,classics ( ,am]ican ,libr>ian%ip ,edit$ by ,,ar?ur ,e4 ,,bo/wick1 ,ph4 ,d4 ,,! ,,libr>y ,,& ,,society ,repr9ts ( ,pap]s & ,addresses ,) ,notes by ,,ar?ur ,e4 ,,bo/wick1 ,ph4 ,d4 ,new ,york ,! ,h4 ,w4 ,wilson ,company ,london3 ,grafton ,company #aibj ,publi%$1 ,janu>y1 #aiba ,,preface ,x may be desirable to repeat "h ! w>n+ t ! ^w classics 9 ! title ( ?is s]ies is to be und]/ood z mean+ e>ly & /&>d expressions ( ideas t h lat] develop$ into prom95ce4 ,! pap]s & addresses 9 ?is volume h be5 *os5 especially ) ?is 9 view1 & z !y emphasize social relations an ef=t has be5 made to include expressions f m5 ( em95ce ^: names w\ld n probably occur to ! /ud5t ( libr>y economy z hav+ express$ an op9ion ab\t ! "w ( libr>ies or z hav+ influ5c$ x 9 any p]man5t way4 ,i desire to ackn[l$ge ! k9dly assi/ance r5d]$ 9 ! selection & gr\p+ ( ! articles by ,mrs4 ,g]trude ,gilb]t ,drury1 *ief in/ructor 9 ! ,/4 ,l\is ,libr>y ,s*ool4 ,x has be5 mo/ valuable4 ,! orig9al sugge/ion ( ?is volume1 & ( ! "* ( its cont5ts1 ,i owe to ,dr4 ,james ,i4 ,wy]1 ,jr41 ,director ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,libr>y4 ,,ar?ur ,e4 ,,bo/wick ,,cont5ts ,,preface #e ,,! ,,libr>y ,,& ,,society #ac ,,g5]al ,,community ,,relations #ae ,! ,hi/orical ,evolution ( ! ,free ,public ,libr>y 9 ,am]ica & ,its ,true ,function 9 ! ,community2 ,d$ication ,address at ,sage ,libr>y4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ahhd1 p4 #dj7 #ag ,,moses ,,coit ,,tyl]4 ,! ,libr>y z a ,field = ,philan?ropy4 7,extract f ,! ,be/ ,fields = ,philan?ropy1 ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 ,decemb]1 #ahhi47 #cc ,,&rew ,,c>negie4 ,! ,idea ( a ,popul> ,libr>y4 7,life1 ,lett]s1 & ,j\rnals1 ,vol4 #b1 #ahea47 #di ,,george ,,ticknor4 ,! ,function ( a ,t[n ,libr>y4 7,protection ( ,majorities17 #ahge #ee ,,josiah ,p4 ,,qu9cy4 ,! ,free ,public ,libr>y4 7,extract f ,m5 & ,wom51 #ahhh47 #fc ,,?omas ,w4 ,,higg9son4 ,two ,fundam5tals4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ahif1 p4 #ddf47 #fg ,,m>y ,,salome ,,cutl]4 ,:at a ,libr>y ,%\ld ,be1 & ,:at ,x ,c ,d4 7,public ,libr>ies1 #ahii1 p4 #bfi47 #ge ,,melvil ,,dewey ,! ,public ,libr>y 9 ,am]ican ,life4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #aije1 p4 #ibe47 #gi ,,hugo ,,mun/]b]g4 ,books & ! ,public ,libr>y2 ,d$ication ,address ( ,*elsea ,libr>y4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ahhf1 p4 #aj47 #hg ,,james ,,russell ,,l[ell4 ,! ,influ5ce ( ,good ,books2 ,d$ication ,address1 ,sp5c] ,libr>y1 ,mass4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ahhi1 p4 #chj47 #aja ,,rob]t ,,colly]4 ,books & ,life4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #aijf1 p4 #bjc47 #aji ,,edw>d ,,asahel ,,birge4 ,address at ! ,d$ication ( ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y4 7,orations & ,spee*es1 ,bo/on1 #ahei2 ,vol4 ,,iii47 #abg ,,edw>d ,,ev]ett4 ,address at a ,meet+ 9 ,favor ( ! ,new ,york ,free ,circulat+ ,libr>y4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ahij1 p4 #ajg47 #aci ,,grov] ,,clevel&4 ,addresses at ! ,op5+ ( ! ,wadswor? ,a!naeum ,libr>y1 ,h>t=d1 ,conn4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ahic1 p4 #ah47 #ade ,,*>les ,,dudley ,,w>n]4 ,,*>les ,,hopk9s ,,cl>k4 ,libr>ies z ,leav52 ,d$ication address1 ,madison ,public ,libr>y4 7,am]ican ,bibliopoli/1 #ahge1 p4 #ahi47 #adi ,,james ,,davie ,,butl]4 ,! ,free ,public ,libr>y4 7,am]ican ,magaz9e ( ,civics1 #ahie1 p4 #dfi47 #afi ,,h5ry ,,h]vey ,,b>b]4 ,,! ,,community',s ,,s]vice ,,to ,,! ,,libr>y #ahc ,! ,relation ( ! ,/ate to ! ,public ,libr>y4 7,transactions ( ! ,second ,int]national ,libr>y ,conf]5ce1 ,london1 #ahih1 p4 #ai47 #ahe ,,melvil ,,dewey4 ,me?ods ( ,secur+ ! ,int]e/ ( a ,community4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ahhj1 p4 #bde47 #aic ,,william ,,eaton ,,fo/]4 ,,f9ancial ,,support #aii ,free ,libr>ies3 ,an ,argum5t aga9/ ,public ,support4 7,a ,plea = ,lib]ty1 ed4 by ,?os4 ,mackay1 #crd ed41 ,london1 #ahid1 p4 #bfj47 #bja ,m4,d4 ,o',,bri54 ,argum5ts = ,public ,support ( ,public ,libr>ies3 a ,rejo9d] to ! ,=ego+4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ahia1 p4 #ci1 ,conf]5ce ,no47 #bae ,,william ,,eaton ,,fo/]4 ,public ,libr>ies & ! ,public1 ) ,special ,ref]5ces to ,san ,francisco4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ahhe1 p4 #bbc47 #bca ,,fr$]ic ,,bee*] ,,p]k9s4 ,! ,levy ( ,libr>y ,tribute2 ,presid5tial ,address to ! ,a4,l4,a4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ahie1 ,conf]5ce ,no41 p4 #a47 #bdc ,,h5ry ,,munson ,,utley4 ,,alt]natives ,,to ,,tax ,,support #bea ,if ,n a ,tax-,support$ ,libr>y--,:at8 7,i[a ,libr>y ,qu>t]ly1 ,april1 #aijc1 p4 #ba47 #bec ,,anonym\s4 ,coop]ation ,betwe5 ,libr>y & ,community4 7,univ]sity ( ,new ,york1 ,home ,education ,bullet9 #ca1 p4 #aca47 #beg ,m4 ,,anna ,,t>bell4 ,,bo>ds ,,( ,,tru/ees #bfe ,libr>y ,"w f ! ,tru/ees' ,/&po9t4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ahij1 ,conf]5ce ,no41 p4 #bc47 #bfg ,,john ,,calv9 ,,le>n$4 ,tru/ees ( ,free ,public ,libr>ies4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ahij1 ,conf]5ce ,no41 p4 #ai47 #bga ,,*>les ,,c>roll ,,s\le4 ,duties ( ,tru/ees & ,_! ,relations to ,libr>ies4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ahij1 ,conf]5ce ,no41 p4 #bd47 #bgi ,,samuel ,,swett ,,gre54 ,,! ,,libr>y',s ,,s]vice ,,to ,,! ,,community #bhe ,"s ,popul> ,objections to ,public ,libr>ies4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ahgf1 p4 #de47 #bhg ,,william ,,fr$]ick ,,poole4 ,h[ to ,use a ,libr>y3 ,addresses at ,pittsfield1 ,mass4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ahhd1 p4 #be47 #big ,,james ,,masc>5e ,,hubb>d4 ,adaptation ( ,libr>ies to ,con/itu5cies2 ,_w's ,libr>y ,congress1 ,*icago ,exposition4 7,education ,bureau ,report1 ,*ap4 ,,ix41 ,"p ,,ii1 p4 #feh1 #ahib-ic47 #cjg ,,samuel ,,swett ,,gre54 ,relation ( ,free ,public ,libr>ies to ! ,community4 7,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 #ahih1 p4 #ffj47 #cae ,,h]b]t ,,putnam4 ,! ,public ,libr>y3 ,its ,uses to ! ,municipality4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #aijc1 p4 #bic47 #cbi ,,john ,,%aw ,,bill+s4 ,! ,libr>y3 a ,plea = ,its ,recognition4 7,int]national ,congress ( ,arts & ,sci5ce1 ,/4 ,l\is ,exposition4 ,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #aijd1 ,conf]5ce ,no41 p4 #a47 #ccc ,,fr$]ick ,,morgan ,,crund54 ,! ,libr>y z a ,factor 9 ,mod]n ,civilization4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #aijf1 ,conf]5ce ,no41 p4 #ah47 #cdc ,,william ,,h]b]t ,,p]ry ,,faunce4 ,,! ,,provision ,,( ,,books #cdi ,! ,libr>ian & ,8 ,con/itu5ts4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ahhf1 p4 #bbi47 #cea ,,reub5 ,,brooks ,,poole4 ,! ,usefulness ( ,libr>ies 9 ,small ,t[ns4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ahhc1 p4 #bbg47 #cei ,,!resa ,,hubbell ,,we/4 ,address at ! ,d$ication ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania ,libr>y4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ahia1 p4 #ajh47 #cfe ,,talcott ,,williams4 ,,collection ,,( ,,in=mation #cgi ,libr>ies ,z ,bureaus ( ,in=mation4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ahif1 p4 #cbd47 #cha ,,samuel ,,swett ,,gre54 ,! ,libr>y ,fri5d4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #aija1 p4 #aig47 #chg ,,w9ifr$ ,,l\ise ,,taylor4 ,,control ,,& ,,guidance ,,( ,,read+ #cie ,probable ,intellectual & ,moral ,outcome ( ! ,rapid ,increase ( ,public ,libr>ies4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ahhe1 p4 #bcd47 #cig ,,brad=d ,,k9ney ,,pi]ce4 ,possibilities ( ,public ,libr>ies 9 ,manufactur+ ,communities4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ahhg1 p4 #cie47 #dja ,,m9]va ,,am&a ,,s&]s4 ,presid5tial ,address1 ,lake ,placid ,conf]5ce4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ahid1 ,conf]5ce ,no41 p4 #a47 #daa ,,joseph ,,nelson ,,l>n$4 ,! ,libr>y z an ,inspirational ,=ce4 7,public ,libr>ies1 #ahii1 p4 #ajb47 #dai ,,sam ,,walt] ,,foss4 ,! ,use ( ! ,public ,libr>y2 ,ry]son ,libr>y ,d$ication ,address4 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #aijd1 p4 #eib47 #dbe ,,james ,,burrill ,,angell4 ,,community ,,c5t] ,,s]vice #dca ,! ,libr>y z a ,social ,c5tre4 7,public ,libr>ies1 #aijf1 p4 #e47 #dcc ,,gratia ,,alta ,,c\ntryman4 ,! ,libr>y & ! ,social ,c5tre4 7,wiscons9 ,libr>y ,bullet91 #aiaa1 p4 #hd47 #dci ,,lutie ,,eug5ia ,,/e>ns4 ,:]e ,neighbors ,meet4 7,f ,/4 ,l\is ,public ,libr>y report1 #aiaf-ag47 #ddc ,,m>g]y ,,closey ,,quigley4 ,:at ( ! ,future8 7,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ahig1 ,conf]5ce ,no41 p4 #e47 #dec ,,fr$]ick ,,morgan ,,crund54 ,,index #dei ,,! ,,libr>y ,,& ,,society ,rec5t progress 9 all directions--political1 educational1 indu/rial1 hygi5ic--has be5 m>k$ by ! gr[? & /r5g!n+ ( a social consci\sness4 ,x is ?is *iefly t has diff]5tiat$ ! mod]n libr>y f its pr$ecessors & has made prom95t our pres5t insi/5ce on ! read] z well z ! book1 z a fundam5tal elem5t 9 :at we are do+4 ,at fir/ evid5t only 9 a g5]al & some:at vague recognition1 by writ]s & speak]s1 ( a vital relation betwe5 libr>ies & ! communities t !y s]ve1 x lat] cry/alliz$ into def9ite discussions ( _! reciprocal s]vice--t ( ! community to ! libr>y1 consi/+ ( f9ancial1 mat]ial & moral support express+ itself p>tly 9 ! appo9tm5t ( adequate bo>ds ( tru/ees & _! prop] back+1 & t ( ! libr>y to ! community1 %[+ itself l>gely 9 ! provision ( books1 ! collection ( in=mation1 ! control & guidance ( read+1 & s-call$ community-c5tre s]vice4 ,^! facts h guid$ ! gr\p+ & sequ5ce ( ! pap]s & addresses t make up ! pres5t volume4 ,! au?ors1 x w be notic$1 include m /atesm51 publici/s1 & pr(essional m51 & few] libr>ians1 ?an 0 ! case ) ! two previ\s volumes1 ?us reflect+ ! great] g5]ality & wid] int]e/ ( ! subject4 ,,g5]al ,,community ,,relations ,9 ! foll[+ gr\p h be5 includ$ pap]s & addresses l>gely by publici/s or educators int]e/$ 9 libr>ies f ! g5]al civic /&po9t1 & affect$ by ! g5]al tr5d t[>d :at has be5 t]m$ "h socialization4 ,!y h be5 loosely arrang$ 9 ?ree gr\ps--g5]al ideas on ! field1 function & possibilities ( ! libr>y1 pap]s on books & _! uses1 z affect$ or promot$ by ! libr>y1 & g5]al addresses1 *iefly at ! op5+ ( libr>y build+s4 ,)9 ^! gr\ps !y are giv5 9 g5]al 9 _! *ronological ord]1 al?\gh ) "s exceptions ^: purpose w be self evid5t4 ,?r\gh !m all runs ! ?read ( consci\sness t s]vice to ! community mu/ be ! prim>y object ( ! libr>y1 al?\gh ! bread? & ext5t ( t s]vice1 z x 0 de/9$ lat] to gr[ & develop is n g5]ally realiz$ & 9 "s cases d\btless w\ld h be5 deprecat$ by ! writ]s or speak]s1 c\ld !y h =ese5 x4 ,b 9 all ^! pron\ncem5ts we may cle>ly see ! dawn+ light ( a new libr>y day4 ,,! ,,hi/orical ,,evolution ,,( ,,! ,,free ,,public ,,libr>y ,,9 ,,am]ica ,,& ,,its ,,true ,,function ,,9 ,,! ,,community ,?is compreh5sive sket*1 by ,pr(essor ,tyl] ( ,cornell ,univ]sity1 =ms "p ( an address deliv]$ at ! d$ication ( ! ,sage ,libr>y1 at ,we/ ,bay ,city1 ,mi*igan1 ,jan4 #af1 #ahhd4 ,moses ,coit ,tyl] 0 born 9 ,griswold1 ,conn41 ,aug4 #b1 #ahce & graduat$ at ,yale 9 #aheg4 ,he 0 pr(essor ( ,engli% at ,mi*igan ,univ]sity 9 #ahfg-ha & f ! latt] ye> to 8 dea?1 ,dec4 #bh1 #aijj1 held ! *air ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory at ,cornell4 ,9 ?is address1 ,pr(4 ,tyl] has add$ to 8 equipm5t z a philosophical hi/orian 8 p]sonal k & exp]i5ce ( ! s]vice t a prop]ly adm9i/]$ collection ( books may r5d] to a community4 ,look+ ov] ! entire c\rse ( ,am]ican society1 f its r\gh & h>dy beg9n+1 9 ! fir/ ye>s ( ! #ag? c5tury1 ,i f9d six di/9ct /ages ( developm5t ) ref]5ce to ! possession & use ( books by ! p4 ,! fir/ /age is t ( private libr>ies2 ! second is t ( special in/itutional libr>ies1 l ^? ( colleges & o!r le>n$ corporations1 & int5d$ = a limit$ & r s*ola/ic class 9 ! community2 ! ?ird is t ( association or jo9t /ock libr>ies1 i4e41 libr>ies ( a m miscellane\s & g5]al "*1 b = ! use only ( ^? ^: names are on ! subscription li/2 ! f\r? is t ( common s*ool libr>ies2 ! fif? is t ( end[$ libr>ies1 i4e41 public libr>ies f\nd$ & su/a9$ entirely by private end[m5t & ?r[n op5 to ! public )\t any co/ :atev] to ! public2 & f9ally1 ! six? is t ( free public libr>ies creat$1 x may be1 by private b5efaction1 b su/a9$ 9 "p at lea/ at ! public co/1 i4e41 unit+ ! two elem5ts ( private help & public selfhelp1 & *]i%$ by ! public only z p w *]i% t :i* co/s !m some?+1 & ( :i* !y h "s s5se ( real own]%ip4 ,b be=e proce$+ to inspect ^! successive =ms ( libr>y evolution1 ! fact %\ld be di/9ctly br\ght out z applicable to !m all1 t ! ,am]ican p />t$ on _! c>e] 9 ?is c\ntry ) an uncommon int]e/ 9 books2 & say :at "o w ab\t ,am]ican phili/9ism & ,am]ican devotion to ! practical1 ?is p h always reta9$ t anci5t & primitive homage = books4 ,to an ext5t1 ,i ?9k1 unapproa*$ else:]e1 !y are1 & !y always h be51 a booki% p4 ,9 "s o!r nations !re is1 und\bt$ly1 a l>g] leisurely class2 & among p]sons ( t class !re is a pr(\nd] & m ext5sive contact ) books ?an is ! case ) u4 ,b :ile among mo/ o!r nations1 ! crav+ = books is ! prop5sity ( "o class1 ) u x may be fairly describ$ z ! prop5sity ( all classes4 ,a c]ta9 t9cture ( booki%ness has p]vad$ ! ,am]ican p f ! beg9n+4 ,p]haps ! mo/ decid$ quality ( ,am]ican civilization has be5 its ef=t to unite ! practical ) ! ideal2 its passion = mat]ial results ennobl$ by ! intellectual & ! spiritual2 its f9e rev]5ce = /udi\sness1 ev5 amid ! p]si/5t fury ( doll>-hunt+4 ,& n only 0 ?is booki% trait visible 9 our colonial infancy b x may be said to h _h an ante-natal orig94 ,! two ,engli%m5 :o 9 ! latt] half ( ! #af? c5tury did mo/ to make possible ! bir? ( ,am]ican civilization 9 ! fir/ half ( ! #ag?1 7 ,sir ,humphrey ,gilb]t & ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh2 & bo? 7 m5 possess$ by ?is l>ge ze/ = ideas z well z = de$s2 bo? 7 contemplative m5 z well z active m54 ,! la/ glimpse t any surviv+ mortal _h ( ,sir ,humphrey ,gilb]t1 be=e 8 %ip w5t d[n 9 ! sea1 0 ( t /]n h]o sitt+ calmly on ! deck1 ) a book 9 8 h&1 *e]+ 8 companions by tell+ !m t heav5 is z ne> by wat] z by l&2 & ! la/ labor ( ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh1 be=e 8 judicial murd] 9 ! ,t[]1 0 to write "o ( ! le>n$e/ & /atelie/ books to be met ) 9 ! lit]ature ( mod]n m54 ,& ?is flavor ( booki%ness :i* belong$ to ^! two great pione]s & m>tyrs ( ,am]ican colonization1 seems to h pass$ on to ! m5 :o successfully execut$ ! gr& project 9 :i* !y _h fail$4 ,:5 y run y\r eyes along ! /urdy li/ ( ! great colony-f\nd]s ( ! #ag? c5tury--! m5 :o c>ri$ out ! fi]ce task ( convey+ ,engli% civilization across ! ,atlantic1 & ( mak+ x take root & live 9 ?is wild soil--,capta9 ,john ,smi?1 & ,william ,brad=d1 & ,w9sl[1 & ,rob]t ,cu%man1 & ! ,w9?rops1 & ,dudley1 & ,hook]1 & ,dav5port1 & ,rog] ,williams1 & ,william ,p5n1 y w f9d !m all1 9 "s special s5se1 lov]s ( books1 collectors ( books1 read]s ( books1 ev5 writ]s ( books4 ,& :at is true ( ! lead]s ( t great act ( national transmigration is true also ( ! m5 ( less note :o foll[$ 9 x4 ,! fir/ ,am]ican immigrants 7 read+ immigrants--immigrants :o br\ght 9 _! h&s n only axes & %ovels1 b books4 ,_! com+ hi!r 0 due to ! re/lessness inflict$ by ! possession ( ideas4 ,books 7 to !m a necess>y "p ( ! outfit = ! voyage & ! settlem5t4 ,& s r>e & s preci\s 7 books 9 ^? days t !y 7 *]i%$ z family treasures1 & h&$ d[n z heirlooms2 nay1 !y 7 s dealt ) 9 wills & 9 contracts z if !y rose almo/ to ! dignity ( real e/ate4 ,9 fact1 9 ^? days1 ! possession ( an unusual numb] ( books1 ) ! reputation ( us+ !m1 con/itut$ a sort ( pat5t ( g5tility1 & seem$ to bridge ! *asm betwe5 ! mo/ widely sep>at$ classes 9 society2 z :51 9 #agbd1 a "y me*anic1 nam$ ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 arriv+ 9 ,new ,york on a sloop f ,newport1 is invit$ to ! h\se ( ! ,gov]nor ( ,new ,york & is honor$ by him ) a long & fri5dly int]view1 = no o!r reason ?an t ! capta9 ( ! sloop _h told ! gov]nor ( a lad on 8 vessel :o _h ) him a great _m books4 ,! gov]nor receiv$ me1 says ,frankl9 9 8 autobiography ) great civility1 %[$ me 8 libr>y1 :i* 0 a consid]able "o1 & we _h a good deal ( conv]sation relative to books & au?ors4 ,?is 0 ! second gov]nor :o _h done me ! honor to take notice ( me1 & = a poor boy1 l me1 x 0 v pleas+4 ,s ,i ?9k ,i am ju/ifi$ 9 say+ t we />t$ on our c>e] z a p ) ?is und]ly+ intellectual quality--a pretty g5]al respect = books1 love = !m1 habit ( us+ !m2 & ?is is ! impell+ moral =ce :i* prompts to ! sev]al ef=ts :i* society has made = provid+ itself ) books4 ,n[1 ! fir/ /age 9 ! process ( libr>y evolution--& ,i h call$ x t ( private libr>ies--0 ! prevail+ condition ( ! ,am]ican colonies dur+ ! :ole ( ! #ag? c5tury & ! fir/ ?ird ( ! #ah?4 ,?is is ! picture3 ,ev]y:]e books1 b few1 co/ly1 portly1 solemn1 rev]$1 read ov] & ov] aga92 e respectable family1 h[ev] poor1 hav+ at lea/ a few h]$it>y treasures 9 ! =m ( books1 z 9 t ( silv] & *oice furniture2 & "h & !re up & d[n ! colonies1 an occasional lum9\s spot1 draw+ to itself ! wide-ey$ wond] ( ! surr\nd+ inhabitants1 ! seat ( a great private libr>y1 belong+ to "s c\ntry g5tleman1 or cl]gyman1 or publici/1 l t ( ,colonel ,william ,bird1 ( ,we/ov]1 or ( ! ,rev]5d ,james ,blair1 ( ,williamsburg1 or ( ,dr4 ,cotton ,ma!r1 ( ,bo/on1 or ( ,james ,logan1 ( ,philadelphia1 or ( ,cadwallad] ,cold51 ( ,new ,york4 ,?is is ! fir/ /age ( libr>y evolution4 ,&1 ( c\rse1 x has its pleasant aspects2 b surely !re is "h no adequate provision = ! intellectual wants ( ! entire community4 ,v few p]sons 9 any community are ri* en\gh to buy & own all ! books !y ought to h access to2 & ! exi/5ce ( great private libr>ies 9 a few weal?y h\seholds c no m supply ?is g5]al ne$ ( books ?an ! great private d9n]s :i* are giv5 9 ! same h\seholds c keep ! entire community f go+ hungry4 ,accord+ly1 ! second /age 9 ! evolution ( libr>ies is away f m]e private own]%ip & use1 & is t[>d complete public own]%ip & use2 b x /ops f> ?is side ( x2 x is ! /age ( special s*ola/ic libr>ies1 collect$ by colleges & o!r le>n$ corporations1 & int5d$ = ! p>ticul> use ( ! le>n$ class--/ud5ts1 inve/igators1 & speciali/s4 ,! e>lie/ libr>y ( t sort ev] =m$ 9 ?is c\ntry 0 begun at ,h>v>d ,college 9 #afch2 ne> ! close ( ! #ag? c5tury1 ano!r 0 begun at ,william & ,m>y ,college1 & /ill ano!r at ,yale2 !nce=w>d1 & especially dur+ ! pa/ eighty ye>s1 su* libr>ies h be5 multiply+ 9 ! l&1 s t at ! pres5t mom5t !re are m ?an ?ree hundr$ ( !m1 & a few ( !m are n[ really va/ libr>y collections4 ,! value ( ^! libr>ies--:o c d\bt8 ,yet _! direct value is only = a class2 !y are s*ol>s' libr>ies1 n p's libr>ies4 ,?is w n suffice2 society _c re/ satisfi$1 & w n re/ satisfi$ until ev]y:]e good books = all are plac$ )9 ! rea* ( all4 ,! complete popul>ization ( books is ! goal4 ,s we come to ! ?ird /age ( libr>y evolution--t ( libr>ies ga!r$ & controll$ by volunt>y associations ( p1 e4g41 jo9t /ock associations1 b ( c\rse = ! use only ( ^? :o subscribe to !m & %>e 9 ! exp5se4 ,"h we h a natural /ep =w>d2 a goodly /ep2 a /ep 9 ! "r direction1 b /ill n f> en\gh4 ,we %all all agree t ?is is ! /rong & he>ty mod]n me?od ( do+ difficult ?+s--! me?od ( clubb+ toge!r to d some?+2 x is self-reliant1 social1 coop]ative1 mutually1 helpful1 ,:at ! individual _c d alone a club ( individuals c d toge!r4 ,?us ! h>de/ & gr&e/ a*ievem5ts ( our "t h be5 br\ght ab\t--va/ railroads1 va/ manufactur+ & comm]cial ent]prises4 ,& s m5 & wom51 :o c\ld n s+ly get ! books !y want$1 h jo9$ =ces & h got !m by comb9ation4 ,x is a notable fact1 h[ev]1 t ?is ?ird /age ( libr>y evolution 0 n rea*$ until m ?an a hundr$ ye>s aft] ! fir/ colonies _h be5 settl$4 ,_m ( y1 d\btless1 9 w&]+ ab\t ,philadelphia--p]haps dur+ our great c5t5nial visit to t city--may h notic$ ! v5]able build+ ( ! ,philadelphia ,libr>y company1 & 9 ! walls ( x an old tablet ) ?is inscription3 ,be x rememb]$ 9 honor ( ! ,philadelphia y\? 7!n *iefly artific]s7 t1 9 #agca1 !y *e]fully1 at ! sugge/ion ( ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 "o ( _! numb]1 in/itut$ ! ,philadelphia ,libr>y1 :i* ?\gh small at fir/1 is become highly valuable & ext5sively useful1 & :i* ! walls ( ?is build+ are n[ de/9$ to conta9 & pres]ve4 ,n[1 9 reality1 t ye> #agca1 :5 t fir/ subscription libr>y 0 />t$ 9 ,am]ica1 beg9s a new epo* 9 ! intellectual life ( ! ,am]ican p1 ! epo* ( sy/ematic coop]ation = ! procurem5t by ! p ( ! great intellectual & spiritual boon ( books4 ,imm5se results h foll[$ f t example set 9 #agca4 ,!re=e1 let u /op a mom5t long]1 & li/5 to ,b5jam9 ,frankl9's own acc\nt ( ! way 9 :i* he came to ?9k ( t capital project4 ,at ! "t ,i e/abli%$ myself 9 ,p5nsylvania1 !re 0 n a good booksell]'s %op 9 any ( ! colonies to ! s\?w>d ( ,bo/on4 ,^? :o lov$ read+ 7 oblig$ to s5d = _! books f ,engl&2 ! memb]s ( ! ,junto _h ea* a few4 ,we _h left ! aleh\se1 :]e we fir/ met1 & hir$ a room to hold our club 94 ,i propos$ t we %\ld all ( u br+ our books to t room2 :]e !y w\ld n only be ready to consult 9 our conf]5ces1 b become a common b5efit1 ea* ( u be+ at lib]ty to borr[ su* z he wi%$ to read at home4 ,?is 0 accord+ly done1 & = "s "t cont5t$ u4 ,f9d+ ! advantage ( ?is little collection1 ,i propos$ to r5d] ! b5efit f ! books m common by comm5c+ a public subscription libr>y4 ,i drew a sket* ( ! plan & rules t w\ld be necess>y1 & got a skilful conveyanc] to put ! :ole 9 =m ( articles ( agreem5t to be subscrib$2 by :i* ea* subscrib] engag$ to pay a c]ta9 sum d[n = ! fir/ pur*ase ( ! books & an annual contribution = increas+ !m4 ,s few 7 ! read]s at t "t 9 ,philadelphia1 & ! majority ( u s poor1 t ,i 0 n able ) great indu/ry to f9d m ?an fifty p]sons1 mo/ly "y tradesm51 will+ to pay d[n = ?is purpose =ty %ill+s ea* & t5 %ill+s p] annum4 ,) ?is little fund we began4 ,! books 7 import$2 ! libr>y 0 op5$ "o day 9 ! week = l5d+ !m to ! subscrib]s1 on _! promissory notes to pay d\ble ! value if n duly return$4 ,! in/itution soon manife/$ its utility1 0 imitat$ by o!r t[ns & 9 o!r prov9ces4 ,! libr>ies 7 augm5t$ by donations2 read+ became fa%ionable2 & our p1 hav+ no public amusem5ts to div]t _! att5tion f /udy1 became bett] acqua9t$ ) books2 & 9 a few ye>s 7 obs]v$ by /rang]s to be bett] in/ruct$1 & m intellig5t1 ?an p ( ! same rank g5]ally are 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,i ?9k y w agree ) me t ?is is a v /rik+ bit ( te/imony1 too mu* s to p]mit u to hurry pa/ x4 ,note ^! few ?+s ab\t x4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 t device ( ,frankl9's1 />t$ 9 #agca--:at does x really signify 9 our hi/ory8 ,x signifies ?is4 ,x signifies a new dep>ture = mank9d--! application ( ! democratic _s to ! di/ribution ( intellectual advantages4 ,^! ?+s call$ books--^! bewit*$ & bewit*+ fabrics ( pap] & ink1 :i* someh[ conta9 ! accumulat$ ?\ght ( all nations & ( all c5turies1 & c communicate to u ! noble/ pleasures & ! mo/ godlike p[]s--^! pot5t ?+s1 9 all ! ages be=e1 _h be5 accessible only to "s few =tunate human be+s--to a privileg$ class--to ri* m5 :o wi%$ !m--to s*ol>s :o c\ld w9 _! way to !m--9 %ort1 to an ari/ocracy ( intellectual privileges4 ,b 9 #agca1 by t mode/ device ( ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 ! democratic _s--! mod]n humane _s--! _s :i* 9 its true nature is a levell+ _s only 9 ?is gr& s5se t x levels upw>d & n d[nw>d1 & raises ! g5]al av]age ( human intellig5ce & felicity--?is b5ign & mighty democratic _s1 ,i say1 :i* 0 !n m>*+ ) g5tle b inv9cible foot/eps along all av5ues & pa?ways ( mod]n life1 & 0 lay+ its miracul\s t\* on *ur* & /ate1 on k+s & prie/s & peasants1 on ! laws & law-mak]s & law-break]s1 on all ! old activities ( society1 on ! old adju/m5ts ( human relations1 t _s !n began to t\* ?is relation also1 ! relation ( man to ! sup]b & royal realm ( books4 ,& ! fir/ effect ( t t\* 0 :at8 ,x 0 enl>gem5t1 lib]alization1 ext5sion ( intellectual opportunity = man simply z man4 ,hi!rto books _h be5 ! privilege ( ! privileg$ class4 ,9 effect1 ,frankl9 says3 ,!y %all be s no m4 ,9 ?is ye> #agca ,i set ago+ a device conc]n+ books :i* %all aboli% ! privileg$ class by mak+ all classes privileg$1 & %all f9ally result 9 plac+ ! bless+s ( books )9 ! rea* ( all4 ,b1 9 ! second place1 9 t ye> #agca1 :o 0 ,frankl9 :o did all t1 & :o 7 ! p]sons :o help$ to d x8 ,he & !y 7 "y m52 obscure m51 poor m51 labor+ m52 me*anics & tradesm5 ( ! t[n :]e !y liv$2 "y m5 j gett+ a />t 9 ! _w4 ,s ?is new era 9 ! bra9 life ( ! ,am]ican p _h its beg9n+ ) su* z !y 74 ,:o ( u1 !re=e1 h[ev] mode/ be our lot 9 life1 has any "r to say to himself1 ,i am n 9 position to d any?+ = ! advancem5t ( my race8 ,nay2 my bro!r1 ?9k ( "y ,b5 ,frankl91 ! pr9t]1 & 8 #ej bro!r me*anics2 rememb] :at !y accompli%$2 & d n despair ( be+ useful 9 y\r "t also4 ,& 9 ! ?ird place1 ?is movem5t came f ^? "y m5 associat$ toge!r 9 a social debat+ club4 ,x 0 _! exp]i5ce 9 ! actual discussion ( ! problems ( human ?\ght :i* made !m feel ! ne$ ( books & sugge/$ ?is great measure = popul>iz+ books3 a fact :i* fits 9 well ) ,mr4 ,sage's idea ( bl5d+ ! two ?+s toge!r "h2 ( giv+ p]petual h\se-room & hospitality to a debat+ club1 "h1 9 ! v mid/ ( ?is libr>y4 ,& n[ ! f\r? po9t is1 t ! plan />t$ by ,frankl9 & ^? o!r "y me*anics 9 ,philadelphia1 9 #agca1 ! plan ( jo9t-/ock libr>y associations1 work$ s well !re t1 z ,frankl9 tells1 x 0 tak5 up 9 o!r prov9ces4 ,naturally1 ! new plan 0 adopt$ fir/ 9 ! t[ns :]e x 0 he>d ( fir/--! t[ns ne>e/ to ,philadelphia4 ,b be=e _m ye>s1 ! news ( x _h travell$ f>1 to ! s\?w>d & ! nor?w>d1 & :e!r consci\sly or unconsci\sly ! model set up 9 ,philadelphia1 0 imitat$1 ) m or less clos5ess1 9 scores ( places f> away4 ,"o curi\s example spr+s up 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,x is 9 ! ,georget[n di/rict1 !n giv5 to ! gr[? ( indigo4 ,a numb] ( ! plant]s came toge!r & =m$ ! ,w9yaw ,indigo ,society4 ,_! *ief bus9ess 0 to h a pleasant "t toge!r & talk indigo2 !y paid _! initiation fees 9 indigo2 !y paid _! annual dues 9 indigo2 & pres5tly !y f\nd _! treasury s full & ov]fl[+ ) indigo1 t !y resolv$ to devote _! surplus 9 "p to ! =mation ( ! ,indigo ,society ,libr>y4 ,!n1 too1 at ab\t ! same "t 9 ,*>le/on1 sev5te5 "y m51 ( v limit$ means1 desir\s ( see+ ! be/ & fre%e/ ,engli% magaz9es1 =m$ a club = t purpose1 & />t$ ) a fund ( t5 p\nds /]l+1 n v5tur+ at fir/ to hope to be able to pur*ase books also4 ,soon1 h[ev]1 _! plan grew & took 9 books2 & f ?is small beg9n+ arose ! great ,libr>y ,society ( ,*>le/on1 :i* has m9i/]$ to ! pleasure & b5efit ( ! p ( t place = ne>ly a c5tury & a half4 ,b ! ,philadelphia plan travell$ nor?w>d z well z s\?w>d4 ,9 #agdg1 at ,newport1 ,rhode ,isl&1 0 =m$1 also out ( a discussion club1 ! fam\s ,r$wood ,libr>y1 :i* lives & fl\ri%es /ill4 ,9 #agec ! ,provid5ce ,libr>y 0 />t$ on ! same g5]al plan2 9 #aged1 ! ,new ,york ,society ,libr>y2 9 #agfj1 ! ,social ,libr>y at ,salem1 ,massa*usetts2 9 #agfc1 simil> libr>ies at ,lanca/] & at ,portl&1 ,ma9e2 9 #agec1 a simil> "o at ,h+ham2 & s on ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,"o ( ! mo/ curi\s ( ^! jo9t-/ock libr>y associations 0 "o =m$ 9 #agea 9 ?ree p>i%es 9 ! t[ns ( ,york & ,kitt]y1 ,ma9e1 & call$ ! ,revolv+ ,libr>y4 ,x 0 n a circulat+ libr>y--t be+ ! "n ( a libr>y f :i* ! books circulate s+ly & 9 units2 b x 0 call$ a revolv+ libr>y because ! entire libr>y 0 to revolve1 9 bulk1 on its own axes1 9 an orbit includ+ ! p>sonages ( ! ?ree p>i%es embrac$ 9 ! s*eme4 ,& ?us ?is libr>y began to revolve f p>sonage to p>sonage m ?an #acj ye>s ago2 & x has be5 revolv+ ev] s9ce1 occasionally enc\nt]+ "s que] exp]i5ces1 z :51 ab\t #ae ye>s ago1 x 0 f\nd by ! new pa/or ( ,kitt]y ,po9t 9 ! g>ret ( ! p>sonage1 dump$ d[n on ! attic floor l a load ( coal1 ! wife ( ! =m] incumb5t hav+ _h a prejudice aga9/ books = sanit>y reasons1 consid]+ !m unheal?y1 & s be+ unwill+ to h !m 9 any liv+ room :]e _! pres5ce might communicate diseases to ! family4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is a r ecc5tric specim5 ( ! class ( libr>ies n[ "u view4 ,a v good normal example ( ! class is furni%$ u by ! social libr>y ( ,ca/9e1 ,ma9e1 organiz$ 9 #ahja2 & its articles ( association ,i desire to read to y z exhibit+ ! scope & _s ( ?is :ole movem5t = supply+ ! public ) books ?r\gh jo9t/ock companies4 ,! articles ( association are z foll[s3 ,x is propos$ by ! p]sons ^: names are "h subjo9$ to e/abli% a social libr>y 9 ?is t[n4 ,x is greatly to be lam5t$ t excell5t abilities are n unfrequ5tly doom$ to obscurity by reason ( pov]ty2 t ! ri* pur*ase almo/ ev]y?+ b books2 & t read+ has become s unfa%ionable an amusem5t 9 :at we are pleas$ to call ?is enlight5$ age & c\ntry4 ,to rem$y ^! evils2 to excite a fondness = books2 to af=d ! mo/ rational & pr(itable amusem5t2 to prev5t idl5ess & immorality2 & to promote ! diffusion ( useful k1 piety1 & virtue1 at an exp5se :i* small pecuni>y abilities c af=d1 we are induc$ to associate = ! above purposes2 & ea* agrees to pay = ! numb] ( %>es own$1 & annex$ to 8 "n at #e p] %>e4 ,! fir/ public libr>y 9 ! nor?-we/ 0 e/abli%$ by an association =m$ at ,m>ietta1 ,ohio1 9 #agif4 ,!n foll[$ simil> libr>ies at ,c9c9nati1 & at ,ames1 ,a!ns ,c\nty4 ,! latt]1 :i* 0 =m$ z e>ly z #ahjb1 _h a curi\s orig94 ,x 0 popul>ly kn[n z ! ,coon-sk9 ,libr>y4 ,! h>dy pione]s ( t t[n%ip ( ,ames met toge!r1 x seems1 to consid] ! subject ( roads2 &1 hav+ consid]$ x1 !y proce$$ to consid] also ! subject ( books--a f9e illu/ration1 ,i ?9k1 ( ! bl5d+ ( ! practical & ! ideal 9 ! ,am]ican "* & 9 ,am]ican civilization4 ,"h 7 ^! /urdy pione]s project+ a public libr>y ev5 be=e !y _h got _! public roads cut out & put 9 ord]4 ,:at is call$ money h>dly exi/$ among !m2 b !y knew h[ to %oot be>s & to cat* coons & to take _! sk9s1 & ^! sk9s c\ld be s5t to ,bo/on & sold = ca%1 & ! money inve/$ 9 books4 ,?is accord+ly 0 done4 ,! not$ politician1 ,?omas ,ew+1 !n a boy at ,ames1 gives ?is acc\nt ( ! affair3 ,all my accumulat$ weal?1 t5 coon-sk9s1 w5t into ! fund1 ! total am\nt ( :i* prov$ to be ab\t #ajj4 ,squire ,sam ,br[n1 ( ,sunday ,creek1 :o 0 go+ to ,bo/on1 0 *>g$ ) ! pur*ase4 ,aft] an abs5ce ( _m weeks1 he br\ght ! books to ,capt4 ,b5 ,br[n's1 9 a sack on a pack-horse4 ,i 0 pres5t at ! unty+ ( ! sack & p\r+ out ( ! treasures4 ,!re 7 ab\t #fj volumes1 ,i ?9k1 & well select$2 ! libr>y ( ! ,vatican 0 no?+ to x1 & !re nev] 0 a libr>y bett] read4 ,?is1 ) occasional additions1 furni%$ me ) read+ :ile ,i rema9$ at home4 ,t is ! /uff ( :i* /rong m5 are made1 & /rong communities1 & mighty nations4 ,& :at 0 done at ,m>ietta1 & at ,c9c9nati1 & at ,ames1 0 done 9 a multitude ( o!r t[ns all ov] ! nor?-we/4 ,at ,v9c5nes1 ,indiana1 a libr>y 0 />t$ by simil> means 9 #ahjg2 & "o ( ! f\nd]s 0 ,g54 ,wm4 ,h5ry ,h>rison1 ! h]o ( ,tippecanoe & h>d cid]4 ,t 0 ! fir/ public libr>y e/abli%$ 9 ,indiana4 ,s1 too1 9 ,mi*igan1 f> back 9 its t]ritorial days1 simil> libr>ies 7 =m$1 especially t ( ! ,"y ,m5's ,society ( ,detroit4 ,b 9 ,mi*igan1 by f> ! greate/ s]vice 9 ?is direction has be5 r5d]$ m rec5tly by ! ladies1 ^: admirable libr>y associations 9 su* t[ns z ,ann ,arbor1 ,fl9t1 & ,kalamazoo h done mu*1 especially dur+ ! pa/ tw5ty ye>s1 = ! lit]>y improvem5t & enjoym5t ( ! p4 ,b ?is ?ird /age ( libr>y evolution1 good & useful z x has be5 dur+ ! pa/ #aej ye>s1 has ?is defect3 x does n (f] books freely to all :o w\ld l books2 x is limit$ to ^? :o p>ticipate 9 its privileges by pay+ = !m4 ,!re=e society pu%$ =w>d into a f\r? /age ( evolution--"o /ill ne>] to ! gr& object to be rea*$--! complete popul>ization ( books4 ,?is f\r? /age 0 rea*$ *iefly ?r\gh a new idea ent]+ into ! case1 namely1 ! duty ( ! /ate to help 9 provid+ books = ! p :o compose ! /ate4 ,! pr9ciple is already admitt$ t ! /ate mu/ educate its citiz5s1 & = t purpose mu/ su/a9 s*ools4 ,= ! same purpose1 & on ! same pr9ciple1 x mu/ su/a9 libr>ies2 = ^! are b an annex to s*ools1 & ! books 9 !m are only a "p ( ! necess>y app>atus = public education4 ,9 ?is way 0 />t$ ! f\r? plan1 t ( di/rict s*ool libr>ies1 a plan :i* = a :ile 0 hail$ ) delight z a real contribution to human progress & happ9ess2 :i* 0 eag]ly adopt$ 9 ?is /ate & 9 _m o!rs2 b :i* has1 ^u ! :ole1 result$ 9 failure4 ,! ,/ate ( ,new ,york has ! honor ( hav+ />t$ ?is plan1 :i* 0 fir/ publicly advocat$ by ,gov]nor ,de ,witt ,cl9ton1 9 8 message = #ahbf4 ,9 #ahch ,g5]al ,john ,a4 ,dix1 !n secret>y ( /ate1 0 *>g$ ) ! execution ( ! law giv+ to ! s*ool di/ricts #ee1jjj a ye> to buy books = _! libr>ies1 & requir+ !m to raise by taxation an equal am\nt = same purpose4 ,! sy/em 0 receiv$ ?r\gh\t ! /ate ) en?usia/ic favor4 ,9 #ahda ! s*ool libr>ies ( ! /ate report$ ! possession ( #dbb1dei volumes2 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 #bjj1jjj volumes m2 & 9 #ahec !y _h rea*$ ! enorm\s numb] ( #a1fjd1baj volumes4 ,! plan z advocat$ 9 ,new ,york soon pass$ ov] into ,massa*usetts1 :]e x 0 tak5 up & advocat$ by ,horace ,mann1 t noble-m9d$ & eloqu5t *ampion ( popul> enlight5m5t4 ,?r\gh 8 influ5ce ! necess>y law 0 pass$ 9 #ahcg1 b ! op]ation ( ! plan 0 nev] v successful 9 t /ate1 & aft] twelve ye>s _h result$ 9 ! accumulation ( only #db1gjg volumes4 ,mi*igan appe>s to h be5 abrea/ ( ,massa*usetts 9 ! adoption ( ! plan ( di/rict s*ool libr>ies1 incorporat+ x into its s*ool law ( #ahcg4 ,aft] ,new ,york1 ,massa*usetts1 & ,mi*igan1 ! sev]al o!r /ates :i* adopt$ ?is plan did s 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 ,connecticut 9 #ahci2 ,rhode ,isl& & ,i[a 9 #ahdj2 ,indiana 9 #ahda2 ,ma9e 9 #ahdd2 ,ohio 9 #ahdg2 ,wiscons9 9 #ahdh2 ,miss\ri 9 #ahec2 ,cali=nia & ,oregon 9 #ahed2 ,ill9ois 9 #ahee2 ,kansas & ,virg9ia 9 #ahgj2 ,new ,j]sey 9 #ahga2 ,k5tucky & ,m9nesota 9 #ahgc2 & ,colorado 9 #ahgf4 ,^! data w give y "s idea ( ! wide ext5sion ( ?is f\r? /age 9 libr>y evolution4 ,its m]its are v great4 ,p]haps its greate/ m]it is t x recognizes ! true function ( ! public libr>y z a "p ( ! sy/em ( public education1 & !re=e z entitl$ to a %>e 9 public taxation4 ,moreov]1 x has und\bt$ly done a va/ am\nt ( good 9 plac+ ! means ( intellectual improvem5t )9 ! rea* ( millions ( p ( all ages2 x has /imulat$ ! love ( books & diffus$ k & happ9ess4 ,& yet ) all ^! m]its1 x has be5 a failure2 & ?is is l>gely due to j ?ree defects 9 adm9i/ration3 #a4 ,lack ( c>e & wisdom 9 ! selection ( ! books1 result+ 9 ! acquisition ( _m volumes ( tra% & ( pr(ligacy4 #b4 ,lack ( c>e z to ! di/ribution & return ( ! books1 result+ 9 _! rapid disp]sion & disappe>ance4 #c4 ,lack ( c>e 9 ! pres]vation ( ! books t 7 n /ray$ & /ol51 result+ 9 _! rapid det]ioration4 ,y h got to apply bus9ess pr9ciples to ! h&l+ ( books1 z well z ( any o!r mat]ial possessions4 ,libr>ies z well z sawmills ne$ to be dealt ) accord+ to common-s5se & ) effici5cy4 ,n[ ^u ! g5]al failure ( ^! libr>ies1 let me quote = y a little te/imony4 ,! sup]9t5d5t ( s*ools 9 ,new ,york ,/ate1 9 #ahge1 says3 ,! sy/em has n work$ well 9 ?is /ate4444 ,! libr>ies h fall5 into disuse1 & h become practically valueless4 #a ,pub4 lib4 ( ,u4,s41 i4 #da4 ,! sup]9t5d5t = #ahfa says t 9 ne>ly e qu>t] ( ! /ate1 ! libr>ies are almo/ totally unus$ & rapidly det]iorat+4 #b ,pub4 ,lib4 ( ,u4,s4 i4 #dj4 ,= #ahfb1 ! sup]9t5d5t gives a m detail$ picture ( ! condition ( ! s*ool libr>ies4 ,he f9ds !m ma9ly repres5t$ by a motley collection ( books1 rang+ f ',headley's sacr$ m\nta9s' to ! ',pirate's own book1' numb]+ 9 ! aggregate a million & a half ( volumes1 scatt]$ among ! v>i\s families1 con/itut+ a "p ( ! family libr>y1 or s]v+ z toys = *ildr5 9 ! nurs]y2 444 cr[d$ into cupbo>ds1 ?r[n into cell>s1 /[$ away 9 l(ts1 expos$ to ! action ( wat]1 ! sun1 & ( fire1 or m frequ5tly lock$ away into d>kness unreliev$ & sil5ce unbrok54 #b ,pub4 ,lib4 ( ,u4,s4 i4 #dj4 ,?is graphic picture ( ! failure ( ! sy/em 9 ,new ,york is p]haps mat*$ by a simil> picture ( its failure 9 ,mi*igan1 z drawn by our sup]9t5d5t ( education 9 #ahfi3 ,! books 7 di/ribut$ to ! di/ricts by ! t[n cl]k to be return$ by ! directors e ?ird mon? = ex*ange4 ,?is w\ld n[ require m ?an #fj1jjj miles' travel p] annum1 at a positive exp5se to ! directors1 c]ta9ly1 ( #ajj1jjj1 to say no?+ ( m ?an #aj1jjj days' "t4 ,?is 0 l putt+ two locomotives ahead ( ea* o!r to draw a h&-c>4 ,! result 0 ! books 7 g5]ally hidd5 away 9 ! cl]ks' (fices1 l monks 9 _! cloi/]1 & valueless to ! _w4 ,& :at k9d ( books 7 !y8 ,"s good ones1 d\btless2 b g5]ally x 0 bett] to s[ oats 9 ! du/ t cov]$ ^? books ?an to give !m to ! "y to read4 ,e ye>1 soon aft] ! taxes 7 collect$1 ! /ate sw>m$ ) p$l]s1 ) all ! unsalable books ( ,ea/]n h\ses--! s5sational novels ( all ages1 tales ( piracies1 murd]s1 & love intrigues--! yell[-cov]$ lit]ature ( ! _w4 ,f9ally1 ! sup]9t5d5t = #ahgc says3 ,! :ole sy/em seems to h come into g5]al disfavor2 & is1 m ?an any o!r feature ( our s*ool sy/em1 ! "o ( :i* we are lea/ pr\d4 ,n[ we come to ! fif? /age 9 ! evolution ( libr>ies--t ( libr>ies fully end[$ by private g5]osity1 & ?r[n op5 to ! public on su* conditions z ! f\nd]s h be5 pleas$ to indicate2 sometimes call$ patronymic libr>ies4 ,notable specim5s ( ?is class ( libr>ies are ! ,a/or1 ,coop]1 & ,l5ox ,libr>ies1 ( ,new ,york1 & ! ,peabody ,libr>y1 ( ,baltimore4 ,! note ( ?is species ( libr>y is ?is3 x is = ! use ( ! public entirely )\t co/ to ! public4 ,9 %ort1 x is a libr>y completely end[$1 n only z to ! orig9al exp5se ( its erection & equipm5t1 b absolutely = all subsequ5t exp5se 9 its increase & adm9i/ration4 ,conc]n+ ?is species ( libr>y1 ,i h ?is to say3 ,x is a noble use to make ( private weal?2 x does imm5se good2 b x is n ! be/ f9al =m ( libr>y evolution4 ,& = two reasons3 fir/1 ! man :o w completely end[ a free public libr>y does n arise 9 e community2 :]eas1 e community ne$s a free public libr>y4 ,&1 second1 ! :olesome/ k9d ( a gift is n t :i* does x all = ! community & requires no ex]tion or sacrifice on _! "p2 b t :i* gives ! community a good g5]\s />t1 b /ill leaves some?+ = ! community to d = itself4 ,9 o!r words1 ! heal?ie/ sort ( help1 :e!r = "o man or = t5 ?\s&1 is t help :i* helps a man to help himself4 ,& ?is br+s u to ! six? & f9al =m ( libr>y developm5t4 ,x is ! "o :i* is ! resultant ( ! two gr& ideas2 prim>ily1 ! recognition ( ! free public libr>y z an ess5tial "p ( ! sy/em ( public education & !re=e z a legitimate subject = public taxation4 ,?is idea is ess5tial to ! mo/ satisfactory =m ( a public libr>y--! public mu/ inve/ some?+ 9 x4 ,b ?is idea c adju/ itself to t o!r noble "o--private lib]ality 9 aid ( ! public4 ,& x is 9 ?is f9al & mo/ consummate =m1 comb9+ private help ) public selfhelp1 t _m ( ! mo/ successful libr>ies 9 ?is c\ntry h be5 organiz$2 & yet x is only s9ce #ahdh t su* libr>ies h be5 possible4 ,= x 0 9 #ahdh t ! fir/ /ate 9 our ,union1 ,massa*usetts1 pass$ an act au?oriz+ a municipality to tax itself = ! support ( a free public libr>y4 ,s9ce !n _m o!r /ates h foll[$ ) simil> legislation4 ,s t x is only )9 ! pa/ ?irty-five ye>s t ?is gr& result has be5 rea*$3 ! sy/ematic popul>ization ( books "u ! direction ( ! municipality1 p>tially at lea/ at ! public exp5se1 & (t5 9 comb9ation ) private b5efaction4 ,n[1 x is ?is gr& result t y h rea*$ "h 9 ,we/ ,bay ,city4 ,! libr>y :i* y to-day d$icate to ! p]petual s]vice ( ! p1 & :i* we may believe w cont9ue z long z society la/s "h to d its s]5e & b5efici5t "w = ! in/ruction & delight ( innum]able g5]ations ( mank9d--?is libr>y repres5ts ! late/1 & ,i ?9k we may say ! mo/ p]fect & ! f9al t]m 9 a process ( libr>y evolution1 :i* has be5 go+ =w>d on ?is cont95t = m ?an two hundr$ ye>s1 & has involv$1 z we h se51 c\ntless /ruggles & failures & sacrifices = ! production ( ?is s+le result4 ,ladies & g5tlem51 may ,i v5ture to express ! hope t ?is /udy :i* we h n[ made ( ! process--! sl[1 co/ly1 labori\s process--by :i* ?is brilliant result has be5 made possible & easy = y1 9 ,we/ ,bay ,city1 is some?+ :i* w enhance ev5 y\r pleasure 9 ! acquisition ( ?is noble libr>y z well z y\r appreciation ( ! pr9cely act ( ,mr4 ,sage 9 8 creative relation to x8 ,i tru/ x may enhance also y\r feel+ ( responsibility = ! p]petual success ( ?is libr>y 9 ! purposes = :i* x has be5 =m$4 ,?is libr>y has be5 well organiz$2 b ! work+ ( x w dep5d ^u y4 ,x is on "o side ( x a bus9ess conc]n2 & l any o!r bus9ess conc]n x w g to wrack & ru9 unless x is conduct$ on s\nd bus9ess pr9ciples1 accurate acc\nt+1 %>p sup]vision1 punctuality1 sy/em1 ord]1 promptitude1 en]gy4 ,b m ?an ord9>y bus9ess qualities are ne$$ to make ?is libr>y all t x %\ld be4 ,recognize ! true function ( ! free public libr>y2 x is a "p ( a l>ge sy/em ( public education4 ,x is b a co-ord9ate dep>tm5t ( t l>g] in/itution = public education--! p's univ]sity--includ+ ! w>d s*ools & ! high s*ools4 ,"s ( ! fruitfulle/ & be/ "w ( ^? s*ools w be done 9 ?is libr>y4 ,!n1 too1 ! public libr>y /&s = ! :olesome tru? t education is nev] f9i%$ & %\ld n /op :5 "o /ops go+ to s*ool4 ,! boy & ! girl :o graduate at ! s*ool d n des]t ! libr>y2 !y keep up & c>ry =w>d _! intellectual tra9+ by a po/-graduate c\rse 9 ! public libr>y1 = ! re/ ( _! lives4 ,fur!rmore1 ! free public libr>y supplem5ts ! "w ( ! free public s*ools by rea*+ ^? :om ! s*ools nev] rea*$ at all1 or only rea*$ v slightly4 ,& t public libr>y is nev] a complete success1 9 :i* is n pres5t 9 ! (fic]s a _s ( c\rtesy t[>d read]s1 ( sympa?y1 ( *e]fulness1 ( pati5ce1 ev5 ( helpfulness4 ,don't p]mit y\r libr>y ev] to be a dismal1 bibliographical cave1 9 *>ge ( a dragon4 ,let x always be a bright & w9some place1 hospitable to all ord]ly p2 a place :]e ev5 ^? ill-in=m$ ab\t books w n be made emb>rass$1 b enc\rag$4 ,let x be "o ( ! mo/ attractive places 9 t[n2 let x out%9e 9 attractiv5ess ! vulg> & h>mful attractions ( ! b>-room & ! gambl+ d52 let x gr[ up into ! be/ life ( ! community1 a place resort$ to by all1 lov$ by all1 a bless+ to all4 ,,! ,,libr>y ,,z ,a ,,field ,,= ,,philan?ropy ,at a d9n] giv5 to ,&rew ,c>negie by ! ,au?ors' ,league 9 ,new ,york1 he said3 ,!y say ,i am a philan?ropi/4 ,i am no su* fooli% fell[4 ,nev]!less1 to ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review = ,decemb]1 #ahhi1 he contribut$ an article1 entitl$ ,! ,be/ ,fields = ,philan?ropy1 9 :i* he gives ! ,libr>y fir/ place4 ,x is ( c\rse impossible to tell :e!r ! title 0 8 or a sugge/ion ( ! editor4 ,! extract pr9t$ "h is int]e/+ z embody+ ,mr4 ,c>negie's gospel ( help by self-help1 b also z giv+ cr$it to ,eno* ,pratt ( ,baltimore z an e>li] expon5t ( x4 ,&rew ,c>negie 0 born 9 ,dunf]ml9e1 ,scotl&1 ,nov4 #be1 #ahce4 ,he 0 br\ght by 8 family to ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 z a boy ( #ac1 & aft] work+ z a weav]'s assi/ant & a telegraph mess5g] boy1 became an op]ator1 rose to be head ( 8 division1 made money by organiz+ a sleep+-c> company & aft] ! ,civil ,w> became an ironma/]1 retir+ 9 #aija z a multi-millionaire4 ,mu* ( 8 =tune he gave to build libr>ies1 almo/ always on ! condition t ! municipality %\ld assure !m a /at$ support4 ,he di$ 9 ,new ,york1 ,aug4 #aa1 #aiai4 ,! reception giv5 to ! fir/ pap]#a ^u ?is subject1 to :i* our lam5t$ fri5d1 ! late editor & proprietor ( ?is ,review1 0 pleas$ to give ! fir/ place 9 ! ,june numb]1 has be5 mo/ enc\rag+ to its au?or1 z x w\ld surely h be5 to ! editor _h he be5 sp>$1 = he 0 mo/ deeply int]e/$ 9 ! subject4 #a ,weal? by ,&rew ,c>negie4 ,9 ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 ,june1 #ahhi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,be=e ent]+ ^u ! "q :i* y h propos$1 x may be advantage\s to re/ate ! positions tak5 9 ! =m] pap]1 = ! b5efit ( ^? :o may n h read x1 or :o _c conv5i5tly ref] to x4 ,x 0 assum$ t ! pres5t laws ( competition1 accumulation1 & di/ribution are ! be/ obta9able conditions2 t ?r\gh ^! ! race receives its mo/ valuable fruits2 &1 !re=e1 t !y %\ld be accept$ & upheld4 ,"u ^! x 0 held t great weal? mu/ inevitably fl[ into ! h&s ( ! few exceptional manag]s ( m54 ,! "q !n arose1 ,:at %\ld ^! d ) _! surplus weal?8 & ! ,gospel ( ,weal? cont5d$ t surplus weal? %\ld be consid]$ z a sacr$ tru/1 to be adm9i/]$ dur+ ! lives ( its own]s1 by !m z tru/ees1 = ! be/ good ( ! community 9 :i* & f :i* x _h be5 acquir$4 ,x 0 po9t$ out t !re 7 b ?ree modes ( dispos+ ( surplus weal?1 & two ( ^! 7 held to be improp]4 ,fir/1 x 0 held t to leave great =tunes to *ildr5 did n prove true affection = !m or int]e/ 9 _! g5u9e good1 reg>d$ ei!r z individuals or z memb]s ( ! /ate2 t x 0 n ! welf>e ( ! *ildr51 b ! pride ( ! p>5ts1 :i* inspir$ enorm\s legacies1 & t1 look+ to ! usual results ( va/ sums conf]r$ ^u *ildr51 ! ?\ghtful man mu/ be =c$ to say1 if ! good ( ! *ild only 7 consid]$3 ,i w\ld z soon leave to my son a curse z to leave to him ! almighty doll>4 ,! second mode op5 to m5 is to ho>d _! surplus weal? dur+ life1 & leave x at dea? = public uses4 ,x 0 po9t$ out t 9 _m cases ^! beque/s become m]ely monum5ts ( ! te/ators' folly2 t ! am\nt ( real good done by po/hum\s gifts 0 ridicul\sly disproportionate to ! sums ?us left4 ,! rec5t decision ^u ,mr4 ,tild5's w1 :i* is said to h be5 drawn by ! able/ ( lawy]s1 & ! p>tial failure ( ,mr4 ,williamson's purposes 9 reg>d to ! great te*nical s*ool :i* t millionaire int5d$ to e/abli% 9 ,philadelphia1 are lessons inde$ = ! ri* :o only bequea?4 ,! aim ( ! fir/ article 0 ?us to lead up to ! conclusion t !re is b "o "r mode ( us+ enorm\s =tunes--namely1 t ! possessors f "t to "t dur+ _! own lives s adm9i/] !m z to promote ! p]man5t good ( ! communities f :i* !y h be5 ga!r$4 ,x 0 held t public s5tim5t w\ld soon say ( "o :o di$ possess$ ( millions ( available weal? :i* he might h adm9i/]$3 ,! man :o dies ?us ri* dies disgrac$4 ,! purpose ( ?is article is to pres5t "s ( ! be/ me?ods ( p]=m+ ?is duty ( adm9i/]+ surplus weal? = ! good ( ! p4 ,! fir/ requisite = a really good use ( weal? by ! millionaire :o has accept$ ! gospel :i* proclaims him only a tru/ee ( ! surplus t comes to him1 is to take c>e t ! purpose = :i* he sp5ds x %all n h a degrad+1 paup]iz+ t5d5cy ^u its recipi5ts1 & t 8 tru/ %\ld be s adm9i/]$ z to /imulate ! be/ & mo/ aspir+ poor ( ! community to fur!r ef=ts = _! own improvem5t4 ,x is n ! irreclaimably de/itute1 %iftless1 & wor?less t x is truly b5eficial or truly b5evol5t to attempt to rea* & improve4 ,= ^! !re exi/s ! refuge provid$ by ! city or ! /ate1 :]e !y c be %elt]$1 f$1 clo!d1 & kept 9 com=table exi/5ce1 &--mo/ important ( all--:]e !y c be isolat$ f ! well-do+ & indu/ri\s poor1 :o are liable to be demoraliz$ by contact ) ^! un=tunates4 ,"o man or woman :o succe$s 9 liv+ com=tably by begg+ is m dang]\s to society1 & a great] ob/acle to ! progress ( humanity1 ?an a score ( wordy ,sociali/s4 ,! individual adm9i/rator ( surplus weal? has z 8 *>ge ! indu/ri\s & ambiti\s2 n ^? :o ne$ ev]y?+ done = !m1 b ^? :o1 be+ mo/ anxi\s & able to help !mselves1 des]ve & w be b5efit$ by help f o!rs & ! ext5sion ( _! opportunities at ! h&s ( ! philan?ropic ri*4 ,x is ev] to be rememb]$ t "o ( ! *ief ob/acles :i* ! philan?ropi/ meets 9 8 ef=ts to d real & p]man5t good 9 ?is _w is ! practice ( indiscrim9ate giv+2 & ! duty ( ! millionaire is to resolve to cease giv+ to objects t are n prov$ cle>ly to 8 satisfaction to be des]v+4 ,he mu/ rememb] ,mr4 ,rice's belief1 t n9e hundr$ & fifty out ( e ?\s& doll>s be/[$ to-day ^u s-call$ *>ity _h bett] be ?r[n into ! sea4 ,z f> z my exp]i5ce ( ! weal?y ext5ds1 x is unnecess>y to urge !m to give ( _! sup]abundance 9 *>ity s-call$4 ,great] good = ! race is to be a*iev$ by induc+ !m to cease impulsive & injuri\s giv+4 ,z a rule1 ! s9s ( millionaires 9 ?is respect are n ^? ( omission1 b ( commission1 because !y w n take "t to ?9k1 & *iefly because x is mu* easi] to give ?an to refuse4 ,^? :o h surplus weal? give millions e ye> :i* produce m evil ?an good1 & :i* really ret>d ! progress ( ! p1 because mo/ ( ! =ms 9 vogue to-day = b5efit+ mank9d only t5d to spread among ! poor a _s ( dep5d5ce ^u alms1 :5 :at is ess5tial = progress is t !y %\ld be inspir$ to dep5d ^u _! own ex]tions4 ,! mis] millionaire :o ho>ds 8 weal? does less injury to society ?an ! c>eless millionaire :o squ&]s 8 unwisely1 ev5 if he does s "u cov] ( ! mantle ( sacr$ *>ity4 ,! man :o gives to ! individual begg> commits a grave (f5ce1 b !re are _m societies & in/itutions solicit+ alms :i* x is none ! less injuri\s to ! community to aid4 ,^! are z corrupt+ z individual begg>s4 ,plut>*'s ,morals conta9s ?is lesson3 ,a begg> ask+ an alms ( a ,lac$aemonian1 he said3 ',well1 %\ld ,i give !e any?+1 ?\ wilt be ! great] begg>1 = he t fir/ gave !e money made !e idle1 & is ! cause ( ?is base & di%onorable way ( liv+4' ,z ,i "k !m1 !re are few millionaires1 v few inde$1 :o are cle> ( ?is s9 ( hav+ made begg>s4 ,be>+ 9 m9d ^! consid]ations1 let u endeavor to pres5t "s ( ! be/ uses to :i* a millionaire c devote ! surplus ( :i* he %\ld reg>d himself z only ! tru/ee4 ,fir/--,/&+ ap>t by itself !re is ! f\nd+ ( a univ]sity by m5 enorm\sly ri*1 su* m5 z mu/ necess>ily be few 9 any c\ntry4 ,p]haps ! greate/ sum ev] giv5 by an individual = any purpose is ! gift ( ,s5ator ,/an=d1 :o und]takes to e/abli% ^u ! ,pacific coa/1 :]e he amass$ 8 enorm\s =tune1 a complete univ]sity1 :i* is said to involve ! exp5diture ( t5 millions ( doll>s1 & ^u :i* he may be expect$ to be/[ tw5ty millions ( 8 surplus4 ,he is to be envi$4 ,a ?\s& ye>s h5ce "s orator1 speak+ 8 praise ^u ! !n cr[d$ %ores ( ! ,pacific1 may repeat ,griffi?'s eulogy ( ,wolsey1 ,9 be/[+ he 0 mo/ pr9cely3 ev] witness = him ?is great seat ( le>n+4 ,"h is a noble use ( weal?4 ,we h _m su* in/itutions1 ,hopk9s1 ,cornell1 ,pack]1 & o!rs1 b mo/ ( ^! h only be5 bequea!d1 & x is impossible to extol any man greatly = simply leav+ :at he _c take ) him4 ,coop]1 & ,pratt1 & ,/an=d1 & o!rs ( ?is class des]ve cr$it & ! admiration ( _! fell[s z mu* = ! "t & ! att5tion giv5 dur+ _! lives1 z = _! exp5diture1 ^u _! respective monum5ts4 ,we _c h ! ,pacific coa/ 9 m9d )\t recall+ ano!r important "w ( a diff]5t "* :i* has rec5tly be5 e/abli%$ !re1 ! ,lick ,obs]vatory4 ,if any millionaire be int]e/$ 9 ! ennobl+ /udy ( a/ronomy1--& !re %\ld be & w\ld be su* if !y b gave ! subject ! slighte/ att5tion1--"h is an example :i* c\ld well be foll[$1 = ! progress made 9 a/ronomical in/rum5ts & appliances is s great & cont9u\s t e few ye>s a new telescope might be judici\sly giv5 to "o ( ! obs]vatories ^u ?is cont95t1 ! la/ be+ always ! l>ge/ & ! be/1 & c]ta9 to c>ry fur!r & fur!r ! k ( ! univ]se & ( our relation to x "h ^u ! e>?4 ,z "o among _m ( ! good de$s ( ! late ,mr4 ,?aw1 ( ,pittsburg1 8 con/ant support ( ! obs]vatory !re may be m5tion$4 ,?is obs]vatory enabl$ ,pr(essor ,langley to make 8 wond]ful discov]ies4 ,! pr(essor is n[ at ! head ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 a wor?y successor to ,pr(essor ,h5ry4 ,connect$ ) him 0 ,mr4 ,bra%e>1 ( ,pittsburg1 ^: in/rum5ts are 9 mo/ ( ! pr9cipal obs]vatories ( ! _w4 ,he 0 a common millwright1 b ,mr4 ,?aw recogniz$ 8 g5ius & 0 8 ma9 support ?r\gh try+ days4 ,?is common workman has be5 made a pr(essor by "o ( ! =emo/ sci5tific bodies ( ! _w4 ,9 apply+ "p ( 8 surplus 9 aid+ ^! two n[ fam\s m51 ! millionaire ,?aw did a noble "w4 ,_! jo9t labors h br\ght great1 & are de/9$ to br+ /ill great]1 cr$it ^u _! c\ntry 9 e sci5tific c5tre ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,x is res]v$ = v few to f\nd univ]sities1 &1 inde$1 ! use = _m1 or p]haps any1 new univ]sities does n exi/4 ,m good is h5ce=? to be accompli%$ by add+ to & ext5d+ ^? 9 exi/5ce4 ,b 9 ?is dep>tm5t a wide field rema9s = ! millionaire z di/+ui%$ f ! ,croesus among milionaires4 ,! gifts to ,yale ,univ]sity h be5 _m1 b !re is pl5ty ( room = o!rs4 ,! ,s*ool ( ,f9e ,arts1 f\nd$ by ,mr4 ,/reet1 ! ,%effield ,sci5tific ,s*ool1 end[$ by ,mr4 ,%effield1 & ,pr(essor ,loomis's fund = ! obs]vatory1 are f9e examples4 ,mrs4 ,c4,j4 ,osborne's build+ = read+ & recitation to be reg>d$ ) especial pleasure z be+ ! wise gift ( a woman4 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity has n be5 =gott52 ! ,peabody ,museum1 & ! halls ( ,wells1 ,mat!ws1 & ,?ay] may be cit$4 ,sev] ,hall is wor?y ( special m5tion1 z %[+ :at a g5ius l ,ri*>dson c\ld d ) ! small sum ( a hundr$ ?\s& doll>s4 ,! ,v&]bilt ,univ]sity at ,na%ville1 ,t5nessee1 may be m5tion$ z a true product ( ! gospel ( weal?4 ,x 0 e/abli%$ by memb]s ( ! ,v&]bilt family dur+ _! lives--m>k ?is vital feature--dur+ _! lives2 = no?+ c\nts = mu* t is left by a man at 8 dea?4 ,su* funds are torn f him1 n giv5 by him4 ,if any millionaire is at a loss to "k h[ to accompli% great & indisputable good ) 8 surplus1 "h is a field :i* c nev] be fully occupi$1 = ! wants ( our univ]sities increase ) ! developm5t ( ! c\ntry4 ,second--,! result ( my own /udy ( ! "q1 ,:at is ! be/ gift :i* c be giv5 to a community8 is t a free libr>y occupies ! fir/ place1 provid$ ! community w accept & ma9ta9 x z a public in/itution1 z mu* a "p ( ! city prop]ty z its public s*ools1 &1 inde$1 an adjunct to ^!4 ,x is1 no d\bt1 possible t my own p]sonal exp]i5ce may h l$ me to value a free libr>y beyond all o!r =ms ( b5efic5ce4 ,:5 ,i 0 a boy 9 ,pittsburg1 ,colonel ,&]son1 ( ,allegh5y1--a "n ,i c nev] speak )\t feel+s ( devotional gratitude1--op5$ 8 little libr>y ( f\r hundr$ books to boys4 ,e ,saturday aft]noon he 0 9 att5dance himself at 8 h\se to ex*ange books4 ,no "o b he :o has felt x c "k ! int5se long+ ) :i* ! arrival ( ,saturday 0 await$1 t a new book might be _h4 ,my bro!r & ,mr4 ,phipps1 :o h be5 my pr9cipal bus9ess p>tn]s ?r\gh life1 %>$ ) me ,colonel ,&]son's preci\s g5]osity1 & x 0 :5 revell+ 9 ^! treasures t ,i resolv$1 if ev] weal? came to me1 t x %\ld be us$ to e/abli% free libr>ies1 t o!r poor boys might receive opportunities simil> to ^? = :i* we 7 indebt$ to t noble man4 ,great ,brita9 has be5 =emo/ 9 appreciat+ ! value ( free libr>ies = its p4 ,p>liam5t pass$ an act p]mitt+ t[ns & cities to e/abli% & ma9ta9 ^! z municipal in/itutions1 & :5ev] ! p ( any t[n or city vot$ to accept ! provisions ( ! act1 ! au?orities 7 au?oriz$ to tax ! community to ! ext5t ( "o p5ny 9 ! p\nd valuation4 ,mo/ ( ! t[ns already h free libr>ies "u ?is act4 ,_m ( ^! are ! gifts ( ri* m51 ^: funds h be5 us$ = ! build+1 & 9 "s cases = ! books also1 ! communities be+ requir$ to ma9ta9 & to develop ! libr>ies2 & to ?is feature ,i attribute mo/ ( _! usefulness4 ,an end[$ in/itution is liable to become ! prey ( a clique4 ,! public ceases to take int]e/1 9 x1 or1 r1 nev] acquires int]e/ 9 x4 ,! rule has be5 violat$ :i* requires ! recipi5ts to help !mselves4 ,ev]y?+ has be5 done = ! community in/ead ( its be+ only help$ to help itself4 ,_m free libr>ies h be5 e/abli%$ 9 our c\ntry1 b none t ,i "k ( ) su* wisdom z ! ,pratt ,libr>y1 ( ,baltimore4 ,mr4 ,pratt pres5t$ to ! city ( ,baltimore "o million doll>s1 requir+ x to pay #e p] c5t4 p] annum1 am\nt+ to fifty ?\s& doll>s p] ye>1 :i* is to be devot$ to ! ma9t5ance & developm5t ( ! libr>y & its bran*es4 ,dur+ ! la/ ye> #dcj1bag books 7 di/ribut$2 #cg1aif p ( ,baltimore are regi/]$ ^u ! books z read]s2 & x is safe to say t #cg1jjj frequ5t]s ( ! ,pratt ,libr>y are ( m value to ,baltimore1 to ! ,/ate1 & to ! c\ntry ?an all ! in]t1 lazy1 & hopelessly-poor 9 ! :ole nation4 ,& x may fur!r be safely said t1 by plac+ )9 ! rea* ( #cg1jjj aspir+ p books :i* !y 7 anxi\s to obta91 ,mr4 ,pratt has done m = ! g5u9e progress ( ! p ?an has be5 done by all ! contributions ( all ! millionaires & ri* p to help ^? :o _c help !mselves4 ,! "o wise adm9i/rator ( 8 surplus has p\r$ 8 f]tiliz+ /ream ^u soil t 0 ready to receive x & return a hundr$-fold4 ,! _m squ&]]s h n only p\r$ _! /reams into sieves :i* nev] c be fill$1--!y h done worse2 !y h p\r$ !m into /agnant sew]s t bre$ ! diseases :i* afflict ! body politic4 ,& ?is is n all4 ,! million doll>s ( :i* ,mr4 ,pratt has made s gr& a use are some?+1 b !re is some?+ great] /ill4 ,:5 ! fif? bran* libr>y 0 op5$ 9 ,baltimore1 ! speak] said3 ,:atev] may h be5 done 9 ^! f\r ye>s1 x 0 8 pleasure to ackn[l$ge t mu*1 v mu*1 0 due to ! e>ne/ int]e/1 ! wise c\ncils1 & ! practical sugge/ions ( ,mr4 ,pratt4 ,he nev] seem$ to feel t ! m]e donation ( great weal? = ! b5efit ( 8 fell[-citiz5s 0 all t w\ld be ask$ ( him1 b he wisely labor$ to make its application z compreh5sive & effective z possible4 ,?us he con/antly light5$ burd5s t 71 at times1 v heavy1 br\ght good *e] & bright sun%9e :5 cl\ds flitt$ across ! sky1 & made e (fic] & employee feel t good "w 0 appreciat$1 & loyal devotion to duty w\ld receive he>ty comm5dation4 ,?is is ! f9e/ picture ,i h ev] se5 ( any ( ! millionaire class4 ,z "h depict$1 ,mr4 ,pratt is ! ideal disciple ( ! ,gospel ( ,weal?4 ,we ne$ h no fe> t ! mass ( toil]s w fail to recognize 9 su* z he _! be/ lead]s & _! mo/ invaluable allies2 = ! problem ( pov]ty & weal?1 ( employ] & employ$1 w be practically solv$ :5ev] ! "t ( ! few is giv51 & _! weal? is adm9i/]$ dur+ _! lives1 = ! be/ good ( t portion ( ! community :i* has n be5 burd5$ by ! responsibilities :i* att5d ! possession ( weal?4 ,we %all h no antagonism betwe5 classes :5 t day comes1 = ! high & ! l[1 ! ri* & ! poor1 %all !n inde$ be bro!rs4 ,no millionaire w g f> wrong 9 8 se>* = "o ( ! be/ =ms = ! use ( 8 surplus :o *ooses to e/abli% a free libr>y 9 any community t is will+ to ma9ta9 & develop x4 ,john ,bright's words %\ld r+ 9 8 e>3 ,x is impossible = any man to be/[ a great] b5efit ^u a "y man ?an to give him access to books 9 a free libr>y4 ,closely alli$ to ! libr>y1 &1 :]e possible1 atta*$ to x1 !re %\ld be rooms = an art gall]y & museum1 & a hall = su* lectures & in/ruction z are provid$ 9 ! ,coop] ,union4 ,! travell] ^u ! ,cont95t is surpris$ to f9d t e t[n ( importance has its art gall]y & museum2 ^! may be l>ge or small1 b 9 any case ea* has a receptacle = ! treasures ( ! locality1 :i* is con/antly receiv+ valuable gifts & beque/s4 ,! free libr>y & art gall]y ( ,birm+ham are rem>kable among ^!1 & e n[ & !n a ri* man adds to _! value by pres5t+ books1 f9e pictures1 or o!r works ( art4 ,all t our cities require to beg9 ) is a prop] firepro( build+4 ,_! citiz5s :o travel w s5d to x r>e & co/ly ?+s f e qu>t] ( ! globe !y visit1 :ile ^? :o rema9 at home w give or bequea? to x ( _! treasures4 ,9 ?is way ^! collections w gr[ until our cities w ultimately be able to boa/ ( p]man5t exhibitions f :i* _! own citiz5s w d]ive incalculable b5efit1 & :i* !y w be pr\d to %[ to visitors4 ,9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art 9 ?is city we h made an excell5t beg9n+4 ,"h is ano!r av5ue = ! prop] use ( surplus weal?4 ,?ird--,we h ano!r mo/ important dep>tm5t 9 :i* great sums c be wor?ily us$1--! f\nd+ or ext5sion ( hospitals1 m$ical colleges1 laboratories1 & o!r in/itutions connect$ ) ! alleviation ( human suff]+1 & especially ) ! prev5tion r ?an ! cure ( human ills4 ,!re is no dang] ( paup]iz+ a community 9 giv+ = su* purposes1 because su* in/itutions relieve tempor>y ailm5ts or %elt] only ^? :o are hopeless invalids4 ,:at bett] gift ?an a hospital c be giv5 to a community t is )\t "o8--! gift be+ condition$ ^u its prop] ma9t5ance by ! community 9 its corporate capacity4 ,if hospital accommodation already exi/s1 no bett] me?od = us+ surplus weal? c be f\nd ?an 9 mak+ additions to x4 ,! late ,mr4 ,v&]bilt's gift ( half a million ( doll>s to ! m$ical dep>tm5t ( ,columbia ,college = a *emical laboratory 0 "o ( ! wise/ possible uses ( weal?4 ,x /rikes at ! prev5tion ( disease by p5etrat+ into its causes4 ,sev]al o!rs h e/abli%$ su* laboratories1 b ! ne$ = !m is /ill great4 ,if !re be a millionaire 9 ! l& :o is at a loss :at to d ) ! surplus t has be5 committ$ to him z tru/ee1 let him inve/igate ! good t is fl[+ f ^! *emical laboratories4 ,no m$ical college is complete )\t its laboratory4 ,z ) univ]sities1 s ) m$ical colleges2 x is n new in/itutions t are requir$1 b additional means = ! m ?or\gh equipm5t ( ^? t exi/4 ,! =ms t b5efactions to ^! may wisely take are num]\s1 b probably none is m useful ?an t adopt$ by ,mr4 ,osborne :5 he built a s*ool = tra9+ female nurses at ,bellevue ,college4 ,if f all gifts !re fl[s "o-half ( ! good t comes f ?is wise use ( a millionaire's surplus1 ! mo/ exact+ may well be satisfi$4 ,only ^? :o h pass$ ?r\gh a l+]+ & dang]\s illness c rate at _! true value ! c>e1 skill1 & att5dance ( tra9$ female nurses4 ,_! employm5t z nurses has enl>g$ ! sph]e & influ5ce ( woman4 ,x is n to be wond]$ at t a ,s5ator ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & a physician di/+ui%$ 9 ?is c\ntry = hav+ receiv$ ! highe/ di/9ctions abroad %\ld f9d _! wives f ?is class4 ,f\r?--,9 ! v front rank ( b5efactions public p>ks %\ld be plac$1 always provid$ t ! community und]takes to ma9ta91 beautify1 & pres]ve inviolate ! p>ks giv5 to x4 ,no m useful or m beautiful monum5t c be left by any man ?an a p>k = ! city 9 :i* he 0 born or 9 :i* he has long liv$1 nor c ! community pay a m graceful tribute to ! citiz5 :o pres5ts x ?an to give 8 "n to ! gift4 ,if a p>k be already provid$1 !re is /ill room = _m judici\s gifts 9 connection ) x4 ,mr4 ,phipps1 ( ,allegh5y1 has giv5 cons]vatories to ! p>k !re1 :i* are visit$ by _m e day ( ! week1 & cr[d$ by ?\s&s ( work+ p e ,sunday1 =1 ) r>e wisdom1 he has /ipulat$ z a condition ( ! gift t ! cons]vatories %all be op5 on ,sundays4 ,! result ( 8 exp]im5t has be5 s gratify+ t he is ju/ifi$ 9 add+ to !m f 8 surplus1 z he is do+ l>gely ?is ye>4 ,to any lov] ( fl[]s among ! weal?y ,i comm5d a /udy ( :at is possible = !m to d 9 ! light ( ,mr4 ,phipps's example2 & may !y please note t ,mr4 ,phipps is a wise z well z a lib]al giv]1 = he requires ! city to ma9ta9 ^! cons]vatories1 & ?us secures = !m =ev] ! public own]%ip1 ! public int]e/1 & ! public criticism ( _! managem5t4 ,_h he und]tak5 to manage & ma9ta9 !m1 x is probable t popul> int]e/ 9 ! gift w\ld nev] h be5 awak5$4 ,! p>ks & pleasure-gr\nds ( small t[ns ?r\gh\t ,europe are n less surpris+ ?an _! libr>ies1 museums1 & art gall]ies4 ,we saw no?+ m pleas+ dur+ our rec5t travels ?an ! hillside ( ,b]g51 9 ,norway4 ,x has be5 conv]t$ into "o ( ! mo/ picturesque ( pleasure-gr\nds2 f\nta9s1 cascades1 wat]-falls1 delightful arbors1 f9e t]races1 & /atues adorn :at 0 be=e a b>r5 m\nta9 side4 ,"h is a field wor?y ( /udy by ! millionaire :o w\ld conf] a la/+ b5efit ^u 8 fell[s4 ,ano!r beautiful in/ance ( ! "r use ( weal? 9 ! direction ( mak+ cities m & m attractive we f\nd 9 ,dresd54 ,! own] ( ! lead+ pap] !re bequea!d its rev5ues =ev] to ! city1 to be us$ 9 beautify+ x4 ,an art committee decides f "t to "t :at new arti/ic feature is to be introduc$ or :at hide\s feature is to be *ang$1 & z ! rev5ues accrue !y are exp5d$ 9 ?is direction4 ,?us ?r\gh ! gift ( ?is patriotic newspap] proprietor 8 native city ( ,dresd5 is fa/ becom+ "o ( ! mo/ arti/ic places ( resid5ce 9 ! :ole _w4 ,a "w hav+ be5 complet$1 x devolves ^u ! city to ma9ta9 x =ev]4 ,may ,i be excus$ if ,i comm5d to our millionaire newspap] proprietors ! example ( _! colleague 9 ! capital ( ,saxony8 ,sc>cely a city ( any magnitude 9 ! old] c\ntries is )\t _m /ructures & features ( great beauty4 ,mu* has be5 sp5t ^u ornam5t1 decoration1 & ar*itectural effect3 we are /ill f> beh9d 9 ^! ?+s ^u ?is side ( ! ,atlantic4 ,our ,republic is great 9 "s ?+s1--9 mat]ial developm5t unrivall$2 b let u always rememb] t 9 art & 9 ! f9] t\*es we h sc>cely yet tak5 a place4 ,_h ! exquisite memorial ar* rec5tly erect$ tempor>ily 9 ,new ,york be5 %[n 9 ,dresd51 ! art committee !re w\ld probably h be5 enabl$1 f ! rev5ue ( ! newspap] giv5 by its own] = j su* purposes1 to ord] its p]man5t erection to adorn ! city =ev]4 ,:ile ! be/[al ( a p>k ^u a community z "o ( ! be/ uses = surplus weal? w be univ]sally approv$1 9 embrac+ su* additions to x z cons]vatories1 or 9 advocat+ ! build+ ( memorial ar*es & works ( adornm5t1 x is probable t _m w ?9k we g too f>1 & consid] ^! some:at fanciful4 ,! mat]ial good to fl[ f !m may n be s directly visible2 b let n any practical m9d1 int5t only ^u mat]ial good1 depreciate ! value ( weal? giv5 = ^! or = k9dr$ ae/hetic purposes z be+ useless z f> z ! mass ( ! p & _! ne$s are conc]n$4 ,z ) libr>ies & museums1 s ) ^! m di/9ctively arti/ic works2 ^! p]=m _! great use :5 !y rea* ! be/ ( ! masses ( ! p4 ,x is wor? m to rea* & t\* ! s5tim5t = beauty 9 ! naturally bright m9ds ( ?is class ?an t ^? incapable ( be+ s t\*$ %\ld be p&]$ to4 ,= :at ! improv] ( ! race mu/ endeavor to d is to rea* ^? :o h ! div9e sp>k ev] s feebly develop$1 t x may be /r5g!n$ & gr[4 ,= my "p1 ,i ?9k ,mr4 ,phipps put 8 money to bett] use 9 giv+ ! work+m5 ( ,allegh5y cons]vatories fill$ ) beautiful fl[]s1 or*ids1 & aquatic plants1 :i* !y1 ) _! wives & *ildr51 c enjoy 9 _! sp>e h\rs1 & on :i* !y c fe$ ! love = ! beautiful1 ?an if he _h giv5 8 surplus money to furni% !m ) bread1 = ^? 9 heal? :o _c e>n _! bread are sc>cely wor? consid]+ by ! individual giv]2 ! c>e ( su* be+ ! duty ( ! /ate4 ,! man :o erects 9 a city a truly arti/ic ar*1 /atue1 or f\nta9 makes a wise use ( 8 surplus4 ,man does n live by bread alone4 ,fif?--,we h ano!r good use = surplus weal?1 9 provid+ = our cities halls suitable = meet+s ( all k9ds1 especially = conc]ts ( elevat+ music4 ,our cities are r>ely provid$ ) halls = ^! purposes1 be+ 9 ?is respect also v f> beh9d ,european cities4 ,! ,spr+] ,hall1 ( ,c9c9nati1 t valuable addition to ! city1 0 l>gely ! gift ( ,mr4 ,spr+]1 :o 0 n cont5t to bequea? funds f 8 e/ate at dea?1 b :o gave dur+ 8 life1 &1 9 addition1 gave--:at 0 equally important--8 "t & bus9ess ability to insure ! successful results :i* h be5 a*iev$4 ,! gift ( a hall to any city lack+ "o is an excell5t use = surplus weal? = ! good ( a community4 ,! reason :y ! p h only "o in/ructive & elevat+1 or ev5 amus+1 ent]ta9m5t :5 a doz5 w\ld be highly b5eficial1 is t ! r5t ( a hall1 ev5 :5 a suitable hall exi/s 7:i* is r>e71 is s great z to prev5t manag]s f runn+ ! risk ( f9ancial failure4 ,if e city 9 our l& own$ a hall :i* c\ld be giv5 or r5t$ = a small sum = su* ga!r+s z a committee or ! mayor ( ! city judg$ advantage\s1 ! p c\ld be furni%$ ) prop] lectures1 amusem5ts1 & conc]ts at an exce$+ly small co/4 ,! t[n halls ( ,european cities1 _m ( :i* h organs1 are ( ine/imable value to ! p1 :5 utiliz$ z !y are 9 ! mann] sugge/$4 ,let no "o und]rate ! influ5ce ( ent]ta9m5ts ( an elevat+ or ev5 ( an amus+ "*1 = ^! d mu* to make ! lives ( ! p happi] & _! natures bett]4 ,if any millionaire born 9 a small village1 :i* has n[ become a great city1 is prompt$ 9 ! day ( 8 success to d some?+ = 8 bir?place ) "p ( 8 surplus1 8 grateful remembrance _c take a =m m useful ?an t ( a public hall ) an organ1 provid$ ! city agrees to ma9ta9 & use x4 ,six?--,9 ano!r respect we are /ill mu* beh9d ,europe4 ,a =m ( b5efic5ce :i* is n uncommon !re is provid+ swimm+ ba?s = ! p4 ,! donors ( ^! h be5 wise en\gh to require ! city b5efit$ to ma9ta9 !m at its own exp5se1 & z pro( ( ! cont5tion t ev]y?+ %\ld nev] be done = any "o or = any community1 b t ! recipi5ts %\ld inv>iably be call$ ^u to d "p1 x is significant t x is f\nd ess5tial = ! popul> success ( ^! heal?ful e/abli%m5ts to exact a nom9al *>ge = _! use4 ,9 _m cities1 h[ev]1 ! s*ool *ildr5 are admitt$ free at fix$ h\rs ^u c]ta9 days1 diff]5t h\rs be+ fix$ = ! boys & ! girls to use ! great swimm+ ba?s1 h\rs or days be+ also fix$ = ! use ( ^! ba?s by ladies4 ,9 inl& cities ! "y ( bo? sexes are ?us taught to swim4 ,swimm+ clubs are organiz$1 & mat*es are frequ5t1 at :i* m$als & prizes are giv54 ,! reports publi%$ by ! v>i\s swimm+ ba?s ?r\gh\t ,great ,brita9 are fill$ ) in/ances ( lives sav$ because ^? :o =tunately escap$ %ip-wreck _h be5 taught to swim 9 ! ba?s1 & n a few in/ances are giv5 9 :i* ! pupils ( c]ta9 ba?+ e/abli%m5ts h sav$ ! lives ( o!rs4 ,if any disciple ( ! ,gospel ( ,weal? gives 8 favorite city l>ge swimm+ & private ba?s 7provid$ ! municipality und]takes _! managem5t z a city affair71 he w nev] be call$ to acc\nt = an improp] use ( ! funds intru/$ to him4 ,sev5?--,*ur*es z fields = ! use ( surplus weal? h purposely be5 res]v$ until ! la/1 because1 ^! be+ sect>ian1 e man w be gov]n$ by 8 own atta*m5ts2 !re=e gifts to *ur*es1 x may be said1 are n1 9 "o s5se1 gifts to ! community at l>ge1 b to special classes4 ,nev]!less1 e millionaire may "k ( a di/rict :]e ! little *eap1 uncom=table1 & altoge!r unwor?y wood5 /ructure /&s at ! cross-roads1 to :i* ! :ole neighborhood ga!rs on ,sunday1 & :i* is ! c5tre ( social life & s\rce ( neighborly feel+4 ,! adm9i/rator ( weal? has made a good use ( "p ( 8 surplus if he replaces t build+ ) a p]man5t /ructure ( brick1 /one1 or granite1 up ! sides ( :i* ! honeysuckle & columb9e may climb1 & f ^: t[] ! sweet-toll+ bell may s\nd4 ,! millionaire %\ld n figure h[ *eaply ?is /ructure c be built1 b h[ p]fect x c be made4 ,if he has ! money1 x %\ld be made a gem1 = ! educat+ influ5ce ( a pure & noble specim5 ( ar*itecture1 built1 z ! pyramids 7 built1 to /& = ages1 is n to be measur$ by doll>s4 ,e f>m]'s home1 he>t1 & m9d 9 ! di/rict w be influ5c$ by ! beauty & gr&eur ( ! *ur*4 ,b hav+ giv5 ! build+1 ! donor %\ld /op !re2 ! support ( ! *ur* %\ld be ^u its own p2 !re is n mu* g5u9e religion 9 ! congregation or mu* good to fl[ f ! *ur* :i* is n support$ at home4 ,_m o!r av5ues = ! wise exp5diture ( surplus weal? might be indicat$4 ,i enum]ate b a few--a v few--( ! _m fields :i* are op51 & only ^! 9 :i* great or consid]able sums c be judici\sly us$4 ,x is n ! privilege1 h[ev]1 ( millionaires alone to "w = or aid measures :i* are c]ta9 to b5efit ! community4 ,e "o :o has b a small surplus above 8 mod]ate wants may %>e ?is privilege ) 8 ri*] bro!rs1 & ^? )\t surplus c give at lea/ "p ( _! "t1 :i* is usually z important z funds1 & (t5 m s4 ,"s day1 p]haps1 ) y\r p]mission1 ,i w endeavor to po9t out "s fields & modes 9 :i* ^! may p]=m well _! "p z tru/ees ( weal?1 or leisure1 accord+ to ! measure ( _! respective =tunes4 ,x is n expect$1 nei!r is x desirable1 t !re %\ld be a g5]al concurr5ce z to ! be/ possible use ( surplus weal?4 ,= diff]5t m5 & diff]5t localities !re are diff]5t uses4 ,:at comm5ds itself m highly to ! judgm5t ( ! adm9i/rator is ! be/ use = him1 = 8 he>t %\ld be 9 ! "w4 ,x is z important 9 adm9i/]+ weal? z x is 9 any o!r bran* ( a man's "w t he %\ld be en?usia/ically devot$ to x & feel t 9 ! field select$ 8 "w lies4 ,besides ?is1 !re is room & ne$ = all k9ds ( wise b5efactions = ! common weal4 ,! man :o builds a univ]sity1 libr>y1 or laboratory p]=ms no m useful "w ?an he :o elects to devote himself & 8 surplus means to ! adornm5t ( a p>k1 ! ga!r+ toge!r ( a collection ( pictures = ! public1 or ! build+ ( a memorial ar*4 ,^! are all true labor]s 9 ! v9ey>d4 ,! only po9t requir$ by ! ,gospel ( ,weal? is t ! surplus :i* accrues f "t to "t 9 ! h&s ( man %\ld be adm9i/]$ by him 9 8 own lifetime = t purpose :i* is se5 by him1 z tru/ee1 to be be/ = ! good ( ! p4 ,to leave at dea? :at he _c take away1 & place ^u o!rs ! burd5 ( ! "w :i* x 0 8 own duty to p]=m1 is to d no?+ wor?y4 ,?is requires no sacrifice1 nor any s5se ( duty to 8 fell[s4 ,"t 0 :5 ! words conc]n+ ! ri* man ent]+ heav5 7 reg>d$ z a h>d say+4 ,today1 :5 all que/ions are prob$ to ! bottom & ! /&>ds ( fai? receiv$ ! mo/ lib]al int]pretations1 ! />tl+ v]se has be5 relegat$ to ! re>1 to await ! next k9dly revision z "o ( ^? ?+s :i* _c be q und]/ood1 b :i* mean:ile--x is c>efully to be obs]v$--are n to be und]/ood lit]ally4 ,b is x s v improbable t ! next /age ( ?\ght is n to re/ore ! doctr9e 9 all its pri/9e purity & =ce1 z be+ 9 p]fect h>mony ) s\nd ideas ^u ! subject ( weal? & pov]ty1 ! ri* & ! poor1 & ! contra/s ev]y:]e se5 & deplor$8 ,9 ,*ri/'s day1 x is evid5t1 re=m]s 7 aga9/ ! weal?y4 ,x is none ! less evid5t t we are fa/ recurr+ to t position to-day2 & !re w be no?+ to surprise ! /ud5t ( sociological developm5t if society %\ld soon approve ! text :i* has caus$ s mu* anxiety3 ,x is easi] = a camel to ent] ! eye ( a ne$le ?an = a ri* man to ent] ! ,k+dom ( ,heav54 ,ev5 if ! ne$le 7 ! small casem5t at ! gates1 ! words betok5 s]i\s difficulty = ! ri*4 ,x w be b a /ep = ! !ologian to take f ! doctr9e t he :o dies ri* dies disgrac$ to t :i* br+s ^u ! man puni%m5t or deprivation h]eaft]4 ,! ,gospel ( ,weal? b e*oes ,*ri/'s words4 ,x calls ^u ! millionaire to sell all t he ha? & give x 9 ! highe/ & be/ =m to ! poor1 by adm9i/]+ 8 e/ate himself = ! good ( 8 fell[s1 be=e he is call$ ^u to lie d[n & re/ ^u ! bosom ( ,"m ,e>?4 ,s do+1 he w approa* 8 end no long] ! ignoble ho>d] ( useless millions1 poor1 v poor inde$1 9 money1 b ri*1 v ri*1 tw5ty times a millionaire /ill1 9 ! affection1 gratitude & admiration ( 8 fell[-m51 &--sweet] f>--soo!d & su/a9$ by ! /ill small voice )91 :i*1 :isp]+1 tells him t1 because he has liv$1 p]haps "o small "p ( ! great _w has be5 bett]$ j a little4 ,?is mu* is sure3 aga9/ su* ri*es z ^! no b> w be f\nd at ! gates ( ,p>adise4 ,,! ,,idea ,,( ,a ,,popul> ,,libr>y ,! foll[+ sev5 pap]s give "s fundam5tal ideas on ! functions ( popul> libr>ies4 ,!y are arrang$ 9 *ronological ord]1 &1 s gr\p$1 span ! gap betwe5 #ahea & #aijf1 consid]ably m ?an half a c5tury4 ,! fir/ is int]e/+ z pres5t+ a discussion at ! inception ( our fir/ great public libr>y1 t ( ! city ( ,bo/on1 quot$ f ,! ,life1 ,lett]s & ,j\rnals ( ,george ,ticknor 7,bo/on1 #aiji74 ,ticknor's idea ( a popul> libr>y1 giv5 9 a lett] to ,edw>d ,ev]ett1 is foll[$ by ,ev]ett's answ]4 ,"s ( ! editor's comm5ts prec$e & conclude4 ,^? int]e/$ may read on1 9 ,*apt] ,,xv1 ,vol4 ,,ii ( ! ,life1 & get a fur!r idea ( ,ticknor's zeal 9 promot+ ! ,bo/on libr>y & 8 int]e/ 9 mak+ x z popul> z possible1 9 di/9ction to ! idea ( a libr>y solely = s*ol>s1 upheld by ,john ,jacob ,a/or1 9 8 ,new ,york gift ( ?ree ye>s previ\s1 :i* ,ev]ett r favor$4 ,george ,ticknor 0 born 9 ,bo/on1 ,aug4 #a1 #agia & graduat$ at ,d>tm\? 9 #ahjg4 ,he 0 admitt$ to ! b> 9 #ahac b devot$ 8 life *iefly to tea*+ & to lit]ature1 s]v+ z pr(essor 9 ,h>v>d 9 #ahai-ce4 ,he di$ 9 ,bo/on1 ,jan4 #bf1 #ahga4 ,a sket* ( ,ev]ett appe>s on page #abg ( ?is volume4 ,! end[m5t ( a great libr>y 9 ,new ,york1 giv5 by ,mr4 ,john ,jacob ,a/or1 at 8 dea?1 9 #ahdh1 0 mu* talk$ ab\t2 & m5 ( =eca/ began to say op5ly t1 unless some?+ ( a l "* 7 done 9 ,bo/on1 ! sci5tific & lit]>y culture ( ?is "p ( ! c\ntry w\ld foll[ trade & capital to ! metropolis1 :i* 0 ?us tak+ ! lead4 ,/ill1 no?+ effectual 0 done4 ,among ! p]sons ) :om ,mr4 ,ticknor _h1 ( late ye>s1 mo/ frequ5tly talk$ ( ! matt]1 ,dr4 ,*ann+ 0 dead1 ,mr4 ,abbott ,lawr5ce _h become ,m9i/] to ,engl&1 & ,mr4 ,jona?an ,phillips 0 gr[+ too infirm to take "p 9 public affairs4 ,! subject1 h[ev]1 kept its hold on ,mr4 ,ticknor's m9d4 ,8 idea 0 t :i* he felt lay at ! f\ndation ( all our public in/itutions1 namely1 t 9 ord] to =m & ma9ta9 our "* z a great nation1 ! mass ( ! p mu/ be intellig5t en\gh to manage _! own gov]nm5t ) wisdom2 & he came1 ?\gh n at once1 to ! conclusion t a v free use ( books1 furni%$ by an in/itution support$ at ! exp5se ( ! community1 w\ld be "o ( ! effective means = obta9+ ?is result ( g5]al culture4 ,he _h rea*$ ?is conclusion be=e he saw any probability ( its be+ practically c>ri$ out1 z is prov$ by ! foll[+ lett]1 :i* he wrote to ,mr4 ,ev]ett1 9 ! summ] ( #ahea4 ,a few mon?s be=e ?is date ,mr4 ,ev]ett _h pres5t$ to ! city--aft] (f]+ x 9 va9 m ?an once--a collection ( ab\t a ?\s& volumes ( ,public ,docum5ts1 & books ( simil> "*1 accompani$ by a lett]1 urg+ ! e/abli%m5t ( a public libr>y4 ,to ,,hon4 ,,edw>d ,,ev]ett4 ,bell[s ,falls1 ,v]mont1 ,july #ad1 #ahea4 ,,my ,,de> ,,ev]ett1--,i h se5 ) mu* gratification f "t to "t1 )9 ! la/ ye>1 & p>ticul>ly 9 y\r la/ lett] on ! subject1 t y int]e/ y\rself 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( a public libr>y 9 ,bo/on2--,i mean a libr>y op5 to all ! citiz5s1 & f :i* all1 "u prop] re/rictions1 c take out books4 ,su*1 at lea/1 ,i und]/& to be y\r plan2 & ,i h ?\ght1 m ?an once1 t ,i w\ld talk ) y ab\t x1 b accid5t has prev5t$ x4 ,h[ev]1 p]haps a lett] is z good on all acc\nts1 & bett] z a di/9ct memor&um ( :at ,i mean4 ,x has seem$ to me1 = _m ye>s1 t su* a free public libr>y1 if adapt$ to ! wants ( our p1 w\ld be ! cr[n+ glory ( our public s*ools4 ,b ,i ?9k x important t x %\ld be adapt$ to our peculi> "*2 t is1 t x %\ld come 9 at ! end ( our sy/em ( free in/ruction1 & be fitt$ to cont9ue & increase ! effects ( t sy/em by ! self-culture t results f read+4 ,! great ob/acle to ?is ) u is n--z x is 9 ,prussia & else:]e--a l[ condition ( ! mass ( ! p1 condemn+ !m1 z soon z !y escape f s*ool1 & (t5 be=e x1 to su* sev]e labor1 9 ord] to procure ! co>se/ means ( physical subsi/5ce1 t !y h no leisure = intellectual culture1 & soon lose all ta/e = x4 ,our difficulty is1 to furni% means specially fitt$ to enc\rage a love = read+1 to create an appetite = x1 :i* ! s*ools (t5 fail to d1 & !n to adapt ^! means to its gratification4 ,t an appetite = read+ c be v widely excit$ is pla91 f :at ! *eap publications ( ! la/ tw5ty ye>s h accompli%$1 gradually rais+ ! ta/e f su* poor tra% z ! novels ) :i* !y began1 up to ! excell5t & valuable works ( all sorts :i* n[ flood ! c\ntry1 & are read by ! middl+ classes ev]y:]e1 & 9 ,new ,engl&1 ,i ?9k1 ev5 by a majority ( ! p4#b ,n[ :at seems to me to be want$ 9 ,bo/on is1 an app>atus t %all c>ry ?is ta/e = read+ z deep z possible into society1 assum+1 :at ,i believe to be true1 t x c be c>ri$ deep] 9 our society ?an 9 any o!r 9 ! _w1 because we are bett] fitt$ = x4 ,to d ?is ,i w\ld e/abli% a libr>y :i*1 9 its ma9 dep>tm5t & purpose1 %\ld diff] f all free libr>ies yet attempt$2 ,i mean "o 9 :i* any popul> books1 t5d+ to moral & intellectual improvem5t1 %\ld be furni%$ 9 su* numb]s ( copies t _m p]sons1 if !y desir$ x1 c\ld be read+ ! same "w at ! same "t2 9 %ort1 t n only ! be/ books ( all sorts1 b ! pleasant lit]ature ( ! day1 %\ld be made accessible to ! :ole p at ! only "t :5 !y c>e = x1 i4e4 :5 x is fre% & new4 ,i w\ld1 !re=e1 cont9ue to buy additional copies ( any book ( ?is class1 almo/ z long z !y %\ld cont9ue to be ask$ =1 & ?us1 by foll[+ ! popul> ta/e1--unless x %\ld dem& some?+ injuri\s1--create a real appetite = heal?y g5]al read+4 ,?is appetite1 once =m$1 w take c>e ( itself4 ,x w1 9 ! great majority ( cases1 dem& bett] & bett] books2 & c1 ,i believe1 by a little judici\s help1 r ?an by any direct control or re/ra9t1 be c>ri$ mu* high] ?an is g5]ally ?\ght possible4 #b ,mr4 ,ticknor 0 mu* /ruck by ! publication ( a *eap edition ( ,johns' ,translation ( ,froiss>t1 by ! ,h>p]s1 ( :i* he f\nd a copy 9 a small inn ( a retir$ village ( s\!rn ,new ,york1 9 #ahdd2 & he always wat*$ ! signs ( popul> ta/e1 bo? 9 publi%]s' li/s & 9 ! book%elves ( ! h\ses :i* he ent]$1 9 8 summ] j\rneys1 or 9 8 err&s ( bus9ess & *>ity 9 ! w9t]4 ,aft] "s details1 ( no pres5t consequ5ce1 develop+ ?is idea1 ! lett] goes on3-- ,nor w\ld ,i1 on ?is plan1 neglect ! e/abli%m5t ( a dep>tm5t = consultation1 & = all ! common purposes ( public libr>ies1 "s ( ^: books1 l encyclopa$ias & diction>ies1 %\ld nev] be l5t out1 :ile o!rs c\ld be p]mitt$ to circulate2 all on ! %elves be+ accessible = ref]5ce z _m h\rs 9 ! day z possible1 & always 9 ! ev5+4 ,?is "p ( ! libr>y1 ,i %\ld hope1 w\ld be mu* increas$ by donations f public-spirit$ individuals1 & individuals int]e/$ 9 ! progress ( k1 :ile1 ,i ?9k1 ! public treasury %\ld provide = ! m popul> dep>tm5t4 ,intimations ( ! want ( su* public facilities = read+ are1 ,i ?9k1 beg9n+ to be giv54 ,9 ,london ,i notice adv]tisem5ts ( "s ( ! l>g] circulat+ libr>ies1 t !y pur*ase "o & two hundr$ copies ( all new & popul> works2 & 9 ,bo/on1 ,i am told1 "s ( our own circulat+ libr>ies w pur*ase almo/ any new book1 if ! p]son ask+ = x w agree to pay d\ble ! usual fee = read+ x2 :ile 9 all1 ,i ?9k1 sev]al1 & sometimes _m copies ( new & popul> works are kept on h& = a "t1 & !n sold1 z ! dem& = !m dies away4 ,omitt+ o!r details1 n[ ( no importance1 ! lett] ends z foll[s3-- ,sev]al ye>s ago ,i propos$ to ,mr4 ,abbott ,lawr5ce to move 9 favor ( su* a libr>y 9 ,bo/on2 &1 s9ce t "t1 ,i h occasionally sugge/$ x to o!r p]sons4 ,9 e case ! idea has be5 well receiv$2 & ! m ,i h ?\ght ( x & talk$ ab\t x1 ! m ,i h be5 p]suad$1 t x is a plan easy to be r$uc$ to practice1 & "o t w\ld be foll[$ by valuable results4 ,i wi%1 !re=e1 t y w\ld consid] x1 & see :at objections !re are to x4 ,i h no purpose to d any?+ m ab\t x myself ?an to write y ?is lett]1 & cont9ue to speak ( x1 z ,i h done h]et(ore1 to p]sons :o1 l y\rself1 are int]e/$ 9 su* matt]s4 ,b ,i %\ld be well pleas$ to "k h[ x /rikes y4 ,to ?is lett] ,mr4 ,ev]ett repli$ z foll[s3-- ,,cambridge1 ,july #bf1 #ahea4 ,,my ,,de> ,,ticknor1--,i duly receiv$ y\r lett] ( ! #ad? f ,bell[s ,falls1 & read x ) great int]e/4 ,! ext5sive circulation ( new & popul> works is a feature ( a public libr>y :i* ,i h n hi!rto mu* contemplat$4 ,x des]ves to be well weigh$1 & ,i %all be happy h]eaft] to conf] ) y on ! subject4 ,i _c d5y t my views h1 s9ce my y\ng] days1 und]gone "s *ange z to ! practicability ( freely loan+ books at home f l>ge public libr>ies4 ,^? :o h be5 connect$ ) ! adm9i/ration ( su* libr>ies are apt to get disc\rag$1 by ! loss & damage result+ f ! loan ( books4 ,my pres5t impressions are 9 favor ( mak+ ! ample/ provision 9 ! libr>y = ! use ( books !re4 ,y\r plan1 h[ev]1 is int5d$ to apply only to a p>ticul> class ( books1 & does n contemplate ! unre/ra9$ circulation ( ^? ( :i* ! loss c\ld n be easily replac$4 ,t ,bo/on mu/ h a great public libr>y1 or yield to ,new ,york 9 lett]s z well z 9 comm]ce1 w1 ,i ?9k1 be made q app>5t 9 a few ye>s4 ,b on ?is & o!r simil> subjects ,i hope to h _m opportunities ( conf]r+ ) y next w9t]4 ,! diff]5ce ( op9ion1 "h made evid5t1 z to ! possibility or safety ( all[+ books to circulate freely1 0 n remov$ by _m subsequ5t conv]sations1 nor 7 ! hopes ( ei!r ( ! g5tlem51 ) reg>d to ! e/abli%m5t ( a great libr>y1 rais$ ev5 :51 9 ! e>ly "p ( #aheb1 ! mayor1 ,mr4 ,seav]1 recomm5d$ t /eps be tak5 = su* an object1 & ! ,common ,c\ncil1 presid$ ov] by ,mr4 ,james ,lawr5ce1 propos$ t a bo>d ( tru/ees = su* an in/itution %\ld be appo9t$4 ,:51 !re=e1 bo? ,mr4 ,ev]ett & ,mr4 ,ticknor--! latt] greatly to 8 surprise--7 invit$ to become memb]s ( ?is bo>d1 !y conf]r$ toge!r anew on ! project2 &1 al?\gh ! mayor1 on he>+ ,mr4 ,ticknor's views1 0 mu* pleas$ ) !m1 & urg$ him to take ! place1 yet he at "o "t det]m9$ to decl9e ! (fice1 c]ta9ly unless ! libr>y 7 to be op5 = ! free circulation ( mo/ ( its books1 & unless x 7 to be d$icat$1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 r to satisfy+ ! wants ( ! less favor$ classes ( ! community1 ?an--l all public libr>ies !n 9 exi/5ce--to satisfy+ ! wants ( s*ol>s1 m5 ( sci5ce1 & cultivat$ m5 g5]ally4 ,,! ,,function ,,( ,a ,,t[n ,,libr>y ,ne>ly a qu>t]-c5tury elaps$ aft] ,ticknor's lett]1 j quot$1 be=e ! publication 9 book =m ( ,josiah ,p4 ,qu9cy's ,protection ( ,majorities & ,o!r ,essays 7,bo/on1 #ahge71 ( :i* collection 8 pap] on ! function ( a t[n libr>y =ms a "p4 ,z /at$ 9 8 introduction1 x appe>$ orig9ally 9 ,old & ,new1 a magaz9e already ext9ct :5 t introduction 0 p5n$4 ,:ile ass]t+ z /rongly z ,mr4 ,ticknor 8 belief 9 mak+ a libr>y popul>1 ! writ] d5ies t 8 belief ju/ifies ! inclusion ( fiction4 ,8 position seems to be t1 praisewor?y z mu* ( x is1 fiction %\ld n be suppli$ to ! public f ! public funds4 ,! pres5t attitude1 t ?is is a matt] to be settl$ by ! public itself1 is repudiat$ 9 set t]ms & ) some:at picturesque illu/rations1 by ,mr4 ,qu9cy4 ,8 /alw>t advocacy ( ! libr>y z a supplem5t to ! s*ool is :at ju/ifies ! inclusion ( 8 pap] 9 ?is collection4 ,^? :o desire to foll[ ,mr4 ,qu9cy a little f>!r may read ! next pap] 9 ! above-nam$ collection entitl$ ,! ,abuse ( ,read+4 ,josiah ,phillips ,qu9cy 0 born 9 ,bo/on1 ,nov4 #bh1 #ahbi & graduat$ at ,h>v>d 9 #ahej1 ! son ( ! /atesman ,josiah ,qu9cy :o 0 also presid5t ( ,h>v>d4 ,he 0 admitt$ to ! b> 9 #ahed1 b aft]w>d engag$ 9 bus9ess & 9 f>m+1 also writ+ freely on civic & economic subjects4 ,?is is a "o-sid$ pap]4 ,some?+ might be said on ! o!r side2 b1 z t is ! popul> side1 x is likely to receive full ju/ice4 ,9 behalf ( an unconv]t$ m9ority1 :o %\ld be repres5t$ ?r\gh ! press1 if n[h]e else1 ,i desire to regi/] a diss5t f ! prevail+ op9ion conc]n+ ! function ( libr>ies su/a9$ by ! taxation ( t[ns & small municipalities4 ,! importance ( /imulat+ ?\ght ^u subjects be>+ ev] s remotely ^u our fiscal requirem5ts1 ,i conceive to be f> great] ?an may sup]ficially appe>4 ,= :5 ! mass ( our p cle>ly compreh5d :at gov]nm5t %\ld n be call$ ^u to d = !m1 !y w insi/ ^u its p]=m+ duties :i* are manife/ly )9 its sph]e ( action4 ,labor+ m5 & wom5 are to-day suff]+ f ! adult]ation ( _! food & dr9k1 & f a sy/em ( taxation :i* oppresses !m ) weighty & unju/ burd5s4 ,_! deliv]ance c only come by dismiss+ legislators :o are disciples ( :at may be call$ ! ,todg]s s*ool ( economy2 t rem>kable matron1 z ,dick5s tells u1 c>+ little = ! solid su/5ance ( h] bo>d]s1 provid$ ! gravy 0 abundant & satisfactory4 ,^u :at pr9ciple c ! citiz51 :o ?9ks be=e he ca/s 8 ballot1 ju/ify himself 9 vot+ increas$ taxes ^u 8 neighbors = ! purpose ( e/abli%+ a libr>y8 ,he mu/ assume ! necessity ( public s*ools1 & !n argue t he may vote = a libr>y t w supplem5t ! elem5t>y in/ruction :i* ! t[n provides4 ,& ! ju/ification is ample4 ,if our s*ools are s conduct$ z to awak5 a ta/e = k & give a correct me?od 9 ,engli% read+1 ! t[n libr>y may repres5t ! univ]sity br\ght to e man's door4 ,b suppose a l>ge portion ( ! funds tak5 f tax-pay]s is devot$ to circulat+ ephem]al works ( m]e amusem5t4 ,is x n z mon/r\s = me to vote to tax my neighbor to furni% ! boys & girls ) ,a ,t]rible ,tribulation1 or ,lady ,s-&-,s's ,/ruggle1 z x w\ld be = ! purpose ( provid+ !m ) free tickets to witness ,article #dg or ,! ,black ,crook8 ,^! romances & dramas 7to repres5t !m 9 ! mo/ favorable po9t ( view7 are evanesc5t productions1 design$ to meet ! m>ket dem& = ! int5se & spasmodic4 ,_! claims to patronage f ! public purse are precisely simil>4 ,s f>1 ! citiz5 has a "r to object z a tax-pay]4 ,b1 if he 7 truly solicit\s = ! welf>e ( ! community ab\t him1 ! prote/ might be f> deep]4 ,= ! weak spot 9 our s*ool sy/em lies j "h3 :ile claim+ imm5se cr$it = giv+ mo/ ( our *ildr5 ! ability to read1 we %[ ! pr(\nde/ indiff]5ce ab\t :at !y read4 ,b ?is accompli%m5t ( read+ is a v d\btful good if x goes no f>!r ?an to give a boy ! satisfaction ( p]us+ ,! ,police ,gazette1 or introduces a girl to ! immoralities ( ,mr4 ,griffi? ,gaunt1 & ! adv5tures ( a hundr$ o!r h]oes ( *>act]s ev5 m que/ionable4 ,by tea*+ our *ildr5 to read1 & !n sett+ !m adrift 9 a sea ( fev]i% lit]ature :i* vitiates ! ta/e & en]vates ! "*1 we %[ an indiff]5ce ab\t z s5sible z t ( ! old lady :o ?\ght x c\ld n matt] :e!r h] son _h gone to ! bosom ( ,abraham or ,beelzebub1 see+ t !y 7 bo? ,scripture names4 ,x is n difficult to conceive ( communities1 exi/+ 9 ,gre5l& or else:]e1 :i* might legitimately tax ! citiz5 to furni% 8 neighbors ) _! novel-read+4 ,b x c sc>cely be disput$ t an increas$ facility = obta9+ works ( fiction is n ! press+ ne$ ( our c\ntry 9 ?is pres5t ye> ( grace4 ,dr4 ,isaac ,ray1 p]haps our highe/ au?ority on morbid m5tal ph5om5a1 concludes 8 /udy on ! effects ( ! preval5t romantic lit]ature 9 ^! words3 ,! specific doctr9e ,i w\ld inculcate is1 t ! excessive indulg5ce 9 novel-read+1 :i* is a *>act]i/ic ( our times1 is *>geable ) _m ( ! m5tal irregul>ities t prevail among u 9 a degree unkn[n at any =m] p]iod4 ,! late ,dr4 ,=bes ,w9sl[1 a physician ( simil> note 9 ,engl&1 us$ /ill /rong] language 9 describ+ h[ fe>fully & fatally sugge/ive to ! m9ds ( ! "y are ^? arti/ically develop$ records ( s9 :i* =m ! /aple ( ! popul> novel4 ,9 ^! days ( disord]$ n]ve c5tres1 & commissions to inquire into e ?+1 we neglect mu* valuable in=mation :i* lies ^u ! surface4 ,x is well to be> 9 m9d t our em95t bibliograph]1 ,mr4 ,sp(=d1 has in=m$ u t masses ( novels & o!r ephem]al publications ov]load mo/ ( our popul> libr>ies2 & t our wise/ physicians h agre$ z to ! influ5ce !y ex]t4 ,( c\rse ^! views w be met by a brusque /atem5t t t[n libr>ies mu/ supply su* books z p want1 & t !y dem& ! curr5t novels 9 unlimit$ quantities4 ,b ,i repudiate ! dismal fallacy ^u :i* su* an argum5t is bas$4 ,plum-cake & *ampagne w\ld d\btless be dem&$ at a ,sunday-s*ool picnic1 7 ^! delicacies plac$ ^u ! table2 b1 if ! committee did n ?9k x necess>y to supply !m f ! p>i% funds1 is x c]ta9 t a fair am\nt ( cold beef & ha/y-pudd+ w\ld n be consum$ 9 _! /ead8 ,& if a he>tless man-gov]nm5t decl9$ to furni% ,maggie & ,mollie ) ,! ,pirate's ,p5ance or ,! ,bride's ,bigamy = _! ,sabba? read+1 is x n possible t ^? fair vot]s ( ! future might sub/itute ,mrs4 ,fawcett's int]e/+ illu/rations ( political economy1 or "s outl9e ( human physiology1 _! k ( :i* w\ld bless an unborn g5]ation8 ,i d n advocate ! absurdity ( a t[n libr>y :i* %\ld *iefly consi/ ( au?ors l ,plato & ,pr(essor ,peirce4 ,no "o c d\bt t ! great majority ( its volumes %\ld be emphatically popul> 9 _! "*4 ,!y %\ld furni% intelligible & int]e/+ read+ to ! av]age graduate ( ! t[n s*ools4 ,& !re is no lack ( su* works4 ,! outl9es ( physical & social sci5ce h be5 writt5 by m5 ( g5ius 9 simple & attractive /yle4 ,hi/ory & biography 9 ! h&s ( _! ma/]s give a heal?y /imulus to ! imag9ation1 & t5d to /r5g!n ! "*4 ,! function ( a t[n libr>y %\ld be to supply read+ improv+ & int]e/+1 & yet1 9 ! be/ s5se ( ! ^w1 popul>2 & ,i ma9ta9 t ?is c be done1 )\t sett+ up a rival ag5cy to ! news-/&1 ! book-club1 & ! weekly pap]1 = ! circulation ( ! novels ( ! day4 ,!re is a say+ ( ,dr4 ,johnson1 to ! effect1 t1 if a boy be let loose 9 a libr>y1 he is likely to give himself a v fair education4 ,b1 9 accept+ ?is dictum1 we mu/ rememb] ! sort ( libr>y ! doctor _h 9 8 m9d4 ,z kn[n to him1 x 0 bas$ ^u solid volumes ( sy/ematiz$ in=mation4 ,besides ^! 7 ! noble/ poems ( ! _w1 a v few great romances1 & pond]\s tomes ( controv]sial !ology2 good1 heal?y food1 & mu* ( x attractive to an unpamp]$ boy-appetite4 ,b ! range ( a l>ge libr>y is by no means necess>y to produce ! s\nde/ educational results4 ,c x be d\bt$ t famili> k ( a small case ( well-select$ books--su*1 = in/ance1 z ! mode/ /ip5d ( a c\ntry cl]gyman easily collects--is bett] = boy & girl ?an ! lib]ty ( dev\r+ a ?\s& highly-flavor$ sweets 9 ! free libr>y8 ,at all ev5ts1 a few old-fa%ion$ p d n "q x4 ,a ye> ago1 writes "o ( !m1 ,alice us$ to read ,irv+ & ,sp5s]1 & ,tom 0 dipp+ into ,gibbon & ,%akespe>e2 lik+ !m well en\gh1 yet pref]r+ a game ( base-ball to ei!r1 z x 0 prop] he %\ld4 ,b ! t[n libr>y 0 op5$1 & ^! "y p are f\nd cr\*+ ov] novels 9 out-(-!-way corn]s1 :5 !y ought to be at play2 or read+ surreptiti\sly at night1 :5 !y ought to be asleep4 ,x is 9 va9 to ?r[ all ! responsibility ^u p>5ts4 ,am]ican p>5ts are v busy1 & some:at c>eless4 ,mrs4 ,fanny ,firefly's highly-season$ love-/ories = girls1 & ,mr4 ,samuel ,s5sation's boy-novels & spic$ prep>ations ( bon$ hi/ory1 are got up1 l ! port-w9e drops ( ! confection]s1 to tempt & to sell4 ,& !y d _! "w4 ,no "o c exam9e ! av]age boy & girl ( ! p]iod )\t be+ /ruck ) _! ignorance ( ! great works ( ,engli% lit]ature :i* "y p ( a =m] g5]ation 7 accu/om$ to read ) pr(it & delight4 ,! function ( a t[n libr>y is to supplem5t ! t[n s*ools2 to gratify ! ta/e = k :i* !y %\ld h imp>t$2 & to s]ve z an in/rum5t = t self-education to :i* !re is no limit4 ,b tax-pay]s are n b\nd to circulate tw5ty-sev5 ?\s& novels aga9/ n9ete5 hundr$ volumes ( biography & sev5te5 hundr$ ( hi/ory1 accord+ to ! figures ( "o report2 or to exp5d two-?irds ( ! work+ =ce ( _! e/abli%m5t 9 s5d+ out novels & juv5iles1 accord+ to ! /atem5t ( ano!r4 ,9 a ^w1 in=mation1 n excitem5t1 %\ld be imbib$ f ! atmosph]e ( ! t[n libr>y4 ,t prevail+ infirmity ( our "t :i* seems to sub/itute s5sibility = morality %\ld !re f9d small enc\ragem5t4 ,b we %all nev] "k :at ?is in/itution might d = a community1 s long z ! temptation ( free novels is ?ru/ 9 ! faces ( all :o ent]4 ,= x is n to be expect$ t our y\? fre% f s*ool1 mov+ among ! c\ntless agitations ( ,am]ican life1 w select read+ t may require "s m5tal ex]tion1 s long z m5tal excitem5t is (f]$ !m 9 unlimit$ am\nts4 ,i am well aw>e h[ mu* may be said = ! /ory-tell]s1 & h[ _m p !re are to say x2 &1 :5ev] !re is dang] ( _! be+ unduly neglect$1 my voice %all be l\dly rais$ 9 _! behalf4 ,b "o may all[ ! claims ( ! romances1 f ,s*eh]azade to ,mrs4 ,s\?wor?1 & yet ma9ta9 t ! !ory ^u :i* ! av]age t[n libr>y is run is faulty4 ,!re is no virtue 9 despis+ cakes & ale1 & ! heat ( g+] 9 ! m\? may at times imp>t a :olesome gl[ to ! entire sy/em4 ,b x does n q foll[ t x is ! function ( ,am]ican t[ns to supply ^! /imulants gratis1 at ! exp5se ( _! tax-pay]s4 ,:ile we consid] ! imm5se am\nt ( read+ ( a c]ta9 sort t a t[n libr>y supplies1 x is well to rememb] t !re are o!r sorts ( read+ x may possibly prev5t4 ,= x may enc\rage read+ precisely z prodigality enc\rages indu/ry4 ,luxury & pr(usion d inde$ fe$ indu/ry1 & demoralize x2 b ! indu/ry :i* s]ves ,god by bless+ man1 !y prev5t f be+ f$4 ,i fe> t 9 ^! days m noble capacities die ( a surfeit f too mu* poor read+1 ?an />ve f want ( good books4 ,! valid def5ce ( in/itutions work+ 9 ! int]e/ ( ,/ate education is ?is3 !y prev5t a wa/e ( p[]4 ,:5 any "o ( !m c be %[n to enc\rage wa/e ( p[]1 x ne$s look+ aft]4 ,9 our complex social condition1 ! real consequ5ces ( any gov]nm5t int]f]5ce ext5d f> beyond its app>5t consequ5ces4 ,an in/itution may be v useful up to a c]ta9 po9t1 & yet hurtful if all[$ to run its full c\rse )\t re/ra9+ criticism4 ,! manag]s ( our small] libr>ies are apt to be pick$ m51 :o give unrequit$ labor & intellig5ce to _! tru/4 ,b !y are *os5 at t[n meet+s1--& to a c]ta9 ext5t mu/ c>ry out ! wi%es ( _! electors4 ,^u ?is matt]1 z ^u mo/ o!rs1 x is ! duty ( ! ?\ghtful m5 & wom5 to create a :olesome public op9ion4 ,!y mu/ recognize ! fact t ! *ange f a few good books to an unlimit$ supply ( all sorts ( books is by no means an unmix$ advantage to a community4 ,:ile ! results ( t[n libr>ies1 tak5 9 ! aggregate1 are und\bt$ly good1 x is our duty to consid] :e!r !y ought n to be bett]4 ,,! ,,free ,,public ,,libr>y ,! public libr>y _h n[ pass$ ! p]iod ( ! m]ely academic advocacy exemplifi$ 9 ! ,ticknor lett] ( #ahea4 ,x 0 an actual1 function+ in/itution1 & z su* 0 call$ ^u to answ] criticism & to ju/ify its exi/5ce4 ,! atmosph]e ( apologetics beg9s to appe> 9 :at its fri5ds h to say ab\t x4 ,?is is evid5t 9 ! extract f ,col4 ,higg9son's ,m5 & ,wom5 7,new ,york1 #ahhh7 :i* imm$iately foll[s4 ,! au?or's comp>ison ( ! evolution ( a libr>y ) t ( a great railroad sy/em is p]haps ! fir/ h9t ( a compreh5sive vision ( ! libr>y z some?+ bigg] ?an any individual t[n or city in/itution & beyond x4 ,?omas ,w5twor? ,higg9son 0 born 9 ,cambridge1 ,mass41 ,dec4 #bb1 #ahbc1 & graduat$ at ,h>v>d 9 #ahda4 ,he ent]$ ! m9i/ry 9 #ahdg b retir$ 9 #aheh & s]v$ 9 ! ,civil ,w>4 ,f t "t until 8 dea?1 ,may #i1 #aiaa1 he devot$ himself to lit]ature1 publi%+ a l>ge numb] ( books4 ,j z !re is a good deal ( anxiety wa/$ 9 reg>d to our free public s*ools1 especially on ! "p ( ^? :o h nev] ent]$ !m1 s !re is "s misplac$ solicitude 9 reg>d to our libr>ies4 ,! free t[n or city libr>y is "o ( ! few ?+s 9 our democratic society t w\ld h pleas$ ! spl5etic ,c>lyle1 :o m\rn$ 9 "o ( 8 e>ly lett]s t e village 9 ,engl& _h its jail1 b none its op5 libr>y4 ,x is a pity1 !re=e1 :5 a man ( high /&+ & great influ5ce writes ( ^! in/itutions ?us ha/ily 7,i take ! passage f a well-kn[n lit]>y j\rnal73 ,among ! =ms ( b5efic5ce = :i* our own g5]ation has be5 conspicu\s is ! ,free ,libr>y4444 ,b x is1 ,i appreh5d1 no exagg]ation to say t su* well-meant g5]osity has (t5] ?an o!rwise 7! italics are my own7 be5 *ill$ & disc\rag$ by its results4 ,appreciative read]s are few1 ! be/ books are l>gely let alone1 & ! co/ ( ! 'plant' & ! ta/e :i* are put into x are (t5 9 mo/ pa9ful contra/ to ! appreciation :i* !y h receiv$4 ,n[1 :ile e c\nt ( ?is la/ s5t5ce may be true indictm5t1 x is easy to %[ h[ little x su/a9s ! v]dict4 ,appreciative read]s are few 9 ! mo/ cultivat$ circles1 if _! appreciation mu/ be te/$ by ! be/ books only4 ,x is n easy ev5 to "k :at ! be/ books are1 if we may judge by ! tiresome failures 9 mak+ out ! li/ ( !m2 & suppose t !y 7 kn[n1 d we f9d _m cl]gym5 or bi%ops :o habitually read ,plato1 ,aes*ylus1 & ,dante1 r ?an ,b5-,hur or ,! lady or ! tig]8 ,x does n !re=e foll[ t p are unwor?y ( public libr>ies because ! be/ books are l>gely let alone2 ! "q is :e!r ev5 ! second be/ may n be good read+4 ,we h ! m$ical au?ority ( ,hippocrates = say+ t ! second be/ m$ic9e may be bett] ?an ! be/1 if ! pati5t likes x be/4 ,s 9 reg>d to ! f9e build+s1 ! success ( republican gov]nm5t happily does n dep5d on h[ f> our citiz5s appreciate ! ar*itecture ( ! ,capitol at ,wa%+ton & ! ,/ate ,h\se at ,albany2 & x is surely ! same ) libr>ies4 ,grant a few ov]-f9e libr>y build+s1 built to please "s private b5efactor2 grant a few mismanag$ public libr>ies--?\gh :]e ^! build+s or ^! libr>ies are ,i d n myself "k--does ! k9dly writ] ( ^! l9es mean to be und]/ood z say+ t (t5] ?an o!rwise our free public libr>ies are failures8 ,if he does1 x c only be said t ?is rem>k adds ano!r to ! innum]able illu/rations ( t invaluable rem>k ( ,col]idge t we mu/ take e man's te/imony to ! value ( t :i* he does n "k4 ,all exp]i5ce %[s h[ easy x is to con/ruct an in/itution out ( "o's own consci\sness & !n condemn x2 we see ?is daily 9 :at is writt5 ( our public s*ool sy/em4 ,9 ,g5]al ,butl]'s brief c>e] z ,gov]nor ( ,massa*usetts he made a sev]e attack ^u ! ,normal ,art ,s*ool 9 ,bo/on1 & cit$ a pa!tic in/ance ( a fall5 girl :o und\bt$ly 7z he urg$7 receiv$ h] fir/ demoralization f ! /udy ( ! nude 9 t s*ool4 ,x turn$ out on inve/igation t he himself _h nev] ent]$ ! s*ool1 & t ! "y girl h]self made no su* *>ges2 t !re nev] _h be5 any /udy+ f nude models 9 ! s*ool2 t %e _h att5d$ x b a mon? or two1 & ?is 9 its e>ly days1 :5 x did n possess s mu* z a pla/] ca/ ( a human foot or h&4 ,no matt]2 ! *>ge 0 reit]at$ up to ! v end ( ,8 ,excell5cy's c>e] 9 (fice1 & is believ$ by _m wor?y p ( ?is day4 ,x is equally easy to br+ g5]al *>ges aga9/ public libr>ies1 & equally h>d to remove _! impression1 h[ev] unju/ & ev5 cruel !y may be4 ,:at are ! facts8 ,!re has j be5 a great ,libr>ians' ,conv5tion assembl$ f all p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 & keep+ toge!r = _m days4 ,did a s+le speak] at t ,conv5tion take ! gr\nd t (t5] ?an o!rwise ! b5efactors ( public libr>ies 7 *ill$ & disc\rag$8 ,on ! contr>y1 x 0 report$ t su* b5efactors 7 nev] s active1 & _! b5efactions 7 nev] s l>ge4 ,! tone 0 n "o ( disc\ragem5t1 b ( buoyancy & hope4 ,e "o admitt$ ! va/ness ( ! educational eng9e creat$ by ! free libr>y sy/em2 e "o _h 8 own sugge/ion by way ( improvem5t or developm5t1 b e "o express$ a cordial fai? 9 ! community1 & report$ enc\ragem5t 9 all "w well done4 ,! simple tru? is t ! creation ( a sy/em ( su* libr>ies is l ! creation ( a great railway sy/em2 x mu/ be an evolution1 n a creation outright4 ,! wise/ libr>ian 9 ,am]ica fifty ye>s ago _h no m conception ( ! free libr>y sy/em ( to-day ?an _h ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 ( our po/al me?ods2 nor c any "o n[ =esee :at fifty ye>s ( developm5t w d = ei!r4 ,! tru? is t e /ep 9 any great organization br+s out new possibilities1 new dang]s1 & new res\rces4 ,side by side ) ! p]ils ( free libr>ies--z ( too mu* light read+1 & ! abs5ce ( prop] appreciation ( ! be/ ?+s--!re are evok$ res\rces to meet ^! dang]s4 ,outside ! libr>y !re come up ! association to promote /udy at home1 & ! va/ ,*autauqua read+ circles--all ^! be+ ess5tially bas$ on ! free libr>y sy/em1 & imply+ x = _! full developm5t4 ,inside ! libr>y !re gr[ up su* me?ods z ^? ( ,mr4 ,s4,s4 ,gre51 ,city ,libr>ian ( ,worce/]1 ,massa*usetts1 ^: ways ( mak+ su* an in/itution useful to all sorts & conditions ( ! p may take rank ) ,r[l& ,hill's improvem5ts 9 po/al s]vice1 z to _! results on democratic civilization4 ,he has succe$$ 9 l9k+ ! libr>y & ! public s*ools s closely t he & ! tea*]s act+ 9 concurr5ce1 indirectly control ! read+ ( ! :ole g5]ation t is gr[+ up 9 t city4 ,! details mu/ be s\ght 9 8 reports--z1 = in/ance1 "o f ! ,libr>y ,j\rnal ( ,m>*1 #ahhg1 :i* is pr9t$ z a leaflet2 b ! ess5tial ?+ 9 manag+ libr>ies1 z 9 manag+ s*ools1 is to h fai? 9 ! community 9 :i* "o lives1 & to believe t p d1 z ! ,scripture has x1 covet e>ne/ly ! be/ gifts1 if y w only %[ !m h[ ^? be/ gifts are to be obta9$4 ,put into s*ool & libr>y me?ods "o-half ! organiz+ ability br\ght to be> on railways & telegraphs1 & we %all /& a/oni%$ at ! results )9 our rea*4 ,^? already atta9$1 if fairly look$ at1 are suffici5t to enc\rage any "o4 ,! writ] has at two diff]5t times & 9 two diff]5t ,/ates be5 a director 9 ^! in/itutions4 ,:5ev] he ne$$ a little /imulus t[>d do+ 8 duty x 0 8 cu/om to g & look ov] ! rack conta9+ ! books lately br\ght back by read]s4 ,) all necess>y d$uction = ! love ( fiction--a love %>$ 9 ^! days by ! wise/ & be/--! proportion ( s5sible & useful read+ 0 always su* z to v9dicate ! imm5se value ( ! free public libr>ies4 ,,two ,,fundam5tals ,m>y ,salome ,cutl]1 n[ ,mrs4 ,milton ,fair*ild1 is ! fir/ libr>ian to be quot$ 9 ?is symposium4 ,a sket* ( h] appe>s 9 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ( ?is s]ies4 ,9 ! p>agraphs quot$ bel[ :i* =m "p ( a pap] read by ,miss ,cutl]1 !n vice-director ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,libr>y ,s*ool1 be=e ! ,p5nsylvania ,libr>y ,club & pr9t$ 9 ,! ,libr>y ,j\rnal 7,octob]1 #ahif71 appe>s a def9ite recognition ( ! social "* ( ! libr>y's task4 ,h] two fundam5tals--organization & human feel+s--are bo? decid$ elem5ts 9 its socialization4 ,9 consid]+ libr>y int]e/s we d well1 ,i ?9k1 n to conf9e ourselves to ! limit$ range ( libr>y subjects4 ,t my/]i\s ?+ :i* we call society is gr[+ m complex1 e "p m curi\sly int]tw9$ ) e o!r "p1 ea* human life be>+ "s relation to e o!r human life4 ,:e!r he w or no1 x is lit]ally true t no man live? to himself alone4 ,if x 7 possible1 !n1 z a "p ( ?is organism to discov] "s ( ! laws :i* gov]n ! :ole1 we might come back to our special doma9 ) an application ( ! laws :i* w\ld h ! =ce ( fre%ness4 ,i believe t we ga9 an insight into ^! controll+ pr9ciples only by yield+ to ! t5d5cy ( solid>ity1 by op5+ ourselves to surr\nd+ influ5ces1 by liv+ ! fulle/ life ( :i* we are capable4 ,i ?9k ,i h se5 ! work+s ( two ( ^! laws :i* h a close relation to ea* o!r4 ,if ,i am "r y\r exp]i5ce w confirm m9e1 & we c toge!r make ! application to :at conc]ns u mo/--! libr>y int]e/s ( to-day4 ,9 any und]tak+ results dep5d directly1 & (t5 l>gely1 ^u ! p]fection ( organization4 ,organization implies a m9d :i* c grasp ! und]tak+ z a :ole1 foll[ x out1 ea* /ep 9 detail1 e/imate ! v>i\s factors1 p]sonal & imp]sonal1 provide = un=ese5 cont+5cies1 & furni% ! fai?1 ! w-p[]1 ! p]sonal magnetism1 :atev] y *oose to call x1 9 su* measure z is ne$$ to c>ry x ?r\gh4 ,su* a m9d sees ! end at ! beg9n+1 & ?9ks ( x z already done :ile to o!rs x may seem f> (f & ev5 impossible4 ,su* ?\ght1 (t5 ! "w ( "o m9d1 sometimes ! result ( coop]ation1 is beh9d e piece ( accompli%$ "w4 ,o!r elem5ts may d\btless be ess5tial1 b !re c be no adequate results )\t organization4 ,&1 mak+ all[ance = o!r elem5ts1 ! p]fection ( results dep5ds ^u ! p]fection ( organization4444 ,= ! reason ( ?is t5d5cy we h n f> to seek4 ,i believe x is f\nd 9 ! sci5tific _s ( ! age1 :i* is surely p]vad+ e sph]e ( human ?\ght & activity4 ,! c>eful inve/igation ( facts1 ! d$uction ( ! law f ! ph5om5a1 ! di/ru/ ( *ance & ! loyalty to ! law d$uc$1 all ( :i* evid5ce ! sci5tific _s1 m>k alike ! great f9anci]1 diplomati/1 inv5tor1 philan?ropi/4 ,9 "s und]tak+s organization alone w suffice4 ,= example1 mak+ a ma*9e1 lay+ out a railroad1 compil+ a volume ( /ati/ics4 ,9 o!rs !re mu/ ne$s come 9 :at ,i w call ! human elem5t1 ! consid]ation ( p1 n 9 masses1 b z individuals1 t mat*less1 indescribable quality :i* we call human sympa?y4444 ,illu/rations might be multipli$ 9 educational1 religi\s1 & philan?ropic ef=ts :]e we "w = ! masses1 & =get t ea* "o ( ! mass is a human be+ ) passions1 s5sibilities1 aspirations l our own4 ,?is int]e/ 9 ! human be+ z su*1 :i* is a gift to "s1 c be cultivat$1 b x c nev] be simulat$4 ,! c\nt]feit always r+s false4 ,jo9$ to a good memory = names & faces1 x gives a p]son a p[] :i* c h>dly be e/imat$4444 ,x seems to me t ^! two pr9ciples apply ) trem5d\s & unusual =ce to ! problems ( ! mod]n libr>y4 ,i w speak ( ! public libr>y alone because x has a wid] rea* & a clos] t\* on life4 ,we w review 9 imag9ation ! libr>y situation 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,we take up ,mr4 ,fl9t's ,/ati/ics volume = #ahic2 we sum up #eic free libr>ies 9 ! ,new ,engl& /ates1 #ebj 9 ,new ,york1 ,p5nsylvania1 & ,new ,j]sey1 #bhe 9 ! ,s\!rn /ates1 #geh 9 ! ,we/]n /ates1 a total ( #baef free libr>ies4 ,we recall our fri5ds 9 ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association1 :o con/itute ) "s m>k$ exceptions1 :o pref] to "w alone1 ! high-wat] m>k ( ! frat]nity4 ,z _! names pass be=e u we take a measure ( ! m5 & wom54 ,we ?9k ( _! libr>ies :i* we may h visit$1 or1 bett] /ill1 :i* we h us$ z read]s4 ,9 "s few cases we "k ! influ5ce ( ^! libr>ies 9 ! t[n or city4 ,take x = all 9 all we f9d a body ( h>d-work+ m5 & wom5 translat+ into practice noble ideals4 ,z a result1 ! libr>y is beg9n+ to get a hold ^u ! community4 ,b x is only a beg9n+ &1 comp>$ ) ! possibilities1 only a prophecy ( :at may & w be4 ,are n ! failures 9 our "w due to ! lack ( ! be/ organization & ! true human t\*8 ,a libr>ian is appo9t$1 let u say1 to an important po/4 ,he has d\btless _h exp]i5ce 9 libr>y "w4 ,he comes on to consult ) ! tru/ees4 ,!y vote to s5d him on a trip = gett+ ideas f o!r libr>ies4 ,he probably has on 8 h&s a beautiful build+ illy adapt$ to libr>y "w4 ,he c>ries ! plans ) him1 & sp5ds mo/ ( ! "t ) o!r memb]s ( ! craft1 9 *oos+ ! lea/ ( sev]al evils 9 plac+ ! ref]5ce-room1 catalog1 *>g+-desk1 etc4 ,he secures two or ?ree assi/ants ) tra9+1 exp]i5ce1 or bo?1 & fills ! m9or places ) local help *os5 by exam9ation or by luck or by p]sonal favor4 ,he le>ns 9 a g5]al way ! "* ( ! t[n & selects books ) t 9 view4 ,if !re are c]ta9 manufactur+ int]e/s or a p>ticul> =eign population1 he makes l>ge pur*ases 9 ^? l9es4 ,he decides on a sy/em ( classification1 ( catalog+1 & on a me?od ( *>g+4 ,! books are ru%$ ?r\gh ! v>i\s processes1 ?\gh all too sl[ly = an impati5t public4 ,9 a few mon?s at ! late/ ! big educational plant beg9s to be utiliz$4 ,! circulation surprises ! mo/ sangu9e1 ! av]age ( fiction drops a little bel[ ! usual m>k1 good s]vice is done at ! in=mation or ref]5ce desk by ! en?usia/ic man or woman hav+ x 9 *>ge1 "w is begun ) ! s*ools1 & a little fraction ( tea*]s make ! *ildr5 "k books because !y "k books !mselves4 ,! re/ g ?r\gh ! motions4 ,! bookworm fills 8 corn]1 ! *ronic grumbl] has 8 little say1 ! usual numb] ( prize que/ions are answ]$4 ,! libr>y becomes ! v bread ( life to ^? :o are ready to receive x1 & gives refre%m5t & sugge/ion & inspiration to _m m4 ,! pr(ession approves4 ,at ! next ,a4,l4,a4 meet+ ,mr4 ---- is br\ght =w>d m prom95tly1 & ! wise ones say1 ,i always ?\ght he 0 a ris+ man4 ,b only #bj p] c5t4 ( ! population ev] set foot )9 ! libr>y1 & :5 a /rang] asks ! way )9 a block ( ! build+1 a fairly intellig5t-look+ workman does n appe> to "k !re is su* a ?+ z ! public libr>y4 ,9 look+ ov] ! proce$+s ( ! libr>y association = ! #ah ye>s ( its exi/5ce1 we are /ruck by ! evid5ces ( indu/ry & e>ne/ness4 ,!re are pap]s & discussions on libr>ies & s*ools1 access to ! %elves1 bookb9d+1 sy/ems ( classification1 catalog+ rules4 ,! keynote is coop]ation 9 secur+1 ) an en?usiasm :i* am\nts to mission>y zeal1 ! be/ & mo/ uni=m me?ods1 ) special ref]5ce to me*anical devices4 ,! v motto smacks ( ari?metic & comm]ce4 ,! be/ read+ = ! l>ge/ numb] at ! lea/ co/4 ,all ?is is good & prop] 9 its place4 ,wise me?ods are ess5tial to ! be/ results4 ,b we s\ght 9 va9 all along ! ye>s = ! philosophic insight :i* %\ld grasp ! high] motive ( our pr(ession & connect x ) ! great /ruggles ( our mod]n life4 ,aft] ! ,columbus ye> 9 ! cle>] air ( ! m\nta9-top1 ! ^w = :i* we 7 wait+ came4 ,i wi% x 7 possible to /op "r "h & give y ! pap]s ( ,mr4 ,l>n$ & ,mr4 ,brett1 :i* 7 read at ,lake ,placid1 z well z ! discussion :i* foll[$4 ,i mu/ cont5t myself by quot+ ,mr4 ,l>n$'s la/ s5t5ce3 ,^? ( u :o h fai? 9 ! future ( democracy c only hold our fai? fa/ by believ+ t ! k ( ! le>n$1 ! wisdom ( ! ?\ghtful1 ! consci5ce ( ! upright1 w "s day be common en\gh to prevail1 always1 ov] e facti\s folly & e mis*iev\s movem5t t evil m9ds or ignorance c set a/ir4 ,:5 t bless$ "t ( victory %all h come1 !re w be _m to %>e ! glory ( x2 b none among !m w rank rightly be=e ^? :o h l$ & inspir$ ! "w ( ! public libr>ies4 ,?is leads u to ! fir/ great ne$ ( ! pr(ession to-day1 t ! libr>ian %\ld be 9 ! noble/ s5se a l>ge1 man1 t he %\ld add to executive & bus9ess ability & te*nical k a broad & g5]\s culture 9 ,mat!w ,arnold's s5se ( ! ^w1 ,an inw>d spiritual activity1 hav+ = its "* increas$ sweetness1 increas$ light1 increas$ life1 increas$ sympa?y4 ,he mu/ be an omnivor\s read]1 skimm+ _m books1 & kn[+ by in/9ct :i* books & :i* *apt]s & s5t5ces to read c>efully4 ,he mu/ /udy f books & 9 life ! great indu/rial1 social1 & religi\s que/ions :i* /ir our age4 ,he mu/ be a s*ol> )\t p$antry1 a man ( ! _w )\t indiff]5ce1 a fri5d ( ! p )\t s5tim5tality4 ,!re foll[s naturally ! second necessity1 t ! libr>ian %\ld be a c>eful /ud5t ( 8 own t[n4 ,he %\ld "k its hi/ory & topography1 its social1 political1 bus9ess1 lit]>y1 & ecclesia/ical life4 ,to ?is end he %\ld h a p]sonal acqua9tance ) ! city (fic]s1 ! p>ty bosses1 ! labor lead]s1 memb]s ( ! bo>d ( trade1 manufactur]s1 lead+ wom5 9 society1 ) ! cl]gy1 ) ! s*ool sup]9t5d5t & ! tea*]s1 ) ^? :o %ape ! *>itable organizations1 ) report]s1 policem51 & re=m]s4 ,to :at end8 ,broadly t he may cat* ! _s ( ! civic life & relate ! libr>y to ! :ole z ! organs to ! body4 ,specifically1 t he may rea* ! entire population ?r\gh ! natural lead]s1 t he may select books1 e/abli% bran*es1 op5 up new av5ues ( communication betwe5 ! libr>y & ! p4 ,! *ur* may be ari/ocratic1 indu/ry1 trade1 & politics a w>1 ! public s*ool l ! dr9k+-f\nta91 ?\gh plann$ = ! _m scorn$ by ! few4 ,i believe x is possible = a man ) a broad & sympa!tic k ( our age & an intimate k ( 8 own city1 to make ( ! public libr>y ! "o common meet+-place1 ! real focus ( democratic ideas4 ,! *ur* & ! s*ool w rea* ?is 9 ! future1 ! libr>y may a*ieve x to-day4 ,!re is a ?ird difficulty1 :i* is a v real & palpable "o4 ,! libr>ian himself may h a fairly high ideal ( ! libr>y :i* is %>$ by p]haps "o or two assi/ants4 ,! bulk ( ! "w 9 a libr>y ) a l>ge circulation is done by "y p]sons ( less opportunity & tra9+4 ,ea* has a di/9ct "p ( ! "w to d ) little idea ( its relation to ! :ole4 ,un=tunately ! loan-desk1 regi/ration-desk1 & read+-room are usually mann$ 9 ?is way4 ,i h (t5 /ood amaz$ at ! deliv]y-desk ( libr>ians ^: names repres5t all t is be/ 9 ! libr>y pr(ession4 ,i w\ld n be und]/ood z depreciat+ ! "w ( ! l[] assi/ants 9 our libr>ies4 ,i "k well t ?is s]vice1 z a :ole1 repres5ts an am\nt ( fai?fulness & devotion :i* x ill becomes me to und]value4 ,! responsibility lies ) ! head ( ! libr>y & ! failure comes f lack ( organization4 ,! appo9t+ p[] %\ld be practically 9 8 h&s4 ,! man :om we h describ$ above does n ne$ to seek ?is p[]4 ,x comes to him4 ,x is surely possible to secure = ! libr>y s]vice "y m5 & wom51 boys & girls1 ( fair intellig5ce1 quick wits1 responsive m9ds1 & human sympa?ies4 ,! mak+ ( ^! units into an organism is ! sev]e/ te/ ( a libr>ian's p[]4 ,! ability ( a g5]al is n en\gh4 ,he mu/ himself h ! real human t\* or he _c call x =? f o!rs4 ,!re mu/ be ! promptness1 ! accuracy1 ! despat* :i* m>ks milit>y discipl9e2 !re mu/ be also an intellig5t conception ( ! purpose ( ! libr>y1 a /rong s5se ( p]sonal responsibility & ( ! dignity & beauty ( ! public s]vice4 ,x is sometimes said t _s ( ! libr>y %\ld be t ( a m]*ant & 8 well-tra9$ cl]ks1 anxi\s to please _! cu/om]s4 ,x %\ld be r ! f9e _s ( a ho/ess ) ! daught]s ( ! h\se ab\t h] greet+ h] gue/s4 ,!re is a f\r? failure :i* is p]haps ! root difficulty4 ,x is ! failure to make ! mo/ ( "t4 ,! day op5s4 ,! man ha/5s to 8 place & f9ds a score ( voices call+ him to z _m diff]5t tasks4 ,he ha/ily beg9s ! "o :i* seems to call ! l\de/1 & has j begun to ga!r up ! ?reads ( ?\ght :5 !re is a p]emptory call 9 ano!r direction4 ,& s he is driv5 ?r\gh ! day1 n controll+1 b controll$1 & con/antly la%$ by ! ?\ght ( neglect$ duties4 ,by d9t ( keep+ at x all ?r\gh ! day & (t5 into ! night mu* "w is done4 ,! man gets & des]ves ! reputation ( a h>d-work+ man1 delib]ately sacrific+ heal?1 ease1 leisure1 & ! joys ( a s*ol>'s life = ! public good4 ,n[ ?is is ! fir/ & natural result ( ! enl>g$ conception ( a libr>ian's "w4 ,! man is daz$ by ! s5se ( responsibility & almo/ cru%$ by ! dem&s ^u 8 "t app>5tly sep>ate & conflict+4 ,b ?is %\ld be consid]$ only ! fir/ process f :i* ! /rong man w spe$ily evolve a wis] way4 ,! fatal mi/ake lies 9 consid]+ ?is fir/ /age inevitable & f9al4 ,if a man t>ries "h x argues limitation1 n p[]4 ,!re c]ta9ly are m5 :o /& high 9 public life z well z ^? hold+ less prom95t positions1 :o accompli% an enorm\s am\nt ( "w ) a s5se ( fre$om & an impression ( leisure4 ,z ,i h obs]v$ individual cases1 ,i am l$ to ! conclusion t ! explanation lies n 9 a /rong] physique1 or a /rong] intellect1 b 9 a bett] organization ( "w ) ref]5ce to "t4 ,!re is no ne$ m imp]ative ?an ?is = all ( u :o are pr\d to be call$ busy p4 ,! tr\ble is1 we ?9k we are too busy to /op & plan4 ,our philosophic error lies 9 believ+ t ! "w mu/ all be done to-day4 ,nature h]self %\ld tea* u t ! be/ "w _c be done 9 a hurry4 ,we may n hope 9 ?is g5]ation to und]/& well ! work+ ( t complex1 my/]i\s ?+ :i* we call human society1 b we may at lea/ s relate ourselves & our libr>ies to x t we may live1 move1 & gr[ toge!r4 ,n unrelat$1 ununifi$1 ,b to ea* ?\ght & ?+ alli$1 ,is p]fect ,nature's e "p ,root$ 9 ! mighty ,he>t4 ,,:at ,a ,,libr>y ,,%\ld ,,be ,,& ,,:at ,,x ,,c ,,d ,no "o has done m to inspire libr>y work]s ) ! feel+ t :at !y are do+ is wor? :ile ?an ,dr4 ,melvil ,dewey1 pione] 9 ?is c\ntry ( ! mod]n libr>y & ( ! socializ$ libr>y _s4 ,a sket* ( ,dr4 ,dewey w be f\nd 9 ,vol4 ,i4 ( ?is s]ies4 ,! foll[+ is f ! /5ograph]'s report ( a brief talk at ! ,atlanta ,conf]5ce ( ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association1 z pr9t$ 9 ,public ,libr>ies 7,*icago1 ,june1 #ahii74 ,atlanta has be5 kn[n long 9 ?is c\ntry z a s\!rn city t believes supremely t education pays1 & z ! revelation has come late 9 ?is c5tury ( :at ! libr>y is or %\ld be1 & :at ! libr>y c d1 on ?is l9e ,i w say a few words to y tonight4 ,we h _h an illu/ration 9 ! rec5t w> ) ,spa9 t education pays1 9 :at x means to h ! man beh9d ! guns tra9$4 ,we h an illu/ration 9 ,mr4 ,c>negie's "w1 ^: "n has be5 m5tion$ "h 9 8 competition ) ! re/ ( ! _w1 illu/rat+ ano!r peculi> ,am]ican feature t ,am]ican education pays 9 doll>s & c5ts2 b x is a m rec5t conception ( ! "p ! libr>y has 9 a sy/em ( public education4 ,x took a ?\s& ye>s to develop our educational sy/em f ! univ]sity d[n2 fir/ ! univ]sity z ! beg9n+ ( all education1 & !n we mu/ h ! colleges to prep>e = ! univ]sities1 ! academies & common s*ools to prep>e = ! colleges1 & x is only 9 our own g5]ation t we h come to und]/& t we mu/ beg9 ) ! k9d]g>t5 & end 9 our libr>ies4 ,i am really pleas$ tonight t ! ,"y m5's association has done ?is g5]\s "w1 & t ,atlanta is go+ to pay ! money f ! taxes4 ,x w\ld be no advantage to ?is city if y\r s*ools 7 provid$ = y )\t *>ge to ! p4 ,^? :o /udy ! "q f ! l[ plane ( doll>s & c5ts1 )\t reg>d to ! high] ?+s 9 life1 h le>n$ t no inve/igation pays well4 ,9 _m a community m5 are giv+ lib]ally to ! s*ools1 & are beg9n+ to give lib]ally to ! libr>ies1 & !y d x because !y "k x makes ev]y?+ m valuable--x makes _! bus9ess m prosp]\s4 ,! libr>y is go+ ?r\gh ! same process ! public s*ool w5t ?r\gh4 ,h5ry ,b>n>d1 ( ,connecticut1 visit$ #bg diff]5t /ates & spoke be=e !m to urge ^u !m ! sy/em ( public education1 & to provide a guidance = ! *ildr54 ,x is true t ! educat$ p>5ts are m likely to h *ildr5 educat$ highly1 b !re is no "q :atev] t ! great majority ( ! m5 & wom5 :o are to %ape ! future ( ?is c\ntry w be born 9 ! humble/ homes1 & we come back to ! problem ( ! g5]al education ( all ! p z ! be/ possible advancem5t & ! *iefe/ def5se ( ! nation2 x is ! conc]n ( ! /ate because x is ! duty ( ! /ate1 because x pays1 & because ! /ate does n d>e any long] to neglect x4 ,!re=e ,i call y\r att5tion to ! fact t we are repeat+ 9 libr>ies exactly ! process ( ! s*ool1 & t !re 7 meet+s to urge ! acceptance ( !m4 ,!re are few :o d\bt ! wisdom ( donat+ money to support ! free libr>y1 & :5 ! hi/ory ( ! "t is writt5 x w be m>k$ z ! hi/ory ( free libr>ies4 ,:y is x t ! p are tax+ !mselves erect+ beautiful build+s1 buy+ books1 pay+ sal>ies1 pr9t+ catalogs1 incurr+ all ^! exp5ses1 pay+ out an am\nt ( money t a %ort "t ago w\ld h be5 ?\ght only a dream8 ,x is a recognition ( its necessity & importance4 ,we und]/& t x is a good ?+4 ,a broad conception at ! end ( ! c5tury ( ! "w ( ! s*ools is simply ?is1 to tea* ! *ildr5 to ?9k accurately1 ) /r5g? & ) spe$4 ,if x is 9 ! s*ool t !y get _! />t1 !n :]e d !y get _! education8 ,tell me f y\r own exp]i5ce1 0 x f ! s*ool t y got mo/ ( y\r ideas8 ,we _h an exp]im5t "s "t ago1 :5 ! tea*]s ( ,new ,york made an elaborate inve/igation z to ! tea*+ ( boys & girls4 ,! ?+ t influ5c$ ^? boys & girls mo/ 0 ! books !y read4 ,:at1 aft] all1 is ! supreme end ( education8 ,i /ate t we %\ld tea* !m to ?9k ) accuracy & ) spe$1 b ,i d\bt if !re is "o :o d5ies ! supreme necessity ( ! build+ ( "*4 ,t is :at is w9n+ 9 ! peaceful conflicts ( comm]ce4 ,if y c>e to analyze h[ "* is built1 foll[ x back briefly4 ,"* comes f habits1 & habits f actions repeat$1 & actions f a motive1 & a motive f reflection4 ,:at makes me reflect8 ,:at makes y reflect8 ,:at is ! cause8 ,isn't x some?+ t y h read 9 a book1 a magaz9e1 or a pap]8 ,s ! g5ealogy is ?is3 read+ begets reflection1 reflection begets motive1 motive begets action1 & action begets habit1 & habit begets t supreme ?+--"*4 ,s we h come to recognize t if we are to accompli% ! *ief end t is be=e ! p1 we mu/ /rive to control ! read+ = o!rs4 ,read+ sometimes c>ries d[nhill1 z x (t5 c>ries upw>d1 & !re is no way t we c rea* ! p except ?r\gh ! free libr>y & ) prop] help f ! p4 ,:at ,atlanta wants to make out ( h] citiz5s is n to tra9 privates1 b to tra9 (fic]s4 ,if y g out on ! /reets y c f9d a ?\s& m5 to d ! "w ( a labor]1 :]e y c f9d only a few to d ! "w t w dem& five or t5 ?\s& doll>s4 ,! _w is look+ = t class ( m54 ,x is ! highe/ sal>i$ man t is ! h>de/ to f9d4 ,if y w\ld buy a ma*9e1 !re ent]s into x ! mat]ial t is 9 x2 ! process ( manufacture ?r\gh\t :i* has trans=m$ x1 & !n ! approv$ fitness = p]=m+ its functions4 ,! same way ) a man--! native t is manufactur$2 !n comes ! exp]i5ce :i* proves ! fitness = 8 "w2 & y pay ! sal>y = ^! ?+s4 ,& by means ( our s*ools & libr>ies we mu/ rea* ^! girls & boys4 ,?omas ,edison & o!r great m5 say t _! :ole lives are gov]n$ f read+ a s+le book4 ,s ! prov9ce ( ! libr>y is to amuse1 to in=m & inspire4 ,we h ! old prov]bs1 ,z free z air2 ,z free z wat]2 b ! new "o t is important to ! race is1 ,z free z k4 ,! p ( ?is /ate _c af=d to h any boy 9 ,georgia :o is anxi\s to "k m1 h[ to make 8 life m valuable1 :o wants inspiration & is ready to read1 & n furni% x to him4 ,education is ! *ief conc]n ( ! ,am]ican p1 & ! /ates t h done mo/ = _! education h be5 ! mo/ prosp]\s4 ,x is ! conc]n ( ! ri*e/ z to :at %\ld be done = ! poore/2 y %\ld provide free s*ools & free libr>ies1 or ! failure to d s w react 9 y\r own lives4 ,if y say t ?is ideal is too high1 t ! libr>y has important functions1 b x does n take its place z ! equal ( ! s*ools1 x is because y h n /udi$ ?is "q 9 all its details4 ,:5 y d1 y w be =c$ to ! conclusion t :ile we mu/ say t ?is is ! inspiration ( a dream]1 rememb] t x is ! devotion ( noble m9ds t nev] falt]s1 b endures & waits = all x c f9d1 & :at x _c f9d1 creates4 ,,! ,,public ,,libr>y ,,9 ,,am]ican ,,life ,z ! la/ ( ?is p>ticul> gr\p ( pap]s we reproduce a view ( our public libr>y sy/em by a =eign] :o _h liv$ 9 ?is c\ntry long en\gh to appreciate x & :o 0 yet able to contra/ x ) ! libr>y sy/ems ( ,european c\ntries--,pr(4 ,mun/]b]g ( ,h>v>d4 ,hugo ,mun/]b]g 0 born 9 ,danzig1 ,g]many1 ,june #a1 #ahfc1 educat$ at ,leipzig & ,heidelb]g1 & aft] s]v+ z assi/ant pr(essor at ! ,univ]sity ( ,freiburg1 became pr(essor ( psy*ology at ,h>v>d 9 #ahib1 :]e he s]v$ until 8 dea? on ,dec4 #af1 #aiaf4 ,! subjo9$ extract is f 8 book ,! ,am]icans 7,new ,york1 #aijd74 ,! ,am]ican's fondness = read+ f9ds cle>e/ expression 9 ! gr[? ( libr>ies1 & 9 few matt]s ( civilization is ,am]ica s well fitt$ to tea* ! ,old ,_w a lesson4 ,europe has _m l>ge & anci5t collections ( books1 & ,g]many m ?an all ! re/2 b !y s]ve only "o s+le purpose--t ( sci5tific inve/igation2 !y are ! laboratories ( rese>*4 ,!y are *iefly lodg$ ) ! great univ]sities1 & ev5 ! l>ge municipal libr>ies are mo/ly us$ by ^? :o ne$ mat]ial = productive labors1 or wi% to become conv]sant ) special topics4 ,exactly ! same type ( l>ge libr>y has gr[n up 9 ,am]ica2 & "h1 too1 x is *iefly ! univ]sities ^: /ock ( books is at ! s]vice ( ! sci5tific _w4 ,besides ^!1 !re are special libr>ies belong+ to le>n$ societies1 /ate law libr>ies1 special libr>ies ( gov]nm5t bureaus & ( museums1 & l>ge/ ( all ! ,libr>y ( ,congress4 ,! collection ( su* sci5tific books began at ! e>lie/ colonial p]iod1 & at fir/ "u !ological auspices4 ,! ,calv9i/ ,*ur*1 m ?an any o!r1 incl9$ to ! /udy ( books4 ,z e>ly z #agij ! catalog ( ,h>v>d ,college conta9$ #cej pages1 ( :i* #aej 7 tak5 up by !ological works4 ,h>v>d has to-day almo/ a million books1 mo/ly 9 ! dep>tm5t ( lit]ature1 philology1 hi/ory1 philosophy1 & jurisprud5ce4 ,!re are1 moreov]1 9 ,bo/on ! /ate libr>y ( law1 ) ov] a hundr$ ?\s& volumes2 ! ,a!naeum1 ) m ?an two hundr$ ?\s& books2 ! l>ge sci5tific libr>y ( ! ,in/itute ( ,te*nology1 & _m o!rs4 ,simil>ly1 9 o!r l>ge cities1 ! univ]sity libr>ies are ! nucleus = sci5tific labors1 & are surr\nd$ by admirable special libr>ies1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,new ,york1 ,*icago1 & ,philadelphia4 ,!n1 too1 ! small academic t[ns1 l ,pr9ceton1 ,i?aca1 ,new ,hav51 & o!rs1 h valuable collections ( books1 :i* 9 special subjects are (t5 unique4 ,= _m ye>s ! ,am]ican univ]sity libr>ies h be5 ! *ief pur*as]s ( ! special collections left by deceas$ ,european pr(essors4 ,& x (t5 happ5s1 especially ?r\gh ! gift ( grateful alumni1 t collections ( ! greate/ sci5tific value1 :i* c\ld n be duplicat$1 come into ! possession ev5 ( less] in/itutions4 ,9 _m dep>tm5ts ( inve/igation1 ,wa%+ton takes ! lead ) ! l>ge collection ( ! v>i\s sci5tific1 economic1 & te*nical bureaus ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,! be/ kn[n ( ^! is ! unique m$ical libr>y ( ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t4 ,!n !re is ! ,libr>y ( ,congress1 ) _m m ?an a million volumes1 :i* today has an (ficial "r to "o copy ( e book publi%$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & s may claim to be a national libr>y4 ,x is /ill n comp>able to ! _m-sid$ & complete collection ( ! ,briti% ,museum2 ! national libr>y is "o-sid$1 or at lea/ %[s /rik+ gaps4 ,hav+ />t$ z ! ,libr>y ( ,congress1 x has1 aside f its "o copy ( e ,am]ican book & ! books on natural sci5ce belong+ to ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 few books except ^? on politics1 hi/ory1 political economy1 & law4 ,! lack ( space = books1 :i* exi/$ until a few ye>s ago1 made x seem inexp$i5t to sp5d money = purposes o!r ?an ! conv5i5ce ( congressm54 ,b ! ,am]ican p1 9 its love = books1 has n[ erect$ su* a build+ z ! _w _h nev] be=e se5 devot$ to ! /or+ ( books4 ,! new ,congressional ,libr>y 0 op5$ 9 #ahig1 & s9ce ! /acks h /ill room = sev]al million volumes1 ! libr>y w soon gr[ to an all-r\nd complet5ess l t at ,london4 ,?is ,libr>y has a specially valuable collection ( manuscripts & correspond5ces4 ,all ! collections ( books :i* we h s f> m5tion$ are virtually l ^? ( ,g]many4 ,b s9ce !y mo/ly date f ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ! ,am]ican libr>ies are m mod]n1 & conta9 less dead weight 9 ! way ( unus$ folios4 ,mu* m important is _! greatly sup]ior accessibility4 ,_! read+-rooms are m com=table & bett] light$1 _! catalogs m conv5i5t1 libr>y h\rs long]1 &1 above all1 books are m easily & quickly deliv]$4 ,brooks ,adams said rec5tly1 ab\t ! libr>y at ,wa%+ton z a place = "w1 t ?is build+ is well-nigh p]fect2 x is l>ge1 light1 conv5i5t1 & well provid$ ) att5dants4 ,9 ,p>is & ,london1 "o works 9 du/y1 =bidd+1 & ov]cr[d$ rooms1 :ile "h ! read+-rooms are num]\s1 attractive1 & com=table4 ,9 ! ,national ,libr>y at ,p>is1 "o has to wait an h\r = a book2 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 half an h\r1 & 9 ,wa%+ton1 five m9utes4 ,?is rapid s]vice1 :i* makes su* a great diff]5ce to ! /ud5t1 is f\nd ev]y:]e 9 ,am]ica2 & ev]y:]e ! books are h\s$ 9 build+s :i* are palatial1 al?\gh p]haps n s beautiful z ! ,wa%+ton ,libr>y4 ,/ill1 all ^! diff]5ces are uness5tial2 9 pr9ciple ! academic libr>ies are alike 9 ! ,new & ,old ,worlds4 ,! great diff]5ce betwe5 ,europe & ,am]ica beg9s ) ! libr>ies :i* are n le>n$1 b :i* are design$ to s]ve popul> education4 ,! ,am]ican public libr>y :i* is n = sci5ce1 b = education1 is to ! ,european c\nt]p>t z ! ,pullman express tra9 to ! village po/-*aise4 ,! sci5tific libr>ies ( ,bo/on1 includ+ t ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 conta9 ne>ly two million pr9t$ works2 b ! l>ge/ libr>y ( all is di/9ct f ^!4 ,x is h\s$ on ,copley ,squ>e1 9 a r5aissance palace by ! side ( ! ,art ,museum1 & opposite ! mo/ beautiful *ur* 9 ,am]ica4 ,! /aircase ( yell[ m>ble1 ! wond]ful wall-pa9t+s1 ! fasc9at+ arcade on ! inn] c\rt & ! sunlit halls are inde$ beautiful4 ,& 9 & out1 f e>ly morn+ till late ev5+1 week-day & ,sunday1 move ! p ( ,bo/on4 ,! /ream ( m5 divides 9 ! l[] ve/ibule4 ,"s g to ! newspap] room1 :]e sev]al hundr$ daily newspap]s1 a doz5 ( !m ,g]man1 hang on racks4 ,o!rs w&] to ! magaz9e rooms1 :]e ! weekly & mon?ly pap]s ( ! _w are wait+ to be read4 ,o!rs asc5d to ! upp] /ories1 :]e ,s>g5t's fam\s pictures ( ! ,prophets allure ! lov] ( art1 9 ord] to look ov] m valuable special editions & ! art magaz9es1 geographical *>ts1 & musical works4 ,! l>ge/ /ream ( all goes to ! second floor1 p>tly into ! huge quiet read+-room1 p>tly into ! rotunda1 :i* conta9s ! catalog1 p>tly into ! hall conta9+ ! fam\s frescoes ( ! ,holy ,grail1 :]e ! books are giv5 out4 ,"h a million & a half books are deliv]$ e ye> to be tak5 home & read4 ,& no "o has to wait2 an app>atus c>ries ! applicant's c>d ) wond]ful spe$ to ! /acks1 & ! desir$ book is s5t back 9 automatic c>s4 ,little *ildr5 mean:ile w&] into ! juv5ile room1 :]e !y f9d ! be/ books = *ildr54 ,& ev]y?+ invites ev5 ! lea/ pati5t read] to sit d[n quietly ) "s sort ( a volume--ev]y?+ is s tempt+1 s conv5i5t & com=table1 & s surpass+ly beautiful4 ,& all ?is is free to ! humble/ work+-man4 ,& /ill1 if ! citiz5 ( ,massa*usetts 7 to be ask$ ( :at feature ( ! public libr>ies he is mo/ pr\d1 he w\ld probably n m5tion ?is magnific5t palace 9 ,bo/on1 ! capital ( ! /ate1 b r ! #cej free public libr>ies scatt]$ ?r\gh ! small] cities & t[ns ( ?is /ate1 :i* is aft] all only "o-?ird z l>ge z ,bav>ia4 ,x is ^! _m libr>ies :i* d ! broade/ "w = ! p4 ,ea* little collection1 :]ev] x is1 is ! c5t] ( intellectual & moral enlight5m5t1 & plants & n\ri%es ! desire = self-p]fection4 ,( c\rse1 ,massa*usetts has done m 9 ?is respect ?an any o!r w>d 9 ?is respect4 ,b !re is no long] any city ( mod]ate size :i* has n a l>ge public libr>y1 & !re is no /ate :i* does enc\rage 9 e possible way ! e/abli%m5t ( public libr>ies 9 e small community1 giv+ f9ancial aid if x is necess>y4 ,public libr>ies h become ! favorite ,*ri/mas pres5t ( philan?ropi/s1 & :ile ! hospitals1 univ]sities1 & museums1 h /ill no reason = compla9t1 ! *ur*es n[ f9d ! sup]flu\s millions are less apt to g to gay *ur* w9d[s ?an to well *os5 book collections4 ,9 ! ye> #aijj !re exi/$ m ?an #echc public libr>ies hav+ ov] a ?\s& volumes2 ( ^! #add _h m ?an fifty ?\s&1 & #ed _h m ?an a hundr$ ?\s& volumes4 ,all toge!r conta9$1 accord+ to ! /ati/ics ( #aijj m ?an =ty-f\r million volumes & m ?an sev5 million pamphlets2 & ! av]age gr[? 0 ov] #h p] c5t4 ,!re are probably to-day1 !re=e1 fifte5 million volumes m on ! %elves4 ,! _m ?\s& libr>ies :i* h few] ?an #iii books are ov] & above all ?is4 ,! make-up ( su* public libr>ies may be se5 f ! sample catalog gott5 out by ! ,libr>y ,association a few ye>s s9ce1 z a typical collection ( five ?\s& books4 ,?is catalog1 :i*1 ) ! exception ( ! mo/ important =eign classics1 conta9s only books 9 ,engli%1 includ+1 h[ev]1 _m translations1 conta9s #bbg g5]al ref]5ce books1 #gef books on hi/ory1 #fce on biography1 #dac on travel1 #cee on natural sci5ce1 #fid on belles-lettres1 #hji novels1 #bbe on art1 #bbj on religion1 #dbd on social sci5ce1 #bfh on te*nical subjects1 etc4 ,! co/ ( ?is sample collection is #ab1jjj4 ,! proportions betwe5 ! sev]al divisions are ab\t ! same 9 l>g] collections4 ,9 small] collections1 belles-lettres h a some:at great] %>e4 ,! g5]al int]e/ tak5 by ! nation 9 ?is matt] is %[n by ! fact t ! fir/ edition ( #bj1jjj copies ( ?is sample catalog1 ( #fjj pages1 0 soon exhau/$4 ,! _m-sid$ness ( ?is catalog po9ts also to ! manifold functions ( ! public libr>y4 ,x is meant to raise ! educational level ( ! p1 & ?is c be done 9 ?ree ways3 fir/1 int]e/ may be /imulat$ along new l9es2 second1 ^? :o wi% to p]fect !mselves 9 _! own subjects or 9 :atsoev] special topics1 may be provid$ ) te*nical lit]ature2 & ?ird1 ! g5]al desire = lit]>y ent]ta9m5t may be satisfi$ by books ( ! be/ or at lea/ n ( ! wor/ sort4 ,! directors ( libr>ies see _! duties to lie 9 all ?ree directions4 ,! libr>ies guide ! ta/es & int]e/s ( ! g5]al public1 & try to replace ! ord9>y s]vant-girl's novel ) ! be/ romance ( ! day & %all[ lit]ature ) works t are truly in/ructive4 ,& no community is q cont5t until its public libr>y has become a sort ( g5]al meet+-place & sub/itute = ! saloon & ! club4 ,am]ica is ! work+-man's p>adise1 & attractive en\gh to ! ri* man2 b ! ord9>y man ( ! middle classes1 :o 9 ,g]many f9ds 8 *ief com=t 9 ! ,bi]halle w\ld f9d little com=t 9 ,am]ica if x 7 n = ! public libr>y1 :i* (f]s him a home4 ,?us ! public libr>y has come to be a recogniz$ in/rum5t ( culture along ) ! public s*ool2 & 9 all ,am]ican outpo/s ! s*ool tea*] & libr>ian are among ! pione]s4 ,! le>n$ libr>y _c d ?is4 ,to be sure1 ! univ]sity libr>y c help to spread in=mation1 & conv]sely ! public libr>y makes room = ?\s&s ( volumes on all sorts ( sci5tific topics4 ,b ! emphasis is laid v diff]5tly 9 ! two cases1 & if x 7 n s nei!r libr>y w\ld be/ fulfil its purpose4 ,! extreme quiet ( ! ref]5ce libr>y & ! bu/le & /ir ( ! public libr>y d n g toge!r4 ,9 ! "o direction ,am]ica has foll[$ ! dignifi$ traditions ( ,europe2 9 ! o!r1 x has op5$ new pa?s & travell$ on at a rapid pace4 ,e ye> discov]s new ideas & plans1 new s*emes = equipm5t & ! selection ( books1 = catalog+1 & = o!rwise ga9+ 9 utility4 ,:51 = in/ance1 ! libr>y 9 ,provid5ce comm5c$ to po/ a complete li/ ( books & writ+s p]ta9+ to ! subject ( e lecture t 0 giv5 9 ! city1 x 0 ! initiation ( a great movem5t4 ,! juv5ile dep>tm5ts are ! product ( rec5t ye>s1 & are con/antly increas+ 9 popul>ity4 ,!re are ev51 9 "s cases1 dep>tm5ts = bl9d read]s4 ,! /ate commissions are new1 & s also ! travell+ libr>ies1 :i* are c>ri$ f "o village to ano!r4 ,! great s*ools = libr>ians are also new4 ,! ,g]man libr>ian is mo/ly a s*ol>2 b ! ,am]ican believes t he has improv$ on ! ,european libr>y sy/ems1 n s mu* by 8 ample f9ancial res\rces z by hav+ brok5 ) ! academic cu/om1 & hav+ secur$ libr>ians ) a special libr>y tra9+4 ,& s9ce !re are su* (ficials 9 _m ?\s& libr>ies1 & ! great in/itutions create a con/ant dem& = su* p]sons1 ! libr>y s*ools1 :i* (f] g5]ally a ?ree ye>s' c\rse1 hav+ be5 f\nd v successful4 ,admitt$ly1 all ?is te*nical app>atus is exp5sive2 ! ,bo/on libr>y exp5ds e ye> a qu>t] ( a million doll>s = adm9i/rative exp5ses4 ,b ! ,am]ican taxpay] supports ?is m gladly ?an any o!r burd51 kn[+ t ! public libr>y is ! be/ weapon aga9/ alcoholism & crime1 aga9/ corruption & discont5t1 & t ! democratic c\ntry c fl\ri% only :5 ! in/9ct ( self-p]fection z x exi/s 9 e ,am]ican is ?or\ghly satisfi$4 ,,books ,,& ,,! ,,public ,,libr>y ,?is pap] & ! two t foll[ x relate specifically to read+ z fo/]$ by ! public libr>y & yet n suffici5tly to ! provision ( books to ! public z a def9ite libr>y s]vice to w>rant po/pon+ !m to ! section relat+ to t bran* ( community s]vice4 ,!y h a some:at academic or lit]>y flavor1 & yet are p]meat$ n ) ! idea ( books = s*ol>s b ) t ( books = p--! idea ( read+ z a univ]sal function--duty1 pleasure & inspiration 9 "o--:i* is di/9ctly t ( a socializ$ libr>y4 ,! fir/ pap] is an address made by ,l[ell at ! op5+ ( ! new public libr>y build+ at ,*elsea1 ,mass41 ,dec4 #bb1 #ahhe4 ,james ,russell ,l[ell 0 born 9 ,cambridge1 ,mass41 ,feb4 #bb1 #ahai1 & graduat$ at ,h>v>d 9 #ahch1 succe$+ ,longfell[ z pr(essor ( ,lit]ature !re 9 #ahee4 ,he edit$ ,! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review 9 #ahfc-gb1 s]v$ z ,u4,s4 m9i/] to ,spa9 9 #ahgg-hj & to ,great ,brita9 9 #ahhj-he4 ,he di$ 9 ,cambridge1 ,aug4 #ab1 #ahia4 ,a few ye>s ago my fri5d1 ,mr4 ,alex&] ,irel&1 publi%$ a v int]e/+ volume :i* he call$ ,! book-lov]'s eu*iridion1 ! h&book1 t is to say1 ( ^? :o love books4 ,x 0 made up ( extracts f ! writ+s ( a great v>iety ( di/+ui%$ m51 anci5t & mod]n1 9 praise ( books4 ,x 0 a *orus ( _m voices 9 _m tongues1 a hymn ( gratitude & praise1 full ( su* piety & f]vor z c be p>ellel$ only 9 songs d$icat$ to ! supreme p[]1 ! supreme wisdom & ! supreme love4 ,nay1 !re is a gl[ ( en?usiasm & s9c]ity 9 x :i* is (t5 pa9fully want+ 9 ^? o!r too commonly me*anical compositions4 ,we feel at once t "h x is out ( ! fulness ( ! he>t1 yes1 & ( ! head1 too1 t ! m\? speake?4 ,"h 0 none ( t compulsory commonplace :i* is wont to *>act]ize ^? 'te/imonials ( celebrat$ au?ors1' by means ( :i* publi%]s sometimes /rive to l+] out ! passages ( a hopeless book t[>d its requiescat 9 oblivion4 ,^! utt]ances :i* ,mr4 ,irel& has ga!r$ lov+ly toge!r are /amp$ ) t spontane\sness :i* is ! m9t m>k ( all /]l+ spee*4 ,x is true t !y are mo/ly1 z is only natural1 ! utt]ances ( lit]>y m51 & !re is a well-f\nd$ prov]bial di/ru/ ( h]r+ t be> only ! br& ( ! pack]1 & n t ( ! sworn inspector4 ,b to ?is objection a cynic might answ] ) ! "q1 ',are au?ors s prone1 !n1 to praise ! works ( o!r p t we are to d\bt !m :5 !y d x un-ask$8' ,p]haps ! wise/ ?+ ,i c\ld h done to-night w\ld h be5 to put ^u ! /& "s ( ! m weighty ( ?is cl\d ( witnesses4 ,b s9ce y\r invitation impli$ t ,i %\ld myself say some?+1 ,i w endeavor to set be=e y a few ( ! commonplaces ( ! occasion1 z !y may be modifi$ by pass+ ?r\gh my own m9d1 or by hav+ made !mselves felt 9 my own exp]i5ce4 ,! great] "p ( ,mr4 ,irel&'s witnesses te/ify to ! com=t & consolation !y owe to books1 to ! refuge !y h f\nd 9 !m f sorr[ or mis=tune1 to _! fri5d%ip1 nev] e/rang$ & outliv+ all o!rs4 ,?is te/imony !y volunte]$4 ,_h !y be5 ask$1 !y w\ld h borne evid5ce z will+ly to ! high] & m g5]al uses ( books 9 _! s]vice to ! commonweal?1 z well z to ! individual man4 ,consid]1 = example1 h[ a s+le page ( ,burke may emancipate ! "y /ud5t ( politics f n>r[ views & m]ely contemporane\s judgm5ts4 ,our ,engli% ance/ors1 ) t common-s5se :i* is "o ( ! mo/ useful1 ?\gh n "o ( ! mo/ engag+1 prop]ties ( ! race1 made a rhym+ prov]b1 :i* says t3 ,:5 l& & goods are gone & sp5t1 ,!n le>n+ is mo/ excell5t2 & ?is is true1 s f> z x goes1 ?\gh x goes1 p]haps1 h>dly f> en\gh4 ,! law also calls only ! e>? & :at is immovably atta*$ to x real prop]ty1 b ,i am ( op9ion t ^? only are real possessions :i* abide ) a man aft] he has be5 /ripp$ ( ^? o!rs falsely s call$1 & :i* alone save him f seem+ & f be+ ! mis]able =k$ radi% to :i* ! bitt] scorn ( ,le> degrad$ e *ild ( ,adam4 ,! ri*es ( s*ol>%ip1 ! b5ignities ( lit]ature1 defy =tune & outlive calamity4 ,!y are beyond ! rea* ( ?ief or mo? or ru/4 ,z !y _c be inh]it$1 s !y _c be ali5at$4 ,b !y may be %>$1 !y may be di/ribut$1 & x is ! object & (fice ( a free public libr>y to p]=m ^! b5eficial functions4 ,books1 says ,wordswor?1 are a real _w1 & he 0 ?9k+1 d\btless1 ( su* books z are n m]ely ! triumphs ( pure intellect1 h[ev] supreme1 b ( ^? 9 :i* intellect infus$ ) ! s5se ( beauty aims r to produce delight ?an conviction1 or1 if conviction1 !n ?r\gh intuition r ?an =mal logic1 &1 leav+ :at ,donne wisely calls ,unconsci\s ?+s1 matt]s ( fact1 to sci5ce & ! und]/&+1 seeks to give ideal expression to ! abid+ realities ( ! spiritual _w = :i* ! outw>d & visible _w s]ves at be/ b z ! husk & symbol4 ,am ,i wrong 9 us+ ! ^w realities8--wrong 9 insi/+ on ! di/9ction betwe5 ! real & ! actual8 9 assum+ = ! ideal an exi/5ce z absolute & self-subsi/5t z t :i* appeals to our s5ses--nay1 s (t5 *eats !m 9 ! matt] ( fact8 ,h[ v small a "p ( ! _w we truly live 9 is repres5t$ by :at speaks to u ?r\gh ! s5ses :5 comp>$ ) t va/ realm ( ! m9d :i* is peopl$ by memory & imag9ation1 & ) su* %9+ inhabitants6 ,^! walls1 ^! faces1 :at are !y 9 comp>ison ) ! c\ntless images1 ! innum]able population :i* e "o ( u c summon up to ! t9y %[-box ( ! bra91 9 mat]ial bread? sc>ce a span1 yet inf9ite z space & "t8 ,& 9 :at1 ,i pray1 are ^? we gravely call hi/orical *>act]s1 ( :i* ea* new hi/orian /ra9s 8 neck to get a new & diff]5t view1 9 any s5se m real ?an ! p]sonages ( fiction8 ,d n s]i\s & e>ne/ m5 discuss ,hamlet z !y w\ld ,cromwell or ,l9coln8 ,does ,caes>1 does ,al>ic1 hold exi/5ce by any o!r or /rong] t5ure ?an ! ,*ri/ian ( ,bunyan or ! ,don ,quixote ( ,c]vantes or ! ,antigone ( ,sophocles8 ,is n ! hi/ory :i* is lum9\s because ( an indwell+ & p]5nial tru? to nature1 because ( t light :i* nev] 0 on l& or sea1 really m true1 9 ! highe/ s5se1 ?an _m a we>y *ronicle ) names1 date1 & place 9 :i* an ,amura? to ,amura? succe$s8 ,d we "k z mu* ( any au!ntic ,dani% pr9ce z ( ,hamlet8 ,b to come back a little ne>] to ,*elsea & ! occasion t has call$ u toge!r4 ,! f\nd]s ( ,new ,engl&1 if sometimes1 :5 !y f\nd x ne$ful1 an impracticable1 7 always a practical p4 ,_! fir/ c>e1 no d\bt1 0 = an adequate supply ( p[d]1 & !y enc\rag$ ! manufacture ( musket bullets by enact+ t !y %\ld pass z curr5cy at a f>?+ ea*--a co9age ne>] to its nom9al value1 & n heavi] ?an "s ) :i* we are famili>4 ,_! second c>e 0 t good le>n+ %\ld n p]i% f among u1 & to ?is end !y at once e/abli%$ ! ,lat9 ,s*ool 9 ,bo/on1 & soon aft] ! college at ,cambridge4 ,! nucleus ( ?is 01 z y all "k1 ! beque/ 9 money by ,john ,h>v>d4 ,h>dly less important1 h[ev]1 0 ! legacy ( 8 libr>y1 a collection ( good books1 inconsid]able measur$ by ! /&>d ( to-day1 b v consid]able !n z ! possession ( a private p]son4 ,f t little acorn :at an oak has sprung1 & f its acorn aga9 :at a vocal =e/1 z old ,h[ell w\ld h call$ x--old ,h[ell1 :om ,i love to cite1 because 8 "n gave _! title to ! ',essays ( ,elia1' & is borne ) slight v>iation by "o ( ! mo/ delightful ( mod]n au?ors6 ,x 01 9 my judgm5t1 ^? two f\ndations1 m ?an any?+ else1 :i* gave to ,new ,engl& "* its b5t & to ,bo/on t lit]>y supremacy :i*1 ,i am told1 %e is 9 dang] ( los+1 b :i* %e w n lose till %e & all ! _w lose ,holmes4 ,! op5+ ( a free public libr>y1 !n1 is a mo/ important ev5t 9 ! hi/ory ( any t[n4 ,a college tra9+ is an excell5t ?+2 b1 aft] all1 ! bett] "p ( e man's education is t :i* he gives himself1 & x is = ?is t a good libr>y %\ld furni% ! opportunity & ! means4 ,i h sometimes ?\ght t our public s*ools und]took to tea* too mu*1 & t ! old] sy/em1 :i* taught m]ely ! ?ree ,r's1 & taught !m well1 leav+ natural selection to decide :o %\ld g f>!r1 0 ! bett]4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 all t is prim>ily ne$ful 9 ord] to use a libr>y is ! ability to read4 ,i say prim>ily1 = !re mu/ also be ! incl9ation1 &1 aft] t1 "s guidance 9 read+ well4 ,=m]ly ! duty ( a libr>ian 0 consid]$ too mu* t ( a wat*dog to keep p z mu* z possible away f ! books1 & to h& ^! ov] to 8 successor z little worn by use z he c\ld4 ,libr>ians n[1 x is pleasant to see1 h a diff]5t notion ( _! tru/1 & are 9 ! habit ( prep>+ = ! direction ( ! inexp]i5c$ li/s ( su* books z !y ?9k be/ wor? read+4 ,catalog+ has also1 ?anks 9 great measure to ,am]ican libr>ians1 become a sci5ce1 & catalogs1 ceas+ to be labyr9?s )\t a clew1 are furni%$ ) f+]-po/s at e turn4 ,subject catalogs aga9 save ! beg9n] a va/ deal ( "t & tr\ble1 by supply+ him = no?+ ) "o at lea/ ( ! results ( ?or\gh s*ol>%ip1 ! kn[+ :]e to look = :at he wants4 ,i d n mean by ?is t !re is or c be any %ort-cut to le>n+1 b t !re may be1 & is1 su* a %ort-cut to in=mation t w make le>n+ m easily accessible4 ,b h y ev] rightly consid]$ :at ! m]e ability to read means8 ,t x is ! key t admits u to ! :ole _w ( ?\ght & fancy & imag9ation2 to ! company ( sa9t & sage1 ( ! wise/ & ! wittie/ at _! wise/ & wittie/ mom5t8 ,t x enables u to see ) ! ke5e/ eyes1 he> ) ! f9e/ e>s1 & li/5 to ! sweete/ voices ( all "t8 ,m ?an t1 x annihilates "t & space = u2 x revives = u )\t a miracle ! ,age ( ,wond]1 end[+ u ) ! %oes ( swiftness & ! cap ( d>kness1 s t we walk invisible l f]n se$ & witness unh>m$ ! plague at ,a!ns or ,flor5ce or ,london1 accompany+ ,caes> on 8 m>*es1 or look 9 on ,catil9e 9 c\ncil ) 8 fell[-conspirators1 or ,guy ,fawkes 9 ! cell> ( ,/4 ,/eph5's4 ,we (t5 he> ( p :o w desc5d to any s]vility1 submit to any insult1 = ! sake ( gett+ !mselves or _! *ildr5 into :at is euphemi/ically call$ good society4 ,did x ev] occur to !m t !re is a select society ( all ! c5turies to :i* !y & !irs c be admitt$ = ! ask+--a society1 too1 :i* w n involve !m 9 ru9\s exp5se & /ill m ru9\s wa/e ( "t & heal? & faculties8 ,s\!y tells u t1 9 8 walk1 "o /ormy day1 he met an old woman1 to :om1 by way ( greet+1 he made ! r obvi\s rem>k t x 0 dreadful wea!r4 ,%e answ]$1 philosophically1 t1 9 h] op9ion1 'any wea!r 0 bett] ?an none6' ,i %\ld be half incl9$ to say t any read+ 0 bett] ?an none1 allay+ ! crud5ess ( ! /atem5t by ! ,yankee prov]b1 :i* tells u t1 ?\gh 'all deacons are good1 !re's odds 9 deacons4' ,among books1 c]ta9ly !re is mu* v>iety ( company1 rang+ f ! be/ to ! wor/1 f ,plato to ,zola1 & ! fir/ lesson 9 read+ well is t :i* tea*es u to di/+ui% betwe5 lit]ature & m]ely pr9t$ matt]4 ,! *oice lies :olly ) ourselves4 ,we h ! key put into our h&s2 %all we unlock ! pantry or ! oratory8 ,!re is a ,walla*ian leg5d :i*1 l mo/ ( ! figm5ts ( popul> fancy1 has a moral 9 x4 ,"o ,bakala1 a good-=-no?+ k9d ( fell[ 9 8 way1 hav+ _h ! luck to (f] a sacrifice especially well pleas+ to ,god1 is tak5 up into heav54 ,he f9ds ! ,almighty sitt+ 9 some?+ l ! be/ room ( a ,walla*ian peasant's cottage--!re is always some?+ pr(\ndly pa!tic 9 ! homel9ess ( ! popul> imag9ation1 =c$1 l ! pr9cess 9 ! fairy tale1 to weave its semblance ( gold tissue out ( /raw4 ,on be+ ask$ :at rew>d he desires = ! good s]vice he has done1 ,bakala1 :o _h always passionately long$ to be ! own] ( a bagpipe1 see+ a half worn\t "o ly+ among "s rubbi% 9 a corn] ( ! room1 begs eag]ly t x may be be/[$ on him4 ,! ,"l1 ) a smile ( pity at ! meanness ( 8 *oice1 grants him 8 boon1 & ,bakala goes back to e>? delight$ ) 8 prize4 ,) an inf9ite possibility )9 8 rea*1 ) ! *oice ( wisdom1 ( p[]1 ( beauty at 8 tongue's end1 he ask$ accord+ to 8 k9d1 & 8 sordid wi% is answ]$ ) a gift z sordid4 ,yes1 !re is a *oice 9 books z 9 fri5ds1 & ! m9d s9ks or rises to ! level ( its habitual society1 is subdu$1 z ,%akespe>e says ( ! dy]'s h&1 to :at x works 94 ,cato's advice1 cum bonis ambula1 consort ) ! good1 is q z true if we ext5d x to books1 = !y1 too1 ins5sibly give away _! own nature to ! m9d t conv]ses ) !m4 ,!y ei!r beckon upw>d or drag d[n4 ,& x is c]ta9ly true t ! mat]ial ( ?\ght reacts ^u ! ?\ght itself4 ,%akespe>e himself w\ld h be5 commonplace _h he be5 paddock$ 9 a ?9ly %av5 vocabul>y1 & ,phidias1 _h he work$ 9 wax1 only a m inspir$ ,mrs4 ,j>ley4 ,a man is kn[n1 says ! prov]b1 by ! company he keeps1 & n only s1 b made by x4 ,milton makes 8 fall5 angels gr[ small to ent] ! inf]nal c\ncil room1 b ! s\l1 :i* ,god meant to be ! spaci\s *amb] :]e high ?\ghts & g5]\s aspirations might commune toge!r1 %r9ks & n>r[s itself to ! measure ( ! mean] company t is wont to ga!r !re1 hat*+ conspiracies aga9/ our bett] selves4 ,we are apt to wond] at ! s*ol>%ip ( ! m5 ( ?ree c5turies ago & at a c]ta9 dignity ( phrase t *>act]izes !m4 ,!y 7 s*ol>s because !y did n read s _m ?+s z we4 ,!y _h few] books1 b ^! 7 ( ! be/4 ,_! spee* 0 noble1 because !y lun*$ ) ,plut>* & supp$ ) ,plato4 ,we sp5d z mu* "t ov] pr9t z !y did1 b in/ead ( commun+ ) ! *oice ?\ghts ( *oice spirits1 & unconsci\sly acquir+ ! gr& mann] ( t supreme society1 we dilig5tly in=m ourselves & cov] ! cont95t ) a network ( speak+ wires to in=m u ( su* inspir+ facts z t a horse belong+ to ,mr4 ,smi? ran away on ,w$nesday1 s]i\sly damag+ a valuable c>ryall2 t a son ( ,mr4 ,br[n swall[$ a hickory nut on ,?ursday2 & t a gravel bank cav$ 9 & buri$ ,mr4 ,rob9son alive on ,friday4 ,alas6 x is we ourselves t are gett+ buri$ alive "u ?is avalan*e ( e>?y imp]t95ces4 ,x is we :o1 :ile we might ea* 9 8 humble way be help+ our fell[s into ! "r pa?1 or add+ "o block to ! climb+ spire ( a f9e s\l1 are will+ to become m]e sponges saturat$ f ! /agnant goosepond ( village gossip4 ,"o is sometimes ask$ by "y p to recomm5d a c\rse ( read+4 ,my advice w\ld be t !y %\ld conf9e !mselves to ! supreme books 9 :atev] lit]ature1 or /ill bett] to *oose "s "o great au?or1 & make !mselves ?or\ghly famili> ) him4 ,=1 z all roads lead to ,rome1 s d !y likewise lead away f x1 & y w f9d t1 9 ord] to und]/& p]fectly & weigh exactly any vital piece ( lit]ature1 y w be gradually & pleasantly p]suad$ to excursions & explorations ( :i* y little dream$ :5 y began1 & w f9d y\rselves s*ol>s be=e y are aw>e4 ,= rememb] t !re is no?+ less pr(itable ?an s*ol>%ip = ! m]e sake ( s*ol>%ip1 nor any?+ m we>isome 9 ! atta9m5t4 ,b ! mom5t y h a def9ite aim att5tion is quick5$1 ! "m ( memory1 & all t y acquire gr\ps & arranges itself 9 an ord] t is lucid1 because ev]y:]e & always x is 9 intellig5t relation to a c5tral object ( con/ant & gr[+ int]e/4 ,?is me?od also =ces ^u u ! necessity ( ?9k+1 :i* is1 aft] all1 ! highe/ result ( all education4 ,= :at we want is n le>n+1 b k--t is1 ! p[] to make le>n+ answ] its true end z a quick5] ( intellig5ce & a wid5] ( our intellectual sympa?ies4 ,i d n mean to say t e "o is fitt$ by nature or incl9ation = a def9ite c\rse ( /udy1 or inde$ = s]i\s /udy 9 any s5se4 ,i am q will+ t ^! %\ld 'br[se 9 a libr>y1' z ,dr4 ,johnson call$ x1 'to _! he>ts' cont5t4 ,x is1 p]haps1 ! only way 9 :i* "t may be pr(itably wa/$4 ,b desultory read+ w n make a full man1 z ,bacon und]/ood x1 ( "o :o has n ,johnson's memory1 8 p[] ( assimilation1 &1 above all1 8 compreh5sive view ( ! relations ( ?+s4 ,read n1 says ,"l ,bacon1 9 8 ,essay ( ,/udies1 to contradict & confute2 nor to believe & take = grant$2 nor to f9d talk & disc\rse2 b to weigh & consid]4 ,"s books are to be ta/$1 o!rs to be swall[$1 & "s few to be *ew$ & dige/$--t is1 "s books are to be read only 9 p>ts2 o!rs to be read1 b n curi\sly 7c>efully71 & "s few to be read :olly & ) dilig5ce & att5tion4 ,"s books also may be read by deputy4 ,?is is weighty & well said1 & ,i w\ld call y\r att5tion especially to ! wise words ) :i* ! passage closes4 ,i h be5 speak+ ( su* books z %\ld be *os5 = pr(itable read+4 ,a public libr>y1 ( c\rse1 mu/ be f> wid] 9 its scope4 ,x %\ld conta9 some?+ = all ta/es1 z well z ! mat]ial = a ?or\gh gr\nd+ 9 all bran*es ( k4 ,x %\ld be ri* 9 books ( ref]5ce1 9 encyclopa$ias1 :]e "o may le>n )\t co/ ( rese>* :at ?+s are g5]ally kn[n4 ,= x is f> m useful to "k ^! ?an to "k ^? t are n g5]ally kn[n4 ,n to "k !m is ! defect ( ^? half tra9$ & !re=e ha/y m5 :o f9d a m>e's ne/ on e bran* ( ! tree ( k4 ,a libr>y %\ld conta9 ample /ores ( hi/ory1 :i*1 if x d n always des]ve ! pomp\s title :i* ,bol+broke gave x1 ( philosophy tea*+ by example1 c]ta9ly tea*es _m ?+s pr(itable = u to "k & lay to he>t2 tea*es among o!r ?+s h[ mu* ( ! pres5t is /ill held 9 mortma9 by ! pa/2 tea*es t1 if !re be no controll+ purpose1 !re is1 at lea/1 a /]nly logical sequ5ce 9 human affairs1 & t *ance has b a trifl+ dom9ion ov] !m2 tea*es :y ?+s are & mu/ be s & n o!rwise2 tea*es1 p]haps1 m ?an any?+ else1 ! value ( p]sonal "* z a *ief factor 9 :at us$ to be call$ de/9y1 = t cause is /rong :i* has n a multitude b "o /rong man beh9d x4 ,hi/ory is inde$ ma9ly ! biography ( a few imp]ial m51 & =ces home ^u u ! useful lesson h[ inf9itesimally important our own private affairs are to ! univ]se 9 g5]al4 ,hi/ory is cl>ifi$ exp]i5ce1 & yet h[ little d m5 pr(it by x--nay1 h[ %\ld we expect x ( ^? :o s seldom are taught any?+ by _! own6 ,delusions1 especially economical delusions1 seem ! only ?+s t h any *ance ( an e>?ly immortality4 ,i w\ld h pl5ty ( biography4 ,x is no insignificant fact t em95t m5 h always lov$ _! ,plut>*1 s9ce example1 :e!r = emulation or avoidance1 is nev] s poignant z :5 pres5t$ to u 9 a /rik+ p]sonality4 ,autobiographies are also in/ructive read+ to ! /ud5t ( human nature1 ?\gh g5]ally writt5 by m5 :o 7 m int]e/+ to !mselves ?an to _! fell[-m54 ,i h be5 told t ,em]son & ,george ,eliot agre$ 9 ?9k+ ,r\sseau's ,confessions ! mo/ int]e/+ book !y _h ev] read4 ,a public libr>y %\ld also h _m & full %elves ( political economy1 = ! dismal sci5ce1 z ,c>lyle call$ x1 if x prove no?+ else1 w g f> t[>d prov+ t !ory is ! bird 9 ! bu%1 ?\gh %e s+ m sweetly ?an ! night+ale1 & t ! mill5nium w n ha/5 its com+ 9 def]5ce to ! mo/ conv9c+ /r+ ( resolutions t 7 ev] unanim\sly adopt$ 9 public meet+4 ,x likewise induces 9 u a pr(\nd di/ru/ ( social panaceas4 ,i w\ld h a public libr>y abundant 9 translations ( ! be/ books 9 all languages2 = ?\gh no "w ( g5ius c be adequately translat$1 because e ^w ( x is p]meat$ ) :at ,milton calls '! preci\s life blood ( a ma/] _s1' :i* _c be transfus$ into ! ve9s ( ! be/ translation1 yet "s acqua9tance ) =eign & anci5t lit]atures has ! lib]aliz+ effect ( =eign travel4 ,he :o travels by translation travels m ha/ily & sup]ficially1 b br+s home some?+ t is wor? hav+1 nev]!less4 ,translations prop]ly us$1 by %ort5+ ! labor ( acquisition1 add z _m ye>s to our lives z !y subtract f ! processes ( our education4 ,9 su* a libr>y ! sci5ces %\ld be fully repres5t$1 t m5 may at lea/ le>n to "k 9 :at a m>vell\s museum !y live1 :at a wond] work] is giv+ !m an exhibition daily = no?+4 ,nor let art be =gott5 9 all its _m =ms1 n z ! anti!sis ( sci5ce1 b z h] eld] or fair] si/]1 :om we love all ! m t h] usefulness _c be demon/rat$ 9 doll>s & c5ts4 ,i %\ld be ?ankful if an e day labor] among u c\ld h 8 m9d illum9$1 z ^? ( ,a!ns & ( ,flor5ce _h1 ) "s image ( :at is be/ 9 ar*itecture1 pa9t+ & sculpture to tra9 8 crude p]ceptions & p]haps call out lat5t faculties4 ,i %\ld l to see ! works ( ,rusk9 )9 ! rea* ( e artisan among u4 ,= ,i hope "s day t ! delicacy ( t\* & accuracy ( eye t h made our me*anics 9 "s dep>tm5ts ! be/ 9 ! _w may give u ! same supremacy 9 works ( wid] range & m purely ideal scope4 ,voyages & travels ,i w\ld also h1 good /ore1 especially ! e>li]1 :5 ! _w 0 fre% & unhackney$ & m5 saw ?+s invisible to ! mod]n eye4 ,!y are fa/ sail+ %ips to waft away f pres5t tr\ble to ! ,=tunate ,isles4 ,to wa% d[n ! dry] morsels t e libr>y mu/ necess>ily (f] at its bo>d1 let !re be pl5ty ( imag9ative lit]ature1 & let its range be n too n>r[ to /ret* f ,dante to ! eld] ,dumas4 ,! _w ( ! imag9ation is n ! _w ( ab/raction & non5tity1 z "s conceive1 b a _w =m$ out ( *aos by ! s5se ( ! beauty t is 9 man & ! e>? on :i* he dwells4 ,x is ! realm ( might be1 our heav5 ( refuge f ! %ortcom+s & disillusions ( life4 ,x is1 to quote ,sp5s]1 :o knew x well1 ,! _w's sweet inn f c>e & we>isome turmoil4 ,d we believe1 !n1 t ,god gave u 9 mock]y ?is spl5did faculty ( sympa?y ) ?+s t are a joy =ev]8 ,= my "p1 ,i believe t ! love & /udy ( works ( imag9ation is ( practical utility 9 a c\ntry s pr(\ndly mat]ial 9 its lead+ t5d5cies z ours4 ,! hung] aft] purely intellectual delights1 ! cont5t ) ideal possessions1 _c b be good = u 9 ma9ta9+ a :olesome balance ( ! "* & ( ! faculties4 ,i = "o %all nev] be p]suad$1 t ,%akespe>e left a less useful legacy to 8 c\ntrym5 ?an ,watt4 ,we hold all ! deepe/1 all ! highe/ satisfactions ( life z t5ants ( imag9ation4 ,nature w keep up ! supply ( :at are call$ h>d-head$ p )\t our help1 &1 if x come to t1 !re are o!r z good uses = heads z at ! end ( batt]+ rams4 ,i "k t !re are _m excell5t p :o object to ! read+ ( novels z a wa/e ( "t1 if n z o!rwise h>mful4 ,b ,i ?9k !y are try+ to outwit nature1 :o is sure to prove cunn+] ?an !y4 ,look at *ildr54 ,"o boy %all want a *e/ ( tools & "o a book1 & ( ^? :o want books "o %all ask = a botany1 ano!r = a romance4 ,!y w be sure to get :at !y want1 & we are do+ a grave wrong to _! morals by driv+ !m to d ?+s on ! sly1 to /eal t food :i* _! con/itution craves & :i* is :olesome = !m1 in/ead ( hav+ x freely & frankly giv5 !m z ! wise/ possible diet4 ,if we _c make a silk purse out ( a s['s e>1 s nei!r c we hope to succe$ ) ! opposite exp]im5t4 ,b we may spoil ! silk = its legitimate uses4 ,i c conceive ( no heal?i] read+ = a boy1 or girl ei!r1 ?an ,scott's novels or ,coop]'s1 to speak only ( ! dead4 ,i h f\nd !m v good read+ at lea/ = "o "y man1 = "o middle-ag$ man1 & = "o :o is gr[+ old4 ,no1 no2 bani% ! ,antiqu>y1 bani% ,lea!r ,/ock+1 & bani% all ! _w6 ,let u n g ab\t to make life dull] ?an x is4 ,b ,i mu/ %ut ! doors ( my imag9>y libr>y1 or ,i %all nev] end4 ,x is left = me to say a few words ( fitt+ ackn[l$gm5t to ,mr4 ,fitz = 8 judici\s & g5]\s gift4 ,x is always a pleasure to me t ,i believe ! cu/om ( giv+ away money dur+ _! lifetime 7& !re is no?+ h>d] = mo/ m5 to "p )1 except prejudice7 is m common ) ,am]icans ?an ) any o!r p4 ,x is a /ill great] pleasure to see t ! favorite direction ( _! b5efic5ce is t[>d ! f\nd+ ( colleges & libr>ies4 ,my obs]vation has l$ me to believe t !re is no c\ntry 9 :i* weal? is s s5sible ( its obligations z our own4 ,&1 z mo/ ( our ri* m5 h ris5 f ! ranks1 may we n fairly attribute ?is sympa?y ) _! k9d to ! b5ign influ5ce ( democracy rightly und]/ood8 ,my de> & honor$ fri5d1 ,george ,william ,curtis1 told me t he 0 sitt+ 9 front ( ! late ,mr4 ,ezra ,cornell 9 a conv5tion1 :]e "o ( ! speak]s made a ,lat9 quotation4 ,mr4 ,cornell lean$ =w>d & ask$ = a translation ( x1 :i* ,mr4 ,curtis gave him4 ,mr4 ,cornell ?ank$ him1 & add$3 ,if ,i c help x1 no "y man %all gr[ up 9 ,new ,york h]eaft] )\t ! *ance1 at lea/1 ( kn[+ :at a ,lat9 quotation means :5 he he>s x4 ,?is 0 ! g]m ( ,cornell ,univ]sity1 & x f\nd food = its roots 9 t sympa?y & ?\ghtfulness = o!rs ( :i* ,i j spoke4 ,?is is ! heal?y side ( t good nature :i* democracy t5ds to fo/]1 & :i* is s (t5 h>mful :5 x has its root 9 indol5ce or indiff]5ce2 especially h>mful :]e our public affairs are conc]n$1 & :]e x is easie/1 because !re we are giv+ away :at belongs to o!r p4 ,9 ?is c\ntry x is z laudably easy to procure signatures to a subscription pap] z x is %amefully s to obta9 !m = c]tificates ( "* & recomm5dations to (fice4 ,& is n ?is public _s a natural evolution f t frame ( m9d 9 :i* ,new ,engl& 0 coloniz$1 & :i* f\nd expression 9 ^! grave words ( ,rob9son & ,brew/]3 ,we are knit toge!r z a body 9 a mo/ /rict & sacr$ bond & cov5ant ( ! ,"l1 ( ! violation ( :i* we make great consci5ce1 & by virtue :]e( we hold ourselves /rictly ti$ to all c>e ( ea* o!r's good1 & ( ! :ole4 ,let u nev] =get ! deep & solemn import ( ^! words4 ,! problem be=e u is to make a :ole ( our _m discordant p>ts1 _m =eign elem5ts1 & ,i "k ( no way 9 :i* ?is c bett] be done ?an by provid+ a common sy/em ( education & a common door ( access to ! be/ books by :i* t education may be cont9u$1 broad5$1 & made fruitful4 ,= x is c]ta9 t1 :atev] we d or leave undone1 ^? discordant p>ts & =eign elem5ts are to be1 :e!r we w or no1 memb]s ( t body :i* ,rob9son & ,brew/] _h 9 m9d1 bone ( our bone1 & fle% ( our fle%1 = good or ill4 ,!re is no way 9 :i* a man c build s secure & la/+ a monum5t = himself z 9 a public libr>y4 ,^u t he may confid5tly all[ ,resurgam to be c>v$1 = ?r\gh 8 good de$ he w rise aga9 9 ! grateful remembrance & 9 ! lift$ & broad5$ m9ds & =tifi$ *>act]s ( g5]ation aft] g5]ation4 ,! pyramids may =get _! build]s1 b memorials su* z ?is h long] memories4 ,mr4 ,fitz has done 8 "p 9 provid+ y\r libr>y ) a dwell+4 ,x w be = ! citiz5s ( ,*elsea to provide x ) wor?y habitants4 ,s %all !y1 too1 h a %>e 9 ! noble eulogy ( ! anci5t wise man3 ,! tea*]s %all %9e z ! firmam5t1 & !y t turn _m to righte\sness z ! />s =ev] & ev]4 ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,good ,,books ,! foll[+ p>agraphs1 :i* are f an address deliv]$ by ,rev4 ,dr4 ,colly] at ! op5+ ( ! ,ri*>d ,sugd5 ,libr>y at ,sp5c]1 ,mass41 are tak5 f a report 9 ,! ,libr>y ,j\rnal 7,septemb]1 #ahhi74 ,! autobiographical portions1 p]haps1 are little relat$ to ! progress ( libr>ies "h 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b _! int]e/ is s great t m ( !m h be5 includ$ "h ?an are /rictly p]t95t to our subject4 ,rob]t ,colly] 0 born 9 ,keighley1 ,york%ire1 ,eng41 ,dec4 #h1 #ahbc4 ,he 0 appr5tic$ to a blacksmi? z a boy ( #ad1 came to ,%oemak]t[n1 ,pa41 ) 8 p>5ts 9 #ahej & foll[$ !re ! trade ( a hamm]mak]4 ,lat] he ent]$ ! m9i/ry ( ! ,unit>ian *ur* & 9 #ahfj f\nd$ ,unity *ur* 9 ,*icago4 ,9 #ahgi he became pa/or ( ! ,*ur* ( ! ,messiah 9 ,new ,york ,city1 :]e he di$ 9 #aiab4 ,:5 ,ri*>d ,sugd5 ask$ me to come to ,sp5c] & say "s ^w :i* w\ld fit ?is occasion1 ,i wrote him by ! next mail t ,i %\ld be ev] s glad to come1 & felt t x 0 a great honor to receive su* an invitation1 & a great pleasure4 ,nor 0 ! tr\ble ( mu* acc\nt--:i* t\*es u all :o say ,aye to su* an invitation on ! impulse ( ! mom5t & !n wond] h[ we %all make our promise good4 ,my old fri5d want$ me to come1 & n ano!r & bett] man1 & to say ! ^w :i* 0 9 my he>t to-day1 :atev] ?is might be2 & ?is 0 en\gh1 because ,i _h read 9 ! pap]s--:at he 0 f> too mode/ to tell me1 beyond ! m]e/ m5tion--ab\t ! gift ( ,ri*>d ,sugd5 to 8 t[n1 & s ,i said x makes no great matt] :at any man may say1 ! ?+ he has done tells its own /ory1 & tells x m nobly ?an ,i c\ld ev] hope to d1 m nobly & 9 ?is fa%ion :i* %ames my spee*4 ,= our words float away on ! summ] w9ds1 to be caught1 x may be1 & set 9 type & read by ^? :o c>e = su* ?+s1 & !n to die & be =gott52 b ?is y\r fri5d & m9e has done 9 ,sp5c] w be eloqu5t ) ! sil5ce :i* is gold51 & /ill tell its tale :5 we are all dead & du/ :o ga!r "h to-day4 ,x is a poor & scant manhood :i* does n long n[ & !n to be rememb]$ "s little :ile aft] ! grass gr[s gre5 & ! daisies bloom on ! grave4 ,to h !m speak ( u at ! fire-side & 9 ! work%op & ! m>ket1 rememb]+ :at 0 wor?y 9 u & =gett+ :at 0 base1 ?\gh !re may be no m to tell by comp>ison ?an ,dr4 ,ripley told d[n 9 ,concord1 z he /ood by ! du/ ( a man 9 8 own t[n1 & be+ sorely tr\bl$ to f9d "s real wor? 9 ! man's life he c\ld dwell on = a mom5t1 said1 ,he 0 ! be/ man ,i ev] knew at a fire4 ,i _c ev5 guess :e!r ,ri*>d ,sugd5 ev] ?\ght ( ?is z "o ( ! rew>ds :i* mu/ return to him = 8 gift to ,sp5c]1 & ,i love to ?9k t to 8 g5]\s he>t ! "w 0 its own rew>d4 ,b ,i say1 z we /& "h on ?is day ( gift & d$ication1 t if ?is _h be5 8 sole purpose1 to be held 9 grateful remembrance ( 8 fell[-t[nsm5 & _! *ildr5 ?r\gh c5turies ( "t1 !n he has tak5 out an insurance t w /& good always & keep 8 memory gre5 9 ! t[n ( ,sp5c]4 ,& n "h alone1 b f> away across ! sea 9 old ,york%ire1 :]e 8 home 0 9 ! old "t be=e he came to ?is new _w to seek 8 =tune1 &1 f> m & bett] ?an t1 to e>n x hone/ly & well4 ,! /ory w be told !re long aft] to-day & to-morr[1 h[ "o ( ! ,sugd5s :o w5t out f among !m gave ?is gift1 & !n ! ki? & k9 w hold up _! heads & feel t ! f9e old "n has won /ill ano!r pat5t ( nobility4 ,a poor y\? he 0 9 ! n>r[1 contract$1 de> old l&1 :]e ! poor 7 held by a cruel bit4 ,& a voice came to him1 say+1 ,get !e out f ?y k9dr$ & ?y fa!r's h\se unto a l& t ,i w tell !e (2 & he foll[$ ! voice1 z ,i did also1 to ! promis$ l&2 c>v$ out 8 =tune hone/ & fair1 ,i say1 b !n c\ld n be cont5t to enri* 8 own family alone1 or1 z s _m d1 to rememb] 8 t[n 9 8 w4 ,he mu/ build ?is noble /ructure1 please ,god1 9 8 own lifetime1 & convey x by free gift to y & y\rs =ev]2 & s ! "w is done1 & s well done1 to all seem+1 t if y c>e = ! gift z y\r fri5d has c>$ = its creation1 we may say1 z old ,&rew ,fairs]vice said ( ! ca!dral 9 ,glasg[1 ,keep airn & gunpood] aff x1 & x w /& to ! crack o'doom4 ,my fri5d & y\rs is also an ,engli%man & a ,york%ireman1 z y "k1 by bir? & bre$+1 z ,i am also1 & ,i am ! m glad & pr\d ( :at he has done = t reason2 because ,i /ill love old ,engl& ) a v t5d] love aft] ^! =ty ye>s ( abs5ce1 z ,i "k he does also4 ,b ,i h _h to notice h[ v _m ( u :o came "h f ,engl& to f9d a home 9 ! ,am]ican republic1 & x may be make _! =tune1 c f9d no?+ s good 9 ?is new _w z t !y left beh9d !m1 & no matt] h[ mu* weal? !y may w91 !y d no?+ z a rule = ! t[n !y live 91 l ?is y\r fri5d has done 9 ,sp5c]4 ,he c\ld n be cont5t to be a m]e exile f ,engl&1 he mu/ be a citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & bl5d 8 life ) ! life 9 ?is new _w :i* has made him s mu* m ( a man ?an he ev] c\ld h be5 _h he /ay$ on t hill-side 9 old ,york%ire4 ,?is is ! true home ( 8 he>t & life1 "h he won 8 weal? & f\nd ample room to gr[ to be ! man y honor1 & "h is "o pro( among _m he has giv5 9 all ^! ye>s1 t :ile he 0 born 9 ,engl& & is pr\d ( x1 ?\gh he may n say s1 he 0 born aga9 9 ,am]ica1 & does n love ! old l& less b ! new l& m1 z e man mu/ :o comes "h to %>e y\r life1 if he is wor? 8 salt4 ,y w p>don me1 ,i "k1 z y receive ! gift1 = ?is ^w 9 praise ( ! giv]1 :ile he may f9d x h>d to d s2 b = t ,i d n c>e1 because 9 ask+ me to come "h & say ! ^w t 0 9 my he>t he mu/ run 8 risk & take x z x came to me1 & insi/$ on be+ said4 ,ri*>d ,sugd5 falls into l9e ) our home-born m5 f> & wide1 b especially 9 ,massa*usetts1 :o h done or are ready to d "s su* ?+ z he has done n[ 9 ,sp5c]--build+ ^! public libr>ies 9 ! t[ns :]e !y live or f :i* !y w5t away to seek _! =tune2 public libr>ies1 :i* range ) ! s*ools & *ur*es & ! t[n halls2 :i* are ! f\r-squ>e def5ce ( our life z citiz5s ( ! republic & ( our intellig5ce & virtue1 :5 !y are nobly ma9ta9$4 ,!y c d no nobl] ?+4 ,!y are sure ( _! rew>d1 also1 if !y want "o1 9 ! grateful remembrance ( _! t[ns & cities1 & op5 ! way = o!rs aga9 :o wond] :at !y c d to ! f9e/ purpose2 m5 :o h made _! =tune & h n be5 /ruck by :at we may call ! gre5back p>alysis1 ?r\gh :i* ! h& t gets takes all ! /r5g? f ! h& t gives4 ,:at c we d bett]1 !y w say 9 su* a case1 ?an ?is ,ri*>d ,sugd5 has done = ,sp5c]1 & _m ano!r man f> & wide8--see to x t our t[n also %all h a public libr>y1 :i* %all be its pride & joy1 & make p]fect s f> z we c ! def5ce f ignorance & vice & crime2 op5 a f\nta9 f :i* ! wat]s ( life may fl[ =ev] = ^? :o ?ir/ = k or :atev] good books c give !m8 ,&1 z ,i h _h to notice up among ! m\nta9s ?is summ] h[ ,i w\ld n feel ?ir/y till ,i came to a cle>1 cool spr+1 b !n w\ld dr9k to my he>t's cont5t1 s su* f\nta9s z ^! w also create ! ?ir/ !y c s nobly allay1 :ile /ill we keep on dr9k+ 9 answ] to _! p]petual invitation1 z ! ye>s come & g4 ,& n[ %all ,i tell y a v simple /ory t\*+ my own life1 :i* w help to make good my ?\ght ( ! wor? ( ?is y are do+ 9 ,sp5c] ?r\gh y\r free public libr>y1 & h be5 do+1 z ,i und]/&1 ^! #cj ye>s1 :i* is 9 itself a great & s+ul> honor to y\r t[n1 ma9ta9+ a free libr>y & read+-room at y\r own prop] *>ges1 = :i* y\r fri5d & fell[-citiz5 has built ?is noble edifice1 ) "s su* feel+ z he _h 9 ! old "t :o built ! temple t ! ark ( ! cov5ant & ! rod :i* budd$ & ! sacr$ books might h an abid+ & spl5did home4 ,x 0 my lot to be born z y\r fri5d 0 & m9e1 9 a poor & small home1 ) ?is ?ir/ 9 my nature1 z f> back z ,i c rememb]1 = some?+ to read4 ,& ,i m9d v well ! fir/ book ,i ev] b\ght ) my own p5ny1 ! delectable hi/ory ( ,:itt+ton & 8 ,cat1 :i* ca/ su* a spell ov] my imag9ation t :5 ,i w5t up ,highgate ,hill ov] ,london ! o!r summ]1 & saw ! /one on :i* poor ,dick sat d[n to he> ! bells r++ f> bel[1 :i* lur$ him back aga9 to fame & =tune1 ,i f\nd ,i 0 a small boy aga9 read+ my small wond]-book1 & ! old /one divid$ ! honors ( a t5d] int]e/ ) ! r$ granite %aft set above ! grave ( ! woman ( f9e/ g5ius ,engl& has to h] "n1 ,george ,eliot1 :i* is a few m9utes' walk away4 ,!re 7 a few books 9 our small cottage ( ?ree rooms1 b ^! 7 among ! be/ 9 ! ,engli% tongue1 ! ,bible & ,bunyan & ,goldsmi?1 ) a few m ,i d n n[ rememb]1 b ^! ,i read z y dr9k at cle>1 cool spr+s4 ,!n a man came along f ov] ! moors & br\ght ,burns ) him1 & ano!r br\ght ,%akespe>e4 ,my fa!r borr[$ ^! = me to read1 & ! _w grew great & wide & wond]ful to me z ,i read !m1 :ile to ?is day ,i notice t ,i c>e m = ! hi/ory ( ,engl& 9 ,%akespe>e's gr& dramas ?an ,i d = ,hume & ,fr\de & ,macaulay1 s great 0 ! spell ca/ aga9 ov] my life4 ,!n an old f>m] came along ) a c\ple ( volumes1 & said1 ,"h1 lad1 ,i notice ?\ is fond o' good read+1 & ,i ?9k ?\ w l to read ^! books4 ,x 0 ,irv+'s ,sket*-,book & x 0 ,*ri/mas day1 & ,i 0 away f home !n & lonesome1 want+ to be ) my folks & to sit by ! old fireside1 b ! magic w& ( ,irv+ t\*$ me & /ole away all my te>s4 ,/ill1 z y may see1 ?is 0 only h&-to-m\? read+4 ,i _h nev] se5 a public libr>y1 b _h he>d ( !m & long$ to f9d "o some:]e1 sometime1 z1 ,i fe>1 ,i nev] _h long$ to f9d my way into heav54 ,well1 ,i he>d ( "o t _h be5 />t$ only ?ree miles away1 & s ,i w5t ) my he>t 9 my m\? to see :at ,i c\ld f9d to read 9 ! wond]ful new libr>y4 ,i c see ! books n[ /&+ on ! %elves 9 ! small upp] room1 & recall ! old delight ( my y\?4 ,i g into ! ,a/or ,libr>y n[ & !n :5 ,i h "t1 ri* 9 ! lore ( all ! ages1 & h w&]$ ?r\gh "s ( ! f9e/ 9 ! _w beside1 b t small room 9 ,add+ham is /ill ! /ory ( "o's fir/ love4 ,!re 7 "s #bjj volumes1 b "h ,i 0 ) all ?is weal? ( books at my comm& at ab\t ! co/ ( ?ree days' "w 9 a ye>4 ,i _c tell y ! /ory ( t fir/ gr& passion & ! delight ( x4 ,i _h f\nd a libr>y4 ,i l t hone/ ,dut*man1 a f9e old s*ol> says1 :o told me t "o page ( ,plato did him m good ?an t5 bump]s ( w9e1 & t 0 ! way ,i felt ab\t ^? #bjj volumes4 ,i _h f\nd out ! unspeakable delight ( dr9k+ all my he>t c\ld desire1 & /ruck ! mat*less intoxication ( noble & :olesome books1 t leave no heada*e or he>ta*e :5 y are sob]1 only x 0 a good :ile be=e ,i got sob]4 ,!n ,i came 9 due "t to ?is new _w & began to "w aga9 at ! anvil 9 ,p5nsylvania1 my own prop] bus9ess ,i expect$ to foll[ all my life1 & pres5tly he>d ( a libr>y 9 ! small t[n ( ,hatboro1 six or sev5 miles away1 six "o way & sev5 ! o!r4 ,a f9e old f>m] _h f\nd a long :ile ago t ?is 0 ! noble/ use he c\ld make ( a good deal ( 8 money1 to build up a libr>y away among ! ri* gre5 l&s1 & s !re x 0 wait+ = me ) its treasure ( good books4 ,i see !m aga9 z !y /& on ! %elves1 & ?9k ,i c\ld walk "r 9 & lay my h&s on ^? t won me mo/ pot5tly & ca/ _! spell aga9 ov] my he>t1 ?\gh x is five & ?irty ye>s s9ce ,i 0 )9 ! doors4 ,i may m5tion ,haw?orne among !m all z ! au?or ,i f\nd !re = ! fir/ "t :o won my he>t = good & all1 z we may say1 & holds x /ill4 ,!n ,i f\nd a great treasure 9 no long "t 9 ,philadelphia1 t ,i c\ld no m exhau/ ?an y c exhau/ ! spr+ we h be5 glanc+ at by dr9k+1 :i* dips d[n t[>d ! deepness ( ! _w4 ,i 0 /ill b\nd fa/ to ! anvil1 = ?is 0 our liv+1 b !re 0 my life1 s f> z good books c\ld make x1 ri* = me & noble 9 ! great libr>y aga9 sev5 miles away4 ,s :at matt] ab\t ! h>d day's "w at ! anvil1 :ile !re 0 "s new volume to read :5 ! day's "w 0 done or old "o to read ) an ev] new delight4 ,my new book or old "o1 ) ! sweet gre5 lane 9 ! summ] "t :]e ,i c\ld walk :ile ! birds sang _! mat+ song1 & ! fragrance ( ! gre5 ?+s gr[+ float$ on ! s(t summ] air1 & ! fireside 9 w9t] ) ! good wife busy ab\t ! room1 & ! little ones sleep+ 9 _! cribs1 ,i look back to ^? times /ill & wond] :e!r !y 7 n ! be/ ,i ev] knew4 ,i 0 read+ "s l9es ! o!r day 9 an old ,engli% ballad writt5 #cjj ye>s ago1 & !y told ! /ory ( ^? times3 ,o = a booke1 & a %adie nook1 ey!r indoore1 or out1 ,) ! gre5 leaves :isp'r+ ov]h$e1 or ! /reete cries all ab\t1 ,:]e ,i maie reade1 all at my ease1 bo? ( ! ,new & ,olde1 ,= a "r good ,booke1 :]eon to looke1 0 bett] to me ?an ,golde4 ,& s ,i t\* ! /ory ( my own life = "s poor evid5ce ( :at good books c d = u & = ! wor? ( :at y h be5 do+ 9 ,sp5c] all ^! ye>s1 & are made glad to day by ?is libr>y build+ :i* cr[ns ! good endeavor2 a place t w n %ame b w glorify y\r purpose & hold x to ! noble/ & be/ endeavors y c make 9 ! "t to come1 = su* a %r9e w be sure to draw books to x always1 wor?y ( its beauty & grace1 & !re w be o!r m5 & wom5 also to foll[ 9 ! /eps ( ,ri*>d ,sugd51 & br+ to x co/ly works & r>e & beautiful1 wor?y to be 9 ! palaces ( k+s :ile /ill y w see to x t ! noble provision ( books = ! g5]al read+ re/s directly z x has done s long on y\r own g5]\s c>e4 ,y h made ?is noble boon ( good books easy & opul5t = ! work+m5 ( ,sp5c]4 ,:5 ,i came to ?is new _w & _h n he>d z yet ( t libr>y among ! gre5 l&s1 b mu/ h books on any t]ms1 & ! t]ms 7 h>d1 & ! good wife wat*+ n ! doll>s b ! v c5ts because !y mu/ all be sav$ to furni% ! little home1 ,i c well rememb] h[ ,i b\ght a book "o day = half a doll>1 f> too big to smuggle into ! cottage1 & hid x 9 ! bu%es1 wat*$ my *ances ! next day1 & got x 9 all safe & s\nd2 & "s days aft]1 :5 %e caught me read+1 & said1 ,:]e did y get t book1 my de>8 ,i answ]$1 ,:y1 ,i h _h x = "s "t2 & !n %e only said1 ,inde$6 = %e 0 pati5t ) me & good2 & !n1 x 0 9 :at somebody calls our treacle moon4 ,! work+m5 ( ,sp5c] fall on happy times4 ,"h are books easy to come at z ! wat] y dr9k & ! air y brea! & /ores ( !m :i* c nev] be exhau/$4 ,if x _h come to pass ?irty ye>s ago t "s man delv+ 9 y\r wild hills _h /ruck gold1 & all ! eag] manhood ( ,new ,engl& _h gone crazy to delve = gold :]e ,sp5c] /&s1 & _h f\nd x 9 mighty /ores1 ,i wond] :e!r t w\ld h be5 su* a boon to ,sp5c] & ! _w z ?is y h done--e/abli%+ great indu/ries & :olesome & good2 beckon+ ! work+ =ces f f> & wide to come "h & take hold ) y on su* t]ms z we c f9d n[h]e else outside ?is new _w4 ,bro!r ,mc,glynn1 ,i rememb]1 z we rode toge!r to ! fun]al ( ,g54 ,grant1 call$ out "s half-doz5 times1 ,god's _w = ! work+man6 ,y did ?is :o 7 ! pione]s ( ! /rong & /eadfa/ t[n1 & !n y said1 ,we mu/ h a free public libr>y1 & pay ! bills2 we h got our *ur*es />t$1 & our s*ools1 & our place = t[n-meet+--! tap-root ( ! tree ( lib]ty 9 ,new ,engl&1 a liv+ tree1 & no m]e lib]ty-pole1 & rea*+ d[n #bjj ye>s--n[ we mu/ complete ! walls ( ! city1 :i* /&e? f\r-squ>e1 by a free public libr>y1 & s d :at m5 may to ma9ta9 a fair public virtue & intellig5ce )9 ! l9es ( ,sp5c]2 ^! m5 we employ %all h books to read ( e k9d any man ought to read1 & ! ought %all be l>ge & free & fair2 & s ! ?+ 0 done4 ,! ?irty ye>s h come & gone2 ! free public libr>y has done its noble & beautiful "w4 ,x is a new dep>ture we t\* to-day 9 ?is c]emony ( gift & acceptance4 ,?is libr>y w gr[ always m wor?y ! "n y\r fri5d & neighbor has made = x f ?is "t4 ,!y say t 9 ,scotl& once a man s5t = 8 m9i/] & said1 ,if ,i give ,l#bj1jjj to ! *ur* d y ?9k x w be reckon$ 9 my acc\nt :5 ,i get ?r\gh d[n "h8 ,& ! m9i/] said3 ,i d n feel sure ab\t t2 b x is weel wor? ! exp]im5t4 ,i d feel sure ab\t ?is1 & ! wor? ( :at y c d1 to be plac$ to y\r cr$it1 n yond] b "r "h 9 ! t[n ( ,sp5c]4 ,!re c be no nobl] inve/m5t1 & b few z noble z ?is y h made ^! ?irty ye>s = all :o h ! hung] & ?ir/ 9 !m good books c satisfy2 :ile /ill ) poor ,oliv] 9 ! /ory1 we ask = m2 & !y are n dead ?+s1 z ,milton says1 b conta9 a pot5cy ( life z active z ! s\l f :i* !y sprang3 ,books are ea* a _w2 & ^? we "k ,are a sub/antial _w bo? pure & good2 ,r\nd ^!1 ) t5drils /rong z fle% & blood1 ,our pa/ime & our happ9ess w gr[4 ,& books are y\rs ,)9 ^: sil5t *amb]s treasure lies ,pres]v$ f age to age2 m preci\s f> ,?an t accumulat$ /ore ( gold ,& ori5t gems1 :i* = a day ( ne$ ,! ,sultans hide deep 9 ance/ral vaults4 ,^! /ores ( tru? y c unlock at w4 ,,books ,,& ,,life ,! influ5ce ( books on ! community has be5 us$ 9 ?is address by ,dean 7n[ ,presid5t7 ,birge z a basis = discuss+ _! reaction on special gr\ps1 especially ^? diff]5tiat$ by age & sex1 & h[ f> ! libr>y %\ld be guid$ by x & take advantage ( x4 ,x is p]haps ! be/ g5]al treatm5t ( ! gr\p features ( socializ$ libr>y "w by a speak] ( au?ority1 n a pr(essional libr>ian4 ,edw>d ,asahel ,birge 0 born at ,troy1 ,n4,y41 ,sept4 #g1 #ahea1 graduat$ at ,williams 9 #ahgc & s9ce #ahge has be5 a memb] ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons9 faculty1 s]v+ successively z in/ructor 9 natural hi/ory1 pr(essor ( zoology1 dean ( ! college ( arts & sci5ces1 act+ presid5t1 & f9ally 9 #aiai1 presid5t ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,he has also s]v$ z a director ( ! ,free ,libr>y at ,madison1 & 9 #aijf 0 presid5t ( ! ,wiscons9 ,libr>y ,association1 be=e :om ?is address 0 deliv]$4 ,! aspect ( ! subject to :i* ,i w\ld call y\r att5tion is ! (t5 obs]v$ fact ( ! ext5t to :i* mod]n life 9 all ( its phases1 is becom+ bas$ ^u books4 ,i say 9 all ( its phases1 = we are conc]n$ ) ! pres5t ext5t ( ?is relation betwe5 books & life ) its rapid increase1 r ?an ) its exi/5ce4 ,ev] s9ce ! beg9n+ ( human society m5 h bas$ _! actions on ! tea*+s ( exp]i5ce4 ,"p ( ^! tea*+s ea* individual has directly d]iv$ f 8 environm5t1 & he has supplem5t$ & enl>g$ !m by means ( ^? com+ f ! rememb]$ exp]i5ce ( o!rs1 (t5 belong+ to an old] g5]ation4 ,lat] 9 hi/ory !re 7 add$ ^? tea*+s d]iv$ f books--f ! record$ exp]i5ce ( o!rs4 ,) t enl>gem5t ( ! basis ( human action :i* comes f ! rememb]$ exp]i5ce ( o!rs we1 z libr>ians1 h no?+ to d1 &1 inde$1 !re is little to say ab\t x n[ :i* c\ld n h be5 said ) equal propriety1 "o1 two1 or tw5ty c5turies ago4 ,) books ! case is diff]5t4 ,! la/ c5tury1 ! la/ g5]ation1 ! la/ decade--ea* has se5 ! transf] ( ! basis ( action f ! oral to ! pr9t$ ^w1 :i* c\ld be p>allel$ by no o!r p]iod ( equal l5g? 9 ! hi/ory ( civilization4 ,! /ory ( ?is transf] f talk to pr9t1 f rule ( ?umb to textbook1 f tradition to s*ool1 f practise to sci5ce1 is long & int5sely int]e/+4 ,i c t\* only a few phases ( x4 ,fir/ consid] ! l5g!n+ ( ! s*ool p]iod = *ildr54 ,i d n ?9k x is possible accurately to comp>e ! pres5t l5g? ( ?is p]iod ) t :i* exi/$ a c5tury or a half ago2 nor w\ld su* a comp>ison int]e/ u4 ,x is en\gh = our purpose to "k t ye>s h be5 add$ to ! s*ool life ( _m ?\s&s ( ! y\? ( all classes4 ,z a s+le illu/ration1 consid] ! effect ( ! high s*ool1 ^: developm5t into a l>ge & popul> in/itution1 an in/itution affect+ great masses ( ! p1 belongs almo/ :olly to ! p]iod )9 ! life ( ! g5]ation n[ on ! /age4 ,a half c5tury ago ! public high s*ool 0 almo/ unkn[n & ! private academy rea*$ v few p]sons4 ,only a g5]ation ago ! numb] ( /ud5ts 9 second>y s*ools 0 h>dly "o-t5? ( ! pres5t numb]4 ,! att5dance on in/itutions ( second>y grade has ?us increas$ five times z rapidly z ! population4 ,)9 ! pa/ fifte5 ye>s ! att5dance 9 ! high s*ools ( ,milwaukee has m ?an trebl$1 :ile only a little m ?an fifty p] c5t4 has be5 add$ to ! population ( ! city4 ,9 ,rac9e almo/ exactly ! same ratio holds1 & s = _m o!r cities ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! increase be+ lea/ m>k$ 9 ,new ,engl& cities1 & greate/ 9 ! cities ( ! ,we/4 ,! =mative influ5ce ( ! high s*ool y\? are f> m ext5sively & exclusively books ?an 7 ^? ( 8 fa!r or gr&fa!r1 :o probably began to le>n 8 trade1 or 8 bus9ess1 at ab\t ! age :5 8 boy ent]s ! high s*ool1 & :o !re=e1 dur+ ! p]iod ( adolesc5ce1 receiv$ 8 tra9+ f action r ?an f /udy1 f oral r ?an f pr9t$ exp]i5ce4 ,"o may f9d to-day 9 ! writ+s ( _m tea*]s j]emiads ov] ! %ortness ( ! av]age s*ool life ( *ildr54 ,i w\ld n contradict _! /ati/ics & w\ld jo9 9 _! regrets1 b ! fact rema9s t ! mo/ /rik+ ph5om5on 9 ! life ( ! *ildr5 ( ! pa/ ?irty ye>s is ! ext5t to :i* _! tra9+ has be5 committ$ to ! use ( books & ! rapid gr[? ( ! use ( books z ! p]iod has advanc$4 ,few z ! s*ool ye>s ( ! *ildr5 n[ are1 ^? ( any old] g5]ation h be5 few]4 ,?is aspect ( ! matt] is ! "o t is ( int]e/ to u1 & ! s*ool life ( ! pres5t1 in/ead ( ar\s+ our regrets by its brevity1 may well call out our a/oni%m5t by its l5g?1 & dem& ! use ( our be/ wits to see ! *anges :i* h be5 caus$ 9 ! life ( ! pres5t & to =eca/ ^? :i* 9 ! future w fl[ f ?is fundam5tal *ange 9 education4 ,"o ( ^! correlat$ *anges is already app>5t--! ext5sion ( ! p]iod ( book le>n+ = _m ?\s&s ( p]sons into ! college & univ]sity c\rse4 ,9 #ahej ! total att5dance on colleges 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 ab\t t5 ?\s&4 ,half a c5tury lat]1 :5 ! population ( ! c\ntry _h increas$ ab\t ?ree & "o-?ird times1 ! college /ud5ts _h increas$ 9 a t5fold ratio1 or m ?an ?ree times z rapidly z ! population4 ,ev5 m significant is ! gr[? ( ! numb] ( college /ud5ts 9 m rec5t ye>s4 ,s9ce #ahhi ! numb] has m ?an d\bl$1 ?us cont9u+ 9 ! late/ ye>s a ratio ( gr[? ) ref]5ce to population q z great z 9 e>li] ye>s4 ,an equally significant1 & q z conspicu\s *ange1 is se5 9 ! gr[? ( te*nical education4 ,?irty ye>s ago1 :5 ,i came to ,wiscons91 ! univ]sity 0 graduat+ f two or ?ree & a half doz5 eng9e]s ye>ly1 & ^! c\ld n all f9d occupation 9 ?is commonweal?1 ) a population !n ( m ?an a million p4 ,n[ a hundr$ graduates g out at ,comm5cem5t1 :ile ! population ( ! /ate has little m ?an d\bl$1 & :ile o!r eng9e]+ s*ools ( high rank h multipli$ all ar\nd x4 ,n[adays ! man ( books1 r ?an ! man ( tradition is direct+ ! "w ( ! _w4 ,9 ! copp] m9es ( ! nor? ! old-fa%ion$ m9e capta91 :o receiv$ 8 pr(ession & 8 traditions f 8 fa!r1 is disappe>+ & has almo/ vani%$4 ,8 place is tak5 by ! graduate ( a m9+ s*ool1 :o int]prets :at he sees1 n by ! light ( ! exp]i5ce ( 8 eld]s1 communicat$ to him orally1 b by ! f> cle>] light ( ! collective exp]i5ce ( m5 embodi$ 9 books4 ,:5 ! capitali/ n[ desires to explore = new iron m9es he employs n ! old-fa%ion$ prospector1 b puts into ! field a p>ty ( "y m5 (t5 fre% f ! geological laboratory4 ,?us sci5ce1 organiz$ k1 book le>n+1 is driv+ out ) increas+ rapidity ! picturesque figures ( pa/ times--times :olly pa/1 ?\gh only j beh9d u 9 ye>s4 ,t booki% !oric1 s dete/$ by ,iago1 is app>5tly firmly 9 control ( affairs & has displac$ its pr$ecessors & rivals4 ,9 c\ntless o!r ways ! same fact is %[n4 ,half a c5tury ago a y\? :o desir$ to become a lawy] or a doctor ent]$ ! (fice ( a practition] & le>n$ 8 pr(ession by practise & exp]i5ce4 ,n[ he goes to ! s*ool ( law or m$ic9e & ga9s 8 entrance to 8 *os5 call+ by ! way ( books & laboratories4 ,ev5 comm]ce & trade1 9 :i* ! rules ( practical exp]i5ce seem mo/ firmly entr5*$1 are %ift+ _! basis to books1 & s*ools ( comm]ce & trade s*ools are spr++ up on e h& to give y\? a broad] f\ndation ( k ?an c be ga9$ f practise4 ,/ill m significant are ! facts %[n by ! enorm\s developm5t ( agricultural exp]im5t /ations1 f>m]s' bullet9s & f>m]s' in/itutes4 ,agriculture1 t call+ :i* ( all o!rs is mo/ anci5t & mo/ cons]vative1 is rapidly *ang+ its basis f tradition to books4 ,p]haps ,i ought n to say mo/ cons]vative1 = !re is "o call+ :i* may bett] des]ve ! title--t ( ! dome/ic indu/ries practis$ by wom54 ,yet ev5 "h a beg9n+ ( ! transf]1 al?\gh a small "o1 has be5 made by s*ools ( dome/ic sci5ce4 ,:ile ?is beg9n+ is b small1 & :ile ! traditional pr(essions ( wom5 h n yet be5 greatly modifi$ by books1 ! life ( no class ( ! community has be5 m pr(\ndly affect$ by ?is g5]al *ange ?an has t ( wom54 ,) ! pass+ away ( home indu/ries & ) ! great increase ( weal? :i* ! pa/ c5tury1 or half c5tury1 has se51 h come va/ly increas$ opportunities to wom5 = leisure1 = release f dome/ic duties1 & = ! prolongation ( s*ool life4 ,! /ati/ics ( high s*ools & colleges suffici5tly %[ ! use :i* !y are mak+ ( ?is leisure4 ,o!r facts are equally obvi\s & significant z %[+ ! transf] ( ! basis ( woman's life f dome/ic exp]i5ce to books4 ,! woman's club1 ,i suppose1 may be said fairly to take ! place ( ! sew+ circle ( our mo!rs & gr&mo!rs4 ,! contra/ ev5 9 ! "n is significant1 z m>k+ ! transf] ( int]e/ f ! circle ( dome/ic exp]i5ce to ! wid] doma9 ( ! record$ life ( ! _w1 to ! realm ( books4 ,?us at :atev] po9t we exam9e ! life ( ! pres5t1 we f9d x bas+ itself on books1 bo? = action & enjoym5t1 & t 9 an ev]-increas+ degree4 ,?is tru? is peculi>ly evid5t to y z libr>ians1 s9ce ! facts ( y\r own pr(ession & ! rapid gr[? ( libr>ies & libr>y "w af=d "o ( ! late/ phases ( ?is g5]al movem5t4 ,f #ahge to #ahif ! numb] ( libr>ies 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates j ab\t d\bl$1 increas+ /eadily1 & add+1 dur+ ?is p]iod1 ab\t #b1jjj libr>ies1 or a little less ?an #ajj p] ye>4 ,f #ahif to #aijj1 #a1cej libr>ies 7 add$1 or ab\t #dej p] ye>4 ,f #aijj to #aijc1 #a1ejj libr>ies 7 f\nd$1 or #ejj p] ye>4 ,9 ! pa/ t5 ye>s ! numb] ( libr>ies mu/ h d\bl$2 a ratio gr[? at lea/ f\r times t ( ! population4444 ,x is pla9 t ! adju/m5t ( ! libr>y to ?is movem5t ( m5's m9ds t[>ds books is ! mo/ important practical "q = all ( u4 ,que/ions ( managem5t1 ( adm9i/ration1 ( me?ods are all ( second>y importance beside ?is "o--if1 inde$ !y may be call$ ev5 second>y4 ,= ?is *ange ( base is a revolution>y affair1 n a m]e matt] ( readju/m5t ( detail1 & x is no easy task = ! libr>y to f9d itself 9 su* a movem5t4 ,libr>ies are s small a "p ( ! national intellectual life1 s small1 9 ! mass1 = example1 9 comp>ison to ! great univ]sities1 t _! prop] influ5ce & "w are easily ov]look$4 ,!re is sometimes dang] t !y may be swept into curr5ts guid$ by o!r =ces r ?an f9d opportunity freely to contribute _! own %>e to ! movem5t4 ,let u turn !n to ! m practical side ( ! "q1 & ask h[ ! libr>y is adju/+ itself1 9 ?is *ang$ relation ( m51 :]e x has be/ succe$$1 & :]e x /ill has mo/ to d4 ,let u ask :]e exp]i5ce seems to promise successful solution ( problems1 & :]e ! problems are 9 t /age 9 :i* only d\btful success c be expect$ f exp]im5ts1 & f9al solution /ill lies f> be=e u4 ,! libr>y began z a place to keep books1 p]mitt+ _! use by ! public1 b (t5 "u su* re/rictions z seem to indicate t ?is s]vice 0 grant$ grudg+ly & ( necessity4 ,books & ! high life 7 9 "s obscure way correlat$ 9 ! m9d ( ! libr>ian1 & he too (t5 seem$ to feel t ^! 7 treasures n to be %>$ by ! _m4 ,! fir/ *ange :i* came1 !re=e1 z ! libr>y 0 swept into ! g5]al intellectual curr5t ( "t1 0 ! removal ( re/rictions on ! use ( books & _! replacem5t by devices int5d$ to enc\rage & ext5d t use4 ,a second /ep1 & a mu* m revolution>y "o1 has be5 to tea* ! community directly ! uses ( books1 & ?us n m]ely to af=d easy conditions = ! use ( books on ! "p ( ^? :o want !m1 b to add a positive =ce :i* w compel ! books to g out 9 ! community1 !re to p]=m _! pres5t s]vice & to create a dem& = an increas$ s]vice 9 ! future4 ,?is *ange m>ks a fundam5tal dep>ture ( ! libr>y f its old basis1 & "o :i* w affect x greatly1 = good & p]haps = ill4 ,! movem5t t[>d fre$om ( adm9i/ration 0 really conc]n$ ) small matt]s1 & left unalt]$ ! c5tral plan & purpose ( ! libr>y4 ,b ) ! assumption ( direct educational "w = *ildr51 = wom51 = m51 ! libr>y has ent]$ ^u a new epo* 9 its evolution4 ,x has tak5 up duties ^: p]=mance w dem& greatly enl>g$ res\rces--( space & ( money1 ( books & ( work+ /aff4 ,& :at is ( ev5 great] importance1 ! purpose1 ! po9t ( view1 ( ^? :o control ! libr>y1 & ! temp] ( ! adm9i/ration1 w *ange1 & ought to *ange1 "u ! pressure ( ^! new duties4 ,?is positive & educational libr>y "w falls into two ma9 types--t = *ildr51 & t = adults--bo? m5 & wom54 ,x is /ill 9 a t5tative condition1 9 a =mative & exp]im5tal p]iod4 ,! results are /ill s few & rec5t t !y d n admit any exact =mulation4 ,!y p]mit only g5]al & sugge/ive /atem5t4 ,"w = *ildr5 is1 9 "s ways1 ! easie/ educational attempt ( ! libr>y1 s9ce x runs p>allel to ! "w ( ! s*ools1 & ^? = :om ! "w is done are easily rea*$ & easily guid$4 ,its function is1 ( c\rse1 9 "p to supplem5t ! s*ool4 ,x w\ld be1 h[ev]1 a great mis=tune if x 7 look$ ^u m]ely z a supplem5t to ! s*ool1 z a means ( provid+ read+ :i* ! s*ool ought to buy1 b _c af=d4 ,its purpose is r to beg9 9 *ildhood1 bo? = pleasure & = pr(it1 a volunt>y association ) books :i* lie :olly outside ( ! s*ool program4 ,x aims to beg9 ! e>ly =mation ( ! habit ( read+ z di/+ui%$ f /udy--a habit :i* w be p]man5t1 in/ead ( end+ ) ! p]iod ( =mal in/ruction4 ,x recognizes ! fact t s*ool life mu/ soon end1 & t :5 ! end comes1 ! important feature ( ! *ild's intellectual condition is n s mu* ! am\nt he has le>n$ z ! temp] & habit ( 8 m9d t[>d books4 ,has he m]ely le>n$ c]ta9 tru?s f books or are books op5 to him8 ,x is ( fundam5tal importance to ! community t ! second alt]native be secur$4 ,! s*ool libr>ies & *ildr5's libr>ians are1 !re=e1 n to feel t _! duty is to supplem5t ! s*ool4 ,t duty lies on a diff]5t1 &1 9 a way1 a high] plane1 9 a m spiritual region4 ,x is _! "p to make ! *ild a citiz5 ( ! _w ( books1 & to naturalize him s ?or\ghly t he w always rema9 a citiz54 ,?us only c he %>e fully1 n only 9 ! high & p]man5t pleasures t books af=d1 b also 9 t great movem5t ( life t[>d books :i* m>ks our "t4 ,f rem>ks :i* ,i h he>d on v>i\s occasions1 ,i believe ?is ext5sion ( libr>y s]vice & libr>y duties to y\? has (t5 be5 misund]/ood4 ,"w ) s*ool *ildr51 :e!r done by ! libr>y =ce z "p ( _! duties1 or by assi/ants especially engag$1 has seem$ to _m to be a some:at unnecess>y ext5sion ( ! libr>y--some?+ ( a luxury4 ,^! add$ duties h (t5 be5 assum$ by ! libr>ies "u special pleas1 & = reasons tempor>y 9 "*4 ,b 9 t wid] view :i* ,i am try+ to pres5t1 ! tru? is recogniz$ t ! libr>y is a p]man5t /oreh\se ( books = ! community1 to :i* ! citiz5 ( e class & age mu/ repair = k n only int]e/+ & useful b necess>y to ! conduct ( life4 ,we recognize also t :ile ! tra9+ ( ! s*ools soon ceases = e individual1 ! s]vice ( ! libr>y ext5ds ?r\gh\t life4 ,we ass]t also t ! possibilities ( ?is s]vice mu/ be taught to ! memb]s ( ! community f *ildhood1 & t ! effici5cy ( ! books w l>gely dep5d on ! effici5cy ) :i* ?is tea*+ is done4 ,especial c>e mu/ be tak5 ) *ildr5 & y\? t[>d ! end ( ! ord9>y s*ool p]iods--9 ! upp] grades & 9 ! high s*ool4 ,"h x is t ! transition to indep5d5t read+ mu/ come4 ,! *ildr5's room mu/ n be m]ely an app5dage to ! k9d]g>t5 & prim>y s*ool1 b ! libr>y mu/ supply to y\? ( all ages n only books1 b inspiration 9 read+4 ,! que/ions :i* arise 9 "w = *ildr5 are _m & (t5 p]plex+1 b if ^! g5]al pr9ciples are accept$1 !y are1 aft] all1 que/ions ( detail r ?an ( pr9ciple4 ,! libr>y's influ5ce ov] wom5 has be5 ! greate/ 9 ext5t & productive ( ! l>ge/ results2 s mu* s t1 9 ! op9ion ( _m critics ( ! public libr>y1 t in/itution is 9 dang] ( becom+ fem9iz$4 ,i %all n attempt to discuss s l>ge a subject z t indicat$ by ?is fe>ful ^w1 b x may n be unpr(itable to t\* ^u ! causes :i* h giv5 ! "w ( ! libr>y = wom5 at once s great an ext5sion & s great a success1 z well z "s obvi\s limitations4 ,i %\ld place fir/ among ! causes1 bo? = ! success & ! limitation ( ?is influ5ce1 ! rec5t acquisition by wom5 ( l>ge opportunities = ! intellectual life1 _! natural cons]vatism1 & _! greatly increas$ leisure z comp>$ ) m54 ,t wom5 read books1 & read !m 9 enorm\s numb]s1 is grant$1 inde$ ass]t$4 ,t !y read s]i\sly ,i h he>d que/ion$ & h always wond]$ at ! d\bt4 ,x seems to me r t !y nev] read 9 any way except s]i\sly4 ,h[ _m wom5--read+ wom51 ,i mean--c put away an unf9i%$ book )\t a s5se ( guilt8 ,h[ _m c br[se ab\t 9 a libr>y & enjoy do+ s8 ,h[ _m really l to read a diction>y or encyclopa$ia )\t ult]ior designs ^u an article = ! wom5's club1 or1 at lea/1 )\t want+ to "k some?+8 ,^! are all te/s--unconsci\s1 b none ! less excell5t--( ! real read]s1 ( ^? to :om books are alive & intimate fri5ds4 ,:ile ,i h no /ati/ics at h&1 ,i fe> t _m wom5 mo/ devot$ to libr>ies w\ld fail to rea* ?is /&>d4 ,! field ( ! intellectual life has be5 widely op5$ to wom5 s rec5tly t !y /ill feel a c]ta9 s5se ( duty along ) ! privilege :i* is grant$ !m 9 ent]+ x1 r ?an a complete s5se ( be+ at home !re4 ,! cons]vatism ( wom5 helps ?is t5d5cy to read s]i\sly & = g5]al purposes4 ,! traditional use ( books z a means ( culture appeals to _! m cons]vative m9d z x does n to m54 ,!y are m easily induc$ to read = read+'s sake--!y are will+ to read ! books "o ought to read4 ,!y are mov$ by consid]ations ( m5tal improvem5t indep5d5t ( any result beyond ! improvem5t itself4 ,! libr>y z a libr>y attracts !m4 ,!n1 too1 ! am\nt ( _! read+ & its "* is modifi$ by ! fact t wom5 are s mu* m limit$ ?an m5 9 means to pass _! leisure4 ,j]ome ,k4 ,j]ome 7if correctly report$ by newspap]s7 rec5tly po9t$ out t mu* s-call$ read+ is no m an intellectual process ?an is smok+ a cig>1 & t (t5 we g to books j z to ! cig>1 to pass ! "t & to prev5t ! intrusion ( disagreeable ?\ghts4 ,( c\rse ?is is1 & ought to be1 :olly true1 & s9ce ) u ! cig> is a mascul9e privilege1 ! woman mu/ take to books z ! man takes to smok+1 & ev5 to dr9k+4 ,speak+ s]i\sly1 ! libr>y is to _m wom5 a relief f c>e--! only di/raction f ! monotony ( r\t9e4 ,x is a *eap & easy ?+ to sne] at ?is use ( books1 b we :o believe 9 ! fri5d%ip ( books "k t "h lies "o ( ! greate/ bless+s !y c give1 z x is "o ( ! greate/ bless+s ( true fri5d%ip4 ,nor d we wond] t ! uncultivat$1 or ! half-cultivat$1 (t5 *oose _! book fri5ds f a class n greatly above _! own4 ,on ! o!r h&1 wom5 h h>dly begun to use books on l9es along :i* we are seek+ to get m5 to read--9 directions connect$ ) _! trade or pr(ession4 ,dome/ic indu/ries1 s f> z !y are 9 ! h&s ( wom51 are /ill mo/ :olly dep5d5t ^u tradition4 ,!y are n expos$ to competition4 ,failure or ineffici5cy does n put ! proprietor out ( bus9ess4 ,_! results are n measur$ 9 doll>s & c5ts4 ,9 a ^w1 ! :ole l9e ( motives :i* is =c+ mascul9e indu/ries ov] to ! basis ( books is lack+ 9 ! *ief fem99e occupations4 ,we are n[ see+ only ! feeble beg9n+s ( ! attempt ?us to transf] !m f tradition to sci5ce4 ,a long "t mu/ pass1 & social conditions greatly *ange1 be=e ! transf] is made4 ,?us wom5 are n =c$ f g5]al to special l9es ( read+1 :ile !y h great] motive = g5]al read+ ?an h m54 ,z a result1 wom5 are becom+1 to a degree )\t example 9 ! pa/1 ! possessors & transmitt]s ( ! life ( culture4 ,i d n believe t few] m5 read good lit]ature ?an =m]ly1 b ! increase 9 mascul9e read]s ( ?is type has be5 s mu* less ?an ! increase 9 wom5 read]s t 9 comp>ison ! numb] ( m5 seems to h %runk5 greatly4 ,( c\rse mu* ( ?is read+ by wom5 = culture is desultory & aimless1 mu* is misdirect$4 ,b aft] all d$uctions are made1 x rema9s true t ! k ( books seems to be t5d+ to become ! possession ( wom5 r ?an ( m54 ,x has always belong$ to a c]ta9 class ( m5--n a v l>ge "p ( ! community--& x is /ill !irs2 b its ext5sion to o!r classes has be5 along female l9es r ?an male1 & its transmission to ! next g5]ation seems only too likely to dep5d 9 a l>ge measure ^u ! female l9e4 ,college /ati/ics at pres5t %[ ! same facts4 ,language1 lit]ature1 & art are ! *os5 /udies ( wom54 ,m5 turn r to sci5ce1 economics1 or politics--subjects :i*1 !y suppose1 be> directly on future plans = life4 ,^! great subjects ^: ma9 purpose 9 education is ! uplift+ ( ! m9d1 ! wid5+ ( ! m5tal horizon )\t direct ref]5ce to any specific l9e ( life--^! appeal f> m /rongly to wom5 ?an to m51 & _! influ5ce1 9 a rapidly increas+ degree1 w rea* ! next g5]ation ?r\gh ! "m r ?an ?r\gh ! fa!r4 ,x w\ld be a pessimi/ic view :i* w\ld say t mod]n society is com+ to dep5d on ! mo!rs = ! accumulation & transmission ( culture1 :ile reta9+ 9 ! male l9e ! function ( accumulat+ & transmitt+ weal?1 ?\gh mu* c\ld be said = ! !sis & a v plausible argum5t c\ld be con/ruct$ = x4 ,if all ?is is true1 x is inevitable t wom5 %\ld use libr>ies f> m ?an m54 ,x is equally inevitable t 9 ?is l>ge use mu* %\ld be trivial1 mu* cu/om>y1 mu* misdirect$ & unwise4 ,nature has no means ( rea*+ success except by ! rule ( natural selection--! old-fa%ion$ plan ( cut-&-try1 & ?is means mu* failure along ! road ( advance4 ,we :o see ! "w ( ! libr>y f our daily exp]i5ce "k h[ mu* x is contribut+ ( culture1 h[ mu* ( happ9ess1 to ! life ( wom51 & ?r\gh !m to t ( ! community4 ,b m5--:y d !y n use ! libr>y1 say ! critics1 & :at %all ! libr>y d to increase its use by m58 ,y h all read ! vigor\s article t ! ,indep5d5t publi%$ on ?is subject la/ summ]1 :i*1 ) mu* ( error1 conta9s a good deal ( tru? 9 a /imulat+ =m4 ,x pres5ts a subject :i* mu/ h a some:at l>g] treatm5t4 ,x ought fir/ to be said t 9 ?is & o!r articles on ! topic ! t]ms wom5 & m5 are by no means simil>ly us$4 ,! writ]s are n conc]n$ ab\t m5 at l>ge--! husb&s & bro!rs ( ! wom5 :o are said to visit ! libr>y--! wom5 ( comp>ative leisure1 :o are seek+ in=mation on art1 lit]ature1 or ance/ry1 :o are try+ to get up a pap] = ! club1 or :o visit ! libr>y = recreation4 ,x is ! plumb]1 ! ma*9i/1 ! groc]1 ^: abs5ce !y deplore1 & to :om !y ?9k ! libr>y ought to give help4 ,n only s1 b x is ! plumb]1 r ?an z a man1 ^: pres5ce is desir$ & :o is to be aid$4 ,! libr>y1 says ! ,indep5d5t 9 effect1 ought to tea* ! plumb] h[ to plumb2 ought to furni% him ) in=mation :i* 8 boss is unable to give4 ,b ?is is a new function = libr>ies1 h[ev] useful x may be1 & a function :i* libr>ies d n attempt = wom54 ,dressmak]s d n 7,i speak "u correction1 b ,i ?9k ,i am "r7 expect to secure at a libr>y a k ( h[ to fit a difficult cu/om]1 any m ?an d tailors4 ,yet ?is sort ( ?+1 we are told1 ! libr>y ought to d = m52 & we are told 9 a tone :i* implies t "h is an obvi\s duty :i* only wilful ignorance c ov]look4 ,x ought r to be recogniz$ t 9 und]tak+ ?is "w ! public libr>y is ent]+ a new & almo/ unexplor$ field ( ef=t1 & also t x is try+ to ext5d its influ5ce to classes ( ! community :i* x has n hi!rto rea*$1 & along l9es ( k :i* x has nev] s]i\sly attempt$ to foll[4 ,9 su* a "w !re mu/ be _m exp]im5ts & _m failures1 & ! positive results w be small = a long "t4444 ,! problem = ! libr>y1 z reg>ds m51 is !re=e tw(old3 #a4 ,c m5 be induc$ to visit ! libr>y = g5]al purposes1 to use x 9 ways simil> to ^? = :i* wom5 come to x8 #b4 ,h[ c ! wage-e>n]s & h&icraftsm5 be induc$ to visit ! libr>y & use its books = _! practical advantage8 ,let u fir/ consid] ! g5]al "q3 ,c we rea* ! m58 ,! wom5 come to ! libr>ies1 say ! critics1 9 %oals & droves1 = all sorts ( intellectual purposes1 good & bad4 ,y cat* ! *ildr51 !y say1 9 s*ool1 :5 !y _c get away1 & inde$ are glad ( relief f lessons2 b ! m5--c y rea* !m & affect _! lives8 ,9 reply we mu/ say at once & frankly t no su* l>ge volume ( success ) m5 is possible z has be5 ! case ) wom54 ,! public libr>y came to wom5 at ! precise mom5t :5 increas$ education dispos$ !m to use x1 & increas$ leisure gave !m ! opportunity4 ,x fills a space 9 _! lives :i* w\ld be o!rwise void4 ,b ! pres5t "t is "o ( decreas$ leisure & increas$ int5sity ( "w = all classes ( m54 ,p]haps ,i ought to except f ?is /atem5t ! wage-e>n]1 :o z eight h\r laws & cu/oms come into =ce w h m "t = read+ ?an ! man ( almo/ any o!r class 9 ! community4 ,?is movem5t t[>d less5$ h\rs ( labor is m effective :]e libr>ies are be/ organiz$ & !re=e pres5ts an opportunity = ! ext5sion ( libr>y influ5ce1 bo? g5]al & special4 ,! opportunity mu/ be improv$1 yet nei!r ! wage-e>n] nor ! bus9ess man w be easy to rea*2 nei!r has be5 among ! active patrons ( ! libr>y 9 ! pa/4 ,_! lives are already full1 bo? ) bus9ess & pleasure1 & if ! libr>y is to rea* !m1 x mu/ attract !m on l9es :i* appeal to !m m /rongly ?an bus9ess or pres5t pleasure4 ,x mu/ rea* ne$s :i* !y "k & feel to be real4 ,i d n believe t m5 ( ! pres5t g5]ation w come to libr>ies 9 great numb]s = ! purposes t attract wom54 ,we might z well admit t !y w n sub/itute ! novel = ! cig>1 ! pr9t$ /ory = ! companion%ip ( ! club4 ,!y w n read good books because !y ought to d s1 & ! numb] :o w read !m because !y l to d s is un=tunately n great4 ,m5 h n ?us act$ s9ce ! _w began1 & man-l1 !y w n d s n[1 ev5 ?\gh su* conduct on _! "p w\ld help our libr>y /ati/ics v greatly4 ,nor w any great numb] ( !m read 9 ord] to enl>ge ! basis ( life1 =1 9 spite ( ! greatness ( ! movem5t t[>d books1 x affects at fir/ h& only a few p 9 ! community4 ,! mass ( workm51 n[ & always1 w get _! k f tradition or at second h&4 ,x w be ! unusual man :o w get 8 ideas f books at fir/ h& & ?us improve 8 "w & t ( 8 fell[s4 ,! problem is !n to rea* ^! few1 & ?r\gh !m ! community2 & ?is br+s u to ! second phase ( ! "q4 ,i d n f9d t ! problem has be5 solv$2 p]haps x is too rec5t4 ,b libr>ies h be5 attempt+ its solution by v>i\s me?ods & ) v>y+ success4 ,! fir/ & mo/ successful attempt is t ( ! l>ge libr>ies1 l t ( ,pittsburgh & ! ,pratt ,in/itute ( ,brooklyn1 :i* ma9ta9 a te*nical libr>y = ! m5--a libr>y adequately h\s$ 9 its own rooms & adm9i/]$ by a special libr>ian4 ,^! te*nical libr>ies = work+ m5 succe$ 9 _! aim ( rea*+ _m ( ! class = :i* !y are e/abli%$4 ,!y (f] n m]ely an opportunity = read+1 b t guidance 9 ! use ( books :i* all classes ( ! community ne$1 if !y are to use books = a s]i\s purpose4 ,!y %[ u t success 9 ?is l9e ( ef=t may be rea*$ if ! libr>y has an income suffici5t to enable x to und]take ! task on a l>ge scale4 ,?is condition is1 h[ev]1 n t ( mo/ ( ! libr>ies :i* are repres5t$ "h4 ,our incomes are none too l>ge = ! "w :i* we mu/ necess>ily d = ! g5]al public4 ,su* libr>ies mu/ ord9>ily cont5t !mselves ) (f]+ to m5 opportunities = read+ )\t special guidance 9 ! use ( books4 ,?is "w has be5 attempt$ 9 a good _m ( ! small] libr>ies4 ,!y attempt to provide mascul9e conditions = read+ & read+ mat]ial :i* w appeal to m54 ,! fir/ includes a well-furni%$1 com=table room = m51 :]e a man c come 9 8 work+ clo!s )\t feel+ he is out ( place2 smok+ may be all[$ or n--bo? plans are tri$ )\t great diff]5ce 9 app>5t result4 ,! mascul9e read+ comprises newspap]s & magaz9es2 good books ( lit]ature :i* c be left 9 ! room 7pap] b\nd copies sugge/$72 mo/ important ( all are trade j\rnals2 if possible1 files ( ! rec5t volumes ( ^! j\rnals1 select$ accord+ to ! indu/ries ( ea* t[n2 & ! mo/ readable & mo/ rec5t ref]5ce books on simil> subjects4 ,9 a ^w1 a room is furni%$ ) read+ :i* w appeal to ! classes ( m5 :o d n ord9>ily use libr>ies & :o are n greatly int]e/$ 9 lit]ature4 ,?is plan is good "o & ought to be tri$1 b ,i believe ! conditions are exceptional "u :i* x w rea* l>ge numb]s ( m54 ,in]tia & habit w keep mo/ ( !m away f ! libr>y4 ,!y w see ! daily pap]s at _! wont$ places ( resort1 & ! room1 necess>ily lack+ 9 mu* ( ! fre$om ( ! club1 w fail to attract v _m ( !m4 ,!y w n =m ! habit ( visit+ x1 ev5 ?\gh !y might enjoy x if ! habit 7 =m$4 ,x mu/ also be rememb]$ t increas+ numb]s ( ! manufactur+ conc]ns are provid+ _! employees ) read+ ( ?is k9d1 & ?us limit+ ! use ( ! city libr>y4 ,9 "s libr>ies ! attempt to rea* m5 has gone /ill fur!r & has l$ to an inclusion ( attractions :i* are ord9>ily reg>d$ z outside ! "w ( a libr>y4 ,!y h attempt$ to comb9e to "s degree ! privileges ( a club ) t ( ! public libr>y4 ,! ,/ev5s ,po9t ,libr>y has a club room1 equipp$ ) billi>d tables1 c>ds1 etc41 z well z ) te*nical j\rnals & simil> books4 ,?is1 ! libr>ian reports1 is v successful 9 attract+ boys1 _m ( :om le>n to use ! libr>y4 ,m51 h[ev]1 d n come 9 l>ge numb]s1 z !y d n c>e to use a place frequ5t$ by boys1 & 9 :i* smok+ is n p]mitt$4 ,at ,wausaukee a special room ) games & :]e lun* is s]v$ has be5 e/abli%$ at ! libr>y z a means ( furni%+ a sort ( club room = lumb] m5 :o come to ! village1 especially on ,sunday1 & :o h no o!r place ( resort1 except ! saloon4 ,h[ f> su* me?ods are advisable z a "p ( libr>y "w is a "q :i* w (t5 be ask$ dur+ ! com+ ye>s & :i* only exp]i5ce c answ]4 ,at pres5t su* ent]prises h n gone beyond ! /age ( e>ly exp]im5t4 ,summ+ up ! result1 ,i w\ld frankly confess t ! reports :i* ,i h receiv$ are n num]\s en\gh = a positive judgm5t1 yet x is my impression t :]e !re is an income l>ge en\gh to provide a special libr>ian & a public l>ge en\gh to w>rant ! exp5se1 ?is movem5t = special libr>ies = m5 is likely to succe$4 ,x seems also to be true t :]e ! libr>y provides ! m5 ) ! opportunity = read+ only1 & does n furni% guidance = read]s1 no v l>ge use is made ( te*nical books & !re is no greatly increas$ use ( ! libr>y 9 g5]al4 ,h[ to guide ! read+ seems1 !re=e1 to be ! c5tral factor 9 ! solution ( ! problem4 ,9 a small t[n a special libr>ian is impossible1 = f9ancial reasons1 b !re1 z well z 9 l>ge cities1 lectures c be giv5 :i* deal ) practical subjects & ! aid to _! k :i* ! libr>y af=ds4 ,_m cities are giv+ su* c\rses ( lectures1 notably p]haps ,new ,york1 & ) consid]able effect on ! use ( ! public libr>y4 ,i h no /ati/ics reg>d+ su* lectures f ! v>i\s cities1 b und\bt$ly ?is me?od (f]s ! easie/ plan = ext5d+ ! use ( ! libr>y 9 small] cities & t[ns4 ,i say ! easie/1 & x w n be difficult to secure good lectures on lit]ature1 hi/ory1 or art1 b lectures on ! practical subjects are mu* m difficult to obta91 s9ce x is h>d to secure lectur]s :o "k m ab\t ! trades ?an d ! craftsm5 :o con/itute ! audi5ce4 ,if ^! movem5ts are to succe$1 !y mu/ n be attempt$ 9 an amateuri% way4 ,!y mu/ be well plann$ & well execut$--plann$ & execut$ ) c>eful ref]5ce to ! wants ( ! m5 ( ! community4 ,above all1 !y mu/ be p]si/5tly c>ri$ out ) full vigor ye> aft] ye>1 ev5 ?\gh results are app>5tly small4 ,_! purpose mu/ be /eadfa/ly ma9ta9$ & ! me?ods ( execution cont9ually readju/$1 z success or failure indicates4 ,x is no light or easy ?+ to *ange ! habits ( half ! adult memb]s ( ! community--to cultivate ! read+ habit 9 ^? :o h rea*$ maturity )\t acquir+ x--& ! "w :i* ! libr>y proposes = itself involves su* a task4 ,if m5 are to be rea*$ at all x mu/ be on a bus9ess basis1 n on t ( occasional ef=t4 ,nor mu/ ! mission>y _s prevail1 = m51 z a rule1 d n wi% to be re=m$ or to be help$4 ,!y mu/ f9d 9 ! libr>y a place :i* appeals to _! s5se ( com=t & :i* gives !m ?+s t !y want1 or1 l o!r s5sible p1 !y w n use x4 ,"o ^w 9 clos+ ?is topic1 & t 9 emphasis ( :at ,i h already said4 ,x is easi] to keep a boy read+ z he gr[s up ?an to cat* him aga9 z a man aft] ! libr>y has lo/ him4 ,take a lesson f ! *ur*4 ,! boy :o graduates f ,sunday-s*ool r>ely returns = a po/-graduate c\rse4 ,9 ! wise adm9i/ration ( ! "w = *ildr5 & y\? lies ! ma9 hope n ( rea*+1 b keep+ m5 9 ! libr>y4 ,b x %\ld be def9itely und]/ood t ?is enl>gem5t ( libr>y "w :i* ! times are =c+ ^u u means increas+ exp5se1 m room1 m books--:i* mu/ be m frequ5tly r5ew$--& a l>g] libr>y /aff4 ,x means ! attempt to d effici5tly sev]al l9es ( intellectual "w = ! public in/ead ( purvey+ lit]ature = ^? :o desire x4 ,?is new "w ! libr>y c readily accompli%1 b n ) ! /aff :i* 0 suffici5t = ! old duties4 ,any libr>y c provide1 = example1 ! li/ ( desid]ata m5tion$ 9 ! ,indep5d5t's article1 :i* c\ld easily be ext5d$4 ,!y c all be furni%$ by ! libr>y z ! public wants !m & w pay = !m4 ,!y _c be1 & ought n to be1 suppli$ by an already ov]work$ libr>y /aff ( two or ?ree p]sons4 ,! libr>y1 !re=e1 %\ld n ent] ^u ^! duties bl9dly or ignorantly4 ,x is a great task :i* is ?us und]tak5--to educate ! community to use books & to guide x 9 t use4 ,al?\gh small beg9n+s are possible1 ! "w w inevitably gr[ on our h&s j z t ( ! s*ools & colleges has done1 & = simil> reasons4 ,b :atev] difficulties lie 9 ! way ( _! p]=mance1 x is pla9 t ! libr>y mu/ assume ^! new duties4 ,) _m exp]im5ts1 ) _m failures1 ) _m p>tial successes1 ! libr>y w ext5d its tea*+s1 its consci\s influ5ces1 until !y t\* ! life ( ! community at e po9t4 ,9 ?is rambl+ talk ,i h discuss$ libr>y "w z x looks =w>d to new problems1 & h devot$ only a ^w1 & t p]haps a r disp>ag+ "o1 to ! traditional use ( ! libr>y4 ,i w\ld n leave ! subject 9 ?is way4 ,= ! traditional use ( books rema9s & w rema9 ! c5t] ( libr>y "w & ! ma9 s\rce ( its be/ influ5ces4 ,! problem ( ! libr>y to-day1 look$ at f )9 & n f )\t1 & 9 relation to o!r ag5cies1 is ess5tially t :i* confronts ! univ]sity4 ,bo? in/itutions once /ood = culture & = culture exclusively4 ,bo? are n[ *all5g$ by ! _s ( ! new] "t & are call$ ^u to ju/ify !mselves z public utilities4 ,?is !y mu/ d1 & t 9 full measure1 b !re is a real dang] t bo?1 9 ! multiplicity ( ! new duties ?us =c$ ^u !m1 may =get ! weighty words1 ^! ought ye to d & n leave ! o!r undone4 ,=1 aft] all1 ! highe/ public utility :i* ! libr>y (f]s1 or c (f]1 is ! opportunity to cultivate ! fri5d%ip ( books4 ,?is utility is none ! less preci\s because x is intangible4 ,inde$1 x is ! unique privilege ( ! libr>y among municipal ent]prises t x c provide a s]vice :i* aids ! high] life ( ! citiz5 s directly & s purely4 ,9 ! spirituality ( ?is function1 ! libr>y /&s second only to ! highe/ in/itutions ( pure le>n+1 & to ! *ur*4 ,no new und]tak+1 no ext5sion ( "w1 no plea ( necessity c w>rant or ju/ify any loss ( p[] on ?is highe/ level4 ,! problem is n to discov] h[ to sacrifice z little z possible ( ! old _s to ! new duties1 b to le>n h[ ?r\gh ! new duties we may make m wide-spread & m pot5t = good t olde/ & be/ inh]itance f ! pa/--! love ( books4 ,! p's univ]sity1 ! libr>y has be5 call$1 b x w\ld be z great a pity if ! libr>ian s und]/ood ?is t]m z to believe t p came to ! libr>y only to le>n1 z x w\ld be if any w5t !re :o c\ld n le>n :at !y s\ght4 ,t univ]sity :i* is a place to /udy r ?an a place to live is miss+ its be/ possibilities1 & 9 a simil> way ! libr>y ought to be1 fir/ & always1 a place to read r ?an a place to /udy4 ,i w\ld n g s f> z to say t ,i want to f9d x a place to loaf1 ?\gh ,i might be provok$ into say+ s2 b c]ta9ly x mu/ be a place :]e ,i c invite my s\l--su* a place z ! _w gives me else:]e only 9 ! *ur* or 9 ! sil5ce ( nature4 ,trade j\rnals & te*nical works are ( great use2 books = wom5's clubs are good ?+s2 ! *ildr5's room is a necessity2 b ^! ( !mselves no m make a libr>y ?an a kit*51 d9+ room & b$room make a home4 ,out ( su* utilities z ^! y may get a bo>d+ h\se1 b no?+ bett]2 ! family makes x a home4 ,^? are :olly wrong :o believe t /&>d books are s *eap t anyone c buy !m1 & !re=e ! libr>y c\ld conceivably get on )\t !m4 ,)\t ! be/ lit]ature y might get a v useful in/itution1 no d\bt1 b n a libr>y1 = 9 a libr>y ! great works ( ! great au?ors are ! s\l & !irs is ! _s :i* enables ! libr>y n m]ely to contribute to ! advance ( ! community t[>d prosp]ity & intellig5ce1 b also1 9 "s degree1 to t\* its high] life to f9] issues4 ,,! ,,bo/on ,,public ,,libr>y ,,an ,,address ,,at ,,its ,,d$ication ,?is & ! f\r addresses t foll[ x h little 9 common except t all 7 deliv]$ at ! op5+ ex]cises ( libr>ies4 ,ev]ett's address at ! op5+ ( ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y appropriately heads ! gr\p4 ,! read] w look 9 x 9 va9 = any reflection ( ! cons]vative op9ions express$ 9 ! lett] to ,george ,ticknor pr9t$ on page #ec ( ?is volume1 unless p]haps 9 ! total abs5ce ( any?+ radical4 ,x is typical oratory ( ! day--pond]\sly graceful1 if t is n a contradiction 9 t]ms4 ,edw>d ,ev]ett 0 born 9 ,dor*e/]1 ,mass41 ,april #aa1 #agid4 ,he graduat$ at ,h>v>d 9 #ahaa & s]v$ !re z pr(essor ( ,greek 9 #ahai-be4 ,he 0 a memb] ( ,congress 9 #ahbe-ce1 gov]nor ( ,massa*usetts 9 #ahcf-dj1 m9i/] to ,great ,brita9 9 #ahda-de1 presid5t ( ,h>v>d1 #ahdf-di1 ,u4,s4 secret>y ( /ate 9 #aheb-ec1 & ,u4,s4 s5ator 9 #ahec-ed4 ,he di$ 9 ,bo/on1 ,jan4 #ae1 #ahfe4 ,8 reputation z a s*ol>ly orator 0 v high4 ,,mr4 ,,mayor3-- ,9 behalf ( ! ,tru/ees ( ! ,city ,libr>y1 ,i receive ) extreme pleasure ! keys :i* y h plac$ 9 my h&s4 ,! completion ( ! noble build+1 :i* ! city gov]nm5t n[ confides to our c>e1 is an ev5t to :i* ! ,tru/ees h look$ =w>d ) ! greate/ int]e/1 & :i* !y n[ contemplate ) ! highe/ satisfaction4 ,!y deem !mselves especially honor$ 9 _! connection ) an in/itution1 = ^: use ?is /ately & commodi\s edifice has be5 erect$1 & :i* !y d\bt n is de/9$ to be in/rum5tal ( ! highe/ good to ! community1 & to reflect la/+ cr$it ^u ! lib]ality1 public & private1 ) :i* x has be5 f\nd$ & end[$4 ,! city ( ,bo/on1 ow+ to peculi> circum/ances 9 its gr[? & hi/ory1 has be5 at all times1 z ,i ?9k1 beyond mo/ cities 9 ! _w1 ! object ( an affectionate atta*m5t on ! "p ( its inhabitants2 a feel+ entitl$ to respect & productive ( good1 ev5 if x may sometimes seem to /rang]s ov]-p>tial 9 its manife/ations4 ,x is n m]ely its comm&+ natural situation1 ! triple hills on :i* x is en?ron$1 its magnific5t bay & h>bor1 & ! gr\p ( isl&s & islets t sp>kle l em]alds on _! surface2 n m]ely ?is mo/ admirable common1 :i* op5s be=e our w9d[s1 delightful ev5 at ?is season ( ! ye>1 & af=d+ u 9 summ]1 9 its noble malls & %ady walks1 all t ! c\ntry c boa/ ( cool & beautiful & salubri\s1 transport$ to ! he>t ( ! city1 ! poor man's pleasure-gr\nd1 z x has be5 well call$1 ?\gh a k+ might envy x2--nor ! environs ( our city ( surpass+ lovel9ess1 :i* enclose x on e side 9 k9dly embrace2 x is n solely nor pr9cipally ^! natural attractions :i* ende> ,bo/on to its citiz5s4 ,nor is x exclusively ! pr\d & grateful memories ( ! pa/1--( ! high-s\l$ fa!rs & mo!rs ( ! l&1 v5]able 9 _! self-d5y+ virtues1 maje/ic 9 ! au/]e simplicity ( _! mann]s1 consci5ti\s 9 _! errors1 :o1 ) amaz+ sacrifices & h>d%ips nev] to be describ$1 s\ght out new homes 9 ! wild]ness1 & transmitt$ to u delights & bless+s :i* x 0 n giv5 to !mselves to enjoy2--( ^? :o 9 succe$+ g5]ations des]v$ well ( _! c\ntry1--! pione]s ( ! ,revolution1 ! m5 ( ! /amp act age1 ^: own words & acts are /amp$ on ! pages ( hi/ory1 9 *>act]s nev] to be effac$2--( ^? :o1 :5 ! decisive h\r came1 /ood =? 9 t immortal ,,hall1 ! *ampions ( _! c\ntry's rights1 :ile x sc>cely yet des]v$ ! "n ( a c\ntry2 x is n exclusively ^! pr\d & grateful associations1 :i* atta* ! dutiful ,bo/onian to ! city ( 8 bir? or adoption4 ,no1 ,mr4 ,mayor1 x is n exclusively ^!1 mu* z !y contribute to /r5g!n ! s5tim5t4 ,x has its orig91 9 no small degree1 9 ! p]sonal relation 9 :i* ,bo/on places h]self to h] *ildr52 9 ! p>5tal int]e/ :i* %e *]i%es 9 _! welf>e1 :i* leads h] to take !m by ! h& almo/ f ! cradle1--to tra9 !m up 9 ! asc5d+ s]ies ( h] excell5t free s*ools2 wat*+ ov] !m z a fond fa!r wat*es ov] ! objects ( 8 love & hope2 9 a ^w1 to conf] ^u !m a fir/-rate s*ool education at ! public exp5se4 ,(t5 h ,i attempt$1 b ) v p>tial success1 bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & 9 ,europe1 to p]suade inquir+ fri5ds f ! c\ntries & places :]e no su* well-organiz$ sy/em ( public education prevails1 t our free s*ools d really af=d to ! entire population means ( elem5t>y education1 ( :i* ! weal?ie/ citiz5 is glad to avail himself4 ,& n[1 ,mr4 ,mayor1 ! enlight5$ c\nsels ( ! city gov]nm5t are ab\t to give new /r5g? to ^? ties ( gratitude & affection1 :i* b9d ! he>ts ( ! *ildr5 ( ,bo/on to _! belov$ city4 ,hi!rto ! sy/em ( public education1 excell5t z x is & wisely support$ by a pr9cely exp5diture1 does b comm5ce ! "w ( in/ruction & c>ry x to a c]ta9 po9t2 well advanc$1 inde$1 b f> %ort ( ! goal4 ,x prep>es our "y m5 = college1 = ! c\nt+-room1 = ! (fice ( ! eng9e]1 ! /udio ( ! arti/1 ! %op ( ! artisan1 ! laboratory ( ! *emi/1 or :atev] field ( employm5t !y may be de/9$ to ent]1 b !re x leaves !m1 )\t fur!r provision = ! culture ( ! m9d4 ,x discipl9es ! faculties & =ms a ta/e = ! acquisition ( k1 on ! "p ( our "y m5 & wom51 b x provides no means = _! ex]cise & gratification4 ,x gives !m ! elem5t>y education requisite = _! future call+s1 b )holds all facilities ( access to ^? b\ndless /ores ( record$ k1 9 e dep>tm5t1 by :i* alone t elem5t>y education c be complet$ & made effectual = ! active duties ( life4 ,b to-day our honor$ city c>ries on & p]fects h] "w4 ,! tru/ees1 f _! fir/ annual report to ! pres5t "t1 h nev] fail$ to recomm5d a fir/ class public libr>y1 su* z t1 sir1 = ^: accommodation y de/9e ?is noble build+1 z ! completion ( ! great sy/em ( public education4 ,its object is to give to ! entire population1 n m]ely to ! curi\s /ud5t1 b to ! inquisitive memb] ( ei!r ( ! pr(essions1 to ! intellig5t m]*ant1 me*anic1 ma*9i/1 eng9e]1 arti/ or artisan1 9 %ort1 to all ( e age & ( ei!r sex1 :o desire to inve/igate any subject1 ei!r ( utility or ta/e1 ^? advantages :i*1 )\t su* an ample public collection1 mu/ necess>ily be monopoliz$ by ! proprietors ( l>ge private libr>ies1 or ^? :o by c\rtesy h ! use ( !m2 nay1 to put )9 ! rea* ( ! entire community advantages ( ?is k9d1 f> beyond ^? :i* c be af=d$ by ! l>ge/ & be/ provid$ private libr>ies4 ,! tru/ees are anxi\s t ! in/itution1 ^: prosp]ity !y h s mu* at he>t1 %\ld cont9ue to be view$ 9 ?is light2 z "o m add$ to ! s*ool-h\ses ( ! city1 at :i* ,bo/on boys & girls1 :5 !y h outgr[n ! o!r s*ools1 w come to c>ry on ! education :i* has be5 !re comm5c$2 :]e ,bo/on m5 & wom51 *ildr5 ( a l>g] gr[?1 may come to acquire t additional k :i* is requisite = ! mo/ successful dis*>ge ( ! duties ( ! v>i\s call+s ( society1--:i* op5s1 9 its pursuit1 ! pure/ s\rces ( happ9ess1--& :i*1 )\t ref]5ce to utility1 contributes s mat]ially to ! grace & ornam5t ( life4 ,i am aw>e t !re is /ill float+ ab\t 9 ! community a vague prejudice aga9/ :at is call$ book-le>n+4 ,"o sometimes he>s d\bts express$ ( ! utility ( public libr>ies2 op9ions t !y are r ornam5tal ?an necess>y or useful2 & ! fact t our "t-honor$ city1 nev] indiff]5t to ! m5tal improvem5t ( h] *ildr51 has exi/$ m ?an two c5turies )\t "o1 is a suffici5t pro(1 t1 until )9 a v few ye>s1 _! importance has n be5 practically felt4 ,!re is p]haps ev5 n[ a disposition to claim "s sup]iority = :at is call$ practical k--k ga9$ by obs]vation & exp]i5ce 7:i* mo/ c]ta9ly ! tru/ees w\ld n disp>age71 & a k9d ( satisfaction felt 9 hold+ up ! example ( self-taught m51 9 suppos$ contradi/9ction f ^? :o h got _! k f books4 ,no "n p]haps is s frequ5tly m5tion$ = ?is purpose z t ( ,frankl91 :o1 because he _h sc>ce any s*ool education & nev] w5t to college1 has be5 ha/ily set d[n z a brilliant example to %[ ! inutility ( book-le>n+4 ,x has be5 quot$ to me 9 ?is way1 & to %[ t libr>ies are ( no use1 )9 ?ree days4 ,n[1 ,mr4 ,mayor1 ,i ne$ n tell y t !re nev] 0 a great] mi/ake 9 po9t ( fact4 ,a ?ir/ = books1 :i* he sp>$ no pa9s to allay1 is ! fir/ m>k$ trait disclos$ 9 ! "* ( ,frankl92 8 success ?r\gh\t ! e>ly p]iod ( 8 life c be directly trac$ to ! use he made ( !m2 & 8 v fir/ important movem5t = ! b5efit ( 8 fell[-m5 0 to f\nd a public libr>y1 :i* /ill fl\ri%es2--"o ( ! mo/ consid]able 9 ! c\ntry4 ,frankl9 n a book-man6 :oev] labors "u t delusion1 %[s t somebody else is n a book-man1 at lea/ s f> z conc]ns ! biography ( our illu/ri\s t[nsman4 ,we happ5 to h a little in=mation on t subject1 9 a book writt5 by ,frankl9 himself4 ,he !re gives a v diff]5t acc\nt ( himself1 & ,i w\ld ask any "o :o ent]ta9s ! idea to :i* ,i am allud+1 at :at p]iod ( ,frankl9's c>e] he supposes ?is ta/e = books began to be manife/$ by him2 h[ soon he ceas$ to be a self-=m$ man8 ,p]haps aft] he _h /ruggl$ ?r\gh ! ye>s ( 8 y\?ful pov]ty1 escap$ to ,philadelphia1 set up 9 bus9ess z a pr9t]1 & begun to h a little money 9 8 pocket4 ,i ne$ n tell y1 sir1 t x 0 e>li] ?an t4 ,0 x1 !n1 :ile he 0 ! clev] appr5tice to 8 bro!r1 ! editor ( a j\rnal1 & wrote articles = its columns 9 a disguis$ h&1 & tuck$ !m "u ! (fice door1 enjoy+ ! exquisite delight ( be+ ord]$ to set up 8 own anonym\s articles2 0 x !n1 at ! age ( fifte5 or sixte51 t ?is fondness = read+1 "u ! /imulus ( boyi% au?or%ip1 disclos$ itself8 ,e>li] ?an t4 ,well1 !n1 at ! gramm>-s*ool & ,ma/] ,br[nwell's writ+-s*ool1 :i* he att5d$ f eight to t5 7= !re are boys :o %[ a fondness = read+1 ev5 at t t5d] age72 0 little ,b5jam9's ta/e = books develop$ :ile yet at s*ool8 ,e>li] ?an t4 ,he> 8 own words1 :i* y w p]mit me to read f t exquisite piece ( autobiography to :i* ,i h already allud$3 ,f my ,,infancy ,i 0 passionately fond ( read+1 & all ! money t came into my h&s 0 laid out 9 pur*as+ books4 ,i 0 v fond ( voyages4 ,my fir/ acquisition 0 ,bunyan's works1 9 sep>ate little volumes4 ,i aft]w>ds sold !m to enable me to buy ,r4 ,burton's ,hi/orical ,collections4 ,!y 7 small *apman's books & *eap1 =ty volumes 9 all4 ,my fa!r's little libr>y consi/$ *iefly ( books 9 polemic div9ity1 mo/ ( :i* ,i read4 ,i h (t5 regrett$ & ?is is a s5t5ce t might be inscrib$ on ! l(ty cornice ( ?is noble hall t at a "t :5 ,i _h su* a ?ir/ = k1 m prop] books _h n fall5 9 my way4444 ,!re 0 among !m ,plut>*'s ,lives1 :i* ,i read abundantly1 & ,i /ill ?9k t "t sp5t to great advantage4 ,!re 0 also a book ( ,defoe's1 call$ an ,essay on ,projects1 & ano!r ( ,dr4 ,ma!r's1 call$ an ,essay to d ,good1 :i*--did :at1 sir8 ,= ,i am n[ go+ to give y1 9 ,frankl9's own words 7!y c>ry ) !m ! ju/ification ( e doll> exp5d$ 9 rais+ ^! walls71 ! orig9al secret ( 8 illu/ri\s c>e]--:at 0 ! effect produc$ by read+ ^! two little books ( ,defoe & ,cotton ,ma!r8 !y p]haps gave me a turn ( ?9k+1 :i* _h an influ5ce on "s ( ! pr9cipal future ev5ts ( my life4 ,yes1 sir1 9 ! read+ ( ^? books 0 ! acorn t spr\t$ into t magnific5t oak2 !re 0 ! f\nta9-drop :i* a fairy might h sipp$ f a butt]cup1 f :i* has fl[$ ! ,miss\ri & ! ,mississippi1--! broad1 deep riv] ( ,frankl9's fame1 w9d+ its way ?r\gh ! lapse ( ages1 & de/9$ to fl[ on1 till x %all be +ulf$ 9 ! ocean ( et]nity4 ,f 8 infancy1 sir1 passionately fond ( read+1 nay1 ) ! appetite ( a vulture1 ) ! dige/ion ( an o/ri*1 attack+ ! great folios ( polemic div9ity 9 8 fa!r's libr>y4 ,n a dull boy1 ei!r2 n a precoci\s little bookworm2 fond ( play2 doesn't dislike a little mis*ief2 sometimes1 z he tells u1 l$ ! o!r boys into scrapes2 b 9 8 int]vals ( play1 9 8 leisure mom5ts1 up 9 ! lonely g>ret :5 ! re/ ( ! family 7 asleep1 hold+ conv]se 9 8 *ildhood ) ! grave old non-con=mi/s1 ,h[e & ,ow5 & ,flavel & ,baxt]1--commun+ ) ! au/]e/ lords ( ?\ght2 ! demigods ( puritanism4 ,frankl9 n a book-man8 ,:y1 he goes on to tell u t x 0 ?is booki% incl9ation :i* at l5g? det]m9$ 8 fa!r to make him a pr9t]1 aga9/ 8 own incl9ation1 :i* 0 = ! sea2 & :5 he _h ?us by con/ra9t become a pr9t]1 8 great consolation 01 z he says1 t ,i n[ _h access to bett] books4 ,an acqua9tance ) ! appr5tices ( booksell]s enabl$ me sometimes to borr[ a small "o1 :i* ,i 0 c>eful to return soon & clean4 ,(t5 ,i sat up 9 my *amb] read+ ! greate/ "p ( ! night1 :5 ! book 0 borr[$ 9 ! ev5+ & 0 to be return$ 9 ! morn+1 le/ x %\ld be f\nd miss+4 ,!n he made ! acqua9tance ( ,mr4 ,mat!w ,adams1 an +5i\s1 s5sible man1 :o _h a pretty collection ( books4 ,he frequ5t$ ! pr9t+-(fice1 took notice ( ! bright little appr5tice1 & v k9dly propos$ to l5d me su* books z ,i *ose to read4 ,hav+ tak5 to a vegetable diet at ! age ( sixte51 he p]suad$ 8 bro!r to all[ him 9 ca% half ! price ( 8 bo>d1--liv$ ^u potatoes & ha/y pudd+1--soon f\nd t he c\ld save half ev5 ( t little all[ance 7:i* c\ld n h exce$$ two-&-six-p5ce a week1 lawful money71 & ?is poor little economy 0 an additional fund = buy+ books4 ,:at w\ld ! poor1 und]f$ boy1 :o 0 glad to buy books on ! sav+s ( 8 potato diet1 h said c\ld he h _h free access to a hall l ?is1 /or$ z x soon w be ) its priceless treasures8 ,fur!r1 sir1 :ile work+ z a j\rneyman 9 ,engl&1 he says1 ,i made ! acqua9tance ( "o ,william ,wilcox1 a booksell]1 ^: %op 0 next door4 ,he _h an imm5se collection ( second-h& books4--7,some:at1 ,i suppose1 l our fri5d ,burnham1 9 ,cornhill47--,circulat+ libr>ies 7 n !n 9 use1 b we agre$ t on c]ta9 reasonable t]ms1 :i* ,i h n[ =gott51 ,i might take1 read1 & return any ( 8 works4 ,?is ,i e/eem$ a great advantage1 & ,i made z mu* use ( x z ,i c\ld4 ,f9ally1 sir1 z ,i h already said1 ,frankl9's fir/ important movem5t = ! good ( 8 fell[-m5 0 ! f\ndation ( ! public libr>y 9 ,philadelphia4 ,at 8 in/ance1 ! memb]s ( a little club to :i* he belong$1 tradesm5 & me*anics ( n>r[ means1 ?rew into common /ock ! few books :i* belong$ to !m4 ,a subscription 0 !n obta9$ f fifty "y m51 pr9cipally tradesm51 ( two p\nds ea*1 & t5 %ill+s p] annum1 & ) ?is little fund !y began4 ,! books 7 import$1 ! libr>y 0 op5$ "o day 9 ! week = l5d+ !m to ! subscrib]s1 on _! promissory notes to pay d\ble ! value if n duly return$4 ,?is 0 ! "m1 says ,frankl91 ( all ! ,nor? ,am]ican subscription libr>ies1 n[ s num]\s4 ,x has become a great ?+ itself1 & cont9ually goes on increas+4 ,^! libr>ies h improv$ ! g5]al conv]sation ( ! ,am]icans1 made ! common tradesm5 & f>m]s z intellig5t z mo/ g5tlem5 f o!r c\ntries1 &1 p]haps1 h contribut$ 9 "s degree to ! /& s g5]ally made ?r\gh\t ! colonies 9 def5ce ( _! privileges4 ,^? are ! words ( ,frankl91 ,mr4 ,mayor1 :i* ,i read f 8 own book4 ,our excell5t fri5d ! ,presid5t ( ! ,commission]s 7,hon4 ,r4,c4 ,w9?rop7 has ju/ly felicitat$ himself on hav+ be5 ! fir/ p]son publicly to raise 8 voice 9 ?is noble hall4 ,he mu/ be a happi] man ?an ,i :o c speak an e>li] or an abl] ^w ?an 8 on any occasion2 b ,i claim ! cr$it ( hav+ read f ! fir/ book op5$ 9 ?is hall2--& :at is m1 sir1 ,i mean to h ! satisfaction ( pres5t+ ! fir/ volume giv5 to ! libr>y1 s9ce ?is build+ came into ! c>e ( ! ,tru/ees4 ,9 y\r pres5ce1 ,mr4 ,mayor1 & t ( ?is va/ assembly on ?is fir/ ( ,janu>y1 #aheh1 ,i (f] ?is copy ( ,frankl9's ,autobiography 9 ,sp>ks's edition1 z a ,new ,ye>'s gift to ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y4 ,nay1 sir1 ,i am go+ to d m1 & make ! fir/1 & p]haps ! la/1 motion ev] made 9 ?is hall2 & t is1 t e p]son pres5t1 ( 8 own accord1 if ( age1--) ! cons5t ( p>5t or gu>dian1 if a m9or1--man1 woman1 boy1 or girl1 be reque/$1 on go+ home1 to select "o good book1 & 9 memory ( ! poor boy1 :o half-f$ himself to gratify 8 ta/e = read+1 pres5t x z a ,new-,ye>'s gift to ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y4 ,i make y t motion1 ,mr4 ,mayor1 & ,i call ^u all pres5t to give me _! voices3 especially ,i ask ! coop]ation ( ! fair] & bett] "p ( creation4 ,if n[h]e else1 woman's rights %all be respect$ 9 ?is hall1 :ile ,i h any?+ to d ) x4 ,i pray y1 ,mr4 ,mayor1 put ! "q1 & !n ,i'll f9i% my spee*4 ,8 ,honor ! ,mayor !n rose & /at$ ! "q1 :i* 0 second$ by ,mr4 ,w9?rop4 ,! mayor p>ticul>ly call$ on ! ladies to vote1 & a unanim\s & emphatic aye res\nd$ ?r\gh ! va/ hall4 ,! negative 0 !n call$ & no response made4 ,8 ,honor1 amid/ great *e]+ & laught]1 pron\nc$ x a unanim\s vote4 ,mr4 ,ev]ett resum$-- ,no1 sir1 if !re is "o lesson m ?an ano!r directly d$ucible f ! life ( ,frankl91 x is ! close connection ( a ?or\ghly practical & useful life & c>e] ) books1 libr>ies1 & read+4 ,if !re is a ?+ on e>? :i* w\ld h gladd5$ 8 he>t c\ld he h anticipat$ x1 x w\ld be ! k t 8 native city1 9 two g5]ations aft] 8 dea?1 w\ld f\nd a libr>y l ?is1 to give to ! ris+ g5]ation & to ! lov]s ( k ( e age t access to books1 ( :i* he s mu* felt ! want4 ,& c\ld x be grant$ to him1 ev5 n[1 to return to 8 native city1 :i* dwelt 9 8 affections to ! close ( 8 life1 8 fir/ visit w\ld be to ! c5tre ( ! anci5t burial-gr\nd1 :]e 9 aft]-life he dutifully plac$ a m>ble slab on ! graves ( 8 p>5ts2 8 second visit w\ld be to ! spot 9 ,milk /reet :]e he 0 born2 8 ?ird to ! corn] ( ,union /reet & ,hanov] /reet1 :]e he pass$ 8 *ildhood1 9 a h\se /ill /&+2 8 f\r? visit w\ld be to ! site ( ! free gramm> s*ool-h\se1 :]e1 z he says 9 8 w1 he receiv$ 8 fir/ in/ruction 9 lit]ature1 & :i* is n[ adorn$ ) a /atue :i* a grateful po/]ity has d$icat$ to 8 memory2 & 8 la/ & longe/ w\ld be to ?is noble hall1 :]e y are mak+ provision = an ample supply ( t read+ ( :i*1 f 8 infancy he 0 passionately fond4 ,! tru/ees h done :at !y c\ld to connect "s ref]5ce to ,frankl9 ) an in/itution :i* w\ld h be5 ! object ( 8 w>me/ affections1 by provid+ t e ,frankl9 m$al boy %all be entitl$ to its privileges2 & inasmu* z ! accumulat+ fund :i* he bequea!d to ! city1 & :i* n[ exce$s sev5ty ?\s& doll>s1 has prov$ almo/ :olly unavail+ = ! prim>y object ( ! beque/1 x des]ves consid]ation :e!r1 :5 x has rea*$ a suffici5t magnitude1 z x w be=e ! end ( ?is c5tury1 ! int]e/ ( ! fund1 if x c be legally done1 might n advantage\sly be appropriat$1 z a p]man5t end[m5t = ! support ( ! libr>y4 ,i h n propos$ at ?is "t1 sir1 on ! "p ( ! tru/ees1 to make a =mal spee*2 ,i h pref]r$ to let ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 speak = u4 ,?is day belongs ( "r to ! commission]s = build+ ! libr>y1 ably repres5t$ z !y are1 by our di/+ui%$ fri5d _! presid5t1 :o has done su* ample ju/ice to ! subject2 & to y1 ,mr4 ,mayor1 z ! organ ( ! city gov]nm5t1 :om ,i _c b congratulate on clos+ y\r (ficial c>e]1--9 all respects s honorable to y\rself & s acceptable to y\r fell[-citiz5s1--by an act1 ,i am sure1 mo/ grateful to y\r own feel+s & mo/ auspici\s ( ! public good4 ,x is n yet ! "t = ! tru/ees to speak4 ,a m fitt+ opportunity may h]eaft] pres5t itself1 :5 ! books %all be plac$ on ! %elves1 ! catalogue pr9t$1 & ! libr>y op5$ = public use4 ,occasion may !n1 p]haps1 ) propriety be tak51 to illu/rate ! importance & utility ( su* an in/itution2 to d ju/ice to ! lib]ality on ! "p ( ! city gov]nm5t & ! individual b5efactors by :i* x has be5 f\nd$1 end[$1 & su/a9$2 & especially to ! g5]osity ( our greate/ b5efactor & e/eem$ fell[-c\ntryman1 ,mr4 ,bates1 ^: lett]s ann\nc+ 8 fir/ munific5t donation ( fifty ?\s& doll>s1 allud+ to 8 own e>ly want ( access to books1 assign t z ! mov+ cause :i* prompt$ 8 lib]ality4 ,x w be ! pleas+ duty ( ^? :o may !n be intru/$ ) ! adm9i/ration ( ! libr>y1 to pay a fitt+ tribute to s mu* public & private b\nty4 ,9 ! mean "t1 sir1 we mu/ ?r[ ourselves on ! pati5ce & consid]at5ess ( ! city c\ncil & ! community4 ,n mu* %ort ( sixty ?\s& volumes are to be br\ght toge!r f f\r diff]5t places ( tempor>y deposit1 & assign$ to _! f9al re/+-places 9 ?is hall & ! circulat+ libr>y bel[4 ,"h !y are to be arrang$ on ! %elves1 ! c>ds & slips :i* p]ta9 to !m1 f> m num]\s ?an ! volumes !mselves1 r$uc$ to alphabetical ord]2 a sep>ate catalogue ( ea* alcove prep>$2 & a compreh5sive catalogue ( ! :ole collection1 )\t :i* x w be little bett] ?an an unmanageable mass1 prep>$ & pr9t$4 ,e ?+ :i* c\ld be done be=eh&1 has be5 anticipat$2 b mu* ( ! "w 0 ( necessity res]v$ till ! books %\ld be plac$ on ! %elves4 ,9 ! int]val1 & :ile ?is labor is go+ on1 ! libr>y 9 ,mason /reet w be left 9 possession ( ! books mo/ 9 reque/ = daily circulation1 & w be clos$ at la/ only :5 x becomes absolutely necess>y t !y also %\ld be remov$ to ! new build+4 ,b x is "t = me to conclude4 ,! %ades ( ev5+ are fall+ ar\nd u2 ^? cressets :i* l5d u _! mild & ta/eful illum9ation w soon be ext+ui%$2 & ! fir/ day ( ! ,new-,ye>1 ri* 9 ! happy prospects we n[ inaugurate1 w come to a close4 ,may ! bless+ ( ,heav5 give effect to its brighte/ anticipations4 ,a few m days1--a few m ye>s1--w foll[ _! appo9t$ r\nd1 & we1 :o n[ ex*ange our congratulations on ?is magnific5t ,new-,ye>'s gift ( our city fa!rs1 %all h pass$ f ! sc5e2 b firm 9 ! fai? t ! gr[? ( k is ! gr[? ( s\nd pr9ciples & pure morals1 let u n d\bt1 t1 by ! lib]ality ( ! city gov]nm5t & ( our g5]\s b5efactors at home & abroad1 a light w be k9dl$ & g =? f ^! walls1 n[ d$icat$ to ! use ( ! ,,free ,,bo/on ,,public ,,libr>y1 :i* w guide our *ildr5 & our *ildr5's *ildr5 9 ! pa? ( intellig5ce & virtue1 till ! sun himself %all fall f ! heav5s4 ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,free ,,circulat+ ,,libr>y ,,address ,,9 ,,its ,,favor ,,at ,a ,,public ,,meet+ ,presid5t ,clevel& made ?is address on ,m>* #f1 #ahij1 :ile a resid5t ( ,new ,york ,city 9 ! int]val betwe5 8 two presid5tial t]ms1 at a meet+1 at ,*ick]+ ,hall1 call$ = ! purpose ( direct+ att5tion to ! "w ( ! /ruggl+ ,free ,circulat+ ,libr>y & if possible to raise funds = its support1 :i* 0 only p>tially insur$ by ! ,city4 ,ow+ to increase 9 bo? public & private contributions ?is libr>y 0 enabl$ to make rapid gr[? 9 ! ye>s imm$iately foll[+ until 9 #aija1 :5 x 0 m]g$ 9 ! ,circulation ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y1 x 0 op]at+ elev5 bran*es ) a circulation ( ov] #fjj1jjj4 ,?is in/itution 0 ! pione] ( ! popul>1 z di/+ui%$ f ! s*ol>ly1 libr>y idea 9 ,new ,york4 ,/eph5 ,grov] ,clevel& 0 born 9 ,caldwell1 ,n4,j41 ,m>* #ah1 #ahcg1 ! fif? son ( a ,presbyt]ian cl]gyman4 ,he receiv$ a common-s*ool education & aft] 8 fa!r's dea? w5t 9 #ahee to live ) an uncle 9 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,he 0 admitt$ to ! b> !re 9 #ahei1 0 assi/ant di/rict attorney 9 #ahfc-ff1 %]iff 9 #ahga-gd & mayor 9 #ahhb4 ,9 ! latt] ye> he 0 elect$ ,gov]nor ( ,new ,york & 9 #ahhd ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he 0 an unsuccessful c&idate = re-election 9 #ahhh1 b 0 elect$ aga9 9 #ahib4 ,he di$ 9 ,pr9ceton1 ,n4,j41 :]e he _h resid$ s9ce 8 la/ presid5tial t]m1 on ,june #bd1 #aijh4 ,! words ,i %all speak on ?is occasion ,i int5d r z a pl$ge ( my adh]ance to ! cause 9 :i* y are enli/$ ?an an attempt to say any?+ new or in/ructive4 ,i gladly jo9 ) ! en?usiasm ( a new conv]t 9 ! felicitations ( ^? :o h done noble & effective "w 9 ! e/abli%m5t & ma9t5ance 9 our city ( a free circulat+ libr>y1 & x seems to me !y h abundant cause = congratulation 9 review ( ! good :i* has already be5 accompli%$ ?r\gh _! ef=ts & 9 ! contemplation ( ! fur!r usefulness :i* awaits _! cont9u$ endeavor4 ,9 e enlight5$ c\ntry ! value ( popul> education is fully recogniz$1 n only z a direct b5efit to its recipi5ts1 b z an elem5t ( /r5g? & safety 9 organiz$ society4 ,consid]$ 9 ^! aspects x %\ld n[h]e be bett] appreciat$ ?an 9 ?is l& ( free in/itutions consecrat$ to ! welf>e & happ9ess ( its citiz5s1 & d]iv+ its sanction & its p[] f ! p4 ,"h ! "* ( ! p is inevitably impress$ ^u ! gov]nm5t1 & "h our public life c no m be high] & pur] ?an ! life ( ! p1 ?an a /ream c rise above its f\nta9 or be pur] ?an ! spr+ 9 :i* x has its s\rce4 ,t we h n fail$ to realize ^! conditions is demon/rat$ by ! e/abli%m5t ( free public s*ools on e side1 :]e *ildr5 are n only invit$ b (t5 oblig$ to submit !mselves to su* in/ruction z w bett] _! situation 9 life & fit !m to take "p intellig5tly 9 ! conduct ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,?us1 9 our s*ools ! "y are taught to read1 & 9 ?is mann] ! se$ is s[n1 f :i* we expect a pr(itable return to ! /ate1 :5 its b5efici>ies %all repay ! educational advances made to !m by an intellig5t & patriotic p]=mance ( _! social & political duties4 ,& yet if we are to create good citiz5%ip1 :i* is ! object ( popul> education1 & if we are to insure to ! c\ntry ! full b5efit ( public in/ruction1 we c by no means consid] ! "w z completely done 9 ! s*oolroom4 ,:ile ! "y ga!r$ !re are fitt+ !mselves to assume 9 ! future _! political obligations1 !re are o!rs ^u :om ^! obligations already re/1 & :o n[ h ! welf>e & safety ( ! c\ntry 9 _! keep+4 ,our "w is badly done if ^! are neglect$4 ,!y h pass$ ! s*ool age1 & h p]haps avail$ !mselves ( free in/ruction2 b !y1 z well z ^? /ill 9 ! s*ool1 %\ld1 nev]!less1 h )9 _! rea* ! means ( fur!r m5tal improvem5t & ! opportunity ( ga9+ t additional k & in=mation :i* c only be secur$ by access to useful & in/ructive books4 ,! husb&man :o expects to ga9 a pr(itable return f 8 or*>ds1 n only c>efully t5ds & cultivates ! "y trees 9 8 nurs]ies z !y gr[ to maturity b he g5]\sly enri*es & c>es = ^? 9 be>+ & ^u :i* he mu/ rely = rip5$ fruit4 ,tea*+ ! *ildr5 ( our l& to read is b ! fir/ /ep 9 ! s*eme ( creat+ good citiz5s by means ( free in/ruction4 ,we tea* ! "y to read s t bo? z *ildr5 & z m5 & wom5 !y may read4 ,our tea*+ mu/ lead to ! habit & ! desire ( read+ to be useful2 & only z ?is result is rea*$ c ! "w 9 our free s*ools be logically supplem5t$ & made valuable4 ,!re=e1 ! same wise policy & int5t :i* op5 ! doors ( our free s*ools to our "y1 also sugge/ ! completion ( ! plan ?us ent]$ ^u by plac+ books 9 ! h&s ( ^? :o 9 our s*ools h be5 taught to read4 ,a man or woman :o nev] reads & is ab&on$ to un?9k+ torpor1 or :o all[s ! entire m5tal life to be b\nd$ by ! n>r[ l9es ( ! daily recurr+ r\t9e ( ef=t = m]e exi/5ce1 _c escape a condition ( b>r5ness ( m9d1 :i* n only causes ! decay ( individual cont5tm5t & happ9ess1 b :i* fails to yield to ! /ate its ju/ly expect$ return ( usefulness 9 valuable s]vice & :olesome political action4 ,ano!r bran* ( ?is "q %\ld n be ov]look$4 ,x is n only ( great importance t our y\? & our m5 & wom5 %\ld h ! ability1 ! desire1 & ! opportunity to read1 b ! k9d ( books !y read is no less important4 ,)\t guidance & )\t ! invitation & enc\ragem5t to read publications :i* w improve z well z int]e/1 !re is dang] t our p w h 9 _! h&s books ^: influ5ce & t5d5cy are ( a negative sort1 if n positively bad & mis*iev\s4 ,l o!r good ?+s1 ! ability & opportunity to read may be s us$ z to defeat _! b5efici5t purposes4 ,! boy :o gre$ily dev\rs ! vici\s tales ( imag9>y d>+ & blood-curdl+ adv5ture :i* 9 ^! days are f> too accessible to ! "y w h 8 bra9 fill$ ) notions ( life & /&>ds ( manl9ess :i*1 if !y d n make him a m5ace to peace & good ord]1 w c]ta9ly n t5d to make him a useful memb] ( society4 ,! man :o devotes himself to ! fla% lit]ature n[ mu* too common w1 in/ead ( increas+ 8 value z a citiz51 almo/ surely deg5]ate 9 8 ideas ( public duty & gr[ dull 9 appreciation ( ! obligations he owes 8 c\ntry4 ,9 bo? ^! cases !re w be a loss to ! /ate4 ,!re is dang] also t a positive & aggressive injury to ! community w result1 & su* read]s w c]ta9ly suff] deprivation to ! happ9ess & cont5tm5t :i* are ! fruits ( improv+ /udy & well-regulat$ ?\ght4 ,s1 too1 ! "y woman :o seeks recreation & ent]ta9m5t 9 read+ silly & frivol\s books1 (t5 ( d\btful moral t5d5cy1 is h]self 9 ! way ( becom+ frivol\s & silly1 if n ( weak morality4 ,if %e escapes ?is latt] condition1 %e is c]ta9 to become utt]ly unfitt$ to be> pati5tly ! burd5 ( self-support or to assume ! sacr$ duties ( wife & "m4 ,contemplat+ ^! tru?s1 no "o c d\bt ! importance ( secur+ = ^? :o read1 z f> z x is 9 our p[]1 facilities = ! /udy & read+ ( su* books z w in/ruct & innoc5tly ent]ta91 & :i* w at ! same "t improve & correct ! ta/es & habits4 ,!re is ano!r ?\ght some:at 9 advance ( ^? already sugge/$1 :i* %\ld n pass unnotic$4 ,z an outgr[? ( ! inv5tive & progressive _s ( our p1 we h among u legions ( m51 & wom51 too1 :o re/lessly desire to increase _! k ( ! new =ces & ag5cies :i* at ?is "t are be+ con/antly dragg$ f _! lurk+-places & subject$ to ! use ( man4 ,^? e>ne/ inquir]s %\ld all be giv5 a *ance & h put )9 _! rea* su* books z w guide & inspire _! ef=ts4 ,if by ?is means ! c\ntry %all ga9 to itself a new inv5tor or be ! patron ( endeavor :i* %all add new elem5ts to ! sum ( human happ9ess & com=t1 its int]v5tion w be well repaid4 ,^! consid]ations1 & ! fact t _m among u hav+ ! ability & incl9ation to read are unable to furni% !mselves ) pr(itable & :olesome books amply ju/ify ! b5efici5t mission ( our ,free ,circulat+ ,libr>y4 ,its plan & op]ation1 s exactly adju/$ to meet a situation :i* _c safely be ignor$ & to wants :i* ought n to be neglect$1 e/abli% its claim ^u ! enc\ragem5t & reasonable aid ( ! public au?orities & comm5d x mo/ fully to ! support & g5]osity ( private b5efaction4 ,! developm5t :i* ?is good "w has already rea*$ 9 our city has exhibit$ ! broad field yet rema9+ unt\*$ & ! inadequacy ( pres5t op]ations4 ,x has br\ght to view also in/ances ( noble individual philan?ropy & dis9t]e/$ private ef=t & contribution4 ,b x c]ta9ly seems t ! "t & money direct$ t[>ds ?is object are conf9$ to a circle ( p]sons f> too n>r[1 & t ! public enc\ragem5t & aid h be5 greatly disproportion$ to private endeavor4 ,! city ( ,new ,york has nev] %[n h]self will+ to be beh9d o!r cities 9 su* "w z is done by our ,free ,circulat+ ,libr>y1 & :ile h] p are mu* engross$ 9 bus9ess activity & ent]prise !y h nev] yet turn$ away f a cause once demon/rat$ to !m to be s wor?y & useful z ?is4 ,! demon/ration is at h&4 ,let x be press$ ^u our fell[ citiz5s1 & let !m be %[n ! practical op]ation ( ! project y h 9 h& & ! good x has accompli%$1 & ! fur!r good ( :i* x is capable ?r\gh _! increas$ lib]ality1 & x w be /range if !y fail to respond g5]\sly to y\r appeal to put ! city ( ,new ,york 9 ! front rank ( ! cities :i* h recogniz$ ! usefulness ( ! free circulat+ libr>ies4 ,,! ,,wadswor? ,,a!naeum ,,addresses ,,at ,,! ,,op5+ ,,( ,,its ,,libr>y ,,9 ,,h>t=d1 ,,conn41 ,,jan4 #b1 #ahic4 ,^! addresses1 by ,*>les ,dudley ,w>n] & ,*>les ,h4 ,cl>k1 are repr9t$ f brief ab/racts giv5 9 ,! ,libr>y ,j\rnal ( ,janu>y1 #ahic4 ,*>les ,dudley ,w>n] 0 born 9 ,pla9field1 ,mass41 ,sept4 #ab1 #ahbi & graduat$ at ,hamilton ,college 9 #ahea4 ,he practis$ law 9 ,*icago 9 #ahef-fj & 9 #ahfa became manag+ editor ( ! ,h>t=d1 ,conn41 ,press4 ,9 #ahfg on its consolidation ) ! ,c\rant1 he became co-editor4 ,he 0 made associate editor ( ,h>p]'s ,magaz9e 9 #ahhd1 & di$ at ,h>t=d1 ,oct4 #bj1 #aijj4 ,he 0 widely popul> z an essayi/1 fir/ ga9+ favorable notice by 8 ,my ,summ] 9 a ,g>d54 ,?is build+ & its cont5ts are contributory to ! excell5ce & enjoym5t ( life exactly z ,bu%nall ,p>k is--n m]ely t x is a place ( re/ & recreation1 b x is a tra9+ 9 beauty1 9 ! appreciation ( nobl5ess1 & 9 ! public & private ref9em5t4 ,culture is a plant ( r sl[ gr[?4 ,i suppose !re nev] 0 su* a *ange wr\ght1 almo/ in/antane\sly1 9 a p z 0 wr\ght 9 ! ,am]ican p by ! op5+ & exhibition ( ! ,philadelphia ,c5t5nial ( #ahgf4 ,its effect 0 at once app>5t ev]y:]e4 ,b k prec$es culture1 culture be+1 aft] all1 b ano!r "n = educational ta/e4 ,n[ ?is in/itution is simply a means = ! culture ( ! city ( ,h>t=d1 9 all ways1 because lit]ature & art--n tak5 ext]nally1 b absorb$ z a "p ( our lives1 n only ( k1 b ( exp]i5ce--are ! ?+s t make life wor? liv+4 ,no "o c speak too highly ( ! (fices ( a great libr>y4 ,x 0 "o ( our great essayi/s1 y rememb]1 :o said t ! mona/]y--speak+ ( x ) ref]5ce to its books--0 ! ark t float$ d[n ov] ! tempe/ & d>kness ( ! middle ages1 9 ord] to c>ry classic le>n+ to ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,!y 7 repositories ( le>n+4 ,t is ! old idea4 ,& = a long "t--almo/ to our day--t 0 ! notion ( ! libr>y4 ,x 0 a place to put some?+ away4 ,x 0 n ev5 l a m>ket = ! sale ( provisions or eggs2 inde$1 if !y 7 eggs ! libr>ians ?\ght x _! duty to sit on !m1 ) ! idea t !y might hat* out o!r books4 ,t 0 a noble ?+ to d4 ,b mu* bett] ?an t is to scatt] ^! books abroad among ! p1 s t we %all n h reproduction--an egg = an egg--b t ^! books w s revivify ! life t we %all h books new1 t express ! actual conditions & t appeal to ! human life z x is4 ,?is is ! mod]n idea ( ! libr>y4 ,?is great collection1 :i* is n to be seclud$1 is to be c>ri$ & ev5 =c$ ^u ! p1 s t x %all ent] into & become a "p ( _! daily lives4 ,y rememb]1 p]haps1 :at ,milton says ab\t ! books1 9 t noble/ ( noble def5ces ( unlic5s$ pr9t+1 t !y are n dead ?+s4 ,z good almo/1 he says1 kill a man z y kill a good book4 ,:o kills a man1 kills a reasonable be+1 made 9 ,god's image4 ,:o de/roys a good book de/roys reason itself1 kills ! image ( ,god z x 71 9 ! eye4 ,_m a man1 he goes on to say1 lives a burd5 to ! e>?1 b a good book is ! preci\s life blood ( a ma/] _s1 embalm$ & treasur$ up on purpose to a life beyond life2 s t if we slay a good book we w\ld slay immortality r ?an a life4 ,*>les ,hopk9s ,cl>k1 :o imm$iately foll[$ ,mr4 ,w>n]1 0 at ?is "t editor 9 *ief ( ,! ,h>t=d ,c\rant1 ( :i* ,mr4 ,w>n] 0 co-editor4 ,mr4 ,cl>k 0 born 9 ,h>t=d ,april #a1 #ahdh1 graduat$ at ,yale1 & jo9$ ! ,c\rant /aff 9 #ahga1 becom+ editor 9 #ahij4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ s9s ( my y\?1 or r "o ( ! e>lie/ t is burnt into my memory1 0 committ$ 9 ! libr>y ( :at 0 !n ! ,"y ,m5's ,in/itute4 ,i spoke out l\d6 ,! rebuke t ,i receiv$ s5t me d[n ! /airs ov]:elm$ ) a s5se ( ! enormity ( my crime1 yet m ?an su/a9$ by joy to ?9k t ,i _h escap$ ! utt] annihilation ) :i* my reprim& 0 freight$4 ,& ,i c say t ! awe ) :i* ,i us$ to ent] t *amb] ( sil5ce1 & ! fe> ) :i* ,i reg>d$ ! libr>ian 7 ! common prop]ty ( all ! "y p ( t some:at remote p]iod4 ,b long s9ce we f\nd out t ! old libr>ian 0 "o ( ! g5tle/ & mo/ in(f5sive m51 & t we _h misund]/ood him z completely z he _h misund]/ood u4 ,b ,i h no su* gloomy recollection1 nor to be hone/1 h ,i any recollection at all ( ! ,wadswor? ,a!naeum gall]y1 because1 l ev]ybody else :o !n liv$ 9 ,h>t=d1 ,i nev] w5t 9 !re4 ,! door 0 (t5 op5 & ! only s5t9el on gu>d _h no m =midable weapon ?an a pair ( knitt+-ne$les4 ,b no "o ev] cross$ t ?re%old4 ,! simple leg5d1 trac$ on a plac>d at ! door1 ,admission ,t5 ,c5ts1 did ! bus9ess1 or r1 to be m elegant z well z accurate1 prev5t$ any bus9ess be+ done4 ,! p :o came up ! /one /eps read ! notice & turn$ (f to ! left to ! libr>y or to ! "r to ! ,hi/orical ,society1 :]e entrance 0 free4 ,i say free1 b fre$om mu/ h its limits if we are to h safety1 s ! t9 sign on ! outside ( ! door gave notice to ! always unwelcome boy t he c\ld n g 9 until he rea*$ ! mature age ( twelve ye>s4 ,t 0 "o ( ! ?+s t ,i want$ to gr[ to full manhood =4 ,& ,i well rememb] my fir/ visit !re4 ,z ,i walk$ sl[ly up ! /airs ,i wond]$ :at v5]able monum5t ( patriotic a*ievem5t1 :at new inspiration to love = our noble ,/ate ^: hi/ory is su* a priceless treasure1 :at vision ( h]oic self-sacrifice 9 h] behalf w\ld fir/ bur/ ^u my eag] eyes :5 ,i %\ld look ar\nd ! hall4 ,i look$ & lo6 !re 9 a glass j> /ood ! *a/e b famili> figure ( ,*>les ,hosm]'s night-bloom+ c]eus--! mode/ pione] ( ! cann$-fruit indu/ry 9 ?is community4 ,i h made ?is brief review 9 ord] to sugge/ to y ! /ate ( innocu\s desuetude 9 :i* = m or less "t ! v>i\s miscall$ int]e/s 9 ?is build+ _h be5 ly+ = lack ( any int]e/ at all4 ,! libr>y _h a limit$ & dw9dl+ cli5tage4 ,! ,a!naeum 0 des]t$4 ,! ,hi/orical ,society1 ) no funds & few fri5ds1 0 exhibit+ a collection ( animal1 vegetable1 & m9]al curiosities1 :ile its real treasures ( hi/ory & tru? 7 by lock & key %ut (f f ! v public = :om !y 7 collect$ & pres]v$4 ,look at t picture1 !n look at ?is :i* greets u "h to day4 ,9 ^! elegant & spaci\s build+s ! :ole public ( ,h>t=d is welcome1 )\t money & )\t price4 ,! circulat+ libr>y w furni% e home ) books1 & ,miss ,hew9s1 :o has devot$ h] life to ?is t[n1 is always ready to help ! y\ng] read]s4 ,! ,libr>y ( ,ref]5ce1 monum5t alike to ,mr4 ,watk9son's lib]ality & ,dr4 ,trumbull's r>e judgm5t & life-long devot$ s]vice z a libr>ian1 (f]s free to all /ud5ts ! au?orities on e bran* ( k4 ,! ,hi/orical ,society1 ) improv$ facilities1 has be5 able to adopt a m lib]al policy1 & is wid5+ its claim ^u public int]e/1 & s increas+ its usefulness1 &1 ?anks l>gely to ! wom5 ( ,h>t=d1 ! ,art ,gall]y & ,art ,s*ool are ready to spread _! ref9+ & :olesome influ5ce all ?r\gh ?is community4 ,,libr>ies ,,z ,,leav5 ,?is address 0 deliv]$ at ! inauguration ( ! ,free ,public ,libr>y1 ,madison1 ,wis41 by ,pr(4 ,james ,d4 ,butl]4 ,james ,davie ,butl] 0 born 9 ,rutl&1 ,vt41 ,m>* #ae1 #ahae1 & 0 graduat$ at ,middlebury ,college1 ,vt41 9 #ahcf4 ,he ent]$ ! ,congregational m9i/ry1 & held ! *airs ( anci5t languages 9 ,waba% ,college1 #ahed-eh & ! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons91 #aheh-fg1 aft] :i* he devot$ himself to lectur+ & writ+ until 8 dea? 9 ,madison 9 #aije4 ,my subject is ,libr>ies z ,leav51 or ! relation ( libr>ies to ! increas$ diffusion ( k4 ,:at is a ,libr>y8 ,x is ! k ( all br\ght )9 ! rea* ( ea* "o4 ,x is an exp&$ encyclopa$ia1 or ! books :i* are1 or ought to be1 consult$ 9 compil+ a p]fect encyclopa$ia4 ,human k--& h5ce ! books 9 :i* x is treasur$ up--is divid$ by "s au?ors into =ty dep>tm5ts4 ,i h _! names "h all writt5 d[n--b ,i d>e n read !m4 ,y w\ld give no m qu>t] to su* a catalogue ?an ! lov] gave to ! m]cantile inv5tory ( 8 swee!>t's *>ms1 :5 itemiz$ z two lips indiff]5t r$1 two gray eyes ) lids to !m1 & s on4 ,b all ^! =ty classes ( k ought to be repres5t$ 9 a libr>y1 & ! m l>gely ! bett]4 ,!y %\ld also m+le !re 9 due proportion1 p>ts into p>ts reciprocally %ot1 & all s =m+ a h>moni\s :ole4 ,if ! :ole body 7 an eye1 :]e 7 ! he>+8 ,i once liv$ 9 a t[n ( a ?\s& families1 :]e1 ?r\gh a legacy1 "o copy ( "s s+le au?or 0 annually pres5t$ to ea* family4 ,b1 ) ! same money1 a ?\s& diff]5t works might h be5 e ye> pur*as$1 & all kept accessible by all ! families4 ,! result w\ld h be5 a fea/ z appetiz+ to all palates z ! miracul\s manna :i* ! rabb9s tell u ta/$ to ea* ,jew l t p>ticul> da9ty :i* he lov$ be/4 ,x is no objection to a libr>y t no man w ev] read x ?r\gh4 ,no man w read ?r\gh 8 diction>y1 & "t is n long en\gh = a man to read all ! words 9 ! daily ,tribune4 ,nor w any cu/om] exhau/ a /ore4 ,yet he dem&s an assortm5t f :i* to select ! little t he ne$s4 ,9 e libr>y mo/ au?ors1 b\nd up 9 cong5ial calf1 sleep s\ndly 9 _! own %eets4 ,yet ! du/ ( dead m5's bones1 at ! t\* ( g5ius1 comes =? 9 a new life4 ,h[ mu* t is be/ 9 ,macaulay & 9 ,buckle is extract$ f biblio!cal rubbi%--or read+ :i* _h nev] be5 read4 ,h5ce ev5 ,samson c\ld n say to ! jaw-bone ( an ass3 ,i h no ne$ ( y4 ,! wise ?ank ,god = fools4 ,!y get _! liv+ out ( !m1 & mo/ly out ( ! greate/ fools4 ,9 tru?1 no libr>y is l>ge en\gh4 ,guizot & ,mi*elet compla9 ( inability to consult c]ta9 books1 ev5 9 t ,p>isian libr>y1 :]e books are z pl5ty z wat] 9 ! deluge1 & ! %elves w\ld rea* f "h to ,milwaukee4 ,a libr>y %\ld be a cosmos2 b x is a *aos till arrangem5t1 catalogues & libr>ians br+ u at once ! volume we desire1 & :i*1 )\t !m1 w\ld be z h>d to fi% up z ! ,atlantic cable lo/ 9 mid-ocean4 ,?us w>like arms 9 magaz9es we place1 ,all rang$ 9 ord] & dispos$ ) grace3 ,n ?us alone ! curi\s eye to please1 ,b to be f\nd1 :5 ne$ requires1 ) ease4 ,9 "s libr>ies1 h[ev]1 books are arrang$ on a sy/em :i* seems borr[$ f ,spani% hospitals1 :]e pati5ts are arrang$ accord+ to religi\s cre$s1 r ?an bodily compla9ts4 ,e libr>y has m volumes ?an ,i c ma/]2 b no libr>y ?\gh x be ! conflux ( all civilizations1 has s _m volumes z ,i may ne$ to consult4 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,/ory us$ to ass]t t no ,am]ican c\ld te/ ! accuracy ( ,gibbon )\t cross+ ! ,atlantic4 ,su* an ass]tion w\ld n[1 p]haps1 be extravagant1 yet _m ( ,gibbon's ref]5ces are /ill h>d to trace 9 ,am]ica4 ,"o in/ance may be wor? notice4 ,our approa*+ national c5t5>y leads u to curiosity 9 ref]5ce to ! secul> fea/s ( ! ,romans4 ,9 ,gibbon's acc\nt ( ! mo/ fam\s among !m1 a ?\s& ye>s f ! f\nd+ ( ,rome1 ! ma9 au?ority quot$ is ,zosimus4 ,b ! hi/ory ( ,zosimus y w seek 9 va9 ?r\gh\t ,madison libr>ies4 ,y w n f9d 8 "n 9 ! public collections ( ,*icago1 or ,c9c9nati1 or ,/4 ,l\is1 or ,san ,francisco4 ,x is unlikely t any s+le copy ( ,zosimus has yet p5etrat$ we/ ( our ,atlantic slope4 ,b h[ d>e ,i ?us speak ab\t ,zosimus8 ,h[ is x possible = me to "k :e!r 8 hi/ory c1 or _c1 be discov]$1 ei!r on ! ,pacific %ore1 or 9 ! ,mississippi valley8 ,i "k x1 ?anks to ! ,libr>y ( ,our ,hi/orical ,society1 & specifically to its goodly array ( biblio!cal catalogues4 ,:y w n our ,c5t5>y ,wom5's ,club buy our ,free ,libr>y a ,zosimus8 ,free libr>ies1 especially ^? ma9ta9$ by public taxation1 7 sc>cely kn[n be=e ! la/ half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,if 9 an antiqu>ian mood1 ,i c\ld inde$ br+ =? curi\s details conc]n+ half a hundr$ 9 cont95tal ,europe1 "s ( !m runn+ back sev]al c5turies1 b ,i =be>4 ,! e>lie/ ,briti% libr>y law1 simil> to ours 9 ,wiscons91 dates f #ahej4 ,! e>lie/ 9 ,massa*usetts--& ,i suppose 9 ,am]ica--0 approv$ ,may #bd1 #ahea4 ,! fir/ libr>y op5$ 9 consequ5ce ( ?is law 0 9 ,new ,b$=d1 ,m>* #c1 #ahec4 ,! gr&e/ triumph "u ! ,massa*usetts law is 9 ,bo/on4 ,! free libr>y !re /&s to-day surpass$ 9 volumes by only ?ree or f\r ,am]ican libr>ies--say ! ,a/or1 ,congress1 & ,h>v>d--:ile 9 arrangem5t1 ar*itecture1 & equipm5t x is pron\nc$ by ! mo/ enlight5$ =eign]s unsurpass$ by any libr>y 9 ! _w4 ,our legislature 9 #ahgb emp[]$ ! mayors & c\ncils 9 t[ns & cities to lay an annual tax ( "o mill on a doll> ( ! assess$ valuation1 = e/abli%+ & ma9ta9+ free libr>ies4 ,?is law w be> good fruit4 ,yet x is a /ep backw>d f ! act ( #ahei4 ,t act creat$ a libr>y fund by sett+ ap>t = t purpose "o-t5? ( ! s*ool-fund income1 & impos+ a tax ( "o-t5? ( a mill on all prop]ty4 ,! sum ( #hh1ghd4gh _h be5 ?us accumulat$ :5 ! w> ( #ahfa broke out1--& ! money 0 us$ = milit>y purposes4 ,x ought to be refund$ by ! ,/ate1 or ,unit$ ,/ates1 & exp5d$ = its orig9al object4 ,! great sup]iority ( ! law ( #ahei lies 9 its ext5d+ to rural di/ricts1--& s leav+ no hamlet unvisit$--:ile ! maxim ( ! pres5t law is1 ,coals to ,newca/le1 owls to ,a!ns1 apples to ,alc9\s4 ,he t ha?--to him %all be giv54 ,x gives a libr>y to ,madison1 :]e #dj1jjj volumes 7 already )9 rea*1 b no?+ at all to five & tw5ty o!r places 9 ,dane ,c\nty1 ^: ne$ ( books is t5 times great]4 ,b libr>ies br+ =? aft] _! k9d1 & free libr>ies1 we may hope1 w become co-ext5sive ) free s*ools4 ,madison1 to-day1 9 op5+ to all h] sons & daught]s a ,free ,libr>y1 has out/ripp$ e o!r municipality 9 ! ,/ate4 ,x is a noble preem95ce1 & w d h] honor to ! end ( ! _w4 ,! ,madison ,free ,libr>y1 x may be reasonably hop$1 w approximate to ! biblio!cal ideal4 ,x />ts ) an inh]itance ( #c1cjh volumes1 accumulat$ dur+ a score ( ye>s by ! ,madison ,in/itute4 ,its rev5ue is consid]able1 & x w gr[ 9 ev5 pace ) ! gr[? ( ! city4 ,no?+ b ,adam & ,m9]va 0 ev] born ( full /ature4 ,! tax n[ assess$ = x w\ld impov]i% no man till aft] ! lapse ( ?rice ?ree ?\s& ye>s4 ,x 0 limit$ to less ?an a ?ird ( :at ! law all[s because we make ! ent]+ edge ( a w$ge ?91 & w\ld le>n wisdom f ,satan :o nev] makes 8 temptations s bad at ! beg9n+ z at ! end4 ,is is only ! fir/ /ep t co/s4 ,! ,free ,libr>y w be ready = w9dfalls1 & s surely z hi/ory repeats itself1 !y w p\r cornucopias into its lap4 ,( ! million volumes 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 two out ( e five 7 gifts4 ,no wond]4 ,book-ga!r]s abhor ! break+ up ( _! collections z we d ! dissolution ( ! ,union1 or z abolitioni/s did ! snapp+ ( family ties by slave-trad]s4 ,le/ :at !y h jo9$ toge!r %all be put asund]1 !y rejoice to lay up _! treasures 9 an in/itution :i* %all nev] die4 ,accord+ly1 9 trac+ ! orig9 ( "o hundr$ & eighty libr>ies 9 cont95tal ,europe1 x has be5 discov]$ t all ( !m1 except sixte51 7 pres5t$ to ! municipalities by book-lov]s4 ,exp]i5ce ?is side ! ,atlantic is ?us f> equally enc\rag+4 ,i w notice a s+le specim54 ,! ,bo/on ,free ,libr>y is ma9ly contribut$ by individuals4 ,"o ?\s& volumes 7 giv5 by ,ev]ett2 #b1cjj by ,b[dit*2 #aa1cfj by ,!odore ,p>k]2 #bf1jjj by ,jo%ua ,bates2 #aa1hii by ! ,old ,s\? ,*ur*1 & ^? ( great] r>ity ?an any o!r equal numb] ( volumes4 ,!n ,ticknor & ,prescott be/[$ ! be/ ,spani% libr>y ev] ga!r$ by private m51 & ,:eelwright "o sc>cely inf]ior1 relat+ to ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,( pecuni>y b5efactions1 ,i w only m5tion #aj1jjj f ,lawr5ce1 #cj1jjj f ,phillips1 & #ej1jjj f ,bates4 ,b legacies to ! ,free ,libr>y h become s common t we may confid5tly expect t1 if any ,bo/onian %all die & bequea? x no?+1 ! c\rts w decide ! neglect ( ! ,libr>y to be conclusive pro( ( insanity1 & s w nullify 8 w6 ,on ! :ole1 we _c be too sangu9e conc]n+ ! prospective progress ( our book-fea/ = ! million4 ,b a libr>y1 h[ev] p]fect1 & ?\gh freely op5 to all ! _w1 may be a light %9+ 9 a d>kness :i* compreh5de? x n4 ,_m ye>s ago1 ,i 0 a /ud5t 9 su* a libr>y at ,rome4 ,x 0 l>g] ?an any "o 9 ,am]ica at t "t1 & (f]$ ! be/ ( all its /ores daily to ev]ybody1 & t )\t *>ge4 ,yet x 0 well-nigh a solitude4 ,! reason 0 obvi\s4 ,my walk ?i!r 0 ?r\gh a gauntlet ( begg>-boys1 & ,i once took ) me an ,italian prim]1 & cri$ out t ,i w\ld give some?+ to any boy :o c\ld read4 ,i held x up be=e n9ete5 9 succession1 b no "o c\ld spell out a l9e4 ,!y _h es*ew$ n only writ+ z tempt+ to =g]y1 b read+ also z a black art4 ,_h !y be5 giants !y c\ld1--l ! b>b>ians :o sack$ ,rome1--ru91 b n reli%1 ! nect>$ sweets ( books4 ,to !m ! collective wisdom ( ! _w 0 z sun%9e to ! bl9d1 or z smoke 9 ! nurs]y riddle1--roomful1 h\seful1 c't cat* a h&ful6 ,or l gospel pe>ls :i* pigs neglect ,:5 pigs h t opportunity4 ,b 9 reg>d to our ,free ,libr>y1 ,i h bett] hopes1 & beg y\r leave to %[ :at use1 9 my judgm5t1 w be made ( x4 ,x w be resort$ to = amusem5t4 ,"s w flit ?r\gh x 9 ! _s ( ! ,vi5nese1 :o turn _! c5tral ca!dral into a ?or\ghf>e on prom5ades & bus9ess walks4 ,b su* visitors w le>n some?+ 9 glanc+ at ! backs ( books4 ,books1 z well z m51 h a physiognomy4 ,"h1 z else:]e1 ! admir]s ( ,%akespe>e w take out 8 plays1 return !m ) ! leaves uncut1 & !n insi/ t booksell]s be in/ruct$ if ,mr4 ,%akespe>e writes any new book1 to =w>d x )\t fur!r ord]s4 ,_m w h no eyes except = ! volumes ( fiction1 & sometimes w r run ?r\gh ^! ?an read !m4 ,novels are a sort ( cake1 :i*1 if eat5 alone1 is prone to make m5tal dyspeptics4 ,yet mo/ novel-read]s w ga9 "s pr(it f our libr>y4 ,"s ( !m w "h acquire a facility 9 read+ :i* = lack ( practice has hi!rto be5 unkn[n to !m4 ,no "o has really le>n$ to read1 until he has read to le>n4 ,_! int]e/ 9 /ories w beguile ! toil ( becom+ ready read]s1 & _! range ( read+ w naturally wid54 ,b if x does n1 !y may le>n mu*4 ,e good fiction is true1 if n to p>ticul> fact yet to g5]al pr9ciples1 to natural sc5]y1 to human nature1 to ! ways ( human life1 mann]s1 cu/oms1 ! v age & body ( ! "t4 ,ev5 ,tom ,moore decl>es t 8 *ief "w ( fiction is f\nd$ on a long & lab\ri\s collection ( facts4 ,aga91 :5 worn out by "w1 :5 c>e-craz$1 & n]ves are un/rung1 :o has n f\nd 9 fiction--! balm ( hurt m9ds--a recreation1 a city ( refuge1 a re/orative4 ,cups t *e] b n inebriate8 ,9 ?is way our free libr>y w be a new pleasure1 & ! f\nd] ( x des]ves ! rew>d (f]$ by ! ,sicilian tyrant1 = su* an inv5tion4 ,"w 0 nev] s monoton\s z n[2 accord+ly1 play ought to be m ?an ev] amus+4 ,! ,kilk5ny cats1 :o dev\r$ ea* o!r all b ! tails1 left "o orphan kitt5 :i* began to eat up itself1 b cat*+ sight ( a m\se 0 div]t$ f suicide4 ,!re is among u m ?an "o disconsolate kitt5 n[ de/roy+ himself1 :o w 9 our free fea/ ( fiction espy a m\se :i* w reconcile him to life1 & save him f himself4 ,! rationale ( ?is solace is indicat$ aft] a =cible1 ?\gh r a homely fa%ion1 9 ! ,*9ese say+3 ,a dog *as+ game does n m9d ! fleas :i* he b>ks at :ile he lies 9 8 k5nel4 ,! lab\r we delight 9 physics pa94 ,aga91 9 all great works ( fiction ! purpose is1 :ile n o'er/epp+ ! mode/y ( nature1 to %[ virtue h] own feature1 & scorn h] own image4 ,:o c c\nt ! admir]s ( ,scott & ,dick5s t h le>n$ f _! portraitures moral lessons s well z nev] to =get !m2--to loa! ! mean & aspire to ! noble2--to %un evil & cleave to good--9 spite ( temptations to "o & f ! o!r8 ,b1 aft] all1 our book-treasury w only n[ & !n be/[ its be/ gifts on ^? :o resort to x m]ely = pleasure4 ,to mo/ visitors ( ?is class x mu/ rema9 no m ?an a telescope to a *ild1 some?+ to play ) r ?an to look ?r\gh4 ,accord+ly1 !y no m exhau/ ! capacities ( books ?an ! ,iri% made full pro( ( potatoes :ile !y cook$ only ! balls & left ! tub]s to rot 9 ! gr\nd4 ,b ! ,free ,libr>y w be resort$ to = in/ruction4 ,few w always hold ! amus+ button s close to _! eyes t x w hide ! in/ructive sun4 ,f ! />t x w be sup]ior to e private collection 9 ! city1 & its sup]iority w increase4 ,accord+ly1 pr(essional m5 w come ?i!r to in=m !mselves ei!r ea* 9 8 own specialty1 or sally+ on excursions f _! home fields4 ,besides ! "t-hon\r$ & traditional ?ree pr(essions1 editors & tea*]s w be !re1 le>n+ h[ to answ] ! h>d que/ions ( pupils & subscrib]s4 ,ea* ( ^! pr(essionals w m or less make kn[n :at he le>ns4 ,! biblio!cal odor w be z pla9 ^u !m z a c]ta9 o!r odor is ^u ^? :o em]ge f ! smok+-c> or saloon4 ,disp5s+ native p]fumes !y :isp] :5ce !y /ole ^? balmy spoils4 ,b ! biblio!cal leav5 w leav5 ! community m directly4 ,god has set g5iuses z great lights 9 ! firmam5t to give light & delight z well on ! e>?4 ,! circuit ( su* suns is unto ! ends ( ! heav51 & !re is no?+ hid f ! heat !re(4 ,m & m p]vasive is _! influ5ce1 l ! spr+-"t1 :i* leaves no corn] ( ! l& unt\*$4 ,9 a libr>y e man w recognize "s supreme au?or transfigur+ :atev] he t\*es1--cry/alliz+ into diamonds by wit1 turn+ to gold ) poetry1 & glorify+ z ) tongues ( angels by eloqu5ce1 & :om he h5ce wor%ips z ,scot*m5 d ,burns & z all ! _w does ,%akespe>e4 ,less & less d m5 ent]ta9 angels unaw>es1 m & m are !y a%am$ to "k ! _w's books only by "n4 ,nobody n[ asks conc]n+ ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,:at does x prove8 ,moreov]1 ! ,free ,libr>y w be patroniz$ by ! p 9 que/ ( answ]s to multitud9\s que/ions4 ,newspap]s1 :e!r 9 its read+-room or out ( x1 w r\se 9 _m directions a curiosity !y _c satisfy1 & s w urge to ! libr>y4 ,!re is a /ory t an ,engli%man 9 a ,london libr>y1 aft] look+ ?r\gh an atlas1 said to a fri5d1 ,help me f9d ,umbrage on ! map6 ,i read 9 my gazette t ! ,fr5* h tak5 ,umbrage4 ,:at a good-=-no?+ m9i/] is ours--to leave ,umbrage s poorly def5d$ t ! ,fr5* c\ld take x4 ,t ,john ,bull discov]$ 9 ! libr>y ei!r umbrage1 or :at 0 bett] = him--8 own ignorance & ! way to remove x1 tak+ umbrage aga9/ himself4 ,8 gazette probably br\ght ! same e>ne/ inquir] to ! libr>y = hi/ory z well z = geography4 ,a daily pap]1 :i* is ! hi/ory ( ! _w = "o day1 leads backw>d1 z a /ream c>ries our ?\ghts to its f\nta94 ,:oev] repairs to a libr>y ) "o hi/orical qu]y w be likely to repeat 8 visit1 s9ce newspap]s1 9 ! light ( hi/ory1 w become m significant z ! la/ *apt] 9 a novel is m int]e/+ to ^? :o h read ! previ\s *apt]s1 & s (t5 leads "o back to !m4 ,aga91 discussions are always aris+1 n m]ely 9 =mal debates1 b z we sit 9 ! h\se & walk by ! way4 ,"s c>ry !m on by ass]tions & c\nt]-ass]tions--a /rong w & a /rong won't--equally positive & ignorant1 discuss+ & sometimes leav+ (f ! dis1 till l ,milton's devils !y f9d no end1 9 w&]+ mazes lo/4 ,too (t5 ,x comes to pass t a t]rible oa?1 ) a swagg]+ acc5t twang$ (f1 gives an op9ion m approbation ?an ev] pro( itself w\ld h e>n$ x4 ,o!rs back up _! op9ions by wag]s1 9 spite ( a lurk+ feel+ t ,bets are ! blockhead's argum5t1-- ,! only logic he c v5t1 ,8 m9or & 8 major4-- ',tis to confess y\r head a worse ,inve/igator ?an y\r purse1 ,to reason ) a wag]4 ,b :]e /&>d books are at h&1 inve/igation w (t5 ei!r take ! place ( disputation1 or br+ /rife to a spe$y end4 ,let u hope ^? "h seek+ props = _! argum5ts w nev] be ^? jeal\s lov]s ( books :o _c use !m )\t us+ !m up1 or :o _s !m away = !mselves alone4 ,su* abductors h sometimes infe/$ ! libr>ies 9 ! ,capitol4 ,_! !fts c be ju/ifi$ only by t casui/ry :i* holds /eal+ ! relics ( sa9ts = a pi\s fraud4 ,b 9 tru? ! m holy ! sa9t1 ! m he9\s ! sacrilege ( :at ,hood calls ,book-ane]+4 ,moreov]1 e lecture deliv]$ 9 ! city w s5d "s inve/igators to ! libr>y1 t !y may confute1 or confirm1 or amplify its tea*+s4 ,a lecture t pops w n be z surely popul> z =m]ly1 if ! libr>y %all ev9ce t :at is true 9 x is n new1 & t :at is new is n true1 or t ! speak] draws on imag9ations = facts & on facts = imag9ations4 ,e meet+ ( our ,wom5's ,c5t5nial ,club w />t inquiries :i* _c be answ]$ )\t rec\rse to ! libr>y4 ,x is c]ta9 t books ( travel w "h be l>gely consult$4 ,"s ( u purpose to g abroad4 ,su* w read be=eh& 9 ord] to add a preci\s see+ to _! eyes4 ,!y w\ld dislike to h _! exp]i5ces ^? ( a lady :o :5 ask$ :at %e saw 9 ,rome answ]$ dirt1 or ( ! ,london b>b] :o at ! coronation ( ,napoleon rememb]$ no?+ except t ! ,emp]or 0 well %av$1 or ( ! ,bo/onian fre% f ! ,we/ :o1 :5 call$ on = 8 op9ion ( ,madison1 said x w\ld be a pretty fair ,massa*usetts village if x 7 n spoil$ by s _m fre% wat] ponds ar\nd x4 ,o!rs among u h travell$ already1 & we %all be /udi\s 9 ! libr>y t we may asc]ta9 :at we ought to h se5--b did n1 or ! mean+ ( :at we did see1 b :i* 0 ,greek to u4 ,! ,%ah ( ,p]sia not$ 9 8 j\rnal t ( all ! f9e ?+s 9 ,europe ! f9e/ to 8 m9d 0 a %[ ( wax "w4 ,8 libr>y w\ld tea* him bett]1 & w\ld n laugh at him1 z we d4 ,a ,v]mont fri5d ( m9e1 aft] 8 trip to ,london1 :5 ask$ :e!r he saw ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 confess$ t he did n1 b add$ t ,we/m9/] ,abbey 0 out ( t[n at ! "t ( 8 visit4 ,if he _h free c\rse 9 our libr>y he w\ld h>dly excuse himself 9 t way aga94 ,soon aft] cross+ ! ,mississippi at ,burl+ton1 ,i he>d a ,new ,york m]*ant1 b\nd = ,cali=nia1 rem>k+3 ,h[ mu* geography "o le>ns 9 travell+4 ,"h is ,burl+ton4 ,i always ?\ght x 9 ,ill9ois1 b n[ ,i f9d x is 9 ,miss\ri4 ,libr>y-read+ may by ?is "t h add$ insight to 8 sight1 & convict$ him ( ! blund] :i* ,i suff]$ to pass uncorrect$1 ?\gh we *att$ #ajj miles toge!r4 ,!re are o!rs ( u :o1 on he>+ a travell]'s tales1 are curi\s to exam9e h[ f> we1 l ! old prophet1 %\ld c\nt ! way-f>+ man a fool1 & h[ f> he uses 8 lic5se to lie4 ,h5ce !y w read t !y may make up _! m9ds :e!r all ,,m>k ,,twa9',s c>icatures h ! r+ ( tru?4 ,a ,g]man table d'hote ( tw5ty c\rses w surfeit a c>eless d9] be=e x is half ov]1 & yet fail to af=d him ei!r :at he likes be/ or :at he %\ld l be/4 ,h5ce x compels gue/s to a c>eful *oice :at !y w p>take ( & :at refuse ( ! bless+ !re is no room to receive 9 its fulness4 ,a simil> influ5ce w be ex]t$ by ! free libr>y :]e we fall into ! emb>assm5t ( ri*es4 ,we %all be driv5 to select f its bill ( f>e1 t is ! catalogue1 t fraction :i* we c enjoy mo/ & :i* w pr(it u mo/4 ,ta/e aft] ta/e upheld by k9dlie/ *ange4 ,"s p]sons1 :5 !y survey a libr>y & p]ceive t !y c nev] read ! hundr$? "p ( its volumes1 w be attract$ to ^? works :i* tea* :at to read1 or op5 a panoramic outlook on ! div]sifi$ regions ( ! booki% _w4 ,( all ! be/ ( man's be/ kn[l$ges1 ,! cont5ts1 indexes & title-pages1 ,?r\gh all pa/1 pres5t1 & succe$+ ages4 ,unless we ?us lib]alize our views we are likely to vegetate1 l ! rhub>b pie plant1 "u a b>rel1 & see ! _w only ?r\gh its bunghole4 ,ignorant ( bibliographical guides & h5ce at a loss h[ to e/imate books1 ! /ew>d ( a ,briti% nobleman sold z rubbi% all volumes 9 ! libr>y :i* lack$ cov]s4 ,"o ( ^? ?us dispos$ (1 & b\ght by a p$l> = n9e p5ce1 prov$ to be ! v e>lie/ issue ( ! ,briti% press1 snapp$ up by ! ,briti% museum = ,l#hj1 & c\ld n n[ be b\ght = t5 times t sum4 ,9 reg>d to ! intr9sic value ( books blund]s m egregi\s are daily made4 ,libr>ies 7 nev] s ne$ful z n[1 = libr>ies & life nev] lay s close to "o ano!r z n[4 ,our famili> sights lead to int]e/ 9 recondite k4 ,photography1 gas1 ! locomotive1 k]os5e1 yes1 e mat* t lights x1 provokes que/ions 9 *emi/ry1 or philosophy1 :i* n e libr>y c answ]4 ,no "o c gaze at ! dome ( our ,capitol )\t naturally fall+ into ar*itectural inquiries :i* draw him ?r\gh a _w ( books t expose ! nak$ness ( 8 ignorance1 yet nev] put him to op5 %ame4 ,b ! tru? is too palpable to dwell on t 9 our day life t\*es libr>ies at e po9t4 ,9 all libr>ies !re are read]s ^: emblem is dead fi% :o foll[ ! /ream1 b ?anks to v>i\s accid5ts1 "s ( ?is class1 ceas+ to be passive recipi5ts1 beg9 to inve/igate z active seek]s4 ,!y at once rise to a high] m5tal plane4 ,! contra/ betwe5 active seek]s & passive recipi5ts is analog\s to t betwe5 ! m\nta9e]s & ! m>itime aborig9es ( ,cali=nia4 ,! m\nta9e]s liv$ on grizzly be>s--food :i* x 0 impossible to seize )\t task+ _! en]gies to ! utmo/4 ,b task+ tra9s4 ,! m>itimes liv$ on salmon1 :i* 7 s abundant & s tame t !y c\ld be caught by fi%]s :o lay bask+ 9 ! sun4 ,b bask+ en]vates4 ,naturally en\gh no ,indians are sup]ior to ! m\nta9e]s :o are active seek]s1 nor yet inf]ior to ! m>itimes1 :o are passive recipi5ts4 ,:at inve/igators seek !y w n f9d at once2 !y may nev] f9d x4 ,b !y are sure to discov] some?+ bett]1 s t !y w say ) ,,less+1 9 ! libr>y at ,wolf5buttel1 ,7 ,god to hold tru? 9 "o h& & se>* 9 ! o!r1 & give me my *oice1 ,i w\ld say3 ,give me seek+ )\t f9d+1 r ?an f9d+ )\t seek+6 ,all ?+s t are1 ,are ) m _s *as$ ?an enjoy$4 ,c\rt%ip once ov]1 ! novel ends4 ,9 ! libr>y :]e ,,less+ 0 made libr>ian--n t he might s]ve ! libr>y1 b t ! libr>y might s]ve him--,i took 9 my h& ) rev]5ce ! ink/& out ( :i* he di/ill$ ! ess5ce ( a ?\s& books1 & re=m$ ,g]man lit]ature z radically z ,,lu!r _h re=m$ ,g]man religion4 ,all tru?s be+ int]-dep5d5t1 e road w lead to ! end ( ! _w1 & s :ile /udy+ "o subject a man becomes int]e/$ 9 o!rs1 & 8 range ( inquiry exp&s4 ,:5 he k9dles "o dry /ick1 _m gre5 ones w cat*1 & 8 brighte/ blazes are lit up by unexpect$ sp>ks4 ,"o quickly le>ns to love hunt+1 & be=e work+ up _m topics1 he =ms an inve/igat+ habit :i* w p]petuate itself4 ,?us :ile seek+ an oy/]1 he f9ds a pe>l1 l ,,saul :o s\ght asses & f\nd a k+dom4 ,h5ce=? he reads m by subjects1 ea* a cord to /r+ pe>ls on1 ?an by volumes1 = he feels t1 ,unless to "s p>ticul> end design$1 ,read+ is b a speci\s trifl+ ( ! m9d1 ,& !n1 l ill-dige/$ food1 ,to humors turns & n to blood4 ,b less & less ( t sort is 8 read+1 ?\gh x range ?r\gh all "t1 & tax all ! _w4 ,su* an inquir] w live long] ?an ,,me?uselah1 = he w h m ?\ghts1 yet he w wi% ea* ( 8 m9utes 0 a mill5>y4 ,he w read ) an appetite gr[+ z long z he lives2 inde$ read+ w help him to live long]4 ,a ?\s& su* read]s feel :at "o has spok5 out1 say+3 ,9 a libr>y ,i 0 ?r[n1 in/ead ( worse society1 into ! company ( poets1 philosoph]s & sages--to me good angels & m9i/]s ( grace4 ,f ^! sil5t in/ructors :o (t5 d m ?an fa!rs = our int]e/s1 f ^! delightful associates ,i le>n$ some?+ ( ! div9e & m ( ! human religion4 ,!y 7 my int]pret]s 9 ! ,h\se ,beautiful ( ,god1 & my guides among ! ,delectable ,m\nta9s ( ,nature1 ,bless+ be ) !m & et]nal praise1 ,:o gave me nobl] loves & nobl] c>es4 ,pre-em95tly to ! "y w ! myriad-m9d$ libr>y be an oracle 9 p]plexities4 ,!y h be5 bett] tra9$ 9 public s*ools ?an we ( ! la/ g5]ation 74 ,!y h brok5 gr\nd 9 m v>i\s /udies1 & _! curiosity has be5 /imulat$ conc]n+ m que/ions4 ,ea* "q1 ea* /udy puts 9 _! h& a new key to ! locks :i* %ut up libr>ies4 ,s+]s love to s+1 & x is joy = ! j to d ju/ice1 s w our y\? rejoice to use 9 ! libr>y ! skill !y h acquir$ 9 s*ool z naturally z :5 !y get jack knives !y take to :ittl+4 ,! public s*ools !n f9d 9 free libr>ies _! fitt+ supplem5t1 & complem5t4 ,s*ools )\t libr>ies fe$ a prison] ) salt$ vi&s & !n tantalize 8 ?ir/ ) pit*]s & bottles1 all empty4 ,! free s*ool & ! free libr>y w jo9 h&s l husb& & wife 9 a well-mat*$ m>riage4 ,he is ! half-"p ( a bless$ man1 ,left to be f9i%$ by su* z %e2 ,& %e a fair divid$ excell5ce1 ,^: fulness ( p]fection lies 9 him2 ,b two su* silv] curr5ts :5 !y jo91 ,d glorify ! banks t b9d !m 94 ,ea* befits ! o!r1 z ,,alex&] said conc]n+ ! f9e/ poem & ! mo/ co/ly casket 9 ! _w :5 he en%r9$ ! ,iliad 9 ! ,p]sian box ( gold & gems4 ,bo? are lott]ies :]e tickets co/ no?+ & ev]ybody may draw all ! prizes4 ,9 addition to ?is1 ! free libr>y w be to "s no?+ less ?an an inspiration4 ,to "s--,i wi% ,i c\ld say to all1 b alas1 x is only an elect few :om ! libr>y c inspire4 ,spectacles are invaluable1--b only to ^? :o h eyes4 ,"o ,sultan nev] wore a %irt t _h n e ^w ( ! ,koran writt5 on x yet absorb$ little piety4 ,,a>on',s excuse = mak+ only a gold5 calf 01 t ! ,jews did n br+ him gold en\gh to make an ox4 ,! *]ubim :o "k mo/ c nev] equal ! s]aphim :o love mo/4 ,an ugly & /upid man1 walk+ ) a lady on ea* arm1 boa/s t he is betwe5 wit & beauty1 b may n imbibe "o p>ticle ( ei!r4 ,to "s1 h[ev]1 a free libr>y w make up = ! lack ( a lib]al education4 ,m ?an t4 ,x w furni% su* an education e jot & tittle ( x1 & t1 9 "s s5se1 bett] ?an 0 ev] be/[$ 9 a college1 because acquir$ 9 ! face ( great] difficulties4 ,libr>ies h (t5 v\*saf$ ?is priceless boon4 ,t 9 ,salem did to ,,b[dit*1 ! ma!matician1 9 ! la/ c5tury1 & to ,,:ipple1 ! essayi/1 9 ?is4 ,! ,ed9burgh libr>y made ,,hume an hi/orian4 ,ano!r 0 inspiration to ,,cobbett4 ,s 0 t ( ! ,erfurt conv5t to ,,lu!r4 ,x _h pur*as$1 says 8 biograph]1 at heavy co/1 sev]al ,lat9 ,bibles j pr9t$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ! neighbor+ city ( ,ma9z4 ,:5 he fir/ op5$ "o ( ^! tomes 8 eyes fell on ! /ory ( ,,hannah & ,,samuel4 ,o1 ,god1 he murmur$1 c\ld ,i h "o ( ^! books ,i w\ld seek no o!r worldly treasure4 ,a great revolution !n took place 9 8 s\l4 ,8 happie/ h\rs 7 9 ! libr>y4 ,conc]n+ su* a s*ol>-- ,we _c say3 '',tis pity ,he lacks in/ructions1' = he seems a ma/] ,to mo/ t tea*4 ,! influ5ce ( anci5t ,libr>ies on classical writ]s is manife/ f _! quotations4 ,,plut>*',s h be5 trac$ to #bej au?ors4 ,,pl9y',s to #b1jjj works4 ,classical ,libr>ies pres]v$ 9 ,con/ant9ople1 s long z /udi$1 made !re a ,go%5 ( light 9 ! ,d>k ,ages1 & :5 c>ri$ to ,italy prov$ a ,prome!an sp>k to k9dle occid5tal culture anew4 ,x is well kn[n t inv5tions are (t5e/ /ruck out 9 ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 ! gr& /ore-h\se ( inv5tions4 ,9 ! _w ( m9d1 z well z ( matt]1 new ideas are sugge/$ :]e old ideas mo/ congregate1 or are mo/ commun$ )4 ,accord+ to ,,*auc]1 ,out ( old fields1 z man sai?1 ,come? all ! new corn f ye> to ye>1 ,& out ( old books1 9 good fai?1 ,come? all ! new sci5ce t m5 le>4 ,! idea ( writ+ ! ,life ( ,,columbus fir/ d>t$ into ! m9d ( ,,irv+1 :51 9 ,madrid1 he f\nd himself surr\nd$ by an unrival$ magaz9e ( mat]ials made ready to 8 h&1 & = :i* ! _w _h be5 ransack$4 ,?us ! sight ( means to make good books makes good books made4 ,n only ^? volumes :i* compose ! body ( lit]ature1 b ^? f9] ess5ces :i* =m its s\l1--! lit]ature ( p[]1--/amp$ 9 ,nature's m9t ( ec/asy--are m>k$ all ov] ) pro(s ( famili>ity ) ! be/ t _h be5 a*iev$1--ea* 9 its own dep>tm5t4 ,nobody has hesitat$ ?us to affirm conc]n+ ,,virgil1 ,,dante1 ,,tasso1 ,,milton4 ,b x is commonly said t ,,%akespe>e 0 ignorant4 ,! tru? is t no ignorant man1 no ord9>y1 s*ol> c und]/& 8 allusions1 hi/orical1 romantic1 classical1 or ^? to art1 sci5ce1 nationalities1 cu/oms--or ev5 8 words4 ,he c\ld get m f a ,libr>y 9 a day ?an mo/ m5 9 a life-"t1 b he ne$$ x /ill4 ,9 speak+ ( ,,%akespe>e1 ,i mean ! man :o wrote ! ,plays reput$ 81 no matt] :e!r t au?or 0 ,,bacon1 or ,,john ,,smi?1 or ev5 our t[nsman ,,george ,b4 ,we ought to say t ,,%akespe>e 0 a univ]sal man1--because he 0 heir ( all ages1--& 8 0 univ]sal k1 a k :i* nei!r c we fa?om nor c\ld he f9d )\t a libr>y4 ,8 peculi>ity 0 ability to disc]n ! immortal "p ( books1 or to /amp :at 7 o!rwise p]i%able ) 8 own immortality4 ,:oev] c d mu* )\t tools1 c d m ) !m4 ,accord+ly m5 d _! brok5 weapons r use ?an _! b>e h&s4 ,:oev] c d mu* )\t a libr>y1 c d m ) a libr>y4 ,,david did mu* ) a sl+1 b m ) bett] arms1 & build$ an armory on :i* !re hung a ?\s& buckl]s1 all %ields ( mighty m54 ,if !n !re be among u any "o p]son endu$ ) any sp>k ( ,%akespe>ian or o!r g5ius he w f9d x k9dl+ to a flame ?r\gh contact 9 ?is libr>y ) simil> cele/ial fires4 ,to su* a meet+ s\l6 z ,,milton calls x1--! libr>y w prove a bett] bonanza ?an has be5 prospect$ 9 our ,/ates ( silv] & gold4 ,?\gh hav+ no?+ he %all possess all ?+s1--inf9ite ri*es 9 a little room4 ,?us our ,free ,libr>y w amuse1 & in/ruct1 & inspire4 ,ov] its entrance ,i seem to read z on ! front ( ! olde/ 9 ! _w1 ! inscription1 ,! heal+ ( ! s\l1 or ! words ( ,,frankl9 to 8 namesake t[n1 ,i give y books in/ead ( a bell1 s5se r ?an s\nd4 ,let x h free c\rse = a g5]ation1 call+ to culture z ceaselessly z a /&+ army calls to w>1 & ?is community w say ) ,,s5eca1 ,leisure )\t books & lett]s is m5tal dea? & burial4 ,! fir/ public libr>y 9 ,ohio--j two ye>s y\ng] ?an ! ,/ate--0 f\nd$ 9 ,ames4 ,x 0 b\ght by hunt]s :o ?rew toge!r a lot ( raccoon sk9s1 s5t !m 9 a sleigh by "o ( _! numb] to ,bo/on & !re b>t]$ !m = books4 ,!y soon hunt$ ,greek z zeal\sly z game1 & :ile ,ames rema9$ a hamlet t5 ( !m1 or _! *ildr51 7 among ! e>ly graduates ( ! ,/ate ,univ]sity4 ,! influ5ces ( a libr>y are cumulative1 & sometimes become manife/ only aft] a long lapse ( ages4 ,! cuni=m libr>y ( ,assyrian bricks1 dat+ f pre-hi/oric p]iods1 burn$ up1 buri$ & =gott5 j n[ em]ges f its grave speak+ 9 a voice he>d r\nd ! _w1 & no less au?oritative ?an a second book ( ,g5esis4 ,f its %elves m c5turies look d[n ^u u ?an ^u ,,napoleon at ! ,pyramids4 ,libr>ies are hemm$ 9 by no l9es ( ,/ate1 nation1 race1 language1 religion or c5tury4 ,_! field is ! _w4 ,b ours is ! cosmopolitan age1 & we are pre-em95tly ! cosmopolitan p4 ,m ?an any o!r p1 !n mu/ we feel ! ne$ ( libr>ies1 :i* are1 ( all in/itutions1 ! mo/ cosmopolitan4 ,h5ce !y w b5efit u mo/4 ,consid]ations l ^! demon/rate t free libr>ies t5d to equality & frat]nity4 ,!y are free lun*es1 cry+ to all3 ,cut1 & come aga96 ,z we all h equal rights at ! polls & 9 c\rt1 s h we 9 ! free libr>y4 ,9 *ur* we ea* secure a bless+ 9 proportion to our capacity2 s c we 9 ! libr>y4 ,9 bo? bless$ are !y :o hung] & ?ir/1 = !y %all be fill$4 ,9 public s*ools all c enjoy ! be/ ( tea*+ )\t money & )\t price2 s c !y 9 ! free libr>y4 ,free libr>ies w create an ari/ocracy--"o op5 to tal5t & toil1 b to no?+ else2 ! ari/ocracy ( k4 ,:]e /reet c>s h be5 introduc$1 half ! private c>riages are soon giv5 up1 s ! e/abli%m5t ( free libr>ies w lead _m to refra9 f l>ge dome/ic collections z sup]flu\s1 & to ! transf] ( _m a private libr>y to ! public %elves1 :]e !y w n only d m good1 b w be bett] c>$ =1 bett] arrang$1 & m accessible ?an !y n[ are ev5 to _! own]s4 ,"o millionaire z we walk$ into 8 libr>y1 said ) a sigh3 ,see h[ _m gaps !re are 9 my %elves6 ,five hundr$ ( my books are miss+1 l5t & lo/4 ,lo/6 cri$ ,i1 half 9 joke1 say r f\nd6 lo/ to y1 b f\nd ea* by "s "o :o w make ! mo/ ( !m4 ,w\ld to heav5 ^! #e1jjj 7 lo/ 9 ! same way1 lo/ by y :o h no "t nor c>e = !m1 f\nd by ^? :o h bo?4 ,nobody c\ld /eal !m f y1 b at mo/ only f mo?s & worms1 du/ & m\ld4 ,ri* m5 :o h b\ght libr>ies z luxuries w le>n t ! way to save !m is to lose !m1 & t _! books s]ve !m be/ :5 deposit$ 9 free libr>ies4 ,_m v>ieties ( %am equality result f outside pressure4 ,9 ,v5etian gondolas all awn+s are requir$ to be black t no "o may out%9e 8 neighbor4 ,"u ! fir/ republic ! ,fr5* proscrib$ all titles b citiz51 & citiz5ess1 :i* !y gave to ev]ybody4 ,communi/s w\ld make all m5's %>es 9 prop]ty equal4 ,endeavors ( ?is sort n only fail1 b prove suicidal l ! impetu\s ,iri%man1 insi/+ t "o man is z good z ano!r1 & a great dey bett] too4 ,! influ5ce ( ,free ,libr>ies1 h[ev] is t[>d g5u9e & n m]ely visible equality4 ,?anks to !m ! mo/ exp5sive luxury ( ! ri* becomes ! daily food ( ! poor1 & ! tree ( k no m be>s =bidd5 fruit4 ,a volume :i* ,i c draw out ( a libr>y at w is wor? z mu* to me z if ,i own$ x4 ,9 fact1 ?\gh my private libr>y is n small1 ! books ,i read are m (t5 borr[$ ?an my own4 ,if ,i take out books f a libr>y1 ,i am d\bly spurr$ to to make _! cont5ts my own1 because ^? books mu/ be return$ m promptly ?an to ! fri5d :o nei!r exacts f9es nor yet ev5 notes 9 a book :at book we borr[4 ,,frankl9 tells u t he (t5 sat up read+1 ! great] "p ( ! night1 :5 a book borr[$ 7he means /ol57 f booksell]s 9 ! ev5+1 0 to be return$ 9 ! morn+ le/ x %\ld be f\nd miss+4 ,9 proportion z m5 make full pro( ( books1 !y become alike inside1 9 real communion ) great au?ors1 9 in=mation1 ta/e1 m5tal capacity1 ma/]y ( spee*1--accompli%m5ts :i* _c be lo/1 & :i* r5d] ea* "o m equal & cong5ial ) 8 fell[s4 ,m5 w /ill diff] by ,god1 n by man4 ,:at !n is ! ,free ,libr>y less ?an ! key /one 9 our ,republican ar*8 ,:5 we w\ld %[ att5tion to /rang]s1 x has be5 a ,madison cu/om to take !m into our cemet]y4 ,t grave y>d is well wor? %[+4 ,b 9 "t to come ,i tru/ we %all r exhibit our ,libr>ies1 & say2 ,^! are our jewels4 ,n tombs1 b liv+ %r9es t on ! liv+ /ill "w miracles1--! %r9es :]e all ! relics ( ! sa9ts full ( true virtue are pres]v$1 :]e ! dead live & ! dumb speak--! dead scept]$ sov]eigns :o /ill rule our spirits f _! urns4 ,?is sun ( our intellectual worlds is ,made por\s to receive ,& dr9k ! liquid light1 firm to reta9 ,its ga!r$ beams1 great palace n[ ( light1 ,hi!r z to a f\nta9 c\ntless />s ,repair+ 9 _! gold5 urns draw light4 ,let u rejoice 9 x all glori\s )91 ev5 z our ,capitol & ,univ]sity p>ks are )\t4 ,a libr>y1--! assembl$ s\ls ( all m5 deem mo/ wise1 ! only m5 :o speak l\d en\gh = po/]ity to he>2--rem9ds me ( t fresco by ,,raphael1 :i* ,i admir$ mo/ ( all 8 ,vatican ma/]pieces1 popul>ly /yl$ ,! ,s*ool ( ,a!ns1 & :i* ,i hope to see hung up z ! g5ius ( our libr>y hall1 z ,i h se5 x 9 _m4 ,9 "s "o ( ! fifty-two figures gl[+ ) life 9 t picture1 e v>iety ( culture has a repres5tative4 ,y see !re ! practical man1 l ,,frankl9',s ,poor ,ri*>d1 9 ,diog5es r\gh & ready by 8 tub4 ,ar*im$es is draw+ a diagram 9 ! s&4 ,on ! broad /eps ( a temple /& ,ptolemy1 ) ! t]re/rial & ,hipp>*us ) ! cele/ial globe4 ,no sage is )\t a docile ret9ue4 ,,socrates1 ) sly humor1 is humbl+ ! self-suffici5t ,,alcibiades t he may r\se him to l(ti] aspirations4 ,,py?agoras is writ+ among disciples1 "o ( :om holds 8 musical scale1 :ile above all1 & 9 ! mid/ ( ! temple1 appe> ,,ari/otle1 fa!r ( natural philosophy1 po9t+ d[n to ! e>?1 & ,,plato1 ! fa!r ( spiritual philosophy ) h& uplift$ t[>d heav51 man z x 7 feel+ = ,god4 ,! culture pr(f]$ 9 su* a ,s*ool ( ,a!ns1 z ,,raphael pa9t$--& z an ideal free libr>y is to my m9d1 has its fitte/ emblem 9 ! miracle ( ar*itecture1 ! dome1--:i* is well said to unite clu/]$ ar*es & pill>s & radiate 9 equal expansion t[>ds e qu>t] ( ! e>?1 :ile ) e conv]g5t curve x so>s heav5w>d1 buri$ 9 air1 & look+ to ! />s4 ,simple1 erect1 sev]e1 au/]e1 sublime4 ,,! ,,free ,,public ,,libr>y ,?is section1 devot$ to ! g5]al relations ( ! libr>y & society1 :i* op5$ ) a hi/orical acc\nt by ,pr(4 ,moses ,coit ,tyl]1 may appropriately close ) ano!r ( simil> t5or1 contribut$ elev5 ye>s lat] to ,! ,am]ican ,magaz9e ( ,civics 7,new ,york1 ,may1 #ahie7 by ,pr(4 ,h5ry ,h4 ,b>b]4 ,x cov]s "s ( ! same gr\nd b gives results to a lat] date1 :ile x is /ill only introductory to ! social developm5t ( m rec5t ye>s4 ,h5ry ,h]vey ,b>b] 0 born 9 ,w>wick1 ,mass41 ,dec4 #cj1 #ahce1 graduat$ at ,meadville ,!ological ,sem9>y 9 #ahfa & aft] hold+ sev]al ,unit>ian pa/orates 0 pr(essor ( philosophy & !ology !re f #ahhd to #aijd4 ,he 0 also editor ( ! ,unit>ian ,review f #ahge to #ahhd4 ,he di$ ab\t #aiae4 ,no public in/itution has made great] progress dur+ ! la/ few ye>s or gr[n m rapidly 9 public int]e/ & favor ?an ! free public libr>y4 ,! build+ ( a magnific5t /ructure 9 ,*icago1 toge!r ) ! excell5t ,newb]ry free ref]5ce libr>y1 & 9 coop]ation ) ! fa/ gr[+ libr>y ( ! ,*icago ,univ]sity1 w make p]haps ! mo/ sup]b public provision = free lit]>y culture ev] furni%$ by any municipality4 ,bo/on has lately transf]r$ its m ?an half a million volumes to ! new & noble public libr>y build+ on ! ,back ,bay4 ,! newspap]s ( ?is la/ week tell u t 9 ,new ,york ,mr4 ,tild5 is aft] all n to be f9ally c\nt$ out2 b t ! two millions rescu$ f 8 e/ate by ! high s5se ( honor ( "o ( 8 heirs is to be jo9$ ) ! invaluable ,a/or ,libr>y1 & ! *oice ,l5nox ,ref]5ce ,libr>y1 & all made free & available to ! public--a prop]ty valu$ 9 ! aggregate at eight million doll>s4 ,^! ev5ts1 toge!r ) ! rec5t f\nd+ ( ! ,c>negie free libr>ies 9 ,pittsburg & ,allegh5y1 ! n v remote e/abli%m5t ( ! ,eno* ,pratt ,free ,libr>y 9 ,baltimore1 & ! addition by ,mr4 ,h5ry ,c4 ,lea to ! spl5did ,ridgway f\ndation 9 ,philadelphia1 con/itute a s]ies ( brilliant triumphs = ! free public libr>y1 unp>allel$ 9 ! hi/ory ( educational in/itutions1 & seldom equall$1 ,i mu/ ?9k1 9 ! intellectual progress ( civilization4 ,nor d ^! metropolitan successes indicate1 aft] all1 ! mo/ ess5tial advance4 ,! frequ5cy ) :i* private b5efic5ce is com+ to ! aid ( public ent]prise 9 small] cities & c\ntry t[ns1 = ! e/abli%m5t & increase ( ^! libr>ies2 ! rec5t notable in/ances ( /imulative auxili>y legislation2 & ! gr[? ( intellig5t int]e/ 9 new & widely scatt]$ sections ( ! civiliz$ _w1 are equally significant1 & p]haps ev5 m widely b5efic5t4 ,x is ! era ( ! free public libr>y2 & x is ( special int]e/ to u to see t our community & our commonweal? are mov+ 9 accord ) ?is tide ( new feel+ & ent]prise conc]n+ x4 ,( special int]e/1 ,i say1 to u z ,p5nsylvanians2 = we are glad to rememb] t x is "h t ! fir/ impulse 0 giv5 to ! f\ndation ( ! sy/em ( circulat+ libr>ies1 ! developm5t ( :i* is ! free public libr>y 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica4 ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 aft] consid]able ef=t1 f\nd$ 9 #agcb ! ,philadelphia ,libr>y ,company1 ! "m1 z he himself calls x1 ( all ! subscription libr>ies 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,?is libr>y :i* ,frankl9 />t$ = ! advantage ( himself & 8 fifty "y bus9ess associates1 9 ! e>ly "t1 :51 z he says1 !re 0 n a good booksell]'s %op 9 any ( ! colonies to ! s\?w>d ( ,bo/on1 & :5 mo/ ( ! books _h to be import$ f ,engl&1 0 foll[$ soon by ! e/abli%m5t ( m ambiti\s simil> libr>ies 9 ,newport 7#agdg7 & ,h>t=d 7#aggd72 & lat] 9 _m o!r places 9 ,engl& & ?is c\ntry4 ,^! 7 call$ public libr>ies1 ?\gh books c\ld only be tak5 out by subscrib]s4 ,probably1 h[ev]1 z 9 ,philadelphia1 ! libr>ian c\ld p]mit any civil g5tlem5 to p]use ! books ( ! libr>y 9 ! libr>y room4 ,b x 0 9 ! =mation ( _m s-call$ ,social ,libr>ies 9 ! small] cities & c\ntry t[ns ( ,new ,engl& & ! ,middle ,/ates1 e>ly 9 ! pres5t c5tury1 t ! f\ndations ( ! free municipal libr>y 7 laid4 ,^! subscription libr>ies1 9 _! gr[? & 9 _! decay1 no less ?an 9 ! appetite = books !y develop$1 creat$ a dem& & at l5g? a necessity = public provision = :at _h come to be "o ( ! prime intellectual ne$s ( _m communities4 ,meantime 9 ,scotl&1 9 #ahaf1 ,samuel ,br[n ( ,hadd+ton1 foll[+ 9 "p ! me?ods ( ,london booksell]s1 e/abli%$ a sy/em ( free it9]at+ libr>ies1 loan+ )\t co/ selections ( fifty books 9 ea* package to villages & neighborhoods t w\ld engage to circulate & take prop] c>e ( !m4 ,at ! end ( two ye>s ea* loan 0 call$ 91 & ano!r ( diff]5t works s5t 9 its place4 ,?is s*eme 0 = _m ye>s highly successful1 & d\btless highly useful2 b seems to h fail$ soon aft] ! dea? ( its projector & inspir] 9 #ahci4 ,! sy/em _h ! e>ne/ sanction ( ,"l ,br\gham1 & ab\t #ahbe 0 tak5 up 9 "s p>ts ( ,engl&2 &1 9 a modifi$ =m1 has _h a great success 9 ,melb\rne & its neighborhood1 9 ,au/ralia4 ,/anley ,jevons1 ^: article on ! rationale ( free public libr>ies 9 8 ,me?ods ( ,social ,re=m is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ & valuable contributions to ! lit]ature ( ?is subject1 comm5ds x z ! be/ =m ( ext5d+ free public libr>ies 9 ! rural portions ( ,great ,brita91 & he e/imates t !re ought to be ?ree ?\s& su* lit]>y it9]ants 9 ,engl& & ,wales4 ,?is sy/em 0 copi$ 9 ?is c\ntry 9 ! ,s*ool ,di/rict ,libr>ies :i* 7 />t$ 9 ! /ate ( ,new ,york 9 #ahce1 & a few ye>s aft]w>d 7 9 successful op]ation 9 ,massa*usetts & o!r ,new ,engl& /ates1 & 9 ,mi*igan & ,ohio at lea/1 among /ates fur!r we/4 ,at fir/ e s*ool di/rict rais+ ?irty doll>s ! fir/ ye> & t5 doll>s !reaft]1 by tax or subscription1 0 assi/$ by ! /ate--,i cite ! ,massa*usetts /atute--to a l sum2 & a small b *oice selection ( books s5t to x = free circulation )9 ! di/rict4 ,a little lat] ,massa*usetts1 at lea/1 remov$ ?is condition2 & suppli$ e s*ool di/rict ) su* a libr>y4 ,^! libr>ies aft] rema9+ 9 use = a :ile1 & g5]ally be+ ?or\ghly read1 7 ex*ang$ among ! di/ricts4 ,new books 7 ?us cont9ually com+ to new read]s4 ,?is movem5t 0 e>ne/ly =w>d$ by t pione] among ,am]ican educators1 ,horace ,mann1 & dur+ ! p]iod ( my boyhood 0 a gods5d to ! "y p ( ,new ,engl&4 ,i want to bless ! memory ( ,samuel ,br[n1 ,fa!r ,page 7a pione] ( ! sy/em 9 ,new ,york71 & ,horace ,mann = ! gleams ( lit]>y light ?us ca/ across ! bookless d>kness ( ,new ,engl& rural homes =ty to fifty ye>s ago4 ,?is highly economical mission>y ag5cy ( g5]al intellig5ce pass$ away 9 ,new ,engl& ) ! incom+ ( ! m satisfactory t[n sy/em ( free libr>ies4 ,! cause ( its decad5ce else:]e is n cle>1 b x has lately _h a rem>kable resurrection 9 ,new ,york1 z we soon %all see4 ,! fir/ free t[n libr>y 9 ,am]ica1 or ! _w1 support$ by municipal taxation1 0 e/abli%$ by ! ef=ts ( ,abiel ,abbot1 ,d4,d41 9 ,pet]boro1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 9 #ahcc4 ,a decay$ social libr>y & an op]atives' libr>y1 & p]haps "s o!r small collections1 7 ?us ga!r$ "u ! %elt] ( ! t[n2 & took on new life f its fo/]+ c>e1 & ! small annual appropriation = new books :i* is ! brea? ( life to all libr>ies4 ,"h1 z always1 x 0 a man t inspir$ ! advance movem5t & c>ri$ x on to successful fulfilm5t4 ,9 #ahdi1 ,new ,hamp%ire pass$ a g5]al law enabl+ t[ns & cities to ma9ta9 free libr>ies by taxation2 & 9 #ahea ,massa*usetts1 :i* _h grant$ ,bo/on 9 #ahdg ! "r to e/abli% su* a libr>y1 pass$ a simil> g5]al enabl+ act4 ,sev]al o!r /ates foll[$ almo/ imm$iately1 & ne>ly e nor!rn & nor?we/]n /ate1 except ,p5nsylvania1 has s9ce adopt$ ! measure4 ,9 #ahic1 tw5ty /ates _h enact$ simil> /atutes2 &1 9 all1 m ?an sev5 hundr$ free libr>ies h be5 e/abli%$ "u !m4 ,!y h increas$--z might naturally h be5 expect$--mo/ rapidly 9 ! portions ( ! c\ntry :]e o!r libr>y ag5cies1 & :]e an effici5t public s*ool sy/em1 h be5 longe/ & mo/ effici5tly at "w4 ,?us1 ( ! sev5 hundr$ libr>ies1 m ?an ?ree hundr$ are 9 ,massa*usetts 7accord+ to ! returns ( ! ,public ,libr>y ,commission = #ahid71 or #a1bcc volumes = e ?\s& ( population2 9 ,new ,hamp%ire some?+ ov] "o hundr$ 79 #ahid71 or #dfd volumes p] ?\s& ( inhabitants4 ,great ,brita9 has kept ne>ly equal pace ) our =emo/ /ates 9 free libr>y legislation4 ,a g5]al enabl+ act to e/abli% & support free libr>ies = ! p f municipal rates 0 pass$ by ,p>liam5t 9 #ahej1 & accept$ ) great en]gy & en?usiasm by _m ( ! nor!rn t[ns & cities4 ,eighty-six free libr>ies1 n includ+ bran*es1 _h be5 op5$ be=e #ahhj2 b1 z 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! cons]vatism ( ! s\!rn portions ( ! c\ntry has prev5t$ _! g5]al e/abli%m5t4 ,= simil> reasons only ! prov9ce ( ,ont>io has made any consid]able movem5t 9 ?is direction 9 ! ,dom9ion ( ,canada4 ,?is ha/y hi/orical sket* w\ld be v incomplete )\t "s acc\nt ( ! rec5t legislation1 9 sev]al /ates1 = ! assi/ance ( ! small] t[ns & villages 9 ! e/abli%m5t & increase ( public libr>ies4 ,?is legislation has already _h m>vel\s results4 ,massa*usetts1 9 #ahij1 appropriat$ "o hundr$ doll>s to any t[n t w\ld raise by taxation1 or appropriate f ! dog tax1 or o!rwise raise1 at lea/ fifty doll>s 7or if its valuation 0 less ?an "o million doll>s x %\ld raise tw5ty-five doll>s1 or if less ?an #bej1jjj x %\ld raise at lea/ fifte5 doll>s72 & %\ld agree to take c>e ( ! books1 & furni% ! ag5cy ( di/ribution4 ,! sums grant$ by ! /ate are 9 ! h&s ( a bo>d ( commission]s appo9t$ by ! gov]nor 7) ! advice & cons5t ( ! c\ncil72 & s f> ^! commission]s--libr>ians & o!rs--h be5 em95t citiz5s1 s]v+ )\t sal>ies1 & hav+ only #ejj 9 _! h&s annually = cl]k hire & travel+ exp5ses4 ,! commission is also requir$ to give advice & in=mation to libr>ians & o!rs conc]n+ selection ( books1 catalogu+1 & adm9i/ration2 & to select & =w>d ! books grant$ by ! /ate4 ,n[ = results4 ,! commission has ?us aid$ 9 e/abli%+1 9 f\r ye>s1 m ?an sixty free public libr>ies 9 small t[ns 7out ( "o hundr$ & f\r n ?us suppli$7 & its action has %am$ a few l>g] t[ns into e/abli%+ !m2 s t n[ only two & ?ree f\r?s p] c5t ( ! population ( ! /ate1 9 =ty-f\r small t[ns1 7 9 ,janu>y1 #ahid1 )\t _! advantages4 ,& ?is has be5 accompli%$ ) an entire exp5se to ! commonweal? ( less ?an t5 ?\s& doll>s4 ,p] contra1 m ?an half a million doll>s 7 giv5 by individuals 9 a s+le ye> = simil> purposes )9 ! /ate4 ,c]ta9ly1 ?is has be5 a mo/ economical & effective public outlay2 free1 too1 f all suspicion ( any "o's fatt5+ by political jobb]y4 ,! record ( ,new ,hamp%ire is ev5 m rem>kable4 ,?is /ate pass$ a law 9 #ahia1 simil> to ! "o outl9$ above1 & ov] eighty t[ns accept$ its provisions1 & e/abli%$ free libr>ies )9 a twelvemon? aft] x came 9 =ce4 ,we are glad to read t ! /ates ( ,ma9e1 ,connecticut1 & ,p5nsylvania are mov+ 9 ! direction ( a measure t has prov$ s effective 9 its op]ation1 & t mu/ be s widely b5efic5t4 ,! /ate ( ,new ,york has adopt$ ano!r sy/em to /imulate ! developm5t ( ! free libr>y4 ,h] enabl+ act ( _m ye>s ago produc$1 z we h se51 comp>atively small results2 & 9 #ahib a law 0 pass$ au?oriz+ ! ,reg5ts ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,new ,york to l5d = a limit$ "t--usually six mon?s--selections ( books f ! duplicate dep>tm5t ( ! /ate libr>y1 or f books pur*as$ = ! purpose1 to any public libr>y 9 ! /ate2 or1 :]e none exi/s1 to tw5ty-five petition]s 9 any t[n or village ( ! /ate4 ,a fee ( five doll>s is requir$1 to cov] co/ ( transportation1 catalogue1 etc41 = a loan ( "o hundr$ volumes1 & a small] sum 7?ree doll>s7 = a loan ( fifty volumes4 ,?is plan1 x w be se51 is a revival ( ! old s*ool di/rict me?od2 & ( t in/itut$ by ,samuel ,br[n 9 ,scotl&1 & ! lat] "o f\nd successful 9 ,au/ralia4 ,! antipodes h a fa%ion lately ( sugge/+ valuable object-lessons = social legislation4 ,9 small communities x has ! advantage ( mak+ books d manifold duty1 & ( meet+ ! wants ( v>i$ communities & occupations4 ,by judici\s & v>i$ selection1 clubs1 classes1 s*ools1 & read+ circles may be aid$ 9 special c\rses & inve/igations4 ,at ! end ( tw5ty mon?s "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five ( ^! free loan libr>ies _h be5 s5t out by ! ,new ,york ,bo>d ( ,reg5ts2 ( :i* ne>ly "o half 7#dd7 w5t to communities )\t public libr>ies1 ! rema9d] go+ to libr>ies already e/abli%$ 7#bb71 to univ]sity ext5sion c5t]s 7#ah71 & to academy libr>ies op5 to ! public 7#bb74 ,elev5 ?\s& n9e hundr$ volumes 7 ?us made accessible to ! public1 ) a total circulation ( n f> f #be1jjj volumes & #i1jjj read]s4 ,?is sy/em1 :i* seems ev5 m economical ?an ! ,massa*usetts "o1 has greatly promot$ int]e/ 9 good read+1 & l$ to ! e/abli%m5t ( sev]al local public libr>ies4 ,! sy/em is v ela/ic & is easily adapt$ to ! rapidly gr[+ dem&s = its privileges4 ,z a pione] me?od1 or z auxili>y to municipal libr>ies1 x promises excell5t results4 ,aft] ?is hi/orical survey x w\ld h>dly seem necess>y to dwell ^u ! argum5ts 9 behalf ( ! free public libr>y4 ,!re is probably no mode ( exp5d+ public money1 says ,/anley ,jevons1 :i* gives a m extraord9>y & imm$iate return 9 utility & innoc5t enjoym5t4 ,he affirms t 9 ,man*e/]1 ,birm+ham1 ,liv]pool1 & "s o!r great t[ns 9 ,engl&1 z 9 simil> communities 9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e su* libr>ies h exi/$ = ye>s1 !re is b "o op9ion ab\t !m4 ,!y are class$ ) t[n-halls1 police c\rts1 prisons1 & poorh\ses z necess>y adjuncts ( our /age ( civilization4 ,a m natural1 & c]ta9ly m *e]ful1 collocation w\ld class !m ) free s*ools1 museums1 & public p>ks1 z ,jevons himself aft]w>ds sugge/s4 ,! ma9 raison d'etre ( free public libr>ies1 z inde$ ( public museums1 art gall]ies1 p>ks1 halls1 public clocks1 & _m o!r k9ds ( public works1 is ! enorm\s increase ( utility :i* is !reby acquir$ = ! community at a trifl+ co/4 ,he proce$s to illu/rate by sev]al in/ances :at he calls ! rem>kable multiplication ( utility 9 ! case ( free l5d+ libr>ies by sev]al in/ances4 ,e book1 9 ! fir/ ye> ( ! ,birm+ham ,free ,libr>y1 0 issu$ on an av]age sev5te5 times1 & ! p]iodical lit]ature turn$ ov] fifty times4 ,9 ,le$s1 e book 0 us$ eighte5 times4 ,9 l>g] libr>ies & 9 lat] use1 ( c\rse1 ! figures are less1 av]ag+ f ?ree to t5 times1 ! :ole co/ ( ea* issue av]ag+ only f two to five c5ts4 ,simil> /ati/ics may be f\nd 9 ! ,=um article already ref]r$ to 9 reg>d to ! manifold use ( books furni%$ 9 ,new ,york4 ,! com=t & moral economy ( a *e]ful1 well-light$ read+-room1 too1 is ov]:elm+ly illu/rat$4 ,mr4 ,jevons f\nd t 9 ,man*e/] all p]sons ( suitable age visit$ ! free libr>ies on an av]age ?irte5 times a ye>1 ( :om ?ree f\r?s came to read 9 ! read+-rooms4 ,su* a refuge f ! p]ils ( ! saloon & ! /reet is an imm5se b5efaction 9 any neighborhood4 ,! relative *eapness ( secur+ ?is means ( g5]al culture & enjoym5t1 ?is effici5t antidote to vice & ignorance1 is /rik+ly %[n by comp>+ its co/ ) o!r items ( gov]nm5tal exp5diture1 & ! /ati/ics ( national luxuries & vices4 ,! eighty-six free libr>ies 9 ! l>ge cities ( ,great ,brita9 co/ n m ?an half a million doll>s p] ye>--"o fif? ! co/ ( a fir/ class ironclad4 ,! /ati/ics ,i h giv5 %[ t ! co/ ( ! two w> vessels j vot$ by ,congress might be abundantly suffici5t to insure ! organization on ! ,massa*usetts plan ( a free libr>y 9 e village & c\ntry t[n ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 n n[ accessible to su* a libr>y4 ,! exp5diture = dr9k1 = horse-rac+1 or ev5 = tobacco1 = a s+le ye>1 w\ld royally equip & end[ a public libr>y = e ?\s& p n[ )\t su* privileges4 ,z po/-(fice sav+s banks are1 :]ev] e/abli%$1 a mighty eng9e = tea*+ ?rift1 z public p>ks are an incalculable s\rce ( heal? & enjoym5t 9 our cities1 s ! public libr>y1 ! free lit]>y p>k1 z ,jevons calls x1 is a mo/ effective ag5cy = ! promotion ( culture & civilization4 ,9 ! ye> #ahea1 ,george ,ticknor1 ! di/+ui%$ au?or ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,spani% ,lit]ature & a b5efactor ( ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y1 wrote to ,edw>d ,ev]ett3 ,i w\ld e/abli% a libr>y :i* diff]s f all free libr>ies yet attempt$2 ,i mean "o 9 :i* any popul> books t5d+ to moral & intellectual improvem5t %all be furni%$ 9 su* numb]s t _m p]sons c be read+ ! same book at ! same "t2 9 %ort1 t n only ! be/ books ( all sorts1 b ! pleasant lit]ature ( ! day1 %all be made accessible to ! :ole p :5 !y mo/ c>e = x--t is1 :5 x is fre% & new4 ,i w\ld ?us by foll[+ ! popul> ta/e--unless x %\ld dem& some?+ injuri\s--create a real appetite = heal?y read+4 ,?is appetite once =m$ w take c>e ( itself4 ,x w 9 a great majority ( cases dem& bett] & bett] books4 ,mr4 ,ev]ett's cons]vatism d\bt$ ! wisdom ( ^! pr9ciples = ! f\ndation ( a libr>y3 b !y are ess5tially ^? :i* h prov$ s\nd 9 ! free libr>y sy/em ( ,engl& & ,new ,engl&1 ( ,au/ralia & ! ,nor?we/]n cities4 ,9 ! light ( fifty ye>s' exp]i5ce1 inde$1 ,ev]ett's skepticism reads l ,gov]nor ,b]keley's report on education 9 ,virg9ia1 9 :i* he ?ank$ ,god t !re 7 no free s*ools 9 ,virg9ia & hop$ t !re w\ld be none = a hundr$ ye>s4 ,! communities 9 :i* libr>ies1 approa*+ ,george ,ticknor's ideal1 h be5 longe/ e/abli%$1 w\ld d )\t pav$ /reets or electric lights soon] ?an )\t ^! libr>ies1 & !y support !m by taxation z *e]fully z ! public s*ools4 ,inde$1 ! free libr>y 9 n a few communities is reckon$ an invaluable & indisp5sable adjunct ( ! public s*ool1 ! v cr[n ( ! sy/em ( popul> education4 ,su* libr>ians z ,gre5 ( ,worce/]1 ,massa*usetts1 & ,:itney ( ,wat]t[n1 & ,hosm] ( ,m9neapolis1 keep 9 t\* ) ! "w ( ! s*ools1 & apprize ! v>i\s classes ( pupils ( new books especially valuable = _! "w4 ,m ?an ?is1 !y h reg>d to ! ne$s ( ! v>i\s clubs1 trades1 & pr(essions1 & keep _! memb]s aw>e ( valuable books 9 _! special dep>tm5ts4 ,b p]haps ! mo/ helpful s]vice ( all is r5d]$ by capable libr>ians 9 ! con/ant advice giv5 to inexp]i5c$ read]s1 & ! frequ5t bullet9s s5t out to /imulate ! int]e/ & in/ruct ! intellig5ce ( ! community4 ,x is ( special int]e/ to note t ! dem& = good read+ has be5 greatly increas$ :]ev] ! public libr>y has be5 adm9i/]$ 9 ?is way4 ,inde$1 booksell]s & propriet>y libr>ies h come to favor ! op5+ ( ! free libr>y z l>gely increas+ ! dem& = _! books4 ,x is n /range t ) ?is l>ge & v>i\s capacity ( social s]vice1 ! free libr>y %\ld be rapidly gr[+ 9 public favor2 nor t private munific5ce %\ld frequ5tly come to ! municipal provision4 ,!re is no public object = :i* s g5]\s gifts are (t5 made4 ,9 ! ye> #ahic1 = in/ance1 five hundr$ ?\s& doll>s 7 contribut$ to public libr>ies & ! erection ( libr>y build+s 9 ,massa*usetts alone4 ,!re has be5 ready p]ception1 says ,flet*] 9 8 ,public ,libr>ies 9 ,am]ica1 ( ! tru? t "o's memory _c bett] be p]petuat$ ?an by association ) an in/itution s popul> & at ! same "t s elevat+ & ref9+ z ! public libr>y4 ,memorial libr>ies are !re=e v abundant1 & z exp5se has n be5 sp>$ 9 ! erection ( su* memorials1 _m ( our t[ns1 ev5 ! small] ones1 are ornam5t$ by libr>y build+s :i* are gems ( ar*itecture4444 ,! fact rema9s1 ) all its significance1 t ab\t ! public libr>y clu/] naturally ! affections & ! int]e/ ( ! community4 ,9 its end[m5t1 on ! "o h& by private b5efic5ce1 & on ! o!r by public taxation1 is illu/rat$ t collaboration ( ! ri* & ! poor 9 ! pursuit ( ! highe/ ends :i* has 9 x ! promise1 & p]haps ! pot5cy1 ( ! solution ( vex+ social que/ions4 ,! remembrance t ^! /atem5ts are only locally accept$1 & t l>ge portions ( ,engl& & ! ,unit$ ,/ates h h>dly mov$ t[>d ! e/abli%m5t ( public libr>ies1 may prompt a consid]ation ( c]ta9 objections :i* are /ill sometimes urg$4 ,civilization accepts its mo/ b5ignant & effective ag5cies ( progress only "u prote/2 & x is n1 !re=e1 :olly inexplicable t fifty ye>s ( unmix$ & increas+ success %\ld h left "s excell5t & o!rwise intellig5t p unconv9c$ ( ! b5efic5ce ( ! free public libr>y4 ,a fri5d ( m9e 0 en?usia/ically sett+ =? ! advantages ( su* libr>ies1 & _! rapid multiplication & gr[+ s]vice 9 ,new ,engl&1 at ! d9n] table ( "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$1 philosophic1 & progressive ( contempor>y ,engli%m52 & 0 n a little surpris$ to be cut %ort ) ! decid$ comm5t1 ,i d n believe 9 x4 ,! ,engli%man's fa/idi\s pref]5ce = high f5ces & comp>tm5t railway c>riages p]vades all 8 intellectual conceptions also2 & makes him imp]vi\s ev5 to ,/anley ,jevons's ov]:elm+ demon/ration ( ! moral1 social1 & economic utility ( ! free public libr>y2 imp]vi\s ev5 to ! appeal t ignorance & n>r[ intellectual opportunity mu/ be suppos$ to make ^u enlight5$ philan?ropy4 ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] & ! individuali/s oppose to ! public libr>y1 support$ by taxation1 _! wellworn declamation ab\t ! inju/ice ( mak+ "o man pay = ano!r man's culture & amusem5t2 & urge ! dictum ( laissez faire 9 civilization & gov]nm5t4 ,b z ! po/-(fice & ! public s*ool h surviv$ _! onslaughts we may n feel compell$ to surr5d] ! advantages ( ! free libr>y4 ,=1 z ) ! s*ool1 x is easy to %[ t m5tal heal? & light are z prim>y int]e/s ( ! community z mat]ial2 & t x is precisely because ^? mo/ defici5t are lea/ s5sible ( _! defect t society mu/ seek to rem$y x4 ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s analogy betwe5 hung] = food & hung] = k is utt]ly fallaci\s4 ,! physical appetite may be tru/$ to seek vigor\sly its own supply2 ! intellectual appetite has mo/ to be ar\s$ :]e intellectual />vation is mo/ imm95t2 & x gr[s only by :at x fe$s on4 ,m5 usually value mo/1 inde$1 :at !y "w or pay =2 b x is precisely ^? :o d n value good books at all :o ne$ to be tempt$ & tra9$ to _! appreciation4 ,& x is j ! *ildr5 ( ^? ^: p>5ts w n1 or _c1 provide !m :olesome read+1 t society _c af=d to let g :olly unprovid$4 ,! smalle/ fee "h proves an effective b>1 z ! exp]i5ce ( all subscription libr>ies proves4 ,:5 ! ,spr+field 7,mass47 libr>y 0 made free1 its circulation 0 trebl$ ! fir/ ye>--?\gh ! fee _h be5 only "o doll>--& 9 a few ye>s rose six or sev5 fold4 ,! ,m]cantile ,libr>y ( ,peoria1 ,ill41 says ,mr4 ,crund51 turn$ ov] to ! city & made free1 notes an increase 9 t5 ye>s1 ( memb]s f two hundr$ & sev5ty-five to f\r ?\s& five hundr$1 & ( issues f fifte5 ?\s& to n9ety ?\s&4 ,s always4 ,if ! doll> fee 7 remov$ f ! circulation ( ! books ( our ,meadville ,city ,libr>y1 = in/ance1 )9 five ye>s !y w\ld g into fifte5 hundr$ families in/ead ( less ?an ?ree hundr$1 z n[2 & ! add$ twelve hundr$ families w\ld be ! v ones :]e ! books w\ld be ( highe/ s]vice4 ,&1 p]haps1 m b5efic5t /ill w\ld be ! influ5ce ^u ! va/ly l>g] numb] :o w\ld frequ5t ! libr>y1 & gr[ intellig5t ?r\gh ! multipli$ use ( its read+ facilities1 & ! help ( its valuable ref]5ce dep>tm5t4 ,! reaction ^u ! g5]al intellig5ce ( ! community w\ld make itself felt 9 ! increas+ intellig5ce ( its work+ m5 & ! high] /&>d ( life ?is w\ld br+ among !m4 ,9 %ort1 x w\ld insure economic progress4 ,besides ! economic advantages1 & mu* m important1 ! influ5ce ( a well-furni%$ free libr>y w\ld tell 9 ! tra9+ ( citiz5s4 ,! discussion ( economic & social que/ions1 eag] & (t5 bitt] z x is1 w\ld become less crude & p>tisan 9 ! k ( ! be/ books & magaz9e articles ^u ! topics involv$4 ,! read+ ( hi/ory1 biography1 & travels w\ld ex]t a broad5+1 enlight5+1 & (t5 inspir+ influ5ce4 ,to make :olesome lit]ature m accessible ?an dime novels w\ld save _m boys & girls f ru91 r\se _m dormant intellects to high] life1 & supply effective rivals to ! saloons & o!r l[ resorts4 ,philan?ropy & religion alike dem& ! wide op5+ ( su* an effectual door to ! opportunities ( ! high] life4 ,x is sometimes object$ t ! records ( all public libr>ies %[ t ! lighte/ lit]ature is mo/ read1 t fiction con/itutes "o half or ?ree f\r?s ( ! books circulat$4 ,b besides ! obvi\s consid]ation t only :olesome fiction f9ds place 9 all well-appo9t$ public libr>ies1 ,horace ,greeley's view has mu* to comm5d x1 viz43 t all pure read+1 h[ev] light1 t5ds to develop a ta/e = m vigor\s & in/ructive lit]ature4 ,besides1 x may well be urg$ t fiction is n only ! curr5t =m ( lit]>y art1 b also ! effective vehicle ( curr5t social !ories1 philan?ropies1 & re=ms2 & t mu* ( ! mo/ e>ne/ ?9k+ & s]i\s moral purpose ( ?is age is embodi$ 9 x4 ,"u su* intellig5t & c>eful selection z ! public op9ion ( ! community may provide =1 ! public libr>y w furni% a heal?ful sub/itute & corrective = ! unappo9t$ & vagrant read+ ( t l>ge section ( "y p mo/ 9 ne$ ( guidance4 ,i h left myself b a mom5t to sugge/ "o or two practical que/ions t may ne$ consid]ation 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( a new sy/em ( free public libr>ies 9 communities or a commonweal?4 ,next to ?or\gh discussion ( _! prov$ b5efic5ce1 an effici5t enabl+ act is c]ta9ly ! fir/ desid]atum1 9 any /ate /ill )\t x1 s t t[ns & cities may tax !mselves = ?is purpose4 ,& x is mo/ important t ?is act be n s n>r[ly limit$ t communities %all be unable to attempt any?+ wor? :ile4 ,bett] wait five ye>s1 or t5 ye>s1 m = ! /atute t w enable our communities to put !mselves 9 l9e ) ! mo/ advanc$ 9 ! c\ntry 9 ?is respect1 ?an to enact a />vel+ & ineffective /atute t %all ,keep ! ^w ( promise 9 our e>1 ,& break x to our hope1 z has already sometimes happ5$4 ,! public appropriation is s limit$ by p5ny-wise legislation 9 a numb] ( /ates z to disc\rage all action1 & kill all int]e/ 9 ! matt]4 ,9 ! same way1 x is to be hop$ t ^! /ates w accompany _! enabl+ acts by auxili>y legislation simil> to t 9 ,massa*usetts & ,new ,hamp%ire2 or1 p]haps /ill bett]1 patt]n$ ^u t ( ,new ,york4 ,x is difficult to decide ^u ! comp>ative advantages ( ^! two sy/ems4 ,t ( ,massa*usetts seems to me bett] = p]man5t results2 b t ( ,new ,york seems likely to be m imm$iately effective 9 /irr+ ! sluggi% int]e/ ( indiff]5t communities4 ,bo? are wond]fully economical 9 money1 & bo? h great effectiv5ess :5 work$ by ! intellig5t int]e/ ( ev5 a few en?usia/ic fri5ds ( ! free libr>y movem5t 9 any community4 ,x w\ld seem t ev5 a gov]nor :o ?9ks five million p _c af=d #be1jjj = ! ,birds ( ,p5nsylvania might cons5t to sp5d a fif? ( t sum p] ye> to beg9 a "w t w\ld n end1 if once well begun1 )\t putt+ a new & mo/ effective ag5cy ( social culture & ev5 economic progress )9 ! rea* ( e boy & girl 9 ! /ate4 ,! ma*9]y ?r\gh :i* to plan & beg9 ?is great & hopeful exp]im5t %\ld be c>efully consid]$4 ,massa*usetts's unsal>i$ commission ( em95t citiz5s1 ,new ,york's ,bo>d ( ,univ]sity ,reg5ts1 alike insure t 9 ^? commonweal?s ! "w w be c>ri$ on "u ! mo/ hopeful & effici5t conditions4 ,"s su* unp>tisan & public-spirit$ ag5cy is absolutely dem&$ = ! success ( ! movem5t 9 a /ate t has to beg9 x de novo2 & ! p]sonnel ( ! ag5cy is ! mo/ important po9t 9 any legislation initiat+ x4 ,!re is also a diff]5ce ( op9ion z to :e!r s*ool bo>ds1 or bo>ds specially con/itut$ = ! purpose1 %\ld h *>ge ( public libr>ies4 ,my op9ion is decid$ly 9 favor ( ! latt]2 = :ile s*ool bo>ds w\ld br+ ! libr>y1 z is mo/ desirable1 into clos] relation ) ! public s*ools1 an indep5d5t bo>d1 *os51 p]haps1 by ! s*ool bo>d 9 connection ) ! city c\ncil1 z sometimes 9 ,massa*usetts1 w\ld be likely to br+ m ability1 indep5d5ce1 & c>eful consid]ation to ! affairs ( ! libr>y1 & to sep>ate x m completely f injuri\s p>tisan & p]sonal politics4 ,,! ,,community',s ,,s]vice ,,to ,,! ,,libr>y ,! ,public ,libr>y1 l ! ,public ,s*ool1 is ! creature ( ! community1 :i* owes x provision = keep+ x 9 condition to r5d] ! s]vice = :i* x 0 creat$4 ,?is duty ( c\rse1 includes adequate f9ancial support b does n end "h4 ,among ! mo/ important adjuncts to su* support are ! aid t c be giv5 by enlight5$ public op9ion & by organiz$ gr\ps 9 ! ma9t5ance ( lib]al & helpful policies1 & ! appo9tm5t ( a gov]n+ bo>d equally consci\s ( its responsibilities & its limitations4 ,,! ,,relation ,,( ,,! ,,/ate ,,to ,,! ,,public ,,libr>y ,?is /atem5t ( fir/ pr9ciples 0 made by ,melvil ,dewey at ! ,second ,int]national ,libr>y ,conf]5ce1 held 9 ,london1 ,july #ac-af1 #ahig1 & is repr9t$ f ! ,transactions & ,proce$+s ( ! ,conf]5ce 7,london1 #ahih74 ,9 read+ ?is address1 x mu/ be kept 9 m9d t x 0 made to ,engli%m51 ^: conception ( ! functions ( a public libr>y 7 !n1 z n[1 mu* m cons]vative ?an ours4 ,a sket* ( ,dr4 ,dewey w be f\nd 9 ,vol4 ,i4 ( ?is s]ies4 ,we h be5 li/5+ to an admirable acc\nt ( ! developm5t ( ! libr>y movem5t f e>lie/ times to ! pres5t day1 & ,i v5ture to believe t :5 ! hi/ory ( ! age 9 :i* we live is writt51 & is look$ back ^u by ^? :o %all come aft]1 x w be kn[n di/9ctively z ! ,libr>y ,age4 ,libr>ies ( "o sort or ano!r h exi/$ f ! beg9n+ ( human hi/ory1 & we are n[ well into ! fif? c5tury s9ce ! inv5tion ( pr9t+2 s t x w\ld seem z if !re _h be5 abundant "t = libr>y developm5t4 ,b s great an in/itution z ! mod]n libr>y is ( sl[ gr[?4 ,x has tak5 a ?\s& ye>s to develop our s*ool sy/em f univ]sity d[n to k9d]g>t54 ,! public libr>y is mu* m rapidly go+ ?r\gh correspond+ /ages 9 ord] to come to its own4 ,! orig9al libr>y 0 a res]voir1 gett+ 9 & keep+ safely1 a /oreh\se = po/]ity4 ,t 0 & is a great function1 = :i* ,i h pr(\nd respect4 ,!n1 aft] _m c5turies1 came ano!r libr>y epo*1 = :i* we all feel /ill great] respect4 ,! ci/]n 0 made a f\nta92 giv+ out 0 se5 to be m important ?an gett+ 94 ,! libr>y is no long] m]ely a passive receptacle1 b becomes an aggressive educational =ce 9 e community4 ,! res]voir w n become a /agnant pool1 =1 9 its bran*es & deliv]ies1 ! public libr>y has ma9s & pipes laid ?r\gh e /reet1 & rea*+ almo/ to ! door ( e h\sehold]4 ,& we live n[ n 9 ! age ( ! res]voir1 b 9 ! age ( ! f\nta94 ,9 our zeal & admiration1 h[ev]1 we are apt to =get t !re is yet ano!r & ev5 m important /age to rea*4 ,9 my own city1 "s "t ago1 we sp5t half a million doll>s 9 provid+ an ample supply ( wat]4 ,b we f\nd t we _h really op5$ conv5i5t communication ) ! cemet]y by wat]1 = ! quality ( ! new & abundant bev]age 0 su* t our dea?-rate /eadily rose4 ,! burn+ "q became qualitative1 n quantitative1 & we are n[ sp5d+ our money on effici5t filtration4 ,( c\rse no libr>y int5ds to circulate injuri\s books1 b equally no t[n int5ds to di/ribute h>mful wat]4 ,we are conc]n$ m ) ! results ?an ) ! int5tion4 ,! mortality tables make pla9 ! physical defect1 b alas6 sci5ce has z yet devis$ no in/rum5ts delicate en\gh to record ! great] dang] to ! individual & ! ,/ate f poison 9 ! great curr5t1 :i* has come to be a mighty flood1 ( mod]n read+ matt]4 ,! mo/ hopeful1 & p]haps ! only practicable1 me?od ( gu>d+ aga9/ ?is s]i\s dang] is ?r\gh ! public libr>y1 :i* mu/ n[ 9 ! la/ days ( ?is ev5tful c5tury recognise ! gravity ( ! new responsibility :i* x _c %irk4 ,be=e ano!r audi5ce ,i might dwell at l5g? on :at ?is problem ( selection means1 b ! repres5tative libr>ians ( ! _w w und]/& my claim t1 wond]ful z 0 ! developm5t f ! ci/]n to ! f\nta91 its importance is ov]%ad[$ by ?is great "q ( exclud+ ! p]nici\s1 :i* ,i sum up 9 ! ^w filtration4 ,?is is ! great problem ( ! mod]n libr>y1 & its solution mu/ dep5d l>gely on ! ,/ate4 ,x is (t5 said t ! mod]n p]iodicals & newspap]s are our greate/ dang]2 b ?is1 ( c\rse1 is true only ( ! s5sational & o!r objectionable types4 ,i yield to none 9 my high appreciation ( :at ! be/ k9d ( newspap] may d 9 its capacity z ! /ronge/ ally ( ! public libr>y & ( ! public s*ool4 ,i am confid5t t e>ly 9 ! next c5tury su* j\rnals w be recognis$ z a di/9ct "p ( our educational ma*9]y1 b ,i am equally cle> t ! wor/ j\rnals1 conduct$ m]ely z money-mak+ ent]prises1 & cat]+ to ! wor/ in/ead ( to ! be/ elem5ts ( bo? society & individuals1 are ! mo/ pot5t factors = evil1 & ! greate/ enemy :i* ! ideal libr>ian has to combat 9 c>ry+ =w>d 8 be/ "w4 ,!y leave _! habitual read]s ) nei!r "t nor ta/e = any?+ above _! own l[ plane4 ,! m9d w inevitably rise or fall to ! level ( its habitual read+1 & we apo/les & mission>ies ( ! book h no m di%e>t5+ outlook ?an on ! read]s ^: lit]>y atmosph]e is limit$ to ! mod]n s5sational newspap]s4 ,b ! apologi/s = su* read+ say t ! hi/ory ( _! own times is ( m importance to !m ?an any o!r hi/ory2 %\ld !y n1 !re=e1 become z famili> z possible ) x8 ,b :5 a man1 on acc\nt ( pressure ( bus9ess1 nev] looks inside any good book1 yet has "t to read ev]y?+ 9 ! newspap]s1 he is--well1 specialis+ too mu* 9 hi/ory4 ,h[ _m m5 & wom5 !re are1 :o1 f ye>'s end to ye>'s end1 read no?+ b ! s-call$ hi/ory ( _! own times1 & :o c tell y no?+ bett] ?an :i* dog won ! la/ fight6 ,x is a good ?+ to "k ! hi/ory ( our own times2 s is a p9* ( salt a good ?+ on "o's breakfa/ potato1 b x is n necess>y to dr9k a b>rel ( sea wat] ea* morn+ 9 ord] to get x4 ,x is highly desirable t ,i %\ld "k ! geology & topography ( my own ,/ate1 b ,i c le>n all t is wor? kn[+ )\t creep+ on h&s & knees ) nose close to ! gr\nd ov] ! b>ny>ds & dump heaps ( our commonweal?1 "u ! va9 delusion t ,i am exhau/ively /udy+ its geology4 ,we mu/ jo9 ?is battle squ>ely4 ,! et]nal conflict ( good & ! be/ ) bad & ! wor/ is on4 ,! libr>ian mu/ be ! libr>ian militant be=e he c be ! libr>ian triumphant4 ,at ! end ( ano!r c5tury1 :5 a conf]5ce l ?is is held1 our desc5dants w look back ) wond] to f9d t we h s long be5 satisfi$ to leave ! control ( ! all-p]vad+1 all-influ5c+ newspap] 9 ! h&s ( p :o h beh9d !m no motive bett] ?an ! almighty doll>4 ,! solution ( our difficulties lies 9 recognition by ! ,/ate t public libr>ies are n only good ?+s1 b t !y are an absolutely necess>y "p ( our educational sy/em4 ,we />t$ ) ! univ]sity1 b f\nd t we _h to put "u x ! college4 ,!n we w5t a /ep fur!r1 & _h ! academy & high s*ool to prep>e = ! college2 ! prim>y & gramm> s*ools to prep>e = ! high s*ool2 & n[ we h ! k9d]g>t5 "u ! prim>y s*ool4 ,i am n giv+ a *ronology1 b simply po9t+ out t dur+ ^! c5turies educators h con/antly be5 fac+ ! "q ( adequate provision = meet+ completely ! public wants4 ,we h at la/ rea*$ /ep by /ep f ! univ]sity to ! nurs]y1 & h provid$ a s]ies ( s*ools cov]+ ! entire field4 ,yet1 ) all ?is1 we h n atta9$ ! full sy/em ( education t we ought to atta91 & e ?\ghtful p]son is n[ ask+1 ,:at next8 ,huxley has well said t a sy/em ( education :i* 9 ! e>ly ye>s tra9s boys & girls to read & !n makes no provision = :at !y %all read dur+ all ! re/ ( _! lives1 w\ld be z s5seless z to tea* our *ildr5 ! exp]t use ( ! knife1 =k1 & spoon1 & !n make no provision = _! daily food4 ,! :ole hi/ory ( education has be5 a s]ies ( broad5+ conceptions4 ,i c recall no case 9 :i* ! ideal has n>r[$1 b /ep by /ep we h come to a g5]al recognition t education is = poor z well z ri*1 = plebeian z well z pr9ce1 = black & :ite1 = native & =eign]1 = brilliant or backw>d1 = wom5 z well z m51 = deaf1 dumb1 & bl9d1 & all defectives & del9qu5ts1 :o 9 ! old conception 7 left )\t ! pale4 ,x is almo/ )9 our memory t we h come to sub/antial agreem5t t ! ,/ate owes an elem5t>y education to e boy & girl born )9 its limits1 n alone z a "r to ! *ild1 b z a matt] ( safety & practical wisdom on ! "p ( ! ,/ate2 & ?is broad] conception is foll[$ closely by a second & /ill broad] "o1 t e boy & girl is entitl$ n only to an elem5t>y1 b to some?+ also ( high] education4 ,i h met no compet5t /ud5t ( ?is subject :o d>es d5y t h]eaft] ! ,/ate mu/ recognize t education is n alone = ! "y1 = limit$ c\rses1 9 s*ools :i* take all ! "t ( _! pupils1 b t x mu/ reg>d adults z well2 & n alone = %ort c\rses1 b all ?r\gh life--n 9 our recognis$ tea*+ in/itutions alone1 b 9 t /udy outside ( (fice or work+ h\rs t may be c>ri$ on at home4 ,i may sum x up 9 ! "o s5t5ce1 ,high] education1 = adults1 at home1 ?r\gh life4 ,9 ?is home education1 :i* mu/ h]eaft] be recognis$ side by side ) s*ool education1 ! libr>y is ! great c5tral ag5t r\nd :i* /udy clubs1 read+ circles1 ext5sion tea*+1 museums1 & ! o!r alli$ ag5cies mu/ clu/]4 ,a /atesman solicit\s = ! future welf>e ( 8 c\ntry w f9d 8 mo/ fruitful field 9 protect+ & guid+ ! read+ ( ! p4 ,x is :at a man reads t %apes 8 future1 :i* dep5ds1 n at once ^u ! ro/rum & ! pulpit1 b on ! book & ! newspap]4 ,9 education we recognise t ! supreme end is ! build+ ( "*1 b _m ( u h nev] ?\ght cle>ly h[ directly ?is "*-build+ re/s ^u ! public libr>y4 ,x is read+ t begets reflection1 reflection begets motive1 motive begets action1 & action begets habit1 & habit begets "*2 & :o "h d>es "q ?is1 t x is n ! air nor ! wat]1 nor yet ! roa/ beef ( ,old ,engl&1 n its hi/ory nor traditions nor laws nor geographic location1 b "*1 t has made ! ,anglo-,saxons1 ,engl& & h] daught]s across ! seas1 ! mo/ wond]ful p ( ! e>?4 ,x is n brawn1 b bra94 ,! dogs & horses might h ! physical qualities1 b x is ! m9d & s\l1 & ^? elem5ts ( true greatness :i* c be/ be in/ill$ into a p ?r\gh ! read+ ( good & great books1 t h made a race ( :i* we are ju/ly all s pr\d4 ,"o ( ! wise/ ( ,fr5*m5 said ( ! ,franco-,prussian ,w>1 :5 ! ne$le-gun 0 sugge/$ z ! explanation ( ,g]man victory1 ,no2 x 0 n ! ne$le-gun1 nor ! ,g]man soldi] :o held x1 nor yet ! ,g]man s*oolma/] :o tra9$ ! soldi]1 b x 0 ! ,g]man univ]sity t made ! s*oolma/]4 ,k is p[]1 & x is k t has made ,engl& & ,am]ica great4 ,?9k ( ! m5 :o read ! poore/ newspap]s1 b "k no?+ ( our be/ books4 ,c ! ,/ate af=d to make o!r ?+s free1 & n make free true & useful k z pres]v$ 9 books8 ,c ! ,/ate recognize ! necessity = free s*ools1 & fail to provide free access to ! be/ read+ 9 all realms ( k8 ,free z air1 0 ! old-"t /ronge/ expression4 ,!n m5 le>n$ h[ absolutely ess5tial to physical well-be+ 0 abundance ( wat]1 & our language records 9 its fav\rite expression1 free z wat]1 ! mean+ ( ! untold millions t civilization has sp5t to supply all p freely ) ?is ess5tial4 ,we are le>n+ ! great] lesson ab\t ! necessity ( free k m sl[ly1 because intellectual & spiritual ?+s are n s readily disc]n$ by our mortal eyes1 & x takes m "t to read ev5 ^? messages t ,god has writt5 v l>ge = ^? :o h eyes to see2 b ! "t is n f> di/ant1 m>k my words1 :5 our spee* w aga9 record ! g5]al acceptance ( a great tru? 9 ! common phrase1 z free z k4 ,we %\ld make ! public und]/& ! relation ( ! s*ool sy/em to ! libr>y sy/em2 t ! libr>y is n m]ely a collection ( books1 or a /oreh\se1 b an aggressive & active s\rce ( education1 side by side ) ! free s*ools4 ,if ! issue came--b1 ?ank ,god1 x nev] w--betwe5 giv+ up ei!r ! libr>y or ! free s*ool1 ,i am n sure t ,i w\ld n *oose = ! welf>e ( ! c\ntry ! public libr>y r ?an ! s*ool4 ,?is may s\nd /range f "o :o has giv5 8 life to education1 b ,i believe t ev5 )\t our s*ools ne>ly e boy & girl w\ld someh[ le>n to read2 & :5 ,i sob]ly consid] ! influ5ce on lives & *>act]s & on ! ,/ate1 x seems probable t1 inf9itely valuable z is ! "w ( our free s*ools1 x w\ld be exce$$ by :at c\ld be done by a sy/em ( free public libr>ies1 rea*+ e boy & girl & man & woman 9 ! community1 & s adm9i/]$ z to provide ea* freely f *ildhood to ! grave ) ! be/ read+ 9 e field ( int]e/ & activity4 ,! ,/ate1 :atev] x may or may n d1 %\ld recognise ! libr>y z be+ z ess5tial to public welf>e z is ! s*ool1 & x %\ld give x z c>eful protection f dang]s )\t & )9 z x gives to in/itutions l banks & insurance companies4 ,! ,/ate %\ld protect ! libr>y aga9/ unju/ laws1 improp] int]f]5ce1 or p]nici\s influ5ce ( any k9d f )\t4 ,x %\ld gu>d x also aga9/ misconduct1 incapacity1 or neglect on ! "p ( its tru/ees1 (fic]s1 or employees4 ,beside ! direct appropriations = its support1 x %\ld grant ! mo/ lib]al p[]s = hold+ prop]ty giv5 by individuals = ! public b5efit1 &1 above all1 %\ld grant entire exemption f taxation4 ,to tax a free public libr>y = do+ its b5efic5t "w is !oris+ gone mad4 ,x is z absurd z = a mission>y to refuse admission to 8 prea*+1 or = ! manag] ( a !atre 9 :i* a fire has j />t$ to %ut out e fireman till he _h pres5t$ ! conv5tional c\pon = a res]v$ seat4 ,! example fir/ set by my own ,/ate 7,new ,york7 9 ! /atute :i* ,i _h ! hon\r ( draw+ ought to be foll[$ univ]sally4 ,we creat$ a public libr>ies dep>tm5t1 to devote its entire att5tion to advanc+ ! be/ int]e/s ( public libr>ies4 ,x w\ld take ! entire morn+ to sket* to y ! v>i\s =ms ( b5efic5t "w :i* we h f\nd practicable4 ,we help to e/abli% new libr>ies1 reorganise old ones1 revise me?ods1 select books1 l5d s+le books or entire libr>ies1 grant books or money up to #bjj ye>ly to any libr>y rais+ an equal sum f local s\rces1 &1 by means ( correspond5ce1 p]sonal inspection1 & /eady "w 9 a doz5 directions1 help e community to get ! greate/ practical good f ! lab\r & money giv5 to its free libr>y4 ,we h n[ ab\t five hundr$ travell+ libr>ies mov+ ab\t 9 all p>ts ( ! ,/ate4 ,! public libr>y is rapidly becom+ univ]sal4 ,= ! ,gov]nm5t n to recognise x 9 its own organisation is z absurd z x w\ld be to h a /&+ army & no w> dep>tm5t1 or s*ools dott$ all ab\t ! /ate & no dep>tm5t ( education4 ,"t =bids m ?an ! m]e nam+ ( :at is ne$$1 b ! fir/ great /ep 9 summ+ up ! relation ( ! ,/ate to public libr>ies is ! e/abli%m5t ( a public libr>ies dep>tm5t1 9 *>ge ( a /rong man :o appreciates ! almo/ limitless opportunities = usefulness :i* ?is new field af=ds4 ,our discussions ?is morn+ took su* a turn t y c\ld almo/ he> beh9d !m1 l ! recurr+ motive ( "o ( ,wagn]'s op]as1 ! "q1 ,:o %all be greate/ among libr>ians8 ,9 our ,/ate ,libr>y ,s*ool ,i give ea* ye> a c\rse ( five lectures on ! qualifications ( a libr>ian1 & po9t out "u a half-hundr$ diff]5t heads ! ?+s we %\ld dem& 9 an ideal libr>ian2 b :5 we h cov]$ ! :ole field ( s*ol>%ip & te*nical k & tra9+1 we mu/ confess t ov]%ad[+ all are ! qualities ( ! man4 ,to my ?9k+1 a great libr>ian mu/ h a cle> head1 a /rong h&1 &1 above all1 a great he>t4 ,he mu/ h a head z cle> z ! ma/] 9 diplomacy2 a h& z /rong z he :o quells ! rag+ mob1 or leads great armies on to victory2 & a he>t z great z he :o1 to save o!rs1 w1 if ne$ be1 lay d[n 8 life4 ,su* %all be greate/ among libr>ians2 &1 :5 ,i look into ! future1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t mo/ ( ! m5 :o w a*ieve ?is greatness w be wom54 ,x is well to hold up high ideals1 b x w\ld be a sad mi/ake to und]rate ! s]vices ( ! noble m5 & wom5 :o 9 "s1 p]haps _m1 respects fall f> %ort ( ! /&>ds we lay d[n1 & yet :o h done1 & are do+ well1 mu* ( ! _w's be/ "w4 ,let u dwell on :at has be5 well done1 n on :at has be5 omitt$ or on :at might h be5 done by o!r m5 9 o!r circum/ances4 ,i rememb]1 "s tw5ty-five ye>s ago1 read+ 9 ,george ,eliot's ,romola ^! words1 :i* we %\ld rememb] :5 ?9k+ ( any great libr>ian :o ( necessity fails 9 "s respects to meet all our ideals3 ,x 0 ! fa%ion ( old1 :5 an ox 0 l$ out = sacrifice to ,jupit]1 to *alk ! d>k spots & give ! (f]+ a false %[ ( unblemi%$ :it5ess4 ,let u fl+ away ! *alk1 & boldly say ! victim 0 spott$2 b x 0 n !re=e 9 va9 t 8 mighty he>t 0 laid on ! alt> ( m5's highe/ hopes4 ,,me?ods ,,( ,,secur+ ,,! ,,int]e/ ,,( ,a ,,community ,?is pap] by ,wm4 ,e4 ,fo/]1 ,libr>ian ( ! ,provid5ce ,libr>y1 appe>s 9 ! d\ble numb] ( ,! ,libr>y ,j\rnal = ,septemb]-,octob]1 #ahhj4 ,writt5 =ty ye>s ago x is m advanc$ f ! /&po9t ( socialization1 especially z reg>ds gr\p-action1 ?an "s pron\ncem5ts t "o might he> to-day4 ,a sket* ( ,mr4 ,fo/] appe>s 9 ,vol4 ,i4 ( ?is s]ies4 ,?is ma9ly resolves itself into a consid]ation ( direct & indirect me?ods4 ,! "o attempts only to supply ! public ) :at x wants2 ! o!r1 /riv+ aft] ! true/ improvem5t ( ! read]s1 9 "t secures1 ) ! gr[? ( intellig5t appreciation1 an int]e/ ev5 m active1 & va/ly m p]man5t1 ?an ! o!r4 ,no libr>y may safely disreg>d ei!r class ( me?ods1 & _! prop] adju/m5t is a po9t :i* may v pr(itably engage mu* ( ! libr>ian's att5tion4 ,x is true t ! fir/ ( ^! is n likely to escape 8 att5tion4 ,:at ! public wants is a consid]ation :i* w meet him frequ5tly1 f "o end ( ! ye> to ! o!r4 ,no "o ne$s to be told1 = in/ance1 t ! public wants to be amus$4 ,d\btless ! class ( books describ$ z humor\s w\ld con/itute1 to a l>ge body ( read]s 9 any "o ( our cities1 ! true ideal ( a collection ( books4 ,! ta/e = imag9ative lit]ature beg9s e>ly & la/s long1 ) a l>ge numb] ( read]s4 ,some?+ new is a phrase ^: attractiv5ess is n f> f univ]sal4 ,/ill fur!r1 if x is a "q betwe5 a true acc\nt1 :i* deals ) /irr+ adv5tures1 & ano!r true acc\nt1 ^: pages are devot$ to an impassive /atem5t ( sci5tific facts1 !re is n mu* "q :i* w f9d ! mo/ read]s among ! g5]al public4 ,:at ! public wants1 !n1 z reg>ds ! *oice ( books1 :ile x c]ta9ly does n indicate a high degree ( enlight5m5t1 has p]haps ! m]it ( be+ true to nature4 ,!re are c]ta9 po9ts ( adm9i/ration1 also1 9 :i* ! int]e/ ( ! public is conc]n$4 ,x is 9 favor ( hav+ ! libr>y z ne> its place ( resid5ce z possible2 & "h1 un=tunately1 ! public is a plural p]sonage :i* _c all be suit$ at once4 ,x is 9 favor ( t me?od ( obta9+ ! privileges ( ! libr>y :i* requires ! lea/ tr\ble & inconv5i5ce on its "p1 & seldom sees ! ne$ ( a c>eful v]ification ( ! applicant's id5tity4 ,x is 9 favor ( ! fewe/ re/rictions on access to ! books1 & on ! "t = keep+ !m4 ,x is 9 favor1 decid$ly1 ( t *>g+ sy/em :i* w deliv] ! book soone/4 ,x is 9 favor ( f9d+ ! libr>y op5 on all days & at all h\rs1 sometimes ev5 n reg>d+ ! specifi$ h\rs ann\nc$ z wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,9 %ort1 :ile x is by no means difficult to p]suade ! public ( ! reasonabl5ess ( a p>ticul> re/riction1 yet its fir/ ?\ght is und5iably l>gely influ5c$ by selfi% consid]ations4 ,nor is ! l>g] "p ( ! public any m fond ( be/[+ deep & pa9/ak+ ?\ght ^u ! books :i* x reads1 & ( c>ry+ ! m9d sy/ematically ?r\gh a complicat$ m5tal process4 ,x is n improbable t "s read]s w\ld be glad ( "s me?od ( us+ books :i* %\ld save !m ! tr\ble ( any m5tal process4 ,&1 :ile ^! read]s are s mu* av]se to any tr\blesome ef=ts t[>d improvem5t on _! own "p1 x w\ld be sc>cely reasonable to look = any v intellig5t sup]vision by !m ( ! read+ ( _! *ildr51 or ( ! pupils 9 ! s*ools4 ,"h1 aga91 :at ! public wants is ! royal road--"s %ort & easy me?od4 ,t libr>y1 !n1 :i* w\ld awak5 & develop a lively int]e/ among its read]s 9 ! miscellane\s public1 _c c]ta9ly compla9 ( a lack ( me?ods by :i* to secure su* int]e/4 ,x may include 9 its selection ( books a suitable p]c5tage ( fiction1 & humor\s works4 ,x may infuse new blood into ! libr>y by frequ5t & regul> pur*ase ( ! late/ publications4 ,x may add l>gely to ! dep>tm5t ( voyages & travels1 ( books copi\sly illu/rat$1--( popul> lit]ature1 9 %ort4 ,x may place its ma9 build+ 9 ! c5t] ( population1 & e/abli% bran*es = ! accommodation ( outly+ localities4 ,x may recognize ! desirabl5ess ( ! lea/ r$ tape 9 regi/]+ read]s1 ( op5 book-%elves1 ( exp$iti\s s]v+ ( read]s1 & long p]iods ( "t = ! use ( ! libr>y & ! ret5tion ( books4 ,x may furni% its read]s ) explanations & directions = obta9+ & us+ ! books :i* %all require ! lea/ difficulty 9 und]/&+ & apply+ !m4 ,x may1 & x %\ld1 recognize ! value ( all ^! pr9ciples1 & ! libr>y :i* fails to act on !m does s at its p]il4 ,yet ^! po9ts d n comprise all t dem& att5tion2 & ! effectiv5ess ( ev5 ^! is due to ! limits :i* are set to !m4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( fiction is well en\gh1 b to enl>ge ?is dep>tm5t at ! exp5se ( all o!rs w\ld cle>ly defeat ! libr>y's purpose4 ,dim9ution ( re/rictions 9 ! use ( books is c]ta9ly agreeable to ! public1 b ! removal ( all re/rictions w\ld result 9 su* a loss ( books z w\ld soon "w its own cure4 ,! "q1 ,:at does ! public want8 is n ! only1 nor1 9 fact1 ! *ief "q to be borne 9 m9d 9 ! conduct ( a libr>y4 ,"o has only to keep 8 eyes op5 to see h[ sugge/ive z to me?ods is ?is o!r "q3 ,( :at s]vice may ! libr>y be8 ,& x is safe to say t "o :o has n giv5 ! subject att5tion w be surpris$ to f9d at h[ _m po9ts a collection ( books1 & ! ?\ght !re conta9$1 t\* human life4 ,"h is a ma*9e-%op ) its hundr$ or m workm51 _m ( :om are anxi\s to /udy "s me*anical "w4 ,! libr>y has su* works1 & is glad to supply !m4 ,"h aga9 is a society ( natural hi/ory1 ^: memb]s are sy/ematically /udy+ "s dep>tm5t ( natural sci5ce4 ,to !m1 also1 ! libr>y will+ly (f]s its res\rces 9 t dep>tm5t4 ,) no less will+ness x (f]s its coop]ation to ^? :o are foll[+ a c\rse ( public lectures on "s topic ( political sci5ce or ( art1 to a college class /udy+ topically "s epo* ( hi/ory or p]iod ( lit]ature2 or to a public-s*ool tea*]1 ) a class 9 geography2 or a p>5t desir+ "s suitable read+ = a *ild4 ,or1 ) no specifi$ class ( p]sons 9 view1 x seeks to make its collection g5]ally available1 by regul> ref]5ces to its res\rces on matt]s ( curr5t & univ]sal int]e/4 ,mu* m effective1 h[ev]1 ?an ! be/ ( su* attempts at rea*+ classes ( read]s w be ! aid r5d]$ to individual read]s4 ,n g5]al & indef9ite1 b specific & direct assi/ance1 is "h giv51 &1 al?\gh at fir/ ?is k9d ( "w might seem to be impracticable 9 a l>ge libr>y1 yet "o :o tries x w be int]e/$ to see h[ f> su* individual me?ods may be introduc$4 ,! libr>ian almo/ me*anically le>ns to pigeon-hole 9 8 m9d ! peculi> ta/es & l9es ( read+ ( s+le read]s1 &1 :5 ! occasion pres5ts itself1 c br+ to _! notice books & articles :i* !y are glad to obta94 ,m ?an "o libr>ian makes x a regul> practice1 9 add+ new books to ! libr>y or 9 collect+ mat]ial be>+ ^u "s "o topic1 to drop a po/al to ?is & t read] :o1 he kn[s1 w be glad ( j ?is in=mation4 ,! m ! conduct+ ( a libr>y c be made an individual matt]1 br++ p>ticul> books to ! notice ( p>ticul> read]s1 ! m effective x becomes4 ,x rema9s to consid] :at may be call$ ! g5]al effect ( su* individual ef=ts1 cont9u$ f "o ye> to ano!r4 ,!y w c]ta9ly result 9 giv+ ! public a l>ge am\nt ( assi/ance4 ,be+ ex]t$ 9 connection ) ! :ole community1 !y _c fail to leave an influ5ce1 l ! s*ool1 ! *ur*1 or ! newspap]1--an influ5ce moreov]1 :i*1 if wisely direct$1 & intellig5tly %ap$1 w make ! public libr>y idea appreciably felt 9 ! civilization ( ! c\ntry4 ,nor c x fail to h a reflex influ5ce 9 secur+ ! int]e/ ( ! public4 ,if me?ods ( ! =m] class 7 able1 by _! direct ag5cy1 to accompli% practical results1 ev5 m significant & m p]man5t are ^? rea*$ indirectly by ?is me?od4 ,no class ( p w be s truly atta*$ to ! in/itution1 by active int]e/1 z ^? :o feel t !y h be5 p]sonally aid$ & improv$ ?r\gh its ag5cy4 ,! =m] me?ods are directly adapt$ to secure popul>ity1 ! latt] to w9 gratitude2 & if x %\ld ev] become necess>y to *oose "o ( ^!1 at ! exp5se ( ! o!r1 !re c be little room = hesitation4 ,! gr[? ( public s5tim5t 9 communities l ,bo/on & ,worce/]1 :]e public libr>ies h be5 adm9i/]$ on ^! pr9ciples1 & ) ^! ends 9 view1 = a s]ies ( ye>s1 is v in/ructive4 ,public s5tim5t1 l confid5ce1 is a plant ( sl[ gr[?2 b exp]i5ce %[s t :5 ! conviction has once ?or\ghly p5etrat$ a community t an in/itution l ?is is s9c]ely aim+ to s]ve ! public1 a hold on its sympa?y & int]e/ has be5 acquir$ n easily to be %ak54 ,x %\ld be ! aim ( ea* libr>ian to make ! usefulness ( 8 in/itution s manife/ t ! public w z soon ?9k ( disp5s+ ) ! po/-(fice z ) ! libr>y4 ,,f9ancial ,,support ,! ju/ification = tax+ ! memb]s ( a community to support a ,public ,libr>y1 al?\gh r>ely que/ion$ to-day 0 argu$ ) heat 9 =m] times4 ,e>li]1 !re 0 ! same diff]5ce ( op9ion ) reg>d to ! public s*ools4 ,9 ord] to obta9 ! argum5t 9 opposition1 9 its be/ =m1 we h _h to draw f a ,briti% s\rce1 :i* we consid] x prop] to quote "h because x elicit$ a reply f an ,am]ican libr>ian :i* w imm$iately foll[3 ,,free ,,libr>ies 7,,an ,,argum5t ,,aga9/ ,,public ,,support7 ,?is pap]1 by ,m4,d4 ,o',bri51 =ms ,*apt] ,,ix ( ! compilation ( essays entitl$ ,a ,plea = ,lib]ty edit$ by ,?omas ,mackay 7#crd ed4 ,london1 #ahid74 ,! sub-title ( ! book1 an argum5t aga9/ socialism & sociali/ic legislation1 gives its viewpo9t4 ,!re is a =midable introduction by ,h]b]t ,sp5c] 9 :i* he condemns ev5 ! extremely limit$ /ate support giv5 at t "t to g5]al education 9 ,engl& z a tyrannical sy/em tamely submitt$ to by p :o fancy !mselves free4 ,mr4 ,sp5c] ends by ass]t+ t ! end1 if ?is sort ( ?+ is to g on1 mu/ be a society l t ( anci5t ,p]u1 dreadful to contemplate1 9 :i* ! mass ( ! p1 elaborately regim5t$ 9 gr\ps1 444 7 sup]9t5d$ 9 _! private lives z well z 9 _! indu/ries & toil$ hopelessly = ! support ( ! gov]nm5tal organization4 ,a ,free ,libr>y may be def9$ z ! sociali/s' cont9uation s*ool4 ,:ile ,/ate education is manufactur+ read]s = books1 ,/ate-support$ libr>ies are provid+ books = read]s4 ,! two functions are logically relat$4 ,if y may take y\r education out ( y\r neighb\r's e>n+s1 surely y may get y\r lit]ature 9 ! same mann]4 ,lit]>y dep5d5cy has ! same ju/ification z educational dep5d5cy2 &1 no d\bt1 habituation to ! "o helps to develop a /rong desire = ! o!r4 ,a portion ( our population has by legislation acquir$ ! "r to supply itself ) necess>ies & luxuries at ! co/ ( ! rates4 ,! art ( e>n+ su* ?+s = !mselves has be5 r5d]$ sup]flu\s4 ,progress !re=e halts because ?is all-important in/9ct has fall5 into disuse4 ,at a po9t ! rates w be> no m1 & ^? :o dep5d on !m = _! pleasures are doom$ to disappo9tm5t4 ,! id5tity ( pr9ciple exemplifi$ alike by compulsory education & compulsory libr>ies1 logically involves ! ju/ification or condemnation ( bo?2 &1 let u disguise ! unpleasant tru? 9 z _m s\nd+ phrases z we please1 ! fact rema9s t ! c>ry+ out ( ?is sociali/ic pr9ciple means paup]ism pure & simple4 ,h we =gott5 ! evils t result$ f ! application ( ?is pr9ciple "u ! old poor law8 or d we imag9e t :5 an evil *anges its outw>d appe>ance x *anges its inn] ess5ce also8 ,! h>m done to ! national "* by a policy ( ?is nature v>ies 9 int5sity 9 proportion to ! necessity ( ! want suppli$4 ,if ! ?+ suppli$ at public co/ is really necess>y & eag]ly accept$ by ! p1 x becomes m readily a pot5t cause ( dep5d5cy1 & a heavy & at l5g? an insupportable *>ge on ! ratepay]s4 ,?is 0 ! exp]i5ce ( ! old poor law4 ,! co/ ( national education is fa/ approa*+ to ! same /ate ( ?+s1 & ! problem w "o day h to be fac$3 ',h[ is ! burd5 ( ! co/ ( education to be return$ to ! %\ld]s ( ^? :o are responsible = x8' ,9 ?is pap] we are conc]n$ ) a small] "q4 ,a v inconsid]able section ( ! p really want ! ,free ,libr>y2 ! "q at ! polls is g5]ally treat$ ) apa?y1 & only a v small proportion ( ! ratepay]s record _! votes "o way or ! o!r4 ,z a matt] ( fact ! ,free ,libr>y is =c$ ^u ! public by a numb] ( doctr9aire believ]s 9 ! sup]human value ( a m]e lit]>y education4 ,x is n a popul> want4 ,! va/ majority ( p h /ill a great] fai? 9 ! tra9+ :i* results f practical contact ) ! real facts ( life1 & /ill only reg>d book-le>n+ z a useful supplem5t1 easily obta9able by ^? :o really desire x & are likely to pr(it by x4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,education ,acts is v analog\s4 ,! lit]>y classes became al>m$ at ! ignorance ( ! poor1 & in/ead ( all[+ ! ef=ts ( philan?ropi/s1 aid$ by ! gr[+ appreciation ( education among/ ! lab\r+ class--already giv+ great promise ( provid+ a true & volunt>y rem$y = ! suppos$ evil--to "w out a sy/em ( education on natural & heal?y l9es ( spontane\s evolution1 a c\rse :i* w\ld h add$ dignity & /ability to ! dome/ic life ( ! p>5ts & giv5 a real & te*nical sy/em ( education to ! *ildr5--in/ead ( ?is1 ! ha/y politician ru%$ =w>d cry+4 ',! p d n want education1 s we mu/ compel !m4' ,! compulsory & demoraliz+ "* ( ! means reacts on ! o!rwise advantage\s nature ( ! end1 & ! result is a m9d-de/roy+ sy/em ( cram = ! *ildr52 summons1 f9es1 & police = ! p>5ts4 ,?is is h[ ! politician makes education a lovely & desirable ?+4 ,x is almo/ impossible to ov]-e/imate ! evils result+ f ! ,/ate n all[+ tea*]s & p>5ts to adju/ ! educational arrangem5ts s z to meet ! felt requirem5ts ( ! case4 ,?is communal despotism /rikes at ! v f\ndation ( p]sonal virtue1 viz4 ! home1 ! in/rum5t by :i* nature lifts human "* above ! non-moral s5su\sness ( ! animal _w4 ,let u nev] =get t ! human m9d is made up ( l[] & high] elem5ts1 & t ! removal ( p]sonal duties--! practice-gr\nd ( ! virtues--fav\rs ! developm5t ( ! l[] factors ( "* at ! exp5se ( ! high]1 ( we$s at ! exp5se ( fl[]s4 ,:at else c possibly result f ! c>ry+ out ( a pr9ciple :i* means ! public fe$+1 clo?+1 & lodg+ ( *ildr5 "u (ficial sup]9t5d5ce & control8 ,w x be cont5d$ t ,/ate (fic]s c "k bett] ?an p>5ts :at is really ne$$ = *ildr58 ,yet ?is is :at our ,free ,educationali/s are lead+ u to4 ,! sy/em :i* robs ! p>5t ( "o ( ! noble/ motives to ef=t--! desire to give a good education to 8 *ildr5--:i* weak5s ! s5se ( duty & takes away a :olesome /imulus to ! m5tal & moral faculties1 is only ! beg9n+ ( an evil t m5aces civilization & ?reat5s to swall[ up all natural di/9ctions & relation%ips 9 a l[ & promiscu\s communism4 ,?is bribe ( p>5tal irresponsibility--?is pat5t me?od ( %irk+ duties--:i* ! politician (f]s u 9 ex*ange = our manhood1 is a s*eme = enc\rag+ ! race to ca/ itself =? into ! moral d>kness ( a _w :]e ! p>5ts are all *ildless & ! *ildr5 all orphans4 ,! ,free ,libr>y1 h[ev]1 has n yet rea*$ ! same degree ( compulsion z ! ,free ,s*ool4 ,a majority ( ! local public mu/ vote = x be=e x c be e/abli%$2 or r1 we %\ld say1 !re mu/ be a majority fav\rable to x among/ ^? :o d take ! tr\ble to record _! votes3 usually only a v small proportion ( ! electorate ?9k x wor? :ile to cross ! /reet 9 ord] to pay a visit to ! poll4 ,:5 ! ,libr>y is e/abli%$1 its real popul>ity is to be measur$ by ! fact t its books are borr[$ by only ab\t "o p] c5t4 ( ! population4 ,we make bold to say t if x ev] becomes popul>1 x w be an extremely mis*iev\s in/itution4 ,z yet x is m]ely a play?+ = a numb] ( well-mean+ busybodies1 & an occasional conv5i5ce to a few middle-class read]s4 ,! limit$ am\nt g5]ally sp5t ^u x prev5ts x f do+ any?+ m ?an m9i/] to ! s5sational indulg5ces ( a v limit$ section ( ! read+ public4 ,if ! work+ classes ( ! c\ntry ev] really become /ud5ts1 x w be impossible to supply !m ) adequate /ore ( books f ! rates3 if ?is is attempt$1 x c only be at a "t :5 books w be b a small item 9 ! exp5diture :i* a dom9ant ,/ate ,socialism seeks to lay on ! public purse4 ,on ! "o h& w /& a class ^: only plan = satisfy+ _! wants is ! imposition ( a new tax1 & on ! o!r a h>ri$ remnant ( ratepay]s1 bo? soon to be ov]:elm$ by ! ne> approa* ( national bankruptcy4 ,want is ! spr+ ( human ef=t4 ,self-discipl9e1 self-control1 self-reliance1 are ! habits :i* gr[ 9 m5 :o are all[$ to act = !mselves4 ,! m$dlesome =e/all+ ( individual ef=t1 :i* is be+ c>ri$ into mis*iev\s excess1 is go+ f> to b9d our poor] classes = ano!r c5tury ( dep5d5ce4 ,let u run1 z rapidly z possible1 ?r\gh a few ( ! pleas set up by ! advocates ( ?is =m ( municipal socialism4 ,good books1 x is said1 are out ( ! rea* ( ! work+ man4 ,:e!r ?is is true z reg>ds books we %all see1 b obvi\sly x w\ld be easy to make out a mu* /rong] case = _m o!r =ms ( amusem5t :i* are f> m popul> ) ! million ?an books2 yet no "o s]i\sly proposes t ! amusem5ts ( ! poor] classes c all be support$ by ! rates4 ,b a glance d[n ! li/s ( "s ( our publi%]s w %[ any "o t ! /atem5t is n true--is ! v rev]se ( tru?4 ,:5 books l ',pilgrim's ,progress1' ',! ,vic> ( ,wakefield1' ',rasselas1' ',paul & ,virg9ia1' ,byron's ',*ilde ,h>old1' ',lady ( ! ,lake1' ',m>mion1' & o!rs1 c be pur*as$ f ,messrs4 ,dicks at twop5ce ea*2 :5 all ,scott's novels c be obta9$ f ! same publi%]s = ?reep5ce p] /ory2 :51 f ! same s\rce1 any ( ,%akesp]e's plays c be got = a p5ny ea*1 x w n d to say t ! be/ k9d ( lit]ature is unpur*asable by a class t sp5ds millions a ye> on alcohol1 z well z ?\s&s on tobacco & o!r luxuries4 ,?ree or f\r p5ce1 :i* ev5 comp>atively poor p ?9k no?+ n[-a-days ( sp5d+ on an ounce ( tobacco or a pipe1 w buy en\gh ( ! be/ lit]ature to la/ an ord9>y read] at lea/ a week or a =tnight4 ,& :5 ! book is read1 !re is ! pleasure to be d]iv$ f l5d+ or giv+ x to a fri5d1 & ( accept+ ! loan or gift ( 8 9 return2 a cu/om t l>gely obta9s 9 c\ntry di/ricts :]e no sociali/ic collection ( unju/ly gott5 books exi/s to h9d] ! developm5t ( p]sonal ?rift or poison ! spr+s ( spontane\s g5]osity4 ,ly+ on ! table :]e ?is is writt5 is a li/ ( ! works publi%$ 9 ,cassell's ,national ,libr>y4 ,h[ "s ( ! old book-lov]s :o are gone--:o liv$ 9 ! days :5 ! pur*ase ( a good book involv$ "s p]sonal sacrifice--w\ld h appreciat$ ?is valuable libr>y6 ,"h are #bjh ( ! _w's be/ books1 ea* "o ( :i* conta9s "s #bjj pages ( cle> readable type4 ,! publi%$ price is ?reep5ce ea*2 b a disc\nt ( tw5ty-five p] c5t4 is all[$ :5 f\r or five or m are pur*as$4 ,x w\ld be a wa/e ( space to give ! entire li/2 b a few typical examples may be tak54 ,"h are ! ,essays ( ,"l ,macaulay2 "h are works by ,plut>*1 ,h]odotus1 ,plato1 ,x5ophon1 ,lucian1 ,f5elon1 ,voltaire1 ,boccaccio1 ,go!1 & ,less+--9 ,engli%1 ( c\rse4 ,"h is ,walton's ',complete ,angl]1' ,goldsmi?'s ',plays1' ,bacon's ',wisdom ( ! ,anci5ts' & ',essays4' ,"h are works by ,burke1 ,swift1 ,/eele & ,addison1 ,milton1 ,johnson1 ,pope1 ,sydney ,smi?1 ,col]idge1 ,dick5s1 ,l&or1 ,field+1 ,keats1 ,%elley1 ,defoe1 ,dryd51 ,c>lyle1 ,locke1 ,bol+broke1 ,%akesp]e1 & _m o!rs4 ,all ,%akesp]e's plays are "h complete1 & ea* play is accompani$ by ! poem1 /ory1 or previ\s play on :i* x is f\nd$4 ,"h1 = example1 is ! la/ ( ! s]ies z yet publi%$1 ',all's ,well t ,ends ,well'2 x conta9s a translation ( ! /ory ( ,giletta ( ,n>bona f ,pa9t]'s ',palace ( ,pleasure'2 x is wor? ?reep5ce to a /ud5t1 if only = %[+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 raw mat]ial & f9i%$ product4 ,hundr$s ( new novels1 includ+ "s ( ^? ( ,?ack]ay1 ,k+sley1 ,dick5s1 ,lytton1 & o!r well-kn[n au?ors1 are to be obta9$ 9 mo/ places = #d-a_/b;d41 & _! secondh& price is less /ill4 ,consid]+ ! m>vell\s *eapness ( good books1 x is difficult to und]/& h[ any "o c ei!r blackmail 8 neighb\r = !m1 or enc\rage work+-m5 to d s4 ,if a man w n d$uct a few copp]s n[ & !n f 8 outlay 9 o!r luxuries to pur*ase lit]ature1 he _c want lit]ature v badly2 if he does n value books suffici5tly well to buy !m ) 8 own e>n+s he does n des]ve to h !m b\ght = him ) o!r p's e>n+s4 ,t poor wom5 & o!rs1 :o are (t5 ! sole support ( a l>ge family ( *ildr51 %\ld h _! h>d e>n+s confiscat$ to ma9ta9 read]s--_m ( !m well-to-d--9 gratuit\s lit]ature1 is an inju/ice n to be palliat$ by all ! holl[ cant ab\t culture & education s freely indulg$ 9 at ! pres5t "t4 ,"s "t ago !re 0 a discussion on '! sacrifice ( education to exam9ation4' ,!re is ano!r "q q z s]i\s--! sacrifice ( ju/ice to s-call$ education4 ,let u next consid] ! educational value ( ?is in/itution4 ,x is h>dly necess>y = u to say t we h no objection1 ei!r = ourselves or = our neighb\rs1 to novel-read+4 ,on ! contr>y1 we reg>d x z a legitimate =m ( recreation4 ,all we argue is t x is n a luxury :i* %\ld be paid = out ( ! rates4 ,n[1 to li/5 to ! advocates ( ,free ,libr>ies "o w\ld imag9e t ^! in/itutions 7 only frequ5t$ by /ud5ts1 & t ! books borr[$ 7 = ! mo/ "p ( a pr(\nd & s*ol>ly "*4 ,b ! v rev]se ( ?is is ! case4 ,! committee ( ! ,blackpool ,free ,libr>y1 9 _! ,report = ! ye> #ahhg-h1 say3--',works ( fiction & light lit]ature enjoy ! greate/ degree ( popul>ity1 ea* book circulat+ elev5 times 9 ! ye>1 :ile ! m in/ructive books 9 ! o!r classes circulate only once dur+ ! same p]iod4' ,accord+ to ?is ,report1 out ( a total av]age daily issue ( #aej volumes1 #acg are works ( fiction & light lit]ature4 ,! av]age issue ( hi/ory1 :i* is ! next l>ge/ item1 is only #i p] diem4 ,no wond] is x1 aft] su* results z ?is1 t ! ,committee %\ld express ! op9ion 't ! ri* /ores ( biography1 hi/ory1 travels1 & works ( sci5ce & art :i* h be5 add$ 9 rec5t ye>s are des]v+ ( great] att5tion ?an has hi!rto be5 giv5 to !m4' ,al?\gh ! nom9al & frequ5tly exce$$ limit is n[ "o p5ny 9 ! p\nd1 !re is no kn[+ h[ soon x may be rais$4 ,already "o ( ! memb]s ( ! ,libr>y ,association ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 a body compos$ to a consid]able ext5t ( libr>ians ^: bureaucratic in/9cts naturally impel !m to pu% _! bus9ess by all possible means1 has aw>d$ a prize ( t5 gu9eas = a draft ,libr>y ,bill1 :i*1 among o!r ?+s1 p]mits a twop5ny in/ead ( a p5ny rate4 ',b1' says ! ,daily ,news ( ,oct4 #d?1 #ahhi1 '! feel+ appe>$ to be unanim\s t x w\ld be unwise to put ?is =w>d z a "p ( ! ,association's programme1 z x w\ld enorm\sly increase ! opposition to ! adoption ( ! ,act 9 new localities4' ,no reg>d = ! ratepay]s' pockets holds !m back2 b only a fe> ( injur+ bus9ess by fright5+ ! bird ^: fea!rs are to be pluck$4 ,7 x n = ?is ! ,bill w\ld be pu%$ =w>d1 & ^? ratepay]s :o h vot$ = ! adoption ( ! ,act 9 ! belief t no m ?an "o p5ny c be levi$1 w\ld h ! rate sudd5ly d\bl$ ov] _! heads )\t kn[+ x4 ,p]haps1 aft] all1 x w\ld s]ve !m "r4 ,! int]v5tion ( ?is ,association 9 ! conduct ( ! agitation = ,free ,libr>ies is in/ructive1 & po9ts to ! fact t if we admit ! pr9ciple t ! wants ( ! poor] classes g5]ally are to be suppli$ f ! rates1 x is n ! poor] classes !mselves :o are all[$ to say :at =m ! gift %all take4 ,on ! contr>y ! law is manipulat$ by a numb] ( amiable en?usia/s :o succe$ 9 foi/+ _! own fad on ! public *>ges4 ,if ! work+ classes 7 all[$ to *oose ! application ( #a;d4 or #b;d4 9 ! p\nd x w\ld n g to ,free ,libr>ies4 ,! enorm\s am\nt ( light read+ indulg$ 9 by ! frequ5t]s ( ,free ,libr>ies leads u to expect t ^! places are l>gely us$ by well-to-d & o!r idl]s4 ,& ?is is exactly :at we f9d4 ,free ,libr>ies are p]fect 'god-s5ds' to ! t[n loaf]1 :o f9ds himself h\s$ & amus$ at ! public exp5se1 & may l\nge away 8 "t among ! intellectual luxuries :i* 8 neighb\rs are tax$ to provide = him4 ,says ,mr4 ,mull9s1 ! ,birm+ham libr>ian1 ',no delicacy seem$ to det] ! poor tramp f us+1 n only ! news-room1 b ! be/ seats 9 ! ref]5ce libr>y = a snooze4 ,already ! ,committee _h to compla9 ( ! use ( ! room = bett+1 & = ! transaction ( v>i\s bus9esses1 & ! exhibition ( samples1 writ+ out ( ord]s1 & o!r pursuits m suit$ to ! comm]cial room ( an hotel4' ,& ref]r+ to ano!r ,free ,libr>y1 ! same au?ority cont9ues3--',9 ! ,picton ,room ( ! ,liv]pool ,libr>y1 alcoves 7 once provid$ ) small tables1 on :i* 7 p5s1 ink1 c41 b x 0 f\nd t pupils 7 receiv$ 9 !m by tutors1 & mu* private lett]-writ+ 0 done !re92 s t :5 a respectable ?ief took away ,l#bj wor? ( books !y 7 clos$4 ,aft] ! nons5se usually indulg$ 9 by ! (ficials ( lit]>y paup]ism su* c&\r z ?is is positively refre%+4 ,x is seldom ! high prie/ all[s u to look beh9d ! curta9 9 ?is fa%ion4 ,z a rule1 ! admission is mu* less direct1 & c only be ga!r$ f a c>eful analysis ( ! /ati/ics4 ,accord+ to ! ,bri/ol ,report = la/ ye>1 !re 7 #daf1dah borr[]s dur+ ! twelve mon?s prec$+ ,decemb] #ca1 #ahhi3 ( ^! #adh1iib are describ$ z hav+ 'no occupation4' ,! ,report ( ! ,atk9son ,free ,libr>y ( ,s\?port in=ms u t out ( ! #abhc new borr[]s :o jo9$ ! libr>y la/ ye>1 #ecf are writt5 d[n z ( 'no occupation4' ,at ! same t[n1 9 ! ye>s #ahhg-h1 !re 7 #fda :o1 accord+ to ! report1 7 )\t any occupation1 out ( a total ( #adha4 ,accord+ to ! annual ,report ( ! ,leam+ton ,free ,public ,libr>y = #ahhh-i1 #ahg made a return 'no occupation1' out ( a total ( #bhb applicants4 ,9 ! ,y>m\? ,report = ! same ye>1 out ( a total ( #cjhe new borr[]s1 #ajdd are describ$ z ( 'no occupation'2 ! report = ! previ\s ye> /ates ! proportion z foll[s3--,total ( borr[]s1 #bhac2 'no occupation1' #ajgh2 9 ! ye> be=e t ! total 0--#cdja2 'no occupation1' #acfh4 ,"s reports give a full] analysis ( ! diff]5t classes ( p :o use ! libr>ies to :i* !y ref]4 ,9 ! ,wigan ,report = la/ ye> we are told t #ac1ccf p made use ( ! ref]5ce libr>y 9 t t[n dur+ #ahhh-i4 ,! l>ge/ items ( ?is am\nt are giv5 z foll[s3--,solicitors1 #abad2 cl]gy1 #ijc2 cl]ks & book-keep]s1 #aeba2 colli]s1 #ifa2 s*oolma/]s & tea*]s1 #hja2 ar*itects & surveyors1 #dah2 eng9e]s1 #dij2 eng9em51 #dch4 ,at ,newca/le-on-,tyne1 la/ ye>1 !re 7 #aa1fbj p]sons us$ ! ref]5ce libr>y1 & only #cidi ( ^! 7 ( 'no occupation4' ,yet1 not)/&+ ! num]ical weakness ( ! latt]1 !y manag$ to consult ne>ly half ! books t 7 consult$ dur+ t ye>4 ,! total numb] consult$ 0 #cf1ajj2 & #af1hjj 7 us$ by p :o _h 'no occupation4' ,& ?is is legislation = ! ,work+ ,classes6 ,!re is little d\bt t at lea/ =ty-n9e out ( e fifty work+-m5 h no int]e/ :atev] 9 ^! in/itutions4 ,= "o p5ny !y c buy _! fav\rite newspap]1 :i* c be c>ri$ 9 ! pocket & read at any "t2 :]eas if !y want$ to see a pap] at a ,free ,libr>y !y w\ld g5]ally h to wait half an h\r or an h\r 9 a /uffy room1 )\t be+ all[$ to speak dur+ ! "t4 ,! foll[+ s5sible rem>ks are f ! p5 ( "o :o has ris5 to an hon\rable position f a v humble beg9n+ )\t ! aid ( ei!r ,free ,libr>ies or ,free ,s*ools3-- ,n long ago a conf]5ce ( work+ m5 0 held at ,sal=d to consid] ! "q ( rational amusem5t1 :51 9 reply to a s]ies ( que/ions1 x 0 /at$ t ,free ,libr>ies 7 n ! places = poor1 h>d-work+ m51 :o _h social wants :i* su* libr>ies c\ld n gratify4 ,x 0 argu$ t p :o w5t to "w f six 9 ! morn+ till six at night did n want to travel a mile or s to a ,free ,libr>y4 ,music1 gymna/ics1 smok+ & conv]sation rooms1 & o!r ?+s 7 sugge/$1 b 9 summ+ up ! majority ( replies1 x appe>$ t amusem5t r ?an intellectual improvem5t1 or ev5 read+1 0 :at 0 mo/ want$ by m5 aft] a h>d day's toil4 ,?is appe>s to h be5 realis$ 9 ! erection1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,besant's conception1 ( ! ,palace ( ,delight 9 ! ea/ end ( ,london4 ,! tru? is t a ,free ,libr>y fav\rs "o special section ( ! community--! book-read]s--at ! exp5se ( all ! re/4 ,! inju/ice ( su* an in/itution is conspicu\sly app>5t :5 x is rememb]$ t temp]am5ts & ta/es are z v>i\s z faces4 ,if "o man may h 8 hobby paid = by 8 neighb\rs1 :y n all8 ,are !atre-go]s1 lov]s ( cricket1 bicycli/s1 amateurs ( music1 & o!rs to h _! e>n+s confiscat$1 & _! capacities = indulg+ 9 _! own special hobbies curtail$1 m]ely to satisfy gluttons ( gratuit\s novel-read+8 ,a love ( books is a great s\rce ( pleasure to _m1 b x is a crazy fancy to suppose t x %\ld be s to all4 ,if logic _h any?+ to d ) ! matt] we might expect to he> proposals = compell+ ! att5dance ( work+ m5 at ! ,free ,libr>y4 ,b surely 9 ?is n9ete5? c5tury m5 might be tru/$ to *oose _! own amusem5ts1 & might mutually refra9 f *>g+ ! co/ !re( to _! neighb\rs' acc\nt4 ,?is p&]+ to selfi%ness is bad = all p>ties1 & d\bly s to ! class x is specially int5d$ to b5efit4 ,! foll[+ imag9>y dialogue w p]haps s]ve to %[ ! inh]5t inju/ice ( lit]>y socialism4 ,a & ,b e>n #as4 ea* by c>ry+ luggage4 ,says ,a to ,b3 ',i am 9 fav\r ( circulat+ books by means ( a subscription libr>y2 f ?is #as4 ,i !re=e propose to d$uct #a;d4 9 ord] to compass my desire4 ,!re is my fri5d ,c1 :o is ( ! same op9ion z myself1 & he is will+ to subscribe 8 quota to ! s*eme4 ,we hope y w be will+ to subscribe y\r mite1 b if n1 we int5d to =ce y to d s1 =1 z y "k1 all private int]e/s mu/ give way to ! public good4' ',p]haps s1' replies ,b1'b !n1 y see1 ,i h my own op9ions on ! subject1 & ,i d n believe t y\r me?od ( supply+ lit]ature is ! be/ me?od4 ,( c\rse ,i may be wrong1 b !n ,i am logically entitl$ to ! same fre$om ( ?\ght & action z y y\rself are4 ,if y are entitl$ to h y\r views ab\t a ,free ,libr>y & to act ^u !m1 ,i am equally entitl$ to ! same lib]ty1 s long z ,i don't int]f]e ) y4 ,i don't compel y to pay = my *ur*1 my !atre1 or my club2 :y %\ld y compel me to pay = y\r libr>y8 ,= my own "p ,i don't want o!r p to keep me 9 lit]ature1 & ,i don't want to keep o!r p4 ,i refuse !re=e to pay ! subscription4' ',v well1' rejo9s ,a1 'if t is ! case ,i %all proce$ to make y pay2 & z ,i happ5 to repres5t a num]ical majority ! task w be an easy "o4' ',b are we n man & man1' says ,b1'& h n ,i ! same "r to sp5d my e>n+s 9 my own way z y h to sp5d y\rs 9 y\r way8 ,:y %\ld ,i be compell$ to sp5d z y sp5d8 ,don't y see t y are claim+ m = y\rself ?an y are all[+ to me1 & are supplem5t+ y\r own lib]ty by robb+ me ( m9e8 ,is ?is ! way y promote ! public good8 ,is ?is y\r boa/$ free libr>y8 ,i tell y x is f\nd$ ^u !ft & ^u ! violation ( ! mo/ sacr$ ?+ 9 ?is _w--! lib]ty ( y\r fell[ man4 ,x is ! embodim5t ( a gross inju/ice1 & only realises ! selfi% purpose ( a c[>dly & di%one/ majority4' ',we h he>d all ?is be=e1' replies ,a1 'b su* consid]ations mu/ all give way be=e ! public good4 ,we are /rong] ?an y are1 & we h decid$ once & = all t y %all pay = a ,free ,libr>y2 don't make unnecess>y resi/ance1 or we %all h to proce$ to extremities4' ,&1 aft] all1 ! s-call$ ,free ,libr>y is n really free--only s 9 "n4 ,if ! p5ny or twop5ny rate gave ev5 ! %abbie/ accommodation to any?+ l a fair proportion ( its compulsory subscrib]s1 !re w\ld n be /&+ room1 & ! ord9>y subscription libr>ies w\ld disappe>4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,?os4 ,gre5wood1 :o 9 8 book on ',free ,libr>ies' has giv5 a table ( ! daily av]age numb] ( visitors at ! diff]5t ,free ,libr>ies di/ribut$ up & d[n ! c\ntry1 !re is only "o p] c5t41 on an av]age1 ( visitors p] day ( ! population ( ! t[n to :i* ! libr>y belongs accommodat$ = a rate ( "o p5ny 9 ! p\nd1--sometimes m1 sometimes less2--b ! g5]al proportion is ab\t "o p] c5t4 ,n[ :at d ^! facts mean8 ,if x co/s "o p5ny 9 ! p\nd to acommodate s few1 :at w\ld x co/ = a fair proportion to receive any?+ l a %>e t w\ld be wor? hav+8 ,ev5 n[ x is a frequ5t occurr5ce = a read] to wait = mon?s be=e he c get ! novel he wants4 ,says ,mr4 ,george ,ea/]1 ! ,norwi* libr>ian3--',novels mo/ read are ^? by ,a9swor?1 ,ballantyne1 ,besant1 ,braddon1 ,coll9s1 ,craik1 ,dick5s1 ,f5n1 ,grant1 ,hagg>d1 ,h5ty1 ,c4 ,k+sley1 ,k+/on1 ,edna ,lyall1 ,macdonald1 ,m>ryat1 ,oliphant1 ,payn1 ,reade1 ,reid1 ,v]ne1 ,w>n]1 ,wood1 ,worboise1 & ,"y2 ( ^? und]l9$ 79 italics7 ! works are ne>ly always out4' ,! fact is1 ! ,free ,libr>y means t ! _m %all "w & pay & ! few l\nge & enjoy2 !oretically x is free to all1 b practically x c only be us$ by a few4 ,:ile !re is su* a run on novels1 solid works are at a disc\nt4 ,at ,newca/le-on-,tyne dur+ #ahhj-ha we f9d t #bajj volumes ( ,miss ,braddon's novels 7 issu$ 7( c\rse "s w\ld be issu$ _m times ov]1 z ! :ole set compris$ only ?irty-six volumes71 :ile ,ba9's ',m5tal & ,moral ,sci5ce' 0 l5t out only twelve times 9 ! ye>4 ,!re 7 #acbj volumes issu$ ( ,grant's novels1 & fifte5 issues ( ,butl]'s ',analogy ( ,religion'2 #djef volumes ( ,lev]'s novels 7 issu$1 :ile ,kant's ',critique ( ,pure ,reason' circulat$ f\r times2 #dija volumes ( ,lytton's novels 7 issu$1 :ile ,locke ',on ! ,und]/&+' w5t eight times4 ,mill's ',logic' /&s at f\rte5 issues z aga9/ ,scott's novels1 #ccjj2 ,sp5c]'s ',syn!tic ,philosophy' 7#h vols47 _h =ty-?ree issues ( sep>ate volumes2 ,dick5s' novels _h #fhaj2 ,macaulay's ',hi/ory ( ,engl&' 7#aj vols47 _h sixty-f\r issues ( sep>ate volumes4 ,ouida's novels _h #ajbj2 ,d>w9's ',orig9 ( ,species' 7#b vols47 _h ?irty-six issues2 ,wood's novels1 #adha4 ,mill's ',political ,economy' _h elev5 issues2 ,worboise's novels1 #aifd4 ,smi?'s ',weal? ( ,nations' 7#b vols47 _h f\rte5 issues2 ,coll9s' novels1 #acfh4 ',no worse ?an 9 o!r libr>ies1' x may be said2 'k is at a disc\nt3 s5sation at a premium ev]y:]e6' ,p]fectly true2 b are p to be tax$ to give facilities = ?is8 ,novel read+ 9 mod]ation is good3 ! end[m5t ( novel read+ by ! rates is bad--t is our cont5tion4 ,& :5 x is rememb]$ t any book requir+ s]i\s /udy _c be gallop$ ?r\gh1 l a novel1 9 ! week or f\rte5 days all[$ = use1 x becomes at once evid5t t ?is gratuit\s l5d+ sy/em is only adapt$ = ! circulation ( s5sation1 & n = ! acquirem5t ( real k4 ,& ?is is ! sort ( ?+ p all[ !mselves to be rat$ & tax$ =6 ,?is is progressive legislation1 & its oppon5ts are backw>d & illib]al6 ,free ,libr>ies are typical examples ( ! compulsory coop]ation ev]y:]e ga9+ gr\nd 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,l all ,/ate socialism !y are ! negation ( t lib]ty :i* is ! goal ( human progress4 ,e successful opposition to !m is !re=e a /roke = human advancem5t4 ,?is m5daci\s appeal to ! num]ical majority to =ce a demoralis+ & paup]is+ in/itution ^u ! m9ority1 is an attempt to revive1 9 municipal legislation1 a =m ( co]cion we h outgr[n 9 religi\s matt]s4 ,at ! pres5t "t !re is a majority ( ,prote/ants 9 ?is c\ntry :o1 if !y wi%$1 c\ld use _! num]ical /r5g? to compel =c$ subscription f a m9ority ( ,ca?olics1 = ! support ( ^? religi\s in/itutions :i* are reg>d$ by _! advocates z ( q equal importance to a ,free ,libr>y4 ,yet ?is is n done2 & :y8 ,because 9 matt]s ( religion we h le>nt t lib]ty is bett] ?an =ce4 ,9 political & social que/ions ?is t]rible lesson has yet to be le>n$4 ,we deceive ourselves :5 we imag9e t ! /ruggle = p]sonal lib]ty is ov]--probably ! fi]ce/ "p has yet to arise4 ,! tyranny ( ! few ov] ! _m is pa/1 t ( ! _m ov] ! few is to come4 ,! temptation = p[]--:e!r ( "o man or a million m5--to take ! %ort cut1 & attempt by rec\rse to a =c+ process to produce t :i* c only come z ! result ( ! sl[ & /eady gr[? ( ages ( free action1 is s great t probably c5turies w elapse be=e exp]i5ce w h made m5 pro( aga9/ x4 ,b1 h[ev] long ! conflict1 ! ultimate issue _c be d\bt$4 ,t indisp5sable condition ( all human progress--lib]ty--_c be p]man5tly suppress$ by ! arbitr>y dictates ( majorities1 h[ev] pot5t4 ,:5 ! sociali/ic legislation ( to-day has be5 tri$1 x w be f\nd1 9 ! bitt] exp]i5ce ( ! future1 t = a few tempor>y1 (t5 imag9>y1 advantages we h sacrific$ t p]sonal fre$om & initiative )\t :i* ev5 ! longe/ life is b a /ale & empty mock]y4 ,,argum5ts ,,= ,,public ,,support ,,( ,,public ,,libr>ies ,a rejo9d] to ! prec$+ pap] 0 made by ,william ,e4 ,fo/]1 ( ! ,provid5ce ,public ,libr>y1 be=e ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association at its conf]5ce held 9 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal41 9 #ahia4 ,x may be consid]$ z giv+ ! normal ,am]ican view z contra/$ ) ! ultra-cons]vative attitude ( ,mr4 ,o',bri54 ,a sket* ( ,mr4 ,fo/] appe>s 9 ,vol4 ,i4 ( ?is s]ies4 ,! rise ( ! public libr>y sy/em bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & ,great ,brita91 dur+ ! pa/ half-c5tury1 has be5 almo/ co9cid5t ) ! v notewor?y reexam9ation ( e phase ( social economy n[ s p[]fully influ5c+ ! ?\ght ( ! _w4 ,9 ?is discussion ! contributions ( ,kaufmann1 ( ,fawcett1 ( ,graham1 ( ,jevons1 & above all1 ( ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 h be5 m ?an influ5tial--!y h be5 almo/ epo*-mak+--& :atev] view "o may hold 9 reg>d to ! social "q1 9 its v>i\s phases1 "o _c fail to ackn[l$ge ! deep debt :i* we owe to ^! pr(\nd ?9k]s4 ,no book1 f ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s po9t ( view1 :i* has appe>$ )9 rec5t ye>s1 is wor?y ( a wid] read+ ?an ! volume entitl$ ,a plea = lib]ty2 an argum5t aga9/ socialism & sociali/ic legislation1 :i* appe>$ ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t ye>4 ,9 x ?irte5 writ]s1 ^: po9t ( view is v ne>ly id5tical1 h discuss$ 9 successive *apt]s su* topics z po/al communications1 electric communication1 inve/m5t1 improvem5t ( work+m5's homes1 free libr>ies1 education1 & o!r subjects1 9 _! relation to ! "q1 ,:at action %all ! ,/ate take 9 reg>d to !m8 ,! und]ly+ purpose ( ! book is ?us express$ 9 ! words ( ,mr4 ,mackay1 ! editor ( ! volume3--,if ! view set out 9 ?is volume is at all correct1 x is v necess>y t m5 %\ld ab&on ! policy ( indiff]5ce1 & t !y %\ld d some?+ to enl>ge ! atmosph]e ( lib]ty4 ,?is is to be accompli%$ n by reckless & revolution>y me?ods1 b r by a resolute resi/ance to new encroa*m5t & by pati5t & /atesmanlike endeavor to remove :]ev] practicable ! re/ra9ts ( regulation1 & to give full play ov] a l>g] area to ! creative =ces ( lib]ty1 = lib]ty is ! condition prec$5t to all solution ( human difficulty4 ,surely ?is is a /atem5t ( ! case :i* mu/ p[]fully appeal to all ?9k+ m51 & lead !m to reexam9e1 at lea/1 ! pr9ciples on :i* ,/ate support ( ! v>i\s in/itutions ref]r$ to is bas$4 ,9 su* a _s1 a reexam9ation ( ! argum5t = public support ( public libr>ies mu/ be reg>d$ z entirely g]mane to ! objects :i* ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association has at he>t4 ,9 su* a _s ! pres5t pap] proposes to weigh once m ! pr9ciples :i* und]lie our ,am]ican libr>y sy/em1 & ! consid]ations br\ght =w>d by ,mr4 ,o',bri5 9 ! *apt] devot$ to ,free libr>ies 9 ! volume ref]r$ to4 ,! half-c5tury ( discussion ( socialism & sociali/ic legislation already ref]r$ to has made few ?+s s cle> z ! fact t ! argum5ts employ$ on any subject--social subjects 9 p>ticul>--are weak5$ 9 almo/ ! exact ratio 9 :i* !y are all[$ to be t+$ by passion & excit$ feel+4 ,x mu/ !re=e be reg>d$ z un=tunate t ,mr4 ,o',bri5's *apt] suff]s mo/ emphatically f comp>ison ) ! g5]ally high level ( calm & unimpassion$ argum5t1 *>act]iz+ ! l>g] portion ( ! book4 ,:e!r ?is is to be expla9$ on ! basis ( ! apocryphal legal maxim1 ,:5 y h no case1 abuse y\r oppon5t1 or :e!r ,mr4 ,o',bri5 ent]$ ! li/s fre% f "s too rec5t p>ticipation 9 a p]sonal conte/ ov] ! "q1 we d n und]take to inquire4 ,! fact rema9s t n only d ! writ]s ( ! o!r *apt]s ( ! book appe> f a c>eful read+ to /ate _! argum5ts m effectively1 b t ! read] is also impress$ ) ! fact t !y h a case :i* admits ( m effective argum5t4 ,let u glance 9 succession at ! po9ts :i* ,mr4 ,o',bri5 has aim$ to make4 ,!y may be gr\p$ 9 g5]al "u two heads2 fir/1 ^? :i* relate to ! injury 79 ,mr4 ,o',bri5's view7 inflict$ on ! individual us] ( a free libr>y f hav+ x aid$ by public support1 & second1 ^? :i* relate to ! tax-pay]'s grievance 79 ,mr4 ,o',bri5's view7 9 help+ to support x4 ,! =m] is ( c\rse ! side ( ! "q mo/ g]mane to ! g5]al purpose ( ! book1 & x is !re=e an occasion = surprise to notice t 9 ,mr4 ,o',bri5's enum]ation ( argum5ts ^? com+ "u ! o!r class outnumb] x 9 ! ratio ( six to "o4 ,fir/ ( all1 to use ,mr4 ,o',bri5's own language ! argum5t t if read]s 7 left to pay = _! own books1 n only w\ld books be m valu$1 b ! moral discipl9e involv$ 9 ! small p]sonal sacrifice incurr$ by sav+ = su* a purpose w\ld d inf9itely m good ?an any am\nt ( culture obta9$ at o!r p's exp5se4 ,& he takes occasion to sugge/ t possibly ! advocates ( lit]>y paup]ism w see little =ce 9 ?is argum5t4 ,possibly2 we are n famili> ) ! tra9 ( reason+ :i* leads to an advocacy ( lit]>y paup]ism4 ,= ourselves1 we h be5 accu/om$1 long be=e ! appe>ance ( ,mr4 ,o',bri5's *apt]1 to atta* exceptional importance to ! pr9ciple :i* he has "h indicat$1 some:at awkw>dly1 to be sure4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! appreciation ( any object is 9 almo/ ! exact ratio ( ! ef=t exp5d$ to procure x4 ,?is is :y tea*]s & libr>ians--9 ,am]ican communities1 at lea/--h s (t5 _h occasion to rejoice at see+ a ta/e n only = read+1 b = own+ books inspir$ 9 a "y man or woman by access to a noble collection ( books = ! use ( ! public4 ,= own+ books1 we say2 b ! limits ( a collection s own$ are too soon rea*$ 9 ! case ( ev5 ! be/-end[$ pockets ( individual read]s4 ,7 ! intellig5t tea*] :o takes an int]e/ 9 ! read+ & intellectual gr[? ( ! pupils1 f ! v>i\s walks 9 life repres5t$ 9 our s*ools1 to f9d a pupil ^: int]e/ 9 pursu+ fur!r "s l9es ( ?\ght !re9 sugge/$1 ext5d$ no fur!r ?an to ! books at home on 8 own book-%elf1 we _c d\bt t x w\ld give occasion to "q ! efficacy ( ! tea*+ imp>t$4 ,mr4 ,o',bri5's objection to ! enjoym5t ( ^! res]voirs ( enlight5m5t1 by a portion ( ! community1 :]e ! community z a :ole is responsible = _! support1 is z if a man %\ld be told t he w\ld d well n to walk abroad at night by ! light ( ! public /reet lamps1 b r enjoy ! light k9dl$ 9 8 own h\se4 ,! latt] is c]ta9ly important1 b n ev5 ,mr4 ,o',bri5's reason+ is likely to p]suade u t x precludes ! =m]4 ,mr4 ,o',bri51 9 ! second place1 deeply feels = ! read] :o1 9 be+ br\ght 9 contact ) ! b5efits ( ! libr>y1 is1 he ?9ks1 subject$ to a wrong sy/em ( education4 ,to quote 8 language3 ,j at ! "t :5 a *ild is beg9n+ to =m 8 ta/es1 j at ! p]iod :5 ! daily habituation to ! simple duties ( f>m life w\ld lay ! f\ndation bo? ( s\nd heal? & practical k1 he is tak5 out ( ! p>5t's control1 & subject$ to a m9d-de/roy+1 cramm+ process1 :i* excludes practical k & creates a dislike = all s]i\s /udy4 ,"o is compell$ on read+ ?is extraord9>y deliv]ance to ca/ "o's eye to ! head+ at ! top ( ! page1 ,free ,libr>ies1 & ask :at ?is =midable indictm5t--n "o c\nt 9 :i* has any be>+ on libr>ies--c mean 9 ?is connection4 ,! only conclusion possible is t x 0 writt5 ) a view to appe>+ 9 "s o!r *apt] ( ! book4 ,b ,mr4 ,o',bri5's conc]n is manife/$ also = ! taxpay]1 :o unites 9 ! public support ( ! libr>y4 ,if we und]/& him correctly1 8 cont5tion is t ! enormity ( ?is tax consi/s l>gely 9 ! repreh5sible nature--z repres5t$ 9 8 pages--( ! in/itution itself4 ,= f ?is %ort *apt] "o gradually frames a picture ( ! free libr>y z a place :i* tramps frequ5t = sleep+ (f ! effects ( dissipation2 z a place us$ by comm]cial travell]s = exhibit+ _! samples2 z a place f :i* 9 "o in/ance a respectable ?ief took away ,l#bj wor? ( books2 z a place us$ 9 an almo/ exclusive degree = read+ fiction2 z a place :]e ! "t prescrib$ = keep+ books makes 's]i\s /udy' impossible2 &1 m s]i\s ?an all ! re/1 z a place :i*1 he says1 favors "o special section ( ! community at ! exp5se ( all ! re/4 ,let u d ,mr4 ,o',bri5 ! ju/ice to add t = ! fir/ ?ree ( ^! c\nts he gives *apt] & v]se = 8 *>ges1 quot+1 namely1 f v>i\s 7,engli%7 libr>y reports4 ,no "o w !re=e wi% to dispute 8 well-=tifi$ /atem5t t 9 su* & su* an in/ance an unseemly incid5t occurr$4 ,b ev5 a *ild c assur$ly see ! diff]5ce betwe5 a /atem5t ( an isolat$ occurr5ce & an inf]5ce t x is a necess>ily *>act]i/ic & inh]5t quality ( ! in/itution 9 "q4 ,7 ?is latt] true1 !n we might well cry out = aboli%+ our *ur*es1 sidewalks1 & railway /ations1 = 9 !m ^! v same ?ree ?+s respectively are kn[n at "s "t to h be5 done4 ,9 ! la/ ?ree ( ^! c\nts1 h[ev]1 we h only ,mr4 ,o',bri5's ass]tions z ! basis1 & we are oblig$ to add also t ev5 ^! are f\nd to be conflict+4 ,on "o page 8 language %[s t he is pa9$ t a c]ta9 p]c5tage ( read]s 9 ! libr>ies nam$ %\ld pref] to call = works ( fiction4 ,c x be t he has =gott5 ?is1 :5 on ano!r page he cites x z a grievance t x is a frequ5t occurr5ce = a read] to wait = mon?s be=e he c get ! novel he wants6 ,on page #ccc1 aft] quot+1 f ! annual report ( "o ( ! ,engli% libr>ies1 ! /atem5t z to ! use ( works ( fiction1 no?+ b a resort to italics c suffici5tly emphasize 8 lam5tation t ! m in/ructive books 9 ! o!r classes circulate only once dur+ ! same p]iod4 ,mr4 ,o',bri5 is n ! only obs]v] :o has fail$ always to obs]ve1 :5 comm5t+ ^u p]c5tages ( fiction1 t any book requir+ s]i\s /udy _c be gallop$ ?r\gh1 l a novel1 9 ! week or f\rte5 days all[$ = use1 yet :o w\ld h believ$ t out ( 8 own m\? w\ld he be s completely answ]$1 = ?is rem>k1 z well z ! "o :i* x answ]s1 is f\nd 9 8 decid$ly int]e/+ *apt] 7p4 #cdh74 ,b "h x is evid5t t ! be>+ ( ! two ^u ea* o!r 0 n 9 8 m9d 9 writ+ x1 = 8 purpose 9 ! s5t5ce la/ quot$ 0 pla9ly to make x appe> t ! cu/om>y regulations ( public libr>ies 7 su* z to r5d] s]i\s /udy impossible4 ,! limitation ( a week or f\rte5 days = a book ( ! k9d :i* he "h indicates--he in/ances by "n ,kant's ,critique ( pure reason & ,smi?'s ,weal? ( nations--is practically unkn[n 9 ,am]ican public libr>ies4 ,9 mo/ ( ^? kn[n to ! pres5t writ] a book ( ?is k9d c be *>g$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance = f\rte5 days & !n r5ew$1 mak+ tw5ty-eight days 9 all1 & 9 /ill o!rs = a long] p]iod4 ,x c !n1 aft] be+ return$ to ! libr>y--to give any o!r read] :o may ne$ x a *ance at x--be tak5 out aga9 aft] rema9+ on ! %elves tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 = ano!r tw5ty-eight days' use by ! same read]4 ,! annual report ( an ,am]ican libr>y :i* lies be=e u conta9s a case 9 po9t4 ,speak+ ( ,bryce's ,am]ican ,commonweal?1 x /ates3 ,( ?is1 sev5 copies 7 add$ 9 succession4 ,x names #aja z ! total ( ! issues ( ?is "w dur+ ! ye>2 b consid]+ ! tru? express$ 9 ,mr4 ,o',bri5's own v j words1 t any book requir+ s]i\s /udy _c be gallop$ ?r\gh1 l a novel1 ! /atem5t is add$ t su* a record1 = a book l ?is1 con/antly 9 ! h&s ( read]s1 may be contra/$ ) ! m ?an t5 times great] numb] ( times t "s "w ( fiction might be read ?r\gh1 return$ & tak5 out aga91 requir+ b a "p ( a day's att5tion4 ,9 fact1 #aja is v likely to be ! total numb] ( issues possible 9 ! case ( sev5 copies ( ?is book1 :ile #gjj w\ld probably fall f> %ort ( ! total possible issues ( ! same numb] ( copies ( a /ory l ,! ,wreck ( ! ,grosv5or4 ,aga91 ,mr4 ,o',bri5 n only tells u t a free libr>y favors "o special section ( ! community at ! exp5se ( all ! re/1 b ?r\gh\t 8 *apt] recurs aga9 & aga9 to ! case ( ! work+man4 ,on page #ccj1 = in/ance1 we are solemnly told3 ,if ! work+man _c come by 8 books hone/ly1 let him wait until he c4 ,?is is inde$ some:at summ>y1 p>ticul>ly :51 be+ int]pret$1 x is f\nd to mean1 ,let !re be no free libr>ies support$ by ! public4 ,& yet1 on page #cdd1 ) no less c]ta9ty1 we are assur$ t !re is little d\bt t at lea/ =ty-n9e out ( e fifty work+m5 h no int]e/ :atev] 9 ^! in/itutions4 ,:]e ! deliv]ances f "o & ! same s\rce are s contradictory1 ! imp>tial inquir] w d\btless feel l look+ = "s o!r s\rce ( in=mation4 ,f ! mat]ials accessible to ! pres5t writ] 9 reg>d to ,am]ican libr>ies--& ! new edition ( ,mr4 ,gre5wood's ,public libr>ies appe>s to tell ! same tale 9 reg>d to ,great ,brita9--! int]e/ ( work+m5 9 ! opportunities af=d$ by public libr>ies is ev]y:]e emphatically %[n2 b he :o sets out ) ! purpose ( %[+ t !re is any "o exclusive class to :om ! public libr>y is ( s]vice & to no o!r--be t class work+m51 or /ud5ts1 or manufactur]s1 or sci5ti/s--w f9d ! facts s+ul>ly ob/9ate & unresponsive to 8 purpose4 ,! tru? is--,mr4 ,o',bri5's confid5t ass]tion to ! contr>y--t !re is no m univ]sal & non-p>tisan in/itution ?an a public libr>y4 ,?is is und\bt$ly ! highe/ among its sev]al claims to public support4 ,few among ! objects to :i* ! public funds h be5 appropriat$1 9 ,am]ican cities1 h met ) s he>ty & unque/ion+ approval z ! public p>ks1 & x is "r t x %\ld be s4 ,yet !re are :ole classes 9 e community :o n only nev] d enjoy ! public p>ks1 b nev] c>e to enjoy !m4 ,ev5 ! public s*ools are = a c]ta9 fraction ( ! population only--! y\ng] portion4 ,9 contra/ ) bo? ( ^!1 ! public libr>y ext5ds its res\rces to ! *ildr5 & ! adults alike4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 ! fundam5tally important "q ( univ]sality1 9 ! s5se ( non-p>tisan%ip1 is "o :i* is seldom appreciat$ 9 its full =ce1 z appli$ to a public libr>y4 ,an indep5d5t position1 "o entirely free f bias1 a non-p>tisan attitude1 9 fact1 is an ideal repeat$ly set be=e ! conductors ( a s*ool or a newspap]4 ,9 bo? ^! cases1 h[ev]1 !re is too (t5 an elem5t ( practical difficulty 9 c>ry+ ^! praisewor?y int5tions into practice1 :i* is almo/ completely want+ 9 ! case ( a public libr>y4 ,! policy ( ! latt]1 is1 9 its v ess5ce1 ca?olic4 ,x places on its %elves ! volumes :i* repres5t1 n "o side1 b bo?1 or r all sides ( any subject on :i* ! s5tim5t ( ! public divides2 & ?us1 :e!r ! us] be ,democrat or ,republican1 protectioni/ or freetrad]1 ,ca?olic or ,prote/ant1 ! aspect :i* ?is collection ( books pres5ts to him is no less free & uncircumscrib$ ?an ! illimitable aid4 ,aga91 x is important t ! relation ( a public libr>y to ! "q ( ent]ta9m5t %\ld be cle>ly und]/ood4 ,ent]ta9m5t is n an elem5t totally =eign to ! purposes ( a public libr>y--! same k9d ( public b5efit accrues 9 ?is case z 9 ! case ( public p>ks--b 9 ! light ( ! inf9itely m important functions :i* x r5d]s1 ?is mu/ ( necessity occupy a subord9ate place4 ,! prim>y function ( a libr>y is to r5d] a s]vice1 to supply a ne$1 to respond to a dem&4 ,9 ?is respect its value to ! community is ( ! same description z ! po/al sy/em1 ! bank at :i* "o may ca% a *eck1 or ! res]voir f :i* "o may turn on a supply ( wat]4 ,"o ( ! po9ts :i* ,mr4 ,o',bri5 aims to make1 & :i* proce$s f a manife/ confusion ( ?\ght1 c be appropriately notic$ "h4 ,8 cont5tion is t a public libr>y is = ! class :o may be designat$ book-read]s1 t ^! =m b a small p]c5tage ( any community1 & t !re=e x is obvi\sly wrong t ! libr>y %\ld receive public support4 ,?is is +5i\s1 z is also 8 eloqu5t1 ?\gh some:at contemptu\s sett+ ( _! suppos$ special ne$s ov] aga9/ ^? ( o!rs4 ,are !atre-go]s1 lov]s ( cricket1 bicycli/s1 amateurs ( music1 & o!rs to h _! e>n+s confiscat$1 m]ely t ! book-read] may gratify 8 peculi> crav+8 ,l _m o!r +5i\s !ories1 h[ev]1 x leaves out ( acc\nt c]ta9 fundam5tally important be>+s ( ! subject4 ,!re c be no d\bt t 9 any community ! book-read] is n synonym\s ) ! entire population4 ,"s ( ! population are *ildr5 9 arms2 "s h nev] le>n$ to read2 ! sight ( "s :o h le>n$ has fail$2 o!rs aga9 are too fully occupi$ to f9d "t = x2 o!rs f9d _! incl9ation drawn m /rongly 9 o!r directions2 o!rs /ill h m or less to d ) read+1 yet are n1 9 ! /rict s5se1 book-read]s4 ,yet we %all err v widely if we lose sight ( ! fact t ev5 ^? :o d n p]sonally p]=m ! role ( ! book-read] d nev]!less b5efit by ! exi/5ce ( ! libr>y1 by proxy4 ,! "y *ild is read to1 by 8 "m2 or is c>$ = by h]1 by me?ods le>n$ ?r\gh h] use ( books4 ,! busy capta9 ( indu/ry1 ^: l>ge pr(its are due to a skillful application ( sci5tific pr9ciples1 may f9d 8 own "t s closely occupi$ by details ( adm9i/ration t1 p]sonally1 he seldom op5s ! treatises :i* be> ^u ! subject1 b he expects to keep abrea/ ( ! ev] unfold+ sci5ce1 by ! consultation n only ( su* works z private own]%ip may provide1 b ! m ne>ly complete collection 9 a great public libr>y4 ,?is pr9ciple ( community ( int]e/ & int]dep5d5ce has an ev5 wid] be>+2 = x applies n only to ! family & ! bus9ess firm1 b to ! community z a :ole4 ,a public libr>y report n[ be=e ! writ] conta9s sev]al in/ances ( ?is k9d4 ,speak+ ( ! sy/ematic ef=ts made to build up an approximately complete collection ( works on indu/rial & decorative subjects1 ! report /ates t 9 ?is way ! libr>y is gradually becom+ ! possessor ( a sci5tifically select$ set ( volumes & plates :i* _c fail to leave a di/9ct impress on ! "* ( ! "w done 9 ! v>i\s indu/ries ( ! city4 ,ano!r portion ( ! same report illu/rates ! direct s]vice r5d]$ by su* an in/itution to ! int]e/s ( ! municipality4 ,to quote ! language !re us$1 ,in/ances ( ! la/ nam$1 bo? /rik+ & tangible1 are ( by no means exceptional occurr5ce1 sometimes an application ( ?is k9d be+ pres5t$ f m ?an "o city (ficial on ! same day1 ! =ego+ hav+ ref]5ce to ! city 9 "q4 ,a well-au!nticat$ in/ance1 x cont9ues1 9 "o ( ! l>ge/ cities ( ! c\ntry1 ( ! sav+ ( a sum ( _m ?\s& doll>s1 9 ! matt] ( a contract1 due to ! opportunity = consult+ ! requisite data compris$ 9 works ( au?ority 9 ! public libr>y ( t city1 is b an indication ( ! possibilities ( a public libr>y4 ,x is fitt+ t :]e funds are to be appropriat$1 collect$ by taxes levi$ on ! tax-pay+ population1 !re %\ld be possible s tangible a pres5tation z ! above1 ( ! direct relation ( ! in/itution support$1 to ! "q ( pr(it & loss1 z affect+ ^? :o are tax$4 ,& yet x is well to rememb] t x is z true n[ z tw5ty c5turies ago1 t man does n live by bread alone2 & t ! public support ( ! in/itutions ref]r$ to c be ju/ifi$ by o!r argum5ts ?an t ( ! mat]ial int]e/s j cit$4 ,no aspect ( ! libr>y's op]ation is m full ( int]e/ ?an t :i* takes acc\nt ( its uplift+ influ5ce4 ,! analogy betwe5 its s]vice & t ( ! po/al sy/em has be5 notic$2 b x has a no less real analogy to ! "w ( ! s*ool1 ! pulpit1 or ! press--yet )\t ! propag&i/ pr9ciple :i* s (t5 atta*es to ^! latt]--namely1 9 ! pr9ciple ( gr[? or advance4 ,9 ! e>li] portion ( ?is pap] a little space 0 devot$ to %[+ t 9 ! nature ( ! case ! numb] ( copies ( any "w ( fiction us$ 9 ! c\rse ( a ye> w\ld imm5sely out-numb] ^? :i* c\ld possibly be read 9 ! m solid dep>tm5ts ( read+4 ,ev5 7 ! con/itu5cy ( ! libr>y conf9$ to a select$ few1 to ^: m9ds ! high] class ( read+ 0 cong5ial1 ?is w\ld be ! case4 ,nor %\ld we =get t ! gr\nd ( di/9ction betwe5 a public libr>y & any o!r1 z ! libr>y ( a sci5tific society1 a debat+ society1 a !ological s*ool or a tea*]s' club1 is t its con/itu5cy is n ?us limit$ to a select$ class b is broad z humanity itself1 ) all its enorm\s inequalities ( condition1 ta/e1 & m5tal gr[?4 ,l a mirror1 !re=e1 ! record$ classifi$ circulation reflects ?is v>iety4 ,ev5 ) ?is app>5tly almo/ unmanageable unev5ness1 appreciable improvem5t 9 /&>ds ( read+ is by no means an unkn[n exp]i5ce4 ,!re lies be=e ! writ]1 = in/ance1 a libr>y report :i* is able to make su* a /atem5t z ?is3 ,! fiction p]c5tages ( ! sev5 successive ye>s1 beg9n+ ) #ahhc & end+ ) #ahhi1 %[ an un9t]rupt$ decl9e1 z foll[s3 #gj1 #ff1 #fb1 #fa1 #eh1 #ef4 ,b x mu/ be rememb]$ also t figures su* z ^!1 ?\gh !y may tell a "p1 & a v gratify+ "p1 ( ! advances :i* individual read]s h be5 help$ to make1 fall v f> %ort ( express+ ! :ole4 ,x w\ld be entirely possible = individual aft] individual ?us to advance f good to bett]1 & f bett] to be/1 & yet ! figures :i* express ! aggregate use ( ! ye> rema9 /ation>y 7or ev5 retrograde71 because ! con/itu5cy ( a public libr>y 7p>ticul>ly 9 a l>ge city7 is all ! "t be+ re5=c$ by new read]s4 ,& ^! new read]s comprise bo? ^? :o are *ildr5 9 age & ^? :o are *ildr5 9 m5tal gr[?1 :o beg9 at ! foot4 ,:51 !re=e1 !re is any?+ m ?an a pres]v+ ( a uni=m level--z 9 ! notewor?y figures above quot$--x /&s = a v /rik+ advance inde$1 on ! "p ( a v l>ge portion ( ! community4 ,probably e libr>ian 9 *>ge ( a public libr>y 9 a l>ge city has _h an opportunity ( obs]v+ ^! advances 9 innum]able individual in/ances4 ,& ?is class ( results1 :ile di/9ctly foll[+ ! ord] ( nature1 does n by any means come ab\t ?r\gh a view ( libr>y adm9i/ration :i* reg>ds ei!r books1 read]s1 or libr>ian z in]t masses4 ,mu* ( x is ! result ( individual int]e/ express$ by ! libr>ian 9 "s read]1 ^: m9d receives an awak5+ impulse4 ,m ?an "o well au!nticat$ in/ance exi/s ( an individual beg9n+ life z a newsboy or an elevator-boy1 & ?r\gh 8 use ( a public libr>y f9d+ 8 intellectual p[]s unfold+ until he has ent]$ "o ( ! le>n$ pr(essions4 ,! relation ( ! libr>y sy/em to ! s*ool sy/em op5s an almo/ b\ndless field ( ?\ght1 & x is a fact ( deep significance t ! pr(\nd pr9ciple involv$ 9 x1 aft] hav+ engag$ ! att5tion ( ,engli% & ,am]ican libr>ies = ye>s1 has be5 recogniz$ 9 ! educational /eps rec5tly tak5 by ! gov]nm5t ( ,japan1 :]e ! two sy/ems are plac$ on a plane ( equality4 ,9 ! exp]i5ce ( "o ( ! ,am]ican libr>ies already ref]r$ to1 almo/ ! *ief hope ( ! libr>y = ! future is plac$ ^u a class ( read]s1 e ye> l>gely increas+ 9 numb]s1 :o comprise ! graduates f ! v>i\s in/itutions ( le>n+ 9 ! city1 & ^: l9es ( /udy & read+ may be *>act]iz$ z a c>ry+ =w>d ( ^? impulses 9 ! direction ( "r read+ :i* 7 receiv$ 9 s*ool & college4 ,! libr>y has a no less direct relation to ! ne$s & ambitions ( ^? :o h receiv$ ! invaluable tra9+ ( ! practical duties ( ! _w1 to use ,mr4 ,o',bri5's phrase1 & x responds ) equal read9ess to ^!4 ,!re is conc5trat$ 9 ! contemptu\s phrase1 book-le>n+1 a popul> judgm5t ( condemnation :i* is = ! mo/ "p j1 on ! spuri\s v>iety ( k :i* kn[s ! expression ( c]ta9 pr9ciples 9 books1 b kn[s no?+ ( _! practical embodim5t 9 ! life & "w ( ?is _w4 ,we are glad to obs]ve t ,mr4 ,o',bri5's antipa?y to ?is pseudo-k is almo/ z pr(\nd z our own1 b 8 expression ( x seems s+ul>ly out ( place 9 a philippic aga9/ public libr>ies2 = "o w seek f> be=e f9d+ an in/itution m p]fectly suit$ to be a corrective ( su* a t5d5cy ?an ! mod]n public libr>y4 ,does any "o claim t ! public s*ool sy/em sometimes has an un=tunate t5d5cy to repress individuality & turn out a set ( pupils ( uni=m m\ld8 ,if s1 ! public libr>y supplies a means ( supplem5t+ & complem5t+ ?is uni=mity by its inf9ite v>iety & univ]sality1 & x is cont9ually do+ ?is1 inde$4 ,does any "o regret t ! s*ool sy/em at its be/ rea*es b a fraction ( ! population & t fraction = b a few %ort ye>s ( _! life1 & t 9 too _m in/ances !re is a t5d5cy on ! "p ( ev5 ^! few1 educat$ 9 ! s*ools1 to conceive ( _! education z f9i%$1 & all[ ! fabric to become hopelessly ravell$8 ,if s1 ! public libr>y /&s to ^! memb]s ( ! community 9 an almo/ ideal relation1 n only fulfill+ v p]fectly ,mr4 ,c>lyle's *>act]ization ( a collection ( books z ! p's univ]sity1 b 9 ! peculi>ly wide range %[n 9 ! dem&s made ^u x1 almo/ z prop]ly r5d]+ x ! p's work%op1 or laboratory4 ,! same libr>y report :i* has sev]al times be5 cit$ pr9t$ sev]al ye>s s9ce a record ( ! inquiries made on specific subjects dur+ a s+le mon?1 :i* ?r[s significant light ^u ?is subject4 ,ano!r report ( ! same libr>y decl>es t few c adequately conceive to :at ext5t ! inquiries made at ! libr>y h become specializ$1 & require tra9$ facility & rese>* on ! "p ( ! libr>y /aff4 ,! libr>y ?us becomes a laboratory1 9 :i* ! read] ga9s n only ! specific in=mation1 b ! me?od4 ,an obs]vation ( popul> movem5ts 9 _! relation to political or economic pr9ciples reveals few facts s pla9ly z t an almo/ insup]able n>r[ness ( view is1 9 mu* ! great] numb] ( in/ances1 ! b>ri] to advance 9 ^? que/ions decid$ ma9ly by ! popul> voice4 ,:y !n %\ld any "o wi% to p]petuate ! conditions :i* make ?is possible8 ,9 ,mr4 ,o',bri5's view ! work+man1--& we ought n to =get h[ l>ge a p]c5tage ( ! community ?is ^w work+man repres5ts1 bo? 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica1--w be a =tunate man :5 ! cont5ts ( free libr>ies are no long] r5d]$ ev]y:]e accessible to him by public support1 = !n ! work+m5 = "o 'p5ny' c buy _! favorite newspap]1 :i* c be c>ri$ 9 ! pocket & read at any "t6 ,x is well nigh incr$ible t an ideal su* z ?is %\ld be look$ =w>d to by ?9k+ m54 ,:atev] may be ! fact 9 reg>d to ! work+m5 ( ,great ,brita91--& ,mr4 ,o',bri5 ( c\rse kn[s !m bett] ?an we d1--x may confid5tly be ass]t$ t ! ,am]ican work+man w\ld /rike no su* false note4 ,mr4 ,l[ell 9 "o ( 8 admirable orations quotes f a ,walla*ian leg5d ( a peasant :o 0 tak5 up into heav5 & (f]$ 8 *oice among ! objects to be se5 !re4 ,he *ose a half worn-out bagpipe1 & ) ?is return$ to ! e>?4 ,) an inf9ite possibility )9 8 rea*1 ) ! *oice ( wisdom1 ( p[]1 ( beauty1 at 8 tongue's end1 he ask$ accord+ to 8 k9d1 & 8 sordid wi% is answ]$ ) a gift z sordid4 ,! newspap] is well en\gh 9 its way1--ev5 a p5ny newspap]1--b to condemn :ole masses ( ! population to limit !mselves to ?is1 is to incur ! condemnation ( ,mr4 ,l[ell's f9e scorn :51 9 ano!r portion ( ! oration j ref]r$ to1 he says3 ,x is we :o1 :ile we might ea* 9 8 humble way be help+ our fell[s into ! "r pa?1 or add+ "o block to ! climb+ spire ( a f9e s\l1 are will+ to become m]e sponges saturat$ f ! /agnant goose-pond ( village gossip4 ,x is m4 ,x is to help develop a community f :om 9 ! end e sp>k ( uplift+ influ5ce %all h vani%$4 ,does any "o say t ?is is a result impossible ( atta9m5t by any p8 ,! sci5tifically true1 yet brutally summ>y record giv5 by ! di/+ui%$ ,european savant1 ,elisee ,reclus1 ( a c]ta9 ,european /ock :i* has f\nd & occupi$ virg9 soil 9 ! ,s\? ( ,africa1 is a suffici5t answ]4 ,9 g5]al1 he says1 ! ,bo]s despise ev]y?+ t does n contribute directly to ! mat]ial prosp]ity ( ! family gr\p4 ,!y ignore music1 ! arts1 lit]ature1 all ref9+ influ5ce1 & f9d little pleasure 9 any?+1 except solid amass+ ( weal?4 ,a few additional po9ts rema9 to be not$4 ,x is an entirely p]t95t "q :e!r e public libr>y 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica improves its high privilege1 uses to ! full ! peculi> opportunities op5 to x1 places itself 9 close communication ) ! public s*ool sy/em1 ) ! univ]sity ext5sion movem5t1 & ) ! influ5ces cont9ually at "w 9 indu/rial & arti/ic developm5t4 ,& we ne$ n hesitate to answ] 9 ! negative4 ,yet ! significant fact is1 t ev]y:]e ! t5d5cy is 9 ?is direction ) a /rong] & /rong] mom5tum4 ,! advance made 9 ?is c\ntry1 )9 ! la/ decade ev51 9 ?is direction1 is among ! mo/ /rik+ ph5om5a ( ! "t2 & no less /rik+ is ! almo/ ov]:elm+ p]c5tage ( ! body ( libr>ians 9 ?is c\ntry ^: entrance ^u ! "w f a deep-seat$ love = x1 r ?an z furni%+ a means ( livelihood1 supplies "o ( ! /ronge/ gu>antees aga9/ ! invasion ( ! p]functory _s 9 ! future4 ,aga91 x is equally p]t95t to ask :e!r1 grant$ t ! b5efits ( su* an in/itution z ! public libr>y are unque/ion$1 dep5d5ce may n be plac$ on funds entirely unconnect$ ) ^? ( ! public1 = its support4 ,x w\ld ill become ! citiz5 ( a c\ntry :]e private munific5ce has accompli%$ s mu* 9 *annels ( public _s1 to ov]look ^! noble memorials ( enlight5$ private action4 ,yet x rema9s true1 nev]!less1 t 7 dep5d5ce to be plac$ on ^! alone1 a map ( ! c\ntry on :i* public libr>ies %\ld be dott$ d[n w\ld %[ z p>tial & inadequate a supply furni%$ to ! community1 z ! v in/ructive annual ra9fall map publi%$ by ! gov]nm5t %[s 9 ! matt] ( ra94 ,:at we are accu/om$1 9 ! ea/]n portion ( ?is c\ntry1 to consid] ! ra9--9 its univ]sal b5efic5t s]vice & 9 its indisp5sabl5ess--t also is to be associat$ ) ! res]voirs compris$ 9 ^! public collections ( books4 ,=1 aft] all1 valuable z are ! books !mselves1 ev5 9 _! mat]ial aspect1 z pieces ( h&iwork1 /ill m 9 ! specific items ( in=mation & admonition conta9$ 9 !m1 yet 9 ! deep] view ^! are b symbols ( _! real significance & s]vice4 ,to place "o's self 9 communication ) !m z conta9$ 9 ^! libr>ies1 is to br+ ourselves 9 contact ) ! /or$-up ?\ght ( ! _w ?us f>4 ,we h j adv]t$ to ! fundam5tal be>+ :i* ?is has ^u ! deep] or spiritual side ( man's life4 ,b ! two-sid$ "* ( ^! collections ( books foll[s u ev5 "h1 = _! indisp5sabl5ess 9 ! mat]ial po9t ( view is almo/ z /rik+1 & ?is1 n only :e!r we consid] ! /atesman plann+ measures ( public weal1 :ile neglect+ to in=m himself ( ! record$ conditions :i* necess>ily mu/ det]m9e su* measures2 or :e!r x be ! inv5tor sp5d+ long ye>s ( 8 too brief life 9 p]fect+ a ma*9e :i* 8 consultation ( ! record$ pat5t w\ld h %[n him "s "o else _h anticipat$ him 9 ?9k+ out2 or :e!r x be ! day labor] submitt+ )\t an ef=t to violations ( 8 rights1 :i* a s+le glance at ! record$ /atutes w\ld h %[n him he _h a rem$y =4 ,h[ l all ?is is to ! suppos$ /ate ( ?+s :i* "o ( ! mo/ sugge/ive writ]s ( our day has ?us express$3 ,our e>ly voyag]s are dead3 n a plank rema9s ( ! old %ips t fir/ essay$ unkn[n wat]s2 ! sea reta9s no track2 & 7 x n = ! hi/ory ( ^! voyages conta9$ 9 *>ts1 9 *ronicles1 9 ho>d$ lore ( all k9ds1 ea* voyag]1 ?\gh he 7 to />t ) all ! aids ( advanc$ civilization1 w\ld be 9 ! helpless position ( ! e>lie/ voyag]4 ,once m1 ea* read] ( ! /rongly writt5 book :i* we h be5 consid]+ %\ld ask ! "q = himself1 :e!r all ( ! v>i\s propositions ma9ta9$ !re9 necess>ily /& or fall toge!r4 ,because ! compil] has *os5 to bracket toge!r two su* head+s z ,free libr>ies & ,! /ate & electrical di/ribution1 x c]ta9ly does n foll[ t ! argum5t :i* c>ries conviction 9 ! "o case mu/ 9 ! o!r also4 ,we %all n be suspect$ ( hav+ our judgm5t 9 ?is reg>d sway$ by ! natural weakness ) :i*1 to use ,mr4 ,o',bri5's illu/ration1 ! %oemak] is incl9$ to ?9k t !re is no?+ l lea!r1 if we sugge/1 :at ! public at l>ge 9 ?is c\ntry is v pla9ly p]suad$ (1 t1 = "o p]son :o has appreciat$ ! ne$ = public action 9 ! latt] case !re are ?\s&s 9 ! =m]4 ,! writ] lives 9 a city 9 :i* = m ?an elev5 ye>s ! public libr>y 0 adm9i/]$ by funds n 9 ! lea/ degree d]iv$ f municipal appropriations4 ,yet ! "* ( its s]vice to ! public _h s widely impress$ itself ^u ! community t1 l>gely f s\rces outside ( ! libr>y bo>d1 a movem5t arose = recogniz+ ! clos5ess ( ! relation1 by public support4 ,a report by a committee ( ! city gov]nm5t1 recomm5d+ ?is c\rse1 significantly decl>es3 ,y\r committee are unanim\sly ( ! op9ion t ?is public libr>y1 already exi/+ 9 ! city1 is a useful & a necess>y adjunct to ! educational sy/em su/a9$ by ! city 9 its public s*ools1 & prop]ly appeals to ! treasury = an appropriation t[>ds its support4 ,aft] elev5 ye>s' opportunity = obs]vation & comp>ison1 su* a judgm5t z ?is has ! m]it ( delib]ation & conviction4 ,x is true t by f> ! great] "p ( ! consid]ations :i* lead ! pres5t writ] to f9d ,mr4 ,o',bri5's view unt5able are drawn f obs]vation & exp]i5ce ( conditions exi/+ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,yet x is to be not$ t 8 position is also conte/$1 s f> z ,great ,brita9 is conc]n$1 by an article 9 ! ,m>* numb] ( ,! ,libr>y 7( ,london71 :i* %[s1 n only t our ,engli% c\s9s are fully able to take c>e ( !mselves1 b also t on _m ( ! que/ions ( fact1 ab\t :i* 8 argum5ts turn1 he is pa9fully wide ( ! m>k4 ,few /ud5ts ( social conditions h left s notewor?y an impress on contempor>y ?\ght z ! late ,william ,/anley ,jevons4 ,( ! free public libr>y he held a view radically oppos$ to t ( ,mr4 ,o',bri51 believ+ x to be an eng9e = op]at+ ^u ! community1 9 ways at once protective & ennobl+4 ,z to ! univ]sality ( its b5efic5t s]vice1 he 0 equally conv9c$1 decl>+ n only t free libr>ies are eng9es = creat+ ! habit & p[] ( enjoy+ high-class lit]ature1 & ?us c>ry+ =w>d ! "w ( civilization :i* is comm5c$ 9 ! prim>y s*ool1 b also t !y are class$ ) t[n halls1 police c\rts1 prisons1 & poor-h\ses1 z necess>y adjuncts ( our /age ( civilization4 ,! exp]i5ce ( "o community or "o nation is repeat$ly s]viceable to ano!r2 b1 aft] all1 x is ! local conditions :i* mu/ f9ally det]m9e 9 any case4 ,ev5 if a diff]5t conclusion 7 to be rea*$ 9 ?is matt] 9 ,great ,brita91 x w\ld /ill rema9 true t = u 9 ,am]ica x is "o ( ! highe/ duties ( self-pres]vation to keep alive ! uplift+ influ5ces repres5t$ 9 ! public support ( ^! in/itutions4 ,! future ( ?is c\ntry1 ev5 m ?an its pa/1 w be irrevocably committ$ to ! democratic pr9ciple 9 gov]nm5t4 ,z is ! p--9 ! wide/ s5se ( ! ^w--s w be ! national life & "*4 ,9 ! future1 ev5 m ?an 9 ! pa/1 crudity1 n>r[ness1 well-mean+ ignorance1 & l[ /&>ds ( ta/e & e?ics w1 unless met ) corrective t5d5cies1 color our national life4 ,! public s*ool & ! public libr>y--in/rum5ts equal 9 p[] to ! ,dionysiac !atre1 & va/ly great] 9 _! range ( p[]1 to quote ! language ( "o ( ! mo/ ?\ghtful ( our m5 ( lett]s--w /& m & m1 9 our ,am]ican communities1 z su* corrective t5d5cies4 ,,public ,,libr>ies ,,& ,,! ,,public ,"o ( ! fir/ cle> /atem5ts ( ! ,public ,libr>y z a bus9ess ent]prise1 involv+ c]ta9 am\nts inve/$ by a city ) ! expectation ( c]ta9 def9ite returns4 ,! pap] ref]s p>ticul>ly to ! ,san ,francisco ,public ,libr>y1 ( :i* ! au?or1 ,fr$]ic ,bee*] ,p]k9s1 0 !n libr>ian b its conclusions are g5]al1 & hold good to-day4 ,x 0 read at ! ,lake ,george ,conf]5ce ( ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association1 9 ,septemb]1 #ahhe4 ,fr$]ic ,bee*] ,p]k9s 0 born 9 ,h>t=d1 ,conn41 ,sept4 #bg1 #ahbh1 a gr&son ( ,lyman ,bee*]4 ,he left ,yale 9 sophomore ye> to /udy law & 0 admitt$ to ! b> 9 #ahea1 b graduat$ at ! ,/ate ,normal ,s*ool 9 #aheb & devot$ himself to lit]>y & educational "w4 ,9 #ahhj-hg he 0 libr>ian ( ! ,san ,francisco ,public ,libr>y4 ,he di$ 9 ,morri/[n1 ,n4,j41 ,jan4 #bg1 #ahii4 ,he 0 ! fa!r ( ,*>lotte ,p]k9s ,gilman4 ,!re are 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ab\t #e1jjj public libr>ies ( #cjj volumes or m4 ,returns ( _! pres5t conditions are v imp]fect1 & mu/ !re=e be summ$ 9 ! foll[+ crude way3-- ,annual co/ mu* m ?an #a1ejj1jjj ,! books 9 !m are _m m ?an #ac1jjj1jjj ,books add$ ye>ly are _m m ?an #ejj1jjj ,books us$ ye>ly are _m m ?an #aj1jjj1jjj ,^! in/itutions1 !re=e1 repres5t a l>ge money inve/m5t1 & a v ext5sive & active educational ag5cy4 ,n all ( !m by any means are free public libr>ies1--i4e41 libr>ies support$ by taxes or end[m5ts = ! use ( all4 ,b a consid]able portion ( !m are4 ,x may n[ be ju/ly said t no t[n ( importance is respectably complete )\t a free public libr>y any m ?an any t[n :atev] )\t a s*ool4 ,! ,san ,francisco ,free ,public ,libr>y 0 f\nd$ 9 #ahgi1 & 0 advanc+ ) cr$itable spe$ t[>ds a size & usefulness correspond+ to ! position ( ,san ,francisco1 among ,am]ican cities1 until ! pres5t city gov]nm5t sudd5ly cut d[n its annual appropriation to b>e runn+ exp5ses1 leav+ no all[ance = buy+ new books1 or ev5 = replac+ old ones worn out4 ,?is libr>y is n a collection ( mummies ( deceas$ le>n+1 :i* w be no dri] 9 a ?\s& ye>s ?an !y are n[4 ,x has ?us f> consi/$ ( live books = live p4 ,b a libr>y ( ?is practically useful k9d1 if x /ops buy+ new books1 quickly becomes dead /ock1--unattractive1 obsolete1 useless4 ,9 belles-lettres1 lit]ature1 hi/ory1 me*anic arts1 eng9e]+1 appli$ sci5ce1 all alike1 x is equally indisp5sable to h ! new books4 ,! photograph]1 ! druggi/1 ! electrician1 ! ma*9i/1 ! manufactur+ *emi/1 z mu* z or m ?an ! read] ( novels1 poetry1 travels1 or hi/ory1 want ?is ye>'s discov]ies1 = la/ ye>'s are already obsolete4 ,next ye> x w n be ,mr4 ,bla9e's book t w be mo/ call$ =1--t w be a ye> old1--b ,g5]al ,grant's book4 ,b a ?\s& examples w\ld n make ! case cle>]4 ,?is prohibition ( new books1 p]haps on pret5ce ( economy1 w\ld be ! natural fir/ /ep ( %rewd oppon5ts int5d+ to close ! libr>y entirely z soon z ! books are dead en\gh4 ,x is girdl+ ! tree n[1 s z to de/roy x m e>ly next ye>4 ,x is und]/ood t at lea/ two prom95t memb]s ( ! pres5t city gov]nm5t 7,sup]visor ,pond & ,auditor ,/ro!r7 are di/9ctly oppos$ to ! libr>y1 & to free public libr>ies1 on pr9ciple4 ,x is n kn[n t any memb] ( x is a p>ticul>ly en]getic fri5d ( ! in/itution4 ,! libr>y /aff is small 9 numb] 7sev5 boys & eight adults72 ! sal>ies 7omitt+ ! libr>ian's7 exceptionally scanty1 & ev5 ?is small patronage & exp5diture is :olly controll$ by ! ,bo>d ( ,tru/ees1 & :olly out ( rea* ( ! ,bo>d ( ,sup]visors4 ,:5 ?is is rememb]$ x is easy to und]/& bo? ! probable firmness ( any opposition1 & ! probable lukew>mness ( any fri5d%ip to ! libr>y 9 ! latt] body4 ,?is is p]fectly natural4 ,all gov]n+ bodies try to keep & increase _! au?ority ov] p]sons & paym5ts4 ,!y nev] let g ( !m :5 !y c help x4 ,&1 accord+ly1 ! ,sup]visors insi/$ on controll+ all ! exp5diture & managem5t ( ! libr>y1 until a decision ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,/ate =c$ ! control out ( _! h&s4 ,:e!r ! actual clos+ ( ! libr>y is int5d$ or n1 ! obvi\s fir/ /ep t[>ds x has be5 tak51 & its clos+ w foll[ 9 due season1 if ! policy is cont9u$4 ,if ! vot]s ( ,san ,francisco *oose to h x s1 !re is no m to be said1 = x is _! libr>y4 ,probably !y c\ld lawfully divide up ! books among !mselves1 & s close out ! ent]prise4 ,! divid5d1 n[1 w\ld be n f> f "o volume to ea* h\sehold 9 ! city4 ,b1 if !y wi% ! libr>y to cont9ue1 ?is e>ly notice is due !m4 ,fur!r3 ! cu/om "h1 9 respect to ! cont5ts ( municipal public docum5ts1 prev5ts su* discussions ( libr>y que/ions z are usual 9 ! annual reports ( o!r city libr>ies2 s t1 if a view ( pr9ciples & practices 9 & ab\t su* in/itutions z a class1 & ( _! application 9 ?is in/ance1 is to be laid be=e ! public at all1 x mu/ be submitt$1 z 9 ?is pap]1 un(ficially4 ,! foll[+ table %[s ! f9ancial1 & "s ( ! lit]>y1 relations betwe5 public libr>ies & cities 9 ,san ,francisco1 9 f\r o!r l>ge cities1 & 9 six small cities4 ,! cases 7 tak5 promiscu\sly z !y came to h&1 ( ! late/ dates available1 b all are )9 a few ye>s4 ,new ,york has no free public libr>y2 movem5ts to e/abli% "o !re h repeat$ly be5 contemplat$1 b h be5 ab&on$1 because ! m5 :o c\ld h set up ! libr>y w\ld n enc\nt] ! practical c]ta9ty ( its becom+ "o m corruptioni/ eng9e 9 ! h&s ( ! city rul]s4 ,philadelphia has none1 = reasons n kn[n to ! pres5t writ]1 b1 v likely1 ! same z 9 ,new ,york4 ,/4 ,l\is has none n[1 al?\gh its excell5t ,public ,s*ool ,libr>y may1 v likely1 become "o4 ,new ,orleans has none1 app>5tly1 because x doesn't want any4 ,l\isville has none1 because ! devil _c set up a true *ur*2 ! enorm\s lott]y sw9dle :i* 0 work$ (f !re a few ye>s ago 0 o/5sibly to e/abli% & end[ "o1 b :]e did ! money g8 ,assess$ ,be+1 ,population ,value 9 ,:ole ,gives its ( ,cities 7#ahhj7 ,millions ,city ,libr>y :ole 7#ahhj7 ,tax tax ,bo/on #cfb1jjj #fac #g1bfa1gda #abj1jjj #a_/fj ,*icago #ejc1jjj #aah #c1ggf1dea #ed1ccj #a_/ge ,c9c9nati #bee1aci #afi #a_/c #d1jgj1bbe #di1jaf #a_/hb ,lynn #ch1bgd #bb #a_/b #ccb1dha #e1gcj #a_/eh ,milwaukee #aae1ehg #ee #c_/d #ijb1ecg #ag1fig #a_/ea ,new ,b$=d #bf1hge #be #c_/d #cij1bjh #e1adh #a_/gf ,newburyport #ac1ecg #g #a_/b #aje1fhf #a1ffa #a_/fd ,spr+field1 ,mass4 #cc1cdj #bi #a_/b #cjg1dcd #h1bca #a_/cg ,taunton #ba1bac #ae #c_/d #bac1iab #e1aie #a_/da ,worce/] #eh1bia #ci #a_/b #eeg1aic #ad1hfj #a_/ch ,san ,francisco #bcc1iei #bbe #b1beb1jjj #ah1jjj #a_/abe ,vols4 ,be+ ,& p] ,vols4 p] ,circulation p] #a4jj ,volumes ,cities 9 s\l p] ye> s\l ( add$ ,libr>y 7ab\t7 7ab\t7 sal>ies ye>ly ,bo/on #dch1eid #a #a_/e #a1jef1ijf #c #ad #af1dgh ,*icago #aaa1fba #a_/e #ffd1hfg #a #a_/c #bc #a_/d #e1bhj ,c9c9nati #aec1hgj #c_/e #gcj1edd #c #bf #a_/f #d1abj ,lynn #cb1jjf #d_/e #ij1ccj #b #a_/c #cf #a1bfd ,milwaukee #bd1dha #a_/e #hc1jeb #c_/d #af #b1ggh ,new ,b$=d #de1jjj #a #d_/e #ga1gih #c 444 #b1ddh ,newburyport #ag1hbh #a #a_/c 444 444 444 #dda ,spr+field1 ,mass4 #dh1hcb #a #a_/b #eg1aeb #a #c_/d #ad #c_/d #a1gig ,taunton #ba1aig #a #eh1ibj #b #i_/aj #ca #a_/b #a1iga ,worce/] #fa1bjd #a #aid1cba #c #a_/c #bf #f_/g #c1aje ,san ,francisco #fb1fdg #a_/d #cbf1jjj #a #a_/d #cf #cc1hhc ,,tn3 ,table split = text v]sion #c ,next ye> ,,none except gifts4 ,! six small cities tabulat$ are all 9 ,massa*usetts1 because ! late/ & fulle/ reports came to h& f !m4 ,( v>i\s comp>isons :i* c\ld be =mulat$ f ! above figures1 ! foll[+ are ! mo/ p]t95t n[3-- 7#a7 ,( ! five l>ge cities li/$1 ,bo/on1 ,*icago1 ,c9c9nati1 & ,milwaukee give f "o fifty-fir/ "p to "o eighty-second "p ( _! tax levies = _! libr>ies2 ,san ,francisco1 "o "o-hundr$ & tw5ty-fif? "p4 7#b7 ,( ! actual sums s set ap>t by ^! cities1 ,bo/on1 ) half z _m m p1 gives ne>ly sev5 times z mu*2 ,*icago1 ) twice z _m1 gives ?ree times z mu*2 ,c9c9nati1 ) "o-t5? m gives two & two-?irds times z mu*2 ,milwaukee1 ) "o-half z _m1 gives ne>ly z mu* 7#cjj less74 7#c7 ,accord+ly1 ,san ,francisco w\ld exp5d e ye> = its libr>y1 if x 7 z lib]al z ,bo/on1 ab\t #hd1jjj2 if z lib]al z ,*icago1 #bg1jjj2 & s on4 7#d7 ,! actual comp>ative size ( _! libr>ies is3 ,bo/on sev5 times z l>ge z ,san ,francisco2 ,*icago ne>ly twice2 ,c9c9nati twice & a half2 ,milwaukee only is small]1 be+ some:at m ?an "o-?ird z l>ge4 7#e7 ,! rate ( increase is3 f #af1dgh volumes a ye> at ,bo/on1 to #b1ggh at ,milwaukee2 & 9 ,san ,francisco1 = ! com+ ye> none 7= ! loss 9 worn-out volumes w m ?an equal any probable total ( gifts71 none at all4 7#f7 ,! numb] ( volumes circulat$ 9 a ye> = ea* doll> ( sal>ies paid is 9 ,san ,francisco m ?an twice z great z 9 ,bo/on or ,milwaukee1 & decid$ly l>g] ?an 9 ,*icago or ,c9c9nati4 ,x may be add$1 al?\gh ! figures are n 9 ?is table1 t a mu* m /rik+ evid5ce ( ! /r+5t economy ( ! libr>y adm9i/ration "h is ! fact t !re is paid at ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y 9 sal>ies1 9 ! catalog+ dep>tm5t alone1 )\t all[+ any?+ = pr9t+1 ne>ly z mu* z ! :ole ( ?is ye>'s libr>y appropriation by ! city ( ,san ,francisco4 7#g7 ,simil> comp>isons ) ! six small] cities li/$ w\ld give results g5]ally simil>1 b %[+ a /ill m lib]al rate p] head & doll> ( exp5diture = libr>ies4 ,9 addition to ?is exposition ( comp>ative p>simony a feature ( x %\ld be rememb]$ :i* might easily escape notice3 t1 :ile ! money = runn+ exp5ses is all gone at ! end ( ! ye>1 ne>ly all ( ! all[ance above runn+ exp5ses rema9s repres5t$ by valuable prop]ty4 ,?us1 if ! ye>'s all[ance = ?is libr>y _h be5 #bh1jjj1 in/ead ( #ah1jjj1 x w\ld n h co/ a c5t m to run ! libr>y & at ! ye>'s end ab\t #aj1jjj wor? ( books w\ld rema9 add$ to ! p]man5t prop]ty ( ! city4 ,ano!r result ( ?is policy is to prev5t pr9t+ any catalogue ( ! rec5t additions to ! libr>y2 s t !re is practically no access1 & !re w1 = ! pres5t1 cont9ue to be none1 ev5 = ! public :o own ! books1 to all additions to ?is libr>y s9ce ,june1 #ahhd1 be+ sev]al ?\s& titles4 ,x is ne$less to po9t out t if !re 7 to be ! hypo!sis ( an unfri5dly purpose ent]ta9$ aga9/ ! libr>y1 t purpose w\ld be s]v$ z directly by suppress+ ! names ( books 9 ! libr>y z by prev5t+ ! addition ( new ones1 or by ! replac+ ( ^? worn out4 ,^! brief /atem5ts suffici5tly %[ :at our city is do+1 & :at o!r cities are do+1 = or aga9/ public libr>ies4 ,x is n )9 ! scope ( ?is pap] to inquire aft] ! real reason = ! /op put to ! progress ( ! ,san ,francisco ,free ,public ,libr>y4 ,"o hypo!sis is1 t1 in/ead ( any unfri5dly int5tion aga9/ ! libr>y itself1 ! /ep 0 tak5 to help 9 p]suad+ ! public t ! doll> limit to ! rate ( city taxation is too l[1 & t our citiz5s mu/ submit to a high] rate4 ,z ! money sav$ is only #f1jjj1 ! economy is n great 9 itself1 be+ ab\t "o f\r-hundr$? "p ( ! city tax levy4 ,if ! propos$ effect 0 expect$ to be produc$ by cont9u\sly annoy+ & dissatisfy+ ! citiz5s !re is m reason 9 ! s*eme2 = ! libr>y is frequ5t$ by m ?an a ?\s& p]sons daily2 betwe5 #bf1jjj & #bg1jjj c>ds h be5 issu$ to au?orize ! home use ( books2 & !re are always at any giv5 mom5t f #e1ijj to #f1jjj volumes f ! libr>y 9 use 9 z _m homes all ov] ! city4 ,to inconv5i5ce & disoblige s l>ge a con/itu5cy z ?is may naturally produce "s effect4 ,?is pap] ne$ n attempt to decide :e!r t effect w\ld naturally be approval or disapproval ( ! treatm5t ( ! libr>y1 en?usiasm 9 favor (1 or aga9/1 ! propos$ increase ( taxation1 unpopul>ity or popul>ity ( ! in/itution itself1 or ( ^? ^: action s effectually cripples its usefulness4 ,nor w x discuss ! /ill l>g] "q ( ! doll> limit itself1#d h[ev] decisively important all ^! inquiries are = ! future ( ! libr>y1 & h[ev] int]e/+ & cle> ! argum5ts & conclusions on ^? subjects may be4 ,b :at x may prop]ly d is1 to /ate1 )\t any pret5ce ( novelty1 b simply 9 ord] to refre% ! public memory1 ! *ief heads ( a doctr9e ( h] public libr>ies f a practical po9t ( view4 ,fir/ 7to limit ! discussion74 ,:at a free public libr>y is n =4 ,x is n = a nurs]y2 a lun*-room2 a b$-room2 a place = meet+ a girl 9 a corn] & talk+ to h]2 a conv]sation-room ( any k9d2 a free disp5s>y ( /ation]y1 envelopes1 & lett]-writ+2 a free range = loit]]s2 a campaign+ field = m5dicants1 or = display+ adv]tisem5ts2 a haunt = loaf]s & crim9als4 ,inde$1 n to specify ) inelegant di/9ctness1 a free public libr>y1 l any o!r simil>ly commodi\s place ( free public resort1 w\ld1 if p]mitt$1 be us$ = any purpose :atev]1 no matt] h[ private or h[ vici\s1 :i* c\ld be s]v$ !re m conv5i5tly ?an by go+ to "o's own home1 or ?an by hav+ any home at all4 ,x w\ld be s us$ sy/ematically1 con/antly1 & to a degree ( intol]able nuisance2 & its purification f su* uses1 if !y h be5 set up1 w be met ) clamor1 abuse1 & ) any degree & k9d ( ev5 viol5t resi/ance :i* may be ?\ght safe1 or likely to succe$4 ,let x n be suppos$ t ?is is an imag9>y picture4 ,x is 9 e po9t tak5 f actual & num]\s in/ances1 & c\ld be illu/rat$ by a suffici5tly ridicul\s s]ies ( s+le adv5tures1 by any libr>ian ( l>ge exp]i5ce4 ,op5 public premises = "s ( ! purposes above specifi$ might conceivably be prop]ly suppli$ by ! public4 ,:at is "h affirm$ is1 t public libr>ies are n at pres5t prop] = !m4 #d ,san ,francisco is at pres5t tax$ on a precise scale ( "o doll> to ! hundr$ doll>s ( value1 & on an annual total valuation ( #bjj1jjj1jjj1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 9 practice some:at1 b n l>gely1 exce$$4 ,second4 ,:at su* a libr>y is =4 ,its fir/ object is to supply books to p]sons wi%+ to improve _! k ( _! occupations4 ,su* books z ,ni*olson's1 ,burns'1 ,riddell's1 ,tr$gold's1 ,dwy]'s1 ,w>+'s1 ,holly's1 & o!rs1 on practical ar*itecture1 build+1 or dep>tm5ts ( !m2 ! num]\s collections ( plans & details ( dome/ic & o!r ar*itecture2 ,masury's h\se-pa9t+2 ,kittr$ge's metal-work]'s patt]n-book2 ,p]cy's1 ,phillips'1 & o!r books on metallurgy & m9+2 ,dussance1 ,piesse1 & o!rs on soap-mak+1 p]fum]y1 & o!r bran*es ( appli$ *emi/ry2 ,lock on sug>-ref9+2 _m manuals ( brew+ & di/ill+2 ,noad1 ,hospitali]1 ,preece1 etc41 on applications ( electricity2 ,burgh's1 ,rop]'s1 & o!r h&-books & m advanc$ works on /eam eng9e]+ g5]ally1 locomotives1 m>9e eng9es1 etc42 ,gaskell's1 ,hill's1 & o!r bus9ess manuals2 h&-books ( correspond5ce1 book-keep+1 phonography2 9 %ort1 text-books1 bo? elem5t>y & advanc$1 9 all sorts ( comm]cial & indu/rial occupations1 are ( ! fir/ importance 9 a free public libr>y1 & are con/antly & eag]ly us$ 9 ?is "o4 ,! /udy ( su* books puts money directly into ! /ud5t's pocket1 promotes 8 success 9 life1 & ! prosp]ity ( ! city4 ,a good & active public libr>y raises ! value ( e piece ( real e/ate 9 ! city1 by ?us mak+ ! city m pr(itable 79 doll>s7 to live 92 because x enables ! intellig5t & /udi\s to e>n m4 ,second 9 importance is ! supply ( books to ^? :o wi% to acquire or pursue an education1 or to complete or cont9ue a k ( g5]al lit]ature2 &1 ?ird1 ! accommodation ( /ud5ts work+ out special l9es ( rese>*4 ,f\r?4 ,su* is ! m solid usefulness ( a public libr>y4 ,! re/ ( its di/ribut+ "w1 :atev] its intr9sic usefulness1 is at lea/ z indisp5sable1 & is always num]ically ! mo/ popul>4 ,?is is ! supply ( light lit]ature to read]s = re/ or amusem5t4 ,:e!r books ( ?is class con/itute "o-half ! libr>y or 7z 9 ?is "o7 "o-t5? ( x1 x may be dep5d$ on t f "o-half to f\r-fif?s ( all ! read+ done w be done f t "p4 ,! ju/ification ( ! supply ( su* books by a free public libr>y is1 t x is important also1 if n likewise1 to af=d m5tal relaxation1 z x is to fe$ m5tal ef=t2 t ev5 light read+ is a v important improvem5t ov] & safe-gu>d f /reet life & saloon life2 t su* books introduce to a m useful class ( books by =m+ ! habit ( read+2 & t ! public1 :o pay = ! libr>y1 *oose to h books ( ?is sort z mu* z1 if n ev5 r m ?an1 ! m useful sort4 ,fif?4 ,!re is ano!r dep>tm5t ( usefulness = public libr>ies1 q unkn[n until )9 a few ye>s1 :i* makes !m actual & vital memb]s ( ! public-s*ool sy/em1 & additionally ju/ifies ! t]m ,p's ,univ]sities1 :i* has (t5 be5 appli$ to !m4 ,?is is ! arrangem5t at ! libr>y ( c\rses ( illu/rative /udy & read+ = tea*]s or pupils1 or bo?4 ,a s]ies ( su* books z relate to "o or ano!r "p ( ! s*ool c\rse is laid out at ! libr>y2 ! tea*]s1 & p]haps sometimes "o ( ! high] classes1 exam9e !m along ) ! libr>ian1 & su* in=mation z !y af=d is us$ to fill out & illu/rate ! outl9e 9 ! s*ool-book = ! full] in=mation ( ! pupils4 ,?is practice is p]haps easie/ 9 hi/ory & geography4 ,x is easy to see h[ a capable tea*] c\ld int5sify ! int]e/ & enri* ! m9ds ( a class ab\t ! geography ( ! ,ea/ ,indian ar*ipelago1 by introduc+ !m to ! vivid n>rative & abundant illu/rations ( ,wallace's mo/ ent]ta9+ & in/ructive book on t region4 ,h[1 = in/ance1 ,palgrave's ,ye> 9 ,arabia1 ,palm]'s ,des]t ( ! ,exodus1 ,lady ,duff ,gordon's ,lett]s f ,egypt1 ,o',donovan's ,m]v ,oasis1 ,atk9son's & ,k5nan's books on ,sib]ia1 ,huc's ,travels 9 ,t>t>y & 9 ,*9a1 & hundr$s ( o!r books1 ea* = its locality1 all ov] ! _w1 c\ld be us$ to give a *ild cle> notions & /rong impressions ( savage or civiliz$ l&scapes & p4 ,x is n too mu* to say t ! /udy ( geography 9 ! public s*ools ( ,san ,francisco1 illu/rat$ z x c\ld easily be f books ( travel n[ 9 ! public libr>y1 c\ld be made f beg9n+ to end z fasc9at+ z any romance1 :ile x w\ld /ore ! *ildr5's m9ds ) a k9d & quantity ( di/9ct k ab\t ! e>? & its p z mu* beyond ! results ( ord9>y geographical /udy z gold is bett] ?an mud4 ,x w\ld be easy to furni% simil> specifications = ! /udy ( hi/ory1 ( natural sci5ce1 & o!r bran*es4 ,?is is no m]e speculation4 ,?is sy/em ( in/ruction is regul>ly practis$ by ,mr4 ,gre51 ( ! ,worce/] ,free ,libr>y 7! orig9ator & pione] 9 x72 by ,mr4 ,poole at ,*icago1 & else:]e1 & ) complete success4 ,besides its imm$iate result 9 vivify+ & enri*+ ! pupil's m9ds1 ?is me?od af=ds a tra9+ 9 habits ( read+ ( ! v be/ k9d1 by tea*+ rese>*1 ! habit ( select+ books1 & ! practice ( comp>ative ?9k+4 ,to sum up3 ,a free public libr>y-- #a4 ,z to mann]s--is a p>lor1 n a b>-room2 a place :]e n only work+ m5 & bus9ess m51 b ladies & "y girls c safely & conv5i5tly come & abide4 ,:ile n expressly a s*ool ( mann]s & morals1 x is mu* & closely conc]n$ 9 ma9ta9+ a high /&>d 9 bo?4 #b4 ,z to objects--is to furni% good books1 n bad ones2 to satisfy )9 ?is limit all dem&s on x z f> z may be2 & 9 p>ticul> to be progressive2 t is1 to supply = intellig5t read]s :at !y mo/ require1--! new good books4 #c4 ,z to me?od--%\ld keep ! books 9 ! be/ possible condition = ! longe/ possible t]m ( use1 & %\ld n all[ !m to be scatt]$1 lo/1 abus$1 mutilat$1 or /ol54 ,la/ly4 ,x is ne$less to add1 "u ^! heads1 any ( ! num]\s te*nical details :i* cr[d ! "w ( an active libr>y2 b ?is exposition w\ld be inexcusably imp]fect )\t a ref]5ce to ! absolute indisp5sabl5ess ( prop] qu>t]s 9 ord] to successful libr>y adm9i/ration4 ,only ! m]e/ ref]5ce ne$ n[ be made to ! pr(essional immorality ( notori\s localities close ar\nd ?is libr>y 9 its pres5t place4 ,some?+ m may be said ( ! unbus9esslike paym5t by ! city ( a heavy insurance on #ej1jjj wor? ( its prop]ty1 :i* mu/ be paid1 because ! libr>y is 9 ! same build+ ) a !atre4 ,!atres burn d[n on an av]age once 9 sev5te5 ye>s2 & a !atre risk1 al?\gh n absolutely un9surable l a gunp[d] mill1 is :at insurance m5 call extra haz>d\s2 s t n only is ! insurance rate high1 b ! de/ruction by fire ( ! libr>y 79 its pres5t location7 may be look$ ^u z c]ta91 ! only "q be+1 ,h[ soon8 ,a difficulty less obvi\s & less dang]\s1 b /ill a s\rce ( con/ant friction & annoyance1 is ! pres5t arrangem5t ( ! libr>y z "o collection1 ) b "o place = deliv]+ books4 ,9 a small libr>y1 ) a small bus9ess1 ?is difficulty becomes no?+2 b 9 "o z l>ge & z en]getically active z ?is x is a s]i\s disadvantage4 ,su* a libr>y imp]atively requires division into two libr>ies or sections1 "o to conta9 all books deliv]able )\t discrim9ation2 ! o!r1 all books call+ = special c>e & precaution ( any k9d4 ,! receipt & deliv]y desks ( ^! two sections %\ld be sep>ate1 & be=e & beh9d !m !re %\ld be pl5ty ( room4 ,9 ! pres5t libr>y1 :i* is 9 "o l>ge undivid$ hall1 ! space is insuffici5t1 bo? = ! public & = ! libr>y /aff2 & books ( ! two classes above describ$ are int]m+l$ all ov] ! %elves4 ,! result is1 cr[d+1 int]ruption1 delay1 error1 confusion1 & dissatisfaction4 ,v _m books might be tru/$ ) a /udi\s me*anic or a lit]>y /ud5t :i* x w\ld be a folly to deliv] into ! h&s ( a small boy or girl4 ,_m o!r extremely desirable objects w\ld be ga9$ by ! occupancy ( prop]ly arrang$ libr>y qu>t]s2 b ( ^! only two ne$ be m5tion$ "h2 sep>ate qu>t]s c\ld be provid$ = /ud5ts :o ne$ special facilities & assi/ance1 & !re c\ld be su* arrangem5ts t ladies us+ ! libr>y ne$ n cr[d & /ruggle ab\t among impati5t *ildr5 & miscellane\s mascul9e /rang]s4 ,,! ,,levy ,,( ,,libr>y ,,tribute ,! above title 0 con/ruct$ by ! editor f a s5t5ce 9 ! presid5tial address ( ,h5ry ,m4 ,utley be=e ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association at its ,d5v] conf]5ce ( #ahie4 ,presid5t ,utley himself gave x no title1 b x is an exam9ation ( ! claims ( ! libr>y to public support1 ) a conclusion t ^? claims are ju/ifi$ only by reg>d+ ! libr>y z an educational in/itution1 us+ ?is t]m 9 its broade/ s5se4 ,h5ry ,munson ,utley 0 born at ,plym\?1 ,mi*41 ,aug4 #e1 #ahcf4 ,he s]v$ on ! /aff ( ! ,detroit ,free ,press 9 #ahfa-ff1 0 city editor ( ! ,po/ & ,po/-,tribune until #ahha1 & !n1 aft] hold+ ! secret>y%ip ( ! ,detroit ,bo>d ( ,education1 became 9 #ahhe libr>ian ( ! ,public ,libr>y1 9 :i* po/ he s]v$ until 8 dea? on ,feb4 #af1 #aiag1 becom+ libr>ian em]itus 9 #aiac4 ,we are met = ! sev5te5? ,conf]5ce ( ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association 9 ! ,capital city ( ! ,c5t5nial ,/ate4 ,x is a pleas+ co-incid5ce t ! ,association & ! ,/ate celebrate ! same natal ye>4 ,)9 ! memory ( "s ( u ! :ole region ( :i* ?is city is n[ ! metropolis 0 a wild]ness4 ,! c5tury 0 fairly begun :5 ,lieut4 ,pike l$ 8 little b& to ! s\rces ( ! ,arkansas & made 8 futile attempt to scale ! l(ty peak :i* n[ be>s 8 "n4 ,=ty ye>s lat] came ! explorations ( ,fremont1 & !n fifte5 ye>s elaps$ be=e ! tide ( immigration set 94 ,! des]t ( t day has be5 conv]t$ into prosp]\s f>ms4 ,?riv+ t[ns h sprung up 9 ! m\nta9 fa/nesses1 at ! gateway to :i* sits ?is ,que5 ,city ( ! pla9s1 display+ all ! evid5ces ( weal?1 culture1 & ref9em5t to be f\nd 9 ! pr\d cities to ! ea/w>d4 ,?is rapid & wond]ful trans=mation has be5 ! "w ( human h&s guid$ by intellig5t bra9s & an indomitable _s ( pluck & p]sev]ance4 ,we are accu/om$ to ?9k ( ?is comb9ation z purely ,am]ican4 ,9 _m ( its *>act]i/ics x c]ta9ly is s4 ,& 9 no respect m di/9ctively s ?an 9 ! cause 9 :i* we are mo/ int]e/$4 ,n all ! old] commonweal?s1 ev5 on ?is side ( ! ,atlantic1 h yet accept$ ! !ory t ! education ( ! citiz5 is ! conc]n ( ! /ate4 ,b 9 all ?is new] portion ( our c\ntry ?is doctr9e has be5 incorporat$ into ! fundam5tal law4 ,! ord9ance ( #aghg = ! gov]nm5t ( ! t]ritory nor?we/ ( ! ,ohio riv] decl>$ t = obvi\s reasons s*ools & ! means ( education %all be =ev] enc\rag$4 ,! tw5ty /ates n[ organiz$ )9 ?is & ! subsequ5tly acquir$ t]ritory to ! we/w>d h all accept$ to ! fulle/ ext5t ! doctr9e ( ! ord9ance4 ,!y h n only c>ri$ x into practical effect by g5]al laws provid+ = free public s*ools = *ildr51 = univ]sities & in/itutions ( high] le>n+ = ! education ( y\?1 b h also provid$ = ! e/abli%m5t & ma9t5ance ( free public libr>ies at ! g5]al exp5se & = ! common use ( all ! p4 ,let u consid] v briefly ! !ory ^u :i* ! /ate assumes to levy tribute ^u ! prop]ty ( individuals to provide means = ma9ta9+ libr>ies4 ,by :at "r does ! /ate tax ! man ( weal? to put miscellane\s books into ! h&s ( ! man :o pays no tax8 ,s f> z prim>y education is conc]n$1 ! basis seems cle>4 ,! free /ate :i* dep5ds = its v exi/5ce ^u ! intellig5ce ( ! masses ( its citiz5s mu/1 z a measure ( self-def5se1 provide ! facilities by :i* all may become intellig5t4 ,self-pres]vation is ! supreme/ natural law4 ,:atev] has a "r to exi/ has a "r to d t :i* is necess>y to pres]ve its exi/5ce4 ,! free /ate :i* re/s on ! suffrage ( its citiz5s is b\nd 9 duty to itself to see to x t popul> education1 :i* is ess5tial to its p]petuity1 is univ]sal4 ,ignorant m5 are n compet5t to take c>e ( !mselves & _! h\seholds1 /ill less to direct ! de/9ies ( an empire4 ,! /ate has1 !re=e1 ! "r1 n only to provide ! means ( education1 b to compel education4 ,laws are 9 =ce :i* require c]ta9 att5dance ^u ! s*ools4 ,^! re/ on ! !ory t ! int]e/ ( ! /ate 9 ! education ( ! individual surpasses t ( ! individual1 & !re=e1 ! /ate _c1 9 ju/ice to itself1 treat education purely z a matt] ( individual conc]n4 ,x is a notori\s fact t ! av]age p]son does n p]ceive ! importance ( self-cultivation4 ,z ! v9ey>d left to itself is soon *ok$ out ) we$s & *app>all1 s man if left to himself lapses naturally into 8 primitive condition4 ,! /ate _c leave him to himself1 b mu/ int]pose to make x c]ta9 t he acquires ! be/ degree ( in=mation :i* 8 natural abilities & ! "t n necess>y to 8 self-support %all p]mit4 ,nei!r c ! /ate leave ! matt] ( provid+ facilities & inducem5ts to education to private ent]prise1 nor to ! *ur*1 :i* has be5 ! =emo/ ( all organizations to appreciate its importance4 ,:ile ! /ate recognizes ^! ag5cies & accepts !m z satisfactory1 s f> z !y g1 x nev]!less fully equips s*ools ( its own1 9 pursuance ( its inh]5t "r & duty1 :i* _c be rel9qui%$ to any o!r ag5cy4 ,! ext5t to :i* ! /ate %all g 9 ! matt] ( educat+ its citiz5s has be5 ! subject ( mu* discussion4 ,!re are ^? :o ma9ta9 t z ! education ( ! individual proce$s 8 conc]n 9 8 own developm5t increases1 until f9ally1 if 8 education proce$s f> en\gh1 8 conc]n 9 8 own developm5t surpasses t ( ! /ate1 & he mu/ !nce=? be left to equip himself entirely at 8 own exp5se4 ,if t po9t is m>k$ by ! l9e betwe5 prim>y & second>y1 or betwe5 second>y & high] education1 !re is :]e ! /ate is 9 duty b\nd to /op4 ,! ext5t ( ! int]e/ ( ! community z comp>$ ) t ( ! individual is held to gr[ less & less & f9ally to disappe> z he advances4 ,b ! bett] judgm5t ( our "t repudiates ?is !ory1 & holds app>5tly t !re is no limit to ! conc]n ( ! /ate 9 ! m5tal progress ( ! individual4 ,ian ,macl>5 9 8 t\*+ /ory ( ,domsie quotes ,john ,knox z say+3 ,ilka s*ol> is some?+ add$ to ! ri*es ( ! commonweal?4 ,x c probably be demon/rat$ by ! rules ( acc\nts t z a bus9ess inve/m5t ! /ate is wisely sp5d+ money 9 ! education ( ! p4 ,! co/ is m ?an return$ to x 9 ! mat]ial developm5t :i* an enlight5$ citiz5%ip ensures4 ,if we contra/ our own c\ntry1 :]e education is free1 ) "s old] c\ntries :]e x is yet held to be a matt] ( m9or conc]n1 or if we contra/ "s ( ! /ates ( ?is republic ) o!rs ( correspond+ age1 we %all see at a glance a wide diff]5ce 9 mat]ial res\rces & prosp]ity4 ,9 "o ! indu/rial arts are f> advanc$1 !re is intellectual activity1 ! av]age citiz5 is well clo!d1 well h\s$1 & enjoys _m luxuries2 9 ! o!r1 ! me?ods & life ( a pa/ c5tury prevail & pov]ty & ill-liv+ are ! rule4 ,?is1 if n ! highe/ motive1 is an incid5tal "o ( consid]able importance = do+ at ! common exp5se t :i* is = ! common good4 ,b ! ma9t5ance ( ! public libr>y is n bas$ on ! communi/ic idea4 ,a =m] presid5t ( ?is association1 speak+ at ! ,lake ,george ,conf]5ce1 said3 ,! sociali/s & communi/s are all fri5ds ( ! libr>y1 = we give !m ! books !y want1 & !y hold t x is n only ! duty ( ! gov]nm5t to educate ! p1 b to furni% !m ) read+4 ,if ! libr>y ev] %all h enemies !y w be ! ri*1 :o d n enjoy be+ tax$ = ! b5efit ( ! public1 & h libr>ies ( _! own4 ,its def5d]s w be m5 ( broad views1 s*ol>ly p1 & beh9d !m1 ) votes1 ! middle & poor] classes4 ,:ile x may be true1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 t sociali/s & communi/s approve ! public libr>y because x appe>s to give !m some?+ :i* !y desire at ! public co/1 t s*eme1 on its true gr\nd1 is z f> remov$ z possible f any su* !ory ( ma9t5ance by ! /ate4 ,! ess5tial pr9ciple ( communism is t ! memb]s ( ! community %all hold _! prop]ty 9 common = ! common use & b5efit4 ,?is pr9ciple fl\ri%$ 9 ! village community 9 :i* ea* individual 0 allott$ 8 c]ta9 proportion ( ! l&s own$ 9 common4 ,!re are at ?is day a sporadic few :o advocate gov]nm5t own]%ip ( railroads1 & "s w\ld ev5 include all ! great in/rum5talities ( comm]ce & production4 ,b ! rational majority hold t ! /ate ( society is be/ :i* makes ! individual a free & indep5d5t memb] ( ! community4 ,8 ambitions & en]gies are be/ /imulat$ by 8 opportunities to prosp] = himself4 ,civilization & enlight5m5t are advanc$ by ! ef=ts ( ! ma/] spirits ( ! race4 ,! only dem& :i* ! individual c ju/ly make on ! community1 ) its gov]nm5t z ! common ag5t ( all1 is t x %all n m]ely protect him 9 8 rights z a free & indep5d5t citiz51 b t x %all assure him ! opportunities = ! fulle/ ex]cise ( 8 tal5ts1 & %all also1 z a measure ( common int]e/1 provide ! facilities = 8 v highe/ m5tal equipm5t4 ,9 ?is latt] s]vice ( ! /ate !re is no?+ :atev] ( ! communi/ic idea4 ,! public libr>y is n a public *>ity4 ,!re may be "s :o reg>d x z 9 ! nature ( a free s\p-h\se :i* cat]s to ! appetite = m5tal pabulum m or less :olesome4 ,mo/ communities make "s provision = ^? :o are m5tally or physically unfitt$ to c>e = !mselves & :o h no e/ate nor natural relations ^u :om !y c rely = support4 ,s ! /ate builds & ma9ta9s hospitals & alm%\ses4 ,?is x does simply z a duty ( humanity4 ,! in/9cts ( ! race & ! tea*+s ( an enlight5$ civilization assure u t a univ]sal bro!rhood makes all human creatures k94 ,z individuals we owe a c]ta9 duty to all o!r individuals1 & z organiz$ society we mu/ see to x t ! welf>e ( all is cons]v$4 ,b !re is no duty ( k9dness or good-w :i* requires ! furni%+ ( read+ matt] = ! use ( ! :ole community4 ,! public libr>y is n provid$ = ! m]e intellectual enjoym5t ( ! citiz5s4 ,! municipal corporation uses public funds to buy & beautify p>ks & b\lev>ds4 ,! purpose ( ^! is to promote ! public heal? & com=t1 & incid5tally to cultivate ! ae/hetic s5se4 ,! /ate has a direct int]e/ 9 ! heal? ( its citiz5s4 ,x mu/ rely on _! physical /r5g? = def5se 9 "t ( p]il or invasion4 ,!re=e x mu/ h a c>e t _! physical welf>e is promot$4 ,:olesome food1 g5tle ex]cise1 a *e]ful & cont5t$ m9d1 h mu* to d ) s\ndness ( body1 & s food-inspection & op5-air recreation are ju/ifi$ at ! common exp5se4 ,art-museums & public conc]ts are sometimes ma9ta9$ out ( ! g5]al treasury4 ,! only basis on :i* ?is exp5se c be ju/ifi$ is t _! purpose is educational4 ,! welf>e ( ! /ate dep5ds n alone on ! ability ( its citiz5s to m]ely read & write & solve problems 9 simple ari?metic4 ,our nature is _m-sid$ & its full & p]fect developm5t mu/ be s\ght 9 _m directions4 ,! ae/hetic is n less real ?an ! practical4 ,! f9] qualities ( ! m9d h weightly influ5ce ^u national progress & de/9y4 ,! /ate has a "r to d = its citiz5s ! ?+s :i* w be/ s]ve its ultimate int]e/s4 ,univ]sities & high] in/itutions ( le>n+ ma9ta9$ at public co/ n[ tra9 ^? :o h ! means & opportunities to take advantage ( _! curricula = ! mo/ advanc$ degrees1 & ?r\gh _! po/-graduate c\rses (f] facilities = sp5d+ ! good "p ( a lifetime 9 ! imm$iate pursuit ( k4 ,b 9 ! nature ( ?+s ! numb] ( ^? :o c give "t to ^! high] c\rses is limit$4 ,! argum5t has sometimes be5 employ$ aga9/ high s*ools & univ]sities t !y are ma9ta9$ at great co/ = ! use ( a comp>atively trifl+ portion ( ! community4 ,/ati/ics are quot$ to %[ t ( ! :ole numb] ( *ildr5 9 ! prim>y grades less ?an #be p] c5t4 g ?r\gh ! gramm> grades1 & t ( ! small numb] :o ent] ! high s*ool grades h>dly "o 9 t5 f9i%es !m1 :ile ( ^! b an inf9itesimal numb] g on to & ?r\gh ! univ]sity4 ,x is n due to lack ( capacity :olly1 or lack ( int]e/1 t s _m /ud5ts fall by ! wayside1 b ma9ly to ! fact t _! s]vices are necess>y 9 ! productive *annels ( bus9ess4 ,yet1 9 spite ( ! comp>atively few :o are able to take advantage ( !m1 ! /ate consid]s x a duty to fo/]1 & ! community *e]fully be>s ! burd5 ( ma9ta9+1 ! high] in/itutions ( le>n+1 because ! b5efits :i* !y conf] are easily recogniz$4 ,to comp5sate 9 "s degree ^? :o are n able to pursue 9 organiz$ in/itutions /udies untimely /opp$ by ! necessities ( active life1 ! community provides ! free libr>y4 ,?is is ! p's univ]sity1 close to ! door ( e citiz51 9 :i* all :o h ! incl9ation & en]gy to d s may pursue ?r\gh _! :ole lives ! /udies :i* mo/ int]e/ !m4 ,! function ( ! public libr>y is purely & :olly educational4 ,9 ?is case ! t]m is to be con/ru$ 9 its mo/ compreh5sive s5se4 ,x does n m]ely include developm5t ( ! intellect2 x involves all ! v>i$ human relations4 ,we owe duties to our ,mak]1 to ourselves1 to ^? :o are dep5d5t ^u u1 to our neighbors1 to society1 & to ! /ate4 ,9 all ^! delicate & intricate relations we mu/ be taught1 & z ! _w advances1 our civilization becomes m complex & our relations m involv$1 ! "* & quality ( our education becomes ! m important4 ,! s*ool & ! college h m]ely laid ! f\ndation4 ,if !y h done _! full duty !y h done little m ?an set ! /ud5t on ! high road4 ,! sequel re/s ) himself4 ,! public libr>y puts into 8 h&s books1 :i* conta9 ! comb9$ wisdom & exp]i5ce ( all :o h gone be=e1 & :]e9 are pres]v$ ! be/ ?\ghts ( ! be/ m5 & wom5 ( all "t4 ,!y :o pass judgm5t ^u :at %all & :at %all n be admitt$ to ! %elves ( a public libr>y mu/ be> 9 m9d t1 /rictly con/ru+ ! function ( ! libr>y to be educational1 !re is yet v wide latitude 9 respect to ! ?+s :i* p may safely & wisely le>n4 ,9 ?is aspect ( ! case1 ^? :o are *>g$ ) ! managem5t & control ( libr>ies h impos$ ^u !m a v grave responsibility4 ,!y are n m]ely ! cu/odians ( ! books :i* ! public purse has b\ght2 !y are commission$ to guide 9 ! pa? ( highe/ progress4 ,9 ?is light1 ! function ( ! libr>ian assumes ! halo ( a holy (fice4 ,he :o dis*>ges x e>ne/ly & fai?fully may d mu* to help =w>d ! enlight5m5t ( 8 g5]ation4 ,! sum ( ! :ole /atem5t1 briefly1 is ?is3 ,!re is no limit to ! conc]n ( ! free /ate 9 ! education ( its citiz5s4 ,x is z mu* b\nd to provide libr>ies 9 :i* ! adult may cont9ue 8 /udies z x is to ma9ta9 s*ools 9 :i* z a *ild he may beg9 !m4 ,! day is n di/ant :5 ?is duly w be univ]sally recogniz$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,9 mo/ ( ! /ates compulsory education laws prevail4 ,9 at lea/ "o1 e t[n is requir$ by law to e/abli% & ma9ta9 a free public libr>y4 ,9 ?is respect1 ,new ,hamp%ire is only lead+ ! way 9 :i* o!rs w %ortly foll[4 ,!n organiz$ society c tru?fully say to ! individual1 9 ! language ( ,pr(essor ,h(fman 9 8 ,sph]e ( ! ,/ate3 ,we h done :at we c\ld to develop & /r5g!n all y\r p[]s4 ,we h taught y to ! be/ ( our ability to "k y\rself & to und]/& y\r relations to y\r fell[s4 ,n[1 s long z y conduct y\rself z a *ild ( ! day & n ( ! night1 all ! rights & privileges ( ! bro!rhood are y\rs4 ,b if y *oose to walk 9 ! d>kness r ?an 9 ! light1 if y trample "u foot our laws1 if y raise y\r h& aga9/ e man1 let ! curse ( y\r wrong do+ fall ^u y\r own head1 n on ours4 ,,alt]natives ,,to ,,tax-,,support ,9 ! case ( a public libr>y1 t is1 ( "o int5d$ to be us$ by all ! memb]s ( ! community1 z di/+ui%$ f a subscription libr>y1 alt]natives to public support h usually be5 9 ! nature ( exp$i5ts to tide matt]s ov] until ! libr>y c\ld be turn$ ov] to ! municipality4 ,! next two pap]s are e>ly discussions ( "s ( ^! alt]natives4 ,,if ,,n ,a ,,tax-,,support$ ,,libr>y1 ,,:at8 ,! foll[+ pap] contribut$ anonym\sly to ,! ,i[a ,libr>y ,qu>t]ly 7,des ,mo9es1 ,april1 #aijc7 tells h[ local libr>y associations h be5 =m$ 9 t /ate1 9 small t[ns :]e public support1 = ! mom5t1 has be5 deem$ impossible or inadvisable4 ,! fact t a majority ( ! /ates ( ! ,union h by legal enactm5t provid$ = free public libr>ies support$ by tax indicates ! g5]al acceptance ( ! belief t su* an in/itution is = ! public good & its support z an educational in/itution is z desirable z ! support ( ! public s*ools4 ,m & m has x come to be recogniz$ t if ! ideals & aspirations ( y\? are to be ar\s$ & direct$ e>ly 9 life by ! read+ ( inspir+ books1 ! /ate may well fo/] ?is in/itution :i* provides su* lit]ature4 ,! ,code ( ,i[a provides t t[ns & cities %all h p[] to provide = ! f\ndation & ma9t5ance ( a free public libr>y by vot+ ^u ! "q1 ,%all a free public libr>y be e/abli%$ at a g5]al or special election1 & fur!r provid+ t a tax n exce$+ two mills on ! doll> ( ! taxable valuation ( su* city or t[n may be levi$ = its support4 ,?is places ! libr>y on a firm foot+ z a public educational in/itution1 ev5 ?\gh its income f ! tax may be small4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "s t[ns 9 ! /ate t f9d x impossible or unwise at pres5t to secure ?is support ( ! libr>y by a tax & h5ce !y ask1 ,if n a free public libr>y support$ by tax1 :at %all we attempt8 ,?is inquiry is practical4 ,! desire is e>ne/ 9 _m places to support a libr>y by "s o!r means ?an a tax until su* "t z s5tim5t w be /rong en\gh to vote favorably ^u x1 h5ce ! be/ me?od ( conduct+ x ne$s to be consid]$4 ,! beg9n+ ( su* a "w mu/ be made by a few1 e>ne/ p :o ?or\ghly believe 9 ! ne$ ( a public collection ( books1 n alone = ! value x w be to !m p]sonally1 b :at x may d = ! _m :o are unable to own books = !mselves4 ,club wom5 are (t5 ! mo/ active factors 9 inaugurat+ su* a movem5t & sometimes ! ,woman's ,club alone esp\ses ! cause ( ! libr>y & provides = ! pur*ase ( books & ! runn+ exp5ses ( ! libr>y4 ,x w\ld seem1 h[ev]1 aft] obs]vation ( v>i\s ef=ts1 m or less successful1 along ?is l9e1 t x is mu* bett] to secure ! coop]ation ( all clubs & o!r organizations 9 ! t[n1 ?us dis>m+ any outside criticism or antagonism f ^? outside ! "o club4 ,a libr>y association1 :i* includes all p]sons 9 ! t[n :o are desir\s ( hav+ a public libr>y1 seems to be ! bett] =m = ! organization to take1 ?\gh a city f$]ation ( clubs has prov5 a successful ag5cy 9 _m t[ns4 ,! difficulty ( provid+ funds = conduct+ su* a libr>y on an absolutely free basis is evid5t1 b to make memb]%ip 9 ! association1 ) ! paym5t ( an annual memb]%ip fee1 ! condition ( borr[+ is to b> f ! use ( ! books ! p :o ne$ !m mo/4 ,9 organiz+ a libr>y association x w be necess>y to decide :at ! policy is to be 9 ?is respect4 ,%all ! libr>y be solely = ^? :o jo9 ! association & pay ?is fee1 or %all ?is be an altrui/ic movem5t = ! bett]m5t ( ! t[n1 mak+ ! use ( ! books free to all8 ,if ! latt] plan is decid$ ^u x w be necess>y to provide by subscription ( citiz5s or by ent]ta9m5ts & o!rwise1 a l>g] fund = ! support ( ! libr>y1 & su* an und]tak+ %\ld be well consid]$ = x (t5 becomes burd5some4 ,if an association is =m$ ) an annual memb]%ip fee :i* entitles ! memb] to ! use ( ! books1 ^? :o feel unable to pay ?is annual fee may be loan$ books ^u ! paym5t ( a small fee = ! loan ( a s+le book4 ,! read+ room feature is ( great importance & :atev] plan may be adopt$ reg>d+ ! loan ( ! books = home use !re is no reason :y ! use ( ! read+ room1 ! p]iodicals & ! books 9 ! room %\ld n be absolutely free to all :o w come !re to use !m4 ,to make ! read+ room ! brighte/ & mo/ attractive spot 9 t[n = ! boys :o are incl9$ to be on ! /reet ( ev5+s is a possibility = any libr>y association1 if a few e>ne/ wom5 w give "t & ef=t t[>d ?is end4 ,! actual exp5ses incurr$ 9 su* a v5ture are room r5t1 furniture1 heat1 light1 s]vices ( a libr>ian & ! pur*ase ( books & p]iodicals1 b a sy/ematic ef=t to int]e/ ! p ( ! t[n (t5 results 9 ! donation ( ! use ( a room & ! o!r necessities4 ,x is n desirable to solicit donation ( books4 ,! r&om incl9ation ( p to pass on to ! public libr>y books !y d n c>e = on _! own libr>y %elves is damag+ to ! libr>y receiv+ !m4 ,9 ano!r column ! report ( ! ,audubon ,club m5tions ?is po9t4 ,! books %\ld be select$ ) ! greate/ c>e4 ,! mo/ important feature ( su* an ent]prise is to h "s "o 9 *>ge ( ! room :o %all be suit$ to ! "w1--a woman ( culture & "*1 ( pleas+ mann]s & "o :o loves *ildr5 & delights 9 aid+ read]s4 ,su* a libr>ian gives an atmosph]e to ! :ole und]tak+4 ,9 _m t[ns club wom5 & o!rs :o are int]e/$ h volunte]$ to s]ve z libr>ians1 )\t comp5sation1 & if a head libr>ian is select$ to :om ^! volunte] work]s %all report & :o is responsible = ! "w1 ?is arrangem5t seems a good "o until su* "t z funds w p]mit ( ! employm5t ( a paid libr>ian4 ,at ,audubon1 ,exira1 ,gl5wood1 ,gu?rie ,c5t]1 ,laur5s1 ,leon1 ,tama & o!r places 9 ! /ate1 ! wom5 are mo/ c\rage\sly c>ry+ on ?is "w1 ) ! hope t ! t[n w ev5tually take ! responsibility (f _! %\ld]s by vot+ a tax to support ! libr>y4 ,if any attempt has be5 made to vote a municipal tax & x has fail$1 or if !re seems to be little s5tim5t 9 favor ( ! measure1 !re is no ne$ to feel di%e>t5$4 ,a beg9n+ may be made by secur+ a travell+ libr>y ( #ej volumes f ! ,libr>y ,commission at ,des ,mo9es1 )\t o!r co/ ?an transportation1 & ^! books1 may be ex*ang$ = a simil> collection e #c mon?s1 ?us mak+ #bjj volumes accessible dur+ ! ye>4 ,?is collection ) ! few books ! local association is able to buy & a few good magaz9es %\ld make x possible to op5 ! room = read+ & ! issue ( books two aft]noons & ev5+s ea* week--pref]ably ,w$nesday & ,saturday4 ,! small beg9n+ w ga!r to itself /r5g? if ! work]s are p]si/5t2 ! collection ( books w increase1 s5tim5t w gr[ m favorable & ev5tually ! movem5t w be popul>4 ,9 mak+ su* a beg9n+ ! ,i[a ,libr>y ,commission %\ld be call$ ^u = ! use ( ! travel+ libr>y1 =m ( con/itution & by-laws1 book li/s & o!r pr9t$ matt]1 & ! secret>y w be glad to r5d] any assi/ance possible 9 =w>d+ su* an ent]prise 9 any t[n 9 ! /ate4 ,,co-,,op]ation ,,betwe5 ,,libr>y ,,& ,,community ,a pap] t orig9ally appe>$ 9 ,! ,spr+field ,republican1 ,dec4 #a1 #ahii1 & 0 repr9t$ 9 ,home ,education ,bullet9 ,no4 #ca ( ! ,univ]sity ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 ,! au?or1 ,miss ,m4 ,anna ,t>bell ( ,brimfield1 ,mass4 ,! use ( ! ^w coop]ation 9 connection ) ! public libr>y implies t ! libr>y is n simply a collection ( books1 t x is n a passive in/itution1 a repository ( treasure1 b an active in/itution rea*+ out to be/[ b5efits4 ,! libr>y _s means n only coop]at+ ) all uplift+ =ces 9 ! community1 b creat+ & /imulat+ su* =ces4 ,! libr>y _s seeks to c>ry brightness into gray & toilworn lives1 to give broad vision 9 place ( ! n>r[ & di/ort$ view1 to awak5 g5]\s sympa?ies & noble ?\ghts 9 place ( sordid desires & petty int]e/s4 ,imbu$ ) ?is _s1 ! libr>ian w be a lov] ( humank9d1 sympa!tic1 e>ne/1 self-sacrific+1 a true mission>y1 en?usia/ic )al & eag] to seize ^u ways & means by :i* ! libr>y may m & m be made to enri* human life4 ,b h[ev] abundant 9 res\rces ! libr>y1 & h[ev] zeal\s & effici5t ! libr>ian1 !re is a limit to ! "w t c be accompli%$ on ! libr>y side = ! promotion ( intellectual life & g5]al culture4 ,!re ne$s to be a l>g] & m intellig5t dem& on ! community side = ! supply :i* ! libr>y (f]s4 ,to /imulate ?is dem& !re is ne$$ ! coop]ation ( ^? p & ^? in/itutions 9 ! community t possess special opportunities = increas+ ! use & influ5ce ( ! libr>y1 or 9 any way mak+ human life wis]1 bett] & happi]4 ,?is coop]ation may be bo? direct & indirect1 s9ce all culture influ5ces are by nature coop]ative ) t ( ! libr>y4 ,i %all dwell specially on ! ne$ ( /imulat+ coop]ation on ! side ( ! community1 = ! reason t ! libr>y has already tak5 ! initiative1 & because libr>y privileges are s abundant 9 ,massa*usetts1 s freely (f]$ & eag]ly ext5d$1 )\t a proportionate response to ^! privileges on ! "p ( ! public4 ,:ile dwell+ mo/ ^u ! importance ( its educational influ5ces1 ,i w\ld n und]rate ! prov9ce ( ! libr>y 9 provid+ ent]ta9m5t & recreation1 :i* h _! culture value4 ,b ! foll[+ are impressive words f ! editor ( ! ,new ,engl& magaz9e 9 its curr5t numb]3 ,education 9 a democracy is s fundam5tal t education may almo/ be look$ ^u z ano!r way ( spell+ democracy4 ,we are to consid] m c>efully ! educational function ( ev]y?+ :i* affects ! m9d ( ! p3 ! *ur*1 ! newspap]1 ! libr>y1 ! plat=m4 ,consid]+ coop]ation ) ! libr>y on ! "p ( individuals1 we naturally ?9k fir/ ( ^? :o are connect$ ) ! libr>y by virtue ( _! (fice1 namely1 ! libr>y tru/ees4 ,! tru/ees h special opportunities = increas+ ! use & usefulness ( ! libr>y on acc\nt ( _! acqua9tance )1 & influ5ce ^u1 ! libr>y on "o h&1 & _! daily int]c\rse ) ! public on ! o!r4 ,!re has s f> come to my notice su* assi/ance by ! tru/ees z invit+ p1 specially newcom]s1 to ! libr>y1 c>ry+ books to outly+ s*ools1 p]sonal assi/ance 9 ! libr>y & collect+ hi/orical mat]ial = pres]vation 9 ! libr>y4 ,x is true t ! lit]al requirem5ts ( ! (fice ( libr>y tru/ee are only ^? ( a cons]vative nature1 j z ! duties ( ! libr>ian 7 =m]ly consid]$ to be ^? ( ! c>eful cu/odian1 b z ! libr>y _s ga9s gr\nd & ! conception ( ! libr>y z an active mission gr[s1 we may look =w>d to ! day :5 e t[n w be sure ( hav+ six or n9e p]sons1 z ! case may be1 n only engag$ 9 improv+ ! "* ( ! libr>y1 b 9 promot+ its increas$ & m effective use1 a /&+ committee = ! culture int]e/s ( ! t[n4 ,?is coop]ation w be promot$ by tru/ees att5d+ ! meet+s ( libr>y clubs1 jo9+ ! clubs & assi/+ !m1 z well z by giv+ ! libr>ian e enc\ragem5t to d s1 su* z grant+ leave ( abs5ce & possibly pay+ exp5ses4 ,! ,libr>y j\rnal & ,public libr>ies %\ld be on ! subscription li/ ( e libr>y1 & tru/ees z well z libr>ian ne$ to keep in=m$ ( progress 9 ! libr>y _w4 ,!re are o!r p 9 e t[n :o w\ld be will+ to assi/ 9 ! "w ( ! libr>y1 or help p to get books or enc\rage m & bett] read+ if ask$ to d s by ! libr>ian4 ,to seek out su* p]sons1 !n1 is ! duty & opportunity ( ! libr>ian 9 ?is "w ( coop]ation4 ,sugge/ions reg>d+ ,volunte] aids 9 libr>y "w are admirably giv5 9 ! report ( ! /ate libr>y commission = ?is ye> 9 ! b\nd volume1 ,public libr>ies ( ,massa*usetts1 & %\ld be read by libr>ians & tru/ees & %[n to all patrons ( ! libr>y :o are available = assi/ance4 ,surely ! home %\ld coop]ate ) ! libr>y by ! example ( ! read+ habit1 & by ! direction ( ! read+ ( ! *ildr52 :ile x w\ld be an excell5t ?+ = p>5ts to pursue l9es ( read+ t w\ld keep !m 9 t\* ) ! *ildr5's /udies4 ,z x is1 ,i fe> libr>ians w be> out ! rec5t /atem5t ( a s*ool sup]visor t ,! home is n ev5 incl9$ to sup]vise ! *ildr5's read+1 &1 ! selection ( books be+ left l>gely to !mselves1 _m boys & girls read books n prop] = !m to read4 ,! *ur*1 ! s*ool & ! libr>y are in/itutions :i* naturally con/itute a triple alliance4 ,coop]ation betwe5 ! libr>y & ! s*ools1 :i* has receiv$ s mu* consid]ation & is be+ s rapidly develop$1 ,i ne$ n dwell ^u4 ,b !re is ne$ = increas$ coop]ation betwe5 ! *ur* & ! libr>y4 ,?is coop]ation %\ld be bo? direct & indirect4 ,m9i/]s %\ld feel a responsibility = ! intellectual1 z well z spiritual1 welf>e ( ! p4 ,!y %\ld %[ t intellig5ce & bread? ( m9d make a bett] & m effici5t ,*ri/ian1 & t ! *ur* w become a great] p[] if its memb]s read & ?9k4 ,! m9i/] has _h special privileges = 8 own culture1 & he has peculi> opportunities = recomm5d+ books1 guid+ libr>y ta/e1 & directly increas+ ! use ( ! libr>y4 ,!re %\ld be "s k9d ( /udy club connect$ ) e *ur*1 & ^? "y p :o h f9i%$ _! s*ool c\rse %\ld be taught _! moral obligation to cultivate _! ,god-giv5 m5tal p[]s & gr[ 9 intellig5ce & wisdom4 ,to advance ! special int]e/s ( ! *ur* along intellectual l9es1 ! libr>y %\ld be provid$ ) books t w improve ,sunday s*ool "w1 aid 9 ! /udy ( ! ,bible1 & ! gr[? ( intellig5ce on religi\s subjects4 ,x %\ld be provid$ ) up to date hi/ories ( ,bible times 9 ! light ( ar*eological discov]ies1 ) works ( mod]n rev]5t s*ol>%ip conc]n+ ! ,bible1 & books :i* record ! developm5t ( religi\s ?\ght4 ,mu* excell5t /udy is be+ done by memb]s ( ! wom5's mission>y societies4 ,x is v desirable t ^! wom5 coop]ate ) ! libr>ian 9 ! selection ( /&>d works reveal+ conditions 9 ! c\ntries /udi$4 ,among organizations1 wom5's clubs h probably done ! mo/ to assi/ libr>y int]e/s4 ,?is is especially true 9 "s ( ! we/]n /ates1 notably 9 ,wiscons94 ,lit]>y & o!r /udy clubs :i* prevail 9 ,new ,engl& are c]ta9ly 9 _! nature coop]ative ) ! libr>y1 :ile !y might be ( m direct assi/ance to x4 ,! libr>y1 ( c\rse1 %\ld give ^! societies all possible enc\ragem5t & help4 ,! clubs w react favorably on ! libr>y 9 creat+ a dem& = books :i* w improve ! "* ( ! accessions to ! libr>y4 ,:]e a /udy club does n exi/1 ! libr>ian %\ld help to =m "o4 ,x is possible t !re is a t5d5cy to exclusiv5ess 9 wom5's lit]>y clubs4 ,if ! numb] limit keeps out ^? desir\s ( jo9+1 or ^? :o ne$ enc\ragem5t 9 lit]>y int]e/1 a bran* club = _! b5efit %\ld be =m$4 ,besides work+ = _! own improvem5t1 ! memb]s ( /udy clubs %\ld h a mission>y _s & %\ld feel a responsibility = ! intellectual welf>e ( ! t[n4 ,a woman's lit]>y club is capable ( be+ a /rong ally ( ! public libr>y4 ,! newly develop+ local hi/ory societies & ! public libr>y are naturally alli$1 & promise to be ( increas+ mutual b5efit4 ,! libr>y %\ld buy t[n hi/ories & books ne$$ by ! hi/orical society1 :ile ! latt] w contribute to ! libr>y records1 maps & publi%$ memorials4 ,fur!r1 ! hi/orical society1 by su/a9+ lectures 9 :i* ! pr9ciples ( colonial developm5t are illu/rat$ by local annals1 %\ld develop a p]ception & int]e/ :i* w be manife/$ 9 a dem& = volumes ( hi/ory n[ ly+ du/y on ! libr>y %elves4 ,! grange is ano!r organization ^: objects affiliate x ) ! libr>y1 s9ce ! grange movem5t is an important culture movem5t4 ,!re is opportunity = m active coop]ation betwe5 ! libr>y & ! grange4 ,! grange1 & also ! f>m]s' clubs1 %\ld be ask$ to recomm5d ! be/ works ^u agriculture1 :ile ! lectur] ( ! grange & ! committee ( ! f>m]s' clubs %\ld conf] 9 advance ) ! libr>ian z to mat]ial ne$$ 9 c>ry+ out _! lit]>y programs4 ,m ?an "o o!r organization might be m5tion$ :i* w\ld help ! libr>y & be help$ by x ?r\gh increas$ coop]ation1 !reby ext5d+ ! influ5ce ( bo?4 ,x is ! s5se ( obligation & responsibility t ne$s to gr[4 ,! public press is an ag5cy :i* c]ta9ly ought to be a firm ally ( ! public libr>y1 coop]at+ ) x directly & indirectly4 ,newspap]s %\ld be ev] ready to give space to any matt] t w br+ ! libr>y to ! att5tion ( ! public1 & !y %\ld also keep ! public in=m$ ( progress 9 libr>y int]e/s4 ,deep] ?an ?is1 ! press %\ld con/antly exemplify & tea* culture ideals1 ! true mission ( j\rnalism4 ,! hope ( /imulat+ great] coop]ation betwe5 ! community & ! public libr>y seems to me to lie l>gely 9 ! libr>y club or1 bett]1 libr>y association1 movem5t4 ,fir/1 local libr>y clubs %\ld increase 9 numb]1 becom+ m truly local1 ?us ex]t+ a /rong] influ5ce ^u ! libr>ies 9 ! section repres5t$ & com+ into clos] relation ) ! community4 ,! memb]%ip %\ld include p :o are nei!r libr>ians nor tru/ees1 b ^: s5se ( responsibility w be awak5$ z _! int]e/ is increas$4 ,! di/rict repres5t$ %\ld n be s l>ge z to prev5t meet+s be+ frequ5tly held 9 ! same vic9ity4 ,^! local clubs %\ld be 9 close relation ) ! /ate club or association1 & ! /ate libr>y commission4 ,! local clubs w d ! actual close "w1 :ile hav+ ! support1 advice & assi/ance ( ! /ate club & /ate commission4 ,! local clubs w give in=mation z to conditions & ne$s1 & w be ag5cies = ! application ( progressive ideas4 ,! /udy ( conditions1 ( :at may be call$ ! environm5t ( libr>ies1 comes )9 ! prov9ce ( libr>y-club "w4 ,! /udy ( ! conditions & ne$s ( ! small t[ns & rural communities is ( lead+ importance4 ,f :at o!r s\rce except f ! libr>y movem5t ) a great] developm5t ( its possibilities is help = ^? t[ns to come8 ,! initiative 9 p]sonal ef=t to give advantages = want ( :i* "s ( ! small t[ns are suff]+ has be5 tak5 by ! wom5's education association 9 ! loan ( _! travel+ libr>ies accompani$ by p]sonal visits & ! /udy ( conditions & ne$s4 ,b !re is ano!r want besides t ( books 9 ! small villages & t[ns4 ,!re is ne$$ n only ! pr9t$ page1 b ! speak+ voice1 ! influ5ce ( p]sonality ?r\gh lectures4 ,a /ory f exp]i5ce w illu/rate ?is ne$4 ,a few ye>s ago !re 0 held 9 our t[n an exhibition ( antiquities :i* awak5$ int5se int]e/ on ! "p ( old & "y4 ,?is int]e/ made a good opportunity = ! /udy ( colonial hi/ory1 :i* a few ( u c>ri$ on4 ,c]ta9 books n 9 our libr>y 7 ne$$1 al?\gh ! libr>y is a good "o & well equipp$ 9 ,am]ican hi/ory4 ,our want came to ! k ( ,miss ,*&l]1 *airman ( ! libr>y committee ( ! woman's education association1 & out ( ?is grew1 ano!r ye>1 a special libr>y l5t to u ^u ,am]ican hi/ory :i* =m$ a valuable supplem5t to ! works conta9$ 9 our libr>y 9 t dep>tm5t4 ,at bo? times1 :5 we _h ! exhibition & :5 we receiv$ ! travel+ libr>y 7:i* we /ill possess1 hav+ b\ght ! books7 ,i realiz$ ! opportunity & ne$ ( lectures4 ,:at a /rong comb9ation ! gr\p w\ld h made--! exhibition1 ! work+ libr>y1 a lecture c\rse4 ,?is w\ld h be5 9 reality an adaptation ( ! idea ( univ]sity ext5sion1 :i* ,i believe c\ld be develop$ by ! libr>y club movem5t4 ,ea* t[n w\ld h its /&+ libr>y committee compos$ ( memb]s ( ! local libr>y club1 & sev]al t[ns 9 ! di/rict repres5t$ by ! club w\ld =m a conv5i5t circuit4 ,b if ?is s*eme1 :i* ,i believe to be feasible1 c n be imm$iately develop$ or appli$1 !re %\ld be no delay on ! "p ( ^? int]e/$ 9 libr>y "w 9 ,massa*usetts 9 consid]+ "s plan ( promot+ popul> education1 ! lead+ object today ( libr>y "w1 ?r\gh lectures ( "s k9d1 if n su/a9$ c\rses hav+ cont9uity ( subject4 ,two difficulties meet ?is ne$ ( lectures 9 ! small] & poor] t[ns & 9 _m villages1 t ( ! exp5se ( secur+ ! be/ tal5t 7& no?+ %ort ( excell5t ability w s]ve71 & t ( kn[+ :]e to f9d available speak]s4 ,! la/ difficulty c be met by organiz+ a committee :o w se>* out ^? :o c be secur$ to speak "u ! auspices ( ! libr>ies ( ! small t[ns4 ,a plan = br++ ! exp5se )9 ! means ( ! p ( ^? t[ns might also be develop$4 ,"o s\rce ( help might be f\nd 9 ! increase ( ! p[]s ( ! /ate libr>y commission4 ,9 ,wiscons9 ! effici5cy & p[]s ( ! /ate commission h be5 ext5d$ by ! passage ( a bill ?r\gh ! legislature increas+ ! appropriation aw>d$ ! commission & add+ to its duties4 ,! commission is emp[]$ to hold libr>y in/itutes 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! /ate1 & to enc\rage ! gr[? ( /udy clubs connect$ ) ! travel+ libr>ies4 ,to c>ry out ! duties ( ! commission1 among :i* is m5tion$ to aid 9 build+ up a bett] sy/em ( popul> education1 ! additional sum ( #cejj is aw>d$ to ! commission4 ,:y %\ld n ,massa*usetts aid 9 build+ up a bett] sy/em ( popul> education by help+ to provide speak]s = ! small] villages & t[ns :]e ne$$1 ?us supplem5t+ & aid+ ! "w ( ! public libr>ies8 ,x is possible t a beg9n+ c\ld be made ?r\gh ! e/abli%m5t ( libr>y in/itutes4 ,if x %\ld be consid]$ wise to e/abli% libr>y in/itutes 9 ?is /ate1 z important a feature ( !m z in/ruction 9 libr>y matt]s w\ld be lectures = ! public on lit]>y & educational subjects ( a popul> nature4 ,! fir/ /ep to be tak5 is = a committee repres5t+ ! ?ree exi/+ libr>y clubs & ! ,massa*usetts libr>y commission to consid] :at plans are mo/ feasible1 n only = ! improvem5t ( libr>y "w1 b also = increas+ ! intellig5t & effective use ( ! libr>y by creat+ new ideals ( popul> education 9 ! community1 & ?us br+ ab\t coop]ation 9 its deepe/ s5se4 ,,bo>ds ,,( ,,tru/ees ,a bo>d ( tru/ees1 or ( directors or commission]s1 is ! repres5tative ( ! community 9 its control ( ! libr>y & 9 ! =mal s]vice r5d]$ by ! community to ! libr>y4 ,! relation%ip 0 famili> 9 o!r public in/itutions at ! "t t public libr>ies began to be e/abli%$1 & its duties1 responsibilities & limitations 9 ?is in/ance 7 reg>d$ z be+ ! same z 9 o!rs4 ,!y 7 !re=e n widely discuss$1 & ! "w ( libr>y tru/ee%ip is /ill too little sy/ematiz$4 ,! ,tru/ees' ,section ( ! ,a4,l4,a41 f\nd$ 9 ord] t ,libr>y tru/ees might ga!r ye>ly to discuss _! peculi> problems1 has always be5 scantily att5d$4 ,! ,indiana ,tru/ees ,association is ! only prosp]\s body ( ! k9d 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b its success might well prove sugge/ive to libr>y tru/ees 9 o!r /ates4 ,! ?ree foll[+ pap]s 7 all read at a s+le libr>y conf]5ce 9 #ahij1 :i* may %[ t !re 0 !n "s degree ( awak5+ to ! necessity = discuss+ ?is phase ( libr>y adm9i/ration4 ,,libr>y ,,"w ,,f ,,! ,,tru/ees' ,,/&po9t ,a few fir/ pr9ciples by ! presid5t ( ! ,bo>d ( :at 0 at t "t ! ,/4 ,l\is ,public ,s*ool ,libr>y1 s9ce #ahic ! ,/4 ,l\is ,public ,libr>y4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,le>n$ read ?is pap] at ! ,fabyan's ,conf]5ce ( ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association1 9 #ahij4 ,john ,calv9 ,le>n$ 0 born 9 ,dubl91 ,n4,h41 ,aug4 #g1 #ahcd4 ,he engag$ 9 tea*+1 w5t to ,miss\ri 9 #ahef & 9 #ahei ent]$ ,h>v>d ,div9ity ,s*ool4 ,aft] graduation he 0 pa/or ( a ,unit>ian *ur* 9 ,exet]1 ,n4,h41 & 9 #ahgj took *>ge ( ! newly-organiz$ ,*ur* ( ! ,unity 9 ,/4 ,l\is :]e he rema9$ until 8 dea?1 ,dec4 #h1 #ahic4 ,he 0 a memb] ( ! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s ( ! ,public ,s*ool ,libr>y f #ahhd to #ahib & its presid5t = half t p]iod4 ,an old play has x t tru/ees are n to be trifl$ ) &1 z !y are n only all[$ b invit$ to come among ! libr>ians to ass]t _! rights & _! au?ority1 :y %\ld !y n d x vigor\sly8 ,did !y n orig9ate ! libr>ian8 ,%all ! ?+ =m$ say to him t =m$ x1 ',:y ha/ ?\ made me ?us8' ,yet to assume su* creative p[] mu/ load u d[n ) responsibilities--great]1 ,i fe>1 ?an "s ( u h joyfully accept$4 ,9 fact1 d n tru/ees incl9e1 z a rule1 to ?r[ too mu* ( ! burd5 ( libr>y adm9i/ration ^u ! libr>ian8 ,if ! incumb5t ( ?is (fice is fairly will+ & capable1 is he n suff]$ to d pretty mu* z he pleases1 except x may be ) reg>d to su* l>ge measures z ! con/ruction ( build+s & ! managem5t ( inve/m5ts8 ,proportion$ to ! au?ority ( tru/ees1 h[ev]1 is _! responsibility4 ,to :om mu* is giv51 ( !m mu* is requir$4 ,& ! position ( ! bett] sort ( tru/ee valuable to ! be/ "w ( ! libr>ian1 is n t s9ecure seat sometimes depict$4 ,he mu/ con/antly /& z ! able & ready advisor ( ! libr>ian1 & = ! honor & def5ce ( ! libr>y4 ,he w be made ! c\rt ( ultimate appeal 9 _m matt]s1 bo? practical & curi\s4 ,he w receive lett]s f all sorts ( p1 "s ) gifts 9 _! h&s1 & "s ) compla9ts on _! lips2 "s seek+ favors1 possible & impossible4 ,col4 ,higg9son's humor\s way1 rec5tly1 ( introduc+ ,phillips ,brooks z ! man :om nobody 9 ! ,cambridge libr>y c\ld f9d out ! height (1 until at la/ ! inquiry 0 br\ght to him z tru/ee to answ]1 may illu/rate ! po9t4 ,lately an article 9 "o ( ! ,engli% reviews treats ( ! ,p]ils ( ,tru/ees4 ,& :ile no /atute makes u responsible1--z innoc5t p>ties 7 held to be "u ,briti% law1 9 ! failure ( ! ,glasg[ ,bank1--yet ! libr>y tru/ee c>ries risks1 bo? moral & f9ancial1 & ! place %\ld be (f]$ to none :o w n give x a bonafide s]vice4 ,!re is no room = a m]e figure-head or ornam5tal "n on a work+ libr>y bo>d4 ,e memb] ( a directory1 rightly organiz$1 %\ld take 8 %>e 9 ! adm9i/ration1 & h "s k ( :at goes on 9 ! libr>y _w4 ,x is true !re h be5 in/ances :]e "s ambiti\s & irrepressible _s has exce$$ 8 (ficial duties & privileges2 has be5 dispos$ to dictate ! :ole policy ( ! libr>y1 r$uc+ ! libr>ian's (fice to t ( a m]e secret>y4 ,i knew a director 9 a l>ge libr>y :o resign$ because he c\ld n buy ! books & write all ! reports4 ,he hung]$ = m to d4 ,b ,i h kn[n m ?an "o to keep himself z f> away f ! bo>d z possible1 aft] "o or two sessions ( ?ree or f\r h\rs ea*1 9 ! necess>y delib]ations ( ! book committee4 ,edw>d ,ev]ett ,hale says t ! great ess5tial = ! directors or tru/ees ( any in/itution is1 t !y keep _! end 9 sight1 z ,dr4 ,watt's hymn reads4 ,if x is an in/itution to help old wom51 or save poor *ildr51 or f9d situations = ! idle1 does x really d x8 ,or is x s tak5 up ) ! me*anism ( ! conc]n1 s absorb$ & happy ov] me?ods & details1 t x loses sight ( ! object8 ,?is is especially to be consid]$ 9 ! managem5t ( a public libr>y4 ,:at is ! libr>y =8 ,is x accompli%+ its "w8 ,is x do+ its utmo/ to promote ! virtue1 ref9em5t1 & intellig5ce ( ! community8 ,a libr>y may be lik5$ to a bank :]e lit]>y res]ves are kept4 ,x is organiz$ to promote ! circulation ( a s\nd lit]>y curr5cy4 ,! directors mu/ see to x t1 ?\gh !re may be c\nt]feit & wor?less money 9 ! vaults1 ! ca%i] or libr>ian mu/ pay ov] ! c\nt] = g5]al circulation su* only z w ma9ta9 ! in/itution's /&>d ( cr$it & confid5ce 9 ! community4 ,! gold basis mu/ be ma9ta9$1 & no wild-cat bills pass out ?r\gh ! w9d[4 ,x gr[s increas+ly evid5t t v few libr>ies 9 ! _w c indulge 9 ! luxury or lic5ce ( buy+ all books writt54 ,! ambition to supply any man ) any "w he calls = mu/ !re=e be held 9 *eck4 ,?us x becomes increas+ly important t mu* c>e & delib]ation be ex]cis$ 9 ! *oice ( books to be b\ght1 :e!r to complete defici5t dep>tm5ts or = ! daily circulation4 ,! pur*ase ( poor books makes a m>ket = poor au?or%ip4 ,h]eaft]1 less ?an ev] %\ld libr>ies be ! dump+ place = indiscreet publi%]s1 = que/ionable or incompet5t au?ors4 ,! public libr>y exi/s = civilization1 t is1 = moral ends4 ,x is ! record & hi/ory ( civilization1 z well z ! ally ( progress4 ,x is ! fri5d & help] ( all ^? :o seek to live 9 ! _s4 ,= ?is reason1 !re=e1 ! "* ( ! books 9 a libr>y is ( m importance ?an m]e numb]s2 & ! value ( a libr>y to ! community may be imp]fectly %[n by ! /ati/ics ( circulation4 ,no aim c be high]1 h[ev]1 ?an hav+ a good libr>y1 to make its res\rces kn[n1 & to multiply read]s 9 ! remote/ & obscure/ p>ts ( our t[ns & cities4 ,tru/ees ( ,free ,public ,libr>ies ,9 introduc+ ?is topic1 ,mr4 ,c4,c4 ,s\le1 :o spoke z a tru/ee ( ! ,brookl9e ,public ,libr>y1 said t he _h f\nd little or no?+ ab\t x 9 exi/+ libr>y lit]ature1 & t 8 pap] _h be5 %[n to a consid]able numb] ( bo? tru/ees & libr>ians & modifi$ 9 accordance ) _! views4 ,8 analysis ( ! subject is some:at clos] ?an ,presid5t ,le>n$'s4 ,*>les ,c>roll ,s\le 0 born 9 ,bo/on ,june #be1 #ahdb & graduat$ at ,h>v>d 9 #ahfb4 ,aft] s]v+ 9 ! ,civil ,w>1 :i* he left z a capta9 ( ,massa*usetts volunte]s he became a publi%] & aft] #ahhi 0 presid5t ( ! ,bo/on ,book ,co4 ,he 0 an active memb] ( ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association4 ,he di$ at 8 home 9 ,brookl9e1 ,jan4 #g1 #aiac ,?is pap] consid]s ! con/itution ( elective bo>ds ( tru/ees ( free public libr>ies1 intru/$ ) ! appo9tm5t ( libr>ians & full control ( _! libr>ies4 ,! subject c be naturally treat$ "u ! foll[+ heads3 ,size ( ! bo>d2 t]m ( (fice2 qualifications = ! position2 duties2 individual & collective2 organization2 & relations ) ! libr>ian4 #a4 ,,size ,,( ,,! ,,bo>d ,! weight ( op9ion seems to be 9 favor ( small bo>ds2 & 9 small t[ns1 :]e ! duties are light1 ?ree tru/ees w usually "w m h>moni\sly & effectively ?an a l>g] numb]4 ,b 9 l>ge t[ns & cities a m num]\s bo>d has two advantages--!re is m *ance ( secur+ among its memb]s "o or two m5 :o are exceptionally active1 intellig5t1 judici\s1 & int]e/$ 9 libr>y sci5ce2 & ! bo>d may be m ?or\ghly repres5tative ( diff]5t sections ( ! t[n & diff]5t elem5ts 9 ! population4 #b4 ,,t]m ,,( ,,(fice ,! usual & und\bt$ly ! be/ composition ( a bo>d ( libr>y tru/ees is to divide x into gr\ps1 "o gr\p go+ out ( (fice ea* ye>4 ,?is provision secures /ability by prev5t+ sudd5 *anges ( ! :ole bo>d by intrigue or popul> caprice1 & is int5d$ to all[ opportunity = gradual *ange :5ev] x is ne$$4 ,b does ?is provision alone insure suffici5t *ange to prev5t /agnation8 ,! position ( tru/ee ( a libr>y is s pleasant & honorable1 t ! incumb5t may wi% to reta9 x indef9itely4 ,! m5 select$ z tru/ees may be p]sonally s wor?y & popul> t _! t[nsm5 are reluctant to retire !m compulsorily1 ev5 :5 ! feel+ is preval5t t o!rs might s]ve m acceptably4 ,to effect a *ange "u su* circum/ances requires an ef=t approa*+ revolution1 ) dang] ( t discord & bad feel+ :i* are s un=tunate 9 libr>y managem5t4 ,w\ld x n be wise1 9 view ( ?is possible dang]1 to foll[ ! example ( ! graduates ( ,h>v>d ,college 9 elect+ ov]se]s1 & provide by law t no tru/ee %all hold (fice = m ?an 7say7 ?ree successive t]ms ( ?ree ye>s1 or n9e ye>s 9 all8 ,:ile a libr>y might ?us lose occasionally an active & effici5t tru/ee 7:o c\ld /ill be reelect$ aft] be+ only a ye> out ( (fice71 w\ld x n ga9 mu* m ?an x c\ld lose1 9 keep+ t close contact ) popul> ne$s & ) new ideas1 :i* is s heal?y & /imulat+ 9 ! managem5t ( all public in/itutions8 #c4 ,,qualifications ,,= ,,! ,,position ,! ideal qualifications = a tru/ee ( a public libr>y 7a fair education & love ( books be+ tak5 = grant$7 might be summ>iz$ some:at ?us3-- ,s\nd "*2 good judgem5t & common-s5se2 public _s2 capacity = "w2 lit]>y ta/e2 repres5tative fitness4 ,m5 ( "* & position 9 ! community are usually select$ z tru/ees2 b x may be assum$ some:at too confid5tly t1 because a man has be5 prom95t 9 political or bus9ess or social circles1 he w make a good tru/ee4 ,x is a mi/ake to put 9 su* a position any man :o has outliv$ 8 public _s & en]gy4 ,libr>y ta/e is plac$ l[ on ?is li/ ( qualifications1 because 9 any adm9i/rative position1 ev5 9 connection ) a libr>y1 capacity & will+ness to "w1 unit$ ) common-s5se & a fair education1 are mu* m useful ?an a ta/e = lit]ature )\t ! practical qualities4 ,& ( ! diff]5t grades ( lit]>y ta/e1 g5]al culture & a wide range ( read+ are g5]ally m s]viceable to a public libr>y ?an ! k ( ! s*ol> or ! speciali/4 ,9 select+ m5 ( prom95ce = tru/ees1 !re is dang] ( exclud+ too rigidly ! y\ng] m5 :o might contribute to ! /r5g? & effici5cy ( ! bo>d4 ,!re is s mu* activity & progress 9 ! libr>y "w ( ?is g5]ation1 t ! adage ,old m5 = c\nsel1 "y m5 = action is n :olly inapplicable to ! *oice ( tru/ees1 ^: "w requires c\nsel & action 9 ne>ly equal degrees4 ,) a l>ge bo>d x w\ld seem wise to select memb]s ) "s ref]5ce to repres5tation ( diff]5t sections ( ! t[n1 & diff]5t occupations1 int]e/s1 or nationalities among ! inhabitants4 ,?is t5ds to prev5t dissatisfaction1 & to adapt ! pur*ase ( books & ! g5]al policy ( ! libr>y to ! ne$s ( ! :ole community1 r ?an to ! wi%es ( special classes4 ,nei!r politics nor religi\s op9ion %\ld ( c\rse ent] into ! *oice ( libr>y tru/ees1 except s f> z x is unwise to con/itute a bo>d exclusively f "o p>ty or "o d5om9ation4 #d4 ,,duties1 ,,individual ,,& ,,collective ,z an individual1 ! tru/ee ( a public libr>y ought to realize t he holds a high & sacr$ tru/ f ! p2 t he has be5 elect$ to pres]ve & ext5d ! privileges & b5efits af=d$ by ! libr>y 9 its mod]n developm5t z ,! ,p's ,univ]sity2 t libr>y sci5ce is n to be compreh5d$ by intuition1 b c be le>n$ only by intellig5t obs]vation & /udy2 & t he has no "r to accept or hold ! position unless he c take a lively int]e/ 9 ! libr>y1 be con/ant 9 att5dance at meet+s & dilig5t 9 committee "w1 keep himself in=m$ ( ! curr5t libr>y ideas by read+ e numb] ( ! ,libr>y j\rnal1 &1 if possible1 by visit+ o!r libr>ies ?an 8 own1 & wat* ke5ly ! ta/es & requirem5ts ( ! con/itu5cy he repres5ts4 ,! collective duties ( ! bo>d includes ! c>e ( inve/m5ts & funds1 ! c>eful & economical sup]vision ( exp5ditures1 ! det]m9ation ( ! policy ( ! libr>y t[>d ! public & 9 its int]ior adm9i/ration1 ! g5]al direction ( ! *oice & pur*ase ( books1 ! selection ( ! libr>ian & 8 assi/ants1 con/ant & critical obs]vation ( _! "w1 occasional reckon+ up ( "w done & progress made1 comp>ison ( results ) ^? rea*$ 9 o!r libr>ies1 z a confirmation ( m]its & a corrective = errors1 & su* active "w ( detail z w assi/ ! libr>ian 9 p]=m+ 8 duties4 #e4 ,,organization ,a l>ge bo>d ord9>ily transacts bus9ess ?r\gh a *airman1 a secret>y1 a treasur]1 & "o or m committees4 ,! *airman has few active duties1 b ! position requires judgm5t 9 appo9t+ committees1 & tact 9 conduct+ meet+s4 ,! place is p]haps ! highe/ public honor 9 small t[ns1 & is usually & prop]ly giv5 to "s tru/ee em95t = "* & public s]vices4 ,9 ,mr4 ,p]k9s's article1 ,h[ to make ,t[n ,libr>ies ,successful1 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ,report ( #ahgf on ,public ,libr>ies1 x is sugge/$ t ! libr>ian %\ld act z secret>y to ! bo>d ( tru/ees2 b1 aside f ! fact he usually has m ?an en\gh "w to d 9 8 own dep>tm5t1 is x n at lea/ d\btful :e!r an (ficial1 ^: conduct may at any "t be a prop] subject = confid5tial discussion be=e ! bo>d1 %\ld s]ve z _! secret>y1 & s be oblig$ to be pres5t ?r\gh\t all meet+s8 ,! duties ( a secret>y may prop]ly provide occupation = "s memb] ( ! bo>d4 ,! treasur]1 if he holds funds 9 8 h&s1 %\ld always be put "u bond4 ,no matt] h[ tru/wor?y he may be1 x is a s\nd pr9cipal t no (ficial %\ld h&le public money )\t giv+ bond4 ,8 successor may n be s c>eful or s hone/1 &1 unless ! prec$5t is e/abli%$ :ile ! dang] ( loss seems small1 x w be difficult & invidi\s to insi/ ^u a bond :5 occasion may require x4 ,if no tru/ee is will+ to accept ! position ( treasur] ) bond1 x is usually possible to leave ! libr>y funds 9 ! h&s ( ! already bond$ t[n treasur]1 & draw on !m z ne$$ to pay bills4 ,z to committees1 x is bett] to h z _m z c actively be employ$1 9 ord] to enli/ ! coop]ation or advice ( e tru/ee4 ,9 l>ge bo>ds1 ev5 ) small libr>ies1 f\r /&+ committees c f9d occupation2 namely1 executive1 book1 f9ance1 & progress4 ,! executive committee c take *>ge ( ! daily "w ( ! libr>y1 ( pur*ases1 & ( ! c>e ( ! build+4 ,!y %\ld be effici5t m51 ) prompt bus9ess habits1 ) an active int]e/ 9 ! libr>y1 ) leisure to att5d to _! duties dur+ libr>y h\rs1 & ) suffici5t discretion to sift & =mulate bus9ess to be pres5t$ at ! meet+s ( ! tru/ees4 ,:ile dis*>g+ _! executive duties promptly & ?or\ghly1 !y ought to be c>eful n to assume too mu* ( ! p[] & responsibility :i* prop]ly belong to ! full bo>d1 ^: w !y are appo9t$ to execute4 ,9 v l>ge libr>ies1 ^! duties ( an executive committee are sometimes subdivid$ among additional committees on build+ & gr\nds1 on pur*ase ( supplies1 on read+-room & s on1 z diff]5t dep>tm5ts increase 9 importance4 ,inasmu* z ! range ( read+1 ! lit]>y ta/e1 & ! critical faculty1 :i* qualify a man to select books = popul> use1 are n necess>ily unit$ ) executive ability1 x w (t5 be be/ to intru/ ! *oice ( books to a book committee1 select$ = t purpose alone4 ,?is is a suffici5tly important duty to occupy all ! sp>e "t ( a committee1 ev5 :]e ! initiative is tak5 by ! libr>ian1 & appeal on d\btful po9ts is made to ! full bo>d4 ,! duties ( a f9ance committee are (t5 conf9$ to a p]functory & occasional exam9ation ( acc\nts1 b !y may be made v important4 ,to make & wat* inve/m5ts1 to provide t money on deposit %all always draw ! be/ int]e/1 to see t pur*ases ( books & supplies are made on ! mo/ favorable t]ms1 to keep close wat* on all ! controllable exp5ditures1 to exam9e & v]ify bills1 & to audit c>efully ! treasur]'s acc\nts1 w give full employm5t to a good committee ( bus9ess m54 ,9 addition to ^! obvi\sly useful committees1 !re is ano!r1--a ,committee on ,libr>y ,progress--:i* (t5 s]ves to increase ! activity & effici5cy ( ! libr>y4 ,con/itut$ f among ! y\ng] or m active m51 & f ^? tru/ees :o c f9d opportunity = visit+ o!r libr>ies1 su* a committee c d good "w 9 wat*+ ! exp]im5ts made else:]e2 9 plac+ be=e ! bo>d in=mation 9 reg>d to improv$ me?ods ( libr>y "w2 9 comp>+ ! libr>y ) o!r libr>ies simil>ly situat$2 & 9 enc\rag+ _! own libr>ian1 if he be progressive1 or 9 /imulat+ him1 if too cons]vative4 ,9 %ort su* a committee1 if bo? active & wise1 c\ld keep ev5 ! smalle/ t[n libr>y 9 ! full tide ( mod]n progress4 ,x w be be/ n to leave too mu* discretion or p[] p]man5tly to any committee1 b to require all committees to report _! acts & plans frequ5tly = ! approval or criticism ( ! full bo>d4 #f4 ,,relations ,,) ,,! ,,libr>ian ,! relations ( ! tru/ees ) ! libr>ian w v>y greatly accord+ to circum/ances4 ,"s g5]al pr9cipals may be sugge/$1 subject always to ! exceptions :i* prove ! rule4 ,fir/ ( all1 x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ! tru/ees are ! responsible manag]s ( ! libr>y1 & t s f> z !y *ose to act1 ! libr>ian is only _! ag5t1 b\nd 9 honor to c>ry out _! wi%es promptly1 ?or\ghly1 & *e]fully4 ,if !y are =tunate en\gh1 h[ev]1 to h a fir/-class libr>ian1 ) sup]ior ability1 tra9+1 k1 en]gy1 wisdom1 & tact1 ! tru/ees ought to leave ! managem5t ( ! libr>y practically to him1 work+ only to light5 8 labors & /r5g!n 8 h&s4 ,b if--z sometimes may happ5--! libr>ian has human limitations1 & :ile /rong 9 "s directions is weak 9 o!rs1 x is ! "p ( ! tru/ees to try to supplem5t1 )\t imp$+1 8 abilities4 ,if1 aft] asc]ta9+ 8 limitations1 !y decide t he is ! be/ libr>ian t !y c get1 "u ! circum/ances ( ! case !y %\ld note 9 :at l9es he ne$s help1 & select = committees ! tru/ees be/ fitt$ to d ! "p ( libr>y "w :i* he _c satisfactorily p]=m4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! libr>ian has executive ability1 x w be wise = ! tru/ees to let him control ! selection1 managem5t1 & dismissal ( all 8 assi/ants2 if he has good judgem5t & :at may be call$ ! libr>ian's faculty1 x w be wise to let him arrange ! me?ods & details ( libr>y "w2 if he has lit]>y ta/e1 x w be especially wise to all[ him at lea/ ! initiative 9 ! *oice & pur*ase ( books1 = he has 7or ought to h7 con/ant contact ) ! public & an intellig5t k ( _! wants4 ,al?\gh x may n be consid]$ be/ = ! libr>ian to act z _! secret>y1 ! tru/ees %\ld take him into _! confid5ce1 consult him freely1 & invite 8 pres5ce dur+ "s "p ( ea* bo>d meet+ & ( all committee meet+s :]e 8 advice might be ( s]vice4 ,! libr>ian c prop]ly reciprocate by all[+ ! bo>d & ! committees frequ5t opportunities = private conf]5ce & executive session1 unemb>rass$ by 8 pres5ce4 ,9 brief1 :ile ! tru/ees _c =get t !y control bo? libr>y & libr>ian1 !y %\ld rememb] t ! libr>ian is *os5 to be _! exp]t advisor & _! executive (fic]1 &1 s long z he fills ^! positions satisfactorily1 !y ought n to hamp] or int]f]e )1 s mu* z to assi/ & su/a9 him by _! actions4 ,! relations ( an active libr>ian ) an active bo>d ( tru/ees dem& discretion & consid]ation on bo? sides4 ,b if ! libr>ian is s5sible1 & n too s5sitive1 & ! tru/ees are reasonably h>moni\s & judici\s1 ! coop]ation h]e9 outl9$ may be c>ri$ out ) success4 ,,! ,,duties ,,( ,,tru/ees ,,& ,,_! ,,relations ,,to ,,libr>ians ,al?\gh ,mr4 ,s4,s4 ,gre5 says t he has prep>$ ?is pap] f ! /&po9t ( a libr>ian1 he is compet5t to speak f t ( a tru/ee also1 = he s]v$ z bo?1 hav+ be5 a tru/ee ( ! ,worce/] ,public ,libr>y = "s "t :5 he 0 *os5 its libr>ian4 ,a sket* ( ,samuel ,swett ,gre5 w be f\nd 9 ,vol ,i4 ( ?is s]ies4 ,9 ! symposium 9 :i* we are n[ engag$1 ,i und]/& t ,i am to consid] ! subject :i* we are talk+ ab\t f ! /&po9t ( a libr>ian4 ,! position c be /at$ 9 a few words4 ,a libr>ian %\ld be reg>d$ z hold+ relations to 8 tru/ees simil> to ^? held by ! ag5t ( a factory or ! ca%i] ( a bank to ! gov]n+ bo>d ( ! factory or bank4 ,"s ca%i]s & "s ag5ts h m p[] ?an o!rs4 ,! p[] conf]r$ dep5ds ^u ! k1 tra9+1 exp]i5ce1 indu/ry1 ent]prise1 good judgm5t1 & ability ( p]sons hold+ su* positions4 ,if ! bo>d ( tru/ees ( a libr>y is m compet5t to manage its affairs ?an ! libr>ian1 & if x is ready to give ! "t t is necess>y to ! dis*>ge ( ! duties ( managem5t1 x has a p]fect "r to d s1 & ! libr>ian ne$ !n only be a cl]k4 ,s1 too1 if on any bo>d ( directors !re is "o man ( leisure :o has especial qualifications = conduct+ ! affairs ( a libr>y1 ! bo>d may delegate to him ! p]=mance ( ! m intellectual portions ( ! "w ( ! libr>ian4 ,ev51 h[ev]1 9 su* cases z ^? ! individuality ( ! libr>ian %\ld be consid]$1 because1 al?\gh 8 position may be v humble1 yet he c d bett] "w if all[$ to "w 9 8 own way1 r ?an 9 accordance ) ! provisions ( rules laid d[n by o!rs :i* he is requir$ to /rictly obs]ve4 ,:5 a libr>ian is accompli%$1 x w be f\nd wise = a bo>d ( tru/ees or directors to asc]ta9 8 views on mo/ subjects be=e act+1 & x w g5]ally appe> manife/ t x is well to give v c>eful consid]ation to ^? views4 ,a bo>d :i* enc\rages its libr>ian to initiate measures1 w adm9i/] its tru/ m satisfactorily ?an x c if x r$uces him to ! position ( a m]e executive (fic]1 :o is only to c>ry out ! plans :i* x has =m$4 ,i %\ld say t ! wise/ c\rse = a bo>d ( tru/ees to pursue is to let a good libr>ian d pretty mu* z he ?9ks be/1 only keep+ a wat*ful eye on him = ! purpose ( see+ t ?+s are n go+ wrong "u 8 conduct ( affairs4 ,x is bett]1 g5]ally speak+1 = a bo>d to *ange its libr>ian ?an to und]take to manage matt]s1 unless its memb]s are will+ to give mu* "t & ?\ght on ! subject4 ,mr4 ,gre5\gh1 at t "t ! ,presid5t ( ! ,bo>d ( ,tru/ees ( ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y1 said to me1 j aft] ,mr4 ,w9dsor gave up 8 position ( ,sup]9t5d5t ( t libr>y1 t he wi%$ 9 8 successor ! qualities ( a libr>ian 7us+ t designation 9 a re/rict$ s5se7 & n ^? ( a sup]9t5d5t1 & t ! title ( ! new (fic] w\ld be libr>ian & n sup]9t5d5t4 ,mr4 ,gre5\gh _h _h a long connection ) ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y z a tru/ee & z ,presid5t ( ! ,bo>d ( ,tru/ees1 & felt t he knew1 bett] ?an any p]son ^: s]vices ! libr>y 0 likely to secure1 h[ to conduct its affairs4 ,judge ,*amb]la91 ,mr4 ,w9dsor's successor1 accept$ ! situation & /at$ 9 an e>ly report1 9 sub/ance1 t ! duty ( a libr>ian is m]ely to c>ry out ! wi%es ( ! bo>d ( tru/ees4 ,b ,mr4 ,gre5\gh became disabl$ aft] a :ile1 & ,judge ,*amb]la9 ga9$ exp]i5ce2 & ,i v5ture to say1 dur+ ! latt] portion ( ! %ort "t :i* he 0 connect$ ) ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y1 he f\nd t 9 ! long run a libr>ian mu/ take ^u himself ! lion's %>e 9 ! entire managem5t ( a libr>y4 ,n[ t ,judge ,*amb]la9 has resign$ 8 place1 ! ,tru/ees ( ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y are und]/ood to be look+ ar\nd = an accompli%$ sup]9t5d5t4 ,! ideal executive head ( a l>ge public libr>y--let me say x emphatically--%\ld h ! qualifications ( bo? libr>ian & sup]9t5d5t4 ,p]haps1 9 ! case ( "s ( ! l>ge/ libr>ies1 x is well to h bo? a sup]9t5d5t & a libr>ian2 b :5 su* a di/ribution ( duties becomes desirable1 x is c]ta9 t ! sup]9t5d5t %\ld h some?+ ( ! _s ( a libr>ian1 & z mu* ( 8 te*nical k z possible1 & t ! libr>ian %\ld be (t5 consult$ 9 reg>d to que/ions ( managem5t1 & h1 himself1 no mean qualifications z an executive (fic]4 ,a good libr>ian %\ld be all[$ to make exp]im5ts 7obs]v+1 ( c\rse1 reasonable limits71 )\t consult+ ! bo>d ( tru/ees1 ) ! purpose ( satisfy+ himself z to ! desirability & feasibility ( adopt+ new me?ods1 & ( obta9+ evid5ce t w enable ! bo>d to =m intellig5t op9ions 9 reg>d to ! value ( *anges recomm5d$ by him4 ,exp]im5ts may (t5 be und]tak51 ) good prospect ( success1 by p]sons famili> ) k9ds ( "w :i* a bo>d ( tru/ees1 acqua9t$ ) su* k9ds ( "w1 w\ld n c>e to try1 b :i*1 nev]!less1 x is v important %\ld be tri$4 ,a libr>ian %\ld h ! appo9tm5t ( 8 assi/ants 9 8 own h&s1 & %\ld himself consult heads ( dep>tm5ts 9 ! *oice ( p]sons to s]ve "u !m4 ,he %\ld be all[$ to buy su* books z are ne$$ betwe5 meet+s ( libr>y committees & bo>ds ( tru/ees1 j z a tru/$ ca%i] is p]mitt$ to loan money to a bank's cu/om] betwe5 meet+s ( its bo>d ( directors4 ,bo? ! libr>ian & ! ca%i] %\ld1 ( c\rse1 give an acc\nt ( su* proce$+s to ! committee or bo>d ov] him at ! meet+ next aft] ! transactions4 ,g5]ally speak+1 a compet5t libr>ian %\ld be all[$ l>ge fre$om1 & held responsible = wisdom 9 managem5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! bo>d ( tru/ees %\ld insi/ ^u ! obs]vance by ! libr>ian ( su* =ms z h be5 adopt$ z safe-gu>ds4 ,:ile x %\ld all[ mu* lib]ty to its executive (fic]1 x %\ld also see to x t he keeps ! ma*9]y1 by :i* "w is done1 9 ord]2 s t1 if 9 ! ex]cise ( a c>eful ov]sight1 x %all become advisable at any "t = x to resume ! p[] conf]r$ on ! libr>ian1 x may be able to d x promptly4 ,tru/ees & directors may r5d] s]vices ( ! greate/ value to libr>ies & libr>ians4 ,n long ago ,i _h ^u my bo>d ( directors an influ5tial memb]1 :o us$ to say regul>ly at ! fir/ meet+1 aft] new m5 came on x1 ,g5tlem51 our only duty is to support ! libr>ian4 ,t is say+ too mu*1 c]ta9ly4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ! duty ( a bo>d ( tru/ees to second he>tily a libr>ian 9 8 ef=ts to make 8 adm9i/ration en]getic1 useful1 & progressive1 & to d all t x c to secure pati5t & g5]\s consid]ation by t[n & city gov]nm5ts1 & by citiz5s1 ( all wise measures :i* he may adopt4 ,tru/ees are v influ5tial 9 work+ individually to obta9 = a libr>y ! support 9 money :i* is ne$$4 ,!y c be ( great s]vice 9 %[+ _! appreciation ( good "w done by ! libr>ian1 by ^w & act4 ,x is almo/ too mu* to expect ( a bo>d ( tru/ees t x %\ld look out to see to x t a libr>ian receive a prop] sal>y1 & t 8 comp5sation be increas$ z 8 s]vices gr[ 9 value1 )\t be+ rem9d$ t ! remun]ation is inadequate by a communication f t (fic]4 ,/ill x is v desirable t1 :5 a communication is made1 x %\ld be sympa!tically consid]$1 & t memb]s ( ! bo>d %\ld po9t out to "o ano!r ! excell5ce ( ! s]vices r5d]$ by ! libr>ian in/ead ( expect+ him to enl>ge ^u _! value himself4 ,x %\ld be und]/ood1 also1 t x is a libr>ian's duty to /ate fully ! wor? ( ! s]vices ( 8 assi/ants1 & seek adequate comp5sation = !m4 ,a bo>d ( tru/ees c d mu*1 & %\ld always d z mu* z possible1 to keep ! int]e/s ( a libr>y & ( a libr>ian f be+ sacrific$ to suppos$ exig5cies ( politics4 ,9 "s portions ( ! c\ntry ! appo9tm5t & removal ( libr>ians = political reasons has become a sc&al4 ,a bo>d ( tru/ees owes x to its libr>ian to protect him f ! vag>ies ( impracticable m5 :o may by "s *ance become memb]s ( ! bo>d4 ,= example1 x %\ld quietly vote d[n unwise propositions1 z !y are made by fussy or n>r[ m52 by ^? p]sons :o1 :ile !y are self-confid5t1 are also ignorant2 by m5 :o are s con/itut$ z always to oppose or hold back1 or g ahead recklessly2 & by su* p]sons z wi% to h a h& 9 do+ ev]y?+ :i* x is ! duty ( ! libr>ian to d1 & yet are unwill+ to give any "t or ?\ght to ! conduct ( affairs4 ,!re is a t5d5cy 9 _m bo>ds ( tru/ees1 :5 a s+le memb] is urg5t 9 opposition to "s measure propos$ by a libr>ian1 & ! o!r memb]s h no positive op9ions reg>d+ ! matt]1 to yield to ! objector4 ,su* oppositions may af=d a prop] excuse = ! delay1 b %\ld n be all[$ to become p]man5tly efficaci\s 9 prev5t+ ! execution ( a project1 )\t ! libr>ian has be5 giv5 ample opportunities1 = expla9+ ! gr\nds ( 8 recomm5dation4 ,! libr>ian %\ld always be treat$ z a coop]ator1 & n z an un9tellig5t s]vant4 ,x w\ld always be unwise 9 him to press ! adoption ( measures until _! wisdom is g5]ally recogniz$ by ! tru/ees4 ,/ill 8 reasons = advis+ action %\ld be asc]ta9$ & duly consid]$4 ,a bo>d ( tru/ees w always d well to h ! libr>ian pres5t at its regul> meet+s4 ,8 k & exp]i5ce w be f\nd ( value4 ,8 plans w be ! bett] und]/ood4 ,he1 too1 by be+ pres5t w n only compreh5d bett] ?an 9 any o!r way ! wi%es ( ! bo>d ( tru/ees 7& its memb]s71 b1 t :i* is ( great importance w cat* ! _s :i* animates x1 & become aw>e ( ! g5]al pr9ciples :i* x desires %\ld und]lie ! adm9i/ration ( ! in/itution4 ,tru/ees %\ld be> 9 m9d t unnecess>y delays are to be avoid$1 & t1 9 ord] to keep ! memb]s ( a community 9 a cont5t$ frame ( m9d1 _! wants mu/ n only be suppli$1 b suppli$ promptly4 ,tru/ees %\ld rememb] t x is important to give libr>ians & "s ( _! assi/ants "t 9 :i* to aid us]s ( libr>ies1 in/ead ( keep+ e att5dant con/antly employ$ ab\t r\t9e "w4 ,tru/ees %\ld gu>d !mselves aga9/ ! notion t libr>y "w is easy1 & t x is only ! occupations :i* !y are usually engag$ 91 9 :i* employm5t is we>+ & h>d4 ,x mu/ n be suppos$1 f any?+ :i* ,i h said1 t ! position ( a director or tru/ee ( a libr>y is1 9 ! op9ion ( libr>ians1 a s9ecure4 ,our idea is f> f ?is1 z w be se5 if ! rem>ks already made are c>efully consid]$4 ,x %\ld be said 9 conclusion1 t "o ( ! mo/ important duties ( tru/ees is to look ar\nd among libr>ies 9 diff]5t t[ns & cities1 to read libr>y reports & acc\nts ( meet+s ( libr>ians1 ) ! purpose ( f9d+ out :e!r !y are gett+ z mu* & z good s]vice f libr>ians 9 ! communities ^: int]e/s !y h to look aft]1 z citiz5s are obta9+ 9 places :]e libr>ies & _! managem5t h atta9$ a high /&>d ( excell5ce4 ,) ! same end 9 view1 !y %\ld see to x t libr>ians are provid$ ) ! curr5t issues ( ! be/ libr>y j\rnals & ) a collection ( ! be/ bibliographical works4 ,!y %\ld also put !mselves1 & insi/ ^u libr>ians putt+ !mselves1 into vital relations ) o!r libr>ies1 & ) ! :ole body ( libr>ians4 ,libr>ians %\ld nev] =get t ! real au?ority 9 a libr>y re/s ) ! bo>d ( tru/ees1 or fail to r5d] imm$iate & cordial submission to its directions4 ,!y %\ld also seek & accept ) gratitude all practical sugge/ions t may be made to !m by tru/ees or o!r p]sons4 ,:5 any memb]s ( ! bo>d ( tru/ees are speciali/s1 !y %\ld be urg$ to give ! libr>y ! b5efit ( _! special k1 by propos+ = pur*ase li/s ( books kn[n to !m to be ( p>ticul> value4 ,i wi% to add to :at ,i h writt51 ! /atem5t t ,i h always be5 v =tunate 9 hav+ ov] me a body ( directors ( unusually good judgm5t1 & ( ! k9de/ disposition t[>d me4 ,9 fact1 ! rem>ks :i* ,i h made reg>d+ ! duties ( tru/ees h be5 sugge/$ to me by obs]vation ( ! happy results :i* h foll[$ ! adm9i/ration ( ! affairs ( my own libr>y1 by a bo>d ( directors :o h gov]n$ !mselves by rules almo/ id5tical ) ^? :i* ,i h recomm5d$ = use by bo>ds ( tru/ees & directors g5]ally4 ,,! ,,libr>y',s ,,s]vice ,,to ,,! ,,community ,?is division ( ! subject is t :i* has be5 mo/ discuss$1 & its subject matt] is t 9 :i* mo/ progress has be5 made4 ,x is cr$itable to libr>ies t :at !y d = ! public has ext5d$ & develop$ to a m>vel\sly great] degree ?an :at ! public does = !m4 ,:e!r x is equally cr$itable to ! public is ano!r /ory4 ,! fir/ sev5 pap]s reproduc$ be> on ! subject ( libr>y s]vice 9 a some:at g5]al mann] & are arrang$ *ronologically4 ,,"s ,,popul> ,,objections ,,to ,,public ,,libr>ies ,?is is probably ! fir/ treatm5t ( ! subject 9 ?is c\ntry1 & is ! lead+ article 9 ! second numb] ( ,! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,j\rnal1 z x 0 !n call$4 ,! writ]1 ,william ,f4 ,poole 0 at ! "t libr>ian ( ! ,*icago ,public ,libr>y4 ,he m5tion$ objections only to expla9 !m away4 ,x w be not$ t none ( !m w\ld be describ$ at pres5t z popul>1 & t only ! ?ird is n[ mu* he>d4 ,william ,fr$]ick ,poole 0 born 9 ,salem1 ,mass41 #ahba1 & graduat$ at ,yale 9 #ahdi1 :]e z libr>ian ( ! ,l9onian & ,bro!rs ,libr>y he f\nd$ ,poole's ,index to ,p]iodical ,lit]ature1 by :i* 8 "n is *iefly rememb]$4 ,he 0 libr>ian ( ! ,*icago ,public ,libr>y 9 #ahgc-hg1 & at 8 dea?1 ,m>* #a1 #ahid1 he 0 libr>ian ( ! ,newb]ry ,libr>y1 ,*icago1 ^: build+ he design$ on ! dep>tm5tal sy/em1 ( :i* he 0 an e>ne/ advocate4 ,he 0 ! second presid5t ( ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association1 s]v+ 9 #ahhe-hg4 ,9 ?is pap] ,i %all use ! t]m public libr>ies z mean+ free municipal libr>ies organiz$ "u ,/ate laws & support$ by g5]al taxation4 ,?is def9ition w exclude f our notice a l>ge numb] ( libr>ies e/abli%$ on o!r f\ndations1 "s ( !m ri*ly end[$ & p>tially accessible to ! public4 ,! rapid increase 9 ! numb] & importance ( public libr>ies1 bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & 9 ,engl&1 is p]haps ! mo/ m>k$ feature ( educational developm5t dur+ ! pa/ tw5ty-five ye>s2 = )9 t brief p]iod ! fir/ ( !m 0 op5$ to ! public4 ,my subject1 z ann\nc$ 9 ! programme1 requires me to speak ( popul> objections2 yet ,i mu/ confess t popul> appreciation ( ^! in/itutions1 :]e !y h be5 e/abli%$1 w\ld h furni%$ a m attractive !me4 ,z _! f\ndation involves taxation1 t prolific s\rce ( political controv]sy1 x is some:at rem>kable t 9 ! elev5 ,/ates ( our ,union :]e public-libr>y /atutes h be5 enact$1 s little public discussion has occurr$1 & s few objections h be5 (f]$4 ,i h he>d ( no in/ance :]e su* a bill 0 propos$ 9 a ,/ate legislature & 0 defeat$4 ,t all ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 :]e g5]al education & ! common-s*ool sy/em are e/abli%$1 h n by legislation provid$ also = ! public libr>y--! natural ally & supplem5t ( t sy/em--is d\btless ow+ to ! fact t ! p h n ask$ = su* legislation4 ,! unanimity ( ! vote by :i* t[ns h accept$ taxation = ! support ( public libr>ies is significant4 ,! ,commission] ( ,education at ,wa%+ton rec5tly made inquiries on ?is po9t1 & receiv$ replies f #cg t[ns & cities4 ,9 #cb ( ^! ! vote 0 unanim\s2 9 #e !re 0 a divid$ s5tim5t1 b ! vote 0 #agcj 9 favor to #eae aga9/ taxation4 ,! vote ( ! rate-pay]s 9 "s ,engli% t[ns & cities :]e free libr>ies h be5 e/abli%$ 0 z foll[s3 ,ayes4 ,noes4 ,man*e/] #cifb #dj ,w9*e/] #ccg #ac ,bolton #ffb #ee ,cambridge #hgc #gh ,ox=d #eif #gb ,%effield #hch #bcb ,kidd]m9/] #ajh #aa ,blackburn #agjj #b ,dundee1 no diss5ti5t4 ,by ! late/ /ati/ics ( ! ,bureau ( ,education1 x appe>s t !re are #ahh public libr>ies 9 elev5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,( ^! five are ,ea/]n ,/ates--,ma9e1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,v]mont1 ,massa*usetts & ,connecticut2 five are ,we/]n ,/ates--,ohio1 ,indiana1 ,ill9ois1 ,wiscons91 & ,i[a3 & "o is a ,s\!rn ,/ate--,texas4 ,eight ( ^! ,/ates h pass$ public-libr>y /atutes )9 ! pa/ t5 ye>s4 ,9 ! numb] ( libr>ies ! ,/ates rank z foll[s3 ,massa*usetts1 #abg2 ,ill9ois1 #ad2 ,new ,hamp%ire1 #ac2 ,ohio1 #i2 ,ma9e1 #h2 ,v]mont1 ,connecticut1 & ,wiscons91 #d ea*2 ,indiana1 #c2 ,i[a & ,texas1 #a ea*4 ,9 ! numb] ( volumes !y rank z foll[s 79 r\nd numb]s73 ,massa*usetts1 #ibj1jjj2 ,ohio1 #add1jjj2 ,ill9ois1 #gg1jjj2 ,new ,hamp%ire1 #eb1jjj2 ,ma9e1 #cd1jjj2 ,indiana1 #bf1jjj2 ,v]mont1 #af1jjj2 ,connecticut1 #ae1jjj2 ,texas1 #aj1jjj2 ,wiscons91 #fjjj2 ,i[a1 #ajjj4 ,! aggregate numb] ( volumes 9 ^! libr>ies is #a1cjj1jjj1 & _! annual aggregate circulation is #d1gce1jjj volumes4 ,x is noticeable t no "o ( ^! libr>ies is 9 ,new ,york1 ,p5nsylvania1 or any ( ! ,middle ,/ates4 ,! repres5tatives f ^? ,/ates 9 ?is ,conf]5ce may be able to acc\nt = ?is hiatus 9 ! /ati/ics ( ! ,bureau ( ,education4 ,9 ?is brief sket* ( ! /ati/ics ( our ,am]ican public libr>ies we h n f\nd mu* evid5ce ( popul> objections to _! inception & organization4 ,9 ,engl&1 h[ev]1 :]e ! que/ions ( national s*ools1 secul> s*ools1 & p>o*ial s*ools are /ill moot$1 ! idea ( levy+ a g5]al tax = ! support ( a libr>y free to all1 & furni%$ ) books adapt$ to ! capacities ( all classes1 0 n 9 h>mony ) ! traditions & public policy ( t p4 ,9 #ahdh1 ! same ye> t ! ,legislature ( ,massa*usetts1 at ! sugge/ion ( ,josiah ,qu9cy1 ,mayor ( ,bo/on1 pass$ an act au?oriz+ ! city ( ,bo/on to ma9ta9 a public libr>y1 ,mr4 ,william ,ew>t1 memb] ( ,p>liam5t1 mov$ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons = a committee ( inquiry respect+ libr>ies4 ,su* a committee 0 rais$1 & ,mr4 ,ew>t 0 appo9t$ *airman4 ,mu* evid5ce 0 tak52 a report 0 made2 & 9 ,febru>y1 #ahej1 a bill 0 introduc$ into ! ,h\se ( ,commons enabl+ t[n c\ncils to e/abli% public libr>ies & museums4 ,our y\ng] bre?r51 ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 says ! report1 h already anticipat$ u 9 ! =mation ( libr>ies entirely op5 to ! public4 ,! bill propos$ limit$ ! rate ( taxation to "o halfp5ny 9 ! p\nd2 requir$ ! affirmative vote ( two ?irds ( ! rate-pay]s2 re/rict$ its op]ation to t[ns :i* _h at lea/ t5 ?\s& inhabitants2 & provid$ t ! money s rais$ %\ld be exp5d$ only 9 build+ & cont+5t exp5ses4 ,?is bill1 meagre inde$ comp>$ ) ! lat] enactm5ts ( ,p>liam5t1 met p]si/5t opposition f ! cons]vative b5*es4 ,an ex-,*ancellor ( ! ,ex*equ] object$ because x did n give suffici5t p[]s to =m a libr>y2 & he %\ld object to x m /rongly if x did4 ,:o 0 to select ! books8 ,0 e publication t issu$ f ! press to be procur$8 or 0 !re to be a c5sor%ip introduc$8 ,ano!r memb] claim$ t ! bill w\ld enable a few p]sons to tax ! g5]al body ( rate-pay]s = _! own b5efit1 & ! libr>y w\ld deg5]ate into a political club4 ,col4 ,sib?orp ?\ght t1 h[ev] excell5t food = ! m9d might be1 food = ! body 0 m ne$$ by ! p4 ,i d n l read+ at all1 he said1 & hat$ x :5 ,i 0 at ,ox=d4 ,"l ,john ,mann]s said he c\ld n support ! bill1 because x w\ld impose an additional tax ^u ! agricultural int]e/4 ,mr4 ,spoon] fe>$ ^! in/itutions might be conv]t$ into normal s*ools ( agitation4 ,sir ,r\ndell ,palm]--s9ce ! ,"l ,*ancellor ( ,engl&--0 mo/ appreh5sive t ! mom5t ! compulsory pr9ciple 0 introduc$1 a positive *eck w\ld be impos$ ^u ! volunt>y1 self-support+ desire :i* exi/$ among ! p4 ,a division be+ tak5 on ! bill1 !re 7 #aah ayes & #aja noes4 ,! bill pass$ ! ,h\se ( ,commons 9 ,july1 & ! ,h\se ( ,lords1 )\t opposition1 9 ,augu/1 #ahej4 ,! ,man*e/]1 ,liv]pool1 & ,bolton free libr>ies 7 imm$iately organiz$ "u ?is act1 ! co/ ( ! books be+ defray$ by public subscription4 ,9 #ahec simil> legislation 0 ext5d$ to ,scotl& & ,irel&4 ,9 ,july1 #ahee1 ! new libr>ies hav+ gone into op]ation ) ! mo/ enc\rag+ results1 a new & m lib]al libr>y act 0 pass$1 by a vote ( ?ree to "o1 :i* rais$ ! rate ( taxation f a halfp5ny to a p5ny 9 ! p\nd1 & all[$ ! income to be exp5d$ = books4 ,its provisions 7 made to include t[ns1 bor\ghs1 p>i%es1 & di/ricts hav+ a population ( #ejjj inhabitants1 & p]mitt$ two adjo9+ p>i%es1 hav+ an aggregate population ( five ?\s&1 to unite 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( a libr>y4 ,9 #ahff ! libr>y act 0 aga9 improv$ by remov+ ! limit ( population requir$1 & r$uc+ ! two-?irds vote on ! acceptance ( ! libr>y tax to a b>e majority vote4 ,provision 0 also made = cases 9 :i* ! ov]se]s ( p>i%es refus$ or neglect$ to call a meet+ ( ! rate-pay]s to vote on ! "q4 ,any t5 rate-pay]s c\ld secure ! call+ ( su* a meet+1 & ! vote !re tak5 0 made b9d+ & legal4 ,! ,engli% free-libr>y sy/em is n[ s firmly e/abli%$ t x w n be *ang$ except to exp& & enl>ge x4 ,its *ief support]s are ! middle classes1 & artisans & labor]s1 :o1 ) _! families1 are its mo/ num]\s patrons4 ,! rec5t ext5sion ( suffrage 9 ,engl& has /r5g!n$ ! sy/em4 ,no c&idate = (ficial position :o oppos$ x c\ld hope = success4 ,x has be5 f\nd t free libr>ies h n deg5]at$ into political clubs & s*ools ( agitation4 ,no tr\ble has aris5 9 ! selection ( books1 & no c5sor%ip ( ! press 0 requir$4 ,x 0 at fir/ suppos$ t all books relat+ to religion & politics--! subjects on :i* p qu>rel mo/--mu/ be exclud$4 ,! exp]im5t ( includ+ ^! books 0 tri$ 9 ! ,man*e/] & ,liv]pool libr>ies1 :]e ! books 7 pur*as$ by private subscription1 & no controv]sy aris+ !refrom1 all appreh5sion ( evil f ?is cause 0 allay$4 ,p>liam5t d\bl$ ! rate ( taxation1 & p]mitt$ ! pur*ase ( books f ! public funds4 ,! adoption ( ! compulsory sy/em has n impos$ a *eck on ! volunt>y & self-support+ desire ( possess+ books :i* exi/$ among ! p4 ,x has /r5g!n$ t desire2 & ample pro( ( ?is /atem5t c\ld be furni%$ if ! prescrib$ limits ( ?is pap] w\ld p]mit4 ,x is s+ul> t objections to public libr>ies h come ma9ly f m5--z we h se5 f ! debate 9 ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t--:o are educat$1 & 9 g5]al matt]s ( public welf>e are intellig5t above _! fell[s4 ,^! objections1 h[ev]1 7 utt]$ be=e ! p]sons mak+ !m _h giv5 ! subject any att5tion1 & h5ce !y 7 disqualifi$ f ent]ta9+ an op9ion4 ,ne>ly all ! objections to public libr>ies :i* h be5 express$ 9 ?is c\ntry--& ^! appe> m frequ5tly 9 private conv]sation ?an 9 ! public pr9ts--may be class$ "u ?ree heads3 #a4 ,! univ]sal dread ( taxation4 ,libr>ies co/ money4 ,9 e city & t[n ( ! l& !re is a feel+ t ! pres5t rate ( taxation is all t ! prop]ty & bus9ess ( ! place w be>4 ,?is feel+ exi/$ be=e ! taxes 7 "o half _! pres5t rates4 ,!re is a g5]\s rivalry among our cities & t[ns 9 ! ma9t5ance ( good s*ools2 & localities :i* furni% ! be/ facilities = education are reg>d$ z ! mo/ desirable places = resid5ce4 ,view$ simply z a matt] ( public economy1 no city c af=d to disp5se ) its educational sy/em1 or to p]mit x to deg5]ate4 ,! public libr>y also %\ld be ma9ta9$ z ! supplem5t ( ! public s*ool1 c>ry+ =w>d ! education ( ! p f ! po9t :]e ! public s*ool leaves x4 #b4 ,!re are c]ta9 !oretical objections (f]$ to ! e/abli%m5t & ma9t5ance ( public libr>ies4 ,"o is t ! libr>y tax be>s unequally ^u ! p4 ,"s p]sons d n c>e to read books1 & o!rs pref] to pay = _! own read+4 ,! same objection is q z valid aga9/ any sy/em ( public education4 ,to lay ! burd5 ( education uni=mly ^u prop]ty1 & to tax ! own] :o has no *ildr51 or1 hav+ *ildr51 pref]s to educate !m at private s*ools1 is ano!r gl>+ in/ance ( inequality4 ,no taxation = ! ma9t5ance ( public heal?1 ! introduction ( wat] & gas1 ! con/ruction ( roads1 bridges1 & sew]s1 be>s equally ^u e memb] ( ! community4 ,if p]fect equality 9 ! di/ribution ( ^! burd5s 7 a necessity1 an organiz$ municipality w\ld be an impossibility4 ,p]haps ! mo/ popul> objection to public libr>ies is ! "o urg$ by ! few disciples ( ,h]b]t ,sp5c]--t gov]nm5t has no legitimate function except ! protection ( p]son & prop]ty1 z ! orig9al compact ( society is simply = ! purpose ( protection4 ,all else is pat]nal1 p]ta9s to ! commune1 & t5ds to p]petual antagonism4 ,! gov]nm5t may support a police1 c\rts ( ju/ice1 prisons1 p5it5ti>ies1 & simil> in/itutions1 & c d no?+ else4 ,h[ are ! p "u ?is !ory to be educat$8 ,! reply is explicit3 ,unless !y w educate !mselves1 !y are n to be educat$4 ,h[ is ! public heal? to be ma9ta9$8 ,x is n to be ma9ta9$ by any int]f]5ce ( gov]nm5t4 ,:o is to build bridges & sew]s & lay out public p>ks8 ,nobody4 ,imag9e1 if x be possible1 a community :]e su* a ,utopian !ory 0 c>ri$ out4 ,su* a gov]nm5t =tunately does n1 & nev] did1 exi/ on ! face ( ! globe4 ,! g5]al welf>e--:i* includes protection--is expressly /at$ 9 ! preamble ( ! national con/itution to be ! purpose ( our gov]nm5t1 & ! same expression is f\nd 9 ne>ly all ! /ate con/itutions4 ,:at ev] ! p desire1 & :atev] w1 9 _! judgm5t1 conduce to ! g5]al welf>e1 is a legitimate subject = gov]nm5tal action4 ,! only or?odox object ( ! in/itution ( gov]nm5t1 says ,mr4 ,jeff]son1 is to secure ! greate/ degree ( happ9ess possible to ! g5]al mass ( ^? associat$ "u x4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] wrote 8 ,social ,/atics be=e ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t pass$ an act = ! support ( public libr>ies4 ,mr4 ,ew>t's bill 0 !n be=e ,p>liam5t2 & ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 9 t "w1 took occasion to fl+ a sne] at x4 ,9 ! preface ( 8 ,am]ican edition1 writt5 9 #ahfd1 he /ates1 )\t remodell+ ! text1 t ! "w does n accurately repres5t 8 pres5t op9ions4 #c4 ,! ?ird & la/ class ( objections to public libr>ies to :i* ,i %all direct y\r att5tion relates to ! k9d & quality ( books circulat$4 ,^! objections1 :i* are usually made by educat$ & s*ol>ly p]sons1 are bas$ on an entire misconception ( ! facts 9 ! case4 ,! objectors d n dive/ !mselves ( ! old idea t libr>ies are e/abli%$ = ! exclusive b5efit ( s*ol>s2 :]eas ! purpose ( ^! is to furni% read+ = all classes 9 ! community4 ,on no o!r pr9ciple w\ld a g5]al tax = _! support be ju/ifiable4 ,! masses ( a community h v little ( lit]>y & s*ol>ly culture4 ,!y ne$ m ( ?is culture1 & ! purpose ( ! libr>y is to develop & increase x4 ,?is is done by plac+ 9 _! h&s su* books z !y c read ) pleasure & appreciate1 & by /imulat+ !m to acquire ! habit ( read+4 ,we mu/ fir/ int]e/ ! read] be=e we c educate him2 &1 to ?is end1 mu/ comm5ce at 8 own /&>d ( intellig5ce4 ,! s*ol>1 9 8 pride ( intellect1 =gets ! progressive /eps he took 9 8 own m5tal developm5t--! /ories read to him 9 ! nurs]y1 ! boy's book ( adv5ture 9 :i* he revell$ ) delight1 & ! s5tim5tal novel ov] :i* he %$ te>s 9 8 y\?4 ,our objector supposes t ! masses w read books ( 8 /&>d if !y 7 n suppli$ ) ! books to :i* he objects2 b he is mi/ak54 ,%ut up to ?is *oice1 !y w read no books4 ,:5 ! habit ( read+ is once acquir$1 ! read]'s ta/e1 & h5ce ! quality ( 8 read+1 progressively improve4 ,! /&>d hi/ories1 te*nical works ( sci5ce1 & ev5 ,%akespe>e's plays & ,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/1 are seal$ books to a l>g] portion ( e community ?an are will+ to ackn[l$ge ! fact4 ,:5 a ,boy1 said ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 ,i attempt$ t5 times to read ,milton's ',p>adise ,lo/4' ,i 0 mortifi$1 ev5 to ! %$d+ ( te>s1 t ,i c\ld n conceive :at x 0 t my fa!r & "m s mu* admir$ 9 t book4 ,i smok$ tobacco & read ,milton at ! same "t1 & = ! same motive3 to f9d out :at 0 ! recondite *>m 9 !m t gave my fa!r s mu* pleasure4 ,aft] mak+ myself sick f\r or five times ) smok+1 ,i ma/]$ t accompli%m5t2 b ,i did n ma/] ,milton4 ,i 0 ne>ly ?irty ye>s ( age :5 ,i fir/ read ',p>adise ,lo/' ) delight & a/oni%m5t4 ,if our objectors m\rn ov] ! /&>d ( books :i* are read by ! public1 !y may be consol$ by ! fact t1 z a rule1 p read books bett] ?an !mselves1 & h5ce are b5efit$ by read+4 ,a book ( a l[] intellectual or moral /&>d ?an ! read]'s is ?r[n aside 9 disgu/1 to be pick$ up & read by a p]son /ill l[] 9 ! scale ( m5tal & moral developm5t4 ,i d n lam5t1 or jo9 9 ! clamor sometimes rais$1 ov] ! /ati/ics ( prose fiction circulat$ at public libr>ies4 ,:y ?is lam5tation ov] "o specific =m ( fiction8 ,! writ]s ( su* prose fiction z is f\nd 9 our libr>ies 7 z em95t & wor?y m5 & wom5 z ! writ]s ( poetical fiction1 dramatic fiction1 or1 ,i might add1 ! fiction :i* passes 9 ! _w z hi/ory & biography4 ,hi/ory pr(esses to relate actual ev5ts1 biography to describe actual lives1 & sci5ce to unfold & expla9 natural laws & physical ph5om5a4 ,fiction treats ^! & o!r subjects1 m5tal1 moral1 s5tim5tal1 & div9e1 f an ideal or arti/ic /&po9t2 & ! great mass ( read]s pref] to take _! k 9 ?is =m4 ,m is kn[n to-day ( ! hi/ory & traditions ( ,scotl&1 & ( ! social cu/oms ( ,london1 f ! novels ( ,sir ,walt] ,scott & ,*>les ,dick5s ?an f all ! hi/ories ( ^? localities4 ,fiction is ! art elem5t 9 lit]ature1 & ! mo/ endur+ monum5ts ( g5ius 9 ! lit]ature ( any p are works ( ! imag9ation4 ,x is said t !re is mu* poor fiction1 & ! /atem5t is true4 ,s !re are _m poor pictures & poor /atues1 wret*$ *romos & m wret*$ pla/] ca/s4 ,t ^! productions f9d pur*as]s is evid5ce t !re are p]sons ^: ideal /&>d ( excell5ce is ev5 bel[ ^! feeble ef=ts1 & !y are educat$ !reby4 ,b !re are novels1 we are told1 :i* are immoral & positively debas+4 ,s !re are immoral pa9t+s & indec5t pla/ic objects4 ,! act ( photography1 ,i am told1 is debas$ to ! l[e/ purposes4 ,nobody w\ld ?9k ( object+ to art because x c be & is degrad$4 ,! libr>ian :o %\ld all[ an immoral novel 9 8 libr>y = circulation w\ld be z culpable z ! manag] ( a picture gall]y :o %\ld hang an indec5t picture on 8 walls4 ,"y p1 aga91 we are told1 read too _m novels4 ,s !y eat too mu*1 play too mu*1 g too (t5 to ! lake to ba!1 rema9 too long 9 ! wat]1 & d too mu* ( ev]y?+ 9 :i* !y take special delight4 ,! rem$y is n to deprive *ildr5 ( ^! pleasures1 b t p>5ts & gu>dians %\ld regulate !m4 ,i h nev] met a p]son ( mu* lit]>y culture :o w\ld n confess t at "s p]iod 9 8 life1 usually 9 8 y\?1 he _h read novels excessively4 ,8 special int]e/ 9 !m sudd5ly ceas$4 ,he f\nd himself ) a confirm$ habit ( read+1 an awak5$ imag9ation1 a full vocabul>y1 & a ta/e = o!r & high] classes ( lit]ature4 ,a novel 0 read occasionally 9 lat] life1 z recreation 9 ! mid/ ( pr(essional or te*nical /udies4 ,my obs]vation address$ to ?is po9t1 & ext5d+ ov] a libr>y exp]i5ce ( ?irty ye>s1 has confirm$ me 9 ! belief t !re is 9 ! m5tal developm5t ( e p]son :o lat] atta9s to lit]>y culture a limit$ p]iod :5 he craves novel-read+1 & p]haps reads novels to excess2 b f :i*1 if ! desire be gratifi$1 he passes safely out into broad] fields ( /udy1 & ?is crav+ nev] returns to him 9 its orig9al =m4 ,aga91 & f9ally1 we are told t ! read+ ( fiction %\ld be disc\rag$ because x is n true4 ,:at dep>tm5t ( lit]ature is true8 ,is x hi/ory8 ,^: hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = in/ance1 is ! true hi/ory8 ,is x ,bancr(t's8 ,mr4 ,bancr(t = =ty ye>s has be5 *ang+ ! plates ( 8 "w to an ext5t t 9 pages we c sc>cely recognize ! orig9al text1 & lately he has revis$ ! :ole 9 ! new ,c5t5nial edition4 ,! accurate /ud5t ( specialties 9 ,am]ican hi/ory w talk to y by ! h\r ( mis-/atem5ts & errors f\nd 9 ?is new issue4 ,^: hi/ory ( ! reigns ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 & ( ,que5 ,elizabe? is ! true "o8 ,is x ,hume's1 ,turn]'s1 ,l+>d's1 or ,fr\de's8 ,d n read to me hi/ory1 said a sick mon>*1 t ,i "k is a lie4 ,read to me some?+ t is true4 ,is biography true8 ,:i* ( ! score ( lives ( ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots is ! true biography8 ,is !ology true8 ,^: is ! true body ( div9ity8 ,is sci5ce true8 ,:y 0 x necess>y to rewrite all ! sci5ce 9 ! eigh? edition ( ! ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica1 = ! n9? edition8 ,hom]'s ,iliad1 ,dante's ,div9e ,com$y1 ,%akespe>e's ,hamlet & ,o!llo1 d n require to be rewritt5 e t5 or tw5ty ye>s4 ,! ,vic> ( ,wakefield1 ,ivanhoe1 & ,rob9son ,crusoe h held & w hold _! own f g5]ation to g5]ation )\t revision1 because !y are ideally true pictures ( human life & human nature4 ,%all we say t 9 lit]ature & sci5ce !re is no?+ true b fiction & ! pure ma!matics8 ,9 ! public libr>ies :i* are gr[+ up 9 our l&1 fully f\r fif?s ( ! money appropriat$ = books is sp5t 9 works adapt$ to ! wants ( s*ol>s4 ,9 ! l>g] libr>ies ! proportion is ev5 great]4 ,x is h>dly becom+ = s*ol>s1 :o enjoy ! lion's %>e1 to object to ! small proportional exp5diture = books adapt$ to ! wants ( ! masses :o be> ! burd5 ( taxation4 ,mr4 ,edw>d ,edw>ds1 ( ! ,man*e/] ,libr>y1 speak+1 9 #ahei1 ( novels & romances--:i* he circulat$ m freely ?an is done 9 any ,am]ican libr>y--rem>k$ z foll[s3 ,x may be tru?fully said t at no previ\s p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( ,engli% lit]ature has prose fiction be5 made1 9 s great a degree z ( late ye>s1 ! vehicle ( ! be/ ?\ghts ( "s ( ! be/ ?9k]s4 ,nor1 tak+ x z a :ole1 0 x ev] be=e *>act]iz$ by s mu* g5]al purity ( tone or l(t9ess ( purpose4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,use ,a ,,libr>y ,! sub/ance ( two addresses made at ,pittsfield1 ,mass41 & pr9t$ 9 ,! ,libr>y ,j\rnal = ,febru>y1 #ahhd4 ,mr4 ,hubb>d's advice ) reg>d to *ildr5's read+ 0 foll[$ long ago by specialization 9 "w ) *ildr54 ,t ) reg>d to adult fiction rema9s unhe$$4 ,"s day1 possibly we %all h adults' libr>ians & tra9+ = "w ) adults4 ,james ,masc>5e ,hubb>d 0 born 9 ,bo/on 9 #ahcf4 ,he 0 made assi/ant libr>ian ( ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y 9 #ahhd & also reorganiz$ ! ,b]k%ire ,a!naeum ( ,pittsfield1 ,mass41 9 ! same ye>4 ,among all ! pictures ( ,abraham ,l9coln none p]haps are m int]e/+ ?an two :i* repres5t sc5es at ! beg9n+ & at ! end ( 8 life4 ,9 ! fir/1 a lad ( ?irte5 or f\rte51 he is read+ by ! light ( a fire 9 8 fa!r's log hut4 ,9 ! second1 he is read+ ! ,bible to 8 sons 9 a room 9 ! ,:ite ,h\se4 ,?is ,bible1 :i* lies be=e ! ,presid5t 9 ! latt] picture1 ) a cate*ism & a spell+-book1 7 ! only books 9 t fronti] cab9 :5 he le>n$ to read4 ,?\gh 8 fa!r c\ld nei!r read nor write1 yet he took ! greate/ int]e/ 9 gett+ books = 8 son1 s t :5 he 0 eighte5 8 libr>y consi/$ ( ! ,bible1 ,pilgrim's ,progress1 ,aesop's ,fables1 ,weem's & ,ramsay's ,lives ( ,wa%+ton1 a ,life ( ,clay1 ! ,autobiography ( ,frankl91 & a copy ( ,plut>*4 ,x is note-wor?y t ! "o :i* influ5c$ him ! mo/ /rongly1 aft] ! ,bible1 0 ! ,life ( ,wa%+ton4 ,at ! v crisis ( 8 c>e]1 :5 on 8 way to ! national capital to take ! lead+ "p 9 cru%+ out ! rebellion1 he rev]t$ to ^? e>ly days1 & recall$ ! burn+ ?\ghts :i* fill$ 8 m9d :ile read+ ( ! suff]+s & sacrifices endur$ = ! sake ( fre$om by ! great patriot lead] & 8 foll[]s4 ,l9coln's exp]i5ce 01 ( c\rse1 no solit>y "o1 b x d\btless _h a great effect :5 x became g5]ally kn[n4 ,x fill$ _m m5's imag9ations ) pictures ( obscure lads ) lat5t p[]s = noble de$s 9 dang] ( be+ /unt$ or :olly de/roy$ = want ( prop] n\ri%m5t1 & !y gave freely & g5]\sly t ^! village ,hampd5s1 ^! he>ts pregnant ) sacr$ fire1 might n live useless & ignoble lives = want ( books alone4 ,h5ce to-day a l>ge section ( our c\ntry is dott$ ov] ) libr>ies1 9 :i* ! collective wisdom & exp]i5ce ( ! _w1 z x 71 are ga!r$ = ! use especially ( ! y\? ( ! nation4 ,b1 z is inevitable ) ! bless+ ( abundance1 has come its dang] also4 ,l9coln's naturally great intellectual p[]s 7 /r5g!n$ by _! be+ at fir/ ex]cis$ ^u a few subjects4 ,! possession ( a book be+ an era 9 8 e>ly life f its r>ity1 he read & re-read ea* "o :i* he got1 s z almo/ to le>n x by he>t be=e he read ano!r4 ,s ! vivid impressions receiv$ f ! lives ( ,wa%+ton & ! o!r great h]oes ( hi/ory ran no risk ( be+ dissipat$ be=e !y c\ld h _! full effect ^u 8 m9d & he>t4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is our dang] 9 ?is day ( public libr>ies & *eap lit]ature1 t ! m5tal /r5g? ( our y\? w be weak5$ ?r\gh ! too mu* read+ ( a multitude ( books4 ,z ! wat]s ( a brook :5 conf9$ to a n>r[ *annel may h p[] en\gh to set 9 motion a ?\s& sp9dles1 b if suff]$ to spread ov] ! gr\nd are n able to turn a *ild's toy :eel1 s ) ! p[]s ( ! m9d4 ,:5 direct$ to a few objects !y may be capable ( ! greate/ & mo/ b5efic5t results1 b :5 all[$ to exhau/ !mselves ^u a multitude !y are 9 dang] ( becom+ /]ile & unfruitful4 ,) ,l9coln !n1 & ) _m a fronti] & backwoods boy n[1 ! "q 0 & is1 ,h[ %all ,i get a book8 ,) a great] numb] to-day1 h[ev]1 ! m important "q is1 ,:i* book %all ,i *oose8 ,be=e attempt+ to aid any "o to answ] ?is "q = himself1 let me briefly adv]t to ! fact t !re are two k9ds ( read+ = ea* ( u1 & two correspond+ uses1 !re=e1 ( ! libr>y--! read+ = amusem5t & ! read+ = pr(it4 ,9 reg>d to ! =m]1 ,i c say b a ^w1 z x is a subject by itself4 ,& t ^w is1 let ?is read+ be ! be/ possible1 & d n let x occupy too mu* ( y\r sp>e "t4 ,books read simply = amusem5t h on mo/ a great] p[] to elevate or degrade ?an any o!rs1 & m c>e %\ld be tak5 9 select+ !m ?an 9 ! *oice ( ^? to be read = in/ruction4 ,read !n1 & put into ! h&s ( ! "y ! be/ fiction1 & %un ^? writ]s1 :atev] _! p[] or _! popul>ity1 :o reproduce 9 _! books ! slang & vulg> spee* ( ! /reets & pa9t reali/ic sc5es ( vice & crime4 ,! answ] to ! "q1 ,h[ or :at %all ,i read8 mu/ necess>ily be z v>i$ z ! ta/es1 ! tal5ts1 & ! circum/ances ( read]s v>y4 ,! g5]al aim1 h[ev]1 %\ld be ! same 9 all4 ,we %\ld read 9 ord] to d well :atev] we h to d 9 life4 ,n[ ?is implies some?+ m ?an ! read+ simply to increase "o's k--c]ta9ly a wor?y aim1 b n ! highe/4 ,! field ( k is s broad & ! "t = read+ s %ort t we mu/ necess>ily *oose ^? subjects1 ! k ( :i* w make u bett] fitt$ = our "w 9 life4 ,& ! m]e seek+ = k1 :i* is ! sole end ( mu* read+1 does n imply1 b may ev5 prev5t ! atta9+ t high] end1 ! cultivation ( our nobl] p[]s1 z ! imag9ation & ! sympa?ies1 & ! ga9+ ! p[] ( appreciat+ :at is highe/ & be/ 9 lit]ature & life4 ,= in/ance1 "o may be consci\s ( a total lack ( a love = any great writ]4 ,to him ,hom]1 ,dante1 ,%akespe>e1 ,milton1 & _! pe]s are b names4 ,n[ x may be t ! be/ use to :i* su* an "o c put a libr>y is to make at lea/ ! attempt to und]/& & enjoy "s great au?or4 ,x w be no easy task1 b "o ne$+ & wor?y ! h>de/ /udy4 ,to take1 z an illu/ration ( "o me?od1 a less] poet1 read c>efully & ?\ghtfully ,mat!w ,arnold's introduction to 8 edition ( ! select$ poems ( ,wordswor?4 ,:5ev] he ref]s to a poem1 read x be=e go+ f>!r & re-read x until ! ?\ght ( ! poet z indicat$ by ! comm5tator is reasonably cle>4 ,!n read 9 ! same mann] :at ,col]idge1 ,%airp1 ,f4,w4 ,rob]tson1 or any o!r good critic has writt5 ^u ,wordswor?4 ,&1 above all1 sometimes read ! poems z ne>ly z possible 9 ! same circum/ances "u :i* !y 7 writt5--9 ! =e/1 by ! brook-side1 9 ! solitudes ( ! m\nta9s1 or on a bridge 9 ! he>t ( a great city4 ,if ?is fail to awak5 an int]e/ 9 ,wordswor?1 try "s o!r au?or 9 a simil> way1 & x is impossible t ( all :o h /irr$ m5's he>ts ?r\gh ! ages1 no "o c be f\nd to ar\se y\r sympa?ies4 ,& :5 ! "r au?or is at l5g? f\nd1 y live on a high] plane ?an be=e4 ,?is great poet1 philosoph]1 or dramati/ has become y\r fri5d & famili> companion--a ga9 f> great] ?an ! acquirem5t ( any m]e book k4 ,! great] "p ( ano!r p]son's life may be sp5t 9 sordid surr\nd+s1 ) companions & 9 an occupation t5d+ to depress & degrade ! bett] nature4 ,i c easily conceive t x might be ! highe/ duty ( su* an "o to rema9 ignorant ( mu* useful k 9 ord] to quick5 ! imag9ation1 to enl>ge ! ta/es1 & height5 ! enjoym5ts4 ,s t :5 ! day's "w is done1 he may ex*ange ! sordid companions1 sugge/ive only ( mean ?\ghts & l[ aims1 = int]c\rse ) m5 ( pure/ & noble/ nature--m51 too1 x may be1 :o h liv$1 ?\ght1 & writt5 "u circum/ances z depress+ z ^? 9 :i* he lives & works4 ,s !re may be "s "o :o regretfully feels t 9 ,nature !re is no?+ :i* gives to him1 z to o!rs1 ! ke5e/ pleasure1 refre%+ him :5 we>i$1 enc\rag+ him :5 d[nca/4 ,:o sees no?+ 9 ! skies save signs ( ! com+ /orm1 no?+ 9 ! trees or fl[]s1 ! riv]s or ! hills1 save some?+ relat+ to 8 mat]ial com=t or discom=t4 ,! be/ use to :i* ?is man c\ld put a libr>y & 8 read+ h\rs might be to /udy ! works ( ! great int]pret]s ( nature1 z ,:ite ( ,selborne1 ,rusk91 or ,em]son4 ,& if !y %\ld op5 8 eyes s t he c look ?r\gh ,nature up to ,nature's ,god1 8 ga9 is immeasurable4 ,n[1 9 nei!r ( ^! in/ances is ! increase ( k ! aim set be=e ! read]1 b ! developm5t ( "s dw>f$ faculty ^: gr[? is necess>y to ! lead+ ( a noble life4 ,b :]e ! increase ( k is ! direct end s\ght1 ! value ( ! k 9 itself mu/ n be t alone :i* decides "o 9 ! *oice ( books1 or incites him to read+1 b ! use to :i* x c & ought to be put4 ,an employ] ( labor1 = in/ance1 "o :o is imm$iately responsible = ! welf>e ( a l>ge numb] ( workm51 _c1 ) any true conception ( 8 duty z a ma/]1 devote 8 "t = read+ to acquir+ a k ( hi/ory1 sci5ce1 or lit]ature1 if he "k no?+ ( ! pr9ciples und]ly+ ! relations ( capital to labor1 if he is ignorant ( ! dang]s1 ! temptations1 ! ne$s & rights ( 8 workpeople4 ,h[ev] well-in=m$ on o!r subjects1 he has read to f> less advantage ?an if 8 books _h be5 *os5 ) a direct purpose to fit him to d 8 duty z a ma/]4 ,s _m a p>5t ought1 = a "t at lea/1 to read ) a view :olly to prep>e himself = ! wise moral & m5tal tra9+ ( 8 *ildr54 ,& on ! o!r h& a man %\ld read ! hi/ory ( 8 c\ntry1 n m]ely t he may n blu% f consci\s ignorance ( x1 b t1 kn[+ :at 8 h]itage ( fre$om co/ to obta91 he may also come to ! conviction t x is n 8 to enjoy simply1 b x is a sacr$ tru/ to be acc\nt$ =1 h[ev] humble 8 position4 ,x c\ld n be m humble ?an ,l9coln's1 & yet none c d\bt t to ! _s 9 :i* he read ,am]ican hi/ory 0 l>gely due 8 future fitness = ! great "w :i* ,god gave him to d4 ,to :at highe/ & mo/ pr(itable use c ,i put my read+8 is ! "q !n :i* ea* "o %\ld ask himself1 & accord+ z ! answ] is1 s %\ld ! *oice be made4 ,x may be t "o w read t he may und]/& bett] 8 duties & privileges z a citiz52 ano!r1 t he may be a j ma/]1 or an intellig5t & fai?ful workman2 /ill ano!r1 t %e may be a wise p>5t2 :ile a f\r? may h ! /rong conviction t ev]y?+ else %\ld be laid aside = ! /udy ( "o ( ! ma/]pieces ( ! _w's lit]ature1 t he may develop 8 high] faculties & become a man ?9k+ l(ty ?\ghts & capable ( noble de$s4 ,b !re is a v l>ge class ( read]s1 especially ( a public libr>y1 to :om :at ,i h j said w be ( b little use4 ,& z x is ^u !m t ! *oice ( books has ! greate/ influ5ce = good or evil1 x is to speak ( _! int]e/s t ,i turn ) ! deepe/ solicitude4 ,?is class may be subdivid$ into two classes--! *ildr5 ( intellig5t p>5ts :o are capable ( direct+ _! read+1 & ^? *ildr5 :o h none to guide !m 9 _! *oice4 ,z reg>ds ! =m]1 "o ( ! greate/ dang]s ( ! public libr>y1 9 my op9ion1 is t _m p>5ts ?r[ (f all responsibility z to ! books _! *ildr5 read ^u ^? :o h *>ge ( ! libr>y4 ,a g5]ation ago1 all ! books1 z a rule1 :i* ! "y read 7 b\ght especially = !m by _! p>5ts or fri5ds1 ) m or less c>e 9 ! selection4 ,( c\rse "u ^! circum/ances !y _h a g5]al k ( :at _! *ildr5 read4 ,n[ a great _m p>5ts nei!r "k1 nor d !y app>5tly seem to c>e to "k1 :at books fall into _! *ildr5's h&s1 s long z !y are f ! public libr>y1 :i* is suppos$ to be a gu>antee = _! fitness = "y read]s4 ,)\t ent]+ "h ^u ! important "q z to :at books %\ld or %\ld n be put 9 a public libr>y1 x is en\gh to say t no intellig5t p>5t1 ) a "r idea ( 8 duty t[>d 8 *ildr51 c prop]ly lay ?is responsibility ^u p]sons1 h[ev] c>efully *os5 or h[ev] fai?ful 9 ! dis*>ge ( _! duties4 ,! capacity ( *ildr5 = receiv+ good or bad impressions f books diff]s1 z _! features & =ms v>y4 ,! same /ory might prove h>mless to "o boy & give a moral twi/ to ano!r's m9d f :i* he might nev] recov]4 ,"o girl might receive f a book a hundr$ evil sugge/ions1 hopelessly deprav+ h] imag9ation1 :ile ^u ano!r x might n leave a s+le evil trace4 ,n[1 x is n possible = ! mo/ scrupul\s libr>ian to discrim9ate betwe5 ^! two1 & refuse ! book to ! "o & freely give x to ! o!r4 ,& !re=e no libr>y ) a l>ge & miscellane\s collection ( /ories & novels c be safe = *ildr5 freely to use except "u ! c>eful sup]vision ( _! p>5ts4 ,! only safegu>d ( :i* ,i "k is = p>5ts to read mu* ) _! *ildr51 to int]e/ !mselves 9 _! books1 & to talk ) !m ab\t !m4 ,^? /ories1 = in/ance1 aga9/ :i* !re has be5 su* an outcry ( late ye>s1 w\ld h b small p[] to hurt t boy to :om a fa!r _h tak5 ! pa9s to po9t out ! absurdities1 ! unrealities1 ! false ideas & aims ( :i* !y are accus$4 ,b 9 our cities & l>ge t[ns !re c be no d\bt t ! great] numb] ( ! y\ng] read]s ( a public libr>y belong to ! second ( ! two classes ref]r$ to--^? :o h none to guide !m 9 ! *oice ( _! books4 ,! mo/ ( ^! come1 ( c\rse1 simply = amusem5t1 )\t a ?\ght ( any bett] use ( ! libr>y4 ,b a few come ) o!r & high] aims4 ,"s1 ) no specially /rong ta/es or m ?an ord9>y capacities1 m]ely wi% to read t :i* w cultivate _! m9ds & increase _! k1 or w be pr(itable to !m 9 _! "w4 ,a v few !re are1 h[ev]1 9 e l>ge t[n1 ) intellects ( no mean ord] & /rong ambitions1 :o turn to ! libr>y in/9ctively = t :i* w satisfy ! crav+s ( _! intellects & ! prompt+s ( _! ambitions4 ,a y\? ) ! in/9cts ( a ,l9coln or a ,web/] comes to read ! hi/ory ( 8 c\ntry4 ,ano!r1 ) ! lat5t p[]s ( a ,nasmy?1 a ,/ev5son1 or an ,arkwright1 wants ! books :i* w give full play to 8 inv5tive faculties4 ,ano!r f9ds a /range & irresi/ible attraction 9 natural ph5om5a1 9 ! habits ( plants & animals1 9 ! =mation ( ! rocks & ! hills1 9 ! aspects ( ! skies & ! movem5ts ( ! />s4 ,n[1 x w dep5d v mu* ^u ! fir/ *oice ( _! books1 & ! subsequ5t direction ( _! read+1 :e!r !y w become m5 useful to ! communities 9 :i* !y live & add sub/antial mat]ial to ! sum ( human k1 z /atesm51 inv5tors1 naturali/s1 or a/ronom]s4 ,! dang] is t1 = lack ( prop] guidance & re/ra9t1 !y w dissipate _! m5tal en]gies & lose sight ( all high aims by too mu* & too vague read+4 ,if ! public libr>y is to be 9 fact1 :at x is 9 !ory1 an educat+ p[] second only to ! *ur* & ! s*ool1 & supplem5t+ ! "w ( bo?1 !re mu/ be "s me?od devis$ by :i* su* read]s z ^! may be help$ to *oose ! "r books4 ,)\t su* aid1 giv5 cont9ually & sy/ematically1 ! libr>y fails 9 ! pr9cipal end = :i* x 0 f\nd$--! elevation & in/ruction ( ! p4 ,we might z well turn our *ildr5 into a s*ool-h\se1 fully furni%$ ) books & app>atus1 b ) only a janitor to see t no injury is done to !m1 & expect ! *ildr5 to make a wise use ( _! opportunities1 to take up & pursue ! prop] /udies )\t ! aid ( a ma/]1 z to give *ildr5 ! free range ( a great libr>y & expect !m undirect$ to make a wise use ( its advantages z a means ( education4 ,x is1 !re=e1 9 my op9ion1 a mo/ p]nici\s error to enc\rage "y p1 ( ! l[] classes especially1 to come to a libr>y1 & to give !m poor /ories 9 ! mi/ak5 belief t1 ! ta/e = read+ be+ develop$1 !y w naturally & surely rise f ^! to bett] books4 ,su* a belief is contr>y to all our exp]i5ce ( human nature4 ,) c>eful guidance & re/ra9t a boy may be br\ght f ! ,dime novel to read ,scott & ,macaulay4 ,b )\t ?is re/ra9t & guidance1 :]e "o w rise1 a hundr$1 a ?\s& r1 w rema9 at ! level f :i* !y />t$1 or m naturally s9k to /ill l[] dep?s4 ,! "q is1 ,c any?+ be done to help ! "y :o ?rong our public libr>ies to read well & wisely8 ,%all ^! boys & girls1 ) _! unkn[n p[]s bo? = good & evil1 be left to grope helplessly amid ^! treasures ( wisdom & k :i* our libr>ies conta91 or %all ! attempt at lea/ be made to give !m a k9dly & intellig5t guidance8 ,?is "w1 ( su* incalculable importance1 ,i ha/5 to say1 is already well done to a c]ta9 ext5t by a few libr>ians 9 ! c\ntry4 ,b x is a "w :i* requires "t1 pati5ce1 tact1 an insight into "*1 & a v v>i$ & ext5sive k4 ,x is evid5t t ! libr>ians :o comb9e ^! requisites are few 9 numb]4 ,x is a "w :i* _c be done by !m z a class4 ,nor c x be done by ! ord9>y catalogues1 h[ev] skilfully prep>$4 ,= x is evid5t t !re ne$s to be "s p]sonal k ( ea* read]'s capacities 9 ord] to help him intellig5tly & pr(itably4 ,nor is x some?+ :i* ! s*ool-tea*]s1 will+ ?\gh _m ( !m are1 c d1 except 9 a limit$ degree1 z _m ( ^? :o ne$ help are n s*ool-*ildr54 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 a few p]sons 9 e t[n fitt$ by _! education & _! circum/ances 9 life = ?is "w1 & x is to !m we mu/ f9ally appeal4 ,! mo/ practical plan1 pres5t+ on ! :ole ! fewe/ difficulties1 seems to be ! foll[+3 ,let ^? p]sons :o are will+ to make ! attempt to give ?is in/ruction 9 read+ *oose ea* a subject1 z g5]al ,hi/ory1 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,sci5ce1 ,travels1 ,biography1 ,fiction1 or ,*ildr5's /ories1 & see :at _! public libr>y conta9s on ^! subjects4 ,9 due "t notice c\ld be giv5 t all p]sons wi%+ help 9 ! *oice ( books 9 any ( ^! subjects c\ld be aid$ by apply+ to ! libr>ian4 ,he w\ld ref] ! inquir] to t p]son :o has *os5 ?is subject1 :o w naturally endeavor to f9d out some?+ ( ! "*1 circum/ances1 & abilities ( ! applicant be=e select+ ! books be/ fitt$ 9 8 or h] op9ion = him to read4 ,no d\bt1 at fir/1 !re w\ld be few to apply1 & mi/akes w\ld be made f lack ( exp]i5ce4 ,b1 if only "o read] 0 sub/antially aid$1 if only "o bright y\? 0 rescu$ f ! dang] ( dissipat+ 8 en]gies by aimless or deprav+ read+1 all ! labor w\ld be amply rew>d$1 to say no?+ ( ! b5efit :i* ! guide himself1 9 prep>+ = 8 "w1 w\ld receive4 ,i d n believe1 h[ev]1 t ! applicants = guidance w\ld be few1 :5 x 0 kn[n among ! "w-p ( our mills1 our %ops & /ores1 among ! poor1 t e "o com+ to ! libr>y ask+ = aid w\ld f9d "s "o ready1 z x 71 to take him by ! h&1 & lead him f book to book1 s long z he ne$$ help4 ,i am confid5t t x w\ld be an invaluable s]vice if "s "o or two p]sons %\ld take ! pa9s to become acqua9t$ ) ! "* ( ! books = ! *ildr5 & ! novels conta9$ 9 a libr>y4 ,!re are _m p>5ts :o feel in/9ctively ! tru? ( ! words ( ,f4,w4 ,rob]tson1 t a man's "* & m9d are m\ld$ = good or evil f> m by ! =ms ( imag9ation :i* surr\nd 8 *ildhood ?an by any subsequ5t sci5tific tra9+4 ,_m an anxi\s b ignorant p>5t :o sees 9 h] boys & girls a crav+ = books1 at :i* %e rejoices ) trembl+1 w\ld turn ) he>t-felt gratitude--,i speak ) ! fulle/ confid5ce1 because ,i speak f exp]i5ce--to "o :o w\ld give !m advice z to ! books :i* _! *ildr5 might safely read & ^? :i* !y %\ld %un4 ,x is only by "s su* means z ?is t ! public libr>y c be made a real educat+ p[] = ! masses4 ,9 f> too _m places1 n[1 x is simply a place :]e *ildr5 c get /ory-books at ! public exp5se4 ,?is _c long cont9ue1 & ,i believe t ! great] "p ( ! libr>ies :i* cont9ue to d ?is "w )\t an ef=t to fulfil _! high] mission1 w surely & inevitably die1 z ! ,di/rict ,s*ool & ,agricultural libr>ies di$ fifty ye>s ago4 ,! responsibility re/s ) ! p ( ea* place :]e !re is a public libr>y1 z to :i* ( two ends %all be rea*$4 ,x may be m]ely a means = furni%+ amusem5t = an h\r1 or x may be a c5tral beacon f :5ce ! rays ( light %all /ream into e h\se4 ,,adaptation ,,( ,,libr>ies ,,to ,,con/itu5cies ,prep>$ by ,samuel ,s4 ,gre51 !n libr>ian ( ! ,worce/]1 ,mass4 ,public ,libr>y & a memb] ( ! ,/ate ,libr>y ,commission1 = ! ,_w's ,libr>y ,congress held at ! ,columbian ,exposition 7,*icago1 #ahic7 & pr9t$ 9 ! gov]nm5t report !reon4 ,! adaptation favor$ by ,mr4 ,gre5 consi/s 9 we$+ out unfitt+ books4 ,melvil ,dewey1 z editor ( ?is volume ( pap]s1 tells u 9 a foot-note t 9 ! discussion ( ,mr4 ,gre5's pap]1 ?is process 0 n g5]ally approv$ except z ! fir/ /ep 9 a transf] to o!r libr>ies4 ,presid5t ,eliot's sugge/ion ( res]voir libr>ies = /orage is a lat] /age1 9 ! same l9e ( ?\ght4 ,a sket* ( ,mr4 ,gre5 appe>s 9 ,vol4 ,i4 ( ?is s]ies4 ,,note4--,) ?is pap] %\ld be read ^? pages ( ! ,*icago discussions 9 :i* x 0 po9t$ out by lead+ libr>ians t to we$ out safely w\ld require mu* co/ly exp]t s]vice2 t ! mo/ hurtful criticism w\ld be attacks aft] inevitable cases :]e "s "o w\ld greatly wi% a book t _h be5 )drawn z useless2 t ! pr9t$ catalogs already circulat$ w\ld be made untru/wor?y by p>t+ ) any volume includ$2 t :at "o wise & le>n$ man w\ld ?r[ out z tra%1 ano!r equally wise & le>n$ w\ld consid] specially valuable because ( diff]+ p]sonal equations4 ,9 %ort1 t h[ev] excell5t 9 !ory1 x 0 p]haps ! mo/ difficult ?+ 9 libr>ian%ip to put successfully 9 practice4 ,:ile few favor$ we$+ out simply to ga9 room by gett+ rid ( books little want$1 _m believe 9 transf]r+ to o!r libr>ies :i* h a di/9ctly great] ne$ ( !m4--,m4,d4 ,a resid5t ( a ,massa*usetts t[n to :i* ! ,commonweal? 0 ab\t to give #ajj wor? ( books came to secure my influ5ce z a memb] ( ! ,/ate free public libr>y commission to h a l>ge "p ( ! #ajj sp5t = r>e & exp5sive books on ,massa*usetts hi/ory4 ,z a l>ge & valuable libr>y made up pr9cipally ( books ( t class 0 soon to be giv5 to ano!r small t[n 9 ! same c\nty1 x w\ld h be5 manife/ly unwise to grant ?is reque/4 ,x seems unwise also to place a /ud5ts' libr>y 9 a small t[n :]e !re are few :o w use x4 ,x w\ld be bett] to give ! libr>y to a fl\ri%+ in/itution at a c\nty seat1 on condition t x %all be op5 = free consultation by all resid5ts ( ! c\nty1 & t1 "u prop] rules1 books may be l5t f x to inhabitants ( small] t[ns = use at home4 ,9 ?is way ! libr>y w\ld be s plac$ t mo/ p]sons wi%+ to make inve/igations w\ld h ! books ne> home1 & ! comp>atively few inve/igators 9 ! small] t[ns1 su* z ! man 9 ! t[n fir/ m5tion$1 w\ld also h _! int]e/s provid$ =4 ,! tru/ees ( ! ,?omas ,crane ,public ,libr>y at ,qu9cy1 ,mass41 h conclud$1 utiliz+ ! exp]i5ce ( _m ye>s1 t a work+ libr>y ( #ae1jjj volumes is suffici5t to supply ! g5]al wants ( ! #bj1jjj resid5ts ( ! city4 ,x is propos$ n to let ! libr>y gr[ beyond #bj1jjj volumes :ile ! wants ( ! city rema9 :at !y are1 & :5 x exce$s t numb] ( volumes to cut x d[n by tak+ out books t nev] h be5 ne$$ 9 a popul> libr>y l t 9 ,qu9cy or t h become useless4 ,x hav+ become evid5t t an addition w\ld pres5tly h to be made to ! build+ if ! rec5t rate ( increase %\ld cont9ue1 x seem$ be/ to ! tru/ees to beg9 at once to r$uce ! size ( ! libr>y4 ,!y proce$$1 "u ! able lead]%ip ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,francis ,adams1 to remove f ! libr>y l>ge numb]s ( ,gov]nm5t docum5ts1 unnecess>y duplicates1 books ( an outgr[n ephem]al int]e/1 & ^? unsuit$ to ! locality4 ,tw5ty-"o hundr$ & =ty-five volumes 7 remov$ imm$iately4 ,! ,qu9cy libr>y1 by adopt+ ?is c\rse1 relieves itself f v consid]able prospective exp5ses & secures money to use 9 increas+ its usefulness4 ,"p ( ! plan is to keep ! pr9t$ catalogs ( ! small libr>y up to date & to scatt] copies ( !m widely ?r\gh\t ! city by sell+ !m at a nom9al price4 ,x is always exp5sive to prep>e & pr9t a good catalog2 x is v exp5sive to issue new editions frequ5tly4 ,/ill1 if a popul> libr>y is to d its "w well x mu/ introduce its con/itu5ts to its books by means ( frequ5t revis$ editions ( a good1 pr9t$ catalog4 ,! ,?omas ,crane ,libr>y has be5 fam\s = ! excell5ce ( its annotat$ catalog & = li/s ( books on special subjects = ! use ( s*ool *ildr54 ,x proposes 9 future to use m money ?an 9 ! pa/ 9 mak+1 pr9t+1 & keep+ up to date good catalogs1 &1 9 ord] to make x practicable to d s1 to keep d[n ! numb] ( volumes 9 ! libr>y1 ?us r$uc+ ! exp5ses ( catalog+1 & also to save money 9 h\s+ its books4 ,t is to say1 x is act+ on ! well-e/abli%$ pr9ciple t a small libr>y well catalog$1 if at all adapt$ 9 ! numb] ( its volumes to ! size ( a t[n1 is ( incalculably great] advantage to its con/itu5cy ?an "o _m times l>g] b poorly equipp$ ) catalogs4 ,x is a di/9ctive feature ( ! ,qu9cy plan n to make ! libr>y a special ref]5ce libr>y4 ,t city is v ne> ,bo/on & ,cambridge1 :i* x is well kn[n are ri*ly suppli$ ) l>ge g5]al & num]\s special libr>ies4 ,:5 a man appe>s 9 ,qu9cy :o wi%es to make a m9ute inquiry on "s special subject1 x is propos$ to ref] him to ! great libr>ies 9 ! neighbor+ cities1 & to conf9e ! ef=ts ( ! tru/ees ( ! ,qu9cy libr>y to supply+ ! g5]al wants ( its con/itu5cy4 ,"h1 !n1 is a bold attempt at adapt+ a libr>y to its con/itu5cy4 ,%all x be second$8 ,_m w hold x unwise to discuss su* a subject publicly4 ,rememb]+ _m ill-judg$ ef=ts at economy by ignorant1 un$ucat$1 or p>simoni\s m5 9 t[n meet+s & on libr>y bo>ds1 !y w pron\nce x hurtful to libr>ies to po9t out to su* m5 t "s libr>y exp]ts consid] x well to keep d[n exp5ses = catalog+ & h\s+ books by we$+ out libr>ies4 ,p]haps !y are "r4 ,:e!r !y are s or n1 h[ev]1 _! objection is too late4 ,! matt] n[ "u consid]ation is und]go+ public discussion1 & x is important t m5 hav+ special k ( libr>y matt]s %\ld contribute n[ ! results ( _! exp]i5ce4 ,unreasonable m5 9 t[n meet+s & 9 bo>ds ( tru/ees mu/ be answ]$1 & reasonable m5 & wom5 ne$ to und]/& ?or\ghly ! subject 9 ord] t _! answ]s may be discrim9at+ & wise4 ,once1 :5 ! ,libr>ian ( ,congress ask$ t an addition be made to ! libr>y rooms1 a memb] is said to h urg$ t in/ead ( enl>g+ ! ,capitol1 ! libr>y %\ld be we$$ out4 ,su* a plan w\ld be reg>d$ g5]ally z exce$+ly fooli%4 ,!re mu/ be 9 _m p>ts ( ?is broad l& l>ge & gr[+ libr>ies :i* w aim to ga!r v l>ge g5]al & special collections n limit$ to books ( intr9sic m]it4 ,su* libr>ies w h to get _m books ( little value 9 !mselves to enable /ud5ts to /udy subjects hi/orically4 ,x w\ld inde$ be v silly to we$ out ! ,congressional ,libr>y4 ,some:]e !re %\ld be accessible 7& :]e bett] ?an 9 t libr>y87 e book1 pamphlet1 & map publi%$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,congressional ,libr>y %\ld be a great national libr>y l ! ,biblio!que ,nationale & ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! ,qu9cy plan w\ld n "w well ev5 9 a place ! size ( ,worce/]1 ,mass41 ) a population ( only #ij1jjj or #ie1jjj1 & b #dd miles f ,bo/on1 = x is a c5t] ( important educational in/itutions & ( inquir]s1 & !re=e ne$s l>ge ref]5ce libr>ies4 ,cambridge1 ?\gh v mu* ne>] ,bo/on ?an ,qu9cy1 becomes1 because ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 a c5t] :]e !re mu/ be a l>ge libr>y4 ,x is too great an inconv5i5ce = ,h>v>d pr(essors & /ud5ts to rely1 except = book r>ities1 on libr>ies ev5 s ne> z ^? 9 ,bo/on4 ,on ! o!r h&1 consid] ! ,john ,adams ,libr>y at ,qu9cy4 ,x 0 collect$ by ,presid5t ,john ,adams 9 ,europe & ,am]ica1 & und\bt$ly conta9s _m valuable books4 ,b is x 9 place 9 ,qu9cy8 ,x 0 =m]ly kept 9 ! ,adams ,academy1 b n prov+ useful !re1 x 0 transf]r$ to ! ,?omas ,crane ,public ,libr>y1 :]e x n[ is4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,francis ,adams rec5tly said t he only knew ( ?is ,john ,adams ,libr>y hav+ be5 consult$ once 9 =ty ye>s1 & t !n he 0 himself ! consult]4 ,x is m conv5i5t = ,mr4 ,adams to make 8 _m rese>*es 9 ! great libr>ies 9 ,bo/on & ,cambridge ?an 9 ,qu9cy1 & 8 op9ion is t ?is libr>y %\ld be giv5 to ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y1 :]e x w\ld be ( great value 9 supplem5t+ ! collections1 & w\ld be readily accessible to ! class ( /ud5ts :o w\ld use x4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 ,qu9cy w\ld be unwill+ to give up ?is libr>y1 :i* m>ks its connection ) a v di/+ui%$ man4 ,:ile x is a di/9ctive feature ( ! ,qu9cy plan n to make ! public libr>y a special ref]5ce libr>y1 its success dep5ds on hav+ l>ge ref]5ce libr>ies ne> at h&4 ,9 "o respect x enc\rages mak+ ! libr>y a special libr>y1 namely1 on local int]e/s & hi/ory4 ,z to ! sav+ 9 exp5se possible "u ! ,qu9cy plan1 :ile money is sav$ :i* w\ld ord9>ily be us$ 9 h\s+ books & 9 o!r ways1 increas$ exp5diture1 x %\ld be rememb]$1 is contemplat$ 9 frequ5t issues ( improv$ catalogs4 ,z ,i %all soon %[1 ! plan1 if well c>ri$ out1 requires o!r exp5ditures4 ,!re are _m small libr>ies :i* d n ne$ we$+4 ,if a libr>y ne$s we$+1 z _m und\bt$ly d1 w x be we$$ out wisely8 ,broad-m9d$ intellig5ce is ne$ful = ?is k9d ( "w1 z well z education & exp]i5ce 9 libr>y "w4 ,an exp]t is z mu* ne$$ 9 ?is "w ( we$+ out z 9 select+ books = a libr>y at its />t4 ,great h>m might result f injudici\s disc>d+4 ,ano!r objection likely to be made to ! ,qu9cy plan is t x w\ld (t5 be difficult to decide h[ l>ge a libr>y is ne$$ 9 a t[n or city1 & t ?is difficulty w\ld be magnifi$ 9 a gr[+ t[n4 ,/ill1 if a ?+ is desirable x %\ld be done 9 spite ( difficulties4 ,=esight mu/ be ex]cis$ & g5]\s provision made = ! probable gr[? ( t[ns1 & ! numb] ( volumes *ang$ z *anges 9 ! size ( population or o!r consid]ations dem&4 ,suppos+ a mi/ake has be5 made1 ! we$+ has be5 made ) ! accessibility 9 view ( l>ge & special libr>ies 9 t[ns & cities ne> by4 ,^? t[ns & cities w /ill rema9 ne> to ! t[n :i* has gr[n unexpect$ly l>ge2 _! libr>ies w /ill be accessible = ref]5ce4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! old /ate ( ?+s & ! new is likely to be t ! books w be us$ m "u *ang$ circum/ances ?an =m]ly4 ,b h[ provide "u ! ,qu9cy plan = /ud5ts :o c n af=d "t & money to frequ5t ! l>ge libr>ies ev5 9 t[ns or cities ne> by2 & suppos+ ?is numb] ( special inquir]s becomes consid]able1 c y hope t !y w receive a cordial welcome & sympa!tic assi/ance 9 l>ge neighbor+ libr>ies8 ,dang]s "h h9t$ at mu/ be gu>d$ aga9/4 ,libr>ians & tru/ees %\ld be on ! look\t = inquir]s & help !m to get at ! books ne$$4 ,x is propos$ to help !m by prep>+ & issu+ (t5 improv$ pr9t$ catalogs4 ,p]sonal assi/ance w\ld also evid5tly be ne$$ "u ! new plan4 ,9 "s cases x w\ld be necess>y to buy books4 ,9 o!rs ! inve/igator might be introduc$ to ! (fic]s ( ! libr>y1 or by "s influ5tial p]son to ! (fic]s ( a l>ge neighbor+ libr>y ) ref]5ce to 8 be+ all[$ to borr[ if he c\ld n use books on ! premises4 ,! same ?+ might p]haps be bett] accompli%$ by a loan f ! l>ge to ! small libr>y4 ,! small libr>y might h to pay = ?is privilege4 ,x might be desirable1 if an inve/igator _h leisure b n money1 = ! small libr>y to pay 8 c> f>e to ! t[n :]e ! libr>y to be consult$ is situat$4 ,l>ge libr>ies z n[ con/itut$ are v oblig+1 & cont9ually ext5d c\rtesies to small] in/itutions4 ,! p ( ,worce/]1 = example1 e week1 & sometimes (t5]1 h books borr[$ = _! use f ! ,surgeon-,g5]al's libr>y1 ,wa%+ton1 f ,h>v>d1 ! ,bo/on ,a!naeum1 ,columbia1 ,yale1 & o!r libr>ies4 ,_m in/itutions are already ext5d+ gratuit\sly su* privileges4 ,suppos+ x 7 to become ! cu/om ( small libr>ies to s5d books & pamphlets :i* !y c get1 b d n ne$1 to l>ge neighbor+ libr>ies :]e !y w\ld be useful4 ,su* action w\ld lead to an ex*ange ( v>i\s civilities4 ,!n1 too1 z ! desirability ( hav+ l>ge libr>ies help small] ones by loans ( books becomes m & m obvi\s1 w n p]sons ( means give money to ! =m] to enable !m to d ?is k9d ( "w = small t[ns g5]ally or = p>ticul> t[ns 9 :i* !y may be specially int]e/$8 ,mr4 ,adams's advice to libr>ies is1 n to accumulate books promiscu\sly1 b to practice a sy/ematic diff]5tiation 9 collect+4 ,books :i* cumb] ! %elves ( "o libr>y may be ( ! greate/ value 9 ano!r4 ,! public docum5ts only ( its own t[n & ,/ate1 & a few ( ! national docum5ts relat+ to matt]s ( g5]al int]e/1 are 9 place 9 ! libr>y ( a small t[n4 ,b all public docum5ts h come to be ( ! greate/ s]vice 9 l>ge libr>ies & 9 libr>ies connect$ ) important educational in/itutions4 ,ev5 ^? :i* seem drie/1 because exclusively ( /ati/ics1 are mu* 9 dem& 9 colleges :]e /ud5ts ( hi/ory & political economy are requir$ to exam9e orig9al s\rces4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,a4 ,cutt] said sev]al ye>s ago1 reg>d+ ! prop] disposition ( pamphlets1 t local pamphlets %\ld be giv5 to local libr>ies1 pr(essional or sci5tific pamphlets to special libr>ies1 miscellane\s & all sorts ( pamphlets to l>g] g5]al libr>ies4 ,?is is excell5t advice4 ,ev5 l>ge g5]al libr>ies practice diff]5tiation1 _m ( !m exclud+ pr(essional books & leav+ special libr>ies 9 _! neighborhood to accumulate !m4 ,a ,/ate libr>y may prop]ly make a specialty ( public docum5ts1 & p]haps law books1 & pay little att5tion to accumulat+ o!r books4 ,a g5]al subscription libr>y ) a con/itu5cy ma9ly ( p ( leisure may f9d x m useful to collect books 9 belles-lettres1 biography1 hi/ory1 travel1 etc41 ?an to buy _m deal+ ) indu/rial subjects4 ,b a public libr>y 9 a great manufactur+ t[n1 or a special libr>y = ar*itects & eng9e]s1 mu/ specialize on te*nical books4 ,x is n propos$ to de/roy books tak5 out ( libr>ies :]e !y are n ne$$1 b to place !m )9 rea* ( ^? mo/ ne$+ !m1 ei!r ?r\gh o!r libr>ies or auction rooms or secondh& book/ores4 ,no c\nt5ance w\ld be giv5 to su* a proce$+ z t ( ! adm9i/rators ( ! e/ate ( ! well-kn[n collector ( old books1 ,mr4 ,t4,o4,p4,h4 ,burnham1 :o are said to h s5t a ton or m ( mat]ial f 8 /ock to ! pap] mill4#e ,! p ( ,worce/] act m wisely4 ,!y empty _! attics into ! rooms ( ! ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian ,society or ^? ( ! local ,society ( ,antiquity4 ,h\sekeep]s !re1 too1 dispose simil>ly ( su* books z turn up 9 spr+ clean+ & are f\nd to be 9 ! way4 ,an ext5sive sy/em ( ex*ange is 9 op]ation "u ! auspices ( ! =m] society1 & books & pamphlets s5t to ! rooms ( ei!r society1 f9d _! way to p]sons & libr>ies :]e !y are ne$$1 & ! two antiqu>ian societies enri* _! collections by ! ex*anges made4 #e ,x is conceivable t aft] a lifetime ( buy+ :ole attics ( reject$ books & pres]v+ ^? :i* no "o w\ld buy at any price1 out ( an imm5se /ock !re might be a ton ( duplicate s*oolbooks1 incomplete volumes1 & o!r books & pamphlets :i* c\ld n ev5 be giv5 away to any libr>y2 s9ce ! l>ge libr>ies w\ld h copies & ! small] ones w\ld n e/eem !m wor? %elf room4--,m4,d4 ,col4 ,?omas ,w5twor? ,higg9son rec5tly /at$ t a tru/ee ( ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on1 told him t he sp5t a consid]able "p ( 8 "t 9 refus+ gifts (f]$ to ! museum4 ,?is tru/ee is probably wise 9 decl9+ gifts4 ,!re are _m books & pamphlets (f]$ to libr>ies :i* !y w\ld n f9d useful4 ,^! %\ld be accept$ only on condition t !y may be plac$ :]ev] !y w be mo/ valuable4 ,diff]5tiation is specially desirable 9 ! smalle/ libr>ies4 ,:5 b little money is available = buy+ books ! small am\nt %\ld be sp5t ) close/ reg>d to actual ne$s ( ! con/itu5cy4 ,n infrequ5tly intellig5t ent]ta9m5t & elem5t>y in/ruction w be ! pr9ciples t %\ld guide 9 select+ books = small libr>ies4 ,) intellig5t coop]ation sev]al small neighbor+ t[ns might adopt to advantage ! sugge/ion t ea* ( !m sp5d a few doll>s a ye> on a specialty1 su* z botany1 geology1 zoology2 e t[n tak+ a diff]5t specialty & all l5d+ to "o ano!r4 ,?is pap] favors 9 ! ma9 ! selection ( books ) special ref]5ce to ! actual exi/+ ne$s ( ! us]s ( ! libr>y4 ,su* an in/itution z ! fl\ri%+ public libr>y ( ,provid5ce1 ,r4,i41 might prop]ly1 if all[able = any libr>y 9 cities ( mod]ate size1 add to its g5]al "w "s specialty ( limit$ int]e/4 ,mr4 ,fo/]1 its libr>ian1 has rec5tly /at$1 h[ev]1 t he ?9ks t not)/&+ ! reputation :i* ! fam\s ,h>ris collection ( poetry gives to ! libr>y ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 x is ! be/ = t libr>y to devote itself almo/ exclusively to supply+ ! g5]al ne$s ( ,provid5ce4 ,9 conclusion1 x may be /at$ t ,mr4 ,adams does n claim t ! plan ( we$+ out libr>ies adopt$ at ,qu9cy has nev] be5 ?\ght ( be=e4 ,he 0 n indebt$ to any book = ! idea1 b x _h occurr$ to o!r p]sons be=e4 ,action ^u x _h always be5 recomm5d$4 ,mr4 ,adams has tak5 ! bull by ! horns4 ,he has put ! plan 9 execution & to a consid]able ext5t has sy/ematiz$ x4 ,he has also call$ att5tion to x & made x a liv+ subject = discussion4 ,,relation ,,( ,,free ,,public ,,libr>ies ,,to ,,! ,,community ,pres5tations ( ,libr>y que/ions to ! g5]al read+ public f au?oritative s\rces are exceptionally h>d to f9d1 ev5 at ! pres5t day4 ,! "o repr9t$ bel[ 0 contribut$ to ,! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review = ,june1 #ahih1 by ,h]b]t ,putnam1 !n libr>ian ( ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y4 ,h]b]t ,putnam 0 born 9 ,new ,york1 ,sept4 #bj1 #ahfa1 ! y\nge/ son ( ! f\nd] ( ! publi%+ h\se4 ,he graduat$ at ,h>v>d 9 #ahhc & /udi$ law4 ,he s]v$ z libr>ian 9 ,m9neapolis1 fir/ ( ! ,a!neum & !n ( ! ,public ,libr>y 9 #ahhd-ia1 mean:ile be+ admitt$ to ! b> 9 #ahhf4 ,he practis$ law 9 ,bo/on 9 #ahib-ie1 b 9 ! latt] ye> became libr>ian ( ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y1 s]v+ until appo9t$ 9 #ahii ,libr>ian ( ,congress4 ,8 adm9i/ration has be5 m>k$ by ! developm5t ( ?is in/itution along ! l9e ( s]vice ( a national libr>y4 ,dur+ ! great w> he 0 ,director ( ,libr>y ,w> ,s]vice4 ,free libr>ies h exi/$ = less ?an a half a c5tury4 ,_! e/abli%m5t assum$ t books are b5eficial3 b x involv$ also ! ass]tion t x is ! prop] function ( gov]nm5t to supply books to su* ( its citiz5s z may require !m at ! exp5se ( ! community z a :ole4 ,libr>ies ( ?is special type d n yet =m ! major portion ( ! in/itutions supply+ books on a l>ge scale to gr\ps ( p]sons4 ,"u ! head ( ,public1 ,society & ,s*ool ,libr>ies1 ^! in/itutions 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates aggregate #h1jjj 9 numb]1 ) #ce1jjj1jjj volumes1 ) #cd1jjj1jjj inve/$ 9 build+s1 ) #ag1jjj1jjj ( end[m5ts1 & ) ov] #f1jjj1jjj ( annual income4 ,( ^! ! free public libr>ies support$ by g5]al taxation numb] less ?an #b1jjj1 ) #aj1jjj1jj volumes1 & ) less ?an #c1ejj1jjj ( annual income4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 increas+ ) disproportionate & amaz+ rapidity4 ,9 ,massa*usetts1 b #aj ( ! #cec cities & t[ns1 b ?ree-f\r?s ( "o p] c5t4 ( ! inhabitants n[ lack !m4 ,"o hundr$ & t5 libr>y build+s !re h be5 ! gift ( individuals4 ,no =m ( private memorial is n[ m popul>2 no =m ( municipal exp5diture meets ) readi] ass5t4 ,nor are ! initiative & ! exp5diture left :olly to local ent]prises4 ,! ,commonweal? itself takes "p3 ext5d+1 ?r\gh a ,/ate ,commission1 ,/ate aid 9 ! =m ( books & cont9u+ c\nsel4 ,& ,massa*usetts is b "o ( eight ,/ates ma9ta9+ su* commissions4 ,new ,york ,/ate1 9 its sy/em ( travel+ libr>ies1 has gone fur!r /ill 9 supplem5t+ initial aid ) a cont9u+ supply ( books1 & ev5 photographs & lant]n slides1 pur*as$ by ! ,/ate & di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! ,reg5ts ( ! ,/ate ,univ]sity f ,albany to ! remote/ hamlet4 ,! fir/ /age ( all su* legislation is an enabl+ act--au?oriz+ ! e/abli%m5t ( a libr>y by ! local au?orities2 ! next is an act enc\rag+ su* e/abli%m5t by b\nties2 & ,new ,hamp%ire has rea*$ a ?ird by a law actually m&atory1 requir+ ! local au?orities to e/abli% free libr>ies 9 proportion to _! means & ! population to be s]v$4 ,?is seems to m>k ! high-wat] m>k ( confid5ce 9 ! utility ( ^! in/itutions4 ,x indicates t free public libr>ies are to be rank$ ) ! common s*ools1 z in/itutions indisp5sable to good citiz5%ip1 ^: e/abli%m5t ! ,/ate = its own protection mu/ require4 ,s ! movem5t has progress$1 until n[ ^! #b1jjj public libr>ies comb9$ are s5d+ out ea* ye> ov] #cj million books1 to d _! "w = good or ill 9 ! homes ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! entire #b1jjj result f "o conviction & a uni=m purpose4 ,yet among !m !re is e v>iety 9 scope & 9 organization4 ,!re is ! hamlet libr>y ( a hundr$ volumes1 op5 = a c\ple ( h\rs ea* week 9 "s f>m h\se1 "u a volunte] cu/odian1 ma9ta9$ by ! t[n1 b enli/+ private contribution ?r\gh baza>s & sociables--s5d+ out its books by ! local provision deal] to its remote & scatt]$ con/itu5ts4 ,!re is ! libr>y ( ! great city1 ) elaborate equipm5t & complex organization to meet a va/ & complex ne$4 ,su* a libr>y z y may f9d at ,*icago2 a city :i*1 ?\gh x has two great end[$ ref]5ce libr>ies1 /ill consid]s its million & a half p entitl$ to a municipal libr>y1 ) a two million doll> build+1 /udd$ ) co/ly mosaics1 & aid$ by =ty bran*es & /ations 9 br++ ! books ne>] ea* home4 ,or su* a libr>y z exi/s at ,bo/on2 organiz$ z a ,city ,dep>tm5t1 "u ,tru/ees appo9t$ by ! ,mayor1 ma9ta9$1 l ! s*ools1 or ! police1 or ! fire dep>tm5t1 by g5]al taxation2 ) a c5tral build+ :i* has co/ ! city two & "o-half million doll>s1 ) t5 bran* libr>ies & sev5te5 deliv]y /ations scatt]$ ?r\gh ! city & rea*$ daily by its deliv]y wagons2 ) #gjj1jjj books2 & accommodations = ov] #b1jjj read]s at "o "t2 includ+ 9 its equipm5t su* special dep>tm5ts z a b9d]y & a pr9t+ (fice2 requir+ = its adm9i/ration ov] #bej employes1 & = its ma9t5ance ea* ye> a qu>t] ( a million doll>s1 9 addition to ! proce$s ( end[m5ts2 & repres5t+ 9 its build+s1 books & equipm5t an inve/m5t ( ov] five millions ( doll>s1 ! int]e/ on :i*1 at f\r p] c5t41 to ! exp5diture = ma9t5ance1 is equival5t to an annual burd5 ( #dej1jjj = its creation & support4 ,:5 ?is function 0 fir/ propos$ = a municipality1 ! argum5t us$ 0 t 9 ?is c\ntry books _h come to be ! pr9cipal in/rum5ts ( education2 t ! community 0 already support+ a public s*ool sy/em2 t ?is sy/em br\ght a y\? to ! ?re%old ( education & !re left him2 t x qualifi$ him to use books1 b did no?+ to put books )9 8 rea*2 & f9ally t x 0 ( p>am\nt importance t ! means ( g5]al in=mation %\ld be s diffus$ t ! l>ge/ possible numb] ( p]sons %\ld be induc$ to read & und]/& que/ions go+ d[n to ! v f\ndation ( social ord]1 :i* are con/antly pres5t+ !mselves1 & :i* we1 z a p1 are con/antly requir$ to decide1 & d decide1 ei!r ignorantly or wisely4 ,a glance at ! libr>ies n[ 9 op]ation 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates %[s t ! ends propos$ = !m fall f> %ort ( ! s]vice :i* !y actually p]=m4 ,!y beg9 ) ! *ild be=e he leaves s*ool2 :ile he is /ill 9 8 elem5t>y /udies !y furni% to him books :i* /ir 8 imag9ation1 & br+ ! tea*+ ( ! text books into relation ) ! art & ) life4 ,!y ?us help to r5d] m vivid ! =mal /udies pursu$2 b !y also prep>e ! *ild to become an intellig5t con/itu5t h]eaft]4 ,?is "w _c beg9 too e>ly1 = f\r-fif?s ( ! *ildr5 pass out into active life )\t rea*+ ! high s*ools4 ,x ne$ n be def]r$1 = n[ ! numb] is almo/ c\ntless ( books t t\* ) imag9ation & *>m ( /yle ev5 ! mo/ elem5t>y subjects2 & ! libr>y c add illu/rations :i* ?r\gh ! eye convey an impression ( ! l>ge/ subjects 9 ! mo/ elem5tal way4 ,if ! libr>y beg9s ) ! citiz5 e>li] ?an 0 =ese51 x is prep>$ to accompany him fur!r ?an 0 ?\ght necess>y4 ,x responds n only to ! ne$s ( ! g5]al read]1 b also to ^? ( ! /ud5t & ev51 to ! ext5t ( its means1 to ^? ( ! s*ol> engag$ 9 special rese>*4 ,! ma9t5ance ( univ]sities at ! common exp5se is famili> 9 ! ,we/2 x is less s 9 ! ,ea/4 ,& !re is /ill cont5tion t in/itutions = highly specializ$ in/ruction %\ld n be *>g$ ^u ! community z a :ole4 ,b no "o has que/ion$ ! propriety ( *>g+ ^u ! community ! support ( a libr>y ^: lead+ purpose may be ! enc\ragem5t ( ! high] s*ol>%ip4 ,f9ally1 to ! s]vices j above describ$ ! public libr>y has add$ ano!r3 ! supply ( books = proposes purely recreative4 ,?is s]vice1 if anticipat$1 0 c]ta9ly n explicitly argu$ =2 nor 0 x impli$ 9 ,edw>d ,ev]ett's pr$iction t ! public libr>y w\ld prove ! intellectual common ( ! community4 ,! common t ,mr4 ,ev]ett _h 9 m9d 0 a pa/urage1 n a baseball gr\nd1 or lov]'s walk1 or a loaf+ place = tramps4 ,b z reg>ds c]ta9 ( ! books cu/om>ily suppli$1 ! ord9>y public libr>y ( to-day is furni%+ recreation r ?an in/ruction4 ,9 fact1 if we look at ! hi/ory ( free public libr>ies 9 ?is c\ntry1 we f9d t ! "o po9t ( practice on :i* !y h be5 criticis$ is ! supply ( m]ely recreative lit]ature4 ,! prote/ has come f ?\ghtful p]sons1 & x means some?+1 lightly z x has be5 wav$ aside4 ,! excuse t us$ to be giv5 = ! supply ( inf]ior books 0 t !y w\ld entice to ! use ( ! bett] books4 ,!re 0 to be rea*$ a mass ( p]sons ( inf]ior ta/e & imp]fect education4 ,^! p]sons mu/ be introduc$ gradually to an acqua9tance ) ! bett] class ( read+ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! famili>4 ,&1 at all ev5ts1 x 0 bett] t !y %\ld read some?+ ?an n read at all4 ,i am n q s confid5t ( ! reg5]at+ virtue ( m]e pr9t$ matt] z su*2 & ,i am confid5t t ! read+ ( a book inf]ior 9 /yle & ta/e debases ta/e1 & t ! book :i* sets =?1 ev5 ) p[]1 a false view ( society does h>m to ! read]1 & is s f> an injury to ! community ( :i* he is "p4 ,b ev5 grant+ ! premises1 ! conclusion is d\btful4 ,we d n delib]ately furni% poor art at public exp5se because !re is a portion ( ! public :i* _c appreciate ! bett]4 ,nor :5 ! be/ is (f]$1 )\t apology1 does ! uncultur$ public 9 fact compla9 t x is too advanc$4 ,?\s&s ( ord9>y p come to see & enjoy ! ,abbey & ,*avannes & ,s>g5t decorations 9 ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y4 ,no "o has yet compla9$ t ! pa9t+s are too advanc$ = him4 ,! be/ ( art is n too good = ! lea/ ( m51 provid$ he c be influ5c$ at all4 ,nor are ! be/ ( books too good = him1 provid$ he c be influ5c$1 & provid$ !y are p]mitt$1 z are ! pictures to make _! appeal directly4 ,!y mu/ n be seclud$ beh9d catalogs & =mal p>aph]nalia4 ,! practice :i* admitt$ ! s*ol> to ! %elves1 & limit$ ! g5]al read] to ! catalogues1 gave ! be/ opportunity to him :o lea/ ne$$ x4 ,! mod]n practice sets be=e ! read] lea/ famili> ) good titles a selection ( good books4 ,x places !m on op5 %elves :]e he c h&le !m )\t =mality4 ,! result is almo/ inv>iably1 t he is attract$ to a book 9 advance ( 8 previ\s ta/es4 ,p]haps a *ance p>agraph appeals to "s exp]i5ce or ambition1 or an illu/ration /irs 8 imag9ation4 ,! books !mselves draw him outside ( 8 previ\s limitations4 ,9 ! place1 !re=e1 ( books inf]ior 9 quality1 ! m mod]n public libr>y seeks to attract by ! free/ possible access to books ( ! be/ quality4 ,n t ?is practice is univ]sal4 ,b ! op9ion & t5d5cy are 9 ?is safe direction4 ,h[ev]1 quality assum$1 ! g5]al "q z to ! read+ ( recreative lit]ature rema9s4 ,:at %all we say ( ! fact t sixty p] c5t4 ( ! circulation ( ! free public libr>ies /ill consi/s ( fiction8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 t ?is p]c5tage takes no acc\nt ( ref]5ce use1 :i* is almo/ :olly ( s]i\s lit]ature2 second1 t z to home use ! ratio 9 circulation ( fiction to s]i\s lit]ature does n repres5t a simil> ratio ( trivial to s]i\s s]vice4 ,fiction is ! small co9 ( lit]ature4 ,x mu/ circulate m rapidly to repres5t ! same volume ( real bus9ess done4 ,a volume ( fiction may be issu$1 return$ & reissu$ ?ree times :ile a biography or hi/ory or "w ( sci5ce is issu$ once4 ,x w !n c\nt sev5ty-five p] c5t4 9 ! circulation4 ,b ! s]i\s book has dur+ ! entire p]iod be5 out 9 ! h&s ( ! read]2 & ! s]vice :i* x has p]=m$--! p]iod ( att5tion :i* x has occupi$--equals t ( ! novel 9 its ?ree issues4 ,&1 f9ally1 !re is to be consid]$ ! influ5ce ( ! be/ fiction t[>d g5]al culture 7if ! libr>y is n m]ely to in=m b also to cultivate7--9 broad5+ ! sympa?ies1 giv+ a l>g] tol]ance1 a k9dli] humanity1 a m intellig5t helpfulness2 9 af=d+ ! re/ t is 9 itself an equipm5t = "w1 & ! di/raction t may save f impulse to evil4 ,h[ev]1 ! am\nt ( fiction circulat$ 9 proportion to ! total "w ( ! libr>y is on ! av]age /eadily decreas+4 ,at ! same "t ! quality is improv+2 9 "p ?r\gh critical selection1 9 "p z a happy result ( ! fact t ! inf]ior novels are also1 z a rule1 inf]ior books1 s poorly manufactur$ t libr>ies _c af=d to buy !m4 ,b !re is /&>d fiction & curr5t fiction2 & x is ! curr5t fiction t con/itutes by itself a special problem /ill p]plex+4 ,x is a problem t conc]ns n ! un$ucat$ *ild1 nor ! illit]ate adult2 x is caus$ by ! p ( intellig5t education :o are avid to read ! late/ novel by ,mr4 ,x4 or ,mrs4 ,y4 :ile x is /ill ! late/ novel by ,mr4 ,x4 or ,mrs4 ,y4 ,x is be+ talk$ ab\t at d9n] or aft]noon tea4 ,well-in=m$ p are read+ x2 to read x is a social necessity4 ,! reason t presses ! public libr>y to supply promptly e mo/ rec5t book 9 ! doma9 ( sci5tific lit]ature is app>5t en\gh4 ,su* lit]ature contributes facts :i* are ! data = action4 ,b novels 9 g5]al belong to ! lit]ature ( p[]4 ,_! purpose is n to furni% in=mation b to give pleasure4 ,lit]ature ( ?is sort adds no new fact1 nor is x sup]s$$1 nor does x lose any ( its value by lapse ( "t4 ,to assume t x does w\ld be to assume t beauty ( =m c\ld become obsolete4 ,?is is n s 9 pa9t+1 9 sculpture1 9 ar*itecture2 :y %\ld x be s 9 prose fiction1 9 poetry1 9 ! drama8 ,0 !re1 9 fact1 an ae/hetic value 9 ! ,cant]bury ,tales 9 #achj1 9 ,hamlet 9 #afjb1 9 ,ivanhoe 9 #ahai1 t is n to be f\nd 9 !m 9 #ahih8 ,b a l>ge portion ( latt] day fiction is fiction ) a purpose2 ano!r way ( say+ t x is a "w ( art compos$ = ! dissem9ation ( doctr9e4 ,?is elem5t promotes x at once to ! dignity ( a treatise2 a new view ( politics1 a new criticism ( social conditions1 a new cre$6 ,"h is some?+ t conc]ns ! /ud5t ( sociology4 ,& surely 8 ne$s are wor?y ( prompt response4 ,9 fact1 8 ne$s & ! g5]al curiosity d get prompt response1 & ! new novels are freely b\ght4 ,h[ freely ,i h rec5tly s\ght to asc]ta94 ,i ask$ ( "s sev5ty libr>ies _! ye>ly exp5diture = curr5t fiction 9 proportion to _! total exp5diture = books4 ,! returns %[ an av]age ( f t5 to fifte5 p] c5t4 ,9 "o case ! am\nt rea*$ fifty p] c5t41 9 o!rs x fell z l[ z two p] c5t4 ,! ratio = fiction 9 g5]al is mu* high] on ! av]age2 b fiction 9 g5]al includes ,scott & ,?ack]ay & o!r /&>ds1 an ample supply ( :i* w\ld n usually be que/ion$4 ,at ,provid5ce & ,worce/]1 two ( ! mo/ active & popul> ( public libr>ies1 ! pur*ases ( fiction1 curr5t & /&>d1 =m$ la/ ye> b sev5 & elev5 p] c5t41 respectively1 ( ! entire exp5diture = books4 ,at ,bo/on !re 7 select$ b #agh titles ( curr5t fiction 7out ( ne>ly #fjj read & consid]$74 ,b "s doz5 copies 7 b\ght ( ea* title1 s t ! entire pur*ases rea*$ #b1cjj volumes & co/ ab\t #b1cjj4 ,?is 0 ab\t six & a half p] c5t4 on a total exp5diture = books ( #cd1jjj4 ,at ,/4 ,l\is ! practise is to buy b two copies out ( ! g5]al funds to be circulat$ free4 ,ne>ly a hundr$ m are add$ :i* are r5t$ out & ?us pay = !mselves4 ,! /ati/ics d n seem to %[ t ! initial exp5diture = curr5t fiction is v al>m+4 ,b ! pur*ase price ( ^! books is b a fraction ( ! exp5se ( h&l+ !m4 ,!y _c be suppli$ 9 adequate quantities2 = :ile ! fr5zy ( curiosity p]si/s1 an adequate supply is beyond ! res\rces ( any libr>y4 ,b s9ce ! attempt to supply is futile ! pret5se is injuri\s4 ,! pres5ce ( ! titles 9 ! catalogues misleads ! read] into a multitude ( applications :i* are a heavy exp5se to ! libr>y )\t b5efit to him4 ,& ! acquisition ( ! s+le book means to ! libr>y ! exp5se ( h&l+ a hundr$ applications = x :i* are futile to "o t c be honor$4 ,9 ?is s5se a curr5t novel involves p]haps a hundr$ times ! exp5se ( any o!r book 9 be+ suppli$ to b ! same numb] ( read]s4 ,! ,briti% museum acquires ! new novels z publi%$2 b x )holds !m f ! read]s until five ye>s aft] _! date ( publication4 ,x is my p]sonal belief t a "o ye> limitation ( ?is sort adopt$ by our free libr>ies g5]ally w\ld relieve !m ( anxiety & exp5se & _! read]s ( inconv5i5ce & delusion4 ,b z reg>ds curr5t light lit]ature 9 g5]al x is wor? :ile to consid] :e!r ! responsibility ( public libr>ies has n be5 modifi$ by ! gr[? & diffusion ( ! newspap] & p]iodical press4 ,9 #ahej1 :5 ! free public libr>y 0 />t$1 ! numb] ( newspap]s & p]iodicals publi%$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 ab\t #b1ejj2 n[ x is ne>ly #bj1jjj4 ,! total annual issues h increas$ f #djj million to ov] #d-a_/b billion copies4 ,! ord9>y daily ( #ahej conta9$ p]haps a s+le column ( lit]>y matt]4 ,to-day x conta9s1 = ! same price1 sev5 columns4 ,9 #ahej x gave no space to fiction2 n[ x (f]s ,kipl+1 ,h[ells1 ,/ockton1 ,bret ,h>te1 ,an?ony ,hope1 ,crockett1 ,b\rget & _m o!rs ( ! be/ ( ! contempor>y writ]s ( fiction4 ,!n !re are ! *eap magaz9es1 :i* t5d] a half doz5 /ories = ! price ( a cig> or a bodk94 ,!re are1 also1 ! *eap libr>ies1 :i* h flood$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) engag+ lit]ature available to almo/ any purse4 ,9 %ort1 conditions h alt]$4 ,a va/ mass ( light lit]ature is n[ *eaply accessible to ! individual :i* =m]ly c\ld be acquir$ only pa9fully or at great exp5se4 ,:y !n %\ld ! public libr>ies /ruggle to supply x 9 book =m at ! public exp5se8 ,b z to a c]ta9 p]c5tage ( curr5t light lit]ature !re is an emb>rassm5t t ,i h n t\*$4 ,x is ! emb>rassm5t ( mak+ selection )\t giv+ (f5se4 ,all _c be b\ght4 ,a *oice mu/ be made4 ,) ref]5ce to /&>d lit]ature au?oritative judgem5t is n difficult to obta94 ,b "h !re has be5 no lapse ( "t to balance op9ion4 ,an anticipatory e/imate mu/ be attempt$ & attempt$ by ! libr>y itself4 ,n[1 if ! libr>y decide aga9/ ! book x is v likely held to blame = dictat+ to its read]s4 ,x is "o ?+1 says a j\rnal comm5t+ on an adv]se decision1 x is "o ?+ to consid] ?is novel p]nici\s1 b x is ano!r & m s]i\s ?+ = ! =emo/ libr>y 9 ! c\ntry ma9ta9$ at public exp5se1 to d5y to a l>ge & respectable portion ( ! public an opportunity to judge = itself :e!r ! "w ( a man ( 7?is au?or's7 calibre is p]nici\s or n4 ,! au?or 9 ?is case 01 ( c\rse1 n ,mr4 ,x41 b r ,mr4 ,a41 an already kn[n quantity4 ,s a libr>y is n to be p]mitt$ to apply a judgem5t ( its own6 ,x is n protect$ by ! fact t ?is judgm5t co9cides ) ! judgm5t ( pr(essional critics--s f> at lea/ z ^! may be asc]ta9$4 ,! au?or may h turn$ p]v]se & writt5 a book di/9ctly bad4 ,yet ?is book is to be b\ght & suppli$ to enable ea* memb] ( ! public to =m a judgm5t ( 8 own ^u x4 ,& x is to be s b\ght out ( public funds entru/$ to ! libr>y = educational purposes4 ,c5sor%ip has to u an ugly s\nd2 b does ! libr>y act z c5sor :5 x decl>es a book beyond its prov9ce8 ,does x dictate :at ! p %all read :5 x says1 ,we decl9e to buy ?is book = y ) public funds8 ,?is is a "q :i* is f> l>g] ?an ! selection or rejection ( a novel or two4 ,x involves ! :ole "q ( au?ority1 & x conc]ns n m]ely ! extremes1 b ! v>y+ degrees ( wor? 9 lit]ature4 ,mo/ dep>tm5ts ( educational "w are f\nd$ ^u pr9ciples1 cauti\sly asc]ta9$1 & sy/ematically adh]$ to4 ,_! consi/5t ma9t5ance ^u pr9ciple is ! easi] because ea* o!r su* dep>tm5t deals ) a special con/itu5cy1 limit$ ei!r 9 age or p]haps 9 sex1 or at lea/ 9 purpose1 & "o :i* accepts z au?oritative ! sy/em provid$ = x4 ,! free public libr>y1 h[ev]1 has to satisfy a con/itu5cy practically unlimit$1 includ+ e age ( bo? sexes1 ^: intellectual ne$ ranges f t ( ! mo/ illit]ate to t ( ! mo/ highly accompli%$1 ^: education 9 books ranges f t ( ! p]son :o has nev] ent]$ a libr>y to t ( ! s*ol> ^: life has be5 a p]petual tra9+ 9 ! use ( ! libr>y2 ! ass]tive classes1 ! ba%ful classes4 ,& if t[>d ?is va/ & het]og5e\s con/itu5cy x seeks to assume ! position ( an educator1 x f9ds t its au?ority is "o :i* ! con/itu5ts !mselves are unanim\sly unwill+ to conc$e4 ,ea* con/itu5t deems himself n a b5efici>y accept+ "s s]vice1 b a proprietor dem&+ x4 ,n[1 )9 ea* community !re are p]sons :o w\ld h e k9d ( pr9t$ matt] publi%$4 ,if1 !re=e1 a public libr>y exi/s simply to respond to ! dem&s ( its read]s1 we mu/ h1 in/ead ( an educational sy/em devis$ by exp]ts & adm9i/]$ ) ref]5ce to g5]al pr9ciples1 a sy/em fluctuat+ ) ea* ecc5tric requirem5t ( individuals1 indef9ite 9 numb]1 v>i\s 9 ta/e & culture1 inexp]t1 except z ea* may be compet5t to judge 8 own ne$1 incapable ( expression 9 ! aggregate1 & z individuals )\t responsibility = ! g5]al results4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 an au?ority is to be ve/$ 9 ! libr>y1 :at limits %all x set ^u itself1 ^u :at pr9ciples ( discrim9ation %all x proce$1 9 :at directions may x exp$i5tly control8 ,i b /ate ! problem4 ,i %all n endeavor to answ] x4 ,b x is "o ( ! mo/ important involv$ 9 ! relation ( ! public libr>y to ! community4 ,f su* que/ions an ord9>y educational in/itution /&s alo(4 ,x is cont5t to repres5t ! judgm5t ( ! majority 9 matt]s ( morality & to inculate ! lesson ( tri$ tru?s z aga9/ untri$ fancies 9 matt]s ( op9ion affect+ ! social ord]4 ,x ?us ?r[s its influ5ce 9 favor ( ! e/abli%$ ord] ( ?+s4 ,b its "r1 nay1 its duty1 to d ?is is unque/ion$4 ,nor is x reg>d$ z disp>ag+ ! op9ion :i* x does n tea*4 ,b a public libr>y is n s exempt4 ,9 addition to ! doctr9e :i* is accept$1 x is held to h a duty to ! op9ion :i* is /ruggl+ = recognition4 ,z to m9ority op9ion1 x is n s mu* a univ]sity z a =um4 ,nay1 x is to give e advantage to m9ority op9ion1 =--9 our res5tm5t ( intol]ance--m9ority op9ion is n m]ely tol]at$1 x is pamp]$4 ,n[1 x is n = libr>ies or libr>ians to act z c5sors & d5\nce ?is or t publication4 ,yet x is to be rememb]$ t a libr>y :i* circulates a book helps to promulgate ! doctr9e :i* ! book conta9s4 ,& if public libr>ies circulate books :i* tea* re/less1 irrev]5t or revolution>y doctr9es1 !y (f] u ! incongruity ( a municipality aid+ 9 ! propagation ( ideas :i* are subv]sive ( social ord]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if !re is to be exclusion on su* gr\nds1 :]e is ! l9e ( exclusion to be drawn8 ,%all we say at doctr9es :i*1 if c>ri$ into action1 w\ld be crim9al "u ! law8 ,w\ld ! public re/ cont5t ) ?is8 ,moreov]1 ! pr9ciple ( exclusion accept$1 :o is to apply x8 ,^: judgm5t %all det]m9e :e!r ! p>ticul> book does or does n (f5d8 ,%all ! libr>y det]m9e8 ,b w x n !n be dictat+ to its read]s8 ,w x n be unduly discrim9at+ aga9/ a c]ta9 class ( op9ion :5 x has und]tak5 to repres5t imp>tially all %ades ( op9ion8 ,w x n (f5d ! remon/rant aga9/ ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s :o has a grievance1 &1 !re=e1 a "r to be he>d2 & ! def5d] ( ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s :o mu/ "k ! op9ion 9 ord] to combat x2 & ! /ud5t ( sociology ^: curiosity rea*es all extremes & reg>ds !m simply z ph5om5a ^u :i* he is entitl$ to be in=m$8 ,i believe t x w4 ,& yet ,i d n see h[ ! libr>y c escape ex]cis+ judgm5t4 ,= !re is no o!r responsible au?ority :i* c be br\ght to ex]cise x4 ,we mu/ !n expect num]\s decisions :i* w (f5d a portion ( ! community4 ,!y w usually be on ! cons]vative side--( exclusion4 ,& x is = ^? :o believe t a public libr>y %\ld be a cons]vative influ5ce 9 ! community to see t x has ! au?ority & is protect$ 9 its ex]cise4 ,n t 9 respect ( ! viol5t books !re is great injury 9 pres5t conditions4 ,9 ! public libr>ies ( to-day !re exi/s no d\bt mat]ial suffici5tly an>*ic to upset society1 if x c\ld h its w ^u society4 ,! fact is1 t ?\gh !re is pl5ty 9 lit]ature t is inc5di>y1 !re is little 9 our community t is inflammable4 ,! good t ! libr>ies d is obvi\s & ackn[l$g$4 ,!y repres5t ! accumulat$ exp]i5ce ( mank9d br\ght to our s]vice4 ,!y are ! cu/odians ( :atev] is mo/ wor?y ( pres]vation 9 our own life & lit]ature4 ,!y are ! natural depositories ( :at we h ( memorial & ( records2 ! orig9al entries ( legislation & ( a*ievem5t4 ,!y mu/ r5d] hi/ory available2 !y mu/ adequately exhibit sci5ce2 !y may help to ref9e by ! be/ examples 9 ea* art1 & 9 ?is !y may also contribute to ! indu/rial life ( ! community by educat+ ! artisan into an arti/1 8 craft into an art4 ,& ?r\gh record & description ( processes & inv5tions !y may contribute to ! f\ndations ( great indu/ries4 ,!y t\* ! community z a :ole z p]haps does no o!r s+le organiz$ ag5cy = good4 ,!y (f] to ! %ye/ ignorance equality ) ! mo/ confid5t s*ol>%ip1 & dem& no =mal prelim9>y :i* might aba% ignorance4 ,!y h a pr(\nd duty--n g5]ally appreciat$--to help r5d] homog5e\s ! v het]og5e\s elem5ts ( our population4 ,?irty p] c5t4 ( x has come to u f an ali5 life & ali5 in/itutions4 ,"o-?ird ( ! p 9 our six lead+ cities are ( =eign bir?2 sev5ty-"o p] c5t4 7 ei!r born abroad or born ( =eign p>5tage4 ,9 ! assimilation ( ?is =eign elem5t no s+le ag5cy is p]haps s pot5t z our public libr>ies4 ,! public libr>ies deem !mselves ! allies ( =mal educational processes2 b also ! direct educators ( t "p ( ! community n subject to ! =mal processes4 ,x is ?is latt] responsibility :i* has l$ !m to attempt a broad] s]vice ?an ! m]e supply ( books4 ,a book is n ! only nor necess>ily ! mo/ effective vehicle = convey+ k4 ,!re are illu/rations :i* m directly convey an impression1 & (t5 z fully /ate a fact4 ,& photographs & process reproductions are n[ "p ( ! equipm5t ( a public libr>y almo/ z conv5tional z books4 ,)9 ! pa/ ye> #aj1jjj su* h be5 add$ to ! collections ( ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y2 n z works ( art 7!y are = ! mo/ "p *eap silv] pr9ts & ! ,art ,museum is b a hundr$ feet di/ant72 nor m]ely z aids to ! /udy ( ! f9e arts & ! useful arts1 b also z conv5i5t auxili>ies to ! /udy ( hi/ory1 ( lit]ature & in/itutions4 ,& !y are us$ by individuals & by classes n z a sub/itute = ! text1 b z help+ to r5d] vivid ! lesson ( ! text4 ,) ^! g lectures 9 exposition4 ,e build+ ( importance rec5tly design$ = ! uses ( a public libr>y includes an art gall]y & a lecture hall4 ,:at an imm5se augm5tation ( function ?is implies6 ,x implies t ! libr>y is no long] m]ely an aggregate ( books1 ea* passive )9 rigid limits2 b t x is an active ag5t hav+ "u its control mat]ial :i* is kept pla/ic & :i* x m\lds into incr$ibly v>i$ %apes to suit incr$ibly v>i$ ne$s4 ,! exp]i5ce ( ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y %[s t 9 ! case ( books ea* increase ( facilities creates an increas$ dem&4 ,! tru/ees ( #aheb boa/$ t !y 7 provid+ = z _m z fifty read]s at a "t2 ! tru/ees ( #ahhg ?\ght !mselves v5turesome 9 provid+ = #ejj read]s at a "t2 & )9 a mon? aft] ! new build+ 0 op5$ x 0 =c$ to accommodate ov] #gjj at a "t4 ,e week ov] #cj1jjj p]sons ent] ! ,c5tral ,libr>y build+1 & e ye> #a1bjj1jjj volumes are drawn = home use by ! #fe1jjj c>d-hold]s4 ,yet ^! figures repres5t /ill b a portion ( ! p]sons rea*$ & ! "w to be done4 ,nor c facilities = di/ribution keep pace ) ! ne$4 ,= a city ( a half million p spread ov] an area ( =ty squ>e miles adequate libr>y facilities _c ev] be provid$4 ,a municipality :i* ev5 approximates ! adequate 9 provid+ build+s1 equipm5t1 adm9i/ration & g5]al lit]ature at ! public exp5se mu/ /ill look to private gift = ! specializ$ mat]ial necess>y to a great ref]5ce collection4 ,t ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y is next to ! ,briti% ,museum 9 ,%akespe>iana is1 to be sure1 ! result ( a special exp5diture by ! city4 ,b ! l>g] "p ( its special collections :i* h giv5 x di/9ction z a great s*ol>s' libr>y1 has come f private gift2 ! ,ticknor collection ( ,spani% lit]ature1 ! ,b[dit* collection ( ma!matics1 ! ,*amb]la9 collection ( autographs1 ! ,br[n collection ( music & _m o!rs4 ,& a city :i* erects = its public libr>y a build+ :i* is monum5tal is putt+ =w>d ! mo/ attractive invitation to private gift4 ,! gifts :i* h come to ,bo/on z ! direct result ( ! new build+ h already rea*$ a twelf? ( its co/4 ,) prop] organization & a lib]al co-op]ation betwe5 municipal & private ef=t ! opportunities = s]vice are almo/ limitless4 ,! risk is ! great] ( attempts at s]vice ei!r legally inappropriate or practically inexp$i5t1 & ! risk is n less5$ by a popul> appreciation :i* is m en?usia/ic ?an x is apt to be discrim9at+4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 ! great] ne$ ( discrim9ation on ! "p ( ! libr>y itself & ( an au?ority :i* w protect its ex]cise4 ,?is au?ority c be conf]r$ only by intellig5t public op9ion on ! "p ( ^? :o are capable ( appreciat+ con/itutional limitations4 ,,! ,,public ,,libr>y3 ,,its ,,uses ,,to ,,! ,,municipality ,writt5 = ! ,national ,municipal ,league & pr9t$ 9 ,! ,libr>y ,j\rnal = ,june1 #aijc1 eight ye>s aft] ! au?or1 ,dr4 ,john ,s4 ,bill+s1 _h begun 8 s]vice z director ( ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y2 l>gely a def5ce ( libr>ies aga9/ c]ta9 objections4 ,! /atem5t ( ! "p play$ by s5tim5t 9 popul> in/itutions1 & its ju/ification1 are /rik+ & true4 ,john ,%aw ,bill+s 0 born 9 ,switz]l& ,c\nty1 ,ind41 9 #ahci1 graduat$ f ,miami ,univ]sity 9 #aheg1 /udi$ m$ic9e & aft] s]v+ z a surgeon 9 ! ,civil ,w>1 0 assign$ to ! ,surgeon ,g5]al's ,(fice 9 ,wa%+ton1 ( ^: libr>y he compil$ ! #af-volume ,index ,catalogue4 ,aft] s]vice 9 ,johns ,hopk9s & ,p5nsylvania ,univ]sities he 0 *os5 9 #ahie director ( ! newly e/abli%$ ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y1 :]e he s]v$ until 8 dea? 9 #aiac1 plann+ & sup]vis+ ! con/ruction ( its c5tral build+4 ,! great majority ( cities ( #be1jjj inhabitants & upw>d 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates h public libr>ies ( "s sort1 & ! same is true ( _m ( ! small] cities4 ,_m ( ^! libr>ies h be5 f\nd$ on gifts ( individuals1 "s h develop$ f subscription libr>ies1 b ! majority are n[ support$ ma9ly or entirely by funds appropriat$ by ! city gov]nm5t4 ,a consid]able numb] are /ill 9 ! =mative /age1 ?is be+ true ( ^? = :i* build+s are be+ erect$ f funds provid$ by ,mr4 ,c>negie & = sev]al hundr$ o!rs = :i* he w probably provide build+s 9 ! ne> future4 ,!re may be excessive & unju/ifiable taxation = ! support ( a public libr>y--! am\nt :i* ! city c af=d = ?is purpose %\ld be c>efully consid]$ 9 connection ) its ne$s = a pure wat] supply & good sewage disposal1 = means ( communication1 = ! c>e ( ! sick poor & = public s*ools4 ,ea* case mu/ be judg$ by itself2 ! only g5]al rule ,i h to sugge/ is t 9 ! dep>tm5t ( education ! claims ( ! public libr>y = support are m important ?an ^? ( municipal college or high s*ool4 ,! p :o h no taxable prop]ty1 & :o !re=e (t5 errone\sly suppose t !y contribute no?+ t[>d ! paym5t ( ! taxes1 are usually q will+ to h a high] tax rate impos$ = ! purpose ( secur+ = !mselves & _! families free libr>y facilities--al?\gh 9 exceptional cases religi\s or sociological op9ions may lead !m to oppose x4 ,a consid]able numb] ( taxpay]s on ! o!r h&1 are m or less reluctant to h _! assessm5ts increas$ = ?is purpose1 & _! argum5ts %\ld be consid]$ & met4 ,!y are3 #a4 ,t !y %\ld n be tax$ = ?+s !y d n want & nev] use4 #b4 ,t furni%+ free books t5ds to paup]ize ! community & to disc\rage ! pur*ase ( books = home use4 #c4 ,t !re is no evid5ce t free public libr>ies improve ! community mat]ially or morally4 #d4 ,t ! great] "p ( ! books us$ are works ( fiction & t ^! are injuri\s to ! read]s4 #e4 ,t mo/ ( ! argum5ts us$ 9 favor ( free public libr>ies are m]ely s5tim5tal & emotional4 ,! fir/ ( ^! reasons w\ld apply also to taxes = public s*ools1 /reet pav+1 sew]age1 & _m o!r items ( municipal exp5diture & has no weight4 ,) reg>d to ! second argum5t x is n a suffici5t reply to say t e "o pays ?r\gh ! taxes1 = ?is w\ld apply equally well to free lodg+ h\ses1 free lun*rooms & s\p kit*5s1 free fuel1 etc41 all ( :i* x g5]ally believ$ t5d to paup]ize a city1 except 9 great & special em]g5cies4 ,! prop] answ] is t ! free public libr>y is an important &1 inde$1 necess>y "p ( ! sy/em ( free education :i* is requir$ to secure intellig5t citiz5s 9 our =m ( popul> gov]nm5t1 & t :ile 9 a few v exceptional cases free s*ools & free libr>ies may t5d to improvid5ce or indol5ce or ev5 to c]ta9 =ms ( crime1 ^! r>e cases are ( no importance 9 comp>ison ) ! b5efits :i* education conf]s ^u ! imm5se majority ( ! community & ) ! fact t )\t free s*ools & libr>ies a l>ge "p ( ! p w n be suffici5tly educat$ to be useful citiz5s4 ,) ! reg>d to ! ?ird c\nt1 ! public libr>y1 aga91 may be consid]$ toge!r ) ! public s*ool4 ,:ile x is difficult to trace to ei!r specific in/ances ( mat]ial or moral improvem5t1 x is c]ta9 t ! g5]al diffusion ( intellig5ce :i* bo? c]ta9ly effect does result b5eficially 9 ^! directions4 ,communities ) fl\ri%+ free s*ools & libr>ies are usually m prosp]\s & bett] ?an ^? )\t su* facilities1 &1 :ile !re is d\btless room "h = a confusion ( cause & effect1 x is probable t !re is bo? action & reaction4 ,prosp]ity calls = increas$ facilities = education & ^! 9 turn t5d to make ! community m prosp]\s4 ,t ! majority ( books )drawn f public libr>ies are works ( fiction _c be d5i$4 ,_m libr>ians are wont to deplore ?is fact1 & mo/ libr>ies endeavor 9 "o way or ano!r to decrease ! p]c5tage ( fiction 9 _! circulation4 ,! proportion ( recreative read+ 9 a public libr>y is necess>ily l>ge4 ,9 l mann]1 ! great] proportion ( ^? :o visit a zoological or botanical g>d5 d s = amusem5t4 ,yet ! in=mation t !y secure 9 s do+ is none ! less valuable & bo? are c]ta9ly educational in/itutions4 ,s if 9 ! public libr>y a l>ge numb] ( its us]s get _! hi/ory1 _! travel & _! biography ?r\gh ! m$ium ( recreative read+s we %\ld n compla94 ,7 x o!rwise ^! read]s w\ld probably lack altoge!r ! in=mation t !y n[ c]ta9ly acquire4 ,tak+ up ! f9al c\nt 9 ! indictm5t1 x is d\btless true t s5tim5tal & emotional consid]ations h _h mu* to d ) libr>y developm5t4 ,!y h furni%$ ! initial motive p[]1 z !y h = free s*ools1 = ! orig9 & progress ( democratic gov]nm5t1 & = mo/ ( ! advances ( civilization4 ,!y (t5 prec$e delib]ate1 consci\s reason+ & judgm5t1 yet !y are (t5 !mselves ! result ( an unconsci\s reason+ process produc+ action ( ! w 9 advance ( delib]ate judgm5t4 ,sometimes !y are pure reflexes1 l w9k+ :5 ! eye is ?reat5$ by a bl[4 ,! free public libr>y c nei!r be e/abli%$ nor ma9ta9$ usefully )\t _! aid1 b _! me?ods--or want ( me?od--mu/ be c>efully guid$ to produce good results4 ,! s5tim5t t we ought to e/abli% in/itutions = ! diffusion ( k is ! expression ( a real economic ne$ & %\ld be direct$ & enc\rag$ & n suppress$4 ,logic is a useful /e]+ app>atus1 b a v poor motive p[]4 ,,! ,,libr>y3 ,a ,,plea ,,= ,,its ,,recognition ,deliv]$ by ,fr$]ick ,m4 ,crund5 be=e ! ,libr>y ,section ( ! ,int]national ,congress ( ,arts & ,sci5ce1 held 9 connection ) ! ,l\isiana ,pur*ase ,exposition at ,/4 ,l\is 9 #aijd1 closes ) a summ>y ( ! public libr>y's functions t rema9s measurably true to-day1 al?\gh1 ( c\rse1 x c\ld n[ be some:at exp&$4 ,a sket* ( ,mr4 ,crund5 appe>s 9 ,vol4 ,i4 ,! ,l\isiana ,pur*ase ,exposition is an epitome ( ! life & activity ( ! _w--f ! nak$ ,negrito to ! gr&e dame ) h] elaborate ,p>is co/ume1 f ! rude wigwam ( ! r$ ,indian to ! ,_w's ,fair palace fill$ ) ! f9e/ furniture1 rugs & tape/ries1 sculpture & pa9t+1 & decorations t ! highe/ ta/e & f9e/ te*nique c produce--f ! monoton\s d9 ( ! savage tom-tom to ! uplift+ & en?rall+ /ra9s ( a great symphony or*e/ra--f fire by friction1 ! fir/ /ep ( man beyond ! bea/1 to ! gr& electric illum9ation t makes ( ^! gr\nds & build+s ! mo/ beautiful art-creat$ spectacle t ev] met ! human eye4 ,& to all ?is magnific5t appeal to ! s5ses are sup]add$ ! m>vels ( mod]n sci5ce & its applications--! wond]s ( ! telescope1 ! microscope & ! spectroscope1 ! telegraph1 9 its late/ wireless ext5sion1 ! electric motor & electric light1 ! telephone & ! phonograph1 ! ,ro5tg5 ray & ! new-f\nd radium4 ,& n[ aft] ?is vision ( wondr\s beauty1 ?is triumph ( ! gr& arts ( ar*itecture & sculpture & l&scape--( all ! arts1 f9e & useful--has = six mon?s enraptur$ ! s5ses ( p f all qu>t]s ( ! globe1 ! le>n$ m5 ( ! _w h ga!r$ "h to set =? & discuss ! fundam5tal pr9cipals t und]lie ! sci5ces1 _! correlations & ! me?ods ( _! application to ! arts ( life--to summ>ize ! progress ( ! pa/1 to discuss ! condition ( ! pres5t & attempt1 p]haps1 a =eca/ ( ! future4 ,9 ! s*eme ( classification1 our subject appe>s 9 ! la/ dep>tm5t t conc]ns itself ) man's purely mundane affairs1 & is ! la/ section 9 t dep>tm5t4 ,x ?us appe>s prop]ly z a climax & summ>y ( ! arts & sci5ces intelligible to man 9 8 pres5t /age ( exi/5ce2 & if ! problem ( ! future life is ev] solv$ ?is side ( ! grave1 ! k cons]v$ & dissem9at$ by ! libr>y w be ! />t+-po9t & ! inspiration ( ! advance1 z x has be5 ( all progress s9ce ! art ( writt5 spee* 0 inv5t$4 ,! libr>y is ! res]voir ( ! common social life ( ! race4 ,x is at once ! accumulator & ! transmitt] ( social en]gy4 ,)\t ! libr>y ! highe/ social culture is impossible2 & a mo/ mod]ate degree c\ld be a*iev$ by v few4 ,"u ! ma9 division1 ,social ,culture1 ! libr>y is "o ( ! five sections 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,education4 ,9 education are summ$ up all ! a*ievem5ts ( ! pa/ & ! possibilities ( ! future4 ,9 ! words ( ,w5dell ,phillips1 ,education is ! "o ?+ wor?y ! deep1 controll+ anxiety ( ! ?\ghtful man4 ,education1 exclaims ,mazz9i1 & my :ole doctr9e is includ$ & summ$ up 9 ?is gr& ^w4 ,x is practically a truism t ,jules ,simon utt]s :5 he says ,le peuple qui a les meilleures ecoles e/ le premi] peuple2 s'il ne l'e/ pas auj\rd'hui il le s]a dema94 ,"u ?is ,dep>tm5t ( ,education1 ) its grades1 ! ,s*ool1 ! ,college & ! ,univ]sity1 ! ,libr>y is assign$ ! la/ section4 ,x belongs !re 9 *ronological ord] ( developm5t z an active factor 9 popul> in/ruction & enlight5m5t2 &1 fur!rmore1 ! pres5tation ( its claims & functions comes naturally aft] ^? ( ! o!r factors 9 education1 because x is an ess5tial coadjutor & supplem5t to ea* & all4 ,x is a summ>y & a climax4 ,!re h always be5 libr>ies1 & !y h always be5 a factor 9 education2 b ! public1 free1 tax-support$ libr>y is b j half a c5tury old1 & c\ld h>dly be consid]$ out ( ! long clo!s ( infancy till ! ye> #ahgf2 :ile its g5]al acceptance z an ess5tial supplem5t to ! public s*ool & a co-ord9ate factor ) ! college & univ]sity may be consid]$ ! accompli%m5t ( ! la/ decade4 ,!re are /ill tea*]s :o look on g5]al read+ z an int]f]5ce ) s*ool "w & an extra burd5 on _! %\ld]s4 ,we />t1 !n1 ) ! axiomatic proposition t all human progress dep5ds on education2 & no elaborate demon/ration is necess>y to %[ t ! libr>y is an ess5tial factor 9 e grade ( education4 ,high] education1 c]ta9ly1 _c disp5se ) ! libr>y4 ,! well-kn[n dictum ( ,c>lyle1 ,! true univ]sity ( mod]n times is a collection ( books1 0 accept$ z a /rik+ /atem5t ( a man ) rhetorical habit1 )\t1 p]haps1 a realization ( its full significance4 ,x has be5 rec5tly exp&$ into a m express & specific tribute to ! importance ( ! libr>y 9 univ]sity education4 ,9 an address deliv]$ 9 ,/4 ,l\is & aft]w>ds publi%$ 9 ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 ,presid5t ,h>p] said3 ,! place occupi$ by libr>ies & laboratories 9 ! educational "w ( to-day1 z comp>$ ) t ( ! pa/1 is "o ( comm&+ importance4 ,inde$1 ! libr>y & ! laboratory h already practically revolutioniz$ ! me?ods ( high] education4 ,9 ! really mod]n in/itution1 ! *ief build+ is ! libr>y4 ,x is ! c5t] ( in/itutional activity4444 ,t factor ( college "w1 ! libr>y1 fifty ye>s ago almo/ unkn[n1 to-day already ! c5t] ( ! in/itution's intellectual activity1 half a c5tury h5ce1 ) its si/]1 ! laboratory1 almo/ equally unkn[n fifty ye>s ago1 w h absorb$ all else & w h become ! in/itution itself4 ,z to ! value ( ! libr>y 9 elem5t>y education ,doctor ,h>ris says3 ,:at !re is good 9 our ,am]ican sy/em po9ts t[>ds ! prep>ation ( ! pupil = ! indep5d5t /udy ( ! book by himself4 ,x po9ts t[>ds acquir+ ! ability ( self-education by means ( ! libr>y4 ,i might quote simil> utt]ances f _m o!r em95t educators z to ! value--! necessity--( ! libr>y 9 e>ly education2 b ,i c ?9k ( no /rong] summ+-up ( ! subject1 nor f high] au?ority1 ?an ?is /atem5t f ,presid5t ,eliot3 ,f ! total tra9+ dur+ *ildhood !re %\ld result 9 ! *ild a ta/e = int]e/+ & improv+ read+1 :i* %\ld direct & inspire its subsequ5t intellectual life4 ,t s*ool+ :i* results 9 ?is ta/e = good read+1 h[ev] unsy/ematic or ecc5tric ! s*ool+ may h be51 has a*iev$ a ma9 end ( elem5t>y education2 & t s*ool+ :i* does n result 9 implant+ ?is p]man5t ta/e has fail$4444 ,! uplift+ ( ! democratic masses dep5ds on ?is implant+ at s*ool ( ! ta/e = good read+4 ,to p]sons :o h giv5 little ?\ght to educational que/ions ^! utt]ances w h ! weight t atta*es to ! highe/ au?ority2 b we ne$ no univ]sity presid5t or national commission] to tell u ^! facts4 ,we h le>n$ !m f our own exp]i5ce2 &1 enlight5$ z we n[ are1 x seems to u /range t "q c\ld ev] h be5 rais$ z to ! ess5tial "* ( ! libr>y 9 elem5t>y education4 ,yet !re are "s ( u1 ,i am sure1 :o c recall pa9ful consequ5ces f putt+ into practice an educational !ory n g5]ally accept$ by ! p$agogues ( our *ildhood days4 ,we "k t high] education is impossible )\t a libr>y1 = ! libr>y is ! /oreh\se ( ! _w's k1 ! record ( humanity's a*ievem5ts1 ! hi/ory ( mank9d's trials & sorr[s & suff]+s1 ( its victories & defeats & ( its gradual progress upw>ds 9 spite ( frequ5t fluctuation & failure4 ,9 ?is *ronicle ( ! pa/ lie lessons = ! pres5t & ! future2 f ! lives ( /ori$ h]oes comes ! inspiration t leads ! race onw>d & upw>d4 ,a univ]sity )\t a libr>y w\ld ( necessity h a v small & weak faculty--only ! few pr(essors :o c\ld be induc$ to g :]e ! mo/ important in/rum5tality ( _! "w 0 lack+3 ! univ]sity t has an adequate libr>y includes 9 its faculty ! pr(essors ( all o!r univ]sities & all ! great tea*]s ( all c\ntries & ages4 ,b is x wor? :ile to consid] a univ]sity )\t a libr>y8 ,c !re be su* an in/itution8 ,9 high] education1 !n1 ! libr>y is a necessity4 ,9 elem5t>y & second>y education x is no less ess5tial1 if ! mo/ is to be made ( ! few ye>s t ! av]age *ild sp5ds 9 s*ool & if he is to be />t$ on a pa? ( self-culture4 ,on ?is po9t ,/anley ,jevons says3 ,9 omitt+ t small exp5diture 9 a univ]sal sy/em ( libr>ies :i* w\ld enable "y m5 & wom5 to keep up ! ?ree ,r's & cont9ue _! education1 we sp5d ,l#ig & /+ily decl9e ! ,l#c really ne$$ to make ! re/ ( ! ,l#ajj effective4 ,at ! ,int]national ,libr>y ,conf]5ce 9 ,london1 9 #ahig1 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ,am]ican libr>ians1 :o has be5 an adm9i/rator 9 a l>ge educational field outside ( ! libr>y1 express$ 8 view ( ! supreme importance ( ! libr>y 9 a s*eme ( popul> education by say+ t if he _h to *oose betwe5 ! public s*ool & ! public libr>y--if he c\ld h only "o--7?\gh ! alt]native is "o t nev] w or c be pres5t$71 he w\ld keep ! libr>y & let ! s*ool g4 ,=1 he argu$1 e *ild w\ld le>n to read someh[2 &1 ) a free libr>y t actively s\ght him1 he w\ld be bett] (f ?an if he _h a s*ool to tea* him to read1 b no books to read aft] he _h le>n$4 ,b h[ev] div]g5t might be op9ions reg>d+ ?is impossible alt]native1 !re is no d\bt t ! public libr>y1 ) enl>g$ functions & activities1 has at lea/ equal pot5tialities ) ! s*ool4 ,:e!r ! =mal in/ruction ( ! s*ool or ! broad] education ( ! libr>y is ( great] value1 dep5ds on :at is ! *ief aim4 ,if x is m]ely to make breadw9n]s1 ! s*ool may be ! m useful1 ?\gh 9 ?is1 too1 ! libr>y is an effici5t coadjutor2 b if our purpose is to make m5 & wom51 citiz5s ( a progressive nation1 active memb]s ( an aspir+ society1 ! libr>y may fairly claim at lea/ equal rank ) ! s*ool4 ,= ! s*ool wields its direct influ5ce ov] ! av]age *ild b a few ye>s2 ! libr>y is an active influ5ce ?r\gh life4 ,aga91 m ?an n9ety-five *ildr5 out ( e hundr$ leave s*ool be=e !y are suffici5tly mature to compreh5d ^? /udies :i* op5 _! eyes to ! univ]se1 :i* be> ^u _! relations to _! fell[-m51 ^u _! duties z citiz5s ( a /ate1 z memb]s ( organiz$ society4 ,^! are ! /udies t deal ) ! mo/ important problems t mank9d has to solve4 ,!y _c be taught to *ildr52 !y _c be taught--dogmatically--at all4 ,!y involve ! consid]ation ( burn+ que/ions1 subjects ( bitt] controv]sy--! _w-old battle betwe5 cons]vatism & innovation :i*1 z ,em]son says1 is ! subject ( civil hi/ory4 ,!y _c be taught by any tea*]1 !y _c be taught by any text-book or by any "o book4 ,_! adequate consid]ation calls = ! read+ ( _m books--books ( ! pres5t & ! future z well z ! pa/4 ,! electrician :o all[s himself to be guid$ by ! treatises ( tw5ty ye>s ago w\ld h no /&+2 nei!r has ! economi/ or sociologi/ :o has n kept up ) ! lit]ature ( ! la/ ?irty ye>s--or ! la/ ?ree ye>s4 ,x w\ld be ( no p>ticul> advantage = all ( u to be electricians4 ,we c safely tru/ t field to exp]ts2 b x is extremely desirable t e man %\ld compreh5d ! great issues ( economics & politics4 ,! s*ool _c ev5 ,,pres5t ! important problems ( sociology2 ! univ]sity _c adequately d s )\t ! libr>y4 ,on no o!r subject is ! wide read+ t ,mat!w ,arnold enjo9s s necess>y4 ,& no o!r subject is ( su* mom5t\s importance to mank9d2 = ! bett]m5t ( social conditions is a necess>y =]unn] & f\ndation ( moral & religi\s progress4 ,& t _c be true religion :i* does n lead to social bett]m5t4 ,9 t noble/ aspiration ev] put into ! m\? & m9d & he>t 7too (t51 alas1 only ! m\?67 ( man we are taught to pray n t we may be transplant$ to a bett] _w1 b t ,god's k+dom may come & ,8 w be done 9 ?is _w4 ,we are n likely to abate our eag]ness 9 ! pursuit ( k ( physical sci5ce1 = ! zeal ( ! sci5ti/ is /imulat$ by ! spur ( comm]cialism2 &1 ?\gh x seems impossible1 ! tw5tie? c5tury may br+ =? z wond]ful discov]ies & inv5tions z ! n9ete5?4 ,b1 to take ! advance j n[ mo/ s\ght1 c any "o raise ! "q z to :i* w\ld be ( great] b5efit to ,/4 ,l\is1 to rea* ,*icago 9 an h\r by air%ip or to take six or t5 h\rs = ! trip & f9d !re--& ev]y:]e--a cont5t$ body ( workm5 supply+ u ) ! necessities ( life & a set ( manag]s c>ry+ on ! transportation sy/em t we already h on equal t]ms to all p8 ,:at ! _w's progress mo/ ne$s is ev5+ up4 ,! advanc+ column pres5ts a v ragg$ front1 ) physical sci5ce & its applications s f> ahead t !y h almo/ lo/ sight ( social sci5ce 9 ! re>4 ,x w\ld be no great disadvantage to ! _w--to ! progress ( mank9d z a :ole--if ! swift-foot$ legion ( appli$ sci5ce w\ld m]ely m>k "t = a p]iod1 :ile att5tion %\ld be giv5 to a bett] organization ( ! va/ human army4 ,! objective po9t w\ld be rea*$ z soon1 = a nation is l a railway tra92 x c g no fa/] ?an its h9dmo/ c>4 ,b ?is is n likely to happ5 at pres5t4 ,appli$ sci5ce has e /imulus f )9 & )\t1 e rew>d intr9sic & extr9sic2 :ile progress 9 ! social & political sci5ces mu/ c>ry ! dead weight ( ! in]tia ( cons]vatism & also meet ! active & int5se opposition ( ve/$ int]e/s1 :i* h ev] ! s+le purpose ( pres]v+ ! /atus quo1 no matt] h[ unju/ or malefic5t4 ,! solution ( ^! all-important problems _c be f\nd 9 ! s*ool1 :]e immature m9ds are taught m]ely h[ to use ! tools ( k2 ^! que/ions _c be settl$ by ! small numb] ( univ]sity /ud5ts2 !y mu/ be solv$ by ! education ( ! masses1 by in/ill+ 9 !m 9 _! e>ly s*ool ye>s a desire = k & a love = good read+1 :i* w lead !m to cont9ue _! education by means ( ! libr>y4 ,! education ( ! mass ( ! vot]s :o det]m9e ! "* ( a democratic gov]nm5t1 mu/ n be left to ! p>ty organ or ! /ump speak]4 ,! great social & political que/ions %\ld be /udi$ & pond]$ 9 ! quiet ( ! closet & n decid$1 )\t previ\s ?\ght1 amid ! hurrahs ( ! hu/+s4 ,to make ! public libr>y realize fully its possibilities z ! ,p's ,univ]sity calls = m ?an ! opportunity :i* e public libr>y n[ (f]s2 x requires active ef=t to rea* out & br+ ! p to ! libr>y by ! fulle/ co-op]ation ) ! s*ool & by means ( attractive lecture c\rses1 :i* %all /imulate read+ & guide x 9 pr(itable *annels4 ,b ! beg9n+ ( ?is "w--! inculcation ( a ta/e = good read+--lies ) ! s*ool1 ) ! libr>y's co-op]ation1 especially dur+ ! ye>s f six to t5 or twelve1 ^? ye>s :5 ne>ly all ! *ildr5 come "u ! s*ool's influ5ce & :5 ! habit ( read+ c be mo/ easily =m$4 ,if *>g$ ) plac+ undue /ress ^u ! value ( ! libr>y1 ,i might urge its comp>ative newness & its consequ5t lack ( recognition2 &1 z an evid5ce ( ! latt]1 ,i might po9t to ! fact t 9 ?is great educational exposition1 :ile "o va/ palace is giv5 up to exhibits ( ! s*ool1 ! libr>y has ) difficulty secur$ a "p ( a room 9 ! ,miss\ri ,/ate ,build+ = an exhibit ( its activities 9 ! great "w ( education1 9 :i*1 z ,i am try+ to %[1 its pot5tialities are z great z ^? ( ! s*ool4 ,z our ,bo>d ( ,directors said1 9 its appeal to ! exposition ,directors = a sep>ate libr>y build+3 ,! libr>y1 besides be+ ! mo/ effici5t & mo/ economical ag5cy = popul> education1 repres5ts all ! fair w h to %[4 ,x /&s = ! sum total ( human k4 ,x is ! in/rum5tality ?r\gh :i* k has be5 cons]v$ & cumulat$4 ,only ?r\gh ! libr>y c civilization cont9ue to advance4444 ,books are ! mo/ pot5t factors 9 progress4 ,)\t books we %\ld h _h no p[]ful locomotives to %[1 no wireless telegraphy1 no wond]-mak+ ma*9]y1 no beautiful build+s1 no impressive /atu>y1 no pa9t+s to ar\se wond] & yield delight--no ,_w's ,fair to draw di/+ui%$ sci5ti/s & educators f all ov] ! _w4 ,by way ( introduction to ! compreh5sive addresses ( ! two di/+ui%$ delegates :o h travell$ f\r or five ?\s& miles to lay be=e ?is ,section1 &1 ?r\gh publication1 be=e ! _w1 ! pa/ hi/ory & ! pres5t problems ( ! libr>y1 x has seem$ to me appropriate t1 z *airman1 ,i %\ld pres5t a brief plea = ! consid]ation ( ! libr>y z "o ( ! greate/ factors 9 human progress4 ,x has exi/$1 ?\gh n 9 its pres5t =m or ) its pres5t functions1 f ! dawn ( record$ civilization4 ,x is itself ! record ( civilization2 & )\t x !re c be no records & no civilization4 ,x is ! repository1 ! cu/odian1 ! pres]v] ( all ! arts & sci5ces & ! pr9cipal means ( dissem9at+ all k4 ,) ! s*ool & ! *ur* x =ms ! tripod necess>y to ! /able equilibrium ( society4 ,let me briefly summ>ize ! functions ( ! public libr>y4 #a4 ,x d\bles ! value ( ! public s*ool in/ruction1 on :i* is exp5d$ m ?an t5 times ! co/ ( ! libr>y4 #b4 ,x enables ! *ildr5 :o leave s*ool at an e>ly age 7an ov]:elm+ majority7 to cont9ue _! education :ile e>n+ _! liv+4 ,x provides = ! education ( ! adults :o h lack$ or fail$ to utilize e>ly opportunities4 ,?is is ( special importance 9 a c\ntry l ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e "o ( ! greate/ political problems is ! assimilation ( a va/ influx ( ignorant =eign]s ( all races & languages4 #c4 ,x supplies books & p]iodicals ne$$ = ! in/ruction ( artisans1 me*anics1 manufactur]s1 eng9e]s1 & all o!rs ^: "w requires te*nical k#f--;all p]sons on :om dep5ds ! indu/rial progress ( ! community4 #d4 ,x furni%es in=mation & inspiration to m9i/]s1 tea*]s1 j\rnali/s1 au?ors1 physicians1 legislators--all p]sons on ^: "w dep5d ! intellectual1 moral1 sanit>y1 political & religi\s welf>e & advancem5t ( ! p4 #e4 ,x is ! /imulus & ! reliance ( ! lit]>y & /udy clubs1 :i*1 especially among ! wom51 h done mu* n only = individual self-culture b also = civic enlight5m5t & social bett]m5t4 ,?is repres5ts its num]\s po/-graduate c\rses1 :i* are tak5 by con/antly increas+ numb]s4 #f4 ,x has philosoph]s & !ologians to expla9 & exp\nd & to exhort ^? :o are will+ to li/52 b1 f> bett]1 x has poets & dramati/s & noveli/s--:o compel a he>+ & impress on he>t z well z m9d ! fundam5tal tru?s ( morality & religion4 #g4 ,x is also a s*ool ( mann]s1 :i* h be5 well def9$ z m9or morals4 ,! *ild le>ns by example & by ! sil5t influ5ce ( 8 surr\nd+s2 & e visit to a libr>y is a lesson 9 propriety & ref9em5t4 ,! r\ghe/ boy or ! rude/ man _c fail to be impress$ by ! libr>y atmosph]e & by t c\rtesy :i* is ! *ief elem5t 9 ! libr>y _s4 #h4 ,x imp>ts1 z ! s*ool _c1 k ( "o's self1 & ( "o's relations to "o's fell[-man1 & ?us prep>es ! individual = citiz5%ip & fell[%ip 9 organiz$ society & leads him to be an active =ce 9 social advancem5t4 #i4 ,x elevates ! /&>d ( g5]al intellig5ce ?r\gh\t ! community1 on :i* dep5ds its mat]ial prosp]ity z well z its moral & political well-be+4 #f ,! in=mation furni%$ by a book 9 ! ,c9c9nati ,public ,libr>y once sav$ t city a qu>t] ( a million doll>s4 ,?is 9 num]\s in/ances1 b on a small] scale1 is a "p ( ! ev]yday "w ( ! libr>y4 #aj4 ,b n la/1 if an exhau/ive li/ 7 aim$ at--nor lea/ x supplies a univ]sal & urg5t crav+ ( human nature by af=d+ to all ent]ta9m5t ( ! highe/ & pure/ "*1 sub/itut+ ?is = ! co>se1 debas+1 demoraliz+1 amusem5ts :i* w\ld o!rwise be s\ght & f\nd4 ,fur!r1 x br+s relief & /r5g? to _m a suff]+ body & *e] & solace to _m a sorr[+ he>t4 ,x is in/ruction & inspiration to ! "y1 com=t & consolation to ! old1 recreation & companion%ip to all ages & conditions4 ,i close z ,i began3 ,education is ! greate/ conc]n ( mank9d2 x is ! f\ndation ( all human progress4 ,! libr>y is an ess5tial factor 9 all grades ( education2 & x is ! ag5t pl5ipot5ti>y 9 ! bett]m5t ( society & ! culture & *e] ( ! human s\l4 ,! highe/ gift ( education is n ! ma/]y ( sci5ces1 b noble liv+1 g5]\s "*1 ! spiritual delight t comes f famili>ity ) ! l(tie/ ideals ( ! human m9d1 ! spiritual p[] t saves ea* g5]ation f ! intoxication ( its own success4 ,,! ,,libr>y ,,z ,a ,,factor ,,9 ,,mod]n ,,civilization ,read by ,presid5t ,faunce ( ,br[n ,univ]sity1 at ! ,n>ragansett ,pi] ,conf]5ce ( ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association 9 #aijf4 ,elaborates ! libr>y's ?ree gifts to ! nation--k1 p]spective & ideals4 ,william ,h]b]t ,p]ry ,faunce 0 born 9 ,worce/]1 ,mass41 ,jan4 #ae1 #ahei1 graduat$ at ,br[n ,univ]sity 9 #ahhj1 ent]$ ! ,bapti/ m9i/ry1 & aft] hold+ sev]al pa/orates became 9 #ahii presid5t ( 8 alma mat]4 ,he is kn[n z an effective writ] & speak]1 especially on religion & education4 ,we h long be5 accu/om$ to speak ( ?ree great factors 9 mod]n civilization--! s*ool1 ! *ur*1 & ! home4 ,mu/ we1 9 view ( su* a significant meet+ z ?is1 add a f\r? factor--! libr>y8 ,! mod]n libr>y has 9 "s places become a true s*ool2 9 o!r places x has radiat$ some?+ ( ! ref9em5t = :i* we once look$ to ! home1 & some?+ ( ! idealism :i* is a peculi> gift ( ! *ur*4 ,! libr>y is va/ly m ?an a collection ( books3 x is a social1 civiliz+1 moraliz+ =ce4 ,we expect to f9d ! libr>y build+ 9 e city & t[n z mu* z to f9d ! spire ( ! *ur* or ! flag ( ! s*oolh\se4 ,! visitor to ,bo/on to-day f9ds ! public libr>y z comm&+ a pile z ,tr9ity ,*ur*1 & f> m impos+ ?an any s*oolh\se4 ,! visitor to ,new ,york f9ds ! new public libr>y build+ climb+ into a mass & dignity z great z t ( any ca!dral4 ,no smalle/ village is n[ complete )\t its libr>y1 & :5 "s future ,goldsmi? %all s+ ! praise ( ano!r ,des]t$ village1 he w po9t out n only ) ! noisy mansion ( ! s*ool-ma/]1 n only ! *ur* adorn$ ) ! meek & unaffect$ grace ( ! rural pa/or1 b ! load$ %elves1 ! catalogs & ref]5ce li/s1 ! *airs & tables1 & ! zeal unaffect$1 ?\gh n always meek1 ( ! mod]n libr>ian4 ,^! libr>ies h sprung into be+ ?r\gh\t ! l& )\t specific legislation & )\t delib]ate propag&a4 ,! *ur* mission>y societies ( ! c\ntry h adopt$ ! av[$ policy ( plant+ a *ur* 9 e community1 & appo9t+ sup]9t5d5ts ( missions to see t ?is is done4 ,e /ate 9 ! ,union has its laws = ! e/abli%m5t & ma9t5ance ( s*ools4 ,b ^! multiply+ libr>ies h come into be+ )\t enactm5t ( law or ! prea*+ ( ! crusade4 ,!y h spread f sea to sea by a happy contagion1 !y h become a noble ,am]ican epidemic4 ,! great in>ticulate ?ir/ = k has dem&$ satisfaction1 & creat$ its own supply4 ,our wise/ directors ( public s5tim5t & philan?ropic endeavor h realiz$ t ?r\gh ! libr>y may come a *>ity t does n paup]ize1 a help t induces self-help1 light to irradiate ! d>k places ( civilization1 inspiration = e call+1 & access & p[] to e wor?y in/itution & noble cause4 ,:at !n is ! specific function ( ?is new & p[]ful in/itution 9 mod]n life8 ,:at is ! contribution ( ! libr>y to mod]n civilization8 ,! libr>y makes to ! nation ?ree gifts3 ! gift ( k1 ! gift ( p]spective1 ! gift ( ideals4 ,putt+ ! matt] 9 ano!r way1 we may say x gives u facts1 relations1 values4 ,! libr>y is prim>ily to cons]ve & dissem9ate k4 ,inde$1 ! old conception ( ! libr>y 0 purely t ( a place ( /orage = writt5 or pr9t$ mat]ial4 ,no "o ?\ght ( tak+ out a book f a m$iaeval libr>y any m ?an ( remov+ a /atue or pa9t+ f an art gall]y4 ,& /ill to-day ! function ( ! libr>y z a /oreh\se is mo/ important4 ,mod]n democracy holds t k is n = a few bright m9ds ( ea* g5]ation1 n = an intellectual elite2 b all t is kn[able is to be made accessible to all t desire to "k4 ,if we all[ k to come only to a *os5 few ( ea* g5]ation1 h[ c we "k t we h *os5 ! "r ones to receive x8 ,! g5ius t might turn ! /ream ( hi/ory may be born 9 ! l[lie/ cab9 on ! prairie1 or 9 ! d>ke/ t5em5t ( ! great city4 ,!re may n be a village ,hampd5 9 e village1 b !re may be an ,edison1 a ,fulton1 an ,eli ,:itney1 an ,&rew ,c>negie1 a ,c>l ,s*urz 9 any village 9 ,am]ica4 ,only :5 we make k accessible to all %all we "k :at m9ds & he>ts are among u4 ,b we mu/ discrim9ate4 ,! books :i* no long] convey k1 :i* /ate !ories no long] held1 & prop\nd z facts ?+s no long] believ$2 9 o!r words1 antiquat$ books ( k %\ld be %>ply sep>at$ f books abrea/ ( mod]n ?9k+4 ,^? books :i* h ceas$ to be ( any use to mank9d 7except = antiqu>ian purposes7 or :i* nev] 7 ( any use to mank9d--& _! "n is legion--h _! place 9 a museum1 b n 9 an work+ libr>y4 ,9 an ars5al we keep only weapons n[ s]viceable 9 actual w>1 & relegate fl9t-locks1 catapults1 & b[s & arr[s to ! museum4 ,no ars5al 9 ! _w w\ld be l>ge en\gh to accommodate weapons = a mod]n regim5t m+l$ ) all ! weapons ( all pa/ g5]ations4 ,x is "t = "s "o to say frankly t !re is no inh]5t sanctity 9 pap] & pr9t]'s ink4 ,x may h be5 true 9 ,milton's day t a book 0 usually ! preci\s life-blood ( a ma/] _s2 b to-day a book is (t5 ! product ( ! lea/ erect$ _s t fell4 ,an almanac put =? to adv]tise "s no/rum1 or a novel prep>$ purely z a piece ( m]*&ise1 does n acquire dignity or value simply because b\nd 9 lea!r & plac$ on ! %elf ) ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,we mu/ apply to our libr>ies "s high] /&>d ?an t ( size4 ,we nev] e/imate ! ,uffizzi or ! ,l\vre by ! numb] ( pa9t+s !y conta91 yet we cont9ue to grade mod]n libr>ies by ! numb] ( volumes groan+ on du/-cov]$ %elves4 ,a libr>y ( five ?\s& well select$ books may be ( f> m s]vice ?an "o ( "o hundr$ ?\s& compos$ l>gely ( books outgr[n & =gott54 ,our public libr>ies mu/ di/+ui% %>ply betwe5 ! libr>y & ! museum1 to ! advantage ( bo?4 ,secondly3 ,p]spective4 ,! libr>y aims to %[ u facts 9 _! l>ge & p]man5t relations4 ,!re is no virtue 9 m]e k ( facts 7any m ?an 9 va/ numb]s ( volumes74 ,mo/ facts are n wor? kn[+1 /ill less wor? pres]v+4 ,d\btless ! lett] p occurs a c]ta9 def9ite numb] ( times 9 ,idylls ( ! ,k+1 & x may be t "s delud$ mortal 9 prison or asylum has asc]ta9$ t numb]2 b we d n c>e to "k t fact or h any "o else "k x4 ,! exact numb] ( gra9s 9 "s ant-hill is d\btless discov]able1 b only a lunatic w\ld c>e = ! discov]y4 ,mo/ facts 9 nature & 9 hi/ory are 9 our pres5t /age ( developm5t )\t value4 ,only :5 ^! facts are collect$1 classifi$1 se5 9 relation1 & translat$ into tru? d !y become ( value to m54 ,= ?is reason ! libr>y mu/ enc\rage1 sl[1 pati5t1 ?\ghtful read+4 ,we h long be5 told t a ta/e = read+ is wor? t5 ?\s& a ye>4 ,:e!r ?is is true or n dep5ds altoge!r on :at sort ( read+ is ref]r$ to4 ,! habit ( lett+ ! m9d lie passive :ile "s scribbl] plays ^u x is n wor? t5 ?\s& a ye>4 ,! habit ( lett+ ! m9d become a wa/e basket = s5sation & sc&al is n wor? t5 ?\s& a ye>4 ,! habit ( read+ z a sub/itute = ?9k+ is wor? no?+1 b is %e] damage to m5tal fibre4 ,! univ]sity libr>y is ev5 m important ?an ! univ]sity laboratory4 ,9 ! laboratory we v]ify ! !ory :i* is f> m likely to be discov]$ 9 ! libr>y4 ,! new discov]y is a new comb9ation ( old ideas1 & su* m5tal comb9ation comes to u m easily :5 we are deal+ ) ?\ghts ?an ) ?+s4 ,our /ud5ts ne$ to use books n only z tools1 b z fri5ds4 ,9 ! old days1 :5 ! read+ ( college /ud5ts 0 f> m promiscu\s ?an to-day1 !y 7 accu/om$ to reg>d books almo/ z p]sonal acqua9tances1 & !re 0 a g5u9e ex*ange ( reaction ( writ] & read]4 ,su* read+ 0 inde$ v desultory1 b1 z our pr(essor ( ,engli% lit]ature is accu/om$ to say1 x 0 imm5sely fatt5+4 ,n[1 on ! o!r h&1 ! college /ud5t goes to ! libr>y ) a li/ ( ref]5ces1 us+ _m books1 b becom+ really acqua9t$ ) none4 ,he op5s "o "w at volume #b1 page #aic1 ano!r at volume #d1 page #cae1 &1 hav+ extract$ ! precise bit ( in=mation he desires1 has no fur!r use = ! au?or 9 "q4 ,?is mod]n me?od ( read+ is f> m accurate & def9ite ?an ! old] me?od1 & is obvi\sly effective 9 secur+ results4 ,b x mu/ be supplem5t$ by ! br[s+ ( =m] days1 by ! l>ge horizons :i* come f be+ set free 9 ! companion%ip ( great m9ds4 ,?irdly3 ,ideals4 ,our libr>ies mu/ n be only /oreh\ses ( k1 b res]voirs ( p[]4 ,! great books ( all "t give u contact ) inspir+ p]sonalities1 %9+ examples1 ) ! great lead]s ( m54 ,! trophies ( ,!mi/ocles w n suff] u to sleep4 ,:5 su* books come into _m a %ut-9 life1 to _m a boyhood1 cab9$ & conf9$1 ! limitations ( ! f>m & factory are =gott51 ! m9d exp&s to a k9%ip ) pa/ & future1 & ! read] 9 "s village libr>y may become ! prophet ( ! new c5tury1 & ! lead] ( ! mod]n _w4 ,m ?an t3 ! lit]ature ( p[] creates ! climate 9 :i* we live4 ,x %apes our ideals ( success1 ( p[]1 ( beauty1 ( goodness4 ,fiction & poetry1 if !y ?us create aspiration & give u /&>ds1 may be m useful ?an all encyclop$ias or text-books1 = !y deal ) ! s\rces & ! goal ( all human action4 ,,! ,,provision ,,( ,,books ,! sev5 addresses or pap]s j prec$+ relate to ! g5]al s]vices ( ! libr>y to ! community4 ,! twelve t n[ foll[ analyze ?is into f\r types ( special s]vice1 z already sugge/$--! provision ( books1 ! collection ( in=mation1 ! control & guidance ( read+ & community-c5tre s]vice4 ,! next ?ree pap]s treat ( ! provision ( books4 ,,! ,,libr>ian ,,& ,,8 ,,con/itu5ts ,t ! *oice ( books is ! mo/ important ( ! libr>ian's duties & t 8 be/ ef=t %\ld be giv5 to x1 is ! ?\ght ( an in/itutional libr>ian1 ,r4,b4 ,poole ( ! ,new ,york ,y4,m4,c4,a4 ,?is view %\ld int]e/ ^? :o ?9k t adm9i/rative problems & socialization are elb[+ ! books into ! backgr\nd4 ,reub5 ,brooks ,poole 0 born 9 ,rockport1 ,mass41 9 #ahcd1 & graduat$ at ,br[n ,univ]sity 9 #aheg4 ,aft] s]v+ z a tea*] he became libr>ian ( ! ,y4,m4,c4,a4 libr>y 9 ,new ,york ,city1 :]e he rema9$ until 8 dea? on ,april #f1 #ahie4 ,he 0 presid5t ( 8 /ate libr>y association 9 #ahid4 ,by con/itu5ts is n meant political con/itu5ts4 ,x is un=tunate = any libr>ian :5 he holds 8 (fice 9 a public libr>y z a political favor1 & libr>y appo9tm5ts %\ld be z f> remov$ z possible f all p>ty influ5ces4 ,a public libr>y1 l any o!r public prop]ty1 is susceptible ( be+ us$ z a tool1 & may easily deg5]ate into a political job1 unless specially protect$ by its *>t]4 ,new ,york city has "o su* libr>y4 ,! libr>y exi/s = ! libr>ians2 its con/itu5ts--n read]s--are ( ! s*ool ( politics4 ,! example1 x is to be hop$1 is a unique "o 9 our c\ntry4 ,a brief retrospect ( ! libr>ies & libr>ians ( ! pa/ may help u to m fully compreh5d ! situation ( ! libr>ian & 8 con/itu5ts ( to-day4 ,! monk repres5t$ ! libr>ian ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,he 0 n by pr(ession a libr>ian1 & yet ! valuable s]vice he r5d]$ to lit]ature entitles him to ! "n4 ,he 0 at once *ori/]1 ma/] ( c]emonies1 transcrib]1 illum9ator1 & collector4 ,pr(ess$ly ! monk 0 a religi\s ascetic4 ,he retir$ f ! _w to devote himself to religion1 to a life ( self-d5ial4 ,8 language 0 ! ,lat92 ! books or manuscripts t surr\nd$ him 7 works ( ! ,fa!rs1 books ( devotion1 s]vice-books1 & ! classics4 ,^! 7 j 9 keep+ ) 8 life & ?\ghts4 ,a cong5ial occupation 0 ?us op5$ to him4 ,! h\rs ( ! cloi/] 7 made %ort] z ! monk duplicat$ & r$uplicat$ "s da9ty missal1 or "s comm5t>y ( ,augu/9e1 or pa9t$ a m9iature ( ! ,virg9 or ( ! apo/les4 ,h[ev] mu* we may diff] 9 op9ion z to ! s]vice r5d]$ to religion by ! mona/]ies ( ! ,middle ,ages1 z libr>ians we h a fell[-feel+ ) ^! toil+ monks1 & are grateful to !m = ! s]vice !y h r5d]$ ! libr>ies ( to-day by _! pres]vation ( works t o!rwise w\ld h be5 de/roy$4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! book-mak+ arts ( to-day to comp>e ) ! arti/ic skill display$ 9 ! illum9ations & m9iature-pa9t+ :i* enri* & beautify ! manuscripts ( ^? times4 ,! mona/ic libr>ies 7 small1 & ! read]s few4 ,books 7 loan$ f mona/]y to mona/]y4 ,!y 7 di/ribut$ once a ye>1 at ! ,l5t5 season4 ,z ea* borr[] return$ 8 book he 0 cate*is$ z to its cont5ts1 if ! exam9ation 0 satisfactory he 0 all[$ ano!r book = ! com+ ye>2 if n1 he mu/ take 8 old book aga94 ,"o n a memb] ( ! ord] ( ,/4 ,b5$ict1 or an atta*e ( ,cluny or ,cant]bury1 c\ld procure ! covet$ treasure1 sometimes1 by pl$g+ to return ) ! manuscript borr[$ a full transcription4 ,libr>y economy 9 ^! ages 0 v simple4 ,catalogues 7 little m ?an inv5tories1 & no discordant notes 7 *ant$1 9 duets or solos1 ov] sy/ems ( classification4 ,! absolute or fix$ sy/em ( %elv+ 0 9 vogue1 ! books be+ held 9 _! places by *a9s4 ,! survival ( ?is feature exi/s 9 ! atta*m5ts ( ! mod]n city directory4 ,b1 n to l+] long] 9 cloi/]s or abbeys1 we come to ! age ( pr9t+ & to ! f\ndation ( ! mod]n libr>ies ( ,europe2 ! treasures 9 ! mona/ic libr>ies contribut+ to =m _! va/ collections4 ,! monk's occupation z a libr>ian 0 gone1 & he 0 succe$$ by ! collector1 ! keep]1 ! s*ol>4 ,9 ! c5turies imm$iately succe$+ ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ !re 0 a gr[+ diffusion ( k by means ( libr>ies4 ,we smile at ! re/rictions impos$1 & look ^u !m z s _m fett]s on ! intellect4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 to be borne 9 m9d t at ?is "t books 7 co/ly & r>e1 & on ?is acc\nt 7 gu>d$ ) great jeal\sy4 ,:5 ! ,bodleian libr>y 0 f\nd$ x 0 /ipulat$ by law t "u no pret5ce %\ld any book be l5t to any "o1 no matt] :at 8 /ation4 ,a ,fell[ ( ,corpus ,*ri/i ,college c\ld n ent] ! sacr$ alcoves alone1 & he 0 "u oa? n to remove a book4 ,! books 7 !re = use1 !re c be no "q2 & 9 ! ,bodleian1 to :i* we h j ref]r$1 a p]son c\ld h six books at a "t to consult1 & ! libr>y 0 op5 = six h\rs dur+ ! day4 ,ab\t #afej ,humphrey ,*e?am bequea!d ,l#a1jjj = a public libr>y 9 ,man*e/]1 ,engl&4 ,he 0 a firm adh]5t ( ! fix$ location4 ,my m9d & w is1 he says1 t c>e be tak5 t none ( said books be tak5 out ( ! said libr>y at any "t1 & t ! said books be fix$ or *a9$4 ,aft] specify+ c]ta9 religi\s books1 & annotations on ! ,bible1 he adds1 & o!r books prop] = ! common p4 ,x 0 two hundr$ ye>s aft] ?is1 9 ?is la/ half c5tury1 be=e ! ,public ,libr>ies ,act 0 introduc$ into ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t2 & f ?is p]iod we may date a new era1 bo? 9 ,engl& & 9 ?is c\ntry1 9 ! dissem9ation ( books & improv$ libr>y me?ods4 ,! la/ decade1 comm5c+ ) ! =mation ( ! ,a4,l4,a4 & ! beg9n+ ( our second c5tury z a nation1 has witness$ results hi!rto una*iev$ 9 libr>y economy4 ,x is n necess>y to enl>ge "h ^u ! "w t has be5 accompli%$4 ,! important ?+ to note is t ! libr>ian ( to-day %\ld be en rapport ) all t p]ta9s to 8 pr(ession4 ,he %\ld acqua9t himself ) s*emes ( classification1 & elect f !m t :i* is be/ adapt$ = ! purposes ( 8 own libr>y4 ,he %\ld adopt ! be/ sy/em = *>g+1 acqua9t himself ) ! mo/ approv$ libr>y appliances4 ,:e!r he adopt ! class$ catalogue1 ! diction>y1 ! alphabeto-class$1 or any o!r =m1 let x be "o t %all be abrea/ ( ! progress t has be5 made 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( libr>y sci5ce4 ,! libr>ian c sc>cely keep pace ) 8 fell[-libr>ians unless he receives ! "r h& ( fell[%ip ( ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association1 & is a read] ( ! ,libr>y j\rnal or ! ,libr>y notes1 j laun*$ & design$ to cruise along ! coa/ into ! small] ports4 ,! advantages :i* ! libr>ian receives f ^! s\rces w qualify him bett] = 8 pr(ession1 b ! great] advantage w accrue to 8 read]s3 k w be made m available1 & a bright1 *e]ful atmosph]e w p]vade ! alcoves ( 8 /ore-h\se4 ,! libr>ian ( to-day is develop+ to ! full ! utilit>ian pr9ciple4 ,he is practical1--practical 9 8 libr>y managem5t1 practical 9 8 *oice ( books4 ,8 con/itu5cy is ei!r a p>ticul> class or ! great public4 ,to supply ! masses ) read+1 & to make books helpful 9 all ! vocations ( life1 is ! libr>ian's aim4 ,x is j "h t we ne$ to emulate our pr$ecessors1 ! monks & ! collectors & bookworms ( ! sixte5? & succe$+ c5turies4 ,he mu/ h ! _s ( ! collector1 ! animus ( ! s*ol>4 ,he mu/ n =get t he is an antiqu>ian 9 8 zeal = utility4 ,8 con/itu5cy is n conf9$ to ! pres5t2 he is build+ = po/]ity z well4 ,8 libr>y w live aft] him4 ,he !re=e ne$s to be a wise ma/]-build]4 ,if ! *oice ( books is 9 ! libr>ian's h&s1 or if he occupies an important position 9 connection ) ! selection1 8 be/ ef=t %\ld be giv5 to ?is dep>tm5t4 ,! responsibility is n small4 ,he w f9d x m difficult (t5 to reject ?an to select4 ,he mu/ consult ! wants ( 8 read]s2 b !re is a limit to t4 ,ev]y?+ t is 9 pr9t may be call$ =1 b t is no reason :y x %\ld be honor$ ) a place 9 a libr>y4 ,! libr>ian's p]sonal equation is n to be ! /&>d1 b ! f\ndation pr9ciples ( morality1 tru?1 & s\nd s5se mu/ guide him4 ,no qu>t] %\ld be giv5 to books ( d\btful morality4 ,fiction n[ f9ds a place 9 mo/ libr>ies op5 to any ext5t to ! public1 & ?is class ( books =ms s l>ge a "p ( ! circulation ( _m libr>ies t x is becom+ a "q ( no small importance z to h[ f> public funds %\ld be exp5d$ = su* books z af=d little else ?an pa/ime4 ,a public libr>y is a public educator4 ,x is n a sluice into :i* e publi%] may dump 8 entire w>es2 z educators1 libr>ians & manag+ bo>ds h ! "r to ma9ta9 ! purity ( _! collections1 & to protect !m f inundations ( wor?less books4 ,! libr>ian %\ld be al]t to supply 8 read]s ) all !y require t w be helpful1 z we h said2 b1 m ?an ?is1 he %\ld lead !m4 ,he may d s by procur+ works ( /&>d wor?1 new & old1 t repres5t ! be/ ?\ght 9 any dep>tm5t ( lit]ature or sci5ce4 ,unless he has some?+ ( ! _s ( ! collector v mu* w elude 8 grasp1 & be1 p]haps1 utt]ly lo/ to 8 libr>y4 ,!re are ! limit$ editions1 n[ s limit$ 9 numb]2 ! privately pr9t$ book2 ! fir/ numb]s ( p]iodicals2 ! fir/ reports ( societies2 local hi/ories & g5ealogies2 memorial volumes1 & ! l1--works ^: value is enhanc$ by "t4 ,a libr>ian1 to be successful1 mu/ be a lov] ( books4 ,! novice1 9 apply+ = a libr>ian%ip1 (t5 puts x d[n z "o ( 8 c>d9al qualifications t he is fond ( read+4 ,to ! active1 toil+ work] ?is is n sugge/ive ( bus9ess4 ,a love ( books v naturally sugge/s a ta/e = read+1 except :5 bibliomania is 9 ! blood4 ,a true fri5d ( books is n su* because 8 collection embraces ,elzevirs & ,ald9es1 or because !y are 9 ,groli] or ,b$=d b9d+s1 or pr9t$ on ,:atman or ,holl& pap]1--^! are matt]s ( j pride1--b because ! army ( sil5t au?ors1 m>%all$ "u 8 lead]%ip1 w diffuse light & k :]ev] !y g4 ,! libr>ian imbu$ ) ?is _s1 if he f9ds "t to read1 w reflect :at he has read4 ,x is to be fe>$ t ! libr>ian :o reads 9 ^! times is ! exception2 & yet !re c be no "q t1 if he c\ld h ea* day an h\r or two = read+1--"t en\gh to acqua9t himself ) ! ?\ght ( ! times1 & occasionally commune ) ! au?ors ( ! pa/1--8 effici5cy w\ld be greatly enl>g$1 & 8 read]s w\ld h a supplem5tal catalogue 9 him1 correspond+1 to "s ext5t1 to ! good "w contemplat$ by our ,coop]ative ,committee4 ,!re are 9 e libr>y v _m books t are :at we might t]m1 to use a m]cantile phrase1 dead /ock4 ,f ! v necessities ( ! case !re mu/ be _m books t w be call$ = only at great int]vals1 :ile o!rs nev] h a fri5dly consultation4 ,b1 aside f ^!1 libr>ies w (t5 h works ( great practical value t are /&+ idle1 because x is n g5]ally kn[n t ! libr>y possesses !m4 ,!re may be a *oice lot ( works on electricity1 a r>e collection on c]amics1 a f9e selection ( engrav+s1 repres5tative works 9 ! v>i\s indu/rial arts2 ! call = !m n be+ popul> & l>ge1 !y might be br\ght to ! notice ( a l>g] con/itu5cy by call+ ! att5tion ( c]ta9 read]s to !m1 or by s5d+ a polite invitation to "s manufactur+ firms1 to "s pr(essional electricians1 or to art s*ools & sci5tific s*ools4 ,p]iodicals1 be=e ! days ( ,poole's ,index1 7 seal$ books4 ,libr>ies h be5 wond]fully exp&$ :]e ?is index is us$4 ,fur!r coop]ation 9 ?is direction1 z plann$ by ! ,coop]ative ,committee1 %\ld receive he>ty enc\ragem5t4 ,! books ( a libr>y may be fur!r enl>g$ 9 _! use by publi%+1 on ! libr>y bullet91 ! works 9 ! libr>y t illu/rate important ev5ts1 aft] ! admirable plan initiat$ by ,mr4 ,fo/]1 ( ,provid5ce4 ,if ! libr>ian has n ! "t at 8 comm& to read he has r>e opportunities = read+ "*2 & to be on good t]ms ) 8 v>i$ con/itu5cy he w h to be l ,/4 ,paul1--all ?+s to all m54 ,he mu/ be polite1 accommodat+1 possess 8 s\l 9 pati5ce1 & be unselfi% 9 8 devotion to 8 read]s4 ,g5]ally1 8 contact ) 8 con/itu5cy w be pleasant & agreeable1 b he w h to deal ) c]ta9 typical *>act]s t w vex & fret him4 ,!re is ! rummag]1 :o sn>ls at all catalogues1 & wants ! fre$om ( ! libr>y1 n = /udi\s rese>*1 b to gratify 8 booki% prop5sity4 ,five m9utes ) au?ors is 8 wat*word4 ,! crank1 :o has be5 def9$ z a p]son ) an idea1 )\t bra9s to c>ry x out1 is a frequ5t] ( libr>ies4 ,8 inquiries are = :at ! libr>y does n possess4 ,?is af=ds him a text = lectur+ ! libr>ian & ! manag]s4 ,if ! libr>ian's s5tim5ts are n 9 accord ) t idea ( 8 he ?reat5s to expose him 9 ! newspap]s4 ,! curiosity-hunt] is ano!r repres5tative read]4 ,he is bro!r to ! rummag]1 b he does n despise catalogues4 ,!y exhibit ! oddities ( ! libr>y1 at lea/ ! odd titles1 su* z ,lu!r's ,vagabonds & ,begg>s1 ,! ,f\ndl+ ,hospital = ,wit1 or ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,tread-mill4 ,he passes quickly f "o to ! o!r1 glean+ "h & !re till curiosity is satiat$4 ,ano!r read] helps ! libr>ian mat]ially 9 8 /ati/ics2 if he calls = "o book he calls = an armful4 ,! subject he is inve/igat+ may require all ! light ! libr>y c focus ^u x2 b he disposes ( 8 armful s quickly t ! qu]y is1 by :at al*emy k is appropriat$ s rapidly4 ,x mu/ be put to ! cr$it ( ?is age4 ,! intellig5t tramp is ano!r habitue ( libr>ies4 ,he is sometimes a desultory read]1 sometimes he is a speciali/1 & he inve/igates ) a pr(\nd air ! mo/ difficult problems2 b t is z f> z he goes4 ,he is con/itutionally lazy4 ,he has "s love = lit]ature & sci5ce1 b a f> m appreciative love ( leisure4 ,he does no?+1 produces no?+4 ,!n !re are walk+ encyclopa$ias4 ,y _c "n any au?or or "w t !y h n an acqua9tance )4 ,!y c talk glibly on any subject2 !y absorb l sponges1 b !y give out no?+4 ,!y h a passion = read+2 b !y ei!r d n1 or w n1 make _! k available to o!rs4 ,! color$ man :o n long s9ce appli$ to me = some?+ on ! too?a*e1 z he 0 to deliv] a lecture ^u ?is int]e/+ topic1 0 n ( ?is non-productive class4 ,if 8 monograph has be5 publi%$ x w be a good book = close classification4 ,! libr>ian :o feels ! obligations ( 8 position realizes t 8 influ5ce z an educator is f>-rea*+1 tell+ effectively ^u ! community 9 :i* he lives1 & de/9$ to ext5d f> d[n ! ye>s to come4 ,x becomes him1 !re=e1 to fully equip himself = 8 "w1 & to give to 8 con/itu5ts ! results ( 8 ripe/ exp]i5ce & 8 mo/ unselfi% att5tion4 ,,! ,,usefulness ,,( ,,libr>ies ,,9 ,,small ,,t[ns ,a few books 9 a small t[n may ex]t z mu* influ5ce z _m books 9 a l>ge "o2 & ! p]sonal influ5ce ( _! cu/odian & adm9i/rator may c\nt = m4 ,an e>ly /atem5t plac+ emphasis on ?is fact by ,miss ,we/ ( ! ,milwaukee ,public ,libr>y 7n[ ,mrs4 ,h5ry ,l4 ,elm5dorf7 appe>s 9 ! subjo9$ pap] read at ! ,buffalo ,conf]5ce ( ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association 9 #ahhc4 ,!resa ,we/ ,elm5dorf1 :o z ! writ] ( ?is pap] 0 ,!resa ,hubbell ,we/1 0 born at ,p>dieville1 ,wis41 ,nov4 #a1 #ahee1 educat$ 9 ,milwaukee & s]v$ on ! /aff ( ! public libr>y ( t city1 be+ deputy libr>ian 9 #ahhj-ib & libr>ian 9 #ahib-if4 ,9 t ye> %e m>ri$ ,h5ry ,l4 ,elm5dorf1 !n libr>ian ( ! ,buffalo ,public ,libr>y1 & s9ce 8 dea? 9 #aijf %e has be5 vice-libr>ian !re4 ,9 #aiaa %e 0 *os5 presid5t ( ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association--! fir/ woman to hold ?is (fice4 ,!re is /ill1 z 9 ! days :5 ! /ory ( ! wick$ & slo?ful s]vant1 :o contemptu\sly hid 8 "o tal5t 9 a napk91 0 told1 some?+ disc\rag+ 9 ! sight ( incomp>ably great] opportunities ?an our own 9 ! h&s ( ano!r4 ,! libr>ian ( a small t[n or village may n *]i% ! envy ( ! man 9 ! p>able 9 8 he>t1 & yet feel a c]ta9 depression1 a s5se t ! small ?+s he is /riv+--p]haps ) all 8 might--to accompli% am\nt to v little1 z he li/5s to plans = ! con/ruction ( a build+ :i* w commodi\sly & conv5i5tly h\se two millions ( books2 z he pond]s ov] a pr9t$ s*eme :i* w intellig5tly ord] ^u ! %elves a hundr$ ?\s& volumes1 & is yet s flexible1 s ela/ic1 t ?is numb] may be indef9itely increas$ ) no confusion1 no necessity = re>rangem5t2 z he sees a me?od ( *>g+ :i* has be5 sl[ly evolv$ to meet ! ev]-v>y+1 ev]-increas+ ne$s ( a circulation ^: daily issues are c\nt$ by ?\s&s4 ,possibly ?is feel+ has some?+ to d ) ! small repres5tation 9 ?is ,association ( ! hundr$s ( less] libr>ies :i* are scatt]$ ?r\gh ! l&4 ,:e!r x has1 or n1 ! fact ( ?is meagre repres5tation rema9s1 & rema9s to be regrett$4 ,t su* a /ate ( ?+s is to be deprecat$ by ! society goes )\t say+4 ,e new memb]1 9 "o way or ano!r1 br+s an add$ p[] & influ5ce1 :i* is by no means always to be measur$ by ! size ( ! libr>y :i* he repres5ts1 or ! active "p he be>s 9 ! delib]ations4 ,he may ev5 be utt]ly sil5t1 & yet an actual =ce2 = no speak] fails to feel ! inspiration :i* radiates f an att5tive & en?usia/ic li/5]4 ,9 ord9>y society ! accompli%m5t ( be+ a good li/5] is "o ( ! mo/ endur+ ( *>ms4 ,x does n lose its p[] among libr>ians4 ,! prosp]ity ( a pap] z truly z a je/'s lies 9 ! e> ( him t he>s x1 nev] 9 ! tongue ( him t makes x4 ,to ask ^! unatta*$ libr>ians1 if p]haps an e*o may rea* !m1 to consid] :e!r _! isolation f _! pr(ession is n only a deprivation to !mselves :i* !y c illy af=d1 b a ret>d+ ( ! progress ( ! true libr>y _s z well1 & to sugge/ a ?\ght :i* may possibly prove a /imulus to c\nt]act ! disc\ragem5t & depression be=e spok5 (1 is all t ,i h ev5 hop$ to accompli% 9 ! few words :i* h1 some:at too ambiti\sly1 be5 call$ a pap] on ,! usefulness ( libr>ies 9 small t[ns4 ,9 reg>d to ! int]e/ & pr(it ( ^! meet+s to ! less] libr>ies1 ,i h he>d x ass]t$1 & x is1 ,i ?9k1 true1 t ! pap]s & discussions 7 almo/ exclusively direct$ to ! consid]ation ( ! aims1 me?ods1 & ne$s ( great libr>ies4 ,if ! fact ne$s explanation1 or ju/ification1 an ample "o is f\nd 9 ! regi/] ( ! names ( ! compos+ memb]s1 ) _! positions4 ,t !re w\ld be a ready & cordial response to any g5]al call = ! discussion ( topics specially p]t95t to small libr>ies is n to be d\bt$4 ,ov] ! editorial columns ( "o ( our mo/-us$ p]iodicals runs ! leg5d1 ,e man is a debtor to 8 pr(ession4 ,x 0 a mo/ wise *oice ( mottoes by our fri5d1 ! editor & publi%]1 = 9 no pr(ession is x m true ?an 9 our own4 ,! con/ant mission>y "w :i* ,bo/on & ,*icago1 & inde$ e libr>y ( any repute 9 ! c\ntry1 has done & is do+1 is pro( en\gh t ! obligation is appreciat$4 ,if ! small] libr>ies want ! discussion ( simpl]1 less te*nical me?ods1 !y h1 probably1 b to ask4 ,x may be object$ t ! great obvi\sly includes ! small1 & t plans & me?ods :i* are good & suitable = ! =m] ne$ b to be reproduc$ 9 m9iature = ! latt]4 ,x is true1 t1 9 _m dep>tm5ts1 ! accid5t ( size makes little or no diff]5ce 9 libr>y economy2 b 9 ! adm9i/ration ( affairs1 9 ! ma*9]y ( runn+1 ! director ( a municipal libr>y has _m & accumulat+ c>es1 ( :i* 8 less burd5$ rural bro!r ne$ nev] feel ! weight4 ,pr(4 ,john ,fiske1 "s ye>s ago1 at ! "t :5 he 0 assi/ant libr>ian ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 v graphically describ$ a portion ( ! p]plex+ duties :i* fall to ! lot ( ev5 a univ]sity libr>ian1 /riv+ to correct ! errone\s b too preval5t notion t su* a position is a s9ecure4 ,he conf9$ himself to an enum]ation & description ( ! duties :i* are ess5tially pr(essional1 ! multiplicity ( details ( ! ord]+1 classify+1 & catalog+ ( books4 ,9 ?is direction !re is a diff]5ce only 9 am\nt betwe5 ! great] & ! less4 ,b1 9 addition to all t ,pr(4 ,fiske describ$1 a city libr>ian mu/ ne$s ov]see z well ! ?\s& & "o m9utiae :i* g to make up ! sum ( a day's "w 9 a circulat+ libr>y4 ,he mu/ provide = ! accurate id5tification & regi/ration ( 8 borr[]s1--no light task :5 !y numb] t5s ( ?\s&s ( ! float+ population ( a we/]n city1 :i* has m active duties = h] police ?an ! foll[+ up ( del9qu5t patrons ( ! public libr>y4 ,he mu/ see to x t ! ?\s&s ( books :i* fl[ ov] 8 c\nt]s are un]r+ly *>g$1 & t t>dy borr[]s are w>n$ ( _! remissness4 ,^! are b a few ( ! numb]less details1 _m ( :i* are trivial 9 ! extreme1 b :i* all g t[>d ! mak+ up ( su* a day's "w z none b he t feels x kn[s4 ,z a ma*9e increases 9 complications a con/antly great] p]c5tage ( p[] is consum$ 9 ov]com+ friction4 ,?is att5tion to ! r\t9e ( daily "w1 :i* =ms mu* ( ! sev]e/1 because lea/ satisfy+1 "w :i* a libr>ian does1 may be comp>$ to ! friction ( ma*9]y2 & j 9 ! proportion t ! p[] ( 8 m9d & ! /r5g? ( 8 body are tax$ 9 ?is direction1 by j s mu* are !y r$uc$ = o!r duties1 ! importance ( :i* is specially prom95t 9 ! m9ds n only ( ! pr(ession1 b ( ! public z well1--an actual k ( ! books :i* ! libr>y buys1 & ! ex]tion ( an active p]sonal influ5ce 9 rais+ ! /&>d ( lit]ature :i* is drawn f ! libr>y4 ,x is precisely 9 ?is l9e ( p]sonal influ5ce t !re seem to me to be special enc\ragem5ts to ! libr>ians ( small t[ns1 t "h1 not)/&+ _! limit$ res\rces1 !y h peculi> opportunities = atta9+ an almo/ ideal /&>d ( excell5ce 9 ! quality ( _! "w4 ,x w\ld be unju/ to say t a city libr>ian actually works h>d] ?an 8 c\ntry bro!r4 ,! duties ( ! =m] are ma9ly ^? ( guid+1 ov]see+1 & correct+ ! "w ( o!rs4 ,! latt]1 ) 8 own h&s & bra91 does mo/ ( ! "w himself4 ,x is z if ! "o 7 ar*itect solely1 & ! o!r n only ar*itect1 b mason & c>p5t] z well4 ,"o ( ! sev]e/ trials ( ! lot ( a city libr>ian1 9 ! ,we/ at lea/1 is t he mu/ "w ?r\gh _m assi/ants :o are n only utt]ly lack+ 9 any real love or en?usiasm = _! "w1 b :o are _m times illy-educat$ z well4 ,! rem$y = ?is /ate ( affairs is n likely to be f\nd until our bo>ds ( tru/ees take = _! c>eful consid]ation ! reply ( a c]ta9 irate dome/ic to h] remon/rat+ mi/ress3 ,y c't expect a good cook & all ! ,*ri/ian virtues = two doll>s a week6 ,if ! necessities ( ! "w d n require ! employm5t ( m ?an "o1 two1 or1 at mo/1 ?ree assi/ants1 ! subtle electric curr5t ( ! libr>ian's own en?usiasm may suff] ! subdivision )\t be+ utt]ly dissipat$4 ,he c actually d mu* ( ! "w himself4 ,he comes into contact ) 8 cli5tage1 :i* is n s l>ge b t he may hope to become p]sonally acqua9t$ ) _m ( !m1 &1 le>n+ _! ta/es & ne$s1 easily become _! tru/$ fri5d & guide4 ,8 catalog1 too1 is 8 own "w1 & x is p]haps safe to say t no "o ev] prop]ly appreciates a catalog b its mak]4 ,c]ta9ly no "o else ev] h&les x ) equal ease & intellig5ce4 ,i am afraid ! catalog has nev] be5 made1 & nev] w be1 ov] :i* ! ignorant & indol5t w n be p]plex$ & deceiv$2 &1 aft] all is said1 x is to ! ignorant to :om ! gospel ( ! public libr>y is specially s5t4 ,if ! catalog] himself is con/antly at h& to expla9 intricacies1 to supplem5t defici5cies1 ) 8 own p]fect k ( 8 libr>y1 to answ] ev5 fooli% & /umbl+ que/ion]s pati5tly & intellig5tly1 he may make ! puzzl+ way ( f9d+ & gett+ a book s pla9 t ,! wayf>+ man1 ?\gh a fool1 ne$ n err !re94 ,t ?is p]sonal influ5ce1 :5 ex]t$1 be>s fruit1 & t "r soon1 has be5 prov$ aga9 & aga94 ,! foll[+ is f ! la/ report ( "o ( ! l>ge/ libr>ies 9 ! c\ntry3 ,! increas+ public int]e/ 9 ! m s*ol>ly books ( ! ,libr>y1 & ! l>ge accession ( visitors to ! ref]5ce tables1 are to be attribut$ p>tly to ! ,saturday-morn+ classes :i* h be5 conduct$ at ! ,libr>y = ! pa/ f\r mon?s4 ,if su* "w makes s imm$iate & appreciable an impression ^u a circulation :i* is numb]$ by hundr$s ( ?\s&s1 is !re n a hopeful outlook1 inde$1 = small work]s8 ,"o has said t ,a libr>y is1 aft] all1 v mu* :at its libr>ian makes x4 ,!re are too _m conflict+ individualities at "w 9 a municipal libr>y to make ?is1 to any consid]able ext5t1 true2 b 9 a small t[n or village ! p]sonal equation ( ! libr>ian may easily become ! expon5t ( ! p[] ( ! libr>y4 ,,address ,,at ,,! ,,d$ication ,,( ,,! ,,libr>y ,,( ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,p5nsylvania ,dr4 ,talcott ,williams1 ! orator ( ?is occasion1 ,feb4 #g1 #ahia1 0 at t "t a j\rnali/ 9 ,philadelphia4 ,he has always be5 a welcome writ] & speak] on lit]>y !mes4 ,talcott ,williams 0 born 9 ,abeih1 ,turkey1 ,july #bj1 #ahdi1 ! son ( an ,am]ican mission>y4 ,he graduat$ at ,amh]/ 9 #ahgc & 9 t ye> ent]$ j\rnalism1 becom+ lat] an editorial writ] on sev]al l>ge dailies until #aiab :5 he 0 made director ( ! ,s*ool ( ,j\rnalism ( ,columbia ,univ]sity1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,= ! fir/ & = ! la/ "t1 ! voices ( m5 are he>d 9 ?is place1 d$icat$ to ! m eloqu5t sil5ce ( books4 ,n[h]e is man m & m5 less ?an 9 ! libr>y4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( books individual le>n+ pales4 ,! s*ol> dies2 ! libr>y lives4 ,yet only 9 "p4 ,9 ?is booki% age1 we fondly impute immortality to books4 ,no?+ c\ld be m false4 ,few books h ! p[] ( an endless life4 ,aga9/ ^! books ( p[] /& a great multitude ( books ( use1 :i* p]i% ) ! us+4 ,! va/ mass ( books1 l ! ?\ghts 9 our daily lives1 s9k into ! backgr\nd ( ! recollection ( ! race & furni% ! soil f :i* fre% gr[?s spr+4 ,few !re are :o h writt5 books ( p[]4 ,n a score 9 all4 ,poets = ! mo/ "p4 ,high prie/s =ev] aft] ! ord] ( humanity1 ^: flam+ message burns f age to age 9 ! great tree ( human exi/5ce1 consum+ & unconsum$4 ,^! books ( p[] :i* live t humanity may n die1 & books ( use t die t o!rs may live1 divide lit]ature betwe5 !m4 ,!y con/itute ! w>p & wo( out ( :i* ! univ]sity weaves ! high] education4 ,9 its la/ analysis a lib]al tra9+ is ! ma/]y ( books ( use & a glad yield+ to ! ma/]y ( books ( p[]4 ,controv]sy ov] ! classics1 wrangl+ ov] ,greek1 va9 jangl+ ov] requir$ & elective c\rses--^! are details4 ,direct contact betwe5 ! gr[+ m9ds ( ea* g5]ation & ! great m9ds ( ! race--?is is ess5tial4 ,we smile at ! space giv5 ,confucius 9 ,*9ese education2 ! ,koran 9 ,mohamm$an s*ools2 b ?is is only a p]v]sion ( ! s\nd in/9ct :i* ev]y:]e puts ! "y to s*ool to ! tea*]s ( ! race4 ,unless y\r education does ?is1 x /&s :]e ! electric telegraph did be=e its wires 7 gr\nd$--its batt]ies & in/rum5ts1 its poles & wires useless until !y 7 9 direct contact ) ! elem5tal s\rce ( electric en]gy 9 ! e>? itself4 ,s-call$ & mis-call$ practical sy/ems ( education1 reals*ul51 :i* omit ^! et]nal realities ( ! race1 f9d :5 !y h /uff$ _! pupils ) ! facts ( ! day t !y are /ill insulat$ f ! ?9k]s ( all "t4 ,=tunately = u & = our education1 ^! books ( p[] exi/ 9 m ?an "o language & are accessible ?r\gh m ?an "o *annel ( le>n+4 ,?anks to ! mat*less translation ( ! ,bible1 "o incomp>able gr\p ( books ( p[] is taught 9 e ,sunday-s*ool1 ?\gh ,i d\bt if ?is w be held suffici5t reason = neglect+ _! /udy 9 e univ]sity4 ,greek holds ano!r gr\p4 ,b x is ! pitiful p$ant's plea to urge _! /udy because ,greek is difficult4 ,x is n because ,greek is ,greek1 b because ,hom] is ,hom] t ,*apman spake out l\d & bold ( ! solit>y text-book :i* has held its own = #bejj ye>s1 & l9ks1 z may x =ev] l9k1 ?is univ]sity ) ! s*ool ( ,a!ns4 ,yet /ill y\r ,hom]1 liv+1 la/+1 reign+1 ,& proves h[ tru? builds 9 poets feign+4 ,x is because ^! books ( p[] hold ! tru? t makes m5 free1 work+ ?\ghts t p]i% nev]1 t !y live :5 ! tongues 9 :i* !y speak are dead4 ,books ( p[] :i* transmit ! spiritual life ( ! race keep ! self-same _s ?r\gh all ! transmigrations ( spee*4 ,! scriptures ( ! race1 no less ?an ! scriptures ( religion1 enjoy a p5teco/al gift ( tongues1 & are he>d by e man 9 8 own language4 ,:]e su* books are few 9 numb]1 :i* a %elf or two w hold1 !re is a lib]al education1 & no elective c\rse :i* p]mits _! exclusion (f]s intellectual salvation4 ,"s su* books e race has f\nd 9 its own lit]ature z x rea*$ ! full /ature ( univ]sal humanity1 z our own ,engli%-speak+ race1 well-nigh )9 ?is g5]ation1 has discov]$ 9 add+ ,%akespe>e to our g5]al s*ool+4 ,by ! production ( su* books ( p[] nations are ju/ly measur$4 ,?is is ! wisdom :i* keepe? a city f de/ruction4 ,! %ip ( /ate1 h[ev] weight$ ) worldly weal?1 moves a trackless keel ?r\gh ! wat]s ( hi/ory unless "s poet w+s its c\rse ) ! pr\d1 full sail ( 8 great v]se4 ,we h all he>d to-day f "o ^: lifelong devotion has rais$ him to ! =emo/ rank ( s*ol>%ip4 ,weave a circle ar\nd him ?rice ,& close y\r eyes ) holy dread1 ,= he on honey-dew ha? f$ ,& drunk ! milk ( ,p>adise4 ,! /udy ( su* books is possible )\t any aid or app>atus :atev]2 s ne> is ! div9] ( lett]s to e "o ( u4 ,b ! fir/ (fice :i* ! libr>y dis*>ges 9 a univ]sity is 9 provid+ ! limitless & manifold int]pretation :i* ! ages h build$ ab\t ^! great books ( p[]4 ,bett] ?an all o!r books z are ! books ( p[] :5 read )\t /udy1 !y are inf9itely bett]$ by all /udy4 ,! lit]ature ( int]pretation is only second 9 value to ! lit]ature ( inspiration4 ,! /udy ev5 ( books ( p[] t5ds to become s*ola/ic1 n>r[1 prov9cial1 lett]wise1 & spiritually dead1 unless x is quick5$ & correct$ by ! fruits ( ! entire field ( critical sci5ce4 ,= lack ( ?is m ?an "o sacr$ book has met a fate :i* makes "o feel1 z well kill a book z give x a good "n4 ,ev5 9 ! tea*+ ( books ( p[]--:i* ( all tea*+ ne$s b a s\l & ! book to awake et]nity--! s*ol> is sav$ f himself by ! libr>y4 ,he le>ns t ) all ! inspir$ prophets ( ! race no scripture is ( private int]pretation1 t only "t unlocks ! weav+ ( ^! deep] oracles ( humanity1 because !y spake n ( !mselves1 b = ! _s ( man4 ,nor ne$ we fe> t !y w be smo!r$ by _! int]pretation4 ,! m\nta9s be> easily ! weight ( =e/s !y upre>1 & at ! la/ & highe/1 no tree asc5ds above ! sn[-l9e ( et]nal ?\ght4 ,b su* asc5ts are z little ! normal "w ( ! univ]sity z ( ! road-build]4 ,its c\rse lies *iefly along ! broad highways ( le>n+4 ,n books ( p[]1 b books ( use1 :i* sum fir/ g5]al1 & !n special & pr(essional k1 occupy ! great] portion ( its "t1 j z ! mo/ sa9tly ( mortals devotes m ( 8 days to e>n+ 8 liv+ ?an to sav+ 8 s\l4 ,if ! /udy ( books ( p[] is r5d]$ m valuable by a libr>y1 ! adequate tea*+ ( books ( use )\t "o is impossible4 ,e text-book is a compromise betwe5 :at is kn[n & :at c be taught4 ,two classes1 ,i "k1 ! publi%]s & ! public1 *]i% ! belief t !re are text-books :i* sum curr5t k on ?is subject & t2 b !re are none4 ,e text-book is out ( date ! day aft] x goes to ! pr9t]1 & ! day be=e x gave out1 n :at is kn[n1 b ! view ( :at is kn[n !n 9 vogue4 ,x measures ! advanc+ tides ( le>n+ by a gauge itself incessantly *ang+4 ,we love to speak ( au?orities & /&>ds4 ,we delude ourselves4 ,! :ole field ( lett]s & ( le>n+ is 9 a p]petual flux1 ^: only complete record is ! libr>y4 ,we "k t 9 sci5ce discov]y succe$s discov]y4 ,!re is no?+ c]ta9 ab\t a sci5tific book except t x w be wrong 9 five or t5 ye>s4 ,only n[ & !n does "s law-giv] 9 sci5ce1 "s ,newton or ,d>w91 desc5d ! m\nt ( discov]y1 be>+ et]nal & la/+ laws ( nature1 writ by ,nature's ,god4 ,b 9 lit]ature we dream ( p]man5t reputation4 ,"h1 too1 ,e c5tury gives ! la/ ! lie4 ,all ! less] prie/s ( lett]s /& at %r9es l t ( ,nemi & ! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 ,b5ea? ,aricia's trees1 ,:]e ! gha/ly prie/ doe? reign1 ,! prie/ :o slew ! slay] ,& %all himself be sla91 ,e new book ent]s ! ar5a ab\t to die4 ,! fri5dly v]dict b det]s fate2 x does n av]t x4 ,! less] criticism ( lett]s mu/ be done anew = e crop ( read]s1 & 9 fifte5 or tw5ty ye>s mo/ essays are left beh9d4 ,! procession ( novels passes almo/ z rapidly4 ,few are read = ?irty ye>s1 no ,engli% novels h held a popul> place = pa/ half a c5tury1 & a decade be=e ! c5t5>y ( ,wav]ly x beg9s to be :isp]$ t ,scott is no long] read by ! "y4 ,e g5]ation mu/ h its own translations ( ! classics1 or repr9ts ( ^? :i* h be5 =gott54 ,morals1 philosophy1 & religion mu/ be rewritt5 = x4 ,ev5 hi/ories1 :i* l+] a little long] on ! /age ?an all ! re/1 yield to inexorable *ange4 ,x is b>ely a c5tury s9ce ,gibbon laun*$ 8 mighty fleet1 freight$ ) ! fall ( empire4 ,x has long ridd5 ! seas1 b ,i ?9k we are all well aw>e t its ma/s are already l[ on ! horizon4 ,no "o au?or1 no "o "w1 c long] satisfy ! _w = ! /ory ( t5 c5turies ( ! race4 ,= mo/ ( u ^! *anges d n exi/4 ,unconsci\sly we g on d[n ! /ream ) ! favorites ( our y\? & =get t bo? are gr[+ old toge!r4 ,if lit]ature is to be taught z x is1 & n z x seems1 to take "o pregnant illu/ration1 true ( all /udies1 tea*] & taught mu/ h in/ant & vital access to t great body ( books to :i* 9 e subject a text-book is b a rude & make%ift guide4 ,! pres5t c only be und]/ood by ! pa/1 & bo? are ne$$ to prophesy ( ! future4 ,:5 ?is libr>y has be5 enl>g$ to ! utmo/ b\nds ( our anticipation1 x w /ill h its limits to ! speciali/s--jo9ts 9 its armor ( le>n+4 ,ev5 at ! ,briti% ,museum ,i 0 told & discov]$ t no man is long at "w )\t want+ "s book ) :i* x is unprovid$4 ,b if tea*+ requires ?is great array1 mu* m does ! wid] "w ( ! college pr(essor4 ,to look ^u him z set only to tea*1 to he> recitations1 is z n>r[ & b>r5 a view ( 8 "w z to ?9k ( ! f>m] z only occupi$ 9 fe$+ 8 calves4 ,if a univ]sity is 9 ! highe/ s5se to be a tea*+ body1 x mu/ cultivate k z well z pupils4 ,its pr(essors mu/ d m ?an h>ve/ ! le>n+ & tea* ! discov]ies ( o!r discov]]s4 ,!y mu/ produce & discov]4 ,! _s ( g5ius bl[e? :]e x li/e?1 b ^? books ( use :i* play _! "p 9 giv+ ea* g5]ation its critical /&>ds1 its hi/ories1 & ! results ( rese>* are born only 9 full libr>ies4 ,if a univ]sity is defici5t 9 !m1 ! lack is apt to be 9 t laboratory ( le>n+1 its libr>y4 ,unless a univ]sity is produc+ ^!1 x is tea*+ only its matriculates :5 x ought to be tea*+ ! public4 ,mu* may be done1 mu* accompli%$1 9 ! univ]sity )\t ! libr>y4 ,pr(essional s*ools may multiply & gr[1 = 9 ^! m5 ( pr(essional le>n+ supply ! lack ( books4 ,x is ev5 possible to c>ry on mu* rese>* & produce valuable results along any n>r[ ris+ l9e ( discov]y 9 "s sci5ce1 :i*1 l ! coral1 has b its gr[+ edge alive1 & = ! re/ is dead & "u wat]4 ,b if a univ]sity is to fill ! :ole r\nd & play "p 9 society1 x mu/ enjoy1 employ1 & ext5d ! organiz$ memory ( man z repres5t$ 9 a great libr>y4 ,z ! *ief value ( ?is lies1 n 9 any view ( its m]e bulk & size1 b 9 its relation to ! recollection ( ! race1 s ! "w ( ! univ]sity pivots on its ability to make vital ! /udy ( books ( p[]1 )\t :i* all le>n+ & lett]s & sci5ce are b a va9 %[4 ,bett]1 a ?\s& times bett]1 ! solit>y /udy :i* br+s m5 face to face ) ! _s ( man 9 ^! great movem5ts ?an any univ]sity /udy :i* dw>fs to r\t9e or degrades to m]e rote ^! great works4 ,= ! object ( all our /udy is n k1 b wisdom1 & we move to dw9dl+ ends if we se>* out all ! secrets ( matt] & =get ! secrets ( ! _s4 ,! great r\nd ( /udies :i* make up ! univ]sity1 its libr>ies & laboratories1 ! accumulation ( ! pa/ & ! discov]y ( ! future1 ^! are ea* & all b ! scaffold+ by :i* ! race rises to ^? conceptions ( ! ,div9e & ! spiritual utt]$ & summ$ 9 its books ( p[]4 ,li/5+ to _! tea*+ we may ev5 le>n t ! asc5t ( man is m important ?an 8 desc5t1 8 future ( m consequ5ce ?an 8 orig9--t x is 8 bir?1 & n 8 dea?1 :i* is a sleep & a =gett+4 ,b books ( use & books ( p[]--! indiscrim9ate eulogy ( books & read+ has ceas$ to be possible ev5 at ! op5+ ( a build+ d$icat$ to bo?4 ,_! criticism has begun4 ,books are no long] ! unique prop]ty ( ! s*ol>4 ,we all buy books4 ,mo/ ( u read !m4 ,_m ( y write !m4 ,! use ( books is ! "o side ( le>n+ on :i* we all claim an op9ion4 ,yet own$1 read1 writt51 or :olly laid aside 9 a busy life1 ! use ( books1 :i* ea* ( u kn[s1 is individual & p]sonal4 ,/&+ to-day 9 ! home ( a collection :i*1 we tru/1 is to be "o ( ! l>g] libr>ies ( le>n+1 l&m>k1 & ligh?\se at once1 record+ ! pa/ & light+ ! pa?less future1 ?is individual & p]sonal use is inevitable be=e u1 cramp+ & limit+ our conception ( ! relations1 ! aims1 & ! ends ( a great libr>y4 ,its v beg9n+s ab\t u raise a d\bt z to ! wisdom ( ^! endless accumulations ( pr9t4 ,! p]il ( ! m]e aggregate 01 p]haps1 nev] pla9] ?an 9 ^! days1 :5 ! great glaci] ( democracy slides on1 mak+ high places l[ & l[ high--"o w\ld be glad to believe1 prep>+ ! pa?way ( a new lord%ip ( le>n+1 b "o is fa9 to fe> mak+ easy ! track & broad ! road = an evil ov]-lord%ip ( m$iocrity 9 le>n+ & 9 lit]ature4 ,our own democracy we are assur$1 has ceas$ to read any?+ b fiction1 & dem&s ?is1 n book-meal1 b piece-meal1 9 mon?ly1 weekly1 or ev5 daily doses4 ,! va/ book-/ack ( ! mod]n libr>y1 9 :i* volumes lose _! individuality z completely z urns 9 a columb>ium1 & l !m b too (t5 hold naught b dead & =gott5 du/1 is f> remov$ f ! /ill air ( delightful /udies :i* we associate ) our own lov$ libr>ies4 ,i seldom g !re1 says ,em]son ( ! ,univ]sity ,libr>y he us$1 )\t r5ew+ my conviction t ! be/ ( x all is already )9 ! f\r walls ( my /udy at home4 ,! able/ ( ,am]ican editors rec5tly urg$ 9 ! mo/ brilliant ( ,am]ican newspap]s t ! ,libr>y ( ,congress %\ld be r$uc$ to a s\nd work+ collection ( #ej1jjj volumes1 & ! re/ ( its treasures dissipat$ or /or$4 ,i h myself he>d ! sugge/ion 9 reg>d to ?is libr>y1 & f "o ( academic connection1 t its future usefulness w\ld be increas$ if its future bulk 7 re/rict$4 ,:e!r we li/5 to ! philosoph]1 ! editor1 or ! univ]sity tru/ee2 :atev] fann$ & w9n[$ op9ions we apply to ! great ?re%+ floor on ^: r\nd ! feet ( ! ages sl[ly tread out ! :eat f ! *aff 9 ! g>n]$ h>ve/ ( human ?\ght1 ! remnant w be small--measur$ by high ?\ght or n>r[ utility4 ,! m]e mass ( our libr>ies already ov]taxes our utmo/ ability to classify1 to catalogue1 & to adm9i/]4 ,z we wat* _! bulk gr[1 on :atev] side ( ! great alt> ( le>n+ we wor%ip1 our fe>s increase t ^! heap$ (f]+s w /ifle ! sacr$ fire4 ,?is weighty weapon ( lett]s =g$ by g5]ations1 ?is mighty armor & panoply ( le>n+ on ^: myriad rivets s _m hamm]s h rung1 has outgr[n ! individual1 & we beg9 to d\bt its ultimate value to society4 ,?us m5 ev] err 9 _! e>ly ?\ght on ! new duties & fre% responsibilities creat$ = m5 by associate man4 ,9 ! field ( organiz$ life ! :ole is always great] ?an ! sum ( its p>ts4 ,! body is m ?an an aggregate ( cells4 ,! s\l wis] ?an all its faculties4 ,a nation m puissant ?an any c5sus ( its citiz5s4 ,man m ?an m54 ,! secret ( ?is supremacy ov] ! /]ile syn!sis ( s5se1 ! root & g]m ma/]y ov] ! m]e me*anics ( life1 & ! bald & b>r5 ari?metic ( exi/5ce1 lies 9 ! capacity to "k ! pres5t & to rememb] ! pa/--9 consci\sness1 out ( :i* consci5ce gr[s1 & 9 memory1 ,mnemosyne1 "m ( all ! ,muses & p>5t ( all le>n+4 ,rightly 9 all hi/ory d we measure ! value ( e human society to ,humanity by its p[] to awake to its own exi/5ce & be aw>e ( its own pa/4 ,?is is ! --my/]y 9 ! s\l ( /ate ,:i* ha? an op]ation m div9e ,?an brea? or p5 c give expression to-- ,?is exalts ! microscopic municipalities ( ,greece4 ,?is abases ! dumb millions ( ,asia4 ,our own articulate millions1 defici5t 9 mu*1 h done mo/ = ! _w1 n by mat]ial developm5t1 b by demon/rat+ t #fb1jjj1jjj spread ov] a cont95t c enjoy a consci\sness z con/ant1 cont9u\s1 & complete z ! h&ful ( citiz5s 9 ! m>ket-place ( a ,greek city1 less 9 population t ! w>d 9 :i* we /&1 small] 9 area ?an ! op5 spaces ab\t ?is ,univ]sity4 ,?is g5]al capacity to ?9k z "o & rememb] z a :ole diff]5ces mod]n societies f all ! pa/1 save t ( ,greece4 ,?is has br\ght ! awak5+ ( nations 9 ?is c5tury1 a mighti] resurrection ) p[] ?an ! awak5+ ( m5 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,) ! future awak5+ ( man ! "w w be complete4 ,until x is1 national consci\sness & national memory1 creat+ consci\s national life1 are ! det]m9+ conditions ( human progress4 ,! problem :i* ,greece solv$ by mak+ its communities small1 ! mod]n _w triumphantly meets by mak+ !m l>ge & live4 ,x secures ?is ?r\gh ! newspap]1 ! pr9t ( ! pres5t1 :i* sets at "o 9 consci\sness va/ masses ( m5 :i* are set ap>t 9 space4 ,= g5]ations sep>at$ 9 "t1 ! libr>y1 ! pr9t ( ! pa/1 pres]ves = society ! sacr$ oracles ( memory4 ,misund]/ood1 misappreciat$1 plac$ 9 opposition1 treat$ z antagoni/s1 ! editor assur+ u t ! newspap] has sup]s$$ ! pr9t$ book1 ! libr>ian hesitat+ to cumb] 8 %elves ) ! fugitive issues ( ! newspap]1 ^! tw9 & vital organs 9 society /ill supplem5t & correlate ea* o!r4 ,! newspap] is ! libr>y ( ! mom5t1 ! libr>y is ! newspap] ( all "t4 ,we op5 a newspap] to le>n :at we are z a nation4 ,we ent] a libr>y to le>n :at we 74 ,! revelations ( nei!r are altoge!r satisfactory4 ,we object to ! libr>y because x does n tell en\gh ( ! pa/4 ,too (t5 we object to ! newspap] because x tells too mu* ( ! pres5t4 ,! faults & %ortcom+s ( ! pa/1 h[ev] pla9ly told1 r\se no unpleasant s5se ( responsibility4 ,9 our own individual exp]i5ce we h ea* ( u _h our private & p]sonal qu>rel ) consci\sness & memory = sett+ 9 too cle> a light ! s9s & duties1 ! lacks & dem&s ( ! pa/ & pass+ day4 ,! revelation is no pleasant] :5 consci\sness1 memory & responsibility are social & national4 ,yet x is only by accept+ bo? a complete social consci\sness & a complete social memory t a society c be creat$ ^: ultimate end is ! highe/ developm5t ( ea* ( its individuals1 ^: s]vice is ! highe/ duty ( all its memb]s4 ,lavi% m>g9 ( error 9 ! newspap] too (t5 leads u by "s sla9 tru? to ask ) ! soldi] at ,philippi3 ,mess5g] ( error-- ,:y do/ ?\ %[ to ! apt ?\ghts ( m5 ,! ?+s !y are n8-- ,b l ,cassius1 ! tru? is self-sla9 & dies among its fri5ds4 ,x /ill rema9s true t ! newspap] is (t5] *all5g$ = tell+ :at is unpleasant ?an = record+ :at is untrue1 & ! ref9$ & cultur$ s\l1 :i* objects to ! newspap] because x reeks ) ! ill news ( society = ^: ills no man c avoid 8 j %>e ( responsibility1 b imitate ! ,ph>aoh1 :o slew ! mess5g]s ( evil & sunk 9 wilful ignorance to an ignoble grave4 ,! nation :i* lives by ! newspap] w lose t\* ) ! pa/4 ,! nation :i* lives 9 ! libr>y w want k ( ! pres5t4 ,we "k all too mu* z ,am]icans ( ! p]il ( ?9k+ by ! newspap]s4 ,g]man ?\ght has run 9 ! seclusive *annel ( ! academic libr>y to ! lack & loss ( civic consci\sness4 ,g]many 0 ! la/ ( mod]n /ates to act z a p4 ,we 7 ! fir/1 ! balance & connection betwe5 ! newspap] & ! libr>y1 news & lib]al lett]s1 ! report] & ! pr(essor1 cuts up by ! roots ! frequ5t conception ( ! libr>y z a place occult1 )held1 untrod2 %ut ap>t f practical ends1 ! grant ( society to ! s*ol>--useful to lett]s1 useless to life4 ,?is idol ( ! m>ket-place falls to pieces confront$ by ! facts ( social /ructure4 ,z well might ! bra9 be held sil5t1 ! voice ( memory dumb1 ! light ( consci\sness 9 d>kness by ! side ( ! brute me*anical =ces ( ! body2 sil5ce1 seclusion1 sep>ation f ! active life ( society1 ^! may be = ! ex*ange & ! m>ket-place1 ! railroad & ! factory1 va/1 dumb me*anic processes :i* p]i% 9 produc+1 b n = ! libr>y--n "h1 n "h4 ,^! walls r+ ) w>4 ,!y s\nd ) ! conflicts ( ! race4 ,"h1 r ?an 9 any ars5al is he>d --! inf9ite fi]ce *orus1 ,! cries ( agony1 ! endless groan1 ,:i*1 ?r\gh ! ages t h gone be=e u1 ,9 long rev]b]ations rea* our own4 ,?us mu* = ! libr>y 9 organiz$ society4 ,long s9ce h we kn[n ( books z ! c\nsellors & com=t]s ( m54 ,to u all !y h be5 tea*]s1 to ea* ( u companions4 ,t great majority1 great] 9 wisdom no less ?an 9 numb]1 9 :i* by ! iron decrees ( fate s _m are call$ & s few are *os5 to la/+ immortality1 holds all ( :om liv+ ! _w 0 n wor?y1 b ( :om dead x sl[ly seeks to be4 ,"h & "h alone 9 all %apes & =ms1 we build ! sepul*res ( ! prophets :om our fa!rs crucifi$ & "h d\btless our *ildr5 w build ! sepul*res ( ^? :o 9 our day are despis$ & afflict$ ( m5 = ! tru?'s sake4 ,9 joy & 9 grief1 9 life & 9 dea? "s book supports1 su/a9s1 & soo!s ea* ( u1 & 9 ?is libr>y ! v light has be5 tra9$ to tea* u at e w9d[ & door t we might ent] x to pass )9 ! pres5ce ( ! mighty dead1 to enjoy ! companion%ip ( t great company no man c numb] ( wise m5 made p]fect by "t4 ,b to ! see+ eye & ! he>+ e>1 awake & att5tive to all t a libr>y is1 n = m5 b = man1 n = individuals b = ! race1 a great] ?an ,solomon is "h1 & a mighti] %ape fills ^! halls & looks d[n f ^! %elves ?an all ! troop$ & illu/ri\s dead4 ,^! books1 %elf on %elf1 ^! volumes1 :i* fit subject by subject into ! /ori$ ar* ( human k1 re/+ "o side on metaphysics & ! o!r on hi/ory1 ! sci5ce ( m9d & ! sci5ce ( man1 seem exi/5t human memory4 ,! complete libr>y w\ld r\nd & fill ! record ( ! race4 ,at be/1 we h b a begg>ly fragm5t4 ,if a s+le copy ( ea* ( ! #ac1jjj1jjj volumes :i* dropp$ f ! press 9 #dej ye>s 7 by "s glad miracle multiply+ k ga!r$ 9 "o place1 human memory w\ld be unbrok5 = ?is %ort span ( its long /ay on ! globe4 ,( #ac1jjj1jjj b #a1jjj1jjj re/ 9 ! l>ge/ libr>y on e>? 9 ,bloomsbury ,squ>e1 & n a half are ga!r$ 9 all kn[n libr>ies4 ,b su* z x is1 l>ge or small complete or incomplete1 a great libr>y to its capacity gives1 z ?is has begun to d1 ! only measure we h ( ! recollection ( ! race4 ,"h we /& face to face n ) m5 or nations1 race or p1 b ) man4 ,bl9dly our humanity /ill /ruggles to %ape its ?\ght1 dumb1 in>ticulate1 unconsci\s1 travell+ 9 d>kness & labor+ 9 pa91 c5tury by c5tury1 & g5]ation by g5]ation1 9 ! sl[ pilgrimage t[>d ! consci\s & consecration be=e x4 ,! ?und] ( its p[] :o %all "k8 ,:o %all s\nd its dep?s or scale its heights8 ,:o %all "k x 9 all its compass & s\nd1 measure ! conf9es !re( or prophesy its f> f9al com+8 ,^! are all hid 9 ! inscrutable decrees ( ,god f ! sight ( m51 b "h1 "h & 9 places l ?is !re rises be=e u l an exhalation ( ! pa/ 9 ^! volumes1 9 ?is libr>y1 ! maje/ic & visible memory ( man4 ,rightly "h1 z 9 t l>g] treasure h\se 9 ,london1 h we ga!r$ museum & libr>y "u ! same ro(4 ,^! %apeless fragm5ts work$ by ! e>ly cunn+ ( savage man1 ^! inscrib$ m>bles & sculptur$ slabs1 ^! tablets & relics ( ano!r & a di/ant life1 ^! all1 ea* 9 its place1 play _! "p 9 ! record$ memory ( ! race4 ,out ( e fragm5t f e book %9es ?is ,anci5t ( ,days1 :o be=e ,abraham 0 & aft] u %all be4 ,:o & :at are we1 creatures ( a day1 toil]s ( an h\r1 to be measur+ by our exp]i5ce ! metes & b\nds 9 ! manife/ations ( 8 mighty memory4 ,r let our labor be giv5 to r5d] complete & to transmit unbrok5 our %>e 9 ?is great h]itage by pres]v+ ! univ]sal pr9t$ record ( ! life ab\t u4 ,! libr>ian fall+ f> %ort ( ! honor & amplitude ( 8 (fice1 /&+ betwe5 ! liv+ pa/ & ! sl[ly dy+ life ( ! pres5t1 n[ & !n apologizes = sav+ e empty volume1 because none b presci5t omnisci5ce c tell :i* ( #aj1jjj titles w be dem&$ by "s solit>y read] a c5tury h5ce4 ,h[ petty ! plea1 h[ n>r[ ! argum5t1 h[ inf9itesimal ! claims ( ?is di/ant read] :o aft] all may nev] appe>6 ,b h[ simple1 h[ suffici5t1 h[ adequate becomes ! reason = ! pres]vation ( e volume :5 we rememb] t x1 too1 is a "p ( ?is va/ image ( human memory seat$ by ! sl[ riv] ( "t1 m vocal ?an t ( ,memnon1 old] & y\ng]1 & ) e fre% sunbur/ ( g5ius break+ into fre% song6 ,9 high reason has our own ,hi/orical ,society ga!r$ e volume :i* fell 9 ?is ,/ate & city f ! press ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,only ?us c ! span ( human memory be set =? )\t a s+le =getful flaw4 ,if ! l ef=t is made "h to fill a l responsibility = ! pass+ mom5t to ! future1 x is possible t ! ,hi/orical ,society ( ano!r c5tury w n f9d x necess>y to pay #gjj = an almanac :i* might once h be5 _h = a p5ny1 & yet h[ griev\s ! gap 9 ! cont9u\s & social memory ( ?is our city if ! solit>y copy left ( ,brad=d's ,almanac1 ! fir/ product ( our press1 _h n f\nd a secure re/+-place4 ,a great libr>y1 !re=e1 does n m]ely transmit ! memory ( ! pa/2 x is daily provid+ memory = ! future1 safe pres]v$ aga9/ ! wreckful siege ( batt]+ days4 ,= ! individual no worse hap c fall ?an loss ( memory4 ,all o!r p[]s may rema94 ,?is lo/1 all are wor?less4 ,/ripp$ ( memory1 ! s\l has no future & no pa/1 naught save an infructuose n[4 ,nor less1 ! race4 ,! de/ruction ( ! ,alex&rian ,libr>y1 :e!r ) ,abulf>aj we attribute x to ! intellig5t ,moslem1 or ) ,gibbon to ! ignorant monk1 0 n ! loss ( s _m books & p>*m5ts4 ,x 0 ! p>alysis ( a great lobe ( human memory1 fatal lesion _h fall5 on ! localiz$ organ ( recollection 9 ! bra9 ( humanity4 ,if we _h ! #bjj plays ( ,aes*ylus1 ! #afj ( ,sophocles1 ! la/ books ( ,livy1 ! miss+ annals ( ,tacitus1 :i* ?is libr>y held1 ! /ature ( ^! writ]s w\ld n be increas$4 ,l ! great] peaks ( e *a9 !y already rise z !y rec$e4 ,x is only ! foot-hill t ne$s bulk4 ,^!1 & lo/ books l !m1 w\ld fill = u ! full measures ( classic memory4 ,z libr>y aft] libr>y p]i%$ & book aft] book %>$ ! fate ( ^? fa!r$ by ,ptolemy1 ! wreck & loss ( human memory w5t on4 ,! ages t we call d>k lack$ n 9 m5 ( action4 ,^? ages ( fai? _h _! m5 ( ?\ght mat*+ any be=e or aft]4 ,!y laid = u ! f\ndations ( a civil lib]ty m inde/ructible ?an t ( ,rome4 ,! pi]s ( t great ar* ( law along :i* our rights daily travel 9 safety 7 built by !m4 ,_! ar*itecture & _! sculpture equals any4 ,_! k ( ! e>?1 z a :ole1 0 immeasureably 9 advance ( classic conception4 ,!y furni%$ 9 ,dante "o ( ! two or ?ree poets = all "t1 & 9 ! ,roman ,*ur* !y gave ! race a creation & conception ( ^: future x w\ld be a ra% man :o v5tur$ to say t x 0 de/9$ to be less ?an its pa/1 imp]ial z its hi/ory has be54 ,^! ages 7 d>k1 n f lack ( light & ( lead+1 b f lack ( memory4 ,! ages _h lo/ t\* ( ! elb[ 9 _! m>* ?r\gh ! d>k defile ( "t4 ,! ,r5aissance 0 less ! revival ( human k ?an ! recov]y ( human memory4 ,age 0 jo9$ aga9 to age 9 ! unbrok5 sequ5ce ( cont9u\s recollection1 & ,greece laid h] h&s to transmit an ,apo/olic succession ( memory on ! b[$ & /udi\s head ( ! mod]n _w4 ,to play its "p 9 transmitt+ & pres]v+ human memory ?is libr>y is tonight op5$ & d$icat$4 ,our ,libr>y ,committee1 & y1 sir1 its head1 :o h %[n u t :ole libr>ies ( comm5t may be cond5s$ into a volume by y\r magic alembic1 provid+ = criticism a new in/rum5t ( precision ak9 to ! measurem5ts & ! analysis ( ! exact sci5ce--y1 sir1 9 ! lov+ c>e y h giv5 ?is build+1 h n be5 provid+ a retreat = s*ol>s2 y h built & fa%ion$ "h ano!r refuge & /ronghold1 =tifi$ ,aga9/ conf\nd+ ,age's cruel knife ,t he %all nev] cut f memory4 ,! ar*itect ( ?is build+ has n wr\ght 9 m]e brick & /one2 he has add$ to ^? %r9es & c5tres ( human memory to :i* its treasures gravitate = _! security & conv5i5ce4 ,?is univ]sity1 9 receiv+ ?is build+ f its ,f9ance ,committee1 :i* has rais$ its co/1 & ^: head fir/ sugge/$ its erection1 is plac$ 9 a position :]e x c dis*>ge n only ! fir/ duty ( a univ]sity1 to :i* x has always be5 true1 ( ?9k+ = ! community1 b ! second1 :i* is l unto x1 ( rememb]+ = society4 ,,collection ,,( ,,in=mation ,"o ( ! functions ( ! mod]n libr>y is t ( a huge cyclop$ia1 kept cont9ually up to date by ! acquisition ( new mat]ial--books1 p]iodicals1 pr9ts1 pamphlets1 clipp+s1 publicity matt] & manuscripts4 ,x is ! cyclop$ia on c>ds long advocat$ by ,dr4 ,dewey1 except t ! c>ds are 9 its catalogue & d n conta9 ! in=mation directly b s]ve only z keys to x4 ,9 ?is k9d ( s]vice ! libr>y is = ! mom5t gett+ away f books & ne>] to ! work]1 :e!r at home1 9 s*ool or laboratory1 or 9 comm]ce & indu/ry4 ,,libr>ies ,,z ,,bureaus ,,( ,,in=mation ,e>ly mat]ial on ?is anci5t function ( libr>ies1 s widely ext5d$ & develop$ ( late1 is h>d to f9d4 ,only two pap]s are giv5 "h4 ,! fir/1 by ,samuel ,s4 ,gre51 is "p ( an address deliv]$ at ! d$ication ( ! ,ha/on ,free ,public ,libr>y ,build+ 9 ,nor? ,brookfield1 ,mass41 pr9t$ 9 ,! ,libr>y ,j\rnal = ,july1 #ahif4 ,a sket* ( ,mr4 ,gre5 appe>s 9 ,vol4 ,i4 ( ?is s]ies4 ,! ideal libr>y is "o :i* invites ev]ybody :o has a "q to ask1 :i* books conta9 answ]s to1 to come to ! libr>y & put 8 "q1 ) ! assurance t he w be k9dly receiv$1 8 "q sympa!tically consid]$1 & e ef=t made to f9d ! answ] desir$4 ,i _c bett] illu/rate :at ,i mean by say+ t libr>ies %\ld be bureaus ( in=mation ?an by giv+ in/ances ( inquiries rec5tly made 9 ! libr>y "u my *>ge & expla9+ h[ ^? inquiries 7 met4 ,i w select que/ions :i* 7 answ]$ by s5d+ out ( t[n = books1 & ?us illu/rate 9 addition ! fact t libr>ies adm9i/]$ on advanc$ pr9ciples help "o ano!r4 ,a man came to me n long s9ce & ask$ by :at means he c\ld dissolve a c]ta9 gum :i* he m5tion$4 ,i _h ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,disp5satory br\ght4 ,! man did n f9d ! answ] wi%$ = 9 t "w1 b did f9d a ref]5ce to a volume ( ! ,ph>maceutical ,j\rnal4 ,we did n h a set ( t p]iodical2 s ,i said t ,i w\ld s5d away to borr[ ! desir$ volume4 ,i s5t to ! libr>ian ( ! m$ical libr>y 9 ,boyl/on place1 ,bo/on1 = x4 ,he s5t x to me imm$iately by express4 ,t volume conta9$ "s ( ! in=mation desir$ by ! inquir]1 b n all t he want$4 ,!re 0 ano!r volume ( ! same p]iodical :i* he ?\ght w\ld conta9 ! facts :i* he 0 9 se>* (4 ,i s5t = t1 promis+ to return bo? volumes at once4 ,! second volume 0 imm$iately receiv$4 ,t conta9$ j :at 0 want$4 ,by do+ "w l ?is a libr>ian may d mu* to add to ! prosp]ity ( ! indu/ries ( a t[n4 ,ano!r man came to me to inquire :e!r we _h a catalog ( a c]ta9 s\!rn society :i* purport$ to d hospital "w4 ,i f\nd t we _h no catalog ( ! society nam$4 ,x appe>$ t ! applicant = in=mation _h be5 ask$ to contract to d #djjj wor? ( "w = a society ( ! "n m5tion$ & wi%$ to le>n some?+ ab\t its /&+4 ,i told him t if ,i 7 9 8 place ,i %\ld write to a g5tleman 9 ,wa%+ton1 ^: "n ,i gave him1 :o kn[s all ab\t m$ical in/itutions & hospitals ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 to ask him ab\t ! society2 ,i (f]$ to write1 myself1 z ! applicant felt timid ab\t writ+4 ,i did write & soon _h ! answ] t ! correspond5t w\ld advise ! ,worce/] man to be v cauti\s ab\t ent]+ into a contract1 = he knew no?+ ab\t ! exi/5ce ( su* a society4 ,i hope t ,i help$ to save a ,worce/] bus9ess man f loss on ?is occasion4 ,aga91 a boy :o came into ,worce/] to s*ool call$ at ! libr>y to ask me :at ,i c\ld tell 8 bro!r ab\t a s*ool = in/ruction 9 tann+ lea!r 9 ,freib]g1 ,saxony4 ,did x receive ,am]icans8 :at 0 ! co/ ( att5d+ its sessions8 :at 0 its curriculum8 etc41 7 que/ions ask$4 ,i _h no pamphlet to give ! requir$ in=mation1 b sugge/$ t ! ,commission] ( ,education at ,wa%+ton be writt5 to1 to f9d out :at in=mation c\ld be f\nd 9 ! libr>y ( 8 (fice4 ,i f\nd t x w\ld be necess>y = me to write ! lett]2 s ,i wrote x4 ,soon ! answ] came giv+ ! in=mation desir$ & /at+ ! address ( ! s*ool4 ,! answ] 0 pass$ ov] to ! applicant1 ) ! sugge/ion t if fur!r in=mation 7 desir$ he %\ld write to ! (fic]s ( ! s*ool4 ,i rememb] do+ mu* to />t 9 h] /udies a resid5t ( ,worce/] :o has s9ce become a di/+ui%$ ,russian s*ol>1 by help+ h] to get a ,russian-,g]man diction>y f abroad & by borr[+ ,russian books = h] to read f ,h>v>d ,college ,libr>y4 ,?ree /ud5ts ( ! ,*9ese language h receiv$ assi/ance at my libr>y1 "o a mission>y at home on leave1 ! o!r two /ud5ts "u ! late ,*9ese pr(essor ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 f diction>ies & o!r books borr[$ = _! use4 ,i h _h occasion to hunt up books 9 ! language ( ! ,exquimaux = ! use ( an inve/igator 9 ,worce/]4 ,i c\ld n f9d ! books 9 ! libr>ies ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity or ,columbia ,college1 & tri$ ! libr>ies ( o!r c5tres ( le>n+ )\t success1 :5 ,i rememb]$ t ,dr4 ,j4 ,hammond ,trumbull1 ! well-kn[n ,indian s*ol> & hi/orical /ud5t1 _h br\ght toge!r a f9e collection ( philological works 9 ! ,watk9son ,libr>y at ,h>t=d1 ,connecticut4 ,! libr>ian ( t libr>y wrote me aft] a few days1 say+ t he _h ! books & w\ld s5d !m at once4 ,he apologiz$ = n despat*+ !m be=e1 say+ t ! libr>y did n all[ books to be tak5 out4 ,he _h wait$ to consult ! presid5t4 ,! presid5t _h said t !y mu/ set aside ! rule if ,mr4 ,gre5 & ! libr>y 9 ,worce/] want$ ! books1 = x 0 evid5t t !y 7 ne$$ = "s important purpose4 ,we got ! books & !y 7 us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( a le>n$ pap]4 ,n[1 = clos+ illu/rations1 let me %[ y h[ libr>ies at great di/ances help "o ano!r4 ,i w *oose ! relations ( ! libr>y 9 ,worce/] to ! ,public ,libr>y ( ,d5v]1 ,colorado4 ,mr4 ,dana1 ! libr>ian ( t libr>y1 s5t to me to borr[ "o ( ! publications ( ! ,br[n+ ,society ( ,london4 ,x 0 s5t to him by regi/]$ mail & return$1 safely1 9 ! same way4 ,next he want$1 = "s /ud5t ( m9+1 an extract f "o ( ! volumes ( ! ,comptes ,r5dus ( ! ,fr5* ,academy4 ,! extract 0 copi$ f ! volume & s5t to him4 ,!re has s9ce occurr$ ! foll[+ transaction4 ,a g5tleman 9 ,*icago _h writt5 to ,mr4 ,dana1 9 ,d5v]1 to ask him :e!r he knew ( a translation ( ! report ( a gov]nm5t railroad commission 9 ,holl& :i* _h rec5tly be5 engag$ 9 consid]+ :at k9ds ( pa9t are be/ to use 9 pres]v+ iron1 & :e!r he c\ld tell him :]e to f9d ! results ( c]ta9 exp]im5ts :i* _h be5 made 9 "o ( ! bureaus ( ! ,u4,s4 ,navy ,dep>tm5t4 ,mr4 ,dana pass$ along ! "q to me1 kn[+ t ,i _h (t5 to answ] que/ions ( t k9d4 ,9 ord] to f9d an answ] to ! fir/ "q1 ,i at once set a "y man at "w look+ at ! indexes ( ! late volumes ( ! ,railroad & ,eng9e]+ ,j\rnal1 & soon an important article 0 une>!d giv+ ! results ( ! inve/igations ( ! ,dut* commission4 ,?is piece ( in=mation 0 s5t to ,d5v]4 ,i !n wrote to ,mr4 ,h5ry ,c4 ,baird1 ! ,philadelphia publi%]1 to see if he knew ( ! publication ( a translation ( ! report4 ,he wrote back t he did n "k ( ! publication ( su* a translation1 b t !re 0 a long article on pa9ts useful 9 ! pres]vation ( iron 9 "o ( ! mo/ rec5tly issu$ volumes ( ,spons's ,receipts4 ,he promis$1 h[ev]1 to make fur!r inquiries4 ,s he w5t to ! rooms ( ! ,philadelphia ,academy ( ,sci5ces & inquir$ !re :at g5tleman 9 ! city 0 mo/ likely to h ! in=mation s\ght =4 ,he 0 ref]r$ to "s "o connect$ ) ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,co41 :o told him t he 0 n aw>e t ! report _h be5 translat$1 b ref]r$ ! inquir] to an elaborate article ext5d+ ?r\gh sev]al numb]s ( ! well-kn[n p]iodical1 ,iron4 ,mr4 ,baird transmitt$ ! in=mation he _h got to me & ,i s5t x & o!r pieces ( in=mation ga9$ s9ce my la/ lett] to ! libr>y ( ,d5v]4 ,! in=mation s5t to ,d5v] 0 s5t to ,*icago4 ,s by ! aid ( two f> sep>at$ libr>ians a p]son 9 ,*icago1 an int]m$iate city1 di/ant f ! homes ( bo?1 receiv$ in=mation :i* he desir$ ?r\gh ,d5v]1 ,worce/]1 & ,philadelphia4 ,= an answ] to 8 second "q1 ?is inquir] f ,*icago 0 ref]r$ to ! ,navy ,dep>tm5t at ,wa%+ton4 ,a cl]gyman 9 ,colorado ,spr+s1 & ?is is a f9al illu/ration1 appli$ to ! libr>ian ( ! same public ,libr>y 9 ,d5v] = an old book by ,goldw9 ,smi?4 ,he ref]r$ him to me4 ,i knew him1 hav+ met him on my way to ,cali=nia4 ,to my surprise ,i f\nd we did n own ! book4 ,s ,i wrote to ,mr4 ,w9sor1 ! ,libr>ian ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 & told him t ! applicant c\ld be tru/$ & w\ld make good use ( ! in=mation af=d$ him1 & t he ne$$ ! book 9 prep>+ a c\rse ( lectures :i* he 0 to give at once at ,colorado ,college 9 ,colorado ,spr+s4 ,!n ,i ask$ ,mr4 ,w9sor if he felt at lib]ty to l5d ! book4 ,! next ?+ ,i he>d 9 reg>d to ! matt]1 a lett] came f ! g5tleman 9 ,colorado ,spr+s ?ank+ me = ! aid r5d]$1 & say+ t ,mr4 ,w9sor _h s5t ! book & t x _h rea*$ him j 9 "t to use 9 prep>+ a lecture4 ,! libr>y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates :i* 0 e>lie/ 9 ! field 9 do+ ! "w ( l5d+ to o!r libr>ies sy/ematically & on a l>ge scale1 9 s f> z ,i "k1 0 t ( ! ,surgeon-,g5]al's ,(fice 9 ,wa%+ton1 long adm9i/]$ s intellig5tly & ) s ke5 an eye = usefulness by ,dr4 ,john ,s4 ,bill+s4 ,n[1 h[ c libr>ies 9 t[ns ( ! size ( ,nor? ,brookfield become bureaus ( in=mation8 ,let !m approa* z ne>ly z !y c to ! ideal ( see+ to x t ev]ybody ne$+ in=mation gets x4 ,! fir/ ?+ to d is to let x be und]/ood t a libr>y desires to h inquir]s come to x = in=mation1 & t its libr>ian is ready to take "t to f9d out :e!r ! libr>y conta9s books :i* w give ! in=mation desir$4 ,if x does n h ! ne$$ books1 ! libr>ian tries to ?9k :]e !y c be _h4 ,does anybody 9 t[n own !m8 ,if n1 c !y be _h f a libr>y 9 a neighbor+ t[n8 ,if ^! res\rces are n adequate1 !n let ! libr>ian s5d to ! ne>e/ l>ge c5tre to borr[ books f ! libr>y !re to answ] ! que/ions ask$4 ,worce/] w\ld be ! natural c5tre = ,nor? ,brookfield to s5d to4 ,individuals %\ld n s5d to ,worce/]1 b ! libr>ian1 hav+ exhau/$ res\rces at h&1 %\ld s5d = ! books1 ! libr>y agree+1 ( c\rse1 to make good damage & loss & pay ! co/ ( c>riage4 ,an out-(-t[n libr>ian does n "k ! individual us]s ( a libr>y 9 a small] t[n1 b ! libr>ian 9 t t[n does "k 8 con/itu5cy & = :om x is safe to borr[ books4 ,libr>ies %\ld l5d to "o ano!r1 b ! "w ( l5d+ %\ld be sy/ematic4 ,z a memb] ( ! ,free ,public ,libr>y ,commission ( ,massa*usetts1 ,i wi% to say t ! commission likes to come into close contact ) ! libr>ies ( ! /ate1 & t ! small] libr>ies may f "t to "t f9d x helpful to put que/ions to its *airman at ! /ate h\se 9 ,bo/on1 9 p]son1 ?r\gh a repres5tative1 or by lett]1 ab\t libr>y adm9i/ration4 ,p are break+ away f _! lead]s to-day4 ,!re is an imm5se am\nt ( crude ?\ght & imp]fect in=mation 9 e community4 ,i v]ily believe t n lea/ among ! in/rum5talities by :i* ?\ght may be matur$ & k complet$ are public libr>ies :5 adm9i/]$ z bureaus ( in=mation by accompli%$ & e>ne/ libr>ians1 :o w act z sympa!tic fri5ds & advis]s to inquir]s & help !m to look at all sides ( que/ions & =m well-gr\nd$ judgm5ts4 ,,! ,,libr>y ,,fri5d ,n all ! in=mation requir$ ( ! ,public ,libr>y is ask$ by ^? engag$ 9 laboratory rese>* or by exp]ts 9 comm]ce & indu/ry4 ,mu* ( x is homely /uff1 greatly desir$ & m or less easy to f9d4 ,mu* ( x c be giv5 (fh& by ! capable ref]5ce assi/ant1 :o !reby becomes :at ! writ] ( ?is article calls a libr>y fri5d to h] neighborhood4 ,miss ,w9ifr$ ,l\ise ,taylor 0 born 9 ,freeport1 ,ill41 ,feb4 #bd1 #ahdf4 ,9 #ahgd %e organiz$ ! fir/ circulat+ libr>y 9 ,freeport & act$ z libr>ian = twelve ye>s4 ,x 0 ev5tually incorporat$ 9 ! ,freeport ,public ,libr>y4 ,9 #aijj-ja1 ,miss ,taylor 0 9 *>ge ( ! in=mation desk at ! ,pratt ,in/itute ,free ,libr>y1 ,brooklyn4 ,= _m ye>s %e gave mu* ( h] "t to "w 9 ! prisons1 & 9 #aiad %e publi%$ ,! ,man ,beh9d ! ,b>s1 describ+ "s ( ?is "w4 ,! libr>y fri5d is ! t]m t seems be/ to apply to t memb] ( ! mod]n libr>y's /aff ^: "w is a developm5t ( ! s]vice ord9>ily r5d]$ ?r\gh ! in=mation desk4 ,in=mation-desk s]vice z usually conceiv$1 x is n2 = ! libr>y fri5d deals ) ! t5d5cies1 ta/es1 & aspirations ( read]s z mu* z if n m ?an ) ! def9ite "q & answ] respect+ facts4 ,! (fice inde$ may be reg>d$ z f9d+ its fir/ expression 9 ! circulat+ libr>ies ma9ta9$ by subscription 9 _m ( ! small] cities tw5ty-five ye>s & m ago1 :5 ! free public libr>y ( to-day 0 comp>atively r>e4 ,9 ^? libr>ies e subscrib] knew ! libr>ian1 & ! libr>ian 0 p]sonally acqua9t$ ) e book on ! %elves4 ,to br+ ! books & read]s into cong5ial relation%ip 0 ! bus9ess & usually ! pleasure ( ! libr>ian4 ,! p]sonal elem5t 0 ! he>t f :i* ! circulation ( ! books radiat$--if ! presid+ p]sonality lack$ vitality & en?usiasm ! libr>y 0 a failure4 ,) ! era ( ! democratic free libr>ies1 ) _! m rapid gr[?1 ) _! doors op5 to m51 wom5 & *ildr5 ( all classes1 ! human elem5t1 ! p]sonal relation ( libr>ian to ! read] suff]$ a gradual eclipse1 until1 9 "s libr>ies m p]fectly develop$ on ! te*nical side1 ! p]sonal equation vani%$ altoge!r4 ,! libr>y became a great ma*9e1 into :i* a numb] 0 dropp$1 & out ( :i* a book 0 dropp$ l corn f ! hopp]4 ,we all "k h[ =midable ?is me*anism is to ^? unaccu/om$ to mod]n libr>y me?ods4 ,to ! un9itiat$ ! c>d catalog is an abom9ation1 an unsolv$ problem1 a delusion & a sn>e4 ,! boy :o is int]e/$ 9 a?letics1 fumbl+ ov] ! c>d catalog 9 ,micawb]-l fa%ion1 hits ^u ! title ,morn+ & ev5+ ex]cises2 he /raight away h&s 9 ! numb] ?9k+ he has f\nd a prize4 ,x is disc\rag+ & depress+ :5 ! ma*9e %oots out to him a volume ( devotional compilations4 ,he has tri$ 8 luck & x has fail$1 & z he 0 rem9d$ only la/ week t a book _c be ex*ang$ ! same day on :i* x is drawn out he retires ) ,morn+ & ev5+ ex]cises1 a sadd]1 b n a wis] boy4 ,x is 9 accord1 !re=e1 ) ! process ( libr>y evolution t a clos] p]sonal relation betwe5 read] & libr>ian %\ld be develop$ ?r\gh "s su* m$ium z is "h outl9$ "u ! designation ! libr>y fri5d4 ,"o ( ! libr>y problems j n[ is ?is3 giv5 on ! "o side #ajj1jjj books & on ! o!r #ej1jjj p4 ,h[ is ea* individual to be br\ght into contact ) ! p>ticul> book t he wants8 ,:]e op5 %elves are practicable a great advantage--to ! discrim9at+ read]1 an ine/imable advantage1 is ga9$2 b ! majority ( libr>ians h n room to ?r[ any dep>tm5t op5 to ! public2 & ev5 among op5 %elves ! p]son ^: judgm5t ( books is :olly untra9$ (t5 misses :at he is look+ =4 ,! assi/ance giv5 by ! ref]5ce room is invaluable4 ,!re no "o goes away unsatisfi$2 b ! ref]5ce room rea*es only ^? 9 pursuit ( a def9ite subject4 ,beyond its range is ! drift+1 aimless read]1 ! se>*] aft] some?+ he kn[s n :at4 ,! dull1 ! diffid5t1 ! beg9n]s 9 ! use ( libr>ies1 ^? :o read purely = amusem5t & ^? :o want ! new books--new spell$ ) a capital n & book ) a small b--old p]sons1 ^? ^: eyesight is defective & ^: glasses /rike ! c>d catalog at ! wrong angle1 =eign]s :o use ,engli% ) difficulty & diffid5ce--all ^! ga!r toge!r 9 ! deliv]y room at once1 & effici5t z ! assi/ant may be--& sometimes !y effect miracles--x is impossible = !m to give ! diff]5t individuals ! help ea* "o ne$s4 ,9 ! libr>ies :]e ! human elem5t is mo/ )drawn ! case ( ^! p is h>d4 ,to br+ ! p]sonal relation aga9 into ! libr>y & to develop x ) ! gr[? ( ! ne$s ( ! public1 ) ?is end 9 view1 a numb] ( libr>ies h introduc$ ! in=mation desk4 ,by common cons5t1 p]haps 9 ! et]nal fitness ( ?+s1 ?is position s f> seems to h be5 relegat$ to woman4 ,%e is a read+ lady1 & f> gone 9 ! pleasures ( fri5d%ip4 ,s wrote ,sir ,rog] ,de ,cov]ley ( ! object ( 8 affections1 & no "o c\ld m felicit\sly describe two ( ! qualifications = ! "o presid+ at ! in=mation desk4 ,a read+ lady %e mu/ be2 & x is no less important t %e be f> gone 9 fri5d%ip = ! public4 ,to /udy _! ne$s2 to be receptive z wax to _! impress1 & responsive ) he>t & s\l z well z ) m9d4 ,?is all ar\nd sympa!tic p[] is ! fundam5tal requisite ( true s]vice 9 ?is position4 ,%e may be a p]son ( _m words or ( few2 a good li/5] %e mu/ be4 ,success dep5ds less ^u temp]am5t or gifts ?an ^u an attitude ( inw>d receptivity & outgo+ fri5dl9ess--! attitude t radiates a home-l atmosph]e & ins5sibly sets ! /rang] at ease4 ,em]son qua9tly describ$ c]ta9 faces z decorat$ ) invitation4 ,?is /yle ( decoration w be p]man5tly 9 fa%ion 9 ?is position if ! invitation f ! he>t is a magnet /rong en\gh to draw )9 its circle ^? :o are 9 ne$ ( help4 ,x is mo/ necess>y1 also1 t a c]ta9 poise be pres]v$4 ,to be ready b n ov] anxi\s to assi/2 to be responsive b n intrusive2 to be sugge/ive b nev] insi/5t2 to recomm5d books )\t =c+ "o's own lit]>y ta/es or /&>ds ^u o!rs2 :ile help+ new com]s1 to seek to make !m indep5d5t 9 _! use ( ! libr>y in/ead ( lead+ !m to rely on "s "o else to d ! "w & use all ! judgem5t = !m1 all ?is requires a nice adju/m5t ( balances4 ,& x is well to h on h& ! tact :i* is ! art ( less5+ social friction1 & ! s5se ( humor s invaluable z a lubricator 9 human relations4 ,:5 any "o comes to ! in=mation desk ) a grievance1 irritat$1 if n angry1 to be met ) simple good nature1 & n to be tak5 too s]i\sly1 & yet to f9d in/ant read9ess to adju/ ! cause ( annoyance if possible1 soon dissipates ! feel+ ( antagonism or injury4 ,su* enc\nt]s ought n to tax "o's pati5ce4 ,!y sometimes turn out to be r int]e/+4 ,nor ne$ /upidity tax "o's pati5ce4 ,:at m pa!tic ?an ! isolation ( "o :o is sl[ to p]ceive & to grasp8 ,x is a t]rible h&icap4 ,to rescue ! dull f _! dullness %\ld be ! fir/ impulse1 & %all[ is ! sympa?y t does n rea* out to su* in/9ctively4 ,x is n en\gh to be able also to unlock ! res\rces ( ! individual4 ,p come to libr>ies f all sorts ( homes4 ,to ! man or woman liv+ 9 ! mid/ ( ugly & sordid surr\nd+s1 :]e ! days are cr[d$ ) drudg]y1 ! weekly visit to ! libr>y becomes a social ev5t2 x is a lift into a fre% atmosph]e1 into ano!r plane ( life4 ,a pass+ greet+ f ! in=mation desk gives a s5se ( welcome & ( relation%ip to ! read+ public4 ,five or t5 m9utes ( cordial contact1 a brief conv]sation ) "o unrelat$ to _! _w ( worries1 is a refre%+ exp]i5ce4 ,to be recogniz$ z a ?9k+1 read+ be+1 ) op9ions ab\t books1 in/ead ( a human ma*9e = cook+1 scrubb+ & sew+1 or money-gett+1 puts new life into "o4 ,b ?is social side ( ! "w ( ! in=mation desk mu/ re/ on ! solid f\ndation ( practical qualifications4 ,"o mu/ possess ! k ( a wide range ( books1 ! p[] ( conc5tration on ! "o p]son or ! "o subject 9 h&1 & ! m5tal al]tness t p]ceives :5 ano!r p]son is wait+4 ,! m p]fect ! und]/&+ ( ! sy/em ( classification ( ! books & ( all ! te*nical side ( libr>y "w1 ! m effective w be ! s]vice at ! in=mation desk4 ,!re ! res\rces ( ! libr>y %\ld be at comm&1 & %\ld be rea*$ rapidly & accurately4 ,:5 any imag9able or unimag9able "q may be ask$ at any mom5t1 f ,may ,i use y\r p5cil8 up ?r\gh ! :ole range ( hi/ory1 art1 lit]ature1 politics1 sci5ce or religion1 "o mu/ "k ! gr\nd ?or\ghly 9 ord] to meet ^! dem&s4 ,topics requir+ special rese>* are pass$ on to ! ref]5ce room1 b ! inquir] %\ld be put on ! "r track :5 he wants b a s+le book f ! deliv]y room4 ,! new-com] mu/ be in/ruct$ 9 intellig5t use ( ! catalogs & help$ t[>ds self-reliance f ! />t4 ,! "y p mu/ be assi/$ 9 mak+ out _! fir/ li/s1 & ^! li/s %\ld repres5t a v>iety ( au?ors1 9 ord] t ! au?or :o pleases c be foll[$ up indep5d5tly ?r\gh ! c>d catalogs4 ,a well select$ fir/ li/ = boys or girls %\ld place at _! comm& a range ( #ej1 #fj1 or #ajj books4 ,x is surpris+ h[ few writ]s are kn[n to ! av]age boy or girl :o comes to ! public libr>y = fiction4 ,! field ( ! boy is (t5 b\nd$ by ,alg]1 ,ellis1 ,optic1 & ,h5ty1 :ile ! girls may "k only ,sophie ,may & ,miss ,olcott4 ,beyond are unkn[n seas4 ,"o ( ! e>ly developm5ts at ! in=mation desk w be c>efully-select$ li/s ( books = boys & girls4 ,!y gr[ "u "o's h& z ! "y p 9 turn recomm5d additions4 ,?is s5se ( co-op]ation w9s ! confid5ce ( ^? :o are quick to suspect & w>d (f any lurk+ desire = _! improvem5t on ! "p ( ! libr>y4 ,not)/&+ t ! />t+ po9t mu/ always be ! ta/e & incl9ation ( ! read]1 x is a simple matt] to keep ! pressure 9 ! "r direction4 ,c>efully-select$ fiction li/s = old] read]s also meet a want4 ,su* li/s d n include ! works ( ! /&>d1 volum9\s writ]s kn[n to e "o4 ,into !m are ga!r$ "s ( ! old favorites ( a g5]ation ago1 or lat] novels :i* may h happ5$ to miss fame & yet possess an abid+ *>m & ! indisp5sable elem5t ( int]e/4 ,!re are hundr$s ( su* books1 p]5nially delightful1 novels j n[ subm]g$ "u ! cont9ually ris+ tide ( new fiction4 ,x is a piece ( pure good =tune = ! read] :o turns 9 despair f ! pursuit ( ,david ,h>um1 ,eb5 ,hold51 or ,janice ,m]$i?1 to f9d a fre% range ( unhe>d-( novels ( equal or m ?an equal int]e/4 ,?is enl>gem5t ( _! circle ( cong5ial au?ors is welcom$ ) e grateful appreciation4 ,a li/ ( good %ort /ories is ano!r res\rce1 & "o ( *e]ful books = invalids2 /ories t are nei!r morbid nor tragic4 ,"y work+ m5 :o c come to ! libr>y only at ev5+ are glad ( assi/ance 9 select+ books relat$ to _! "w & !y are quick to respond to any evid5ce ( sympa!tic int]e/ 9 _! pursuit4 ,"y girls employ$ dur+ ! day :o wi% to make up = ! lack ( opportunities 9 s*ool are eag] & grateful = advice 9 outl9+ c\rses ( read+ & /udy2 ^? /udy+ music are glad ( guidance into ! m int]e/+ pa?ways ( musical lit]ature1 or x may be ! amateur 9 "s bran* ( art :o reveals a *]i%$ ambition 9 ! hope ( obta9+ help 9 ?is direction1 & delightfully fri5dly relations spr+ into be+ :ile ^! v>i\s li/s are "u way4 ,(t5 ! *ance enc\nt]1 ! m]e pass+ rem>k1 br+s ! happy inspiration z to j ! "r books1 z :5 "o cat*es a glimpse ( a deep en?usiasm = nature surviv+ 9 ! brea/ ( a man ?r\gh fifty ye>s sp5t betwe5 city walls4 ,to introduce him to ,ri*>d ,jeffries1 mo/ int5se1 ne>e/ to nature's _s1 & lea/ kn[n ( nature's lov]s1 is to enri* ! rema9+ ye>s ( ?is man's life4 ,all :o g to ! libr>y g z seek]s4 ,"s are seek+ m]ely ent]ta9m5t1 o!rs are se>*+ = k1 b _m are /ruggl+ ) ! deep problems t beset u all1 p]haps 9 moral or spiritual d>kness1 & look+ only = light4 ,if "o's he>t is ) ! p1 no?+ s quick5s p]ception z sympa?y4 ,"o notes ! tr5d ( ! read+ ( ! individual1 & (t5 :at he is seek+ is intuitively div9$4 ,p]haps ! simple rem>k1 ,if y c tell me j :at y want ,i may be able to f9d x = y1 results 9 a frank /atem5t ( ! difficulty1 or an outbur/ ( sudd5 confid5ce is giv5 f ! impulse t makes x (t5 easi] to confide 9 a /rang] ?an 9 a relative4 ,& x c\nts = a good deal j !n if ! "o at ! in=mation desk kn[s :at writ] has felt & ?\ght mo/ deeply & has writt5 mo/ cle>ly & helpfully on t subject4 ,few are ! ne$s ( ! human he>t or m9d t are really beyond ! rea* ( help f books--books 9 :i* we f9d ! reflection ( our e mood1 ! expression 9 our inmo/ aspiration1 ! cons]vation ( ! feel+1 ! exp]i5ce & ! wisdom ( ! race4 ,,control ,,& ,,guidance ,,( ,,read+ ,bord] regions are ^? ( greate/ int]e/1 = !y are regions ( contact & !re=e places :]e ?+s happ54 ,?is is a bord] region betwe5 ! field ( ! libr>ian & t ( ! tea*]4 ,its activities are ! sole ju/ification = ! "n libr>y tea*] be/[$ ^u assi/ants 9 _m ( ! homeli] city di/ricts4 ,"h ! libr>ian mu/ tread w>ily4 ,he c n pu% or pull2 he mu/ effect :at he desires by mak+ x attractive to ! read]4 ,9 ! five foll[+ pap]s ?is function is some:at elaborat$--a v mod]n phase ( libr>y "w & "o mo/ ne>ly conc]n$ ) its socialization4 ,,probable ,,intellectual ,,& ,,moral ,,outcome ,,( ,,! ,,rapid ,,increase ,,( ,,public ,,libr>ies ,a pap] by ,rev4 ,dr4 ,pi]ce1 !n editor ( ,zion's ,h]ald1 a ,me?odi/ publication1 read at ! ,lake ,george ,conf]5ce ( ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association 9 #ahhe4 ,notably free f ! caution & hesitancy !n (t5 appe>+ 9 ! public utt]ances ( ! cl]gy reg>d+ popul> libr>ies1 & full ( belief t _! p[] ( guidance w\ld make !m p[]ful elem5ts ( culture4 ,brad=d ,k9ney ,pi]ce 0 born 9 ,royalton1 ,vt41 ,febru>y #c1 #ahai1 & graduat$ at ,wesleyan ,univ]sity 9 #ahda4 ,ent]+ ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal m9i/ry1 he 0 also occupi$ = _m ye>s z tea*] & editor1 be+ ag5t ( ! ,sunday ,s*ool ,union 9 #ahde-ef1 edit+ ,zion's ,h]ald 9 #ahgb-hh & !n s]v+ z libr>ian ( ! ,free ,libr>y at ,newton1 ,mass41 9 addition to 8 o!r duties1 until 8 dea?1 ,april #ai1 #ahhi4 ,he has be5 call$ ! ,ne/or ( ,new ,engl& ,me?odism4 ,! free public libr>y is n[ becom+ ! favorite po/hum\s b5efici>y ( our m5 ( weal?4 ,h]et(ore x has h>dly be5 e/eem$ respectable 9 ! vic9ity ( ,bo/on = a man ( =tune to die )\t leav+ a g5]\s beque/ to ,h>v>d ,college or to ! ,massa*usetts ,g5]al ,hospital4 ,! city & t[n libr>y is n[ beg9n+ to %>e lib]ally 9 ^! te/am5t>y b5efactions4 ,! college requires too consid]able a sum 9 our days to be (t5 adequately end[$ by ! e/ate ( "o patron1 b ! libr>y c be e/abli%$ & be q amply appo9t$ by ! accumulation ( "o public-spirit$ citiz51 & be made to become 8 mo/-honor$ & p]man5t memorial4 ,e t[n ( any size 9 our ,new ,engl& & ,nor!rn ,/ates ei!r has1 or w soon h1 "o ( ^! p's univ]sities1 ?r\gh ! individual gift ( a g5]\s citiz51 or by public e/abli%m5t4 ,?is g5]al ga!r+ ( l>ge bodies ( books 9 all our pr9cipal t[ns1 op5$ freely to all ages1 c b produce a manife/ influ5ce = good or evil 9 ! community4 ,! famili> & =cible response to ! objection made to ! e/abli%m5t ( s _m small colleges 9 ! l&1 r ?an secur+ _! consecration & abundant end[m5t & appo9tm5t 9 a few c5tres1 is t ! fre%-wat] in/itution1 s call$1 br+s ! opportunities = a lib]al culture ne> to ?\s&s :o c\ld n o!rwise be prompt$ to make ! incid5t sacrifices to secure an advanc$ education4 ,! imm$iate pres5ce itself ( ! in/itution is an inspiration to /udy4 ,s ! pres5ce ( ! num]\s libr>ies1 ) _! wide-op5 doors to all1 & _! attractive %elves1 becomes a p[]ful incitem5t to ^? :o o!rwise w\ld h>dly ?9k ( seek+ enjoym5t or pr(it 9 read+4 ,! /ati/ics ( ^! city & t[n libr>ies fully confirm ?is a-priori presumption z to _! influ5ce 9 awak5+ & cultivat+ an int]e/ 9 books among all classes4 ,& ?is influ5ce ( books ^u a read+ community is v p[]ful4 ,x is m subtle ?an human companion%ip4 ,! latt] /rongly affects & m\lds ! "*2 b books rea* u at l[] dep?s4 ,!y inspire u m pr(\ndly2 !y t\* our :ole be+1 intellect1 he>t1 & executive purpose2 !y imp]ceptibly create or modify our e?ical /&>ds2 !y become our models ( life & conduct2 !y lay hold ( our highe/ & mo/ sacr$ s5tim5ts & color our views ( ! life beyond4 ,x c b be1 :]e ! circulation ( ^! volumes rea*es ne>ly all our families & ent]s into ! ?\ghts & emotions ( e day ( ! ye>1 t manife/ results = ! bett] or ! worse w foll[4 ,_m ?\ghtful p]sons h be5 hone/ly anxi\s 9 ref]5ce to ! result ( ! exp]im5t4 ,! public press has s5t out its s]i\s =ebod+s f ! p5s ( ^? :o h tak5 depress+ views ( ! matt]1 & al>m+ tracts h be5 publi%$1 giv+ pa9ful criticisms ^u ! cont5ts ( c]ta9 libr>ies1 ! nature ( special volumes f\nd ^u _! %elves1 & ! am\nt ( circulation ( works ( fiction ( n ! mo/ elevat+1 or ev5 :olesome1 "*4 ,to all ?is we answ] t ^! criticisms1 :e!r well f\nd$ or n1 h n be5 )\t _! influ5ce 9 call+ att5tion to ! mo/ intellig5t ( our in/itutions4 ,_! (fic]s are cultur$ g5tlem5 & ladies1 cle>ly appreh5d+ ! relation ( ! libr>y to ! intellectual & moral developm5t ( ! community & its true (fice 9 adm9i/]+ to ! improvem5t1 z well z enjoym5t1 ( its patrons4 ,x is m & m becom+ an educat+ r ?an a simply ent]ta9+ in/itution4 ,x is e day becom+ m widely recogniz$ t x is n int5d$ to be a competitor ) ! circulat+ libr>y1 b r an antagoni/1 w9n+ ! patrons ( ! latt] to ! read+ & /udy ( a high] ord] ( lit]ature4 ,:ile ! majority ( libr>y manag]s d n take ! extreme view t has be5 /rongly advocat$ by "s q intellig5t libr>y tru/ees1 t ! public funds %\ld n be us$ = ! pur*ase ( fiction1 :i* may be consid]$ an intellectual luxury1 b only = improv+ & educat+ lit]ature1 !y d seek to c>efully sift ! light] issues ( ! press1 secur+ ! be/ & ! pure/ ( ?is "*4 ,!y also /udy at ! same "t1 ?r\gh _! accompli%$ (fic]s & assi/ants1 9 ! use ( ! local press1 ?r\gh ! coop]ation ( ! tea*]s ( ! s*ools & ! lead]s ( public op9ion1 ) ! aid ( p>5ts1 to awak5 especially 9 ! m9ds ( ! "y p a ta/e = regul> & sub/antial c\rses ( read+ 9 ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( sci5ce1 hi/ory1 & belles-lettres4 ,! success t has att5d$ ^! ef=ts is full ( enc\ragem5t4 ,our sup]9t5d5ts & libr>ians d n simply rema9 at _! desks1 or /& beh9d _! tables to respond to ! call = books1 b make !mselves felt 9 ! community1 aid+ 9 ! inve/igations ( /ud5ts1 assi/+ 9 ! se>* = au?orities1 facts1 & illu/rations1 sugge/+ plans = int]e/+ ! y\?ful read]s 9 sci5tific or lit]>y /udies1 & call+ att5tion to ! ri* accumulations ^u ! libr>y %elves4 ,! annual reports ( ^! in/itutions are con/antly %[+ improvem5t 9 ! "* ( ! read+ 9 _! sev]al communities1--a gradual decrease 9 ! light] works1 & an increase 9 ! call = books ( art & sci5ce1 ( travel & biography1 ( poetry & philosophy4 ,a significant fall+ (f 9 ! numb] ( books tak5 f ! libr>y1 9 _m places1 is notic$1 :ile ! patronage ( ! libr>y is manife/ly increas$4 ,! works t are n[ select$ are sub/antial1 requir+ ?\ght & "t 9 read+4 ,!y _c be hurri$ ov] 9 a day l ! light novel1 & h5ce ! decrease 9 ! numb] ( volumes read is a mo/ gratify+ evid5ce ( improvem5t 9 ! quality ( ! read+4 ,! free libr>y is becom+ ! effectual antagoni/1 also1 ( ! sup]ficial news & /ory pap]s4 ,_! "n is legion4 ,!y assault ! eye ) _! />+ illu/rations1 & tempt ! read] by _! *eapness4 ,especially at ! close ( ! week1 supplies ( ?is tra%1 ) p]iodical %eets ( a little high] ord]1 b /ill sup]ficial1 h be5 h]et(ore laid 9 = ! h\rs ( respite f labor on ! ,sabba?4 ,?is light1 disconnect$1 desultory read+1 c>ri$ on ?r\gh all ! unoccupi$ h\rs ( ! week1 :ile x secures a smatt]+ ( in=mation1 c b be ( a v vici\s intellectual t5d5cy1 n to speak ( its moral influ5ce4 ,! free libr>y & its read+-room (f] )\t exp5se ! p]usal ( ! be/ p]iodical lit]ature 9 ! l&1 & p]mit & tempt _! patrons to secure1 = ! unemploy$ h\rs ( ! approa*+ ,sabba?1 works ( deep int]e/ & ( an improv+ "*4 ,we are confid5t t ?is multiplication ( well-select$ & con/antly gr[+ collections ( /&>d & curr5t lit]ature is full ( promise ( good1 &1 z g5]ally manag$ among u1 is att5d$ ) small & easily correct$ evils4 ,x is inspir+ ! e/abli%m5t ( lit]>y & sci5tific clubs1 awak5+ ! ambition & inv5tive p[]s ( our me*anics1 enc\rag+ a lib]al & cultivat+ c\rse ( read+ among our s*ool /ud5ts1 & af=d+ an immeasurable am\nt ( pure & ref9+ enjoym5t ?r\gh\t ! community4 ,we look ^u x z "o ( ! significant & p[]ful elem5ts ( a high] & g5]al culture among ! p1 & prophetic ( f> great] & bett] fruits 9 ! future4 ,,possibilities ,,( ,,public ,,libr>ies ,,9 ,,manufactur+ ,,communities ,a love ( read+ z a keynote to broad] culture1 & h[ ! libr>ian may guide read+ by /imulat+ t love--a pap] by ,mrs4 ,s&]s ( ! ,pawtucket ,public ,libr>y 7long lov+ly kn[n among libr>ians z ,mawtucket ( ,pawtucket74 ,m9]va ,am&a ,s&]s 0 born 9 ,provid5ce1 ,r4,i41 ,feb4 #a1 #ahcg4 ,ab\t #ahgf %e became libr>ian ( ! subscription libr>y 9 ,pawtucket1 ,r4,i41 organiz$ 9 #aheb1 :i* prec$$ ! pres5t free libr>y2 & :5 ab\t six mon?s lat] x 0 turn$ ov] to ! t[n1 %e cont9u$ 9 *>ge1 s]v+ until h] dea?1 ,m>* #bj1 #aiab4 ,mrs4 ,s&]s did notable pione] "w 9 h] pr(ession1 especially 9 ! adoption ( free access to books & 9 "w ) *ildr54 ,?is pap] 0 read at ! ,?\s& ,isl&s ,conf]5ce ( ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association 9 #ahhg4 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el1 9 an address to ! work+ p ( ,w9dsor & ,eton ^u ! occasion ( op5+ a public libr>y = _! use 9 #ahci1 said3-- ,if ,i 7 to pray = a ta/e1 :i* %\ld /& me 9 /ead "u e v>iety ( circum/ances1 & be a s\rce ( happ9ess & *e]fulness to me ?r\gh life1 & z a %ield aga9/ its ills h[ev] ?+s might g amiss & ! _w fr[n ^u me1 x w\ld be a ta/e = read+4 ,give a man ?is ta/e & a means ( gratify+ x1 & y c h>dly fail ( mak+ a happy man1 unless1 inde$1 y put into 8 h&s a mo/ p]v]se selection ( books4 ,y place him 9 contact ) ! be/ society 9 e p]iod ( hi/ory2 ) ! wise/1 ! wittie/1 ) ! t5d]e/1 ! brave/1 & ! pure/ *>act]s :o h adorn$ humanity4 ,y make him a d5iz5 ( all nations1 a contempor>y ( all ages4 ,! _w has be5 creat$ = him4 ,x is h>dly possible b ! "* %\ld take a high] & bett] tone f ! con/ant habit ( associat+ 9 ?\ght ) a class ( ?9k]s1 to say ! lea/ ( x1 above ! av]age ( humanity4 ,x is morally impossible b t ! mann]s %\ld take a t+e ( good bre$+ & civilization f hav+ con/antly be=e "o's eyes ! way 9 :i* ! be/-br$ & ! be/-in=m$ m5 h talk$ & conduct$ !mselves 9 _! int]c\rse ) ea* o!r4 ,!re is a g5tle b p]fectly irresi/ible co]cion 9 a habit ( read+ well direct$1 ov] ! :ole t5or ( a man's "* & conduct1 :i* is n ! less effectual because x is really ! la/ ?+ he dreams (4 ,x _c1 9 %ort1 be bett] summ$ up ?an 9 ^! few words3 ,x civilizes ! conduct ( m51 & suff]s !m n to rema9 b>b>ians4 ,recogniz+ ?is love ( read+ z ! keynote to broad] culture & a high] /&>d ( morals1 "o by "o1 dur+ ! la/ half-c5tury1 libr>ies h be5 ?r[n op5 to ! public t 7 be=e only accessible to ! s*ol> 7& (t5 grudg+ly ev5 to him7 & new libr>ies e/abli%$1 till1 9 e community1 a free public libr>y is z mu* a necessity to-day z its *ur*es or its s*ools4 ,ev5 9 ! tr\bl\s days ( ! ,revolution our =efa!rs 7 awak+ to ?is dem&1 = 9 #aggf !re 7 #bi p>tially public libr>ies 9 ! colonies2 9 #ahjj !re 7 #di2 9 #ahgf ! numb] _h increas$ to ov] #c1jjj2 :ile to-day we numb] betwe5 #e1jjj & #f1jjj public libr>ies1 compris+ a total ( ov] #bj1jjj1jjj volumes4 ,! influ5ce ( a public libr>y is cont+5t ^u _m circum/ances--its community1 its f9ances1 & l>gely ^u its managem5t4 ,possibilities :i* may be develop$ 9 "o libr>y1 9 ano!r rema9 unnotic$2 :ile some?+ ( equal importance is made ( incalculable b5efit to its own community4 ,?us1 ?\gh work+ on a g5]al pr9ciple1 ea* libr>y indep5d5tly works out ! problem ( ! greate/ good to ! greate/ numb] ( its own patrons4 ,happily1 !re=e1 !re is no cause = ! rivalry & jeal\sies t di/urb ! h>mony ( s _m frat]nities4 ,x is my pleasure & privilege to live 9 a manufactur+ community2 to wat* ! developm5t ( practical ideas2 to foll[ ! progress ( me*anical improvem5t1 & witness ) pride _! results1 = ! di/9ctive feature ( ,pawtucket is ! v>iety ( its indu/ries4 ,we rememb] ) pride our p>5tage & ! honor due to x2 b surely :5 ,samuel ,slat]1 aft] a we>y "t ( toil & disc\ragem5t1 p]fect$ ! fir/ p[] ma*9]y = cotton sp9n+ 9 ?is c\ntry1 & ) a p>donable pride saw x 9 successful op]ation 9 ! fir/ bona fide cotton mill 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* /ill /&s 9 ! c5tre ( our city--7,i speak ) au?ority ?\gh ,i am fully aw>e t ?is is a case p>allel to ! ,sev5 ,grecian cities /riv+ = ,hom] dead47--,:51 z ,i said1 ?is 0 accompli%$ 9 #agia1 !re 0 no p[] ( ! imag9ation t c\ld h =ese5 ! *ange f ! little mill village on ! ,black/one ,riv]1 ) its few hundr$ inhabitants1 to ! pres5t city ( #be1jjj1 #ac1jjj ( :om are engag$ 9 indu/rial pursuits1 its #gj s*ools1 its #fjj manufactur+ e/abli%m5ts1 embrac+ ! greate/ v>iety ( indu/ries4 ,b ,pawtucket is only "o ( _m ?riv+ manufactur+ communities4 ,wal?am1 ,mass41 ! adoptive p>5t ( ! ,am]ican ,wat* ,co41 :i* _h 9 #ahfe a population ( b #g1jjj1 n[ numb]s ov] #af1jjj1 ) n less ?an #g1jjj employes1 #b1ejj ( :om alone are employ$ by ! ,am]ican ,wat* ,co4 ,l[ell1 ,mass41 accord+ to ! c5sus ( #ahhc1 _h a population ( #ff1jjj1 "o ?ird ( :om 7 employ$ 9 its #cjj manufactories4 ,man*e/]1 ,n4,h41 ) a population ( #dj1jjj1 employs #ae1jjj p]sons 9 its #ajb manufactories4 ,& s ,i might g on enum]at+ special /ati/ics1 b ^! are simply repres5tative communities4 ,x is suffici5t = my purpose to say t !re are 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ab\t #bed1jjj manufactur+ e/abli%m5ts1 employ+ ne>ly #c1jjj1jjj p]sons1 at an av]age wage ( #a4ae p] work+ day4 ,x is to ?is great class t we look = mu* ( ! prosp]ity ( our c\ntry2 = we f9d t ! value ( ! product ( ! manufactures ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! la/ t5 ye>s 0 #e1djj1jjj1jjj4 ,x is also an important factor 9 our gov]nm5t1 = ! pride & pr9ciple ( our c\ntry is ,vox populi1 vox ,dei4 ,9 ^! days :5 skill$ labor is at a premium1 :5 issues are con/antly aris+ requir+ ! be/ legislative ability1 & ! dem& = bo? is f> great] ?an ! supply1 h[ are we to meet x8 ,! reply comes f f> & ne>1 ,educate ! p4 ,yes1 educate ! p6 = !y are v ready to be educat$1 _m ( !m /riv+ ) a self-d5ial kn[n only to !mselves to give to _! *ildr5 ! education t 0 d5i$ !m2 our s*ools ( to-day are %[+ good "w f ! sons & daught]s ( ^! p>5ts1 & its influ5ce is bless+ _! homes4 ,b _m are d5i$ t privilege1 & _c af=d to sp>e _! *ildr5's wages = ev5 ! ?ree mon?s cov]+ ! compulsory law ( education4 ,at ! av]age wage a private libr>y ?\gh small is unatta9able2 a newspap] may be a luxury indulg$ 94 ,:]e1 !n1 is ! royal road to le>n+8 ,we d n hesitate to say ! free public libr>y is t long-s\ght highway4 ,!n op5 wide ! doors2 let u /ock our %elves ) ! be/ me*anical & sci5tific works2 see t ea* craft is especially repres5t$2 supply ! works on ! lead+ que/ions ( ! day1 also works p]ta9+ to ! civil gov]nm5t4 ,9 ?is we mu/ n be p>tisan2 ^! subjects mu/ be consid]$ 9 all _! be>+s1 & 9 ! broade/ mann]4 ,! biographies ( work+ m5 :o h atta9$ honor by _! practical wor? & p]s]v]ance ei!r 9 me*anical1 civil1 or milit>y s]vice mu/ h a prom95t place2 hi/ory & travel w receive _! %>e ( att5tion2 :ile we w n =get t ! work+ man & woman mu/ h "s amusem5t & recreation1 & t /rong meat is n always desirable2 our fiction dep>tm5t mu/ be suppli$ ) all t is bright1 fre%1 inspir+1 & helpful1 b no?+ t w create a crav+ = great] /imulant1 or t5d 9 ! lea/ degree to weak5 ! moral "*2 = ! (fice ( a public libr>y is to develop to its fulle/ capacity ! be/ p[]s ( a community4 ,! ext5t ( su* developm5t mu/ dep5d l>gely ^u ! mann] ( its use4 ,believ+ t ! fir/ entrance into a libr>y %\ld br+ ) x t mo/ delightful s5sation1 ! companion%ip ( books1 we h at our own libr>y1 contr>y to ! cu/om :i* n[ obta9s1 ?r[n op5 our %elves to ! public1 ) ! title & "n ( au?or pla9ly pr9t$ on ea* volume s t lit]ally he :o runs may read4 ,an old man said to me a few days s9ce3 ,i get little "t = read+ n[1 b ,i love to come 9 & look at ! books2 !y br+ to m9d _m a ?+ t ,i read long ago1 & ,i c>ry x ) me all ! day ?r\gh2 'tis an education j to be ) !m4 ,y say1 ,h[ c ?is be done )\t loss ( books8 ,t5 ye>s ( exp]i5ce has taught u t !re is a po9t ( honor 9 ^! work+ p 9 ?is reg>d1 ) :i* we mu/ come 9 contact to fully appreciate2 we h lo/ no m books ) our op5 sy/em ?an o!r libr>ies ) _! clos$ %elves4 ,und]/&+ fully ! value ( a catalogue1 especially a closely classifi$ "o1 to ! s*ol>2 to an un$ucat$ man x is a labyr9? ?r\gh :i* he gropes till 9 despair he ei!r lays x aside or appeals = help4 ,:at is a catalogue to a man :o asks = a book on birds1 & :5 we direct an att5dant to give him a c]ta9 "w on orni?ology1 quickly replies1 ',tis n t ,i want2 'tis a book on birds2 or ! girl :o wants an adequate book to furbi% up h] society mann]s4 ,n "o 9 t5 p]sons comes to a libr>y ) a def9ite object4 ,roam+ at w among ! books1 ! sight ( ,blaikie's ,h[ to get /rong has be5 ! fir/ /ep t[>d ! recov]y ( heal? o!rwise lo/2 ,john ,b4 ,g\gh's ,d>kness & daylight has br\ght 9 ! same way happ9ess to a wret*$ h\sehold2 :ile ,&rew ,c>negie's ,triumphant ,democracy has awak5$ 9 m ?an "o citiz5 an int]e/ & pride 9 8 native or adopt$ c\ntry h]et(ore unkn[n4 ,!re are ! cont5ts ( ! %elves to select f2 no fe> ( any "o leav+ ! libr>y )\t a book2 :]eas1 aft] pres5t+ f ! catalogue a li/ ( books to be return$ z n 91 he ei!r hasn't "t1 or w make no fur!r tr\ble1 & passes out unsatisfi$4 ,i h already said t a possibility 9 "o community may be impracticable 9 ano!r2 ) u ?is op5 sy/em has prov$ an unqualifi$ success4 ,a community ( ?is class is n aggressive2 on ! contr>y !y are 9 a libr>y r %y4 ,!y %\ld be met ) prompt s]vice1 & ! c\rtesy ( ! draw+-room4 ,make !m welcome z !y ent] ! libr>y2 x is _! own2 help !m to cultivate a p]sonal pride 9 x2 asc]ta9 _! ta/es1 7_m ( !m w surprise u71 & call _! att5tion to su* works z w gratify !m1 gradually lead+ !m to high] /&>ds :5 x is necess>y4 ,if !y are seek+ special subjects & ne$ our help1 let u exhau/ our ref]5ces4 ,to give to him t aske? & ! ,"l love? a *e]ful giv] %\ld be a libr>ian's wat*word4 ,:at does x matt] if half ( ! pleasures1 & all ( ! ills ( our patrons be p\r$ into our e>s8 ,x only br+s u ne>] to !m1 & %[s u h[ to be m helpful1 & wid5s ! influ5ce ( our "w4 ',tis a wise community t enables its tru/ees to give to _! libr>ian suffici5t cl]ical assi/ance to all[ him to m+le ) ! p1 to le>n _! habits & ta/es1 to direct _! read+ 7especially ( ! "y71 & to assi/ !m 9 _! rese>*es2 = we all "k t peculi>ly inh]5t weakness ( human nature1 to seek = in=mation f ! highe/ s\rce1 & to be bett] satisfi$1 ev5 ?\gh ! same help may be r5d]$ u by a subord9ate4 ,! read+-room 9 connection ) a public libr>y may be made an important ag5t 9 ! education ( a community1 especially ( its "y m5 & *ildr54 ,aft] a day ( h>d "w1 :at are ! homes to :i* _m ( ^! "y m5 return8 ,! accommodations ( a *eap bo>d+-h\se1 :i* means a room g5]ally occupi$ by two or m1 ) b>ely furniture = necessity to say no?+ ( com=t4 ,:at inducem5t has he to sp5d 8 ev5+s at home8 ,:]e1 !n1 w he g8 ,into ! /reet1 to drift into ! place (f]+ ! mo/ attraction = ! lea/ money2 alas6 too (t5 at ! bitt] co/ ( mis]y to himself & sorr[ = 8 fri5ds h]eaft]4 ,?is1 !n is our "w1 to make our read+-rooms s attractive t !y w be drawn hi!r4 ,h !m well light$1 well heat$ & v5tilat$1 suppli$ ) ! daily pap]s ( our own & o!r cities1 also ! curr5t magaz9es4 ,we _c af=d to be nigg>dly 9 ?is "w4 ,let u supply our tables ) illu/rat$ me*anical & art works1 also ! be/ lit]ature ( ! day4 ,! m fre$om t we c give1 ! bett] ! results4 ,! "y man w pass 9 & out at 8 pleasure1 sp5d+ an h\r or two ) :atev] pleases him be/1 till ! read+-room l>gely takes ! place ( home1 & read+ becomes a "p ( 8 daily exi/5ce1 ! b5efic5t effect ( :i* he w c>ry ?r\gh life4 ,!re are ly+ on our tables week aft] week by actual c\nt #fjj pap]s1 magaz9es1 & books1 f ,baby ,days to ,! ,ca!drals ( ! ,_w1 free to ! public4 ,?is has ceas$ to be an exp]im5t1 = dur+ ! t5 ye>s our losses h n am\nt$ to #aj2 & !re are days :5 ne>ly if n q #ejj p]sons sit at our tables4 ,! great] possibilities1 h[ev]1 are ) our *ildr51 ! future p>5ts & gu>dians ( our commonweal?4 ,:at are we do+ = !m z public libr>ies1 z educators8 ,work+ h& 9 h& ) ! s*ools fai?fully & well1 z %[n by ! valuable & int]e/+ reports publi%$ 9 ! ,libr>y j\rnal1 )\t :i* we w\ld "k z little ( ! libr>y "w outside our own z we w\ld "k ( ! outside _w )\t our newspap]4 ,long may x live6 ,does our responsibility re/ "h8 ,:at ( ! multitude ( waifs worse ?an homeless1 )\t re/ra9+ or guid+ influ5ce1 to be ?r[n into ! community to swell ! numb]s ( paup]s & crim9als1 _m ( :om1 yes1 ! majority ( :om1 h ! same g5tle in/9cts & lat5t ability z our own little ones s t5d]ly nurtur$4 ,we may say ?is is ! "w ( *>itable in/itutions & humane societies2 n s2 ?is is ess5tially our "w4 ,we call ourselves educators1 & h ! honor to be recogniz$ z su*2 ! "w ( a public libr>y is to tea*1 to elevate1 to ennoble1 !re is no limit to its possible influ5ce4 ,mu/ we wait1 !n1 until our *ildr5 7= !y are all ours z a community7 are f\rte5 ye>s ( age or upw>ds be=e we beg9 to tea* !m ! fir/ pr9ciples ( "r liv+1 ( m5tal gr[?1 ( love to _! neighbor8 ,we ma9ta9 t we _c beg9 too e>ly1 & t ?is is a "p ( libr>y "w f :i* we get ! greate/ p]c5tage ( rew>d4 ,aga9 ,i ask1 ,:at are we do+ = ^! *ildr51 ! future pride or di%onor ( our communities8 ,brockton1 ,mass41 has a read+-room to :i* *ildr5 are admitt$1 & :i* !y are enc\rag$ to visit1 s well patroniz$ t x w soon d\ble its seat+ capacity4 ,wal?am1 ,mass41 has tak5 a /ep 9 ! "r direction4 ,! tru/ees ( ! public libr>y h suppli$ two tables 9 _! wait+ room ) ,wide awake & ,/4 ,ni*olas = ! *ildr54 ,l[ell1 ,mass41 admits *ildr5 dur+ ! day1 & supplies !m ) juv5ile magaz9es4 ,man*e/]1 ,n4,h41 admits *ildr5 to ! read+-room2 b un=tunately1 f v>i\s causes1 !y are unable to (f] ! necess>y attractions1 & few visit x4 ,newport1 ,r4,i41 c only furni% ,/4 ,ni*olas = want ( money1 b *ildr5 may come & g at _! pleasure4 ,olneyville1 ,r4,i41 is (f]+ e inducem5t t _! means w all[ to draw *ildr5 to _! read+-room2 & to int]e/ & in/ruct !m seems to be ! object ( ^? 9 *>ge4 ,willimantic1 ,conn41 admits *ildr5 at ! age ( #ab ye>s4 ,som]ville1 ,mass41 supplies juv5ile magaz9es1 & has no limit to age4 ,spr+field1 ,mass41 also admits *ildr5 at all ages4 ,! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y1 ! p>5t ( ! public libr>ies ( ,new ,engl&1 true to its pat]nal in/9ct1 beg9s to ex]t its influ5ce ov] ! *ildr5 at ! e>lie/ ye>s4 ,!re are d\btless o!rs f :om we w\ld be glad to he>1 b ,i confess t1 aft] visit+ & inquir+ among public libr>ies conc]n+ ?is "w1 ,i became di%e>t5$ & ceas$ inve/igation1 = ! popul> v]dict seems to be ,*ildr5 & ,dogs n all[$4 ,) our exp]i5ce 9 ?is "w ) ! *ildr5 s9ce ! op5+ ( our libr>y 9 #ahgf1 & kn[+ ! possibilities only wait+ = developm5t1 ,i am embold5$ to speak e>ne/ly4 ,let u ga!r ! *ildr5 92 give milk = babies1 9 ! illu/rat$ books :i* !y may und]/& ?\gh !y _c read2 juv5ile magaz9es & lit]ature ( a heal?y nature to c\nt]act ! p]nici\s tra% t is flood+ our communities4 ,x is only necess>y to ref] y to ! specim5s ( fla% lit]ature :i* our boys h rel9qui%$ to u1 ) pale faces & trembl+ h&s1 aft] read+ f ! scrapbook "h on exhibition ! cutt+s f ! newspap]s ( ! day %[+ ! bad influ5ce ( ! dime novel4 ,x tells its own /ory f> bett] ?an ,i c tell x1 & ! "o 9 ^: m9d ?is great rem$ial ag5t orig9at$ is daily ble/ 9 see+ ! good results ( 8 exp]im5t4 ,help ! *ildr5 to beg9 e>ly to und]/& t ev5 !y are ( use 9 a community2 awak5 _! pride & ambition 9 ! "r direction1 & _! future is assur$4 ,if !re are ^? :o d\bt ! practicability ( ?is "w1 &1 l ,hosea ,bigel[1 w\ld ,give m = "o live bobol9k ,?an a squ>e mile ( l>ks 9 pr9t]'s ink1 come & see our ,fl[] ,b&1 numb]+ #bjj *ildr51 ga!r$ f ! little girls & boys :o frequ5t our libr>y & read+-room1 f five ye>s ( age to f\rte52 f ! little fell[ :o br+s ?ree wilt$ daisies1 or a rose )\t a /em1 to ! da9ty miss ) a b\quet f ! gre5h\se4 ,_! badges signify a pl$ge to br+ fl[]s once a week 7if possible71 & to respond to a call to di/ribute !m 9 any place :]e !y w add a bit ( brightness to a %ad[$ h\sehold2 also to seek out su* homes & report !m4 ,sev]al names h be5 already /rick5 f our li/1 ( ^? :o h di$ leav+ a bless+ = ^! little mission>ies4 ,! influ5ce ( ?is "w ^u ! *ildr5 & ! community _c be told4 ,x mu/ be se5 to be appreciat$4 ,i h endeavor$ to %[ t ^u ! influ5ce ( ! public libr>y work+ 9 h>mony ) ! _s ( ! *ur*es & ! s*ools1 ) ! s+le object ( ! highe/ welf>e ( ! p1 dep5ds mu* ( ! prosp]ity1 morality1 & culture ( our indu/rial communities--,i might also say ( our c\ntry2 b :5 we consid] t !re are less ?an #f1jjj public libr>ies 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 are we n tempt$ to say 9 ! words ( old1 ,:at are !y among s _m8 ,b let u rememb] t ! same _s t gave p[] to fe$ ! multitude f ! five loaves & fi%es /ill lives 9 ! he>ts ( m5 to animate !m to good works1 z %[n by ,messrs4 ,ames1 ,hail1 ,pratt1 ,c>negie1 ,o/]h\t1 ,newb]ry1 & a ho/ ( o!rs ^: names are yet to be engrav$ z public b5efactors on ! tablets ( public libr>ies4 ,may ,god spe$ ! "w6 ,,presid5tial ,,address ,,( ,,joseph ,n4 ,,l>n$ ,! ne$ ( /rong] =ces 9 popul> education--! failure ( ! press--! libr>y's opportunity1 z x appe>$ to a s*ol>ly libr>ian ( ! s-call$ old s*ool 9 #ahid4 ,joseph ,nelson ,l>n$ 0 born 9 ,*a?am1 ,ont>io1 ,may #aa1 #ahcf1 & 0 educat$ 9 ! public s*ools ( ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,he s]v$ on ! editorial /aff ( ! ,buffalo ,express 9 #ahei-gb1 0 sup]9t5d5t ( education 9 ,buffalo 9 #ahgb-gc & sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,buffalo ,libr>y f #ahgg until x became ! ,public ,libr>y 9 #ahig1 aft] :i* he devot$ himself to lit]ature until 8 dea? 9 #aiac4 ,8 be/ kn[n "w is 8 ,hi/ory = ,ready ,ref]5ce & ,topical ,read+4 ,he 0 presid5t ( ! ,a4,l4,a4 9 #ahic-id4 ,x 0 my mis=tune to be abs5t f ! meet+ at :i* y did me ! honor to elect me to ?is place1 & ,i _h no opportunity1 ei!r to give my advice aga9/ t action1 or to ?ank y = ! di/9ction ) :i* x clo!s me4 ,! advice ,i w\ld h giv5 is n[ belat$2 b my ?anks h lo/ no w>m? by ! delay1 & ,i pray y to accept !m ) belief 9 _! s9c]ity4 ,at ! same "t ,i %all v5ture to draw f ! circum/ances a c]ta9 claim ^u y\r g5]osity4 ,if x happ5s to me to be tripp$ 9 "s ( ^! tangles ( proc$ure :i*1 9 su* meet+s z ?is1 await ! /umbl+ feet ( an untra9$ presid+ (fic]1 be good en\gh to rememb] ! w>n+ ,i w\ld h giv5 y if ,i _h _h ! opportunity4 ,we are ga!r$ = ! sixte5? meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association1 9 ! eighte5? ye> ( its exi/5ce4 ,our league ( ! libr>ies is "y2 its hi/ory is unpret5ti\s2 b x is ! hi/ory ( a movem5t ( high] importance to ! _w t _m o!rs t h m>*$ ) trumpets1 & drums4 ,eighte5 ye>s ago1 ! conception ( ! ,libr>y militant1 ( ! ,libr>y z a mov+ =ce 9 ! _w1 ( ! ,libr>ian z a mission>y ( lit]ature1 0 "o :i* a few m5 only _h grasp$2 b ) :i* ^? few _h already begun ! do+ ( a revolution>y "w4 ,to-day su* ideals are be+ realiz$ 9 mo/ corn]s ( ! ,am]ican republic4 ,! la/ g5]ation1 & ! g5]ations be=e ! la/1 7 satisfi$ ) ! s*ool z an ag5t ( popul> education4 ,9 our "t we h br\ght ! libr>y to ! help ( ! s*ool1 & ! _w is j op5+ its eyes to p]ceive ! enorm\s value ( ! re9=cem5t t is ga9$ f ?is new p[]4 ,& ! discov]y has come none too soon2 = a desp]ate ne$ ( m & /rong] =ces 9 ! "w ( popul> education is press+ on u4 ,if we reflect on ! social conditions ( ! pres5t day1 & review a little ! work+ ( ! f]m5ts 9 civiliz$ society dur+ a few ye>s la/ pa/1 we %all m>vel1 ,i ?9k1 at ! timel9ess ( ! movem5t :i* br+s ! public libr>y1 j n[1 to ! front ( action among ! in/rum5ts & ag5cies ( popul> education4 ,x is our =tune1 good or ill z we may reg>d x1 to be unmi/akably pass+ ?r\gh "o ( ! great] crisies ( human hi/ory4 ,9 ! la/ c5tury1 mod]n democracy got its political foot+ 9 ! _w4 ,its bir? 0 old]1 & x _h be5 cradl$ 9 div]s nurs+ places1 ,swiss1 ,dut*1 ,engli%1 & ,new ,engli%2 b la/ c5tury x /epp$ into political hi/ory z ! actor ( ! lead+ "p2 z ! sov]eign ( ! future1 m\nt+ 8 ?rone4 ,f ! mom5t x came on ! /age1 all wise m5 knew t its ne$ above e o!r ne$ 0 education4 ,!y made ha/e1 9 our c\ntry1 to build s*ool-h\ses & to set ! s*ool-ma/] at "w2 see+ pla9ly t all !y might hope = & /rive = 9 ! future w\ld dep5d on ! intellig5ce t c\ld be put into ! bra9 ( ?is omnipot5t sov]eign :o _h ris5 to rule ! _w4 ,well1 ! s*ools & ! s*ool-ma/]s s]v$ _! purpose reasonably well = a reason4 ,democracy 0 fairly equipp$ ) a spell+-book & a quill-p5 = ! duties & responsibilities ( a simple1 sl[ly-mov+ "t4 ,! mass ( its memb]s1 ! e-day p ( ! f>m & ! %op1 read ! pamphlets & ! weekly gazettes ( _! day1 & 7 g5tly drawn1 ) unconfus$ m9ds1 into "o or ! o!r ( two /raightly oppos$ political p>ties :i* s\ght _! votes4 ,if !y lack$ k1 !re 0 a c]ta9 +5u\sness 9 _! "* :i* paid respect to ! op9ions ( m5 :o _h m4 ,if blund]+ 9 politics occurr$1 x 0 blund]+ lead]%ip1 = ! mo/ "p1 & m easily correct$ ?an p]v]sity 9 ! ranks4 ,s ! reign ( democracy 0 successful en\gh :ile society kept ! simpl] /ate4 ,b t simpl] /ate is gone4 ,we :o are beyond middle age may say t we h se5 x disappe>4 ,we h witness$ a miracul\s trans=mation ( ! e>? & ( ! p :o dwell on x4 ,we h se5 ! pass+ ( ,aladd91 :o rubb$ 8 magical electric lamp z he w5t call+ ,afreets f ! air to be ! common s]vants ( man4 ,a *ange has be5 wr\ght )9 fifty ye>s t is measureless1 n only 9 itself1 b 9 its effects on ! human race4 ,! p :o :isp] 9 ea* o!r's e>s across a cont95t2 :o "k at noon-"t 9 ,nebraska :at happ5$ 9 ! morn+ at ,sam>c&2 ! p to :om a hundr$ leagues are neighborhood1 & a ?\s& b easy di/ance2 = :om !re is little my/]y left on ! face ( ! e>?1 nor any?+ hidd5 f _! eyes2 ^! p ( our day are n 9 ! lik5ess ( ! m5 & wom5 :o ambl$ horseback or rode 9 coa*es f t[n to t[n1 & :o 7 cont5t ) a weekly mail4 ,! fitt+ & furniture ( m9d t w\ld make a safe memb] ( society & a good citiz5 out ( ! man ( small horizons1 :o liv$ ! n>r[] life ( a g5]ation or two ago1 are p]il\sly scant = ^! times4 ,x is true t all ! wond]ful quick5+ ( life :i* has occurr$ c>ries some?+ ( education 9 itself1 & t m5 le>n by liv+ "u ! conditions ( ! pres5t day2 b ! le>n+ caught 9 t way is ( ! dang]\s k9d4 ,x is ! delusive k ( ! surface ( ?+s2 ! deceitful lore :i* bre$s mis*iev\s beliefs & makes !m fanatical4 ,x goes b a little way1 if at all1 t[>d ! sav+ ( society1 z aga9/ ! unre/1 ! discont5t1 ! desire1 :i* torm5t su* an age ( revolution z ours4 ,& ! ?reat5+ fact is ?is3 t ignorant op9ions h acquir$ at ! pres5t day a capacity = h>m enorm\sly increas$ ov] t ( ! eld] times4 ,!y %>e ! magnifi$ pot5cy t is giv5 to all ?+s1 good or ill1 by ! sci5ce ( ! mod]n man4 ,its million tongues are l5t to !m = propagation2 b t is a matt] ( small s]i\sness comp>$ ) ! b\ndless ease ( comb9ation :i* x (f]s to !m at ! same "t4 ,x is 9 t appall+ facility ( alliance & organization1 :i* pres5t conditions h giv5 to m5 & wom5 ( e class & "*1 = e k9d ( aim & purpose1 t ! greate/ p]il ( society lies 9 our day4 ,a p]il1 t is to say1 s long z society has no assurance t ! leagues & conf$]acies =m$ )9 its bosom w be prevail+ly well in/ruct$ & intellig5tly controll$4 ,z a s]i\s dang] ?is is some?+ q new4 ,x has come ^u u )9 rec5t ye>s4 ,i c rememb] a /ate ( ?+s 9 :i* x 0 difficult = a man 9 common life to jo9 himself ) o!r m51 mu* beyond 8 own neighborhood1 9 any effectual way1 except+ z he did x on ! l9es ( an old political p>ty or an old] *ur*4 ,b1 to-day1 leagues1 unions1 f$]ations1 associations1 ord]s1 r+s1 =m !mselves among ! re/less1 un/able elem5ts ( ! "t z cl\ds are =m$ 9 ! atmosph]e1 & ) k9dr$ lightn+ fla%es & mutt]+s ( ?und]4 ,any boldly ignorant inv5tor ( a new economical !ory or a new political doctr9e1 or a new corn]/one = ! fabric ( society1 c set on foot a movem5t f ,ma9e to ,cali=nia1 betwe5 two equ9oxes1 if he h&les 8 inv5tion ) dext]ity4 ,?is is :at inve/s popul> ignorance ) t]rors :i* nev] appe>$ 9 x be=e1 & x is ?is :i* has br\ght ! real1 responsible te/ ( democracy1 social & political1 on our "t & on u4 ,democracy1 9 fact1 has rema9$ consid]ably1 hi!rto1 an unwork$ !ory ( society1 ev5 9 communities :i* h suppos$ !mselves to be democratically con/itut$4 ,x has rema9$ s ?r\gh want ( conditions t w\ld give a cle> s\nd to ! individual voice & free play to ! individual w4 ,^? conditions are n[ arriv+ 9 ! _w1 & ! democratic regime is consequ5tly p]fect+ itself1 n politically alone1 b economically1 & 9 all ! social relations ( mank9d4 ,s x is n exagg]ation to say t we h come to a situation 9 :i* society mu/ fight = its life aga9/ popul> ignorance4 ,! old ag5cies ( education are inadequate1 :5 ! be/ has be5 made ( !m4 ,! common s*ool does n g f> en\gh1 & _c4 ,its *ief function is to prep>e a soil 9 ! "y m9d = ! aft] se$-plant+ :i* w produce fruits ( intellig5ce4 ,unsupplem5t$1 x is well-nigh b>r5 ( true educational results4 ,! high] s*ools & colleges rea* too small a numb] to c\nt = mu* 9 a problem :i* conc]ns ! tea*+ ( ! univ]sal millions4 ,:at ag5cy1 !n1 is !re1 t w prep>e ! democracy ( ! pres5t & ! future = its trem5d\s responsibilities8 ,"s may say1 ! newspap] press3 & ,i w\ld rejoice if we c\ld accept t reply4 ,= ! press is an educat+ p[] t might trans=m ! civilization ( ! _w z swiftly 9 m9d & morals z /eam & electricity h trans=m$ its mat]ial aspects4 ,!re is no?+ conceivable 9 ! way ( light & lead+ = mank9d :i* a consci5ti\s & cultivat$ newspap] press might n d )9 a s+le g5]ation4 ,b a press ( t "* & t effect seems possible only "u circum/ances ( dis9t]e/$ness :i* are n likely to exi/4 ,! publication ( a newspap] may sometimes be und]tak5 z a duty1 b n (t54 ,z a rule x is a bus9ess1 l any o!r1 ) ! m]c5>y objects ( bus9ess2 & z a rule1 too1 ! ga9 s\ght is m readily & m c]ta9ly f\nd by p&]+ to popul> ignorance ?an by /riv+ aga9/ x4 ,a few newspap]s c secure a cli5tage :i* !y please be/ by dignity1 by cleanness1 by sob] tru?fulness1 & by ?\ghtful intellig5ce1 9 _! columns2 b ! _m are tempt$ always1 n m]ely to /oop to l[ ta/es & vulg> s5tim5ts1 b to cultivate !m2 because !re is gravitation 9 ! moral z well z ! physical _w1 & culture 9 ! d[nw>d way is easi] ?an ! upw>d4 ,! vulg>iz+ ( ! news press has be5 a late & rapid process1 ne>ly co9cid5t 9 cause & ev5t ) ! evolution ( ?is mod]n democracy :i* x makes m problematical4 ,we ne$ n be v old to h se5 ! beg9n+s3 ! fir/ skimm+ ( ! ri* daily news ( ! _w = ! scum & fro? ( x2 ! fir/ inv5tion ( t disgu/+ brew1 f public sew]s & private dra9s1 ) :i* ! popul> newspap]s ( ! day fe$ morbid appetites4 ,we c recall ! v r\tes by :i* x 0 c>ri$ f city to city1 & tak5 up by j\rnal aft] j\rnal1 z !y discov]$ a lat5t1 un-develop$ ta/e = su* f]m5ts ( lit]ature 9 ! communities ar\nd !m4 ,! ta/e 0 lat5t1 pot5tial2 x did n exi/ z a fact2 x 0 n consci\s ( itself2 x made no dem&s4 ,! newspap]s delib]ately s\ght x out1 delv$ = x1 br\ght x to ! surface1 f$ x1 /imulat$ x1 made x :at x is to-day1 an appetite z diseas$ & z %amefully p&]$ to z ! appetite = intoxicat+ drams4 ,&1 s f> z ,i c p]ceive1 ?is action & reaction betwe5 :at is ignorant & vulg> 9 ! public & :at is m]c5>y & unscrupul\s 9 ! press w g on until popul> education f o!r s\rces puts an end to x4 ,= x is ! sav+ fact t !re are o!r s\rces2 & =emo/ among !m are ! public libr>ies4 ,if x has be5 our privilege to see1 & = "s 9 our circle to be> a "p 91 ! beg9n+s ( ! active educational "w ( ! libr>ies1 ,i am p]suad$ t x is only ! beg9n+s we h witness$ z yet4 ,i am p]suad$ t ! public libr>y ( ! future w transc5d our dreams 9 its p5etrat+ influ5ce4 ,consid] = a mom5t :at x is1 & :at x (f]s to ! en]gies ( education :i* a desp]ate necessity is awak5+ & organiz+ 9 ! _w6 ,x is a /ore1 a res]voir1 ( ! new k ( ! late/ day & ! rip5$ wisdom ( ! long pa/4 ,to c>ry into ! memory & into ! ?\ght ( all ! p :o surr\nd x1 9 a t[n1 ev5 "s little "p ( :at x holds ( in/ruct$ reason+ & in/ruct$ feel+1 w\ld be to civilize t community beyond ! highe/ exp]i5ce ( civilization t mank9d has yet atta9$ to4 ,!re is no?+ t /&s equally beside x z a possible ag5t ( common culture4 ,x is ! "o f\nta9 ( intellectual life :i* _c be exhau/$2 :i* ne$ n be *annel$ = any =tunate few2 :i* c be g5]\sly l$ to ! fill+ ( e cup1 ( e capacity1 = old or "y4 ,!re is little 9 x to tempt ! bef\l+ h& ( ! politician1 & x (f]s no ga9 to ! m]cantile adv5tur]4 ,= ^? :o s]ve x on behalf ( ! public !re are few allurm5ts ( money or fame4 ,its va/ p[]s = good are s little expos$ to s$uction or corruption t x seems to give promises = ! future :i* are saf] & sur] ?an any o!rs t society c build hopes ^u4 ,9 ?is view1 ^? :o s]ve ! public libr>ies h a great responsibility laid on !m4 ,!y hold 9 _! h&s :at w\ld give to civilization an ideal ref9em5t if x c\ld be di/ribut$ & communicat$ to all4 ,z we "k v well1 t is impossible4 ,!re is a "p ( mank9d1 9 e community1 :i* nev] w feel1 nev] c be made to feel1 ! g5tle attractiv5ess & influ5ce ( books4 ,! fact is "o n to be disput$ or ignor$4 ,at ! same "t x is a fact to be treat$ practically z ?\gh x did n exi/4 ,x is our bus9ess to assume t ! mission ( good books1 books ( k1 books ( ?\ght1 books ( inspiration1 books ( "r feel+1 books ( :olesome imag9ation1 c be pu%$ to e he>?1 & to e *ild & p>5t :o sits by x4 ,& x is our bus9ess to labor unsp>+ly t[>d ! mak+ ( t assumption good1 )\t reckon+ any fraction ( hopelessness 9 x4 ,t is ! bus9ess to :i* we are appo9t$ 9 ?is _w4 ,let u be c>eful t we d n misconceive x 9 "o mo/ important p>ticul>6 ,x is n ! mission ( books t we are *>g$ )1 b ! mission ( good books4 ,& !re lies a delicate1 difficult1 v grave duty 9 t discrim9ation4 ,to judge books ) adequate k & suffici5t hospitality ( m9d2 to ex]cise a j *oice among !m )\t (f5sive c5sor%ip2 to def5d 8 %elves aga9/ ! endless siege ( vulg> lit]ature1 & yet n wa/e 8 /r5g? 9 ! resi/ance--^! are really ! crucial dem&s made on e libr>ian4 ,= ! fir/ condition ( successful "w is a good tool2 & our tools are n books1 b good books4 ,^! giv51 !n foll[ ^? dem&s on u :i* we sometimes discuss z ?\gh !y came fir/ ( all3 ! dem&s1 t is1 = a p]fect$ app>atus 9 ! work+ libr>y1 = a tireless en]gy 9 its motive =ces1 & = a l>ge intellig5ce 9 ! direct+ ( !m4 ,n _m ye>s ago1 our mission>y und]tak+s f ! libr>y seem$ to be b\nd$ by its own walls4 ,! improv+1 annotat+1 & popul>iz+ ( catalogues2 ! pr9t+ & di/ribut+ ( bullet9s & ref]5ce li/s2 ! surr\nd+ ( read]s & seek]s 9 a libr>y ) will+ help & compet5t sugge/ion2 ^! labors seem$1 only a few ye>s ago1 to include almo/ ev]y?+ t ! libr>ian mo/ zeal\s z a mission>y c\ld d4 ,b see :at doors h be5 op5+ 9 ! la/ few ye>s1 & :at illimitable fields ( labor n[ invite him6 ,?r\gh "o1 ! great army ( ! tea*]s 9 ! common s*ools is com+ into co-op]ation ) him4 ,?r\gh ano!r1 he /eps into ! movem5t ( univ]sity ext5sion1 & f9ds 9 e "o ( its s]vants a true apo/le ( ! libr>y mission ( good books4 ,f a ?ird1 he spreads 8 b5efici5t sn>es ab\t a city 9 bran*es & deliv]y /ations2 & by a f\r? he s5ds travel+ libr>ies to ! ends ( 8 ,/ate4 ,! ar5a ( our "w is l>ge en\gh already to make claims on e faculty & p[] we c br+ to x2 & yet our pla9e/ duty is to enl>ge x /ill4 ,i ?9k we may be sure t !re are portals yet to op51 ag5ts yet to enli/1 alliances yet to ent]1 conque/s yet to make4 ,& 9 ! end--:at8 ,^? ( u :o h fai? 9 ! future ( democracy c only hold our fai? fa/ by believ+ t ! k ( ! le>n$1 ! wisdom ( ! ?\ghtful1 ! consci5ce ( ! upright1 w "s day be common en\gh to prevail1 always1 ov] e facti\s folly & e mis*iev\s movem5t t evil m9ds ( ignorance c set a/ir4 ,:5 t bless$ "t ( victory %all h come1 !re w be _m to %>e ! glory ( x2 b none among !m w rank rightly be=e ^? :o h l$ & inspir$ ! "w ( ! public libr>ies4 ,,! ,,libr>y ,,z ,,an ,,inspirational ,,=ce ,:at a libr>ian may d to direct ! att5tion ( 8 read]s to ! really great writ]s & ?9k]s--a plea = orig9al "w & = innovation 9 ! libr>y--a note frequ5tly he>d 9 #aibj1 b new 9 #ahii :5 ,mr4 ,foss1 libr>ian & popul> poet1 s\nd$ x 9 ,public ,libr>ies = ,m>*4 ,sam ,walt] ,foss 0 born 9 ,canadia1 ,n4,h41 ,june #ai1 #aheh1 graduat$ at ,br[n ,univ]sity 9 #ahhb & s]v$ on ! editorial /aff ( v>i\s pap]s4 ,9 #ahie he left t ( ! ,bo/on ,globe & f #ahih to 8 dea?1 ,feb4 #bf1 #aiaa1 he 0 libr>ian ( ! ,som]ville1 ,mass41 ,public ,libr>y4 ,he publi%$ sev]al volumes ( popul> v]se4 ,a libr>y has no especial reason = self-felicitation simply because x di/ributes a l>ge numb] ( books4 ,9 fact1 x is possible = x to give out a v l>ge numb] ( books & d m h>m ?an good4 ,! te/ "q to ask is3 ,is x gr9d+ out a product ( enlight5$ & symmetrical m5 & wom58 ,is x trans=m+ ! community into intellectual1 ?\ghtful1 bett] equipp$1 m r\ndly develop$ citiz5s8 ,is x mak+ life any ampl]1 is x mak+ m5 any manli]1 is x mak+ ! _w any bett]8 ,if !re is any libr>y t _c answ] ^! que/ions affirmatively1 its libr>ians are dodd]+ _! lives away 9 useless activity1 & receiv+ a sal>y )\t r5d]+ any real s]vice 9 return4 ,! activities ( su* a libr>y are useless contortions1 & ! taxpay]s h a "r to prote/ its fur!r exi/5ce4 ,:at c a libr>ian d to make 8 libr>y an inspirational =ce8 ,9 ! fir/ place he mu/ be z accessible z a turnpike road4 ,x seems to me t he c d m good by talk+ to p ?an 9 any o!r way4 ,to d ?is1 ( c\rse1 x is a pr]equisite t he %\ld "k some?+4 ,i h no fai? 9 ! mis]able h]esy t a libr>ian :o reads is lo/4 ,a libr>ian :o does n read w\ld bett] n be f\nd 9 ! fir/ place4 ,a libr>ian :o does n read is simply a /able keep] = books4 ,he may see to x t !y are well blanket$1 groom$1 & put 9 ! prop] /alls1 & t ! v>i\s implem5ts ab\t 8 /able are kept 9 good ord]2 b su* a libr>ian w nev] be mi/ak5 = an intellectual giant 9 8 community4 ,let him "k ! books he h&les s t he c talk ) s*oolgirls ab\t ,sophie ,may & ,virg9ia ,t[ns5d1 & ) boys ab\t ,h5ty & ,brooks & ,knox & ,butt]wor?4 ,let him be able to discuss ,h]b]t ,sp5c] & ,david ,h>um ) equal ze/1 & "k some?+ ab\t ,kant & a good deal ab\t ,kipl+1 & v5]ate ,m>cus ,aurelius1 & n despise ,m>k ,twa94 ,8 m9d %\ld be a live coal 9 its love = books1 & !n ne/le up to o!r m9ds & let !m get ignit$ also4 ,b x may be said t a libr>ian hasn't ! "t = su* ext5sive read+4 ,did y ev] "k a boy :o c\ldn't f9d "t to play8 ,"o always f9ds "t to d ! ?+ he loves to d2 & a man :o has a g5u9e love = read+ w f9d "t = x ev5 9 a libr>y4 ,"o ( ! greate/ long+s t any s\l c h is a long+ = "s "o to talk ) :o is int]e/$ 9 id5tical subjects4 ,a libr>ian1 ?r\gh p]sonal int]c\rse1 c become a p[]fully educative influ5ce 9 8 community1 & />t intellectual impulses t w n subside dur+ 8 lifetime1 b g on wid5+ & bless+ indef9itely4 ,let him become ! fa!r confessor ( m9ds 9 8 t[n or city2 ! prie/ ( ! intellect1 to :om all m5 %all br+ all _! m5tal problems1 all _! dubi\s enigmas ( ! bra94 ,he w n be able to solve all _! puzzles or untie all _! knots2 b p]haps he w be able to hold ! c&le = a little :ile1 :ile !y /ruggle ) ! knots !mselves4 ,let him always hold ! c&le1 & talk pleasantly :ile he is hold+ x4 ,?is matt] ( be+ pleasant 9 a libr>y is really ! fir/ & great comm&m5t4 ,!re %\ld be an air ( welcome inside t is pleasant] ?an ! sun%9e outdoors4 ,! dea?like /illness & tomblike hu%1 ! sepul*ral gloom1 ! gravey>d sil5ce t sometimes prevails 9 libr>ies1 %\ld n be enc\rag$4 ,make p feel at home4 ,! libr>y "h c le>n a good lesson f ! b>room4 ,!re are no signs up 9 a b>room intimat+ t l\d talk+ is n all[$1 nobody walks on tiptoes1 ev]ybody is welcom$ he>tily & enc\rag$ to /ay1 & m5 f9d a sympa!tic fri5dl9ess !re :o f9d x n[h]e else4 ,john ,wesley said we %\ld n all[ ! devil to monopolize all ! good tunes4 ,! libr>y %\ld n all[ ! b>room to monopolize all ! _s ( human fri5dl9ess & good *e]4 ,i am s9c]ely glad t ! old type ( libr>ian is pass+ out--a man s dignifi$ t *ildr5 7 afraid ( him1 ^: face 0 s long t 8 *9 dragg$ on ! floor4 ,we want human m5 ) blood 9 !m 9 a libr>y2 m5 :o l m5 & love *ildr52 m5 :o c make !mselves agreeable to m51 wom51 *ildr51 & dogs4 ,let u make life z pleasant 9 a libr>y z a "m's twilight h\r ) h] *ildr51 & we %all raise up great families = ! aft]days1 :o %all look back ^u u z _! intellectual p>5ts1 & rise up aft] we are gone & call our memories bless$4 ,!re are ?ree classes ( books--books t give pleasure1 books t give in=mation1 & books t give inspiration4 ,! fir/ class has its ?\s&s ( read]s1 ! second its hundr$s1 & ! ?ird its t5s4 ,x is a good ?+ to read books = pleasure--x is ! mo/ innoc5t k9d ( drunk5ness ,i "k ab\t2 b t read+ books m]ely = pleasure may develop into a k9d ( intellectual dissipation is some?+ t we "k f exp]i5ce2 = :o is !re ( u :o has n s9n$8 ,b read+ books m]ely = pleasure is some?+ we %\ld outgr[ 9 *ildhood1 j z we d /ilts & m>bles & ! game ( tag4 ,x is a bett] ?+ to read books = in=mation4 ,x is "o ( ! heal?ie/ joys ( ! normal m9d to be =ev] le>n+ some?+2 =ev] le>n+ & =ev] com+ to ! k ( ! tru?4 ,x is ! be/ ?+1 h[ev]1 to read books = inspiration4 ,& ?is is a class ( read]s into :i* _m ( ! frequ5t]s ( ! public libr>ies nev] graduate4 ,ah6 ! pity ( x6 ,books t lift u out ( ourselves & ! fogs & fumes & du/ ( our little treadmill r\t9es into ! ampl] e!r ( l(ti] altitudes--into ! gr&eurs ( life6 ,em]son & ,%akespe>e & ,wordswor? & ,:itman--d m5 love su* z ^! & rema9 little m58 ,no1 ?is is ! meat f :i* giants are gr[n2 "h is ! food = s\ls4 ,n[ x seems to me x is ! duty ( ! good libr>ian1 "o :o believes 9 ! augu/ nature ( 8 pr(ession1 to lead up 8 read]s by all devices )9 8 p[]1 by imp]ceptible gradations1 ?r\gh ! books t please & ! books t in=m1 to ! books t inspire4 ,& ! libr>ian :o drops a boy be=e he le>ns to love ,john ,milton has only br\ght him half 8 j\rney1 & has dropp$ him be=e he has rea*$ ! de/9ation to :i* 8 f>e 0 paid4 ,:y d n p read ! be/ books8 ,"o reason is !y nev] see !m4 ,x is a libr>ian's bus9ess to keep !m 9 sight1 8 next bus9ess is to read !m himself1 & 8 next bus9ess is to talk ab\t !m :5ev] he c get an audi5ce ( fifty1 or five1 or "o2 to write ab\t !m 9 8 mon?ly bullet9s & let e man "k he c get !m1 & welcome1 by /ret*+ out 8 h&4 ,we all "k h[ ,tom ,sawy] got 8 f5ce pa9t$4 ,he made all ! boys 9 8 neighborhood believe t f5ce pa9t+ 0 great fun4 ,! libr>ian %\ld make all ! boys 9 8 neighborhood believe t read+ ! be/ books is g5u9e pleasure4 ,!y c be br\ght to an appreciation ( ?is pleasure z "o is br\ght to ! height ( a tablel& ( a great cont95t1 by gradations s gradual t !y seem to be walk+ on a flat surface4 ,i believe t ! great de/9y ( ! public libr>y is z yet b fa9tly =ese54 ,! pla9 tru? is t ! libr>y has n tri$ yet to d its be/4 ,x has op5$ x doors & let p come 91 if !y s desire1 or if !y happ5 to be pass+ t way4 ,no successful auctione] does bus9ess accord+ to any su* me?od4 ,on ! contr>y he lifts up 8 voice to all x may conc]n1 & to all t d n c>e t !re are ab\t to be great b>ga9s at 8 place4 ,! bus9ess man :o op5s 8 /ore & !n =ev] holds 8 peace has 8 solitude v infrequ5tly int]rupt$ by cu/om]s4 ,! *ur* t has no mission>y _s is z tepid z ! old *ur* ( ,laodicea4 ,! s*oolma/] ^: pupils abs5t !mselves too frequ5tly collects 8 daily audi5ce1 ev5 if he has to call 9 ! s]vices ( ! truant (fic]4 ,all ?is is writt5 ) some?+ ( ! same wisdom4 ,i d n believe x %\ld always wait = p to come to x2 x %\ld g to ! p4 ,e family 9 e city or t[n :]e !re is a libr>y %\ld be (f]$ a libr>y c>d1 or z _m c>ds z x has adult memb]s4 ,sometimes !re is s mu* r$ tape pr]equisite to obta9+ a libr>y c>d t a ba%ful man does n d>e to make ! attempt4 ,let u n %ut ! p (f f ! books t !y h paid = by a b>b$ wire f5ce ( r$ tape4 ,let e man or woman1 yes1 or *ild1 too1 t is old en\gh1 be p]sonally canvass$ & (f]$ a libr>y c>d4 ,!n sell him a catalog at co/ price1 or bett] /ill1 at less ?an co/1 & tell him h[ to use x4 ,ah1 b our tru/ees w say1 ?is w co/ some?+4 ,yes1 x w co/ some?+1 b x w be a trem5d\sly pr(itable inve/m5t1 & pay imm5se divid5ds lat] on 9 a m intellig5t citiz5%ip & wis] & happi] m54 ,f all ?is ,i wi% x might be inf]r$ t no libr>ian c be too great = 8 position4 ,x is n easy = him to h too mu* k1 too mu* tact1 too mu* consecration to 8 "w1 too exalt$ an e/imate ( 8 possibilities4 ,he %\ld n h a m9d ) a flange on x1 s t x =ev] runs on ! small rail along ! du/y roadb$s ( r\t9e4 ,let him orig9ate1 let him innovate1 let him blaze 8 pa? ) ! pione]s--let him ?9k4 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,public ,,libr>y ,"p ( an address by ,presid5t ,angell ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan--educator1 diplomat & /atesman--at ! d$ication ( ! ,ry]son ,libr>y ,build+ 9 ,gr& ,rapids1 ,mi*41 ,oct4 #h1 #aijd4 ,to advise a read]1 ,pres4 ,angell ?9ks1 "o mu/ "k some?+ ( 8 p]sonal aptitudes4 ,g5]al advice ab\t good read+ is seldom ( great s]vice4 ,a mod]n note by a great man4 ,james ,burrill ,angell 0 born 9 ,scituate1 ,r4,i41 ,jan4 #g1 #ahbi1 graduat$ at ,br[n ,univ]sity1 & aft] /udy+ abroad1 became em95t z an educator1 hold+ fir/ a pr(essor%ip 9 8 alma mat] & !n s]v+ successively z presid5t ( ! ,univ]sities ( ,v]mont & ,mi*igan4 ,he 0 ,u4,s4 m9i/] to ,*9a 9 #ahhj-ha & s]v$ on important int]national commissions4 ,8 works on int]national law & on education are /&>d4 ,he di$ on ,april #a1 #aiaf4 ,n[ t y\r b5efactor has s nobly done 8 "p1 x rema9s = ! city to see t ! libr>y is ma9ta9$ & manag$ 9 an effective mann]4 ,x w\ld n only be an act ( +ratitude1 b x w\ld be a mock]y1 if 9 su* an edifice z ?is we %\ld n f9d a good & gr[+ & well adm9i/]$ libr>y4 ,!re is no m important commission 9 y\r city ?an ! commission *>g$ ) ! c>e ( y\r libr>y4 ,let u hope t !y w always be *os5 ) special reg>d to _! fitness = _! (ficial duty & )\t reg>d to _! p>ty affiliations4 ,especially is wisdom ne$$ 9 ! selection ( y\r books4 ,x is n s difficult to *oose books = ! cultivat$ & s*ol>ly read]s4 ,b 9 a city libr>y y mu/ provide = all y\r population4 ,p>ticul> c>e %\ld be _h to procure books attractive & useful to y\r artisans & me*anics & common labor]s4 ,!y %\ld be l$ to feel t ?is is ! place :]e !y c mo/ pr(itably sp5d a sp>e h\r & c f9d some?+ to br+ new brightness into _! monoton\s lives4 ,! ef=ts :i* y h already initiat$ to make ! libr>y s]viceable to ! pupils 9 y\r s*ools mu/ n[ be r$\bl$4 ,! tea*]s & ! libr>y au?orities mu/ always contrive to coop]ate he>tily4 ,! multiplication ( libr>ies 9 ?is c\ntry has already elevat$ ! "w ( ! libr>ian to ! dignity ( a di/9ct pr(ession4 ,& no pr(ession promises to be m useful4 ,9 addition to ! prop] organization & c>e ( ! libr>y1 ! influ5ce :i* a compet5t libr>ian c wield 9 8 guidance ( ! read+ & /udies ( ! "y is seldom outweigh$ by t ( ! tea*] or ! prea*]4 ,9 no mann] c a g5]\s appropriation ( funds = ! support ( a libr>y be m wisely exp5d$ ?an 9 secur+ a compet5t libr>ian4 ,judg+ by my own exp]i5ce & by my obs]vation ( o!rs1 ,i d\bt :e!r ! guide books :i* h be5 writt5 to tell "o :at works to read h be5 ( great s]vice4 ,! simple reason :y !y are n v helpful is t to advise "o :at to read1 y %\ld "k some?+ ( 8 aptitudes & ta/e & some?+ ( 8 plans ( life4 ,g5]al advice is a %ot 9 ! air4 ,x may hit no?+4 ,b a compet5t p]son may give helpful c\nsels to ! "y conc]n+ useful me?ods ( read+ :atev] "o does read1 & may inde$ specify :at are "s ( ! be/ books on c]ta9 topics4 ,a good libr>ian1 if leisure en\gh is left him1 may attract & help will+ auditors by occasional lectures or in=mal talks on h[ to read 9 a libr>y4 ,b p]sonal sugge/ions1 to meet p>ticul> ne$s1 are ! mo/ fruitful ( good4 ,& j "h ! s*ool tea*]s1 if compet5t to advise1 c be ( ! utmo/ s]vice4 ,9 no way c ! libr>y be made s valuable z by ! he>ty & sy/ematic co-op]ation ( ! libr>ian & ! tea*]s4 ,x w\ld be v useful if !y c\ld f "t to "t meet to conf] ^u ! be/ me?ods ( secur+ h>moni\s action4 ,= x is ! g5]ation n[ com+ on to ! /age :o are *iefly to pr(it by ! use ( ?is libr>y4 ,x is ?r\gh !m t ! city is to receive its *ief b5efit4 ,to incite !m to read1 to tra9 !m to "r habits ( read+1 to inspire !m ) high ideals ( :at "o %\ld seek & love 9 read+1 %\ld be ! aspiration ( p>5ts & tea*]s1 if ?is libr>y is to yield its l>ge/ h>ve/ ( good4 ,l all good ?+s1 ?is libr>y may to "s p]sons br+ no good2 x may ev5 be made an in/rum5t ( h>m4 ,x may br+ no good1 because x may be utt]ly neglect$4 ,no d\bt !re are _m families :o h nev] drawn a book f its %elves4 ,x may br+ no good1 x may ev5 cause intellectual1 n to say moral injury1 if x is misus$4 ,x is possible to *oose f any great libr>y su* passages f works & to p]use !m 9 su* a _s z to gratify & /imulate pruri5t desires1 or if "o does n desc5d to s unwor?y & %ameful an act1 "o may read 9 su* a mann] z to be guilty ( intellectual dissipation4 ,:at we may call ! desultory read]s are expos$ to ?is dang]4 ,!y pick up :atev] book or magaz9e comes fir/ to h&1 provid$ !y are sure t x makes no tax ^u _! m5tal p[]s4 ,!y sp5d _! "t dawdl+ ov] a *apt] ( ?is book1 !n ov] a *apt] ( t1 z m5 ( ! t[n n[ jo9 ?is gay companion = an h\r & !n ano!r = ! next h\r = frivol\s talk & pr(itless gossip1 & s w&] aimless ?r\gh ! day )\t any fruitage to %[ = _! "t4 ,!y lose ! p[]1 if !y ev] _h x1 ( consecutive /udy & ?\ght & disc\rse on any !me :atev]4 ,i d n mean to intimate t we %\ld nev] come to ?is libr>y to read = pleasure & ent]ta9m5t4 ,"o ( ! great & prop] uses ( books is to refre% & amuse u 9 our h\rs ( we>9ess & depression4 ,l ! society ( our *oice/ fri5ds1 !y may wisely be s\ght = ! sole purpose ( div]t+ our m9ds f ! flood ( c>es & tr\bles :i* come 9 ^u all ( u4 ,! libr>y may well be ,! _w's sweet inn f c>e & we>isome turmoil4 ,or 9 our happy & m]ry moods we may seek cong5ial company 9 ! creations ( ,c]vantes & ,moli]e & ,%akespe>e & ,dick5s & ,m>k ,twa94 ,read+ = pa/ime is a comm5dable occupation1 if wisely foll[$4 ,l[ell 9 8 p>adoxical /yle tells u t :at ,dr4 ,johnson call$ br[s+ 9 a libr>y is ! only way 9 :i* "t c be pr(itably wa/$4 ,b to br[se pr(itably "o %\ld h an appetite only = :at has "s m]it4 ,i h kn[n lads born ) a lit]>y in/9ct z un]r+ z t ( ! bee = f9d+ honey1 to h ! free run ( a l>ge libr>y & come out ) a wond]ful range ( good le>n+4 ,su* in/ances %[ ! unwisdom ( hav+ ! same rules to guide e "o 9 8 read+4 ,9 su* cases z ^? j cit$1 ! example & ta/e ( ! p>5ts (t5 det]m9e ! success ( ! exp]im5t4 ,! books !y talk ab\t fondly at table & quote f freely & appositely are likely to arre/ ! att5tion ( ! *ild4 ,!re=e we may say t ! home z truly z ! s*ool may l>gely det]m9e :at advantage %all be ga9$ 9 ?is libr>y4 ,p>5ts :o = _! *ildr5's sake are c>eful :at gue/s !y admit to _! h\se & :at companion%ips !y c\nsel ! *ildr5 to =m may well consid] :at read+ comes "u _! ro( & :at lit]>y ta/es !y enc\rage 9 _! h\sehold4 ,9 ^! days :5 reviews & magaz9es & s*ool hi/ories ( lit]ature ab\nd1 !re seems gr\nd = "o caution to y\?ful read]s4 ,x is1 n to be cont5t ) read+ ab\t great books & great m51 b to /udy ! works !mselves ( great m54 ,_m ( ! outl9es ( ,engli% lit]ature1 = example1 :i* pupils 9 s*ool are requir$ to /udy1 conta9 dates & names & brief descriptions ( ma/]pieces1 & f ! nature ( ! case c conta9 little else4 ,b cramm+ ! memory ) ^! is n le>n+ ! lit]ature4 ,read+1 ma/]+1 & le>n+ to appreciate & love ! great works ( a great au?or is bett] ?an to le>n ! dry facts 9 ! lives ( a score ( au?ors4 ,s our magaz9es & reviews treat u to criticism sometimes wise1 sometimes unwise1 ( _m au?ors4 ,b all ^! are ( little value until ! works !mselves ( ! au?ors h be5 /udi$4 ,) ! works ! biographies ( ! au?ors %\ld be read 9 ord] to appreciate ! conditions "u :i* ! works 7 produc$4 ,b f> bett] is x to ga9 a ?or\gh acqua9tance ) "o great writ]'s life & works ?an to le>n a few fragm5t>y facts at second h& ab\t ! lives & writ+s ( _m4 ,"o ( ! mo/ difficult que/ions to settle 9 ^! days 9 ! selection ( books = a libr>y or 9 direct+ ! read+ ( ! "y is1 h[ l>ge %all be ! proportion ( fiction 9 a libr>y or 9 ! read+ ( any "o4 ,j n[ we are flood$ ) fiction1 /ret*+ f ! %ort /ory ( ! magaz9e to ! two-volume novel4 ,i obs]ve t ne>ly two-?irds ( ! volumes drawn f ?is libr>y 9 #aija-jb are class$ "u ! two heads ( juv5ile fiction & fiction4 ,& ,i suppose ! exp]i5ce ( o!r popul> libr>ies is simil> to y\rs4 ,?is %[s at lea/ t !re is a great crav+ = fiction4 ,t crav+ a libr>y l ?is mu/ to a fair degree /rive to meet4 ,nor ne$ we regret t !re is a /rong desire = /]l+ works ( fiction4 ,!y /imulate & n\ri% ! imag9ation4 ,!y give u vivid pictures ( life4 ,!y portray = u ! work+ ( human passions4 ,!y give a reality to hi/ory4 ,sometimes !y cultivate a ta/e = read+ 9 ^? :o w\ld o!rwise be incl9$ to read little1 & s lead !m to o!r bran*es ( lit]ature4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ,i ?9k x mu/ be confess$ t a great deal ( ! fiction :i* is delug+ ! m>ket is ! v]ie/ tra%1 or worse ?an tra%4 ,mu* ( x is positively bad 9 its influ5ce4 ,x awak5s morbid passions4 ,x deals 9 mo/ exagg]at$ repres5tations ( life4 ,x is vici\s 9 /yle4 ,x is a mo/ delicate task = ! au?orities ( a libr>y l ?is to draw ! l9e betwe5 ! works ( fiction :i* %\ld be & ^? :i* %\ld n be f\nd on its %elves4 ,z to ! individual read]1 ! be/ we c d is to elevate 8 ta/e z rapidly z we c by plac+ 9 8 h&s fiction attractive at once 9 its matt] & 9 its /yle4 ,we mu/ hope t ) ! cultivation ( ta/e to :i* our be/ s*ools aspire1 we c re> a g5]ation :i* w pref] ! be/ ?+s 9 lit]ature to ! inf]ior4 ,t is ! reason :y ! tea*]s ( languages & lit]ature 9 our s*ools %\ld be n m]e l+ui/s1 b p]sons ( ref9$ lit]>y ta/e1 :o w imbue _! pupils ) a love = ! true/ & highe/ 9 e lit]ature :i* !y c read4 ,i w\ld l to comm5d to my "y fri5ds :o desire to pr(it by ! use ( ?is libr>y ! habit ( read+ ) "s sy/em & ( mak+ brief notes ^u ! cont5ts ( ! books !y read4 ,if1 = in/ance1 y are /udy+ ! hi/ory ( "s p]iod1 asc]ta9 :at works y ne$ to /udy & f9i% su* p>ts ( !m z conc]n y\r !me4 ,d n feel oblig$ to read ! :ole ( a l>ge treatise1 b select su* *apt]s z t\* on ! subject 9 h&1 & omit ! re/ = ! "t4 ,"y /ud5ts (t5 get swamp$ & lose _! way 9 ,s]bonian bogs ( le>n+1 :5 !y ne$ to explore only a simple & pla9 pa?way to a specific de/9ation4 ,h a purpose & a plan & adh]e to x 9 spite ( allur+ temptations to turn aside into attractive fields t are remote f y\r subject4 ,if 9 a note book y w on f9i%+ a "w jot d[n ! po9ts ( importance 9 ! volume & ! ref]5ces to ! page or *apt]1 y w frequ5tly f9d x ( ! greate/ s]vice to run ov] ^! notes & refre% y\r memory4 ,if y are dispos$ to add "s words ( comm5t or criticism on ! book1 t practice also w make y a m attractive read]1 & w make an int]e/+ record = y to consult4 ,,community ,,c5t] ,,s]vice ,?is is ! newe/ phase ( libr>y "w & ! mo/ conv9c+ evid5ce ( its socialization4 ,!re is little 9 pr9t ab\t its e>ly /ages2 its classics are /ill 9 ! mak+4 ,we quote only ?ree pap]s "h4 ,,! ,,libr>y ,,z ,a ,,social ,,c5tre ,! op5+ address at ! ,r$ ,w+ meet+ ( ! ,m9nesota ,libr>y ,association1 ,oct4 #ab1 #aije1 by ,miss ,c\ntryman1 libr>ian ( ! ,m9neapolis ,public ,libr>y4 ,! public1 ,miss ,c\ntryman ?9ks1 is no indef9ite1 intangible somebody2 x is j 'we'--! /atem5t ( libr>y socialization 9 a nut%ell4 ,gratia ,alta ,c\ntryman 0 born at ,ha/+s1 ,m9n41 9 ,novemb]1 #ahff1 & graduat$1 ) ! ,b4,s4 degree1 at ! ,univ]sity ( ,m9nesota 9 #ahhi4 ,9 t same ye> %e ent]$ ! s]vice ( ! ,m9neapolis ,public ,libr>y1 & %e 0 assi/ant libr>ian at ! resignation ( ,dr4 ,james ,k4 ,hosm] 9 #aijd1 succe$+ him z libr>ian4 ,dur+ ^! latt] days ( enorm\s libr>y activity1 we h be5 consci5ti\sly exam9+ ! functions ( a libr>y2 we h be5 try+ all sorts ( me?ods to popul>ize x1 to adv]tise x4 ,we h ask$ = & li/5$ to ! criticism ( outsid]s1 & by ! light ?r[n ^u x ?r\gh ?is prism h sep>at$ our "w into its elem5tal p>ts & se5 its v>i\s hues4 ,we us$ to erect a libr>y z an alt> to ! gods ( le>n+2 n[1 to use ,mr4 ,dana's words1 we erect x z an alt> to ! gods ( good fell[%ip1 joy & le>n+4 ,s y see1 our ideals are con/antly ris+1 our horizons ev] broad5+1 & our "w cont9ually increas+1 bo? 9 ext5t & 9 dep?4 ,we might well h consid]$ our h&s fairly full to h dealt alone ) ?is god ( le>n+1 b we f9d ourselves embrac+ ! opportunity = additional s]vice to ! gods ( good fell[%ip & joy4 ,x might d u good to consid] tonight :at we are do+ = ! cause ( le>n+1 :at ! libr>y has done to increase s]i\s read+ & /udy1 & h[ x may fur!r ! educational "w ( ! _w4 ,?is "q is ev] pres5t ) u1 & c /& any am\nt ( discussion4 ,b x is ! gods ( good fell[%ip & joy t we are discuss+ tonight1 ! libr>y n z a c5t] ( le>n+ b z a social c5t]4 ,we are deal+ ) a small cr[d ( p :om we call our public4 ,:o are ! public8 ,:y1 y & ,i1 & my family1 & o!rs j l u4 ,!y want j ! same ?+s t we d1 & to be accommodat$ 9 j ! same way t we d4 ,! public is no indef9ite1 intangible somebody1 x is j we4 ,we talk ab\t ! p be+ hungry = books & in=mation4 ,h y f\nd x s8 ,!n :y d we h free libr>ies & free s*ools8 ,p are will+ to sacrifice = some?+ t !y are v hungry =4 ,d y hung] & ?ir/ to read ,hom] & ,%akespe>e1 & ,em]son & ,arnold1 & good hi/ories & lit]ature8 ,d y1 :5 y are tir$ aft] a day's "w1 take home a sci5tific "w or a treatise on civics8 ,no1 y are j a little sample ( ! public1 & y ?9k y ne$ to read a pleasant1 ent]ta9+1 re/ful book4 ,y ar5't hungry = in=mation1 &1 z a matt] ( fact1 ! p]son :o delights 9 /udy & has a f9e ta/e = ! be/ 9 lit]ature has "o ( ! gifts extremely r>e4 ,mo/ ( u are practical1 ev]yday1 work+ p1 ) a v limit$ "t = read+1 & ?is public :om we s]ve is j l u4 ,a few ( !m w love to read ! be/1 _m ( !m w want in=mation at int]vals1 a l>ge proportion want recreative read+1 & ! va/ majority use ! libr>y n at all4 ,n[ ! =m]1 :o want & love ! libr>y1 y ne$ n be tr\bl$ ab\t4 ,!y w naturally come to ! libr>y1 & y w f9d pleasure 9 s]v+ !m4 ,b ^! latt] classes :o ei!r come = pleasure or come n at all mu/ be drawn & held ?r\gh ! social in/9cts1 & ?r\gh _! desire = pleasure4 ,e human be+ mu/ h social life4 ,we seek company & companion%ip ) :om we c f9d mutual pleasure4 ,we may f9d x 9 fri5dly ga!r+s1 social clubs1 or music or conv]sation or games1 b social pleasure ( "s sort is s\ght by all ( u1 great & small1 9 t[n & c\ntry alike4 ,9 ! city !re is usually pl5ty ( opportunity--,i might almo/ say t !re is a surfeit--& "o mu/ pick & *oose4 ,b 9 ! t[ns & villages x is (t5 diff]5t2 good amusem5t & pr(itable pleasures are n always to be _h1 & be+ social be+s1 ! social crav+ is satisfi$ ) :atev] means may be at h&4 ,"y p especially c n isolate !mselves1 or live unto !mselves4 ,j :]e is ! libr>y go+ to /& 9 ?is matt]8 ,is !re any?+ :i* we c d to satisfy ^! natural desires & to ent] m vitally into ! lives ( ! p8 ,?is is ! "q to take home & ?9k ab\t4 ,z individuals1 we are com+ to h an enorm\s int]e/ 9 o!r human lives1 !re is a s5se ( social obligation ^u u2 we h come to "k t p]sonal righte\sness is n all t is requir$ ( u1 b t we mu/ help to realize ! social righte\sness4 ,! libr>y has ! duty ( be+ all ?+s to all m54 ,x is no long] simply a repository ( books1 x is exactly :at ,mr4 ,c>negie calls x1 ! cradle ( democracy1 fill$ ) ! democratic _s1 & x endeavors1 z f> z circum/ances p]mit1 to m9i/] to all ! ne$s ( ! community 9 :i* x dwells4 ,! libr>y /&s = progress1 ! progress ( its t[n1 & ?is does n mean increas+ ! mat]ial prosp]ity ( ! p1 ?\gh t may foll[1 b x *iefly means ! rais+ ( ! moral1 social & intellectual /&>ds ( all its p1 & help+ m5 & wom5 to be m effective 9 e way4 ,! libr>y does n exi/ = "o side only ( ! life ( ! p1 b = e side1 & if x fails to provide = ^? :o seek amusem5t1 x %irks a duty & r5\nces a privilege4 ,! soon] we unveil ! gods ( joy & good fell[%ip 9 our libr>y ! bett]2 ! soon] we make ! libr>y a c5tre = all ! activities among u t make = social effici5cy ! bett]4 ,( c\rse !re are natural limitations to ! k9d ( "w :i* a libr>y c d1 & 9 help+ to fur!r ! _s ( good fell[%ip & to furni% pleasure1 we mu/ keep )9 su* limits z are consi/5t ) ! _s ( a libr>y4 ,! libr>y c appeal to p 9 o!r ways ?an by books alone1 z we %all consid] lat]1 yet z books are our *ief tools1 x is natural to ?9k fir/ ( giv+ pleasure by t me?od4 ,"o ( our *iefe/ ways ( late ye>s has be5 ?r\gh ! *ildr5's room4 ,! *ildr5 get book in/ruction & supplem5t>y read+ & en=c$ book int]e/s1 all ( :i* are ne$$ = _! developm5t1 9 ! s*oolroom4 ,b 9 ! *ildr5's room at ! libr>y furni%$ especially = !m1 ) l[ tables1 picture books & l[ %elves conta9+ fairy /ories & all _! favorite au?ors1 !y settle d[n to satisfy _! own especial individual ta/es4 ,!n !re is ! /ory h\r1 ( :i* we %all he> to-morr[4 ,_m ( ! *ildr5 h nev] le>n$ ! pleasure ( read+4 ,!y d n belong to cultur$ homes & ! pres5ce ( books4 ,_m ( !m nev] he>d a ,"m ,goose j+le or a nons5se v]se1 & a book is an unle>n$ delight4 ,b :at *ild1 ev5 ( ?is k9d1 does n love to he> /ories1 & li/5+ brea?lessly1 w\ld n come aga9 & aga94 ,someh[ x seems z if we c\ld n dis*>ge our social obligation until we _h gone into ! by-ways & h$ges & ga!r$ 9 ^! scraps ( society1 & taught !m ! pleasures ( a book4 ,! *ildr51 once acqua9t$ ) ! libr>y1 w always c\nt x among _! fri5ds1 & x w =ev] rema9 a social c5tre to !m4 ,we gr[n ups are n s diff]5t f ! *ildr52 we1 too1 l a /ory1 & we1 too1 want to read ! ?+s t *e] & ent]ta9 u4 ,we agre$ a mom5t ago t we1 z well z our public1 7 liable to leave ! s]i\s books = ! infrequ5t /udy h\r & to sp5d our leisure ev5+s ) ! fasc9at+ novel4 ,well1 ,i d n "k ( any bett] way to give amusem5t & pleasure ?an to furni% ! p ) ! books !y want1 9 :i* !y c be int]e/$ & absorb$4 ,! c>es t infe/ ! day w fold _! w+s bett] "u ! spell ( a good /ory ?an any o!r way4 ,i ?9k we ne$ n be fright5$ :5 libr>ies are accus$ ( be+ only fiction di/ributors1 = x is a libr>y's function to amuse z well z to in/ruct1 & if p w seek amusem5t ?r\gh ! libr>y1 s mu* ! bett] = ! p4 ,x is natural t ! p %\ld feel a curiosity ab\t ! newe/ book & want to read :at o!r p are talk+ ab\t4 ,?is adds also to pleasant social int]c\rse1 & gives p a common subject ( conv]sation4 ,fiction is b\nd to be m & m an int]pretation ( life by :i* we see ! motives & ! curr5ts 9 o!r s\ls4 ,we ne$ n be afraid to supply good1 :olesome fiction & to use x 9 e/abli%+ social relations ) our p1 s t ! adults z well z ! *ildr5 %all feel a real pleasure 9 com+ to ! libr>y4 ,_m ( our libr>ies are n[ h\s$ 9 beautiful build+s1 9 :i* case1 ! build+ z well z ! books becomes a means ( social influ5ce4 ,if !re is ne$ ( a home = social int]c\rse & amusem5t1 ! libr>y may legitimately attempt to furni% su* a home )9 its walls4 ,if !re are social or /udy clubs1 organiz$ labor guilds or mission>y societies1 or any o!r organizations1 enc\rage !m to meet at ! libr>y1 f9d out :at !y ne$1 let !m f9d out t ! libr>y is _! coop]ative p>tn]4 ,& s ) ! s*ools & indu/ries1 ( :i* ,i h n "t to speak4 ,! :ole build+ at all times %\ld be manag$ 9 ! broade/ _s ( hospitality2 ! atmosph]e %\ld be z graci\s1 k9dly & sympa!tic z "o's own home4 ,!n d away ) all unnecess>y re/rictions1 take d[n all ! b>s1 & try to put face to face our fri5ds ! books & our fri5ds ! p4 ,introduce !m cordially1 !n /& aside & let !m make ea* o!r's bless$ acqua9tance4 ,"s h tri$ smok+ rooms1 _h boy's club rooms & games1 & _m h tri$ simply to make ! rooms homelike & *e]y1 & all ( _! exp]i5ce is valuable to u4 ,x may be t no "o ( ! plans us$ by o!r libr>ies may fit y\r case1 = x is n necess>ily good = y because "s "o else has us$ x successfully4 ,b ) any plan d n expect imm$iate results1 = almo/ ev]y?+ t succe$s p]man5tly has a sl[1 gradual developm5t2 t :i* fla%es up quickly usually dies d[n sudd5ly4 ,be will+ to "w out a good plan if y h "o1 & be will+ to /udy y\r p & all ( _! int]e/s be=e y %ape y\r plans4 ,,! ,,libr>y ,,& ,,! ,,social ,,c5tre ,by a great exp]t 9 libr>y field-"w z done by "o ( our mo/ active libr>y commissions4 ,miss ,lutie ,e4 ,/e>ns1 ( :om a sket* w be f\nd 9 ,vol4 ,i4 ( ?is s]ies1 is n[ a lectur] at l>ge1 b at ! writ+ ( ?is pap]1 :i* is repr9t$ f ,! ,wiscons9 ,libr>y ,bullet9 = ,may1 #aiaa1 %e 0 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,libr>y ,commission ( t /ate4 ,x is com+ to be an axiom 9 libr>y economy t ! wor? ( a book is 9 its use4 ,= ?is reason1 libr>ians ev]y:]e are devot+ !mselves to :at is call$ libr>y ext5sion ?r\gh ! build+ ( bran*es1 & ! e/abli%m5t ( deposit /ations 9 s*ools1 factories1 /ores1 club-h\ses1 police /ations1 fire-eng9e h\ses1 etc4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n t :]e no ef=ts are made along ! l9e ( libr>y ext5sion only #aj p] c5t4 or at ! mo/ #bj p] c5t4 ( ! p are rea*$ 9 any giv5 community4 ,if we wi% to h :olesome lit]ature become ! burd5 ( ! common ?\ght we mu/ place good books )9 easy rea* ( all4 ,libr>ies %\ld be quick to realize t ! social c5tre (f]s a mo/ excell5t opportunity to rea* ^? t might n o!rwise take ! "t to avail !mselves ( libr>y privileges4 ,! free public libr>y %\ld !re=e be made an important "p ( social c5tre "w ?r\gh active & sympa!tic coop]ation4 ,:]e libr>ies c af=d prop] facilities1 !re is no reason :y ! libr>y build+ %\ld n s]ve z ! social c5tre = ! community1 z ?is in/itution diff]s f ! s*oolh\se1 9 cities :]e p>o*ial s*ools exi/1 9 be+ neutral on ! religi\s "q & !re=e acceptable to all d5om9ations4 ,:]ev] ! social c5tre may be1 :e!r 9 libr>y build+ or s*oolh\se1 /rong emphasis %\ld be plac$ on ! use ( books4 ,a special libr>ian1 ( peculi> fitness1 %\ld be appo9t$ ei!r by ! libr>y or ! social c5tre au?orities4 ,?is man or woman %\ld be e>ne/ly altrui/ic 9 8 or h] desire to fit ! "r book to ! "r p]son at ! "r "t4 ,x may be t ?is w mean ! issuance ( a prim] 9 ,engli% to an adult ,slav :o has rec5tly arriv$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 or x may be ! loan ( a novel m :olesome 9 tone ?\gh j z s5tim5tal z "o by ,b]?a ,m4 ,clay1 ! au?or reque/$4 ,aga91 ! lead] ( ! boy gang may be p]suad$ to give up ! read+ ( ! lurid nickel libr>y 9 favor ( ,cu/] & ,gr9nell's tru?ful ,indian exp]i5ces4 ,su* selection involves a wide range ( books 9 ! social c5tre libr>y1 f well-b\nd & attractive editions ( ! classics d[n to ! late/1 mo/ :olesome novel4 ,! boys t frequ5t ! gymnasium may be won by ,b>b\r's late/ football /ory4 ,! raffia work] %\ld f9d int]e/ 9 ,prie/man's ,h&icrafts4 ,an up-to-date & au?oritative encyclop$ia1 a good diction>y1 a ,_w almanac1 & o!r popul> ref]5ce books %\ld be suppli$ & in/ruction giv5 9 _! use4 ,debat+ mat]ial %\ld be s\ght & e inducem5t (f]$ = individual rese>*4 ,^? :o _c af=d to take correspond5ce c\rses 9 ! v>i\s trades & crafts %\ld f9d mat]ial 9 ! social c5tre libr>y = self-education4 ,james ,russell ,l[ell has said t ! be/ "p ( e man's education is t :i* he gives himself1 & x is = ?is t ! libr>y at ! social c5tre %\ld furni% ! opportunity & ! means4 ,aga91 !re %\ld be books ( a *e]ful sort = tir$ work]s s t1 z 9 ,william ,morris's ,e>?ly ,p>adise1 !y may ,=get six c\nties ov]hung ) smoke1 ,=get ! snort+ /eam & pi/on /roke4 ,:olesome novels %\ld be f\nd 9 pl5ty = bo? m5 & wom51 toge!r ) books t inspire ) c\rage = life's daily r\nd1 su* z ,hugh ,black's ,"w1 ,gannett's ,bless$ be drudg]y1 ,hyde's ,art ( optimism1 ,em]son's ,"* & h]oism1 & ,wagn]'s ,c\rage4 ,ea* book 9 ! libr>y's collection %\ld s]ve "o or all ?ree purposes--to in=m1 to inspire1 or to refre%4 ,! rules = ! issuance ( books %\ld be made z simple z possible4 ,borr[]s %\ld n be re/rict$ to "o book at a "t if m c be us$2 t is1 a novel %\ld be loan$ ) a book = /udy4 ,no gu>antee %\ld be requir$ except ! borr[]'s signature4 ,a read+ room %\ld be made an attractive feature 9 connection ) ! issuance ( books4 ,! libr>y & read+ room %\ld be well light$ & heat$1 & ord] & quiet %\ld be insi/$ ^u4 ,! read+ table %\ld be suppli$ ) an abundance ( ! be/ ( ! popul> magaz9es4 ,! ,te*nical ,_w1 ,popul> me*anics1 ,amateur "w1 & ! ,sci5tific ,am]ican1 w be f\nd to be /rong magnets = attract+ ! int]e/ ( ! boys & "y m54 ,! ,_w's "w1 ,colli]'s weekly1 & ! ,am]ican magaz9e1 are ! ?ree great expon5ts ( optimism 9 our national life :i* %\ld f9d a place on ! read+ room tables1 z %\ld ,mc,clure's1 ,ev]ybody's1 ,hampton's1 ,scribn]'s1 ,h>p]'s1 ,c5tury1 & ! ,atlantic4 ,9 ! small t[ns ! local pap] & "o or two ( ! ne>-by metropolitan dailies %\ld also be tak54 ,attractive libr>ies & read+ rooms make less attractive ! s$uctions ( o!r places4 ,george ,eliot said long ago1 ,important z x is to direct ! indu/ries ( m51 x is n s important z to wisely direct _! leisure4 ,x is inde$ true1 z a critic ( our national life has said1 t ,! use ( a nation's leisure is ! te/ ( its civilization4 ,to w9 p to a love ( good lit]ature1 to br+ back ! old days ( read+ & m$itation1 are two ( ! great problems t confront ! pres5t-day libr>ian4 ,9 ! words ( "o e>ne/ libr>y work]1 ,! mod]n libr>y movem5t is a movem5t to increase by e possible means ! accessibility ( books1 to /imulate _! read+ & to create a dem& = ! be/4 ,its motive is helpfulness2 its scope1 in/ruction & recreation2 its purpose1 ! enlight5m5t ( all2 its aspiration1 /ill great] usefulness4 ,,:]e ,,neighbors ,,meet ,extracts f a special report on ! social "w ( ! ,/4 ,l\is ,public ,libr>y made 9 #aiag by ,m>g]y ,quigley1 !n libr>ian ( its ,divoll ,bran*4 ,m>g]y ,closey ,quigley 0 born 9 ,los ,angeles1 ,cal41 ,sept4 #af1 #ahhf1 & graduat$ f ,vass> ,college4 ,%e ent]$ ! s]vice ( ! ,/4 ,l\is ,public ,libr>y 9 ,febru>y1 #aiji1 /udi$ at ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,libr>y ,s*ool 9 #aiad-ae1 & 9 ,augu/1 #aiah1 became libr>ian ( ! ,free ,libr>y 9 ,endicott1 ,n4,y4 ,! exp]i5ce ( ! ,/4 ,l\is ,public ,libr>y goes to prove t no matt] :at ! neighborhood may be1 & h[ev] well-suppli$ x already is ) meet+ places1 !re is always room = ! libr>y auditorium & club rooms )\t subtract+ 9 any way f ! bus9ess ( ! o!r ag5cies4 ,9 fact1 !y seem to increase ea* o!r's use4 ,( our six bran* build+s1 "o is locat$ 9 ! he>t ( ! old] ghetto1 "o 9 ,c>ondelet1 two 9 purely resid5tial neighborhoods1 "o at ! ,s\l>d civic c5t]1 :]e n9e or t5 ,european languages are repres5t$1 & ! six? 9 ! old] ,g]man section ( ! nor? side1 ne> ! riv]4 ,ab\t ea* bran* is ! full quota ( meet+ places requir$ by any giv5 neighborhood--mov+-picture h\ses1 community halls to let = dances & ent]ta9m5ts1 *ur*es1 saloons1 ,turnv]e9s1 settlem5ts1 club h\ses1 runn+ ! gamut f lid clubs to ! ,arti/s' ,guild1 ,masonic temples & public s*ools1 :i* are n[ manag$ on ! community-c5t] plan4 ,sev]al ( ! bran*es h all ^! )9 a radius ( five or six blocks1 & /ill !y mu/ %[ ! /&+-room-only sign to _m ( ! clubs t apply = ! use ( ! libr>y halls4 ,! rem>kable feature ( ?is wid] use ( ! libr>y is t 9 spite ( ! increase ( meet+s1 !re has be5 no _s ( competition4 ,betwe5 ! community halls & ! libr>y1 = example1 !re has be5 no rivalry = /ati/ics ( use4 ,cabanne bran*1 9 ! he>t ( p]fectly equipp$ in/itutions :i* fo/] all sorts ( clubs1 %[s m ?an #eb meet+s a mon? dur+ ! la/ n9e mon?s1 :ile our report ( #aijg said ( ?is bran*3 ,!re has be5 an av]age ( ne>ly six meet+s a mon? 9 ! build+4 ,neighborhood clubs meet 9 ! halls :i* be/ suit _! purposes1 & no ag5cy seeks to move any "o ( !m to a diff]5t ro(4 ,9 ! ,crund5 ,bran* neighborhood1 ! ,sociali/s meet 9 a synagogue & a ,yiddi% *ur* meets 9 ! libr>y4 ,! city recreation dep>tm5t reports t ! libr>y's "w & ! dep>tm5t's community "w at ! ,patrick ,h5ry ,s*ool & on ! playgr\nds1 f> f duplicat+ "o ano!r are supplem5t>y4 ,9 giv+ ! free use ( its meet+-rooms to any reputable gr\p ( p]sons1 ! ,/4 ,l\is ,public ,libr>y acts ^u two pr9ciples :i* x _c emphasize /rongly en\gh4 ,!y are ! same on :i* x buys its books2 fir/1 t ! libr>y /&s = no propag&a b seeks to h\se all op9ions1 & second1 t x makes no obvi\s attempt to re=m or uplift4 ,al?\gh ! books x buys mu/ meet a c]ta9 /&>d 9 /yle & cont5t1 ! day is pa/ :5 libr>y assi/ants seek to =ce d[n read]s' ?roats books :i* w be good = !m4 ,9 ! same way1 ! meet+ :i* x %elt]s mu/ meet ! /&>ds ( ! community2 b ! ,libr>y has ceas$ to initiate or direct clubs & meet+s1 cultural or o!rwise4 ,community "w c be successful only :5 x embodies ! spontane\s expression ( ! neighborhood's own dem&1 :e!r x is f *ildr51 or wom51 or m54 ,a *a9 ( suffrage gr\ps 0 successful1 if numb]s 7 an indication1 9 "o neighborhood & a failure 9 ano!r--f ! same cause4 ,9 a neighborhood ( illit]ate =eign wom5 ) l>ge families1 "o suffragi/ lectur] on ! common law ( ,engl& 0 greet$ by an audi5ce consi/+ ( "o deaf old lady & fifty ,jewi% *ildr5 "u twelve1 :o _h he>d t c&y 0 to be giv5 away4 ,_m ( ! meet+s t )] & die are conceiv$ 9 ! f9e/ _s ( s]vice4 ,if !y aim to int]e/ ! :ole neighborhood1 irrespective ( cliques & prejudices1 !y almo/ always fail--if1 z we ,am]icans are suppos$ to d1 we figure failure & success 9 t]ms ( quantity4 ,utopian s*emes _c long survive to-day1 h\s$ or n 9 ! s*ol>ly & fri5dly surr\nd+s ( ! libr>y4 ,a unit$ ,ukra9e _c absorb ! att5tion ( its support]s half z cont9u\sly z ! possibility ( a new job 9 ,=d's factory1 & a dec5t danc+ club _c always endure 9 ! face ( pr(its to be made f a riv] excursion4 ,probably ( all municipal in/itutions1 ! libr>y1 :ile ma9ta9+ its dignifi$ & quiet atmosph]e1 may become ! lea/ =mal & mo/ neighborly4 ,x is a libr>y truism t a libr>ian c tell f repeat$ exp]i5ces j :5 a borr[] is call+ at ! libr>y to ann\nce h] engagem5t or to proclaim t 8 new job has be5 secur$4 ,c\ntless o!r bits ( ev]yday news are ex*ang$ ov] ! desk ) real pr(it to ! libr>y & to ! visitor4 ,we feel 9 ,/4 ,l\is t ! s-call$ wid] use ( ! plant is only a tangible expression ( ?is same fri5dly relation%ip1 ju/ifi$ on ! "o h& by its economy & on ! o!r1 & to a f> l>g] ext5t1 by its contribution to ! community's legitimate social life4 ,v =tunately = ! tax-pay]1 & = ! av]age read]1 ! public libr>y does n look ^u its bran*es z intellectual cl9ics = ! poor4 ,l ! public s*ools1 its problem is to s]ve all ! *ildr5 ( all ! p1 & consequ5tly 9 localities o!r ?an ^? :]e =eign]s live1 ! same sort ( bran* build+ is erect$1 ) an auditorium op5 "u ! same regulations & us$ to meet ! ne$s ( ! p>ticul> neighborhood4 ,! s-call$ middle class has z fair a *ance & z good a "t 9 ! libr>y auditoriums z ! =eign poor4 ,:5 !re are public meet+s at ! ,c>ondelet libr>y1 speak]s f o!r p>ts ( ! city inv>iably come late4 ,!y beg9 _! addresses ) long apologies1 say+ t !y h nev] be5 9 ! neighborhood be=e1 & did n "k :]e to f9d ! libr>y4 ,!y always seem amaz$ at ! size & beauty ( ! build+1 & comm5t p>ticul>ly on ! pleasant club-rooms4 ,"o ,we/ ,end woman c\ld n say en\gh 9 praise ( ev]y?+1 repeat+ cont9ually1 & all ?is d[n "h6 ,practically ?is same comm5t is made aga9 & aga9 9 ! ma9 libr>y1 & 9 ! o!r bran*es ?r\gh\t ! city4 ,all ?is d[n "h1 is equally true ( sev5 auditoriums1 ea* ) a seat+ capacity ( #bjj1 & ( club rooms & (fices to ! numb] ( fifte54 ,9 ^! halls 7 held1 dur+ ! pa/ ye>1 practically z l>ge a numb] ( meet+s z our equipm5t w p]mit4 ,omitt+ ! meet+s at ,crund5 & ,s\l>d1 practically all are held by ! av]age sort ( p]son--av]age f9ancially1 socially & intellectually4 ,! v abs5ce ( ! feel+ t ! club mu/ make money1 or mu/ at lea/ pay exp5ses1 probably acc\nts = ! long li/ ( small clubs & bo>d meet+s :i* c\ld almo/ z easily meet 9 ! homes ( memb]s4 ,!re are ^? :o ?9k t no "o uses ! auditoriums except v weal?y club-wom51 :o set up ,*ri/mas trees = ! poor4 ,!re is no m tru? 9 ?is ?an !re w\ld be 9 say+ t all ! inhabitants ( ,/4 ,l\is are ei!r immigrants or millionaires4 ,9 ! total numb] ( meet+s at ! libr>y1 :at ,ida ,t>bell has t]m$ ! %irtwai/ cr[d1 is f> 9 ! majority4 ,at practically e bran*1 ! ,simon-pure woman's clubs =m at lea/ fifte5 p] c5t4 ( all ! meet+s4 ,at ! ,cabanne bran*1 ab\t fifty p] c5t4 are made up ( wom54 ,! ,b>r ,bran* ,mo!rs' ,circle1 ,! ,que5 ,h$wig ,poli% ,wom51 & ! ,c>ondelet ,wom5's ,club are ?ree names out ( a li/ runn+ almo/ to a hundr$4 ,! mascul9e ( %irtwai/ cr[d is %irtsleeves cr[d2 & ?is is equally well repres5t$ ^u ! s*$ules ( all ! bran*es4 ,miss ,griggs1 ( ! ,b>r ,bran*1 writes3 ,we seem n[ to h a numb] ( new meet+s t are held = discussion--b n _m = /udy--casual1 "o-meet+-only affairs4 ,= in/ance1 ! ,royal ,arcanum met to discuss :at c\ld be done ab\t ! increas$ rates4 ,all ! premiums 7 rais$ & ^? = old] m5 rais$ f> out ( reason1 s all ! old] memb]s _h a meet+ d[n "h1 to discuss :at action !y c\ld take4 ,i am glad p come casually t way--& feel t we are op5 = some?+ beside ! regul> /udy meet+s4 ,!y sit ar\nd v in=mally1 smoke1 come 9 & out d[n /airs & d n h any v =mal session4 ,9 common ) ! o!r bran*es1 ,b>r has _h political meet+s4 ,"s h be5 held j be=e elections & h be5 q w>m4 ,on "o occasion1 ! libr>y 0 made a buzz+ community c5t] by a s]ies ( bombs t 7 set (f 9 ! /reet4 ,o!r & quiet] meet+s h be5 held by p>ty committees1 judges ( elections & ! l4 ,! ,/ate ,sociali/ p>ty has twice held its conv5tions "h1 & ea* "t ! session la/$ = f\r days4 ,! meet+s 7 op5$ ) hymns1 & ! delegates _h all-day sessions1 f #i3jj a4m4 to #i3jj p4m4 ,i ?9k mo/ ( ! p>tisan lead]s feel t !y are a little h&icapp$ :5 !y meet 9 ! libr>y--/ill1 !y come back occasionally4 ,!re are com+ to be m purely social meet+s ( y\ng] grade pupils4 ,9 "s cases1 ^! *ildr5 are n organiz$1 b m]ely claim to be 9 ord] to get ! halls4 ,9 o!r cases1 relatives :o come ) !m to make application are frank to confess t !y want ! hall to avoid inconv5i5ce at home1 especially ! protract$ h\se-clean+s :i* are ! pre-requisite at mo/ home p>ties4 ,"o "m said t ! la/ "t !re 0 a bir?day p>ty 9 h] h\se1 ! man :o liv$ up/airs1 aft] rapp+ repeat$ly on ! floor to /op ! *ildr5's noise1 came d[n & said1 t '! p>ty w\ld simply h to bu/ up4' ,%e want$ to hold ?is p>ty 9 ! libr>y1 because h] husb& _h su* a bad temp]1 t %e 0 sure he w\ld murd] ! man if su* a ?+ happ5$ aga91 &1 ( c\rse1 x w\ld happ5 aga91 = no *ildr5's p>ty w\ld ev] be quiet en\gh to suit ! man up/airs4 ,adult clubs z a :ole ask v little ( u beyond ! occasional use ( ! telephone1 & !y (t5 come & g )\t our be+ consci\s ( !m4 ,?is is especially true ( day-"t meet+s4 ,x mu/ be admitt$1 t 9 addition to ^? :o are v fri5dly & ^? :o d n make ei!r criticism or appreciation articulate1 !re are "s :o break ! monotony ( ! libr>ian's exi/5ce by ?9k+ '!y owns ! place1' to quote ! janitor4 ,! y\ng] social meet+s ne$ consid]able att5tion1 too4 ,!y ov]fl[ up/airs1 are always noisy & sometimes n z agreeable z !y %\ld be4 ,a memb] ( a new club ( girls said1 ',i guess we r5t$ ?is build+ = ! ev5+--we c make z mu* noise z we please4' ,)9 c]ta9 limits1 p>ticul>ly ! p[d]-cans & lead p5cils ( ! /aff1 we want ! clubs to ?9k t !y d own ! place4 ,! sure/ pro( t ! ,/4 ,l\is plan works1 is to h ! scions ( our democracy feel t !y are gett+ _! money's wor? f ! in/itution t _! taxes support4 ,a gr\p ( "y sociali/s 0 =m$ too late 9 ! season to secure a regul> meet+ night4 ,!y f9ally decid$ t !y w\ld h to be satisfi$ ) meet+1 = ! w9t]1 at ,k----'s--a delicatess5 /ore a few blocks away4 ,k----'s has an adv]tisem5t e week 9 ! ,jewi% ,record1 invit+ m5 to come & read ! pap]s !re & make use ( ! free meet+-room4 ,l all ,jewi% delicatess5s1 ?is %op conta9s ev]y?+ t any patron is will+ to buy1 & 9 addition1 elaborates ! c(fee-h\se idea into any %ape t circum/ances may sugge/4 ,:5 ! "y m5 said individually on lat] occasions t !y 7 n cont5t$ at ! delicatess51 !y always add$1 ,x's because we feel s at home at ! libr>y2 because we've always gott5 books out !re4 ,! next w9t] _! application 0 h&$ 9 sev]al mon?s 9 advance4 ,9 a neighborhood :]e conditions are ! exact anti!sis ( ,crund5's1 ! same feel+ exi/s4 ,miss ,pretl[ 0 talk+ "o ev5+ to a "y man :o belong$ to a gr\p giv+ a danc+ p>ty at ,cabanne ,libr>y4 ,%e said t %e c\ld n b rem>k h[ well-dress$ & well br$ & altoge!r prosp]\s ! danc]s 74 ,!y v evid5tly c\ld h met 9 any "o ( a numb] ( l>ge homes or c\ld h paid = "o ( ! be/ halls 9 ! city2 s %e said to ! "y man1 ,h[ is x y d n r5t ,blank's ,hall1 b use ! ,libr>y in/ead8 ,i "k x c't be ! diff]5ce 9 co/ t influ5ces y4 ,! "y man answ]$ 9 v evid5t a/oni%m5t3 ,:y1 we l ?is place2 we all grew up 9 ?is ,libr>y4 ,:5 adolesc5ts ( bo? sexes meet toge!r1 _! meet+s are purely = a good "t4 ,_! behavior is extremely immature f ! social side2 ei!r v wood5 or v uncontroll$4 ,?is is ! p]iod :5 ! libr>ian mu/ insi/ ^u /rict *ap]onage1 & x is also ! p]iod :5 res5tm5t ( discipl9e1 or ev5 ( sugge/ion1 runs high4 ,!y w\ld no m foll[ ! advice ( ! ,libr>ian 9 ! matt] ( invitations1 introduction ( wall-fl[]s & h[ a dance is to be run (f g5]ally1 ?an !y w\ld copy h] ta/e 9 dress1 :i* !y inv>iably consid] v old-maidy4 ,! /&>ds to :i* social clubs adh]e rigidly are ^? obs]v$ 9 places ( comm]cializ$ amusem5t4 ,"o gr\p ( boys met to tea* ea* o!r danc+1 :]e ! girls w\ld n see !m4 ,z x 0 a case ( ! bl9d lead+ ! bl9d1 a volunte] :o _h be5 tea*+ folk-danc+ to ! girls all w9t]1 (f]$ h] s]vices4 ,aft] "o trial %e 0 p]sona non grata1 because %e w\ldn't let !m rag4 ,"s ( ! dances are q grim4 ,"o w n he> a note ( laught] all ! ev5+4 ,five or six girls w (t5 come toge!r4 ,^? :o "k boys w dance ) !m1 & betwe5 dances w n make ! slighte/ ef=t to introduce _! fri5ds to possible p>tn]s4 ,! fri5ds1 in/ead ( res5t+ ?is inactivity1 (t5 sit all ! ev5+ on ! side l9es wat*+ & *ew+ gum1 app>5tly p]fectly satisfi$4 ,at ! opposite pole is ! wild desire = r\gh h\se4 ,9 ! e>ly /ages ( auditorium "w & be=e ^! days ( ,h4,c4,l41 pieces ( cake h occasionally gone fly+ across ! hall4 ,z soon z bran* libr>ies recogniz$ ^! facts1 & x 0 v soon1 ! application = dances became few] & ( bett] quality4 ,leav+s f o!r club rooms no long] apply1 & disgruntl$ alumni associations 9 s*ools h ceas$ to contemplate a move to ! ne>e/ bran* libr>y4 ,no ef=t has be5 made to adv]tise ! club rooms1 beyond ^! /atem5ts ( ! bran* libr>ians 9 pass+1 except ! exhibit+ ( ! rooms !mselves to visitors :o /op 9 to %[ our libr>y to c\s9 ,s>ah1 f ,dav5port1 or ,ill9ois1 or ,oklahoma1 z ! case may be4 ,^w-(-m\? publicity acc\nts = ! gradual /eady gr[? 9 ! use ( ! rooms4 ,"o ( ! _m examples began ) a /5ograph] :o sew$1 9 secret1 z %e said1 at noon 9 ! club room4 ,%e 0 embroid]+ an engagem5t pres5t = "o ( ! girls 9 h] (fice4 ,ne$less to say1 %e scatt]$ in=mation ab\t ! rooms1 & ! rules gov]n+ !m1 :]ev] any "o w\ld li/54 ,ev5tually a ,sunday ,s*ool class1 to :i* h] c\s9 belong$1 gave a ,/4 ,patrick's ,day p>ty 9 ! libr>y4 ,z an indirect result1 a ,s*ool ,patron's ,association n[ holds five or six meet+s ea* ,spr+1 to make prep>ations = its annual picnic4 ,s ! ball ( publicity rolls along ( its own mom5tum4 ,at bran* libr>ies1 ! auditorium & /udy rooms are z a rule closely connect$ ar*itecturally ) ! read+ rooms1 & club memb]s usually pass ?r\gh ! ma9 "p ( ! libr>y to rea* ! meet+s4 ,"o or two at lea/ f ea* gr\p /op to *at ) ! work]s1 or to read4 ,at ,crund5 ! assi/ants say t :5ev] a ,yiddi% meet+ is to beg9 at n9e1 ! m5 come at eight & read4 ,!n !re are ! isolat$ individuals f ! club :o /umble on ! res\rces ( ! libr>y q by accid5t1 & lat] gr[ communicative4 ,occasionally "s "o ru%es up /airs to borr[ ! telephone book1 & :51 aft] an unsuccessful que/1 he is (f]$ ! city directory by ! libr>ian1 he f9ds x h>d to realize t any libr>y c conta9 a book z useful z t4 ,"o man :o saw a magaz9e ly+ on ! desk :ile he 0 ask+ to be direct$ to ! auditorium1 said1 ,i _h no idea ! libr>y h&l$ magaz9es4 ,libr>ies try z fai?fully to rea* e "o z if !y 7 comm]cial ent]prises1 b !re w always be a c]ta9 numb] ( p]sons :o h nev] be5 9 a libr>y build+1 n to speak ( kn[+ ! location ( ! ne>e/ bran* & realiz+ its res\rces4 ,a ,h>v>d graduate said he _h walk$ pa/ a bran* e day = a ye> & _h ?\ght x 0 a bran* po/-(fice4 ,if !re 7 no o!r argum5ts 9 favor ( add+ auditoriums to ! libr>y's li/ ( activities1 !re is ?is3 t !y introduce to ! libr>y l>ge gr\ps ( p :o h _h no connection ) x be=e4 ,! horse at lea/ has be5 l$ to ! wat]4 ,if clubs meet regul>ly1 !re is always a small proportion :o make meet+-night _! libr>y night4 ,!y consequ5tly read & want to calculate all f9es ) ref]5ce to ! night ( ! la/ meet+4 ,i once he>d "o "y woman tell+ ano!r h[ %e f9ally _h h] read+ dop$ out into a sy/em1 by beg9n+ on h] sev5-day book j z soon z %e rea*$ home aft] ! meet+1 & us+ ! f\rte5-day book only on ! /reet c>s4 ,) ! e/abli%m5t ( libr>ies 9 small t[ns & rural communities1 !re is at pres5t a t5d5cy to make social c5t]s out ( libr>y build+s1 ev5 at ! sacrifice ( ! books1 r ?an to e/abli% libr>ies 9 connection ) social activities4 ,?is is also true 9 ^? cities :]e field-h\ses 9 p>ks are well develop$4 ,)\t hold+ a brief = ei!r s*ool1 we may prop]ly emphasize ?ree pr9ciples4 ,! fir/ is t a libr>ian holds h] position by virtue ( be+ a libr>ian1 & t h] duty & tra9+ require h] full "t = ! purpose = :i* %e is employ$--! fitt+ ( ! prop] book to ! individual4 ,! second is t if ! community ne$s to h ! social c5t] /ress$ m ?an ! books1 a social work] mu/ direct ! c5t] & ! libr>ian mu/ contribute 9 a subord9ate capacity to make ! c5t] a success4 ,= example1 ! ,/4 ,l\is ,public ,libr>y has equipp$ a room ) books & is furni%+ an att5dant at a color$ social c5t] 9 a *ur* build+ at ,g>rison & ,lucas ,av5ues1 b x does n !reby put =w>d any claim to control & /imulate ! social activities ( ! neighborhood4 ,! ?ird pr9ciple is t if ! libr>y plant is already 9 op]ation1 x is a wa/e to exclude neighborhood gr\ps f rooms n be+ us$ directly = ! read+ & circulation ( books1 inasmu* z ov]head exp5ses cont9ue4 ,,:at ,,( ,,! ,,future8 ,a =eca/1 n ( libr>y progress alone1 b ( civilization itself1 by "o :o decl>es himself a simple-m9d$ vision>y optimi/4 ,x is ( ! w>p & wo( ( visions l ?is t ! fabric ( a bett] _w is wov54 ,fr$]ick ,morgan ,crund51 :o deliv]$ ?is address at ! public session ( ! ,philadelphia ,conf]5ce ( ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association1 #ahig1 0 n1 x is true1 ! te*nical f\nd] ( ! ,/4 ,l\is ,public ,libr>y1 b 9 8 ?irty-ye> adm9i/ration ( x1 he orig9at$ & kept 9 motion ! =ces t h giv5 x ! position t x n[ holds 9 ! community4 ,^! =ces & _! results 7 bo? social1 & 8 address =ms a fitt+ conclusion to ?is compilation ( mat]ial on ,! ,libr>y & ,society4 ,a sket* ( ,mr4 ,crund5 appe>s 9 ,vol4 ,i ( ?is s]ies4 ,! pres5t ,victorian jubilee has naturally br\ght out a fre% gr\p ( rem9isc5ces comp>+ conditions at ! beg9n+ ( ! reign ) ^? n[ exi/+4 ,! mo/ /rik+ contra/ betwe5 ! two p]iods lies 9 ! advances made 9 ! mat]ial com=ts ( life--improvem5ts 9 light+ & heat+1 9 locomotion & int]communication4 ,! progress ( appli$ sci5ce has be5 s rapid t "s ( its mo/ notable a*ievem5ts h come )9 ! memory ( "y p]sons /ill at s*ool4 ,telephonic conv]sation betwe5 ,new ,york & ,/4 ,l\is is only a ?+ ( ye/]day2 a]ial navigation is evid5tly ne> at h&2 & already d>+ sci5ti/s speak hopefully ( electric communication ) ! planets4 ,b x is n only 9 ?is l9e t ! _w has advanc$4 ,to note great *anges 9 social cu/oms1 we ne$ n g back to ! la/ c5tury4 ,sir ,alg]non ,we/ 9 a rec5t magaz9e article ref]s to ! matt]-(-c\rse mann] 9 :i* 8 *ief 0 9 ! habit ( ann\nc+ to ! head cl]k t he w\ld n be at ! (fice ! foll[+ day1 z he 0 to d9e out t ev5+4 ,z an indication ( ! social *anges br\ght ab\t 9 8 lifetime1 he quotes ?is significant s5t5ce ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,villi]s3 ,9 8 "y days1 said ,mr4 ,villi]s1 e "y man1 ev5 if he 0 busy1 pret5d$ to be idle2 n[ e "y man1 ev5 if he is idle1 pret5ds to be busy4 ,!re is great import 9 ?is4 ,:5 e memb] ( society is usefully employ$1 our social problems w be well on ! way to solution4 ,to note progress 9 ano!r direction we ne$ n turn back to ! acts ( ! #ad? c5tury1 :i* made x a crime to give or receive m ?an ! wret*$ wage fix$ by law4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,victorian era boys & girls z "y z six ye>s work$ 9 m9es & factories long] h\rs ?an are n[ requir$ ( /rong m52 & ! masses ( p 7 compell$ to pay an artificially high price = _! bread1 9 ord] to increase ! une>n$ weal? ( ! few4 ,& 9 our own c\ntry we ne$ n g back to ! ,salem wit*craft or ! p]secution ( ! ,quak]s4 ,!re are /ill eye-witnesses to tell u t m5 & wom5 9 ?is l& ( ! free1 7 lawfully sold l cattle or flogg$ to dea? at ! w ( _! own]s4 ,x 0 a few mon?s aft] ,que5 ,victoria's accession to ! ?rone t ,elijah ,p>i% ,lovejoy 0 kill$ = d>+ to say t human slav]y 0 wrong--= advocat+1 n =cible abolition1 b gradual emancipation z ! free1 volunt>y act ( ! ma/]1 p]=m$ f a conviction ( its propriety4 ,= ma9ta9+ 8 "r to express 8 op9ions on ?is or any o!r public "q1 he 0 driv5 f place to place & f9ally %ot d[n 9 cold blood4 ,9 ! city :]e #fj ye>s ago he fell1 a m>tyr to ! cause ( free spee*1 a /ately monum5t--"o ( ! mo/ impos+ 9 ! c\ntry--0 ! o!r day d$icat$ to 8 memory4 ,no ,am]ican bett] des]ves a monum5t4 ,no lead] 9 ! ,revolution or ! ,civil ,w> 0 a great] h]o4 ,9 my op9ion1 ! unque/ion$ c\rage ( ! great ,union comm&] is dw>f$ & pal$ by ! simple h]oism ( ?is "y prea*]-editor1 :o gave 8 life to a great] cause ?an ev5 ! pres]vation ( ! ,union4 ,yet = "s ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 9 _m cities ( ?is c\ntry1 x w\ld h be5 haz>d\s = a man to utt] 8 eulogy4 ,"h1 !n1 is a m>k$ advance4 ,b we h n yet obta9$ entire fre$om ( spee* on live topics4 ,0 x n z late z la/ ye> t we he> ( two libr>ians hold+ opposite political views1 ^: positions 7 r5d]$ insecure by an un=tunate misadju/m5t ( longitudes & political op9ions8 ,& n _m miles f "h a score ( good1 e>ne/ m5 7 jail$ = advocat+1 dis9t]e/$ly1 & at consid]able self-sacrifice1 a me?od ( taxation t did n meet ! approval ( ! city au?orities4 ,/ill we h made great progress t[>d a broad tol]ance4 ,we n only p]mit ! practice ( all religi\s =ms1 b we ev5 all[ a man to d5y himself ! consolations ( religion 9 any =m if he *ooses to d s4 ,9 sci5ce1 at lea/1 !re is absolute fre$om ( ?\ght & expression4 ,"o may publi% argum5ts to prove t ! _w is five ?\s&1 or five hundr$ million ye>s old1 & no "o w mole/ or d5\nce him2 or he may ann\nce a new !ory ( ! univ]se ) our moon z ! /ation>y c5tre1 & no /ate or *ur* w ana!matize him or compel him to recant4 ,x is n till he ent]s ! field ( politics1 i4e41 ! discussion ( economic & sociological que/ions ) a view to imm$iate practical results1 t ! advocate ( new ideas rea*es ! dang]-po9t4 ,"h he f9ds ve/$ int]e/s--self-/yl$ ve/$ rights1 b z (t5 ve/$ wrongs--on gu>d & al]t to repel intrusion & resi/ inquiry4 ,^! summon to _! aid ! legions ( unreason+ cons]vatism2 & ! innovator is made to feel ! tru? ( ! say+ t !re is no pa9 s ke5 z ! pa9 ( a new idea--f :i*1 !re=e1 mank9d has always %runk1 z a *ild %r9ks f ! surgeon's knife4 ,we h pass$ ! p]iod ( rack & /ake2 b social & bus9ess o/racism are pretty effective1 :ile occasionally !re are sugge/ions ( t>-buckets or bullets4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 h[ev]1 we cont5t ourselves ) d5\nc+ ! propos] ( any m>k$ dep>ture f exi/+ political or sociological conditions z a sociali/1 a communi/1 & an an>*i/1 us+ ^! t]ms indiscrim9ately z abusive epi!ts )\t any def9ite k ( _! mean+4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( "t e social advance--& until rec5tly e =w>d /ep 9 sci5ce or religion has be5 reg>d$ z m5ac+ ! v f\ndations ( society4 ,! ,re=m ,act ( #ahcb1 :i* simply took ! fir/ /ep t[>ds correct+ ! grosse/ political abuses1 0 look$ ^u by ! ,duke ( ,well+ton & o!r good m5 z ?reat5+ ! v exi/5ce ( ! k+dom4 ,! condition ( affairs !n exi/+1 !y consid]$1 if n ! be/ possible1 at any rate va/ly bett] ?an ! political *aos t w\ld be sure to result f *ange4 ,speak+ on ?is bl9d cons]vative opposition to ! ,re=m ,bill1 ,dr4 ,arnold1 ( ,rugby1 said3 ,all ! resi/ance to ^! natural *anges c effect is to d]ange _! op]ation1 & make !m act viol5tly & mis*iev\sly in/ead ( heal?fully1 or at lea/ h>mlessly4 ,! old /ate ( ?+s is gone pa/ recall1 & all ! ef=ts ( all ! tories _c save x2 b !y may by _! folly1 z !y did 9 ,france1 get u a wild democracy or a milit>y despotism 9 ! room ( x1 in/ead ( lett+ x *ange quietly into :at x is1 m]ely a new modification ( ! old /ate4 ,"o w\ld ?9k t p :o talk aga9/ *ange 7 lit]ally z well z metaphorically bl9d1 & really did n see t ev]y?+ 9 !mselves & ar\nd !m is *ang+ e h\r by ! necess>y law ( its be+4 ,!re is no?+ s revolution>y1 because !re is no?+ s unnatural & s convulsive to society1 z ! /ra9 to keep ?+s fix$1 :5 all ! _w is1 by ! v law ( its creation1 9 et]nal progress2 & ! cause ( all ! evils ( ! _w may be trac$ to t natural b mo/ deadly error ( human indol5ce & corruption--t our bus9ess is to pres]ve & n to improve4 ,9 8 retrospect ( ! ,victorian reign1 9 ! ,june ,review ( ,reviews1 ,w4,t4 ,/ead says3 ,x is to ! /\te/ cons]vatives ( our "t almo/ inconceivable t rational be+s c\ld ev] h def5d$ ! sy/em t prevail$ 9 ,brita9 sixty ye>s ago4 ,i am no m assur$ ( ! ris+ ( to-morr['s sun ?an ,i am t to ! /\te/ cons]vatives ( #aiej1 x w appe> almo/ inconceivable t rational be+s c\ld ev] h def5d$ ! sy/em t prevails 9 ,am]ica to-day4 ,!y w1 h[ev]1 resi/ fur!r progress z dogg$ly z d ! cons]vatives ( to-day1 ev5 :ile ^! see pla9ly h[ absurd 0 ! attitude ( _! pr$ecessors ( sixty ye>s ago4 ,y\r g5u9e cons]vative ev] holds dogg$ly to ?+s z !y are4 ,he cl+s t5aci\sly--& va9ly4 ,he belongs to a p>ty ^: defeat all hi/ory tea*es is =$oom$4 ,n[ he /&s = ! div9e "r ( k+s2 & not)/&+ he is a man ( irreproa*able "* & able1 moreov]1 to %[ t he is mu* less autocratic ?an mo/ ( 8 pr$ecessors1 he loses 8 cr[n & 8 head4 ,aga91 he /&s = ! p>5t c\ntry's unlimit$ p[] ( taxation1 & he =feits 8 mo/ fl\ri%+ colonies4 ,at ano!r p]iod he urges long suff]ance z a ju/ification = cont9u+--ev5 ext5d+--! crime ( slav]y1 & he meets defeat amid slaught] & deva/ation4 ,no repetition ( ! lesson w ev] tea* him to consid] :at is ab/ractly "r--:at ought to be )\t ref]5ce to :at is4 ,b ! cons]vative has to be1 9 accordance ) ! law ( nature1 s poetically ann\nc$ 9 ! song ( ,willis 9 ,iolan!3 ,t e boy & e gal ,t's born into ?is _w alive1 ,is ei!r a little ,lib]al1 ,or else a little ,cons]vative6 ,or1 z ,em]son's prose expresses x-- ,! two p>ties :i* divide ! /ate--! p>ty ( cons]vatism & t ( innovation--are v old & h disput$ ! possession ( ! _w ev] s9ce x 0 made4 ,?is qu>rel is ! subject ( civil hi/ory4 ,! cons]vative p>ty e/abli%$ ! rev]5d hi]>*ies & mon>*ies ( ! mo/ anci5t _w4 ,! battle ( patrician & plebeian1 ( p>5t /ate & colony1 ( old usage & accommodation to new facts1 ( ! ri* & ! poor1 reappe>s 9 all c\ntries & times4444 ,!re is always a c]ta9 meanness 9 ! argum5t ( cons]vatism1 jo9$ ) a c]ta9 sup]iority 9 its fact4 ,x affirms because x holds4 ,its f+]s clut* ! fact1 & x w n op5 its eyes to see a bett] fact4 ,! ca/le :i* cons]vatism is set to def5d is ! actual /ate ( ?+s1 good or bad4 ,! project ( innovation is ! be/ possible /ate ( ?+s4 ,( c\rse cons]vatism always has ! wor/ ( ! argum5t1 is always apologiz+1 plead+ a necessity1 plead+ t to *ange w\ld be to det]iorate4 ,x mu/ saddle itself ) ! m\nta9\s load ( ! viol5ce & ! vice ( society1 mu/ d5y ! possibility ( good1 d5y ideas1 & suspect & /one ! prophets2 :ile innovation is always 9 ! "r1 triumphant1 attack+1 & sure ( f9al success4 ,b ?\gh doom$ to defeat1 cons]vatism is n to be d5\nc$ or condemn$4 ,x is n )\t its uses4 ,x (t5 keeps u f foll[+ untri$ pa?s t op5 out allur+ b end 9 ?ickets or quagmires4 ,a brake is sometimes z necess>y to safety z motive p[] is to progress4 ,b ! usual t5d5cy ( cons]vatism is to keep ! brakes on all ! "t1 caus+ ei!r /agnation1 retrogression1 or a sma%-up4 ,! real revolutioni/ is ! rock-ribb$ cons]vative4 ,x is ! b\ld] block+ ! onw>d fl[ ( ! /ream t causes ! eddy & ! :irlpool4 ,^? :o ?9k on ?is subject & :o really desire ! improvem5t ( society--un=tunately a v small class--are divid$ ov] ! "q :e!r mank9d %all progress by ! pa? ( individualism or by t ( collectivism4 ,extremi/s assure u t ^! pa?s g 9 opposite directions1 or trav]se ea* o!r at "r angles4 ,! tru? is !y run p>allel2 & we h be5 travell+ bo?1 n[ advanc+ m on "o & !n on ! o!r1 t[>ds ! ultimate goal ( humanity--! p]fection ( society ?r\gh ! elevation ( ! individual1 ! p]fection ( ! individual ?r\gh ! improvem5t ( society4 ,ea* helps ! o!r2 nei!r c be indep5d5t ( ! o!r4 ,x (t5 happ5s t organiz$ society _c await ! sl[ process ( individual p]fection4 ,x mu/ accel]ate ! op]ation by *ang+ /&>ds & ideals4 ,!re is no tell+ h[ long x w\ld h requir$ to conv9ce ea* individual slave-own] ( ! wrong ( human slav]y1 or ea* individual m9e & factory own] ( ! wick$ness ( *ild-labor4 ,society _h to take ! matt] 9 h& & =ce individual developm5t--9 "o case by law1 9 ! o!r by ! sword4 ,_m ?\ghtful p]sons are rais+ ! "q :e!r society has n m "w ( ?is k9d ahead ( x4 ,!re c be no individual p]fection or progress "u c]ta9 social conditions4 ,c]emoni\s polit5ess 0 n to be expect$ among ! victims ( ! ,black ,hole ( ,calcutta4 ,/>vation has (t5 l$ to cannibalism among m5 :o w\ld %r9k ) horror f ! ?\ght ( x "u ord9>y conditions4 ,society c create conditions favorable or unfavorable to ! improvem5t ( ! individual4 ,! inevitable outcome ( ! /ruggle betwe5 individualism & collectivism is ! triumph ( ea* 9 its own prop] field4 ,a l9e drawn f ! pa/ to ! pres5t %[s ! tr5d ( ! future4 ,we f9d ?is embody+ two di/9ct1 & app>5tly contradictory1 t5d5cies--"o t[>ds great] individual fre$om1 ! o!r t[>ds a con/ant ext5sion ( ! pr9ciple ( coop]ation1 or collectivism4 ,t is1 organiz$ society leaves ev] great] fre$om to ! individual 9 all ^? ?+s t conc]n only him1 :ile at ! same "t x ext5ds f>!r & f>!r its sup]vision & p]=mance ( ^? ?+s t p]ta9 to ! welf>e ( all1 & :i* society c d = ! individual bett] ?an he c d = himself4 ,a man may kiss 8 wife on ,sunday )\t sc&al or fe> ( prosecution2 & he may dress 9 any mann] he pleases )9 ! b\nds ( conv5tion1 :i* is /ill an unreason+ tyrant4 ,he is g5]ally glad to avail himself ( ! m conv5i5t wat]-supply provid$ by ! community2 b he may1 if he wi%es1 h a well 9 8 y>d1 until1 ) ! gr[? ( ! city1 ?is becomes a m5ace to 8 neighbors' heal?2 !n x mu/ be clos$4 ,he may /ill m\ld 8 own tall[ c&les & use no o!r light if he pref]s2 b coop]ation among consum]s supplies him ) a mu* sup]ior illum9ant2 & :5 ?is coop]ation is ext5d$ to embrace all ! citiz5s--i4e41 :5 gas or electricity is furni%$ by ! municipality1 ! co/ is r$uc$1 & he becomes a p>tn] 9 ! pr(its4 ,( ! b5efits ( municipal coop]ation we _h a signal illu/ration 9 ! introduction ( municipal spr9kl+ 9 ,/4 ,l\is4 ,=m]ly1 ! occupant ( a fifty-foot lot paid a private contractor f #f to #ab a season1 :ile he suff]$ f ! du/ bl[n f 8 neighbors' frontage & f unspr9kl$ /reets all ov] ! city4 ,n[ ! own] ( a fifty-foot lot pays ab\t #a a ye> & enjoys spr9kl$ /reets ?r\gh\t ! :ole city4 ,municipal coop]ation 9 libr>ies br+s ! same k9d ( b5efits4 ,! av]age well-to-d read]1 in/ead ( a five-doll> subscription fee1 pays a doll> tax2 & = t n only he & 8 family1 b also ! families ( 8 neighbors1 h access to a sup]ior libr>y4 ,& x is almo/ z necess>y = y\r com=t t y\r neighbor's *ildr5 h access to a libr>y z = y\r own4 ,:ile social evolution t5ds to relieve ! individual ( ! compulsion ( law1 & also to less5 ! pressure ( public op9ion1 9 ^? affairs t p]ta9 only to 8 own life1 correlatively 8 action is m & m re/rict$ 9 s f> z x affects 8 neighbors & society 9 g5]al--?\gh "h1 too1 law & cu/om t5d m & m to individual fre$om4 ,x 0 once reg>d$ z a public sc&al n to g to *ur*2 & #ej ye>s ago 9 ,/4 ,l\is ,unit>ians 7 %unn$ z suspici\s *>act]s4 ,b p>i passu ) ! gr[? ( individual lib]ty has gr[n ! recognition ( ! duty ( society to see t all p]sons h equal lib]ty--to protect ! weak aga9/ ! /rong4 ,no?+ 9 ,victoria's reign has done m = ! progress ( ,engl& ?an ! s]ies ( acts t h be5 pass$ to curb ! gre$ ( m9e & factory own]s1 to prev5t !m f co9+ ! muscle & manhood ( ,brita9 into gold--9 a way t1 at "o p]iod1 ?reat5$ to exhau/ ! vitality ( ! race--to kill ! goose t lays ! gold5 eggs4 ,! :ole hi/ory ( mank9d is a cont9u\s /ruggle ( ! weak & ignorant _m to secure ! rights )held f !m by ! sup]ior /r5g? & cunn+ ( ! few4 ,! oppression & inju/ice ( ! pa/ are app>5t to all2 b _m ( u1 l ! cons]vative antagoni/s ( ,cobd5 & ,bright1 fail to see any?+ s]i\sly wrong 9 ! pres5t2 &1 l !m1 we fe> *ange4 ,b x is ! "p ( wise m5 to welcome *ange z ! natural ord] ( ! univ]se--to see t x is a *ange = ! bett]4 ,x does n by any means foll[ t e new idea is a good "o1 t e propos$ *ange w\ld be an improvem5t4 ,b z progress is ! law ( ! univ]se1 x re/s ) ! old ord] to %[ :y x %\ld be cont9u$4 ,wisdom1 !re=e1 urges u to give c>eful consid]ation to new ideas1 h[ev] contr>y !y may be to preval5t op9ions1 be>+ 9 m9d ! frequ5t lesson ( hi/ory t ! /one :i* ! build]s reject$1 ! same is become ! head ( ! corn]1 & approa*+ all que/ions 9 ! _s ( ,/4 ,paul's injunction3 ,prove all ?+s2 hold fa/ t :i* is good4 ,= all political & social problems1 :i* are ! burn+ que/ions ( to-day1 !re is1 x seems to me1 a simple te/ 9 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s fir/ pr9ciple3 ,e man may claim ! fulle/ lib]ty to ex]cise 8 faculties compatible ) ! possession ( l lib]ty by e o!r man4 ,legislation t does n squ>e ) ! self-evid5t tru? & ju/ice ( ?is dictum is bad legislation1 & mu/ prove malefic5t to ! nation1 /ate1 or city t enacts x4 ,i ne$ n (f] any mod]n in/ances4 ,reason+ 9 rev]se ord]1 i4e41 f effect to cause1 we may be sure t :5 we see 9 a c\ntry ab\nd+ 9 natural res\rces1 z ours is1 inhabit$ by ! mo/ intellig5t1 en]getic1 & res\rceful p ! _w has ev] se5--:5 we see 9 su* a c\ntry millions ( will+ work]s 9 en=c$ idl5ess2 :51 to acc\nt = ! idl5ess & its att5dant want & de/itution1 we are (f]$ ! absurdity ( ov]-production ( ! v ?+s = :i* millions are suff]+2 :5 we see m5 & wom5 :o toil n revell+ 9 luxury1 :ile o!rs :o labor sixte5 h\rs a day are b>ely able to keep body & s\l toge!r1 we may "k absolutely1 )\t fur!r inve/igation1 t !re is some?+ fundam5tally wrong 9 our social organization4 ,?is is n ! "t or place to po9t out ^! wrongs specifically1 or to advance1 ev5 9 ! mo/ g5]al t]ms1 :at1 aft] mu* ?\ght1 ,i believe to be ! rem$ies4 ,i m]ely urge ! ?\ghtful /udy ( social problems )\t bias or prejudice4 ,?is /ate ( op5m9d$ness is n easy to a*ieve4 ,we ?9k t we ?9k our own ?\ghts2 b z ,t>de1 ! ,fr5* psy*ologi/1 says3 ,:at ! individual hypnotiz] is to 8 sleep+ & abnormally pla/ic subject1 su*1 almo/ precisely1 is society to ! wak+ & normally pla/ic man4#g ,on ! solution ( social problems1 ,ibs5 says3 ,!re is only "o ?+ t avails--to revolutionize p's m9ds4 ,?is 0 a difficult task ab\t s pla9 a matt] z ! ,cop]nican sy/em1 :i* 0 oppos$ by ! comb9$ le>n+ & piety ( ,europe4 ,h[ mu* m difficult mu/ x be :5 ! *ange affects ! e-day life ( e individual8 ,z ,nitti says3 ,_h ! propositions ( ,euclid affect$ economic int]e/s !y w\ld /ill appe> d\btful hypo!ses ( ardu\s solution4 #g ,z1 !n1 9 philosophy ! fir/ /ep is to beg9 by d\bt+ ev]y?+1 s1 9 social philosophy1 ! fir/ /ep is to ?r[ aside all suppos$ absolute rights4--,,jevons4 ,! public libr>y is de/9$ to play an important "p1 to ex]cise an incalculable influ5ce 9 ! solution ( ! social problems ( to-day1 & ?r\gh ?is on ! future ( ! nation & ! race4 ,! wisdom ne$$ = ?is task is n to be obta9$ f s*ools or colleges1 b f ! high] education ( mature m9ds--! masses ( ! p--:i* ! public libr>y alone c give4 ,! prep>ation = ?is high] education ( ! masses devolves on ! s*ools & colleges4 ,_! curricula %\ld be s arrang$ z to ar\se hi/oric consci\sness 9 ! y\nge/ *ild1 to awak5 social consci\sness1 & to provide = its cont9u\s developm5t by />t+ e boy & girl on a c>e] ( self-culture--by matriculat+ e *ild 9 ! ,p's ,univ]sity1 ! ,public ,libr>y4 ,9 affairs t conc]n society z a :ole1 x is bett] to tru/ ! well-in=m$ common-s5se ( ! p ?an ! le>n+ ( ! s*oolm54 ,x is n k ( ma!matics or physics1 or ,greek & ,lat91 or mod]n languages2 x is n ! /udy--academic /udy--( hi/ory1 or philosophy1 or ev5 political economy1 t w solve ! great social problems t n[ confront u4 ,^! w help 9 v>i\s degrees1 directly or indirectly1 "s m1 "s less1 "s1 p]haps1 n at all4 ,a k ( ! g5]al c\rse ( hi/ory is ess5tial2 "s acqua9tance ) philosophy is useful2 dogmatic !ology s]ves only to confuse1 b ! true religion t lies 9 a vital acceptance ( ,*ri/'s two comm&m5ts z a summ>y ( ! law & ! prophets--t is ! greate/ aid ( all4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 is ! influ5ce ( e/abli%$ ord] on m5's m9ds t no inve/igation w avail )\t a det]m9ation to take no?+ = grant$1 to re-exam9e :at h be5 consid]$ basic pr9ciples1 to accept no po/ulates t d n squ>e ) reason & ju/ice4 ,?is _c be done by conf9+ our read+ to ! accept$ /&>ds ( a g5]ation or a c5tury ago4 ,we mu/ keep abrea/ ( ! ?\ght ( ! "t2 we mu/ keep our eyes & e>s1 & /ill m our m9ds1 op52 we mu/ scorn no aids to enlight5m5t2 b we mu/ d our own ?9k+2 we mu/ consid] ! idea1 n ! s\rce f :i* x came1 rememb]+ t good may come out ( ,naz>e?2 we mu/ live up to ! motto2 ,tru? = au?ority1 n au?ority = tru?1 & we mu/ l5d a h&4 ,my fai? 9 ! efficacy ( ! education (f]$ by ! public libr>y is n )\t f\ndation4 ,9 m ?an "o case ,i h se5 a c\rse ( lectures or ! read+ ( a s+le book lead to a c\rse ( read+ 9 economics & sociology1 :i* has entirely *ang$ po9ts ( view4 ,new ideals1 high] /&>ds1 h made new m5 ) high] l9es ( action4 ,_! natures h n be5 *ang$1 b _! visions h be5 cl>ifi$4 ,"o ( ! /ock argum5ts :i* cons]vatism always br+s out to give a f9al quietus to any proposal = social re=m1 is--,oh1 t's impossible2 y'd h to *ange human nature6 ,?is m5tal attitude1 :i*1 ,i am sorry to say1 is ! prevail+ "o ) ! great majority ( mank9d1 is admirable satiriz$ 9 "s v]ses :i* ,i _h great pleasure 9 pr9t+ 9 ! ,april numb] ( ! ,/4 ,l\is ,public ,libr>y ,magaz9e3 ,!re 0 once a ,neoli?ic ,man1 an ent]pris+ wight1 ,:o made 8 simple in/rum5ts unusually bright1 ,unusually clev] he1 unusually brave4 ,& he sket*$ delightful mammo?s on ! bord] ( 8 cave1 ,to 8 ,neoli?ic neighbors :o 7 />tl$ & surpris$1 ,said he3 ,my fri5ds1 9 c\rse ( "t we %all be civiliz$6 ,we are go+ to live 9 cities & build *ur*es & make laws6 ,we are go+ to eat ?ree times a day )\t ! natural cause6 ,we're go+ to turn life upside d[n ab\t a ?+ call$ ,gold6 ,we're go+ to want ! e>?1 & take z mu* z we c hold6 ,we are go+ to we> a pile ( /uff outside our prop] sk9s2 ,we're go+ to h ,diseases6 & ,accompli%m5ts66 & ,s9s666 ,!n !y all rose up 9 fury aga9/ ?is boa/ful fri5d ,= prehi/oric pati5ce comes quickly to an end4 ,said "o1 ,?is is *im]ical6 ,uptopian6 ,absurd6 ,said ano!r1 ,:at a /upid life6 ,too dull1 ^u my ^w6 ,cri$ all1 ,be=e su* ?+s c come1 y idiotic *ild1 ,y mu/ alt] ,human ,nature6 & !y all sat back & smil$6 ,?\ght !y1 ,an answ] to t la/ x w be h>d to f9d6 ,x 0 a cl9*+ argum5t--to ! ,neoli?ic ,m9d6 ,yes1 great progress & re=m c be accompli%$ )\t *ang+ human nature4 ,! elem5tal =ces 9 ! he>t ( man are ! same n[ z 9 ! e>lie/ record$ ages1 & !y are likely to rema9 ! same = all "t to come4 ,we _c *ange ! elem5ts ( man's nature2 b by *ang+ conditions we c improve ! product ( reaction4 ,we c elevate conduct by elevat+ ideals4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ! man :o c\ld wield ! heavie/ battle-axe 0 ! greate/ man2 & !re are /ill circles 9 :i* ,corbett & ,fitzsimmons are reg>d$ z ! greate/ m5 ( ! pres5t day4 ,b ! m5 :o n[ excite mo/ g5]al admiration are our capta9s ( indu/ry1 ! m5 :o succe$ 9 gett+ money & ! luxury & p[] x comm&s4 ,h[ %all we elevate our national ideals8 ,selfi%ness is a ma9spr+ ( human action4 ,a l motive1 desire = happ9ess1 sets m5 to fight+ dogs & to f\nd+ hospitals4 ,n]o f\nd pleasure 9 "o way1 ,m>cus ,aurelius 9 ano!r4 ,*>les ,i4 & ,l\is ,,xvi4 7 n bad m52 b !y 7 controll$ by outgr[n /&>ds4 ,elizabe?1 ,napoleon1 ,pet]1 & ,ca!r9e ( ,russia s\ght _! own pleasure 9 accordance ) _! p]sonal *>act]s & ! /&>ds ( _! times4 ,b h[ mu* high] & pur] pleasure ! devotion ( _! tal5ts to ! s]vice ( _! fell[m5 br\ght to ,wa%+ton1 ,jeff]son & ,l9coln1 ,cobd51 ,bright & ,glad/one--& ,john ,p\nds6 ,false /&>ds1 l[ ideals1 n[ lead _m good m5 to f9d _! pleasure1 n 9 cruelty1 n 9 s5suality1 b 9 ! accumulation ( weal?1 p>tly = ! luxury1 *iefly = ! p[] x br+s4 ,sup]fluity comes soon] by :ite hairs1 b compet5cy lives long]4 ,) ! spread ( intellig5ce & ?\ght1 & ! consequ5t elevation ( popul> ideals1 m5 possess$ ( millions w n seek to add to _! l>ge legitimate ga9s by legaliz$ robb]y f _! fell[-citiz5s2 & p call+ !mselves ,*ri/ians w n rejoice 9 ! di/ress & />vation ( _! fell[-m5 across ! ocean4 ,m5 w /ill be selfi% b _! selfi%ness w at lea/ be on a high] plane--less int5se1 less de/ructive ( ess5tial rights4 ,h[ %all we mo/ spe$ily br+ ab\t ?is desir$ consummation8 ,by :at ag5cy c we mo/ effectively elevate our national ideals8 ,by ext5d+ & improv+ our sy/em ( popul> education1 by rev]s+ ! usual ord] & beg9n+ :]e s*ool curricula n[ end1 by plac+ our s*ool-*ildr5 f _! e>lie/ ye>s 9 close & famili> contact ) ! life & ?\ght ( ! race z express$ 9 lit]ature1 by excit+ 9 e *ild admiration & emulation ( ! _w's true h]oes1 by fe$+ ! imag9ation & cultivat+ ! moral faculties1 by putt+ e *ild into ! way ( acquir+ a social & a hi/oric p]spective4 ,i suppose ,i am "o ( ^? simple-m9d$ vision>y optimi/s ( :om ,pr(4 ,royce speaks4 ,b ,i d n dislike economic facts 9 ! s5se ( ignor+ !m1 & ,i am n bl9d to ! p]si/5ce ( ! elem5tal =ces ( human nature4 ,b z ! abolition ( slav]y *ang$ m5's m5tal attitude t[>ds ?is social crime1 )\t at all *ang+ human nature1 j s ,i believe t ! adoption ( o!r social re=ms w\ld 9 a g5]ation cause all m5 to look ) horror & wond] ^u social inju/ice t ne>ly e "o n[ ignores or reg>ds z irrem$iable & inevitable4 ,i %>e ,rusk9's scorn ( ! ^w ,utopian4 ,a ?+ is ei!r possible or impossible4 ,z ,c>lyle says1 ,! actual f9al rights ( man lie 9 ! f> deeps ( ! ideal4 ,e noble "w is at fir/ impossible4 ,9 ! ,a4,l4,a4 we h he>d ! ^w ,utopian1 or its equival5t1 on m ?an "o occasion met by ! motto1 ,hit* y\r wagon to a />2 & we h se5 ! impracticable an accompli%$ fact4 ,if "t p]mitt$ ,i might risk ridicule by pres5t+ "s features ( ! vision t ,i see ) ! eye ( fai? 9 an all-wise & all-p[]ful ,creat] & belief 9 human p]fectibility z an inf9ite progress4 ,die ,zukunft decket ,s*m]z5 & ,gluecke ,s*rittweis' dem ,blicke2 ,do* unges*recket1 ,dr+5 wir vorwa]ts4 ,new occasions tea* new duties2 ,"t makes anci5t good unc\?6 ,!y mu/ upw>d /ill & onw>d ,:o w\ld keep abrea/ ) tru?4 ,,index ,abbott1 ,abiel1 libr>y pione]1 #agb4 ,adams1 ,brooks1 quot$1 #ha4 ,adams1 ,*>les ,francis1 tru/ee ( ,crane ,libr>y1 ,qu9cy1 #cjh4 ,adams1 ,john ,qu9cy1 quot$1 #bid4 ,adams1 ,mat!w1 l5ds books to ,frankl91 #acc4 ,adams libr>y1 ,qu9cy1 ,mass41 #caj4 ,adaptation ( ,libr>ies to ,con/itu5cies1 pap]1 by ,s4,s4 ,gre52 9 full1 #cjg4 ,add+ham1 ,eng41 home ( ,rob]t ,colly]1 #aje4 ,addison1 ,joseph1 quot$1 #chi4 ,address at ! d$ication ( ! ,libr>y ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 by ,talcott ,williams2 9 full1 #cfe4 ,alex&] ! ,great1 quot$1 #afa4 ,alex&rian ,libr>y1 de/ruction (1 #cgg4 ,allegh5y1 ,pa41 gift ( cons]vatories1 #db4 ,alt]natives to tax-support2 g5]al editorial introduction1 #bea4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian ,soc'y1 #cac4 ,am]ican ,libr>y ,ass'n1 "w (1 #gj2 catalogue prais$4 ,am]ican ,magaz9e ( ,civics1 article f1 #afi4 ,am]icans1 book by ,mun/]b]g1 *apt] quot$1 #gi4 ,am]icans z lov]s ( books1 #ah4 ,am]icanization1 a libr>y function1 #cbf4 ,ames1 ,ohio1 ,public ,libr>y1 #bf1 #afd4 ,&]son1 ,col4 ,james1 prais$ by ,c>negie1 #ci4 ,angell1 ,james ,burrill1 address at ,gr& ,rapids libr>y op5+2 9 "p1 #dbe2 sket* (1 #dbe4 ,arbor1 ,mi*41 libr>y1 #bg4 ,argum5ts = public support ( public libr>ies1 pap] by ,william ,e4 ,fo/]1 9 full1 #bae4 ,arnold1 ,mat!w1 introduction to ,wordswor?'s poems1 #bii2 quot$1 #cch4 ,arnold1 ,dr4 ,?omas1 on ! ,re=m ,bill1 #def4 ,art ,gall]y & ,s*ool1 ,h>t=d1 ,conn41 #adh4 ,art ,s*ool1 ,bo/on2 ,b4,f4 ,butl]'s attack on1 #fe4 ,art works z donations1 #dd4 ,association ,libr>ies1 #ba4 ,a/or1 ,john ,jacob1 libr>y gift1 #di4 ,a/or ,libr>y1 #cj1 #aje4 ,atk9son ,free ,libr>y1 ,s\?port1 ,eng41 #bjh4 ,atlanta ,conf]5ce1 talk by ,melvil ,dewey at1 #ge4 ,auditoriums z donations1 #de4 ,au?or's ,league1 ,n4,y41 ,c>negie d9n]1 #cc4 ,bacon1 ,francis1 quot$1 #id4 ,baird1 ,h5ry ,c>ey1 quot$1 #chd4 ,bakala1 ,walla*ian peasant1 leg5d (1 #ib4 ,baltimore1 ,md41 ,eno* ,pratt ,libr>y1 #ci2 ,peabody ,in/itute1 #cj4 ,b>b]1 ,h5ry ,h]vey1 article by1 #afi2 sket* (1 #afi4 ,b>n>d1 ,h5ry1 anecdote (1 #gf4 ,b>r ,bran*1 ,/4 ,l\is1 #ddf4 ,ba?s z donations1 #de4 ,bellevue ,hospital1 ,n4,y4 ,city1 gift to1 #db4 ,beque/s1 effect (1 #cd4 ,b]g51 ,norway1 p>ks 91 #dc4 ,b]keley1 ,gov41 opposes free s*ools1 #agf4 ,bill+s1 ,dr4 ,john ,%aw1 article on public libr>ies1 9 full1 #cbi2 biog4 sket* (1 #cbi2 pione] 9 int]libr>y "w1 #che4 ,birge1 ,edw>d ,asahel1 address at ,madison1 9 full1 #aji2 sket* (1 #aji4 ,birm+ham 7,eng47 ,free ,libr>y1 #da1 #age1 #bjg4 ,blackpool ,free ,libr>y report1 quot$1 #bjf4 ,blair1 ,rev4 ,james1 libr>y (1 #bj4 ,bo>ds ( ,tru/ees2 g5]al editorial introduction1 #bfe4 ,see also ,,tru/ees4 ,bodleian ,libr>y1 rule (1 #cec4 ,bo]s1 *>act]iz$1 #bbg4 ,bolton 7,eng47 ,free ,libr>y f\nd$1 #bij4 ,book ,committee ( libr>y bo>d1 #bge4 ,book-read]s1 :o are8 #bbb4 ,book-selection1 #cea4 ,books & ,life1 address by ,edw>d ,a4 ,birge2 9 full1 #aji4 ,books & ! 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91 #agd4 ,new ,j]sey1 s*ool libr>ies 91 #bh4 ,new ,orleans1 wi%es no free libr>y1 #bcc4 ,new ,york ,city1 no free public libr>y 9 7#ahhe71 #bcc4 ,new ,york ,free ,circulat+ ,libr>y2 address 9 its favor by ,grov] ,clevel&2 9 full1 #aci4 ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y1 #aci4 ,new ,york ,society ,libr>y1 #be4 ,new ,york ,/ate1 libr>ies 91 #bg2 failure ( di/rict libr>ies1 #bi2 public libr>ies dep>tm5t1 #aia2 travell+ libr>ies 91 #agd1 #aia4 ,newburyport1 ,mass41 libr>y /ati/ics 7#ahhe71 #bcd4 ,newca/le-on-,tyne libr>y1 #bji4 ,newport1 ,r4,i41 libr>y at1 #be4 ,news1 triviality (1 #ic4 ,newspap]s z aids to libr>ies1 #bfa2 influ5ce (1 #ahf1 #dae4 ,nitti1 quot$1 #dfa4 ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 quot$1 #cc4 ,nor? ,brookfield1 ,mass41 op5+ address at ,ha/on ,libr>y1 #cha4 ,nor?we/ ,t]ritory1 ord9ance ( #aghg1 #bdd4 ,norwi*1 ,eng41 libr>y report quot$1 #baa4 ,notes1 mak+ (1 on books1 #dbi4 ,objections to libr>ies classifi$1 #bia4 ,o',bri51 ,m4,d41 argum5t aga9/ public support ( libr>ies2 9 full1 #bja2 answ]$ by ,w4,e4 ,fo/]1 #bae4 ,ohio1 s*ool libr>ies 91 #bh4 ,old & ,new1 pap] quot$ f1 #ee4 ,olneyville1 ,r4,i41 read+ room 91 #djh4 ,oregon1 s*ool libr>ies 91 #bh4 ,organization ( tru/ees1 #bgd4 ,osborne1 ,mr41 gift to ,bellevue ,hospital1 ,n4,y41 #db4 ,osborne1 ,mrs4 ,c4,j41 ,yale donor1 #ch4 ,pack]1 ,asa1 beque/1 #cg4 ,page1 ,fa!r1 ,n4,y4 libr>y pione]1 #agb4 ,palm]1 ,sir ,r\ndell1 opposes ,briti% libr>y act1 #bij4 ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,j4,q4 ,adams on1 #bid4 ,p>ks z donations1 #db4 ,peabody ,libr>y1 ,baltimore1 #cj4 ,peabody ,museum1 ,h>v>d1 #ch4 ,p5n1 ,william1 booklov]1 #ai4 ,p5nsylvania ,libr>y ,club1 pap] repr9t$1 #fg4 ,p5nsylvania ,univ]sity ,libr>y1 address at d$ication2 9 full1 #cfe4 ,peoples ,univ]sity1 libr>y z !1 #abf4 ,peoria1 ,ill41 ,m]cantile ,libr>y1 #agi4 ,p]iodicals1 use (1 #cef4 ,p]k9s1 ,fr$]ic ,bee*]1 pap] giv5 9 full1 #bca2 biog4 sket* (1 #bca2 quot$1 #bgd4 ,pet]boro1 ,n4,h41 free libr>y1 #agb4 ,philadelphia ,c5t5nial1 effects (1 #ade4 ,philadelphia1 no public libr>y 9 7#ahhe71 #bcc4 ,philadelphia ,liby ,co41 f\nd$ by ,frankl91 #ba2 #acc4 ,phillips1 ,jona?an1 #ej4 ,phillips1 ,w5dell1 on education1 #ccd4 ,phipps1 ,h5ry1 p>tn] ( ,c>negie donations to ,allegh5y1 #db1 #ch4 ,pi]ce1 ,brad=d ,k9ney1 pap] by1 9 full1 #cig2 biog4 sket* (1 #cig4 ,pittsfield1 ,mass41 libr>y addresses at1 #big4 ,pittsburgh te*nical room1 #aba4 ,plea = ,lib]ty1 essays1 extracts f1 #bja2 quot$1 #baf4 ,plut>*1 quot$1 #cf4 ,political meet+s 9 a libr>y1 #ddf4 ,poole1 ,reub5 ,brooks1 pap] on *oice ( books1 9 full1 #cea2 biog4 sket* (1 #cea4 ,poole1 ,william ,fr$]ick1 pap] on objections to libr>ies1 #bhg2 sket* (1 #bhg2 libr>y /udy plan1 #bci4 ,poole's ,index1 #bhg2 value (1 #cef4 ,portl&1 ,me41 libr>y1 #be4 ,possibilities ( ,public ,libr>ies 9 ,manufactur+ ,communities2 pap] by ,m9]va ,a4 ,s&]s2 9 full1 #dja4 ,pratt1 ,eno*1 prais$ by ,c>negie1 #cc4 ,pratt ,in/itute te*nical room1 #aba4 ,pratt ,libr>y1 ,baltimore1 #ci4 ,preface1 #e4 ,presid5tial ,address 7,a4,l4,a471 by ,joseph ,n4 ,l>n$2 9 full1 #daa4 ,pretl[1 ,m>y ,d4 7,cabanne ,bran*1 ,/4 ,l\is71 quot$1 #ddh4 ,private libr>ies 9 ! colonies1 #bj4 ,probable ,intellectual & ,moral ,outcome ( ! ,rapid ,increase ( ,public ,libr>ies2 pap] by ,rev4 ,dr4 ,b4,k4 ,pi]ce2 9 full1 #cig4 ,protection ( ,majorities & ,o!r ,essays1 by ,j4,p4 ,qu9cy1 quot$1 #ee4 ,provid5ce1 ,r4,i41 ,public ,libr>y1 #be1 #hd1 #cad4 ,provision ( ,books2 g5]al editorial introduction1 #cdi4 ,public ,libr>y & ! ,public1 pap] by ,fr$]ic ,bee*] ,p]k9s2 9 full1 #bca4 ,public ,libr>y 9 ,am]ican ,life1 extract f book by ,hugo ,mun/]b]g1 #gi4 ,public ,libr>y2 its ,uses to ! ,municipality1 article by ,dr4 ,john ,s4 ,bill+s2 9 full1 #cbi4 ,public ,libr>y1 functions classifi$1 #cdj4 ,public1 desires (1 #aic4 ,public ,support ( libr>ies oppos$1 #bja2 advocat$1 #bae4 ,putnam1 ,h]b]t1 pap] on libr>ies & ! community2 9 full1 #cae2 biog4 sket* (1 #cae4 ,qualifications ( a libr>ian 7,dewey71 #aia2 7,gre571 #bha2 ( tru/ees 7,gre571 #bgb4 ,quigley1 ,m>g]y ,closey2 report on social c5tre "w 9 ,/4 ,l\is2 9 "p1 #ddc2 biog4 sket*1 #ddc4 ,qu9cy1 ,josiah1 sugge/s ,mass4 libr>y act1 #bhi4 ,qu9cy1 ,josiah ,p41 pap] 9 full1 #ee2 biog4 sket*1 #ee4 ,qu9cy1 ,mass4 ,crane ,libr>y1 #cjh2 plan ( we$+ out1 #cji2 ,adams collection1 #caj4 ,rac9e1 ,wis41 s*ool att5dance 91 #aaj4 ,raleigh1 ,sir ,walt]1 #ah4 ,raphael1 ,italian arti/1 #aff4 ,ray1 ,dr4 ,isaac1 quot$1 #eg4 ,reade's ,griffi? ,gaunt condemn$ by ,j4,p4 ,qu9cy1 #eg4 ,read]s1 classes (1 #cja4 ,read+1 enc\ragem5t (1 #cdf2 ( libr>ians1 #dbj4 ,read+-rooms1 #daa2 z educators1 #djf4 ,reclus1 ,elisee1 quot$1 #bbg4 ,recreation1 see ,,ent]ta9m5t4 ,r$wood ,libr>y1 ,newport1 #be4 ,ref]5ce "w1 #chi4 ,re=m ,act 7,briti%7 ( #ahcb1 #dee4 ,relation ( ,free ,public ,libr>ies to ! ,community1 article by ,h]b]t ,putnam2 9 full1 #cae4 ,relation ( ! ,/ate to ! ,public ,libr>y2 /atem5t by ,melvil ,dewey2 9 full1 #ahe4 ,res]voir libr>ies1 sugge/$ by ,pres4 ,eliot1 #cjg4 ,revolv+ ,libr>y ( ,york & ,kitt]y1 ,me41 #be4 ,rhode ,isl&1 s*ool libr>ies 91 #bh4 ,ri*>d ,sugd5 ,libr>y1 ,sp5c]1 ,mass41 op5+ address1 #aja4 ,ripley1 ,george1 anecdote (1 #ajb4 ,r\sseau1 ,confessions1 favorite ( ,em]son1 #ie4 ,ry]son ,libr>y ,build+1 ,gr& ,rapids1 ,mi*41 address at d$ication1 #dbe4 ,/4 ,l\is1 fiction pur*ases 91 #cba2 no free public libr>y 9 7#ahhe71 #bcc4 ,/4 ,l\is ,libr>y ,s*ool1 #e4 ,/4 ,l\is ,public ,libr>y1 social c5tre "w at1 #ddc2 ,libr>y ,bo>d quot$1 #cdj2 ,public ,libr>y ,magaz9e quot$1 #dfc4 ,/4 ,l\is ,_w's ,fair1 #ccc4 ,/4 ,paul1 quot$1 #dfj4 ,salem1 ,mass41 ,social ,libr>y1 #be4 ,san ,francisco ,public ,libr>y1 pap] ab\t1 #bca2 /ati/ics 7#ahhe7 #bcd4 ,s&]s1 ,m9]va ,am&a1 pap] by1 9 full1 #dja2 biog4 sket* (1 #dja4 ,s*ola/ic libr>ies 9 ! colonies1 #bj4 ,s*ool & libr>y co-op]ation1 #dbf4 ,s*ool att5dance1 increase (1 #aaj4 ,s*ool ,di/rict libr>ies1 #bg2 failure 9 ,n4,y4 & ,mi*41 #bi2 describ$ by ,b>b]1 #aga4 ,s*ool v]sus libr>y1 #ccg4 ,s*ools1 free1 oppos$1 #bja4 ,scotl&1 travell+ libr>ies 91 #aga4 ,scott's novels comm5d$1 #bid4 ,seav]1 ,mayor1 advocates libr>y 9 ,bo/on1 #ec4 ,s5eca1 quot$1 #afd4 ,s5tim5t1 "p play$ by1 9 public in/itutions1 #cbi4 ,sev] ,hall1 ,h>v>d1 #ch4 ,%akespe>e1 ,william1 #afc4 ,%akesp]iana 9 libr>ies1 #cbg4 ,%effield ,sci5tific ,s*ool1 #ch4 ,sib?orp1 ,col41 opposes ,briti% libr>y act1 #bij4 ,simon1 ,jules1 on education1 #ccd4 ,smi?1 ,capt4 ,john1 booklov]1 #ai4 ,smok+ 9 libr>ies1 #abb4 ,social ,c5tre1 libr>y z a1 #dcc1 #dci2 9 ,/4 ,l\is1 #ddc4 ,social consci\sness1 gr[? (1 #ac4 ,social ,libr>ies1 f\ndation (1 #agj2 9 ,salem1 ,mass41 #be4 ,social meet+s 9 a libr>y1 #ddg4 ,socialism oppos$1 #bja4 ,socialization1 tr5d t[>d1 #ae4 ,society ,libr>y1 ,n4,y4 ,city1 #be4 ,"s ,popul> ,objections to ,public ,libr>ies1 pap] by ,william ,f4 ,poole1 9 full1 #bhg4 ,s\le1 ,*>les ,c>roll1 pap] by1 #bga2 sket* (1 #bga4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 colonial libr>ies 91 #bd4 ,s\!y1 ,rob]t1 quot$1 #ib4 ,s\?port1 ,eng41 free libr>y1 #bjh4 ,sp5c]1 ,h]b]t1 opposes free education1 #bja2 opposes free libr>ies1 #agh1 #bib2 quot$1 #dfj4 ,sp5c]1 ,mass41 ,sugd5 ,libr>y1 #aja4 ,sp5s]1 ,edmund1 quot$1 #ig4 ,sp(=d1 ,a4,r41 quot$1 #eg4 ,spr+] ,hall1 ,c9c9nati1 #de4 ,spr+field1 ,mass4 libr>y /ati/ics 7#ahhe71 #bcd4 ,spr+field ,republican1 pap] f1 #beg4 ,/ages ( libr>ies1 six1 #ag4 ,/an=d1 ,lel&1 beque/1 #cg4 ,/ati/ics ( ,am]ican libr>ies 7#ahgf71 #bhi2 7#ahhe71 #bcd4 ,/ead1 ,william ,t41 quot$1 #def4 ,/e>ns1 ,lutie ,e41 pap] on social c5tres1 9 full1 #dci4 ,/ev5s ,po9t ,libr>y1 #abc4 ,/ory1 ,*ief ,ju/ice1 quot$1 #aej4 ,/reet1 ,augu/us1 ,yale donor1 #ch4 ,subscription libr>ies1 #ba4 ,sugd51 ,ri*>d1 gives libr>y to ,sp5c]1 ,mass41 #aja2 sket* (1 #ajb4 ,sunday op5+1 ,allegh5y p>ks1 #dc4 ,swimm+ pools z gifts1 #df4 ,t>bell1 ,ida1 quot$1 #ddf4 ,t>bell1 ,m4 ,anna1 pap] by1 9 full1 #beg4 ,t>de1 ,gabriel1 quot$1 #dfa4 ,taunton1 ,mass41 libr>y /ati/ics 7#ahhe71 #bcd4 ,taxation1 dread (1 #bia2 = libr>y support1 #bdc1 #ccj2 use = fiction circulation oppos$1 #fj4 ,taylor1 ,w9ifr$ ,l\ise1 pap] by1 9 full1 #chg2 biog4 sket* (1 #chg4 ,tea*]1 libr>ian z a1 #cie4 ,tea*+1 ,n4,y4 inve/igation (1 #gg4 ,te*nical rooms 9 libr>ies1 #aba2 use 9 libr>ies1 #bch4 ,te*nical tra9+1 gr[? (1 #aaj4 ,t]m ( (fice ( tru/ees1 #bgb4 ,?aw1 ,william1 ,pittsburgh donor1 #cg4 ,ticknor1 ,george1 extract f ,life & ,lett]s giv5 at l5g?1 #di2 sket* (1 #di2 lett] to ,edw>d ,ev]ett1 #agf4 ,ticknor ,spani% collection1 ,bo/on #cbg4 ,tild51 ,samuel ,j41 beque/1 #afi2 w-conte/1 #cd4 ,tom ,sawy]'s f5ce1 #dbb4 ,translations comm5d$1 #if4 ,travell+ ,libr>ies1 ,scot*1 #aga2 ,au/ralian1 #aga2 ,new ,york /ate1 #agd1 #aia1 #caf4 ,treasur] ( ,libr>y ,bo>d1 #bgd4 ,trumbull1 ,j4 ,hammond1 libr>ian1 #adh4 ,trumbull collection1 ,h>t=d1 #chc4 ,tru/ees1 ,bo>ds (1 #bfe2 duties (1 #bgi2 /&po9t 9 libr>y "w1 #bfa2 ,a4,l4,a4 section1 #bfe4 ,tru/ees ( ,free ,public ,libr>ies1 pap]1 by ,*>les ,c4 ,s\le1 9 full1 #bga4 ,two ,fundam5tals1 pap] by ,m>y ,salome ,cutl] ,fair*ild1 #fg4 ,tyl]1 ,moses ,coit1 pap] by1 #ag2 sket* (1 #ag4 ,union ,/41 ,bo/on2 ,frankl9's h\se1 #ace4 ,unit>ianism 9 ,/4 ,l\is1 #dfj4 ,univ]sities1 f\ndation (1 #cf4 ,univ]sity libr>ies 9 ,u4,s41 #hj2 )\t a libr>y1 #cgj4 ,use ( ! ,public ,libr>y1 address by ,james ,b4 ,angell2 9 "p1 #dbe4 ,usefulness ( ,libr>ies 9 ,small ,t[ns1 pap] by ,!resa ,we/ 7n[ ,mrs4 ,elm5dorf7 9 full1 #cei4 ,utley1 ,h5ry ,munson1 pap] by1 9 full1 #bdc2 sket* (1 #bdc4 ,v&]bilt gift to ,columbia1 #db2 to ,v&]bilt ,univ]sity1 #ch4 ,ve/$ rights1 influ5ce (1 #dee4 ,victorian ,reign1 retrospect (1 #def4 ,villi]s1 ,*>les1 quot$1 #ded4 ,v9c5nes1 ,ind41 libr>y1 #bf4 ,virg9ia1 s*ool libr>ies 91 #bh4 ,wadswor? ,a!naeum1 #adg2 addresses at ! op5+ ( its libr>y 9 ,h>t=d1 ,conn41 #ade4 ,walla*ian leg5d1 #ib1 #bbf4 ,wal?am1 ,mass41 /ati/ics (1 #djc4 ,w>n]1 ,*as4 ,dudley1 op5+ address at ,h>t=d libr>y1 #ade2 biog4 sket*1 #ade4 ,wa%+ton1 ,life (1 inspiration to ,l9coln1 #big4 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c41 libr>ies (1 #hj4 ,watk9son1 libr>y donor1 #adh4 ,watk9son ,libr>y1 ,trumbull collection1 #chc4 ,wausaukee ,libr>y1 #abc4 ,well+ton1 ,duke (1 opposes ,re=m ,bill1 #def4 ,wesley1 ,john1 quot$1 #dba4 ,we/1 ,sir ,alg]non1 quot$1 #dec4 ,we/1 ,!resa1 see ,,elm5dorf4 ,:at a ,libr>y ,%\ld be & ,:at ,x ,c ,d2 talk by ,melvil ,dewey1 #ge4 ,:at ( ! ,future8 address by ,fr$]ick ,m4 ,crund52 9 full1 #dec4 ,:]e ,neighbors ,meet2 ,/4 ,l\is report by ,m>g]y ,quigley1 9 "p1 #ddc4 ,wigan1 ,eng41 ,libr>y report quot$1 #bjh4 ,wilcox1 ,william1 ,engli% booksell]1 fri5d ( ,frankl91 #acc4 ,william & ,m>y ,college libr>y1 #bj4 ,williams1 ,rog]1 booklov]1 #ai4 ,williams1 ,talcott1 address at libr>y d$ication1 9 full1 #cfe2 biog4 sket* (1 #cfe4 ,williamson beque/ to ,phila41 #cd4 ,w9sl[1 ,edw>d1 booklov]1 #ai4 ,w9sl[1 ,dr4 ,=bes1 quot$1 #eg4 ,w9sor1 ,ju/91 ,sup't ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y1 #bhj2 promotes int]libr>y loans1 #chd4 ,w9?rop1 ,rob]t ,c41 quot$1 #acd4 ,w9?rops1 !1 booklov]s1 #ai4 ,w9y>d1 ,s4,c41 libr>y1 #bd4 ,wiscons9 ,libr>y ,ass'n1 address be=e1 #aji4 ,wiscons9 ,libr>y fund us$ = milit>y purposes1 #aea2 s*ool libr>ies 91 #bh4 ,wiscons9 ,univ]sity1 #aji4 ,wom5 z libr>y f\nd]s 9 ,mi*igan1 #bg2 libr>y "w )1 #aaf2 clubs 9 libr>ies1 #ddj2 aids to libr>ies1 #bfj4 ,worce/]1 ,mass41 libr>y /ati/ics 7#ahhe71 #bcd2 ,public ,libr>y1 #ff1 #bci1 #bgi2 disposition ( old books 91 #cac4 ,wordswor?1 ,william1 quot$1 #hi2 poems (1 #bii4 ,work+m5 & libr>ies1 #bji4 ,_w's ,libr>y ,congress ( #ahic1 pap] read at1 #cjg4 ,wy]1 ,james ,i41 ,jr41 sugge/ion ackn[l$g$1 #e4 ,yale ,art ,s*ool1 #ch2 college libr>y1 #bj4 ,y>m\?1 ,eng41 ,libr>y report quot$1 #bjh4 ,york1 ,me41 ,revolv+ ,libr>y1 #be4 ,york%ire1 ,eng41 home ( ,ri*>d ,sugd51 #ajc4 ,"y ,m5's ,in/itute ,libr>y1 ,h>t=d1 ,conn41 #adg4 ,"y ,m5's ,society ,libr>y1 ,detroit1 #bg4 ,zion's ,h]ald1 pap] by editor1 #cig4 ,zos9ius1 hi/ory1 inaccessible1 #aea4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,?is book consi/s ( multiple contributions by v>i\s au?ors4 ,inconsi/5cies 9 ! spell+ ( ,prop] ,names h be5 reta9$4 ,o!r in/ances ( que/ionable spell+ & ev5 m que/ionable gramm> h be5 reta9$4 ,h[ev]1 ! foll[+ typographical corrections h be5 made4 ,page #h 7,orations & ,spee*es1 ,bo/on1 #ahei2 ,vol4 ,,iii4 7,orations & ,spee*es1 ,bo/on1 #ahei2 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,page #ef taxation ( t[ns & small muncipalities4 taxation ( t[ns & small municipalities4 ,page #eg physicians h agre$ z to ! influ5ce !y ex]t physicians h agre$ z to ! influ5ce !y ex]t4 ,page #ia %ort-cut to le>n+1 b t !re may be1 & is1 su* a %ort cut %ort-cut to le>n+1 b t !re may be1 & is1 su* a %ort-cut ,page #ih mo/ /rict & sacr$ bond & conv5ant ( ! ,"l1 ( ! violation mo/ /rict & sacr$ bond & cov5ant ( ! ,"l1 ( ! violation ,page #ace e ,frankln m$al boy %all be entitl$ to its privileges2 & e ,frankl9 m$al boy %all be entitl$ to its privileges2 & ,page #ada ! daily recurr+ r\t9e ( ef=t = m]e exi/5ce1 canont escape ! daily recurr+ r\t9e ( ef=t = m]e exi/5ce1 _c escape ,page #agj brillant triumphs = ! free public libr>y1 unp>all$ 9 ! brilliant triumphs = ! free public libr>y1 unp>allel$ 9 ! ,page #baj ! task w be an easy "o4 ! task w be an easy "o4' ,page #bde second>y1 or betw5 second>y & high] education1 !re is :]e ! second>y1 or betwe5 second>y & high] education1 !re is :]e ! ,page #bgb ye>4 ,?is provision secures /ability by prev5t+ sudd5t *anges ( ye>4 ,?is provision secures /ability by prev5t+ sudd5 *anges ( ,page #bib ma9t5ance ( public heal?1 ! introducation ( wat] & gas1 ! ma9t5ance ( public heal?1 ! introduction ( wat] & gas1 ! ,page #bie :ole 9 ! new ,c5t5nial edition4 ,! accurage /ud5t ( specialties :ole 9 ! new ,c5t5nial edition4 ,! accurate /ud5t ( specialties ,page #cag ) a two millon doll> build+1 /udd$ ) co/ly mosaics1 & ) a two million doll> build+1 /udd$ ) co/ly mosaics1 & ,page #cbj :o are avid to read ! late/ novel by ,mr ,x4 or ,mrs ,y4 :ile x is :o are avid to read ! late/ novel by ,mr4 ,x4 or ,mrs4 ,y4 :ile x is ,page #cbe d5\nce ?is or t publication4 ,yet is is to be rememb]$ t a d5\nce ?is or t publication4 ,yet x is to be rememb]$ t a ,page #cbf *eap silv] pr9ts & ! ,art ,museum is b a hundr$ feet di/ant2 *eap silv] pr9ts & ! ,art ,museum is b a hundr$ feet di/ant72 ,page #ccd deep1 controll+ anxiety ( ! ?\ghful man4 ,education1 exclaims deep1 controll+ anxiety ( ! ?\ghtful man4 ,education1 exclaims ,page #ccf ,b is x wor? 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