,,roses ,,and ,,rose ,,growing ,illustration3 ,,single ,,hybrid ,,tea4 ,,irish ,,elegance4 ,,roses ,,and ,,rose ,,growing ,,by ,,rose ,g4 ,,kingsley ,,officier ,,de ,l',,instruction ,,publique ,,author ,,of ,,eversley ,,gardens1 ,,etc41 ,,etc4 ,,with ,a ,,chapter ,,on ,,how ,,to ,,grow ,,roses ,,for ,,exhibition1 ,,by ,,the ,,rev4 ,f4 ,,page-,,roberts1 ,,vice-,,president ,,national ,,rose ,,society1 ,f4,r4,h4,s4 ,,with ,,twenty-,,eight ,,full-,,page ,,coloured1 ,,and ,,nine ,,half-,,tone1 ,,illustrations ,,and ,,diagrams ,,whittaker ,,co4 #b ,,white ,,hart ,,street1 ,,paternoster ,,square1 ,,london1 ,e4,c4 ,,and #fd-ff ,,fifth ,,avenue1 ,,new ,,york ,,richard ,,clay ,,sons1 ,,limited1 ,,bread ,,street ,,hill1 ,e4,c41 ,,and ,,bungay1 ,,suffolk4 ,,preface ,,some time ago it was suggested1 by certain rose-lovers and enthusiasts1 that the practical experience of an amateur1 brought up from childhood to love and cultivate roses1 might be of use to other owners of small gardens1 who1 like herself1 tend their roses themselves4 ,and in the hope that this might be the case1 ,i undertook to write this little book4 ,my text-book in this labour of love has been an old copy1 which belonged to my father when he settled at ,eversley in #ahdd1 of ,the ,rose ,amateur's ,guide1 by that veteran rose-grower1 the late ,thomas ,rivers4 ,i am also greatly indebted to the ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,pemberton's learned and admirable work1 ,roses1 their ,history1 ,development1 and ,cultivation1 published early this year2 and to the various publications of the ,national ,rose ,society4 ,as one branch1 however1 of the cultivation of roses is a sealed book to me1 for ,i am only an amateur who does not exhibit1 ,i felt that no work on rose-growing would be complete without a chapter which should help those who wish to do so4 ,and here ,i was indeed fortunate in obtaining the help of so distinguished an authority as my friend and neighbour1 ,rev4 ,f4 ,page-,roberts1 ,vice-,president of the ,national ,rose ,society4 ,my grateful thanks are due to him for the delightful chapter1 the last in the book1 on ,how to grow ,roses for ,exhibition4 ,and ,i feel that to have his name on the title-page is an honour of which ,i cannot be too proud4 ,as to the illustrations1 it should be borne in mind that they are not intended to represent exhibition roses1 but merely ordinary blooms1 typical of the various kinds of garden roses4 ,the colour prints have been admirably carried out by ,messrs4 ,swain and ,son of ,barnet1 by their new process of colour-printing4 ,my friend1 ,miss ,emily ,jubb1 has supplied several of the original photographs of roses and of pruning1 from specimens in my own garden2 and to her ,i offer my warm thanks4 ,thanks are also due to ,mr4 ,wm4 ,paul of ,waltham ,cross nurseries1 and to ,mr4 ,henry ,nicholson of ,new ,barnet1 for their kindness in furnishing ,messrs4 ,swain and ,son with all the other specimen flowers for the plates4 ,in fact1 without ,mr4 ,nicholson's ready help in a supplying a large proportion of the subjects from his own garden1 it would have been difficult to carry out the scheme of illustration4 ,if this humble record of my own practical experience1 its failures1 and its successes1 is the means of encouraging others in the cultivation of roses1 ,i can only wish them the interest1 delight1 and healthful relaxation of tired body and mind1 which this pursuit has afforded me for many a long year4 ,,rose ,g4 ,,kingsley ,keys1 ,eversley1 ,hants1 ,nov4 #f1 #aijh4 ,,contents ,,chap4 ,,page ,i4 ,,making ,,and ,,planting ,a ,,rose ,,garden #a ,,ii4 ,,pruning ,,and ,,propagating #ae ,,iii4 ,,summer-,,flowering ,,roses--,,old ,,and ,,new #cg ,,iv4 ,,climbing ,,roses--,,summer ,,flowering #eb ,v4 ,,climbing ,,roses--,,autumn ,,flowering #fh ,,vi4 ,,tea ,,roses #hj ,,vii4 ,,hybrid ,,tea ,,roses #ic ,,viii4 ,,hybrid ,,perpetuals #aaa ,,ix4 ,,bourbon1 ,,china1 ,,and ,,polyantha ,,roses #abc ,x4 ,,rose ,,pests #acf ,,xi4 ,,how ,,to ,,grow ,,roses ,,for ,,exhibition #aea ,,index #afa ,,list ,,of ,,illustrations ,to face page ,,rose ,,requiring ,,pruning #ah ,,rugosa--,,rosa ,,alba #cg ,,provence--,,cabbage #ch ,,moss--,,common #ci ,,gallica--,,red ,,damask 7,,the ,,apothecary',s ,,rose7 #dj ,,climbing ,,damask--,,mrs4 ,o4 ,g4 ,,orpen #da ,,austrian ,,briar--,,austrian ,,copper #db ,,lord ,,penzance ,,hybrid ,,sweet ,,briar--,,jeannie ,,deans #dd ,,scotch ,,briar--,,stanwell ,,perpetual 7#b plates7 #de ,,rugosa--,,conrad ,,ferdinand ,,meyer #df ,,ayrshire--,,ruga #eb ,,evergreen--,,felicite ,,et ,,perpetue #ec ,,climbing ,,polyantha--,,blush ,,rambler 7#b plates7 #eh ,,wichuraiana--,,dorothy ,,perkins #fa ,,jersey ,,beauty #fb ,,noisette--,,william ,,allen ,,richardson #ga ,,tea--,,white ,,maman ,,cochet #ib ,,hybrid ,,tea--,,bardou ,,job #id ,,single ,,hybrid ,,tea--,,irish ,,elegance 7#b plates7 #if ,,irish ,,glory #if ,,hybrid ,,tea--,,caroline ,,testout #ig ,,madame ,,ravary #ih ,,marquise ,,litta #ajf ,,madame ,,pernet ,,ducher #ajg ,,hybrid ,,perpetual--,,frau ,,karl ,,druschki #aad ,,ulrich ,,brunner #aae ,,gustave ,,piganeau #aah ,,bourbon--,,souvenir ,,de ,,la ,,malmaison #abd ,,china--,,laurette ,,messimy #abg ,,dwarf ,,polyantha--,,perle ,d',,or #abi ,,errata ,plates facing p4 #de4 ,for ,stanwell ,perpetual ,scots ,briar read ,scotch ,briar4 ,plate facing p4 #ec4 ,for ,felicite ,perpetuee read ,felicite et ,perpetue4 ,,roses ,,and ,,rose ,,growing ,,chapter ,i ,,making ,,and ,,planting ,a ,,rose ,,garden ,,happy is the rosarian who is free to choose the spot in which to make his rose garden--to choose the ideal position1 with ideal soil1 in an ideal climate4 ,such fortuitous combinations are possible4 ,but though they do not fall to the lot of one rose-lover in a hundred1 it is still easy to find a bit of ground in which roses will flourish2 for1 with proper care1 there are few localities--in ,england at all events--where they cannot be made to grow4 ,at the same time1 in choosing the position of our rose garden1 certain dangers must be guarded against1 as far as possible4 ,position4--,first of all ,i would say1 avoid a draughty spot2 for nothing is so bad for roses as a draught4 ,even an exposed garden1 if it is quite flat and open1 is preferable to a draughty one1 however picturesquely shaded it may be4 ,the perfect position should be sheltered from the north and east3 but not closely surrounded by trees4 ,for roses are lovers of light and sun2 and while they enjoy a little shade for a few hours in the day1 they will not flourish in stuffy1 closely shadowed places1 where they cannot get enough light and air4 ,shelter4--,if some sort of shelter is absolutely imperative1 there are various ways of producing it without putting up an unsightly paling1 or building a costly wall in the garden4 ,one of the best is a low hedge kept closely clipped1 of yew1 holly1 privet1 or beech--the first is1 of course1 slow in growth4 ,care1 however1 must be taken to plant the hedge at such a distance from the rose beds that its roots shall not suck all the nourishment from them4 ,but nothing is more charming or suitable than to give the choice and more tender roses a shelter of roses--planting the strong-growing ,wichuraianas1 ,ramblers and other vigorous kinds along a screen of wooden lattice-work4 ,this not only makes a quite sufficient break to the wind1 but forms a delightful background to the beds of dwarf roses4 ,if possible1 the ground should slope very gently to south and west4 ,flat ground is preferable to any slope steeper than one in fifty4 ,but some slight fall is extremely advantageous1 as it helps drainage4 ,drainage4--,this is another most important point to be considered4 ,for whether the soil be light or heavy1 it is absolutely essential that a rose garden should be well drained2 as roses so deeply resent wet about the roots1 that they promptly show their displeasure by dying4 ,if1 therefore1 on low-lying land--and unfortunately we cannot always avoid this--there is any suspicion of water within three feet of the surface1 broken crocks1 clinkers1 wood ashes1 and such-like materials1 must be placed at the bottom of the beds to keep the subsoil free in times of heavy rain and floods2 and a good drain of ordinary field pipes must be run from the beds into the nearest ditch4 ,for let it be remembered that if we intend to grow good roses1 we must be prepared to do our very best for them1 and to spend a little time1 a little money1 and a good deal of thought1 on preparing the ground they are to grow in1 before we dream of planting them4 ,far better to begin our garden with a dozen roses well planted in properly prepared ground1 than with a hundred put in anywhere and anyhow4 ,this brings us to the next point-- ,the ,soil1--which is far more important than even the position of our garden4 ,if we are so lucky as to be able to choose the soil as well as the position1 then let us choose a rich brown loam2 for that is the soil roses revel in and need but little else to nourish them4 ,such a soil as this we find in the famous rose-gardens of ,essex1 ,hertfordshire1 ,oxfordshire1 and ,kent4 ,i have even seen roses growing superbly1 without manure of any kind1 in an open field of this rich loam on one of the most exposed ridges of ,warwickshire4 ,but if such natural soil cannot be had1 we must make it1 as ,i know to my cost2 for in my own garden the ground is so poor that every rose-bed has to be made three feet deep4 ,and nothing in this case produces such excellent results as the top spit of an old pasture4 ,to get this1 the turf should be pared off carefully1 and then the first nine inches of brown fibrous loam beneath taken out4 ,if the space thus left is filled up with other common soil1 the turf can be relaid1 and no harm is done to the meadow4 ,if1 on the other hand1 the turf is not needed in the same spot1 it may be stacked in a heap--grass downward--and kept for a couple of years till it has rotted down completely2 when1 mixed with manure1 it makes perfect potting soil1 or the finest possible dressing for our rose beds4 ,in the neighbourhood of towns and villages1 where building is going on1 this turfy loam is often to be had when new roads are cut out and houses run up4 ,and it is well worth the rosarian's while to be on the watch for such opportunities1 and secure a few loads of the top spit from the builder1 to stack in the garden against the time it is needed4 ,having provided the requisite soil1 we are now ready to begin work by making the beds4 ,the general arrangement of the garden1 the shape and size of the beds has to be determined4 ,and here1 of course1 the rosarian must be guided by his own taste4 ,a few hints1 however1 from personal experience may be helpful4 ,as to shape1 that is purely a matter of taste4 ,but whether they be round or square1 straight or curved1 in size they should not be too large or too wide to allow of our getting easily at their precious contents4 ,for at all times of the year roses need constant and watchful care2 and the amateur--especially if a woman1 hampered with tiresome petticoats--must have space in which to move1 in order to pick off caterpillars1 cut the flowers whether alive or dead1 and see to all the various needs of the plants1 such as weeding1 watering1 manuring and pruning4 ,as to width1 ,i find five feet ample in a small garden2 as that allows of three rows of dwarf plants eighteen inches to two feet apart2 and enables me to reach those in the centre row without injuring the others4 ,making the ,beds4--,let us therefore suppose we are about to make a straight bed five feet wide and twelve long1 in hitherto unbroken ground1 to contain seventeen roses4 ,the first thing to do is to pare off the turf4 ,the top spit of some eight or nine inches below it1 is sure to be fairly good soil from the fibrous roots of the grass and clover4 ,we therefore dig it off a space three feet long and the whole width of the bed1 and wheel it down to the further end4 ,the second spit in such land as my own garden is much poorer1 with a good deal of sandy marl in it4 ,this is taken right out and heaped at the side of the bed1 to be taken away later on4 ,the third spit1 which is now exposed1 is a cold1 sandy marl1 with many stones4 ,we have therefore a hole five feet wide1 a yard in length1 and two feet deep4 ,if the marl at the bottom does not show any sign of water1 it may be broken up with the fork1 mixing in a little manure at the same time1 and we can leave it as it is4 ,if1 on the other hand1 it is full of water1 some of it must be carted away1 and crocks1 stones1 clinkers1 wood ashes1 and even bits of turf1 grass downwards1 put in below to drain it1 as ,i have already said4 ,bastard ,trenching4--,we then begin the regular process of bastard trenching1 digging up the fourth foot of top soil1 throwing it into the hole1 mixing it with the broken marl and manure at the bottom1 and then removing the second spit as directed above4 ,this is done along the whole bed2 and at the end we use some of the earth we wheeled down at the beginning1 to fill the hole on the marl at the bottom4 ,we thus have a bed five feet by twelve1 but some fifteen inches below the ground4 ,over the surface of this bed we now spread a coating of good rotten manure2 if we can get it from a cow yard so much the better1 as cow manure is cooler than horse droppings to the roots of the roses4 ,this must be thoroughly incorporated with the soil already dug in1 with a fork1 not a spade1 as our object is to keep the earth as friable as we can4 ,the bed is then filled up with nothing but the turfy loam mixed with some of the best of the surface soil1 till it rises a little above the level of the surrounding ground2 for it will be sure to sink4 ,but let no one imagine that this bed is ready for planting4 ,it must be left for at least a fortnight 7a month is better7 to settle1 and to mellow and sweeten2 while its surface must be left quite rough to aid the process4 ,if there is a frost during this settling1 that will do it the greatest possible good4 ,let the amateur avoid all artificial manures at first save a dusting of basic slag 7see ,chap4 ,,xi72 for there is no need whatever in preparing a new rose bed to use any manure except sweet stable and cow manure4 ,this contains all the qualities needful for newly-planted roses4 ,it should1 however1 be so worked into the soil as not to come into actual contact with their roots1 but to lie some two or three inches below them4 ,i have1 of course1 chosen an extreme case here4 ,better ground only needs to be thoroughly dug two spits deep1 with manure and fibrous loam worked in4 ,but1 even so1 ,i always think it is advantageous to break the ground at the bottom with a fork4 ,,planting4 ,when the beds are thoroughly prepared and settled1 we may begin to think about planting them4 ,the ideal time for this operation is in ,november and ,december4 ,for the plants1 lifted as soon as they have done flowering1 and put in their new quarters with as little delay as possible1 have time to settle down before any very severe weather1 and suffer far less than those planted later in the winter4 ,but roses can be safely planted1 if proper precautions are taken in the process1 as late as ,february and ,march--open weather of course being selected for the process2 and ,i have indeed planted them late in ,april without damage3 but that was of course taking a big risk as a matter of necessity4 ,whether we get our roses from ,british or from foreign growers1 the orders should be sent out as early as possible in ,september and ,october1 to secure the best plants and to ensure their arrival in good time4 ,a mild day1 if possible without sun1 is best for planting roses4 ,and if the bundles arrive in a frost it is better not to attempt to open them1 but to put them just as they are into some outbuilding in which the frost cannot get at them1 where they may safely stay for several days4 ,unpacking4--,when they arrive1 the bundles must be opened most carefully1 and the packing removed gently4 ,i have seen valuable roses badly broken by a careless person1 who has pulled them roughly out of the package instead of quietly disentangling the shoots4 ,if the journey has been a long one1 the plants should be well syringed at once1 and the roots plunged in a bucket of water for half-an-hour before planting4 ,great care must also be taken in every case not to leave the roots of the plants exposed to the air2 for if the roots get dried up1 a great and sometimes fatal check is given to the rose4 ,those which cannot be planted immediately should be laid along a trench and lightly heeled in with soil1 until they are wanted4 ,and even those which are to be planted immediately1 should have a mat thrown over the roots as they lie beside the bed waiting their turn1 especially if the day is sunny or the wind cold4 ,many of the great growers advise dipping the roots in liquid mud mixed with a little cow manure before planting4 ,each plant must now be carefully examined1 and any broken shoot1 or bruised and broken root1 cut off with a clean cut4 ,for this ,i prefer a secateur to a knife1 if the secateur is a very sharp one4#a ,a torn1 bruised1 or broken root1 if left on the plant will decay right up and do incalculable mischief4 ,sometimes1 in the case of one's own roses grown from cuttings out of doors1 the roots are so rampant that it is well to shorten them before replanting2 but this is not often necessary with new stock from the growers4 ,the holes must now be dug ready for the reception of each plant4 ,in well-worked ground1 such as the new bed described above1 a hole eighteen inches across and eight inches to one foot in depth1 is sufficient3 but in this we must be guided by the root habit of each plant4 ,some have roots of a spreading nature2 others are deep rooting4 ,and the idiosyncrasy of each individual rose must be studied1 if we wish it to be happy4 ,in an old bed it is well to break the ground all about the hole with a fork2 as the roots can then penetrate the surrounding soil with ease4 ,and ,i would repeat that when the hole is made ready for its occupant1 we should see that no manure is on the surface upon which the roots will lie4 ,planting1 to be well done1 needs two persons4 ,when all is ready1 the plant1 held in the left hand1 is set exactly in the centre of the hole1 while with the right the roots are spread out flat in all directions1 so that none are bent or twisted or allowed to cross1 but are so arranged that the rose gets proper support on all sides4 ,in fact they should be regarded as the guy-ropes of a flagstaff1 intended to hold the plant firm from all points4 ,if a root is too long to lie at its full length in the hole1 instead of trying to fit it in against its natural inclination by turning it round the side of the hole1 a further little channel must be dug in which it can lie perfectly flat4 ,and great care must be taken not to injure the little white1 fibrous rootlets1 which mean flowering strength for the coming season4 ,the collar1 or point at which the dwarf rose is budded on to the briar1 should be from one to three inches below the surface of the soil when the planting is completed4 ,in newly made ground ,i prefer three inches1 as the soil always sinks a little4 ,this is enough2 for the plant should never be buried1 and the roots should be kept as near the surface as possible4 ,but if the collar is above the ground1 the stock begins to throw suckers which take all its strength1 and the scion perishes4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #a4--,mode of ,planting a ,standard ,rose4 ,when the rose is properly set out and still held firmly in position1 the second planter sprinkles some fine good soil among the roots--,i generally give the plant a little gentle lifting shake at this point1 to allow the fine earth to fall into all the interstices of the roots4 ,he then fills up the hole gradually1 pressing down the soil firmly at first with the hand1 and when all is on treading it down with the foot1 thus making the plant absolutely firm in its place before number one lets go his hold on it4 ,if their roots have been thoroughly soaked and swelled before planting1 the roses need not be watered4 ,but if the weather is dry1 yet mild1 it is well to give them a good syringing when they are all in place1 especially if they have come a long journey4 ,this1 however1 must be done in the forenoon1 to allow them to dry before any chance of a chill during the night4 ,in the case of standards1 large bushy plants1 or pillar roses1 a stake should be put against them before the hole is filled with earth4 ,this is far the most satisfactory plan1 as it avoids the chance of bruising or breaking the roots if the stake is forced in among them after planting4 ,and1 as ,i have said1 the more fine fibrous roots the plant can throw1 the better the flowers it will bring4 ,tarred twine1 or ,raffia tape1 are the best materials for tying standard and pillar roses4 ,the twine should be given a double twist round the stake and then tied firmly round the stem1 but not too tight1 so as to allow room for the stem or branch to swell4 ,under no circumstances must wire be used4 ,in the case of roses taken out of pots1 the question of spreading the roots is one of the utmost importance2 as1 if they have been long in a pot the roots are interlaced in a perfect ball1 and need most careful handling to avoid breaking them4 ,when all are safely in place1 the tickets must be taken off and replaced by labels stuck in the ground beside each plant4#b ,many roses1 especially from abroad1 come with labels fastened on with wire4 ,these should be removed without delay2 for the moment the shoots begin to swell the wire eats into them1 and in the course of a few months will either kill the shoot or break it4 ,this is a most important matter4 ,and ,i have had sad experience in it2 as owing to carelessness and hurry in planting a number of extremely good ,french roses1 ,i overlooked some of the wired labels4 ,eight months later1 half--and the larger half--of a fine plant in full flower of the dwarf ,polyantha1 ,perle des ,rouges1 was broken off on a windy day2 and on examination ,i found that the stem had swelled to such a size round the corroding wire1 that the weight it was bearing of foliage1 flowers1 and branches had broken it clean off4 ,even a label tied on with a string is injurious1 from the constant chafing of the bark as the wind blows it to and fro and tightens the knot4 ,our heavy task being now accomplished1 we can await the rigours of winter cheerfully4 ,but let no one persuade us that the newly planted beds would look better if raked smooth instead of being left quite rough4 ,a smooth rose bed means that the soil cakes hard1 preventing the rain penetrating in summer1 and the frost mellowing the ground in winter4 ,and from early spring to late autumn the hoe should be kept constantly at work between the plants2 not merely to keep down weeds1 but to keep the surface of the ground open to the influences of rain1 sun1 and the watering-pot4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,see pruning1 p4 #ag4 #b ,but as these are apt to get moved1 whether by human hands1 or by cats and dogs1 who take a diabolic pleasure in pulling them out and knocking them over1 it is well to make an exact list of the position of each rose on paper4 ,,chapter ,,ii ,,pruning ,,and ,,propagating ,,of all the many toils and anxieties that beset the path of the amateur rosarian1 ,i think we may safely say pruning is the chief4 ,the rules to be observed are few4 ,the idiosyncrasies of each rose are many4 ,and the demands upon one's own judgment and initiative are constant4 ,two things have to be considered before we begin the puzzling task4 ,are we growing our roses for exhibition1 or at all events for a very few very perfect blooms8 ,or are we growing them for quantity1 for mere enjoyment1 on the cut and come again principle1 which enables one not only to fill the house without robbing the garden1 but to fill the hands of every one who comes into the garden and looks at the masses of blossom with longing eyes8 ,as ,i do not exhibit1 the second plan is the one ,i have studied most closely4 ,for the other ,i must refer my readers to my friend the ,rev4 ,f4 ,page-,roberts' valuable notes1 on how to grow and show roses in ,chapter ,,xi4 ,when to prune4--,the old-fashioned plan of pruning all roses in the autumn has now been1 happily for their well-being1 given up in ,england4 ,it was owing to this that many of the earlier varieties of ,tea roses1 and even some of the ,bourbons and ,hybrid ,perpetuals1 were considered #ej years ago too tender to plant freely out of doors4 ,pruning now begins in ,february1 and goes on through ,march and ,april4 ,in ,february we begin to prune the ,rugosas2 ,boursaults2 ,sempervirens2 and ,ayrshires4 ,in ,february and early ,march1 the ,provence2 ,moss2 miniature ,provence2 many of the ,species1 such as ,alpina1 ,moschata1 and ,bracteata1 and their hybrids4 ,in early ,march the ,gallica2 ,damask2 ,alba2 ,hybrid ,chinas2 and ,sweet ,briars4 ,to be followed by ,hybrid ,bourbons2 ,hybrid ,noisettes and ,musks2 ,austrian and ,scotch ,briars2 ,multifloras2 ,ramblers2 ,wichuraianas2 ,chinas2 ,dijon ,teas2 dwarf ,polyanthas2 and dwarf and standard ,hybrid ,perpetuals and ,hybrid ,teas4 ,climbing varieties of ,noisettes1 ,teas1 ,hybrid ,teas1 and ,hybrid ,perpetuals1 may be thinned out1 if necessary1 after flowering in summer4 ,but they must be pruned in ,march4 ,in ,april the ,teas and ,noisettes1 both dwarf and standard1 and the ,banksian roses are pruned4 ,how to prune4--,this is a much-disputed subject among rose growers1 and as authorities differ widely with regard to it1 some advocating hard pruning1 and others just as strongly swearing by light pruning1 so do they differ as to the instrument to be used4 ,the pruning knife is most generally recommended2 while the secateur1 so universally in use on the ,continent1 is advised merely for the cutting of dead wood4 ,but the knife has its disadvantages1 especially in the hands of a woman4 ,for not only may one get an ugly cut with it3 but even in a man's hands ,i have seen the plant pulled about more than ,i like1 in cutting a tough branch4 ,i am therefore delighted to find that so great an authority as the ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,pemberton advocates the use of the secateur for all pruning1 as for many years ,i have used nothing else4 ,the amount of time and strength it saves one is infinite1 to say nothing of the comfort of so handy a weapon4 ,there are1 however1 secateurs and secateurs--and a poor one is worse than useless4 ,its blades must be as sharp as a razor1 and so accurately set that they make a perfectly clean cut right through1 without pinching the branch or tearing the bark4 ,in choosing one1 it is well to try it on a sheet of tissue paper4 ,if it cuts the paper like a sharp pair of scissors1 it is all right4 ,but if it curls the paper round the blade1 instead of making a clean cut1 it is to be avoided4 ,after trying many different makes1 ,i have found that the ,secateur ,montreuil1 which ,i have now procured for several years from ,,mm4 ,vilmorin1 ,andrieux et ,cie41 #d1 ,quai de la ,megisserie1 ,paris1 is far the best ,i can get4 ,it costs #h francs1 and is made in three sizes4 ,as to hard-and-fast rules in pruning1 there are but two4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #b;a4--,rosebush requiring light pruning--unpruned4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #b;b4--,rosebush requiring light pruning--pruned4 ,illustration3 #a4--,,rose ,,requiring ,,moderate ,,pruning4 ,,unpruned4 ,illustration3 #a4--,,rose ,,requiring ,,moderate ,,pruning4 ,,pruned4 #a4 ,prune weak-growing roses much harder than strong-growing roses4 ,as the object of pruning is to throw the sap into the young shoots which will start from the dormant buds or eyes1 in order to make them flower1 a weak-growing rose must be pruned hard so as to concentrate all the vigour of the plant on the few dormant buds we leave4 ,while if we prune a strong-growing rose very hard we only make it throw yet longer shoots1 which soon get out of all bounds1 and run to wood and not to blossom4 #b4 ,always prune to a dormant bud which points outwards4 ,this is done to keep the centre of the plant comparatively free1 by preventing the shoots crossing and choking each other4 ,in pruning we have to keep two objects ever in view4 ,in the first place we must prune in order to get rid of all dead wood1 and weak1 unripe and useless shoots1 thus enabling the young healthy wood to take their place4 ,and secondly we must prune so as to keep the plant in good shape and good health1 by cutting back the strong and healthy wood we leave to a suitable length4 ,if the winter has been mild1 we shall find many buds on the upper part of strong shoots of last year's growth1 which are already bursting into leaf and even showing a flower bud4 ,and it seems so brutal to destroy these1 that ,i know one is often tempted to leave some to take their chance1 instead of hardening one's heart and sternly cutting down to just above the first dormant bud4 ,but when the plants really start in ,may1 we pay for our tender-hearted folly by blind unhealthy shoots which only disfigure the plant1 while the real flower shoots are starting below and cannot get up to the light and air4 ,or1 again1 the unpruned shoot turns black and begins to die back1 and we have to cut it down much further than would have been necessary had we pruned it at the right moment4 ,in pruning1 however1 let the amateur remember that until he has gained considerable experience in the matter1 it is far safer to prune too lightly than to prune in excess4 ,and ,i must repeat that no rules will really help us1 unless we study the special nature and idiosyncrasy of each individual plant1 exactly as we study the character of the child we have to deal with4 ,with climbing summer-flowering roses very little pruning at all is required1 except slightly shortening the ends of the long rambling shoots1 cutting out all the dead wood1 and cutting some of the old flowering shoots which are worn out1 down to the base4 ,it must be remembered that ,ramblers1 ,noisettes1 and other climbing roses bear their flowers on the laterals of the long shoots of the former year4 ,while the ,banksias1 some of the ,multifloras such as ,aglaia1 and that beautiful rose ,fortune's ,yellow1 only flower on the sub-laterals1 i4e4 on wood three years old4 ,if therefore these shoots are cut back too hard the plant does not flower4 ,one of the finest specimens of ,crimson ,rambler ,i have ever seen1 was ruined for several years by an ignorant person who carefully and triumphantly cut out all the long shoots of the former year1 which he considered mere sucker rods4 ,and then he was surprised at the plant bearing no flowers4 ,a certain amount of very useful minor pruning can be carried on all through the summer1 by cutting out bits of old wood when they have flowered1 if we see that they have no young shoots on which to bear a second crop later on4 ,for instance when the newer ,china roses1 such as ,laurette ,messimy1 are in full bloom1 we often find a bit of one of last year's growths which has borne one or two of the earliest flowers and now merely blocks up the young tender shoots full of buds4 ,this is the time to cut it out1 instead of allowing it to absorb part of the strength which should go to the new wood4 ,cutting off dead blooms4--,though to some it may seem a small matter1 much good may also be done to our plants through the summer by the way we remove dead flowers4 ,instead of merely snapping off each blossom between thumb and finger1 it is better to do a little very mild pruning1 by cutting each dead blossom off just above the second leaf below it4 ,this greatly promotes the autumn blooming of the plants1 and keeps them in good shape4 ,it is a little more trouble1 but amply repays us in the end4 ,the precise moment of setting to work must depend to some extent on the weather4 ,of course we cannot begin in a heavy frost1 as that would be fatal to the plants4 ,nor can ,i go as far as ,mr4 ,pemberton1 who with delightful enthusiasm advises us to choose a cold day with north-east wind and occasional sleet showers4 ,that is too complete a counsel of perfection for most mortals2 for however much they love their roses1 they equally dread pneumonia for themselves4 ,but certainly a cool1 overcast day is best1 as there is less chance of the wood bleeding than in mild1 soft weather4 ,well prepared1 therefore1 secateur in hand1 and knife in pocket in case of need1 with strong gloves and old clothes1 and if a woman1 with a housemaid's kneeling pad to kneel on so as to get more easily at the dwarf plants--for pruning is tiring work in any case1 and it is well to save extra fatigue and backache--we now begin on a late ,february day1 with ,rugosa ,roses4--,these need little pruning beyond cutting out the dead wood1 and cutting back some of the old wood almost to the base1 when it will throw up fresh shoots which will bloom late4 ,the suckers which these roses throw up in numbers1 may be cut back to three or four feet to form a thick bush4 ,ayrshires and ,sempervirens4--,thin out slightly and cut out dead wood--no further pruning is needed4 ,boursaults need no thinning4 ,the flowers are borne on the laterals of last year's long shoots1 which may be left six to ten feet long4 ,the ,species and most of their hybrids need no pruning beyond cutting out dead wood1 and occasionally cutting the young base shoots back to hard1 well-ripened wood1 when the tips are touched by frost4 ,provence and ,moss ,roses4--,cut out old wood2 thin out old shoots1 and out back the young base shoots and laterals to four or six eyes4 ,some of the strong-growing moss roses may be left taller4 ,the ,perpetual ,moss roses are pruned as hybrid perpetuals for garden decoration4 ,miniature ,provence4--,keep well pruned to within six inches of the ground1 and thin out the centre4 ,gallica and ,damask4--,prune lightly4 ,the strong growers may be kept as tall bushes or pillars4 ,the dwarf1 such as ,red ,damask1 and ,rosa ,mundi cut back to three feet4 ,keep the best one- and two-year-old shoots and laterals1 and thin out old and weak wood4 ,alba4--,grow as bushes or pillars five to six feet high1 cutting out weak wood1 leaving all the laterals on which the flowers are borne1 about eight inches to one foot4 ,hybrid ,chinas1 such as ,charles ,lawson1 ,coupe d',hebe and ,madame ,plantier1 should be grown as bushy pillars1 leaving the shoots six feet long4 ,shorten the laterals on old wood to three or four eyes4 ,blairii ,no4 #b should hardly be touched4 ,sweet ,briars4--,cut out all weak wood and cut old and naked shoots down to the ground4 ,the ,common ,sweet ,briar should be grown about four feet high4 ,the ,penzance ,briars make enormous base shoots1 which may be shortened to ten feet or less according to one's requirements1 and some of the strong laterals of last year shortened back4 ,lord and ,lady ,penzance1 from their ,austrian briar blood1 are much less vigorous1 and need far less pruning1 only cutting out dead wood4 ,when the ,penzance and ,common ,sweet ,briars are grown as hedges1 the base is apt to get bare1 and some of the long shoots must be laid down to keep it clothed1 while the rest are pruned much shorter4 ,hybrid ,bourbons4--,prune the laterals lightly1 and leave the best of the base shoots4 ,hybrid ,noisettes and ,musks4--,thin out old wood and tie in young shoots4 ,austrian ,briars4--,only cut out dead wood4 ,soleil d',or1 a hybrid1 flowers on the young wood1 and the shoots may be pruned back to two feet4 ,scotch ,briars4--,no pruning is needed1 except cutting out old and dead wood and shortening back some of the numerous suckers4 ,climbing ,multifloras need little pruning4 ,when grown as pillars or on screens they are apt to get bare at the base4 ,therefore it is well to cut some of the weaker young shoots back to two or three feet to clothe the base1 leaving the strong ones their full length4 ,with ,crimson ,rambler and its class1 cut out some of the old wood to make room for the young shoots and shorten any weak laterals3 but leave most of the strong ones intact1 and do not touch the long base shoots of the last year4 ,wichuraianas4--,only cut out old and dead wood4 ,i have seen a beautiful effect produced with ,dorothy ,perkins by cutting out all the old wood in the autumn1 and training the long young shoots over wire frames two-and-a-half feet wide1 forming low arches about a yard from the ground in the centre4 ,the mass of flower shoots standing erect on these frames makes a most strikingly beautiful object4 ,the ,wichuraianas also form very lovely weeping standards on eight-feet stems4 ,and for tall pillars and fountain roses they are unequalled4 ,chinas4--,the old ,blush and ,cramoisie ,superieure should only be thinned4 ,the newer kinds1 such as ,mme4 ,eugene ,resal1 ,laurette ,messimy1 etc41 may be cut back to a few eyes from the ground4 ,bourbons4--,prune lightly1 growing as bold bushes or standards2 except ,hermosa1 which may be pruned back to form a dwarf1 spreading1 two-feet bush2 while ,mrs4 ,bosanquet is treated like the ,chinas4 ,noisettes are of two types4 ,the strong growers need hardly any pruning1 except ,marechal ,niel1 which must have all cankered and weak shoots removed after it has flowered4 ,lamarque1 ,fortune's ,yellow 7which must not be pruned at all71 and ,jaune ,desprez need a wall2 and ,celine ,forestier prefers one4 ,the other type1 such as ,l',ideal and ,william ,allen ,richardson1 may be pruned fairly close1 by cutting back the laterals to a few eyes4 ,all ,noisettes bear their flowers on the laterals2 therefore these should be preserved as much as possible4 ,dijon ,teas4--,these are the climbing and vigorous ,gloire de ,dijon and its descendants and allies1 such as ,belle ,lyonnaise1 ,francois ,crousse1 ,duchesse d',auerstadt1 ,mme4 ,berard1 etc4 ,they are all apt to get bare below4 ,therefore1 while some of the strong shoots from the base are left almost their full length1 others must be cut back1 some to two or three feet1 others to four or five feet1 in order to keep the whole surface of the wall1 arch1 or pillar clothed evenly4 ,the laterals may be pruned on the same plan4 ,old worn out wood should be occasionally cut down to the base to make it start afresh1 when the first flowering is over4 ,banksia ,roses4--,these need no pruning except in the case of a very old plant1 when a shoot that shows weakness may be cut down to the base in ,april4 ,but ,i have pointed out in ,chapter ,,iv that the ,banksias bear their flowers on the sub-laterals of the third year4 ,therefore1 for three years they must not be touched with the knife1 and the shoots merely tied in evenly over the surface of the wall4 ,dwarf ,polyanthas4--,these only need to have the old flower stems cut out in ,march4 ,hybrid ,perpetuals and ,hybrid ,teas1 dwarf and standard4--,if pruned for garden purposes or what ,i call enjoyment1 not for exhibition1 all dead wood and weak or unripe shoots must be cut out to the base of the plant4 ,the centre of the plant must be kept clear by removing shoots which cross each other4 ,the strong ripe shoots from the base should be cut back to about twelve inches1 and the laterals on the old wood cut back to about four to six eyes4 ,this is merely a general guide to the pruning of these two kinds of roses4 ,but the rosarian1 as ,i have said1 will have to study the peculiarities of each individual plant1 and to adapt these instructions to its needs1 leaving more shoots on the stronger roses1 and keeping them longer than on the weak-growing varieties4 ,teas and ,noisettes1 both dwarf and standard1 are pruned on exactly the same lines as the ,hybrid ,teas and ,hybrid ,perpetuals1 but must be pruned in ,april instead of ,march4 ,,propagating ,,roses4 ,the three chief methods of propagating roses are by-- #a4 ,budding on the briar stock4 #b4 ,cuttings4 #c4 ,layering4 ,budding4--,this is the best-known method of propagating4 ,and it is so widely practised by amateurs and gardeners of all degree1 that it is better to get an object-lesson in the art than to depend on written instructions4 ,with a little practise any one with neat fingers can bud4 ,but great care must be taken in the operation1 not to bruise the bark of the bud or shield that is to be inserted in the stock4 ,the best stocks1 whether for dwarfs or standards1 are those of the wild ,dog ,rose from woods and hedgerows4 ,these should be taken up in ,october and ,november1 care being taken that each stock has fair roots1 that the roots are not torn or bruised1 and that they are not dry and shrivelled when planted4 ,in fact1 they ought to be treated with just the same care we bestow on our new roses when we plant them out4 ,the stocks may be at once shortened1 to about three feet for half-standards1 and very strong ones for specimen or weeping roses may be kept six and eight feet long4 ,but in shortening both1 they must always be cut just above a bud4 ,in the following summer these stocks will have thrown out side-shoots2 and it is in these that the buds are to be inserted4 ,we can tell when the bark will run1 i4e4 that it is ready for budding1 by trying whether the thorns break off clean when pushed by the thumb4 ,if the thorn bends and does not leave the bark1 the wood is not ripe enough4 ,if the thorn sticks tight to the wood1 and yet is brittle1 the wood is too ripe4 ,dwarf stocks are treated much in the same way1 but must be planted nearer the surface than standards2 for when they are budded the earth must be removed right down to the roots1 in order to set the bud as low as possible1 as it is inserted in the stem itself1 and not in the young wood of the year4 ,we then choose the scion--a twig of the rose we wish to propagate which has already flowered1 with plump but not too large buds behind each leaf stalk4 ,inserting the budding-knife about half an inch above the lowest of these buds or eyes1 we slice down1 making a little dip inwards towards the wood as the knife passes the bud1 to nearly an inch below it1 not cutting through the bark1 but peeling it off the scion4 ,the thin slice of wood which adheres to the inside of the strip of bark containing the bud1 is now removed by inserting the knife between it and the bark1 and jerking it out sharply4 ,nothing should now be left in the bark save the soft green substance of the eye4 ,but if this has been dragged out with the wood1 the bud is useless1 and must be thrown away4 ,the shield of bark is then trimmed to a point below4 ,the stock is now made ready to receive the bud4 ,at the point we have chosen for inserting the bud--in standards let it be as close as possible to the main stem--a perpendicular slit from half an inch to an inch long is made with the budding-knife1 care being taken only to cut through the bark and not to wound the wood below4 ,a short cross-cut is made at the top of the slit4 ,then the bark is gently raised on each side downwards from this cross-cut1 with the flat handle of the knife4 ,into this slit the bud is slipped by putting the pointed lower end into the cross slit1 and pushing it down as far as it will go4 ,we then cut off any bark at the top of the bud that overlaps the cross-cut1 so that the shield fits in perfectly1 when the side flaps of bark are brought gently over it4 ,with a bit of ,raffia grass1 well moistened in water1 we now bind up the bud2 beginning from below with a double turn over one end of the ,raffia1 and keeping it quite flat1 exactly in the way we put on a surgical bandage4 ,when we come to the bud itself1 the ,raffia must be wound tightly and as close to the eye as possible without actually touching it4 ,when the whole slit is completely and evenly covered1 slip the end of the ,raffia through the last turn and pull it tight4 ,the operation is now complete4 ,,cuttings4 ,roses on their own roots are grown from cuttings1 and it is a system which suits many varieties4 ,how to make a cutting4--,cuttings are taken from well-ripened twigs which have already flowered1 or from a lateral upon the main flowering shoot1 which has ceased growing without bearing a blossom4 ,they should be from two to six or seven inches in length1 with three to nine buds upon them4 ,and judgment is needed regarding these buds in choosing the twig1 as we must take one on which they are neither immature nor too fully developed4 ,in the case of a cutting with ten leaves we cut off the top a quarter of an inch above the fourth leaf1 and the same distance below the tenth4 ,the four lower leaves are then cut off close to the bud they cover1 and the three upper ones are left on4 ,when the cutting is planted1 two-thirds of it should be in the soil4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #c4--,rose cutting with a heel1 #d leaves cut1 #b leaves left4 ,cuttings are taken in two ways4 #a4 ,with a heel2 that is a small portion of the wood of the stem from which the twig grows4 #b4 ,without a heel2 being cut through just below a bud4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #d4--,rose cutting without a heel1 #d leaves cut1 #b leaves left4 ,cuttings under glass4--,cuttings of the choice kinds of ,teas1 ,hybrid ,teas1 ,hybrid ,perpetuals1 and ,chinas are raised under glass1 taken from pot plants as soon as they have flowered in the spring4 ,the cuttings are put in pots filled with fibrous loam and silver sand1 about six in a five-inch pot4 ,when ready to root at the end of two or three weeks1 the pots are placed in a frame on bottom heat to start growth4 ,the same plan is pursued in the autumn1 with cuttings taken from plants grown out of doors2 but they do not strike as rapidly as those taken from pot plants earlier4 ,cuttings in the open ground4--,this is an interesting and easy way of getting a good stock of many kinds of hardy1 strong-growing ,perpetuals1 ,sweet ,briars1 ,ramblers1 etc4 ,and it may be successfully carried on from early in ,august to the middle of ,october4 ,cuttings are inserted three inches apart in rows1 leaving some ten inches between each row4 ,they may be either set in a trench1 or dibbled into a specially prepared bed4 ,i have tried both plans1 and find the following very successful4 ,a bit of ground1 partially but not too much shaded1 is forked up2 a layer of good rotten manure laid on it2 upon this three inches of leaf mould2 on this again three inches of sharp1 sandy road-scrapings--silver sand would be as good or better1 but here the gravel road-grit is handy4 ,the bed is then stamped down as hard as possible1 until it forms a firm solid mass4 ,the cuttings are then inserted in rows--a hole of the right depth for each being made into the compost with a smooth sharp-pointed stick the size of a lead pencil--a long wooden penholder is a good dibble4 ,into this hole the cutting is thrust till its base rests firmly on the bottom of the hole1 and the soil is pressed tight round the stem with the fingers4 ,when all are in place a thorough soaking of water is given them2 and except for firming them in when worms raise the soil about them1 they must not be disturbed until the top leaves begin to fall4 ,we shall then see which are likely to strike1 and can pull out those whose wood has begun to shrivel1 as they are dead4 ,many of these cuttings will show flower the next summer4 ,and by ,november--i4e4 fifteen months after planting--they can be lifted and planted out in their permanent quarters4 ,the other plan is to make a little trench eight inches or so deep in good loamy soil1 with a layer of silver sand at the bottom4 ,the cuttings are set against the sloped side of the trench1 and it is then filled up with soil and stamped in very firmly4 ,i find this answers best for the ,penzance ,sweet ,briars2 but personally ,i prefer the former plan for other roses4 ,the cuttings must be well watered and carefully weeded from time to time1 and in the winter must be given slight protection by fronds of bracken or boughs of evergreens laid lightly over them4 ,,layering4 ,this is chiefly resorted to when it is wished to increase the stock rapidly of some very choice rose4 ,it can be carried on in summer and early autumn4 ,the directions given in ,mr4 ,rivers' ,rose ,amateur's ,guide of #ahdc are so admirable that ,i quote them in extenso4 ,about the middle of ,july in most seasons the shoots will be found about eighteen inches or two feet in length2 from these1 two-thirds of the leaves should be cut off1 close to the shoot1 beginning at the base1 with a very sharp knife2 the shoot must then be brought to the ground1 so as to be able to judge in what place the hole must be made to receive it2 it may be made large enough to hold a quarter of a peck of compost2 in heavy and retentive soils this should be rotten dung and pit sand in equal quantities1 well mixed2 the shoot must then be 'tongued1' i4e4 the knife introduced just below a bud and brought upwards1 so as to cut about half way through2 this must be done at the side or back of the shoot 7not by any means at the front or in the bend71 so that the tongue does not close2 to make this certain a small piece of glass or thin earthenware may be introduced to keep it open4 ,much nicety is required to have the tongue at the upper part of the shoot1 so as not to be in the part which forms the bow1 as it is of consequence that it should be within two inches of the surface1 so as to feel the effects of atmospheric heat2 unless this is attended to the roots will not be emitted quickly2 the tongued part must be placed in the centre of the compost1 and a moderate-sized stone put on the surface of the ground to keep the layer in its place4 ,the first week in ,november the layers may be taken from the parent plant1 and either potted as required1 or planted out where they are to remain4 ,those shoots not long enough in ,july and ,august may be layered in ,october1 when the layers are taken from the shoots1 and1 if any are forgotten1 ,february and ,march will be the most favourable month for the operation3 as a general rule1 ,july is the proper season4 ,illustration3 ,,rugosa4 ,,rosa ,,alba4 ,,chapter ,,iii ,,summer-,,flowering ,,roses--,,old ,,and ,,new4 ,,let us now consider those roses which1 although their lovely season of blooming is but short1 shed such fragrance and delight on the gardens of rich and poor4 ,our oldest favourites first--the ,cabbage1 sweetest of all2 the ,moss2 the ,maiden's ,blush2 the ,crimson ,damask2 the ,austrian1 ,scotch1 and ,sweet ,briars2 the tiny ,rose de ,meaux1 so seldom seen now in ,england that when we find bunches of it on every barrow in the ,paris streets1 to be had for a few centimes1 we fall upon it as on lost treasure4 ,then the climbers1 the ,ayrshires1 ,banksias1 ,polyanthas and ,evergreen4 ,and when to these we add all the novelties which ,japan has bestowed upon us in the ,rugosas and the ,wichuraianas1 and those marvels which the hybridists are deriving from them and introducing every year in such numbers1 we may well consider where best to make a place for these lovely roses1 so that from ,april till ,august we can rejoice in their varied beauty4 ,of the climbing roses ,i treat in a separate chapter4 ,but if with regard to the dwarf or bush roses1 some may raise objections to massing them in by themselves1 because they are so soon out of flower and leave the beds bare of bloom for the rest of the summer1 the objection--a valid one--may be overcome in two ways4 ,first1 by planting ,china roses among them and an edging of the charming ,dwarf ,polyantha roses round them4 ,secondly1 by planting lilies and late-flowering perennials with them1 which will be in bloom as soon as they are over4 ,but to my mind1 the ,cabbage1 ,moss1 ,provence and ,damask roses look most thoroughly in place in the old-fashioned mixed border along the walk in the kitchen garden1 where they flower after wallflowers1 daffodils and polyanthus1 with lilies and pinks1 stocks and carnations1 and all the delightful and fragrant odds and ends that1 somehow1 make it the spot in the whole garden to which all footsteps turn instinctively4 ,illustration3 ,,provence4 ,,cabbage4 ,,the ,,provence ,,or ,,cabbage ,,rose1 ,r4 centifolia1 is perhaps the oldest favourite in ,english gardens2 for it was introduced as far back as #aeif4 ,said to have come originally from the ,caucasus1 it may well be1 as its ,latin and ,french names suggest1 the ,romans' favourite hundred-leaved-rose mentioned by ,pliny4 ,and as it was found in ,southern ,france at a very early date1 it became known as the ,provence ,rose4 ,in spite of all new comers1 beautiful and attractive as they are1 the ,old ,cabbage ,rose holds its own to-day in the garden of every true rose-lover1 as unsurpassed in fragrance and colour4 ,its pure white variety1 the ,rose ,unique1 discovered in a garden in ,suffolk1 in #aggg1 is far less common and less vigorous than the pink ,cabbage rose4 ,but if it can be induced to grow it is a very beautiful object in the summer garden1 especially as a standard on the briar4 ,the tiny ,rose de ,meaux and ,spong are also miniature ,provence roses--and as ,i have said1 ought to be more widely grown in ,english gardens4 ,illustration3 ,,moss4 ,,common4 ,,the ,,moss ,,rose1 ,r4 ,muscosa1 originally a sport from the common ,provence or ,cabbage rose1 was also introduced into ,england from ,holland in #aeif2 and many varieties have since been derived from it1 some of the newer ones having the additional merit of being perpetual flowering4 ,the best are the common ,pink ,moss1 ,comtesse ,murinais1 ,celina1 ,crested1 ,gloire des ,mousseuses1 ,laneii1 ,white ,bath2 while there is a delightful little pink1 mossed ,rose de ,meaux4 ,of the perpetuals1 ,blanche ,moreau1 ,salet1 ,perpetual ,white ,moss1 and ,mme4 ,wm4 ,paul are all good4 ,the ,old ,double ,yellow ,provence1 ,rosa ,hemisphaerica or ,sulphurea is somewhat rare now1 and only found in one or two modern catalogues or in very old gardens4 ,,the ,,french ,,rose1 ,r4 ,gallica1 also called ,rose de ,provins1 as its name implies1 is a native of ,france2 but it is also found in ,italy1 ,switzerland and ,austria4 ,a good deal of confusion reigns on the subject of this rose and ,r4 ,damascena2 for varieties of both are often misplaced in each other's classes4 ,for instance1 the common red ,gallica1 the ,apothecary's rose1 is usually called the ,red ,damask1 and its many striped varieties1 especially ,rosa ,mundi1 are mistaken for the true ,york and ,lancaster1 which is a true ,damask rose4 ,illustration3 ,,gallica4 ,,red ,,damask 7,,the ,,apothecary',s ,,rose47 ,rosa ,gallica1 however1 is easily distinguished from ,damascena4 ,its flowering shoots are upright1 with few prickles1 and rigid leaves4 ,it seeds very freely2 and this accounts for the innumerable varieties which were in vogue fifty or sixty years ago4 ,it is said that one grower near ,london had two thousand different sorts4 ,it is still largely grown in ,england for distilling purposes1 on account of its delicious perfume2 and a field of the ,apothecary's rose in full flower is a lovely sight in ,july4 ,but the chief centre of the industry used to be round ,provins1 the old capital of ,la ,brie1 about sixty miles from ,paris1 on the way to ,chalons4 ,here vast fields were grown1 the petals being used not only for scent1 but for conserves and medicinal purposes4 ,when well grown1 namely well fed and well pruned by cutting out all the weak wood and shortening back the strong shoots to six or seven eyes1 ,rosa gallica is worthy of a choice place as a decorative rose1 whether in the house or on the exhibition bench1 when the almost single flowers open and show their brilliant golden stamens4 ,the best sorts grown at present are ,oeillet ,parfait1 ,perle des ,panachees1 ,rosa ,mundi1 ,red ,damask 7the all-red form of this last71 ,village ,maid1 and ,tuscany4 ,illustration3 ,,climbing ,,damask4 ,,mrs4 ,o4 ,g4 ,,orpen4 ,,the ,,damask ,,rose1 ,r4 ,damascena4 ,this rose was brought from ,syria to ,europe at the time of the ,crusades4 ,the true ,york and ,lancaster is the best example of the old ,damask rose1 and grows into a vigorous bush when well established4 ,madame ,hardy1 a cross with the ,cabbage rose1 is an excellent pure white variety2 and in the last few years some new and admirable ,damask roses1 ,lady ,curzon1 ,lady ,sarah ,wilson1 ,lady ,white1 and the ,single ,crimson ,damask1 have been raised by ,mr4 ,turner2 while ,mr4 ,orpen1 of ,colchester1 introduced the beautiful pink climber1 ,mrs4 ,o4 ,g4 ,orpen1 in #aijf4 ,,rosa ,,alba1 the white rose of central ,europe1 introduced into ,england about #aeig1 is now too often only to be seen in cottagers' gardens4 ,but surely a corner may be found for the ,maiden's ,blush1 for the fine old ,blanche ,belgique1 or for ,celestial--the roses that used to be seen in our childhood with a sprig of ,southernwood in every village boy's buttonhole on ,sunday4 ,,austrian ,,briar ,,roses1 ,r4 lutea4 ,illustration3 ,,austrian ,,briar4 ,,austrian ,,copper4 ,these are among the most brilliant of our early summer roses1 and are distinguished also by their singular and aromatic scent4 ,but their flowering season is as short as it is vivid4 ,the single ,austrian ,briars1 mentioned by ,john ,gerard in #aeif1 both the ,yellow1 and the ,copper known in ,france as ,capucine1 should be found1 if possible1 in every garden4 ,but both are of moderate growth2 and the ,copper is often troublesome to grow1 showing itself as capricious as it is attractive4 ,for instance1 ,i have tried in vain for eight years to make it flourish in my garden1 while in a cottage garden by the roadside a quarter of a mile away it flowers so profusely that during its short-lived season of beauty the passers-by stop to gaze at its brilliant single blossoms of satiny-yellow lined with vivid copper red4 ,the double yellow ,harrisonii was raised in ,america in #ahcj2 and in #ahcg ,willock introduced the beautiful and fragrant ,persian ,yellow1 which grows so freely wherever it is planted4 ,all these ,austrian briars have been utilized of late by the hybridists with most interesting results4 ,in #aijj the famous house of ,pernet-,ducher1 of ,lyons1 succeeded in developing a new race of roses1 which they named ,rosa ,pernetiana1 by crossing the ,persian ,yellow with ,antoine ,ducher1 a hybrid perpetual4 ,the first of these was ,soleil d',or1 a large1 full1 flat flower1 varying from gold and orange yellow to reddish gold shaded with nasturtium red4 ,it is perfectly hardy1 and perpetual flowering4 ,and in #aijg they added a further seedling1 far more amazing in colour1 named the ,lyon ,rose--offspring of a cross between an unnamed seedling of ,soleil d',or and the hybrid ,tea ,mme4 ,melanie ,soupert4 ,this1 judging by the reports of those who have seen it1 is destined to be a most valuable addition to our gardens4 ,another ,pernetiana1 ,les ,rosati1 has been raised by ,gravereaux1 from a cross between ,persian ,yellow and a hybrid ,tea4 ,it is hardy1 prolific1 and when ,i saw it at the end of ,september1 #aijg1 in ,,mm4 ,soupert et ,notting's ground1 it was covered with brilliant cherry-red flowers on a yellow base--the outside of the petals pale salmon4 ,godfried ,keller1 a cross with ,austrian ,copper1 apricot with the outside of the petals dark yellow1 semi-double and perpetual1 and ,parkfeuer1 a shining scarlet hybrid briar1 are both of the same type4 ,,lord ,,penzance',s ,,hybrid ,,sweet ,,briars1 ,r4 rubiginosa hybrida4 ,these invaluable roses1 the result of years of careful hybridizing of the common ,sweet ,briar1 ,r4 rubiginosa1 with various old-fashioned roses1 are amongst the greatest gifts of last century to the rosarian1 the amateur1 and the cottager4 ,illustration3 ,,lord ,,penzance ,,hybrid ,,sweet ,,briar4 ,,jeannie ,,deans4 ,lady ,penzance1 one of the most attractive1 though less hardy and vigorous than others1 resulted from a cross with the ,austrian ,copper2 ,lord ,penzance from the ,austrian ,yellow4 ,this last is extraordinarily fragrant1 the scent of the leaves after rain filling the air to a considerable distance4 ,the rather small flowers of both these show their parentage very clearly in colour4 ,but for size of blossom and effect1 none of the fourteen varieties equal the bright pink and white ,flora ,mc,ivor1 the crimson ,meg ,merrilies1 and the superb dark crimson ,anne of ,geirstein4 ,this last is a plant of extraordinary vigour1 forming in a few years huge bushes ten feet high and nearly as many through4 ,for a high rose hedge or screen these hybrid sweet briars are invaluable1 while they may be also used for pillars and arches4 ,and1 with the exception of ,lord and ,lady ,penzance1 which are of more moderate growth1 they are easy to propagate1 growing readily from cuttings1 which1 if put in early in the autumn are in flower the next summer4 ,the foliage of the common ,sweet ,briar1 however1 remains the most fragrant of all1 with a clean1 wholesome sweetness that is unsurpassed by its more showy children1 always excepting ,lord ,penzance1 which1 if possible1 excels it4 ,therefore let no one discard the old friend1 and let them plant it beside a walk1 so that they may give it a friendly pinch as they pass1 to be rewarded by its delicious scent4 ,illustration3 ,,scots ,,briar4 ,,stanwell ,,perpetual4 ,illustration3 ,,scots ,,briar4 ,,stanwell ,,perpetual4 ,,the ,,scotch ,,briar1 ,r4 spinossima1 is a most fragrant little rose1 its compact bushes forming an excellent hedge round a rose garden1 covered so closely with the sweet little double1 globular flowers that the tiny leaves are almost hidden by the mass of blossom4 ,they can be had in yellow1 white1 or many shades of pink4 ,but none are prettier than the common rose-pink4 ,the yellow is a hybrid--raised in ,france early in the nineteenth century4 ,the ,stanwell ,perpetual is a ,scotch briar1 hybridized most probably with the ,damask ,perpetual or some such rose1 flesh-coloured and flowering from ,may till the autumn4 ,,rosa ,,rugosa1 ,,the ,,ramanas ,,rose ,,of ,,japan1 was introduced into ,england in #aghd4 ,but this fact may1 ,i imagine1 be as great a surprise to some of my readers as it was to myself1 when ,i discovered the statement on unimpeachable authority an hour ago4 ,i well remember the first plants of the common pinkish-red variety1 which ,i first saw in #ahgf4 ,it was then considered something of a novelty2 and ,i recollect how we all began cultivating it in our gardens1 and that we were enraptured1 as were the blackbirds and thrushes1 by its large1 handsome bright scarlet fruit in the autumn4 ,the varieties in cultivation in those days were alba the single white1 introduced in #aghd by ,thunberg1 a very lovely flower2 and rubra1 the single pinkish-red 7,cels4 #ahjb74 ,the hybridists began work upon these some twenty years ago4 ,paul and ,son brought out ,america in #ahie2 and the fine ,atropurpurea in #aijj1 one of the very best singles1 deep glowing crimson with brilliant golden stamens when opening at sunrise1 and turning purple later in the day4 ,double hybrids were also raised1 the charming white ,mme4 ,georges ,bruant1 #ahhh2 ,blanc double de ,coubert1 #ahib2 ,belle ,poitevin1 #ahie1 rose-coloured and very fragrant2 and the handsome ,rose a parfum de l',hay1 #aijd1 carmine cerise and deliciously scented4 ,fimbriata1 #ahia1 semi-double1 white tinted blush1 the edge of the petals fringed like a dianthus1 is perhaps the prettiest of all1 and is specially suited for growing as an isolated bush4 ,illustration3 ,,rugosa4 ,,conrad ,,ferdinand ,,meyer4 ,but of all the hybrids none can be compared to the superb ,conrad ,ferdinand ,meyer 7,mueller1 #aijj74 ,this last is said to be crossed with ,gloire de ,dijon4 ,it certainly possesses just the same rich fragrance as that invaluable rose1 while its beautiful colour1 a warm tender pink1 its large size and perfect form1 its more than vigorous growth1 and its persistence in blooming--,i have it in flower here from the middle of ,may till ,december--render it one of the most valuable additions to the rose garden of the new century4 ,besides these there are numbers of other varieties1 as the continental growers1 such as ,bruant1 ,cochet1 ,gravereaux1 ,schwartz1 etc41 have paid considerable attention to these roses of late years4 ,but the future of this race is bound to be a very important one1 and so far we have not in the least realized what its effect may be4 ,,provence ,,roses1 ,r4 ,centifolia4 ,cabbage1 or ,common ,provence1 #aeif4 ,rosy pink4 ,crested4 ,vibert1 #ahbg4 ,rosy pink1 pale edges4 ,unique1 or ,white ,provence4 ,grimwood1 #aggg4 ,paper white4 ,sulphurea1 or the ,old ,yellow ,provence4 ,golden yellow4 ,miniature ,provence ,roses4 ,de ,meaux1 #ahad4 ,rosy lilac4 ,spong4 ,blush pink4 ,white de ,meaux4 ,white4 ,,moss ,,roses1 ,r4 ,centifolia muscosa4 7,summer flowering47 ,baron de ,wassenaer4 ,v4 ,verdier1 #ahed4 ,light crimson1 in clusters4 ,common4 ,holland1 #aeif4 ,pale rose4 ,comtesse de ,murinais4 ,vibert1 #ahbg4 ,white1 large and double4 ,crested4 ,vibert1 #ahbg4 ,rosy pink1 paler edges4 ,crimson ,globe1 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #ahia4 ,deep crimson4 ,celina4 ,hardy1 #ahee4 ,rich crimson1 shaded purple4 ,gloire des ,moussues4 ,robert1 #aheb4 ,rosy blush1 large and full4 ,laneii4 ,laffay1 #ahdf4 ,rosy crimson1 tinted purple4 ,white ,bath4 ,salter1 #ahaj4 ,paper white1 large and beautiful4 ,zenobia4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son4 ,fine satin pink4 ,,perpetual ,,moss ,,roses4 ,blanche ,moreau4 ,moreau ,robert1 #ahha4 ,pure white4 ,james ,veitch4 ,violet shaded4 ,mme4 ,edouard ,ory4 ,robert1 #ahef4 ,bright carmine4 ,louis ,leveque4 ,leveque1 #aijd4 ,colour of ,captain ,christy4 ,moreau4 ,moreau-,robert1 #ahgc4 ,vermilion red4 ,mrs4 ,william ,paul4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #ahgj4 ,very bright rose4 ,perpetual ,white ,moss4 ,blooming in clusters4 ,salet4 ,lacharme1 #ahed4 ,bright rose1 blush edges1 fine4 ,venus4 ,welter1 #aije4 ,fiery red1 one of the best4 ,,the ,,french ,,rose1 also called ,,rose ,,de ,,provins1 ,r4 ,gallica4 ,belle des ,jardins4 ,guillot1 #ahgc4 ,bright purple1 striped white4 ,dometile ,becard4 ,flesh1 striped rose4 ,oeillet ,parfait4 ,pure white1 broad stripes1 rosy crimson4 ,perle des ,panachees4 ,vibert1 #ahde4 ,white1 striped lilac4 ,rosa ,mundi4 ,red1 striped white4 ,old ,red1 the ,apothecary's ,rose1 often called ,red ,damask4 ,tuscany4 ,deep claret red4 ,village ,maid4 ,white1 striped rose or purple4 ,,the ,,damask ,,rose1 ,r4 ,damascena4 ,kazanlik4 ,silver rose4 ,la ,ville de ,bruxelles4 ,light rose1 blush margin4 ,lady ,curzon4 ,turner1 #aijb4 ,large1 single pink4 ,lady ,sarah ,wilson4 ,turner1 #aijb4 ,semi-double1 creamy blush4 ,lady ,white4 ,turner1 #aijb4 ,semi-double1 white tinted pink4 ,leda1 or painted ,damask4 ,blush1 edged lake4 ,madame ,hardy4 ,hardy1 #ahcb4 ,white4 ,zoetmans4 ,creamy white4 ,mrs4 ,o4 ,g4 ,orpen4 ,orpen1 #aijf4 ,climbing1 large single1 in trusses1 rosy pink4 ,single ,crimson ,damask4 ,turner1 #aija4 ,york and ,lancaster 7true74 ,red and white1 in patches4 ,,the ,,white ,,rose1 ,r4 ,alba4 ,blanche ,belgique4 ,white4 ,celestial4 ,flesh colour1 tinted delicate pink4 ,felicite4 ,rosy flesh1 margin blush4 ,mme4 ,audot4 ,glossy flesh4 ,legras4 ,creamy white4 ,maiden's ,blush4 ,kew1 #agig4 ,soft blush4 ,,austrian ,,briar ,,roses1 ,r4 lutea4 ,austrian ,copper1 or ,capucine4 ,j4 ,gerard1 #aeif4 ,single1 petals lined copper-red4 ,austrian ,yellow4 ,j4 ,gerard1 #aeif4 ,harrisonii4 ,harrison1 #ahcj4 ,golden yellow4 ,persian ,yellow4 ,willock1 #ahch4 ,deep golden yellow4 ,,hybrids4 ,gottfried ,keller4 ,dr4 ,mueller1 #aijb4 ,semi-double1 apricot with golden yellow centre4 ,parkfeuer4 ,single1 vivid scarlet4 ,soleil d',or4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #aijj4 ,orange yellow1 gold and nasturtium red1 large1 double4 ,the ,lyon ,rose4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #aijg4 ,coral-red tinted chrome yellow1 new and distinct1 double4 ,les ,rosati4 ,gravereaux1 #aijg4 ,bright carmine1 yellow base4 ,these three last are perpetual-flowering1 and known as ,pernetiana roses4 ,,sweet ,,briars1 ,r4 rubiginosa4 ,common ,sweet briar4 ,pale pink4 ,double ,scarlet4 ,bright rosy red4 ,hebe's ,lip4 ,white1 with picotee edge of purple4 ,janet's ,pride4 ,white1 shaded and tipped with crimson4 ,,lord ,,penzance',s ,,hybrids1 #ahid1 #ahie4 ,amy ,robsart4 ,deep rose4 ,anne of ,geirstein4 ,deep crimson rose4 ,catherine ,seyton4 ,rosy-pink1 bright golden anthers4 ,flora ,mc,ivor4 ,blush rose1 white centre4 ,lady ,penzance4 ,soft copper1 base of petals bright yellow4 ,lord ,penzance4 ,fawn1 passing to emerald yellow4 ,lucy ,bertram4 ,rich crimson1 pure white centre4 ,meg ,merrilies4 ,deep brilliant crimson4 ,,scotch ,,briar ,,roses1 ,r4 spinossima4 ,shades of pink1 rose1 crimson1 white1 yellow4 ,pimpinellifolia4 ,blush4 ,stanwell ,perpetual4 ,semi-double rosy blush4 ,,rugosa ,,or ,,ramanas ,,roses1 ,r4 rugosa4 ,america4 ,paul ,son1 #ahie4 ,crimson lake4 ,atropurpurea4 ,paul ,son1 #ahii4 ,deep crimson1 turning maroon4 ,belle ,poitevin4 ,bruant1 #ahif4 ,rose1 double1 very sweet4 ,a,blanc double de ,coubert4 ,cochet-,cochet1 #ahid4 ,double white4 ,calocarpa4 ,bruant1 #ahif4 ,rose1 single1 fine tinted autumn foliage4 ,a,conrad ,f4 ,meyer4 ,froebel1 #aijj4 ,clear silvery rose1 double1 large1 very fragrant4 ,a,delicata4 ,cooling1 #ahih4 ,soft rose1 double4 ,madame ,c4 ,f4 ,worth4 ,schwartz1 #ahij4 ,rosy carmine1 semi-double4 ,a,madame ,georges ,bruant4 ,bruant1 #ahhh4 ,clear white1 nearly double4 ,madame ,henri ,gravereaux4 ,gravereaux1 #aije4 ,white1 salmon centre4 ,mrs4 ,anthony ,waterer4 ,waterer1 #ahih4 ,deep crimson1 semi-double1 large clusters4 ,a,nova ,zembla4 ,mees1 #aijg4 ,white sport from ,conrad ,meyer1 fine4 ,repens ,alba4 ,paul ,son1 #aijc4 ,weeping form of ,alba4 ,a,rose a parfum de l',hay4 ,gravereaux1 #aijd4 ,carmine cerise1 double1 fine4 ,rugosa alba4 ,thunberg1 #aghd4 ,single1 pure white4 ,rugosa rubra4 ,cels1 #ahjb4 ,pinkish red4 ,rugosa rubra1 fl4 pl4 ,regel4 ,purple red4 ,a ,rose ,apples4 ,paul ,son1 #ahif4 ,pale carmine rose1 large clusters4 ,,footnote3 ,a ,perpetual flowering4 ,,chapter ,,iv ,,climbing ,,roses--,,summer ,,flowering ,,many are the races to which our summer gardens owe an almost endless variety of climbing roses2 and each season adds to the bewildering number4 ,the older types are the ,ayrshire1 the ,evergreen1 the ,banksia1 the ,boursault1 the ,prairie rose1 the ,multiflora4 ,and twenty-one years ago1 the ,wichuraiana from ,japan was introduced1 adding a totally new source from whence to derive precious and beautiful hybrids4 ,illustration3 ,,ayrshire4 ,,ruga4 ,,the ,,ayrshire ,,rose originated without doubt from the trailing white rose of our hedges and woodlands1 ,rosa arvensis4 ,in the early years of last century many popular varieties were developed which are still welcome in our gardens1 such as ,alice ,gray1 ,dundee ,rambler1 ,ruga1 ,queen of the ,belgians1 ,splendens or ,myrrh-scented4 ,and in #ahce1 the charming little double white rose1 ,bennett's ,seedling or ,thoresbyana1 was discovered among some briars by ,lord ,manvers' gardener at ,thoresby4 ,illustration3 ,,evergreen4 ,,felicite-,,perpetue4 ,,the ,,evergreen ,,rose4 ,the parent of the ,evergreen roses of our gardens was the climbing wild rose of ,italy1 ,rosa ,sempervirens4 ,and the best known1 and perhaps the most valuable of these1 is the white ,felicite et ,perpetue1 named after the saints and martyrs ,felicitas and ,perpetua4 ,this rose and several other varieties were raised in #ahbg by ,monsieur ,jacques1 the head-gardener at the royal gardens of ,neuilly4 ,they bloom in large clusters of small1 very full1 double flowers4 ,myrianthes renoncule1 ,leopoldine d',orleans1 and ,banksiaeflora are white2 ,princesse ,marie and ,flora are pink1 as is ,williams' ,evergreen4 ,as all these keep their dark shining foliage until nearly the end of the winter1 they are very valuable on screens and arches4 ,,the ,,banksian ,,rose1 ,r4 ,banksia4 ,this persistent foliage is one of the great merits of the large white ,banksian ,fortunei1 called in ,french catalogues ,banks de ,chine--a hybrid with the beautiful ,rosa ,sinica4 ,its handsome green leaves1 as ,i write in mid-,february1 are as thick outside my window in spite of twenty degrees of frost a few weeks back1 as they were in the autumn4 ,it will throw shoots of immense length each year3 clothing a wall summer and winter with its rich green foliage4 ,it is much hardier than the ,yellow and ,white ,banksians4 ,the flowers1 large1 full1 white1 and sweet-scented1 grow singly1 not in clusters1 and are borne like those of the ,yellow and ,white ,banksians on the sub-laterals--i4e4 the little flowering stems on the laterals of last year4 ,this habit of growth is the reason of so many failures in getting the ,banksian roses to flower4 ,an old plant of the ,yellow ,banksian on the rectory at ,strathfieldsaye had never been known to flower when the ,rev4 ,f4 ,page-,roberts came there4 ,he1 of course1 discovered that it had been pruned hard in the usual way4 ,and after proper attention for two years1 it was last year a mass of bloom1 to the surprise of all who saw it4#c ,the ,white ,banksian was introduced by ,mr4 ,william ,kerr in #ahjg1 and named after ,lady ,banks4 ,the yellow was discovered by ,dr4 ,abel1 in #ahbd1 growing on the walls of ,nankin4 ,they are both natives of ,china3 but require a warm position on a wall in most parts of ,england4 ,the finest specimen ,i have ever seen was a very old plant of the yellow1 growing some years ago inside the courtyard at ,chillon4 ,it was one of the most beautiful objects possible in summer1 the grim walls being closely covered with a sheet of the delicate little blossoms4 ,,rosa ,,sinica1 or ,,laevigata1 mentioned above1 also known as the ,cherokee ,rose1 is a single white with yellow stamens1 from ,china4 ,it is a very beautiful species2 but requires1 like the ,banksians1 the shelter of a wall4 ,sinica anemone 7,schmidt1 #ahie71 silvery-pink shaded rose1 is very vigorous1 and more hardy1 one of the best single climbing roses4 ,this latter rose must not be confused with ,anemonaeflora--a cross between ,banksia and ,multiflora--with small double white anemone-like flowers4 ,,the ,,boursault ,,roses1 ,r4 ,alpina1 are hardy1 vigorous climbers1 flowering in large clusters4 ,they were raised from the single red ,alpine rose4 ,this1 by the way1 might be more generally cultivated for its own sake2 its smooth red stems and handsome reddish foliage1 which turns a fine colour in autumn1 and its single deep pink flowers with long green bracts1 succeeded by small brilliant hips1 make it a charming object both in summer and autumn4 ,m4 ,boursault1 a famous ,parisian rose amateur1 gave his name to the group1 the first variety1 a double red1 being called after him4 ,amadis1 or ,crimson1 is one of the oldest1 a deep crimson purple2 while ,inermis ,morletti1 an improved ,inermis1 was introduced in #ahhc by ,morlet4 ,,rosa ,,setigera1 ,,the ,,bramble-,,leaved ,,or ,,prairie ,,rose1 was the parent of several useful climbers raised by ,feast1 of ,baltimore1 and introduced into ,england in #ahjc4 ,of these ,belle of ,baltimore and ,queen of the ,prairies are the best1 flowering late in the summer4 ,,the ,,hungarian ,,climbing ,,roses appear to be very little known in ,england4 ,but they are well worth growing1 especially in cold and exposed places1 as they are thoroughly frost-proof4 ,the blossoms are large1 very full1 and mostly flat in form4 ,decoration de ,geschwind1 rich purple-pink with white edges1 is a handsome and effective flower4 ,so are ,gilda1 wine colour1 shaded with violet1 and ,chateau ,luegg1 deep carmine pink4 ,to what family they are allied ,i do not know4 ,they were raised by ,geschwind about #ahhf4 ,i got them from ,m4 ,bernaix of ,lyons1 and am greatly pleased with them4 ,,hybrids ,,of ,,china1 ,,bourbon1 ,,and ,,noisette ,,roses4 ,this very beautiful class of summer-flowering climbing or pillar roses1 is too often neglected in these days4 ,they are the result of crosses between the ,gallica1 ,centifolia1 and ,damask roses1 and the ,china1 ,noisette and ,bourbon4 ,for size1 form and colour1 many of these roses are still unexcelled4 ,and one regrets they are not more generally grown4 ,whether the seed parent is the perpetual ,china1 ,bourbon1 or ,noisette1 and the pollen parent the ,french or ,provence rose1 or vice versa1 the result is that1 though it grows vigorously1 the hybrid does not flower in the autumn--with the one exception1 the beautiful ,gloire de ,rosamenes4 ,one of the grandest of this class is ,blairii ,no4 #b 7,blair #ahde71 blush with rose centre1 a very vigorous climber3 but it should be remembered that if pruned it will not flower4 ,this is also the case with the fine crimson ,brennus or ,brutus4 ,coupe d',hebe and ,chenedole are both good roses2 while ,charles ,lawson for a brilliant crimson pillar rose1 and the pure white ,madame ,plantier for bush or pillar1 are not easily surpassed1 as their flowers are borne in immense quantities4 ,that very brilliant and effective single rose1 ,paul's ,carmine ,pillar1 is also a hybrid2 but its exact parentage is not known4 ,messrs4 ,paul ,son1 of ,cheshunt1 write to me3 ,we believe it to be1 as far as we can recollect1 a hybrid with ,boursault blood4 ,this would explain its coming into flower so early4 ,,the ,,climbing ,,multiflora ,,or ,,polyantha ,,roses1 and their hybrids1 commonly known as ,rambler roses1 have developed of late years in such amazing numbers1 that it is a work of some difficulty to keep pace with the new varieties which appear each season4 ,the original ,multiflora1 known also as ,polyantha simplex1 was introduced from ,japan in #agha by ,thunberg4 ,it is a very vigorous climber with large bunches of small1 single white flowers4 ,from this type rose1 which seeds very freely1 numbers of hybrids were raised in ,italy early in the nineteenth century1 by crossings with other richly coloured roses4 ,one of the earliest of these hybrids which still remains is ,laure ,davoust1 with small and very double flowers--pink changing to blush4 ,grevillia or the ,seven ,sisters is another1 its flowers changing from crimson to purplish rose1 and then to pale rose4 ,this produces a most quaint effect1 as we have flowers of three colours on the plant at once4 ,de la ,grifferaie1 #ahde1 is also deep rose1 changing to blush4 ,illustration3 ,,climbing ,,polyantha4 ,,blush ,,rambler4 ,it was1 however1 in #ahic that an extraordinary impulse was given to the culture of these roses1 by the introduction of ,turner's ,crimson ,rambler4 ,two roses which are now classed among the ,ramblers preceded it by a few years2 ,allard's ,daniel ,lacombe1 #ahhf1 and the beautiful ,claire ,jacquier1 #ahhh1 raised by ,bernaix of ,lyons4 ,but the advent of ,crimson ,rambler is really the starting point of that enthusiasm which has reigned ever since #ahic for the ,rambler roses1 and which has happily brought many of the old varieties mentioned above into favour once more4 ,as many versions of the advent of this rose are extant1 ,i wrote to ,mr4 ,charles ,turner to ask him its true history1 and in his kind reply of ,february #ag1 #aijh1 he says1 ,the rose was brought from ,japan with other plants by an engineer on board a trading vessel for a gentleman living near ,edinburgh4 ,it was grown there for some time1 and eventually came into our possession4 ,illustration3 ,,climbing ,,polyantha4 ,,blush ,,rambler4 ,this rose is so well known that1 like good wine1 it needs no bush of praise or description4 ,and it was quickly followed by other ,multifloras of varying types4 ,in #ahif came ,lambert's trio ,euphrosyne1 the so-called ,pink rambler1 ,thalia1 the ,white rambler1 and ,aglaia1 the ,yellow rambler2 succeeded in #ahig by his ,helene1 pale rose with yellowish white centre4 ,in #ahih ,dawson brought out the ,dawson rose1 with clusters of semi-double soft-rose flowers4 ,in #ahii came two notable additions--,paul ,son's ,psyche2 and ,schmidt's ,leuchstern--one of the most beautiful of the race4 ,the latter grower's invaluable ,rubin2 ,veitch's ,electra2 ,paul ,son's ,lion followed in #aijj2 and their ,wallflower in #aija4 ,in #aijc1 ,wm4 ,paul ,son brought out ,waltham ,rambler2 ,b4 ,r4 ,cant1 the exquisite ,blush ,rambler2 and ,walsh of ,philadelphia the ,philadelphia ,rambler4 ,in #aijd came ,lambert's ,gruss an ,zabern and ,trier4 ,in #aije ,cutbush's ,mrs4 ,f4 ,w4 ,flight1 considered by some the ,queen of ramblers4 ,and in #aijf ,weigand's ,taunusbluemchen2 and ,soupert et ,notting's beautiful ,stella4 ,last year a rich feast was provided for those who delight in ,ramblers1 with ,soupert et ,notting's fine new ,bar-le-,duc1 offspring of their famous tea rose ,souv4 de ,pierre ,notting and ,crimson ,rambler2 ,schmidt's ,tausendschoen1 a cross between ,crimson ,rambler and a tea-polyantha2 and ,wm4 ,paul ,son's ,kathleen1 a single flower1 rich carmine-rose with a white eye4 ,and this year ,soupert et ,notting are sending out their new ,bordeaux1 a seedling from ,crimson ,rambler and the dwarf ,polyantha ,blanche ,rebatel4 ,illustration3 ,,wichuriana4 ,,dorothy ,,perkins4 ,meanwhile1 in #ahhg1 the parents of a new race of climbing roses had been brought to ,europe4 ,the ,wichuraiana 7,species7 was introduced from ,japan by ,crepin1 in #ahhg4 ,its small white single flowers with their quaint hay scent1 borne late in the summer1 its glossy evergreen leaves1 and its vigorous creeping habit--for it will cover a large space on a bank in twelve months--proclaimed a new and valuable species4 ,and in ,america1 ,manda was quick to see its value as the parent of a new race1 by crossing it with tea roses4 ,ten years later1 in #ahig1 he brought out ,manda's ,triumph2 in #ahii1 the charming ,gardenia1 ,jersey ,beauty1 ,may ,queen1 ,pink ,roamer1 ,south ,orange ,perfection1 ,universal ,favourite2 and in #aijj1 ,evergreen ,gem1 one of the very best4 ,the next year ,jackson and ,perkins introduced the incomparable ,dorothy ,perkins4 ,and ,walsh1 another ,american grower1 followed in #aijb with ,debutante1 and in #aije with ,hiawatha and ,lady ,gay4 ,meanwhile in ,france1 ,m4 ,barbier had been devoting himself to these charming hybrids2 and began his long list of beautiful varieties in #aijj with ,alberic ,barbier1 ,rene ,andre1 and the single ,wichuraiana rubra2 to be followed by numbers of others4 ,one of the charms of these roses1 and they have many1 is that they are to all intents and purposes evergreen4 ,another is1 that although they are not perpetual1 i4e4 flowering twice in the season1 the hybrids often take after their parent the type ,wichuraiana1 whose flowering season is very late--last autumn ,i gathered a few flowers from it the third week in ,december4 ,therefore1 many of them come into bloom just as the ,multifloras are going over1 thus prolonging the season of summer climbing roses till the end of ,august4 ,for every purpose they are of use4 ,they may be planted to cover an unsightly bit of bank1 or to climb over a stump1 to wreath themselves into the branches of a tree1 or to form a dense covering of shining leaves and innumerable flowers on fence or trellis or screen4 ,they are even more charming on pillars and arches1 when the full beauty of their blossoms can be seen from all sides2 for while many have a pendant habit1 the main flower heads1 of ,dorothy ,perkins for instance1 are carried erect above the pink foam of the laterals that clothe the graceful hanging shoots below4 ,a ,wichuraiana hybrid--for choice the dainty rubra1 ,dorothy ,perkins or ,hiawatha--grown as a tall1 weeping standard seven feet high1 is an object of such beauty that if once seen it cannot be forgotten4 ,or these charming roses may be trained round a large balloon1 in the same fashion as the ,crimson ,rambler in the ,royal ,gardens at ,windsor1 figured in ,the ,garden1 ,december #cj1 #aije4 ,illustration3 ,,wichuriana4 ,,jersey ,,beauty4 ,planted on a terraced slope the ,wichuraianas are most effective4 ,in one instance1 ,gardenia1 ,evergreen ,gem1 ,alberic ,barbier and others were planted along a steep grass bank below a terrace walk4 ,a flat shelf four feet wide had been cut half way down the bank1 and there the roses were put in some ten or twelve feet apart4 ,by the next summer they had joined hands2 and whether from below1 or looking down on them from the terrace above1 the huge wreath with masses of flowers among the glossy foliage made a most exquisite display4 ,in fact there is no limit to the uses to which this delightful family may be put4 ,and we may believe that there is no limit either to its future developments in the hands of the hybridists1 whose patient research will1 ,i have no doubt1 give us before many years are over1 perpetual flowering1 evergreen ,wichuraianas of every hue4 ,,ayrshire ,,roses1 ,r4 ,arvensis4 ,alice ,gray4 ,white edged pink4 ,bennett's ,seedling or ,thoresbyana4 ,bennett1 #ahce4 ,double ,white4 ,dundee ,rambler4 ,white1 semi-double4 ,queen of the ,belgians4 ,creamy white1 large1 double4 ,ruga4 ,pale flesh1 large1 double4 ,repens flore pleno4 ,white1 very abundant bloomer4 ,splendens1 or myrrh-scented4 ,flesh colour1 large1 double4 ,,evergreen ,,roses1 ,r4 ,sempervirens4 ,banksiaeflora4 ,white1 centre pale yellow4 ,felicite et ,perpetue4 ,jacques1 #ahbg4 ,creamy white1 full4 ,flora4 ,rosy flesh1 full4 ,leopoldine d',orleans4 ,jacques4 ,white1 tipped red4 ,myrianthes renoncule4 ,blush edged rose4 ,princesse ,marie4 ,jacques4 ,clear pink4 ,williams' ,evergreen4 ,williams1 #ahee4 ,yellowish white1 pink centre4 ,,banksian ,,roses1 ,r4 ,banksiae4 ,alba4 ,kerr1 #ahjg4 ,small double white4 ,lutea4 ,royal ,horticultural ,soc41 #ahbd4 ,small double yellow4 ,fortunei4 7,hybrid7 white1 large double flowers4 ,,sinica ,,roses1 ,r4 ,sinica or ,laevigata4 ,sinica 7,species74 ,the ,cherokee rose4 ,single white1 yellow stamens4 ,sinica ,anemone4 ,f4 ,schmidt1 #ahie4 ,single1 silvery pink1 shaded rose4 ,,boursault ,,roses1 ,r4 ,alpina4 ,amadis4 ,deep purple crimson4 ,blush or ,boursault ,florida4 ,blush1 large semi-single4 ,elegans4 ,vivid crimson4 ,gracilis4 #agif4 ,bright1 rosy red4 ,inermis or ,boursault pleine4 ,bright red4 ,inermis ,morletti4 ,morlet1 #ahhc4 ,light1 rosy pink4 ,,the ,,bramble-,,leaved ,,or ,,prairie ,,rose1 ,rosa ,setigera4 ,belle of ,baltimore4 ,feast1 #ahjc4 ,white1 shaded yellow4 ,queen of the ,prairies4 ,feast1 #ahjc4 ,pink1 very full4 ,,hybrid ,,musk1 ,summer flowering4 ,madame d',arblay4 ,flesh1 changing to white4 ,the ,garland4 ,blush1 changing to white4 ,,hungarian ,,climbing ,,roses4 ,aurelia ,liffa4 ,scarlet crimson4 ,chateau ,leugg4 ,deep carmine pink4 ,decoration de ,geschwind4 ,deep violet red1 white edges4 ,gilda4 ,dark wine colour1 shaded violet4 ,mercedes4 ,carmine1 lilac1 pink4 ,meteor4 ,carmine red1 bright shading4 ,souvenir de ,brood4 ,flat shape1 full1 purple or violet4 ,,hybrid ,,china ,,and ,,bourbon4 ,acidalie4 ,rousseau1 #ahch4 ,white4 ,blairii1 ,no4 #b4 ,blair1 #ahde4 ,blush pink1 rose centre4 ,brennus or ,brutus4 ,deep carmine4 ,charles ,lawson4 ,lawson1 #ahec4 ,very bright crimson4 ,chenedole4 ,light vivid crimson4 ,coupe d',hebe4 ,laffay1 #ahdj4 ,vivid rose1 shaded4 ,fulgens4 ,bright crimson4 ,madame ,plantier4 ,pure white1 very fine4 ,paul ,ricaut4 ,portemer1 #ahde4 ,brilliant carmine4 ,paul's ,carmine ,pillar4 ,paul ,son1 #ahif4 ,large single carmine4 ,,polyantha1 ,,rambler ,,roses1 ,r4 ,multiflora4 ,aglaia4 ,lambert1 #ahif4 ,trusses of canary yellow4 ,bar le ,duc4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijg4 ,clear brick-red1 reverse of petals bright copper4 ,blush ,rambler4 ,b4 ,r4 ,cant1 #aijc4 ,large clusters of soft blush flowers4 ,bordeaux4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijh4 ,claret colour1 very fine4 ,claire ,jacquier4 ,bernaix1 #ahhh4 ,nankeen yellow4 ,crimson ,rambler4 ,turner1 #ahic4 ,bright crimson4 ,crimson ,rambler ne plus ultra4 ,weigand1 #aije4 ,bright1 deep crimson4 ,daniel ,lacombe4 ,allard1 #ahhf4 ,chamois yellow1 turning to white4 ,electra4 ,veitch1 #aijj4 ,lemon1 shaded orange and white4 ,euphrosyne4 ,lambert1 #ahif4 ,pinkish rose1 small double flowers4 ,frau ,lina ,strassheim4 ,strassheim1 #aijg4 ,salmon red and flesh1 very large clusters4 ,goldfinch4 ,paul ,son1 #aijg4 ,deep golden buds1 opening pale yellow1 shaded violet and white4 ,gruss an ,zabern4 ,lambert1 #aijd4 ,large trusses1 snow white4 ,helene4 ,lambert1 #ahig4 ,pale mauve with yellow base4 ,kathleen4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #aijg4 ,single1 soft carmine-rose1 white eye4 ,leuchstern4 ,schmidt1 #ahii4 ,bright rose1 large white eye4 ,mrs4 ,f4 ,w4 ,flight4 ,cutbush1 #aije4 ,bright pink4 ,philadelphia ,rambler4 ,walsh1 #aijc4 ,much like ,crimson ,rambler2 said to be mildew proof4 ,psyche4 ,paul ,son1 #ahii4 ,pale rosy pink1 salmon yellow base4 ,queen ,alexandra4 ,veitch1 #aija4 ,rich rose colour4 ,rubin4 ,schmidt1 #aijj4 ,deep crimson1 fine reddish foliage4 ,stella4 ,soupert et ,notting4 ,vivid carmine1 stamens forming a golden star on white centre4 ,tausendschoen4 ,schmidt1 #aijf4 ,pink turning to bright rose1 sweet-scented4 ,taunusbluemchen4 ,weigand1 #aijf4 ,pink fragrant flowers like ,crimson ,rambler4 ,thalia4 ,lambert1 #ahif4 ,small double white flowers in cluster4 ,thalia4 ,perpetual flowering1 pure white4 ,the ,dawson ,rose4 ,dawson1 #ahih4 ,pale rose4 ,the ,lion4 ,paul ,son1 #aijj4 ,single flowers1 vivid crimson4 ,trier4 ,lambert1 #aijd4 ,creamy white4 ,wallflower4 ,paul ,son1 #aija4 ,light crimson flowers4 ,waltham ,bride4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son4 ,pure white4 ,waltham ,rambler4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son4 ,single1 rosy pink1 pale centre4 ,,wichuraiana ,,roses4 ,alberic ,barbier4 ,barbier1 #aija4 ,creamy white1 canary centre1 tea scent4 ,auguste ,barbier4 ,barbier1 #aija4 ,violet lilac1 white centre4 ,debutante4 ,walsh1 #aijb4 ,large clusters1 soft pink1 very fragrant4 ,dorothy ,perkins4 ,jackson ,perkins1 #aija4 ,bright rose pink1 large clusters4 ,edmond ,proust4 ,barbier1 #aijc4 ,pink1 centre shaded carmine4 ,elisa ,robichon4 ,barbier1 #aijc4 ,salmon buff1 base of petals yellow4 ,evangeline4 ,walsh1 #aijf4 ,large single flowers1 white1 tipped pink4 ,evergreen ,gem4 ,manda1 #aijj4 ,buff changing to white1 double4 ,francois ,foucard4 ,barbier1 #aijb4 ,yellow1 turning creamy white4 ,gardenia4 ,manda1 #ahii4 ,bright yellow in bud1 changing to cream4 ,hiawatha4 ,walsh1 #aije4 ,single1 bright crimson1 white eye4 ,jersey ,beauty4 ,manda1 #ahii4 ,single1 pale yellow1 bright yellow stamens4 ,lady ,gay4 ,walsh1 #aije4 ,deep rose pink1 large clusters4 ,lady ,godiva4 ,paul ,son1 #aijg4 ,pale flesh pink1 sport from ,dorothy ,perkins4 ,manda's ,triumph4 ,manda1 #ahig4 ,pure white1 double4 ,may ,queen4 ,manda1 #ahii4 ,coral red1 large flowers4 ,minnehaha4 ,walsh1 #aijg4 ,satin pink1 double1 large clusters4 ,paradise4 ,walsh1 #aijg4 ,single1 pink and white4 ,paul ,transon4 ,barbier1 #aijb4 ,large panicles1 double rose1 tea rose scent4 ,pink ,pearl4 ,buds deep pink1 changing to pearly pink4 ,pink ,roamer4 ,manda1 #ahii4 ,bright rose1 white eye1 semi-double4 ,rene ,andre4 ,barbier1 #aija4 ,creamy white1 yellow centre1 tea scented4 ,rubra4 ,barbier1 #aijj4 ,single1 bright red1 white centre4 ,ruby ,queen4 ,brilliant carmine1 large clusters1 double4 ,south ,orange ,perfection4 ,manda1 #ahii4 ,clear rose4 ,the ,farquhar4 ,farquhar1 #aijd4 ,pale rose turning white4 ,universal ,favorite4 ,manda1 #ahii4 ,porcelain rose4 ,,footnote3 #c ,see pruning1 p4 #bf4 ,,chapter ,v ,,climbing ,,roses--,,autumn ,,flowering ,,while many of the beautiful roses enumerated in the last chapter are indispensable in our gardens for covering pillars1 arches1 screens1 walls1 fences and pergolas1 an end comes all too soon to their flowering season4 ,and when it comes we feel the need of other climbers to carry on the succession of blossom until the frosts cut all off4 ,a pergola1 for instance1 planted with nothing but summer flowering roses1 is but a sorry sight in ,august and ,september4 ,while if we have been wise1 and have made a judicious mixture of these and perpetual roses1 it remains a delight till ,november4 ,for vigorous climbers of this second section none excel ,,the ,,noisette ,,rose1 ,r4 ,noisettiana4 ,this invaluable race was originated by ,m4 ,philippe ,noisette in ,america1 by fertilizing the ,musk rose1 ,r4 ,moschata1 with the ,common ,blush ,china1 ,r4 ,indica 7not the ,blush ,tea rose1 ,r4 ,indica ,odorata74 ,in #ahag he sent the ,blush ,noisette to his brother ,m4 ,louis ,noisette1 a well-known nurseryman in ,paris4 ,and its advent was hailed with enthusiasm by all rose-lovers in ,france2 for it was recognized as a new break in climbing roses4 ,in this1 and in many of the seedlings which were raised from it1 the influence of its ,musk rose parent was very strong1 the flowers being borne in large clusters1 and fragrant with its delicious musky scent4 ,but as time went on1 crossings with ,tea roses somewhat changed one of the early characteristics of the ,noisette1 and it approached more closely to the ,tea rose--bearing flowers singly--instead of in the large clusters characteristic of the ,musk rose4 ,aimee ,vibert 7,vibert1 #ahbh7 is one of those early ,noisettes which holds its own everywhere4 ,but how seldom do we see that most vigorous and most fragrant of all1 ,jaune ,desprez 7,desprez1 #ahbh74 ,grown against a west wall here1 it covered a space some #bj x #bj feet in three years1 throwing laterals1 five feet and more long every summer2 and from the ends of these in late autumn the great heads of bloom hang down1 filling the whole air with fragrance2 in one cluster alone ,i have counted seventy-two blossoms1 soft sulphur1 salmon1 and red4 ,this variety1 and the beautiful white ,lamarque 7,marechal1 #ahcj71 both need the shelter of a wall in a warm1 dry position4 ,illustration3 ,,noisette4 ,,william ,,allen ,,richardson4 ,that singularly beautiful rose ,fortune's ,yellow or ,beauty of ,glazenwood 7,fortune1 #ahde71 which is classed among the ,noisettes1 though it has nothing but its beauty in common with them--for it is not perpetual1 and its foliage is quite different from theirs--also requires a very dry1 warm situation1 when1 if it is never pruned1 it will flower abundantly4 ,i have a plant on a very dry border at the ,s4,w4 corner of my house1 which has scrambled up to the eaves and is now making efforts to reach the chimneys4 ,the reason that this rose so often fails to bear blossoms is1 that being an untidy grower it is pruned4 ,and any one who has once tried to do so should be glad to know that pruning is as fatal to the rose as to the unhappy pruner1 for it is armed with the most cruel prickles1 like small fish-hooks1 of any member of the rose tribe4 ,the flowers1 like those of the ,banksia roses1 being borne on the small twigs growing from the laterals of the second year1 any pruning which destroys these destroys all chance of blossom4 ,and this rule holds good with most of the ,noisettes4 ,ophirie 7,goubault1 #ahda71 with its rather small nankeen and copper-red flowers and glossy leaves1 is also glad of a little shelter4 ,while the delightful ,celine ,forestier 7,trouillard1 #ahdb7 will flourish in almost any situation1 though it prefers a wall4 ,later on1 the influence of crossings between the ,noisette and the pure ,tea instead of the ,china rose1 is very evident in such superb roses as ,marechal ,niel1 ,l',ideal1 ,wassily ,chludoff--an admirable rose1 by the way--the invaluable ,reve d',or1 which seldom bears a cluster of more than three flowers1 and others4 ,but though that universal favourite1 ,william ,allen ,richardson1 is1 alas6 scentless1 its habit has more in common with the ,noisettes4 ,reve d',or is one of the most useful and hardy of the race1 a rampant grower1 with buff yellow blossoms borne in immense numbers both in summer and autumn1 while its rich red shoots and reddish-green foliage make it a beautiful object before and after it blooms4 ,it strongly resents any pruning beyond shortening its vigorous summer shoots4 ,among the ,hybrid ,noisettes--i4e4 those crossed with the ,hybrid perpetual--,boule de ,neige1 a dwarf1 and ,madame ,alfred ,carriere1 a rampant climber1 are the best4 ,the latter is certainly one of the best white climbing roses we have1 its white blossoms1 which some liken to the porcelain roses manufactured abroad1 are borne singly on the stalks1 and last long in water1 while it is never out of flower from ,june to ,november4 ,,the ,,musk ,,rose1 ,r4 ,moschata1 seed parent of the ,noisette1 is perhaps more widely spread than any other rose over the face of the earth4 ,from ,madeira through ,africa and ,persia to ,far ,cathay it blooms1 and sheds its delicious musky scent in the evening air4 ,that it has been prized in the ,west for centuries we know--for ,shakespeare's ,titania promises the ass to stick ,musk roses in thy sleek smooth head4 ,hakluyt says that ,of later times was procured out of ,italy the ,muske rose plant4 ,and ,bacon declares that while the white double ,violet is the sweetest of all1 next to that is the ,musk rose4 ,the original ,musk rose bearing large bunches of single white flowers1 is now seldom seen except in very old gardens where it attains a great size4 ,mr4 ,rivers1 in the ,amateur's ,rose ,guide1 #ahdc1 says that ,olivier who travelled in the first six years of the ,french ,republic1 mentions a rose tree at ,ispahan1 called the ',chinese ,rose ,tree1' fifteen feet high1 formed by the union of several stems1 each four or five inches in diameter4 ,seeds from this tree were sent to ,paris1 and produced the common ,musk ,rose4 ,but wherever it can be found it should be cherished for the sake of its scent1 which is strongest in the evening1 especially after rain1 filling the whole air with its fragrance4 ,himalayica is a fine single white form of ,moschata2 and so is ,nivea1 a large single variety from ,nepaul1 white1 tinged with pink4 ,of the double and semi-double hybrids1 the ,fringed ,musk1 a very old favourite still in cultivation1 ,rivers' ,musk1 pink1 shaded buff1 and the charming ,princesse de ,nassau1 straw colour and very sweet1 are all good roses1 coming into flower very late in the season1 and lasting on through the autumn4 ,for pillars they are excellent subjects4 ,madame d',arblay and ,the ,garland are hybrids of the ,musk rose1 which only bloom in summer4 ,,the ,,himalayan ,,briar1 ,rosa ,brunonis1 is sometimes classed with the ,musk roses3 but this is an error1 as it is a distinct species1 and is also only summer flowering4 ,with its double variety1 it is a beautiful rose for pillar1 arch1 or pergola2 the white flowers are very sweet and borne in clusters4 ,but it should be planted where it can get plenty of sun to ripen the wood4 ,,the ,,macartney ,,rose1 ,r4 bracteata1 was brought from ,china in #agie by ,lord ,macartney4 ,the handsome shiny evergreen foliage and large solitary white flowers with a mass of golden stamens1 make it a beautiful object4 ,it does best1 as do its hybrids1 on a wall in a warm dry position3 but it will not flower until it is thoroughly established4 ,maria ,leonida is a hybrid of the early nineteenth century1 very beautiful when its very full white flowers1 slightly flushed in the centre with pink1 open properly4 ,but they need plenty of sun and a sheltered position to do so in perfection4 ,rosa ,lucida and ,lucida plena are two rose-coloured hybrids with handsome reddish foliage4 ,with the ,noisettes1 ,musk1 and ,macartney roses1 we have only touched the fringe of autumn flowering climbers4 ,and three most important classes remain to be noticed4 ,these are-- ,,climbing ,,hybrid ,,perpetuals1 ,,teas1 ,,and ,,hybrid ,,teas4 ,among the ,hybrid ,perpetuals there are several line climbing roses1 as well as climbing sports of well-known dwarfs1 which are valuable to this class4 ,while roses of specially vigorous growth1 but not usually counted as climbers1 such as ,magna ,charta1 ,margaret ,dickson1 ,pierre ,notting1 and others1 make admirable pillars4 ,but it is among the ,tea and ,hybrid ,tea roses that we find our richest harvest of autumn flowering climbers4 ,some of these are pure climbers1 such as the noble ,gloire de ,dijon and its descendants2 and ,cheshunt ,hybrid1 ,reine ,marie ,henriette1 ,reine ,olga de ,wurtemberg1 ,belle ,lyonnaise1 etc4 ,many of these and others do grandly as tall standards1 making fine heads covered with bloom4 ,and many more can be grown as isolated bush roses1 planted out singly with plenty of space round them4 ,gruss an ,teplitz1 ,gustave ,regis1 ,mme4 ,jules ,gravereaux1 the exquisite ,lady ,waterlow1 and ,cooling's ,apple ,blossom1 are specially suited to this form of growth4 ,in the following lists of these three groups of roses1 ,i have1 for convenience sake1 placed ,teas and ,hybrid ,teas together4 ,,noisette ,,roses1 ,r4 ,noisettiana4 ,aimee ,vibert4 ,vibert1 #ahbh4 ,white1 climbing2 there is also a dwarf form4 ,alister ,stella ,gray4 ,gray1 #ahie4 ,pale yellow1 orange centre4 ,bouquet d',or4 ,ducher1 #ahgc4 ,pale yellow1 centre copper4 ,celine ,forestier4 ,trouillard1 #ahdb4 ,pale yellow4 ,cloth of ,gold4 ,coquereau1 #ahdc4 ,golden yellow1 sulphur edges4 ,crepuscule4 ,dubreuil1 #aije4 ,rich copper yellow and nasturtium red4 ,fellenberg4 ,fellenberg1 #aheg4 ,rosy crimson1 suitable for a dwarf wall1 or pillar4 ,fortune's ,yellow4 ,fortune1 #ahde4 ,orange yellow1 shaded metallic red1 summer flowering4 ,jaune ,desprez4 ,desprez1 about #ahbe4 ,buff1 pink1 sulphur and red1 variable4 ,lamarque4 ,marechal1 #ahcj4 ,white1 shaded lemon4 ,l',ideal4 ,nabonnand1 #ahhg4 ,metallic red1 tinted yellow4 ,madame ,carnot4 ,moreau-,robert1 #ahij4 ,golden yellow1 coppery centre4 ,madame ,caroline ,kuster4 ,pernet1 #ahgc4 ,pale yellow4 ,madame ,pierre ,cochet4 ,cochet1 #ahib4 ,deep orange yellow1 dwarf wall4 ,marechal ,niel4 ,pradel1 #ahfd4 ,deep golden yellow4 ,marie ,therese ,dubourg4 ,godard1 #ahhi4 ,coppery golden yellow4 ,ophirie4 ,goubault1 #ahda4 ,nankeen and copper4 ,reve d',or4 ,ducher1 #ahgj4 ,coppery buff yellow4 ,solfaterre4 ,boyeau1 #ahdc4 ,fine sulphur yellow4 ,souv4 de ,prince ,c4 d',arenberg4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #ahig4 ,canary yellow4 ,triomphe de ,rennes4 ,eug4 ,verdier1 #aheg4 ,canary yellow4 ,wasily ,chludoff4 ,coppery red1 tinted yellow4 ,william ,allen ,richardson4 ,ducher1 #ahgh4 ,fine orange yellow4 ,,hybrid ,,perpetuals1 ,,climbing4 ,ards ,rover4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahif4 ,deep crimson4 ,brightness of ,cheshunt4 ,paul ,son1 #ahhb4 ,brick red4 ,climbing ,bessie ,johnson4 ,paul ,son1 #ahii4 ,white1 tinged pink4 ,captain ,hayward4 ,paul ,son1 #aijf4 ,charles ,lefebvre4 ,eugenie ,verdier4 ,paul ,son4 ,frau ,carl ,druschki4 ,lawrenson1 #aijf4 ,glory of ,cheshunt4 ,paul ,son4 ,hippolyte ,jamain4 ,paul ,son1 #ahhg4 ,jules ,margottin4 ,pride of ,waltham4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #ahhg4 ,suzanne ,marie ,rodocanachi4 ,paul ,son4 ,victor ,verdier4 ,paul ,son1 #ahgb4 ,gloire de ,margottin4 ,margottin1 #ahhh4 ,bright cherry red4 ,glory of ,waltham4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son4 ,crimson1 very sweet4 ,madame ,edmee ,cocteau4 ,colour of ,captain ,christy4 ,marechal ,vaillant4 ,purplish red4 ,paul's ,single ,white4 ,paul ,son4 ,pure white1 single4 ,princess ,louise ,victoria4 ,knight1 #ahgb4 ,carmine shading to peach4 ,,note4--,where no colours are indicated1 the climbing sports are exactly like the dwarf roses of the same name4 ,,teas ,,and ,,hybrid ,,teas1 ,,climbing4 ,pink and ,rose4 ,apple ,blossom4 ,cooling1 #aijf4 ,colour of apple blossoms1 pillar or bush4 ,climbing ,captain ,christy4 ,ducher1 #ahha4 ,even finer than the dwarf4 ,belle ,siebrecht 7syn4 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,j4 ,grant74 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #ahii4 ,caroline ,testout4 ,chauvry1 #aijb4 ,la ,france4 ,p4 ,henderson1 #ahic4 ,mme4 de ,watteville4 ,fauque-,laurent1 #aijb4 ,dawn4 ,paul ,son1 #ahih4 ,large semi-double1 rosy pink4 ,england's ,glory4 ,wood1 #aijb4 ,flesh with pink centre4 ,lady ,waterlow4 ,nabonnand1 #aijb4 ,clear salmon pink1 large petals edged crimson4 ,madame ,charles ,monnier4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #aijb4 ,rosy flesh1 shaded salmon4 ,madame ,jules ,gravereaux4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aija4 ,buff1 shaded peach4 ,madame ,marie ,lavalley4 ,nabonnand1 #ahhj4 ,bright rose1 reflexed white4 ,papillon4 ,nabonnand1 #ahhb4 ,pink and white1 shaded copper4 ,pink ,rover4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #ahij4 ,pale pink1 very fragrant4 ,princess ,may4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son4 ,soft opaque pink4 ,,tea ,,and ,,hybrid ,,tea ,,climbing ,,roses4 ,salmon1 orange1 yellow4 ,billiard et ,barre4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #ahii1 golden yellow4 ,bouquet d',or4 ,ducher1 #ahgb4 ,yellow1 coppery centre4 ,climbing ,perle des ,jardins4 ,j4 ,henderson1 #ahia4 ,comte de ,torres4 ,a4 ,schwartz1 #aijf4 ,salmon white1 pink centre4 ,duchesse d',auerstadt4 ,bernaix1 #ahhg4 ,pure yellow bud1 shaded nankeen4 ,e4 ,veyrat ,hermanos4 ,bernaix1 #ahie4 ,apricot1 reflexed deep red4 ,germaine ,trochon4 ,salmon flesh1 centre nankeen yellow4 ,gloire de ,dijon4 ,jacotot1 #ahec4 ,buff or salmon yellow1 centre orange4 ,gustave ,regis4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #ahij4 ,nankeen yellow1 pillar or bush4 ,henriette de ,beauveau4 ,lacharme1 #ahhg4 ,clear yellow4 ,kaiserin ,friedrich4 ,drogemuller1 #ahij4 ,bright yellow4 ,le ,soleil4 ,dubreuil1 #ahib4 ,chrome and canary4 ,mme4 ,auguste ,choutet4 ,yellow or deep orange4 ,mme4 ,barthelemy ,levet4 ,levet pere1 #ahhj4 ,canary yellow4 ,mme4 ,berard4 ,levet1 #ahgb4 ,fawn1 touched red4 ,mme4 ,chauvry4 ,bonnaire1 #ahhg4 ,nankeen yellow4 ,mme4 ,eugene ,verdier4 ,levet1 #ahhb4 ,deep chamois yellow4 ,mme4 ,hector ,leuillot4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #aijd4 ,golden yellow1 tinted carmine4 ,mme4 ,moreau4 ,moreau1 #ahij4 ,coppery yellow1 deeper centre1 reverse apricot4 ,marechal ,niel4 ,see ,noisette roses4 ,souv4 de ,l4 ,viennot4 ,bernaix1 #ahig4 ,jonquil yellow1 shaded china rose4 ,white and ,lemon4 ,belle ,lyonnaise4 ,levet1 #ahfi4 ,canary yellow and white4 ,climbing ,devoniensis4 ,pavitt1 #aheh4 ,climbing ,kaiserin ,augusta ,victoria4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahig4 ,climbing ,niphetos4 ,keynes ,co4 #ahhi4 7,these three last roses need a very warm wall1 and are best under glass47 ,gloire des ,blanches4 ,vigneron1 #aije4 ,pure white4 ,mme4 ,jules ,siegfried4 ,creamy white shaded flesh4 ,valentine ,altermann4 ,pure white1 semi-double4 ,red4 ,ards ,pillar4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijb4 ,rich velvety crimson4 ,cheshunt ,hybrid4 ,paul ,son1 #ahgc4 ,cherry red4 ,climbing ,meteor4 ,climbing ,papa ,gontier4 ,goubault1 #aijc4 ,climbing ,souv4 de ,wootton4 ,dr4 ,rouges4 ,vve4 ,schwartz1 #ahid4 ,red1 yellowish centre1 irregular form4 ,francois ,crousse4 ,guillot1 #aijj4 ,fiery crimson red4 ,gruss an ,teplitz4 ,geschwind1 #ahig4 ,brightest scarlet crimson4 ,lina ,schmidt-,michel1 #aijf4 ,bright lake rose4 ,longworth ,rambler4 ,liabaud1 #ahhj4 ,light crimson1 semi-double4 ,mohrenkoenig4 ,monsieur ,desir4 ,pernet pere1 #ahhi4 ,crimson4 ,morgenroth4 ,p4 ,lambert1 #aijc4 ,bright crimson1 white centre1 single4 ,noella ,nabonnand4 ,nabonnand1 #aijj4 ,velvety crimson4 ,progress4 ,bright carmine1 semi-double4 ,reine ,marie ,henriette4 ,levet1 #ahgc4 ,deep cherry red4 ,reine ,olga de ,wurtemburg4 ,nabonnand1 #ahha4 ,vivid red4 ,semi-double4 ,souv4 de ,madame ,metral4 ,bernaix1 #ahhh4 ,cherry red4 ,waltham ,climbers4 #a4 #b4 #c4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #ahhe4 ,shades of crimson2 #a1 brightest1 #c1 darkest4 ,,chapter ,,vi ,,tea ,,roses1 ,r4 ,indica odorata4 ,,the popular fallacy which universally prevailed forty to fifty years ago with regard to the extreme delicacy of ,tea roses1 has happily been exploded by the experience of later years4 ,it was then supposed that no ,tea rose could possibly stand the ,english winter if planted out of doors4 ,and so firmly was this belief fixed in the minds of all amateurs1 that if they were so reckless 7in their own eyes7 as to plant a ,tea rose anywhere except in a greenhouse1 the careful treatment they bestowed on the unfortunate specimen went far to prove the rule4 ,for not only was it pruned in the autumn3 but so coddled and smothered up in straw and matting that it could not breathe2 and as every bud was made doubly tender by this means1 when at last it saw the light again it was pretty sure to die of absolute anaemia4 ,the older gardeners of the fifties would look in amaze on our glorious beds of ,tea roses1 flowering in some cases up to ,christmas1 and beginning again as happily as ever the next ,june4 ,while to us of the present day1 a rose garden without ,tea roses would be no garden at all4 ,it is not that the modern ,tea rose is hardier than its ancestors2 for some of the old ones1 such as ,souvenir d'un ,ami1 grow as cheerfully in the garden as a ,hybrid ,perpetual4 ,but experience has shown that ,tea roses1 with a very few exceptions1 may be safely grown in the open ground1 if a few simple precautions are observed in their treatment4 ,the first of these is1 of course1 that no pruning should be done till ,april4 ,the second1 that a few fronds of bracken should be drawn through the branches4 ,this in most cases will be found quite sufficient to ward off frost4 ,but as an extra precaution in the event of very severe weather1 the earth may be drawn up some four or five inches round the stems1 so that if by chance a hard frost should cut the upper part of the shoots1 the base may still be kept alive4 ,great care1 however1 must be exercised in uncovering the plants1 the protecting material being removed gradually1 so that growth may not be unduly forced on--only to be cut by the first cold wind--or1 on the other hand1 that the plant may not receive a shock by sudden and complete exposure4 ,standard ,tea roses may be protected by straw tied lightly round the heads1 care being taken not to break the shoots by tying them in too tightly4 ,the history of the ,tea rose in ,europe began just #ajj years ago4 ,the original ,blush tea-scented rose1 ,r4 ,indica odorata1 was brought from ,china in #ahaj4 ,in #ahbd1 the ,yellow ,china or ,tea rose was introduced from ,china by ,mr4 ,parkes4 ,and the ,french growers at once began to raise seedlings from these fruitful parents2 for both in ,france and ,italy the ,yellow ,tea rose seeded freely1 which was not the case in ,england4 ,by about #ahcj the reputation of the ,tea rose was firmly established2 and in the next twenty years many varieties were raised3 but mainly in ,france1 though the finest of all1 ,devoniensis1 was raised by ,mr4 ,foster of ,plymouth in #ahch4 ,the real culture of the ,tea rose by ,english growers1 however1 did not assume much importance until a far later period4 ,some few of these early ,tea roses still hold their own among the host of their brilliant successors--,bougere1 #ahcb2 ,adam1 #ahcc2 ,le ,pactole--now extremely difficult to procure2 ,devoniensis1 #ahch2 ,safrano1 #ahci2 ,mme4 ,willermoz1 #ahdc2 ,niphetos1 #ahdd2 ,souv4 d'un ,ami1 #ahdf2 ,mme4 ,bravy1 #ahdf4 ,but of some dozen or more others in ,mr4 ,rivers' list of #ahdc1 not a trace remains4 ,in #ahec a great development took place1 when ,jacotot introduced an absolutely new type into the race with his ,gloire de ,dijon4 ,this rose is so distinct1 with its strong constitution1 vigorous growth1 and large foliage1 that one cannot but imagine some other strain1 such as the ,noisette1 must have helped in fertilizing the seed parent of ,gloire de ,dijon4 ,since that notable date1 the raising of new ,tea roses in ,england1 ,france and ,luxembourg1 has developed in an extraordinary manner4 ,and in the last few years ,germany and ,america have added many fine novelties to the bewildering list4 ,among the chief growers in ,england who have devoted themselves in the last fifty years to the production of ,tea roses1 we find ,messrs4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 of ,waltham ,cross2 ,ben ,cant1 of ,colchester2 ,paul1 of ,cheshunt2 ,prince1 of ,oxford2 ,frank ,cant1 of ,colchester2 ,alex4 ,dickson1 of ,newtownards2 ,piper1 ,bennett1 etc4 ,in ,france1 ,luxembourg and ,germany1 the famous houses of ,pernet-,ducher1 ,nabonnand1 ,bernaix1 ,bonnaire1 ,cochet1 ,chatenay1 ,guillot1 ,verdier1 ,levet1 ,chauvry1 ,dubreuil1 ,godard1 ,mari1 ,lacharme1 ,leveque1 ,soupert et ,notting1 ,lambert1 ,schwartz1 etc41 are now household words among rose lovers4 ,the influence of the old ,yellow ,tea is to be found among a large proportion of these lovely roses1 in the golden and sulphur base which adds such richness to the endless shades of pink1 crimson1 copper and white4 ,but a pure yellow ,tea rose is still a rarity4 ,and its production is the goal towards which many of the greatest rose-growers are still working4 ,what we all desire is a ,tea rose for bedding of as pure a yellow as the dear old ,persian ,briar1 or ,marechal ,niel1 and one that will stand1 as that glorious rose does1 the hot rays of the sun without changing colour4 ,for1 charming as many of the so-called ,yellow ,tea roses are when they are in bud1 the open flower quickly turns white in the sun4 ,to this object1 as ,i have said1 some of the greatest rose-growers have been devoting their energies for years2 while others are striving as eagerly and with far greater success1 after the development of deep crimson and scarlet ,tea roses4 ,and though they may not yet have attained the absolute perfection they were seeking1 both sets of experiments have resulted of late in some truly magnificent roses1 of various rich shades undreamt of even twenty years ago4 ,in the following lists the roses will be found grouped in colour1 as this may be useful to amateurs who are unacquainted with some of the names4 ,many of those mentioned1 while they are not included in the ,national ,rose ,society's list1 are still well worthy of cultivation in our gardens2 and others1 hardly known in ,england as yet1 have proved most valuable in my own ,hampshire collection and perfectly hardy4 ,among roses that are little known in ,english gardens are ,baronne de ,hoffmann1 a vigorous grower1 vivid copper-red1 with yellow base2 and the invaluable ,m4 ,tillier1 which ,i first saw in the ,paris ,exhibition of #aijj4 ,i have grown it largely since1 and every one is attracted by the bushes1 set thickly with medium-sized imbricated flowers of carmine and brick-red1 borne on upright stems in such numbers that they make a brilliant mark in the garden from a distance4 ,it is perfectly hardy1 and ,i have gathered good blooms at ,christmas4 ,amabilis is a useful china pink rose for decorative purposes1 either in the garden or to cut for the house2 it is strong and hardy4 ,so is ,marquise de ,querhoent1 a strong grower1 of vivid coppery salmon and china red4 ,ducher's ,coquette de ,lyon is another admirable bedding rose1 which is not much grown in ,england4 ,the flowers which cover the plant are full1 well-shaped1 of medium size1 a pale canary yellow1 and last long in water4 ,i would also call attention to other roses which1 though well known to collectors and exhibitors1 might be more generally cultivated by the ordinary amateur4 ,these are the delightful ,g4 ,nabonnand1 ,duchesse ,marie ,salviati1 ,mrs4 ,b4 ,r4 ,cant--an admirable rose--,madame ,constant ,soupert1 a new and most brilliant variety2 ,souvenir de ,pierre ,notting--best on a standard1 but excellent in every way2 ,general ,schablikine1 absolutely invaluable1 as it is covered with bloom from ,june to ,november2 ,innocent ,pirola1 one of the best creamy whites2 ,peace1 a newer and very beautiful rose1 pale lemon1 carrying its fine flowers singly on strong erect stalks2 and the older ,souv4 de ,s4 ,a4 ,prince1 a pure white sport from ,souv4 d'un ,ami4 ,the climbing ,tea roses will be found in another chapter4 ,,pink1 ,,rose1 ,,salmon1 ,,peach4 ,archiduchesse ,marie ,immaculata4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #ahhg4 ,brick red4 ,adam4 ,adam1 #ahcc4 ,rose1 shaded salmon4 ,baronne ,h4 de ,loew4 ,nabonnand1 #ahhi4 ,tender rose1 yellow centre4 ,boadicea4 ,w4 ,paul ,son1 #aija4 ,pale peach1 tinted rose4 ,bridesmaid4 ,may1 #ahic4 ,clear pink4 ,catherine ,mermet4 ,j4 ,b4 ,guillot fils1 #ahfi4 ,light rosy flesh4 ,cecile-,charles4 ,schwartz1 #aijg4 ,pale rosy salmon1 edged carmine1 fragrant4 ,comtesse de ,breteuil4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #ahic4 ,salmon rose1 peach centre4 ,comtesse de ,nadaillac4 ,guillot1 #ahga4 ,peach1 shaded apricot1 salmon base2 an exhibitor's rose4 ,dr4 ,grill4 ,bonnaire1 #ahhf4 ,clear rose1 centre salmon4 ,duchesse ,maria ,salviati4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #ahij4 ,rosy flesh1 shaded chrome1 fragrant4 ,ernest ,metz4 ,guillot1 #ahhi4 ,soft carmine-rose1 reverse of petals deeper4 ,ethel ,brownlow4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahhg4 ,bright salmon-pink1 yellow base4 ,franciska ,kruger4 ,nabonnand1 #ahgi4 ,copper1 shaded peach4 ,g4 ,nabonnand4 ,nabonnand1 #ahhi4 ,pale flesh1 shaded yellow4 ,homere4 ,robert1 #ahei4 ,rose-edged1 salmon centre4 ,jean ,ducher4 ,ducher1 #ahgd4 ,salmon yellow1 shaded peach4 ,lena4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijf4 ,glowing apricot4 ,madame ,antoine ,mari4 ,mari1 #aijb4 ,rose1 washed with white4 ,madame ,cusin4 ,guillot1 #ahha4 ,rose1 lighter centre4 ,madame ,georges ,durrschmidt4 ,peletier1 #ahie4 ,china rose1 cerise centre1 fragrant4 ,madame ,lambard4 ,lacharme1 #ahgg4 ,bright rose4 ,madame ,jules ,gravereaux4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aija4 ,chamois yellow1 rosy peach centre4 ,madame ,philemon ,cochet4 ,clear rose1 shaded salmon4 ,maman ,cochet4 ,cochet1 #ahic4 ,carmine1 shaded salmon-yellow4 ,mathilde ,liegeard4 ,nabonnand1 #aijg4 ,pearly rose1 touched carmine4 ,mrs4 ,b4 ,r4 ,cant4 ,b4 ,r4 ,cant1 #aija4 ,deep rose outer petals1 inner petals silvery rose4 ,mrs4 ,edward ,mawley4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahii4 ,bright carmine1 shaded salmon4 ,morning ,glow4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #aijb4 ,rosy crimson1 suffused orange and fawn4 ,nellie ,johnstone4 ,paul ,son1 #aijf4 ,pure rose pink4 ,paul ,nabonnand4 ,nabonnand1 #ahgh4 ,hydrangea pink4 ,rainbow4 ,sievers1 #ahia4 ,sport from ,papa ,gontier1 pink1 striped crimson4 ,rose d',evian4 ,bernaix1 #ahie4 ,china rose outside1 lined carmine4 ,souvenir d'un ,ami4 ,defougere1 #ahdf4 ,salmon-rose4 ,souvenir de ,paul ,neyron4 ,levet1 #ahgb4 ,salmon1 edged rose4 ,souvenir de ,william ,robinson4 ,bernaix1 #aijj4 ,fawn1 shaded pink and yellow4 ,sunrise4 ,piper1 #ahii4 ,outer petals carmine1 shading to pale fawn and salmon within4 ,,yellow1 ,,buff1 ,,and ,,apricot4 ,alexandra4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #aija4 ,copper yellow1 streaked with orange4 ,anna ,olivier4 ,ducher1 #ahgb4 ,buff1 flushed pink4 ,antoine ,devert4 ,gonod1 #ahha4 ,clear straw colour4 ,belle ,lyonnaise4 ,levet1 #ahfi4 ,deep lemon1 climbing4 ,billiard et ,barre4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #ahii4 ,deep golden yellow4 ,blumenschmidt1 ,j4 ,c4 ,schmidt1 #aijg4 ,bright lemon yellow1 edged pink4 ,comtesse ,alexandra ,kinsky4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aije4 ,white1 centre apricot yellow4 ,comtesse de ,frigneuse4 ,guillot1 #ahhf4 ,fine canary yellow4 ,georges ,schwartz4 ,schwartz1 #aijj4 ,deep canary yellow4 ,goldquelle4 ,lambert1 #ahii4 ,clear golden yellow4 ,harry ,kirk4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijg4 ,deep sulphur yellow4 ,hugo ,roller4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #aijg4 ,lemon yellow1 edged crimson4 ,j4 ,f4 ,giraud4 ,ketter1 #aijg4 ,golden yellow1 centre saffron4 ,jean ,pernet4 ,pernet1 #ahfi4 ,clear yellow4 ,lady ,mary ,corry4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijj4 ,deep golden yellow4 ,lena4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijf4 ,glowing apricot1 edged primrose4 ,madame ,barthelemy ,levet4 ,levet pere1 #ahhj4 ,canary yellow1 climbing4 ,madame ,chauvry4 ,bonnaire1 #ahhg4 ,nankeen yellow4 ,madame ,chedanne ,guinoisseau4 ,leveque1 #ahhj4 ,clear bright yellow4 ,madame ,c4 ,p4 ,strassheim4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #ahih4 ,yellowish-white in summer1 turning sulphur and buff in autumn4 ,madame ,constant ,soupert4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijf4 ,dark golden-yellow1 strongly-tinted peach-pink4 ,madame ,edmond ,sablayrolles4 ,bonnaire1 #aijg4 ,clear yellow1 orange centre4 ,madame ,falcot4 ,guillot1 #aheh4 ,deep apricot yellow4 ,madame ,pol ,varin-,bernier4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijg4 ,melon-yellow shaded2 a yellow ,richmond4 ,mrs4 ,dudley ,cross4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #aijg4 ,pale chamois yellow1 with touches of rose and crimson in autumn4 ,perle de ,lyon4 ,ducher1 #ahgc4 ,deep yellow4 ,perle des ,jardins4 ,levet1 #ahgd4 ,deep straw-colour4 ,perle des ,jaunes4 ,reymond1 #aijd4 ,deep orange yellow1 tinted salmon4 ,rose ,gubert4 ,nabonnand1 #aijg4 ,tender bright yellow1 deep centre4 ,safrano4 ,beauregard1 #ahci4 ,bright apricot4 ,souvenir de ,pierre ,notting4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijc4 ,apricot-yellow1 blended copper-yellow4 ,souvenir de ,stella ,gray4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijg4 ,deep orange1 veined yellow1 apricot1 and crimson4 ,sulphurea4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #aijb4 ,sulphur yellow4 ,sunset4 ,henderson1 #ahhd4 ,deep apricot4 ,,crimson ,,and ,,copper-,,red4 ,albert ,durand4 ,schwartz1 #aijf4 ,coppery carmine1 shaded flesh4 ,amabilis4 ,china red4 ,bardou ,job4 ,nabonnand1 #ahhg4 ,glowing crimson4 ,baronne de ,hoffmann1 ,nabonnand1 #ahhg4 ,copper and crimson4 ,baronne ,henriette ,snoy4 ,bernaix1 #ahih4 ,petals carnation inside1 outside carmine pink4 ,beaute ,inconstante4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #ahic4 ,coppery-red1 shaded carmine and yellow4 ,betty ,berkeley4 ,bernaix1 #aijd4 ,bright red1 shading to crimson4 ,christine de ,noue4 ,guillot fils1 #ahia4 ,deep purple red1 shaded pink4 ,corallina4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #aijj4 ,deep rose4 ,empress ,alexandra of ,russia4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #ahih4 ,lake1 shaded orange and crimson4 ,francois ,dubreuil4 ,dubreuil1 #ahie4 ,deep crimson4 ,frau ,dr4 ,thelka ,schlegelmilch4 ,welter1 #aijb4 ,bright red1 shaded velvet crimson4 ,freiherr von ,marschall4 ,lambert1 #aijc4 ,dark carmine4 ,general ,schablikine4 ,nabonnand1 #ahgi4 ,coppery-red4 ,lady ,roberts4 ,frank ,cant1 #aijb4 ,rich apricot1 copper-red base4 ,l',ideal4 ,nabonnand1 #ahhg4 ,yellow and metallic red4 ,ma ,capucine4 ,levet1 #ahga4 ,bronzy yellow1 shaded red4 ,monsieur ,desir4 ,pernet pere1 #ahhi4 ,crimson4 ,monsieur ,tillier4 ,bernaix1 #ahib4 ,carmine and brick-red4 ,mrs4 ,reynolds ,hole4 ,nabonnand1 #aijj4 ,dark purple pink1 centre crimson4 ,papa ,gontier4 ,nabonnand1 #ahhc4 ,rosy crimson4 ,princesse de ,sagan4 ,dubreuil1 #ahhg4 ,deep cherry red1 shaded maroon4 ,salmonea4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #aijb4 ,bright crimson with light salmon centre4 ,souvenir de ,catherine ,guillot4 ,guillot1 #ahif4 ,coppery carmine1 and orange4 ,souvenir ,j4 ,b4 ,guillot4 ,guillot1 #ahig4 ,nasturtium-red1 shaded to crimson and rose4 ,souvenir ,therese ,levet4 ,levet1 #ahhb4 ,brownish crimson4 ,,white ,,and ,,pale ,,lemon4 ,caroline ,kuster4 ,pernet1 #ahgb4 ,pale yellow4 ,chateau des ,bergeries4 ,ledechaux1 #ahhf4 ,very pale canary yellow1 centre darker4 ,comtesse ,eva de ,starhemberg4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #ahia4 ,cream1 centre ochre4 ,comtesse de ,saxe4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aije4 ,porcelain white4 ,coquette de ,lyon4 ,pernet ,ducher1 #ahgb4 ,pale canary yellow4 ,devoniensis4 ,foster1 #ahch4 ,white1 touched lemon4 ,tender4 ,enchantress4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #ahif4 ,creamy white4 ,etoile de ,lyon4 ,guillot1 #ahha4 ,deep lemon4 ,grand ,duchess ,olga4 ,leveque1 #ahig4 ,creamy white4 ,golden ,gate4 ,dingee ,conard1 #ahib4 ,creamy white1 yellow base4 ,hon4 ,edith ,gifford4 ,guillot1 #ahhb4 ,white1 centre flesh4 ,innocent ,pirola4 ,ducher1 #ahgh4 ,creamy white1 shaded yellow4 ,isabella ,sprunt4 ,verchaffelt1 #ahff4 ,pale sulphur4 ,ivory4 ,america ,rose ,co41 #aijb4 ,ivory-white sport from ,golden ,gate4 ,le ,pactole4 ,sulphur yellow1 pointed buds4 ,madame ,bravy4 ,guillot1 #ahdf4 ,white1 centre tinted pink4 ,madame ,carnot4 ,pernet1 #ahid4 ,yellowish white on deep yellow ground4 ,madame ,hoste4 ,guillot1 #ahhg4 ,primrose yellow4 ,madame de ,watteville4 ,guillot1 #ahhc4 ,salmon white1 petals edged bright rose4 ,marie ,van ,houtte4 ,ducher1 #ahga4 ,canary yellow1 petals tipped rose4 ,marquis de ,moustier4 ,dubreuil1 #aijf4 ,ivory1 reflexed pearly white4 ,medea4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #ahia4 ,lemon yellow1 canary centre4 ,mrs4 ,miles ,kennedy4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijf4 ,silvery white1 shaded buff1 pink centre4 ,muriel ,grahame4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahih4 ,pale cream1 flushed rose4 ,niphetos4 ,bougere1 #ahdd4 ,pure white4 ,peace4 ,piper1 #aijb4 ,pale lemon4 ,illustration3 ,,tea4 ,,white ,,maman ,,cochet4 ,reine ,natalie de ,serbie4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #ahhf4 ,creamy flesh4 ,rubens4 ,robert1 #ahei4 ,white1 delicately tinted rose4 ,souvenir d',elise ,vardon4 ,marest1 #ahed4 ,creamy white4 ,souvenir de ,gabrielle ,drevet4 ,guillot1 #ahfe4 ,salmon white4 ,souvenir de ,s4 ,a4 ,prince4 ,prince1 #ahhi4 ,pure white sport from ,souv4 d'un ,ami4 ,the ,bride4 ,may1 #ahhe4 ,white sport from ,catherine ,mermet4 ,white ,maman ,cochet4 ,cook1 #ahih4 ,white sport from ,maman ,cochet4 ,,chapter ,,vii ,,hybrid ,,tea-,,roses1 ,r4 indica odorata hybrida ,,of all gracious gifts that the patient science of hybridists has bestowed on rose-lovers1 the development of the ,hybrid ,tea is perhaps the greatest4 ,for here we have a rose with the substance and vigorous constitution of the ,hybrid ,perpetual1 one of its parents1 and the varied and delicate colours of its other parent1 the ,tea rose4 ,whether for the garden1 to keep it brilliant with blossom from early summer to latest autumn1 or to deck the exhibition bench with largest and most lovely blooms1 the ,hybrid ,tea stands unrivalled4 ,and yet in #ahfg there was but one solitary specimen of the race in existence1 and that one was not recognized as being the forerunner of a new family1 or distinct in any way1 except in its beauty4 ,for the noble rose ,la ,france1 which ,m4 ,guillot sent out in that year1 was classed then1 and for many years after1 as a ,hybrid ,perpetual4 ,it was not until #ahgc that ,messrs4 ,paul ,son1 of ,cheshunt1 sent out the first so-called ,hybrid ,tea1 the ,cheshunt ,hybrid4 ,though in the same year ,lacharme introduced that priceless rose ,captain ,christy3 but this1 like ,la ,france1 was for many years classed with the ,hybrid ,perpetuals4 ,illustration3 ,,hybrid ,,tea4 ,,bardou ,,job4 ,other new roses of this new race followed slowly--very slowly--till #ahij4 ,i have just gone carefully through the catalogues of the chief ,english and foreign rose-growers2 and find that in #ahhi only twenty-four ,hybrid ,teas were known4 ,there were some truly admirable roses among them4 ,camoens came in #ahha4 ,lady ,mary ,fitzwilliam1 one of the most valuable1 #ahhb4 ,delightful ,papa ,gontier1 #ahhc4 ,grace ,darling and ,gloire ,lyonnaise1 #ahhd--the latter a rose which is not as generally cultivated as it should be2 for grown as a bush it is the perfection of an autumn rose4 ,viscountess ,folkestone1 #ahhf4 ,bardou ,job1 #ahhg--;a slightly capricious rose in some places3 but so beautiful with its great semi-double flowers of scarlet-crimson flaked with velvety-black1 that one bears with its little ways patiently1 rejoicing when it condescends to respond to one's care4 ,in #ahhh came ,bennett's ,the ,meteor4 ,in #ahhi ,augustine ,guinoisseau1 invaluable for massing4 ,and either that year or the next1 the gorgeous and thorny ,marquise de ,salisbury4 ,but the real development of the race began in #ahij4 ,and since then each year has seen one superb rose after another produced in such numbers1 that it is as difficult to keep count of them as to determine which of the magnificent novelties should be picked out for special mention4 ,it must be noted that there has been rather too great a tendency to raise enormous roses of slightly pale colouring1 and among them many are merely fit for exhibition and of little use to the amateur for garden purposes4 ,but of late these faint shades have been successfully fought against2 and while size has been preserved the colours are growing deeper and richer each year4 ,so that we are surely drawing nearer the not impossible day when we may get ,hybrid ,tea roses as brilliant a red or yellow as ,duke of ,edinburgh or ,marechal ,niel1 as large as ,frau ,karl ,druschki1 and as fragrant1 let us hope1 as ,la ,france4 ,as it is1 it is difficult to imagine anything much more vivid than the orange1 deep salmon-pink1 copper-red1 and rosy-apricot of some of the novelties of #aijf-g-h4 ,among them may be noted ,messrs4 ,alex4 ,dickson ,son's ,dorothy ,page-,roberts1 ,souvenir de ,stella ,gray2 ,messrs4 ,wm4 ,paul's ,warrior2 ,,mm4 ,soupert et ,notting's magnificent ,mme4 ,segond ,weber1 ,mme4 ,j4 ,w4 ,budde1 ,marichu ,zayas2 ,m4 ,pernet-,ducher's ,mme4 ,maurice de ,luze1 and ,mrs4 ,aaron ,ward4 ,these roses1 as ,i have said1 are the result of crossings between the ,hybrid ,perpetual and the ,tea rose4 ,and if we think for a moment how these two families came into existence1 we shall see what a curious and interesting blending of many different strains has been needed to develop this beautiful and valuable race4 ,but the end has not come yet to what may be accomplished4 ,and there can be no doubt that many remarkable developments in the history of rose-growing still lie before us and succeeding generations1 when the results of fresh experiments with the ,wichuraiana1 the ,rugosa1 and other roses are made known4 ,illustration3 ,,single ,,hybrid ,,tea4 ,,irish ,,elegance4 ,illustration3 ,,single ,,hybrid ,,tea4 ,,irish ,,glory4 ,one most interesting and valuable development of the race has already been made1 and must not be passed over in silence4 ,i mean the single ,irish roses of ,messrs4 ,alex4 ,dickson ,sons1 which form a little class to themselves4 ,these roses are most attractive1 as they are densely covered through the whole season with flowers of varied and vivid colours1 pure white1 coral pink1 brilliant crimson1 bronzy-scarlet1 old-gold and rose1 saffron and rose4 ,and when we add to these beautiful shades their fragrance1 their handsome glossy foliage1 their bushy growth1 and their vigorous hardy constitution1 it is not surprising that since their first appearance in #aijj they have rushed into favour1 and received many cards of commendation from the ,n4 ,r4 ,s4 ,with such a wealth of fine varieties to choose from1 it is a little difficult to make a selection of the very best4 ,but the surest guide is the judges' verdict at recent shows for exhibition roses and those of the decorative class1 as shown in the admirable analysis drawn up by ,mr4 ,edward ,mawley1 the distinguished honorary secretary of the ,national ,rose ,society4 ,to this analysis ,i have added a few of my own favourites1 and some of the very newest roses which have hardly yet found their place in ,english shows4 ,illustration3 ,,hybrid ,,tea4 ,,caroline ,,testout4 ,,pink ,,and ,,rose ,,hybrid ,,teas4--,i rejoice to see that my own selection almost heads the list--the beautiful ,caroline ,testout2 for this is a rose suited to every purpose1 whether for exhibition1 massing in the garden1 or growing as a noble standard4 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,j4 ,grant 7syn4 ,belle ,siebrecht7 stands next2 followed by ,la ,france1 ,lady ,ashtown1 ,killarney--but let this be grown quite by itself1 as it is one of the worst roses for mildew--,gustave ,gruenerwald1 a rose ,i have not yet grown1 but one of the most satisfactory2 ,countess of ,caledon1 ,mrs4 ,theodore ,roosevelt1 ,gladys ,harkness1 ,william ,shean1 ,mme4 ,abel ,chatenay1 ,mme4 ,jules ,grolez1 one of the most useful of rose colour1 ,papa ,lambert1 ,robert ,scott4 ,others of the newest pink roses are ,celia1 ,gabrielle ,pierrette1 ,hon4 ,ina ,bingham1 ,h4 ,armytage ,moore1 ,maria ,girard4 ,among crimsons the best are the well known and beautiful ,liberty1 ,marquise de ,salisbury1 ,hugh ,dickson1 ,j4 ,b4 ,clark1 ,richmond1 ,c4 ,j4 ,grahame1 ,reine ,olga de ,wurtemburg1 ,etoile de ,france1 ,lady ,rossmore1 ,triumph1 ,gruss an ,teplitz1 ,morgenrot1 ,bardou ,job1 ,the ,dandy1 ,warrior1 and two grand novelties1 the ,american rose ,general ,mac ,arthur1 and ,john ,laing ,paul1 little known as yet1 but certain to be widely grown1 as is ,ecarlate1 said to be an even better rose than ,liberty and ,richmond4 ,illustration3 ,,hybrid ,,tea4 ,,madame ,,ravary4 ,in those remarkable shades of apricot1 salmon1 coppery-pink and carmine1 upon a yellow or orange base1 the choice is very considerable4 ,and although it is as yet almost unknown in ,england1 having only been sent out this spring 7#aijh71 ,i venture to predict a leading position in the near future for ,,mm4 ,soupert et ,notting's grand salmon-pink novelty1 ,mme4 ,segond ,weber1 which1 for shape1 size1 colour and delicious fragrance is perhaps the finest rose ,i know4 ,betty is one of those vivid modern roses whose colour1 coppery-rose shaded gold1 is as hard to describe as it is beautiful4 ,while ,dorothy ,page-,roberts1 ,souv4 de ,stella ,gray1 ,marquise de ,sinety1 ,mme4 ,maurice de ,luze1 ,edu ,meyer1 ,countess ,annesley1 ,mrs4 ,harvey ,thomas1 and ,souv4 de ,maria ,zozaya1 are all remarkable for their strong and brilliant colouring4 ,among the yellow shades from palest lemon to deep orange1 the choice is not so great2 but there are many good roses to choose from1 beginning with the two novelties1 of #aijg--,pernet-,ducher's great ,indian yellow rose1 ,mrs4 ,aaron ,ward1 which promises well1 and ,alex4 ,dickson ,son's brilliant yellow ,harry ,kirk4 ,of older roses few are better than the noble ,madame ,ravary1 ,ferdinand ,batel1 the delightful ,gustave ,regis1 ,gloire ,lyonnaise1 ,duchess of ,portland1 and ,kaiserin ,augusta ,victoria4 ,mrs4 ,peter ,blair1 #aijf1 is one of the most effective yellows for the garden2 and ,i cannot speak too highly of that little known but very beautiful rose ,peace1 raised by ,piper in #aijc1 its pale lemon yellow flowers borne on long upright stalks are invaluable for cutting throughout the whole season4 ,white and blush hybrid ,teas are many4 ,and the famous ,bessie ,brown1 ,alice ,grahame1 ,mildred ,grant1 ,florence ,pemberton1 ,alice ,lindsell and ,white ,lady are to be seen at every show3 but they are all exhibition roses except ,florence ,pemberton4 ,augustine ,guinoisseau1 however1 is as good a white garden rose as heart can desire2 so is ,lady ,quartus ,ewart2 and as ,kaiserin ,augusta ,victoria and ,peace are so faintly lemon as to be nearly white1 there is no difficulty in making a bed of white ,hybrid ,teas4 ,,hybrid ,,tea ,,roses ,,pink ,,and ,,rose4 ,aimee ,cochet4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijb4 ,flesh1 with rosy peach centre4 ,angel ,peluffo4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aije4 ,interior of petals rosy flesh1 centre rose4 ,baronin ,armgard von ,biel4 ,welter1 #aijf4 ,satin pink2 a brighter ,la ,france4 ,belle ,siebrecht4 7,see ,mrs4 ,w4 ,j4 ,grant47 ,camoens4 ,schwartz1 #ahhb4 ,bright rich ,china rose4 ,captain ,christy4 ,lacharme1 #ahgc4 ,flesh colour1 deeper pink centre4 ,caroline ,testout4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #ahij4 ,bright clear rose4 ,celia4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #aijf4 ,bright satin pink1 darker centre4 ,countess of ,caledon4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahig4 ,carmine rose4 ,denmark4 ,ziener ,lassen1 #ahij4 ,colour of ,la ,france4 ,david ,harum4 ,e4 ,g4 ,hill ,co41 #aijd4 ,rose peach pink4 ,daisy4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahih4 ,rosy pink1 suffused silvery pink4 ,duchess of ,albany4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #ahhh4 ,fine deep pink4 ,england's ,glory4 ,j4 ,wood ,son1 #aijb4 ,flesh1 satin pink centre4 ,farbenkoenigen4 ,hinner1 #aija4 ,imperial pink4 ,frau ,peter ,lambert4 ,walter1 #aijb4 ,rose1 marbled pink4 ,gladys ,harkness4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijj4 ,deep salmon pink1 silvery reverse4 ,gustave ,gruenerwald4 ,p4 ,lambert1 #aijc4 ,carmine pink4 ,h4 ,armytage ,moore4 ,hugh ,dickson1 #aijg4 ,petals rosy pink outside1 silvery inside4 ,helene ,welter4 ,guillot1 #aijc4 ,brilliant rose4 ,hon4 ,ina ,bingham4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aije4 ,pure pink4 ,johanna ,sebus4 ,dr4 ,mueller1 #aijj4 ,rosy cerise4 ,john ,ruskin4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijb4 ,rosy carmine4 ,killarney4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahih4 ,flesh1 suffused shell pink4 ,koenigin ,carola4 ,turke1 #aijd4 ,rose pink4 ,lady ,ashtown4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijd4 ,deep pink4 ,lady ,moyra ,beauclerk4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aija4 ,madder rose1 with silvery reflexes4 ,lady ,mary ,fitzwilliam4 ,bennett1 #ahhb4 ,rosy flesh4 ,lady ,helen ,vincent4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijg4 ,shell pink1 base peach yellow4 ,lady ,wenlock4 ,bernaix1 #aije4 ,pink1 shaded fawn4 ,la ,france4 ,guillot1 #ahfg4 ,bright rose pink4 ,la ,tosca4 ,vve4 ,schwartz1 #aija4 ,silvery pink1 deeper centre4 ,laure ,watinne4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijb4 ,bright rose4 ,lina ,schmidt-,michel4 ,lambert1 #aije4 ,madder pink1 reverse of petals carmine4 ,lohengrin4 ,schmidt1 #aijc4 ,silvery pink1 deeper centre4 ,mme4 ,abel ,chatenay4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #ahie4 ,carmine rose1 shaded salmon4 ,mme4 ,edmee ,metz4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aija4 ,rosy carmine1 shaded salmon4 ,mme4 ,jules ,grolez4 ,guillot1 #ahig4 ,beautiful ,china rose4 ,mme4 ,eugene ,jombart4 ,schwartz1 #aije4 ,pale pink1 centre carmine4 ,mme4 ,leonie ,moissy4 ,vilin1 #aijg4 ,pale rosy salmon1 deeper centre4 ,marichu ,zayas4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijg4 ,strawberry and cream1 shaded rose4 ,maimie4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aija4 ,rose carmine1 yellow base4 ,marianne ,pfitzer4 ,jacobs1 #aijc4 ,rosy flesh1 tinted red4 ,max ,hesdorffer4 ,jacobs1 #aijc4 ,deep rose1 bordered silvery rose4 ,monsieur ,paul ,lede4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #aijc4 ,cinnamon pink1 passing lighter4 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,g4 ,hill4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijf4 ,coral red1 white centre4 ,mrs4 ,g4 ,w4 ,kershaw4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijf4 ,deep rose pink4 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,j4 ,grant 7syn4 ,belle ,siebrecht74 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahie4 ,imperial pink4 ,nance ,christy4 ,b4 ,r4 ,cant1 #aijf4 ,delicate salmon pink1 semi-double4 ,olympiada4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijd4 ,satiny rose4 ,papa ,lambert4 ,p4 ,lambert1 #ahii4 ,rose pink1 deeper centre4 ,princesse ,charles de ,ligne4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijc4 ,silvery pink1 carmine centre4 ,reine ,carola de ,saxe4 ,gamon1 #aijc4 ,flesh pink4 ,robert ,scott4 ,robert ,scott ,son1 #aija4 ,clear rosy pink1 shading to flesh on outer petals4 ,rosel ,klemm4 ,hinner1 #aije4 ,rose1 with silvery reflex4 ,shandon4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahii4 ,bright rose4 ,sheila4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahie4 ,bright rose4 ,souvenir de ,maria de ,zayas4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijf4 ,vivid carmine1 with deeper shading4 ,souvenir de ,maria ,zozaya4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijd4 ,petals coral red outside1 silvery rose inside4 ,william ,askew4 ,guillot1 #aijb4 ,bright pink1 shaded delicate pink4 ,william ,notting4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijd4 ,salmon pink1 reverse of petals coral4 ,william ,shean4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijf4 ,pure pink1 veined ochre2 a grand rose4 ,,salmon ,,and ,,copper ,,pink4 ,antoine ,rivoire4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #ahif4 ,rosy flesh on yellow ground4 ,betty4 ,alex4 ,dickson ,sons1 #aije4 ,coppery rose1 shaded yellow4 ,countess ,annesley4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aije4 ,rosy salmon1 suffused old gold4 ,dean ,hole4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijd4 ,silvery carmine1 shaded salmon4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,campbell ,hall4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijd4 ,coral rose1 suffused white4 ,dorothy ,page-,roberts4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijg4 ,coppery pink4 ,earl of ,warwick4 ,paul ,son1 #aijd4 ,salmon pink1 shaded vermilion4 ,edu ,meyer4 ,lambert1 #aijd4 ,copper red and yellow1 with orange shading4 ,elizabeth ,barnes4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijg4 ,salmon rose1 fawn centre1 outside of petals deep rose4 ,frau ,burgermeister ,kirchstein4 ,jacob1 #aijg4 ,carmine1 shaded salmon4 ,frau ,ernst ,borsig4 ,p4 ,lambert1 #aijg4 ,rosy yellowish carmine4 ,frau ,otto ,evertz4 ,n4 ,welter1 #aijg4 ,salmon pink and yellow4 ,friedrich ,schroeder4 ,hinner1 #aijd4 ,rose1 suffused yellow4 ,herman ,rane4 ,lambert1 #aije4 ,varying from salmon rose to yellowish red4 ,herzog ,friedrich von ,anhalt4 ,welter1 #aijg4 ,salmon carmine1 centre copper red4 ,jeanne ,bariaz4 ,pierre ,guillot1 #aijg4 ,pale salmon1 centre vivid salmon on yellow4 ,joseph ,hill4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #aijd4 ,pink1 shaded salmon copper4 ,kathleen4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahie4 ,coral-pink suffused rose1 yellow base4 ,mme4 ,cadeau-,ramey4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #ahig4 ,rosy flesh1 shaded yellow1 carmine edges4 ,mme4 ,eugene ,boullet4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #ahih4 ,yellow1 shaded carmine4 ,mme4 ,leon ,pain4 ,guillot1 #aijd4 ,silvery salmon1 centre orange1 petals outside salmon pink4 ,mme4 ,melanie ,soupert4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #aijf4 ,salmon yellow1 suffused carmine4 ,mme4 ,paul ,olivier4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #aijc4 ,deep salmon yellow1 shaded rosy carmine4 ,mme4 ,segond ,weber4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijh4 ,rich salmon pink1 very fine and distinct4 ,marguerite ,poiret4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijb4 ,bright china rose1 yellow reflexes4 ,marquise de ,sinety4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #aijf4 ,orange yellow1 shaded fiery red4 ,monsieur ,joseph ,hill4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #aijc4 ,salmon pink1 shaded yellow4 ,mrs4 ,harvey ,thomas4 ,bernaix1 #aijf4 ,carmine1 shaded copper red and yellow4 ,mrs4 ,john ,bateman4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aije4 ,deep china rose1 yellow base4 ,peggy4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aije4 ,claret1 smeared saffron yellow and primrose1 semi-double4 ,pierre ,wattinne4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijb4 ,cerise1 shaded yellow and salmon4 ,pribislav4 ,o4 ,jacobs1 #aijb4 ,orange carmine1 pencilled scarlet4 ,prince de ,bulgarie4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #aijb4 ,deep rosy flesh1 shaded salmon4 ,professor ,fritz ,rober4 ,welter1 #aijf4 ,salmon1 shaded yellow and rose4 ,renee ,wilmart-,urban4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #aijg4 ,salmon flesh1 bordered carmine4 ,rosalind ,orr-,english4 ,e4 ,g4 ,hill ,co41 #aije4 ,bright salmon pink4 ,senateur ,belle4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #aijc4 ,salmon pink1 yellow centre4 ,senateur ,saint ,romme4 ,schwartz1 #aije4 ,rosy salmon1 shaded yellow4 ,,crimson ,,and ,,carmine4 ,avoca4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijg4 ,crimson scarlet4 ,anne ,marie ,soupert4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijd4 ,reddish carmine4 ,baldwin4 ,lambert1 #ahih4 ,pure carmine4 ,baron ,lade4 ,welter1 #aijd4 ,bright carmine4 ,charles4 ,j4 ,grahame4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aije4 ,very bright scarlet crimson4 ,cherry ,ripe4 ,paul ,son1 #aije4 ,light cherry crimson4 ,comtesse ,icy ,hardegg4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijh4 ,deep red4 ,crimson ,crown4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aije4 ,glowing dark crimson1 flowers in clusters4 ,ecarlate4 ,boytard1 #aijg4 ,scarlet crimson1 brighter than ,liberty4 ,etoile de ,france4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #aije4 ,velvety crimson1 centre cerise4 ,exquisite4 ,paul ,son1 #ahii4 ,bright crimson1 shaded magenta4 ,general ,mac,arthur4 ,hill1 #aije4 ,bright crimson4 ,george ,laing ,paul4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijd4 ,reddish crimson4 ,grossherzog von ,oldenburg4 ,welter1 #aijd4 ,dark poppy1 red4 ,gruss an ,sangerhausen4 ,dr4 ,mueller1 #aije4 ,brilliant scarlet1 centre crimson4 ,herzogin ,victoria ,adelheid4 ,welter1 #aijf4 ,clear brilliant red4 ,j4 ,b4 ,clark4 ,hugh ,dickson1 #aije4 ,deep scarlet1 heavily shaded black crimson4 ,lady ,battersea4 ,paul ,son1 #aija4 ,fine cherry crimson4 ,lady ,rossmore4 ,dr4 ,campbell ,hall1 #aijf4 ,reddish crimson1 claret shading4 ,liberty4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijj4 ,brilliant velvety crimson4 ,ma ,tulipe4 ,bonnaire1 #aijj4 ,deep crimson4 ,mme4 ,j4 ,w4 ,budde4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijg4 ,brilliant carmine4 ,marquise de ,salisbury4 ,pernet pere1 #ahhi4 ,bright velvety red4 ,marquise ,litta4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #ahid4 ,carmine rose1 vermilion centre4 ,mrs4 ,a4 ,m4 ,kirker4 ,hugh ,dickson1 #aijf4 ,bright cerise4 ,reine ,marguerite d',italie4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aije4 ,shining carmine1 centre vermilion4 ,rev4 ,david ,r4 ,williamson4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijd4 ,dark crimson1 shaded maroon4 ,richmond4 ,hill ,co41 #aije4 ,pure red scarlet4 ,rosomane ,e4 ,p4 ,roussel4 ,guillot1 #aijg4 ,brilliant crimson4 ,sarah ,bernhardt4 ,dubreuil1 #aijg4 ,scarlet crimson4 ,stadtrat ,f4 ,kahler4 ,geduldig1 #aijg4 ,brilliant fiery red4 ,the ,dandy4 ,paul ,son1 #aije4 ,glowing maroon crimson1 miniature flowers4 ,triumph4 ,j4 ,g4 ,hill ,co41 #aijg4 ,deep carmine and crimson4 ,warrior4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #aijf4 ,buds blood red1 opening vivid scarlet crimson4 ,illustration3 ,,hybrid ,,tea4 ,,marquise ,,litta4 ,,yellow4 ,amateur ,teyssier4 ,gamon1 #aijj4 ,dark saffron yellow1 changing to white4 ,auguste van der ,heede4 ,welter1 #aija4 ,saffron yellow4 ,duchess of ,portland4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aija4 ,pale sulphur yellow1 with an occasional tinge of ,eau de ,nil4 ,ferdinand ,batel4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #ahig4 ,varying from pale rosy flesh on yellow nankeen1 to yellow nankeen orange4 ,franz ,deegen4 ,hinner1 #aija4 ,pale yellow1 centre golden yellow4 ,illustration3 ,,hybrid ,,tea4 ,,madame ,,pernet ,,ducher4 ,friedrich ,harms4 ,welter1 #aija4 ,pale yellow1 with deep yellow centre4 ,gloire ,lyonnaise4 ,guillot1 #ahhd4 ,very pale lemon4 ,goldelse4 ,hinner1 #aijb4 ,pale yellow1 with deeper yellow centre4 ,grossherzogin ,alexandra4 ,jacobs-,welter1 #aijf4 ,clear golden yellow4 ,gustave ,regis4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #ahia4 ,canary yellow1 with orange centre4 ,gustave ,sobry4 ,welter1 #aijb4 ,golden yellow1 passing to clear yellow4 ,harry ,kirk4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijg4 ,deep sulphur yellow1 lighter edges4 ,hofgarten-director ,graebener4 ,p4 ,lambert1 #aijj4 ,rosy yellow and coppery yellow4 ,instituteur ,sirday4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #aijf4 ,deep golden yellow4 ,jakobs ,perle4 ,jakobs1 #aijd4 ,canary yellow4 ,kaiserin ,augusta ,victoria4 ,lambert ,reiter1 #ahia4 ,beautiful primrose4 ,le ,progres4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #aijd4 ,nankeen yellow1 lighter when fully expanded4 ,madame ,jenny ,guillemot4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #aije4 ,deep saffron yellow4 ,madame ,pernet-,ducher4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #ahib4 ,canary yellow4 ,madame ,philippe ,rivoire4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #aije4 ,apricot yellow1 with lighter centre4 ,madame ,ravary4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #aijj4 ,beautiful orange yellow4 ,mrs4 ,david ,m',kee4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijd4 ,creamy yellow4 ,mrs4 ,peter ,blair4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijf4 ,lemon chrome1 with golden yellow centre4 ,peace4 ,piper1 #aijc4 ,pale lemon yellow4 ,,white ,,and ,,blush4 ,admiral ,dewey4 ,dingee ,conard1 #ahii4 ,light blush4 ,alice ,grahame4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijc4 ,ivory white1 tinted salmon4 ,alice ,lindsell4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijb4 ,creamy white1 with pink centre4 ,augustine ,guinoisseau4 ,guinoisseau1 #ahhi4 ,white1 slightly tinted with flesh4 ,bessie ,brown4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahii4 ,creamy white4 ,comte de ,torres4 ,schwartz1 #aijf4 ,salmon white1 with yellow salmon centre4 ,direcktor ,w4 ,cordes4 ,p4 ,lambert1 #aijd4 ,creamy white1 with yellowish centre4 ,edelstein4 ,welter1 #aijd4 ,pure white4 ,edmund ,deshayes4 ,bernaix1 #aijb4 ,creamy white1 with flesh centre4 ,ellen ,willmot4 ,bernaix1 #ahii4 ,pale flesh white4 ,florence ,pemberton4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijc4 ,creamy white1 suffused pink4 ,frau ,lilla ,rautenstrauch4 ,p4 ,lambert1 #aijc4 ,silvery white1 tinted rose4 ,gardenia4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #ahii4 ,white1 suffused pale blush4 ,grace ,darling4 ,bennett1 #ahhd4 ,creamy white1 shaded peach4 ,helene ,guillot4 ,j4 ,b4 ,guillot1 #aijb4 ,pure white to salmon white1 tinted carmine4 ,irene4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #aijd4 ,silvery white1 sometimes faintly touched with pink4 ,lady ,clanmorris4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijj4 ,creamy white1 delicate salmon centre4 ,lady ,quartus ,ewart4 ,hugh ,dickson1 #aijd4 ,paper white4 ,ligne-,arenberg4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijc4 ,creamy white1 pink edge4 ,l',innocence4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #ahih4 ,pure white4 ,madame ,joseph ,combet4 ,j4 ,bonnaire1 #ahid4 ,creamy white4 ,madame ,maria ,capalet4 ,schwartz1 #aije4 ,rosy white1 tinted salmon1 centre rosy yellowish salmon4 ,mdlle4 ,pauline ,bersez4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #aijj4 ,creamy white1 with yellow centre4 ,mdlle4 ,alice ,furon4 ,white1 shaded lemon4 ,marjorie4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahie4 ,white1 suffused with salmon pink4 ,marguerite ,guillot4 ,p4 ,guillet1 #aijc4 ,pure white4 ,marie ,girard4 ,buatois1 #ahii4 ,white1 shaded salmon yellow4 ,marquise ,jeanne de la ,chataigneraye4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijb4 ,silvery white1 centre yellow4 ,mildred ,grant4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aija4 ,silvery white1 edge of petals shaded and bordered with pink4 ,mrs4 ,conway ,jones4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijd4 ,creamy white1 flushed salmon pink4 ,mrs4 ,theodore ,roosevelt4 ,hill ,co41 #aijc4 ,creamy white1 centre rose4 ,pharisaeer4 ,w4 ,hinner1 #aijc4 ,rosy white1 shaded salmon4 ,pie ,x4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijf4 ,creamy white1 suffused pale rose4 ,robert ,baessler4 ,hinner1 #aijd4 ,white1 edge of petals tinted rose4 ,rosomane ,gravereux4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #ahii4 ,white1 with tinge of pink4 ,souv4 de ,madame ,eugenie ,verdier4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #ahie4 ,electric white1 shaded saffron yellow4 ,white ,lady4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #ahij4 ,creamy white4 ,yvonne ,vacherot4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijf4 ,porcelain white1 suffused pink4 ,,irish ,,single ,,roses4 ,alex4 ,dickson ,sons4 ,irish ,beauty1 #aijj4 ,pure white1 bright golden anthers4 ,irish ,brightness1 #aijc4 ,vivid crimson1 shading to pink base4 ,irish ,elegance1 #aije4d ,buds bronzy orange-scarlet1 opening to apricot1 a very beautiful rose4 ,irish ,engineer1 #aijd4 ,bright scarlet1 large flowers4 ,irish ,glory1 #aijj4 ,petals silvery marbled pink1 flamed outside with crimson4 ,irish ,harmony1 #aijd4 ,variable1 saffron-yellow veined claret4 ,irish ,modesty1 #aijj4 ,coral pink1 ecru base to petals4 ,irish ,pride1 #aijc4 ,ecru1 suffused old rose and gold4 ,irish ,star1 #aijc4 ,rose du ,barri1 with lemon star centre4 ,,footnote3 #d ,see ,illustration4 ,,chapter ,,viii ,,hybrid ,,perpetuals ,,mr4 ,,thomas ,,rivers1 that father of scientific rose culture in ,england1 gives a most interesting account in his famous book1 ,the ,rose ,amateur's ,guide1 #ahdj1 of the origin of the ,hybrid ,perpetual rose4 ,the ,crimson ,perpetual1 ,rose du ,roi1 or ,lee's ,crimson ,perpetual1#e 444 was raised from seed1 in #ahab1 in the gardens of the ,palace of ,st4 ,cloud1 then under the direction of ,le ,comte ,lelieur1 and named by him ,rose du ,roi4444 ,it is asserted it was raised from the ,rosa ,portlandica1 a semi-double bright-coloured rose1 much like the rose known in this country as the ,scarlet ,four-seasons or ,rosa ,paestana4 ,every gentleman's garden ought to have a large bed of ,crimson ,perpetual ,roses1 to furnish bouquets during ,august1 ,september1 and ,october2 their fragrance is so delightful1 their colour so rich1 and their form so perfect4 ,what would that great pioneer say to our ,crimson ,perpetuals of to-day8 ,but though this rose was the first1 and probably the parent of many of the earlier ,hybrid ,perpetuals1 the true development of this glorious race took place by other means4 ,the ,hybrid ,chinas1#f such as ,blairii ,no4 #b1 ,chenedole1 ,brennus1 and many others1 now1 as ,i have said1 most unjustly neglected1 were the offspring of the ,china rose1 ,r4 ,indica1 crossed with the ,provence and other hardy summer flowering roses4 ,these were not perpetual1 with the notable exception of ,gloire de ,rosamenes4 ,but several of them bore seed freely4 ,these fertile varieties were again crossed with different kinds of ,china and ,bourbon roses4 ,and their seed produced the new race of strong1 hardy roses1 the ,hybrid ,perpetuals1 flowering through the whole summer and autumn4 ,of those early parents of this fine race but very few are known now4 ,gloire de ,rosamenes 7,vibert1 #ahbc7 is still in cultivation4 ,but in vain ,i search ,english and ,french catalogues for those marked by my father in #ahdd in ,mr4 ,rivers' book4 ,where is ,mme4 ,laffay1 #ahci1 with its fine foliage and rosy-crimson1 highly fragrant flowers2 or ,fulgorie2 or ,rivers1 with its large red flowers produced in clusters of great beauty2 or ,la ,reine1 #ahdc2 or ,william ,jesse8 ,probably they still exist as old and nameless roses in my own and many other gardens4 ,yet one would like to give them back the names and honourable places they possessed in one's childhood1 and compare them with their splendid descendants4 ,in fragrance they would certainly hold their own2 for the fragrance of their ,damask grandparent was stronger in them than in too many of the modern ,hybrid ,perpetuals4 ,the great development in the race began in the fifties1 and was at its height in the sixties and seventies3 but for the last fifteen years and more the tide has turned in favour of the ,hybrid ,teas2 and comparatively few new ,hybrid ,perpetuals are raised each year4 ,in #ahec1 ,margottin gave the enchanted rose-world ,jules ,margottin1 parent of many most excellent roses4 ,and in the same year the delightful ,general ,jacqueminot was raised by ,roussel1 and became the parent of many of our finest deep reds4 ,then in #ahei came ,lacharme's famous ,victor ,verdier1 a rose still in favour1 and one to which the class owes1 perhaps1 more than any other as a parent4 ,and in #ahfa came ,charles ,lefebvre2 also raised by ,lacharme4 ,from that date new and magnificent roses were sent out in numbers every year by the well-known ,french and ,continental houses of ,lacharme1 ,verdier1 ,pernet1 ,gautreau1 ,liabaud1 ,guillot1 ,postans1 ,levet1 ,margottin1 ,rambaud1 ,leveque1 ,jamain1 ,schwartz1 ,soupert et ,notting4 ,and in ,england by ,messrs4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 ,b4 ,r4 ,cant ,sons1 ,bennett1 ,laxton1 ,paul ,son1 ,cocker1 ,alex4 ,dickson ,sons1 ,turner1 ,hugh ,dickson1 ,cooling1 ,harkness1 ,ward1 etc4 ,while1 in #aija1 ,lambert produced that grandest of white roses1 ,frau ,karl ,druschki4 ,illustration3 ,,hybrid ,,perpetual4 ,,frau ,,karl ,,druschki4 ,the pure pinks1 and the rich crimsons and scarlets of the ,hybrid ,perpetuals are of surpassing beauty4 ,and though there is a craze just now for ,hybrid ,teas1 the ,hybrid ,perpetual must for ever hold its own in the garden on its own lines4 ,for it will flourish where the more tender race would die2 and its magnificent size1 colour1 strong growth1 and rich foliage1 must always render it indispensable for decoration and as a cut flower4 ,as with the ,teas and ,hybrid ,teas1 these roses create their finest effect in the garden when grouped together in beds of one colour4 ,and if we wish to specialize yet further in the matter of colours1 they may be graduated from dark to light1 or light to dark1 with admirable success4 ,a magnificent bed may be filled with such crimsons1 scarlets1 and cherry reds as the following1 beginning with dark and medium crimsons1 ,a4 ,k4 ,williams1 ,duke of ,edinburgh1 ,duke of ,wellington1 ,dr4 ,andry1 ,charles ,lefebvre1 ,countess of ,oxford1 ,fisher ,holmes1 ,louis ,van ,houtte1 ,mrs4 ,harry ,turner1 ,victor ,hugo2 and the lighter crimsons1 ,alfred ,colomb1 ,beauty of ,waltham1 ,captain ,hayward1 ,duchess of ,bedford1 ,duke of ,teck1 ,dupuy ,jamain1 ,general ,jacgueminot1 ,gloire de ,margottin1 ,hugh ,dickson1 ,marie ,baumann1 ,senateur ,vaisse1 ,star of ,waltham1 ,ulrich ,brunner4 ,illustration3 ,,hybrid ,,perpetual4 ,,ulrich ,,brunner4 ,other yet darker crimson roses1 with maroon or purple shading1 are ,abel ,carriere1 ,black ,prince1 ,prince ,camille de ,rohan1 ,xavier ,olibo4 ,for a very effective rose-pink and carmine bed we may use ,francois ,michelon1 ,helen ,keller1 ,john ,hopper1 ,jules ,margottin1 ,magna ,charta1 ,marquise de ,castellane1 ,suzanne ,marie ,rodocanachi1 ,victor ,verdier4 ,an pure pink bed is most attractive1 when filled with such lovely roses as ,baroness ,rothschild1 ,mdlle4 ,eugenie ,verdier1 ,mrs4 ,sharman ,crawford1 ,mrs4 ,john ,laing1 ,pride of ,waltham4 ,and although ,captain ,christy is now1 wisely1 called a ,hybrid ,tea1 it has so much the habit of the ,hybrid ,perpetuals1 that it really goes better in a bed with them than among the more delicate-foliaged ,teas4 ,for a white and pale blush bed we have the pure white ,boule de ,neige1 ,coquette des ,blanches 7both ,dwarf ,hybrid ,noisettes71 ,frau ,karl ,druschki1 and ,marchioness of ,londonderry1 which is very beautiful when it does well1 though this is not always the case4 ,and for white with a faint blush1 ,margaret ,dickson and ,merveille de ,lyon1 though these are sadly given to mildew4 ,but for sheer effect and mass of bloom1 a bed of ,frau ,karl ,druschki is unequalled4 ,if the long shoots are pegged down every bud upon them will throw a flower-shoot1 producing a sheet of blossom throughout the whole season4 ,another very effective arrangement may be made by gradating a broad border from a white centre1 through clear pinks on either side to bright scarlets1 and ending at each extremity with deepest crimsons4 ,this ,i have seen carried out successfully with a central group of ,frau ,karl ,druschki1 flanked on either side by the clear pinks of ,mrs4 ,sharman ,crawford and ,mrs4 ,john ,laing1 and beyond them1 right and left1 ,general ,jacqueminot1 ,francois ,michelon1 ,prince ,camille de ,rohan1 ,fisher ,holmes1 ,duke of ,edinburgh1 ,mrs4 ,harry ,turner1 ,dr4 ,andry1 ,duke of ,wellington1 ,victor ,hugo1 ,captain ,hayward1 ,duke of ,teck1 ,horace ,vernet4 ,as standards many of the ,hybrid ,perpetuals make grand heads1 their sturdy constitution being particularly suitable to this form of growth4 ,among the best for this purpose are1 ,captain ,hayward1 ,charles ,lefebvre1 ,clio1 ,dr4 ,andry1 ,duke of ,edinburgh1 ,dupuy ,jamain1 ,ferdinand de ,lesseps1 ,fisher ,holmes1 ,frau ,karl ,druschki1 ,general ,jacqueminot1 ,gloire de ,margottin1 ,heinrich ,schultheis1 ,hugh ,dickson1 ,mme4 ,gabriel ,luizet1 ,mme4 ,victor ,verdier1 ,margaret ,dickson1 ,marie ,baumann1 ,mrs4 ,cocker1 ,mrs4 ,john ,laing1 ,mrs4 ,r4 ,g4 ,sharman ,crawford1 ,paul ,jamain1 ,pride of ,waltham1 ,prince ,arthur1 ,prince ,camille de ,rohan1 ,senateur ,vaisse1 ,suzanne ,marie ,rodocanachi1 ,ulrich ,brunner4 ,besides those dwarfs ,i have enumerated as particularly good for massing in colour1 many other excellent roses for general use will be found in the following lists4 ,,hybrid ,,perpetual ,,roses ,,red4 ,abel ,carriere4 ,e4 ,verdier1 #ahge4 ,purple crimson1 fiery red centre4 ,alfred ,colomb4 ,lacharme1 #ahfe4 ,bright carmine red4 ,alfred ,k4 ,williams4 ,schwartz1 #ahgg4 ,bright carmine red2 an exhibitor's rose4 ,baron de ,bonstetten4 ,liabaud1 #ahga4 ,blackish crimson4 ,ben ,cant4 ,b4 ,r4 ,cant ,sons1 #aijb4 ,deep crimson4 ,beauty of ,waltham4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #ahfb4 ,rosy crimson4 ,black ,prince4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #ahff4 ,deep blackish crimson4 ,camille ,bernadin4 ,gautreau1 #ahfe4 ,light crimson1 paler edges4 ,captain ,hayward4 ,bennett1 #ahic4 ,scarlet crimson1 sweet scented4 ,charles ,darwin4 ,laxton1 #ahgi4 ,brownish crimson4 ,charles ,lefebvre4 ,lacharme1 #ahfa4 ,brilliant velvety crimson4 ,commandant ,felix ,faure4 ,boutigny1 #aijb4 ,crimson1 flushed lake4 ,comte de ,raimbaud4 ,roland1 #ahfg4 ,clear crimson4 ,comtesse de ,ludre4 ,v4 ,verdier1 #ahhj4 ,light crimson4 ,illustration3 ,,hybrid ,,perpetual4 ,,gustave ,,piganeau4 ,countess of ,oxford4 ,guillot1 #ahfi4 ,bright carmine red4 ,dr4 ,andry4 ,e4 ,verdier1 #ahfd4 ,deep carmine red4 ,dr4 ,sewell4 ,turner1 #ahgi4 ,maroon crimson1 reflexes bright red4 ,duchess of ,bedford4 ,postans1 #ahgi4 ,velvety crimson1 suffused scarlet4 ,duke of ,connaught4 ,paul ,son1 #ahgf4 ,bright velvety crimson4 ,duke of ,edinburgh4 ,paul ,son1 #ahfh4 ,scarlet crimson4 ,duke of ,teck4 ,paul ,son1 #ahhj4 ,bright crimson scarlet4 ,duke of ,wellington4 ,granger1 #ahfd4 ,velvet red1 shaded crimson4 ,dupuy ,jamain4 ,jamain1 #ahfh4 ,very bright cerise4 ,earl of ,dufferin4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahhg4 ,rich velvety crimson4 ,eclair4 ,lacharme1 #ahhc4 ,vivid fiery red4 ,etienne ,levet4 ,levet1 #ahga4 ,carmine red4 ,e4 ,y4 ,teas4 ,e4 ,verdier1 #ahgd4 ,very bright red4 ,fisher ,holmes4 ,e4 ,verdier1 #ahfe4 ,shaded crimson scarlet4 ,general ,jacqueminot4 ,roussel1 #ahec4 ,brilliant scarlet crimson2 a noble old rose4 ,gustave ,piganeau4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #ahhi4 ,brilliant shaded carmine2 chiefly an exhibitor's rose4 ,horace ,vernet4 ,guillot1 #ahff4 ,crimson scarlet1 dark shading4 ,hugh ,dickson4 ,hugh ,dickson1 #aijd4 ,crimson1 shaded scarlet4 ,hugh ,watson4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijd4 ,crimson1 shaded carmine4 ,j4 ,b4 ,clark4 ,hugh ,dickson1 #aije4 ,deep scarlet1 shaded plum4 ,jean ,soupert4 ,lacharme1 #ahgf4 ,deep velvety purple4 ,jules ,margottin4 ,margottin1 #ahec4 ,bright cherry red4 ,lady ,helen ,stewart4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahhg4 ,bright crimson1 shaded scarlet4 ,le ,havre4 ,eude1 #ahga4 ,vermilion red4 ,louis ,ricard4 ,boutigny1 #aijb4 ,velvet crimson1 shaded vermilion and black4 ,louis ,van ,houtte4 ,lacharme1 #ahfi4 ,deep crimson1 shaded maroon4 ,madame ,crapelet4 ,fontaine1 #ahei4 ,beautiful light crimson4 ,madame ,victor ,verdier4 ,e4 ,verdier1 #ahfc4 ,bright cherry red2 still one of the best4 ,maharajah4 ,b4 ,r4 ,cant ,sons1 #aijd4 ,large single flowers1 deep velvet crimson2 a very fine pillar rose4 ,marie ,baumann4 ,baumann1 #ahfc4 ,soft carmine red4 ,marie ,rady4 ,fontaine1 #ahfe4 ,brilliant red4 ,maurice ,bernadin 7syn4 ,exposition de ,brie74 ,granger1 #ahfa4 ,shaded crimson4 ,m4 ,h4 ,walsh4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aije4 ,velvety crimson1 suffused scarlet4 ,oberhofgartener ,a4 ,singer4 ,p4 ,lambert1 #aijd4 ,pure carmine1 darker centre4 ,prince ,arthur4 ,b4 ,r4 ,cant1 #ahge4 ,rich deep crimson4 ,prince ,camille de ,rohan4 ,e4 ,verdier1 #ahfa4 ,crimson maroon4 ,reynolds ,hole4 ,paul ,son1 #ahgc4 ,maroon1 shaded crimson2 an exhibitor's rose4 ,ruhm der ,gartenwelt4 ,jacobs1 #aijd4 ,dark pure red4 ,senateur ,vaisse4 ,guillot1 #ahei4 ,fine dazzling red2 one of the best still4 ,sir ,rowland ,hill4 ,mack1 #ahhh4 ,rich port wine1 shaded maroon4 ,star of ,waltham4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #ahge4 ,deep crimson4 ,t4 ,b4 ,haywood4 ,paul ,son1 #ahie4 ,crimson scarlet1 dark shading4 ,tom ,wood4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahif4 ,cherry red4 ,ulrich ,brunner4 ,levet1 #ahha4 ,bright cherry red2 fragrant1 excellent4 ,urania4 ,walsh1 #aijf4 ,cherry crimson4 ,victor ,hugo4 ,schwartz1 #ahhd4 ,dazzling crimson4 ,xavier ,olibo4 ,lacharme1 #ahfd4 ,velvety black1 shaded amaranth4 ,,rose4 ,american ,beauty4 ,bancroft1 #ahhf4 ,deep rose2 needs fine weather4 ,annie ,laxton4 ,laxton1 #ahgb4 ,clear rose1 flushed cherry4 ,countess of ,rosebery4 ,postans1 #ahgi4 ,deep salmon rose4 ,david ,r4 ,williamson4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #aije4 ,soft rich carmine rose4 ,duchesse de ,morny4 ,e4 ,verdier1 #ahfc4 ,delicate bright rose4 ,francois ,michelon4 ,levet1 #ahga4 ,deep rose1 reverse of petals silver4 ,heinrich ,schultheis4 ,bennett1 #ahhb4 ,delicate pinkish rose4 ,helen ,keller4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahie4 ,rose cerise4 ,john ,hopper4 ,ward1 #ahfb4 ,bright rose1 reverse pale lilac4 ,madame ,eugene ,verdier4 ,e4 ,verdier1 #ahgh4 ,bright silvery rose4 ,magna ,charta4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #ahgf4 ,bright rose4 ,marie ,finger4 ,rambaud1 #ahgc4 ,light salmon rose1 deeper centre4 ,marie ,verdier4 ,e4 ,verdier1 #ahgg4 ,pure rose4 ,marquise de ,castellane4 ,pernet1 #ahfi4 ,bright clear rose4 ,suzanne ,marie ,rodocanachi4 ,leveque1 #ahhc4 ,glowing rose2 one of the best4 ,ulster4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahii4 ,salmon pink4 ,,pink4 ,baroness ,rothschild4 ,pernet1 #ahfg4 ,light pink4 ,clio4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #ahid4 ,pale flesh1 deeper centre4 ,dr4 ,william ,gordon4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #aije4 ,brilliant satin pink4 ,her ,majesty4 ,bennett1 #ahhe4 ,pale rose pink4 ,jeannie ,dickson4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahij4 ,rosy pink1 edged silvery pink4 ,lady ,overtown4 ,h4 ,dickson1 #aijf4 ,pale salmon pink1 centre silvery pink4 ,laurence ,allen4 ,cooling1 #ahif4 ,clear soft pink1 lighter shading4 ,madame ,gabriel ,luizet4 ,liabaud1 #ahgg4 ,light silvery pink4 ,marchioness of ,downshire4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahid4 ,beautiful satin pink4 ,mrs4 ,cocker4 ,cocker1 #ahii4 ,soft pink4 ,mrs4 ,john ,laing4 ,bennett1 #ahhg4 ,soft pink2 one of the best4 ,mrs4 ,r4 ,g4 ,sharman ,crawford4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahid4 ,clear rosy pink2 one of the best4 ,mrs4 ,rumsey4 ,rumsey1 #ahig4 ,rosy pink4 ,pride of ,waltham4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #ahha4 ,delicate flesh1 shaded bright rose pink4 ,rosslyn4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #aijj4 ,delicate rosy flesh4 ,,white ,,and ,,blush4 ,bertha ,giemen4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #ahii4 ,creamy white sport from ,marchioness of ,dufferin4 ,boule de ,neige 7,noisette74 ,lacharme1 #ahfg4 ,pure white4 ,frau ,karl ,druschki4 ,lambert1 #aijj4 ,snow white4 ,mabel ,morrison4 ,broughton1 #ahgh4 ,pure white1 not much substance4 ,mademoiselle ,renee ,denis4 ,chedane1 #aijg4 ,white1 shaded rose4 ,marchioness of ,londonderry4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahic4 ,ivory white4 ,margaret ,dickson4 ,alex4 ,dickson1 #ahia4 ,white1 pale flesh centre4 ,merveille de ,lyon4 ,pernet1 #ahhb4 ,white1 centre slightly rosy peach4 ,perfection des ,blanches4 ,schwartz1 #ahgc4 ,pure white4 ,white ,baroness4 ,paul ,son1 #ahhc4 ,pure white4 ,,footnotes3 #e ,this rose1 which belongs to the group of ,damask ,perpetual roses1 ,r4 ,damascena1 is still cultivated under the same name4 ,messrs4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son say this was formerly a favourite group of autumnal roses4 #f ,see p4 #eg4 ,,chapter ,,ix ,,bourbon1 ,,china1 ,,and ,,polyantha ,,roses ,,besides the three great races of perpetual flowering ,roses1 the ,teas1 ,hybrid ,teas1 and ,hybrid ,perpetuals1 on which the chief interest of the modern rose-world is centred at the present time1 there are other perpetual flowering roses1 which are of great importance both for their value in the past and their beauty in the present4 ,for although the modern hybrids have somewhat obscured the fame of their ancestors1 many of them owe their origin to the ,bourbon and ,china roses1 which1 in the early years of the nineteenth century1 before the advent of ,hybrid ,perpetuals1 were almost the only autumn flowering roses on which to depend4 ,,the ,,bourbon ,,rose1 ,r4 ,bourboniana4 ,according to that invaluable book1#g to which ,i owe an untold debt of gratitude since first ,i began to study rose-growing seriously--the original ,bourbon1 a beautiful semi-double rose1 with brilliant rose-coloured flowers1 prominent buds1 and nearly evergreen foliage1 was discovered in the ,isle of ,bourbon4 ,illustration3 ,,bourbon4 ,,souvenir ,,de ,,la ,,malmaison4 ,it appears that the land there was--probably is still--enclosed by hedges made of two rows of roses1 one row of the common ,china ,rose1 the other of the ,red ,four ,seasons1 the ,perpetual ,damask4 ,in planting one of these hedges1 a proprietor found a rose quite different in appearance to the rest of his young plants1 and transferred it to his garden4 ,here it flowered1 and proved to be a new type1 evidently a seedling from the two sorts1 which were the only ones known in the island4 ,m4 ,breon arrived at ,bourbon in #ahag1 as botanical traveller for the ,government of ,france1 and curator of the ,botanical and ,naturalization ,garden there4 ,he propagated this rose very largely2 and sent plants and seeds of it in #ahbb to ,monsieur ,jacques1 gardener at the ,chateau de ,neuilly1 near ,paris1 who distributed it among the rose cultivators of ,france4 ,m4 ,breon named it ',rose de l',isle ,bourbon1' and is convinced that it is a hybrid from one of the above roses1 and a native of the island4 ,the true ,bourbon roses are thoroughly perpetual1 with rose1 blush1 or white flowers1 smooth solid stems1 and dark1 almost evergreen1 foliage4 ,one has only to mention the well-known and well-beloved ,souvenir de la ,malmaison to recall the type4 ,gloire de ,rosamenes#h is a hybrid1 as ,i have said3 but ,hermosa1 or ,armosa 7#ahdj71 and the charming ,mrs4 ,bosanquet 7#ahcb71 often classed among the ,china roses1 are pure ,bourbons1 and so are ,mme4 ,isaac ,pereire1 ,mrs4 ,paul 7#ahia71 ,queen of the ,bourbons1 ,boule de ,neige1 ,setina a climbing form of ,hermosa1 and ,zephirine ,drouhin 7#ahgc71 a good climbing rose4 ,hermosa1 which is constantly mistaken for a very full1 globular pink ,china1 is an excellent rose for massing in the garden1 as it is in continuous bloom from spring till late autumn1 the dwarf1 bushy plants being covered with flowers4 ,the charming hybrid ,tea rose1 ,camoens1 which resembles it in habit1 but is a rather larger flower of a rich ,china pink1 may also be used in the same way4 ,a group of small beds arranged in a simple geometrical pattern1 and planted with either or both these roses1 is an extremely pretty feature in the garden4 ,hermosa has been for years largely used in this way on the ,continent and in ,england2 for instance1 #bj1jjj have been planted in the ,sandringham gardens alone4 ,but ,i was told last year in ,luxembourg1 that in ,holland1 where it is most popular1 ,camoens is almost superseding it2 one ,dutch lady who had a large portion of her garden planted with nothing but ,hermosa1 is now using hundreds of ,camoens in the same way1 as it is equally generous in bloom1 richer in colour1 and as neat and strong in growth4 ,illustration3 ,,china4 ,,laurette ,,messimy4 ,,the ,,china ,,rose1 ,r4 ,indica4 ,,the ,,crimson ,,china ,,rose1 ,r4 ,semperflorens4 ,these old favourites were introduced into ,england in the eighteenth century4 ,the ,old ,blush ,monthly came first1 in #agah2 and in #aghi the ,old ,crimson 7,r4 ,semperflorens71 a much less vigorous plant1 arrived4 ,it is not surprising that both should have found instant popularity2 for roses which in warm situations are practically in flower the whole year through1 must indeed have been precious adjuncts to the gardens of those days4 ,in ,england they were popularly known as ,monthly roses2 while in ,france they are known as ,rosiers du ,bengal4 ,,the ,,common ,,china1 ,,or ,,monthly ,,rose 7#agif71 though it has many newer rivals1 is one of those which has never gone out of favour1 and justly so2 for what can be more pure and lovely than it is when well grown4 ,either as a bedder1 or a bush in the herbaceous border1 or1 still more1 when grown as a dwarf hedge1 its fresh loveliness is a never-ending delight4 ,indeed1 one wonders why it is not more generally used in ,england in this last manner2 for both in the ,south of ,france and ,switzerland1 hedges of the pink ,monthly rose are common1 and of exceeding beauty4 ,cramoisie ,superieure 7#ahcd71 a form of the ,crimson ,china1 should be grown in masses1 as its weak and straggling growth is unsuited to the above purposes4 ,but many of the newer varieties are admirable in whatever way they are used4 ,laurette ,messimy 7#ahhg71 rose1 shaded yellow1 and ,madame ,eugene ,resal 7#ahie71 copper and bright ,china-rose1 are two of the very best of these1 and are brilliantly effective as bedding roses4 ,so are the rosy-apricot ,queen ,mab 7#aijf71 and the yellow-apricot and orange ,arethusa 7#aijc74 ,comtesse du ,cayla 7#aijb7 is a fine carmine crimson1 with orange on the outer petals1 varying to orange-yellow shaded carmine4 ,cora is a pretty clear yellow1 often tinted carmine1 a rose of a charming habit4 ,le ,vesuve bears some flowers rich crimson and some rosy pink4 ,ducher 7#ahfi7 is the best white2 ,frau ,syndica ,roeloffs1 yellow1 shaded coppery-red and peach2 ,nabonnand1 a large flower1 velvety purple-red1 shaded coppery-yellow4 ,souvenir d',aimee ,terrel des ,chenes is a small1 beautiful1 and well-shaped flower1 coppery-pink1 shaded carmine1 the pointed buds being golden yellow4 ,climbing ,cramoisie ,superieure and ,field ,marshal are both deep crimson climbers1 but the last does best under a glass or in a warm position out of doors4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we now come to a quite modern class of perpetual flowering roses1 which is as yet too little known1 except among those ardent rose-growers who keep closely in touch with the marvels of modern hybridization4 ,and this special race is indeed one of its most extraordinary results4 ,for ,,the ,,dwarf ,,polyantha ,,roses1 ,r4 ,multiflora1 are derived from the summer flowering1 climbing ,multiflora1 and in them we get a first cousin of1 say1 ,crimson ,rambler1 so dwarf as to make a charming two-feet high edging to an ordinary rose-bed1 and so thoroughly perpetual1 that from ,may to ,december it is thickly covered with its hundreds of miniature flowers in clusters4 ,how these tiny roses1 which remind one of the ,fairy ,rose of long-ago nursery days1 came into being is not exactly known4 ,but they were evidently the result of crossings with the ,tea rose strain4 ,m4 ,j4 ,b4 ,guillot developed the first1 ,ma ,paquerrette1 pure white1 flowering in large bunches1 in #ahge4 ,in #ahgi1 ,rambaux followed with the charming ,anna ,maria de ,montravel1 one of the best known of the class4 ,the next year ,ducher brought out the lovely ,cecile ,brunner1 blush1 shaded pink1 and the race was fully recognized4 ,since then nearly every year has seen fresh varieties2 and the charming little plants are growing in favour4 ,illustration3 ,,dwarf ,,polyantha4 ,,perle ,d',,or4 ,these roses may be roughly divided into two classes3 one showing the ,polyantha blood very strongly2 the other the ,tea blood4 ,in the first1 the flowers1 whether double or single1 are borne in dense upright clusters1 after the manner of the true ,multiflora4 ,some of the best of these are ,gloire des ,polyantha2 ,schneewittchen2 the fine ,mme4 ,n4 ,levavasseur1 really a miniature ,crimson ,rambler2 the even more attractive ,mrs4 ,w4 ,h4 ,cutbush1 a bright pink ,crimson ,rambler2 and the exquisite little ,baby ,dorothy1 which has created such a sensation as a pot plant since it was shown in the spring of #aijg4 ,these are all admirably fitted for planting in masses4 ,in the famous ,pepiniere1 or ,public ,gardens of ,nancy1 beds of ,madame ,n4 ,levavasseur last autumn 7#aijg7 were remarkably effective4 ,in one the ground was thickly covered among the plants with a very dwarf grey-blue ,ageratum2 and the effect of the erect crimson clusters of the rose over the soft grey flowers was most striking2 while another bed of the same rose was edged with a dwarf bronze-foliaged fibrous ,begonia4 ,even more charming was a whole bed of ,mrs4 ,w4 ,h4 ,cutbush1 which ,i saw in ,,mm4 ,soupert et ,notting's garden at ,luxembourg1 the rich rosy colour being much finer4 ,in the other class the ,tea blood is shown as strongly2 the flowers are borne singly1 or at most in heads of four or five1 on smooth and delicate yet firm little stalks2 while the foliage is that of a miniature ,tea rose4 ,these as to the actual blossoms are perhaps even more attractive4 ,for what can be prettier than a perfectly formed flower the size of a ,fairy rose--and sweetly scented too--such as those of ,etoile d',or1 lemon shaded with sulphur2 or ,perle d',or1 nankeen yellow with orange centre2 or ,eugenie ,lamesch1 coppery pink2 or the beautiful ,cecile ,brunner1 its well-shaped flowers blush with a deeper pink centre8 ,in one or two we get an example of the double strain4 ,for the velvety crimson flowers of ,perle des ,rouges are borne in clusters1 though in substance and foliage the plant appears to take after the ,tea rose4 ,but ,i deprecate the tendency which ,i see among some varieties1 to produce much larger flowers such as those of ,clothilde ,soupert and ,georges ,pernet4 ,this quite alters the character of the pretty little plants2 giving us a rose that is neither one thing or another1 neither a fine bedding rose or a miniature edging rose4 ,,bourbon ,,roses1 ,r4 ,bourboniana4 ,baron ,gonella4 ,guillot pere1 #ahci4 ,violet rose4 ,baronne de ,maynard4 ,one of the best white roses4 ,catherine ,guillot4 ,guillot fils1 #ahfa4 ,purple red4 ,comtesse de ,barbantane4 ,guillot pere1 #ahei4 ,flesh colour4 ,gloire de ,rosamenes4 ,vibert1 #ahbe4 ,scarlet crimson1 semi-double4 ,hermosa 7,armosa74 ,marcheseau1 #ahdj4 ,deep pink4 ,j4 ,b4 ,m4 ,camm4 ,pale salmon pink4 ,kronprinsessin ,victoria4 ,l4 ,spaeth1 #ahhh4 ,milky white outside1 sulphur-yellow centre4 ,lorna ,doone4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son4 ,magenta carmine1 shaded scarlet4 ,madame ,isaac ,pereire4 ,margottin1 #ahhj4 ,rosy carmine4 ,madame ,pierre ,oger4 ,oger1 #ahgi4 ,cream white1 shaded and edged lilac4 ,marie ,pare4 ,pavie1 #ahhj4 ,flesh colour1 deeper centre4 ,mrs4 ,allen ,chandler4 ,chandler1 #aijd4 ,pure white sport from ,mrs4 ,paul4 ,mrs4 ,bosanquet4 ,laffay1 #ahcb4 ,salmon white4 ,mrs4 ,paul4 ,paul ,son1 #aheb4 ,pinkish white2 a fine rose4 ,paxton4 ,laffay1 #aheb4 ,fiery rose4 ,philemon ,cochet4 ,cochet1 #ahif4 ,bright rose4 ,queen of the ,bourbons4 ,mauger1 #aheb4 ,salmon rose4 ,queen of ,bedders4 ,nobbe1 #ahgh4 ,deep crimson4 ,reine ,victoria4 ,schwartz1 #ahgh4 ,bright rose1 perfect form4 ,setina4 ,henderson1 #ahgi4 ,pink1 a climbing ,hermosa4 ,souv4 de la ,malmaison4 ,beluze1 #ahdc4 ,tender flesh white4 ,souv4 de la ,malmaison rose4 ,verschaffelt1 #ahfb4 ,fine rose colour4 ,zephirine ,drouhin4 ,bizot1 #ahgc4 ,bright silvery pink4 ,,china ,,or ,,bengal ,,roses1 ,r4 ,indica4 ,r4 ,semperflorens4 ,abbe ,cretin4 ,mille-,toussaint1 #aijf4 ,light rose1 shaded salmon4 ,alexina4 ,beluze1 #ahed4 ,almost pure white4 ,alice ,hamilton4 ,nabonnand1 #aijd4 ,bright velvety crimson reflexed madder4 ,antoinette ,cuillerat4 ,buatois1 #ahih4 ,electric white on copper base4 ,arethusa4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #aijc4 ,yellow1 tinted apricot4 ,aurore4 ,schwartz1 #ahig4 ,creamy yellow1 tinted salmon rose4 ,baronne ,piston de ,st4 ,cyr4 ,pale flesh1 distinct and attractive4 ,bebe ,fleuri4 ,dubreuil1 #aijg4 ,varying from ,china rose to currant red4 ,cardinal4 ,welter1 #aijd4 ,dark red1 centre yellow4 ,common 7old ,blush ,monthly74 ,parsons1 #agif4 ,pale pink4 ,comtesse du ,cayla4 ,guillot1 #aijb4 ,coppery-carmine1 shaded orange and yellow4 ,cora4 ,vve4 ,schwartz1 #ahii4 ,clear yellow1 tinted carmine4 ,cramoisi ,superieur4 ,coquereau1 #ahcb4 ,velvety crimson1 large clusters4 ,cramoisi ,superieur4 ,a climbing sport4 ,crimson ,china 7,sanguinea74 ,evans1 #ahaj4 ,dark crimson4 ,ducher4 ,ducher1 #ahfi4 ,pure white4 ,duke of ,york4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #ahid4 ,variable from white to red4 ,eugene de ,beauharnais4 ,fellemberg1 #ahch4 ,amaranth4 ,fabvier4 ,laffay4 ,scarlet crimson1 finest of its colour4 ,field ,marshall4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son4 ,blood crimson1 shaded amaranth4 ,frau ,syndica ,roeloffs4 ,lambert1 #aijj4 ,bright yellow1 shaded copper red4 ,irene ,watts4 ,p4 ,guillot1 #ahif4 ,white1 tinted salmon pink4 ,jean ,bach ,sisley4 ,dubreuil1 #ahii4 ,silvery rose1 outer petals salmon-rose1 veined carmine4 ,le ,vesuve4 ,sprunt1 #aheh4 ,bright red and pink4 ,madame ,eugene ,resal4 ,guillot1 #ahid4 ,nasturtium red or bright red1 on yellow base4 ,madame ,h4 ,montefiore4 ,bernaix1 #aijj4 ,salmon yellow1 shaded apricot and carmine4 ,madame ,laure ,dupont4 ,schwartz1 #aijg4 ,vivid carmine1 reflexed silver rose4 ,madame ,laurette ,messimy4 ,guillot fils1 #ahhg4 ,china rose1 shaded yellow4 ,martha4 ,p4 ,lambert1 #aijf4 ,copper red1 flowers in large corymbs4 ,queen ,mab4 ,wm4 ,paul ,son1 #ahif4 ,rosy apricot1 shaded orange and rose4 ,red ,pet4 ,paul ,son1 #ahhh4 ,miniature rose1 deep crimson4 ,souv4 d',aimee ,terrel des ,chenes4 ,schwartz1 #ahig4 ,coppery rose1 shaded carmine4 ,unermuedliche4 ,lambert1 #aijd4 ,crimson1 shaded red1 always in bloom4 ,,dwarf ,,polyantha ,,roses1 ,r4 ,multiflora4 ,aennchen ,mueller4 ,j4 ,c4 ,schmidt1 #aijg4 ,large clusters1 brilliant rose4 ,amelie-,suzanne ,morin4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #ahii4 ,white1 yellow centre4 ,anne-,marie de ,montravel4 ,rambaux1 #ahgi4 ,pure white1 immense cluster4 ,aschenbrodel4 ,lambert1 #aijc4 ,peach1 centre salmon4 ,bebe ,leroux4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aija4 ,white1 centre canary yellow4 ,blanche ,rebatel4 ,bernaix1 #ahhi4 ,bright carmine1 reverse white4 ,canarienvogel4 ,welter1 #aijd4 ,golden yellow1 flaked orange and rose4 ,cecile ,brunner4 ,ducher1 #ahha4 ,bright rose1 yellowish centre4 ,clara ,pfitzer4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #ahhi4 ,light carmine4 ,clotilde ,soupert4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #ahij4 ,pearly white1 rose centre1 rather large flowers4 ,dr4 ,ricaud4 ,corboeuf-,marsault1 #aijg4 ,rosy salmon1 copper base4 ,etoile de ,mai4 ,gamon1 #ahic4 ,nankeen yellow1 rather large4 ,etoile d',or4 ,dubreuil1 #ahhi4 ,citron yellow1 shaded sulphur4 ,eugenie ,lamesch4 ,lambert1 #aijj4 ,orange yellow1 passing to clear yellow1 shaded rose4 ,filius ,strassheim4 ,soupert et ,netting1 #ahic4 ,rosy cream1 orange base4 ,georges ,pernet4 ,pernet-,ducher1 #ahhh4 ,rather large1 bright rose1 shaded yellow4 ,gloire des ,polyanthas4 ,guillot fils1 #ahhg4 ,bright rose1 white centre4 ,golden ,fairy4 ,bennett1 #ahhi4 ,clear buff1 yellow and white4 ,hermine ,madele4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #ahhh4 ,cream1 reflexed yellow4 ,katherine ,ziemet4 ,lambert1 #aija4 ,pure white1 very fragrant4 ,kleiner ,alfred4 ,lambert1 #aijd4 ,ground colour red1 suffused ochre yellow4 ,le ,bourguignon4 ,buatois1 #aija4 ,electric madder yellow4 ,leonie ,lamesch4 ,lambert1 #aijj4 ,bright copper red1 golden centre4 ,liliput4 ,paul ,son1 #ahig4 ,cerise carmine1 flushed crimson4 ,little ,dot4 ,bennett1 #ahhi4 ,soft pink1 flaked deeper on outside petals4 ,madame ,e4 ,a4 ,nolte4 ,bernaix1 #ahib4 ,buff yellow1 passing to rosy white4 ,madame ,n4 ,levavasseur4 ,levavasseur1 #aijd4 ,bright carmine red2 the dwarf ,crimson ,rambler4 ,madame ,zelia ,bourgeois4 ,vilin1 #aijg4 ,small double white flowers4 ,ma ,fillette4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #ahih4 ,peach rose1 yellow ground4 ,ma ,petite ,andree4 ,chauvry1 #ahii4 ,deep carmine red4 ,marie ,pavie4 ,alegatiere1 #ahhi4 ,white1 rose centre1 large4 ,martha4 ,lambert1 #aijf4 ,strawberry pink1 coppery buds4 ,maxime ,buatois4 ,copper yellow1 changing to carmine yellow4 ,mignonette4 ,guillot1 #ahha4 ,soft rose1 changing to white4 ,mosella4 ,lambert ,reiter1 ,i #hif4 ,yellowish white1 centre rose4 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,h4 ,cutbush4 ,levavasseur1 #aijg4 ,a pink ,mme4 ,n4 ,levavasseur4 ,paquerette4 ,guillot fils1 #ahge4 ,pure white2 flowers in immense panicles4 ,perle d',or4 ,dubreuil1 #ahhc4 ,nankeen yellow1 orange centre4 ,perle des ,rouges4 ,dubreuil1 #ahif4 ,velvety crimson1 reflexes bright cerise4 ,petit ,constant4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aijj4 ,deep nasturtium red4 ,petite ,leonie4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #ahic4 ,rosy white1 carmine centre4 ,philipine ,lambert4 ,lambert1 #aijc4 ,silvery pink1 centre deep flesh4 ,primula4 ,soupert et ,notting1 #aija4 ,bright ,china rose1 centre snow white4 ,rosalind4 ,paul ,son1 #aijg4 ,bright pink1 with deeper buds4 ,rosel ,dach4 #aijg4 ,bright cherry rose4 ,schneewittchen4 ,lambert1 #aija4 ,creamy white1 passing to snow white4 ,schneekopf4 ,lambert1 #aijc4 ,snow white1 in large clusters4 ,,footnotes3 #g ,rivers' ,rose ,amateur's ,guide4 #h ,see p4 #eg4 ,,chapter ,x ,,rose ,,pests ,,the enemies of the rose are many4 ,they are of two classes2 the insect foes1 and diseases caused by ,fungi4 ,and their prevention and destruction are tasks1 as every rose-grower knows only too well1 which call for ceaseless vigilance and constant work1 more especially in the early months of the season4 ,for if remedies are applied in good time1 the pests of both kinds give comparatively little trouble after ,may and ,june until the early autumn1 when a fresh crop of both appears4 ,no such powerful weapon has ever before been put in the hand of the rose-grower1 as the remarkable handbook on the ,enemies of the ,rose1 published this spring 7#aijh7 by the ,national ,rose ,society4 ,for here the veriest tyro can recognize the diseases which puzzle him and the insects which drive him to despair in all stages of their mischievous existence1 figured in exquisitely drawn and coloured plates2 while in the terse and admirable letter-press he is told how to combat their destructive ways4 ,this little book can be obtained by non-members of the ,society for #bs4 #f;d41 through any member2 and it ought to find a place on the shelf of every rose lover4 ,mildew1 of all ,fungoid diseases1 is the worst we have to contend with4 ,some roses1 such as the lovely ,h4 ,t4 ,killarney1 the ,crimson ,rambler1 the ,h4 ,p4 ,margaret ,dickson1 and others1 are specially subject to this pest2 and unless measures are taken against it when the very first sign appears1 it quickly spreads to other roses4 ,two seasons ago a plant of ,margaret ,dickson had it badly in my garden1 and infected its neighbour1 ,frau ,karl ,druschki1 to an alarming extent4 ,this odious disease1 though more or less always present in the garden1 appears generally in marked strength twice in the season--first in spring1 when the foliage is just fully developed1 and secondly after the midsummer shoots are grown4 ,it must be attacked early before it gets any hold1 in fact1 before it actually shows1 if we have reason to suspect its presence4 ,flowers of ,sulphur is the most usual and effective preventive4 ,it is blown over the plants with bellows made specially for the purpose4 ,floating like a fine cloud all over the garden it settles on every part of the plant4 ,the early morning before the dew is gone is the time to apply it1 as the evaporation of the dew has some subtle effect on the sulphur which greatly increases its efficacy4 ,rev4 ,f4 ,page-,roberts strongly recommends ,black ,sulphur instead of the ordinary yellow1 used with one of the ,ideal ,powder ,bellows1 made by ,w4 ,wood ,son1 ,wood ,green4 ,another preventive1 which is advised in the ,national ,rose ,society's handbook as extremely efficacious1 is syringing with ,potassium ,sulphide1 ,liver of ,sulphur--half an ounce to a gallon of water4 ,the handbook advises adding a tablespoonful of liquid glue1 or the whites of two eggs to every gallon of water1 as this causes the solution to adhere better to the foliage4 ,if thoroughly and carefully applied with a very fine syringe1 such as the ,abol ,syringe1 using the bend attached to get at the under-side of the leaves where the fungus first appears1 this wash acts rapidly upon the pests4 ,mo-,effic1 a new preparation1 has been highly recommended in the last two years4 ,i have not tested it myself4 ,but ,mr4 ,mawley considers it most successful4 ,black ,spot is another troublesome pest4 ,it attacks the foliage alone1 and not only spoils the appearance of the leaves1 but so injures them that they fall off prematurely4 ,the disease can be best checked by spraying with the ,liver of ,sulphur wash1 beginning early in the spring and going on at intervals4 ,rose ,rust and ,rose ,leaf ,scorch may also be combated with ,liver of ,sulphur wash4 ,but in all these three last diseases1 it is a matter of the greatest importance to collect the badly diseased leaves on the plant1 and especially to pick up every one lying on the ground1 and to see that they are burnt at once and not thrown on the rubbish heap1 where they will only infect the soil4 ,sooty ,mould1 the unsightly black stuff which often covers the foliage1 is a parasitic fungus not upon the leaf itself but upon the honey dew deposited by ,green ,fly4 ,if therefore the honey dew is kept off by destroying the ,aphides which secrete it1 ,sooty ,mould will not appear4 ,,insect ,,pests4 ,green ,fly1 or ,rose ,aphis1 is alas6 too well known in every garden to need much description4 ,but the reason why it is so difficult sometimes to get rid of this pest is not so commonly known4 ,the ,aphides breathe through pores at the sides of their bodies4 ,and in order to kill them1 some substance must be used which will close these pores4 ,therefore syringing with water or any clear liquid is absolutely useless2 for if a few ,green ,fly are knocked off one shoot they will only settle on some other4 ,we often hear people say after a thunderstorm1 ,this will clean the roses and wash off the ,green ,fly nicely4 ,far from it4 ,they only increase the faster2 while the caterpillars rejoice1 and flaunt themselves openly on every bush4 ,then in despair some one uses paraffin or some violently caustic wash for spraying the ,green ,fly1 and destroys his roses thereby4 ,nature has mercifully provided some enemies to prey on the ,green ,fly--and these help in some small degree to keep the pest down4 ,the chief of these is the ,ladybird1 which both in its adult and in its larval state devours them ceaselessly4 ,the pretty green ,lace-wing ,fly or ,aphis ,lion is also useful1 as its larvae are provided with large sickle-shaped jaws for picking the ,green ,fly off the plants4 ,the ,hover ,fly--which looks like a small1 slim two-winged bee or wasp--lays its eggs in the thick of a mass of ,green ,fly1 and its green and grey leech-like maggots feed upon them4 ,and the ,ichneumon and ,chalcid ,flies lay their eggs in the bodies of the ,aphides and their maggots feed on them from within4 ,but all these are of comparatively little help to the unhappy rosarian1 who must therefore devise unnatural means to clear his plants4 ,as far as ,i know1 with the exception of an ,aphis brush--a useful invention1 but one which needs very gentle handling--there are only two safe remedies for this universal plague4 ,the usual one is a wash of soft-soap and quassia1 in these proportions-- ,best soft-soap #a lb4 ,quassia chips #ba_/b lb4 ,water #be gallons4 ,even this wash1 excellent as it is1 will sometimes fail to get rid of the scourge in a bad year4 ,but ,i have found ,abol1 ,white's ,superior1 a never-failing remedy4 ,it is also much easier to use1 as one only has to mix it with cold water according to the directions on each can1 and it is ready in a minute4 ,if either of these remedies are used the moment the ,green ,fly appears1 and the dose repeated a couple of days later in order to kill any that may have escaped the first spraying1 we have very little more trouble until the second crop of ,green ,fly appears in ,september4 ,it is well to syringe the plants thoroughly with pure water a few days after the second dose of either of these washes1 as this knocks off the dead ,aphides1 and leaves the foliage clean and sweet4 ,although paraffin in various forms is often recommended1 let me urge upon my readers that it is a most dangerous substance to use upon the rose--a naturally delicate plant--as any remedy of a caustic nature is sure to do it far more harm than good4 ,tobacco wash is recommended by the ,continental rose-growers for ,aphis1 #a part of tobacco-juice to #ae parts of water4 ,if a little soft-soap is added it makes a better wash4 ,this is also a good wash for ,cuckoo ,spit or ,frog-,fly4--,this frothy substance if washed off will be found to contain a yellow creature1 often closely wedged into the angle of leaf and shoot1 or at the base of a flower bud4 ,this is a nymph or young ,frog-,fly--a most destructive insect--and unless removed it will so quickly suck the sap of the leaf and bud that it dies and falls off4 ,to get rid of them requires patience4 ,we must either hand-pick the roses--or if we spray with the tobacco wash it is necessary to syringe the plant with plain water first1 using some force1 to wash off the white froth--and then spray with the tobacco wash to kill the nymph4 ,this leads us to the more active and the worst of all the pests we have to fight against4 ,,beetles1 ,,bees1 ,,flies1 ,,and ,,moths1 which either in their adult form or as maggots and caterpillars prey upon the rose4 ,four ,beetles are among the enemies of the rose4 ,the beautiful green ,rose ,beetle or ,rose ,chafer does harm in both stages4 ,as a grub it feeds underground on the roots2 and as a beetle eats the foliage and the petals and anthers of the flowers4 ,i find it is particularly fond of the delicate blossoms of the ,yellow ,persian ,briar4 ,the ,cock ,chafer also eats the foliage1 and its large white grubs devour the roots of the roses to such an extent that they often kill the plant4 ,as the grubs remain for three years in the ground the damage they can do is incalculable2 and they attack other plants besides roses4 ,among the roots of a herbaceous ,spiraea ,i lifted this last winter1 ,i caught forty of these grubs1 and found they had so honey-combed the roots that the plant had to be burnt4 ,the ,summer ,chafer and ,garden ,chafer also attack roses4 ,where these four chafers are prevalent there is no cure but hand-picking4 ,the beetles must be collected off the bushes2 and the grubs carefully picked out of the roots1 if we have reason to think they are present from the rose appearing unhealthy4 ,or they may be tempted out of the soil by placing grass turves upside down close to the plants1 when they can be picked out and killed with a little boiling water4 ,the ,rose ,leaf-cutting ,bee spoils the foliage by cutting semi-circular pieces out of the leaves to line its nest4 ,a few years ago ,i found that a fine young plant of ,tea ,rambler was so relished by this bee that hardly a leaf was left intact4 ,there is no cure but to watch the bee going into her nest and there to destroy it after dusk4 99 99 99 99 99 ,of all pests that the rose-grower has to fight against ,,caterpillars ,,and ,,maggots are the very worst4 ,for there is no real remedy against their endless and varied depredations save hand-picking2 or as some one has tersely put it1 just a little gentle washing with non-caustic substances1 and just a lot of finger-and-thumb work4 ,this is tedious1 and often disgusting2 but it is the only way4 ,these loathsome pests are the larvae of certain flies and many kinds of moths4 ,sawflies1 the little black and shiny flies which infest the roses in ,may and ,june1 are a terrible pest1 as the eggs they lay on the leaves turn quickly into small1 green larvae4 ,there are several kinds of sawflies1 and their destructive methods vary4 ,the ,leaf-rolling ,sawfly1 whose larvae roll the rose-leaves like paper spills1 has become a serious pest among garden roses of late years1 and if these rolls are carefully unfolded the little green maggot will be found in one of them4 ,it must be caught with care1 as it is very lively1 and if allowed to fall to the ground will remain there1 and produce a fresh brood in the next year4 ,the ,rose ,slugworm is much more common1 and most destructive1 eating the upper surface of the leaves and leaving the lower to shrivel up4 ,it has two broods in the year4 ,the ,rose ,emphytus is another of the sawflies1 and one of the worst4 ,its larva eats the whole leaf away1 beginning at the mid rib1 and also works its way into a cell in the branches till the next spring1 thus killing the tender growths above4 ,this is the green caterpillar which we find coiled up on the under-side of the rose-leaves1 or in early morning and late evening curled round the base of a rose-bud1 working its way through the calyx into the heart of the flower4 ,it is far easier to catch1 as it is somewhat sluggish in movement1 clean and hard in substance--and therefore less disgusting to touch than others that squash in one's fingers4 ,the best remedies for these pests are3 first1 prevention1 by spraying with hellebore wash1 which ,i have found most useful4 ,second1 by careful hand-picking when the larvae appear4 ,and third1 by removing the surface soil in which the cocoons are buried1 and all dead wood1 during the winter4 ,hellebore wash is made in the following proportion-- #a oz4 fresh-ground hellebore powder4 #b oz4 flour4 #c gallons of water4 ,mix the hellebore and flour with a little water till dissolved2 then stir into the rest of the water and apply with a fine ,abol ,syringe4 ,caterpillars of many moths are among the most deadly foes of the rose4 ,some eat the foliage--such as the ,buff ,tip and ,vapourer ,moths2 others tunnel into the leaves4 ,but the worst of all are the ,tortrix ,moths or ,rose ,maggots1 whose repulsive grubs eat the unopened blossoms and spin the delicate young leaves together1 destroying the whole top of the new shoots4 ,there are many varieties of ,tortrix1 which are all quite small moths1 and their caterpillars or ,maggots are the most unpleasant and destructive of all we have to deal with4 ,the worst of all are the ,red and the ,brown ,rose ,maggots4 ,these creatures are dirty red or brown1 with black heads2 they are soft1 and grow very fat1 and when full grown are half an inch long4 ,they spin the leaves together at the top of the tender young flowering shoots1 often bending the top down2 and not only eat the leaves in the midst of this filthy fortress1 but eat their way into the buds and destroy them4 ,other ,tortrix ,moths have green and yellow-green maggots4 ,the worst is the ,green ,rose ,maggot--bluish-green with a black head4 ,it also spins the leaves together1 and grows nearly as large as the brown4 ,it is extremely active1 and very soft and slimy4 ,these all turn to pupae among the leaves instead of in the soil2 and any left in the foliage must be picked out and burnt4 ,if we wait until the shoots and buds are eaten and the foliage spoilt--nay1 till often the whole of our early flowers are ruined--the only remedy is to pinch the leaves which conceal the maggot1 if we have courage to do so1 or to hand-pick every one we see4 ,but happily a way exists of preventing these loathsome pests from destroying our roses4 ,and this is to spray the plants from the middle of ,april to early in ,may with arsenate of lead4#i ,this should be done twice1 and will prevent many other caterpillars from feeding on the foliage4 ,the ,vapourer ,moth1 the little golden brown moth with a tiny white crescent on each wing1 is unfortunately common everywhere1 in town as well as country2 and its caterpillars are as destructive as they are beautiful4 ,these caterpillars are found in great masses upon the hawthorn and fruit trees1 and attack the rose as well4 ,they are handsome1 hairy creatures1 spotted thickly with bright pink-red tubercles1 with four erect tufts of yellow hairs on the back1 and five longer tufts of darker hairs1 two pointing forwards1 one backwards over the tail1 and two at the sides4 ,if there are too many to be hand-picked the bushes must be sprayed with arsenate of lead4 ,the ,buff ,tip ,moth does most harm in the autumn1 when its caterpillars1 yellow and green1 with longitudinal black lines divided by yellow bands1 appear in colonies1 feeding upon the surface of the leaves4 ,they should be picked off at once1 before they grow large1 as they reach a length of two inches when full grown1 and disperse1 feeding singly4 ,if very plentiful1 spraying with arsenate of lead will destroy them4 ,the ,winter ,moth1 which is such a serious pest among fruit trees1 also attacks roses4 ,the caterpillar is hatched very early1 in the end of ,march and beginning of ,april4 ,it is a ,looper1 greyish at first and turning green later1 and nearly an inch long when full grown4 ,the grease bands we use on fruit trees to catch the wingless female as she creeps up in the autumn to lay her eggs on the bark1 would be difficult to use for rose-bushes4 ,the only plan therefore is to spray very early in the season with arsenate of lead wash4#aj ,another ,looper found early on the roses is that of the ,mottled ,umber ,moth4 ,it is brown with yellowish sides1 looks almost like a twig1 and is over an inch long4 ,it must be hand-picked4 ,the ,dagger ,moth's caterpillar--a long1 grey-black creature with a yellow line along the back1 a large black hump on the shoulder and a small one at the tail1 is most destructive when it appears in late summer and early autumn4 ,it is generally found singly2 but one specimen will strip a whole shoot of leaves1 leaving only the mid rib4 ,hand-picking is the only remedy4 ,these are the chief of the pests which we have to fight against4 ,and if we desire to keep our roses in health and beauty we must remember that prevention is better than cure1 and begin our treatment in good time1 before the many enemies of the rose get too firm a hold4 ,,remedies ,,for ,,rose ,,pests ,,washes1 ,,etc4 ,for ,aphis or ,green ,fly4 #a4 ,abol4 ,white's ,superior-instructions with each can4 #b4 ,soft soap and ,quassia ,wash4 ,best soft soap #a lb4 ,quassia chips #ba_/b lb4 ,water #be gallons4 ,dissolve the soap in boiling 7soft7 water4 ,boil the chips or simmer for twelve hours1 adding water from time to time to cover them4 ,strain off the liquid1 mix it with the dissolved soap1 stirring them together thoroughly1 then add the water4 #c4 ,tobacco ,wash--also useful for ,cuckoo ,spit1 ,thrips and ,leaf-,hoppers4 #a part tobacco juice4 #ae parts water4 ,add a little dissolved soft soap4 #d4 ,hellebore ,wash for ,sawflies4 ,fresh-ground hellebore #a oz4 ,flour #b oz4 ,water #c gallons4 ,mix the flour and hellebore powder with a little water4 ,then add the rest of the water4 ,it must be kept stirred1 and used with a fine spray4 ,hellebore is poison4 #e4 ,arsenate of ,lead for ,caterpillars4 ,this is a poisonous wash1 but the only one that can be used without hurting the roses4 ,it is made with the paste known as ,swift's ,arsenate ,paste1 mixed with water4 #f4 ,flowers of ,sulphur blown over the plants for ,mildew4 ,liver of ,sulphur ,wash for ,mildew and other fungi1 and for ,red ,spider4 ,liver of sulphur #a oz4 ,water #aj gallons4 ,powdered hellebore may be dusted over the bushes for ,sawflies1 but the hellebore wash is best4 ,all these washes can be used with the ,abol ,syringe4 ,and in large gardens ,vermorel's ,knapsack ,sprayer is almost indispensable1 as it does equally well for roses and fruit trees4 ,,footnotes3 #i p4 #adi4 #aj p4 #adi4 ,,chapter ,,xi ,,how ,,to ,,grow ,,roses ,,for ,,exhibition 7,by the ,,rev4 ,f4 ,,page-,,roberts1 ,vice-,president ,national ,rose ,society1 ,f4,r4,h4,s47 ,,in writing this chapter my purpose is to tell1 in a few clear words1 the way to grow fine roses1 whether they be for exhibition or for private delight2 for the method and culture are identical1 if the blooms are to be worth looking at4 ,first1 then1 as to situation and soil4 ,if possible1 choose a position for the beds sheltered from strong winds1 yet not near large trees1 or hedges2 for the roots will enter the beds and rob them of moisture and nutriment4 ,buildings and walls are the best shelters4 ,make the beds1 if possible1 in the highest part of the garden1 and not the lowest2 roses like an open situation1 though they need shelter from strong winds1 and shade1 if possible1 from the midday sun4 ,in writing these notes ,i do not wish to say anything that will discourage any one from trying to grow exhibition roses2 for they can be grown1 more or less well1 in almost any situation1 and any soil4 ,those who can choose both are to be envied4 ,then as to soil2 some varieties1 the ,h4 ,ps41 will only give the finest blooms in heavy loam2 the ,h4 ,teas in a less heavy2 and the ,teas1 the most beautiful1 though perhaps not so popular as the dark ,h4 ,ps41 in quite light sandy soil4 ,so the grower must decide according to his situation and soil what varieties to grow1 remembering that the ,teas are liable to suffer from severe frost4 ,i make my beds three feet deep and three feet wide1#aa allowing for two rows of roses1 and a grass path about thirty inches wide between the beds1 grass being more sightly than gravel1 and pleasanter to walk on4 ,the beds1 if the soil is heavy1 will be all the better for being raised a little above the level of the paths2 the roots do not like stagnant water4 ,the beds should be prepared in the autumn1 a few weeks before the end of ,october1 that the soil may settle4 ,the manure should be below the roots1 not touching them2 the roots will find it1 and it is better for them to go down1 than to come to the surface and suffer if the season be dry4 ,a good sprinkling of bone meal spread over the top soil before planting 7with a dusting of basic slag1 three to four ounces per square yard7 will be all that is necessary at this time4 ,covering the beds with manure in the winter is not recommended2 and digging1 or even turning it in1 in the spring1 is not advisable1 however carefully it is done1 as some of the roots must suffer1 and1 besides1 manure does not protect the roots4 ,the beds should never be disturbed more than the depth that a hoe will do it4 ,the beds for ,h4 ,ts4 and ,teas should be prepared in the same way4 ,beds wide enough for two rows are more easily managed than wider ones1 there being no need to tread on the soil when attending to the plants1 and they can be more easily hoed4 ,when selecting varieties1 consult an expert1 or better still1 if you are not a subscriber to the ,n4 ,r4 ,s4 7and this all rosarians should be71 get a copy of the ,n4 ,r4 ,s4 official catalogue of ,roses1 which can be obtained by non-members through a member1 price #bs4 #f;d4 ,this will give you all the information desired4 ,a list of good roses for exhibition is given at the end of this chapter4 ,it is advisable to order the plants early1 as nurserymen execute orders in the order in which they are received1 and planting should be done during the end of ,october and ,november2 if not done then it must be deferred till ,february or ,march4 ,the distance of plants from each other depends a good deal upon the varieties4 ,strong growers should be planted wider apart than small growers2 one foot apart is about the usual distance in the rows4 ,there are some varieties like ,a4 ,k4 ,williams1 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,j4 ,grant1 and ,horace ,vernet1 that do not transplant well4 ,these ought to be budded1 and not moved1 if possible4 ,dwarf-rooted stocks can be bought of the nurserymen at a small cost2 and the ,standard stocks1 the best for ,tea roses1 can be usually got in the neighbouring hedges4 ,pruning4#ab--,the object of pruning is to give increased vigour to the plant1 and to keep it within bounds2 to make1 if possible1 a new plant each year1 a new top to the old roots4 ,and to do this1 severe pruning is absolutely necessary4 ,the harder the pruning1 the stronger the growth4 ,each variety should be pruned according to its growth4 ,if very vigorous1 they require less cutting back than those of moderate1 or weakly growth4 ,h4 ,ps4 will be pruned harder than either ,h4 ,ts4 or ,teas2 the latter1 on account of frost1 will sometimes do with little pruning beyond cutting out all dead and weakly shoots1 and shortening slightly the long straggling ones4 ,in all cases do not allow the centre of the plant to be crowded4 ,the ,h4 ,ps4 as a rule1 may be cut down to two or three eyes1 leaving the very vigorous shoots of some kinds even five or six eyes2 but all weak shoots must be cut down to the base of the plant4 ,this pruning should be done in ,march1 leaving the ,teas till ,april4 ,if in pruning the pith be found to be dark in colour1 the shoot must be cut back4 ,sometimes it will be necessary to cut it quite away1 if no light-coloured pith can be seen4 ,then a certain amount of pruning or thinning of the shoots is necessary in the spring1 after the roses have started growing2 three to six shoots only1 according to the variety1 should be left4 ,a thinning again in autumn1 of the shoots that have done their work1 will give the later shoots a better chance of ripening4 ,manuring4--,farmyard dung is the best of all fertilisers1 and this should be used1 as has been pointed out1#ac when the beds are being made1 so that there is plenty of good nutriment below the roots4 ,nitrate of soda and ,guano1 both soluble1 may be sprinkled on the surface alternately once a week after the plants have begun to grow1 and hoed in4 ,manure put on for a mulch in winter does little or no good4 ,the very best and only mulch1 winter and summer1 is a loose soil surface2 and for this the hoe must be kept at work1 especially after rain or watering4 ,a good liquid manure is made by putting a barrowful of fresh cow manure into a large barrel1 a big wine pipe is the thing2 add soft water to thin it1 put in a bag of soot1 and fill up with rain-water4 ,after settling1 this will be ready for use4 ,liquid manure must not be given when the soil is dry1 but only after rain or a good watering4 ,soot dusted over the beds is beneficial1 and may also destroy a certain amount of ,mildew4 ,the drainage from the farmyard should not be allowed to waste1 as is so often the case2 but if well diluted it makes a good liquid manure4 ,do not apply the fertiliser close to the stem1 but distribute over the whole ground4 ,remember when giving liquid manure the same rule holds good1 ,strong meat for men1 milk for babes4 ,strong growing varieties will stand more than weak ones1 and no liquid manure should be given to newly planted trees4 ,a dressing of ,basic ,slag in the autumn is recommended4 ,pests4#ad--,these are many1 and the remedies are few and simple4 ,caterpillars1 large and small1 must be hunted for daily and killed with finger and thumb from ,april to ,july1 however unpleasant the process may be1 or the most promising buds will be spoiled4 ,for destroying ,aphis1 which are very troublesome some years1 a solution made by boiling ,quassia chips in water1 and adding soft soap when cooling1 is often used2 though finger and thumb drawn gently up the stem when the insect is first seen1 puts an end to those on the shoot2 and finger and thumb is even recommended for destroying ,mildew on its first appearance1 though this cannot be done when there is a bad attack4 ,nothing in my experience equals ,flowers of ,sulphur for ,mildew1 when distributed by an ,ideal powder bellows4 ,this should be done quite early in the morning1 when there is a promise of a hot1 sunny day4 ,if the wind is not too strong1 the ,sulphur will float through the plants like a cloud of smoke1 searching into every part4 ,this should be repeated once a week1 and even before there is a sign of ,mildew on the leaves1 prevention being better than cure4 ,but ,i know no remedy that will quite destroy it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,exhibiting4--,if the grower wishes to exhibit his flowers1 he should follow the instructions here given2 and ,i would also advise the reading of the late ,rev4 ,a4 ,foster ,melliar's book on exhibiting1 and the ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,pemberton's--both most excellent books--which enter more fully into particulars than space allows me to do4 ,the number of shoots having been reduced1#ae it will soon be time to gradually take away all the buds1 except the centre bud and one other4 ,this also must be taken away1 as soon as the centre bud looks healthy and free from damage4 ,very strong growers1 like ,florence ,pemberton1 and those varieties having a great number of petals1 will do better if the buds are not much thinned1 or they will be coarse4 ,the ,n4,r4,s4 definition of a good rose is3 ,the highest type of bloom is one which has form1 size1 brightness1 substance1 and good foliage1 and which is at the time of judging in the most perfect phase of its possible beauty4 ,it will be necessary in the case of ,hybrid ,perpetuals to select the bud1 which should be about three-quarters open1 two days before the show 7four or even five days for ,teas71 and to tie up1 not tightly1 the centre of the flower with ,berlin wool1 leaving the outer petals free1 taking care that it is not wet with rain1 or even dew4 ,bend the shoot down1 if possible1 and cover with a shade2 some clean litter spread under dwarfs on the ground will keep the flower from being splashed by heavy rains4 ,teas are improved if covered with a cone of butter paper1 as well as the shade2 and some may be cut two days before the show1 and if put in a dry1 dark cellar1 will remain in good condition4 ,marechal ,niel will improve in colour by being kept in the dark4 ,the best time for cutting ,h4 ,ps4 is from four to seven o'clock the evening before the show2 they will lose a little in colour1 but will stand longer than if cut before six o'clock on the morning of the show4 ,use garden scissors in preference to a knife4 ,when getting the blooms1 cut the stem five or six inches long1 and remove the lower leaves1 which only fill up the tube and do no good to the flower1 and do not add to its appearance in the box4 ,a receptacle with water should be taken round when cutting1 and the flowers put in immediately and never allowed to become dry 7the water must not be cold74 ,the name should be attached at once4 ,the regulation size of the ,n4 ,r4 ,s4 for rose boxes is #d inches high in front and #ah inches wide1 and of the following lengths 7all outside measurements74 ,for #bd blooms1 #c ft4 #f ins4 long2 for #ah blooms1 #b ft4 #i ins4 long2 for #ab blooms1 #b ft4 long2 for #i blooms1 #a ft4 #f ins4 long2 for #f blooms1 #a ft4 long2 for #h trebles1 #c ft4 #f ins4 long2 for #f trebles1 #b ft4 #i ins4 long2 for #d trebles1 #b ft4 long4 ,the lid should have a depth of #i inches to allow room for the blooms4 ,boxes are supplied at a moderate price by ,john ,pinches1 #c ,crown ,buildings1 ,crown ,street1 ,camberwell1 who also supplies tubes1 wire holders1 and shades2 they can also be obtained from horticultural firms4 ,the tray of the box should be covered with moss4 ,when the roses are all arranged for the night1 give a little air by putting a prop under the lid1 and leave the box in a cool place4 ,when the boxes are placed on the show tables1 lift the lids sufficiently high to get at the flowers4 ,each tube should be lifted and the rose raised1 taking care that the stem is in the water4 ,all damaged outer petals must be removed1 and the flower if full with substance in it1 may have the wool removed4 ,assist the opening of the blooms with a camel's hair brush4 ,a gentle puff with the mouth at the centre will loosen tightly packed petals4 ,care must be taken when dressing a bloom1 not to alter its character2 for this1 according to ,n4 ,r4 ,s41 shall count as a bad bloom4 ,the ties must not be removed from the thin ones 7those with few petals7 until the last minute1 when it is time to remove the lids4 ,it will be necessary to take a few extra blooms in different stages of growth1 to replace any in the box that have expanded2 for a rose showing an eye gains no point4 ,care must be taken that there are no duplicates1 but all distinct according to schedule4 ,once exhibit at an important show1 and many lessons will be learnt which can only be learnt there and then4 ,a ,,selection ,,of ,,the ,,best ,,exhibition ,,roses ,hybrid ,perpetuals4 ,alfred ,colomb ,a4 ,k4 ,williams ,bob ,davison ,captain ,hayward ,charles ,lefebvre ,commandant ,felix ,faure ,comte ,raimbaud ,dr4 ,andry ,duke of ,wellington ,dupuy ,jemain ,fisher ,holmes ,francois ,michelon ,frau ,karl ,druschki ,helen ,keller ,horace ,vernet ,hugh ,dickson ,hugh ,watson ,marie ,baumann ,mrs4 ,cocker ,mrs4 ,john ,laing ,mrs4 ,sharman ,crawford ,prince ,arthur ,suzanne ,marie ,rodocanachi ,ulrich ,brunner ,victor ,hugo ,hybrid ,teas4 ,bessie ,brown ,caroline ,testout ,c4 ,j4 ,grahame ,countess of ,derby ,countess of ,gosford ,dean ,hole ,earl of ,warwick ,florence ,pemberton ,george ,laing ,paul ,j4 ,b4 ,clarke ,kaiserin ,augusta ,victoria ,killarney ,la ,france ,lady ,ashtown ,lady ,helen ,vincent ,lady ,moyra ,beauclerk ,mme4 ,melanie ,soupert ,marquise ,litta ,mildred ,grant ,mrs4 ,g4 ,w4 ,kershaw ,mrs4 ,john ,bateman ,mrs4 ,theodore ,roosevelt ,mrs4 ,w4 ,j4 ,grant ,perle von ,godesberg ,princesse ,marie ,mertchersky ,queen of ,spain ,william ,shean ,yvonne ,vacherot ,teas4 ,anna ,olivier ,auguste ,comte ,bridesmaid ,catherine ,mermet ,cleopatra ,comtesse de ,nadaillac ,ernest ,metz ,innocent ,pirola ,mme4 ,constant ,soupert ,mme4 ,cusin ,mme4 de ,watteville ,mme4 ,hoste ,mme4 ,jules ,gravereaux ,maman ,cochet ,marechal ,niel ,medea ,mrs4 ,edward ,mawley ,mrs4 ,myles ,kennedy ,muriel ,grahame ,souv4 d',elise ,vardon ,souv4 de ,pierre ,notting ,souv4 de ,s4 ,a4 ,prince ,souv4 d'un ,ami ,the ,bride ,white ,maman ,cochet ,,footnotes3 #aa ,see ,chapter ,i1 ,making the ,beds4 #ab ,see ,chapter ,,ii4 #ac ,see ,chapter ,i1 and above1 p4 #aeb4 #ad ,see ,chapter ,x4 #ae ,see above4 ,,index ,a4 ,abol syringe1 #ach1 #adh4 ,abol1 ,white's ,superior1 #ada1 #adh4 ,aphis4 ,see ,green ,fly4 ,aphis ,lion1 #adj4 ,arsenate of lead1 #adf-i4 ,b4 ,beds1 depth1 #f1 #aeb4 -- size of1 #e1 #aeb4 ,bee1 leaf cutting1 #adc4 ,beetles1 #adb-c4 ,black spot1 #ach4 ,black sulphur1 #ach4 ,budding1 #bg-cj4 ,c4 ,caterpillars1 #adc-h1 #aef4 ,chalcid fly1 #adj4 ,cock chafer1 #adb4 ,cuckoo spit1 #ada-b4 ,cuttings1 #cj-cd4 -- under glass1 #cb4 -- open ground1 #cc-d4 ,cutting dead blooms1 #ba4 ,d4 ,drainage1 #b-c1 #aeb4 ,draughts1 danger of1 #a-b4 ,e4 ,enemies of the ,rose1 #acf4 ,exhibiting1 #aeg4 -- arranging at the show1 #aei4 -- cutting the blooms1 #aeh4 -- disbudding1 #aeg4 -- rose boxes1 #aeh-i4 -- rose tubes1 #aei4 -- shading1 #aeh4 ,exhibiting1 selecting the bud1 #aeg4 -- thinning the shoots1 #aed4 -- tying the blooms1 #aeg4 ,exhibition roses-- -- -- beds for1 #aea-b4 -- -- distance of plants1 #aec4 -- -- manures1 #aeb1 #aee4 -- -- pruning1 #aed4 -- -- selecting varieties1 #aec4 -- -- soil1 #aeb4 ,f4 ,flowers of sulphur1 #acg1 #aej1 #aef4 ,frog fly4 ,see ,cuckoo spit4 ,fungi1 #acf-i4 ,g4 ,green fly1 #aci-da4 -- -- remedies for1 #adh-i1 #aef4 ,h4 ,heeling in roses1 #i4 ,hellebore wash1 #ade1 #adi4 ,hoeing1 importance of1 #ad1 #aee4 ,hover fly1 #adj4 ,i4 ,ichneumon fly1 #adj4 ,ideal powder bellows1 #ach1 #aef4 ,l4 ,labels1 #ac4 ,ladybirds1 #adj4 ,layering1 #cd-f4 ,liver of sulphur1 #ach1 #aej4 ,m4 ,manures-- -- ,basic slag1 #g1 #aef4 ,manures1 farm yard1 #f-g1 #aee4 -- ,guano1 #aee4 -- liquid1 #aee-f4 -- ,nitrate of soda1 #aee4 ,mildew1 #acg-ada1 #aee-f4 -- remedies for1 #acg-h1 #aej1 #aef4 ,mo-,effic1 #ach4 ,n4 ,national ,rose ,society1 #acf1 #aec1 #aeg-h-i4 ,noisette1 ,philippe1 #fh4 ,p4 ,paraffin1 danger of1 #adj-a4 ,planting1 #aj-ad4 -- dates for1 #g1 #aec4 -- depth1 #i-aj4 ,potassium sulphide4 ,see ,liver of ,sulphur4 ,position1 #a1 #aea4 ,propagating1 #bg4 ,provins1 #dj4 ,pruning1 #ad-bg4 -- ,banksia roses1 #bf1 #ed4 -- dates for1 #af4 -- directions for1 #bb-g4 -- for exhibition1 #aed4 -- ,fortune's ,yellow1 #bf4 -- ,noisettes1 #bj4 -- object of1 #ai1 #aed4 -- ,ramblers1 #bj4 ,r4 ,raffia1 #ab1 #cj4 ,rivers1 ,mr4 ,thomas1 #aaa4 -- ,amateur's ,rose ,guide1 #ce-f1 #gb1 #hb1 #aab1 #abc4 ,rose1 ,apothecary's1 #dj4 -- ,blush tea-scented1 #ha4 -- ,camoens1 #abe4 -- ,caroline ,testout1 #ig4 -- ,cherokee1 #ed1 #fc4 -- ,conrad ,f4 ,meyer1 #df4 -- ,crimson ,perpetual1 #aaa4 -- ,crimson ,rambler1 #eh4 -- de ,meaux1 #bc1 #cg1 #ci4 -- de ,provins1 #ci4 -- ,devoniensis1 #hb4 -- ,fortune's ,yellow1 #bj1 #fi-gj4 -- ,frau ,karl ,druschki1 #aad4 -- ,general ,schablikine1 #he4 -- ,gloire de ,dijon1 #hb4 -- -- -- ,rosamenes1 #aab1 #abd4 -- ,jaune ,desprez1 #fi4 -- ,la ,france1 #ic4 -- ,lyon1 #dc4 -- ,mme4 ,constant ,soupert1 #he4 -- ,mme4 ,segond ,weber1 #ie1 #ih4 -- ,m4 ,tillier1 #hd4 -- ,peace1 #he1 #ii4 -- ,perpetual ,damask1 #abd4 -- ,reve d',or1 #ga4 -- ,souv4 d'un ,ami1 #ha4 -- ,yellow ,china1 #ha4 ,rose-chafer1 #adc4 -- ,leaf scorch1 #ach4 -- ,pests1 #acf-ej1 #aef4 -- -- remedies for1 #adh-aej1 #aef4 -- roots1 care of1 #h-i4 -- -- and manure1 #g1 #aj1 #aeb4 ,roses-- -- arrangements in colour1 #aad-af4 -- ,alba1 #da1 #dh4 -- ,austrian briars1 #db1 #di4 -- ,autumn flowing climbers1 #fh-gi4 -- ,ayrshire1 #eb1 #fb4 -- ,banksian1 #ec-d1 #fc4 -- ,bourbon1 #abc1 #acj4 -- ,boursault1 #ee1 #fc4 -- ,brunonis1 #gc4 -- ,cabbage or ,provence1 #ch1 #dg4 -- ,china1 #abf1 #aca4 -- ,damask1 #da1 #dh4 -- ,dwarf ,polyantha1 #abh1 #acc4 -- ,evergreen1 #ec1 #fc4 -- ,french or ,gallica1 #ci-dj1 #dh4 -- ,hungarian1 #ef1 #fd4 -- ,hybrid ,china1 #ef-g1 #fd1 #aab4 -- ,hybrid ,perpetual1 #aaa-abb4 -- -- -- climbing1 #gd1 #gf4 -- ,hybrid ,tea1 #ib-aaj4 -- -- -- climbing1 #gf-i4 -- ,irish single1 #ij1 #aaj4 -- ,macartney1 #gc4 -- ,moss1 #ci1 #dg-h4 -- ,multiflora or ,rambler1 #eg-i1 #fe-f4 -- ,musk1 #ga-c4 -- ,noisette1 #fh-ga1 #gd-e4 -- ,pernetiana1 #db-c1 #ej4 -- ,prairie1 #ee1 #fd4 -- ,rugosa or ,ramanas1 #de-g1 #ej-a4 -- ,scotch briar1 #de1 #ej4 -- ,sinica1 #ed1 #fc4 -- ,summer-flowering dwarf1 #cf-ea4 -- -- climbing1 #eb-fg4 -- ,sweet briar1 #dd1 #ej4 -- -- -- ,penzance1 #dc-d1 #ej4 -- ,tea1 #hj-ib4 -- -- climbing1 #gj-i4 -- ,wichuraiana1 #fj-b1 #ff-g4 ,s4 ,sawflies1 #add-e4 ,secateurs1 #i1 #ag4 ,shades for rose blooms1 #aei4 ,shelter1 #b1 #aea4 ,size of beds1 #e1 #aeb4 ,soil1 #c-e1 #aeb4 ,soot1 use of1 #aee4 ,sooty mould1 #aci4 ,standards1 #aaf1 #aed4 -- budding1 #bh4 -- planting1 #ab4 ,t4 ,tarred twine1 #ab4 ,trenching1 #f4 ,u4 ,unpacking new roses1 #h4 ,w4 ,washes-- -- ,abol1 ,white's ,superior1 #adh4 -- ,arsenate of lead1 #adf-i4 -- ,hellebore1 #ade1 #adi4 -- ,liver of sulphur1 #ach1 #aej4 -- ,soft soap and ,quassia1 #adj1 #adi1 #aef4 -- ,tobacco1 #ada-b1 #adi4 ,wire1 danger of1 #ab-ac4 ,,richard ,,clay ,,sons1 ,,limited1 ,,bread ,,street ,,hill1 ,e4,c41 ,,and ,,bungay1 ,,suffolk4 ,h4 ,,lane ,,son4 ,the ,nurseries1 ,,berkhamsted1 ,,beg ,,to ,,offer #ab ,best ,selected ,standard ,h4,p4 ,roses for #ae_/- #ajj ,dwarf #fj_/- #ab #i_/- #ab ,climbing ,roses #aj_/- #ab ,standard ,tea ,h4,t4 ,roses #ba_/- #ab ,dwarf #ab_/- 99 99 99 99 99 #aj ,selected ,pyramid ,plums1 best ,dessert for #ae_/- #aj ,kitchen #ae_/- #aj ,pears1 best vars4 #ae_/- #aj ,apples ,dessert #ae_/- #aj ,kitchen #ae_/- ,standard ,fruit ,trees from #ah_/- to #cj_/- doz4 ,grape ,vines1 from #e_/- to #ae_/- each4 ,dwarf-trained ,plums1 ,pears1 ,apples and ,cherries #b_/f to #c_/f each4 ,peaches1 ,nectarines1 and ,apricots1 #e_/- each4 ,gooseberries and ,currants #d_/- to #f_/- doz4 ,specimen ,trees1 ,conifers1 c4 from #b_/f to #db_/- each4 #ajj ,flowering ,shrubs in ,variety for #dj_/- ,rhododendrons1 from #ah_/- doz4 ,forest ,trees1 ,evergreen ,shrubs1 all sizes and prices4 ,climbers1 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,all our ,trees are well grown and very hardy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,write for ,catalogue ,l1 free on ,application4 99 99 99 99 99 ,established #acj ,years4 ,telephone3 #ah ,berkhamsted4 ,telegrams3 ,lane1 ,berkhamsted4 ,illustration3 ,,weedy ,,lawns ,,transformed ,,tennis ,,courts4 ,,bowling ,,greens ,,etc ,,by ,,climax ,,lawn ,,sand which destroys ,moss1 ,daisies1 ,plantains1 and other disfiguring weeds on lawns and greens1 at the same time so promoting the growth of the finer grasses that spaces previously occupied by weeds are quickly covered by a sward of fine close-growing grass which will preserve its good colour under conditions of continuous use and drought4 ,it may be applied during dry weather at almost any season of the year4 ,,the ,,effect of an application is apparent within a few hours4 ,the weeds blacken and die1 but the grass soon recovers its colour4 ,,quantity ,,required #bh lbs4 will dress from #ajj to #aej square yards1 according to the number and variety of weeds4 ,,prices4 ,,carriage ,,paid4 ,packages free2 sample tin #a_/c2 #g lbs41 #b_/-2 #ad lbs41 #c_/f2 #bh lbs41 #f_/-2 #ef lbs41 #aa_/-2 #a cwt41 #bj_/-2 #e cwt41 #ij_/-2 #aj cwt41 #agj_/-2 #bj cwt41 ,l#af-aj-j4 ,,every ,,weed ,,destroyed ,,root ,,and ,,branch ,,on ,,carriage ,,drives1 ,,roads1 ,,paths1 ,etc41 ,,by ,a ,,single ,,application ,,of ,,climax ,,weed ,,killer4 ,the use of which dispenses with hoeing and weeding1 and keeps the surface bright and firm4 ,it does not burn1 stain or smell offensively4 ,used in every ,county during the last fifteen years by ,municipal ,bodies1 surveyors1 estate agents1 etc4 ,,liquid ,,weed ,,killer4 ,one gall4 makes #ea galls4 sufficient for #afj to #bjj square yards4 ,,prices 7carriage paid7 ,drums and ,casks ,free3 #a_/b-;gall4 #b_/c2 #a gall4 #c_/f2 #e galls4 #ae_/-2 #aj galls4 #bf_/-2 #bj galls4 #ej_/-2 #dj galls4 #ij_/-2 ,,powder ,,weed ,,killer4 ,packed in air-tight tins4 ,mixes readily in cold water without heat or fumes4 ,equal in effectiveness to the liquid4 ,convenient to store and handle1 it will keep for an indefinite period4 ,measure to make small quantities enclosed with each order4 ,,prices ,carriage ,paid ,tins ,free4 ,no4 #a ,tin makes #be galls4 to dress #hj to #ajj yards1 #b_/-2 #b tins #c_/f2 #ab tins #bj_/-4 ,no4 #b ,tin makes #ajj galls4 to dress #cbj to #djj square yards1 #f_/f2 #b tins #ab_/f2 #e tins #bh_/-2 #aj tins #ee_/-2 #bj tins #ajj_/-4 ,,slugs1 ,,ants1 ,,destroyed ,,wireworm ,,woodlice ,,etc4 ,,quickly ,,by ',,alphol' ,,which ,,in ,,addition ,,to ,,promoting ,,the ,,growth ,,of ,,plants ,,will ,,also ,,destroy ,,every ,,variety ,,insect ,,infesting ,,the ,,soil4 ,it is a dry non-poisonous powder which should be freely dug into the soil to destroy wireworm and other larvae1 while for ,ants1 ,slugs1 and ,woodlice1 a light sprinkling on the surface is sufficient4 ,when making up potting soil1 manure or leaf mould1 an occasional sprinkling will increase the manurial value and also destroy the worms and other insects4 ,by use of ',,alphol'1 ground which previously teemed with insect life will grow splendid crops4 ,,cats ,,will ,,not ,,scratch ,,where ,,alphol ,,has ,,been ,,used4 ,,quantity ,,required ,on medium and heavy land #bh lbs4 will dress #bej square yards1 or #e cwt4 will dress an acre2 on light sandy land1 #be more will be required2 for compost and manure heaps #g to #ad lbs4 to each ton4 ,,prices4 ,,carriage ,,paid4 #g lbs4 #b_/-2 #ad lbs4 #c_/-2 #bh lbs #e_/-2 #ef lbs4 #h_/f2 #a cwt4 #ae_/-2 #e cwt4 #ge_/-2 #aj cwt4 ,l#g2 #bj cwt4 ,l#ac-aj4 7,sample ,tin #a_/c post free7 ,,note4--,,alphol ,,is ,,also ,,an ,,efficient ,,manure4 ,,the ,,boundary ,,chemical ,co ,ltd41 ,cranmer ,st41 ,liverpool4 ,,send ,,for ,a ,,copy ,,of ,,reliable ,,garden ,,helps4 ,,roses6 ,indispensable to all lovers of a garden are our ,rose and ,,bulb ,,catalogues1 containing #ajj unpublished ,illustrations4 ,,full ,,cultural ,,directions sent free on application by ,,gemen ,,bourg1 ,,luxembourg1 ,grand ,duchy4 ,the ,largest ,rose ,growers and ,bulb ,importers of the ,continent4 ,orders from ,l#a sent free of charge4 ,our products are ,stronger1 ,hardier and ,cheaper than anywhere else4 99 99 99 99 99 ,artistic ,garden ,trellis1 ,arches1 ,pergolas1 ,arbours1 and similar goods for training ,climbing ,roses4 ,illustration ,,walters ,co41 #af ,water ,lane1 ,great ,tower ,street1 ,,london1 ,e4,c4 ,,makers ,,of ,,high-,,class ,,garden ,,furniture4 ,,price ,,lists ,,free4 ,,roses ,one of the most complete ,collections on the ,globe4 ,first-class ,plants ,unsurpassed4 ,export trade all over the world4 ,raisers of famous ,novelties4 ,all best ,new ,roses of ,british1 ,american and ,continental raisers4 ,,soupert ,,notting ,,luxembourg1 ,grand ,duchy4 ,rose ,growers by ,royal ,appointment4 ,established ,half a ,century4 ,illustrated ,catalogue ,gratis and ,post ,free on application4 ,all ,strong and ,home-grown ,plants4 ,,rose ,illustration ,collection ,c ,garden ,roses4 ,the ,finest selection of #be ,garden ,roses possible in dwarf plants for #aes4 7with ,acme ,labels1 #ags4 #f;d471 carriage and packing free for cash with order4 ,full details on application ,send for ,catalogue ,no4 #bh1 giving full details1 and is also a full descriptive list of ,roses1 ,fruits1 ,ornamental ,trees1 ,shrubs1 and ,plants1 post free on application to-- ,messrs4 ,h4 ,,merryweather ,,sons1 ,ltd4 ,garden ,specialists1 ,,southwell1 ,,notts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,obvious punctuation errors repaired4 ,text uses3 ,eugene ,verdier2 ,eugenie ,verdier1 and ,eugene ,verdier4 ,this was retained4 ,unless a large majority was noticed1 accents1 except where noted1 were left as in the original4 ,page #dj1 ,illustration caption1 ,apothecaries' changed to ,apothecary's to match text 7,apothecary's ,rose7 ,page #ea1 rosy changed to ,rosy 7#ahij4 ,rosy carmine7 ,page #ec1 ,illustration caption1 ,,elicite changed to ,,felicite 7,,felicite-,,perpetue7 ,page #ef1 he changed to the 7the ,prairies7 ,page #eg1 ,hebe changed to ,hebe 7,coupe d',hebe and7 ,page #fb1 dou le changed to double 7white1 large1 double7 ,page #ff1 ,debutante changed to ,debutante 7,debutante4 ,walsh7 ,page #gg1 ,barre changed to ,barre 7,billiard and ,barre7 ,page #gh1 pere changed to pere 7,levet pere1 #ahhj7 ,page #hh1 ,lady ,mary ,corry was moved above ,lena to maintain alphabetical order of list4 ,page #id1 ,camoeens changed to ,camoens 7them4 ,camoens7 ,page #ig1 ,grunerwald changed to ,gruenerwald 7,gustave ,gruenerwald7 ,page #abd1 ,chateau changed to ,chateau 7,chateau de ,neuilly1 near7 ,page #afd1 ,,suffok changed to ,,suffolk 7,,bungay1 ,,suffolk7