,transcrib]'s ,notes ,?is text is d]iv$ f a copy 9 ! ,ave ,m>ia ,univ]sity libr>y1 catalog numb] ,b #gfe 4,b#gd ,c#fgh #aiaa ,footnotes h be5 r5umb]$ to avoid ambiguity4 ,end ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,,! ,,fri> ,,sa9ts ,,s]ies ,editors = ! ,franciscan ,lives ,! ,v ,rev4 ,fr4 ,,osmund4 ,o4,f4,m41 ,prov9cial1 & ,c4 ,m4 ,,antony ,editors = ! ,dom9ican ,lives ,! ,rev4 ,fr4 ,,b$e ,,j>rett4 ,o4,p41 & ,c4 ,m4 ,,antony ,,/4 ,,bonav5ture ,nihil ,ob/at3 ,d4 ,,?omas ,,b]gh1 ,o4,s4,b41 ,c5sor ,deputatus ,imprimatur3 ,,edm4 ,,c4 ,,surmont1 ,vic>ius ,g5]alis ,,we/mona/]ii1 die #cj ,m>tii1 #aiaa4 ,illu/ration2 ,,/4 ,,bonav5ture4 ,f an engrav+ by ,eitel aft] ! pa9t+ by ,cavazzola 7,p4 ,mor&o7 ,,sa9t ,,bonav5ture ,,! ,,s]aphic ,,doctor ,,m9i/]-,,g5]al ,,( ,,! ,,franciscan ,,ord] ,,c>d9al ,,bi%op ,,( ,,albano ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,,fr4 ,,laur5ce ,,co/elloe1 ,o4,f4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,h]ald4 ,,deus ,,meus ,,et ,,omnia ,,) ,,six ,,illu/rations ,,longmans1 ,,gre5 ,,& ,,co4 ,,f\r? ,,av5ue ,,& #cj,,? ,,/reet1 ,,new ,,york ,,london1 ,,bombay ,,& ,,calcutta #aiaa v ,,prefatory ,,notice4 ,! fir/ two volumes ( ! ,fri> ,sa9ts ,s]ies n[ publi%$ w be foll[$ at %ort int]vals by f\r m ,lives1 two at a "t1 ,dom9ican & ,franciscan toge!r4 ,%\ld ! fir/ six ,lives prove successful !y w be foll[$ by a second set ( six4 ,! ord] ( publication w probably be z foll[s3-- ,dom9ican4 7#a7 ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as4 ,by ,fr4 ,,placid ,,conway1 ,o4,p4 7#b7 ,/4 ,v9c5t ,f]r]4 ,by ,fr4 ,,/anislaus ,,hogan1 ,o4,p4 7#c7 ,/4 ,pius ,v4 ,by ,c4 ,m4 ,,antony4 7#d7 ,/4 ,anton9us ( ,flor5ce4 ,by ,fr4 ,,b$e ,,j>rett1 ,o4,p4 7#e7 ,/4 ,raymond ( ,p5na=t4 ,by ,fr4 ,,?omas ,,s*w]tn]1 ,o4,p 7#f7 ,/4 ,l\is ,b]tr&4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,"m ,,m>y ,,reg9ald1 ,franciscan4 7#a7 ,/4 ,bonav5ture4 ,by ,fr4 ,,laur5ce ,,co/elloe4 ,o4,f4,m4 7#b7 ,/4 ,antony ( ,padua4 ,by ,c4 ,m4 ,,antony4 7#c7 ,/4 ,john ,capi/ran4 ,by ,fr4 ,,v9c5t ,,fitzg]ald1 ,o4,f4,m4 7#d7 ,/4 ,b]n>d9e ( ,si5a4 ,by ,miss ,m4 ,,w>d4 7#e7 ,/4 ,leon>d ( ,port-,maurice4 ,by ,fr4 ,,alex&] ,,murphy1 ,o4,f4,m4 7#f7 ,/4 ,pet] ( ,alcant>a4 ,by ,fr4 ,,eob]t ,,c>rol1 ,o4,f4,m4 ,o4,s4,d4 vi ,! ,fri> ,sa9ts ,s]ies1 :i* has receiv$ ! w>m approval ( ! au?orities ( bo? ,ord]s 9 ,engl&1 ,irel&1 & ,am]ica1 is e>ne/ly recomm5d$ to ,t]ti>ies1 & to ! ,ca?olic public g5]ally4 ,! ,ma/]-,g5]al ( ! ,dom9icans at ,rome1 s5d+ 8 bless+ to ! writ]s & read]s ( ! ,fri> ,sa9ts ,s]ies1 says3 ,! ,lives %\ld tea* _! read]s n only to "k ! ,sa9ts1 b also to imitate !m 4 ,! ,m9i/]-,g5]al ( ! ,franciscans1 ,fr4 ,d5is ,s*ul]1 s5ds 8 bless+ & be/ wi%es = ! success ( ! ,lives ( ! ,fri> ,sa9ts4 ,f4 ,,osmund4 ,o4,f4,m41 ,,prov9cial1 ,f4 ,,b$e ,,j>rett1 ,o4,p41 ,c4 ,m4 ,,antony1 ,editors4 vii ,,=eword4 ,! life ( ,sa9t ,bonav5ture1 ! ,s]aphic ,doctor1 is n[ appropriately pres5t$ to ! public z ! fir/ ( ! ,franciscan lives 9 ?is ,s]ies ( ! ,lives ( ! ,fri> ,sa9ts4 ,till ! days ( ?is ,second ,f\nd] ( ! ,franciscan ,ord]1 ! simplicity ( our ,holy ,fa!r ,/4 ,francis _h be5 ! sali5t feature ( 8 in/itute3 no successful ef=t _h hi!rto be5 made to organize ! gr[+ ,ord] unto ! full measure ( its effici5cy4 ,speak+ g5]ally1 ev]y?+ s f> _h be5 left to individual initiative1 & ! keynote ( ^? e>ly days is /ruck 9 ! lib]ty enjoy$ by ! individual--a lib]ty :i*1 ?\gh *>m+ to contemplate & ( irresi/ible appeal to a democratic age1 is yet incompatible ) ! di/9ctive "w a corporate body mu/ p]=ce fulfil if its de$s are to ju/ify its viii exi/5ce4 ,to effect ?is purpose a c]ta9 am\nt ( t rigid uni=mity att5dant on all organization 0 imp]atively dem&$4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ,/4 ,bonav5ture ?is 0 successfully accompli%$4 ,among ! _m elem5ts t ent]$ into ?is process ( developm5t we mu/1 p]haps1 assign ! mo/ conspicu\s place to ! sy/ematic pursuit ( le>n+ :i* our ,sa9t engraft$ on ,/4 ,francis' ideal ( contemplation & zeal1 & :i*1 "u ! guidance ( ,god's ,provid5ce1 has be5 de/9$ to r5d] ! ,franciscan ,ord] an effective =ce 9 deal+ ) ! _w's mo/ vital problems4 ,toge!r ) ?is pursuit ( le>n+ came ! introduction into ! ,ord] ( a uni=m ext]ior obs]vance2 an obs]vance inculcat$ & fo/]$ by a sy/ematiz$ code ( ,con/itutions & ord9ances :i* rema9 sub/antially ! same to-day z :5 fir/ fram$ c5turies ago4 ,! life ( ,/4 ,bonav5ture may1 accord+ly1 be consid]$ z ! ideal to :i* ! mod]n ,franciscan t5ds3 an ideal 9 :i* ! simplicity ( ,/4 ,francis is bl5d$ ) a ?or\gh grasp ( ! late/ developm5ts 9 sci5tific ?\ght3 9 :i* p]sonal hol9ess1 because cognizant ( self-weakness1 is ix l>ge-he>t$ & g5]\s 9 its sympa?y ) o!rs3 9 :i* ! multitud9\s details ( active & adm9i/rative life are rais$ by a /rong int]ior _s f :at might be a f]tile s\rce ( di/raction into a means ( clos] union ) ,god4 ,we h n[ b to add t ! foll[+ pages on ! life-"w ( ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 writt5 by ! late ,fr4 ,laur5ce ,co/elloe1 ,o4,f4,m41 are bas$ on ! critical life ( ! ,s]aphic ,doctor conta9$ 9 ! t5? volume ( 8 works 7,qu>ac*i1 #aijb74 ,at ! reque/ ( 8 sup]iors he int5d$ to revise & publi% 8 "w1 b sudd5 dea? fru/rat$ 8 design4 ,?is revision has n[ be5 und]tak5 by ! ,rev4 ,fr4 ,leo1 ,o4,f4,m41 :o has v]ifi$ ! s\rces1 & introduc$ su* *anges z 7 dem&$ by ! prescrib$ l5g? ( ?is "w4 ,,osmund ,,cooney1 ,o4,f4,m41 ,prov9cial4 ,,! ,,fri>y1 ,,=e/ ,,gate1 ,,london1 ,fea/ ( ! ,annunciation1 #aiaa x xi ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,,*ildhood ,,& ,,y\? #a ,,ii4 ,,sanctity ,,& ,,le>n+ #h ,,iii4 ,,! ,,m5dicant ,,ord]s ,,assail$ #ag ,,iv4 ,,! ,,m5dicants ,,v9dicat$ #bc ,v4 ,,m9i/]-,,g5]al #cj ,,vi4 ,,discipl9e ,,& ,,obs]vance #cg ,,vii4 ,,incid5ts ,,( ,,adm9i/ration #de ,,viii4 ,,/4 ,,francis' ,,biograph] #ef ,,ix4 ,,int]ior ,,_s #fd ,x4 ,,love ,,( ,,god #gb ,,xi4 ,,! ,,ar*bi%opric ,,( ,,york #hb ,,xii4 ,,miscellane\s ,,anecdotes ,,( ,,! ,,sa9t #hh ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,c>d9alate #ig ,,xiv4 ,,dea? #ajd ,,xv4 ,,canonization #aae xii ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,,/4 ,,bonav5ture ,frontispiece ,f an ,engrav+ by ,eitel1 aft] ! pa9t+ by ,cavazzola 7,p4 ,mor&o74 ,,! ,,coronation ,,( ,,our ,,lady ,to face ,to face p4 #cf ,f a ,photograph by ,al9>i ( ! picture by ,p9turi*io 9 ! ,vatican1 ,rome4 ,,/4 ,,bonav5ture ,,9 ,,ec/asy ,,:ile ,,writ+ ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,/4 ,,francis ,,is ,,visit$ ,,by ,,/4 ,,?omas ,,aqu9as ,f a ,fresco by ,giacomelli 9 ! ,franciscan ,*ur* at ,cimiex ,to face p4 #fb ,,! ,,papal ,,envoy ,,pres5t+ ,,/4 ,,bonav5ture ,,) ,,! ,,c>d9al',s ,,hat ,page #gc ,,/4 ,,bonav5ture ,f ,raphael's ,disputa 9 ! ,vatican4 ,page #aje ,,/4 ,,bonav5ture4 ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,m>ia degli ,angeli1 ,d9torni 7,tib]io d' ,assisi7 ,f a ,photograph by ,al9>i4 ,to face p4 #aad #a ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,*ildhood ,,& ,,y\?4 ,x is refre%+ to turn f ! depress+ mat]ialism ( ! pres5t "t to ! inspir+ fai? ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! *ange ( outlook is invigorat+2 x has on ! s\l ! effect :i* a brac+ atmosph]e has on ! body4 ,! temp] ( mod]n times t5ds to enfeeble our s5se ( ! sup]natural4 ,if we w\ld ma9ta9 undim9i%$ our spiritual vig\r we mu/ )draw occasionally f its influ5ce & endeav\r to dwell = a "t 9 a m heal?y religi\s atmosph]e4 ,?is is :y ,i w\ld take my read]s back to ! ?irte5? c5tury--a p]iod gl[+ ) ! fai? & f]v\r ( ! great spiritual revival effect$ by ,/4 ,francis & ,/4 ,dom9ic4 ,i d n int5d to treat ( t epo* & its *>act]i/ics g5]ally2 a field s wide c\ld be b v imp]fectly survey$ 9 ^! pages4 ,i ?9k we %all receive a cle>] & m =cible impression ( x if we /udy x z exemplifi$ 9 ! life ( "o #b ( ^? great sa9ts :o p]sonifi$ its _s 9 !mselves4 ,( c\rse we %\ld f9d ?is 9 all its fulness 9 ,/4 ,francis1 b !re are s _m works treat+ ( ! ,s]aphic ,patri>* t only ! discov]y ( "s entirely new aspect ( 8 m>vell\s life w\ld fully ju/ify ano!r4 ,i d n pret5d to ?is2 b ,i consid] t we %all a*ieve our purpose by /udy+ ! life ( "o ( ,francis' mo/ rem>kable sons1 viz4 ! ,s]aphic ,doctor1 ,/4 ,bonav5ture4 ,?is great man pres5ts to u an aspect ( ! ,franciscan _s :i* ^? :o /udy ! life ( ,/4 ,francis 9 all its lit]al simplicity may fail to discov]4 ,= actual pre-em95ce 9 le>n+ & ! e/abli%m5t ( means to secure its cont9uance among/ 8 foll[]s d n at fir/ sight appe> to receive ei!r approval or support f ! life ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,le>n+ & ! hon\r naturally atta*+ to x seem to sav\r ( temporal greatness1 b direct & absolute opposition to ?is 0 ! dom9ant note 9 ,francis' life4 ,he w\ld h 8 bre?r5 call$ ,fri>s ,m9or1 or less] bre?r51 & he directly says 9 8 ,rule3 ,let ^? :o are unle>n$ n seek to le>n4 ,yet we f9d ,/4 ,bonav5ture--deeply imbu$ ) ! _s ( ,/4 ,francis1 & sev5? ,g5]al ( 8 ,ord]--be>+ ! high dignity ( ,ma/] ( ,!ology & ,arts1 & z ,c>d9al ( ! ,holy ,roman ,*ur*1 occupy+ "o ( ! mo/ exalt$ /ations 9 ,*ri/5dom4 #c ,9 ! c\rse ( our survey we %all discov] ! secret ( ?is app>5t anomaly4 ,no "o appe>s to h be5 m fully alive to its exi/5ce ?an ,/4 ,bonav5ture himself1 z frequ5t ref]5ces to x 9 8 writ+s te/ify4 ,x is f ^! ref]5ces & ! explanations !y conta9 t we receive ! true/ insight into ! developm5t ( ! _s ( le>n+ 9 ! ,franciscan ,ord]4 ,/4 ,bonav5ture 0 born 9 ! ye> #abba1 at ,balneumregis1 ! mod]n ,bagnorea1 9 ! vic9ity ( ,vit]bo4 ,8 p>5ts 7 ,john & ,ritella ,fidanza4 ,_! /ation 9 life is a matt] ( conjecture4 ,"o hi/orian ass]ts t ,john ,fidanza 0 desc5d$ f ! noble h\se ( ,fidanza ( ,ca/ello1 & 0 a ,ma/] ( ,m$ic9e4 ,we are 9 no way conc]n$ to prove ! nobility ( ,bonav5ture's ance/ors4 ,8 p]sonal em95ce 9 le>n+ & hol9ess1 ) :i* alone we are conc]n$1 0 n ! inh]itance ( rank or /ation4 ,x may h be5 o!rwise ) ^? in/9cts ( piety & virtue t develop$ 9 8 s\l ev5 z a *ild4 ,to ! fo/]+ c>e ( a dev\t "m ! pres5ce ( ^! may ju/ly be attribut$4 ,exp]i5ce tea*es u t ! "m's influ5ce1 if x be good1 & well & prud5tly direct$1 is p>am\nt 9 ! life ( ! *ild = all "t1 det]m9+ x = good accord+ to ! degree ( its own excell5ce4 ,( ! e>ly ye>s ( our ,sa9t only "o /rik+ episode is pres]v$ to u1 :i* is ?us record$ #d by himself 9 8 introduction ,footnote #a to ! ,life ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,lam5t+ 8 inability & unwor?9ess to relate t life mo/ wor?y ( all imitation1 he feels himself b\nd1 ?r\gh ! love he is compell$ to feel = our ,holy ,fa!r1 to und]take ! task :i* ! ,g5]al ,*apt] s urg5tly laid on him4 ,=1 he cont9ues1 ?r\gh 8 invocation & m]its ,i 0 snat*$ f ! jaws ( dea? :ile yet a *ild--z ,i rememb] ) fre% & vivid memory4 ,7 ,i !n to refra9 f publi%+ 8 praises ,i %\ld fe> to incur ! crime ( +ratitude4 ,9 8 small] life ( ,/4 ,francis1,footnote #b he aga9 ref]s to ?is incid5t1 b adds a fur!r detail4 ,god does n cease1 are 8 words1 to glorify 8 s]vant by numb]less miracles wr\ght 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w1 z ,i myself c v\* f p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,= z ,i lay dang]\sly ill z a *ild1 ,i 0 snat*$ f ! v jaws ( dea? & re/or$ to heal?y life ow+ to a v[ my "m made to ! ,bless$ ,fa!r ,francis4 ,footnote #a3 ,leg5da ,major ,/i ,francisci1 ,prolog4 ,no4#c4 ,footnote #b3 ,leg5da ,m9or ,/i ,francisci1 ,lectio ,octava4 ,ar\nd ?is incid5t1 ?us simply record$1 ! leg5d has gr[n up t our ,sa9t owes 8 "n to a prophecy utt]$ by ,/4 ,francis on ! occasion ( 8 cure4 ,we are told t ! sick *ild 0 pres5t$ to ,francis by ! anxi\s "m :o ) te>s bes\ght 8 int]cession4 ,! ,sa9t took ! *ild 9 8 arms &1 rais+ 8 eyes to #e ,heav51 pray$ e>ne/ly = its re/oration4 ,assur$ t 8 petition 0 grant$1 he re/or$ x to its "m1 & reg>d+ x ) prophetic gaze1 exclaim$1 ,o buona v5tura--,oh good luck6 ,we _c v\* = ! au!nticity ( ?is n>rative1 b x has ! support ( a fairly reliable tradition4 ,"o ?+ is c]ta91 t prior to ! "t ( our ,sa9t1 ! "n ,bonav5ture 0 9 exi/5ce4 ,f 8 fa!r he appe>s to h receiv$ ! "n ( ,john1 & 9 _m ,,mss4 he is frequ5tly ref]r$ to "u t "n4 ,he has also be5 ref]r$ to z ,eu/a*ius1 ,jacobus1 ,euty*ius4 ,?is mu/ be attribut$ p>tly to errors 9 transcription & p>tly to ! ,sa9t's int]c\rse ) ,greek !ologians :o adapt$ ! ,greek =m ( 8 "n4 ,bonav5ture1 h[ev]1 is ! "n by :i* he 0 commonly kn[n to 8 contempor>ies1 & x is ! "o "u :i* 8 fame has come d[n to u4 ,z has be5 said1 ! /ory ( 8 boyhood is lo/ to u4 ,we might sket* a fanciful portrait ( x1 to h>monize ) ! hol9ess & le>n+ ( 8 subsequ5t life1 b conjecture is n hi/ory4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( record$ facts we are condemn$ to sil5ce4 ,! biograph]s to :om we might look = enlight5m5t on ?is matt] are sil5t4 ,!y seem s int5t on proclaim+ ! _w-wide fame ( 8 mature ye>s & record+ 8 great a*ievem5ts on behalf ( ! ,*ur* & ! ,franciscan ,ord]1 t !y h ov]look$ ! #f comp>atively obscure p]iod ( 8 y\?4 ,?is 0 no uncommon fault ) ! *ronicl]s ( t p]iod4 ,we h ano!r v /rik+ example ( x 9 ! insoluble obscurity 9 :i* ! biograph]s ( ! r5[n$ ,duns ,scotus h left ! "q ( 8 bir?place & nationality4 ,we d n "k :]e ,bonav5ture acquir$ ! rudim5ts ( le>n+2 we d n "k ) any?+ l c]ta9ty ! "n ( ! conv5t 9 :i* he made 8 novitiate4 ,our c]ta9 k ( him dates f 8 appe>ance 9 ,p>is 9 ! ye> #abdb4 ,c]ta9 ( our ,sa9t's words1 h[ev]1 lift ! veil1 ?\gh some:at slightly1 f ! %ad[s t obscure 8 e>ly ye>s4 ,writ+ 9 aft] ye>s aga9/ a detractor ( ! ,rule he pr(ess$1 ,bonav5ture ?us gave expression ,footnote #c to ! tr5d ( 8 e>li] ?\ghts3 ,d n take (f5ce1 he wrote1 t 9 ! beg9n+1 ! bre?r5 7 simple & unlett]$4 ,?is ought r to raise ! ,ord] 9 y\r e/eem4 ,= my "p ,i ackn[l$ge z be=e ,god t :at *iefly drew me to love ! life-"w ( ,bless$ ,francis 0 t x bore s close a resemblance to ! beg9n+ & gr[? ( ! ,*ur*4 ,z ! ,*ur* began ) simple fi%]m5 & aft]w>ds numb]$ r5[n$ & skill$ doctors1 s too did x happ5 9 ! ,ord] ( ! ,bless$ ,francis4 ,9 ?is way ,god makes x #g evid5t t ! ,in/itute 0 f\nd$ n by ! prud5ce ( m5 b by ,*ri/4 ,footnote #c3 ,epi/ola de tribus ,quae/ionibus1 ,tom4 ,,viii1 p4 #ccf4 ,no4 #ac4 ,) 8 m9d p5etrat$ ) t miracle ( 8 e>ly ye>s we c readily conceive h[ ! spiritual awak5+ />t$ by ! ,franciscan movem5t seiz$ on ,bonav5ture's ?\ghts4 ,8 "m's v[1 h>moniz+ ) 8 y\?ful desires1 w\ld clo! ^? impulses ) ! glam\r ( ! virtue ( religion4 ,x is c]ta9 t our ,sa9t ent]$ ! ,franciscan ,ord] z a y\?2 all ! anci5t *ronicl]s te/ify to ?is4 ,! precise ye> ( 8 reception1 h[ev]1 is a debatable "q4 ,to ! le>n$ editors ( our ,sa9t's works ,footnote #d x seems almo/ e/abli%$ t he ent]$ ! ,ord] 9 ! ye> #abch4 ,we "k au?oritatively t x 0 9 ! novitiate ( ! ,roman ,prov9ce ,/4 ,bonav5ture receiv$ ! habit1 b ! "n ( ! fri>y has n come d[n to u4 ,! ?ree ye>s foll[+ on 8 pr(ession 9 #abci 7 sp5t 9 ! /udy ( philosophy at "s quiet h\se ( ! ,roman ,prov9ce :i* tradition tells u 0 ,orvieto4 ,:]ev] ^! ?ree ye>s 7 pass$1 our ,sa9t's lectors c\ld n b notice 8 op5+ p[]s1 & plans 7 =m$ = develop+ ^? conspicu\s abilities :i* w\ld reflect1 !y 7 sure--& "t has ratifi$ _! conviction--su* glory on ! ,ord]4 ,accord+ly 9 #abdb ,bonav5ture proce$$ to ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is4 ,footnote #d3 ,op]a ,omnia 7,qu>ac*i1 #aijb71 ,tom4 ,x1 pp4 #db1 #dc1 #dd4 #h ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,sanctity ,,& ,,le>n+4 ,:5 ,/4 ,bonav5ture arriv$ at ,p>is he 0 tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age & _h sp5t ?ree ye>s 9 ! ,ord]4 ,9 ^? days ,p>is 0 ! great c5tre ( philosophical & !ological le>n+4 ,univ]sities devot$ to ! /udy ( ^? bran*es did n exi/ 9 ,italy until fully a c5tury lat]1 h5ce all :o 7 desir\s ( acquir+ pr(ici5cy 9 ^! sci5ces _h to j\rney to ,france4 ,! ,franciscans f\nd$ a mona/]y at ,p>is ab\t ! ye> #abaf4 ,footnote #e ,only ab\t tw5ty ye>s lat] 7 !y ?or\ghly e/abli%$ !re4 ,by ! munific5t b5efactions ( ,/4 ,l\is & 8 sa9tly "m1 ,blan*e ( ,ca/ille1 !y succe$$ 9 erect+ a l>ge *ur* & mona/]y4 ,! latt] 0 to be ! *ief h\se ( /udies n only = ,france b = all ! ,prov9ces ( ! ,ord]4 ,footnote #e3 ,wadd+1 ,tom4 ,i1 ,anno #abai4 ,no4 #dc4 ,a v detail$ acc\nt ( ?is conv5t1 & ( ! nature ( ! /udies1 & ! mann] 9 :i* !y 7 pursu$1 is giv5 by ,wadd+4 ,footnote #f ,!re 0 accommodation = #bdj ,fri>s1 includ+ pr(essors4 ,! s*ool compris$ f\r dep>tm5ts1 "o = ,gramm>1 ,rhetoric & ,logic respectively1 & "o = ,!ology & ,philosophy4 ,! /udy #i rooms & public lecture halls 7 ! l>ge/ & be/ appo9t$ 9 ! city4 ,!y 7 f\r 9 numb]1 ea* measur+ sev5ty-six feet by =ty-six4 ,unlike simil> /ructures ( t p]iod1 !y 7 built )\t pill>s & 7 light$ by elev5 l>ge w9d[s4 ,at ! end ( ! ,!ological hall /ood a l>ge ro/rum compos$ ( two /ages or comp>tm5ts1 f ! high] ( :i* ! ,lic5tiates & ,doctors lectur$1 :il/ ! l[] s]v$ = ! ,ba*elors :o "u ! guidance ( ! =m] 7 sometimes all[$ to lecture on ,physics & ,!ology4 ,ea* morn+ !re 7 two lectures on ,!ology1 & 9 ! ev5+ two on ,scripture4 ,an h\r 0 devot$ e day to ! discussion by /ud5ts & pr(essors ( ! matt] treat$ ( 9 class4 ,once a week ! public def5ce ( "s !sis 0 und]tak54 ,l ! o!r /ud5ts ( ! ,univ]sity ! ,fri>s1 :5 necess>y1 att5d$ lectures outside _! own conv5t4 ,!y und]w5t exam9ations & took _! degrees publicly4 ,z e>ly z ! ye> #abcd1 we f9d special ord9ations1 issu+ f ! ,m9i/]-,g5]al ( ! ,ord]1 det]m9+ ! numb] ( ,fri>s to be s5t to ,p>is f ea* ,prov9ce & regulat+ ! mann] 9 :i* !y 7 to be pres5t$ = degrees4 ,two ,fa!rs f ea* ,prov9ce 7 g5]ally *os5 e ye> = ! degree ( ,doctor4 ,hav+ successfully compli$ ) all ! te/s1 public & private1 impos$ by ! ,univ]sity1 !y 7 #aj =mally proclaim$ ,doctors 9 ! c\rt ( ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,p>is4 ,footnote #f3 ,tom4 ,,ii1 ,anno #abcd4 ,nos4 #ag-cf4 ,to ?is _w-fam\s c5tre ( !ological le>n+ ,bonav5ture came 9 #abdb1 & = ?ree ye>s foll[$ ! ord9>y ,univ]sity c\rse :i* 0 bas$ ma9ly on ,scriptural ,exegesis & on ! ,exposition ( ! ,book ( ,s5t5ces4 ,?is (t-ref]r$-to "w 0 a comp5dium ( ,dogmatic ,!ology writt5 ab\t ! ye> #aadj by ,pet] ,lomb>d4 ,x takes its "n f ! fact t its doctr9e is bas$ ^u ! ,s5t5ces1 i4e4 ! views or op9ions ( ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*4 ,divid$ into f\r books1 x treats respectively ( ,god & ! ,tr9ity2 ( ,creation & ! ,fall2 ( ! ,inc>nation2 & f9ally ( ! ,sacram5tal sy/em4 ,= ye>s x con/itut$ ! recogniz$ text-book among s*ola/ic !ologians ^: lab\rs & lectures ^u x are embodi$ 9 ! imm5se comm5t>ies bequea!d to u4 ,at ?is "t ! great ,franciscan doctor ,alex&] ( ,hales occupi$ ! *air ( ,!ology at ,p>is4 ,born 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire1 he d]iv$ 8 "n f ! mona/]y 9 t c\nty at :i* he 0 educat$4 ,be=e 8 entrance into ! ,ord] 7#abbb7 he _h /udi$ at ,p>is & 0 already "o ( ! mo/ r5[n$ pr(essors ( t ,univ]sity4 ,he 0 subsequ5tly /yl$ & is n[ kn[n z ,! ,irrefragable ,doctor1 & ,! ,mon>* ( ,!ologians3 ,!re is1 p]haps1 no great] bless+ = a ri* & gr[+ #aa m9d ?an to come e>ly & to rema9 long "u ! influ5ce ( ano!r m9d :i*1 :ile equally ri*1 is yet m highly educat$ & matur$ ) a wid] exp]i5ce ?an itself4 ,dur+ ! ?ree ye>s our ,sa9t 0 foll[+ ,alex&] ?r\gh 8 expositions ( ,scripture & ( ,! ,s5t5ces ( ,lomb>d--/udy+ 8 po9ts ( view1 8 workable mat]ials & 8 con/ructive me?ods--! magnific5ce ( 8 ma/]'s g5ius allur$ him z ) magnetic =ce2 & ,bonav5ture's emul\s ef=ts to be wor?y ( 8 ma/]'s c>e c\ld n b lead him to undreamt ( heights ( k4 ,we cat* a glimpse ( _! mutually cordial attitude f a few ( _! casual expressions4 ,:]eas ,/4 ,bonav5ture ref]s to ,alex&] z 8 ma/]1 & 8 fa!r & 9 8 *oice ( a decision is drawn almo/ unconsci\sly to t ,fa!r's op9ion1 ,alex&] anticipat$ 9 ! case ( 8 pupil ! v]dict ( ,sixtus ,,iv4 ,t "p ( ! ,bull ( canonization s]ves z s apt a comm5t>y on ,alex&]'s words t we quote x 9 full4 ,bonav5ture 0 great 9 le>n+1 b n less great 9 humility & hol9ess4 ,! innoc5ce & dove-l simplicity ( 8 life 7 su* t ! r5[n$ ,doctor ,alex&] ( ,hales us$ to say ( him1 ',x seem$ z ?\gh ,adam _h nev] s9n$ 9 him'4 ,9 #abde1 :5 tw5ty-f\r ye>s ( age1 ,bonav5ture receiv$ 8 degree ( ,ba*elor4 ,foll[+ #ab ?is came ! necess>y lett]s f ! ,m9i/]-,g5]al1 our ,sa9t !n fulfill+ ! (fice ( ,pr(essor to 8 own bre?r5 & at times tea*+ publicly 9 ! ,univ]sity "u ! guidance ( a fully-qualifi$ lector4 ,t same ye> ,alex&] di$1 & ! *air ?us vacat$ 0 fill$ by ,john ( ,la ,ro*elle4 ,?ree ye>s lat]1 h[ev]1 he resign$1 & !n at ! comm& ( ! ,m9i/]-,g5]al1 ,john ( ,p>ma1 & at ! e>ne/ entreaty ( ! au?orities ( ! ,univ]sity1 ,bonav5ture succe$$ to ! po/4 ,?is took place 9 #abdh4 ,bonav5ture 0 n[ a ,lic5tiate1 i4e4 he 0 lic5s$ or all[$ to lecture publicly 9 view ( 8 qualifications be+ recogniz$4 ,x 0 no d\bt a trial to 8 humility to foll[ s em95t a light z ! ,mon>* ( ,!ologians1 b =tunately p]sonal di/ru/ yield$ to ob$i5ce4 ,"o ( ! anci5t *ronicl]s1 ref]r+ to ?is ev5t1 %[s u ,bonav5ture z 8 contempor>ies saw him4 ,?is ,bro!r ,bonav5ture1 writes ,bless$ ,francis ( ,fabriano1 0 a mo/ eloqu5t man1 wond]ful 9 8 und]/&+ ( ! ,sacr$ ,page & ( ! :ole ( ,!ology4 ,he 0 also an excell5t lectur]1 a v f9e prea*] & 9 8 pres5ce e tongue 0 hu%$4 ,bonav5ture occupi$ ?is po/ f #abde to #abeg1 & dur+ t "t acquir$ ^? /ores ( k :i* he at fir/ communicat$ to 8 pupils 9 ! =m ( lectures1 & !n1 ) aft]-?\ghts1 corrections & additions bequea!d to #ac ! _w 9 ! f\r folio volumes kn[n z ,! ,comm5t>y on ! ,s5t5ces ( ! ,lomb>d4 ,8 love ( ,god gr[+ 9 proportion1 ,bonav5ture ultimately rea*$ ^? sublime heights ( contemplation :i* e>n$ = him ! title ( ,s]aphic ,doctor4 ,to ! ,sa9t 8 y\?ful age seem$ unequal to ! fulfilm5t ( su* a task4 ,8 sup]iors1 h[ev]1 9 lay+ on him ! burd5 ( ob$i5ce1 felt assur$ t he w\ld m ?an ju/ify ! wisdom ( _! appo9tm5t4 ,& inde$ s exceptional 7 ! natural & sup]natural gifts ( ?is ,s]aphic ,doctor t ,sixtus ,,iv4 c\ld say ( him 9 8 ,bull ( ,canonization3 ,su* ?+s he utt]$ on sacr$ sci5ce t ! ,holy ,gho/ w\ld seem to h spok5 ?r\gh 8 m\?4 ,& aga91 ,enlight5$ by ,him ,:o is ! ,light1 ! ,way1 ! ,tru? & ! ,life1 9 ! space ( a few ye>s he atta9$ to incr$ible k4 ,! timidity ) :i* 8 humility und]took ! "w contra/s /rangely ) ! univ]sal appreciation x has receiv$ at ! h&s ( o!rs4 ,?us at ! end ( ! ?ird volume1 he writes3 ,i r5d] ?anks to our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 t tak+ pity on ! pov]ty ( my k & ability1 ,he has enabl$ me to come to ! end ( ?is "w4 ,i besee* ,him to aid me to g =w>d 9 my "w unto ! m]it ( ob$i5ce & ! welf>e ( my bre?r5--= :i* two motives alone ?is task 0 und]tak54 ,& aga9 9 ! #ad ,introduction to ! second volume1 ,by ! help ( ,god's grace ,i h end$ ! ,comm5t>y on ! fir/ book1 & at ! in/ance ( ! ,bre?r5 mu/ ne$s beg9 ! second4 4 4 4 ,i d n int5d to prop\nd new op9ions b to reproduce ^? t are g5]ally admitt$4 ,nor %\ld anyone ?9k t ,i wi% to be ! au?or ( a new book2 ,i am s9c]ely consci\s & ackn[l$ge t ,i am b a poor & faulty compil]4 ,?is is ! language ( pr(\nd humility :i* is all ! m /rik+ 9 view ( po/]ity's v]dict on our ,sa9t1 & 8 writ+s4 ,salimb5e1 ,footnote #g a contempor>y *ronicl]1 writes z foll[s ( ,bonav5ture3 ,he !n lectur$ on ! :ole ,gospel ( ,/4 ,luke--a beautiful & excell5t treatise3 & he wrote f\r books on ! ,s5t5ces :i* ev5 to ?is day rema9 useful & e/eem$4 ,x 0 !n ! ye> #abdh b n[ ! ye> #abhd4 ,g]son1 ! le>n$ *ancellor ( ,p>is ,univ]sity1 is m un/9t+ 9 8 praise4 ,7 ,i to be ask$1 he writes1 :o is ! mo/ em95t among/ all ! doctors1 ,i %\ld answ]1 )\t prejudice1 ',bonav5ture'4 ,i "k n t ,p>is ev] possess$ ano!r su* ,doctor4 ,& aga91 ,9 ,!ology !re is no?+ m sublime1 m div9e1 m salut>y1 nor m sweet ?an ,bonav5ture's writ+s4 ,! foll[+ /rik+ te/imony ( ,pope ,sixtus ,v 9 ! ,bull ,triumphantis ,j]usalem--conf]r+ on ,/4 ,bonav5ture ! title #ae ( ,doctor--adumbrates 8 two sali5t *>act]i/ics z embodi$ 9 8 title ,! ,s]aphic ,doctor4 ,9 8 writ+s1 ! ,pope's words run1 ,bonav5ture unit$ to ! deepe/ erudition an equal am\nt ( ! mo/ ard5t piety1 s t :il/ enlight5+ 8 read]s1 he also mov$ _! he>ts1 p5etrat+ to ! inmo/ recesses ( _! s\ls4 ,footnote #g3 ,*ronica1 p4 #abi4 ,numb]less o!r pro(s might be adduc$ ( ! high e/eem 9 :i* ,bonav5ture's works h always be5 held1 b ^! w suffice4 ,z an in/ance1 h[ev]1 ( ! widespread popul>ity !y enjoy$ x is curi\s to note t among/ ! depr$ations ( 8 book-borr[+ fri5ds :i* ,*>les ,lamb1 ! g5ial au?or ( ! ,essays ( ,elia1 deplores1 ,footnote #h is ! ab/raction ( 8 ,op]a ,bonav5turae4 ,t f\l gap 9 ! bottom ( ! %elf fac+ y1 l a great eye-too? knock$ out1 ) ! huge ,switz]-l tomes on ea* side 7l ! ,guildhall giants 9 _! re=m$ po/ure1 gu>dant ( no?+7 once held ! talle/ ( my folios1 ',op]a ,bonav5turae1' *oice & massy div9ity1 to :i* its two support]s 7s*ool div9ity also1 b ( a less] calibre--,bell>m9e & ,holy ,?omas71 %[$ b z dw>fs--itself an ,ascap>t6 ,footnote #h3 ,! ,two ,races ( ,m54 ,! fundam5tal *>act]i/ic und]ly+ ! f]v\r & ! love ( ! ,s]aphic ,doctor's writ+s1 is 8 ev]-consci\s realization ( ,god's #af pres5ce4 ,?is ) ,bonav5ture 0 n a feature ( pass+ or v>iable devotion2 x re/$ ^u ! basis ( philosophical conviction1 & ( vivid *ildlike fai?4 ,to ,bonav5ture1 9 8 sy/em ( ?\ght z 9 8 spiritual ideals1 ,god is con/antly & emphatically ! ,alpha & ,omega1 ! ,beg9n+ & ! ,end1 ! ,s\rce & ,c5tre1 by ,:om & 9 ,:om & f ,:om all ?+s are4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole ( 8 writ+s ,god is ev] ! c5tral idea r\nd :i* all conv]ges4 ,z 9 8 writ+s s 9 8 life4 ,9 ?is cont9ual & abid+ pres5ce ( ,god--! v _s z x is also ! ideal ( mona/ic solitude--8 s\l1 8 entire be+1 grew & blossom$1 turn+ ev] to ! light & w>m? ( ! ,div9e ,beauty z ! sunfl[] to ! sun4 ,n only 0 ?is ! s\rce ( 8 light & unction1 x 0 also ! guid+ pr9ciple ( 8 spiritual & m5tal life4 ,h5ce sprang t mod]ation ( tone--! calm balanc+ ( evid5ce z 9 ! pres5ce ( an imp>tial ,judge4 ,h5ce t humility--8 simultane\s k ( ,god & himself--to :i* all arrogance & pret5sion are s ali54 ,h5ce1 too1 t directness ( aim--fa/5+ on ! ess5ce ( facts1 r ?an on _! accid5tal surr\nd+s--:i* ensur$ at once a love ( tru? = tru?'s sake1 & limpid1 simple utt]ance z its wor?ie/ *annel4 ,9 ,god's sight all m5 are bro!rs1 s x became our ,sa9t to communicate 8 lights 9 ! _s ( def]5ce #ag & self-effacem5t4 ,h5ce1 f9ally1 came t unfl9*+ loyalty to ,8 ,"l's revelations :i* implies av]sion to curi\s se>*+s1 s+ul> views1 & novel innovations--:i*1 :5 n ! result1 are (t5 ! occasion ( h]etical betrayal ( ! tru/ committ$ to our c>e4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,m5dicant ,,ord]s ,,assail$4 ,f #abdh to #abee ,bonav5ture taught publicly at ,p>is ) great di/9ction4 ,ab\t ?is "t1 h[ev]1 ow+ to a viol5t outbur/ ( opposition to ! ,m5dicant ,fri>s on ! "p ( ! secul> pr(essors ( ! ,univ]sity1 he 0 compell$ to susp5d 8 lectures4 ,?is occurr5ce af=ds u a valuable insight into ! condition ( ! ,fri>s at t epo*4 ,x %[s u h[ !y 7 reg>d$ by _! fri5ds & by _! enemies1 & x enables u to =m a bett] e/imate ( _! m]its4 ,_! lives & actions 7 op5ly & unsp>+ly impea*$4 ,!y 7 put on _! trial be=e ! entire ,*ur*1 & _! v exi/5ce dep5d$ on ! issue4 ,e weak spot 9 _! con/itution 0 laid b>e--_! faults & fail+s 7 proclaim$ ) emphasis3 ,_! adv]s>ies 7 m5 ( repute & le>n+--doctors & pr(essors ( ! mo/ r5[n$ ,!ological ,s*ool ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,?or\ghly v]s$ 9 all ! #ah wiles ( controv]sy1 & app>5tly animat$ by religi\s zeal1 !y 7 unscrupul\s 9 _! me?ods1 & frequ5tly _h rec\rse to sl&] & falsehood4 ,! conflict 0 ?or\gh & decisive4 ,issu+ triumphant f su* an ordeal ! ,m5dicant ,ord]s prov$ once & = all t _! position 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ is impregnable4 ,s important an incid5t ought n to be lightly dismiss$4 ,v>i\s causes t5d$ to create a _s ( opposition to ! ,fri>s4 ,jeal\sy at _! success1 & a _s ( worldl9ess to :i* _! lives 0 a con/ant reproa*1 appe> to be ! *ief4 ,! ,fri>s succe$$ 9 attract+ univ]sal admiration4 ,_! pr(essors 7 ! mo/ brilliant 9 ! ,univ]sity2 _! lecture halls ! be/ appo9t$2 _! audi5ce ! mo/ en?usia/ic4 ,!y enjoy$ ! fav\r ( ! ,pope & ( ! ,k+1 bo? ( :om conf]r$ _m privileges on !m4 ,!y possess$ nei!r money nor l&s1 yet !y /ood 9 ne$ ( no?+4 ,!y _h r5\nc$ ! pomp & glory ( ! _w1 b ! _w ran eag]ly aft] !m4 ,_! prea*+ attract$ imm5se cr[ds & _! confessionals 7 ?rong$4 ,!y 7 ! lea/ by pr(ession b ! greate/ by repute4 ,to "s ext5t !y supplant$ ! secul> cl]gy4 ,! bi%ops & ! ,fai?ful f\nd !mselves less dep5d5t ^u ! latt]1 = ! ,fri>s =m$ will+ & effici5t sub/itutes = !m 9 almo/ e capacity4 ,! _s ( #ai ! secul> cl]gy ( ,p>is at t p]iod 0 n su* z to enable !m to view ?is new developm5t )\t ho/ility4 ,an indev\t & worldly _s reign$ among/ !m1 & !y 7 pr(\ndly indiff]5t to ! highe/ maxims ( ! ,gospel4 ,?is we le>n f ! /ra9 9 :i* ,pope ,alex&] ,footnote #i writes to ! ,bi%op ( ,p>is 9 ! ye> #abef3 ,conc]n+ c]ta9 ma/]s & s*ol>s ( ,p>is x is notori\s t !y glory n 9 be+ consid]$ ! *ildr5 ( peace b r 9 be+ ! au?ors ( sc&al2 !y glory n 9 be+ call$ ! sons ( ,god1 b ( ,satan4 ,s great is _! disord] t !y h9d] piety n only 9 !mselves b also 9 o!rs1 & imp$e ! salvation ( s\ls :i* we s greatly desire4 ,footnote #i3 ,cf4 ,wadd+1 ,tom4 ,,iv1 ,anno #abef4 ,no4 #bc4 ,! sm\ld]+ elem5ts ( discord 7 fann$ into flame 9 ! ye> #abed1 & ! secul> & regul> pr(essors came to an op5 rupture4 ,! matt] arose ?us4 ,a noisy brawl occurr$ among/ ! /ud5ts4 ,! civil gu>d int]v5$2 a riot ensu$1 & "o /ud5t 0 kill$ & sev]al 7 w\nd$4 ,su* enc\nt]s 7 n infrequ5t1 & !y result$ 9 creat+ a bad _s betwe5 ! magi/rates & ! au?orities ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,! latt] s\ght to exempt ! /ud5ts f civil jurisdiction1 :il/ ! =m]1 9 ! int]e/s ( public ord]1 insi/$ on subject+ !m to x4 ,! occurr5ce j record$ br\ght matt]s to a #bj climax4 ,! ,univ]sity dem&$ ! puni%m5t ( ! civil gu>d1 ! magi/rates refus$ compliance4 ,!reupon ! entire /aff ( secul> pr(essors susp5d$ _! lectures & )drew f ! city4 ,! ,regul>s kept _! halls op5 & cont9u$ to tea*4 ,?is gave great (f5ce to ! secul> pr(essors1 & :5 ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m & ! municipal au?orities 0 ev5tually settl$1 & !y _h once m resum$ _! duties1 !y did n =get x4 ,det]m9$ to prev5t its recurr5ce1 !y fram$ a /atute b9d+ ! ,regul>s to act 9 accordance ) ! majority ( ! pr(essors4 ,to ?is !y refus$ to submit1 & 9 consequ5ce !y 7 =c$ to ab&on _! ,*airs4 ,!y appeal$ to ! ,pope :o ev5tually re9/at$ !m & revok$ ! obnoxi\s /atute4 ,meantime ! agitation aga9/ !m 0 vigor\sly c>ri$ on4 ,its lead+ _s 0 ,william ( ,/4 ,am\r1 a doctor & pr(essor ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,prom95tly associat$ ) him 7 ,odo ( ,d\ay1 ,*ri/ian1 ,canon ( ,beauvais1 ,john ,bel9 & ,john ( ,gectville1 an ,engli%man & ,rector ( ! ,univ]sity--all m5 ( consequ5ce & possess+ consid]able influ5ce4 ,william ( ,/4 ,am\r 0 a type ( ! worldly-wise ,*ri/ian1 & he repres5t$ a l>ge & p[]ful elem5t at ,p>is4 ,he 0 a man ( und\bt$ ability & le>n+1 b want+ 9 mod]ation & s\ndness ( judgm5t4 ,possibly he may h meant well1 #ba b bl9d$ by prejudice he did n see ! inju/ice ( 8 conduct1 nor ! fals5ess ( 8 views4 ,he aim$ at expell+ ! ,regul>s f ! ,univ]sity & ev5tually obta9+ _! suppression4 ,he wrote & prea*$1 aga9/ !m4 ,8 book on ! ,p]ils ( ! ,la/ ,times1 8 s]mon on ! ,publican & ! ,ph>isee1 8 pamphlet on ! ,robu/ ,begg>1 7 viol5t onslaughts ^u !m4 ,!y 7 bas$ on false pr9ciples & teem$ ) sl&] & invective4 ,william endeav\r$ to %[ t ! m5dicant =m ( life 0 un*ri/ian & p]nici\s1 & t ^? :o pr(ess$ x 7 outside ! pale ( salvation4 ,m5dicancy1 prea*+1 he>+ confessions1 & tea*+ publicly 7 ! capital s9s t consign$ ! ,fri>s to reprobation4 ,he speaks ?us ( m5dicancy3 ,!re is a great dang] att5dant ^u begg+4 ,^? :o live by x become flatt]]s1 li>s1 detractors1 ?ieves & unju/4 ,to leave all ?+s = ,*ri/ & to foll[ ,*ri/ begg+ is n an act ( p]fection4 ,regul>s may n beg ev5 ?\gh ! ,*ur* p]mits x4 ,:oev] begs :il/ 9 good heal? s9s griev\sly4 ,h5ce1 :oev] places himself 9 ! necessity ( do+ s is n )9 ! pale ( salvation4 ,to prea* & he> confessions 0 also on ! "p ( ! ,fri>s wrong & unju/ifiable3 ,all ?\gh au?oriz$ by ! ,pope or ! bi%op !y may n prea* unless invit$ by ! p>i% prie/4 #bb ,!y may n live by ! ,gospel4 ,^? :o prea* to ! ,fai?ful :o h _! own pa/ors1 viz4 bi%ops & prie/s1 are n true b false ,apo/les4 ,x is greatly to be fe>$ t su* z ^! w griev\sly injure ! ,*ur* unless !y are expell$ f x4 ,confession to ,m5dicants1 approv$ ( by ! ,pope1 does n satisfy ! ,ea/] ,precept4 ,to become pr(essors & tea* publicly 0 ano!r griev\s transgression3 ,! (fice ( ma/] is an hon\r1 & ,religi\s %\ld n aspire to hon\rs4 ,see+ t !y belong to a /ate ( p]fection1 !y %\ld obs]ve ! ,gospel ,c\nsels1 "o ( :i* is3 ',wi% n to be call$ ma/]'4 ,aspir+ to ! dignity ( ma/] !y transgress ?is c\nsel & !reby s9 publicly1 sc&alize ! ,fai?ful & des]ve to be %unn$4 ,su* 7 ! op9ions proclaim$ by ,william1 & ! effect !y produc$ 0 deplorable4 ,a species ( univ]sal boycott 0 in/itut$ aga9/ ! ,m5dicants4 ,/ud5ts 7 dissuad$ f att5d+ _! lectures2 !y 7 exclud$ f ! ,univ]sity1 & ! p 7 exhort$ to refuse !m alms4 ,matt]s rea*$ su* a crisis t ! ,dom9icans 7 way-laid & beat5 9 ! /reets s t !y 7 afraid to leave _! conv5t4 ,! opposition to ! latt] seems to h be5 mu* ke5] ?an to ! ,franciscans1 & x w\ld appe> t !y 7 =c$ to quit ! ,univ]sity e>li]4 ,x is c]ta9 t #bc ,/4 ,bonav5ture lectur$ publicly on ! "q 9 dispute4 ,8 treatise on ,evangelical ,p]fection is a reply to ! utt]ances ( ,william ( ,/4 ,am\r4 ,x is record$ t ! latt]1 he>+ ( ! ,sa9t's action1 s5t "o ( 8 adh]5ts to report ! sub/ance ( 8 lectures--to :i* he wrote a rejo9d]4 ,z we int5d to treat 9 detail ( ,bonav5ture's apology = ! ,franciscan ,ord]1 we %all make no fur!r ref]5ce to x "h4 ,le/1 h[ev]1 a false impression conc]n+ ! m]its ( ?is controv]sy %\ld rema9 on ! m9ds ( my read]s1 ,i consid] x exp$i5t to po9t out1 9 ! next *apt]1 h[ x 0 reg>d$ by ! ,holy ,see4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,m5dicants ,,v9dicat$4 ,! commotion caus$ by ,william ( ,/4 ,am\r's book ext5d$ to ! ,c\rt1 & ! pi\s ,k+ ,l\is1 desir\s ( remov+ ! sc&al1 =mally ref]r$ ! matt] to ! ,holy ,see4 ,two doctors ( ! ,p>is ,univ]sity 7 appo9t$ to take ! book to ! ,papal ,c\rt & pres5t x = exam9ation to ! ,pope4 ,?is project hav+ become public1 ,william & 8 *ief adh]5ts det]m9$ to def5d _! views & set out = ,anagni4 ,! ,pope receiv$ ! ,k+'s envoys & reg>d$ ! matt] z ( v grave importance4 ,he appo9t$ a ,commission ( ,c>d9als c>efully to exam9e ! #bd book & to judge betwe5 ! ,m5dicants & _! oppon5ts4 ,a public discussion 0 in/itut$ at :i* 7 pres5t repres5tatives ( bo? p>ties4 ,on ! side ( ! ,m5dicants 7 ! ,m9i/]s ,g5]al ( ! ,dom9ican & ,franciscan ,ord]s--,humb]t ( ,rome & ,john ( ,p>ma--,alb]t ! ,great1 ,/4 ,?omas ( ,aqu91 ,o4,p41 ,b]tr& ( ,bajona1 ,o4,f4,m41 &1 accord+ to "s au?ors1 ,/4 ,bonav5ture4 ,we _c say ) c]ta9ty :o ! def5d]s ( ,/4 ,am\r's book 74 ,x is d\btful if he himself _h arriv$ at ,anagni be=e ! "w 0 condemn$4 ,alb]t ! ,great & ,/4 ,?omas p[]fully v9dicat$ ! cause ( ! ,m5dicants4 ,! treatise compos$ by ! latt]1 ,contra impugnantes ,dei cultum1 is a ma/]ly def5ce ( ! pr9ciples attack$ by ,/4 ,am\r4 ,/4 ,bonav5ture's "w on ,evangelical ,p]fection is no less solid & conv9c+4 ,x 0 writt5 9 connection ) ?is dispute & 0 v probably submitt$ to ! ,commission4 ,?is may acc\nt = ! ass]tion put =w>d by "s writ]s t ,bonav5ture 0 pres5t at ,anagni & took "p 9 ! discussion--an ass]tion :i* m accurate inve/igation has almo/ entirely discr$it$4 ,on ! arrival ( ,william & 8 foll[]s a /r5u\s ef=t 0 made to av]t ! imp5d+ condemnation1 & ev5 to effect its revocation1 b to no purpose4 ,aft] an exam9ation ext5d+ ov] sev]al #be weeks ! ,c>d9als gave _! decision4 ,x 0 an unconditional condemnation ( ,am\r's book1 :i* 0 ord]$ to be publicly burn$ bo? at ! ,papal ,c\rt & at ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is4 ,! s5t5ce 0 proclaim$ by ! ,pope 9 ! ,bull ,romanus ,pontifex issu$ on #e ,octob]1 #abef4 ,ref]r+ to ,william & 8 support]s ! ,pontiff says3--,footnote #aj ,footnote #aj3 ,cf4 ,wadd+1 ,tom4 ,,iv1 ,anno #abef4 ,no4 #ca4 ,!y heap$ calumny on ! ,bre?r5 & plac$ a /umbl+-block 9 ! way ( ! *os5 *ildr5 ( ! ,*ur*4 ,nay1 m1 9 ! excess ( _! bitt]ness !y bur/ =? into malici\s invectives1 & compos$ a c]ta9 book :i* is mo/ p]nici\s & dete/able--a book n only n accord+ to reason b utt]ly oppos$ to x2 n true b false2 n edify+ b sc&al\s2 n enlight5+ b mislead+4 ,?is book hav+ be5 br\ght to ,our k1 ,we entru/$ x = exam9ation to c]ta9 ,c>d9als t !y might discov] & dilig5tly consid] all t x conta9$4 ,:i* hav+ c>efully & ) due delib]ation p]=m$1 !y report to ,u t ! said book conta9s _m ?+s false & p]nici\s conc]n+ ! ,pope & ! bi%ops1 also conc]n+ ^? :o1 ov]com+ ! _w & its works1 live by alms 9 /rict pov]ty4 ,x also assails ^? :o1 burn+ ) zeal = s\ls & devot$ to sacr$ sci5ce1 greatly fur!r ! spiritual welf>e ( ,god's ,*ur*4 ,x condemns ! /ate ( life ( #bf poor ,religi\s1 su* z ! ,fri>s ,prea*]s & ,fri>s ,m9or1 :o by ! p[] ( ! ,_s1 hav+ ab&on$ e>?ly ?+s1 aspire ) all _! =ce to ! heav5ly rew>d4 ,! book is a v]itable hot-b$ ( sc&al & disord]1 & greatly injures s\ls by )draw+ !m f devotion1 ! giv+ ( alms1 & entrance into holy ,religion4 ,?is same book :i* be>s ! title ',p]ils ( ! ,la/ ,times1' ) ! advice ( ,our ,bre?r5 & by ,our ,apo/olic au?ority ,we reject & condemn = ev] z wick$1 iniquit\s & execrable1 & conta9+ bad1 false & nef>i\s s5tim5ts4 ,we /rictly comm& all its possessors to burn x & procure its de/ruction )9 eight days f ! issue ( ?is ,our condemnation4 ,aga9/ ^? :o despise ,our comm& ,we pron\nce s5t5ce ( excommunication4 ,?is condemnation does n appe> to h produc$ ! desir$ effect4 ,! agitation aga9/ ! ,fri>s /ill cont9u$4 ,x 0 f\nd necess>y to c\nt]act ! p]nici\s influ5ce ( ,am\r's tea*+ by "s m direct & =cible me?od1 & to ?is end ! ,pope address$ ,footnote #aa ! foll[+ lett] #ai ,octob]1 #abef1 to ,k+ ,l\is & ! ,fr5* bi%ops3-- ,footnote #aa3 ,ibid4 ,no4 #cc4 ,n )\t mu* bitt]ness ( he>t & tr\ble ( m9d1 ,we h le>nt t c]ta9 ,ma/]s & ,doctors & o!rs1 '%>p5+ _! tongues l swords1' & 'be>+ ! poison ( #bg asps 9 _! lips1' = ! defamation1 vexation & de/ruction ( ! innoc5t1 h wick$ly p\r$ x out 9 sl&] & injuries on our belov$ sons1 ! ,bro!rs ( ! ,ord] ( ,prea*]s & ,fri>s ,m9or4 ,by lectur+ & prea*+ & o!rwise1 !y h d>$ to say t !y 7 n 9 ! way ( salvation2 t _! ,m5dicancy 0 nei!r salut>y or m]itori\s1 s9ce heal? p]mitt+1 & o!r reasonable h9drances ceas+1 !y %\ld "w ) _! h&s & n dep5d = necess>y help ^u o!rs4 ,fur!rmore1 !y h ass]t$ t !y may n prea* nor he> confessions1 ev5 :5 au?oriz$ by ! ,pope or ! bi%op1 le/ !y encroa* ^u ! rights ( ! p>i% prie/s1 & _m o!r ?+s false & repreh5sible h !y utt]$ aga9/ !m4 ,n[ ^! same ,ord]s = "s "t back h be5 approv$ by ! ,holy ,see z holy1 r5[n$ & illu/ri\s4 ,& "s ( ! ,bro!rs !re(1 hav+ rea*$ _! heav5ly c\ntry1 are inscrib$ 9 ! catalogue ( ! ,sa9ts & %9e l suns 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 :il/ by _! ,bre?r5 ! light ( holy doctr9e is %$ ov] ! :ole _w1 ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/ is e>ne/ly & efficaci\sly prea*$1 & "r & s\nd c\nsel & salut>y example prevail4 ,fur!rmore1 z ! a=esaid ,bro!rs are assidu\sly & cont9ually engag$ 9 ! /udy ( ! ,holy ,scriptures & ! ,^w ( ,god1 9 say+ ! ,div9e ,(fice & 9 pray]1 !y are by no means indulg+ 9 idl5ess1 b ex]cis+ #bh !mselves 9 ! be/ & highe/ pursuit1 = wisdom is ! noble/ atta9m5t2 nor d !y d m :o devote !mselves to ext]nal lab\rs1 ?an ^? :o are engag$ 9 ! /udy ( div9e ?+s4 ,h5ce1 ! ,"l1 :il/ ,m>?a 0 busy work+ & m9i/]+1 comm5d$ pr9cipally ! docility & dev\t att5tion ( ,m>y to ,8 ^w4 ,f ?is x appe>s cle>ly t ! ,bro!rs are n b\nd to "w ) _! h&s4 ,nay m1 7 !y to neglect spiritual ?+s = manual lab\r !y w\ld be ab&on+1 n )\t detrim5t to _! s\ls1 ! great] = ! less]1 ! necess>y = ! unnecess>y4 ,moreov]1 ^! ,bro!rs1 hav+ left all ?+s = ,god1 :5 !y beg ! b>e necess>ies ( life1 imitate ! poor ,*ri/ & practise ,evangelical ,p]fection4 ,h5ce1 x cle>ly foll[s t !y are 9 ! way ( salvation1 & by ! obs]vance ( _! ,rule m]it et]nal life4 ,fur!rmore1 by commission or comm& ( ! ,roman ,pontiff or ! ,bi%op ( ! ,dioceses !y may lawfully prea* & he> confessions4 ,!re=e1 ,we /rictly comm& all ! ,doctors or ,ma/]s :o h d>$ to d5y ^! ?+s1 publicly to retract & r5\nce ! same & hold & proclaim ! contr>y4 ,%\ld !y refuse to d ?is !y mu/ be proce$$ aga9/ by susp5sion1 excommunication1 & ! p]petual deprivation ( _! b5efices4 ,lay p transgress+ 9 ?is matt] are to be s]i\sly reprim&$4 #bi ,"s ( ! prom95t adh]5ts ( ,william ( ,/4 ,am\r accept$ ! ,papal condemnation 9 a submissive _s & publicly retract$ _! false op9ions1 & promis$ on oa? nev] m to ma9ta9 !m4 ,among/ ^! 7 ,*ri/ian ( ,beauvais & ,odo ( ,d\ay4 ,william himself 0 n s tractable4 ,he _h rec\rse to evasions & explanations1 & endeav\r$ to %[ t 8 views 7 n really condemn$4 ,he cont9u$ to fo/] a _s ( ho/ility to ! ,m5dicants among/ 8 p>tisans at ,p>is1 & ev5tually he drew ^u himself ! s5t5ce ( p]petual bani%m5t f ,france4 ,"u pa9 ( excommunication & =feiture ( all 8 b5efices he 0 =bidd5 ev] to return1 & "u l p5alties he 0 prohibit$ to prea* or tea*4 ,8 fri5ds at ,p>is did all 9 _! p[] to procure 8 recall1 b !y 7 /r5u\sly oppos$ by ! ,m5dicants4 ,?us1 ! ill-feel+ betwe5 ! two p>ties 0 ma9ta9$1 & x 0 only by ! r5ew$ int]v5tion ( ! ,pope & ! employm5t by him ( /r+5t measures aga9/ ! secul> pr(essors t ord] 0 e/abli%$ & ! ,m5dicants treat$ ) ju/ice & tol]ance4 ,aft] t5 ye>s' exile ,pope ,clem5t p]mitt$ ,william to return to ,p>is4 ,he _h n ab&on$ 8 old op9ions1 & x ne$$ a sev]e reprim& on ! "p ( ! ,pope accompani$ by a ?reat ( fur!r bani%m5t to re/ra9 him f aga9 assail+ ! ,m5dicants4 ,aft] 8 dea?1 "s #cj ye>s lat]1 ! agitation aga9/ ! ,fri>s gradually di$ out1 & !y rega9$ ! e/eem & confid5ce 9 :i* !y _h =m]ly be5 held4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,m9i/]-,,g5]al4 ,bonav5ture 0 elect$ ,m9i/]-,g5]al ( ! ,franciscan ,ord] 9 ! ye> #abeg4 ,at t "t ! ,ord] 0 pass+ ?r\gh a s]i\s crisis 9 its hi/ory4 ,int]nal difficulties _h aris5 conc]n+ ! obs]vance ( c]ta9 po9ts ( ! ,rule4 ,"s ( ! ,bre?r5 advocat$ ! rigor\s & lit]al acceptation ( all its prescriptions3 o!rs cont5d$ = a m mild & lib]al int]pretation4 ,among/ ! advocates ( bo? views 7 extremi/s :o s\ght to introduce excessive rig\r or undue laxity3 ! ma9 body on ei!r side 7 m5 ( mod]ation4 ,^! ev5tually prevail$ & pres]v$ to ! _w ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,francis 9 ! only feasible way 9 :i* x c\ld cont9ue to exi/4 ,^? :o aim$ at too great laxity1 :i* w\ld deprive ! ,ord] ( its di/9ctive features1 & ^? :o w\ld acc5tuate ^? features until !y became impracticable or grotesque1 7 gradually elim9at$4 ,! process by :i* ?is 0 effect$ 0 sl[ #ca & fraught ) ! grave/ dang] to ! ,ord]4 ,x c\ld be accompli%$ successfully only "u ! prud5t guidance ( a wise ,sup]ior4 ,bonav5ture 0 em95tly su* a man4 ,8 pr$ecessor1 ,john ( ,p>ma1 c\ld n cope ) ! difficulties ( ! situation4 ,he 0 possess$ ( great ability1 & 8 h]oic sanctity has rais$ him to our alt>s1 b he seems to h lack$ t enlight5$ judgm5t & lib]al sympa?y :i* smoo?s away opposition & br+s conflict+ views into h>mony4 ,:]e ! motive ( subjection is ! love ( ,god & ! desire ( p]fection1 ! ex]cise ( au?ority mu/ be temp]$ ) inf9ite tact & k9dness4 ,! inflexible rig\r ( ! /]n ,sup]ior is s :olly oppos$ to ! _s ( ,*ri/1 to :om ! ,religi\s ev] looks1 t in/ead ( secur+ ob$i5ce x excites res5tm5t1 & if x does n culm9ate 9 apo/asy begets an abid+ _s ( bitt]ness & discont5t4 ,) "o section ( ! ,ord] ! latt] appe>s to h be5 ! effect ( ,john ( ,p>ma's rule4 ,"s writ]s ,footnote #ab affirm t he 0 releas$ f 8 (fice at ! express wi% ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff4 ,footnote #ab3 ,cf4 ,wadd+1 ,tom4 ,,iv1 ,anno #abef4 ,nos4 #b & #c4 ,9 view ( 8 failure1 ,bonav5ture's success is all ! m conspicu\s4 ,9 ord] to appreciate ?is success at its prop] value we mu/ consid] briefly ! difficulties t tr\bl$ ! peace ( ! ,ord]4 ,:at precisely !y 7 x is some:at #cb difficult to det]m9e4 ,!y mu/ be trac$ back to ! influ5ce ( ,bro!r ,elias4 ,= a p]iod1 ev5 dur+ ! lifetime ( ,/4 ,francis1 ?is man seems to h ex]t$ an influ5ce 9 ! ,ord] second only to t ( ! ,sa9t himself4 ,he 0 truly a rem>kable man & ! /ory ( 8 life is /range & sad4 ,an intimate fri5d & devot$ disciple ( ,/4 ,francis1 he _h be5 deem$ wor?y by ! latt] to rule ! ,ord] dur+ 8 abs5ce 9 ,pale/9e4 ,?\gh full ( admiration = ! ,s]aphic ,fa!r & pr(ess+ int5se rev]5ce = 8 sa9tly life & ,*ri/-l _s1 he appe>s nev] to h q accept$ 8 views conc]n+ ! absolute pov]ty & rigor\s mode ( life he wi%$ to impose ^u 8 foll[]s4 ,he seems to h consid]$ t su* au/]ity w\ld r5d] impossible its uni=m & cont9u$ obs]vance by any consid]able body ( m54 ,:il/ a few *os5 s\ls su* z ,francis himself c\ld live up to x1 ! het]og5e\s multitude :o 7 flock+ to ! ,ord] c\ld n prud5tly be expect$ to d s4 ,h5ce he advocat$ c]ta9 mitigations 9 ! matt] ( pov]ty4 ,:at ^! 7 we _c def9itely affirm4 ,8 views & actions are pres5t$ to u f a ?or\ghly ho/ile /&po9t4 ,8 biograph]s1 g5]ally speak+1 7 8 av[$ oppon5ts1 & al?\gh !y 7 m5 ( rem>kable virtue & integrity ( life1 we c h>dly believe t !y 7 free f ! #cc influ5ce ( bias & p>ty _s4 ,9 _! eyes ,elias 0 a wreck]--! enemy ( _! ,ord] & ! de/roy] ( its high ideals4 ,h5ce _! acc\nts ( him mu/ be cauti\sly receiv$ & all[ance made = ! exagg]ations ( pi\s zeal4 ,we are told t ,elias s\ght to introduce ! use ( money2 t 9 visit+ ! ,ord] he rode on horseback2 t he wore a some:at elegant habit2 t !re 0 a g5]al t5d5cy to relaxation disc]nible 9 8 life4 ,no d\bt he 0 guilty ( ^! ?+s1 b 9 view ( subsequ5t developm5ts x is n easy to det]m9e h[ f> !y 7 incompatible ) ! _s ( ! ,rule4 ,we are told t he 0 a man ( rem>kable =esight & a born rul]4 ,p]haps he wi%$ to e/abli% f ! beg9n+ :at ! natural evolution ( circum/ances 0 ev5tually to a*ieve4 ,he may h =ese5 t c]ta9 prescriptions !oretically feasible = all1 & practically s = a few1 w\ld actually become impracticable = ! g5]al body ( ! ,ord]4 ,?us by ! v =ce ( circum/ances x soon became necess>y = ! ,fri>s to use money at lea/ indirectly4 ,be ! c\ntry :]e !y reside ,ca?olic or ,prote/ant1 fri5dly or ho/ile1 !re are in/ances :]e to live means to use money4 ,nor does ! ,m9i/]-,g5]al ( ! ,ord] n[ visit ! ,ord] on foot1 nor is ! ,franciscan habit ( ! pres5t day su* p]haps z w\ld meet ) entire approval f ^? #cd e>ly rigori/s4 ,b !re has be5 no sub/antial defection f ! primitive _s ( ! ,rule2 ^! modifications h aris5 z ! necess>y result ( *ang$ conditions4 ,nor is ?is to be wond]$ at4 ,*ri/ianity itself began ev5 z ! ,franciscan ,ord]4 ,l to t ,ord] x increas$ & develop$4 ,9 c\rse ( "t1 :il/ !oretically ma9ta9+ its highe/ ideals1 x practically ceas$ to make !m ! guid+ pr9ciples ( its g5]al conduct4 ,?us1 community ( goods1 preval5t 9 ! "t ( ! ,apo/les1 gradually ceas$4 ,aga91 ! successors ( ! ,apo/les :o 7 c\nsell$ to possess nei!r gold nor silv] nor scrip ev5tually appe> z temporal rul]s2 & ! ,savi\r's doctr9e ( submission to evil gave way1 :5 circum/ances dem&$1 to arm$ resi/ance4 ,! highe/ ideals ( ,*ri/ianity 7 practically ab&on$ by ! multitude1 & ma9ta9$ only by ! few4 ,inde$1 x is v que/ionable f an hi/orical po9t ( view1 :e!r ! absolute p]fection ( ! ,gospel outl9$ 9 ! c\nsels ( our ,"l c\ld ev] be m ?an ! ideal ( ! v few--some?+ to :i* "o or o!r fav\r$ s\l might actually atta9 b :i* 0 nev] int5d$ to be ! practical aim ( society 9 g5]al4 ,?is mu/ be borne 9 m9d :5 /udy+ ! hi/ory ( ! ,franciscan movem5t1 :i* 0 an attempt to re/ore lit]ally & rigidly ! highe/ ,*ri/ian ideals4 ,broadly speak+ x succe$$ & cont9ues to succe$4 ,! ,ord] #ce c nev] rev]t to ! attitude ( ! _w t[>ds ! ,evangelical ,c\nsels al?\gh "t & circum/ances may modify its int]pretation ( !m4 ,! ,fri>s h absolute community ( goods2 !y are b\nd to ! poor use ( ! necessities ( life4 ,:il/ "s int]pret _! obligations 9 ?is & all o!r matt]s mo/ rigidly1 & emulate ,/4 ,francis 9 e respect1 o!rs1 al?\gh fully obs]v+ ! sub/ance ( ! ,rule1 q ju/ifiably reg>d its precepts 9 a mild] light4 ,!y are none ! less true ,franciscans4 ,( late ye>s !re has aris5 a class ( writ]s :om we may describe z ! academic critics ( ! ,rule & ,_s ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,reg>d+ ! ,franciscan movem5t f an extr9sic & speculative po9t ( view1 !y are p>ticul>ly attract$ by its m rigor\s features4 ,b !y look ^u !m z ?+s ( ! pa/ & discuss !m ) melan*oly int]e/4 ,!y seem to ?9k t ! ,franciscan ideal has vani%$ f ! _w1 & t ! mod]n ,fri> is sc>cely a repres5tative ( 8 prototype4 ,:oev] is n a ,francis1 or a ,giles1 or a ,junip]1 is n wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,to ! pr(essor ( ! ,rule ( ,/4 ,francis !re is some?+ p>ticul>ly irritat+ 9 ! attitude ( ^! writ]s4 ,he kn[s t he is obs]v+ ! ,rule 9 its simple lit]alness--t !re is no precept ( x :i* he does n fulfil2 yet because he does n realize ! romantic ideal conceiv$ by ^! %all[ critics he #cf receives at mo/ only tol]ant pity or condesc5d+ reg>d4 ,b to return to ,elias & ! diss5sions 8 influ5ce creat$ 9 ! ,ord]4 ,he seems to h ga9$ ov] to 8 side ! majority ( ! ,prov9cial ,m9i/]s1 s t he 0 twice elect$ ,g5]al4 ,on bo? occasions1 /range to say1 8 adm9i/ration end$ 9 8 deposition4 ,/ill1 _m ( 8 support]s adh]$ to him & he 0 propos$ a ?ird "t = ! (fice ( ,g5]al4 ,on ?is occasion ,elias 0 ignom9i\sly reject$ by ! ,pope1 :o also depriv$ him ( "s privileges he enjoy$4 ,!reupon1 ov]come by pride & indignation1 he set ! ,pontiff at defiance1 & s\ght ! protection ( 8 decl>$ enemy1 ! ,emp]or ,fr$]ic4 ,he ?us absolutely ab&on$ ! ,ord]1 b !re rema9$ beh9d him "s :o advocat$ 8 views4 ,we are ev5 told t ! succe$+ ,g5]al1 ,cresc5tius1 0 "o ( 8 foll[]s & pursu$ a simil> policy4 ,c]ta9 x is ! diss5sions increas$ dur+ 8 "t ( (fice4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo4 ,a liu>i ,p9turi*io1 p9x4 ,,! ,,coronation ,,( ,,our ,,lady4 ,f ! picture 9 ! ,vatican1 ,rome4 7,/4 ,bonav5ture is ! figure to ! left ( ! gr\p ( ,sa9ts74 #cg ,we h se5 h[ ,john ( ,p>ma1 8 successor1 fail$ to grapple ) ! difficulties ( ! situation4 ,wadd+ ,footnote #ac repres5ts him z /]n & uncompromis+ 9 8 views1 & z equally rigor\s 9 =c+ ^? views on o!rs4 ,:5 at l5g? he saw t _m ,religi\s1 :o w\ld consci5ti\sly c>ry out a less l(ty ideal1 7 be+ simply =c$ by reason ( 8 well-meant yet none ! less /r+5t insi/5ce to a revolt aga9/ ! v pr9ciple ( ob$i5ce1 ,john summon$ a ,g5]al ,*apt] at ,rome & resign$ 8 (fice4 ,accord+ to c]ta9 writ]s1 ,footnote #ad ,alex&] ,,iv41 ! ,c>d9als & ! ,bre?r5 assembl$ s\ght to p]suade him to cont9ue 9 (fice4 ,john1 h[ev]1 0 resolute 9 8 refusal4 ,= a :ole day ! bus9ess ( ! ,*apt] 0 susp5d$2 /ill ! ,m9i/]-,g5]al /ood firm4 ,!n ! ,vocals ,footnote #ae 9 view ( 8 det]m9$ attitude said to him3 ',fa!r1 y :o h invit$ ! :ole ,ord] & "k ! m]its ( all ! ,bre?r51 tell u :o is ! be/ suit$ to succe$ y8' ,!re & !n ,john repli$ ',bro!r ,bonav5ture ( ,bagnorea2 no "o is m wor?y ?an he'4 ,!reupon he 0 unanim\sly elect$4 ,footnote #ac3 ,tom4 ,,iv1 ,anno #abef4 ,,no4#b4 ,footnote #ad3 ,au?or ( ! ,*ronicles ( ! ,,xxiv ,g5]als4 ,analecta ,franciscana1 ,tom4 ,,iii1 pp4 #bhf1 #bhg4 ,also ,b]n>d ( ,besse4 ,ibid4 p4 #fih4 ,footnote #ae3 ,salimb5e1 p4 #acg4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,discipl9e ,,& ,,obs]vance4 ,bonav5ture 0 tea*+ at ,p>is :5 he 0 elect$ ,m9i/]-,g5]al4 ,h[ev] reluctant he may h be5 to accept ! responsibility1 he did n ?9k ( %irk+ x4 ,he 0 a "y man-- only ?irty-sev5 ye>s ( age--& fully consci\s #ch ( 8 defici5cies & ( ! ardu\s task be=e him4 ,t he und]took x calmly & confid5tly %[s t he possess$ ! virtue ( =titude 9 no slight degree4 ,he 0 well aw>e ( ! diss5sions )9 ! ,ord] & ( ! relaxation ( discipl9e t prevail$ among/ "s ( ! ,bre?r54 ,to rem$y ^! 0 8 fir/ conc]n4 ,%ortly aft] 8 election he wrote ,footnote #af a rem>kable lett] to ! ,prov9cials ( ! ,ord]4 ,he began by ackn[l$g+ 8 unfitness = ! high & important (fice to :i* he _h be5 call$1 alleg+ ! weakness ( 8 body1 ! imp]fection ( 8 m9d1 ! inexp]i5ce ( 8 life & ! repugnance ( 8 w4 ,/ill1 he did n d>e to resi/ ! voice ( ob$i5ce1 & to make up = 8 %ortcom+s he c\nts ^u ! wor?y coop]ation ( ! ,prov9cial ,m9i/]s4 ,he !n ref]s to ! irregul>ities exi/+ 9 ! ,ord] :i* _h begun to endang] its success & br+ x into disrepute among/ ! ,fai?ful4 ,rememb]+ t ! ,ord] 0 !n 9 exi/5ce b>ely fifty ye>s x is int]e/+ to consid] :at ^! 74 ,t5 causes ( relaxation are enum]at$ by ,bonav5ture3-- #a4 ,too great multiplication ( temporal affairs = :i* money is eag]ly s\ght1 c>elessly receiv$1 & recklessly h&l$4 #b4 ,! idl5ess ( "s ( ! ,bre?r54 #c4 ,useless travell+ f place to place1 to ! #ci sc&al r ?an to ! edification ( ! p4 #d4 ,importunate begg+1 :]eby ! ,bre?r5 are fe>$ z highwaym54 #e4 ,! con/ruction ( co/ly & pret5ti\s build+s1 :i* di/urbs ! peace ( ! ,ord] & exposes ! ,bre?r5 to ! attacks ( _! enemies4 #f4 ,! increase ( dang]\s fri5d%ips f :i* arose suspicions1 calumnies & sc&als4 #g4 ,! imprud5t be/[al ( (fices on ^? :o 7 incapable ( dis*>g+ !m4 #h4 ,! eag] reception ( legacies & (fici\s int]f]5ce ) obsequies1 to ! great (f5ce ( ! secul> cl]gy4 #i4 ,frequ5t & exp5sive *ange ( resid5ce1 to ! di/urbance ( ! locality & ! prejudice ( pov]ty4 #aj4 ,f9ally1 exp5sive liv+1 by :i* ! ,bre?r5 became a burd5 to ! p4 ,footnote #af3 ,cf4 ,op]a ,omnia 7,qu>ac*i71 ,tom4 ,,viii1 p4 #dfh4 ,:il/ _m1 he rem>ks1 are blameless 9 ^! matt]s1 /ill1 ! evil r$\nds ^u all1 & mu/ n be ov]look$ nor tol]at$ on any acc\nt4 ,he !n po9ts out ! rem$y & insi/s on its application4 ,he concludes 8 lett] ) ! foll[+ rem>kable utt]ance3 ,%\ld ,i le>n f ! ,visitors :om ,i desire to pay special att5tion to ^! matt]s1 t my directions h be5 obey$1 ,i %all give ?anks to ,god & to y2 b if x %\ld be o!rwise 7:i* ,god #dj =bid71 y may re/ assur$ t my consci5ce w n p]mit me to all[ ! matt] to pass unnotic$4 ,al?\gh x is n my int5tion to =ge new *a9s = y1 yet mu/ ,i 9 compliance ) ! dictates ( consci5ce aim at ! extirpation ( abuses4 ,f ?is we c ga!r ! nature ( ! policy adopt$ by ! ,sa9t4 ,x 0 cle>ly "o ( firmness & mod]ation4 ,p]ceiv+ t !y arose f m9or causes1 su* z ! p>ticul> views ( individuals1 he makes no ref]5ce to ! int]nal diss5sions ( ! ,ord]4 ,he aim$ at uni=mity on g5]al l9es1 conv9c$ t if ?is 7 accompli%$ less] diff]5ces w\ld gradually disappe>1 or1 at lea/1 lose _! p[] ( s]i\sly di/urb+ ! peace ( ! ,ord]4 ,! ,rule 0 to be obs]v$2 no abuse 0 to be tol]at$4 ,b :il/ /rongly condemn+ ! excesses ( ^? :o aim$ at relaxation1 he 0 n less det]m9$ 9 re/ra9+ ! zeal ( ^? :o s\ght excessive rig\r4 ,?is provok$ ! displeasure ( ! latt]4 ,9 view ( ! ,sa9t's words quot$ above & ( ! ,con/itutions en=c$ by him at ! ,*apt] ( ,n>bonne1 _! failure to agree ) 8 policy demon/rates h[ extreme 7 ! views !y ent]ta9$4 ,& x is app>5t t ^? :o reg>d su* m5 z repres5t+ ! true _s ( ! ,ord] are s]i\sly mi/ak54 ,excessive rig\r is z =eign to ! latt] z excessive mildness4 ,true virtue avoids #da bo? extremes1 & ,bonav5ture's wisdom enabl$ him to aim at ! gold5 mean4 ,9 #abfj our ,sa9t celebrat$ ! ,g5]al ,*apt] ( ,n>bonne4 ,"h ! v>i\s ,con/itutions hi!rto e/abli%$ 9 ! ,ord] 7 revis$ & promulgat$ anew4 ,^! ,con/itutions diff] b slightly f ^? t prevail at ! pres5t day4 ,! vicissitudes ( six hundr$ ye>s h necessitat$ c]ta9 additions & modifications1 b !y h rema9$ sub/antially ! same & con/itute an endur+ monum5t to ! wisdom & =esight ( ,bonav5ture4 ,wadd+ ,footnote #ag says ( !m3 ,! ,/atutes ( ,bonav5ture are weighty--! outcome ( mature delib]ation & discussion--& !y are r$ol5t ( a truly religi\s _s4 ,9 !m is enjo9$ :atev] is ( prim>y importance & necessity4 ,!y ought nev] to be abrogat$1 b :atev] modifications *anges ( "t & place may call = %\ld be add$ to !m1 = ( all !y are ! mo/ excell5t4 ,! ,annali/ is unsp>+ 9 8 condemnation ( ! attempts made at v>i\s times to *ange !m4 ,"o _c b be displeas$1 he writes1 deplor+ a /ate ( ?+s :i* n[ happily no long] exi/s1 at ! facility ) :i* "s make laws at ,g5]al ,*apt]s4 ,x w\ld seem z ?\gh "o c\ld n consid] himself a r5[n$ rul] unless he pos$ z a legislator & drew up new laws to m>k 8 t]m ( (fice4 ,h5ce1 we h daily #db fre% & bewild]+ laws1 & su* a multitude ( crude & undige/$ /atutes1 t ! poor subject does n "k to-day :at he may h to obs]ve to-morr[4 ,footnote #ag3 ,tom4 ,,iv1 ,anno #abfj4 ,no4 ,,ii4 ,! ,con/itutions ( ,n>bonne 7 di/ribut$ "u twelve heads & =m$ an enlight5$ & prud5t int]pretation ( ! twelve *apt]s ( ! ,rule4 ,writ+ ,footnote #ah to ! ,prov9cials six ye>s aft] _! promulgation1 ,bonav5ture attributes ! exi/5ce ( c]ta9 irregul>ities to _! non-obs]vance4 ,8 appeal to ! prelates ( ! ,ord] on ?is occasion reveals ! burn+ zeal ( ! ,sa9t3 ,le/ ! 'blood ( s\ls'--n only ( ^? committ$ to our c>e b ( all :o e/eem ! religi\s life--%\ld be 'dem&$ at our h&s' 4444 ,i adjure y by ! %$d+ ( ,*ri/'s ,mo/ ,preci\s ,blood & by ! ,w\nds ( ,8 ,passion1 :i* appe>$ ) unmi/akable cle>ness on ! body ( our ,holy ,fa!r1 ,/4 ,francis1 t l prud5t & fai?ful s]vants ( ,*ri/ y apply y\rselves dilig5tly to ! root+ out ( pe/if]\s abuses1 & t y %[ y\rselves att5tive to discipl9e & examples ( religi\s f]v\r4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 excite ! ,bre?r5 to a love ( pray]1 & at ! same "t entreat & ev5 compel !m to obs]ve ! ,rule fai?fully--'fe>+ ! c\nt5ance ( none2 root+ up & pull+ d[n2 wa/+ & de/roy+'2 committ+ ! disaffect$ & insubord9ate to prison1 #dc or expell+ !m f ! ,ord]1 z ! laws or ju/ice & piety may dem&1 le/1 :il/ ) cruel m]cy y sp>e a diseas$ memb]1 ! corruption ext5d itself to ! entire body4 ,footnote #ah3 ,op]a ,omnia1 ,tom4 ,,viii1 p4 #dgj4 ,no reasonable man read+ ^! words ( ,bonav5ture c\ld d\bt 8 e>ne/ness 9 procur+ regul> obs]vance1 or ?9k ( accus+ him ( remissness or laxity4 ,x only %[s h[ extreme 7 ! views ( a c]ta9 section ( ! ,ord] :5 we f9d !m attempt+ to d s4 ,pet] ,john ,olivi1 ! lead] ( ! rigori/s1 reply+ to "s :o s\ght to ju/ify _! relaxations by say+ t ,bonav5ture & o!rs liv$ v laxly1 says3 ,footnote #ai ,hi!rto1 x 0 ! cu/om to adduce wor?y m5 z examples ( p]fection2 n[1 alas6 !y are br\ght =w>d to ju/ify relaxation & inobs]vance 4444 ,let me say :at ,i ?9k ( ,bonav5ture4 ,he 0 a mo/ excell5t & pi\s man1 & 9 8 tea*+ he insi/$ on ! p]fection ( pov]ty4 ,b he 0 ( a some:at delicate con/itution & !re=e1 p]haps1 incl9$ to be some:at indulg5t to himself1 z ,i h (t5 he>d him humbly admit4 ,= he 0 n great] ?an ! ,apo/le :o said ',we all (f5d 9 _m ?+s'4 ,/ill1 ! prevail+ relaxation affect$ him s mu* t ,i he>d him decl>e at ! ,*apt] ( ,p>is t f ! day he 0 made ,g5]al !re nev] 0 a mom5t :5 he 0 n prep>$ to be gr\nd to du/ s t ! ,ord] might reta9 ! purity & #dd /rictness int5d$ by ,/4 ,francis & 8 companions1 & atta9 ! end !y aim$ at4 ,on ?is acc\nt ! holy man may be excus$ some:at1 ?\gh n entirely4 ,he 0 n "o ( ^? :o s\ght to ju/ify relaxation or assail ! purity ( ! ,rule1 mak+ su* conduct ! rule ( _! lives4 ,if he 0 9 any way f\nd want+ he reg>d$ ! matt] ) grief & sorr[4 ,9 conclusion1 ,pet] ,john ,olivi makes ! a/\nd+ ass]tion t he does n consid] ,bonav5ture's attitude to h be5 mortally s9ful4 ,i d n ?9k1 he says1 t su* m5 are to be judg$ guilty ( mortal s9 unless1 tak+ ev]y?+ into acc\nt1 ?is k9d ( excess %\ld 9 _! case be consid]$ enorm\s4 ,footnote #ai3 ,cf4 ,op]a ,omnia1 ,tom4 ,x1 p4 #ej4 ,assur$ly1 ,bonav5ture is des]v+ ( our sympa?y4 ,on ! "o h& we f9d him grief-/rick5 at ! relaxations 9 ! ,ord] & do+ ev]y?+ 9 8 p[] to rem$y !m2 on ! o!r h& we f9d him assail$ z conniv+ at !m & 9 "s degree responsible = !m4 ,! rigori/s c\ld n di/+ui% betwe5 :at 0 /rictly comm&$ & :at 0 a matt] ( p]fection4 ,?is latt] c\ld be recomm5d$ b n en=c$1 & because our ,sa9t's wisdom w\ld n all[ him to attempt its en=cem5t !y accus$ him ( laxity4 ,x has be5 said 9 a previ\s *apt] t ! obs]vance ( ,/4 ,francis 0 some?+ peculi> to ! ,sa9t himself & c\ld n become a matt] #de ( obligation = all4 ,/rict obs]vance admits ( _m degrees ( p]fection4 ,?is ,bonav5ture p]ceiv$1 & :il/ s9c]ely desir+ t :i* 0 mo/ p]fect he felt t x 0 unatta9able4 ,h5ce1 he *ose a middle c\rse & /eadfa/ly adh]$ to x4 ,by ?is means unity & peace 7 on ! :ole well ma9ta9$ 9 ! ,ord] dur+ 8 ,g5]al%ip4 ,/ill ! elem5ts ( discord 7 n de/roy$4 ,!y 7 only held 9 *eck by ! p[]ful p]sonality ( ! ,sa9t4 ,!y cont9u$ to op]ate sl[ly & imp]ceptibly1 giv+ rise 9 "t to ! fanatical sect kn[n z ! ,fraticelli4 ,we are ju/ifi$ 9 ?9k+ t ! ma9t5ance ( ! body ( ! ,ord] 9 its sub/antial purity 0 due to ! wise adm9i/ration ( ,bonav5ture4 ,a m rigor\s ,g5]al or a less obs]vant "o might h l$ ! ,ord] to "s extreme :i* w\ld h wr\ght its ru94 ,f ?is po9t ( view our ,sa9t des]ves ! title :i* has widely be5 be/[$ ^u him ( ,second ,f\nd] ( ! ,franciscan ,ord]4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,incid5ts ,,( ,,adm9i/ration4 ,bonav5ture's life1 = ! ensu+ ye>s1 is a record ( fa/-succe$+ ev5ts c5tr+ ma9ly r\nd ! "w ( 8 p]sonal sanctification & 8 ex]tions = ! welf>e ( ! ,ord]4 ,on #df #bc ,octob]1 #abeg1 our ,sa9t receiv$ ! degree ( ,doctor ( ,!ology4 ,! diff]5ces betwe5 ! ,univ]sity & ! ,m5dicant ,fri>s _h gradually pass$ away & a bett] _s1 prevail$4 ,/ill1 ! fav\r be/[$ ^u our ,sa9t is to be attribut$ pr9cipally to ! lett] ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff comm&+ ! ,univ]sity to ext5d1 all its privileges to ! ,fri>s ,?omas ( ,aqu9 & ,bonav5ture4 ,dur+ ! ,p5teco/ ( #abha ,footnote #bj we f9d him assi/+ at ! f\ndation ( a hospital at ,pisa4 ,9 ! (ficial record ( ?is in/itution we read h[ ,fri> ,bonav5ture1 ! ,m9i/]-,g5]al ( ! :ole ,ord] ( ,fri>s ,m9or1 01 at ! comm& ( ,pope ,alex&]1 pres5t at ! a=e-m5tion$ f\ndation2 at ! comm& ( ! same ,holy ,fa!r he made ea* & e b5efactor ( ! hospital a %>] 9 ! pray]s said & good works p]=m$ by all ! memb]s ( ! ,ord]4 ,footnote #bj3 ,cf4 ,op]a ,omnia1 ,tom4 ,x1 p4 #eb4 ,bonav5ture celebrat$ five ,g5]al ,*apt]s--t ( ,n>bonne 9 #abfj2 ( ,pisa 9 #abfc2 ( ,p>is 9 #abff2 ( ,assisi 9 #abfi2 ( ,lyons 9 #abgd4 ,^! ,*apt]s are ! mo/ conv9c+ pro(s ( 8 indefatigable activity4 ,9 ea* ( !m1 ap>t f ! g5]al ef=ts made to fur!r regul> obs]vance1 "s special ord9ation ( a rem>kable k9d 0 enact$4 ,?us1 9 ! ,*apt] ( ,pisa1 ! suffrages = ! dead 7 regulat$1 & among/ ! ,masses & pray]s appo9t$ to #dg be said = deceas$ b5efactors we f9d ! ,solemn ,requiem = ! p>5ts ( ! ,bre?r54 ,9 ! ,*apt] ( ,assisi 9 #abfi ! recital ( ! ,angelus & ! celebration ( a ,mass e ,saturday 9 hon\r ( our ,lady 7 prescrib$4 ,9 ! ,*apt] ( ,p>is1 by ! tact & prud5ce ( ,bonav5ture1 a some:at s]i\s diff]5ce :i* _h aris5 betwe5 ! ,franciscans & ,dom9icans 0 amicably settl$4 ,! disagreem5t arose conc]n+ ! respective sph]es ( ! ,inquisitors ( ! two ,ord]s4 ,! (fice ( ,inquisitor1 already held by ! ,dom9icans1 0 assign$ to ! ,franciscans by ,innoc5t ,,iv4 9 ! ye> #abed4 ,! settlem5t ( ?is dispute became ! occasion ( ! consolidation ( t _s ( frat]nity & fri5d%ip t has ev] s9ce exi/$ betwe5 ! two ,ord]s1 & :i*1 z is commonly kn[n1 orig9at$ 9 ! reciprocal bro!rly love ( ,francis & ,dom9ic4 ,x is ass]t$ t x 0 at ! ,*apt] ( ,n>bonne t ! ,franciscan habit receiv$ its pres5t %ape4 ,up to t "t x appe>s to h be5 m or less id5tical ) ! dress worn by ! ,umbrian %eph]ds--a simple tunic ) a girdle1 & a hood to protect ! head4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 easy to det]m9e ! precise nature ( ! alt]ation effect$4 ,!re is "o incid5t ( ,bonav5ture's adm9i/ration :i* calls = special att5tion2 an incid5t :i* has deeply influ5c$ ! hi/orical e/imate =m$ ( him by c]ta9 writ]s4 ,?is is 8 action #dh ) reg>d to ,john ( ,p>ma--8 pr$ecessor 9 ! ,g5]al%ip ( ! ,ord]4 ,! uphold]s ( ! rigor\s obs]vance ( ! ,rule pret5d to see 9 x evid5ce ( h>%ness1 inju/ice1 nay1 ev5 ( duplicity4 ,?is assumption1 ne$less to say1 is utt]ly devoid ( solid f\ndation4 ,ow+ to ! peculi> temp]am5t ( ! times & "s unt[>d circum/ances1 ,john ( ,p>ma fell "u ! suspicion ( h]esy1 & at ! reque/ ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff x became necess>y = ,bonav5ture to inve/igate ! *>ge4 ,! biograph]s ( our ,sa9t are at v>iance 9 det]m9+ ! ye> 9 :i* ?is trial 0 held4 ,wadd+ ,footnote #ba & ! editors ( our ,sa9t's works ,footnote #bb place x "u ! ye> #abeg1 b z ,fa!r ,liv>ius ,olig]1 ,o4,f4,m41 po9ts out 9 a review ,footnote #bc ( ,fa!r ,lemm5s' rec5t ,life ( ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 ! inve/igation is kn[n to h be5 proce$$ ) be=e ,c>d9al ,john ,cajetan1 :o at ! "t 0 ! ,protector ( ! ,ord]4 ,c>d9al ,cajetan1 h[ev]1 0 nom9at$ ,protector ( ! ,ord] %ortly aft] ! assumption ( ,pope ,urban1 :o 0 elect$ ,pope1 #bi ,augu/1 #abfa4 ,?is is a typical in/ance ( ! *ronological difficulties & unc]ta9ties :i* are associat$ ) ! life ( our ,sa9t4 ,footnote #ba3 ,tom4 ,,iv1 ,anno #abef4 ,nos4 #e & #f4 ,footnote #bb3 ,,ii ,tom4 ,x1 p4 #dh4 ,no4#d4 ,footnote #bc3 ,ar*ivium ,franciscanum ,hi/oricum1 ,annus ,,iii1 ,fasc4 ,,ii1 p4 #cdf4 #di ,h[ a man s rem>kable = le>n+ & virtue z ! ex-,g5]al %\ld h provok$ su* an accusation dem&s "s fur!r explanation4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ?is 0 ! p]iod :5 ! ,inquisition reign$ 9 all ! f]v5t zeal ( its rec5t in/itution4 ,:atev] sav\r$ 9 ! lea/ ( het]odoxy1 ei!r 9 !ory or 9 practice1 ar\s$ its vigilance4 ,x 0 closely inve/igat$ & its au?or1 no matt] :at admirable qualities he might o!rwise display1 0 reg>d$ ) suspicion & di/ru/4 ,?is attitude ( ! ecclesia/ical au?orities 0 fully ju/ifi$ by ! preval5ce ( false my/icism1 "u ! guise ( :i* ! ,wald5ses & ,albig5ses 7 j !n putt+ =? ! mo/ p]nici\s & subv]sive doctr9es4 ,true my/icism is ! p]fection ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,its ess5ce is union ) ,god4 ,! m p]fectly x accompli%es ?is union1 ! m ?or\ghly x a*ieves its end4 ,x is ! noble/ & mo/ exalt$ aspect ( religion1 b1 at ! same "t1 x is att5d$ by v grave dang]s4 ,! my/ic sees only ,god & 8 own s\l--or r he has no direct consci\sness ( any?+ b ,god alone4 ,he conv]ses ) ,god & is guid$ directly by him--any?+ else is to a l>ge ext5t ignor$4 ,! dang] ( ?is /ate is app>5t4 ,! my/ic is at ! m]cy ( 8 imag9ation & ( a ?\s& natural influ5ces :i* he is liable to #ej mi/ake = ! voice ( ,god4 ,& :5 he ?9ks t ,god speaks1 no matt] to :at folly or extravagance ! imag9$ voice may urge him1 nor h[ cle>ly x may oppose ! dictates ( ob$i5ce1 he consid]s himself b\nd to obey x2 = is he n sure1 ev5 z ,/4 ,pet]1 t he mu/ obey ,god r ?an man6 ,unless he possess a s\nd judgm5t & a ?or\gh grasp ( ,ca?olic doctr9e1 or1 fail+ ^!1 unless he be humbly submissive to ! tea*+ ( "s compet5t spiritual guide1 he ne$s mu/ g a/ray4 ,?is dang]1 ,francis1 :o 0 a my/ic 9 ! true/ s5se ( ! ^w1 avoid$ p]fectly1 b z mu* _c be said ( "s ( 8 e>li] foll[]s4 ,= not)/&+ ,pontifical utt]ances & ! enactm5ts ( ,g5]al ,*apt]s1 !y p]si/$ 9 ma9ta9+ t _! p>ticul> views conc]n+ ! obs]vance ( ! ,rule 7 ! only p]missible ones4 ,a mild =m ( fanaticism seems to h laid hold ( !m4 ,_! immod]ate reg>d = ! ,rule & its obs]vance l$ !m to extremes4 ,!y 7 conv9c$ t x 0 inspir$ by our ,"l ,himself & !y attribut$ to x an au?ority equal to t ( ! ,gospels4 ,cont5d+ t x 0 p]fectly cle> & intelligible1 !y d5i$ t any au?ority on e>? _h ! p[] to expla9 or int]pret x4 ,9 ^! ideas !y 7 /r5g!n$ by ! writ+s ( ,joa*im1 ,abbot ( ,flora4 ,?is rem>kable man fl\ri%$ ab\t ! latt] #ea portion ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,he 0 deeply imbu$ ) ! _s ( my/icism1 & its dang]s 7 only too fully realiz$ 9 8 case4 ,9 treat+ ( ! ,bless$ ,tr9ity he err$ s]i\sly1 & 8 doctr9e 0 condemn$ by ! ,f\r? ,lat]an ,c\ncil4 ,he seems to h consid]$ himself inspir$1 & he gave utt]ance to a long s]ies ( prophecies conc]n+ ! ,*ur*'s future4 ,he declaim$ vehem5tly aga9/ all ranks ( ! cl]gy--d5\nc+ ,popes1 ,c>d9als & ,bi%ops = _! indiff]5ce & corruption1 & pr$ict+ = !m ! mo/ t]rible puni%m5ts4 ,turn+ to ! relations betwe5 mank9d & ,god he proce$$ to divide ,revelation into ?ree epo*s3 t ( ! ,fa!r1 or ! ,old ,te/am5t2 t ( ! ,son1 or ! ,new ,te/am5t2 & t ( ! ,holy ,gho/--a p]iod :i* 0 to come & :i* w\ld be mu* m p]fect ?an ! prec$+ two4 ,x 0 to be *>act]iz$ by ! mo/ p[]ful & univ]sal sway ( ,div9e ,love1 a cle> vision ( ! et]nal tru?s1 & ! rise ( a contemplative mona*ism4 ,not)/&+ ^! peculi> t5ets1 ,joa*im 0 a man ( r>e virtue & piety & he di$ 9 full union ) ! ,*ur*4 ,he 0 reg>d$ by _m z a sa9t & a prophet1 & 8 writ+s 7 ?\ght to be div9ely inspir$4 ,john ( ,p>ma1 inde$1 held him 9 high e/eem1 b "s ( ! ,bre?r5 ) :om he 0 intimately associat$1 & to "s ext5t id5tifi$1 exce$$ #eb ! b\nds ( all mod]ation 9 _! ard5t advocacy ( him4 ,inflam$ z !y 7 ) int5se religi\s f]v\r & deeply p5etrat$ ) a _s ( p5ance & self-sacrifice1 ! tea*+ ( ,joa*im appeal$ mo/ =cibly to !m4 ,8 d5unciation ( ! worldl9ess ( ! age1 8 contempt = all ?+s temporal1 8 love ( contemplation1 & above all1 8 vivid prophecy ab\t ! in/itution ( a new ,religi\s ,ord] 9 :i* ! light & love ( ,god w\ld gov]n all1 fill$ !m ) unb\nd$ admiration4 ,!y pret5d$ to see 9 ,joa*im ! precursor ( ,/4 ,francis & ! realization ( 8 prophecy 9 ! ,ord] he e/abli%$4 ,among/ ! mo/ extreme p>tisans ( ,joa*im 7 two intimate fri5ds ( ,john ( ,p>ma--,fri>s ,g]>d & ,leon>d4 ,^u ^! pr9cipally re/$ ! suspicion ( h]esy4 ,!y 7 tri$1 f\nd guilty1 & condemn$ to p]petual conf9em5t4 ,! trial ( ,bless$ ,john ( ,p>ma !n came on4 ,he 0 accus$ ( lean+ to ! views ( ,abbot ,joa*im & ( wav]+ 9 8 belief 9 ! ,tr9ity4 ,! ex-,g5]al1 p]haps1 incl9$ some:at to c]ta9 ( ! ,abbot's views2 9 any case ! suspicion t su* 0 ! fact _h subject$ him to _m & great p]secutions4 ,! public "* ( ,john1 ! imm5se influ5ce he wield$ ov] a great "p ( ! ,ord]1 r5d]$ x imp]ative t ! case %\ld be ?or\ghly inve/igat$ & a def9ite issue come to at a public trial4 ,7 #ec ,john guilty ( h]esy--! /]n measure w\ld be m ?an ju/ifi$2 7 he innoc5t--8 "n w\ld ga9 lu/re f ! ordeal1 & malici\s tongues be sil5c$4 ,! details ( ! trial h n come d[n to u4 ,wadd+ ,footnote #bd m]ely gives u ! result1 /at+ t iniquity 0 n f\nd 9 him 4 ,he admits1 h[ev]1 t ,john 0 too fav\rably incl9$ to ! my/icism ( ,joa*im1 & t he submissively retract$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,c>d9al & assembl$ ,fa!rs4 ,a few details we h1 b x is impossible to det]m9e h[ f> !y are col\r$ ) p>tisan prejudice4 ,"o hi/orian /ates t ! suavity ( ,john's answ]s s wr\ght on 8 oppon5ts t !y op5ly decl>$ t z a h]etic he %\ld be s5t5c$ to p]petual imprisonm5t4 ,to be /igmatiz$ z a h]etic 0 m ?an ,john c\ld be> 9 pati5ce4 ,draw+ himself to 8 full height & look+ up to heav5 he pr(ess$ cle>ly & ) ard5t zeal 8 adh]5ce to all ! articles conta9$ 9 ! ,apo/les' ,cre$4 ,he assum$ ! role ( an innoc5t foll[] ( ,*ri/1 writes ,angelo ,cl>5us1 & av]r$ t he did believe z he ev] _h believ$ on t "q z on all o!r que/ions :at ! ,*ur* holds & ! ,sa9ts tea*4 ,?is fur!r inc5s$ 8 accus]s2 & !y det]m9$ to imprison = life _! late ,m9i/]-,g5]al4 ,t he 0 f9ally #ed acquitt$ mu/ be attribut$ to ! int]v5tion ( ,c>d9al ,otto ,boni--!n "o ( ! mo/ influ5tial memb]s ( ! ,sacr$ ,college & aft]w>ds ,pope ,adrian ,v4 ,he dispat*$ two lett]s1 "o to ! ,c>d9al ,presid5t1 ! o!r to ,bonav5ture1 9 :i*1 among o!r ?+s1 he wrote3 ,x is ) ! deepe/ regret ,i h le>n$ ( ! process in/itut$ aga9/ ,john ( ,p>ma1 & t p>ty /rife has l$ to 8 arraignm5t on a *>ge ( h]esy4 ,= _m ye>s--ev5 be=e my elevation to ! ,c>d9alate--,i h _h p]sonal w>rant bo? z to ! or?odoxy ( 8 doctr9e & ! hol9ess ( 8 life2 nor h ,i yet f\nd anyone m loyal to 8 cre$ or m fai?ful to 8 ideals4 ,s firmly am ,i p]suad$ ( ?is1 t ,i h no hesitation 9 say+ t 8 fai? is my fai?4 ,let me !n mo/ e>ne/ly besee* y t ?is trial be n conduct$ recklessly nor ) p>tisan bias4 ,he & ,i are "o3 inju/ice t[>ds him w r$\nd on me2 ! v]dict y pass on him y pass also on me2 8 s5t5ce1 too1 is m9e--& my s9c]e/ wi% is to be fully associat$ ) him4 ,footnote #bd3 ,tom4 ,,iv1 ,anno #abef4 ,no4#f4 ,^! lett]s produc$ ! desir$ effect4 ,john left ! ,assembly fully acquitt$1 & avail+ himself ( ! *oice ( resid5ce t ,bonav5ture c\rte\sly ext5d$ to him1 )drew to ! fri>y at ,greccio4 ,!re he sp5t _m ye>s 9 ! practice ( e virtue & f9ally expir$ 9 ! od\r ( sanctity4 #ee ,angelo ,cl>5us1 ,footnote #be condemns ! "p play$ by ,bonav5ture 9 ?is inquiry4 ,bonav5ture1 he /ates1 on ! te/imony ( ,john ( ,p>ma himself1 act$ wrongly 9 no slight degree2 = :il/ discuss+ ! "q 9 dispute privately ) ,john ( ,p>ma 9 8 cell he agre$ ) him1 affirm+ t he ?\ght z he did1 b publicly 9 pres5ce ( ! ,bre?r5 he %[$ t he held ! contr>y4 ,& aga9 he says3 ,bro!r ,john ent]s2 z "o suspect ( h]esy he is =c$ to take an oa?2 a wise man is cross-exam9$ by ^? less wise1 an ag$ man by y\?s2 "o full ( ! ,holy ,gho/ is se>*$ into by ! indev\t1 & by ^? :o foll[ ! desires ( _! he>t4 ,!n ! wisdom & hol9ess ( ,bonav5ture 7 obscur$ & vani%$1 & 8 mildness by ! agitation ( 8 s\l 0 *ang$ into viol5t ang]4 ,to su* an ext5t 0 he c>ri$ away t he exclaim$3 ',if x 7 n = ! hon\r ( ! ,ord] ,i %\ld h him publicly puni%$ z a h]etic'4 ,footnote #be3 ,cf4 ,op]a ,omnia1 ,tom4 ,x1 p4 #di4 ,to preside at ?is trial 0 "o ( ! pa9ful duties :i* 8 position plac$ ^u ,bonav5ture4 ,at ! in/ance ( ! ,bre?r5 & ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff he 0 b\nd to und]take x4 ,john ( ,p>ma _h acquir$ a great reputation = hol9ess1 & 8 indefatigable lab\rs on behalf ( ! ,ord] & ( ! ,*ur* _h made 8 "n fam\s ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,fur!rmore1 he 0 a #ef p]sonal fri5d ( ,bonav5ture1 = 0 x n he :o recomm5d$ him = ! (fice ( ,g5]al6 ,9 ! face ( ^! consid]ations x is incr$ible t he %\ld h be5 guilty ( inju/ice or duplicity t[>ds him4 ,x is mu* easi] to believe t ,angelo ,cl>5us1 c>ri$ away by p>ty _s1 gave ready cr$5ce to ! exagg]at$ reports circulat$ by ! admir]s ( ,john ( ,p>ma1 :o 7 bitt]ly1 ?\gh unreasonably1 indignant t ,bonav5ture %\ld h li/5$ to ! accusation ( h]esy & l5t 8 au?ority to ! inve/igation t foll[$4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,/4 ,,francis' ,,biograph]4 ,at ! ,g5]al ,*apt] ( ,n>bonne1 9 #abfj1 ,bonav5ture 0 reque/$ to write ! life ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,ow+ to ! circum/ances t surr\nd x1 consid]able importance atta*es to ?is incid5t4 ,!re already exi/$ sev]al leg5ds ( ! ,sa9t4 ,?omas ( ,celano _h writt5 "o 9 #abbi4 ,8 "w receiv$ ! approval ( ,gregory ,,ix41 :o _h (ficially recomm5d$ x to ! ,bre?r54 ,9 ! ye> #abdf1 at ! reque/ ( ! ,m9i/]-,g5]al1 ,cresc5tius1 appe>$ ! ,leg5d ( ! ,?ree ,companions1 writt5 by ,bro!rs ,angelo1 ,ruf9us & ,leo4 ,a second life 0 writt5 by ,?omas ( ,celano 9 #abdg or #abdh4 ,a few ye>s ago ! well-kn[n ,fr5* writ]1 #eg ,m4 ,paul ,sabati]1 edit$ a "w ,footnote #bf :i* he cont5d$ 0 ant]ior to any ( ^!4 ,he ma9ta9$ x 0 no?+ less ?an a complete life ( ,/4 ,francis writt5 by ,bro!r ,leo 9 ! ye> #abbg--)9 a ye> ( ! ,sa9t's dea?4 ,?is rem>kable "w _h be5 already well kn[n1 b accord+ to ,m4 ,sabati] its au?or%ip & ! date ( its compilation _h be5 misconceiv$4 ,al?\gh ! le>n$ writ] supports 8 cont5tion ) weighty argum5ts he _c be said to h r5d]$ x c]ta94 ,he is enam\r$ ( ! tone & _s ( ! book4 ,if x be an orig9al "w & ! production ( ,bro!r ,leo1 x is1 to ! mod]n critic1 an ideal biography4 ,x reveals simply & =cibly ! human side ( ,francis4 ,! p]sonal traits ( ! ,sa9t are br\ght prom95tly be=e u 9 all _! unique individuality4 ,we h ! real1 liv+ man--n ! /]eotyp$ example ( e virtue :i* ! e>li] hagiograph]s delight$ 94 ,/ill x mu/ be admitt$ t ! book is *>act]iz$ by ! prejudices ( its au?or4 ,c]ta9 say+s & do+s ( ,francis :i* appeal$ to 8 prepossessions are insi/$ ^u ) evid5t emphasis4 ,inde$1 to su* an ext5t is ?is app>5t t ! "w _c be reg>d$ z purely hi/orical4 ,x is l>gely polemical & w\ld seem to h be5 design$ to refute ! ideas ( ! mod]ate p>ty conc]n+ c]ta9 po9ts ( obs]vance4 ,footnote #bf3 ,! ,mirror ( ,p]fection1 by ,bro!r ,leo1 ,p>is1 #ahih4 ,be=e quitt+ ?is subject x may be said t #eh ! ard\r & en?usiasm ) :i* ! greate/ lit]>y critics ( ! day1 ,ca?olic & non-,ca?olic1 devote !mselves to ! inve/igation ( ! s\rces ( ,/4 ,francis' biography1 is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable ph5om5a :i* our times witness4 ,we he> ( ! =mation ( societies compos$ ( ! able/ s*ol>s ( ,europe = ! /udy ( e>ly docum5ts relat+ to ,francis & 8 ,ord]4 ,h[ ! words ( ,*ri/ are h]e9 v]ifi$3 ,he t humble? himself %all be exalt$6 ,i d\bt if !re is a p]sonality 9 hi/ory1 exclusive ( ! ,div9e ,f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity1 ^: words & actions are s closely /udi$ 9 a _s ( lov+ admiration z are ^? ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,to return to ,bonav5ture & ! task impos$ ^u him by ! ,g5]al ,*apt]1 ! importance ( ! latt] becomes app>5t :5 we reflect t z f> z ! ,ord] c\ld effect x1 ! leg5d he 0 ab\t to compose 0 to be ! sole record ( ! life ( ,francis :i* %\ld come d[n to po/]ity4 ,?is purpose evid5tly und]lay ! dem& = its composition1 = :5 ! "w 0 f9i%$ & submitt$ to ! ,g5]al ,*apt] ( ,pisa ?ree ye>s lat] x 0 (ficially approv$ ( & all ! o!r leg5ds 7 =mally proscrib$4 ,m /r+5t measures /ill = ! suppression ( ! old] leg5ds 7 adopt$ at ! ,*apt] ( ,p>is 9 #abff4 ,!re9 0 fram$ ! foll[+ ,con/itution3 ,footnote #bg ,! ,g5]al ,*apt] comm&s #ei "u ob$i5ce t all ! leg5ds ( ,/4 ,francis hi!rto compos$ be de/roy$1 & t :]e !y c be f\nd outside ! ,ord] ! ,bre?r5 %all /rive to remove !m1 = ! leg5d compos$ by ! ,g5]al 0 writt5 accord+ z he _h x f ! m\? ( ^? :o1 z x 71 _h be5 always ) ,bless$ ,francis & knew ev]y?+ ) c]ta9ty1 & ^? ?+s :i* are prov5 are !re9 dilig5tly set d[n4 ,footnote #bg3 ,r9aldi1 p4 #aa4 ,cf4 ,op]a ,omnia1 ,tom4 ,x1 p4 #eh4 ,on ! "p ( mod]n hi/oriograph]s ?is ord9ation has excit$ mu* criticism1 & ev5 ! w>me/ admir]s & /aun*e/ advocates ( ! ,ord] mu/ confess _! inability to acc\nt = x adequately4 ,at fir/ sight x appe>s to be a v high-h&$ & obscuranti/ proc$ure1 little 9 keep+ ) ! +5u\s simplicity ( ! ,franciscan _s4 ,x looks l an attempt to put out ! light--to aboli% ! true ideal & sub/itute a c\nt]feit 9 its /ead4 ,b 9 reality x 0 no?+ ( ! sort4 ,at ! pres5t day x is impossible to det]m9e ! precise motives t actuat$ ! au?ors ( t /atute1 b no "o :o is ev5 slightly acqua9t$ ) ! condition ( ! ,ord] at ! p]iod c fail to conjecture :at mo/ likely 0 ! prevail+ influ5ce4 ,! ,*apt] aim$ at introduc+ peace & h>mony among/ ! ,bre?r5 & produc+ uni=mity ( ?\ght & action 9 _! common life4 ,we h se5 t ^! mo/ desirable elem5ts 7 want+--t !re 7 diss5sions #fj & diff]5ces conc]n+ ! nature ( ! obs]vance to be pursu$4 ,! appeal ( ! cont5d+ p>ties 0 ev] to ! words & actions ( ,/4 ,francis1 :i*1 accord+ to _! respective views1 !y /ra9$ & exagg]at$ &1 unconsci\sly p]haps1 ev5 falsifi$4 ,we _c b conclude t su* a /ate ( affairs affect$ v prejudicially ! biograph]s ( ! ,sa9t & t5d$ to depreciate ! hi/orical value ( _! lab\rs4 ,= ^!1 too1 took sides1 &1 z x is easy to see1 !y made ! ,lives !y wrote ! vehicle ( _! p>ticul> ideas4 ,?us ,?omas ( ,celano fav\rs ,bro!r ,elias & ! mod]ate obs]vance1 :il/ ! ,?ree ,companions1 & 7if ,m4 ,sabati]'s cont5tion be correct71 ! ,mirror ( ,p]fection by ,bro!r ,leo1 con/itute a species ( manife/o aga9/ ! latt]1 & an appeal = a lit]al & rigor\s obs]vance4 ,n[ x is evid5t t :il/ su* a condition ( ?+s 0 tol]at$1 unity & peace c\ld nev] be e/abli%$4 ,z long z ^! old leg5ds1 r$ol5t ( p>ty _s & biass$ views1 rema9$1 legislation mak+ = h>mony w\ld be ( no avail4 ,?is ! ,*apt] cle>ly p]ceiv$1 & h5ce its /atute4 ,we may say ( x f9ally t al?\gh x 0 a dra/ic measure ! circum/ances m ?an ju/ifi$ x4 ,& we mu/ n =get t x 0 adopt$ only aft] ,bonav5ture's "w _h be5 exam9$ & approv$4 ,( ?is "w x is n[ "t to give "s acc\nt4 #fa ,ow+ to ! important place 9 hi/ory ?is new life 0 to hold1 & ! manifold di/ractions ( public duties among :i* x 0 to be writt51 we may accept 9 /rict & lit]al s9c]ity our ,sa9t's expressions ( reluctance to und]take x4 ,feel+ myself unwor?y1 he writes1 ,footnote #bh to relate t life mo/ wor?y ( all imitation1 ,i %\ld 9 no wise h attempt$ x1 _h n ! dev\t desires ( ! ,bre?r5 & ! unanim\s importunity ( ! ,*apt] mov$ me !reunto1 & _h n t love compell$ me :i* ,i am b\nd to feel = our holy ,fa!r4 4 4 4 ,?is1 inde$1 0 my *ief reason = und]tak+ ?is "w2 to wit1 t s9ce ,i owe to him "u ,god ! life ( my body & s\l1 & h le>n$ ! hol9ess ( 8 life ?r\gh p]sonal exp]i5ce ( 8 p[] ) ,god1 x behov$ me 9 return to collect1 z be/ ,i c\ld1 8 words & de$s--fragm5ts1 z x 71 p>tly ov]look$ & p>tly scatt]$--t !y be n utt]ly lo/ ) ! dea? ( ^? :o liv$ & conv]s$ ) ! ,bless$ ,s]vant or ,god4 ,footnote #bh3 ,leg5d ( ,/4 ,francis1 ,prologue1 ,sec4 #c4 ,dur+ ! ye> #abfa1 ,/4 ,bonav5ture 0 9 ,italy collect+ ! mat]ials = 8 "w4 ,! bett] to come by fir/-h& in=mation ( ?is life1 he tells ,footnote #bi u1 ,i visit$ ! sc5es ( ! bir?1 life & dea? ( ! ,bless$ ,francis1 & held /udi\s conv]se on ^! ?+s ) all :o _h enjoy$ 8 intimacy1 & ) su* especially z #fb _h full] k ( 8 hol9ess & 7 8 *ief disciples4 ,to all ( ^! all cr$5ce is due alike = _! tri$ virtue z = _! p]fect k ( ! tru?4 ,we _c say def9itely :o ^! *ief disciples 74 ,to h m5tion$ !m by "n w\ld h fru/rat$ ! purpose = :i* ! life 0 und]tak54 ,we presume1 h[ev]1 t our ,sa9t 0 *iefly indebt$ to ,bro!rs ,leo1 ,illum9atus1 & ,giles4 ,footnote #bi3 ,ibid4 ,sec4 #d4 ,:5 ^! rese>*es 7 complet$1 ,bonav5ture return$ to ,p>is to "w up into an au!ntic record ( ,/4 ,francis' life all ! mat]ials--oral & writt5--he _h come by dur+ 8 soj\rn 9 ,italy4 ,e incid5t ( any mom5t 9 ,/4 ,francis' life is fai?fully record$4 ,! graces be/[$ ^u him1 ! lab\rs he und]took1 ! suff]+s he bore1 ! virtues he practis$1 ! miracles he work$3 all are graphically & sympa!tically describ$4 ,! foll[+ episode gives u an insight into ! f]v\r ( s\l ) :i* ?is task 0 und]tak54 ,on "o occasion1 z our ,sa9t 0 engag$ on 8 "w1 8 intimate fri5d ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as came to visit him4 ,g5tly op5+ ! door ( 8 cell1 ! sa9tly ,dom9ican saw ,bonav5ture seat$ at 8 table1 p5 9 h&1 & s engross$ 9 contemplation t he 0 lo/ to ext]ior ?+s4 ,deeply mov$1 ,/4 ,?omas )drew :isp]+ to 8 companion ,come6 let u leave a ,sa9t to write ! life ( a ,sa9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,bonav5ture ,,9 ,,ec/asy ,,:ile ,,writ+ ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,/4 ,,francis ,,is ,,visit$ ,,by ,,/4 ,,?omas ,,aqu9as ,f a fresco by ,giacomelli 9 ! ,franciscan ,*ur* at ,cimiez4 #fc ,9 8 und]tak+ ,bonav5ture _h be=e him an ideal4 ,he wi%$ to pres5t ,francis z ! *os5 s]vant ( ,god1 rais$ up to be ! f\nd] & head ( a great ,religi\s ,ord]4 ,accord+ly1 8 att5tion is fix$ on ! sup]natural r ?an on ! natural elem5t 9 ,francis1 & he deals m ) ^? aspects ( 8 life & "* t br+ him )9 practical rea* ( 8 spiritual *ildr5 ?an ) ^? t lift him up into a sph]e s high t ! ord9>y s\l d>es n aspire to x4 ,he di/+ui%es judici\sly betwe5 :at ,francis recomm5d$ & practis$ himself & t :i* he /rictly enjo9$ ^u 8 ,bre?r54 ,"h ! conciliatory aim ( ! book is app>5t4 ,b he is nev] betray$ into any?+ unwor?y ( an upright biograph]4 ,all 8 facts are unassailable--no?+ ( importance is suppress$ or di/ort$4 ,9 consequ5ce1 su* a picture ( ,francis z 8 spiritual *ildr5 requir$ is ! result4 ,?is 0 ! end ,bonav5ture _h 9 view1 & hav+ accompli%$ x1 x matt]s little if 8 "w =feits ! approval ( ^? mod]n critics :o1 9 ! life ( ,francis1 wi% to f9d a record ( ! natural r ?an ! sup]natural4 ,f ?is ,great] ,leg5d--z x is call$--,bonav5ture made an ab/ract ( ! sali5t ev5ts1 & arrang$ !m "u sev5 head+s1 ea* ( :i* conta9$ n9e lessons or read+s4 ,?is 0 call$ ! ,small] ,leg5d & 0 int5d$ #fd = ! use ( ! ,religi\s 9 ! ,div9e ,(fice dur+ ! ,octave ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,to ?is small] "w atta*es ! same hi/orical accuracy t di/+ui%es ! ,great] ,leg5d4 ,9 _m in/ances ev5ts are describ$ 9 ! same words2 o!r incid5ts are giv5 9 abridg$ =m2 ! :ole "w is m>k$ by a m liturgic /yle1 & occasionally fre% details are giv54 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,int]ior ,,_s4 ,hi!rto we h consid]$ pr9cipally ! outw>d life ( ,bonav5ture2 we n[ turn to ^? int]ior virtues :i* made him a sa9t4 ,not)/&+ 8 manifold lab\rs & ! em95tly /r5u\s life he l$ he 0 a p]fect ma/] ( ! int]ior life4 ,a glance at 8 writ+s w %[ h[ ?or\ghly he und]/ood ! secrets ( ,my/ic ,!ology1 & h[ intimately acqua9t$ he 0 ) e aspect ( ! spiritual life4 ,!re is no phase ( div9e contemplation t he does n seem to h le>nt by p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,x 0 ?is v /rik+ *>act]i/ic :i* ga9$ = him ! title ( ,s]aphic ,doctor4 ,he possess$ ! r>e faculty ( keep+ 8 m9d habitually fix$ ^u ,god 9 ! mid/ ( ext]nal occupations4 ,to ?is may be trac$ ! v rem>kable attribute ( 8 writ+s :]eby #fe e subject he treats ( is made ultimately to conv]ge ,godw>ds4 ,9 8 treatises ,! ,j\rney ( ! ,m9d to ,god1 & ,! ,r$uction ( ! ,arts to ,!ology1 ! work+s ( 8 s\l 9 ?is respect are sy/ematiz$ & r$uc$ to sci5tific ord]4 ,/4 ,anton9us notes ?is feature ( ,bonav5ture's works :5 he says3 ,accord+ z ,bonav5ture made progress 9 sci5ce & ! k ( ! ,scriptures1 s1 too1 he grew 9 ! grace ( devotion4 ,= :atev] he p]ceiv$ ) ! intellect he r$uc$ to ! =m ( pray] & wor%ip ( ,god & kept m$itat+ on x cont9ually 9 8 he>t4 ,besides ma9ta9+ at all times ?is habitual _s ( recollection1 our ,sa9t sometimes )drew entirely f ! c>es ( 8 (fice & gave himself exclusively to pray] & recollection4 ,x 0 on "o su* occasion1 9 ! seclusion ( ,m\nt ,alv]na1 t he conceiv$ ! idea (1 & actually compos$1 8 ,j\rney ( ! ,m9d to ,god4 ,he tells u ?is himself4 ,on an occasion1 he says1 ,footnote #cj :51 aft] ! example ( ! mo/ ,bless$ ,francis1 ,i1 a s9n]1 sigh$ = spiritual peace--,i :o1 ?\gh unwor?y 9 e respect1 am yet 8 sev5? successor 9 ! g5]al m9i/ry ( ! ,bre?r5--x happ5$ t ab\t ! ?irty-?ird ye> aft] 8 dea? ,i _h )drawn to ,m\nt ,alv]na z to a quiet place :]e ,i might f9d #ff ! peace ,i s\ght4 ,:il/ !re1 z ,i reflect$ on c]ta9 elevations ( ! s\l to ,god1 among/ o!r ?\ghts !re occurr$ to me ! miracle :i* happ5$ to ,bless$ ,francis 9 ?is place1 viz4 ! app>ition ( ! ,crucifi$ ,s]aph4 ,on reflection x in/antly seem$ to me t ! vision signifi$ ! lift+ up ( ,/4 ,francis by contemplation & ! mann] 9 :i* x 0 accompli%$4 ,footnote #cj3 ,op]a ,omnia1 ,tom4 ,v1 ,prologus1 p4 #bie4 ,un=tunately ! biograph]s ( ,bonav5ture give u no def9ite insight into 8 int]ior _s4 ,!re is no attempt at depict+ t inn] life :i* by words & actions1 by tra9s ( ?\ght1 l9es ( policy & p]sonal habits1 is always reveal$ to obs]vant contempor>ies4 ,we h innum]able vague1 ?\gh gl[+1 appreciations ( 8 virtues & "* 9 g5]al4 ,we are told mo/ emphatically t he 0 a sa9t1 b :at k9d ( a sa9t we are n in=m$4 ,9 ?is de>? ( p>ticul>s we mu/ fall back ^u ! ,sa9t's writ+s4 ,we c ju/ly hope to f9d 9 !m "s revelation ( 8 _s--( ^? p>ticul> ideas t guid$ & animat$ him4 ,we c take x = grant$ t :at he taught he practis$4 ,! fact t he is a canoniz$ ,sa9t =bids u to ?9k o!rwise4 ,h5ce1 9 8 num]\s descriptions ( ^? int]ior virtues t %\ld adorn ! spiritual life 9 g5]al1 we may see a reflection ( ^? virtues :i* fl\ri%$ 9 8 own s\l4 ,!re is a small "w on ! spiritual life writt5 by our ,sa9t 9 :i* he depicts ! virtues t #fg make = religi\s p]fection4 ,! book is entitl$ ,! ,p]fection ( ,life1 & x reveals ! _s ( ,bonav5ture m simply &1 = our pres5t purpose1 m suitably ?an 8 great] works4 ,x 0 writt5 at ! reque/ ( ! ,"m ,abbess ( "s ,community ( ,poor ,cl>es4 ,he ref]s to ?is fact 9 8 introduction1 & 8 words brea! su* a deep _s ( humility t ,i _c refra9 f quot+ !m4 ,:]e=e1 ,rev]5d ,"m1 devot$ to ,god & de> to me1 y h ask$ me out ( ! pov]ty ( my he>t to write some?+ :]eby1 = ! "t be+1 y may in/ruct y\r s\l 9 ! way ( devotion4 ,i s9c]ely confess t r d ,i /& 9 ne$ ( su* in/ruction myself1 see+ t my life is n adorn$ ) virtue outw>dly1 nor is x inflam$ ) devotion inw>dly1 nor is x enhanc$ by le>n+4 ,nev]!less1 mov$ by y\r pi\s wi%1 ev5 z y h reque/$ ,i h obey$4 ,b ,i ask y\r bless$ness1 mo/ holy "m1 to reg>d r my good w ?an ! result ( my ef=ts2 r ! tru? ( my words ?an ! elegance ( my language2 &1 t1 :]e ,i fail to give satisfaction1 y w excuse & =give me on acc\nt ( ! lack ( "t & ! pressure ( bus9ess4 ,we mu/ rememb] t ^! words 7 utt]$ by ! successor ( ,/4 ,francis--a man ^: reputation = le>n+ & sanctity 0 _w-wide--a man :o 0 consult$ by ,popes & ,pr9ces1 #fh ^: m]its 7 soon to raise him to ! dignity ( ! ,c>d9alate1 & ^u ^: words a few ye>s lat] ! entire ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 9 ,g5]al ,c\ncil assembl$ w\ld hang ) pr(\nd admiration4 ,su* an utt]ance gives u a bett] insight into ,bonav5ture's m9d & "* ?an pages ( indef9ite eulogy4 ,8 deep s5se ( humility sprang f 8 p]fect k ( himself4 ,he consid]$ self-k an ess5tial condition to ! acquisition ( true k ( any k9d4 ,he kn[s no?+ aright :o kn[s n himself--:o und]/&s n ! conditions ( 8 own be+4 ,h[ dang]\s x is = a religi\s s\l to be eag] to "k indiff]5t ?+s & yet neglect to le>n its own defici5cies4 ,t s\l is ne> to ru9 :i* is curi\s to "k extrane\s ?+s & prone to judge o!rs yet c>es n to "k itself4 ,ap>t f ! s5tim5t ( humility prompt+ ?is utt]ance1 :at pr(\nd wisdom does x n reveal6 ,x e/abli%es a truly gold5 rule = ! guidance ( ! s\l 9 its se>* aft] k1 secul> or spiritual4 ,x mu/ beg9 by discov]+ its own limitations & defects4 ,if x ignores ^! x _c =m a true e/imate ( any?+4 ,?is tru? 0 utt]$ by our ,sa9t six hundr$ ye>s ago & x is /range to he> x re-e*o$ 9 our own day "u totally diff]5t circum/ances4 ,m5 ( sci5ce1 on purely rational gr\nds1 are rev]t+ to ! advice giv5 by ,bonav5ture & are #fi deprecat+ ! consequ5ces ( hav+ hi!rto m or less ignor$ x4 ,our k ( ?+s di/9ct f ourselves mu/ be modifi$ & v]ifi$ by our k ( ! means by :i* x is acquir$4 ,! int5sity ( ,bonav5ture's humility is evid5c$ by ! fact t :]eas 8 biograph]s seem to h ov]look$ 8 o!r virtues1 !y h left on record sev]al in/ances ( 8 humility4 ,! foll[+ incid5t relat$ ,footnote #ca by ,wadd+ is t\*+ 9 its simplicity3-- ,footnote #ca3 ,annals1 ,tom4 ,,iv1 ,anno #abfi4 ,,no4#e4 ,z ,bonav5ture 0 on 8 way to ! ,g5]al ,*apt] ( ,assisi1 x happ5$ t a poor spiritually afflict$ ,bro!r1 nam$ ,fulg9as1 0 v desir\s ( speak+ to him b c\ld n d s because ( ! numb]s t surr\nd$ him & engag$ 8 att5tion4 ,! poor ,bro!r w5t along 9 advance ( ! ,sa9t until he came almo/ to ! walls ( ,assisi & !re await$ him4 ,on 8 approa* he cri$ out3 ',rev]5d ,fa!r1 ,i %\ld l v mu* to speak ) y = my consolation1 & ,i humbly besee* y n to despise y\r poor subject ?\gh he is b5ea? notice'4 ,bonav5ture imm$iately left ! company t surr\nd$ him & seat+ himself on ! gr\nd beside ! poor ,bro!r1 li/5$ ) great pati5ce & k9dness to 8 long & t$i\s recital1 & consol$ him ) mu* compassion & sympa?y4 ,8 #gj companions1 impati5t at 8 long abs5ce1 express$ _! disapproval ( 8 action4 ,b he said3 ',i c\ld n d o!rwise4 ,i am ! m9i/] & s]vant--! poor ,bro!r my "l & ma/]4 ,i (t5 recall ^? words ( ! ,rule3 ',let ! ,m9i/]s receive ! ,bro!rs *>itably & k9dly1 & %[ !mselves s famili> t[>ds !m t !y 7! ,bro!rs7 may speak & act ) !m l ma/]s ) _! s]vants4' ,i1 be+ ! s]vant1 %\ld obey ! w ( my ma/] & solace ! mis]y ( t poor suff]]4 ,?is o!r anecdote illu/rates ?is virtue ( humility q z =cibly1 & has ! advantage ( be+ m au!ntic4 ,salimb5e1 ,footnote #cb a contempor>y *ronicl]1 is our au?ority4 ,bro!r ,m>k1 he wrote1 0 my special fri5d1 & to su* a degree did he love ,bro!r ,bonav5ture1 t he w\ld frequ5tly bur/ into te>s on recall+ 7aft] 8 fa!r's dea?7 ! le>n+ & heav5ly graces t _h cr[n$ 8 life4 ,:5 ,bro!r ,bonav5ture1 ! ,m9i/]-,g5]al1 0 ab\t to prea* to ! cl]gy1 ?is same bro!r ,m>k w\ld say to him3 ',y are inde$ a hirel+1' or1 ',on =m] occasions y h prea*$ )\t kn[+ precisely :at y 7 talk+ ab\t4 ,i s9c]ely hope y are n go+ to d t n[4' ,bro!r ,m>k act$ ?us to incite ! ,g5]al to m pa9/ak+ ef=ts4 ,8 depreciation 0 m]ely #ga affect$ & 9 no way g5u9e1 = ,m>k report$ all ! s]mons ( 8 ma/] & treasur$ !m greatly4 ,bro!r ,bonav5ture rejoic$ at 8 fri5d's reproa*es1 & t = five reasons4 ,fir/1 because 8 0 a k9dly-he>t$ & long-suff]+ "*2 secondly1 because ?us he c\ld imitate 8 bless$ ,fa!r ,francis2 ?irdly1 because x %[$ h[ loyally ,m>k 0 devot$ to him2 f\r?ly1 because x af=d$ him ! means ( avoid+ va+lory2 la/ly1 because x incit$ him to m c>eful prep>ation4 ,footnote #cb3 ,*ronica1 p4 #ach4 ,= a m9d s p[]ful1 s enlight5$1 ( su* p]fect equilibrium & s\nd judgm5t1 humility 0 ! only possible attitude4 ,pride is ! accompanim5t ( a weak m9d or an uns\nd judgm5t4 ,x is bas$ ^u a notion s palpably false & unwor?y z to be inadmissible to a p[]ful m9d4 ,! pr\d man attributes to himself :at he does n possess1 or he fails to see t :at he does possess is limit$ & imp]fect1 & t x is attributable r to ! ,au?or ( 8 be+ ?an to himself4 ,consequ5tly1 he does n p]ceive h[ s5seless x is to glory 9 x or to despise 8 neighb\r because he lacks x4 ,! m a man kn[s1 h[ev]1 ! humbl] he is2 because ! v greatness ( 8 k only wid5s ! ext5t ( 8 outlook into ! b\ndless sph]e ( tru? t surr\nds him1 & :i* he feels he _c explore4 ,9 keep+ ) 8 _s ( humility our ,sa9t #gb %unn$ hon\rs ( e k9d4 ,he /eadfa/ly refus$ ! ,ar*bi%opric ( ,york to :i* he 0 appo9t$ by ,clem5t ,,iv41 & :5 t ,pope1 to secure m effectively 8 invaluable s]vices = ! ,*ur*1 insi/$ on mak+ him ,c>d9al1 ! envoys :o br\ght him ! ,c>d9al's hat f\nd him wa%+ ! di%es ( ! mona/]y--nor w\ld he receive x be=e he _h f9i%$ 8 m5ial task4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,love ,,( ,,god4 ,! ,love ( ,god is ! p]fection ( ! int]ior life4 ,x is ?is :i* unites ! s\l ) ,god1 & ! m int5se x is1 ! clos] is ! union & ! great] ! consequ5t p]fection4 ,x is ! cr[n &1 consummation ( all ! virtues4 ,:]e x exi/s we %all1 z a matt] ( consequ5ce1 f9d all ! o!r virtues2 & to describe x is implicitly to portray !m all4 ,h5ce1 :5 we %all h treat$ ( ,/4 ,bonav5ture's love = ,god1 we %all consid] ourselves absolv$ f ! necessity ( discuss+ 8 o!r virtues1 especially z !re is su* a sc>city ( data to lay "u contribution4 ,& ev5 conc]n+ ! virtue "u consid]ation1 we mu/ be cont5t ) review+ ! ,sa9t's tea*+ ^u x4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,papal ,envoy pres5t+ ,/4 ,bonav5ture ) ! ,c>d9al's hat4 #ge ,none realiz$ bett] ?an ,bonav5ture ! supremacy ( *>ity4 ,*>ity alone1 he writes1 ,footnote #cc r5d]s u pleas+ to ,god4 ,( all ! virtues *>ity alone makes its possessor weal?y & bless$4 ,if x is abs5t1 9 va9 are all ! o!r virtues pres5t2 if only x be pres5t1 all is pres5t--= :oso possesses x possesses ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,if virtue con/itute ! bless$ life--virtue1 ,i %\ld add1 is no?+ else b ! highe/ love ( ,god4 ,s9ce *>ity is s excell5t x mu/ be insi/$ ^u beyond all ! o!r virtues4 ,nor ought any k9d ( *>ity to be consid]$ suffici5t b t alone by :i* we love ,god above all ?+s & our neighb\r z ourselves = ,god's sake4 ,! ,sa9t insi/s1 p>ticul>ly1 on ! exclusive nature ( ! love ( ,god4 ,no int]e/ 9 creatures & no affection = !m %\ld be all[$ to int]f]e ) x4 ,we %\ld love ,god1 he says1 ) ! :ole he>t1 ! :ole m9d & ! :ole s\l4 ,to love any?+ n 9 ,god & = ,god is to be want+ 9 ,8 love4 ,he quotes ) approval ! rem>kable utt]ance ( ,/4 ,augu/9e3 ,he love? ,!e less1 ,o ,"l6 :o love? any?+ along ) ,!e :i* he does n love because ( ,!e4 ,he assigns z ! pro( ( p]fect love will+ness to lay d[n "o's life = ,god3 ,we love ,god ) our :ole s\l :5 = ! love ( ,jesus ,*ri/ we freely expose ourselves to dea? #gf :5 circum/ances dem& x4 ,to love ,god ) our :ole m9d is to be ev] m9dful ( ,him1 to love ,him unceas+ly & )\t =getfulness or neglect4 ,su* is ! sub/ance ( ,bonav5ture's g5]al tea*+s on *>ity4 ,footnote #cc3 ,op]a ,omnia1 ,tom4 ,,viii1 ,de ,p]fectione ,vitae1 ,cap4 ,,vii1 p4 #abd4 ,else:]e 9 8 treatise1 ,! ,triple ,way1 or ! ,fire ( ,love1 he treats ( ! subject m 9 detail4 ,he writes1 no d\bt1 f ! fulness ( 8 he>t & describes1 ! love :i* dom9at$ 8 own s\l4 ,he di/+ui%es ,footnote #cd six /ages or degrees ( p]fect *>ity4 ,footnote #cd3 ,op]a ,omnia1 ,tom4 ,,viii1 ,de ,triplici ,via1 ,cap4 ,,ii1 ,sec4#d1 p4 #aj4 ,! fir/ /age is t ( sweetness :5 ! s\l le>ns to ta/e & see h[ sweet ! ,"l is4 ,! second consi/s 9 ! ye>n+ ( ! s\l = ,god4 ,hav+ become accu/om$ to spiritual sweetness1 x is fill$ ) a long+ :i* no?+ save ! p]fect possession ( t :i* x loves c satisfy4 ,& z ?is _c be atta9$ to "h bel[ ! s\l is cont9ually transport$ out ( itself by ec/atic love1 & exclaims 9 ! words ( ! ,psalmi/3 ,z ! h>t pante? aft] ! f\nta9s ( wat]1 s my s\l pante? aft] ,!e1 ,o ,god6 7,ps4 ,,xli4 #b74 ,! ?ird degree is satiety :i* succe$s to ! ye>n+ j describ$4 ,z ! s\l mo/ vehem5tly desires ,god & is lift$ up t[>ds ,him1 ev]y?+ t t5ds to hold x d[n becomes di/a/eful to x4 ,x c f9d no pleasure 9 #gg any?+ save its belov$4 ,x is l "o ^: appetite has be5 fully appeas$3 if he attempt to take m food x produces disgu/ r ?an pleasure4 ,su* is ! attitude ( ! s\l at ?is /age t[>ds all e>?ly ?+s4 ,! f\r? degree is t ( spiritual inebriation :i* foll[s ^u ! a=esaid satiety4 ,inebriation consi/s 9 ?is3 ,! s\l's love = ,god is s great t n only does x reject all com=t & pleasure b x delights 9 suff]+4 ,= its consolation x embraces pa91 &1 z ! ,apo/le did ( old1 x rejoices 9 reproa*es & sc\rg+s & torm5ts = ! love ( its belov$4 ,! fif? degree ( p]fect *>ity is security4 ,:5 ! s\l realizes t x loves ,god s greatly t x w\ld will+ly be> e pa9 & opprobrium = ,him1 x conceives su* confid5ce 9 ! div9e assi/ance t x ca/s out all fe> & assures itself t x c nev] by any means be sep>at$ f ,god4 ,! ,apo/le _h rea*$ ?is /age :5 he exclaim$3 ,:o %all sep>ate me f ! love ( ,*ri/8 ,i am c]ta9 t nei!r life nor dea? c sep>ate u f ! love ( ,god :i* is 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus our ,"l4 ,! six? & la/ degree is f\nd 9 true & p]fect tranquillity1 :]e9 su* peace & quiet reign t ! s\l appe>s to lie 9 peaceful slumb] f :i* !re is no?+ to di/urb x4 ,= :at c di/urb ! s\l :i* no movem5t ( passion assails & no pang ( fe> disquiets8 #gh ,9 su* a s\l peace & quiet reign4 ,x has rea*$ ! f9al /age--,8 place is 9 peace4 ,x is impossible to rea* su* p]fect tranquillity save by p]fect *>ity4 ,:5 ?is is atta9$ x is v easy = a man to fulfil all t app]ta9s to p]fection--:e!r x be to d or to suff]1 to live or to die4 ,"h inde$ we h disclos$ to u ! dizzie/ heights ( spiritual p]fection4 ,no m intimate union ) ,god c we conceive1 & yet may we n ju/ly conjecture t x is a fai?ful portrayal ( ! p]sonal exp]i5ce ( ! ,sa9t himself4 ,! title ( ,s]aphic ,doctor be/[$ ^u ,bonav5ture is an und5iable tribute to 8 all-absorb+ love = ,god4 ,to ! m9ds ( 8 contempor>ies1 impregnat$ ) ! my/icism & sup]natural atmosph]e ( ! ,middle ,ages1 ! _s t brea!d 9 8 writ+s seem$ to f9d its p>allel only 9 ! lives ( ^? heav5ly be+s--! ,s]aphim--^: exi/5ce is depict$ z l to a gl[+ flame ( div9e love4 ,fur!rmore1 9 8 utt]ances conc]n+ ! work+s ( ! s\l 9 pray]1 !re is :at ,i consid] a v /rik+ revelation ( ! int5sity ( ,bonav5ture's love = ,god4 ,x is ! love ( ,god t vivifies pray]4 ,pray] is m or less p]fect accord+ to ! *>ity t reigns 9 ! s\l--x rea*es its highe/ p]fection :]e love is all-p]vad+4 ,!n we look = raptures & ec/asies su* z m>k$ ! lives ( ! greate/ sa9ts4 #gi ,bonav5ture's reflections on pray] imply ?is mo/ burn+ love4 ,! foll[+ utt]ances1 ,footnote #ce ( :i* ,i give ! sub/ance1 are cle>ly indicative ( ?is4 ,footnote #ce3 ,op]a ,omnia1 ,tom4 ,,viii1 ,de ,p]fectione ,vitae1 ,cap4 ,v1 passim4 ,9 pray] we mu/ ent] ) ! ,belov$ into ! *amb] ( ! he>t & !re rema9 alone ) ,him4 ,we mu/ =get all ext]nal ?+s1 & ) our :ole he>t & all our m9d & all our affections & desires endeav\r to lift our s\ls up to ,god4 ,we %\ld endeav\r by ! ard\r ( our devotion to m\nt high] & high] until we ent] ev5 into ! heav5ly c\rt1 & !re ) ! eyes ( ! s\l hav+ caught sight ( our ,belov$1 & hav+ ta/$ h[ sweet ! ,"l is1 we %\ld ru% into ,8 embrace1 kiss+ ,him ) ! lips ( t5d]e/ devotion4 ,?us are we c>ri$ out ( ourselves1 rapt up to ,heav51 & z x 71 trans=m$ into ,*ri/4 ,! ,sa9t proce$s to expla9 h[ ! ec/atic /ate is rea*$4 ,x sometimes happ5s1 he says1 t ! m9d is rapt out ( itself :5 we are s inflam$ ) heav5ly desires t ev]y?+ e>?ly becomes di/a/eful1 & ! fire ( div9e love burns beyond measure1 s t ! s\l melts l wax1 & is dissolv$--asc5d+ up be=e ! ?rone ( ,god l ! fumes ( fragrant inc5se4 ,aga91 x sometimes arrives t ! s\l is s flood$ ) div9e light & ov]:elm$ by ! vision ( ,god's beauty t x is /rick5 ) #hj bewild]m5t & dislodg$ f its be>+s4 ,& ! deep] x s9ks d[n by self-abasem5t 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god's beauty1 l a /reak ( lightn+1 ! quick] x is caught up & rapt out ( itself4 ,f9ally1 x occurs t ! s\l inebriat$ by ! fulness ( int]ior sweetness utt]ly =gets :at x is & :at x has be51 & is transport$ into a /ate ( ineffable beatitude & entirely p]meat$ ) uncreat$ love4 ,x is =c$ to cry out ) ! ,prophet3 ',h[ lovely are ,?y tab]nacles1 ,o ,"l ( ,ho/s4 ,my s\l longe? & fa9te? = ! ,c\rts ( ! ,"l4 ,my he>t & my fle% h rejoic$ 9 ! liv+ ,god' 7,ps4 ,,lxxxiii474 ,effusions su* z ^! assur$ly give u an insight into ! extraord9>y love t burn$ 9 ! s\l ( ,bonav5ture4 ,f ! spiritual tepidity t oppresses u we c only contemplate x ) wi/ful admiration4 ,x proves to u inde$ h[ wond]ful is ,god 9 ,8 ,sa9ts1 & h[ pr(\ndly & intimately ,he influ5ces ! he>ts ( ,8 *os5 ones & atta*es !m insep>ably to ,himself4 ,x w be fitt+ to br+ ?is *apt] to a close by quot+1 z outside te/imony1 ! tribute :i* ,c>d9al ,wiseman paid ,footnote #cf to ?is feature ( our ,sa9t's life4 ,!re is ano!r writ] ^u ?is inexhau/ible subject1 said ,8 ,em95ce1 :o m ?an any o!r w ju/ify all t ,i h #ha said2 &1 moreov]1 prove ! influ5ce :i* ^! fe/ivals ( ! ,passion may ex]cise ^u ! habitual feel+s ( a ,*ri/ian4 ,i speak ( ! exquisite m$itations ( ,/4 ,bonav5ture ^u ! life ( ,*ri/1 a "w 9 :i* x is difficult :at mo/ to admire1 ! ri*es ( imag9ation surpass$ by no poet1 or ! t5d]ness ( s5tim5t1 or ! v>iety ( adaptation4 ,aft] hav+ l$ u ?r\gh ! affect+ incid5ts ( ,our ,savi\r's infancy & life1 & br\ght u to ! la/ mov+ sc5es1 8 /eps become sl[] f ! v>iety ( 8 beautiful b melan*oly fancies2 he n[ proce$s1 n f ye> to ye>1 or f mon? to mon?1 or f day to day1 b ea* h\r has its m$itations1 & e act ( ! la/ trag$y af=ds him matt] = pa!tic imag9ation4 ,b :5 at ! conclusion1 he comes to propose to u ! me?od ( practis+ 8 holy contemplations1 he s di/ributes !m1 t f ,monday to ,w$nesday %all embrace ! :ole1 ( ,our ,savi\r's life2 b f ,?ursday to ,sunday inclusive ea* day %all be entirely tak5 up ) ! my/]y :i* ! ,*ur* 9 ,holy ,week has allott$ to x4 ,9 ?is mann] did he1 ) _m o!rs1 ext5d ?r\gh\t ! :ole ye> ! solemn commemorations ( ,holy ,week1 = ! promotion ( individual devotion & sanctification1 ev5 z ! ,*ur* _h done = ! public welf>e4 ,footnote #cf3 ,f\r ,lectures on ! ,(fices & ,c]emonies ( ,holy ,week4 ,lecture ! ,f\r?4 #hb ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,ar*bi%opric ,,( ,,york4 ,9 a previ\s *apt] ref]5ce 0 made to ,/4 ,bonav5ture's appo9tm5t to ! ,ar*iepiscopal ,see ( ,york4 ,x occurr$ 9 ! ye> #abfe4 ,! ,see ( ,york _h be5 r5d]$ vacant by ! dea? ( ,bi%op ,godfrey de ,k9ton1 or ,william ,ludham--x is n c]ta9 :i* ( ^! two prelates imm$iately prec$$ ,bonav5ture's appo9tm5t4 ,! ,engli% *ronicl]s d n ref] to our ,sa9t's nom9ation4 ,! fact may nev] h come to _! k1 or _! sil5ce may be acc\nt$ = by _! opposition to =eign appo9tm5ts4 ,! epo* 0 "o ( ! mo/ tr\bl\s 9 ! hi/ory ( ,engl&4 ,! c\ntry 0 9 ! ?roes ( ! civil w> k9dl$ by ! revolt ( ! ,e>l ( ,leice/] aga9/ ,h5ry ,,iii4 ,! p>tial success ( ! ,e>l & ! captivity ( ,h5ry mov$ ,pope ,urban to int]v5e4 ,he despat*$ ,c>d9al ,guido to ,engl& z 8 legate1 b ! latt] hav+ be5 ?reat5$ ) dea? if he d>$ to set foot 9 ! c\ntry1 rema9$ 9 ,france4 ,8 mission 0 a failure4 ,aft] a %ort delay1 & "s ineffectual negotiations1 he return$ to ,rome1 :]e %ortly aft]w>ds he 0 rais$ to ! ,papacy4 ,x 0 ?is ,pontiff :o appo9t$ ,bonav5ture to ! ,see ( ,york4 ,he 0 ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! di/urb$ /ate ( ! c\ntry #hc & knew full well ! manifold & s]i\s difficulties :i* w\ld beset ! occupant ( s important a ,see4 ,9 ! ,bull ( appo9tm5t he makes p>ticul> ref]5ce to ?is4 ,he besee*es ! ,sa9t to att5d dilig5tly to ! ne$s ( ! ,*ur* & to "w = ! peace & welf>e ( ! ,k+dom sorely di/urb$ & convuls$ by ! /orms ( civil /rife4 ,! condition ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,engl& 0 n m satisfactory ?an t ( ! ,/ate4 ,x 0 depriv$ ( ! lib]ty necess>y = its g5u9e welf>e4 ,9 ! ye> #abfa1 we he> ! ,bi%ops ( ,engl&1 9 ,c\ncil at ,lambe?1 bewail+ ! violation ( ! ,*ur*'s rights :i* !y ass]t$ 7 trampl$ "u foot4 ,!y enum]at$ ! foll[+ abuses :i* commonly prevail$3 ! undue int]f]5ce ( ! civil p[] 9 ecclesia/ical matt]s2 ! intrusion by secul> au?ority ( incumb5ts into b5efices2 ! unju/ & viol5t seizure ( ,*ur* prop]ty & ! goods ( ! cl]gy2 ! pret5sion ( ! ,cr[n to ! "r ( patronage 9 all ! m important b5efices2 f9ally1 ! plurality ( b5efices1 & ! t5ure ( b5efices by =eign ecclesia/ics4 ,no soon] 0 ! ,papal ,bull deliv]$ to ,bonav5ture ?an he ha/5$ to ,p]ugia1 :]e ! ,pope 0 resid+1 & bes\ght him n to impose ^u him s weighty a responsibility4 ,we "k n :at reasons he adduc$1 b !y mu/ h be5 v p[]ful to ov]come ! ,pope's #hd resolution & turn him f 8 purpose1 = he seems to h *os5 ,bonav5ture aft] ! fulle/ delib]ation & to h be5 v int5t ^u 8 accept+ ! dignity4 ,x appe>s t ! ,*apt] ( ,york _h *os5 its ,dean z ,ar*bi%op1 b ! ,pope refus$ to ratify ! election1 decl>+ t on ! pres5t occasion he res]v$ to himself ! "r ( appo9tm5t4 ,9 ! ,bull :i* he issu$ to our ,sa9t1 ,footnote #cg he says3-- ,footnote #cg3 ,cf4 ,wadd+1 ,anno #abfe4 ,no4 #ad4 ,we h long consid]$ ?is appo9tm5t4 ,we h giv5 x our pr(\nd & c>eful att5tion4 ,our m9d has long be5 occupi$ ) x 9 all its be>+s4 ,! welf>e ( a ,*ur* s great & hon\rable1 ( a daught] s noble & s devot$ to ! ,apo/olic ,see1 ( a ,ca?olic ,k+dom s r5[n$ z ,engl& & s de> to ! ,roman ,see--! welf>e ( a ,*ur* s amply end[$ & enjoy+ ,ar*iepiscopal dignity fills u ) deepe/ solicitude4 ,x has ar\s$ our anxiety1 increas$ our vigilance & int5sifi$ our delib]ation4 ,we h /udi$ m intimately1 & consid]$ m c>efully1 all t 9 ?is election might make = ! great] welf>e ( ! ,*ur*1 ( ! ,apo/olic ,see1 & ( ! entire ,k+dom4 ,we h /riv5 by e means 9 our p[] to f9d a wor?y man--"o devot$ to ! ,apo/olic ,see & suit$ to ! wants ( ! a=esaid ,*ur* & zeal\s = ! peace & welf>e ( ! ,k+dom--a man conspicu\s = virtue1 r5[n$ = #he le>n+1 rem>kable = =esight--a man :om ! ,"l might love1 9 ^: goodness ,he might dwell--a man ^: good de$s r5d] him wor?y ( imitation1 by :om ! ,ca?olic flock z by a %9+ light may be l$ to salvation4 ,seek+ = su* an "o we h fix$ our *oice on !e--our m9d has re/$ ^u !e ) entire satisfaction4 ,= we behold 9 !e religi\s f]v\r1 c&\r ( life1 irreproa*able conduct1 r5[n$ le>n+1 prud5t =esight1 s]i\s gravity4 ,we see t ?\ ha/ s long & s laudably presid$ ov] ?9e ,ord]1 & fulfill$ s fai?fully ! (fice ( ,m9i/]-,g5]al--ex]cis+ x prud5tly & pr(itably = ! great] hon\r & welf>e ( ! ,ord]1 /riv+ to live innoc5tly "u regul> obs]vance1 %[+ ?yself peaceful & lovable to all4 ,:]e=e1 we are fully conv9c$ t we see 9 !e :at we desire = ! welf>e ( ! said ,*ur*1 ! ,apo/olic ,see & ! entire ,k+dom4 ,by our ,apo/olic au?ority1 !re=e1 we make provision = ! a=esaid ,*ur* ?r\gh !e1 & con/itute !e its ,ar*bi%op & ,pa/or1 absolv+ !e f ! (fice ( ,m9i/]-,g5]al & transf]r+ !e to ! said ,*ur*1 grant+ !e free lic5ce to g ?i!r4 ,!re=e we exhort1 admoni%1 affectionately entreat1 & /rictly comm& !e by virtue ( holy ob$i5ce n to resi/ ! ,div9e ,w1 nor to oppose any ob/acle nor delay to our comm&1 b humbly to submit to ! call ( ,heav5 & accept ! burd5 plac$ ^u !e by ,god4 #hf ,und\bt$ly1 only ! grave/ reasons c\ld h induc$ ,bonav5ture to resi/ s urg5t an appeal ( ! ,vic> ( ,*ri/4 ,:at !y 7 we d n "k1 & x is useless to ent] ^u conjectures4 ,! incid5t %[s u ! extraord9>y e/eem 9 :i* our ,sa9t 0 held1 & x also gives u an insight into ! deep solicitude ) :i* ! ,popes 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury wat*$ ov] ! int]e/s ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,engl&4 ,! action ( ! ,roman ,pontiffs 9 appo9t+ =eign ecclesia/ics to ,engli% ,sees has be5 sev]ely condemn$ by ,prote/ant hi/orians1 b anyone read+ ! ,bull ( ,bonav5ture's appo9tm5t mu/ confess t !y took ! greate/ c>e to select wor?y & suitable c&idates4 ,hav+ succe$$ 9 obta9+ ! revocation ( 8 appo9tm5t1 our ,sa9t w5t to ,p>is1 :]e he rema9$ tea*+ & att5d+ to ! affairs ( ! ,ord] until ! ye> #abfi1 :5 he celebrat$ ! ,g5]al ,*apt] at ,assisi4 ,return+ aga9 to ,p>is he devot$ himself to 8 writ+s1 lectures1 s]mons & m9i/]ial duties1 until #abga1 :5 at ,vit]bo he play$ a mo/ important "p 9 a v memorable ev5t4 ,on ! dea? ( ,clem5t ,,iv4 7#abfh71 ! ,c>d9als 7 s hopelessly divid$ 9 _! op9ions t = ne>ly ?ree ye>s !y 7 unable to agree 9 ! *oice ( a successor4 ,9 ! ye> j m5tion$ !y 7 assembl$ at ,vit]bo4 ,six c&idates 71 be=e !m = election & !re seem$ b little *ance #hg ( arriv+ at any decision4 ,bonav5ture's reputation 0 s great t ! ,c>d9als s\ght 8 s]vices1 &1 accord+ to "o *ronicl]1 ,footnote #ch emp[]$ him to nom9ate himself or any o!r to ! ,papal ,see1 promis+ at ! same "t to ratify 8 selection4 ,he nom9at$ ,!obald ( ,piac5za1 a mo/ wor?y man :o 0 at t "t ,legate 9 ,syria4 ,! ,c>d9als acquiesc$ 9 8 *oice & ! new ,pope took ! "n ( ,gregory ,x4 ,?is incid5t mu/ be reg>d$ z q au!ntic1 = ref]5ce is made to x 9 ! process ( our ,sa9t's canonization4 ,t ! ,c>d9als s]i\sly au?oriz$ him to nom9ate himself is ! only item conc]n+ :i* a d\bt may be rais$4 ,to "s writ]s x seems too improbable on ! face ( x1 & !y refuse to admit x4 ,footnote #ch3 ,b>?olomew ( ,pisa1 ,con=mities1 ,lib4 ,i4 ,con=m4 #h4 ,p>s4 #b4 ,! election ( ,gregory ex]cis$ an un=ese5 influ5ce on ,bonav5ture's c>e]4 ,! new ,pope arriv$ at ,vit]bo 9 #abgb1 & proce$$ to ,rome1 :]e he 0 solemnly cr[n$ 9 ! ye> #abgc4 ,full ( admiration = our ,sa9t & repos+ ! greate/ confid5ce 9 8 wisdom1 he desir$ to avail himself ( 8 c\nsel 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,*ur*4 ,accord+ly he summon$ him to ,rome & confid$ to him ! transaction ( _m important matt]s4 ,among/ ^! 0 ! selection ( ,legates to und]take ! reconciliation #hh ( ! ,greeks & ,t>t>s to ! ,lat9 ,*ur*4 ,h[ev]1 8 /ay 9 ,rome 0 n ( long duration1 = 9 ! same ye>1 #abgc1 he 0 back aga9 9 ,p>is att5d+ to 8 m9i/]ial duties & work+ = ! fulfilm5t ( a v important commission entru/$ to him by ! ,pope4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,miscellane\s ,,anecdotes ,,( ,,! ,,sa9t4 ,be=e we pass on to ,/4 ,bonav5ture's elevation to ! ,c>d9alate x w be wor? :ile to ga!r "u "o head+ su* scatt]$ memories ( him z h be5 pres]v$1 & :i* %$ additional light on 8 life & "*4 ,^! are associat$ *iefly ) ! ,fr5* ,k+ ,/4 ,l\is ,,ix41 & ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as4 ,z ! sa9t$ ,franciscan ,g5]al liv$ almo/ ?irty-two ye>s at ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is1 x 0 b natural he %\ld come into close relation%ip ) ! equally sa9t$ ,k+ ( ,france4 ,k+ ,l\is di$ #be ,augu/1 #abgj1 & at ! second *apt] ( ,pisa1 held 9 #abgb1 ,/4 ,bonav5ture introduc$ into ! ,ord] ! solemn annual celebration ( ! day ( 8 dea?4 ,m9dful ( 8 old-"t fri5d%ip1 our ,sa9t secur$ ?is fav\r f ,gregory ,x1 z ! fir/ act ( grace on ! occasion ( 8 coronation4 ,! foll[+ incid5t reveals ! unres]ve #hi ) :i* ,l\is ,,ix4 confid$ 9 8 ,franciscan fri5d4 ,on ! dea? ( 8 elde/ son1 ! ,fr5* ,k+1 9 spite ( ! great love he _h ev] borne him1 0 ?or\ghly resign$ to :at he recogniz$ z ! w ( ,god4 ,he told ,/4 ,bonav5ture t s9ce ,god _h will$ ! heir app>5t %\ld die he himself w\ld n1 ev5 if he c\ld1 h 8 son live4 ,sire1 our ,sa9t made answ]1 h[ c t be8 ,/4 ,l\is repli$1 ,i believe & ,i "k t su* 0 ! w ( ,god4 ,see+ t x is ,god's w1 on no acc\nt ought ,i to w ! contr>y2 r ought ,i *e]fully to accept ,god's good pleasure & n prove disloyal to ,8 supreme w4 ,h[ mu* ,i suff]1 he cont9u$1 y c sc>cely cr$it4 ,yet ?\gh ,i feel ?is loss s ke5ly1 ,i mu/ =ce myself n to manife/ x4 ,z he said1 s he did1 z ! :ole nation 0 witness4 ,on ano!r occasion ! ,k+ told ,/4 ,bonav5ture t someone _h approa*$ him say+1 ,! ,"l our ,god has ?ree cr[ns1 "o ( gold1 "o ( ?orns & ! o!r incorruptible--! cr[n ( ,et]nal ,life4 ,two ( ^! ,he has be/[$ on y4 ,i e>ne/ly recomm5d y1 h[ev]1 t aft] ! example ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 y /rive to acquire by y\r good works ! cr[n ( ,et]nal ,life4 ,:at w ! two cr[ns y h avail y1 if y secure n ! ?ird8 ,n[ x seems to me1 0 ! pi\s ,k+'s comm5t1 t he spoke ) v mu* wisdom4 #ij ,8 words ent]$ my v he>t4 ,?is lesson1 our ,sa9t adds1 he also impress$ on 8 c\rt4 ,/4 ,l\is once s\ght ,/4 ,bonav5ture's op9ion on an ab/ruse philosophic-!ological "q4 ,may a man1 qu]i$ ! ,k+1 *oose r to be annihilat$ ?an to rema9 9 ev]la/+ torm5ts8 or ought he to pref] et]nal torture to non-exi/5ce8 ,sire1 answ]$ ,bonav5ture1 endless torm5ts presuppose s9 & ,god's undy+ wra? aga9/ s92 & z no "o may *oose to rema9 = ev] at enmity ) ,god1 non-exi/5ce is to be pref]r$ to endless suff]+4 ,i hold ) ,bro!r ,bonav5ture1 ! pi\s ,k+ exclaim$4 ,!n turn+ to 8 c\rti]s he cont9u$1 ,i assure y ,i w\ld f> r cease to exi/2 ,i w\ld f> r suff] annihilation1 ?an live = ev]1 ev5 9 ?is _w1 reign+ ev5 z ,i n[ reign1 & yet )al rema9 9 p]petual enmity ) my ,god4 ,a fur!r incid5t reveals a /ill m intimate int]*ange ( ideas4 ,! ,k+ once came to ,bonav5ture & said to him3 ,! ,que5 is greatly di/urb$ because %e he>s t our son ,pet] wi%es to jo9 ! ,franciscan ,ord]4 ,i said to h]1 ',d n tr\ble & d n all[ ! affair to weigh on y\r m9d4 ,besides1 y may m5tion ! matt] s (t5 t ! y\? may come by ! desire ( jo9+ ! ,ord]4 ,p]sonally ,i feel assur$ t ! love ,bro!r ,bonav5ture1 _! ,g5]al1 be>s me w n all[ him #ia to receive our son )\t my be+ =ew>n$4' ,did ,i n speak ! tru?1 ,bro!r ,bonav5ture8 ,to ?is our ,sa9t made answ]1 ,sire1 if y\r son comes to me on ?is matt]1 ,i %all ref] to y & lay ! responsibility on y\r %\ld]s4 ,no1 ,bro!r ,bonav5ture1 repli$ ,k+ ,l\is1 t w\ld n d4 ,i %\ld n l to h x on my consci5ce t ,i /ood 9 ! way ( my son's foll[+ ! voice ( ,god4 ,pi\s & holy ,k+6 ! n>rative concludes1 8 s\l 0 s holy & s giv5 to ,god1 he pref]r$ to be depriv$ ( 8 son's society r ?an )draw t son f ! s]vice ( ,god4 ,9 ! f\rte5? c5tury ,,mss4 f :i* ! previ\s incid5ts are drawn1 & :i* are pres]v$ 9 ! ,vatican ,libr>y1 ! foll[+ episode is f\nd4 ,we ins]t x1 ?\gh hi/orically x is n beyond "q4 ,! bro!r ( ,/4 ,bonav5ture once bes\ght our ,sa9t to use 8 influ5ce ) ,/4 ,l\is on 8 behalf4 ,d y wi% me to speak to ! ,k+ = y8 ask$ our ,sa9t4 ,h[ c\ld ,i exhort & induce o!rs to ! contempt ( ! _w & ! embrac+ ( ! ,religi\s ,life1 if ,i int]e/$ myself on y\r worldly behalf3 if1 by procur+ y :at y desire1 ,i af=d$ y ! occasion ( rema9+ 9 ! lay /ate & ( lov+ ! _w8 ,9 ! c\rse ( ?is biography we h allud$ casually to ! intimate fri5d%ip :i* exi/$ betwe5 ,/4 ,bonav5ture & ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as4 #ib ,!re is an acc\nt ( a holy rivalry ( mode/ c\rtesy :i* took place betwe5 !m :5 !y 7 bo? to receive ! degree ( ,doctor at ! ,p>is ,univ]sity4 ,/4 ,?omas c\ld n be br\ght to take prec$5ce ( our ,sa9t3 :il/ ,bonav5ture1 true to ! "n ( ,fri> ,m9or1 %rank f ! ?\ght ( anticipat+ ,/4 ,?omas4 ,:at !y 7 unable to arrange betwe5 !mselves 0 settl$ = !m by _! fri5ds4 ,x 0 ?us f9ally det]m9$ t ,bonav5ture1 z be+ some:at old]1 %\ld be ! fir/ to occupy ! place ( hon\r4 ,:5 our ,sa9t _h be5 adorn$ ) ! insignia ( 8 new degree1 he 0 conduct$ to 8 place among/ ! ,ma/]s ( ,div9ity1 :5ce he witness$ ,/4 ,?omas pass+ triumphantly ?r\gh ! ordeal f :i* he himself _h j em]g$ ) cr$it4 ,on a subsequ5t occasion1 h[ev]1 x 0 ,/4 ,?omas' turn to be wor/$ 9 a simil> conte/ ( holy humility4 ,!re is a tradition to ! effect t :5 ,pope ,urban ,,iv4 0 contemplat+ to ext5d to ! :ole ,*ur* ! ,fea/ ( ,corpus ,*ri/i he commission$ ,/4 ,?omas & ,/4 ,bonav5ture to compose sep>ately a suitable ,(fice & ,mass = ! fea/4 ,:ile ! "w 0 be+ done1 ,/4 ,bonav5ture call$ ^u 8 fri5d1 & dur+ ! c\rse ( ! conv]sation took up & read t antiphon = ! ,magnificat beg9n+ ) ! words1 ,o ,sacrum ,convivium6--,o ,sacr$ ,banquet6 ,s ov]come 0 he by its dep? & #ic sweetness t he return$ home & ca/ into ! fire ! "w he himself _h be5 prep>+4 ,:atev] ! au!nticity ( ^! two episodes1 !y c]ta9ly brea! ! _s ( love & ( c\rte\s e/eem ) :i* ^! two ,sa9ts--repres5tatives ( two k9dr$ ,ord]s--7 actuat$ t[>ds ea* o!r4 ,?is is ano!r episode ( ! same holy fri5d%ip1 :i* ,wadd+ ,footnote #ci rec\nts on ! te/imony ( ,m>k ( ,lisbon4 ,z ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as 0 once wond]+ at ! v>i$ le>n+ & dep? ( insight display$ 9 8 fri5d's writ+s1 he ask$ ,/4 ,bonav5ture to %[ him ! books f :i* he _h drawn4 ,!reupon ! humble ,franciscan ,g5]al %[$ ,/4 ,?omas a ,crucifix1 & po9t+ to x exclaim$3 ,x is f ?is well-spr+ ( light & love t ,i h drawn :atev] is to be f\nd 9 my lectures or writ+s4 ,footnote #ci3 ,tom4 ,,iv1 ,anno #abfj4 ,no4 #bj4 ,! foll[+ incid5t 9 connexion ) ,/4 ,antony ( ,padua gives u an insight into ,/4 ,bonav5ture's unctu\s devotion4 ,:5 our ,sa9t 0 9 ,italy 9 ! ye> #abfc1 he presid$ ov] ! translation ( ,/4 ,antony's relics1 :i* 7 !n remov$ on #h ,april f ! humble ,*ur* :]e !y _h repos$ s9ce #abcb to ! noble ,basilica :]e !y /ill rema94 ,:5 ! lid ( ! c(f9 0 remov$ & all press$ eag]ly =w>d to gaze1 x 0 se5 t ?\gh ! fle% _h long s9ce return$ to du/1 & ev5 ! bones #id 7 fa/ crumbl+ away1 ! tongue1 :i* = #cb ye>s _h la9 "u ! e>?1 0 f\nd z fre% & ruddy z ?\gh ! ,mo/ ,bless$ ,fa!r _h di$ t self-same h\r4 ,footnote #dj ,) ! tact & eloqu5ce :i* 7 s peculi>ly 8 own1 ,bonav5ture turn$ ?is extraord9>y happ5+ to dev\t acc\nt4 ,rev]5tly tak+ ! relic into 8 h&s & kiss+ x ) t5d] devotion1 he exclaim$1 ,o ,bless$ ,tongue1 :i* 9 life did/ ev] bless ! ,"l & lead o!rs to bless ,him1 n[ do? x manife/ly appe> 9 :at high hon\r ?\ wa/ held by ,god ,himself4 ,he !n direct$ t x be pres]v$ 9 a co/ly reliqu>y1 z a special object ( v5]ation1 r ?an rema9 ) ! re/ ( ! body4 ,footnote #dj3 ,cf4 ,analecta ,franciscana1 ,tom4 ,,iii1 pp4 #cbh & #aeg4 ,!re is also record$ a qua9t & int]e/+ dialogue :i* took place betwe5 our ,sa9t & ,bro!r ,giles4 ,on "o occasion1 we read ,footnote #da 9 ! ,life ( ,bro!r ,giles commonly attribut$ to ,bro!r ,leo1 ,bro!r ,giles said to ,fri> ,bonav5ture1 ! ,m9i/]-,g5]al1 ',fa!r1 ,god has lad5 y ) _m graces4 ,b we un$ucat$ & unle>n$ m5 :o h n receiv$ ( ?is fullness1 :at %all we d to be sav$8' ,! ,g5]al made answ]1 ',did ,god conf] on man no o!r grace save only ! p[] to love ,him1 t surely w\ld suffice'4 ,!n ask$ ,bro!r ,giles1 ',c an ignorant man love ,god ev5 z c a s*ol>8' #ie ',a poor1 little1 ag$ peasant woman1' ! ,g5]al made answ]1 'c love ,god ev5 m ?an a ,ma/] 9 ,!ology4' ,!n arose ,bro!r ,giles 9 ! f]v\r ( 8 s\l1 & runn+ t[>ds t "p ( ! g>d5 ne>e/ ! highway1 cri$ al\d1 ',poor little peasant woman love ! ,"l ?y ,god1 & fooli% & ignorant z ?\ art1 ?\ maye/ be great] 9 ,8 sight ev5 ?an ,fri> ,bonav5ture'4 ,& z he ?us cri$ al\d he 0 rapt 9 ec/asy & rema9$ immovable = ! space ( ?ree h\rs4 ,footnote #da3 ,ibid4 p4 #aja4 ,!re is "o ( our ,sa9t's works :i* we mu/ n omit to m5tion1 = ?r\gh x he is closely connect$ ) an important pres5t-day feature ( ! ,*ur*'s life4 ,"s au?ors tell u t x is to ,/4 ,bonav5ture t we are indebt$ = our num]\s mod]n confrat]nities2 ei!r1 z "s say1 because he orig9at$ ! idea ( ^! pi\s societies1 or1 z o!rs hold1 because he prescrib$ = !m a def9ite =m ( pray]4 ,x is c]ta9 t our ,sa9t f\nd$ ! ,confrat]nity ( ! ,holy ,/&>d1 & did s probably ab\t ! ye> #abfd4 ,footnote #db ,! root idea ( a ,confrat]nity1 h[ev]1 exi/$ be=e ! "t ( ,/4 ,bonav5ture2 ^! pi\s societies1 9 fact1 seem b to be ! c\nt]p>t ( ^? local guilds :i* 7 e>ly e/abli%$ ov] ,europe4 ,!n an5t specific rules & pray]s1 etc41 !re are ! religi\s #if prescriptions :i* ,h9cm>1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,rheims1 drew up = 8 guild1 n to m5tion ! ,confrat]nity organiz$ by ,odo1 ,bi%op ( ,p>is1 :o di$ 9 #abjh4 ,?is ,confrat]nity ( ! ,/&>d1 h[ev]1 w\ld seem to h be5 ! fir/ introduc$ into ,rome2 & its imm$iate & ext5sive adoption ?r\gh\t ,italy may possibly expla9 h[ x came to pass t ^u ,/4 ,bonav5ture 0 fa!r$ an idea t1 probably1 0 m]ely borr[$ f ,bi%op ,odo4 ,footnote #db3 ,bull ( ,pope ,gregory ,,xiii4 ,pa/oris ,a,eterni1 #bc ,octob]1 #aegf4 ,?is ,confrat]nity ( ! ,holy ,/&>d took its "n f ! bann] :i* 0 borne at ! head ( ! ,society's processions & on :i* 0 wr\ght ! lik5ess ( ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,x 0 also kn[n z ! ,society ( ! ,proteges ( ,our ,bless$ ,lady1 = among _! insignia 0 a repres5tation ( ! "m ( ,god %ield+ h] cli5ts ) h] mantle4 ,at fir/ ! ,society embrac$ only twelve memb]s1 all ( noble bir?1 ! numb]1 x is said1 %[n to our ,sa9t 9 a vision2 soon1 h[ev]1 x grew into a l>ge & public body4 ,! di/9ctive dress ( ! association 0 a :ite habit1 to ! "r %\ld] ( :i* 0 atta*$ a blue badge on :i* a cross 0 trac$ 9 r$ & :ite4 ,?is 0 ! p]iod :5 ! ,crusades 7 k9dl+ ! ,we/ ) religi\s en?usiasm1 & x seem$ appropriate t 9 spiritual z 9 temporal w>f>e1 soldi]s %\ld be> an _! p]son ! insignia ( ! ,k+ "u ^: bann] !y 7 fight+4 #ig ,! :it5ess ( ! ,cross recall$ ! purity ( ,our ,lady2 its deep r$ col\r symboliz$ ! love ) :i* ,our ,"l pur*as$ our r$emption1 & ! he>t-felt loyalty we %\ld manife/ 9 return4 ,! aims ( ?is ,confrat]nity 7 pray]1 fa/+1 & almsde$s3 ! promotion ( peace & h>mony among citiz5s--!n s fi]cely giv5 to feuds ( civic politics2 ! procur+ ( d[ries = de/itute girls2 volunt>y s]vice to hospitals2 &1 p]haps1 *iefly1 ! ransom ( captives f ! tyranny ( ! ,s>ac5s4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,c>d9alate4 ,soon aft] 8 election to ! ,papacy1 ,gregory ,x4 decid$ to hold a ,g5]al ,c\ncil at ,lyons4 ,he direct$ ,bonav5ture to und]take ! prep>ation ( ! v>i\s matt]s to be discuss$4 ,among/ all ^? :o might co-op]ate = ! success ( ! ,c\ncil1 ! ,pope p]ceiv$ t !re 0 no "o m capable ?an our ,sa9t4 ,81 au?ority 0 great & 8 influ5ce 0 widespread1 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt] we h dwelt ^u 8 famili> fri5d%ip ) ,k+ ,l\is ( ,france1 ,) ,*>les ,i4 ( ,anj\ he 0 likewise on intimate t]ms4 ,aft] 8 elevation to ! ,c>d9alate ! pr9ce gave ord]s = 8 suitable conveyance to ! ,papal ,c\rt4 ,ano!r some:at curi\s #ih in/ance ( ,bonav5ture's widespread influ5ce is se5 9 a lett] writt5 to him by ! ,secret>y ( ,otto ,c>us1 ,k+ ( ,bohemia4 ,he asks our ,sa9t to int]c$e = him ) 8 royal ma/] s t he might receive f him "s (fice :i* he covet$4 ,z ,g5]al ( ! ,franciscan ,ord] 8 p[] 0 v consid]able1 b x 0 greatly increas$ by 8 reputation = le>n+ & pr(\nd piety4 ,! ,ord] _h already spread into almo/ e c\ntry ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,9 ! ,ea/ & ,we/ x possess$ ?irty-?ree ,prov9ces & f\r ,vic>iates4 ,x _h p5etrat$ into ,egypt1 ,pale/9e1 & ,syria2 & 0 firmly e/abli%$ all ov] ,europe includ+ ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,! supreme rul] ( s va/ & p[]ful an organization is necess>ily a notewor?y p]sonage 9 ! life ( ! ,*ur*4 ,& x is n to be wond]$ at t ,gregory ,x4 fix$ 8 eyes ^u ,bonav5ture1 & ) a view to enhanc+ 8 au?ority & ext5d+ 8 sph]e ( action det]m9$ to raise him to ! c>d9alate4 ,accord+ly1 on #bc ,june1 #abgc1 he made him ,bi%op ( ,albano & ,c>d9al ( ! ,roman ,*ur*4 ,bonav5ture's secret>y1 ,b]n>d ( ,besse1 view+ ! proc$ure f ! /&po9t ( ! humble ,fri> & ) app>5tly little approval1 ref]s briefly to ! fact 9 ^! words3 ,! a=esaid ,"l ,gregory ,x4 =c$ him to become a ,c>d9al4 ,we c imag9e h[ /r5u\sly ,bonav5ture refus$ ! hon\r1 b ! ,pope 0 inflexible & ev5 p]emptory4 #ii ,he comm&$ ,bonav5ture to submit to 8 appo9tm5t & 9 a _s ( humility to place no ob/acle 9 ! way4 ,he fur!rmore ord]$ him to repair to ! ,papal ,c\rt )\t any unreasonable delay or hesitation4 ,our ,sa9t receiv$ ! ,brief at ,p>is & he set out at once = ,flor5ce :]e ! ,pope happ5$ to be resid+4 ,hav+ rea*$ ! vic9ity ( ! t[n he took up 8 abode 9 a small conv5t ( ! ,ord]4 ,?i!r came ! ,pope's envoys ) ! ,c>d9al's insignia4 ,z has already be5 said !y f\nd ! ,bi%op & ,c>d9al-elect wa%+ ! plates ( ! mona/]y1 & tradition has x t he ord]$ !m to hang ! hat on a bran* ( a tree close by until he _h f9i%$4 ,aft] a brief /ay at ,flor5ce1 at ! ,pope's comm& our ,sa9t set out = ,lyons1 :]e ! ,g5]al ,c\ncil 0 to be held4 ,! assembly began its sessions 9 ,may1 #abgd4 ,! importance ( ! "p :i* ,bonav5ture play$ 9 ?is ,c\ncil is admitt$ by all4 ,8 secret>y & biograph]1 ,b]n>d ( ,besse1 says3 ,by comm& ( our ,"l ! ,pope he conduct$ ! pr9cipal affairs ( ! ,c\ncil4 ,pope ,sixtus ,,iv4 affirms t ,bonav5ture presid$ at ! ,c\ncil ( ,lyons & direct$ ev]y?+ to ! praise & glory ( ,god2 s t hav+ suppress$ discords & ov]come difficulties1 he 0 a s\rce ( hon\r & utility to ! ,*ur*4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 h>dly cr$ible t ,bonav5ture really presid$ ov] ! ,c\ncil1 = #ajj ! ,pope himself 0 pres5t4 ,mo/ likely he presid$ ov] ! private sessions & prep>$ & direct$ ! bus9ess to be publicly transact$4 ,! union ( ! ,greek ,*ur* ) ! ,lat91 ! deliv]ance ( ! ,holy ,l& f ,mohamm$an rule1 & ! re/oration ( ecclesia/ical discipl9e 7 ! *ief matt]s discuss$ by ! ,c\ncil4 ,9 ! "w ( reunit+ ! ,greek & ,lat9 ,*ur*es ! ,fri>s ,m9or play$ a v conspicu\s "p4 ,?r\gh !m ! negotiations ) ! ,emp]or ,paleologus1 & ! ,greek ,*ur* _h be5 c>ri$ on4 ,_! ef=ts seem$ = a "t to be cr[n$ ) complete success4 ,! ,emp]or s5t civil & ecclesia/ical repres5tatives to ! ,c\ncil ( ,lyons to express ! adh]5ce ( himself & ! entire ,greek ,*ur* to all ! t5ets ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,9 pres5ce ( ! assembl$ ,c\ncil & amid great solemnity ! envoys made a public pr(ession ( ,fai?1 & ! great ,ea/]n s*ism seem$ to be heal$4 ,un=tunately ! result 0 ( v brief duration4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few ye>s ! ,greeks _h once m return$ to _! old condition ( s*ism & h]esy4 ,/ill1 ev5 = ?is tempor>y success great cr$it is due to ,bonav5ture1 = to 8 p]sonal influ5ce x mu/ 9 no small degree be attribut$4 ,8 le>n+1 8 eloqu5ce1 8 affability & 8 piety deeply impress$ ! ,greeks4 ,!y m>k$ _! appreciation ( 8 great ability by be/[+ on him #aja ! "n ( ,euty*ius4 ,he surpass$ ! high op9ion :i* ,pope ,gregory _h =m$ ( him4 ,8 extraord9>y gifts fill$ ! :ole ,c\ncil ) admiration4 ,! facility & precision ( 8 diction1 ! prud5ce & mod]ation ( 8 c\nsel1 ! bread? & dep? ( 8 le>n+1 8 skill 9 controv]sy & 8 wond]ful p[] ( dispat*+ mo/ weighty matt]s made him ! mo/ prom95t figure 9 ! :ole ( ! assembly4 ,at ! same "t1 8 humility & meekness & ! *e]ful sweetness ( 8 disposition won all he>ts4 ,8 words 7 li/5$ to ) sympa!tic att5tion & nev] fail$ to produce ! desir$ effect4 ,x is record$ t he prea*$ twice dur+ ! ,c\ncil3 fir/ :5 x 0 (ficially ann\nc$ t ! ,greeks 7 s5d+ repres5tatives to ,lyons1 &1 secondly1 :5 ! reunion _h be5 accompli%$4 ,a l>ge numb] ( 8 s]mons are extant1 b among/ !m is n f\nd ei!r ( ^! disc\rses4 ,:il/ our gaze is fix$ on ,bonav5ture z ! c5tral figure 9 t gr& assembly ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* we c read ) int]e/ ! p5-portrait ( him left to u by an old *ronicl]4 ,?is writ]1 ,footnote #dc aft] insi/+ at mu* l5g? on ! spiritual end[m5ts ( ! ,sa9t1 cont9ues ?us3-- ,footnote #dc3 ,pet] ,rodulph1 fol4 #ib4 ,cf4 ,wadd+1 ,tom4 ,,iv1 ,anno #abgd4 ,no4 #bj4 ,su* beauty ( s\l 0 mat*$ by ext]ior #ajb comel9ess2 ( impos+ appe>ance1 tall 9 /ature1 & ) a c]ta9 nobility ( be>+4 ,8 features 7 h&some & ( s]i\s expression4 ,8 words 7 calm & 8 conv]sation k9d & g5tle4 ,he r>ely suff]$ f ill heal?4 ,8 disposition 0 m ?an admirable4 ,8 appe>ance _c be describ$ o!r ?an l t ( an angel s5t f ,heav51 = 9 8 day !re 0 no "o m beautiful1 holi]1 or m wise4 ,su* affability & grace %one =? 9 8 c\nt5ance t he 0 to all n only an object ( love b ( admiration4 ,^? :o once beheld him felt !mselves drawn in/9ctively to admire & v5]ate him z "o especially design$ to fur!r ! int]e/s ( religion4 ,! description is evid5tly t ( an ard5t admir] ( ,bonav5ture1 b mak+ all due all[ance = its palpable exagg]ations we are ju/ifi$ 9 believ+ t ! p]sonal appe>ance ( ! ,sa9t mu/ h be5 impressive & attractive 9 no ord9>y degree4 ,?is seems to h be5 a *>act]i/ic ( _m ( ! sa9ts1 al?\gh _! biograph]s1 imbu$ ) ! peculi> ascetical notion t unsightl9ess ( body is someh[ necess>ily associat$ ) beauty & excell5ce ( s\l1 usually disc>d all ref]5ce to bodily end[m5ts4 ,9 8 lab\rs at ! ,c\ncil our ,sa9t 0 ably second$ by two o!r ,franciscans--,rigaldi1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,r\51 & ,paul1 ,bi%op ( ,tripolis4 ,_! prom95ce & ! au?ority !y wield$ #ajc seem to h excit$ a c]ta9 am\nt ( jeal\sy among _! contempor>ies4 ,?us we f9d !m ref]r$ to 9 ! foll[+ satirical triplet3-- ,bonav5ture1 ,r\5 & ,tripolitane ,disp5se papal laws & unm9dful rema9 ,( _! ,ord] :i* scorns all hon\rs z va94 ,?is sugge/s ! "q3 ,h[ c we reconcile ! acceptance ( ecclesia/ical dignities ) ! ,_s ( ,/4 ,francis & ! pr(ession ( 8 ,rule8 ,_m answ]s might be giv51 b ,i believe ! foll[+ to be ! mo/ satisfactory4 ,! lead+ pr9ciple ( ! ,franciscan ,rule is ob$i5ce to ! ,pope1 ! supreme au?ority 9 all ?+s spiritual4 ,h5ce1 submission to :at he comm&s _c be a violation ( ! ,franciscan _s4 ,l e o!r religi\s developm5t ( human orig9 ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,francis is entirely subject to ! au?ority ( ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*4 ,he c modify x 9 its con/itution & 9 its memb]s z circum/ances may dem&4 ,non-,ca?olic writ]s1 & ev5 ,ca?olics1 sometimes lose sight ( ?is4 ,!y seem to ?9k t ! ,rule ( ,francis possesses "s species ( supreme & absolute au?ority :i* no p[] on e>? c1 or ought to1 int]f]e )4 ,?is assumption is utt]ly false4 ,none w\ld h m emphatically reject$ x ?an ,/4 ,francis himself4 ,h5ce1 :5 ! ,vic> ( ,*ri/1 = ! welf>e ( ! ,*ur*1 calls ^u a *ild ( ,/4 ,francis to accept "s (fice to #ajd :i* atta*es dignity or hon\r he may humbly refuse1 b a p]si/5t & ob/9ate refusal w\ld f9d no ju/ification 9 ! pr(ession he has made4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,dea?4 ,by special ,pontifical disp5sation ,bonav5ture reta9$ ! (fice ( ,m9i/]-,g5]al = a %ort "t aft] 8 elevation to ! ,c>d9alate4 ,8 successor c\ld be elect$ only by a ,g5]al ,*apt]1 & ?is c\ld n conv5i5tly be convok$ until ! fea/ ( ,p5teco/4 ,?is occurr$ on #bj ,may1 #abgd1 & ! place *os5 = ! assembly 0 ,lyons4 ,! ,sa9t presid$1 & hav+ =mally resign$ 8 (fice1 ,j]ome ( ,ascoli1 aft]w>ds ,pope ,ni*olas ,,iv41 0 appo9t$ 8 successor4 ,) ?is ev5t ,bonav5ture's (ficial connection ) ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,francis ceas$4 ,z we %all see1 x 0 almo/ co9cid5t ) 8 dea?4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,lyons 0 /ill sitt+ :5 ,bonav5ture 0 call$ to 8 rew>d4 ,he 0 only fifty-?ree ye>s ( age1 b ! imm5se lab\rs he _h und]gone & ! habitual weakness ( 8 con/itution1 ha/5$ ! end4 ,illu/ration3 ,/4 ,bonav5ture4 ,f ,raphael's ,disputa1 9 ! ,vatican4 #ajg ,on #f ,july1 ! f\r? g5]al session ( ! ,c\ncil 0 held4 ,! reunion ( ! ,greek & ,lat9 ,*ur*es 0 solemnly ratifi$4 ,bonav5ture prea*$ on ! occasion4 ,he took = 8 text ! words ( ! prophet ,b>u* 7v4 #e74 ,arise1 ,o ,j]usalem1 & /& on high2 & look ab\t t[>ds ! ,ea/1 & behold ?y *ildr5 ga!r$ toge!r f ! ris+ to ! sett+ sun1 by ! ^w ( ! ,holy ,"o rejoic+ 9 ! remembrance ( ,god4 ,! body ( ! disc\rse has n come d[n to u1 b we c well imag9e t x 0 well wor?y ( ! great occasion & ( ! g5ius & sanctity ( ! prea*]4 ,x 0 8 la/ public utt]ance--! ,nunc dimittis ( ! ,*ur*'s zeal\s *ampion z he witness$ ! accompli%m5t ( ! object = :i* he _h long s e>ne/ly /riv54 ,he 0 ev5 !n /&+ on ! br9k ( ! grave4 ,! e*oes ( et]nity 7 already beg9n+ to s\nd 9 8 e>s & ! ev]la/+ ye>s to unfold !mselves be=e 8 gaze4 ,z he he>d ! solemn /ra9s ( ! gr& ,te ,deum t m>k$ ! close ( ! great ev5t he mu/ h felt t 8 "w = ,god & = ! ,*ur* 0 accompli%$4 ,weak5$ by disease & worn out by ! con/ant /ra9 & pressure ( bus9ess1 8 /r5g? 0 rapidly fail+4 ,! ceaseless activity ( 8 great m9d1 8 re/less en]gy & burn+ zeal1 _h hi!rto r5d]$ him ins5sible to ! body's decl9e1 b at la/ ! limits ( endurance 7 rea*$ & ! end 0 at h&4 ,bonav5ture return$ home f ! ,c\ncil1 & n9e days lat] he 0 dead4 ,! exact cause ( 8 dea? is n kn[n4 ,"o #ajh writ] ,footnote #dd ref]s to an extraord9>y mortality prevail+ among/ ! memb]s ( ! ,c\ncil4 ,x is j possible t "s species ( epidemic1 s frequ5t 9 ^? days1 may h brok5 out 9 ! city1 & t our ,sa9t 9 8 infirm /ate ( heal? fell an easy victim to x4 ,incid5tally1 we le>n t "o ( ! symptoms ( 8 la/ illness 0 a complete inability to reta9 ev5 ! lea/ p>ticle ( food4 ,?is is record$ ,footnote #de 9 connection ) ! foll[+ truly m>vell\s occurr5ce4 ,on 8 dea?-b$ our ,sa9t long$ ) all ! ard\r ( 8 s]aphic s\l = ! sweet int]c\rse ( ,sacram5tal ,communion4 ,b ! cause j m5tion$ made ?is impossible4 ,/ill1 z f> z possible to appease 8 pi\s long+1 ! ,consecrat$ ,ho/ 0 br\ght into 8 room & plac$ beside him1 s t 8 eyes might re/ ^u x4 ,?is only int5sifi$ 8 desire1 until x w\ld appe> t ! ,"l c\ld no long] )/& ! ard\r ( 8 plead+s4 ,a wond]ful ?+ 0 !n se5 to happ54 ,)\t any visible ag5cy ! ,sacr$ ,ho/ left ! ciborium &1 mov+ ?r\gh ! air t[>ds ! dy+ ,sa9t1 vani%$ )9 8 brea/6 ,footnote #dd3 ,cf4 ,op]a ,omnia1 ,tom4 ,x1 p4 #fg4 ,no4#d4 ,footnote #de3 ,wadd+1 ,annals1 ,tom4 ,,iv1 ,anno #abgd4 ,no4 #ah4 ,at an e>li] p]iod 9 8 life a some:at simil> occurr5ce is record$4 ,b>?olomew ( ,pisa & ! au?or ,footnote #df ( ! ,*ronicles ( ! ,tw5ty-f\r ,g5]als relate t1 on a c]ta9 occasion1 ! pi\s #aji ,g5]al1 ?9k+ himself unwor?y1 ab/a9$ = a long "t f say+ ,holy ,mass4 ,b ! ,"l 0 t\*$ by 8 humility1 & "o day z he 0 dev\tly he>+ ,mass1 a p>ticle ( ! ,consecrat$ ,ho/1 solely at ! comm& ( ! ,savi\r1 left ! alt> & ent]$ 8 m\?1 fill+ 8 s\l ) div9e sweetness4 ,x may be t bo? records are b diff]5t v]sions ( ! same fact1 & we may d\bt :i* ( !m is au!ntic4 ,b if ,bonav5ture's malady 7 su* z describ$1 we %\ld l to ?9k t ! ,"l1 pity+ ! lonel9ess & extremity ( ,8 dy+ s]vant1 af=d$ him1 ev5 by a miracle1 ! supreme consolation :i* 8 pass+ _s sigh$ =4 ,footnote #df3 ,cf4 ,analecta ,franciscana1 ,tom4 ,,iii1 p4 #ccd4 ,ano!r incid5t :i* t\*+ly illu/rates ! absolute pov]ty 9 :i* ! ,sa9t di$ is record$ by ,wadd+4 ,al?\gh ,bi%op & ,c>d9al1 8 sole possession on 8 dea?-b$ 0 8 brevi>y4 ,ev]y?+ else he _h di/ribut$ to ! poor1 & ev5 ! brevi>y he reg>d$ n z 8 own b z belong+ to 8 ,ord]1 & he direct$ t x %\ld be re/or$ to ! ,bre?r5 aft] 8 dea?4 ,we w\ld fa9 l+] by ! dea?b$ ( ! ,sa9t b ! almo/ complete abs5ce ( details gives u no enc\ragem5t to d s4 ,we are n told ev5 :]e he di$4 ,0 x 9 ! conv5t ( 8 ,ord] & surr\nd$ by 8 ,bre?r51 or else:]e8 ,h[ did he be> himself 9 t f9al /ruggle8 ,:at 7 8 s5tim5ts8 ,:at 7 #aaj 8 la/ words8 ,none ( ^! ?+s are record$4 ,ap>t f g5]al obs]vations conc]n+ 8 virtues & 8 hol9ess we only "k ) c]ta9ty t dur+ ! night ( #d ,july1 #abgd1 ,bonav5ture pass$ to 8 rew>d4 ,we may well imag9e t dea? has no t]ror = ! ,sa9ts2 at ! same "t1 we _c say t x has any special attraction = !m4 ,ev5 our ,holy ,fa!r1 ,/4 ,francis1 :il/ unaw$ at ! approa* ( ,si/] ,dea?1 seem$ yet submissively to cl+ to life4 ,x is a natural & a legitimate in/9ct4 ,life is ! sum total ( our temporal gifts1 & its pres]vation is a duty we owe to ! giv]4 ,x is true1 grant$ ! immortality ( ! s\l1 & future rew>d1 t !re is a great] good ?an ! body's life & t to secure x we may1 & 9 "s cases ought1 to =feit ! latt]4 ,b ^! circum/ances are abnormal & r>ely occur4 ,9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( ev5ts ! s\l's welf>e does n dem& ! body's dea?4 ,! int]e/s ( body & s\l run on p>allel l9es1 & s long z "r ord] is ma9ta9$ !y _c collide4 ,we read inde$ t ! ,sa9ts1 vividly realiz+ ! happ9ess ( ,heav5 & aspir+ to x ) /eadfa/ confid5ce1 long$ = dea?4 ,/4 ,paul exclaim+3 ,i wi% to be dissolv$ & to be ) ,*ri/1 is quot$ z an example ( ?is4 ,b ! attitude ?us express$ by ! ,apo/le is n incompatible ) a natural repugnance to1 & %r9k+ f dea?4 ,we believe ?is to be 9 #aaa "s degree ! *>act]i/ic ( all m51 sa9ts z well z s9n]s4 ,bonav5ture's dea? 0 reg>d$ some:at 9 ! light ( a public calamity4 ,! effect x produc$ ^u ! ,c\ncil ( ,lyons is n>rat$ z foll[s4 ,footnote #dg ,at ?is "t1 :il/ ! ,c\ncil 0 /ill sitt+1 ! mo/ rev]5d ,fa!r 9 ,*ri/1 ! ,"l ,c>d9al ,bonav5ture ( mo/ v5]able memory 0 laid ) ! holy ,fa!rs1 fill+1 z we may believe1 ! ,*ur* ,triumphant ) joy at 8 adv5t1 b affect+ ! ,*ur* ,militant ) incr$ible grief at 8 dep>ture4 ,= ,greeks & ,lat9s1 cl]gy & laity1 foll[$ 8 bi] ) bitt] te>s1 lam5t+ ! griev\s loss ( s great a p]sonage4 ,footnote #dg3 ,au?or ( ! ,*ronicles ( ,tw5ty-f\r ,g5]als1 ,cf4 ,analecta ,franciscana1 ,tom4 ,,iii1 p4 #cef4 ,9 accordance ) ! cu/om ( ! "t & c\ntry1 ,bonav5ture 0 buri$ on ! day ( 8 dea?4 ,8 fun]al 0 att5d$ by ! ,pope & all ! ,prelates ( ! ,c\ncil4 ,pet]1 ,c>d9al ,bi%op ( ,o/ia1 celebrat$ ,holy ,mass & prea*$ ! fun]al oration4 ,he took = 8 text ! pa!tic words 9 :i* ,david lam5ts ! dea? ( ,jona?an 7#b ,k+s #a4 #bf73 ,i grieve = !e1 my bro!r ,jona?an--exce$+ly beautiful & amiable above ! love ( wom54 ,! text 0 sugge/$ no d\bt by t /rik+ *>act]i/ic ( ! ,sa9t ^u :i* all 8 biograph]s s /rongly insi/--8 wond]ful amiability4 ,z "o #aab writ] ,footnote #dh expresses x3 ,?is grace ! ,"l _h grant$ him t :osoev] look$ on him 0 =?) irresi/ibly drawn to love him4 ,footnote #dh3 ,! hi/orian ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,lyons4 ,cf4 ,op]a1 ,tom4 ,x1 p #fg4 ,at ! next session ( ! ,g5]al ,c\ncil ! ,pope ref]r$ to ! griev\s loss su/a9$ by ! entire ,*ur* 9 ! dea? ( ,bonav5ture4 ,& to m>k 8 s5se ( gratitude = ! imm5se lab\rs he _h und]gone on its behalf he ord]$ all ! prie/s & prelates ( ! ,ca?olic _w to (f] up ,holy ,mass = ! repose ( 8 s\l4 ,! ,sa9t 0 buri$ 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,fri>s ,m9or at ,lyons4 ,9 ! ye> #adcd1 a new *ur* d$icat$ to ,/4 ,francis 0 erect$ 9 ! city1 & ?i!r1 z to a m suitable re/+-place1 ! body 0 translat$4 ,?is took place "o hundr$ & sixty ye>s aft] ! ,sa9t's dea?4 ,m>vell\s to relate1 ! head 0 !n f\nd to be entirely incorrupt4 ,! hair1 lips1 tee?1 & tongue 7 p]fectly pres]v$ & reta9$ _! natural col\r4 ,! p ( ,lyons 7 pr(\ndly affect$ by ?is miracle1 & !y *ose ,bonav5ture = ! patron ( _! city4 ,! movem5t1 already on foot1 to obta9 8 canonization receiv$ !reby a new & p[]ful impetus4 ,on ! occasion ( ?is translation ! body ( ,/4 ,bonav5ture 0 plac$ 9 a co/ly reliqu>y at ! comm& ( ! ,m9i/]-,g5]al1 & kept at ! ,franciscan ,*ur* at ,lyons4 ,lat] 9 ! #aac same c5tury1 ! ,m9i/]-,g5]al1 ,fa!r ,francis ,samson1 remov$ ! arms ( our ,sa9t f ,lyons1 & entru/$ !m to ! keep+ ( ! ,religi\s at ,bagnorea4 ,9 ! ,ca!dral ,*ur* ( ?is t[n ^! relics are /ill pi\sly v5]at$4 ,ar\nd ! reliqu>y :i* encloses !m runs ! inscription1 ,fa!r ,francis ,samson1 ,g5]al1 bequea!d ?is reliqu>y to ! ,conv5t ( ,/4 ,francis 9 ,bagnorea1 #a ,may1 #adia 4 ,9 #adid ,k+ ,*>les ,,viii4 ( ,france erect$ a magnific5t side-*apel = ! rema9s at ,lyons1 & 9 return reque/$ "s relic ( ,/4 ,bonav5ture4 ,8 desire 0 grant$1 & ! relic he obta9$ he f9ally pres5t$ to ! *apel ( ,fonta9ebleau4 ,!nce x 0 tak5 to ! ,franciscan ,*ur* at ,p>is1 :]e x rema9$ till ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,o!r relics ( ,/4 ,bonav5ture 7 remov$ to ,v5ice 9 #adid :]e !y are /ill expos$ to ! v5]ation ( ! ,fai?ful4 ,! %r9e at ,lyons 0 enri*$ ) _m valuable (f]+s--tributes ( gratitude to ! efficacy ( our ,sa9t's int]cession4 ,!re1 9 "o urn plat$ ) silv]1 8 body 0 pres]v$2 ! head be+ res]v$ 9 ano!r equally co/ly4 ,!re1 too1 ! rema9s re/$ 9 v5]ation till ! second half ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,9 #aefb1 ,lyons fell into ! h&s ( ! ,hugu5ots :o made an assault on ! ,franciscan ,*ur* !re & rifl$ ,/4 ,bonav5ture's %r9e ( its treasures4 ,ow+1 h[ev]1 to ! =esight & #aad h]oism ( ,fa!r ,james ,gayete1 ! ,sup]ior1 _! sacrilegi\s purpose 01 9 "p1 ?w>t$4 ,?is holy man _h betimes tak5 ! precaution ( enclos+ our ,sa9t's relics 9 two urns & bury+ !m 9 a secret place4 ,! two ,religi\s :o %>$ 8 secret 7 s5t to ano!r conv5t le/ :at !y knew be wrung f !m by torture4 ,fa!r ,james 0 subject$ to mu* h>% treatm5t1 b all to no avail4 ,a se>* 0 !n in/itut$ ?r\gh ! fri>y & its gr\nds1 & f9ally ! ,hugu5ots succe$$ 9 discov]+ ! body4 ,?is 0 borne to ! public squ>e & burn$ ) _m images1 pictures1 & objects ( devotion4 ,:5 peace aga9 prevail$1 ! ,religi\s :o knew ( ! secret return$ to ,lyons & produc$ ! urn :i* conta9$ ! head ( our ,sa9t z also ! crucifix & *alice he 0 wont to use4 ,! =m] cultus 0 once m reviv$2 ! fri>y & *ur* rose f _! ru9s & ! %r9e ( ,/4 ,bonav5ture rega9$ its old-"t spl5d\r4 ,dur+ ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 h[ev]1 ! pr(anation 0 m complete4 ,! fri>y & *ur* 7 raz$ to ! gr\nd1 & once aga9 ! urn conta9+ ! head ( our ,sa9t 0 buri$ = safety 9 a secret place4 ,?is "t1 h[ev]1 ! holy ,religi\s di$ )\t divulg+ 8 secret1 & all subsequ5t se>*es to f9d ! relics h prov$ unavail+4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo4 ,al9>i4 ,,/4 ,,bonav5ture4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>ia degli ,angeli1 ,d9torni 7,tib]io d ,assisi7 #aae ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,canonization4 ,f all t has hi!rto be5 said x is evid5t t ,bonav5ture 0 em95t among/ 8 contempor>ies4 ,he excell$ 9 hol9ess & le>n+4 ,8 greatness 0 religi\s4 ,! s]vice ( ,god1 ! sanctification ( 8 s\l & ! welf>e ( ! ,*ur* 7 ! sole ends to :i* 8 life 0 devot$4 ,he a*iev$ !m ) rem>kable success4 ,8 contempor>ies p]ceiv$ x & !y reg>d$ him z a sa9t4 ,a sa9t is a man ^: life is virtu\s 9 a h]oic degree--^: spiritual excell5ce is indisputable4 ,su* excell5ce is wor?y ( recognition1 & ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ) its true appreciation ( :at is "r1 has adopt$ suitable means ( express+ x4 ,^! are embodi$ 9 ! process ( canonization4 ,9 ! e>ly ages ( ! ,*ur* !re 0 no special =m ( canonization4 ,x appe>s to h consi/$ 9 ! unanim\s belief ( ! ,fai?ful--at fir/ m]ely tol]at$1 b 9 "t positively approv$ ( by ecclesia/ical au?ority4 ,9 ! eigh? c5tury we come across ! liturgical c]emony ( solemnly enroll+ ! ,sa9t among/ ! numb] ( ! ,bless$ 9 ,heav54 ,?is is n ! place to discuss ! dogmatic significance ( su* proc$ure4 ,suffice x to say1 #aaf x w\ld be ra% to imag9e t ! ,*ur* c\ld err 9 s important & truly religi\s a matt]4 ,al?\gh ! hol9ess ( ! ,sa9ts 0 recogniz$ by _! contempor>ies1 & cont9u$ to be ! object ( dev\t v5]ation by succe$+ g5]ations1 /ill ! ,*ur*'s au!ntic recognition ( x has sometimes be5 po/pon$ = long c5turies4 ,! ,*ur* moves sl[ly 9 su* matt]s4 ,%e is guid$ by ! attitude ( ! ,fai?ful4 ,if ^!1 ?r\gh successive g5]ations1 ma9ta9 a traditional cultus ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god & ev5tually dem& 8 canonization1 ! process is usually ent]$ ^u4 ,! utmo/ caution is obs]v$ 9 ! proc$ure4 ,a mo/ c>eful /udy is made ( ! life ( ! individual4 ,! h]oic nature ( 8 virtues1 ! con/ant devotion ( ! ,fai?ful t[>ds him1 ! miracles attribut$ to him mu/ be judicially prov54 ,all evid5ce is c>efully sift$ by exp]t canoni/s4 ,e fact calculat$ to b5efit or to prejudice ! cause ( ! ,sa9t is skilfully adduc$4 ,all human means likely to ensure ! tru? ( ! ,*ur*'s judgm5t are employ$4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages1 ev5 z at ! pres5t day1 x 0 ! cu/om to dem& f ! ,supreme ,pontiff ! fav\r ( canonization4 ,! cause _h to be put =w>d1 & ! ,*ur*'s def9itive s5t5ce =mally solicit$4 ,9 ! case ( our ,sa9t ! petition 0 pres5t$ by ! ,m9i/]-,g5]al ( ! ,franciscan ,ord]1 ,fr4 ,francis ,samson4 ,x 0 #aag support$ by ! foll[+ p[]ful mon>*s & nobles3 ! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick ,,iii1 ,k+ ,l\is ( ,france1 ,f]d9& ,k+ ( ,sicily1 ,mat?ias ,k+ ( ,hung>y2 ! ,dukes ( ,calabria1 ,v5ice1 ,milan1 & ,b\rbon2 also ! ,municipalities ( ,flor5ce1 ,si5a1 ,lyons1 ,p]ugia & ,balneumregis4 ,x is some:at /range to obs]ve t ?is petition 0 n pres5t$ e>li]4 ,x 0 n[ "s "o hundr$ & eighty ye>s s9ce ,bonav5ture's dea?4 ,b1 z ! ,pontiff decl>$1 ! delay only add$ to ! glory ( ! ev5t4 ,x is a pr]ogative ( ! greatness ( ! ,sa9ts t x appeals s p[]fully to ! m9ds ( m5 long aft] _! dea?4 ,h]e9 x contra/s /rik+ly ) worldly greatness :i* vani%es s quickly z sc>cely to survive ! dea? ( ^? :o possess$ x4 ,:5 our ,sa9t's canonization 0 moot$ ,sixtus ,,iv4 occupi$ ! ,papal ,*air4 ,he _h be5 a ,franciscan1 & ?is circum/ance op]at$ 9 fav\r ( ! und]tak+4 ,to ! ,pontiff ! enrolm5t ( a bro!r ,fri> 9 ! ,cal5d> ( ! ,sa9ts 0 peculi>ly agreeable4 ,he ref]s to ! fact 9 ! ,bull ( canonization1 & he is c>eful at ! same "t to gu>d aga9/ ! impression t 8 judgm5t might be influ5c$ by undue p>tiality4 ,we h read mo/ dilig5tly1 he writes1 ! div9e writ+s ( ! a=esaid holy man1 & f ! "t we 7 capable ( und]/&+ !m !y h be5 our *ief delight4 ,f ! old] & m tru/wor?y ,bre?r5 ( ! ,ord]1 :o 9 #aah _! y\? _h le>nt x f _! eld]s1 we h he>d ( ! fame ( 8 sanctity & miracles1 & we felt t :il/ he triumph$ 9 ,heav5 he ought to be v5]at$ on e>?4 ,moreov]1 we rememb]$ t1 by *oice1 we _h embrac$ ! same ,ord] & !re9 by ! ,div9e assi/ance made "s progress 9 le>n+ & 9 ! spiritual life--t we _h fulfill$ ! same m9i/]ial (fice & _h be5 rais$ to ! dignity ( ! ,c>d9alate & f9ally to ! summit ( ! ,pontificate4 ,s t we feel we h be5 rais$ to ^? em95ces 9 ! ,*ur* ,militant ?r\gh :i* ,bonav5ture atta9$ to ! glory ( ! ,*ur* ,triumphant4 ,b le/ we %\ld appe> to be influ5c$ by any p]sonal motive 9 ?is process we h be5 c>eful to employ all ! dilig5ce & caution :i* ! importance ( ! matt] dem&s4 ,he po9ts out ! measures tak5 to accompli% ?is4 ,a ,commission ( ,c>d9als 0 appo9t$ to exam9e ! life & miracles ( ! ,sa9t4 ,_! report 9 ! fir/ in/ance did n satisfy ! ,pope4 ,x 0 n drawn up ) suffici5t solemnity & x _h to be repeat$4 ,a full] inve/igation 0 made1 additional witnesses 7 exam9$ & new miracles inve/igat$4 ,! result ?is "t 0 satisfactory1 & ! ,pontiff felt himself b\nd to proce$ ) ! canonization4 ,le/1 he says1 we %\ld appe> to resi/ ! ,holy ,gho/1 :o ?r\gh ! m\? ( ,8 ,prophet comm&s u to praise ,god 9 ,8 ,sa9ts1 we h tak5 c\nsel #aai ) our v5]able ,bre?r5 ! ,c>d9als conc]n+ ?is canonization & !y h approv$ ( x unanim\sly4 ,a public ,consi/ory 0 !n held & ! ,pope enjo9$ ^u ! cl]gy & ,fai?ful ( ,rome ! obs]vance ( ?ree days pray] & fa/+--s t ,god might enlight5 u z to ! correct c\rse to pursue1 & pres]ve ,8 ,*ur* f fall+ into error4 ,aft] ?is ! op9ion ( ! ,c>d9als 0 s\ght once m--x 0 entirely fav\rable4 ,?us assur$1 ! ,pope proce$$ to ! canonization4 ,! solemn act took place 9 ! ,basilica ( ! ,holy ,apo/les on #ad ,april1 #adhb4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! c]emony a v rem>kable oration on ! ,sa9t 0 deliv]$ by ! great ecclesia/ical orator1 ,octavianus de ,m>t9is4 ,footnote #di ,he insi/$ p>ticul>ly on ! miracles attribut$ to ! ,sa9t1 ( :i* he enum]at$ some?+ l tw5ty-"o diff]5t species4 ,9 ! foll[+ s+ul>ly eloqu5t passage he summ>izes ! ,sa9t's claims to canonization3-- ,footnote #di3 ,cf4 ,wadd+1 ,annals1 ,tom4 ,,xiv1 ,anno #adhb4 ,no #c4 ,if1 !re=e1 x appe> t ! ,bless$ ,bonav5ture 0 miracul\s 9 8 works2 if 8 ,div9e ,comm5t>ies %[ t he possess$ ! gift ( infus$ k2 if ! assidu\s fulfilm5t ( ! humble/ (fices prove t he despis$ worldly hon\rs1 & %ook (f all e>?ly affections2 if x appe> t he 0 pati5t 9 trials1 /eadfa/ 9 p]secution1 t he 0 pr(itable to ! ,ord] ( #abj ,/4 ,francis & t1 l ,/4 ,paul1 he 0 miracul\sly call$ to ! s]vice ( religion2 if x appe> t 8 future sanctity 0 =etold by ,/4 ,francis & affirm$ by ,alex&] ( ,hales1 ! ,irrefragable ,doctor2 if x appe> t ! ,sons ( ,/4 ,francis1 !mselves rem>kable = hol9ess b consid]+ him holi] /ill1 made him _! *ief ,sup]ior1 & t ! ,holy ,see on acc\nt ( 8 r5[n$ m]its call$ him to ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,univ]sal ,*ur*2 if1 f9ally1 x appe> t by ! common cons5t ( ! ,fai?ful he is reg>d$1 invok$ & wor%ipp$ z a ,sa9t & t he daily succ\rs ^? :o h rec\rse to him1 !n y\r ,hol9ess )\t fur!r reque/ might decree him ^? public hon\rs :i* alone he lacks4 ,h[ mu* m readily ought y n to d ?is at ! e>ne/ pray] ( s _m p[]ful pr9ces4 ,at ! conclusion ( ?is disc\rse ,pet] ,rodulph1 ! ,procurator-,g5]al ( ! ,franciscan ,ord]1 arose1 & address+ ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff1 =mally bes\ght ,footnote #ej him 9 ! "n ( ! ,mo/ ,holy ,tr9ity to enrol ,bonav5ture 9 ! ,cal5d> ( ! ,sa9ts4 ,! ,pope's reply is embodi$ 9 ! ,bull already m5tion$1 f :i* we quote ! foll[+ important passage3-- ,footnote #ej3 ,cf4 ,wadd+1 ,annals1 ,tom4 ,,xiv1 ,anno #adhb4 ,no4#d4 ,confid5t t ,god w n all[ u to fall into error 9 ! canonization ( ?is ,sa9t1 by ,8 ,div9e ,au?ority & t ( ,8 ,holy ,apo/les ,pet] & ,paul1 we decree t ,bonav5ture ( #aba ,balneumregis1 ( bless$ memory1 ,pr(essor ( ,!ology1 ( ! ,ord] ( ,fri>s ,m9or1 :o 0 rais$ f ! (fice ( ,m9i/]-,g5]al to t ( ,bi%op & ,c>d9al1 is a ,sa9t1 & is to be inscrib$ 9 ! ,catalogue ( ! ,sa9ts & jo9$ & associat$ ) !m4 ,by ^! lett]s pres5t we ins]t him among/ ! numb] ( ^? :o are to be v5]at$ by ! ,*ur*4 ,?us 0 ,bonav5ture glorifi$4 ,b fur!r hon\rs 7 9 /ore = him4 ,a hundr$ ye>s lat] #ad ,m>*1 #aehb1 he 0 decl>$ a ,doctor ( ! ,univ]sal ,*ur* by ,sixtus ,v4 ,?is 0 an au?oritative pron\ncem5t t our ,sa9t 0 to be reg>d$ z "o ( ! =emo/ exp\nd]s ( ! ,ca?olic ,fai?4 ,he 0 plac$ on a level ) ,ambrose1 ,j]ome1 ,augu/9e1 & ,gregory4 ,^! are ! words ( ! ,pontiff3 ,footnote #ea ,aft] mature delib]ation ) our v5]able ,bro!rs ! ,c>d9als1 ) _! c\nsel & unanim\s cons5t1 & by our own c]ta9 k 4 4 4 we inscribe by "r ! a=esaid ,/4 ,bonav5ture among/ ! numb] ( ,holy ,doctors1 & we decl>e & decree t he is to be reg>d$ & v5]at$ z among/ ! *ief & =emo/ ( ^? :o h excell$ 9 ! ,sacr$ ,sci5ce ( ,!ology4 ,footnote #ea3 ,bull ,triumphantis ,j]usalem4 ,aft] m ?an sev5 hundr$ ye>s ,bonav5ture's greatness is undim9i%$ & 8 glory is undimm$4 ,8 memory is fragrant 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 & ^? ,div9e ,comm5t>ies #abb & o!r treasures ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght :i* he left beh9d him are /ill ) u4 ,9 ! dep? & cle>ness ( 8 dogmatic tea*+1 b especially 9 ! ard5t outp\r+s ( 8 s]aphic s\l 9 8 devotional works1 we are br\ght into intimate contact ) 8 m>vell\s life4 ,f ^!1 r ?an f ! records ( biograph]s1 we le>n its true beauty & hol9ess4 ,! latt] (f] u a portrait ( ! ext]ior man1 b ! =m] reveal to u ! secret work+s ( ! s\l4 ,f 8 writ+s we ga!r :at ,bonav5ture really 0--:at he ?\ght1 :at he aspir$ to1 :at he s\ght to accompli%4 ,x is 9 !m we may hope to discov] ! real man1 & to obta9 a cle>] grasp ( t p>ticul> developm5t ( ! ,franciscan _s ) :i* he is s intimately associat$4 ,,ab]de53 ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,press4