,am]ican ,libr>ies47 ,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,! ,,wea!r4 ,,& ,a ,,guide ,,to ,,its ,,*anges4 ,,by ,t4 ,b4 ,,butl]4 ,,new ,,york3 ,d4 ,,appleton ,,company1 ,,nos4 #cdf #cdh ,,broadway4 #ahef4 ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahef1 by ,t4 ,b4 ,,butl]1 ,9 ! ,cl]ks ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,di/rict ( ,connecticut4 ,,electrotyp$ ,,by ,,?omas ,b4 ,,smi?1 #hb #hd ,beekman ,/reet4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,j4 ,f4 ,,tr[1 #cgi ,broadway4 ,,introduction4 ,! atmosph]ic conditions & ph5om5a :i* con/itute ,! ,wea!r are ( surpass+ int]e/4 ,n[1 we rejoice 9 ! g5ial air & w>m ra9s ( spr+1 :i* clo! ! e>? ) v]dure2 9 ! alt]nat+ heat & %[]s ( summ]1 :i* insure ! b\ntiful h>ve/2 9 ! mild]1 rip5+ sun%9e ( autumn2 or ! mantle ( sn[ & ! invigorat+ air ( a mod]ate w9t]'s-day4 ,n[1 aga91 we suff] f dr5*+ ra9s &1 deva/at+ floods1 or excessive & debilitat+ heat & p>*+ dr\ght1 or sudd5 & unseasonable fro/1 or extreme cold4 ,& n[1 dea? & de/ruction come ^u u or our prop]ty1 at any season1 9 ! gale1 ! hurricane1 or ! tornado2 or a succession ( sudd5 or peculi> *anges blight our expect$ crops1 & plant 9 our sy/ems ! se$s ( epidemic disease & dea?4 ,^!1 & o!r normal conditions1 & v>i$ *anges1 & viol5t extremes1 pot5t = good or evil1 are cont9ually alt]nat+ above & ar\nd u4 ,!y affect our heal? & p]sonal com=t1 &1 ?r\gh ^? ) :om we are connect$1 our social & dome/ic enjoym5ts4 ,!y influ5ce our bus9ess prosp]ity directly1 or indirectly1 ?r\gh our ne> or remote dep5d5ce ^u o!rs4 ,!y limit our pleasures & amusem5ts--!y control ! realities ( to-day1 & ! anticipations ( to-morr[4 ,none c prud5tly disreg>d !m2 few c )hold f !m a con/ant att5tion4 ,sci5tific m51 & o!rs1 devote to !m daily h\rs ( c>eful obs]vation & regi/ration4 ,dev\t ,*ri/ians reg>d !m z ! special ag5cies ( an ov]-rul+ ,provid5ce4 ,! prud5t1 fe> _! sudd51 or sil5t & my/]i\s *anges2 ! timid1 _! awful manife/ations ( p[]2 & !y are1 to ea* & all ( u1 ev] pres5t objects ( unfail+ int]e/4 ,?is int]e/ f9ds con/ant expression 9 our int]c\rse ) ea* o!r4 ,a rec5t ,engli% writ] has said3 ,! g]m ( meteorology is1 z x 71 innate 9 ! m9d ( e ,engli%man--! wea!r is 8 fir/ ?\ght aft] e salutation4 ,9 ! qualifi$ s5se 9 :i* ?is 0 probably int5d$1 x is1 d\btless1 equally true ( u4 ,inde$1 x is (t5 n only a fir/ ?\ght aft] a salutation1 b a "p ( ! salutation itself--an (fspr+ ( ! same fri5dly feel+1 or a "p ( ! same habit1 :i* dictates ! salutation--an expression ( sympa?y 9 a subject ( common & absorb+ int]e/--a sorr[+ or rejoic+ ) ^? :o sorr[ or rejoice 9 ! fr[ns & smiles ( an ev]-*ang+1 ev]-influ5tial atmosph]e4 ,if consi/5t ) our purpose1 x w\ld be exce$+ly int]e/+ to trace ! v>i$ =ms ( expression 9 use among diff]5t classes & call+s1 & see h[ indicative !y are ( "* & employm5t4 ,! sailor deals ma9ly ) ! w9ds ( ! h\r1 & to him all ! o!r phases ( ! wea!r are comp>atively indiff]5t4 ,he speaks ( airs1 & breezes1 & squalls1 & gales1 & hurricanes2 or ( su* appe>ances ( ! sky z progno/icate !m4 ,! citiz5s1 ^: lives are a succession ( days1 deal 9 su* adjectives z *>act]ize ! wea!r ( ! day1 accord+ to _! class1 or temp]am5t1 or bus9ess2 & x is pleasant1 or f9e1 or v pleasant or f9e2 beautiful1 delightful1 spl5did1 or glori\s2 or unpleasant1 ra9y1 /ormy1 dismal1 dreadful or horrible4 ,! f>m] deals ) ! wea!r ( consid]able p]iods2 ) =w>d or backw>d seasons1 ) cold snaps or hot spells1 & wet spells or dry spells4 ,& !re are _m int]m$iate v>ieties4 ,! acute obs]v] w f9d mu* 9 !m to in/ruct & amuse him1 & w probably be surpris$ to f9d h[ mu* !y h to d ) 8 fir/ impressions ( o!rs4 ,b ,i h a m important object 9 view4 ,i propose to deal ) ,! ,,philosophy ( ! ,wea!r--to exam9e ! nature & op]ation ( ! arrangem5ts f :i* ! ph5om5a result2 to /rip ! subject1 if possible1 ( "s ( ! complication & my/]y 9 :i* tradition>y axioms & false !ories cont9ue to envelop x2 to endeavor to grasp its pr9ciples1 & unfold !m 9 a pla91 concise1 & sy/ematic mann]1 to ! compreh5sion ( ! _m1 :o are equal p>tn]s ) ! sci5tific 9 its practical1 if n 9 its philosophic int]e/2 & to d$uce a few g5]al rules by :i* its *anges may be und]/ood1 &1 ultimately1 to a consid]able ext5t1 =ese54 ,?is is n an easy1 p]haps n a prud5t und]tak+4 ,nor is my position exactly t ( a volunte]4 ,a few words seem necess>y1 !re=e1 by way ( apology & explanation4 ,9 ! fall ( #ahec1 9 ! ev5+ ( a fair autumnal day1 ,i />t$ = ,h>t=d1 9 ! express tra94 ,j above ,m]id51 an acqua9tance sitt+ beside me1 :o _h be5 felicitat+ himself on ! prospect ( f9e wea!r = a j\rney to ! nor?1 call$ my att5tion to sev]al small pat*es ( scud--cl\ds he call$ !m--to ! ea/w>d ( u1 betwe5 u & ! full cle> moon1 :i* seem$ to be enl>g+ & travel+ s\?--& ask$ :at !y meant4 ,ah6 said ,i1 !y are scud1 =m+ ov] ! c5tral & nor!rn portions ( ,connecticut1 induc$ & attract$ by ! influ5ce ( a /orm :i* is pass+ f ! we/w>d to ! ea/w>d1 ov] ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,new ,engl&1 & are travel+ t[>d x 9 a s\!rly surface w9d1 :i* we h run into4 ,!y seem to g s\?1 because we are runn+ nor? fa/] ?an !y4 ,y see !m at ! ea/w>d because !y are =m+ successively z ! /orm & its influ5ce passes 9 t direction1 & are mo/ readily se5 9 ! range ( ! moon2 b :5 we rea* ,h>t=d y w see !m 9 e direction1 m num]\s & d5se1 runn+ nor? to und]lie t /orm4 ,i _h se5 su* appe>ances too _m times to be deceiv$4 ,x 0 s4 ,:5 we arriv$ at ,h>t=d !y 7 visible 9 all directions1 runn+ to ! nor?w>d at ! rate ( tw5ty-five miles an h\r4 ,9 ! space ( =ty m9utes we _h pass$ f a cle>1 calm atmosph]e 7& :i* /ill rema9$ s71 into a cl\dy1 damp air1 & brisk w9d bl[+ 9 ! same direction we 7 travel+1 & t[>d a heavy /orm4 ,my fri5d pass$ on1 & met ! s\!rn edge ( ! ra9 at ,de]field1 & _h a mo/ unpleasant j\rney dur+ ! =5oon ( ! next day4 ,tak+ ! c>s soon aft]w>ds1 9 ! aft]noon1 = ! s\?1 ,i f\nd him on 8 return4 ,%all ,i h fair wea!r n[ till ,i get home8 said he4 ,!re are no indications ( a /orm "h1 or at pres5t1 ,i repli$1 b we may obs]ve !m else:]e1 & at nightfall4 ,he kept a %>p look-out1 &1 z we ne>$ ,new ,hav51 discov]$ fa9t l9es ( cirrus cl\d l[ d[n 9 ! we/1 ext5d+ 9 p>allel b>s1 contract+ into ?reads1 up f ! we/]n horizon1 9 an ,e4 ,n4 ,e4 direction t[>d ! z5i?4 ,n[1 :at is t8 said he4 ,! ea/]n outly+ edge ( a ,n4 ,e4 /orm1 approa*+ f ! ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 ,x is n[ ra9+ f #aej to #bjj miles to ! we/w>d ( ! ea/]n extremity ( ^? b>s ( cirrus-cond5sation2 p]haps m1 p]haps less2 & "u ^? b>s ( cond5sation ! w9d is attract$1 & is bl[+ f ! ,n4 ,e4 t[>d ! body ( ! /orm1 & :]e ! cond5sation is suffici5tly d5se to drop ra94 ,t d5se portion w rea* "h1 & x w ra9 f twelve to fifte5 h\rs h5ce4 ,z we pass along ! %ore1 & run "u t out-ly+ advance cirrus-cond5sation1 we %all see t ! vessels 9 ! ,s\nd h ! w9d f ! ,n4 ,e41 fre%5+1 b we %all cont9ue to h ?is light & sc>cely-p]ceptible air f ! nor?w>d = a "t--! ,n4 ,e4 w9d always sett+ 9 t[>d an approa*+ /orm1 out on ! ,s\nd1 mu* soon] ?an ^u ! l&4 ,z we approa*$ ! /orm1 & ! /orm u1 ! evid5ce ( d5s] cond5sation at ! we/1 & ( w9d f ! ea/1 bl[+ t[>d x1 became m app>5t4 ,! =e & aft vessels 7 runn+ up ,s\nd ) %eet out & boom (f1 be=e a fre% ,n4 ,e4 breeze1 & my fri5d 0 a/oni%$4 ,i mu/ und]/& ?is1 said he2 h[ is x8 ,all v simple4 ,! page ( nature spread out above u is intelligible to him :o w att5tively /udy x4 ,! laws :i* produce ! impressions & *anges ^u t page1 are few & compreh5sible4 ,al?\gh !re is great v>iety1 ev5 ^u ! limit$ portion :i* is b\nd$ by our horizon1 !re is also sub/antial uni=mity2 &1 al?\gh ! *anges are always ext5sive1 (t5 cov]+ an area ( "o ?\s& miles or m1 & our vision c n ext5d 9 any direction m ?an f ?irty to fifty1 yet ^? *anges are always1 to a consid]able ext5t1 intelligible1 & may (t5 be =ese54 ,has meteorology made su* progress8 ,by no means4 ,x has1 inde$1 be5 rais$ to ! dignity ( a sci5ce1 & pr(essor%ips end[$ = its advancem5t4 ,"s books h be5 writt51 & _m !ories broa*$ 9 relation to x2 & innum]able obs]vations ( ! /ates ( ! b>omet] & !rmomet]1 ( ! cl\ds1 & ! quantity ( fall5 ra91 & ! direction & =ce ( ! w9d--made & record$ simultane\sly 9 diff]5t c\ntries--h be5 publi%$ & comp>$2 & a great _m important facts e/abli%$1 & tables ( 'means' con/ruct$1 & j inf]5ces drawn1 yet ! few & simple arrangem5ts ^u :i* all ! ph5om5a dep5d1 & _! philosophy1 h n yet be5 cle>ly elicit$ or und]/ood4 ,h n ! ',am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce' arriv$ at "s def9ite & s\nd conclusion ^u ! subject8 ,no2 x has be5 ) !m1 = _m ye>s1 an int]e/+ subject = pap]s & debate4 ,"s v valuable articles1 ^u p>ticul> topics1 or bran*es ( ! subject1 h be5 read & publi%$4 ,b ! ,cyclonologi/s1 z !y t]m !mselves1 & :o seem to ?9k ! great "q is1 ',are /orms :irlw9ds8' appe> ) new editions & phases ( _! favorite views z regul>ly z ! annual meet+ recurs2 &1 ?\gh !y h n conv9c$1 !y seem to h sil5c$ _! oppon5ts4 ,! only conclusion1 h[ev]1 judg+ f _! debates1 to :i* ! ,association appe> to h come ) any consid]able unanimity1 is1 t !y are yet )\t suffici5t au!ntic obs]vations & well-e/abli%$ facts1 to au?orize ! adoption ( ! ,huttonian1 ,daltonian1 ,gyratory1 or ,aspiratory1 or any ( ! o!r num]\s !ories :i* ab\nd4 ,& !y are "r4 ,! subject is my/ifi$ by ^! !ories & speculations ( ! /udy1 f\nd$ on b>ometrical & !rmometrical records1 & ! direction & =ce ( ! surface w9ds4 ,! qualities ( heat 7 among ! e>li] discov]ies ( sci5ce1 & all ! ph5om5a ( ! wea!r 7 =?) attribut$ to its influ5ce4 ,ha/ily-=m$ & errone\s views ( its p[]1 & ! mann] ( its action 9 p>ticul> localities1 & "u p>ticul> circum/ances1 h reta9$ ! cr$5ce accord$ to !m :5 fir/ ann\nc$1 al?\gh subsequ5t discov]ies h %[n _! fallacy2 "s new !ory ( modification hav+ be5 inv5t$ to reconcile ! discrepancies z soon z !y appe>$4 ,p]haps x is n too mu* to say 7h[ev] x may seem to "o n ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! subject1 :o does n "k t ! prim>y & second>y modify+ hypo!ses f\nd 9 ,kaemtz1 may be c\nt$ by hundr$s7 t !re is n rema9+ 9 any o!r sci5ce1 & possibly 9 all o!rs1 an equal am\nt ( false & absurd !ory1 & ( =c$ & unnatural gr\p+ ( admitt$ facts to su/a9 x1 z 9 meteorology z at pres5t taught & receiv$4 ,a/ronomy1 z a sci5ce1 is almo/ p]fect$--! nature1 & size1 & orbits1 ( ! di/ant worlds ar\nd u are kn[n--:ile con/ant *anges & alt]nat+ atmosph]ic conditions1 :i* all occur )9 less ?an six miles ( u1 affect+ all our important int]e/s1 & obvi\s to our s5ses1 al?\gh mu* talk$ (f1 & made ! objects ( _m !ories1 are b little und]/ood4 ,h[1 !n1 did y acquire ! in=mation y seem to possess8 ,by /udy+ '! c\nt5ance ( ! sky1' = 9 no o!r way has su* in=mation ev] be51 or c x ev] be1 acquir$4 ,by a long-cont9u$1 daily1 & sometimes h\rly obs]vation ( ! cl\ds & curr5ts ( ! atmosph]e1 9 connection ) su* reports ( ! !n /ate ( ! wea!r else:]e1 z h fall5 "u my notice1 & ! effect ( its *anges ^u ! animal creation--= v mu* c be le>n$ f !m4 ,yond] flock ( black ducks t sit on t in%ore rock1 above ! tide--! wilde/ & mo/ suspici\s ( all _! tribe--al?\gh ! air is calm ab\t !m1 "k well t a /orm is at h&4 ,!y probably bo? see & feel x4 ,z twilight approa*es !y w fly away inl&1 =ty or fifty miles p]haps1 & settle among ! lilies or grass :i* surr\nd "s fre%-wat] pond1 c]ta9 ( rema9+ :ile ! /orm la/s1 & = "o day at lea/1 out ( dang]1 & undi/urb$4 ,_m a "t1 9 my boyhood1 h ,i he>d1 9 ! /illness ( ev5+1 ! :i/l+ ( _! w+s1 z !y swept up ! ,connecticut valley1 to seek1 on ! bord]s ( ! coves1 & 9 ! creeks ( ! mead[s1 a conceal$ & safe fe$+-place dur+ a com+ /orm4 ,& _m a "t 9 ! autumn1 aft] !y _h all pass$ d[n = ! season1 :5 ! indications ( an approa*+ /orm 7 cle>ly visible at nightfall1 h ,i wait$ = !m to return1 on ! ea/]n m>g9 ( a b5d 9 ! cove1 on ! ea/]n side ( a creek1 to %oot !m1 ?\gh invisible1 by %oot+ across ! head ( ! wake1 :i* !y made ^u ! wat] 9 alight+1 & f :i* ! few rema9+ rays ( twilight t came f ! we/]n sky 7 reflect$4 ,b ,i am f> f be+ s+ul> 9 ?is4 ,t page is m ext5sively read ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,_m pla91 unassum+ m5--f>m]s1 %ipma/]s1 & o!rs )9 ! circle ( my acqua9tance--"k m1 practically1 ( ! wea!r ?an ! mo/ le>n$ closet-!ori/1 or ! mo/ indefatigable record] ( its *anges4 ,e "o1 by /udy+ ! page ( nature above him1 z he w\ld ! page ( any o!r sci5ce1 & te/+1 by obs]vation1 ! num]\s !ories inv5t$ to acc\nt = ! v>i$ ph5om5a1 may le>n mu*1 v mu*1 t w be useful & int]e/+ to him1 & :i* he c nev] le>n f books1 or in/rum5ts1 or !ories alone4 ,well1 said my fri5d1 ,i am too f> advanc$ 9 life1 z are _m o!rs1 to comm5ce su* obs]vations1 & y mu/ publi%4 ,i demurr$1 & he insi/$4 ,x is difficult to sp>e ! "t2 & ,i c n neglect my pr(ession1 ,i urg$4 ,:]e !re is a w !re is a way1 he repli$4 ,x is difficult to make "o's self und]/ood )\t _m illu/rations4 ,v well1 !y are easily obta9$4 ,b !y co/ money1 & x is said 'sci5ce w n pay its way' l fiction & humbug4 ,t1 said he1 is a libel--su* sci5ce w4 ,e "o is int]e/$ 9 ! wea!r--all talk ab\t x--& ?\s&s w\ld c>efully obs]ve x1 if !y c\ld be correctly guid$ 9 _! obs]vations4 ,i may get into unpleasant controv]sy4 ,suppose y d2 y c yield y\r position if wrong1 & ma9ta9 x if "r1 & magna e/ v]itas4 ,b ,i may be mi/ak5 9 "s ( ! views to :i* x w be necess>y to adv]t1 if ,i attempt to sy/ematize ! subject4 ,be x s--y\r mi/akes may lead o!rs to ! discov]y ( ! tru?4 ,besides1 ! wea!r is common prop]ty1 & e "o has a "r to !orize ab\t x1 or to talk ab\t x1 z !y please--ev5 to call a /ormy day a pleasant "o1 or make any o!r mi/ak5 rem>k conc]n+ x2 & e o!r p]son is entitl$ to a l latitude ( reply4 ,& fur!r1 said he1 ) "s emphasis1 no important obs]vation1 9 relation to a subject ( su* int]e/1 %\ld be lo/2 &1 if y h obs]v$ "o new fact1 or drawn "o new & j inf]5ce f ^? :i* h be5 obs]v$ by o!rs2 & especially if1 f obs]vation & read+1 y c d$uce f ! ph5om5a an intelligible1 obs]vable1 g5]al sy/em1 x is n only y\r "r1 b duty1 to make x kn[n4 ,su* a k ( ! true sy/em is greatly desir$ by e consid]ate man4 ,to my fri5d's la/ argum5t ,i 0 compell$ to yield4 ,i c\ld make no reply consi/5t ) ! great pr9ciples ( frat]nity1 :i* ,i %all ev] recognize4 ,! promise 0 giv54 ,my fri5d w5t on 8 way1 & ,i w5t to ! dagu]reotypi/ to procure a copy ( ! !n appe>ance ( ! sky1 z ! fir/ /ep t[>d its fulfillm5t4 ,! fulfillm5t ( t promise1 read]1 y w f9d 9 ! foll[+ "w4 ,x 0 comm5c$ z an article = a magaz9e1 b x has gr[n on my h&s to a volume4 ,ju/ice c\ld n well be done to ! subject 9 less space4 ,x has be5 writt5 dur+ occasional & di/ant int]vals ( relaxation f pr(essional avocations1 or dur+ convalesc5ce f sickness1 & x is1 = ^! reasons1 some:at imp]fect 9 /yle & arrangem5t4 ,b ,i h no "t to rewrite4 ,!re is mu* 9 x :i* w be old to ^? :o read j\rnals ( sci5ce1 b new to ^? :o d n4 ,!re is m :i* w be new to all classes ( read]s1 & may1 p]haps1 be deem$ h]etical & revolution>y by cons]vative meteorologi/s2 yet ,i feel assur$ t ! "w is a /ep 9 ! "r direction--t x conta9s a sub/antially accurate exposition ( ! ,philosophy ( ! ,wea!r1 & valuable sugge/ions = ! practical obs]v]4 ,i h ins]t$ my "n 9 ! title-page1 contr>y to my orig9al int5tion1 & at ! sugge/ion ( o!rs2 = ,i h no sci5tific reputation :i* w aid ! publi%] to sell a copy4 ,nor d ,i desire to acquire su* reputation4 ,x c nev] =m any "p ( my capital 9 life4 ,nor has x influ5c$ me at all 9 prep>+ ! "w4 ,i h aim$ to fulfill a promise1 too ha/ily giv51 p]haps--to put on record ! obs]vations ,i h made1 & ! inf]5ces ,i h drawn f ^? ( o!rs--to induce & assi/ fur!r obs]vations1 &1 if possible1 ( a g5]al & connect$ "*--& to impress ^? :o may read :at ,i h writt5 ) ! belief1 t !y w d]ive a degree ( pleasure f a daily famili>ity )1 & intellig5t und]/&+ (1 ! c\nt5ance ( ! sky1 n exce$$ by t :i* any o!r sci5ce c af=d !m4 ,i h exam9$1 ) entire fre$om & fe>lessness 7b ,i tru/ 9 a mann] :i* w n be deem$ c5surable or 9 bad ta/e7 ! !ories & suppos$ errone\s views ( o!rs1 =1 9 my judgm5t1 ! advancem5t ( ! sci5ce requires x4 ,says ,sir ,george ,h>vey1 9 8 able article on ,meteorology1 writt5 = ! ,encyclopa$ia ,metropolitana3 ,x is humiliat+ to ^? :o h be5 mo/ occupi$ 9 cultivat+ ! sci5ce ( meteorology1 to see an agriculturi/ or a wat]man1 :o has nei!r in/rum5ts nor !ory1 =etell ! future *anges ( ! wea!r _m days be=e !y happ51 ) a precision :i* ! philosoph]1 aid$ by all ! res\rces ( sci5ce1 w\ld be unable to atta94 ,! admissions conta9$ 9 ?is p>agraph1 9 relation to ! comp>ative uselessness ( in/rum5ts & !ories1 & ! value ( practical obs]vation1 are bo? 9 a good measure true4 ,& ! "t has come1 or %\ld spe$ily come1 :5 pride ( op9ion1 & esprit du corps1 among !ori/s & philosoph]s1 %\ld nei!r be indulg$ 91 nor respect$2 & :5 _! !ories %\ld be freely discuss$1 & rigidly te/$ by ! obs]vations ( practical m54 ,su* measure1 !re=e1 z ,i h met$1 ,i invite 9 return4 ,let :atev] ,i h advanc$1 t is new1 or adopt$ t is old1 be z rigidly te/$1 & z freely discuss$4 ,let ! errors1 if !re be any--& d\btless !re are--be detect$ & expos$4 ,let ! ,,tru? be s\ght by all2 & meteorology1 z a ,,practical ,,sci5ce1 advance to t full measure ( p]fection & usefulness1 ( :i* x is unque/ionably susceptible4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,*apt] ,i4 ,heat & moi/ure are indisp5sable to ! f]tillity ( ! e>?--,arrangem5ts exi/ = _! diffusion & di/ribution1 & all ! ph5om5a ( ! wea!r result f _! op]ation--,heat furni%$ or produc$ ma9ly by ! direct action ( ! sun's rays--,mann] 9 :i* x is diffus$ ov] ! e>?--,o!r causes op]ate besides ! sun's rays--,! e>? int5sely heat$ 9 its int]ior--,heat d]iv$ f ! great ,oceanic curr5ts1 & ! a]ial curr5ts :i* fl[ f ! tropics to ! poles1 & f magnetism & electricity--,wat] di/ribut$ by an atmosph]ic ma*9]y z ext5sive z ! globe--,evid5ces ( ?is--,its di/ribution ov] ! cont95ts ( ,nor? ,am]ica--,explanation ( x--,s\rce f :5ce our supply ( wat] is d]iv$1 & f :i* our riv]s return #a ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,our riv]s return 9 ! =m ( cl\ds1 & 9 /orms & %[]s--,def9ition & "* ( /orms--,diff]5ces 9 ! "* ( ! cl\ds :i* con/itute !m--,nom5clature ( ,h[>d--,its imp]fections--,new ord] ( description--,l[ fog--,high fog--,/orm fog--,/orm scud--,n4 ,w4 scud--,cumulus-- ,/ratus--,cirrus--,comp\nds ( ! two latt]--recapitulation 9 tabul> =m #bd ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,our riv]s d n return f ! ,nor? ,atlantic--,all /orms & %[]s move f ! we/w>d to ! ea/w>d--,seem+ cl\ds se5 mov+ f ! ea/w>d to ! we/w>d are scud--,!y are incid5ts ( ! /orm1 & n a necess>y "p ( x--,! /orm cl\ds are above !m1 mov+ to ! ea/w>d--,occasions :5 ?is may be se5--,admitt$ facts prove x--,inve/igations prove x--,may be kn[n f analogy--,f ! fact t !re is an a]ial curr5t pursu+ ! same c\rse 9 :i* ! /orms orig9ate--,"* ( ?is curr5t--,its influ5ce ^u our c\ntry--,importance ( a k ( its orig91 cause1 & ! reciprocal action betwe5 x & ! e>?--,to ?is end necess>y to g d[n to ! *amb]s ( ! ,s\? #dc ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,! trade w9d region--,its ext5t & arrangem5ts--,its belt ( daily ra9s & movable "*--,! trade w9ds--,! extra tropical belt ( ra9s--,connection betwe5 !m & _! annual movem5ts--,! c\nt]-trades--,_! orig9 & situation--,"o ( !m con/itutes our a]ial curr5t--,x orig9ates 9 ! ,s\? ,atlantic z a surface-trade--,anomalies ( ! trade w9d region--,dry seasons--,humboldt's description ( !m--,exi/ :]e ! surface trades are situat$--,! ra9less c\ntries-- ,conc5trat$ c\nt]-trade--,monsoons--,receiv$ !ory 9 relation to !m a fallacy--,cause ( ! great c5tral ph5om5a-- ,calorific !ory a fallacy--,l& n hott] "u ! belt ( ra9s1 nor sea mat]ially s--,!ory %\ld be ab&on$ #eb ,,*apt] ,v4 ,! ag5t1 magnetism--,its "* & curr5ts--,oxyg5 magnetic--,precipitation at ! belt ( ra9s occasion$ by depol>ization--,/orms orig9ate 9 ?is c5tral belt1 & move t[>d ! poles #hb ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,c\rse & functions ( ! c\nt]-trade--,ours come f ! ,s\? ,atlantic--,reason :y x c n come f ! ,pacific-- ,mi/ake ( ,mr4 ,r$field & ,lieut5ant ,maury 9 reg>d to x-- ,all our /orms orig9ate 9 x--,pro(s ( ?is--,/ate ( ! wea!r1 :e!r hot or cold affect$ by x--,pro(s ( ?is--,all our surface w9ds are incid5ts ( x1 & due to its conditions & attractions--,pro(s ( ?is--,"* ( ! diff]5t w9ds--,anomalies ( ,mr4 ,blodgett acc\nt$ =--,receiv$ !ory 9 reg>d to sea & l& breezes a mi/ak5 "o--,pro(s ( ?is--,peculi> "* ( ! ,n4 ,w4 w9d--,id5tity ) ! w9t] ,mexican nor!rs--,"* ( ! ,we/ ,india hurricanes-- ,( ! ?und]-gu/--,( ! tornado--,sundry p>ticul>s 9 relation to ! latt]--,due to curr5ts ( electricity-- ,proportions ( w9ds 9 diff]5t localities--,exam9ation ( ! "w ( ,pr(essor ,c(f9 ^u t subject--,exam9ation ( ,lieut5ant ,maury's !ory ( ! monsoons #ib ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,height ( ! c\nt]-trade 9 diff]5t latitudes--,cause ( ! ,calms ( ,canc]--,influ5ce ( m\nta9s ^u ! c\nt]-trade-- ,reports ( ,h]ndon & ,gibbon--,focus ( precipitation 9 ! extra-tropical belt nor? ( its s\!rn l9e--,evid5ces ( ?is--,! elevation ( ! c\nt]-trade above ! e>? v>ies 9 ! same latitude ) ! v>iations 9 ! ph5om5a ( ! wea!r--,temp]ature ( ! c\nt]-trade--,ra9 du/1 its orig9 & indications--,volcanic a%es--,h[ f> !y indicate its c\rse ( progression--,"q :e!r !re is an ea/]n progression ( ! body ( ! atmosph]e above ! ma*9]y ( di/ribution #agi ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,important to und]/& ! precise "* ( ! reciprocal action betwe5 ! e>? & ! c\nt]-trade--,connection betwe5 ! wid? & movem5ts ( ! belt ( int]-tropical ra9s & ! volume ( ! trades--,its peculi>ities ov] ,africa1 ! ,atlantic1 & ,s\? ,am]ica--,! magnetic equator-- ,"* ( ! /orms :i* orig9ate 9 ! int]-tropical belt indicate local magnetic action--,suppos$ influ5ce ( volcanic action--,gulf ,/ream *anges its position--,?is ! result ( magnetic action--,alt]nat+ contra/s ( heat & cold1 & ra9 & dr\ght--,dr4 ,web/]'s hi/ory ( ! wea!r--,spots ^u ! sun--,_! "* & influ5ce--,cold or w>m p]iods dur+ ! same decade1 & dur+ diff]5t decades--,connection betwe5 ! spots & magnetic di/urbances & v>iations--,influ5ce ( ! moon ^u ! wea!r--,no decisive inf]5ce to be drawn f ^! facts1 & a m critical exam9ation necess>y #bjd ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,exam9ation ( exi/+ !ories--,calorific !ory ! prevail+ "o--,lat]al ov]fl[ ( ,pr(essor ,dove--,absurdity ( 8 views 9 relation to !m--,8 !ory ( hurricanes--,its absurdity--,a new !ory by ,mr4 ,dobson--,?ree !ories advanc$ by meteorologi/s ( ?is c\ntry--,pr(essor ,espy's !ory--,mr4 ,bassnett's !ory--,mr4 ,r$field's !ory--,ext5d$ exam9ation ( ! latt]--,8 !ory 9 relation to ! fall ( ! b>omet] contradictory 9 its "*--,philosophy ( ! b>ometric *ange--,no aid to be d]iv$ f ^! !ories #bcb ,,*apt] ,x4 ,fur!r inquiry 9 relation to ! reciprocal action betwe5 ! e>? & ! c\nt]-trade--,t]re/rial magnetism1 & :at we "k ( x--,its elem5ts1 & _! v>iations--,_! connection ) ! v>iations ( atmosph]ic condition--,magnetism acts ?r\gh its connection ) electricity--,"* ( ! latt] & its v>iations--,_! connection ) atmosph]ic conditions-- ,electricity z well z magnetism 9 excess ov] ?is c\ntry-- ,effects ( x ^u our climate--,clos] consid]ation ( ! atmosph]ic ph5om5a--,_! diurnal *anges & connections comp>$ ) ^? ( magnetism & electricity--,gr\p+ ( all ! diurnal v>iations--,p>ticul> & sep>ate exam9ation ( !m--,classification ( /orms--,exam9ation 9 detail ( ! sev]al classes & ! prim>y influ5ce ( ! e>? or c\nt]-trade 9 relation to ea* #bhe ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,progno/ics #cdj ,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,! ,,wea!r4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,heat & moi/ure are indisp5sable to ! f]tility ( ! e>?4 ,)\t suitable arrangem5ts = _! diffusion & di/ribution1 & )9 ! limits ( c]ta9 m9ima & maxima1 x w\ld n h be5 habitable1 or ! design ( its ,creator p]fect$4 ,^! arrangem5ts !re=e exi/1 & :ile ! e>? rema9e? se$ "t & h>ve/ %all n cease4 ,few & simple 9 _! "*1 ?\gh necess>ily some:at complicat$ & irregul> 9 _! op]ation1 ! ultimate result is always atta9$4 ,a beautiful sy/em ( comp5sations supplies ! losses ( e app>5t irregul>ity 9 "o section or crop1 by ! abundance ( o!rs4 ,f ! op]ation ( ^! few1 simple1 connect$1 & intelligible arrangem5ts = ! diffusion ( heat & ! di/ribution ( moi/ure ov] ! e>?1 result all ! ph5om5a :i* con/itute ! wea!r2 & by /udy+ !m1 & _! op]ation1 we may acquire an accurate k ( its ,philosophy4 ,! necess>y heat is furni%$1 or produc$1 ma9ly by ! direct action ( ! sun's rays2 & ! mo/ obvi\s feature 9 ! arrangem5ts = its diffusion is t by :i* ! sun is made to %9e successively & alt]nately ^u diff]5t portions ( ! e>?4 ,no?+ animate or organic c\ld endure 8 burn+ rays1 if !y %one cont9u\sly or v]tically ^u "o po9t1 or c\ld exi/ )\t _! occasional pres5ce4 ,h5ce ! provision = a diurnal rotation1 to prev5t ! exposure ( any portion ( ! globe to ! action ( ^? rays = tw5ty-f\r consecutive h\rs1 except = a limit$ p]iod1 & at a consid]able angle1 9 ! pol> regions4 ,b ! e>? is sph]oidal1 & a diurnal revolution w\ld /ill leave t portion :i* lies "u ! equator too mu*1 & ! o!r too little1 expos$ to ! action ( ! sun4 ,?is is obviat$ by an annual revolution ( ! e>? ar\nd ! sun1 & an obliquity ( its axis1 by reason ( :i* ! nor!rn & s\!rn portions are alt]nately &1 z f> z ! tropics v]tically1 expos$ to ! sun2 & x is made to travel 7s to speak7 f tropic to tropic1 produc+ summ] & w9t]1 & o!r important ph5om5a4 ,?is obliquity & consequ5t *ange ( exposure are 9 degree precisely :at ! wants ( ! e>? w\ld seem to require4 ,if x 0 great]1 ! sun w\ld travel fur!r nor? & s\?1 b ! alt]nate w9t]s w\ld be long] & m sev]e4 ,if x 0 less1 ! end w\ld n be z p]fectly atta9$4 ,! direct action ( ! sun's rays ^u ! e>?1 p>ticul>ly ^? portions :i* lie nor? & s\? ( ! tropics1 is n ! only s\rce f :i* ! supply ( heat is d]iv$4 ,al?\gh !re is a g5]al increase ( heat 9 spr+ & summ] :5 ! sun travels nor?1 & ( cold :5 he travels s\? 9 w9t]1 yet !re are frequ5t irregul>ities att5d+ bo?4 ,v sudd5 & great *anges occur 9 ea* ( !m4 ,fro/ sometimes1 cool wea!r (t51 occurs 9 midsumm]1 & consid]able heat & tornadoes 9 midw9t]4 ,& ord9>ily ! maxima & m9ima ( ea* mon? &1 inde$1 ( ea* week are widely ap>t4 ,ev5 9 ! pol> regions1 9 midw9t]1 :]e ! sun does n %9e at all1 ! same mod]at+ *anges ) :i* we are conv]sant occur 9 degree4 ,an extract or two f ! regi/] f\nd 9 ,dr4 ,kane's n>rative ( ! ,gr9nell ,exp$ition w illu/rate ?is4 ,,janu>y #ahea1 7,,latitude ,,ab\t #gd deg41 ,,longitude ,,ab\t #gj deg474 ,date4 ,w9d4 ,=ce4 ,!r4 ,b>4 ,sky & ,wea!r4 ,jan4 #c calm -#bf4a #bi4fb blue sky1 m4 #d ,w4 g5t breeze -#ba4c #bi4ec blue sky1 deta*$ cl\ds1 m4 #e ,w4 by ,n4 g5t breeze -#c4i #bi4ei blue sky1 m41 cl\d$ ov]4 #f ,w4 by ,s4 light breeze -#j4h #bi4fg cl\d$ ov]1 m41 sn[4 #g ,w4 g5t breeze -#ad4d #bi4if blue sky1 deta*$ cl\ds1 m4 #h ,w4,s4,w4 light air -#ba4b #cj4ad blue sky1 m4 #bi ,w4,n4,w4 light air -#ah4i #cj4ai blue sky4 #cj ,,nw4 by ,w4 light air -#ac4e #cj4ag cl\d$ ov]1 m4 #ca ,,nw4 by ,w4 g5t breeze -#d4d #bi4ce cl\d$ ov]1 sn[4 ,feb4 #a ,w4 light breeze -#aa4g #bi4bg cl\dy1 blue sky1 m4 #b ,w4 light air -#be4a #bi4fb blue sky1 deta*$ cl\ds1 m4 ,^! extracts are in/ructive4 ,x w be se5 t on ! #c;d ( ,janu>y1 :5 ! sun _h be5 abs5t "s weeks1 x 0 calm1 ! !rmomet] /ood at #bf deg4 bel[ z]o 7! - or m9us m>k be=e ! figures indicates t71 & ! b>omet] at #bi4fb1 ) blue sky1 some:at mi/y or hazy--7! lett] m4 /&+ = mi/y or hazy7--a /ate ( ! air :i* exi/$ mo/ ( ! "t :5 x did n sn[ or ra91 & !re=e is ( no importance 9 ?is connection4 ,! next day ! !rmomet] began to rise1 & ! b>omet] to fall4 ,on ! #e? x cl\d$ ov]1 & ! !rmomet] rose rapidly1 & on ! #f? x _h ris5 m ?an #be deg41 & sn[ fell4 ,on ! #g? x cle>$ (f1 ! !rmomet] fell rapidly1 & ! b>omet] rose4 ,on ! #h? ! !rmomet] _h fall5 to #ba deg4 bel[ z]o1 & ! b>omet] _h ris5 to #cj4ad4 ,ano!r in/ance1 9 all respects simil>1 occurr$ ! latt] "p ( ! mon?4 ,we %all see h]eaft] t ^! *anges are precisely l ^? :i* occur ) u1 & e :]e4 ,t1 z 9 ! pol> regions1 & :e!r ! sun be pres5t or abs5t1 or obscur$ by cl\ds1 & by night z well z by day1 ! *anges f w>m to cold & f cold to w>m are sudd5 & great1 & t ! latt] are connect$ ) ! fall ( ra9 & sn[--t e :]e 9 w9t] x mod]ates to /orm4 ,_m o!r in/ructive in/ances1 especially 9 relation to ! great diff]5ce 9 ! seasons 9 our own c\ntry1 & ^u ! same p>allels else:]e1 might be cit$ if x 7 necess>y4 ,b !y w m appropriately appe> 9 ! sequel4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,9 ! above cut ! iso!rmal l9es are ,c5tigrade4 ,! z]o ( ! ,c5tigrade !rmomet] is ! freez+ po9t ( wat]1 or #cb deg4 ( ,fahr5heit4 ,! boil+ po9t ( wat] is #ajj deg4 ,c5tigrade1 or #bab deg4 ,fahr5heit4 ,a degree ( ,c5tigrade is equal to "o degree & f\r-fif?s1 ,fahr5heit4 ,! #j deg4 l9e ( ! cut1 !re=e1 is #cb deg4 ( ,fahr5heit--! l9e ( #e deg4 above is #da deg4 ,fahr5heit--! l9e ( #e deg4 bel[ is #bc deg4 ,fahr5heit1 & s on4 ,! read]1 :o is n famili> ) ! diff]5ce 9 ! scale ( ! !rmomet]1 is desir$ to rememb] ?is2 = we %all make occasional extracts 9 :i* ! temp]ature is giv5 9 ! ,c5tigrade scale4 ,! cause ( ^? irregul>ities1 especially 9 ! same seasons ( diff]5t ye>s1 & :5 v great1 is (t5 s\ght & suppos$ to be f\nd 9 ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( spots on ! sun1 ice floes & b]gs 9 ! ,atlantic1 etc41 etc4 ,b nei!r ! spots1 nor ice1 nor o!r local causes produce !m4 ,! cause w be f\nd 9 ! "* ( ! arrangem5ts we are consid]+1 & ! irregul> action ( ! p[] :i* controls !m4 ,nor is ! temp]ature ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 nor? ( ! tropics1 equal 9 ! same latitudes4 ,v great div]sities exi/ 9 ! annual mean z well z ! mean ( ! diff]5t seasons4 ,accurate obs]vations at _m po9ts h enabl$ m5 ( sci5ce to demon/rate ?is by draw+ iso!rmal l9es 7i4 e41 l9es ( equal av]age annual heat7 f po9t to po9t ar\nd ! e>?1 :i* %[ at a glance ^! diff]5ces4 ,! annex$ cut is a pol> projection ( ! iso!rmal l9es ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 z f> d[n z ! tropic1 copi$ f ,kaemtz's ,meteorology4 ,! dott$ l9es %[ ! p>allels ( latitude1 ! d>k l9es ! iso!rmal l9es1 or l9es ( equal annual av]age temp]ature4 ,! read] is desir$ to obs]ve h[ r>ely !y correspond ) ! p>allels ( latitude1 & h[ !y fall bel[ 9 a few in/ances1 & 9 o!rs ) great uni=mity rise almo/ to ! pole4 ,take1 = example1 ! iso!rmal l9e ( #j or z]o--t is1 ! l9e :]e ! mean or av]age height ( ! !rmomet] = ! ye> is at z]o4 ,at ,behr+'s ,/raits ?is l9e is a little bel[ ! ,arctic circle1 or ! p>allel ( #ff4cj nor? latitude4 ,pass+ ea/ ov] ,nor? ,am]ica1 x desc5ds into ,canada1 almo/ to ,lake ,sup]ior1 & to ab\t ! #ej? p>allel3 t is to say1 x is on an av]age dur+ ! ye> z cold on our cont95t at ! #ej? p>allel z x is ne> ,behr+'s ,/raits at ! #fe? p>allel4 ,pass+ ea/1 ! l9e ( z]o rises aga9 ov] ! ,atlantic ,ocean until1 9 ! m]idian ( ,spitzb]g51 x rea*es1 )9 ! ,arctic circle1 up almo/ to ! #ge? p>allel4 ,s1 too1 ! iso!rmal ( #e deg4 bel[ z]o1 :i* is bel[ ! #fj? p>allel 9 ,sib]ia1 rises 9 ! ,nor? ,sea1 above ,behr+'s ,/raits1 to ! p>allel ( #ge deg41 desc5d+ on ! cont95t 9 ,nor? ,am]ica to ! #ee? p>allel1 & ris+ aga9 almo/ to ! pole at ,spitzb]g51 to desc5d aga9 9 ,sib]ia1 :ile ! iso!rmals ( #aj deg4 & #ae deg4 bel[ z]o1 :i* 9 ,nor? ,am]ica are b j above ! latitude ( #fj deg4 & #ge deg4 respectively1 asc5d abruptly surr\nd+ ! magnetic pole1 & fall+ %ort ( ! geographical "o4 ,let ?is projection ( ! l9es ( equal temp]ature1 & p>ticul>ly ! situation ( ! magnetic poles1 be /udi$ well1 = we %all recur to x h]eaft] 9 illu/ration ( _m important portions ( our subject4 ,x is app>5t f ^! facts1 & 7 x necess>y might be r5d]$ /ill m s by ref]r+ to o!rs1 t o!r causes op]ate 9 ! di/ribution ( heat ov] ! e>? besides ! direct action ( ! sun's rays ^u x4 ,d\btless v consid]able all[ance is to be made = ! diff]5ce ( seasons1 & diff]5ce dur+ ! same season ^u ! l& & ^u ! ocean2 9 m\nta9\s c\ntries & level ones4 ,b mak+ e all[ance = !m1 ! fact t o!r causes h a controll+ influ5ce 9 produc+ ! deviations /ill rema9s mo/ obvi\s4 ,nei!r ! diff]5ce ( temp]ature betwe5 ! l& & ! ocean1 or l& surfaces ( unequal elevations1 w acc\nt = ! elevation ( ! iso!rmal l9es on diff]5t portions ( ! ocean1 or _! ext5sion ar\nd ! magnetic poles4 ,return+ to a consid]ation ( ! arrangem5ts = ! diffusion ( heat1 we obs]ve3 ,fir/1 t ! e>? itself is int5sely heat$ 9 its int]ior4 ,?is is inf]r$1 & ju/ly1 f ! fact t ! !rmomet] is f\nd to rise ab\t "o degree = e fifty-five feet ( desc5t--:e!r 9 bor+ artesian wells1 explor+ caves1 or s9k+ %afts 9 m9es4 ,x is demon/rat$1 also1 by ! exi/5ce ( hot spr+s & ! action ( volcanoes4 ,heat is suppos$ to be conduct$ f ! c5t] t[>d ! surface e :]e1 b ) difficulty & sl[ly4 ,x is also suppos$ to be conduct$ f ! tropical regions t[>d ! poles4 ,su* is ! op9ion ( ,humboldt4 7,cosmos1 vol4 i4 p4 #afg47 ,probably x rea*es ! surface & ex]ts an influ5ce1 also1 ^u ! wea!r ?r\gh ! ocean1 & by heat+ x 9 its greate/ dep?s4 ,little att5tion has be5 paid1 s f> z ,i am in=m$1 to ! "q h[ f> ! ocean is ?us heat$ 9 tropical latitudes4 ,d\btless a portion ( ! w>m? ( ! ocean !re is d]iv$ f t s\rce1 & x has its influ5ce 9 *ang+ ! temp]ature ( ! deep-seat$ cold pol> curr5ts (1 ! great oceans4 ,p]haps x may yet be f\nd t ! iceb]gs are deta*$ by x 9 ! pol> seas--! obs]vations ( ,dr4 ,kane po9t to su* a result4 7,gr9nell ,exp$ition1 p4 #aac1 & also *ap4 #dh47 ,little ne$ be said ( ! inconsid]able quantities ( heat suppos$ to be d]iv$ by radiation f ! />s1 ! planets1 & f space4 ,if any su* are d]iv$ !y are too inconsid]able to be ( importance 9 ?is inquiry4 ,heat is also c>ri$1 & 9 quantities :i* ex]t v consid]able influ5ce ^u ! wea!r1 f ! tropics to ! poles by ! great oceanic curr5ts :i* fl[ unceas+ly f "o to ! o!r4 ,! mo/ important ( ^! ) :i* we are acqua9t$ is ! ,gulf ,/ream ( ! ,atlantic4 ,ga!r+ 9 ! ,s\? ,atlantic1 & pass+ nor? ?r\gh ! ,c>ibbean ,sea & ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 x issues out ?r\gh ! ,bahama ,*annel1 & fl[s nor? along ! ea/]n coa/ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b "s di/ance f x1 to ,newf\ndl&1 & f !nce cont9u+ to ! nor?-ea/ & spread+ out ov] ! surface ( ! ocean--a portion ( x m+l+ ) ! wat]s ( ! ,nor? ,atlantic 9 pass+--x fl[s up on ! we/]n coa/ ( ,europe1 ar\nd ! ,f>oe ,isl&s1 & ,spitzb]g51 to ! pol> sea2 pass+ ar\nd ,gre5l&1 & p]haps ?r\gh its ,fiords1 x desc5ds aga9 ?r\gh ! s\nds & *annels ( ! ,arctic regions into ,baff9's ,bay1 & ?r\gh ,davis's ,/raits1 burd5$ ) ! iceb]gs & floes ( ! pol> wat]s1 to return aga9 to ! ,s\? ,atlantic4 ,= reasons :i* w appe> 9 ! sequel1 x has comp>atively little influ5ce ^u ! wea!r ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,we/]n ,europe1 h[ev]1 ,gre5l&1 ! isl&s :i* lie 9 its c\rse1 & ! pol> seas1 are mo/ mat]ially influ5c$4 ,al?\gh n ! only cause1 x has v mu* to d ) ! rem>kable elevation ( ! iso!rmal l9es ov] ! ,nor!rn ,atlantic1 & ^u ,we/]n ,europe1 z se5 ^u ! map4 ,a l oceanic curr5t exi/s 9 ! ,pacific ,ocean1 ! influ5ce ( :i* may also be trac$ ^u ! map by ! elevation ( ! iso!rmal l9es at ! nor!rn extremity ( t ocean1 & ^u ! nor?-we/ coa/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,a va/ am\nt ( heat is transport$ f ! tropical to ! temp]ate & froz5 regions ( ! e>? by ^! great oceanic curr5ts4 ,ano!r supply is d]iv$ f a]ial curr5ts :i* fl[ f ! tropics t[>d ! poles4 ,^! curr5ts exi/ e :]e ov] ! entire surface ( ! e>?1 b 9 m conc5trat$ volumes along ! great l9es ( no v>iation1 & great] magnetic int5sity1 on ! we/]n side ( ! great oceans1 ov] ! ea/]n portions ( ! two cont95ts ( ,nor? ,am]ica & ,asia4 ,n1 z meteorological writ]s suppose1 9 ! upp] portions ( ! atmosph]e1 hav+ ris5 9 ! trade-w9d region & run (f at ! top t[>d ! poles by =ce ( gravity1 b ne>1 & sometimes 9 contact ) ! e>?4 ,! influ5ce ( ^! a]ial curr5ts ^u ! temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e1 & 9 produc+ ! ph5om5a we are to consid]1 is exce$+ly important4 ,we %all h occasion to exam9e !m ) great c>e & m9ut5ess "u ano!r head1 = ^u !m1 m ?an any o!r portion ( ! arrangem5ts1 dep5d n only ! diffusion ( heat1 b also ! di/ribution ( moi/ure4 ,/ill ano!r supply ( heat1 dur+ ! sudd5 *anges1 at lea/1 is produc$ by ! action ( t]re/rial magnetism & electricity4 ,v great progress has be5 made )9 a %ort p]iod1 9 ! inve/igation ( ! nature ( ^! ag5ts4 ,! id5tity1 or at lea/ intimate association or connection ( heat1 light1 electricity1 & magnetism1 always suspect$1 has be5 9 v>i\s ways1 & by a v>iety ( exp]im5ts demon/rat$4 ,! influ5ce ( magnetism if di/9ct f gravitation1 is second only to t2 & its ag5cy 9 produc+ ! ph5om5a we are consid]+ is prim>y & controll+4 ,we w only1 9 ?is connection1 ask ! read] to note ! situation ( ! nor? magnetic poles 7= !re are two ( !m72 ! mann] 9 :i* ! iso!rmal l9es surr\nd !m2 ! fact t !y are poles ( cold1 i4 e41 t x is cold] !re ?an ev5 to ! nor? ( !m4 ,we %all recur to ?is "p ( ! subject aga94 ,su*1 briefly consid]$1 are ! pr9cipal arrangem5ts by :i* heat is diffus$ ov] ! e>?4 ,equally m>k$ by inf9ite wisdom1 & equally int]e/+ & important1 are ! arrangem5ts by :i* moi/ure is di/ribut$4 ,d\btless ! g5]al belief is t ?is is a simple process2 t wat] evaporates & rises till x meets a cold] /ratum ( atmosph]e1 & !n cond5ses & falls aga92 or t1 accord+ to ! ,huttonian !ory1 curr5ts ( air ( diff]5t temp]atures m+le & equalize _! heat1 & ! aggregate mass :5 equaliz$ 9 temp]ature is cool]1 & !re=e is unable to hold z mu* moi/ure 9 solution z ! mo/ heat$ portion _h1 & ! excess falls 9 ra94 ,b ! process is by no means s simple1 nor is heat ! sole or mo/ p[]ful ag5t conc]n$ 9 x4 ,curr5ts ( air d n m+le1 b /ratify4 ,evaporation f ! surface ( any giv5 portion ( ! e>? outside ( ! tropics does n alone supply t portion ) ra94 ,va/ & wond]ful1 coext5sive ) ! globe itself1 & p]fectly connect$1 is ! ma*9]y by :i* t supply is furni%$ ev5 to ! mo/ inconsid]able portion ( its surface4 ,take y\r map ( ,nor? ,am]ica & note1 9 ?is respect1 its peculi>ities4 ,x ext5ds f ! ,i/hmus ( ,d>i5 to ! ,arctic regions1 & f ! #fe? to ! #afj? m]idian ( we/ longitude f ,gre5wi*1 & has ^u its surface a type ( e climate 9 ! _w4 ,= ! purpose ( simplify+ & illu/rat+ ! matt] 9 h&1 let u divide x into five sections4 ,let ! fir/ section embrace ,c5tral ,am]ica & ,s\!rn ,mexico1 s\? ( #bh deg42 ! second1 ,nor!rn ,mexico & ,s\!rn ,new ,mexico1 ,cali=nia1 etc41 betwe5 ! p>allels ( #bh deg4 & #cb deg42 ! ?ird1 ,nor!rn ,cali=nia1 ,utah1 ,s\!rn ,oregon1 & ,we/]n ,new ,mexico1 nor? ( ! p>allel ( #cb deg42 ! f\r?1 ! entire cont95t nor? ( #db deg42 & ! fif?1 ! ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 ea/ ( ! m]idian ( #ajj deg44 ,^! divisions are n int5d$ to be entirely accurate 9 _! sep>ation1 b sub/antially s = ! purpose ( illu/rat+ ! diff]5ces :i* exi/ 9 ea*4 ,! accompany+ diagram %[s approximately1 by dott$ l9es1 ! divisions4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,n[ let u see 9 :at a div]se mann]1 & to :at a diff]5t ext5t1 !y are sev]ally suppli$ ) moi/ure4 ,c5tral ,am]ica & ,s\!rn ,mexico lie )9 ! tropics--_! ra9s are tropical ra9s4 ,! season is divid$ into wet & dry1 z are ! seasons ( all tropical c\ntries :i* are n ra9less4 ,dur+ ! ra9y season x ra9s a portion ( ne>ly e day1 & dur+ ! dry season ! sky is cle>1 ! air is pure1 & ra9 seldom falls4 ,all ar\nd ! e>? )9 ! tropics1 ov] ! l& & ov] ! sea1 !re is a belt ( almo/ daily ra9s1 v>y+ 9 wid?1 nor? & s\?1 9 diff]5t sections1 b av]ag+ ab\t five hundr$ miles4 ,?is belt ( daily ra9s is =m$ at & by ! meet+ ( ,n4 ,e4 & ,s4 ,e4 trades1 & travels nor? & s\? ) !m1 z !y d ) ! sun1 encircl+ ! globe4 ,by ?is n>r[ belt a portion ( ! e>?'s surface1 an av]age ( "s #ce deg4 ( latitude1 is suppli$ ) moi/ure4 ,:]ev] x is situat$ at any giv5 p]iod1 ! tropical ra9y season exi/s2 & :5 x is abs5t 9 its nor!rn or s\!rn transit1 ! dry season prevails4 ,s\!rn ,mexico is )9 ! range ( ?is mov+ belt1 & 9 its c\rse to ! nor?w>d ) ! sun1 9 our summ] f ,may to ,octob]1 x arrives ov]1 & cov]s t c\ntry ) a ra9y season4 ,:5 ! sun returns to ! s\?1 tak+ ) x ! trades & ?is belt ( tropical ra9s1 t portion ( ,mexico is )\t ra91 & dry1 & s cont9ues until ! ra9y belt returns 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,:ile ! belt is ov] ,s\!rn ,mexico x is ne>ly all precipitation1 & !re is little evaporation2 :ile t belt is abs5t x is all evaporation1 ) little or no ra94 ,surely ?is is n consi/5t ) ! prevail+ belief ( simple evaporation1 asc5t to a cold] /ratum1 comm+l+1 & cond5sation1 & ra94 ,s\!rn ,mexico at lea/ is n suppli$ by m]e evaporation f its surface1 & mu/ !re=e =m an exception to t belief1 & to ! ,huttonian !ory4 ,b we %all recur aga9 to ! peculi>ity ( di/ribution )9 ! tropics4 ,turn n[ = a brief space to ,nor!rn ,mexico1 ,s\!rn ,new ,mexico1 & ,s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,9 ,nor!rn ,mexico1 ,s\!rn ,new ,mexico1 ,utah1 & ,cali=nia1 betwe5 ! p>allels ( #bh deg4 & #cb deg41 & p>ticul>ly we/ ( ! m\nta9 ranges1 we f9d an almo/ ra9less region1 /]ile & wor?less1 resembl+ t :i* is f\nd ^u ne>ly ! same p>allels ( nor? latitude 9 ,nor!rn ,africa1 ,egypt1 ,arabia1 ,beloo*i/an1 ,afghani/an1 & ,nor?-we/]n ,india2 & 9 correspond+ latitudes s\? ( ! ,equator1 9 ,p]u1 a portion ( ,s\!rn ,africa1 & ! nor!rn & middle portions ( ,new ,holl&4 ,:y ,nor!rn ,mexico & ! o!r c\ntries nam$ are ?us /]ile & comp>atively ra9less1 we %all see h]eaft]1 :5 we exam9e critically ! ma*9]y ( di/ribution z x op]ates )9 ! tropics4 ,x is ! fact t x is ?us /]ile & ra9less to :i* we desire to call att5tion 9 ?is place4 ,mr4 ,b>tlett ?us describes x3 ,on leav+ ! head wat]s ( ! ,con*o1 nature assumes a new aspect4 ,"h %rubs & trees disappe>1 except ! ?orny *ap>ral ( ! des]ts2 ! wat]-c\rses all cease1 nor does any /ream int]v5e until ! ,rio ,gr&e is rea*$1 ?ree hundr$ & fifty miles di/ant1 except ! muddy ,pecos1 :i*1 ris+ 9 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 ne> ,santa ,fe1 crosses ! great des]t pla9 we/ ( ! ,llano ,e/acado1 or ,/ak$ ,pla94 ,f ! ,rio ,gr&e to ! wat]s ( ! ,pacific1 pursu+ a we/]ly c\rse along ! #cb;d p>allel1 ne> ,el ,paso ,del ,norte1 !re is no /ream ( a high] grade ?an a small creek4 ,i "k ( none b ! ,san ,p$ro & ! ,santa ,cruz--! latt] b a rivulet1 los+ itself 9 ! s&s ne> ! ,gila--! o!r b a dim9utive /ream1 sc>cely rea*+ t riv]4 ,at ! head-wat]s ( ! ,con*o1 !re=e1 beg9s t great des]t region1 :i*1 ) no int]ruption save a limit$ valley or bottom-l& along ! ,rio ,gr&e1 & less] ones ne> ! small c\rses m5tion$1 ext5ds ov] a di/rict embrac+ sixte5 degrees ( longitude1 or ab\t a ?\s& miles1 & is :olly unfit = agriculture4 ,x is a desolate1 b>r5 wa/e1 :i* c nev] be r5d]$ useful = man or bea/1 save = a public highway4--,b>tlett's ,p]sonal ,n>rative1 vol4 i4 p4 #ach4 ,turn+ n[ to ,c5tral & ,upp] ,cali=nia1 & ,utah1 & ,s\!rn ,oregon1 we f9d /ill ano!r peculi>ity4 ,l ,s\!rn ,mexico1 !y h a ra9y & dry season1 b at a diff]5t p]iod1 & = a diff]5t reason4 ,! dry season ( ,cali=nia1 etc41 is ! summ] ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 & h] ra9y season ! w9t]4 ,cali=nia is1 !re=e1 dry :5 ,s\!rn ,mexico is wet1 & vice v]sa4 ,! belt ( ra9s :i* supplies ,cali=nia ) moi/ure dur+ h] ra9y seasons is ! belt ( extra-tropical ra9s1 :i* ext5ds f ! nor!rn limit ( ! nor?-ea/ trades to ! poles1 encircl+ ! e>?4 ,! s\!rn edge ( ?is extra-tropical belt is c>ri$ up on ! we/]n coa/ ( ,am]ica1 & 9 t portion ( ! cont95t 9 summ]1 :5 ! sun & trades1 & ! int]-tropical ra9y belt travel to ! nor?1 & uncov] ,cali=nia1 etc41 leav+ !m )\t ra9 = a p]iod ( ab\t six mon?s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,,9 ,,summ]4 ,z ! sun1 ) ! trades1 travels s\?1 ! s\!rn edge ( ! belt ( extra-tropical ra9 foll[s1 & cov]s ,cali=nia1 etc41 aga9 ext5d+ gradually f ! nor? to ! s\?1 & ?us _! wet season returns4 ,! annex$ diagrams by ! %ad+ w %[ ! situation ( ! ra9y belts :i* cov] ,mexico1 ,utah1 ,new ,mexico1 & ,cali=nia 9 summ] & w9t]1 & t ! belts ( ra9s are entirely di/9ct & diff]5t 9 "*4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,,9 ,,w9t]4 ,"h aga9 9 ?is section ( ! cont95t1 z 9 ,mexico1 evaporation is go+ on = six mon?s ( ! ye>1 & 7 x n = ! return ( ! belt ( ra9s f ! nor?1 9 ! fall1 w\ld g on = ! entire ye> )\t precipitation2 & = ! o!r six mon?s precipitation is va/ly 9 excess4 ,nor c ?is be reconcil$ )1 or expla9$ by1 ! ,huttonian or any o!r receiv$ !ory ( ra94 ,"h aga9 x is obvi\s t evaporation alone1 h[ev] great or long cont9u$1 w n furni% ! evaporat+ section ) ra94 ,! nor!rn portion ( ! cont95t lies b5ea? ! zone ( extra-tropical ra9s1 & nor? ( ! nor!rn limit ( ! ,n4 ,e4 trades--is nev] uncov]$ f x1 & has no di/9ct ra9y or dry season1 al?\gh m ra9 falls at c]ta9 p]iods1 & 9 c]ta9 localities1 ?an at o!rs4 ,! climate ( t "p ( ,oregon :i* lies ^u ! ,pacific1 & ! "* ( its ra9s1 resemble ^? ( ,nor?-we/]n ,europe1 & w be fur!r expla9$ h]eaft]4 ,com+ to ! portion ( ! cont95t :i* we occupy1 ! #e? section1 we f9d x diff]5t /ill--a mo/ favor$ region4 ,portions ( x--,ea/]n ,texas1 = in/ance--are ^u ! same p>allels ( latitude z ! ra9less regions ( ,nor!rn ,mexico1 etc4 ,ea/]n ,texas1 h[ev]1 is n ra9less4 ,o!r portions are ^u ! same p>allels z ,cali=nia1 etc41 yet h no di/9ct ra9y & dry season4 ,we repeat1 ?is section is a mo/ favor$ region--)\t a p>allel ^u any portion ( ! e>?'s surface1 except1 9 degree1 9 ,*9a & "s o!r portions ( ,ea/]n ,asia4 ,x is n only )\t a di/9ct ra9y & dry season1 b x is wat]$ by an av]age1 annually1 ( m ?an =ty in*es ( ra91 :ile ,europe1 al?\gh b\nd$ on ?ree sides by seas & oceans1 & app>5tly mu* m favorably situat$1 receives annually an av]age ( only ab\t tw5ty-five--if we except ,norway1 & "o or two o!r places1 :]e ! fall is excessive4 ,! di/ribution ( ?is supply ( moi/ure ov] ! ,unit$ ,/ates is1 9 o!r respects1 wond]ful4 ,i[a1 9 ! int]ior ( ! cont95t1 f> away f ! great oceans1 on ! ea/ or we/1 or ! ,gulf ( ,mexico on ! s\?1 receives fifty in*es2 "s t5 or fifte5 in*es m ?an fall ^u ! slope ea/ ( ! ,alleghanies1 & contigu\s to ! great ,atlantic 7f :i* all our /orms are1 errone\sly1 suppos$ to be d]iv$71 & ! av]age ov] ! entire great int]ior valley is ab\t =ty-five in*es1 fall+ at all seasons ( ! ye>4 ,obs]ve1 !n1 by way ( recapitulation3 ,s\!rn ,mexico has a ra9y season furni%$ by ! belt ( int]-tropical ra9s1 :i* travels up ov] x f ! s\? 9 summ]4 ,cali=nia has a ra9y season1 :i* is furni%$ by ! extra-tropical belt ( ra9s1 :i* travels d[n f ! nor?1 & cov]s x 9 w9t]4 ,nor!rn ,mexico & ! adjo9+ regions we/ ( ! #ajj? m]idian are betwe5 ! limits ( ! two1 & nei!r travels f> en\gh to rea* !m1 except = brief & unc]ta9 p]iods2 !y are comp>atively ra9less2 :ile ! ea/]n portion ( ! cont95t1 9 all latitudes1 unlike ! o!rs1 is )\t a di/9ctly m>k$ dry season1 or a ra9less region1 & ) ! exception ( occasional dr\ghts1 is abundantly suppli$ ) ra9 at all seasons ( ! ye>4 ,& n[1 :at is ! explanation ( all ?is8 ,:at produces ! extra-tropical belt ( regul> ra9s surr\nd+ ! e>?1 nor? ( ! p>allel ( #cj deg4 nor?1 9 "s places1 & #ce deg4 9 o!rs1 ext5d+ to ! pole1 ) its s\!rn edge travel+ up t5 or m degrees 9 summ]1 leav+ l>ge portions ( ! e>? subject to a dry season2 & back aga9 9 ! w9t] to give !m a ra9y "o8 ,:at produces ! n>r[ belt ( int]-tropical ra9s1 encircl+ ! e>?2 travel+ up & d[n e ye> ov] an av]age ( #ce deg4 ( latitude1 supply+ e portion ( x alt]nately ) ra98 ,& :at connects ! two toge!r ov] ! ea/]n portion ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 s z to leave no di/9ctly m>k$ wet & dry season1 & no ra9less & /]ile portion !re8 ,are all ^! ! result ( simple evaporation1 asc5t to a cold] region1 cond5sation1 & desc5t aga98 ,demon/rably n4 ,( ! =ty in*es :i* fall annually ^u ! middle & ea/]n portions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 an av]age probably ( "o-half or tw5ty in*es1 runs (f by ! riv]s to ! ocean1 or is c>ri$ away ea/w>d by ! we/]ly & nor?-we/]ly evaporat+ w9ds4 ,! same is true1 9 degree1 ( ! ra9 :i* falls ^u ! o!r portions4 ,evaporation1 !re=e1 c\ld n keep up ! supply4 ,f :5ce1 !n1 does x come8 ?is tw5ty in*es1 ?us lo/ by ! riv]s & w9ds1 & ) su* wond]ful regul>ity e ye>4 ,all ! riv]s run into ! sea1 yet ! sea is n full4 ,note ! place :5ce ! riv]s come1 hi!r !y return aga94 ,b h[ is x t !y ?us return ) su* wond]ful regul>ity1 9 a n>r[ travel+ belt ( daily ra9s )9 ! tropics1 & a movable belt ( irregul> ra9s )\t ! tropics1 ext5d+ to ! poles1 leav+ a space on ea* side ( ! equator encircl+ ! e>? 9 l mann] 7except at two po9ts1 viz41 ,ea/]n ,asia & ,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica71 f :i* !y d n g1 & to :i* !y d n return1 & :i* is almo/ entirely unfurni%$ ) ra98 ,& all ?is )\t any relation1 :atev]1 to ! contiguity ( ! oceans8 ,obvi\sly ?is is n ! "w ( m]e evaporation1 or ( ! accid5tal or irregul> comm+l+ ( w9ds ) diff]5t dew po9ts1 or quantities ( moi/ure 9 solution1 or accid5tal1 irregul> *anges ( b>ometric pressure4 ,x is "o va/1 wond]ful1 connect$1 & regul> sy/em--co-ext5sive ) ! globe--necess>y to ! return ( moi/ure f ! oceans ^u ! mo/ inconsid]able portion ( x1 & to ! cond5sation ( ! local moi/ure ( evaporation2 & by x ! wat]s are return$ f ! oceans z regul>ly & b\ntifully ^u ! f> int]ior ( ! great cont95ts 9 ! same latitudes1 z ^u ! isles :i* re/ 9 _! bosoms4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,be=e proce$+ to an exam9ation ( ?is connect$ atmosph]ic ma*9]y1 & an inve/igation ( ! p>ticul> ocean f :i* our riv]s return1 x may be well to look at ! =m 9 :i* !y appe> to return1 t we may h a cle> und]/&+ ( t]ms4 ,!y seem to return 9 ! =m ( cl\ds1 & 9 /orms & %[]s1 al?\gh1 9 tru?1 !y return 9 regul>1 uni=m1 ord9>ily invisible curr5ts1 & ! /orms & %[]s are b cond5sations 91 & dis*>ges f portions ( ^? curr5ts1 aid$ by ! local moi/ure ( evaporation4 ,! t]m /orms1 seems to be us$ by ,european meteorologi/s to d5ote :at we t]m ?und] %[]s or gu/s1 & tornados2 :ile :at we call /orms are d5om9at$ by !m regul> ra9s4 ,z ! t]ms are ext5sively 9 use 9 ?is c\ntry1 we mu/ adh]e to ! mean+ atta*$ to !m "h r ?an !re4 ,/orms ) u1 !n1 are regul> ra9s ( f six to =ty-eight or m h\rs' cont9uance3 g5]ally )\t lightn+1 or ?und]1 or gu/s1 & usually ) w9d ( m or less =ce1 f "s ea/]ly po9t4 ,!y are call$ nor?-ea/ /orms1 or s\?-ea/ /orms1 accord+ to ! po9t f :i* ! surface w9ds bl[4 ,practically we %all f9d t ?is di/9ction is ( "s importance1 = ! nor?-ea/ /orms are ! longe/1 la/+ g5]ally tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 or m1 :ile ! s\?-ea/ ones seldom1 if ev]1 cont9ue z long4 ,^! /orms ext5d ov] a consid]able surface1 r>ely less ?an "o hundr$ miles 9 "o direction or ano!r1 & sometimes fifte5 hundr$1 or m4 ,di/9ct %[]s cov] b a small surface1 sometimes n m ?an =ty to "o hundr$ rods1 z 9 ! tornado1 & r>ely m ?an t5 miles4 ,belts ( %[]s1 ea* new "o =m+ a little m to ! s\?1 (t51 9 summ]1 pass across ! c\ntry1 foll[+ ea* o!r 9 succession2 & ^! belts may be ( consid]able wid?1 say ?irty to "o hundr$ & fifty miles4 ,! cl\ds :i* con/itute ! /orms & %[]s diff] 9 appe>ance & "*1 z well 9 ! active z 9 ! =m+ /ate4 ,cl\ds are ( di/9ct *>act]s1 alike1 sub/antially1 e :]e "u l circum/ances2 & a di/9ct nom5clature has be5 appli$ to !m by ,dr4 ,h[>d1 ( ,london4 ,he notes ?ree k9ds ( prim>y cl\ds3 viz41 cirrus1 /ratus1 & cumulus2 & inasmu* z ! b\nd>y l9e betwe5 !m is n v di/9ct1 c]ta9 comp\nds ( ! ?ree1 viz43 cirro-/ratus1 cirro-cumulus1 & cumulo-/ratus4 ,?is nom5clature is e :]e receiv$1 & portions ( x are ( great practical importance4 ,! ?ree pr9cipal descriptions ( cl\d1 viz43 ! cirrus1 ! /ratus1 & ! cumulus1 we h v mu* z !y h 9 ,europe1 & d\btless z !y exi/ e :]e outside ( ! tropics4 ,! nimbus1 ano!r cl\d describ$ by him1 is n di/9ct f ! cumulus or /ratus4 ,an isolat$1 limit$ ?und]-%[] 9 a cle> sky1 pres5ts ! appe>ance ( a nimbus1 z %[n 9 ! cuts1 b ! basis ( x is a cumulus1 & x diff]s f an ord9>y fair-wea!r cumulus m]ely 9 ! d>k & fr+e-l appe>ance ( ! ra9 z x is fall+ f its l[] surface1 & sometimes 9 ! exi/5ce ( a /ratus above & 9 connection ) x4 ,a simil> =m is (t5 assum$ by ! peculi> cl\ds ( ! ,n4 ,w4 w9ds 9 ,m>* or ,novemb]1 :5 !y assume ! =m ( squalls1 & drop flurries ( sn[4 ,! nimbus1 !re=e1 is n a di/9ct cl\d1 b an appe>ance :i* ! cumulus1 /ratus1 or cirro-/ratus has 9 a /ormy or %[]y /ate1 & does n des]ve a di/9ct "n4 ,x is b a cumulus1 or a /ratus1 or cirro-/ratus dissolv+ 9 sn[ or ra94 ,x is important t ?is t]m %\ld be ab&on$4 ,x t5ds to confuse & prev5t a cle> und]/&+ ( ! diff]5ce 9 ! "* ( ! cl\ds1 & 9 relation to :i* precision is bo? difficult & desirable4 ,! figures on pages #bg & #bi1 %[ ! diff]5t k9ds ( cl\ds z designat$ by ,h[>d4 ,!y are copi$ f ! engrav+s 9 ! six? edition ( ,maury's ,sail+ ,directions4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,figure #e4 ,! cirrus is indicat$ by #a bird4 ,! cirro-cumulus by #b ,! cirro-/ratus by #c ,! cumulo-/ratus by #d ,figure #f4 ,! cirrus by #a ,! cumulus by #c ,! /ratus by #b ,! nimbus by #d ,h[ f> ^! repres5tations correspond ) ! actual appe>ance ( ! diff]5t comp\nd =ms 9 ,engl&1 ,i c n say4 ,b al?\gh !y convey a g5]al idea1 !y are n suffici5tly accurate = practical illu/ration or obs]vation "h4 ,inde$ ,h[>d himself has omitt$ f 8 la/ edition 8 plate ( ! cl\ds1 assign+ z a reason1 t ! real /ud5t w acquire 8 k 9 a m solid mann] by ! obs]vation ( nature1 )\t ! aid ( draw+s1 & t ! m sup]ficial are liable to be l$ into error by !m4 ,! collection ( =ms 9 ! cuts does n conta9 "s v important ones1 & conta9s "s :i* are n di/9ct =ms2 b !y may aid u some:at 9 ?is inquiry1 &1 !re=e1 ,i h copi$ !m4 ,x is well1 also1 = ! read] to h ! g5]ally receiv$ description be=e him4 ,b = ! purpose ( practical illu/ration h]eaft]1 & great] precision1 ,i %all foll[ a some:at diff]5t ord] 9 describ+ !m1 & introduce two =ms ( scud q z important1 practically1 z any o!r4 ,fir/1 !n1 comm5c+ at ! e>?1 we h :at may be prop]ly t]m$ fog1 or l[ fog4 ,?is =ms1 9 /ill cle> wea!r1 9 ! valleys1 & ov] ! surface ( ! riv]s & o!r bodies ( wat]1 dur+ ! night1 & mo/ frequ5tly ! latt] "p ( x1 & is at its acme at sunrise1 or soon aft]1 limit+ vision horizontally & p]p5dicul>ly1 & dissolv+ away dur+ ! =5oon4 ,x is r>ely m ?an f two to f\r hundr$ feet 9 height at its upp] surface1 & (t5 mu* less1 & is compos$ ( vesicul> cond5s$ vapor1 sometimes suffici5tly d5se to fall 9 mi/1 & is d\btless 9 composition sub/antially :at ! cl\ds are 9 ! o!r /rata ( ! atmosph]e1 z obs]v$ by u1 or pass$ ?r\gh by a]onauts4 ,i h nev] se5 x c>ri$ up to any consid]able height into ! o!r /rata by any ( ! suppos$ asc5d+ curr5ts1 to =m p]man5t cl\ds1 & %all h occasion to allude to ! fact 9 ano!r connection4 ,x disappe>s usually be=e mid-day1 & has1 :5 ?us =m$1 no connection ) any cl\ds :i* furni% ra94 ,to ?is ,dr4 ,h[>d orig9ally gave ! "n ( /ratus1 & s x is repres5t$ ^u ! cut2 b ! latt] t]m may be ) great] propriety appli$ to ! smoo? uni=m cl\d 9 ! sup]ior /rata f :i* ! ra9 or sn[ is kn[n to fall1 & ,i %all reta9 & s apply x4 ,! next 9 ord]1 asc5d+1 is high fog4 ,?is is usually f "o to two ?\s& feet 9 height at its l[] surface4 ,x =ms1 l l[ fog1 dur+ ! night & 9 /ill wea!r2 & is r>ely1 if ev]1 connect$ ) cl\ds :i* furni% ra94 ,x breaks away & disappe>s betwe5 t5 & twelve 9 ! =5oon1 usually pass+ (f to ! ea/w>d4 ,?is fog is mo/ commonly se5 9 summ] & autumn1 p>ticul>ly ! latt]1 & unless di/+ui%$ f cl\d w deceive ! wea!r-wat*]4 ,x is readily di/+ui%able4 ,al?\gh (t5 v d5se1 obscur+ ! light ( ! sun z p]fectly z ! cl\ds ( a nor?-ea/ /orm1 x diff]s f !m4 ,x =ms 9 /ill cle> wea!r1 is pres5t only 9 ! morn+1 is p]fectly uni=m1 &1 be=e its dissolution comm5ces1 )\t breaks1 or light & %ade1 or app>5t motion1 & unaccompani$ by scud or surface w9d4 ,! /orm cl\ds are nev] entirely uni=m1 or )\t spots ( light & %ade1 by :i* _! nature c be disc]n$1 & r>ely1 :5 z d5se z high fog1 )\t scud runn+ "u !m & surface w9ds4 ,!re is ano!r fog /ill1 connect$ ) ra9 /orms1 b x does n (t5 prec$e !m2 occurr+ at all seasons1 b mo/ commonly 9 connection ) ! w>m ,s4 ,e4 ?aws & ra9s ( w9t] & spr+2 & :i* usually comes on aft] ! ra9 has comm5c$ & cont9u$ = a:ile1 & ! ea/]ly w9d has abat$2 occupy+ probably ! entire space f ! e>? to ! inf]ior surface ( ! ra9 cl\ds or /ratus4 ,practically ?is does n require any fur!r notice4 ,x is an incid5t ( ! /orm4 ,:5 =m$ x rema9s :ile ! /orm cl\ds rema91 & passes (f ) !m4 ,x is sometimes exce$+ly d5se 9 ,febru>y & ,m>*1 :5 x accompanies a ?aw1 & if !re is a consid]able dep? ( sn[1 x has ! cr$it ( aid+ ess5tially 9 its dissolution4 ,m+l$ ) ! smoke ( ,london1 x produc$ !re ! memorable d>k day ( ! #bd? ( ,febru>y1 #ahcb1 & at v>i\s o!r times has produc$ o!rs ( l "*4 7,see ,h[>d's ,climate ( ,london1 vol4 iii4 pp4 #cf1 #bjg1 #cjc47 ,^! fogs h be5 s d5se !re t e k9d ( locomotion 0 dang]\s1 ev5 ) lant]ns1 at mid-day4 ,! next 9 ord]1 asc5d+1 are ! /orm scud1 :i* float 9 ! nor?-ea/ or ea/]ly1 s\?-ea/ or s\!rly w9d1 be=e & dur+ /orms4 ,^!1 z ! read] w h]eaft] see1 are1 practically1 v important =ms ( cl\d cond5sation--al?\gh !y h f\nd no place 9 any practical or sci5tific description giv5 ( ! cl\ds1 & are n ^u ! cuts4 ,!y are pat*es ( foggy seem+ cl\ds ( all sizes1 m or less connect$ toge!r by ?9 portions ( simil> cond5sation1 (t5 pass+ to ! we/w>d1 s\?-we/w>d1 nor?-we/w>d1 or nor?w>d ) great rapidity4 ,_! av]age height is ab\t half a mile1 b !y (t5 run mu* l[]4 ,!y are usually ( an a%y gray color4 ,! annex$ cut %[s "o phase ( !m1 f among _m tak5 by dagu]reotype4 ,! arr[s po9t+ to ! we/ %[ ! scud di/+ui%$ f ! smoo? p>tially =m$ /ratus above4 ,?is view 0 tak5 a few h\rs prior to ! sett+ 9 ( a heavy ,s4 ,e4 ra9 /orm4 ,x is a nor!rly view4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,at ab\t ! same height1 b 9 a diff]5t /ate ( ! atmosph]e1 float ! peculi> fair-wea!r cl\ds ( ! ,n4 ,w4 w9d4 ,!y usually =m 9 a cle> sky1 & pass ) consid]able rapidity to ! ,s4 ,e4 ,sometimes !y are q l>ge1 approa*+ ! cumulus 9 =m1 & :ite1 ) d>k "u surfaces1 & at o!rs1 9 ! mon? ( ,novemb] p>ticul>ly1 are entirely d>k1 & assume ! "* ( squalls & drop flurries ( sn[2 & !n resemble ! nimbus ( ,h[>d4 ,!y assume at diff]5t times & 9 diff]5t seasons1 diff]5t %apes l ^? ( ! scud1 ! cumulus1 or ! /ratus4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,!y =m & float 9 ! peculi> ,n4 ,w4 curr5t :i* is usually a fair-wea!r w9d1 & are nev] connect$ ) /orms4 ,9 mild wea!r !y are usually :ite1 & 9 cold wea!r sometimes v black1 & at all times diff] 9 color f ! a%y gray scud ( ! /orm4 ,?is v>iety is n repres5t$ ^u ! g5]al cuts4 ,! annex$ diagram %[s "o phase ( !m1 b !y are readily obs]vable at all seasons ( ! ye>1 :5 ! ,n4 ,w4 w9d is prevail+2 diff]+ 9 appe>ance accord+ to ! season4 ,let ^!1 z well z ! /orm scud1 be c>efully obs]v$ & /udi$ by ! read]1 & let no opportunity to famili>ize himself ) _! appe>ance be lo/4 ,a brief glance at ea* recurr5ce ( ea/]ly or nor?-we/]ly w9d w suffice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,summ] ,,cumuli4 ,! cumuli appe> 9 isolat$ cl\ds ( e size1 or 9 va/ cl\ds compos$ ( aggregat$ masses1 z ! peculi> cl\d ( ! ?und] %[]4 ,!y =m z l[ d[n z ! scud or fair-wea!r cl\d ( ! ,n4 ,w4 w9d1 :i*1 = conv5i5ce1 ,i w call ,n4 ,w4 scud2 & (t5 9 viol5t %[]s1 & p>ticul>ly 9 hail /orms1 ext5d up z f> z ! d5sity ( ! atmosph]e w p]mit !m to =m4 ,pr(essor ,espy ?9ks he has measur$ _! tops at an altitude ( t5 miles4 ,o!rs h e/imat$ _! height1 :5 mo/ l>gely develop$1 at twelve miles2 b x is v d\btful :e!r ! atmosph]e c conta9 ! moi/ure necess>y to =m s d5se a cl\d at t elevation4 ,x is _! imm5se height1 h[ev]1 :e!r x be six1 or eight1 or t5 miles1 toge!r ) ! sudd5 & viol5t electric action1 cond5s+ sudd5ly all ! moi/ure conta9$ 9 ! atmosph]e )9 ! space occupi$ by ! cl\d1 :i* produces su* sudd5 & heavy falls ( ra9 or hail4 ,z ! ra9 drops or hail1 :5 =m$ at su* an elevation1 9 fall+ ?r\gh ! p>tially cond5s$ vapor ( ! cl\d mu/ necess>ily enl>ge by accretion f ! p>ticles ) :i* !y come 9 contact1 & probably also by attraction1 _! size :5 !y rea* ! e>?1 ?\gh frequ5tly v consid]able1 is n a matt] ( a/oni%m5t4 ,! cumulus is repres5t$ 9 ! g5]al plate ) suffici5t accuracy to %[ its peculi> "*4 ,9 summ]1 :5 ! air is calm1 ! wea!r w>m1 & no /orm is approa*+1 !re is always1 9 ! day "t1 a t5d5cy to ! =mation ( cumuli4 ,?is t5d5cy exhibits itself ab\t t5 o'clock 9 ! =5oon1 & !y gradually =m & enl>ge until ab\t two 9 ! aft]noon2 & aft] t1 if !y d n cont9ue to enl>ge & =m %[]s1 !y melt away & disappe> be=e nightfall4 ,sometimes 9 ,july & ,augu/ ! atmosph]e w be /udd$ ) !m at mid-day1 float+ ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile f ! e>? 79 a level c\ntry71 g5tly & sl[ly away to ! ea/w>d4 ,at times x may seem z if !y mu/ coalesce & =m %[]s1 yet !y frequ5tly d n1 b gradually melt away1 z be=e /at$4 ,! cumulus is ! pr9cipal cl\d ( ! tropics1 & is n (t5 se5 ) u except 9 summ]1 or :5 our wea!r is tropical 9 "*4 ,! engrav+ on ! prec$+ page1 %[s a phase ( ^! fair-wea!r summ] cumuli4 ,! la/ 9 ord] occupy+ 7) _! comp\nds7 ! high] portions ( ! atmosph]e1 are ! cirrus & /ratus4 ,! cirrus is (t5 ! skeleton ( ! o!r1 & prec$es x 9 =mation4 ,^! are ! prop] cl\ds ( ! /orm1 9 our s5se ( ! t]m4 ,:ile1 h[ev]1 ! cirrus rema9s a cirrus1 x furni%es no ra94 ,:5 x ext5ds & exp&s1 & its ?reads wid5 & coalesce into cirro-/ratus & /ratus1 or x induces a lay] ( /ratus bel[ x1 ! ra9 =ms4 ,! foll[+ is ,dr4 ,h[>d's description ( cirrus3 ,p>allel1 flexu\s or div]g+ fib]s1 ext5sible by increase 9 any or 9 all directions4 ,cl\ds 9 ?is modification appe> to h ! lea/ d5sity1 ! greate/ elevation1 & ! greate/ v>iety ( ext5t & direction4 ,!y are ! e>lie/ appe>ance aft] s]5e wea!r4 ,!y are fir/ indicat$ by a few ?reads p5cil$1 z x 71 on ! sky4 ,^! increase 9 l5g?1 & new ones are 9 ! mean "t add$ to !m4 ,(t5 ! fir/-=m$ ?reads s]ve z /ems to support num]\s bran*es1 :i* 9 _! turn1 give rise to o!rs4 ,! illu/rations 9 ! g5]al cut are imp]fect1 & d n repres5t ! delicate fib]s ( ! cl\d1 = x is a difficult cl\d to dagu]reotype or engrave1 b ! repres5tation is suffici5tly accurate to give ! read] a g5]al idea ( ! diff]5t v>ieties1 & enable him to discov] !m readily by obs]vation4 ,!y are ! mo/ elevat$ =ms1 always ( a light color1 & (t5 illum9at$ ab\t sunset by ! rays ( ! sun %9+ ^u _! inf]ior surface2 ! sun1 h[ev]1 (t5 illum9ates1 9 l mann]1 ! d5se =ms ( cirro-/ratus1 & ! latt]1 f _! great] d5sity1 are susceptible ( a bright] & m vivid illum9ation4 ,! /ratus is a smoo?1 uni=m cl\d--! true ra9 cl\d ( ! /orm2 (t5 =m+ )\t mu* cirrus above1 or connect$ ) x4 ,x may be se5 9 its p>tially =m$ /ate 9 ! bank 9 ! we/1 at nightfall1 or 9 ! circle ar\nd ! moon 9 ! night4 ,:5 x becomes suffici5tly cond5s$1 ra9 always falls f x1 b 9 mod]ation4 ,if !re be l>ge masses ( scud runn+ b5ea? x = its drops to fall ?r\gh 7especially z is sometimes ! case1 9 two or m curr5ts71 ! ra9 may be v heavy4 ,b m ( ?is h]eaft]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,! annex$ cut %[s ! =m+ /ratus1 light & ?91 pass+ to ! ea/1 z indicat$ by ! %ort arr[s j be=e a /orm1 :ile ! scud b5ea? is runn+ to ! we/4 ,x 0 copi$ f a dagu]reotype view1 fac+ nor?w>dly4 ,int]m$iate betwe5 ! fibr\s1 tuft$1 cirrus1 & ! smoo? uni=m /ratus1 !re is a v>iety ( =ms p>tak+ m or less ( ! "* ( "o or ! o!r1 & t]m$ cirro-/ratus4 ,no s+le correct repres5tation ( cirro-/ratus z a di/9ct cl\d1 c be giv5--b sev]al v>ieties w be h]eaft] allud$ to1 "u ! head ( progno/ics4 ,sev]al modifications are repres5t$ ) tol]able accuracy ^u ! cuts4 ,! cirro-cumulus is a collection 9 pat*es ( v small di/9ct heaps ( :ite cl\ds2 !y are call$ fleecy cl\ds1 f _! resemblance to a collection ( fleeces ( wool1 & are imp]fectly repres5t$ on ! g5]al cut4 ,!y d n appe> (t51 & are usually fair-wea!r cl\ds4 ,?is =m has none ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! cumulus1 & does n appe> 9 ! same /ratum4 ,x 0 probably call$ cumulus because its small masses are di/9ct1 z are ^? ( ! ord9>y cumulus4 ,x occurs 9 ! same /ratum z cirro-/ratus1 & prop]ly belongs to t modification4 ,i reta9 ! "n inasmu* z ! cl\d is ( "s practical importance4 ,! cumulo-/ratus is seldom se5 9 our climate1 z x is repres5t$ 9 ! cut4 ,/ratus cond5sation above1 & 9 connection ) cumulus cond5sation1 is n uncommon1 b t precise =m is r>e4 ,?is1 too1 is practically ( no consequ5ce1 & ,i %all take no fur!r notice ( x4 ,recapitulat+1 ,i give 79 a tabul> =m7 ! ?ree pr9cipal /rata & _! modifications1 locat$ ) suffici5t accuracy = illu/ration4 ,! cl\ds :i* are f\nd 9 an upp] or l[] portion ( a /ratum are s repres5t$ by ! location ( _! names2 ^? :i* appe> at all heights 9 ! /ratum1 ) ! names across4 ,! elevation is ! av]age "o--al?\gh !re is no limit to ! cirrus above1 except ! abs5ce ( suffici5t moi/ure4 ,x 0 se5 by ,guy ,lussac1 & has be5 by o!r a]onauts1 at an elevation ( five miles1 or m1 :5 too delicate to be visible bel[4 ---------------------------------------- -------- #c miles4 ,cirrus4 ,cirro-cumulus4 ,cirro-/ratus4 ,prim>y ,cumulus ext5d+ up /ratum4 9 viol5t %[]s4 ,/ratus4 ---------------------------------------- -------- #a-a_/b miles4 ,scud ,n4 ,w4 scud4 ,cumulus ,/orm scud4 cumulus ,fair-wea!r ord9>ily & /ratum4 its base always4 ---------------------------------------- -------- #a_/b mile4 ,fog ,high fog4 ,/orm fog4 /ratum4 ,l[ fog at ! surface ( ! e>?4 ---------------------------------------- -------- ,) ! assi/ance ( ?is table ( elevations1 & a c>eful obs]vation1 ! read] c soon become famili> ) ! =ms ( cl\ds & _! relative situations4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,hav+ ?us tak5 a brief view ( ! diff]5t cl\ds1 let u return to ! inquiry1 f :at ocean1 & by :at ma*9]y1 our riv]s return4 ,n :olly or ma9ly f ! ,nor? ,atlantic1 al?\gh x lies adjac5t to u1 & !y (t5 seem to d s2 =1 fir/1 all /orms1 %[]s1 & cl\ds1 :i* furni%1 indep5d5tly1 any appreciable quantity ( ra9 to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ev5 adjac5t to ! ,atlantic1 or inde$ to ! ,atlantic itself1 come f a we/]ly po9t1 & pass to ! ea/w>d4 ,?is is a g5]al1 uni=m1 & inv>iable law1 al?\gh !re is 9 diff]5t places1 & 9 ! same place at diff]5t times1 "s v>iation 9 _! direction2 rang+ 9 /orms f ,w4 by ,s4 to ,s4 ,s4 ,w41 & 9 %[]s betwe5 ,s4 ,w4 & ,n4 ,w41 to ! opposite ea/]ly po9ts ( ! compass2 ! mo/ g5]al direction1 ea/ ( ! ,alleghanies1 be+ f ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 to ,e4 ,n4 ,e4 ,b d we n see1 y inquire--at lea/ ^? ( u :o live ea/ ( ! ,alleghanies--t :5 x ra9s1 ! w9d is f ! ea/w>d2 & t ! cl\ds foll[ ! w9d f ! ea/ to ! we/8 ,y d inde$1 g5]ally1 9 all consid]able /orms1 obs]ve t ! w9d bl[s f "s ea/]ly po9t1 & t seem+ cl\ds are bl[n by x to ! we/w>d2 b :at y see1 & call cl\ds1 are n ! cl\ds :i* furni% ! ra94 ,f> above ! seem+ cl\ds y notice1 directly ov] y\r head :5 x ra9s or sn[s1 are ! ra9 or sn[ cl\ds1 d5se & d>k1 pass+ to ! ea/w>d1 h[ /rong soev] ! w9d may bl[ f ! qu>t] to :i* !y t5d1 or any o!r qu>t]1 betwe5 y & !m4 ,:at y see bel[ !m are scud4 ,s ! sailors call !m1 & s ,i h t]m$ !m4 ,x is a diction>y "n1 & a good "o1 expressive ( a di/9ction betwe5 !m & cl\ds4 ,!y are ?91 & ! sun %9es ?r\gh !m1 al?\gh ) "s difficulty1 :5 ! ra9 cl\ds above are abs5t or brok54 ,?is ea/ w9d & ! scud are n ! /orm1 or ess5tial p>ts ( x4 ,/orms occasionally exi/1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,april1 )\t ei!r4 ,!y are b incid5ts1 useful1 b n necess>y incid5ts1 z all surface w9ds are4 ,if y c\ld see a section ( ! /orm1 y w\ld see ! ra9 cl\d above1 mov+ to ! ea/1 & ! scud b5ea? runn+ to ! we/1 z indicat$ by ! arr[s 9 ! cut on page #dj4 ,opportunities frequ5tly occur :5 ^! appe>ances may be se54 ,/orms are sometimes v long1 a ?\s& miles1 p]haps1 f ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 to ,e4 ,n4 ,e41 & n m ?an "o to ?ree hundr$ miles wide f ,s4 ,e4 to ,n4 ,w41 & _! sides1 p>ticul>ly ! nor!rn ones1 regul>1 & )\t ext5sive p>tial cond5sation4 ,!n ! /orm cl\d above1 mov+ to ! ea/w>d1 & ! scud runn+ "u to ! we/w>d1 may be se5 z 9 ! cut4 ,s !y may be se5 be=e1 at ! comm5cem5t1 & at ! conclusion ( ea/]ly /orms1 9 a majority ( cases1 & ! read] is desir$ to notice !m p>ticul>ly z opportunities occur4 ,! t]m runn+1 too1 is a v expressive "o1 us$ by sailors z applicable to scud4 ,= :ile ! =m+ or =m$ /orm cl\ds may be mov+ mod]ately along1 at ! rate ( twelve to fifte5 or tw5ty miles an h\r1 f ab\t ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 to ,e4 ,n4 ,e41 ! scud may be runn+ "u !m 9 a diff]5t direction--opposite1 or diagonal1 or bo?--at ! rate ( tw5ty1 fifty1 sixty1 &1 9 hurricanes1 ev5 n9ety miles an h\r4 ,y h d\btless se5 ^! scud runn+ f ,n4 ,e4 to ,s4 ,w41 & )\t dropp+ any moi/ure1 a day or sometimes two days1 be=e ! /orm com+ f ! ,s4 ,w4 rea*$ ! place :]e y 72 & !n1 sometimes ! /orm cl\d slipp$ by to ! s\?w>d1 & ! expect$ /orm at t po9t prov$ a dry nor!a/]4 ,sometimes ! cond5sation1 al?\gh suffici5tly d5se to influ5ce & attract ! surface atmosph]e1 & create an ea/]ly w9d & scud1 does n become suffici5tly d5se to drop ra91 & !n1 too1 we h a dry nor!a/]1 :i* may melt away or increase to a /orm aft] x has pass$ ov] u4 ,i h nev] se51 except1 p]haps1 9 a s+le in/ance1 "o ( ^! masses ( scud1 h[ev] d5se1 :i* _h n a ra9 7/ratus7 cl\d above x1 drop moi/ure en\gh to make ! eaves run4 ,s y see x may be true1 & if y w exam9e c>efully1 y may satisfy y\rself t x is true1 t ! /orms all move f a we/]ly po9t to ! ea/w>d1 not)/&+ ! w9d "u !m is bl[+1 & ! scud "u !m are runn+ to ! we/w>d4 ,!re are _m o!r me?ods by :i* ! read] may det]m9e ?is matt] himself4 ,he may cat* an opportunity = a view1 :5 !re is a break 9 ! /ratus cl\d above1 & ! sun or moon1 no long] obscur$ by ! /orm cl\d1 %9es ?r\gh ! scud b5ea?4 ,!n he may see !y are mov+ 9 diff]5t directions4 ,! upp] cl\d1 if !re be any ( x left1 always to ! ea/w>d4 ,aga91 we may see ! /orm approa* f ! we/w>d1 z x (t5 does1 be=e ! w9d comm5ces to bl[1 & ! scud to run f ! ea/w>d2 p>ticul>ly sn[ /orms 9 w9t]1 & ! g5tle %[]s & /orms ( spr+4 ,aga91 ?und] /orms1 we "k1 come f ! we/w>d1 & app>5tly aga9/ an ea/ w9d4 ,x is sometimes said !y approa* f ! ea/1 b x is a mi/ake4 ,dur+ ?irty ye>s att5tive obs]vation 9 diff]5t localities1 ,i h nev] se5 an in/ance4 ,!y sometimes =m ov] u1 or j ea/ ( u1 or "o may =m at ! ea/ & ano!r at ! we/1 & z !y spread out 9 =m+1 "o may seem to be com+ f ! ea/1 or !re may be an ea/]ly curr5t1 ) d5se floccul5t scud at ! "u surface ( ! %[] cl\d runn+ we/w>d1 b !y f9ally pass (f to ! ea/w>d1 & nev] to ! we/w>d4 ,x is possible t a pat* ( scud may become suffici5tly d5se & electrifi$ to make a %[]1 b ,i h nev] obs]v$ "o4 ,su* an app>5t in/ance may be f\nd record$ 9 ,sillman's ,j\rnal1 vol4 xxxix4 page #eg4 ,i h se5 ! scud assume a di/9ct cumulus =m1 b nev] to become suffici5tly d5se to make a ?und] %[]4 ,?und] & lightn+ sometimes att5d portions ( regul> /orms 9 spr+ & autumn1 b ! ?und] is always he>d fir/ 9 ! we/1 & la/ 9 ! ea/4 ,aga91 !re are admitt$ facts ) :i* y are conv]sant1 :i* prove ?is proposition4 ,:5 x has be5 ra9+ all day1 & j at night ! /orm has ne>ly all pass$ ov] to ! ea/w>d1 & ! sun %9es "u ! we/]n edge ( x1 & sets cle>1 z x is t]m$--y say t x w be cle> ! next day4 ,:y8 ,because ! /orm w n pass to ! we/w>d1 cov]+ ! sun & cont9u+1 h[ /rong soev] ! w9d may be f ! ea/2 & because x is pass+1 & w cont9ue to pass (f to ! ea/w>d1 leav+ ! sky cle>4 ,! ea/]ly w9d w /op z soon z ! /orm cl\ds h pass$1 & x w fall calm1 or ! w9d w come out f ! we/w>d4 ,s1 too1 :5 ! cl\ds are d>k 9 ! we/ 9 ! morn+1 & ! sun rises cle>1 b goes into a cl\d1 z x is express$1 y say t x w ra94 ,& if ! cl\ds are d5se ?is g5]ally proves true2 because !re is a /orm or %[] approa*+ f ! we/1 & pass+ ov] to ! ea/1 ! we/]n edge ( ^: advance cond5sation has met ! sun 9 8 com+1 & obscur$ him f y\r vision4 ,:51 too1 x has be5 /orm+1 & lights up 9 ! ,n4 ,w4 y say x w cle> (f2 ! ,n4 ,w4 w9d w bl[ all ! cl\ds away4 ,x is1 inde$1 g5]ally true t :5 x s lights up x is ab\t to cle> (f2 al?\gh x sometimes %uts d[n aga91 9 consequ5ce ( ! approa* ( ano!r /orm f ! we/w>d1 foll[+ closely beh9d ! "o :i* is pass+ (f4 ,x is a great mi/ake1 h[ev]1 to suppose ! ,n4 ,w4 w9d bl[s away ! cl\ds4 ,wat* ! smoo? /ratus ra9 cl\d at its l[] edge1 :]e ! cle> sky is se51 & y w see t x is mov+ on /eadily to ! ,n4 ,e41 9 ob$i5ce to ! laws ( its curr5t1 & w d s1 ev5 :5 its retreat+ edge has pass$ up to ! z5i?1 & d[n to ! ,s4 ,e4 ,! /orm uncov]s u f ! ,n4 ,w4 by ! contraction ( its wid?1 or because x has a s\!rn lat]al ext5sion & dissolution1 & n by be+ bl[n away by ! ,n4 ,w4 w9d2 al?\gh t w9d1 by its peculi> fair-wea!r cl\ds1 may be1 p]haps1 obs]v$ b5ea?1 ready to foll[ its retreat+ edge4 ,aga91 :5 x has be5 cle> all day1 & ! sun sets 9 a bank ( cl\d1 y say--x w ra9 to-morr[1 ! sun did n set cle>1 & unless t bank is a ?und] cl\d1 m]ely1 :i* w pass ov] or by y1 ) or )\t ra91 be=e morn+1 x is g5]ally true t x w4 ,! bank w prove ! ea/]n edge ( an approa*+ /orm4 ,f ^! g5]ally admitt$ & und]/ood facts1 y may "k t /orms pass f ! we/ to ! ea/4 ,?is proposition is also prov$ by all ! inve/igations ( /orms1 :i* h tak5 place s9ce ! settlem5t ( ?is c\ntry4 ,/orms ( great sev]ity attract p>ticul> att5tion1 & are said to back up aga9/ ! w9d1 because !y are obs]v$ to comm5ce /orm+ fir/ at ! we/w>d1 al?\gh ! w9d is f ! ea/w>d4 ,d\btless y recollect _m su* in/ances record$ 9 ! newspap]s4 ,no season occurs )\t su* notices4 ,_m /orms h be5 inve/igat$ by ,mr4 ,r$field1 = ! purpose ( su/a9+ 8 !ory4 ,_m o!rs by ,pr(essor ,espy1 to su/a9 84 ,"o by ,pr(essor ,loomis1 ) great rese>* & ability--& "s by o!rs1 acc\nts ( all :i* h be5 publi%$2 & e "o yet inve/igat$1 nor? ( ! p>allel ( #cj deg41 has be5 %[n to pass f a we/]ly to an ea/]ly po9t4 ,s1 too1 we may "k x f analogy4 ,! laws ( nature are uni=m4 ,!re is a great end to be accompli%$1 viz43 ! di/ribution ( =ty in*es ( wat]1 at regul> int]vals1 ov] a l>ge ext5t ( c\ntry4 ,! riv]s are to return1 & ! cl\ds are to drop fatness1 & se$ "t & h>ve/ are n to cease4 ,x is to be done & is done1 by means ( /orms & %[]s1 & pursuant to g5]al laws1 z immutable z ! result4 ,mo/ ( ^! /orms & %[]s1 x has be5 f\nd1 & may be obs]v$1 move f ! we/w>d to ! ea/w>d4 ,!n we may "k1 f analogy1 t !y d s 9 ob$i5ce to a g5]al1 uni=m law2 & s ,i might say ) confid5ce1 if our inquiry /opp$ "h1 x w ev] be f\nd by ^? :o may h]eaft] exam9e !m4 ,b1 #b;d4 ,!re is a curr5t 9 ! atmosph]e1 all ov] ! cont95t nor? ( ! ,n4 ,e4 trades1 b 9 great volume ov] ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ea/ ( ! m]idian ( #aje deg4 ,w4 f ,gre5wi*--v>y+ 9 diff]5t seasons1 & ^u diff]5t p>allels1 & fl[+ ne> ! e>?1 :5 no surface w9d int]poses betwe5 !m4 ,9 ! vic9ity ( ,new ,york1 ! usual c\rse ( ?is curr5t is f ab\t ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 to ,e4 ,n4 ,e4 ,9 ! we/]n & s\?-we/]n portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 x is1 d\btless1 m s\!rly--v>y+ some:at accord+ to ! season--& 9 o!r sections v>ies 9 ob$i5ce to ! g5]al law ( its orig91 & progress4 ,i h obs]v$ its c\rse 9 _m places1 betwe5 ! p>allels ( #ch deg4 & #dd deg4 ,n4 ,?is curr5t comes f ! ,s\? ,atlantic ,ocean4 ,x is our portion ( ! a]ial curr5t1 :i* fl[s e :]e f ! tropics t[>d ! poles1 to :i* ,i h already allud$ 9 connection ) ! di/ribution ( heat4 ,x br+s to u ! tw5ty in*es ( ra9 :i* we lose by ! riv]s1 & by ! we/]ly w9ds1 :i* c>ry (f a portion ( ! local moi/ure ( evaporation1 & its action precipitates ! rema9+ portion ( t moi/ure4 ,x spreads out ov] ! face ( our c\ntry1 ) consid]able1 b n entire uni=mity4 ,all our great /orms orig9ate 9 x1 & all our %[]s orig9ate 9 or are induc$ & controll$ by x4 ,f ! v>i$ action1 inh]5t or induc$1 ( ?is curr5t1 mo/ ( our meteorological ph5om5a1 :e!r ( wet or dry1 or cold or w>m wea!r1 result2 & a ?or\gh k ( its orig91 cause1 & ! reciprocal action betwe5 x & ! e>?1 is ess5tial to a k ( ! ,philosophy ( ! ,wea!r4 ,let u !n g d[n to ! *amb]s ( ! s\?1 to ! int]-tropical regions1 ( :i* we h said some?+ 9 connection ) a notice ( ,s\!rn ,mexico1 & see :]e1 & h[ ?is great a]ial curr5t orig9ates4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,betwe5 ! p>allels ( #ce deg4 nor? latitude1 & #ce deg4 s\? latitude--*ang+ its location )9 ?is limit at diff]5t seasons ( ! ye>--encircl+ ! e>?1 & cov]+ ab\t "o-half ( its area--we f9d ! trade-w9d region4 ,9 ?is region are ! simple & uni=m arrangem5ts1 :i* ext5d e :]e1 & produce all ! atmosph]ic ph5om5a4 ,9 ! c5t] ( x we f9d t movable belt ( cont9ual or daily ra9s1 & comp>ative calms1 p>ticul>ly ne> its c5t]1 ab\t f\r hundr$ & fifty miles 9 wid? ^u ! ,atlantic1 & ov] ,africa1 & ! ea/]n portions ( ! ,pacific1 & some?+ m ov] ,s\? ,am]ica & ! ,we/ ,indies1 ! we/]n portion ( ! ,pacific & ! ,indian ,ocean1 to :i* we h already allud$4 ,?is belt ( ra9s & calms foll[s ! trades & sun1 9 _! transit nor? & s\?1 f "o tropic to ! o!r--its wid? & ext5sion dep5d+ ^u ! volume ( trade-w9ds exi/+ on ! sides ( x4 ,its s\!rn edge1 :5 ! sun is at ! s\!rn sol/ice1 ext5ds to #g deg4 s\? 9 ! ,atlantic1 to #aj deg4 s\? 9 ! ,indian ,ocean1 & /ill fur!r1 probably1 ov] ,s\? ,am]ica3 on ?is po9t ,i d n pret5d to be accurate1 = accuracy is n ess5tial4 ,:5 ! sun is at ! nor!rn sol/ice ! s\!rn edge is c>ri$ up z f> z #ab deg4 nor?1 ov] ! ,atlantic1 & /ill fur!r ov] ! nor!rn portions ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 ! ,we/ ,indies1 & ,mexico4 ,x travels1 !re=e1 f s\? to nor?1 ov] f tw5ty to =ty degrees ( latitude4 ,! pres5ce ( ?is belt ( ra9s ov] any giv5 portion ( ! int]-tropics1 gives t portion its ra9y season1 & its abs5ce1 z x moves to ! nor?1 or ! s\?1 gives ! portion f :i* x has mov$1 its dry season4 ,x passes 9 its transit twice ea* ye> ov] "s portions ( ! c\ntry1 ,bogota1 = in/ance1 & two correspond+ ra9y & dry seasons result4 ,its pres5ce1 & "*1 & movem5ts1 are z fix$ & regul>1 ov] f tw5ty-five to =ty degrees ( ! e>?'s surface1 & all ar\nd x1 z ! pres5ce & movem5ts ( ! sun ov] ! same area4 ,at ! nor!rn edge ( ?is movable belt ( ra91 & ext5d+ 9 "s places1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,pacific ,ocean1 nor? ab\t #bj deg41 or ab\t "o ?\s& f\r hundr$ miles1 & 9 o!r places a less di/ance1 ! ,n4 ,e4 trade w9ds prevail1 bl[+ t[>d & into x f ,n4 ,n4 ,e41 ,n4 ,e41 & ,e4 ,n4 ,e41 av]ag+ ab\t ,n4 ,e4 ,at ! s\? l9e ( ?is belt ( ra9s1 ext5d+ s\? f tw5ty-five to ?irty degrees1 or f sixte5 hundr$ to two ?\s& miles1 ! ,s4 ,e4 trades bl[ t[>d & into x1 f ! ,s4 ,e41 ,s4 ,s4 ,e41 or ,e4 ,s4 ,e41 av]ag+ ab\t ,s4 ,e4 ,( c\rse ! nor!rn limit ( ! ,n4 ,e4 trades travels nor? & s\? ) ! belt ( ra91 t[>d :i* x bl[s2 & s ! s\!rn limit ( ! ,s4 ,e4 trades travel 9 l mann] ) ! ra9y belt1 or r1 to speak ) entire accuracy1 ! belt ( ra9 moves ) ! trades1 & ! trades foll[ ! v]ticality ( ! sun4 ,! foll[+ diagrams exhibit approximately1 & ) suffici5t accuracy = illu/ration1 ! situations ( ! ra9y belt & ! trades1 :5 at _! nor!rn & s\!rn limit1 z well z ! mann] 9 :i* x mu/ give c]ta9 localities two ra9y seasons ea* ye>1 9 its transit nor? & s\?4 ,at ! nor!rn & s\!rn limits ( ! trade-w9ds1 & ext5d+ f !m to ! poles1 are f\nd ! v>iable w9ds & irregul> extra-tropical ra9s1 all ov] ! e>?1 :i* are %[n by ! %ad+ on ! maps4 ,?is l9e ( extra-tropical ra9s desc5ds to ! s\?1 foll[+ ! retreat+ trades z !y desc5d 9 our w9t]1 & rec$es nor? be=e ! trades :5 !y return 9 spr+ & summ]1 s t at ! out] limit ( ! trades respectively1 t[>d ! poles1 ! l9e ( extra-tropical ra9s w be f\nd1 rec$+ or foll[+ t limit1 z ! trades pass up & d[n ) ! sun4 ,f ! nor? pole to ! nor!rn limit ( ! ,n4 ,e4 trade-w9ds1 :]ev] f\nd1 :e!r at #ch deg4 nor? latitude1 z 9 "s places 9 summ] :5 ! sun is at ! tropic ( ,canc]2 or :e!r at #bj deg4 to #cj deg4 nor? latitude1 z 9 our w9t]1 :5 ! sun is at ! tropic ( ,capricorn2 ! extra-tropical ra9s prevail4 ,a /ate ( ?+s precisely simil> exi/s betwe5 ! s\? pole & ! s\!rn limit ( ! ,s4 ,e4 trades4 ,betwe5 ?is nor!rn limit ( ! ,n4 ,e4 trades & ! nor!rn l9e ( ! int]-tropical belt ( ra9s1 :]ev] situat$ 7) two exceptions1 to :i* we h allud$ & %all allude aga971 !re is1 = ! "t be+1 a dry season2 & a l dry season betwe5 ! s\!rn l9e ( ! belt ( ra9s & ! s\!rn limit ( ! ,s4 ,e4 trades4 ,we h1 !re=e1 ext5d+ ar\nd ! e>?1 a belt ( daily tropical ra9s1 ne> ! c5t]1--two belts ( dr\ght :i* are ma9ly trade-w9d surfaces1 "o on ea* side ( ! c5tral ra9y belt1--ext5d+ to ! outw>d limits ( ! trades & ! l9e ( extra-tropical ra9s2 & ^! ra9y & dry belts1 mov+ up & d[n aft] ! sun1 a di/ance ( f tw5ty to =ty degrees ( latitude1 ea* ye>4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,,9 ,,summ]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,,9 ,,w9t]4 ,su* are ! ma9 ph5om5a1 at ! surface1 9 ! trade-w9d region4 ,asc5d+ a /ep high] 9 ! atmosph]e1 we f9d1 above ! surface-trades1 a c\nt]-trade1 runn+1 n 9 ! opposite direction1 b at "r angles1 or ne>ly s4 ,! c\nt]-trade :i* issues f ! nor!rn side ( ! ra9y belt1 runn+ to ! ,n4 ,w4 or ,w4 ,n4 ,w41 & ! c\nt] trade :i* issues f ! s\!rn side1 runn+ to ! ,s4 ,w4 or ,w4 ,s4 ,w41 v>y+1 z ! trades d 9 direction 9 diff]5t localities4 ,^! c\nt]-trades are cont9uations ( ! surface trades1 :i*1 asc5d+ 9 _! c\rse1 h ?read$ _! way ?r\gh ! opposite trade 9 ! ra9y belt1 & are cont9u+ on at ! same angle1 & 9 ! same direction at :i* !y blew ^u ! surface1 & 9 ob$i5ce to ! same law4 ,?is is app>5t f sev]al consid]ations4 #a/4 ,!y issue at ! same angle1 & ov] ! top ( ! surface trades4 ,9 ! ,we/ ,indies & else:]e1 ?is has be5 asc]ta9$ & prov$ by ! c\rse ( ! /orms1 & ! rotation ( _! surface w9ds1 & obs]vation4 #b;d4 ,we c n suppose ! ,n4 ,e4 trade to be reflect$1 & turn back ov] itself at a "r angle4 ,t w\ld be impossible1 ev5 if !re 7 a wall ( solid mat]ial !re = x to bl[ aga9/4 ,air is a peculi> fluid1 & x /ratifies ) a/oni%+ ease4 ,he :o supposes t a curr5t ( air put 9 motion c be turn$ aside by ano!r curr5t1 or by ! atmosph]e at re/1 or c be made to m+le1 is mi/ak54 ,x w /ratify1 & =ce itself onw>d ?r\gh ! adjac5t & oppos+ atmosph]e1 & 9 a "r l9e4 ,i h obs]v$ "s rem>kable in/ances ( ?is "*4 #c;d4 ,! cause :i* op]ates to produce ! surface trades1 /ill op]ates ^u ! curr5t to c>ry x ov] into ! o!r hemisph]e2 a c\nt]-trade1 z we %all see4 ,x is impossible1 !re=e1 to believe t ! surface-trades z !y arrive at ! belt ( ra9s & calms1 turn at a "r angle1 or at any angle1 & return3 & impossible to d\bt t !y pass ?r\gh ea* o!r 9 ?is belt1 & out at ! opposite side1 z upp] curr5ts1 at ! same angle at :i* !y ent]$4 ,( c\rse ! ,n4 ,e4 trade ( ! ,atlantic becomes ! ,n4 ,e4 c\nt]-trade ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 c>ry+ _! /orms 9 a ,s4 ,w4 direction1 & ! ,s4 ,e4 trade ( ! ,atlantic ! ,s4 ,e4 c\nt]-trade ( ! ,we/ ,indies1 c>ry+ all _! /orms 9 a ,n4 ,w4 direction2 & :at is true ( !m is true ( ! trade w9ds e :]e1 all ov] ! globe1 ov] ! l& & ov] ! sea4 ,d\btless "h "s "o w say1 our upp] curr5t is a ,s4 ,w4 curr5t4 ,true1 ! ,s4 ,e4 trade :i* ent]s ! belt ( ra9s1 & issues out on ! nor?1 a ,s4 ,e4 upp] curr5t or c\nt]-trade1 keeps t c\rse until x arrives at ! nor!rn limit ( ! surface trade1 :51 9 ob$i5ce to ano!r law1 :i* we %all notice1 x gradually dec5ds ne> ! surface1 curves to ! ea/w>d1 & becomes ! ,s4 ,w4 curr5t :i* passes ov] u4 ,& s we h ! ,s4 ,e4 trade-w9d ( ! ,s\? ,atlantic1 ) its moi/ure1 w>m?1 electricity1 & pol>ity1 ov]1 & p]haps sometimes ar\nd u1 dropp+ ! electric ra9 :i* makes glad our fields2 giv+ u1 :5 n prev5t$ by o!r conditions1 ! balmy air ( spr+1 ! ,indian summ] ( autumn1 & ! mild mitigat+ *anges ( w9t]2 & ?us1 our riv]s1 :i* run into ! sea1 return to u aga94 ,b let u g back to ! trade-w9d region--! region ( regul>ity & uni=mity--& exam9e some:at m att5tively its features1 t we may m fully und]/& ! "* ( ?is c\nt]-trade4 ,"h are #fj deg4 at lea/ ( ! #ahj deg4 ( ! e>?'s surface1 & at its l>ge/ diamet]1 cov]$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>1 & ( _! travels1 by ! trade-w9ds at ! surface1 ! c\nt]-trades above1 & ! belt ( ra9s & comp>ative calms1 =m$ by ! action ( ! opposite trades1 z !y ?read _! way ?r\gh ea* o!r1 to assume ! relation ( c\nt]-trades4 ,truly ! magnitude1 simplicity1 & regul>ity ( ?is ma*9]y are mo/ wond]ful4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "s app>5t anomalies :i* des]ve att5tion4 ,"h are mo/ di/9ctly m>k$ ! ra9y & dry seasons1 exi/+ side by side4 ,"h are ! ra9less portions ( ! e>?1 already b briefly allud$ to2 "h ! monsoons1 & ano!r peculi>ity1 viz43 ! ga!r+ ( ! c\nt]-trades ^u ! we/]n sides ( ! two great oceans1 into two a]ial curr5ts ( great] volume1 analog\s some:at to ! two gulf /reams ( ^? oceans4 ,let u exam9e ^! anomalies4 ,! ra9y & dry seasons dep5d1 z we h se51 ^u ! transit nor? & s\? ( ! ra9y belt1 or belt ( comp>ative calms4 ,:]ev] ?is belt may happ5 on any giv5 day to be situat$1 ea* side ( x ! trades prevail1 x is dry1 ! e>? is p>*$1 & vegetation )]s4 ,^! *anges are graphically describ$ by ,humboldt 9 8 ,views ( ,nature1 z !y occur on ! nor!rn portions ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 z foll[s3 ,:51 b5ea? ! v]tical rays ( ! bright & cl\dless sun ( ! tropics1 ! p>*$ sw>d crumbles into du/1 !n ! indurat$ soil cracks & bur/s1 z if r5t asund] by "s mighty e>?quake4 ,! hot & du/y e>? =ms a cl\dy vail1 :i* %r\ds ! heav5s f view1 & increases ! /ifl+ oppression ( ! atmosph]e2 :ile ! ea/ w9d 7i4 e4 trade-w9d71 :5 x bl[s ov] ! long heat$ soil1 in/ead ( cool+1 adds to ! burn+ gl[4 ,gradually1 too1 ! pools ( wat]1 :i* _h be5 protect$ f evaporation by ! n[ se>$ foliage ( ! fan-palm1 disappe>4 ,z 9 ! icy nor? animals become torpid f cold1 s "h ! crocodile & ! boa-con/rictor lie wrapp$ 9 unbrok5 sleep1 deeply buri$ 9 ! dri$ soil4 ,e :]e ! dr\ght ann\nces dea?1 yet e :]e ! ?ir/y w&]] is delud$ by ! phantom ( a mov+1 undulat+1 wat]y surface1 creat$ by ! deceptive play ( ! reflect$ rays ( light 7! mirage74 ,a n>r[ /ratum sep>ates ! gr\nd f ! di/ant palm-trees1 :i* seem to hov] al(t1 ow+ to ! contact ( curr5ts ( air hav+ diff]5t degrees ( heat1 & !re=e ( d5sity4 ,%r\d$ 9 d>k cl\ds ( du/1 & tortur$ by hung] & burn+ ?ir/1 ox5 & horses sc\r ! pla91 ! "o bel[+ dismally1 ! o!r ) out/ret*$ necks snuff+ ! w9d1 9 ! endeavor to detect1 by ! moi/ure 9 ! air1 ! vic9ity ( "s pool ( wat] n yet :olly evaporat$4 ,ev5 if ! burn+ heat ( day be succe$$ by ! cool fre%ness ( ! night1 "h always ( equal l5g?1 ! we>i$ ox & horse enjoy no repose4 ,huge bats n[ attack ! animals dur+ sleep1 & vampyre-l suck _! blood2 or1 fa/5+ on _! backs1 raise fe/]+ w\nds1 9 :i* mosquitos1 hippobosces1 & a ho/ ( o!r /++ insects1 burr[ & ne/le4 ,su* is ! mis]able exi/5ce ( ^! poor animals1 :5 ! heat ( ! sun has absorb$ ! wat]s f ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,:51 aft] a long dr\ght1 ! g5ial season ( ra9 arrives1 ! sc5e sudd5ly *anges4 ,! deep azure ( ! hi!rto cl\dless sky assumes a light] hue4 ,sc>cely c ! d>k space 9 ! con/ellation ( ! ,s\!rn ,cross be di/+ui%$ at night4 ,! mild phosphoresc5ce ( ! ,magellanic cl\ds fades away4 ,ev5 ! v]tical />s ( ! con/ellations ,aquila & ,ophiu*us1 %9e ) a flick]+ & less planet>y light4 ,l "s di/ant m\nta91 a s+le cl\d is se5 ris+ p]p5dicul>ly on ! s\!rn horizon4 ,mi/y vapors collect & gradually ov]spread ! heav5s1 :ile di/ant ?und] proclaims ! approa* ( ! vivify+ ra94 ,sc>cely is ! surface ( ! e>? moi/5$1 be=e ! teem+ /eppe becomes cov]$ ) ,kill+iae1 ) ! _m-panicl$ ,paspalum1 & a v>iety ( grasses4 ,excit$ by ! p[] ( light1 ! h]bace\s ,mimosa unfolds its dormant1 droop+ leaves1 hail+1 z x 71 ! ris+ sun 9 *orus ) ! mat9 song ( ! birds1 & ! op5+ fl[]s ( aquatics4 ,horses & ox51 buoyant ) life & enjoym5t1 roam ov] & crop ! pla9s4 ,! luxuriant grass hides ! beautiful & spott$ jagu>1 :o1 lurk+ 9 safe concealm5t1 & c>efully measur+ ! ext5t ( ! leap1 d>ts1 l ! ,asiatic tig]1 ) a cat-l b\nd on 8 pass+ prey4 ,su* is ,humboldt's description ( ! dry season on ! ,or9oco1 & ! return ( ! belt ( ra9s f ! s\?4 ,aga91 )9 ?is trade-w9d region are ! ra9less c\ntries4 ,^! are portions ( ! e>? :i* ! equatorial ra9y belt does n asc5d f> en\gh nor? 9 summ] to cov]1 nor does ! s\!rn edge ( ! extra-tropical regul> ra9s desc5d1 9 w9t]1 f> en\gh s\? to cov] !m1 & :]e1 ( c\rse1 ra9 seldom1 if ev]1 falls4 ,su* are ! c5tral p>ts ( ! ,des]t ( ,sah>a1 ,egypt1 ,arabia1 portions ( ,affghani/an1 ,beloo*i/an1 & ! we/]n p>ts ( ,h9doo/an1 to ! nor? ( ! int]-tropical belt1 & a simil> /ate ( ?+s exi/s s\? ( ! equator 9 p>ts ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 ,africa1 & ,new ,holl&1 al?\gh ^u a comp>atively small surface4 ,aga91 ano!r anomaly is ! ga!r+ ( ! trade w9ds into great] volumes1 on ! we/]ly side ( ! great oceans1 & ! consequ5t c>ry+ ( ! equatorial ra9y belt up to ! region ( extra-tropical ra9s1 on ! ea/]n side ( ! great cont95ts ( ,asia & ,nor? ,am]ica1 & ! peculi> liability ( ^! a]ial gulfs to hurricanes & typhoons4 ,su* an a]ial gulf ga!rs ov] ! ,c>ibbean ,sea1 & ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,pass+ across ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 x ent]s ov] ,texas1 & ,l\isiana1 & ! o!r s\!rn /ates2 its we/]n edge pass+ nor? 9 autumn & w9t]1 on ! ea/]n side ( ! highl&s ( ,we/]n ,texas1 ,new ,mexico1 & ! ,great ,des]t2 curv+1 z all c\nt]-trades d1 to ! ea/w>d z soon z x passes ! limit ( ! ,n4 ,e4 trades1 & spread+ out ov] our favor$ c\ntry1 leav+ ! evid5ce ( its pa?way 9 ! great] quantities ( ra91 :i* fall annually ^u its surface4 ,?is ga!r+ deprives a portion ( ! ,atlantic1 nor? ( ! tropics1 ( its %>e ( ! c\nt] trade1 & !re1 z e :]e1 :]e ! volume ( c\nt]-trade is small1 /orms & gales are infrequ5t1 & ( less =ce1 & comp>ative calms prevail4 ,t portion ( ! ,atlantic has long be5 kn[n z ! horse latitudes1 a "n giv5 to x by our ,yankee sailors1 because1 !re1 9 =m] times1 ! old-fa%ion$1 l[-deck$1 flat-bottom$1 horse-c>ry+ craft ( ,new ,engl&1 b\nd = ! ,we/ ,indies1 (t5 fl\nd]$ ab\t 9 ! calms & baffl+ w9ds1 until _! animals p]i%$ = want ( wat]1 & 7 ?r[n ov]bo>d4 ,lieut5ant ,maury1 9 8 mo/ praisewor?y & exce$+ly useful inve/igation ( ,! ,w9ds & ,curr5ts ( ! ,ocean1 has def9$ ! situation ( ^! calms & baffl+ w9ds at diff]5t seasons--= !y move up & d[n1 ( c\rse1 ) ! motion ( ! :ole ma*9]y--& enabl$ navigators to avoid !m1 by runn+ ea/ be=e !y attempt to make s\?+2 & v mat]ially %ort5$ ! voyages to ! equator4 ,a l ga!r+1 9 volume1 ( ! ,s4 ,e4 trade1 on ! we/]n side ( ! ,pacific1 ent]s ov] ,asia1 & cov]s ,*9a & ,malaysia1 ext5d+1 9 its we/]n c\rse1 ne>ly z f> z ! we/]n edge ( ,h9doo/an4 ,9 ?is conc5trat$ volume ( c\nt]-trade1 & ow+ to its conc5trat$ action1 =m & float ! typhoons ( ! ,*9a ,sea1 & ( ! ,bay ( ,b5gal2 & to ?is anomal\s a]ial gulf /ream1 ! ,s4 ,e4 portions ( ,asia1 f ! we/]n des]t ( ,h9doo/an1 to ! ea/]n portion ( ,*9a1 nor? ( ! ra9y belt1 owe _! great supply ( moi/ure & f]tility1 & _! peculi> climate4 ,! we/]n l9e ( ?is volume ( c\nt]-trade is m>k$ by ! ea/]n portion ( ! ra9less region ( ,beloo*i/an1 & ! nor?-we/]n des]ts ( ,india1 z ! we/]n edge ( our conc5trat$ volume ( c\nt]-trade1 is m>k$ by ! arid pla9s ( nor!rn ,mexico1 we/]n ,texas1 & ,new ,mexico4 ,on ! s\? ( ! equatorial ra9y belt1 !re is no correspond+ a]ial gulf ( equal volume1 z !re is no correspond+ gulf /ream ( equal magnitude4 ,on ! we/]n side ( ! ,indian ,ocean we f9d a ga!r+ ( ! ,n4 ,e4 trades f ! ,bay ( ,b5gal & ! ,indian ,ocean1 9 :i* =m & travel ! hurricanes :i* prevail--travel+ to ! s\?w>d & we/w>d--ab\t ! ,isle ( ,france or ,mauritius2 & ! lagullus oceanic curr5t1 :i* runs d[n to ! ,s4 ,w4 t[>d ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,b ! ext5sion ( ,s\? ,am]ica to ! ea/w>d1 "u1 or j s\? ( ! ,n4 ,e4 trades1 does n p]mit ! =mation ( su* a conc5trat$ volume on ! we/]n side ( ! ,atlantic1 nor is ! /r5g? or regul>ity ( ! ,n4 ,e4 trades1 on t ocean1 equal to ^? ( ! ,s4 ,e4 ,nor is ! magnetic int5sity on ! ea/]n & middle portions ( ! ,pacific1 suffici5t to produce su* a conc5tration1 9 l>ge volume1 !re4 ,! trades ov] t ocean1 !re=e1 curve )\t conc5tration1 except a p>tial "o1 ov] ! we/]n gr\ps ( ,polynesia1 :i* ! ,asiatic l9e ( magnetic int5sity approa*es & :]e hurricanes are sometimes f\nd1 until we arrive ne> ! ea/]n l9e ( magnetic int5sity1 on ! ea/]n side ( ,asia4 ,we %all1 h]eaft]1 h occasion to foll[ ! anomal\s conc5trat$ volumes ( ! ,s4 ,e4 c\nt]-trade1 ( ! nor!rn tropic1 on ! we/]n side ( ! great oceans1 9 explanation ( "s ( ! ph5om5a :i* we f9d nor? ( ! trade-w9d region4 ,suffice x "h to add1 t if x 7 n = ! conc5tration ( ^! c\nt]-trades1 on ! we/]n side ( ! great oceans1 ! ra9less region betwe5 ! p>allels ( #bj deg4 & #cj deg4 w\ld encircle ! e>?2 & ,*9a & ! ,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld h a di/9ctly m>k$ ra9y & dry season1 z h ,cali=nia1 ! ,b>b>y ,/ates1 ,syria1 ,p]sia1 & o!r c\ntries :i* lie nor? ( ! ra9less region1 )9 ! summ] range ( ! ,n4 ,e4 trades1 b also )9 ! w9t] desc5d+ range ( ! belt ( extra-tropical ra9s4 ,ano!r anomaly :i* we f9d 9 ! trade-w9d region1 is ! monsoon4 ,!re are sev]al ( !m1 b !y are f\nd1 9 ! greate/ /r5g? & regul>ity1 9 ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,ano!r1 def9$ by ! inve/igations ( ,maury1 is f\nd on ! we/ coa/ ( ,africa1 ext5d+ out ov] ! ,atlantic4 ,ano!r prevails on ! we/]n coa/ ( ,s\? & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,! etesian w9ds ( ! ,m$it]ranean are b ! ,n4 ,e4 trades1 ^: nor!rn limit is c>ri$ up 9 summ]1 by ! transit ( ! connect$ ma*9]y1 to ! nor?1 ov] t sea4 ,! ,n4 ,e4 & ,s4 ,e4 monsoons1 s call$1 ( ! ,indian ,ocean1 are b ! regul> trades1 bl[+ :5 ! belt ( ra9s is abs5t1 z !y d all ov] ! globe4 ,! ,n4 ,w4 monsoon1 s\? ( ! equator1 9 ! vic9ity ( ,new ,holl&2 ! ,s4 ,w4 monsoon :i* bl[s f ! ,arabian ,sea1 9 ^u ,h9doo/an2 ! ,s4 ,w4 monsoon ( ! ,atlantic1 s\? ( ! ,cape ,de ,v]de ,isl&s2 & ! v>iable we/ monsoon w9ds ( ! we/ coa/ ( ,s\!rn & ,c5tral ,am]ica1 & ,s\!rn ,mexico 7kn[n "u sev]al diff]5t names1 b *iefly by t ( ,tapayaguas71 are all t des]ve att5tion z su*4 ,at fir/ sight !y appe> to be anomalies1 b ! facts decl>e _! "* ) p]fect c]ta9ty4 ,fir/1 !y are n cont9u\s1 l ! trades1 b prevail+ w9ds1 & are /orm w9ds2 !y always bl[ t[>d a region1 or portion ( ! ocean1 cov]$ at ! "t by cl\ds & fall+ wea!r4 ,second1 !y d n bl[ ^u1 or t[>d1 heat$ surfaces ( l& or wat]--i4 e41 t[>d ! dry & p>*$ surfaces1 :]e ! dry season prevails1 or f adjo9+ cold wat]s on to w>m surfaces1 b t[>d ! l& or wat] situat$ "u ! ra9y belt4 ,!y are !re=e incid5t /orm w9ds1 7z our ea/]ly w9ds are incid5t /orm w9ds7 ( ! ra9 cl\ds ( ! tropics4 ,!y bl[ 9 ^u ! l&1 "u ! belt ( ra9s1 :ile t belt ) its daily cl\d1 & induc+ electric action1 is ov] x1 & foll[ t belt 9 its transit nor? & s\?4 ,!y bl[ f ! w>m s\? pol> curr5t ( ! ,atlantic1 :i* fl[s ,n4 ,w4 f ! coa/ ( ,africa1 t[>d ! in%ore nor? pol> curr5t1 :i* is !re fl[+ s\?1 b "u ! belt ( ra9s4 ,9 ! ,indian ,ocean !y bl[ f ! c5t] ( t ocean1 & ! ,arabian ,sea1 t[>d ! belt :i* hangs ov] ,h9doo/an1 f ! ,s4 ,w42 & :5 ! ra9y belt travels s\? !y /ill bl[ t[>d1 & "u x1 f ! ,indian ,ocean1 b ( c\rse f ! ,n4 ,w4 ,! heat$ "* ( ! wat]s ( ! ,indian ,ocean & ,arabian ,sea1 :i* receive no pol> curr5ts1 b heat$ wat]s f ! ,p]sian ,gulf1 & f riv]s :i* fl[ into ! ,bay ( ,b5gal ov] ! heat$ pla9s ( a tropical c\ntry1 expla9 ?is4 ,s1 too1 ! monsoon ( ! ,atlantic ,ocean1 does n bl[ nor? ( ! ,cape ,de ,v]de ,isl&s1--:]e ! heat$ surface ( ,sah>a1 burn+ ) ! rays ( a v]tical sun1 has a temp]ature sometimes rang+ f "o hundr$ & =ty to "o hundr$ & sixty degrees--b rema9s "u ! ra9y belt1 drawn f ! heat$ wat]s :i* fl[ up f ! ,s\? ,atlantic1 & travels nor? z ! ra9y belt travels nor? 9 summ]1 & s\? to ! ,gulf ( ,gu9ea1 z t travels s\? 9 w9t]4 ,! same is true ( ! ,pacific monsoon1 ! ,tapayaguas1 ! lea/ m>k$ ( all1 :i* bl[s 9 dur+ ! ra9y season ^u ! we/ coa/ ( ,s\!rn ,mexico1 & ( ,s\!rn & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,!y are all incid5t ra9 or /orm w9ds1 bl[+ 9 ^u ! l&1 or on to a cold] surface ( diff]5t pol>ity1 dur+ ! ra9y season2 & if x 7 possible to cat* "o ( our nor?-ea/]s1 9 its passage ov] our c\ntry to ! ea/w>d1 & an*or x to ! ,alleghanies1 pay+ out s to h x rea* 9 "p ov] ! ,atlantic1 & keep x !re 9 op]ation six mon?s1 we %\ld h a cont9ual ea/]ly w9d "u x2 a monsoon m /rongly m>k$ ?an ! monsoons ( ! ,indian1 or ,atlantic ,oceans4 ,! receiv$ !ory 9 relation to !m is a fallacy4 ,recapitulat+1 !n1 all ! ph5om5a1 we h1--,surface-trades1 bl[+ t[>d ! c5t]1 pass+ ?r\gh ea* o!r1 & cont9u+ on z upp] or c\nt]-trades2 a belt ( ra9s1 ) calms ne> ! c5t]1 =m$ by ! trades :]e !y meet & pass ?r\gh ea* o!r1 :i* travels ) !m nor? & s\? foll[+ ! sun2 two belts ( dr\ght1 foll[+ ! belt ( ra9s & ! trades1 & foll[$ by ! extra-tropical l9e ( ra9s1 z x travels ) ! trades & ! ra9y belt1 leav+ a "p ( ! e>? :i* ! equatorial ra9y belt does n travel f> en\gh nor?1 nor ! extra-tropical l9e ( ra9s f> en\gh s\? to cov]1 & :i* is consequ5tly a ra9less region2 ! monsoons1 :i* are b incid5ts ( ! ra9y belt1 & ! ga!r$ volumes ( c\nt]-trade1 on ! we/ ( ! two great oceans1 :i* usurp ! place ( ! ,n4 ,e4 trades1 c>ry+ ! ra9y belt up to ! region ( extra-tropical ra91 & prev5t+ ! ra9less region f encircl+ ! e>?4 ,^u :at cause d ^! great c5tral ph5om5a1 s va/1 s regul>1 s wond]ful1 dep5d8 ,:at is ! motive p[] ( ?is connect$ atmosph]ic ma*9]y1 ^: action & influ5ce ext5d ov] ! entire globe8 ,heat1 heat1 say ! text books1 ! ,pr(essors1 ! vot>ies ( meteorology4 ,all ^! ph5om5a are ow+ to ! heat ( ! sun4 ,x heats ! ocean & ! e>?--! air is !reby heat$ & rises1 ! cold air ru%es 9 f bel[1 !n ! asc5d$ curr5t rolls (f ea* way at ! top t[>d ! pole1 acquir+ a we/]ly motion f ! rotation ( ! e>?1 slipp+ away f "u x1 & a diff]5t1 viz43 an ea/]ly motion1 aft] rea*+ ! latitude ( #cj deg41 f ! same rotation2 & all ! w9ds & di/urbances ( ! atmosph]e are produc$ 9 ! same way4 ,!y are produc$ by ! action ( heat$ surfaces ^u ! adjac5t atmosph]e4 ,?is is ! great !ory ( meteorologi/s1 by :i* !y attempt to acc\nt = ! v>i\s atmosph]ical di/urbances1 ( bo? tropical & extra-tropical regions4 ,! :ole !ory is a fallacy--x w n /& ! te/ ( a c>eful exam9ation4 ,! bases ( ! !ory1 :i* are assum$ to be facts1 are n s4 ,! ag5t has n ! p[] claim$ = x4 ,a heat$ surface1 alone1 nev] caus$ any consid]able asc5d+ curr5t1 or if x did1 nev] produc$ a mile ( w9d4 ,i repeat x1 ! !ory & all incid5tal ones--! ?\s& explanatory & modify+ !ories1 & hypo!ses--! :ole sy/em--is )\t f\ndation 9 fact1 & w n be> a critical exam9ation4 ,let u see if ?is language is /rong] ?an ! facts w w>rant4 ,! !ory assumes t bo? ! l& & wat]1 "u ?is c5tral belt1 :]e ! air is suppos$ to be ris+ are mat]ially hott] ?an ! l& & ocean are on ei!r side ( x4 ,n[1 h[ mu* hott] are ! air & ! l& "u ! belt ( ra9s & calms1 ^u ,h9doo/an1 or ,africa1 or ,s\? ,am]ica1 :]e ! =m] is suppos$ to be acquir+ heat & expansion s rapidly1 & to be asc5d+1 ?an "u1 & 9 ! dry belts on ei!r side8 ,none2 x is cool] by ! !rmomet]--mu* cool]4 ,! c5tral belt ( ra9s 9 midsumm] ov] ,africa1 ext5ds up z f> z #ag deg4 nor? latitude1 & p]haps fur!r4 ,nor? ( ?is l9e ov] ! :ole surface ( ! des]t1 ! ,b>b>y ,/ates1 a "p ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 & "s portion ( ,italy1 ! dry season ext5ds1 & f ! entire surface ! ,n4 ,e4 trade bl[ into ! c5tral belt4#a ,ov] ! des]t !y all pass4 ,n[ ?is des]t is a sea ( s&1 "u a v]tical sun1 int5sely heat$1 bli/]+ ! sk9 ) :i* x comes 9 contact1 & (t5 acquir+ a temp]ature ( #aej deg4 to #afj deg4 ( ,fahr5heit4 ,"u ! c5tral belt ( ra9s nei!r ! e>? nor air exce$ ! temp]ature ( #hd deg44 ,& yet ! hot air ( ! des]t does n asc5d1 b bl[s into ?is cool] c5tral belt2 & :5 x is felt z x bl[s (f ! we/]n coa/ by ! m>9]1 or ev5 9 ,gu9ea1 :5 ! belt ( ra9s has gone s\? 9 w9t]1 z x (t5 is z ! h>mattan1 x is suffocat+ & intol]able4 ,!re1 !n1 n only is x untrue1 t ! l& & ! air ov] x "u ! ra9y belt are hott]1 b x is true t int5sely heat$ air bl[s horizontally f ! ,des]t ( ,sah>a4 ,nay1 z x w appe> 9 ! sequel1 ?is hotte/ ( all surfaces n only c n h a vortex1 b x c n induce a monsoon1 & sc>cely a sea breeze4 ,! same is true 9 a great degree ( ! surface1 & ! air ov] x1 on ei!r side ( ! suppos$ vortex ( ! ra9y belt ^u ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,see ! description ( ,humboldt1 already giv51 :]e ! !rmomet] /ood z high z #aae deg4 ( ,fahr5heit 9 ! %ade1 :ile ! ,n4 ,e4 w9ds1 ! regul> trades1 7 bl[+ ov] ! l&4 ,& x is equally true ( ,arabia1 & inde$ ( e portion ( ! e>?4 ,!re is n a spot ^u ! globe :]e ! l& & ! air are cool] by ! side ( ! c5tral belt ( ra9s1 ?an "u x4 ,& ! opposite is true e :]e ^u ! l&4 ,h[ mu* hott] is ! ocean & air "u ?is suppos$ vortex8 ,b little hott] ?an !y are on ! side :]e ! sun is n v]tical1 & none on ! o!r4 ,let u be a little m p>ticul>4 ,! temp]ature ( ! ,atlantic "u ! belt ( ra9s 9 our w9t]1 & on ! s\? ( ! belt at ! latitude ( #c deg4 s\?1 & d[n to #i deg4 or m s\?1 is #hb deg44 ,! air may range a degree1 or possibly two1 high] ?an ! wat] at ei!r po9t4 ,on ! nor? ?is diff]5ce is f no?+ at ! meet+ ( ! trades & belt ( ra9s1 to ab\t #d deg4 at _! nor!rn limit4 ,?is is too trifl+ to be wor? "o mom5t's consid]ation4 ,x is less1 f> less ?an ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! wat] & air ( ! ,gulf ,/ream :i* runs along our coa/1 & ! adjo9+ wat]s & air ov] !m4 ,:ile on ! s\? side ( ! belt ( ra9s ! diff]5ce is actually aga9/ ! !ory--& ! same /ate ( ?+s is rev]s$ 9 summ]1 :5 ! sun is v]tical at ! nor?4 ,f ! log ( an intellig5t %ipma/]1 f\nd 9 ! w9d & curr5t *>ts ( ,lieut5ant ,maury1 ,i abridge ! foll[+1 :i* w illu/rate ?is4 ,capta9 ,"y 9 ,febru>y1 f\nd ! ,n4 ,e4 trades at ab\t #ag deg4 nor? latitude1 ) ! wat] at #ge deg4 & air at #gf deg41 trade-w9d ,n4 ,e4 ,at #ab deg4 #af' ! wat] 0 #ge deg4 ! air #gf deg4 w9d ,n4 ,e4 ,feb4 #bb;d4 #i deg4 #di' #gf-a_/b deg4 #gg deg4 ,n4 ,e4 #bc;d4 #g deg4 #ac' #gh deg4 #gh deg4 ,n4 ,e4 #bd?4 no obs4 #gi-a_/b deg4 #gi deg4 ,n4 ,e41 ,e4 ,s4 ,e4 ra94 #be?4 #c deg4 #aj' #ha deg4 #hc deg4 ,e4 ,s4 ,e4 ra94 #bf?4 no obs4 #hb deg4 #hb deg4 ,s4 ,e4 to ,e4 ,s4 ,e4 hazy1 ra9 sqs4 #bg?4 #b deg4 #bd' #hb deg4 #hb deg4 calm1 ) ra94 #bh?4 no obs4 #hb deg4 #hb deg4 calm ra94 ,m>* #a/4 #j deg4 #bi' #hb deg4 #hb deg4 ,e4 ,s4 ,e4 sqs4 ra94 #b;d4 #a deg4 #bg' ,s4 ,l4 #hb deg4 #hb deg4 ,s4 ,e4 sqs4 ra94 #c;d4 #b deg4 #dd' #hb deg4 #hc deg4 ,s4 ,e4 ,s4 ,s4 ,e4 wea!r settl$4 #d?4 #d deg4 #ag' #hb deg4 #hc deg4 ,s4 ,s4 ,e4 ,s4 ,e4 fair wea!r4 #e?4 #f deg4 #jh' #hb deg4 #hd deg4 ,s4 ,e4 fair w?r4 #f?4 #h deg4 #jh' #hb deg4 #hd deg4 ,s4 ,e4 ,e4 ,s4 ,e4 fair wea!r4 ,"h ! air 0 sev5 degrees cold] at ! extreme limit ( ! ,n4 ,e4 trades ?an 9 ! c5t] ( ! belt ( ra9s1 z x is1 usually1 9 mid-w9t]1 b n 9 summ]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 aft] he left ! region ( calms & ra9s1 :]e ! wat] & air /ood ) almo/ entire uni=mity at #hb deg41 on ! #c;d ( ,m>*1 & = ?ree days !reaft]1 dur+ :i* he 0 9 ! ,s4 ,e4 trades ) fair wea!r1 ! wat] 0 ! same z "u ! suppos$ vortex1 viz41 #hb deg41 & ! air rose to #hc deg4 & #hd deg46 ,?is is demon/ration4 ,i also take f a lett] ( ,lieut5ant ,wal% to ,lieut5ant ,maury1 relative to ! cruise ( ! ,taney ! foll[+1 %[+ ! w>m? ( ! ,gulf ,/ream comp>$ ) ! adjac5t ocean4 ,we fir/ cross$ ! ,gulf ,/ream on ! #ca/ ( ,octob]2 we /ruck x 9 latitude #cg deg4 #bb'1 longitude #ga deg4 #bf' z indicat$ by ! temp]ature ( ! wat]1 :i* 0 z foll[s3 #h ,a4,m4 wat] at surface #ff deg4 #i #gc deg4 #aj #gf deg4 #aa #gg deg4 #gg deg4 0 ! highe/ temp]ature f\nd 9 cross+ at ?is "t4 ,re-cross+ x 9 ,may1 9 latitude #ce deg4 #cj'1 longitude #gb deg4 #ce'1 he f\nd ! wat] z foll[s3 #h ,a4,m4 wat] at surface #ga deg4 #h' #i #gc deg4 #aj #ge deg4 #e' #aa #gh deg4 #e' #ab ,m4 #gh deg4 #e' #gi deg4 be+ ! highe/ temp]ature f\nd4 ,! av]age diff]5ce betwe5 ! temp]ature ( ! wat] ( ! ,gulf ,/ream & ! adjo9+ ocean1 at ! l9e ( division1 is ab\t t5 degrees1 increas+ to m ?an tw5ty on approa*+ ! coa/1 & )9 "o hundr$ miles--a f> great] diff]5ce ?an is ev] f\nd on ! w9t] side ( ! int]-tropical ra9y belt4 ,x is n only n s1 !n1 t ! surface ( ! ocean is mat]ially w>m] "u ! belt ( ra9s ?an ! adjo9+ surface "u ! trades1 especially on ! summ] side1 b if x 7 s1 ! trades w\ld n be creat$ !reby1 any m ?an ^u ! ,gulf ,/ream4 ,& ! opposite is true ( ! l& :]e ! l9e ( calms1 & ra9s1 & dr\ght meet1 all ar\nd ! globe4 ,! fact assum$ is !re=e untrue4 ,! hotte/ surfaces1 ev5 at ! ra9less portion1 :]e !re is no vortex1 no /orm1 & no w9d b ! cont9ual uni=m ,n4 ,e4 horizontal trade-w9d1 nev] creat$1 by reason ( ! heat alone1 a mile ( w9d1 a /orm or %[]4 ,b1 aga91 ! belt ( calms1 :]e ! air is suppos$ to rise & create a suction :i* draws ! trades on ei!r side a di/ance ( f "o ?\s& to two ?\s& miles1 an av]age ( ?ree ?\s& miles 9 all1 at lea/1 is n itself1 on an av]age1 ov] five hundr$ miles 9 bread? f nor? to s\?4 ,:at a wond] ( meteorology is "h6 ,) a bread? ( five hundr$ miles1 ! ris+ ( ! atmosph]e is suppos$ to be s rapid & ( su* imm5se volume t x draws ! surface atmosph]e1 "o ?\s& to fifte5 hundr$ miles on "o side & two ?\s& on ! o!r1 ) a uni=m /eady velocity ( tw5ty miles p] h\r4 ,is ?is va/ suction f\nd by ! unlucky m>9] :o may be drawn )9 ! vortex8 ,n at all4 ,he f9ds no rapid suction !re1 b horizontal curr5ts1 n /eady1 inde$1 l ! trades1 & sometimes calms at ! c5t]1 b /ill ! curr5ts are !re1 &1 except ne> ! c5t]1 !re z squalls1 %[]s1 & baffl+ w9ds & z monsoons4 ,aga91 is !re at ! m\? ( ?is vortex1 or z y approa* x1 an increas$ rapidity 9 ! trade correspond+ to ! magnitude ( its influ5ce8 ,does ! trade become a hurricane z x approa*es ! spot :]e x is to supply ! place ( t :i* has sudd5ly exp&$ by heat1 & be5 =c$ to rise1 boil ov]1 & run (f at ! top 9 turn8 ,n at all4 ,x bl[s g5tly1 ev5 up to ! v l9e ( ! ra9y belt1 & becomes squally & baffl+1 falls gradually calm ne> ! c5t]1 or *anges to a monsoon4 ,b1 aga91 ! belt ( ra9s is s f> f be+ a belt ( calms /rictly1 t its monsoons 9 ! ,indian1 ,atlantic1 & ,pacific ,oceans1 at times1 ext5d hundr$s ( miles out ov] ! ocean4 ,t ( ! ,atlantic1 triangul>1 ) its base re/+ on ,africa1 accord+ to ,lieut5ant ,maury1 ext5ds sometimes almo/ to ! coa/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 a di/ance ( "o ?\s& miles1 & ?us "u ! suppos$ asc5d+ vortex4 ,:]e is ! great upris+ suction dur+ ! preval5ce ( ?is ext5sive surface horizontal monsoon b5ea? x8 ,manife/ly x does n exi/4 ,nay1 t monsoon is bl[+ f ! w>m curr5t :i* sets up f ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope t[>d ! ,c>ibbean ,sea1 & ov] ! cold nor? pol> curr5t1 :i* runs d[n betwe5 ! cont95t & ! ,cape de ,v]des4 ,equally untrue is ! presumption t ! air rises ov] heat$ portions ( ! e>? else:]e1 & by reason ( su* heat+4 ,p]p5dicul> curr5ts ( ! atmosph]e are r>ely se51 nev] ext5sive1 or atta9+ any consid]able altitude4 ,i h wat*$ = !m ?irty ye>s4 ,i h se5 curr5ts ( air asc5d1 ) _! moi/ure cond5s+ z !y asc5d$1 & unite ) ! "u surface ( a highly electrifi$ cl\d--! advance cond5sation ( a ?und] %[]--b t cl\d 0 mov+ horizontally at a di/ance ( f "o to two ?\s& feet above ! surface ( ! e>?1 & did n rise4 ,i h se5 pat*es ( scud ris+ f ! surface dur+ ! int]vals ( a %[]y & highly electrifi$ /orm1 t[>d1 & unit+ )1 ! cl\ds above1 :5 v l[1 z ,i h se5 !m approa* & unite horizontally2 & d\btless !re is a t5d5cy upw>ds ( ! w9d1 creat$ & attract$ by ! summ] %[]1 z may be se5 9 ! asc5d+ du/ be=e ! ra91 b ,i h nev] be5 able to detect an asc5d+ curr5t1 except z induc$ & attract$ by a cl\d above mov+ horizontally1 9 ! hotte/ day or drye/ "t4 ,none ( ! cl\ds ( our climate1 ev5 :5 ! e>? is heat$ & p>*$ by a two mon?s' unbrok5 dr\ght1 c be detect$ ris+ above ! /rata 9 :i* !y =m4 ,i h wat*$ ! cumuli at su* p]iods :5 !y fill$ ! air1 & c ass]t t !y nev] rise4 ,! atmosph]e moves1 inv>iably1 9 horizontal /rata1 & ! :ole !ory ( asc5d+ curr5ts is fallaci\s4 ,b let u look /ill fur!r at ! tropical curr5ts4 ,! true h>mattan ( nor?-we/]n ,africa 7= ! t]m is sometimes misappli$71 hot & bli/]+1 g5]at$ ^u ! s& ( ! des]t--:y does x bl[ f ,sah>a horizontally1 on or ov] cool] surfaces1 foll[+ ! belt ( ra9s z a ,n4 ,e4 trade8 ,:y does x n asc5d8 ,! sirocco ( nor? ,sah>a1 ! kams9 or *ams9 ( ea/]n ,sah>a1 & ! simoon ( ,arabia1 :i* bl[ hot & suffocat+ f ^? des]ts--:y d !y bl[ f heat$ surfaces & horizontally ov] cool] ones8 ,:y d !y n asc5d8 ,arabia is surr\nd$ on ?ree sides by seas & gulfs1 f :i* evaporation is rapid4 ,h] int]ior des]ts are ext5sive & int5sely hot--:y are !y ra9less8 ,:y d !y n h a vortex1 a monsoon1 or ev5 a %[]8 ,because !re is no su* law or action z ?is !ory supposes4 ,^? w9ds bl[ horizontally 9 ob$i5ce to o!r laws1 & "u ! control ( o!r & m p[]ful ag5ts4 ,b fur!r /ill1 :at heat+ & asc5d+ process is x t makes ! v>iable w9ds nor? ( ! tropics8 t br+s 9 ! w>m air & fog ( ! ,gulf ,/ream ^u our sn[-clad coa/1 9 mid-w9t]1 to increase ! ,janu>y ?aw8 ,nay1 :at heat+ process is x t di/urbs ! calms ( ! pol> regions ) fre% breezes & gales1 sometimes ( ! =ce ( #f1 :5 ! sun does n %9e1 ! !rmomet] is f #bj deg4 to #dj deg4 bel[ z]o1 ! e>? & sea "o froz5 surface1 & ! h>dy explor] dress$ 9 furs1 b>ely lives 9 8 cab9 cov]$ by an embankm5t ( sn[1 & heat$ by a /ove8 ,g5tlem51 meteorologi/s1 x w n d4 ,! !ory is uns\nd2 ! assum$ facts d n exi/4 ,! :ole univ]se has n an ag5t1 organic or inorganic1 :i* c play su* absurd & inconsi/5t pranks 9 ! face ( its ,creator1 z y\r v>i\s & complicat$ !ories assign to caloric4 ,away ) ! !ory & all its incid5tal & complicat$ & my/ifi$ hypo!ses1 !y re/ l a pall ^u ! sci5ce2--away ) ! :ole sy/em1 & let u seek "s ag5t ^: p[] & adaptation correspond ) ! ext5t1 & simplicity1 & magnific5ce ( ! ph5om5a1 &1 9 "s degree1 ) ! p[] & wisdom ( _! ,au?or4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,"o1 & ! pr9cipal end atta9$ by ! p[] ( ! ag5t1 is ! ga!r+ ( a volume ( atmosph]e f1 or ne>1 ! surface ( ! l& & sea1 s z to ensure its possession ( all ! moi/ure ( evaporation :i* rises f ! locality1 & ! highe/ degree ( temp]ature1 & f a space rang+ f "o to two ?\s& miles 9 wid?1 9 "o hemisph]e1 & to c>ry x ov] into ! o!r4 ,n ov] ! top1 or ^u ! top1 ( ! :ole mass ( atmosph]e situat$ 9 ! opposite hemisph]e--out ( rea* ( all influ5ces f ! e>?--b ?r\gh x1 & curv+ gradually d[n ne> to1 & )9 influ5tial di/ance ( ! surface ( ! e>?1 soon aft] x passes ! outw>d limit ( its fell[ trade2 & to cont9ue ! curr5t onw>d1 leav+ portions ( x & its heat & moi/ure on ! way1 b tak+ a consid]able volume up & ar\nd ! magnetic poles--x be+ impossible = ! entire volume to be ?us c>ri$ ar\nd ! poles 9 consequ5ce ( ! dim9i%$ circumf]5ce ( ! e>?4 ,to ?is end x is obvi\s x mu/ possess pol>ity4 ,ano!r end to be atta9$ is to comb9e ! moi/ure ( evaporation ) ! air1 s t ! cold atmosph]e ?r\gh :i*1 or ! e>? ov] :i* x passes1 may n be cont9ually cond5s+ its moi/ure1 & !reby envelop+ ! e>? 9 a p]petual mi/2 b s t x may "p ) x at int]vals1 mak+ cl\dy & cle> days2 & "p ) x 9 portions1 s t a regul> & necess>y supply may be furni%$ to ! entire hemisph]e1 ev5 up to ! geographical poles4 ,is !re su* an ag5t8 ,!re is1 precisely & p]fectly adapt$ to ! ends to be atta9$1 ev] !re & ev] active1 & t ag5t is magnetism4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,! e>? is a magnet4 ,x has its magnetic poles1 & !y are di/9ct f its geographical ones2 & !re are two 9 ea* hemisph]e4 ,!y are situat$ f #ag deg4 to #ai deg4 di/ant f ! geographical poles2 & ours is n f> f longitude #ig deg4 ,w4 f ,gre5wi*1 & #ga deg4 nor? latitude4 ,navigators h gone nor? & nor?-we/ ( x1 & f\nd its situation by ! decl9ation ( ! ne$le4 ,f ^! poles1 l9es ( magnetic int5sity ext5d to ! opposite & correspond+ pole ( ! o!r hemisph]e1 & ^u or ne> ^? l9es ! ne$le po9ts nor? )\t v>iation2 & t[>d ^! l9es ( no v>iation ! ne$le e :]e1 on ei!r side decl9es4 ,! =ego+ diagram %[s ! situation ( our magnetic pole & l9e ( no v>iation1 ! dip ( ! ne$le by ! arr[s1 & ! magnetic equator4 ,rec5t discov]ies h %[n t ! magnetic =ce is ex]t$ 9 l9es & curr5ts2 t su* curr5ts1 z physical l9es ( =ce1 surr\nd magnets1 & curr5ts ( electricity4 ,d\btless su* l9es ( =ce exi/ ar\nd ! e>? & ! magnetic poles4 ,!re are also longitud9al l9es ( =ce exi/+ & active1 betwe5 ! poles1 & ext5d+ f "o side ( ! c5t] to ! o!r1 occupy+ ne>ly "o ?ird ( ! magnet4 ,if y take a l>ge ne$le ?or\ghly magnetiz$1 place x ^u pap] & drop fil+s ( iron ^u x1 !y w become arrang$ ab\t x 9 circul> & p]p5dicul>1 & also 9 longitud9al l9es1 con=m+ to ! curr5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,?is exp]im5t is illu/rat$ 9 all our books on natural philosophy4 ,! =ego+ diagram1 copi$ f ,olm/ead's ,philosophy1 does n %[ z accurately z ,f>aday's projection ( ! l9es ^u a globe-magnet ! comp>ative di/ance f ! poles ( ! ne$le1 at :i* ! longitud9al curr5ts comm5ce & t]m9ate1 & :]e ! fil+s w n adh]e to any consid]able ext5t4 ,! l9es %[n ^u ! ne$le %\ld be> ! same proportion to its l5g? z ! trade-w9ds be> to t ( ! e>?1 measur$ f pole to pole1 & if ! ne$le _h a globul> =m !y w\ld s appe>4 ,^! l9es are made by curr5ts aris+ f "o side ( ! magnetic equator1 & pass+ ov] to ! o!r4 ,d\btless1 j su* curr5ts rise1 & pass ov] ^u ! e>?4 ,magnetic & electric curr5ts c>ry ! air ) !m4 ,?is is well settl$ by exp]im5t4 ,oxyg51 too1 is magnetic1 & capable bo? ( receiv+ & reta9+ pol>ity & ( comb9+ )1 or attract+ & reta9+ vapor1 & ( c\rse ! moi/ure ( evaporation4 ,"h !n we h a p[] exi/+1 capable ( produc+ ! result--precisely1 & ) evid5t wisdom adapt$ to its production--ev] pres5t & active2 & no o!r kn[n ag5t c4 ,is x n !n ! ag5t8 ,let u look a little fur!r4 ,?is result is affect$ by ! action ( ! sun3 ! trades ) ! c5tral belts ( ra9s travel nor? & s\? aft] x2 s does ! sun affect ! magnetic curr5ts e :]e1 ev5 ! magnetic ne$le is daily affect$ by its action1 z x increases ! int5sity ( ! t]re/rial magnetic curr5ts1 & h5ce its well e/abli%$ diurnal oscillations4 ,aga91 along ! ea/]n l9es ( ! cont95ts :i* skirt ! great oceans on ! we/1 run ! nor!rly & s\!rly l9es ( no v>iation1 & ( greate/ magnetic int5sity4 ,"h are ! trade curr5ts ga!r$ into a volume1 :i* curve & c>ry unusual f]tility to ,s\?-ea/]n ,asia1 & ,nor? ,am]ica1 & 9 ^? great a]ial gulf /reams we f9d ! int5se electric action :i* produces ! typhoons ( ! =m]1 & ! hurricanes ( ! latt]4 ,x may /ill be said t ^! conditions & ph5om5a ( ! trade-w9d region1 are n produc$ by magnetism or magneto-electricity1 b ! objector c po9t to no o!r adequate p[]4 ,t x mu/ be heat1 electricity1 or magnetism1 mu/ be admitt$4 ,!re is no o!r p[] kn[n4 ,heat demon/rably c n produce !m4 ,magnetism or electricity !re=e mu/1 & !y are d\btless /ates or phases ( ! same p[]1 produc+ 9 _! diff]5t /ates or phases ! diff]5t results4 ,& ev5 heat--atmosph]ic temp]ature1 is (t51 if n always ! result ( _! action4 ,9 ! pres5t /ate ( sci5ce1 x is en\gh = me t ! magnetic longitud9al curr5ts are !re2 t !y are l9es ( =ce & adequate2 t oxyg5 is magnetic1 & !re=e ! atmosph]e mu/ be affect$ by !m--t s f> z we c reason f analogy1 !y ought to produce ! effect ^u ! atmosph]e :i* we f9d produc$1 & until fur!r light is ?r[n ^u ! subject ,i %all presume t !y d4 ,e /ep we take h]eaft] 9 ?is inve/igation w confirm ! presumption4 ,!re is "o peculi>ity to be m p>ticul>ly notic$ be=e we leave ! trade-w9d region1 & we are n[ prep>$ to notice x4 ,! belt ( ra9s1 =m$ by ! curr5ts ( ! two trades1 ?read+ _! way ?r\gh ea* o!r--h[ are !y produc$8 ,:y %\ld ! place :]e ! curr5ts ?us pass ?r\gh ea* o!r be a place ( almo/ daily precipitation8 ,!re is1 9 fact1 no asc5sion1 except t :i* ! curr5ts h 9 _! l9e ( asc5t to atta9 ! elevation :i* ! magnetic law ( ! curr5t requires4 ,! trades h pass$ ov] an evaporat+ surface & are *>g$ ) moi/ure4 ,?is moi/ure !y hold 9 magneto-electric comb9ation4 ,evaporation does n dep5d ^u temp]ature4 ,ice & sn[ evaporate at all temp]atures 7,h[>d1 vol4 #a1 p4 #hf74 ,s ! cold ,n4 ,w4 w9d1 full ( positive electricity1 w lap up1 z x 71 ! pools f ! e>?1 ) a/oni%+ quickness2 & :5 ?is electricity is d]ang+ ! action ( ! ma*9]y & mat]ial ( ! manufactur]1 he allays x by a supply ( moi/ure1 ) :i* ! electricity c comb9e4 ,nor does ! air lose its moi/ure :5 bel[ ! freez+ po9t4 ,9 all p>ts ( ! atmosph]e1 z at ! surface ( ! e>? 9 w9t]1 moi/ure is held 9 l>ge quantities 9 ! colde/ & sev]e/ wea!r2 & x is n till x mod]ates1 & a p]ceptible electric *ange takes place1 t x is precipitat$ z ra9 or sn[4 ,d\btless !re is an exposure ( consid]able surfaces1 ( opposite curr5ts1 *>g$ ) opposite pol>ity1 & a con/ant depol>ization :]e _! surfaces meet4 ,may !re n be a consequ5t dissolution ( ! electro-magnetic comb9ation betwe5 ! air & moi/ure1 or ! excitation ( t electric action :i* att5ds or produces l ra9s e :]e8 & h5ce ! con/ant precipitation4 ,?is is r5d]$ probable1 by ! fact t precipitation1 at ! meet+ ( ! trades1 takes place 9 level c\ntries 9 ! day-"t1 betwe5 #aj ,a4 ,m4 & sunset1 9 %[]s1 ) ?und] & lightn+1 z ) u 9 summ]1 al?\gh among ! m\nta9s ! ra9 sometimes falls 9 ! night also4 ,! precipitation 9 ! heat ( ! day is obvi\sly induc$ by ! action ( ! sun1 al?\gh x is by no means c]ta9 t ! friction ( ! oppos+ surfaces does n assi/ 9 ! op]ation4 ,i am well aw>e t ! l9es ( magnetic =ce curve upw>d & c>ry ! trades ) !m1 & t1 !re=e1 precipitation by cond5sation f ! m]e cold ( ! upp] /ratum ( ! atmosph]e is possible4 ,b1 !re are ?ree reasons :y ,i d n believe su* to be ! fact4 #a/4 ,precipitation takes place 9 ! day "t ma9ly1 & 9 sudd51 isolat$1 heavy %[]s & n 9 /eady cont9u\s ra94 ,nor is !re cond5sation or cont9ual mi/ at o!r h\rs ( ! day4 #b;d4 ,!y occur at a "t ( day :5 ! sun is affect+ ! magnetic curr5ts mo/ p[]fully1 viz41 betwe5 t5 o'clock ,a4 ,m4 & sunset1 & ma9ly at ! "t ( greate/ heat4 #c;d4 ,! c\nt]-trades d n precipitate aft] !y leave ! ra9y belt1 al?\gh at a great elevation1 until !y rea* ! outw>d limits ( ! trades2 & !y d precipitate aga91 al?\gh !y gradually desc5d ne>] ! e>?1 z soon z !y become subject to ! action ( ! curr5ts ( an opposite magnetism4 ,_! precipitation is p>tial too1 ev5 !n1 & !y c>ry a portion ( _! moi/ure ?r\gh an atmosph]e ( ! colde/ temp]ature up to ! geographical poles4 ,a simil> result att5ds ! action ( ! sun 9 ! extra-tropical regions4 ,cumuli comm5ce =m+ 9 ! c\nt]-trade1 or at ! l9e betwe5 t & ! surface curr5t1 at ! same "t ( day t ! diurnal motion ( ! magnetic ne$le comm5ces1 or ! ra9 cl\ds =m 9 ! tropics2 !y cont9ue to enl>ge "h z !re1 till ab\t ! same h\r ( ! day t ! ne$le obta9s its maximum diurnal v>iations2 & :5 ! influ5ce ( ! sun ^u ! ne$le ceases1 & x returns to its orig9al /atus1 ! cumuli disappe>4 ,hail /orms too1 x is said1 always1 or g5]ally occur 9 ! day "t4 ,9 l mann] ! sea-breezes & o!r fair-wea!r surface w9ds1 rise 9 ! =5oon ) ! influ5ce ( ! sun ^u ! magnetic curr5ts & ! ne$le1 & die away at nightfall :5 ! influ5ce ceases4 ,!re are o!r electro-magnetic1 or to speak m correctly1 magneto-electric1 effects ( ! sun's action equally illu/rative1 :i* t5d to %[ t ! precipitation at ! pass+ ( ! trades1 is ! result ( _! action ^u ea* o!r1 aid$ by ! sun1 to :i* we %all allude :5 we come to speak ( ! causes & "* ( ! surface w9ds ( ! extra-tropical regions4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ?is takes place only1 or ma9ly1 :]e ! ?read+ surfaces meet1 x is b p>tial1 & ! body ( ! respective pol>iz$ curr5ts pursue _! way unaffect$1 t[>d ! opposite magnetic pole--& !re = ! pres5t we leave !m4 ,/orms sometimes orig9ate 9 ^! curr5ts1 :5 conc5trat$1 z 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 ! ,*9a ,sea1 ! ,bay ( ,b5gal1 & ,indian ,ocean1 :ile pass+ ?r\gh ! ra9y belt1 & move ) ! curr5t to ! nor?-we/ if issu+ on ! nor? side ( x1 & to ! s\?-we/ if issu+ on ! s\? side ( x1 until !y respectively get beyond ! extreme limits ( ! trades1 & !n !y curve to ! ea/w>d1 imb$d$ 9 & foll[+ _! curr5t4 ,! peculi> ext5sion ( ! l& to ! ea/ on ! nor!rn portions ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 prev5ts ! ga!r+ ( an a]ial gulf simil> to ! "o :i* we h describ$ to ! nor?-we/1 ent]+ ^u our division ( ! cont95t ov] ! ,gulf ( ,mexico4 ,x is o!rwise 9 ! ,indian ,ocean1 & !re ! /orms are f\nd issu+ f ! ra9y belt on ! s\!rn side1 sweep+ ov] ! ,mauritius & o!r isl&s ( t ocean1 & (t5 simultane\sly ) /orms issu+ on ! nor? ov] ! ,bay ( ,b5gal4 ,colonel ,reid m5tions in/ances & gives a diagram4#b ,^! /orms 9 mild] =ms issue f ! ra9 belt at o!r po9ts1 & may issue any :]e1 b w always be f\nd mo/ ext5sive & mo/ viol5t1 t is to say1 z hurricanes & typhoons1 9 ! conc5trat$ volumes ( c\nt]-trade on ! we/]n side ( ! great oceans1 )9 a few hundr$ miles ( ! l9es ( magnetic int5sity & no v>iation1 & :5 !y =m 9 ! ra9y belt !y are highly electric4 ,mo/ frequ5tly1 h[ev]1 z we %all see1 !y =m 9 ^! curr5ts aft] !y h issu$ f ! ra9y belt1 & aft] !y h pass$ ! extreme limits ( ! trades & become subject to ! circul> & p]p5dicul> magnetic curr5ts :i* exi/ nor? & s\? ( ! longitud9al ones1 & :i* :5 se5 ^u ! magnetic ne$le1 attract ! fil+s & cause !m to adh]e--al?\gh b slight attraction or adhesion takes place :]e ! longitud9al curr5ts exi/4 ,su*1 !n1 are ! atmosph]ic arrangem5ts & ph5om5a ( ! trade-w9d region1 & ! cause t produces !m2 su* is ! "* & cause ( ! enl>g$ volume ( c\nt]-trade1 :i* spreads out & bl[s ov] our c\ntry z p]man5tly z ! ,s4 ,e4 trades bl[ on ! ,s\? ,atlantic & ,s\? ,am]ica1 return+ to u ! riv]s :i* _h run f u to ! sea4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,com+ back n[1 to a consid]ation ( ! c\rse & functions ( ! c\nt]-trade aft] x leaves ! nor!rn limit ( ! surface-trades1 we f9d x curves to ! ea/w>d & gradually assumes ab\t an ,e4 ,n4 ,e4 c\rse1 & becomes a ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 curr5t :]e x crosses ! l9e ( no v>iation1 & cont9ues on until x passes (f ov] ! ,atlantic2 & ?is c\rse & curve is analog\s to :at may be f\nd true ( ! c\nt]-trades e :]e4 ,x is be/ illu/rat$ by ! c\rse ( all ! /orms 79 ! ,am]ican s5se ( ! ^w1 z di/+ui%$ f ?und] %[]s & o!r brief ra9s71 :i* h be5 trac$ nor? or s\? ( ! limits ( ! trades4 ,x 0 f\nd by ,mr4 ,r$field 9 mo/ ( ! /orms inve/igat$ by him1 :i* orig9at$ )91 or nor? ( ! tropics4 ,d\btless x 0 ! actual c\rse ( ! o!rs1 & t ! inve/igation 0 imp]fect4 ,all ! great autumnal1 w9t]1 or spr+ /orms :i* h trav]s$ ! :ole or any consid]able portion ( ! t]ritory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ea/ ( ,new ,mexico1 :i* h be5 inve/igat$ by ,pr(essors ,espy1 ,loomis1 ,r$field1 or o!rs1 h be5 f\nd to foll[ ?is c\rse4 ,a /orm :i* pass$ ov] ,madeira1 appe>s f ! inve/igations ( ,colonel ,reid to h foll[$ ! same law ( curvature4 ,& s1 d\btless1 did ano!r :i* he has describ$ z pass+ ov] ! ,levant4 ,! /orms :i* supply ! w9t] ra9s ( ,cali=nia & ,utah1 rea* !m by ?is law ( curvature & progress1 aft] ! nor!rn limits ( ! trades h desc5d$ to ! s\? ) ! sun1 s t ! c\nt]-trades ( ! ,pacific may desc5d to ! surface & curve 9 ^u !m4 ,b ! abs5ce ( a conc5tration ( ! c\nt]-trade1 & its defici5t action because ( its passage ov] m\nta9 ranges1 & _! location s ne> ! nor!rn limit ( ! trades t _! /orms c n exp& & become ext5sive1 z well z _! weak] magnetic int5sity1 prev5t _! /orms f becom+ viol5t1 & _! supply ( ra9 is n l>ge & mu* ( x falls 9 %[]s4 ,! same is true ( ! ,b>b>y ,/ates1 ( ,syria1 & ,p]sia1 & ( ,s\!rn ,europe2 & inde$ ( all ! c\ntries ( ! globe :i* lie betwe5 ! w9t] & summ] extreme limits ( ! surface-trades1 & )\t ! limits ( ! two conc5trat$ c\nt]-trades4 ,en\gh appe>s 9 ! writ+s ( ! meteorologi/s ( ,europe to %[1 t _! long cont9u$ ra9s1 :i* are analog\s to our /orms & are prec$$ by ! =mation ( ! true cirrus ( ! c\nt]-trade1 foll[ ! same great law ( curvature & progress2 al?\gh ! pres5ce ( ! ,gulf ,/ream ) its mass ( s\? pol> wat]s on ! we/]n side ( ! ,briti% ,isl&s1 ,d5m>k1 & ,norway supplies !m ) %[]s1 & fogs1 & cumuli f ! we/ & nor?-we/1 & makes ! mean ( ! surface w9ds ( _! /orms some:at v>iant f ours4 ,a l law rev]s$ prevails 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,! /orms ( ,new ,holl& & ! ,indian ,ocean1 s\? ( ! limits ( ! trade1 curve to ! ea/w>d & travel ab\t s\?-ea/1 _! s\?-we/ be+ a cle>+ (f w9d z our nor?-we/ is1 & precisely simil> 9 all its o!r *>act]i/ics1 :]e ! relation ( magnetic int5sity is ! same4 ,! /orms ( ! ,pacific on ! ,s4 ,w4 coa/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 9 l mann] travel to ! ,s4 ,e41 flood+ ! we/]n slopes ( ! m\nta9 ranges ) ra91 & aggravat$ by ! int5sity ( ! magnetic curr5ts at ! extremity ( ! cont95t 9 a high latitude1 meet ! m>9] 9 ! face z he em]ges f "u ! lee ( ! l& & attempts to pass ! ,horn4 ,x w ultimately be %[n t ! precipitation :i* takes place1 z ! /orms & c\nt]-trades pass nor? & ea/ 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e & s\? & ea/ 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 is ow+ less to cold ?an increas$ magnetic int5sity4 ,& all ?is is ! result ( "o great uni=m law1 exi/+ e :]e1 v>y+ 9 its ph5om5a only 9 consequ5ce ( ! diff]5ce 9 volume1 & magneto-electric int5sity ( ! portions ( ! c\nt]-trade1 z ( ! surface-trade at diff]5t places1 & ! diff]5t magnetic int5sity ( ! local p]p5dicul> & circul> curr5ts ( ! e>? ov] :i* !y pass1 at diff]5t p]iods & at diff]5t po9ts4 ,mr4 ,r$field & ,lieut5ant ,maury h assum$ t our ,s4 ,w4 curr5t comes f ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,aside f ! adv]se evid5ce :i* ! inve/igations ( ! =m] 9 relation to ! c\rse ( ! ,we/ ,indian /orms1 & _! curv+ ov] ! cont95t1 furni% to ! contr>y1 & t :i* has h]e9 be=e be5 /at$ 9 relation to ! law ( curvature1 x is obvi\s !y are mi/ak51 = ano!r & conclusive reason4 ,9 ord] to rea* u f ! ,pacific 9 a direction f ,s4 ,w4 to ,n4 ,e41 x mu/ pass ! table l&s & m\nta9 ranges ( ,mexico & ,new ,mexico1 & x w\ld supply !m b\ntifully1 ev5 if x did n !reby leave u comp>atively ra9less & /]ile4 ,e :]e curr5ts pass+ f ! ocean ov] m\nta9 ranges "p ) a l>ge %>e ( _! moi/ure4 ,?us ! c\nt]-trade :i* curves ov] ! ,&es & ov] ,p]u1 is depriv$ ( its moi/ure & leaves ! we/]n coa/ ra9less4 ,s 9 degree ( ! c\nt]-trade :i* curves ov] ! ,himalaya & ,ku5lon ,m\nta9s1 & f !re passes ov] ! ,des]t ( ,cobi1 to ! nor? & ea/--x is depriv$ by ^? elevat$ ranges ( its moi/ure4 ,s ! m\nta9s on ! s\?-we/]n coa/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica are dr5*$ ) ra91 :ile ,patagonia1 :i* lies on ! ea/ ( !m is comp>atively dry4 ,& s ( e o!r c\ntry simil>ly situat$4 ,n[ ! m\nta9 ranges & table l&s ( ,mexico are n ?us suppli$ ) moi/ure4 ,= ! space ( f\r mon?s 9 ,s\!rn & less 9 ,nor!rn ,mexico1 & 9 summ]1 & :ile ! belt ( ! tropics is ext5d$ up ov] !m1 !y h ra9 & 9 daily %[]s :i* travel up f ! s\?1 indicat+ ! c\rse ( ! c\nt]-trade4 7,see ,b>tlett's ,p]sonal ,n>rative1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bhf47 ,at o!r seasons1 & :ile we are b\ntifully suppli$1 !y are dry4 ,9 %ort1 !re are no two portions ( ! e>? t diff] m widely 9 reg>d to _! supply ( moi/ure1 & all _! climatic *>act]i/ics & relations4 ,x is !re=e1 accord+ to all analogy1 impossible t our c\nt]-trade %\ld come f ! ,s\? ,pacific across ! cont95t & bel[ #ce deg41 & 9 ?is also ^? g5tlem5 are mi/ak54 ,messrs4 ,espy & ,r$field recogniz+ ! exi/5ce ( a prevail+ ,s4 ,w4 curr5t1 b consid]+ ! surface-w9ds b5ea? x z ! pr9cipal actors 9 produc+ ! atmosph]ical conditions & *anges1 h attribut$ no (fice to t curr5t1 except t ( giv+ direction & progression to our /orms4 ,?is is _! great mi/ake4 ,x plays no su* unimportant "p 9 ! philosophy ( ! wea!r1 z we h already incid5tally se51 & w proce$ /ill fur!r to consid]4 ,all our /orms orig9ate 9 x4 ,?is we may "k f analogy4 ,:]e !re is no c\nt]-trade1 outside ( ! equatorial belt ( ra9s1 & )9 influ5tial di/ance ( ! e>?1 !re are nei!r /orms nor ra94 ,s1 :51 z we h se51 ! conc5tration ( ! volume ( nor!rn c\nt]-trade 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 ga!r$ by ! haul+ ( ! ,s4 ,e4 trades m f ! ea/1 z !y approa* ! c5tral belt1 dim9i%+ ! volume ( ! c\nt]-trade ov] ! ,nor? ,atlantic1 ! calms & dr\ght ( ! horse-latitudes are f\nd4 ,& :5 ! c\nt]-trade is small 9 volume & weak 9 int5sity1 by reason ( ! fact t ! surface-trades f ! opposite hemisph]e :i* con/itute x1 =m$ ^u l& :]e evaporation 0 small1 z ^u ,s\!rn ,africa & ,new ,holl&1 or =m$ :]e ! magnetic int5sity 0 weak1 or pass$ ov] m\nta9 ranges 9 _! c\rse1 ! annual supply ( ra91 ! ranges ( ! b>omet]1 & ! alt]nations ( atmosph]es conditions are rem>kably less4 ,we h already se5 :]e ! ra9less portions ( ! e>? are1 & :y !y are s2 because ^? ly+ nor? ( ! nor!rn limit ( ! equatorial ra9y belt 7 yet too f> s\? to be cov]$ by ! l9e ( extra-tropical ra9s2 or 9 o!r words1 too f> s\? to be uncov]$ by ! surface ,n4 ,e4 trades & ! longitud9al magnetic curr5ts1 & to be cov]$ by ! c\nt]-trades 9 contact1 or ne>ly s ) ! e>?1 & influ5c$ by ! p]p5dicul> nor? pol> magnetic curr5ts4 ,?us we h se5 t ! ra9s ( ,s\!rn ,mexico 7 summ] ra9s1 due to ! nor!rn ext5sion ( ! equatorial ra9y belt2 ^? ( ,cali=nia 7 w9t] ra9s1 due to ! s\!rn ext5sion ( ! extra-tropical ra9s foll[+ ! ,n4 ,e4 surface trades4 ,we h also briefly allud$ to ! fact t ei!r side ( ! equatorial ra9y belt1 evaporation is go+ on = mon?s "u a v]tical sun1 )\t precipitation--unless x be f an occasional brief /orm ( great int5sity :i* orig9ates 9 t belt at ! l9e ( x1 & pass+ on 9 ! c\nt]-trade1 rev]ses1 = ! "t be+1 by its conc5trat$ & p[]ful action1 l a magnetic body introduc$ into ! field ( ano!r magnet1 ! surface-trades4 ,m]e evaporation !n1 does n produce ! /orm1 or %[]1 or ra91 :]e mo/ active 9 ! dry torrid zone4 ,x may be said t ^? dry portions are1 = ! "t be+ 7z ! ra9less portions ( ! e>? are cont9ually71 )9 ! op]ation ( ! surface-trades1 & t !re=e ! evaporat$ moi/ure is c>ri$ away by !m t[>d ! equatorial ra9y belt4 ,precisely s2 b :y c>ri$ away8 ,:y %\ld x n cond5se1 occasionally1 at lea/1 & drop ! ra9 z x passes along1 if a great supply ( moi/ure f excessive evaporation c\ld furni% ra94 ,p]haps x may /ill be said x is go+ f a cold to a w>m section4 ,?is is n true1 z we h %[n4 ,b1 x may be said t ! ra9less regions at any rate receive no moi/ure1 & !re=e c n supply any by evaporation4 ,?is w\ld n meet ! case1 z x w\ld /ill be true t :5 ! ra9y belt has left a giv5 spot1 ! dry wea!r sets 9 ) excessive evaporation1 & ! nor?-ea/ trades 9 summ]1 bl[+ f ! c\ntries ly+ nor? ( ! ra9less regions1 & :i* h be5 suppli$ dur+ ! int]val by ! extra-tropical ra9s1 & are load$ ) evaporation1 are pass+ ov] ! ra9less regions on _! way to ent] ! c5tral belt4 ,s bl[ ! ,n4 ,e4 trades f ! ,m$it]ranean1 & ! ,b>b>y ,/ates ov] ! ,des]t ( ,sah>a & into ! ra9y belt s\? ( x2 b drop no moi/ure on _! way1 because expos$ to no magnetic curr5ts ( an opposite pol>ity4 ,b x is n true t all ! ra9less regions are )\t evaporation4 ,egypt is an exception4 ,! annual fre%ets ( ! ,nile saturate its c5tral valley1 & va/ res]voirs ( wat] are sav$ f x & let out ov] its surface1 & x all evaporates1 b produces no ra94 ,& s are l>ge quantities turn$ aside & scatt]$ ov] ! bottom l&s ( ,nor!rn ,mexico1 & o!r c\ntries1 dur+ ! dry season1 & _! evaporation furni%es no ra94 ,hygromet]s & dew po9ts are ( no consequ5ce !re--nor are !y ( any1 on ei!r side ( ! ra9y belt1 :]e six p]p5dicul> feet ( moi/ure is evaporat$ 9 six mon?s4 ,aga9 we h allud$ to a /rip ( coa/ on ! ,pacific we/ ( ! m\nta9 ranges ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 ly+ p>tly 9 ,p]u1 p>tly 9 ,bolivia1 & p>tly 9 ,nor!rn ,*ili1 :i*1 al?\gh long & n>r[1 wa%$ by ! broad ,pacific ,ocean1 is )\t ra94 ,s\? ,am]ica has no o!r :olly ra9less region1 s f> z is kn[n4 ,a "p ( ?is region w\ld lie betwe5 ! equatorial belt ( ra91 & ! s\!rn extra-tropical "o1 & nev] be cov]$ by ei!r2 b ! volume ( ,n4 ,e4 trades f ! ,atlantic1 al?\gh f ! make ( ! l& n conc5trat$ to s great an ext5t z ! volume ( ,s4 ,e4 trade on ! nor?1 & !re=e n s liable to hurricanes & o!r viol5t /orms1 is yet suffici5tly s to c>ry ! s\!rn l9e ( ! equ9octial ra9y belt d[n 9 w9t] to ! summ] l9e ( extra-tropical ra9s1 & give a supply ( ra9 to all ! cont95t--leav+ no /rictly ra9less region s\? ( ! equatorial ra9y belt & ea/ ( ! ,&es4 ,^? m\nta9s1 h[ev]1 pres5t a b>ri] to its s\?-we/]n progress :i* x d\btless passes to "s ext5t1 b depriv$ ( its moi/ure1 & unable to supply ! ra9less coa/ region ( ,p]u1 ,bolivia1 & ,nor!rn ,*ili4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 a portion ( ?is ra9less l9e ( coa/ :i* is )9 ! region ( extra-tropical ra9s1 ov] :i* a portion ( ! ,n4 ,e4 trades ( ! ,atlantic1 z a c\nt]-trade1 %\ld or d1 curve1 & :]e !re %\ld !re=e be extra-tropical ra9s4 ,x is wa%$ by ! ,pacific1 an evaporat+ surface1 & we/]ly & s\?-we/ breezes are drawn 9 f t ocean ov] x4 ,:y !n is x ra9less8 ,! only reason :i* c be assign$ :y ra9 does n fall !re is t ! high m\nta9 ranges ( ! ,&es int]cept & p]haps 9 "p div]t ! c\nt]-trade1 & deprive t portion ( x :i* passes !m1 ( its moi/ure1 by t reciprocal action ( opposite pol>ities :i* takes place :5ev] & :]ev] ! trade approa*es s ne> ! e>?2 & x curves ov] ! n>r[ l9e ( coa/ ) ! feeble cond5sation1 & imp]fect =ms1 & v>i$ color+ :i* m>k s peculi>ly ! ra9less cl\ds ( t region4 7,see ,/ew>t's ,j\rnal ( a ,voyage to ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 page #gb47 ,aga91 x is e/imat$1 & on reliable data1 t twelve p]p5dicul> feet ( wat] are annually evaporat$ f ! surface ( ! ,r$ ,sea1 betwe5 ,nubia on "o side1 & ,arabia on ! o!r2 yet !y are bo? ra9less c\ntries1 except s f> z ! int]-tropical belt ( ra9s ext5ds up on to a small portion ( !m4 ,! moi/ure ( evaporation1 float$ up f a surface cov]$ by ! surface-trade is inv>iably s comb9$ z to rema9 uncond5s$ till x has pass$ s\? into ! equatorial ra9y belt1 & ov] to ! opposite hemisph]e1 & be5 expos$ to ! curr5ts ( an opposite magnetism4 ,aga91 ! ,n4 ,e4 trades ext5d$ up 9 summ] ov] ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 an evaporat+ surface1 bl[ ov] ! ,b>b>y ,/ates 9 ,june & ,july1 b furni% no ra94 ,& s ( ! ,s4 ,e4 or ,n4 ,e4 trades :i* bl[ ov] ,brazil & o!r c\ntries 9 ! abs5ce nor? or s\? ( ! tropical belt ( ra9s4 ,x is obvi\s f ^! facts--& m l !m might be cit$--t m]e evaporation1 h[ev] copi\s or long cont9u$1 does n make ! /orm or %[] 9 ! locality :]e x takes place1 & )\t ! exi/5ce & influ5tial ag5cy ( a c\nt]-trade2 & t reciprocal action1 :atev] x may be1 t takes place betwe5 x & ! e>?4 ,aga91 our own exp]i5ce is conclusive ( ?is4 ,we h no surface-trade nor? ( #cj deg41 & yet a long dr\ght & great evaporation may foll[ a wet spr+4 ,belts ( dr\ghts & frequ5t ra9s occur e ye> 9 diff]5t portions ( ! c\ntry side by side1 & ! divid+ l9e foll[s ! c\rse ( ! c\nt]-trade1 & is sometimes di/9ctly m>k$ = weeks4 ,:5 a *ange occurs 9 ! c\nt]-trade1 :e!r f causes exi/+ !re or ! influ5ce ( t]re/rial magnetism 79 relation to :i* we %all inquire h]eaft]71 %[]s =m or /orms come on3 until x does !y w n4 ,ef=ts at cond5sation w occasionally appe>1 b !y w be feeble & ineffectual1 & occasion a repetition ( ! axiom t all signs fail 9 a dr\ght4 ,& we may "k x f direct obs]vation4 ,! fir/ indications ( a /orm1 & ( mo/ if n all %[]s1 are obs]vable 9 ! c\nt]-trade4 ,^! indications1 s f> z !y are visible1 are ( c\rse to be look$ = 9 ! we/2 al?\gh ! direction & "* ( ! surface-w9ds are (t5 indicative ( ^! *anges :5 n visible at ! we/ z we %all see4 ,! indications are ^? ( cond5sation1 & v>y v mu* 9 diff]5t seasons ( ! ye>4 ,x is n my purpose 9 ?is place to exam9e !m p>ticul>ly4 ,!y w be allud$ to h]eaft] "u ! head ( progno/ics4 ,suffice x n[ to say1 !n1 t :e!r x be ! long ?reads or l9es ( cirrus :i* occur 9 ! trade 9 ! w9t] aft] a p]iod ( sev]e cold1 foll[+ ! int]position ( a l>ge volume ( ,n4 ,w4 cold air & ! elevation ( ! c\nt]-trade2 or ! =ms ( cirrus :i* occur at o!r times & o!r seasons2 or :e!r x be ! ord9>y bank at night-fall1 or ! ev5+ cond5sation :i* makes ! circle ar\nd ! moon1 or ! morn+ cirro-/ratus haze :i* gradually ?ick5s1 passes ov] & obscures ! sun1 all :i* may be foll[$ by ! ea/]ly scud & w9ds3 !y are alike cond5sation 9 ! trade1 ! advance or =m+ cond5sation ( a /orm or %[]s4 ,! /ate ( ! wea!r1 :e!r hot or cold1 is ext5sively affect$ by ?is trade curr5t4 ,z we h already sugge/$1 ! m]e pres5ce ( ! sun 9 its summ] sol/ice1 or its abs5ce 9 w9t]1 is n an adequate cause ( all ! sudd5 & v>i\s *anges to :i* we are subject4 ,! /ate ( ! c\nt]-trade1 :i* is always ov]1 or )9 influ5tial di/ance ( u1 & sometimes probably 9 contact ) u--! nature ( ! surface-w9ds :i* x is at any giv5 "t creat+ & attract+ ar\nd u1 & ! electric condition ( ! surface-atmosph]e induc$ by x1 or by ! imm$iate action ( ! e>?'s magnetism1 produce ^? sudd5 *anges :i* m>k our climate4 ,:5 no int]v5+ surface-w9ds elevate x above u1 & !re is no /orm or o!r cond5sation )9 influ5tial di/ance1 x induces ! g5tle balmy ,s4 ,w4 w9d ( spr+--! cool+ ,s4 ,w4 w9d ( summ]--! peculi> ,indian summ] air ( autumn1 or ! comp>atively mod]ate1 al?\gh cold1 op5 wea!r ( w9t]4 ,if !re be a p>tial t5d5cy to cond5sation 9 x1 ! cumuli =m "u ! magnetic influ5ce excit$ by ! sunbeams f t5 to ?ree o'clock 9 ! day1 & float g5tly away to ! ea/w>d1 disappe>+ be=e night-fall4 ,if ! disposition to cond5sation is /rong]1 :e!r inh]5t or induc$ by an increas$ local activity ( t]re/rial magnetism1 ^! cumuli w increase t[>d night-fall1 or e>li]1 & t]m9ate me %[]s2 & if x is 9 a highly electrical /ate1 ! /ill oppressive sultr9ess :i* prec$es ! tornado1 & t deva/at+ sc\rge may appe>4 ,if ?is disposition to cond5sation becomes ext5sive1 cirri =m & run into cirro-/ratus1 or !y ext5d1 coalesce1 & =m /ratus2 ! surface-w9d w be attract$ "u !m1 ! !rmomet] fall 9 summ] or rise 9 w9t]1 & a /orm beg94 ,int5se action & sudd5 cold may exi/ 9 & "u ?is c\nt]-trade ov] ! s\!rn portion ( ! c\ntry1 :ile all is calm1 w>m1 & balmy at ! nor?4 ,heavy sn[ /orms sometimes pass at ! s\? :5 !re are none at ! nor?1 & a correspond+ /ate ( ! wea!r foll[s4 ,if a l>ge body ( sn[ fall at ! nor?1 ! w9t] is cold1 regul>1 & old fa%ion$2 if little sn[ falls at ! nor? & m at ! s\?1 ! w9t] at ! nor? is op5 & brok54 ,i h kn[n ! ice make sev]al in*es ?ick at ,baltimore & ,wa%+ton1 :5 none c\ld be obta9$ = ! ice-h\ses on ! ,connecticut %ore ( ,long ,isl& ,s\nd4 ,9 %ort1 al?\gh heat & cold are ma9ly dep5d5t ^u ! altitude ( ! sun1 aid$ by ! o!r arrangem5ts we h allud$ to1 yet ! c\nt]-trade1 & ! reciprocal action :i* takes place betwe5 x & ! e>?1 are mo/ p[]ful ag5ts1 mitigat+ ! rigors ( w9t]1 br++ ab\t ! *anges f cold to w>m wea!r :i* ! sun is too f> s\? to produce4 ,& on ! o!r h&1 by ?is reciprocal action1 produc+ ! electrical ph5om5a1 ! gu/s1 ! tornadoes1 ! hail /orms1 & ! cool seasons ( summ]1 & ! p]iod ( int5se cold 9 w9t]4 ,all our surface-w9ds1 except ! light1 peculi> ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 w9d :i* is felt :]e ! c\nt]-trade is 9 contact ) ! e>?1 & :i* is a "p ( x1 & p]haps ! g5u9e ,n4 ,w4 w9d :i* is v peculi>1 are incid5ts ( ! trade1 & are due to its conditions & attractions4 ,we h already said ?is 0 true ( ! ea/]ly w9d & scud ( a /orm--x is alike true ( all4 ,! /orm w9ds ea/ ( ! ,alleghanies are usually1 ?\gh n always1 f ! ea/w>d4 ,!y are sometimes f ! s\?w>d1 z !y d\btless are /ill m frequ5tly 9 ! int]ior ( ! cont95t4 ,!re is occasionally a s\!rly aft]noon w9d1 foll[$ by %ort ra9s 9 spr+ & fall1 or a succession ( %[]s 9 summ]1 :i* is r a prec$5t w9d ?an a /orm w9d2 bl[+ t[>d & "u an advance portion ( ! /orm at ! nor?1 & haul+ to ! ea/w>d :5 ! ra9 sets 91 or to ! we/w>d :5 ! %[]s rea* u4 ,:5 !re are no /orms1 or %[]s1 or induc+ electric action 9 ! c\nt]-trade1 )9 influ5tial di/ance to di/urb ! surface atmosph]e1 x is calm4 ,if a /orm approa*es1 or =ms )9 induc+ di/ance1 ! surface atmosph]e is affect$ & attract$ t[>d ! /orm1 f "o or m po9ts1 & bl[s1 z we say1 t[>d & "u x4 ,x comm5ces bl[+ fir/ ne>e/ ! /orm1 & ext5ds z ! /orm travels1 or becomes m int5se & ext5ds its induc+ influ5ce4 ,i h repeat$ly notic$ ?is 9 travel+ on /eamboats & railroads runn+ t[>d or f1 & 9 sev]al in/ances ?r\gh a /orm1 & telegraphic notices & o!r inve/igations prove x4 ,! po9t f :i* ! surface atmosph]e is attract$ & bl[s1 dep5ds v mu* ^u ! position ( ! /orm 9 relation to bodies ( wat] & ! po9t ( obs]vation1 & its %ape2 & ! =ce ) :i* x may bl[ w dep5d mu* ^u its int5sity4 ,let u take an in/ance or two by way ( illu/ration ( all ^! po9ts2 & z ,i h giv5 in/ances ( summ] 9 ! introduction1 we w take ^? ( w9t]4 ,x is ,janu>y ( an old fa%ion$ w9t]2 ! sn[ is ab\t ?ree feet deep 9 ,canada1 ab\t "o foot 9 ,s\!rn ,new ,york1 & a few in*es 9 ,philadelphia1 & s ext5ds we/ to ! ,alleghanies at lea/4 ,= sev]al days ! sky has be5 cle>1 ! !rmomet] ris+ 9 ! day-"t1 9 ! vic9ity ( ,new ,york to ab\t #be deg4 ,fahr5heit1 fall+ at night to ab\t #f deg41 ) light airs f ! ,n4 ,w4 dur+ ! middle & latt] "p ( ! day2 ! c\nt]-trade & ! b>omet] bo? runn+ high2 cold b pleasant1 /eady1 w9t] wea!r4 ,!re is a w>m s\?-ea/ ra9 & ?aw com+1 z "o or m su* almo/ inv>iably occur 9 ,janu>y4 ,h[ com+8 ,! sun is f> s\?1 & %9es aslant1 b ?r\gh a pure & w9dless atmosph]e2 he has tri$ = sev]al days to melt ! sn[ f ! ro(2 a few icicles are p5dant f ! eaves2 b ! body ( ! sn[ is /ill !re4 ,h[ c a ?aw come8 n f ! sun1 surely4 ,no1 inde$1 n f ! action ( ! sun directly1 ^u our c\ntry1 nor f ! ,atlantic or ! ,gulf ,/ream :i* is (f our coa/4 ,b a portion ( ! curr5t ( c\nt]-trade is com+1 heat$ by 8 rays & ! w>m wat] 9 ! ,s\? ,atlantic1 9 an int5se magneto-electric /ate1 capable ( induc+ an electro-!rmal *ange 9 ! surface atmosph]e :i* x approa*es1 & ( be+ reciprocally act$ ^u by ! nor? pol> t]re/rial magnetism4 ,x is n[ ov] ,nor!rn ,texas & ,we/]n ,l\isiana1 x w be "h day aft] tomorr[4 ,! day passes z ! day previ\s _h pass$2 ! sleigh-bells j+le m]rily 9 ! ev5+2 ! moon %9es cle> all night2 ! /orm is com+ /eadily on1 b its influ5ce has n rea*$ u1 & ! morn+ & midday are l ^? :i* prec$$ x4 ,z nightfall approa*es1 h[ev]1 ! !rmomet] does n fall z rapidly z on ! day previ\s2 ! sun %9es dimly & ?r\gh l9es ( :iti% cirrus cl\d ext5d+ f ! horizon at ! we/1 appe>+ d>k] z ! sun desc5ds & %9es m horizontally ?r\gh !m--p]haps ma9ly 9 ! ,n4 ,w4--& :i* ext5d up & ov] t[>d ! ,e4 ,n4 ,e4 ,! air next ! e>? beg9s to feel raw2 x is *ang+1 n f w>m to cold1 b electrically f positive to negative2 & damp5+1 f a t5d5cy to cond5sation by induction1 z we %all see--! same cond5sation :i* 9 w>m wea!r may be se5 on flagg+ /ones1 & walls1 & vessels conta9+ cold wat]4 ,! advance cirrus cond5sation ( ! /orm is ov] u & affect+ u2 ! e>? too is affect+ ! adjac5t atmosph]e by action ext5d$ f b5ea? ! /orm4 ,/ill !re is no w9d1 al?\gh s\nds seem to be he>d a little m di/9ctly f ! ea/1 & s ends ! day4 ,ev5+ comes1 & ! moon wades 9 a smoo? bank ( cirro-/ratus haze1 ) a v l>ge circle ar\nd h]2 ! cirrus b&s ( haze h coalesc$ & =m$ a ?9 /ratus4 ,! /orm is com+ /eadily on1 its cond5sation is se5 to be ?ick] z x approa*es1 x is n[ ra9+ f "o hundr$ to "o hundr$ & fifty miles to ! we/1 b we d n "k x4 ,t x is ab\t to /orm all believe1 = all are consci\s ( a *ange4 ,! c&le if ext+ui%$ w n relight z readily1 if at all1 on be+ bl[n2 !re is a crackl+ almo/ too fa9t = sn[ 9 ! fire2 ! sun did n set cle>2 ! old rheumatic jo9ts compla91 & ! v5]able corns a*e4 ,morn+ comes1 & ! /orm is on4 ,! w9d is bl[+ f ! ,s4 ,e41 ! scud are runn+ rapidly f ! same qu>t] to ! ,n4 ,w41 ! !rmomet] cont9ues ris+1 & x ra9s4 ,! /orm has rea*$ u & ! ?aw has comm5c$4 ,gradually1 z ! d5se/ portion ( ! /orm cl\d rea*es u1 x d>k5s2 ! scud are ne>] ! e>?1 & run ) m rapidity2 ! ra9 falls m heavily & cont9u\sly1 & by ! middle ( ! day a ?ick fog has envelop$ ! e>?2 ! w9d is dy+ away1 & ! trade itself1 ) its s\!rn t5d5cy to fog1 has settl$ ne> u2 ! b>omet] has fall51 ! !rmomet] is up to fifty degrees1 ! wat] is runn+ d[n ! hills1 ! sn[ is saturat$ ) wat] & is disappe>+ "u ! influ5ce ( ! fog1 ! ra91 & ! w>m air4 ,ev5+ comes2 ! s\?-ea/ w9d & ! ra9 h ceas$2 ! ra9 cl\ds h pass$ (f to ! ea/w>d2 ! fog has foll[$ on & disappe>$2 !re is a light trade air f ! ,s4 ,w42 ! moon %9es out1 & a few pat*es ( /ratus1 brok5 up into fragm5ts & melt+ away1 are foll[+ on 9 ! trade3 ! /orm is pa/4 ,h>k6 to ! tones ( ,boreas z he bur/s =? f ! ,n4 ,w41 & ru%+1 :i/l+1 h[l+1 da%es on betwe5 ! trade & ! e>?1 foll[+ ! /orm4 ,n[ ! b>omet] rises rapidly1 ! !rmomet] falls1 & 9 an incr$ibly %ort "t all is congeal$1 & cold & w9t]y z be=e4 ,! cold ,n4 ,w4 w9d has aga9 int]pos$ betwe5 ! trade & ! e>?2 ! trade is elevat$ a mile or m above x & is entirely free f its influ5ce & f cond5sation2 ! deep blue ( a sky z pure z ! _s t made x is ov] u1 & /eady w9t] reigns aga94 ,x is obvi\s t !re 0 no?+ 9 ! action ( ! sun ^u our sn[-clad c\ntry1 to induce ! ?aw or ! /orm4 ,x began1 cont9u$1 approa*$1 & pass$ (f to ! ,n4 ,e4 9 ! c\nt]-trade4 ,! ,s4 ,e4 w9d :i* exi/$ e :]e )9 its influ5ce3 9 ! int]ior ,/ates1 ,miss\ri1 ,ill9ois1 ,indiana1 ,ohio1 ,mi*igan1 & 9 ,canada1 z well z ^u ! ,atlantic coa/1 comm5c+ 9 ! =m] e>li] ?an ^u ! la/1 0 ! result ( its induction & attraction4 ,( ! ,n4 ,w4 w9d t foll[$ we %all speak h]eaft]4 ,if any "o d\bts :e!r ?is be a true sket* let him exam9e ! inve/igation ( a /orm publi%$ by ,pr(essor ,loomis1 or obs]ve = himself h]eaft]4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! /orm ( ,pr(essor ,loomis is ref]r$ to1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t 8 notes %[ ! occurr5ce ( a slight di/9ct sn[ /orm at ! ,n4 ,w4 /ations "o day 9 advance ( ! pr9cipal /orm4 ,! latt] appe>s fir/ z ra9 at ,=t ,t[son1 on ! n9ete5?1 mov+ nor? & curv+ to ! ea/--its c5t] pass+ ne> ,/4 ,l\is1 & s\? ( ,quebec1 & ! :ole /orm enl>g+ z x advanc$4 ,take ano!r in/ance4 ,s9ce ! ?aw x has n be5 q z cold z be=e2 b ! ra9-soak$ sn[ is h>d & solid1 ! gr\nd1 :]e ! sn[ 0 bl[n or worn (f1 icy & slipp]y--! !rmomet] falls dur+ ! night to ab\t #ab deg41 & rises to ab\t #cj deg42 ! sun makes no impression ^u ! sn[2 ! firmam5t is ( ! deepe/ blue1 ! borealis at night vivid4 ,o1 = a /orm ( "s k9d1 to mitigate ! /ill sev]e cold2 = ! ?aw has made u m s5sitive1 & /orm w9ds d bl[ w>m 9 _! season4 ,b pati5ce1 x w come4 ,ano!r day1 or two1 p]haps1 pass3 ! sun rises z usual1 ! !rmomet] has ! same range /ill4 ,long cold snap1 we exclaim2 h[ long w x la/8 ,a *ange is com+1 b ?is "t x w sn[4 ,ab\t an h\r or two aft] sunrise ! cirrus ?reads are discov]able aga9 9 ! we/1 b n[ !y are mo/ num]\s 9 ! ,s4 ,w4 ,z ! day passes on !y ?ick5 & advance t[>d ! ,e4 ,n4 ,e41 ! sun beg9s to be obscur$1 ! !rmomet] rises1 & x sl[ly mod]ates4 ,!re is a sn[ /orm approa*+ f ! ,s4 ,w4 ,b ! !rmomet] rises sl[ly2 x mu/ get up to #bf deg4 or #bh deg4 be=e x c sn[ mu*4 ,i h kn[n 9 "o in/ance1 at ,norwalk1 a consid]able fall ( sn[1 al?\gh mu* m+l$ ) hail1 :5 ! !rmomet] /ood at #ac deg4 above z]o1 & "o1 a mod]ate fall1 "s two in*es1 ) x at #bd deg41 b ^! 7 exceptions4 ,! sn[ range ( ! !rmomet] on ! p>allel ( #da deg4 nor? latitude1 & s\? ( x1 is f #bf deg4 to #cj deg4 above #j deg42 :5 cold] or w>m] x may sn[ to :it5 ! gr\nd1 or p]haps b>ely cov] x1 b usually ra9s or hails4 ,we h se5 t 9 ! pol> regions1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,kane1 x is ab\t z]o1 b ! rise ( ! !rmomet] !re1 previ\s to ! sn[1 0 ab\t ! same z "h1 i4 e41 f #ae deg4 to #be deg44 ,?is fact is in/ructive4 ,s9ce ! =ego+ 0 writt51 & on ! #g? ( ,febru>y1 #ahee1 a sn[-/orm ( consid]able l5g? set 91 ) ! !rmomet] at #e deg41 & cont9u$ m ?an tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 ! !rmomet] gradually ris+4 ,! sn[ 0 v f9e1 l t describ$ by ,arctic voyag]s z fall+ 9 extreme cold wea!r4 ,z ! d5se & d>k] portions ( ! /orm approa*1 & al?\gh ! sun is obscur$1 & ! gr\nd froz51 x cont9ues to mod]ate1 & at ev5+1 :5 ! !rmomet] is up to #bh deg41 & ! d5se portion ( ! /orm has rea*$ u1 g5tly & 9 calmness ! sn[ beg9s to fall4 ,p]haps a light air foll[+ ! /orm1 or ! pres5ce ( ! trade ne> ! e>?1 at fir/ incl9es ! sn[-flakes to ! ea/w>d4 ,?is is frequ5tly s at ! comm5cem5t ( sn[ /orms4 ,ere long1 h[ev]1 ! w9d rises f ! ,n4 ,e41 & ! sn[ is driv5 aga9/ ! w9d[s1 r\nd$ & h>d5$ by ! attrition ( its flakes ^u ea* o!r1 9 _! desc5t ?r\gh ! eddy+ & opposite curr5ts4 ,! next day we rise to witness a heavy fall ( sn[1 p]haps1 & a cont9u$ driv+ ,n4 ,e4 /orm1 9 full bla/2 ! sn[ :irl+ & settl+ 9 drifts "u ! lee ( e f5ce or build+4 ,c x be1 y ask1 t ?is driv+ w9d is b an incid5t ( ! /orm8 ! result ( attraction1 :ile ! /orm cl\ds are sail+ quietly & undi/urb$ on 9 ! c\nt]-trade above1 directly ov] ! gale :i* is bl[+ bel[8 ,x is ev5 s4 ,nor has x back$ up1 z x is t]m$ by ^? :o h asc]ta9$ t x has comm5c$ sn[+ fir/1 & cle>$ (f fir/1 at a po9t we/ ( !m4 ,y saw1 or might h se51 ! cirro-/ratus cl\d pass+ to ! ,e4 ,n4 ,e4 9 ! aft]noon1 & until ! sn[-flakes fill$ ! air1 & ! cl\ds became invisible4 ,y may /ill see t ! w9d w die away be=e ! /orm breaks1 & come out g5tly f ! ,s4 ,w41 unless x %\ld back into ! nor?w>d & we/w>d1 & 9 ei!r ev5t y may see ! la/ ( ! /orm cl\ds1 z y did see1 or might h se5 ! fir/ ( !m1 pass to ! ea/w>d4 ,t[>d night ! w9d dies away1 & ! /orm passes (f abruptly1 or ! sky becomes cle> 9 ! ,n4 ,w4 ,n[ y may see ! smoo? /ratus /orm cl\d1 cont9u\s1 or break+ up into fragm5ts & pass+ (f to ! ea/1 ev5 at ! edge :i* bord]s ! cle> sky 9 ! we/ or nor?-we/1 to be foll[$ t ev5+ or ! next day1 by ! nor?-we/ w9d & its peculi> fair-wea!r scud4 ,i h giv5 ^! z in/ances illu/rat+ ! mann] 9 :i* ra9 & sn[ /orms orig9ate ! surface ea/]ly w9ds 9 w9t]4 ,b x mu/ n be suppos$ t !y comm5ce ) precisely ! same appe>ances 9 e case 9 w9t]2 mu* less 9 summ]4 ,!re is v great div]sity 9 ?is respect1 9 diff]5t seasons1 & 9 diff]5t /orms dur+ ! same season4 ,a great _m diff]5t & accurate descriptions might be giv51 if "t & space w\ld p]mit1 :i* all w\ld recognize z tru?ful4 ,v frequ5tly 9 summ]1 & sometimes 9 w9t]1 ! w9d w set 9 f ! ea/w>d1 & bl[ fre% t[>d a /orm1 be=e ! cond5sation 9 ! trade1 :i* =ms ! ea/]n & approa*+ edge ( ! /orm1 has assum$ ! =m ( a di/9ct cl\d4 ,n unfrequ5tly1 :5 x is calm next ! surface1 a n>r[ /ratum ( ea/]ly w9d1 a half a mile or a mile above ! e>?1 may be se5 ) a cont9u\s fog1 cond5s+1 b n 9 consid]able pat*es l ! usual scud1 runn+ ) great rapidity t[>d ! /orm4 ,su* a /ream ( fog blew ) great rapidity = ?irty-six h\rs t[>d ! /orm :i* inundat$ ,virg9ia & ,p5nsylvania1 9 #aheb1 & c>ri$ away ! ,potomac bridge at ,wa%+ton4 ,su* a /ream ( fog 0 visible ! ev5+ be=e ! great flood ( #ahed1 :i* inundat$ ,connecticut1 & curri$ away s _m railroad & o!r bridges4 ,i h also se5 su* a /ream ( fog runn+ at ab\t ! same height1 :5 x 0 calm at ! surface1 f ! ,s4 ,w4 t[>d a viol5t /orm :i* =m$ ov] c5tral ,new ,engl&--& f ! nor? t[>d a heavy /orm pass+ s\? ( u4 ,su* /rata =m1 z f> z ,i h be5 able to discov]1 ! middle curr5t ( /orms :i* are accompani$ ) v heavy falls ( ra94 ,^! d\ble curr5ts are mu* m common ?an is suppos$4 ,ea/ ( ! ,alleghanies1 %ort & heavy ra9 /orms1 :i* comm5ce nor?-ea/1 haul+ to ! s\? & light+ up ab\t mid-day aft] a v ra9y =5oon1 frequ5tly h a ,s4 ,e4 or ,s4 ,s4 ,e4 middle curr5t ( ?is "*1 :i* involves ! :ole surface atmosph]e :5 ! /orm has ne>ly pass$1 & ! ,n4 ,e4 w9d dies away1 & ! w9d seems to haul to ! ,s4 ,s4 ,e4 & ,s42 s t x is r ! preval5ce ( a diff]5t & coexi/+ curr5t1 ?an a haul+ ( ! same w9d1 :i* m>ks ! p]iod ( light+ up 9 ! s\?4 ,sometimes ! ea/]ly w9d w set 9 & bl[ a day or two be=e ! bord] ( ! /orm rea*es u4 ,sometimes ! /orm is pass+1 or w pass1 9 its lat]al s\!rn ext5sion1 s\? ( u1 & ! cond5sation 9 ! trade ext5ds ov] u suffici5tly d5se to induce an ea/]ly curr5t b5ea? x1 b n d5se en\gh to drop ra91 & !n we h a dry nor?-ea/]4 ,i c n1 )9 ! limits ,i h prescrib$1 allude to all ! peculi>ities att5d+ ! induction & attraction ( an ea/]ly w9d1 by ! /orm 9 ! c\nt]-trade4 ,!y are readily noticeable by ! att5tive & discrim9at+ obs]v]1 & _! exi/5ce & cause is all ) :i* ,i h to d at pres5t4 ,w9ds f ! nor?1 or any po9t f ,n4 ,n4 ,e4 to ,n4 ,n4 ,w41 are comp>atively infrequ5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ea/ ( ! ,alleghanies--?\gh x is o!rwise 9 ! vic9ity ( ! great lakes4 ,sometimes ! w9d backs1 z sailors t]m x1 dur+ a ,n4 ,e4 /orm1 f ! ,n4 ,e4 ?r\gh ! ,n4 ,n4 ,e41 ,n41 & ,n4 ,n4 ,w4 to ,n4 ,w4 ,:5 ?is takes place1 x is t[>d ! close ( ! /orm4 ,occasionally1 ?\gh v r>ely1 x cont9ues to /orm aft] ! w9d has pass$ ! po9t ( ,n4 ,n4 ,e41 & until x gets ,n4 ,w4 ,i h kn[n a few in/ances 9 ! c\rse ( ?irty ye>s1 & b a few4 ,!y are exceptions--r>e exceptions4 ,:5 ! w9d ?us backs f ! ,n4 ,e4 to ! ,n4 ,w4 ?r\gh ! ,n41 y may be v c]ta9 t ! body ( ! /orm1 or at lea/ ! po9t ( greate/ int5sity & greate/ attraction1 is at ! "t pass+ to ! s\?w>d ( y4 ,?is is mo/ commonly ! c\rse ( ! w9d :5 ! /orm ext5ds f> s\? & la/s sev]al days1 & does n ext5d nor? f>1 or if s1 ) mu* int5sity1 beyond ! po9t ( obs]vation4 ,! *ange ( ! w9d is expla9$ by ! situation ( ! focus ( int5sity & attraction1 to ! s\? ( ! obs]v]1 & its passage by on t side4 ,probably 9 locations fur!r nor? & 7z ,i ?9k ,i h obs]v$7 s\? ( ! lakes1 x may be m frequ5t ?an ^u ! p>allel ( #dd deg4 ea/ ( ! ,alleghanies 7:i* is z f> nor? z ,i h obs]v$71 inasmu* z ! fur!r nor? ! locality1 ! m likely /orms & o!r di/urbances 9 ! c\nt]-trade w be to pass to ! s\?w>d ( x4 ,betwe5 ! ,n4 ,e4 & ,s4 ,e4 ! w9d may bl[ f any po9t1 be=e & dur+ /orms1 & 9 a cle> day 9 ! morn+1 z a light v>iable breeze1 or1 aft] mid-day1 t[>d approa*+ %[]s4 ,i h kn[n x bl[ all day dur+ a /orm f due ea/2 to *ange back & =? betwe5 s\?-ea/ & nor?-ea/1 & to bl[ = h\rs f any int]m$iate po9t--z diff]5t portions ( ! /orm 7 ( diff]5t int5sity1 & ex]t$ a m or less p[]ful induc+ influ5ce2 & d\btless ?is (t5 takes place at sea4 ,x dep5ds ^u ! situation ( ! focus ( attraction ( ! /orm1 its %ape relative to ! p>ticul> locality1 & ) ref]5ce to ! atmosph]e ea/ ( x1 & peculi> local magnetic action2 or1 z is sometimes ! case 9 l[ latitudes1 is ow+ to ! fact t ! /orm is made up ( _m imp]fectly connect$ %[]s1 :i* h diff]5t =ce1 & induce *angeable & baffl+ w9ds4 ,! induc+ & attract+ influ5ce ( ! approa*+ /orm is ex]t$ soon]1 & ) mo/ =ce1 ^u ! surface atmosph]e1 ov] bodies ( wat] l ! ocean & ! lakes4 ,?us1 ! w9d w set f ! ea/w>d t[>d an approa*+ /orm out ^u ,long ,isl& ,s\nd1 = h\rs be=e x is felt ^u ei!r %ore2 & :5 all is calm 9 ! ev5+ on l&1 & (t5 be=e ! moon =ms a halo or circle 9 ! milky cond5sation ( ! approa*+ /orm1 or any sign ( cond5sation is visible1 ! break+ ( ! waves ^u ! %ores may be he>d4 ,d\btless ?is may be obs]v$ on ! %ores ( ! ,atlantic at o!r po9ts4 ,?is p[] ( attract+ ! surface atmosph]e f bodies ( wat] l ! ocean & ! great lakes1 w acc\nt = two app>5t anomalies1 m5tion$ by ,mr4 ,blodget 9 a valuable & in/ructive article read to ! ,sci5tific ,conv5tion1 9 #ahec1 reg>d+ ! annual fall ( ra9 ov] ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,fir/--! influ5ce ( m\nta9s 9 extract+ ! wat] f ! atmosph]ic curr5ts :i* pass ov] !m1 is well kn[n & readily expla9able4 ,mr4 ,blodget1 h[ev]1 f\nd t ! s\rce ( our ra9s1 :atev] x might be1 :5 x rea*$ ! ,alleghanies1 0 s f> exhau/$ ( its moi/ure t ^? m\nta9s extract$ less f x ?an fell to ! we/w>d1 by "s five to t5 in*es annually2 & t ! fall ( ra9 ^u !m 0 less ?an ^u ! ,atlantic slope ea/w>d ( !m1 to ! ocean4 ,?is does n accord ) obs]vation else:]e1 b is easily expla9$4 ,z ! /orm approa*es ! ocean1 x attracts 9 "u x ! surface atmosph]e ( ! ocean1 load$ ) vapor1 cond5s+ 9 ! =m ( fog & scud1 z x becomes subject to ! increas+ influ5ce ( ! /orm4 ,al?\gh ! scud & fog w\ld n ( itself make ra91 x aids mat]ially 9 increas+ ! quantity ( t :i* falls ?r\gh x4 ,! drops1 by attraction & contact1 enl>ge !mselves z !y pass ?r\gh1 9 ! same mann] z a drop ( wat] w d 9 runn+ d[n a pane ( glass :i* is cov]$ ) moi/ure4 ,! small drop :i* />ts f ! upp] portion ( a fifte5-in* pane1 w sometimes m ?an d\ble its size be=e x rea*es ! bottom4 ,x is by ?is p[] ( attract+ ! surface atmosph]e1 :i* conta9s ! moi/ure ( evaporation1 "u x1 & induc+ cond5sation 9 x1 t ! moi/ure ( evaporation :i* r>ely rises v f> 9 ! atmosph]e is made to fall aga9 dur+ /orms & %[]s4 ,?is attraction ( a moi/ atmosph]e f ! ocean acc\nts = ! excess ( ra9 on ! ea/ ( ! ,alleghanies1 comp>$ ) its fall ^u !m4 ,s ! great valley ( ! ,mississippi is comp>atively level1 & less ( its wat] runs (f ?an ( t :i* falls ^u ! ,alleghanies4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 m moi/ure ( evaporation 9 ! atmosph]e ( ! =m] to be ?us precipitat$ & add to ! annual supply ( ra9 ^u t valley1 & x exce$s t :i* falls ^u ! ,alleghanies4 ,^? m\nta9s1 too1 are elevat$ b ab\t #a1ejj feet above ! table-l&s at _! base1 & ex]t little influ5ce on ! c\nt]-trade4 ,if !y1 7 #f1jjj or #h1jjj feet high1 a diff]5t /ate ( ?+s w\ld exi/4 ,second--,mr4 ,blodget f\nd ! quantity ( ra9 :i* fell 9 ,i[a1 & to ! s\? & we/ ( ! lake region1 to be great] ?an fell ov] ! lake region itself4 ,?is is d\btless 9 "p ow+ to ! same cause4 ,! c\nt]-trade1 9 a /ormy /ate1 attracts ! surface atmosph]e f ! lake region1 ) its evaporat$ moi/ure1 be=e x arrives ov] x1 & !re=e m ra9 falls ,s4 ,w4 ( ! lake region ?an ^u x4 ,?is p[] ( attract+ ! surface w9d ( ! ocean 9 "u x1 produces ! heavy gales :i* affect our coa/1 & :i* are r>ely felt we/ ( ! ,alleghanies to any consid]able degree2 & a /orm com+ f ! ,w4 ,s4 ,w41 ext5d+ a ?\s& miles or m f ,s4 ,s4 ,e4 to ,n4 ,n4 ,w41 may h ! w9d set 9 viol5tly at ,s4 ,e4 on ! s\!rn coa/ fir/1 & at lat] p]iods1 successively1 at po9ts fur!r nor?1 & ?us induce ! belief t ! /orm travel$ f s\? to nor?4 ,mr4 ,r$field f9d+ t "s ( ! gales :i* he inve/igat$1 p>ticul>ly t ( ,septemb] #c;d1 #ahba1 did n ext5d f> inl&1 & comm5c$ at lat] p]iods regul>ly1 at m nor!rn po9ts1 conclud$ t ! gale travel$ along ! l9e ( ! coa/ to ! nor?w>d4 ,9 ?is1 & 9 relation to ! /orm ( #ahba 7& p]haps "s o!rs71 he has be5 deceiv$4 ,my recollections ( t /orm are accurate & di/9ct4 ,b ,i %all recur to ?is aga9 :5 ,i come to speak ( 8 !ory4 ,t[>d /orms1 or belts ( %[]s :i* w\ld be /orms if x 7 n summ] & ! tropical t5d5cy to %[]s active 9 ! trade1 :i* pass ma9ly to ! nor? ( u1 or comm5ce nor? & pass ov] u1 cond5s+ s\? :ile progress+ ea/1 ! w9d may comm5ce bl[+ be=e ! body ( ! /orm rea*es u1 f any po9t betwe5 s\? by we/ & s\? ea/1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! summ] season & 9 ! aft]noon4 ,:5 ! ra9 9 a /orm ( ?is "* sets 91 9 ! night1 x w sometimes haul into ! ,s4 ,e41 if ! focus ( attraction be situat$ nor? ( u1 & s rema9 until j be=e ! /orm is to break4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 a class ( s\!rly summ] w9ds :i* des]ve m p>ticul> notice4 ,= two or ?ree mon?s 9 ! ye>--say f ! middle ( ,june to ! #bj? ( ,augu/--/orms on ! ea/]n "p ( ! cont95t1 except 9 wet seasons1 are r>e1 & mo/ ( our ra9 is d]iv$ f %[]s4 ,dur+ ^! p]iods belts ( dr\ght are frequ5t1 sometimes 9 "o locality1 & sometimes 9 ano!r1 ext5d+ ) consid]able regul>ity f ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 to ,e4 ,n4 ,e4 9 ! c\rse ( ! c\nt]-trade1 :ile ra9 falls 9 frequ5t & almo/ daily %[]s to ! nor?w>d or s\?w>d ( !m4 ,if ! daily ra9s are at ! nor?1 ov] ! belt ( dr\ght1 ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 & ,s4 ,w4 by ,s4 w9ds bl[1 sometimes ) cumuli or scud1 dur+ ! middle ( ! day & aft]noon1 to und]lie ! %[]y c\nt]-trade on ! nor? ( ! l9e ( dr\ght4 ,?us1 sometimes ne>ly e day = sev]al days1 ! evaporat$ moi/ure ( ! dry belt w be c>ri$ ov] to increase ! /ore ( ^? :o h a suffici5t supply )\t4 ,dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! aft]noon ! cl\ds 9 ! we/ may look v mu* l a ga!r+ %[]1 b ! attractions ( ! c\nt]-trade fifty or "o or two hundr$ miles to ! nor?1 w absorb !m all1 & at nightfall ! w9d w haul to ! ,s4 ,w4 on a l9e ) ! c\nt]-trade1 & die away4 ,if !re be a dr\ght on any giv5 l9e ( latitude1 & frequ5t %[]s or heavy ra9s at ! s\? ( x1 al?\gh !re may n be a l surface-w9d1 ) cumuli & fog1 bl[+ f ! nor? t[>d x1 yet a g5]al1 g5tle set ( ! atmosph]e1 f ! ,n4 ,n4 ,w41 or ,n4 ,w41 or o!r nor!rly po9t1 t[>d ! belt ( ra9s1 "s di/ance above ! e>?1 w (t5 be obs]vable1 ) a b>omet] cont9ually depress$1 & p]haps a cool atmosph]e4 ,dur+ set fair wea!r1 :5 ! attract+ belt ( ra9s is f> nor?1 on ! nor? %ore ( ,long ,isl& ,s\nd1 ! w9d1 l a sea breeze1 w set 9 g5tly f ab\t ,s4 ,s4 ,e4 or ,s4 by ,e4 9 ! =5oon1 bl[+ a g5tle breeze ?r\gh ! day1 & haul+ to ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 on a l9e ) ! trade at nightfall1 & dy+ away4 ,dur+ a dr\ght ,i h kn[n ?is to happ5 = sev5te5 successive days4 ,x is obvi\s to an att5tive obs]v] t ?is is ! result ( ! influ5ce ( ! sun 9 excit+ ! magnetic influ5ce ( ! e>?1 & produc+ a /ate ( ! trade n unlike t :i* induces ! =mation ( cumuli1 & :i* attracts ! surface atmosph]e f ! ,s\nd 9 ov] ! l&3 = ! t5d5cy to cumulus cond5sation prec$es ! breeze1 & ! breeze is (t5 want+ 9 ! hotte/ days :]e no su* t5d5cy to ! =mation ( cumuli exi/s4 ,! same is true ( sea breezes else:]e4 ,!y d n bl[ 9 ^u "s ( ! hotte/ surfaces4 ,:]e !y d exi/1 !y d n always bl[1 b are want+ dur+ ! hotte/ days2 & c>eful obs]v]s h id5tifi$ _! appe>ance ) ! =mation ( cumuli1 or o!r cond5sation1 ^u ! hills inl&4 ,!y are n1 !re=e1 ! result ( asc5d+ curr5ts ( heat$ air4 ,! receiv$ !ory reg>d+ sea & l& breezes is a mi/ak5 "o 9 ano!r respect4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z a l& w9d correspond+ 9 =ce to1 & ! opposite (1 ! sea breeze--occasion$ by ! comp>ative w>m? ( ! ocean4 ,^! breezes bl[ ma9ly )9 ! trade-w9d region4 ,( c\rse !y are ei!r b5ea? ! belt ( ra9s or ! adjo9+ trades4 ,!y are said to be1 & d\btless are1 mo/ active & /rongly m>k$ on l9es ( coa/1 p>ticul>ly ! ,malab> coa/1 & :]e ! trade-w9ds are draw+ usually f !m4 ,9 ! day-"t1 :5 ! action ( ! sun increases ! action ( ! magnetic curr5ts ^u ! l&1 or !re are elevations inl& :i* approa* ! c\nt]-trade1 & especially if x is elevat$ ne> ! coa/1 z ! ,malab> coa/ is by ! ,ghauts1 ! attraction ( ?is atmosph]e ov] x rev]ses ! trade1 or incl9es x 9 ^u ! l&1 & x bl[s 9 obliquely or p]p5dicul>ly1 accord+ to ! relative tr5d+ ( ! coa/ & ! direction ( ! surface-trade4 ,?us1 :]e isl&s are situat$ )9 ! range ( ! trades1 ! latt] w be rev]s$ dur+ ! day on ! leew>d side1 b cont9ue to bl[ z l& w9ds dur+ ! night4 ,s !y are sometimes deflect$ 9 ^u ! l& on ! sides1 dur+ ! day1 & 9 l mann] return to _! c\rse 9 ! night4 ,s1 too1 ! nor?-ea/ trades ( ,nor!rn ,africa1 are occasionally 7?\gh feebly :]e ! coa/ is flat7 deflect$ dur+ ! day-"t1 & bl[ 9 z ,n4 ,w4 w9ds4 ,^u ! s\!rn coa/ ( ,africa ! ,s4 ,e4 trade is deflect$1 & bl[s 9 z a ,s4 ,w4 w9d4 ,^u ! s\?-we/]n coa/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 ! ,n4 ,e4 trades are deflect$ 9 l mann]1 & s are ! ,s4 ,e4 trades ^u ! we/]n coa/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,:]e ! coa/ m\nta9 ranges are v elevat$1 z ^u ! we/]n coa/ ( ! ,am]ican cont95t1 ?is attract+ influ5ce & consequ5t deflection ext5ds to a consid]able di/ance seaw>d1 & h5ce ! we/]ly w9ds ( ,cali=nia1 etc4 ,x mu/ be und]/ood t we are n[ speak+ ( ! w9ds :i* bl[ )9 ! range & dur+ ! exi/5ce ( ! trade-w9ds or ! pres5ce ( ! dry belt--= ! trades are n always p]ceptible on ! l&4 ,capta9 ,fitzroy ?us describes ! sea breezes ( ! we/]n coa/ ( ,p]u1 at #bc deg4 s\? latitude4 ,! tops ( ! hills on ! coa/ ( ,p]u are frequ5tly cov]$ ) heavy cl\ds4 ,! prevail+ w9ds are f ,s4 ,s4 ,e4 to ,s4 ,w41 seldom /rong] ?an a fre% breeze1 & (t5 v slight4 ,sometimes dur+ ! summ]1 = ?ree or f\r successive days1 !re is n a brea? ( w9d1 ! sky is beautifully cle>1 ) a ne>ly v]tical sun4 ,on ! days t a sea breeze sets 91 x g5]ally comm5ces ab\t t5 9 ! morn+1 !n light & v>iable1 b gradually increas+ till "o or two 9 ! aft]noon4 ,f t "t a /eady breeze prevails till ne> sunset1 :5 x beg9s to die away1 & soon aft] ! sun is d[n !re is a calm4 ,ab\t eight or n9e 9 ! ev5+ light w9ds come (f ! l&1 & cont9ue till sun-rise1 :5 x aga9 becomes calm until ! sea breeze sets 9 z be=e4 ,to illu/rate ?is fur!r1 ,i take ! foll[+ lett] f ,pr(essor ,espy's ,philosophy ( ,/orms3 ,,cl9ton ,,hotel1 ,n4 ,y41 ,dec4 #bj1 #ahci4 ,,to ,,pr(essor ,,espy1 ,,de> ,,sir1--,und]/&+ y are desir\s ( collect+ curi\s meteorological facts1 ,i take ! lib]ty ( communicat+ to y :at ,i saw 9 ! mon? ( ,decemb]1 #ahae1 at ! ,isl& ( ,o:yhee4 ,i lay at t isl& 9 ! ,cavrico ,bay1#c 9 :i* ,capta9 ,cook 0 kill$1 ?ree weeks1 & e day dur+ t "t1 v soon aft] ! sea breeze set 91 say ab\t n9e o'clock1 a cl\d began to =m r\nd ! l(ty conical m\nta9 9 t isl&1 9 ! =m ( a r+1 z ! wood5 horizon surr\nds ! t]re/rial artificial globe1 & x soon began to ra9 9 torr5ts1 & cont9u$ ?r\gh ! day4 ,9 ! ev5+ ! sea breeze di$ away & ! ra9 ceas$1 & ! cl\d soon disappe>$1 & x rema9$ entirely cle> till aft] ! sea breeze set 9 next morn+4 ,! l& breeze prevail$ dur+ ! night1 & 0 s cool z to r5d] fires pleasant to ! natives1 :i* ,i obs]v$ !y con/antly k9dl$ 9 ! ev5+4 ,i 0 p>ticul>ly /ruck ) ! ph5om5a ( ! cl\d surr\nd+ ! m\nta91 :5 none 0 ev] se5 9 any o!r "p ( ! sky1 & none !n till aft] ! sea breeze set 91 9 ! morn+1 :i* x did ) wond]ful regul>ity4 ,! m\nta9 /ood 9 bold relief1 & its top c\ld always be se5 f :]e ! %ip lay1 above ! cl\d1 ev5 :5 x 0 ! d5se/ & blacke/1 ) ! lightn+ fla%+ & ! ?und] roll+1 z x did e day4 ,i pass$ up ?r\gh ! cl\d once1 & ,i "k1 !re=e1 h[ viol5tly x ra9s1 especially at ! l[] side ( ! cl\d4 ,?is ra9 nev] ext5ds beyond ! base ( ! m\nta92#d & all r\nd ! horizon !re is et]nally a cl\dless sky4 ,! dews1 h[ev]1 are v heavy1 & !re seems to be no suff]+ = want ( ra94 ,t ?is /ate ( ?+s cont9ues all ! ye>1 ,i h no d\bt1 f :at an ,am]ican1 by "n ,se>s1 :o _h sp5t f\r ye>s !re1 told me2 he _h se5 no *ange 9 reg>d to ! ra94 ,,caleb ,,williams4 ,provid5ce1 ,r4 ,i4 ,simil> citations might be made to %[ t ! sea breeze is induc$ by ! same cause :i* =ms ! cl\ds ov] ! l&--t x is frequ5tly want+ = ?ree or f\r days "u a v]tical sun1 & t ! l& breeze bl[s g5tly & n ) correspond+ =ce :]e !re is no surface trade1 or :]e x is deflect$1 n rev]s$4 ,a succession ( %[]s pass+ across ! c\ntry to ! nor?1 )9 "o hundr$ to "o hundr$ & fifty miles1 almo/ always produces a s\!rly w9d to ! s\?w>d ( !m4 ,!re is m t is peculi> ab\t ^! belts ( %[]s4 ,al?\gh !y consi/ ( l>ge highly-electrifi$ cumuli1 !re is a /rong t5d5cy to cirro-/ratus cond5sation 9 ! l[] "p ( ! trade ov] !m2 & x is t cond5sation r ?an ! cumuli1 :i* attracts ! surface atmosph]e f ! s\?4 ,!y w\ld be /orms1 if ! atmosph]e _h n a summ]-tropical t5d5cy to %[]s4 ,!re is1 too1 a t5d5cy 9 ^! belts to ext5d to ! s\?1 & x is g5]ally1 z f> z ,i h obs]v$1 ! ext5sion s\!rly ( ^? belts1 by ! =mation ( new %[]s :i* t]m9ate ! hot spells or heat$ t]ms ( mid-summ]4 ,! v oppressive & fatal "o ( ! summ] ( #ahec1 01 9 "*1 a type ( all--al?\gh exce$+ !m 9 sev]ity4 ,! fir/ ?ree or f\r days 7 calm1 hot1 & smoky--an appe>ance :i* att5ds all simil> p]iods m or less1 refract+ ! r$ ray ( ! light1 & giv+ ! sun a peculi> dry-wea!r1 r$ appe>ance4 7,?is smoky haze is usually atmosph]ic1 & occasionally se5 ev5 9 ,m>*1 al?\gh n unfrequ5tly fires 9 ! woods fill ! air ) actual smoke1 & v mu* increase x1 & :5 ?is is s1 ! odor ( ! smoke is (t5 p]ceptible47 ,!n we began to h a fre% s\?-we/ by s\? breeze 9 ! day-"t1 haul+ to ! s\?-we/1 & dy+ away at nightfall4 ,! next day1 ! t5d5cy to cond5sation & consequ5t belt ( %[]s hav+ ext5d$ fur!r s\? & approa*$ ne>] to u1 ! ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 w9d blew fre%] t[>d x1 & did n die away at nightfall4 ,dur+ ! ev5+ ! reflection ( ! lightn+ play+ ^u ! tops ( ! ?und] cl\ds1 j visible at ! nor? 7heat-lightn+1 x is t]m$1 because suppos$ to be unaccompani$ by ?und]1 b 9 reality lightn+ reflect$ f cl\ds at too great a di/ance = ! ?und] to be he>d71 & ! cont9uance ( ! s\!rly w9d aft] nightfall1 gave sure evid5ce ( ! com+ %[]s ! next day1 & an end ( ! excessive heat = t "t4 ,s end$ bo? ( ^? long-to-be-rememb]$ heat$ t]ms ( #ahec4 ,! same is probably true ( ! int]ior ( ! c\ntry e :]e4 ,lieut5ant ,maury1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 inve/igations1 & 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! direction ( ! w9ds 9 ! ,mississippi valley dur+ ra91 address$ a numb] ( g5tlem51 & receiv$ _! replies1 :i* are publi%$ ) 8 w9d & curr5t *>ts4 ,sev]al answ]$1 among o!r ?+s1 t1 :5ev] ! lightn+ appe>s to l+] at ! nor? at ev5tide1 ra9 almo/ inv>iably foll[s spe$ily2 n s 9 ! s\?4 ,?us x frequ5tly is ) u4 ,if1 dur+ a hot1 dry "t1 ( a few days cont9uance1 ! lightn+ s l+]s 9 ! ev5+1 & ! w9d cont9ues to bl[ fre% f ! s\?w>d aft] nightfall1 %[]s w g5]ally foll[ )9 =ty-eight h\rs1 mo/ commonly ! next day1 & a cool ,n4 ,n4 ,w4 or ,n4 ,w4 w9d ) a favorable *ange ensue4 ,su*1 at lea/1 has be5 ! result ( my obs]vation = _m ye>s4 ,inde$ ?is seems to be ! g5]al law 9 summ] 9 ! ,mississippi valley1 :]e ! ea/]ly w9ds are n s common z ) u4 ,to illu/rate ?is fur!r1 ,i copy f a rec5t "w by ,t4 ,bassnett1 entitl$ ! ,me*anical ,!ory ( ,/orms1 two %ort extracts1 %[+ ! mann] 9 :i* belts ( %[]s ext5d s\!rly1 :ile progress+ nor?-ea/w>dly1 at ,ottawa4 ,! fir/ occurr$ 9 ,augu/1 #ahec2 ! la/1 ,decemb]1 #aheb4 ,! fir/ 0 a belt ( %[]s2 ! latt] w\ld h be5 9 ,augu/1 b ! lat5ess ( ! season *ang$ its "* some:at1 ?\gh n entirely1 to a m regul> ra91 especially t[>d ! close4 ,,augu/ #f?4--,v f9e & cle> all day3 w9d f ,s4 ,w42 a light breeze2 #h ,p4,m4 frequ5t fla%es ( lightn+ 9 ! nor!rn sky2 #aj ,p4,m41 a l[ bank ( d5se cl\ds 9 nor?1 fr+$ ) cirri1 visible dur+ ! fla% ( ! lightn+2 #ab ,p4,m41 same cont9ues4 #g?4--v f9e & cle> morn+2 w9d ,s4 ,w4 mod]ate2 noon1 cl\ds accumulat+ 9 ! nor!rn half ( ! sky2 w9d fre%]1 ,s4 ,w42 #c ,p4,m41 a clap ( ?und] ov] head1 & black cumuli 9 we/1 nor?1 & ea/2 #d ,p4,m41 mu* ?und] & scatt]$ %[]s2 six miles we/ ra9$ v heavily2 #f ,p4,m41 ! heavy cl\ds pass+ ov] to ! s\?2 #aj ,p4,m41 cle> aga9 9 nor?4 #h?4--,cle> all day2 w9d ! same 7,s4 ,w472 a hazy bank visible all along on s\!rn horizon4 ,,decemb] #ba/1 #aheb4--,w9d ,n4 ,e41 f9e wea!r4 #bb;d4--,?ick1 hazy morn+1 w9d ea/1 mu* light] 9 ,s4 ,e4 ?an 9 ,n4 ,w42 #h ,a4,m41 a cle> ar* 9 ,s4 ,e4 gett+ m to s\?2 noon1 v black 9 ,w4 ,n4 ,w42 above1 a brok5 lay] ( cirro-cumulus1 ! sun visible sometimes ?r\gh ! waves2 w9d ar\nd to ,s4 ,e41 & fre%]2 gett+ ?ick] all day2 #aj ,p4,m41 w9d s\?1 /rong2 ?und]1 lightn+1 & heavy ra9 all night1 ) /rong squalls f s\?4 #bc;d4--,w9d ,s4 ,w41 mod]ate1 drizzly day2 #aj ,p4,m41 w9d we/1 & gett+ cle>]4 ,x is obvi\s t ! %[]s at ! nor? pass$ ea/ on ! ev5+ ( ! #f? ( ,augu/2 t new %[]s1 tak+ ! same c\rse1 orig9at$ 9 ! nor?1 b m s\!rly next day1 ) ,s4 ,w4 w9d1 & t !y pass$ ea/1 & o!rs =m$ successively fur!r s\?1 :i* pass$ ov] ! place ( obs]vation late 9 ! aft]noon1 & t o!rs =m$ s\? & pass$ ea/ dur+ ! night & next day1 visible 9 a bank on ! s\!rn horizon4 ,lat] or e>li] 9 ! spr+ & autumn1 ^! brisk aft]noon s\!rly w9ds cont9u+ aft] nightfall1 indicate mod]ate ra9s f a ra9y belt ext5d+ 9 a simil> mann]1 )\t ! cumuli & ?und] :i* att5d ^? ( mid-summ]4 ,i %all recur to ?is class ( %[]s & /orms :5 we come to _! classification4 ,light surface w9ds f s\?-we/ to we/ are n (t5 /orm-w9ds1 & are usually ^? :i* ! trade ne> ! e>? draws aft] x4 ,sometimes ! trade seems to draw ! surface w9d f ! ,s4 ,w4 & ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 ) consid]able rapidity1 & "s scud a little di/ance above ! e>?4 ,:5 ?is is s1 x w be f\nd t a /orm has pass$ to ! nor? ( u1 or a belt ( ra9s is pass+ nor?1 :i* may or may n h suffici5t s\!rn ext5sion to rea* u4 ,:5 !re h be5 heavy /orms at ! s\? 9 ! spr+1 especially if ( sn[1 ! ,s4 ,w4 w9d :i* ! trade draws aft] x1 & :i* comes f ! sn[y or *ill$ surface1 is exce$+ly raw--t is1 damp & *illy1 al?\gh n !rmometrically v cold4 ,probably e "o has notic$ ^! raw ,s4 ,w4 w9ds ( spr+4 ,usually1 :5 /orms & %[]s1 :i* h n a s\!rn lat]al ext5sion1 pass (f1 ! trade is v ne> ! e>?1 & a light ,s4 ,w4 w9d or calm foll[s = a long] or %ort] p]iod4 ,n unfrequ5tly1 h[ev]1 our ,n4 ,e4 /orms t]m9ate ) a ,s4 ,w4 w9d1 %ift+ sudd5ly1 p]haps1 j at ! close ( ! /orm1 dur+ :at is sometimes call$ a cle>+-(f-%[]1 or1 m frequ5tly1 dy+ gradually away z a ,n4 ,e4 w9d1 & com+ out g5tly f ! ,s4 ,w41 foll[+ ! retreat+ cl\d ( ! /orm4 ,9 su* cases x is said to cle> (f w>m4 ,) u ! w9d r>ely bl[s f ! we/1 except :ile sl[ly haul+ f "s s\!rly po9t to ! ,n4 ,w4 ,x is probably o!rwise ea/ ( ! lakes & 9 "s o!r localities to ! nor?-we/4 ,occasionally1 & mo/ frequ5tly 9 ,m>*1 a ,w4 to ,w4 ,n4 ,w4 w9d foll[s /orms1 & bl[s ) consid]able sev]ity1 ) l>ge irregul>1 squally masses ( scud1 & sometimes a gale4 ,su* 0 ! "* ( ! dry gale :i* cross$ ! c\ntry1 p>ticul>ly ,nor!rn ,new ,york1 9 ,m>*1 #ahed1 do+ great damage4 ,^! we/]ly w9ds are always accompani$ by a cont9u$ depression ( ! b>omet]1 & peculi>1 foggy1 scuddy1 cond5sation1 & %\ld be di/+ui%$ ) c>e f ! regul> & peculi> ,n4 ,w4 w9d1 z !y may be1 by ! cont9u$ depression ( ! b>omet]1 & ! "* ( ! scud4 ,!y are d\btless magnetic /orms4 ,! rema9+ surface w9d1 ! ,n4 ,w41 ! g5u9e ,boreas ( our climate1 ! inv>iable fair-wea!r w9d1 is "o ( great int]e/4 ,x is unique & peculi>4 ,x is n ! left-h& w9d ( a rot>y gale1 & has no imm$iate connection ) ! /orm4 ,i h kn[n x bl[ mod]ately1 fifte5 successive days 9 w9t]2 ris+ ab\t t5 ,a4,m41 & dy+ away at nightfall4 ,occasionally1 b v r>ely inde$1 a light w9d exi/s f ! ,n4 ,w4 dur+ a /orm1 ow+ probably to a focus ( int5sity 9 relation to "s surface ! /orm cov]s1 l ! focus :i* exhibits itself z a cle>+-(f %[] ne> ! close ( a /orm2 b ! real fair-wea!r ,boreas is a diff]5t affair altoge!r4 ,let u obs]ve ) c>e its peculi>ities2 !y are in/ructive4 #a/4 ,x r>ely bl[s ) any consid]able =ce b5ea? ! trade :ile !re are /orm cl\ds1 or any consid]able cond5sation 9 x4 ,x does n int]f]e ) t reciprocal action :i* takes place betwe5 ! trade & ! e>?1 dur+ approa*+ or exi/+ /orms4 ,i h frequ5tly se5 x ) its peculi> scud cl\ds 9 ! ,n4 ,w41 wait+ = ! /orm cond5sation ( ! trade to pass by1 t full ( positive electricity x might comm5ce its sports2 ru%+ & eddy+ along ! surface1 lick+ up ! w>m1 s\? pol>1 electric ra91 :i* /ood 9 pools ^u ! gr\nd1 or rose 9 /eamy vapor f ! surface1 & ) its cool brea? dry up ! muddy roads z no degree ( heat c dry !m4 ,! annex$ figure 7#ad7 %[s ! appe>ance ( ! nor!rn edge ( a /ratus /orm cl\d1 pass+ (f ,e4 ,n4 ,e4 at ! close ( ! /orm1 :i* 0 cle>+ (f f ! nor?-we/4 ,x is f a dagu]reotype view1 look+ ,w4 ,n4 ,w41 tak5 at eight o'clock 9 ! morn+1 9 ! fall ( ! ye>4 ,ne> ! horizon maybe se5 ! ,n4 ,w4 scud1 =m+ 9 ! ,n4 ,w4 w9d1 :i* is ab\t to foll[ ! retreat+ edge ( ! /orm cl\d4 ,figure #ae is f a dagu]reotype view1 tak5 at elev5 o'clock ! same day1 :5 ! /orm cl\d _h pass$ (f & its edge rema9$ visible only s\? ( ! z5i?1 & ! nor?-ea/ scud _h ris5 up & cov]$ ! nor!rn half ( ! sky1 & ! w9d 0 bl[+ a gale f t qu>t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,ano!r view 0 tak5 ab\t two ,p4,m4 ( ! same day1 :5 ! scud _h a v d>k1 gloomy appe>ance--z d>k & gloomy z ^? ( a ,mexican nor!r--too d>k to repres5t by a cut4 ,n unfrequ5tly 9 a moi/ summ] season1 aft] a day ( %[]s or ra91 :i* h _h an ext5d+ =mation or lat]al ext5sion f nor? to s\?1 x w comm5ce bl[+ 9 ! morn+1 & enc\rage ! hay-mak] ) ! hope ( f9e wea!r4 ,b (t5 be=e noon1 ! milky /ratus cond5sation above ) cumuli bel[1 w appe> 9 ! trade2 ! ,n4 ,w4 w9d die away & v>iable airs f ! ea/ or s\? appe>1 to be foll[$ t[>d night by an enl>gem5t ( ! cumuli & %[]s4 ,x r>ely1 if ev]1 bl[s fre% till ! /orm cond5sation ( ! trade has pass$2 or cont9ues to bl[ aft] t cond5sation reappe>s4 ,:5 x comm5ces bl[+ aft] a /orm1 & ! nor!rn edge ( ! /orm is n ov] u1 we may frequ5tly see ! latt] l[ d[n 9 ! ,s4 ,e4 pass+ ea/w>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4 ,,nor? ,,view4 #b;d4 ,its scud are peculi>4 ,e "o1 probably1 has notic$ !m4 ,!y are di/9ct1 m or less disconnect$1 irregul>1 ) e =m betwe5 ^? ( ! ea/]ly scud1 cumulus1 & /ratus1 accord+ to ! season4 ,if l>ge1 ) d>k "u surfaces2 =m+ rapidly & z rapidly dissolv+2 r>ely dropp+ any ra91 sometimes dropp+ a flurry ( sn[1 9 ,novemb] or ,m>*1 (t5] ?an at any o!r p]iod2 sail+ away to ! ,s4 ,e41 & ca/+ a travel+ %ad[ z !y pass on ov] ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,_! electricity1 p>ticul>ly :5 :ite1 is probably always positive1 z t ( all :iti% cl\ds is suppos$ to be4 #c;d4 ,x is emphatically a surface w9d4 ,! incid5t /orm w9ds1 ! ,n4 ,e4 & ,s4 ,e41 frequ5tly comm5ce bl[+ "u ! /orm1 t[>d its po9t ( greate/ int5sity1 up ne> ! l9e ( cirro-/ratus cond5sation1 evid5c$ by ! runn+ scud2 or bl[ !re ) mo/ rapidity1 & s cont9ue = h\rs be=e ! :ole surface atmosph]e f !nce to ! e>? becomes involv$ 9 ! movem5t2 & sometimes )\t be+ felt bel[ at all4 ,n s ) ! ,n4 ,w4 w9d2 x beg9s at ! surface & bl[s !re ) m rapidity ?an above2 x seems to be attract$ by ! e>?2 x int]poses betwe5 ! e>? & ! trade1 w$g+ ! trade up & occupy+ its place4 ,x bl[s "u at all seasons ( ! ye>1 b mo/ readily & /rongly f a surface ( sn[ ^: electricity is always positive4 ,h5ce x bl[s mo/ /rongly & cont9u\sly :5 sn[ has fall5 at ! nor?1 & prevails dur+ w9t] v mu* 9 proportion to ! ext5t & cont9uance ( ! cov]+ ( sn[ :i* inve/s ! e>? 9 t direction4 ,x foll[s aft] /orms1 & p>ticul>ly w>m ra9s1 dur+ ! autumn1 w9t]1 & spr+ mon?s1 :i* h a lat]al s\!rn ext5sion4 ,:e!r x is increas$ by ! sn[ f ! surface f :i* x bl[s1 or is caus$ by ! same magnetic action :i* causes ! great fall ( sn[1 is a "q we %all consid] h]eaft]4 #d?4 ,x does n connect or m+le ) ! trade curr5t 9 any way1 or *ange or div]t ! c\rse ( t curr5t2 b int]poses betwe5 x & ! e>?1 elevat+ ! trade 9 proportion to its own volume1 above ! influ5ces ( ! e>? 7:5 ! trade becomes free f cond5sation1 & s+ul>ly1 cle>72 & rais+ proportionately ! b>omet]4 ,an exp]i5c$ obs]v] c frequ5tly e/imate1 ) consid]able accuracy1 ! rise ( ! b>omet]1 by measur+ ) 8 eye1 7:5 ! cl\ds w enable him to d s17 ! dep? ( ?is int]pos$ ,n4 ,w4 curr5t4 ,! b>omet] r>ely rises aft] a /orm1 = tw5ty-f\r or =ty-eight h\rs if ! w9d cont9ues at any po9t f ,s4 ,w4 to ,w4 ,n4 ,w41 b always rapidly z soon z ! g5u9e ,n4 ,w4 curr5t ) any consid]able dep? int]poses & elevates ! trade4 ,x w be obvi\s to e "o1 ,i ?9k1 c]ta9ly1 if !y w h]eaft] /udy ! subject & obs]ve = !mselves1 t ! ,n4 ,w4 w9d does n bl[ away ! /orm2 & t x foll[s aft] x1 bl[+ ov] ! surface :i* is uncov]$ by ! /orm2 r>ely1 if ev]1 ) any =ce :5 ! body ( ! /orm pass$ s\? ( u2 & t x is a purely surface w9d1 seem+ly attract$ by ! peculi> magneto-electric /ate 9 :i* ! surface ( ! e>? is left1 comp>$ ) a sn[-clad surface to ! nor?1 by a rec5t /orm1 or t peculi> /ate ( ! trade :i* is left by ! action ( ! /orm4 ,x seems to foll[ t magnetic wave :i*1 pass+ f nor? to s\?1 acts 9 its c\rse ^u ! c\nt]-trade1 produc+ ! /orm1 or belt ( %[]s1 & giv+ !m _! s\!rn lat]al ext5sion1 & w well repay future telegraphic inve/igation4 ,its electricity is int5sely positive--t ( ! e>? by ! action ( ! /orm z int5sely negative4 #e?4 ,?is ,n4 ,w4 w9d occurs 9 all p>ts ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 s f> z we h data to det]m9e1 & its correspond+ w9d f ! ,s4 ,w4 occurs 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,x is id5tical ) a class ( ! nor!rs ( ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 z a brief analysis ( ! "* ( ! latt] w %[4 #a/4 ,! fall & w9t] nor!r is a dry w9d )\t ra9 or fall+ wea!r--s is our ,n4 ,w4 w9d4 #b;d4 ,x is prec$$ by a fall+ b>omet]2 ,s4 ,e4 scud & ra9 at ! po9t :]e x bl[s1 or to ! ea/w>d ( x4 ,s is ours :5 x bl[s a gale 9 ! fall & spr+ mon?s1 :i* be> ! ne>e/ resemblance 9 climatic "* to ! p]iods :5 ! nor!rs bl[4 ,) ?is di/9ction1 h[ev]1 t our prec$5t ra9s ei!r pass ov] u or to ! s\?w>d1 ! direction ( /orms be+ ,e4 ,n4 ,e42 _! prec$5t /orms pass+ ov] or to ! ea/w>d ( !m z !y move m to ! nor?w>d4 #c;d4 ,x is (t5 prec$$ by a copi\s dew2 s is ours--su* dews (t5 foll[+ light fall ra9s 9 our climate1 & prec$+ ,n4 ,w4 w9d4 #d?4 ,! mo/ peculi> *>act]i/ic1 h[ev]1 is t ! b>omet] rises rapidly & inv>iably :ile ! nor!r prevails1 & v mu* 9 proportion to its viol5ce4 ,! same is true ( our g5u9e ,n4 ,w4 w9d1 & is n true ( any o!r w9d on ?is cont95t :i* ,i h obs]v$ or read (4 #e?4 ,:ile !y are ?us alike 9 ^! respects1 !y are unlike 9 no respect4 ,mr4 ,r$field has trac$ !m 9 suppos$ connection ) /orms :i* cont9ue f t vic9ity across ! ,unit$ ,/ates to ! ,e4 ,n4 ,e41 & endeavor$ to connect !m ) ^? /orms1 z ! left-h& w9ds ( a rot>y gale4 ,obvi\sly1 ,i ?9k1 !y are id5tical ) our ,n4 ,w4 w9ds :i* also foll[1 inde$1 b are di/9ct f ! /orms4 ,!re are a class ( nor!rs 9 ! ,gulf ( ,mexico--! ,nortes del ,mu]o ,colorado--sometimes occurr+ 9 ! summ] mon?s1 beg9n+ at ,n4 ,e41 ve]+ ab\t & settl+ at ,n4 ,n4 ,w41 & z !y decl9e haul+ r\nd by ! we/ to ! s\?w>d4 ,^! w9ds correspond precisely ) ! hurricane w9ds ( ! ,we/ ,indies1 & are d\btless ! incid5t w9ds ( a /orm travel+ !nce to ! ,n4 ,n4 ,w4 precisely z our ,n4 ,e4 or ,e4 ,n4 ,e gales are incid5t /orm w9ds to ! ,n4 ,e4 /orms ( our latitude4 ,9 ?is connection we w look at ! peculi>ities ( a ,we/ ,india hurricane4 ,x is n a little rem>kable1 says ,mr4 ,espy1 speak+ ( ! /orms & hurricanes ( ! ,we/ ,indies1 t all ^! /orms1 & all o!rs :i* h be5 trac$ to ! ,we/ ,indies1 travel$ ,n4 ,w4 almo/ at "r angles to ! direction ( ! trade-w9d 9 ^? latitudes1 b v ne>ly1 if n exactly1 9 ! direction ( an upp] curr5t ( ! air kn[n to exi/ !re t[>d ! ,n4 ,w4 ,sub/antially ! same facts h be5 repeat$ by ,mr4 ,r$field1 & demon/rat$ by 8 able inve/igations1 bo? !re & 9 ! ,ea/]n ,pacific1 & are confirm$ by ! obs]vations ( ,edw>ds1 ,lawson1 & o!rs1 :ile resid5ts !re4 ,x is a matt] ( surprise t g5tlem5 l ,messrs4 ,r$field & ,espy1 :o h c]ta9ly display$ great ability 9 ! inve/igations ( meteorological ph5om5a1 %\ld fail to recognize a m intimate relation betwe5 ?is upp] curr5t & ! /orms !y 7 inve/igat+1 & to detect ! g5]al laws :i* gov]n bo?4 ,! /orms & hurricanes ( ! ,we/ ,indies are comp>atively ( small diamet]1 & h little advance cond5sation4 ,:5 !y pass on to ! s\?-we/]n portion ( ,nor? ,am]ica & curve to ! ,n4 ,e41 z !y frequ5tly d1 !y enl>ge 9 front & at ! sides1 & _! advance cond5sation1 :i* is n d5se en\gh to drop ra91 ext5ds 9 "s cases f "o to ?ree hundr$ miles2 & ! /orm itself1 by ! "t x rea*es ! ,alleghanies1 may ext5d "o ?\s& to fifte5 hundr$ miles1 & p]haps 9 c]ta9 magnetic /ates ( ! surface1 & occasionally1 may cov] ! entire portion ( ! cont95t1 f nor? to s\?4 ,su*1 probably1 0 v ne>ly ! ext5sion ( ! /orm inve/igat$ by ,pr(essor ,loomis4 ,9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 h[ev]1 at ! comm5cem5t1 !y v>y f tw5ty to "o hundr$ miles1 or possibly m1 9 wid?4 ,fir/1 !y are prec$$ by a hot1 sultry & oppressive atmosph]e--z are electric /orms e :]e--a peculi> electric /ate ( ! e>? & adjac5t air4 ,second1 ! black cl\ds & lightn+ :i* indicate ! approa*+ hurricane are se5 to ! ,s41 ,s4 ,e41 & ,e4 ,s4 ,e41 accord+ to ! season ( ! ye>1 z we see !m at ! we/w>d4 ,dur+ ! ra9y season1 & :5 ! /orm1 z is usual at t p]iod1 is small1 & ! ,s4 ,e4 trade bl[s m ea/w>dly1 ! w9d at ! ,w9dw>d ,isl&s1 possibly1 may set 9 at ! nor?1 & back r\nd by ! ea/ z x progresses4 ,s ,colonel ,reid ?9ks x sometimes does1 at ,b>badoes4 ,b :5 ! belt ( ra9s is s\?1 & ! hurricane comes f ! s\?-ea/1 & is l>g] & m viol5t 9 its action1 & ! nor?-ea/ w9ds prevail1 ! fir/ effect is an increase ( ^! trades4 ,soon1 h[ev]1 ! w9d hauls to ! nor? & nor?-we/1 9 opposition to its c\rse1 be>+ ! same relation to x t our ea/ & nor?-ea/ w9ds be> to /orms 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & ! w9d hauls ar\nd dur+ ! passage ( ! /orm to ! we/1 s\?-we/1 & s\?-ea/1 & at ! latt] po9t x cle>s (f4 ,mr4 ,edw>ds 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,jamaica says--& z a resid5t1 8 au?ority %\ld be decisive z to ?is ,isl&--t all hurricanes beg9 f ! nor?1 ve] back to ! ,w4 ,n4 ,w41 ,w41 & ,s4 ,s4 ,w41 & :5 !y get ar\nd to ! ,s4 ,e4 ! f\l wea!r breaks up4 ,d\btless ! same is true ( ! class ( nor!rs ( :i* we are speak+ on ! ,gulf ( ,mexico4 ,b ) ?is class ! b>omet] does n rise dur+ ! gale1 & 9 proportion to its l5g? & viol5ce4 ,) ! o!r class ( ,n4 ,w4 w9ds--! nor!rs ( w9t]--x does4 ,! foll[+ description ( two w9t] nor!rs1 copi$ f ,colonel ,reid's valuable "w1 w illu/rate :at has be5 said4 ,precisely su* *anges f ,s4 ,e4 ra9s to ,n4 ,w4 w9ds1 ) blue sky & deta*$ d>k cl\ds--fair-wea!r ,n4 ,w4 scud--occur e autumn 9 ,octob] & ,novemb]1 & ! fall+ ( ! !rmomet] & ris+ ( ! b>omet]1 aft] ra91 & a *ange ( ! w9d1 are p]fectly *>act]i/ic4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #ahdc4 ,w9d4 ,=ce4,wea!r4 ,b>4,!r4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,jan4 #cj4 ,a4,m4 #d4 ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 #b b4 c4 #bi4ij #gg ,(f ,tampico4 ,noon4 ,s\?4 #e b4 c4 r4#bi4hf #gf ,lat4 #bc deg4 #da' ,n41 ,p4,m4 #h4 ,s\?4 #f b4 c4 r4#bi4hd #gf ,long4 #id deg4 #ej' ,w4 ,jan4 #ca4 ,a4,m4 #d4 ,s4 ,ea/]ly4 #c b4 c4 #bi4ij #gd ,betwe5 #f & #aj ,a4,m41 w9d 0 v>iable4 ,noon4 ,n4 by ,w4 #i c4 q4 w4#bi4if #gf ,nor!r comm5c$ at #aj ,a4 ,m4 ,p4,m4 #h4 ,n4 ,n4 ,w4 #i c4 #cj4ji #gc ,lat4 #bb deg4 #cf' ,n41 ,long4 #ie deg4 #dh' ,w4 ,feb4 #a4 ,a4,m4 #d4 ,n4 ,n4 ,w4 #g c4 g4 #cj4bi #fc ,lat4 #bb deg4 #i' ,n41 ,long4 #id deg4 #ej' ,w4 ,noon4 ,we/]ly4 #f c4 #cj4cj #fg ,p4,m4 #h4 ,calm4 #j c4 #cj4bf #fg ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,feb4 #ad4 ,a4,m4 #d4 ,s4 ,e4 #c b4 c4 r4#bi4ff #gc ,at ,sacraficios4 ,noon4 ,s4 ,w4 #d b4 c4 #bi4fb ,nor!r comc'd at #e4cj ,p4,m4 ,p4,m4 #h4 ,n4 ,w4 by ,n4 #aj c4 q4 u4#bi4gb #fe ,feb4 #ae4 ,a4,m4 #d4 ,n4 ,w4 by ,n4 #aj c4 q4 u4#cj4aj #fa ,gale mod]at$ & aga9 fre%5$ ab\t #h ,a4,m4 ,noon4 ,n4 ,w4 by ,n4 #aj c4 g4 q4#cj4ai #fa ,p4,m4 #h4 ,n4 ,w4 #d c4 g4 #cj4bj #fe ,feb4 #af4 ,a4,m4 #d4 ,n4 ,w4 #c q4 #cj4ah #fb ,p4,m4 #h4 ,n4 ,n4 ,w4 #b c4 g4 #cj4ba #ff ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- b4 indicates blue sky--c4 deta*$ cl\ds--r4 ra9--v4 visibility ( objects--q4 squalls--w4 wet dew--u4 ugly ?reat5+ appe>ance--g4 gloomy wea!r4 ,! exact c\nt]p>t ( ! fir/ nor!r may be obs]v$ ) u e fall4 ,on ! #cj? ,janu>y1 ) a ris+ !rmomet] & fall+ b>omet]1 !re 0 ra9 at midday4 ,! night foll[+ 0 moi/--! next day1 ab\t t5 ,a4,m41 ! w9d came out ,n4 ,w41 ) squalls & gloomy wea!r1 a fall+ !rmomet]1 & ris+ b>omet]4 ,! nor!r ( ,feb4 #ad? diff]$ f ! o!r only 9 reg>d to ! "t ( ! day :5 x comm5c$2 ! ord] ( ev5ts 0 ! same4 ,! ra9 fell 9 ! night--x cle>$ (f e>ly 9 ! day1 & ! nor!r foll[$ 9 ! aft]noon4 ,?is also is frequ5tly ! case ) u1 z e "o may obs]ve4 ,?is brief notice ( ! surface w9ds ( our climate w\ld be incomplete )\t a description ( ^? ( ! ?und]-gu/ & tornado4 ,! =m] is exce$+ly simple4 ,! %[]s1 :i* are accompani$ ) mu* w9d1 =m sudd5ly 9 hot wea!r1 & h a consid]able advance cond5sation 7frequ5tly ) obvi\s lat]al int]nal action71 ext5d+ ea/w>dly f ! l9e ( smoo? cl\d f :i* ! ra9 is fall+1 or r :]e ! fall+ ra9 obscures ! inequalities ( ! cl\d4 ,! gu/ is nev] felt until ! advanc+ cond5sation has pass$ ov] u1 :5 x takes ! place ( ! g5tle ea/]ly breeze :i* previ\sly set t[>d ! %[]4 ,! gu/ ceases z soon z ! cl\d has pass$4 ,x is obvi\sly ! result ( ! induc+ & attract+ influ5ce ( ! cl\d ^u ! atmosph]e ne> ! surface ( ! e>? z x passes ov] x4 ,let ! read] wat* att5tively ?is advance cond5sation1 f its ea/]n edge to ! l9e ( smoo? cl\d & fall+ ra91 & he w und]/& at a glance ?is int]nal action ( gu/-cl\ds4 ,! :ole ph5om5a are simple & intelligible4 ,a cl\d approa*+ f a we/]ly po9t1 d>k & irregul> f its ea/]n edge to ! l9e ( fall+ ra91 :]e x appe>s smoo? & ( a light color2 w9d f ! ea/ bl[+ g5tly t[>d x1 till ! cond5sation is ov] u2 !n ! gu/ foll[+ ! cl\d2 !n ! ra91 & 9 a few m9utes ! cl\d1 & w9d1 & ra9 h pass$ on to ! ea/1 & sun%9e returns4 ,! tornado1 z x is t]m$ :5 x occurs ^u l&1 sp\t1 if on ! wat]1 is sometimes ( a diff]5t "*1 & z x und\bt$ly _h great influ5ce 9 induc+ ! gyrat+ !ory ( ,mr4 ,r$field1 & ! aspiratory !ory ( ,mr4 ,espy1 & has be5 cit$ by bo? 9 support ( _! respective !ories1 x des]ves a m p>ticul> notice4 ,!re are sev]al m>k$ peculi>ities att5d+ x :i* det]m9e its "*4 #a/4 ,x occurs dur+ a peculi>ly sultry & electric /ate ( ! trade & surface atmosph]e1 & at a "t :5 ?und] %[]s are prevail+ 9 & ar\nd ! locality1 & at e p]iod ( ! ye> :5 su* a /ate ( ! atmosph]e exi/s4 ,"o rec5tly occurr$ 9 ,br&on1 ,ohio1 9 midw9t]4 #b;d4 ,!re is always a cl\d above1 b v ne> ! e>?1 betwe5 :i* & ! e>? ! tornado =ms & rages4 ,x is usually describ$ z a black cl\d1 rang+ ab\t #ajjj feet or less above ! e>?1 (t5 ) a :iti% %ap$ cone project+ f x1 & =m+ a connection ) ! e>?2 at int]vals ris+ & break+ ! connection1 & aga9 desc5d+ & r5ew+ x ) deva/at+ en]gy4 ,its wid? at ! surface v>ies f =ty to "o hundr$ & eighty rods--! mo/ usual wid? be+ f sixty to n9ety rods4 ,sometimes :5 /ill wid]1 !y h m ! "* ( ?und]-gu/s1 & are brightly lum9\s4 #c;d4 ,two motions are usually visible1 "o asc5d+ "o ne> ! e>? & 9 ! middle1 & a gyratory "o ar\nd ! o!r4 ,! latt] is r>ely felt1 or its effects obs]v$1 ne> ! e>?4 ,occasionally1 & at int]vals1 objects are ?r[n obliquely backw>d by x4 #d?4 ,x is compos$1 at ! surface ( ! e>?1 ( two lat]al curr5ts1 a nor!rly & s\!rly "o1 v>y+ 9 direction1 b normally at "r angles 9 mo/ cases1 al?\gh n always1 ) its c\rse ( progression1 ext5d+ f ! extreme limits ( its track to ! axis2 :i* curr5ts are mo/ di/9ctly def9$ t[>d ! c5t]1 & upw>d4 ,^! curr5ts pro/rate trees1 or elevate & remove e ?+ 9 _! way :i* is deta*$ & movable4 ,!re does n seem to be any curr5t 9 advance ( ^! lat]al ones t5d+ t[>d ! tornado1 save 9 r>e & except$ cases1 & !n ow+ to ! make ( ! gr\nd or ! irregul> action ( ! curr5ts2 nor any foll[+1 except t made by ! curv+ ( ! lat]al curr5ts t[>d ! c5t] ( ! sp\t z x moves on1 & p]haps a t5d5cy ( ! air to foll[ & supply ! place ( t :i* has be5 c>ri$ upw>d & =w>d1 l t ( wat] foll[+ ! /]n ( a vessel4 ,! s\? curr5t is always ! /ronge/1 & (t5 a little 9 advance ( ! o!r1 & cov]s ! greate/ area4 ,! proportion ( ! two curr5ts to ea* o!r is mu* ! same t ! ,s4 ,e4 trades be> to ! ,n4 ,e4 ,?is excess 9 volume & /r5g? ( ! s\!rly curr5t w expla9 ! irregul>ities 9 mo/ cases1 & ! fact t objects are s (t5 tak5 up & c>ri$ f ! s\? to ! nor? side1 & s r>ely f ! nor? & c>ri$ s\? ( ! axis4 ,^! irregul>ities are su* z att5d all viol5t =ces1 & some?+ c be f\nd :i* w favor almo/ any !ory2 b ! two lat]al curr5ts appe> always to be ! pr9cipal actors1 except1 p]haps1 :5 x wid5s out & assumes m ! "* ( a /raight=w>d gu/4 ,see a collection by ,pr(essor ,loomis1 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 vol4 xliii4 p4 #bgh4 ,! foll[+ diagram is a section ( ! ,new ,hav5 tornado1 f ,pr(essor ,olm/ead's map accompany+ 8 article 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce & ,art1 vol4 #cg4 p4 #cdj4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! ma9 curr5ts fl[ is %[n by _! e>ly & unresi/$ effect 9 a cornfield1 z repres5t$ by ! dott$ l9es4 ,! direction 9 :i* ! fragm5ts ( build+s 7 c>ri$ by ! great] p[] ( ! s\!rly curr5ts is %[n also4 ,& s is ?is irregul> action1 :]e a "p ( ! s\!rly curr5t broke ?r\gh ! nor!rly "o1 & pro/rat$ two or ?ree trees backw>d on ! nor? side ( ! axis4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4 #e?4 ,?is cl\d1 & its sp\t1 move g5]ally ) ! c\rse ( ! c\nt]-trade 9 ! locality--i4 e41 f "s po9t betwe5 ,s4 ,w4 & ,w41 to ! ea/w>d1 b occasionally a little s\? ( ea/1 deflect$ by ! magnetic wave b5ea? ! belt ( %[]s4 #f?4 ,sev]al exce$+ly in/ructive p>ticul>s h be5 obs]v$ & record$4 a4 ,no w9d is felt outside ( ! track1 z ^? ass]t :o h /ood v ne> x1 & its effects %[4 b4 ,! track is (t5 z di/9ctly m>k$1 :]e x pass$ ?r\gh a wood1 z if ! grubb]s _h be5 !re ) _! axes to op5 a pa? = a rail-road4 ,! bran*es ( ! trees1 project+ )9 its limits1 are f\nd twi/$ & brok5 (f1 or /ripp$ ( _! leaves1 :ile n a leaf is di/urb$ at ! di/ance ( a foot or two on ! opposite side ( ! tree1 & outside ( ! track4 c4 ,z ! sp\t passes ov] wat]1 ! latt] seems to boil up & rise to meet x1 & fl[ up its trunk 9 a cont9u$ /ream4 d4 ,z x passes ov] ! l&1 & ov] build+s1 f5ces1 & o!r movable ?+s1 !y appe> to %oot up1 in/antane\sly1 z x 71 into ! air1 & into fragm5ts4 ,if build+s are n de/roy$ or remov$1 ! doors may be bur/ op5 on ! leew>d side1 & gable ends snat*$ out1 & ro(s tak5 (f on ! same side1 :ile t portion ( ! build+ :i* is to ! w9dw>d rema9s unaffect$4 e4 ,articles ( clo?+1 & o!r light articles1 h be5 c>ri$ out ( build+s ?r\gh op5 doors1 or *imneys1 or holes made 9 ! ro(s1 & to a great di/ance1 )\t any op5+ be+ made = ! air to bl[ 94 f4 ,if !re be a dis*>ge ( electricity up ! sp\t f ! e>?1 l t ( lightn+1 ! int5se action ceases = a "t or entirely4 g4 ,vegetation 9 ! track is (t5 scor*$ & kill$1 & s ( ! leaves on "o side ( a tree1 :i* is )9 ! track1 :ile ^? on ! o!r side1 & )\t ! track rema9 unaffect$4 7,espy's ,philosophy ( ,/orms1 #cei1 cit$ f ,pelti]47 h4 ,! active ag5t :atev] x is1 has be5 kn[n to seize hold ( a *a9 atta*$ to a pl[ & draw ! pl[ ab\t1 turn+ ! /iff sod = a consid]able di/ance4 7,see ,loomis on ! tornado at ,/[1 ,ohio1 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 vol4 xxxiii4 p4 #cfh47 i4 ,9 pass+ ov] ponds1 ! sp\t has tak5 up all ! wat] & fi%1 & scatt]$ !m 9 e direction1 & to a great di/ance4 j4 ,! b>omet] falls v little dur+ ! passage ( ! sp\t4 7,see ! ,nat*ez hurricane ( #ahbg1 ,espy page #ccg47 ,n m ?an x frequ5tly does dur+ g5tle %[]s4 k4 ,p]sons h be5 tak5 up1 c>ri$ "s di/ance1 & if n project$ aga9/ "s object 9 ! way1 or "s object aga9/ !m1 h usually be5 set d[n g5tly & un9jur$4 l4 ,build+s :i* /ood ^u po/s1 ) a free passage = ! air "u !m1 al?\gh 9 ! pa? ( ! tornado1 escap$ undi/urb$4 7,olm/ead's acc\nt ( ! ,new ,hav5 tornado1 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 vol4 xxxvii4 p #cdj47 m4 ,a *isel tak5 f a *e/ ( tools1 & /uck fa/ 9 ! wall ( ! h\se4 7,ibid47 n4 ,f[ls h _h all _! fea!rs /ripp$ f !m 9 an in/ant & run ab\t nak$ b un9jur$4#e o4 ,articles ( furniture1 etc41 h be5 f\nd torn 9 pieces by antagoni/ic =ces4 p4 ,frames tak5 f look+-glasses )\t break+ ! glass4 ,nails drawn f ! ro(s ( h\ses )\t di/urb+ ! tiles4 q4 ,h+es tak5 f doors--mud tak5 f ! b$ ( a /ream 7! wat] be+ fir/ remov$71 & let d[n on a h\se cov]+ x completely--a f>m] tak5 up f 8 wagon & c>ri$ ?irty rods1 8 horses c>ri$ an equal di/ance 9 ano!r direction1 ! h>ness /ripp$ f !m1 & ! wagon c>ri$ (f also1 "o :eel n f\nd at all4 7,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 vol4 xxxvii4 p4 #ic47 ,pieces ( timb]1 bo>ds1 & clapbo>d1 driv5 into ! side ( a hill1 z no =ce ( p[d] c\ld drive !m1 etc41 etc4 ,n[ to my m9d1 ^! circum/ances indicate cle>ly1 t x is n w9d1 i4 e41 m]e curr5ts ( air1 :i* produces ! effect1 b t a cont9u\s curr5t or /ream ( electricity f ! e>? to ! cl\d exi/s1 & c>ries ) x f ne> ! e>?1 su* articles z are movable3 ,t ?is /ream collects f ! nor!rly & s\!rly side ^u ! magnetic m]idian1 9 two curr5ts ) pol>ity1 :i* meet 9 _! passage up at ! c5t]2 curv+ t[>d ! c5t] 9 ! po/]ior "p z ! sp\t moves on1 :5 act+ 9 a normal mann]1 & mak+ ! law ( curvature obs]v$3 ,t no conceivable movem5t ( ! air alone 9 su* limit$ spaces c\ld produce su* effects2 or if s1 t no ag5t b electricity c\ld s move ! air3 ,t ! air 9 a build+ c\ld n %oot ! ro( upw>d1 & into fragm5ts2 mu* less c\ld ! air 9 a cell> by any conceivable =ce1 be made to elevate or %oot up ! entire h\se1 & its inmates1 & cont5ts--effects s totally unlike :at takes place 9 gales1 hurricanes1 & typhoons3 ,t ela/ic free air nev] did nor c\ld take hold ( ! pl[ *a91 & pl[ up ! gr\nd2 or scor* & kill ! vegetation2 or twi/ ! limbs f "o side ( a tree1 :ile ! mo/ delicate leaves on ! o!r1 & )9 two or ?ree feet1 rema9$ unaffect$ & undi/urb$2 or pick ! *ick5s3 ,t ev5 if ! expansion ( ! air c\ld produce ^! effects--if a sudd5 vacuum 7 produc$--no?+ b curr5ts ( electricity c\ld produce ! sudd5 vacuum1 by remov+ ! air above4 ,x is well settl$ t atmosph]ic electricity c & does fl[ 9 curr5ts ) light1 by exp]im5ts 9 relation to ! bru% dis*>ge1 etc4 ,t x may d s )\t light or disruptive dis*>ge1 & 9 a /ream1 or z x is t]m$1 by convection1 ) ! =ce & effect se5 9 ! tornado1 is p]fectly consi/5t ) :at we "k ( x--& x is1 ,i ?9k cle>ly ev9c$ t su* is ! "* ( ! ph5om5a1 by ! fact t a sudd5 p[]ful disruptive dis*>ge1 ) light1 up ! sp\t1 produces an in/antane\s p>tial or total susp5sion ( its action2 to be r5ew$ z ! cl\d passes ov] ano!r & m highly *>g$ portion ( ! e>?'s surface4 ,pelti] gives in/ances :]e ! sp\t has be5 entirely & in/antane\sly de/roy$ by su* a sudd5 & p[]ful dis*>ge ( electricity2 m>k+ ! spot :]e x 0 s de/roy$ by a l>ge hole 9 ! e>?1 f :i* ! dis*>ge issu$4 ,& 9 fact ^! tornados are (t5 /eadily lum9\s1 & s mu* s1 :5 !y occur 9 ! night1 z to enable p]sons to read )\t difficulty4 ,! lat]al inw>d & upw>d curr5ts1 are accompani$1 aft] !y meet & unite1 or seem to unite1 by gyratory or circul> ones4 ,h[ are !y produc$8 ,?is "q c only be answ]$ by analogy4 ,no p]man5t impressions are left by ! circul> curr5ts1 except to a limit$ ext5t1 & 9 occasional in/ances2 & obs]vation ( !m has be51 & mu/ necess>ily be limit$ & unc]ta94 ,i h witness$ "o or two on a mod]ate scale2 b ow+ to ! sudd5ness ( _! passage1 & ! confusion ( ! objects tak5 up1 x 0 difficult to det]m9e :at ! circul> curr5ts 74 ,:5 ! s\!rly curr5t is mu* ! /ronge/1 x appe>s sometimes to cross ! axis1 & curve r\nd ! nor!rly "o4 ,p]haps ?is may be all ! curv+ t really takes place1 except at ! po/]ior "p ( ! axis1 = evid5ce ( a curv+ on ! s\? ( ! axis is r>ely1 if ev] se54 ,assum+1 h[ev]1 t ! ma9 curr5ts unite & =m "o f ! e>? to ! cl\d1 induc$ circul> curr5ts w\ld be 9 p]fect keep+ ) ! kn[n laws ( electricity4 ,su* curr5ts1 & ) magnetic prop]ties1 are always induc$ by p[]ful curr5ts ( voltaic electricity pass+ ?r\gh wires4 ,& d\btless 9 all cases p[]ful curr5ts ( electricity induce att5dant circul> curr5ts4 ,?is may acc\nt = ! ext]nal gyration ( ! sp\t4 ,or x may be t ! two lat]al curr5ts ( air :i* att5d ! curr5ts ( electricity1 d n unite2 hav+ opposite pol>ity1 b pass by & ar\nd ea* o!r1 9 connection ) ! circul> magnetic curr5ts4 ,future obs]vation & p]haps exp]im5tal rese>* w det]m9e ?is4 ,b x may n be accompli%$ by ! pres5t g5]ation2 = ! belief t tornados are m]e :irlw9ds1 produc$ by ! action ( ! sun 9 heat+ ! l&1 is adh]$ to1 not)/&+ !y cross ! int5se magnetic area ( ,ohio 9 mid-w9t]1 & seems to be in]adicable4 ,! proportions ( diff]5t w9ds v>y 9 diff]5t localities4 ,= ! b5efit ( ^? :o are curi\s1 ,i copy a table f an able compilation by ,pr(essor ,c(f91 publi%$ by ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itute1 %[+ ! proportion ( ! w9ds at ,new ,hav5 7! /ation ne>e/ to me74 ,x w be notic$ t dur+ ! ye> ! ,n4 ,w4 w9ds bl[ ! greate/ numb] ( days2 ! ,s4 ,w4 next2 ! ,n4 ,e4 & ,s4 ,e4 less ?an ei!r1 & ab\t equal4 ,x may be obs]v$ t ! two latt] be> ab\t ! same proportion to ! :ole1 t our numb] ( cl\dy & /ormy days1 av]ag+ ab\t n9ety1 be> to ! :ole numb] ( days 9 ! ye>4 ---------------------------------------- -------- ,c\rse4 #ahjd4 #ahaa4 #ahab4 #ahac4 ,total4 ---------------------------------------- -------- ,n4 #adc #aje #ij #aaa #ddi ,n4 ,e4 #ii #bjg #ach #ach #ehb ,e4 #cc #ah #bb #bc #if ,s4 ,e4 #aca #ajh #ace #aaj #dhd ,s4 #eh #fi #aac #hj #cbj ,s4 ,w4 #bbd #bee #aec #bfa #hic ,w4 #ha #fi #ajb #eg #cji ,n4 ,w4 #cbi #bfd #cde #cae #abec ---------------------------------------- -------- ,?is "w ( ,mr4 ,c(f9 has be5 br\ght to my notice s9ce ! =ego+ pages 7 writt54 ,! facts embodi$ 9 x w be f\nd to comport ) :at ,i h obs]v$ & /at$4 ,9 relation to ! proportionate numb] ( days 9 ! ye> dur+ :i* ! w9d bl[s f ! diff]5t po9ts ( ! compass at ! sev]al /ations x is v full & able4 ,b x has c>d9al defects4 ,x does n %[ ! ma9 curr5ts ( ! atmosph]e4 ,x treats ! surface-w9ds1 :i* are incid5tal1 z pr9cipals4 ,! direction ( ! ma9 curr5ts is inde$ %[n frequ5tly by ! mean c\rse ( ! surface w9ds1 b n uni=mly or intelligibly4 ,nor does x di/+ui% betwe5 ! fair wea!r & /orm w9ds2 nor always betwe5 ! trade w9ds dur+ _! nor!rn transit1 & ! v>iable w9ds nor? ( ! trade-w9d region4 ,h5ce1 ! d$uctions d]iv$ f x disclose no g5]al sy/em1 & su/a9 no !ory1 al?\gh _m v important facts appe>4 ,"s ( ^!1 ,pr(essor ,c(f9 f\nd x difficult to reconcile ) receiv$ !ories1 or satisfactorily expla94 ,= in/ance1 he f\nd ! prevail+ w9ds ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ,l\isiana & ,texas1 ,s4 & ,s4 ,e42 9 we/]n ,arkansas1 & ,miss\ri1 s\!rly1 & 9 ,i[a & ,wiscons91 ,s4 ,w41 =m+ a curve1 & evid5tly connect$ toge!r4 ,?us1 allud+ to ! w9ds we/ ( ! ,mississippi1 & betwe5 ! p>allels ( #cf deg4 & #fj deg41 he says3 ,on ! ,am]ican cont95t1 we/ ( ! ,mississippi1 !re appe>s to be m div]sity 9 ! mean direction ( ! w9d1 yet "h x is we/]ly at sixte5 /ations out ( tw5ty1 f :i* obs]vations h be5 obta9$4 ,! mo/ peculi> feature 9 ?is region1 is ! l9e ( s\!rly w9ds on ! we/]n bord]s ( ,arkansas & ,miss\ri4 ,x seems to =m a connect+ l9k betwe5 ! w9ds ( ?is zone & ! s\?-ea/]ly ones t we f9d s\? ( x2 &1 9 "s degree1 to favor an idea t has be5 advanc$1 t !re is a va/ eddy1 ext5d+ f ! we/]n %ore ( ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 to ! ea/]n %ore ( ! ,atlantic2 t ! ea/]ly trade-w9ds ( ! ,atlantic ,ocean1 :5 !y /rike ! ,am]ican cont95t1 ve] nor?w>dly1 & !n ,n4 ,e41 & ?us recross ! ,atlantic1 & foll[ d[n ! coa/ ( ,portugal & ,africa1 till !y complete ! circuit4 ,?is mean preval5ce ( ! curv+ w9ds indicates ! c\rse ( ! we/]n portion ( ! conc5trat$ c\nt]-trade1 ( :i* we h s fully spok51 & to :i* t portion owes its ra9s & f]tility4 ,d\btless ! curve w\ld h be5 trac$ some:at fur!r we/1 if obs]vations _h be5 obta9$ f m we/]ly /ations4 ,! idea ( an eddy1 to :i* ,pr(essor ,c(f9 alludes1 is ( c\rse uns\nd2 t ( a c\nt]-trade1 mo/ fully confirm$2 ! curve correspond+ ) t ( ! regul> ra9s & f]tility z !y are kn[n to exi/4 ,pr(essor ,c(f9 is a believ] 9 ! g5]ally-receiv$ !ory ( r>efaction1 z ! cause ( all w9ds4 ,8 "w is publi%$ by ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 & ! !ory is1 s f> =?1 nationaliz$4 ,b he f\nd x v difficult to reconcile all ! facts he obta9$1 ) ! !ory1 &1 possess+ a tru?-lov+ m9d1 he frankly admits x4 ,allud+ to ! preval5ce ( ,n4 ,e4 w9ds (f ! coa/ ( ,africa 9 ! summ] mon?s1 z %[n by c]ta9 numb]$ w9d-roses1 he says3 ,nos4 #ha1 #hc1 #hf1 & #ia1 h caus$ me mu* p]plexity4 ,! arr[s = ! w>m] mon?s evid5tly indicate a po9t ( r>efaction situat$ to ! s\? or s\?-we/1 & yet all ! obs]vations f :i* !y 7 comput$ 7 tak5 )9 a few hundr$ miles ( ! ,african coa/ & des]t ( ,sah>a2 a region1 ! annual range ( ^: temp]ature mu/ be exce$+ly great4 ,! only way 9 :i* ,i c acc\nt = a fact s a/oni%+1 is1 by suppos+ ! deflect+ =ces at ^! numb]s to be second>y to ! influ5ce :i* we see s /rongly m>k$ 9 ,nos4 #hh1 #hi1 & #ij4 ,let u1 !n1 fir/ devote our att5tion to ^!4 7,we h n space = ! map ( ,pr(essor ,c(f91 nor is x necess>y to ins]t x4 ,! numb]s #ha1 #hc1 #hf1 & #ia1 ref] to respective portions ( ! ,atlantic1 we/ ( ,africa1 ,nor? ( ! ,cape de ,v]des1 ( #e deg4 ( latitude ea*1 :]e ! ,n4 ,e4 trades are draw+ (f f ! coa/4 ,! ,nos4 #hh1 #hi1 & #ij ref] to l portions bel[ ! ,cape de ,v]de1 :]e ! ,s4 ,w4 monsoons are f\nd "u ! ra9y belt2 & ! explanation ( ! di/+ui%$ au?or is an attempt to acc\nt = ! bl[+ ( ! trades f ,sah>a1 by suppos+ !m connect$ ) ! monsoons fur!r s\?1 :i* seem to bl[ t[>d x47 ,! int5se heat ( ! ,great ,des]t r>efies ! air exce$+ly f ,june to ,octob]1 inclusive1 & h5ce ! arr[s ( unp>allel$ l5g? 7,plate ,,xii471 7%[+ ! monsoon w9ds bel[ ! ,cape de ,v]des17 po9t+ t[>d x dur+ ^? mon?s1 ! longe/ be+ long] ?an t :i* repres5ts ! mo/ uni=m ( ! trade-w9ds1 9 ! ratio ( #ajd to #hi4 ,! influ5ce ( ?is r>efaction is suffici5t to curve ! p[]ful curr5t ( ! trade-w9ds 9 ! mann] exhibit$ on ,plate ,,vii4 ,nos4 #hi & #ij1 & to produce ! n less rem>kable *ange 9 ,no4 #hh1 hold+ ! curr5t back & ret>d+ x1 s t its progressive motion 9 ! ?ree mon?s ( ,july1 ,augu/1 & ,septemb] unit$1 h>dly exce$s t dur+ any "o ( ! cold] mon?s ( ! ye>4 ,b :ile ?is is s1 ! trades on ! we/]n side ( ! ,atlantic are pursu+ ne>ly _! regul> track1 be+ b slightly affect$ by ^! influ5ces4 ,z a consequ5ce1 ! latt] mu/ leave1 z x 71 a p>tial vacuum beh9d !m1 :i* is fill$ by air fl[+ 9 f ! nor?-ea/ & s\?-ea/4 ,?is w acc\nt = ! seem+ anomaly ( hav+ a some:at /rong deflect+ =ce direct$ t[>d mid-ocean1 9 ! hotte/ "p ( ! ye>1 z 9 ! numb]s above ref]r$ to4 ,& yet x may be v naturally ask$1 ,:y does n ! air f ^! p>ts supply ! ,great ,des]t directly1 in/ead ( tak+ a circuit\s r\te to supply ! region t supplies x8 ,a "q :i*1 ,i confess1 x seems difficult to answ]4 7,! italicization 9 ! =ego+ extract is m9e74 ,"h ! wor?y pr(essor f9ds a fact inconsi/5t ) ! !ory ( r>efaction--viz43 t ! w9ds bl[ (f %ore1 & t[>d mid-ocean1 opposite ,sah>a1 & he is p]plex$ & a/oni%$4 ,! !ory1 h[ev]1 mu/ be ma9ta9$1 & "o ( ^? modify+ hypo!ses :i* h made meteorology su* a complicat$ piece ( pat*-"w1 mu/ be inv5t$2 "s deflect+ =ces f\nd4 ,!re is ! ,great ,des]t1 bord]+ ^u ! ocean1 nor? ( ! ,cape de ,v]de ,isl&s1 = a di/ance ( six hundr$ miles1 wid5+ z x ext5ds inl&1 ^: temp]ature1 z he says1 mu/ be exce$+ly great2 & d\btless is s1 & yet ! air1 in/ead ( bl[+ 9 ^u x 9 a hurricane1 is actually draw+ (f f x1 & bl[+ t[>ds ! ,s4 ,w41 :]e ! wat] & air d n rise above #hd deg44 ,well may he be p]plex$ & a/oni%$4 ,turn+ s\?1 h[ev]1 to ! di/ance ( five hundr$ miles or m1 he f9ds ! ,s4 ,w4 monsoon w9ds1 :i* 9 ^? mon?s bl[ "u ! belt ( ra9s1 t[>d ! l&1 9 ! direction (1 b at a great di/ance f1 ,sah>a4 ,x is an easy matt] to suppose t !y rea* ! ,great ,des]t & supply its vortex ( r>efaction1 inasmu* z !y bl[ 9 a direction t[>d x1 & di/ance is no imp$im5t to supposition4 ,!n x is necess>y to suppose t ! ,s4 ,e4 & ,n4 ,e4 trades1 at ! s\?-we/1 draw s /rongly to ! we/w>d z to create a p>tial vacuum to ! ,s4 ,w4 ( ,sah>a1 :i* is fill$ by ! w9ds :i* draw (f %ore1 & !n we h ! supply br\ght f ! di/ance ( five hundr$ miles or m1 by an asc5d+ vortex1 :i* creates a vacuum1 & ! air ne> ! vortex tak5 away 9 ano!r direction by a p>tial vacuum2 & s an asc5d+ vortex1 :i* creates a vacuum is suppli$ f a di/ance1 & a p>tial vacuum at a di/ance is suppli$ by ! air ne> ! p]fect vacuum4 ,su* an idea ( a supply by a circuit\s r\te1 & second>y influ5ce1 is n v philosophical1 to say ! lea/1 & ,pr(essor ,c(f9 feels x2 & to ! "q1 ,:y is x s8 :i*1 he says1 may v naturally be ask$1 he confesses !re is no answ]4 ,& !re w\ld be none1 ev5 if 8 suppositions 7 bas$ ^u facts4 ,b o!r que/ions might be ask$ equally difficult to be answ]$1 viz43 #a/4 ,is !re any r>efaction :i* c draw ! trades to ! we/1 & 9 t p>ticul> locality1 9 opposition to ! suppos$ vortex ( ,sah>a1 by creat+ a p>tial vacuum8 #b;d4 ,are !y 9 fact s drawn8 #c;d4 ,d ! ,s4 ,w4 w9ds1 s\? ( ! ,cape de ,v]des1 & "u ! ra9y belt1 :i* 9 ! summ] mon?s ext5d up to ^! isl&s1 rea* ! des]t at all8 ,^! are p]t95t que/ions1 & e "o ( !m mu/ be answ]$ 9 ! negative4 ,! hypo!sis is )\t f\ndation1 & ,pr(essor's ,c(f9's p]plexity & a/oni%m5t mu/ rema91 until he ab&ons ! !ory ( r>efaction entirely4 ,! w9ds :i* s p]plex him are no?+ b ! regul> ,n4 ,e4 trades1 made to orig9ate on ! coa/ & cont95t ( ,africa1 9 summ]1 by ! nor!rn transit ( ! :ole ma*9]y4 ,!y n only draw (f f ! des]t coa/1 b !y bl[ ov] ! des]t itself on to ! ocean1 & into ! ra9y belt ^u ! l&1 z we h already se51 & ! suppos$ vortex ( r>efaction does n exi/4 ,t ! monsoons d n rea* ! des]t is demon/rat$ by ! tables ( ,pr(essor ,c(f91 & to set x at re/ we w make ! necess>y extracts4 ,comm5c+ ) ! region f ! equator to #e deg4 ,n41 & f #aj deg4 to #ee deg4 ,w4 longitude1 we h ! obs]v$ w9ds 9 proportion1 z foll[s1 = ,july & ,augu/--! s\?-ea/ trades prevail+1 inasmu* z ! belt ( ra9s is at ?is season situat$ fur!r nor?4 ,,latitude #j deg4 ,,to #e deg41 ,,longitude ,,f ,,gre5wi* #aj deg4 ,,to #ee deg44 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,c\rse4 ,july4 ,augu/4 ,c\rse4 ,july4 ,augu/4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,nor?4 #j #j ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 #ed #aaa ,n4 ,n4 ,e4 #h #b ,s4 ,w4 #a #bi ,n4 ,e4 #f #b ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 #f #ai ,e4 ,n4 ,e4 #bg #af ,we/4 #b #i ,ea/4 #ca #bj ,w4 ,n4 ,w4 #a #f ,e4 ,s4 ,e4 #abj #if ,n4 ,w4 #a #j ,s4 ,e4 #baf #bgf ,n4 ,n4 ,w4 #j #b ,s4 ,s4 ,e4 #bah #ddc ,calm4 #h #d ,s\?4 #fi #bgi --------------------------- ,total #gfh #a1cad ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,"h1 x is evid5t t ! ,s4 ,e4 trades are ! prevail+ w9ds1 b _! c\rse is v>iable4 ,asc5d+ to ! region betwe5 #e deg4 & #aj deg4 nor? latitude1 & #aj deg4 to #ee deg4 we/ longitude1 ! nor!rn "p ( :i* at ?is season is cov]$ by ! ra9y belt2 we f9d ! monsoon1 ! ,s41 ,s4 ,s4 ,w41 & ,s4 ,w4 w9ds1 ! prevail+ ones 9 ,augu/1 al?\gh ! w9ds are v>iable1 z usual "u ! ra9y belt4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,c\rse4 ,july4 ,augu/4 ,c\rse4 ,july4 ,augu/4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,nor?4 #ai #f ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 #ahh #cfh ,n4 ,n4 ,e4 #bf #aa ,s4 ,w4 #fc #id ,n4 ,e4 #ajd #cb ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 #gc #ic ,e4 ,n4 ,e4 #cj #af ,we/4 #cc #dh ,ea/4 #de #bi ,w4 ,n4 ,w4 #cj #ah ,e4 ,s4 ,e4 #cf #dj ,n4 ,w4 #ba #i ,s4 ,e4 #ic #ec ,n4 ,n4 ,w4 #ag #ac ,s4 ,s4 ,e4 #bbe #cjg ,calm4 #aji #gd ,s\?4 #bci #ead ------------------------- ,total #a1cea #a1gbe ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,asc5d+ to ! region ( #aj deg4 to #ae deg4 nor? latitude1 & #ae deg4 to #de deg4 we/ longitude1 we f9d ! w9ds exce$+ly v>iable1 & ! monsoons dim9i%$ rem>kably4 ,if ,pr(essor ,c(f9's !ory 0 correct1 !y %\ld increase z !y approa* ! des]t2 b !y 9 fact1 dim9i%1 & ! ,n4 ,e4 trades are f\nd at ! nor? portion4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,c\rse4 ,july4 ,augu/4 ,c\rse4 ,july4 ,augu/4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,nor?4 #ag #ee ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 #cj #ga ,n4 ,n4 ,e4 #fd #gd ,s4 ,w4 #cc #fc ,n4 ,e4 #aee #adi ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 #ai #dc ,e4 ,n4 ,e4 #ia #ga ,we/4 #ab #be ,ea/4 #hc #fj ,w4 ,n4 ,w4 #ag #ba ,e4 ,s4 ,e4 #be #bf ,n4 ,w4 #ac #bd ,s4 ,e4 #ag #bf ,n4 ,n4 ,w4 #bd #ef ,s4 ,s4 ,e4 #ac #cc ,calm4 #fb #gh ,s\?4 #i #dd ------------------------- ,total #fhd #iai ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,asc5d+ to ! region betwe5 #ae deg4 & #bj deg4 nor? latitude1 & #ae deg4 to #de deg4 we/ longitude1 we get nor? ( ! belt ( ra9s & lose ! monsoons entirely al?\gh /ill bel[ ! des]t2 & f9d ! regul> ,n4 ,e4 trades1 ) less v>iable w9ds ?an are f\nd 9 almo/ any o!r "p ( ! ocean4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,c\rse4 ,july4 ,augu/4 ,c\rse4 ,july4 ,augu/4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,nor?4 #ci #bj ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 #j #e ,n4 ,n4 ,e4 #baj #ahe ,s4 ,w4 #j #e ,n4 ,e4 #aab #hg ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 #h #c ,e4 ,n4 ,e4 #aad #ajd ,we/4 #j #a ,ea/4 #bj #cf ,w4 ,n4 ,w4 #j #d ,e4 ,s4 ,e4 #ba #ag ,n4 ,w4 #c #d ,s4 ,e4 #j #b ,n4 ,n4 ,w4 #c #ca ,s4 ,s4 ,e4 #b #aa ,calm #bj #h ,s\?4 #e #a ------------------------- ,total1 #eeg #ebf ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,asc5d+ /ill fur!r to ! region betwe5 #bj deg4 & #be deg4 nor? latitude1 & #ae deg4 & #de deg4 we/ longitude1 :i* bord]s1 9 "p1 on ! ,s4 ,w4 corn] ( ! des]t1 & we h n1 dur+ ! mon? ( ,augu/1 a s+le w9d betwe5 ,s4 ,s4 ,e4 & ,w4 ,n4 ,w41 :i* bl[s 9 ^u ! l&2 & only twelve in/ances out ( ?ree hundr$ & n9ety-f\r 9 ?is hotte/ mon? 9 ! ye>1 & on ! s\!rn portion ( ! des]t1 :5 ! w9d bl[s on %ore f any qu>t]4 ,?is is demon/ration4 ,! monsoon w9ds are conf9$ to ! ra9y belt2 !y d n rea* ! des]t1 nor does ! des]t attract ! w9ds f ! ocean1 or rev]se1 hold back1 or di/urb ! trades4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,c\rse4 ,july4 ,augu/4 ,c\rse4 ,july4 ,augu/4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,nor?4 #be #bj ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 #c #j ,n4 ,n4 ,e4 #baj #aec ,s4 ,w4 #b #j ,n4 ,e4 #abi #gg ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 #ac #j ,e4 ,n4 ,e4 #aaj #hf ,we/4 #j #j ,ea/4 #h #bj ,w4 ,n4 ,w4 #j #c ,e4 ,s4 ,e4 #d #aa ,n4 ,w4 #b #a ,s4 ,e4 #j #c ,n4 ,n4 ,w4 #e #h ,s4 ,s4 ,e4 #a #g ,calm4 #b #e ,s\?4 #a #j ------------------------- ,total1 #eae #cid ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,asc5d+ once m1 to ! region betwe5 ! degrees ( #be & #cj1 nor? latitude1 & #ae & #de1 we/ longitude1 we f9d x b\nd$ ea/ entirely on ! c5t] ( ! des]t4 ,n[ "h1 c]ta9ly1 !re mu/ be evid5ce ( ! tru? ( ! r>efaction !ory1 if any :]e on ! face ( ! e>?4 ,yet "h1 9 ,july & ,augu/1 we f9d ! trades z regul> z any :]e1 & n m v>iable w9ds ?an are f\nd 9 ! trades t[>d _! nor!rn limits e :]e1 & 9 ,augu/1 only =ty out ( f\r hundr$ & tw5ty-n9e w9ds1 bl[+ directly or indirectly on %ore4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,c\rse4 ,july4 ,augu/4 ,c\rse4 ,july4 ,augu/4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,nor?4 #cb #ai ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 #i #f ,n4 ,n4 ,e4 #aee #abe ,s4 ,w4 #c #i ,n4 ,e4 #add #ce ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 #ac #ad ,e4 ,n4 ,e4 #adj #hi ,we/4 #ab #c ,ea/4 #dh #eg ,w4 ,n4 ,w4 #g #g ,e4 ,s4 ,e4 #ca #bc ,n4 ,w4 #aa #a ,s4 ,e4 #h #g ,n4 ,n4 ,w4 #cf #f ,s4 ,s4 ,e4 #h #ab ,calm4 #ah #ab ,s\?4 #e #d ------------------------- ,total1 #fhj #dbi ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,x w\ld seem to be impossible = any man to believe 9 ! !ory ( r>efaction1 aft] an exam9ation ( ^! tables4 ,pr(essor ,c(f9 discov]s o!r anomalies1 = :i* he f9ds x difficult to acc\nt4 ,among ^! are ! nor!rly t5d5cy1 9 ! aft]noon1 ( ! w9ds 9 ,ohio1 s\? ( ,lake ,erie2 ! w9ds ( s\?-we/]n ,asia1 :i*1 he says1 ,are s irregul> z to defy all attempts to r$uce !m to sy/em2 p>ticul>iz+ ! ,n4 ,w4 at ,j]usalem1 ! we/]ly at ,bagdad1 ! ,n4 ,e4 at ,con/ant9ople1 ! nor!rly at ,trebizond1 etc41 etc4 ,j]usalem has ! ,m$it]ranean at ! ,n4 ,w41 ,bagdad has x at ! we/1 ,con/ant9ople has ! ,black ,sea at ! ,n4 ,e41 ,trebizond ,n4 ,n4 ,w4 & ,n4 ,e41 & ! c\nt]-trade1 z x passes ov] !m1 draws its /orm-surface w9d or sea-breeze1 f ! qu>t] :]e evaporation is greate/1 & ! atmosph]e is mo/ susceptible ( electrical inductive influ5ce4 ,precisely z x draws f ! ocean & ! ea/w>d1 ea/ ( ! ,alleghanies1 f ! lake region1 we/ ( ! lakes1 & f ! nor?w>d1 s\? ( ! lakes1 & f ! we/w>d1 ea/ ( !m4 ,?is law ( attraction w expla91 too1 ! mean preval5ce ( ea/]ly w9ds nor? ( ! p>allel ( #fj deg41 at ! /ations nam$ 9 8 "w4 ,great ,be> ,lake1 ,great ,slave ,lake1 & ,=t ,ent]prise1 lie ea/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 range :i* int]poses betwe5 !m & ! ,pacific1 & h ,hudson's ,bay & o!r l>ge bodies ( wat] on ! ea/ & nor?4 ,h5ce1 ea/]ly w9ds prevail at ^! places4 ,at ,norway ,h\se1 on ,nelson's ,riv]1 ne> ! nor? end ( ,lake ,w9nipeg1 a l>ge body ( wat]1 :i* /ret*es (f to ! s\?1 we f9d ! s\? w9d ! preval5t "o1 especially 9 ,decemb]1 :5 ! nor!rn & nor?-ea/]n wat]s are froz5 up1 & ! ,n4 ,e4 l>gely pres5t at all seasons ( ! ye>4 ,at ,new ,h]nhut1 9 w9t]1 :5 ,davis' ,/raits are cov]$ ) floes1 ! prevail+ w9d is ea/1 drawn f ! w>m1 op5 sea ea/ ( ,gre5l&1 :]e ! ,gulf ,/ream is evaporat+4 ,b 9 ,june & ,july1 :5 evaporation is go+ on ov] ,davis' ,/raits & ,baff9's ,bay1 ! prevail+ w9ds are we/ & s\?1 & ! ea/ w9ds fall (f4 ,o!r /ations are equally in/ructive1 b ,i mu/ =be>4 ,9 relation1 h[ev]1 to ! ea/]ly zone ( w9d1 ( :i* ,pr(essor ,c(f9 speaks1 x %\ld be add$ t ! c\nt]-trade1 s\? ( ! magnetic pole1 9 high latitudes1 pursues an ea/]ly c\rse1 is ne> ! e>?1 & attracts an opposite w9d z x does on ! ea/ & nor? ( ! pole1 9 localities :]e ! surface atmosph]e is n peculi>ly susceptible to its influ5ce1 &1 !re=e1 ! w9ds are ma9ly opposite to its c\rse4 ,?us1 at ,melville ,isl&1 !y are almo/ all we/]ly & nor?-we/]ly1 = !re ! remnant ( ! c\nt]-trade is pass+ we/ ar\nd ! magnetic pole4 ,^! we/]ly & nor?-we/]ly w9ds are v light1 & l ! g5tle ea/]ly breeze :i* sets t[>d ! cumulus cl\ds & summ] %[]s4 ,s9ce mo/ ( ?is "w 0 writt51 ,i h procur$1 & read ) great pleasure1 ,lieut5ant ,maury's ,geography ( ! ,sea4 ,x is a "w ( great int]e/1 & %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( e "o4 ,! ext5t ( gr\nd cov]$1 h[ev]1 made x necess>y = ,lieut5ant ,maury to introduce mu* matt] n d]iv$ f 8 own inve/igations4 ,9 do+ ?is1 he has tak5 receiv$ op9ions1 & has !reby introduc$ mu* h]esy4 ,! view he adopts 9 relation to ! monsoons1 al?\gh ! popul> "o ) philosoph]s1 is ( t "*4 ,he says 7page #bbb73 ,monsoons are1 = ! mo/ "p1 =m$ ( trade-w9ds4 ,:5 a trade-w9d is turn$ back1 or div]t$1 by ov]-heat$ di/ricts1 f its regul> c\rse at /at$ seasons ( ! ye>1 x is reg>d$ z a monsoon4 ,?us1 ! ,african monsoons ( ! ,atlantic1 ! monsoons ( ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 & ! ,c5tral ,am]ican monsoons ( ! ,pacific1 are1 = ! mo/ "p1 =m$ ( ! nor?-ea/ trade-w9ds1 :i* are turn$ back to re/ore ! equilibrium :i* ! ov]-heat$ pla9s ( ,africa1 ,utah1 ,texas1 & ,new ,mexico h di/urb$4 ,:5 ! monsoons prevail = five mon?s at a "t--= x takes ab\t a mon? = !m to *ange & become settl$--!n bo? !y & ! trade-w9ds1 ( :i* !y are =m$1 are call$ monsoons4 ,aga9 7,sec4 #dgf-g73 ,! ag5ts :i* produce monsoons reside on ! l&4 ,^! w9ds are caus$ by ! r>efaction ( ! air ov] l>ge di/ricts ( c\ntry situat$ on ! pol> edge1 or ne> ! pol> edge1 ( ! trade-w9ds4 ,?us1 ! monsoons ( ! ,indian ,ocean are caus$ by ! int5se heat :i* ! rays ( a cl\dless sun produce1 dur+ ! summ] "t1 ^u ! ,des]t ( ,cobi & ! burn+ pla9s ( ,c5tral ,asia4 ,:5 ! sun is nor? ( ! equator1 ! =ce ( 8 rays1 beat+ d[n ^u ^! wide & ?ir/y pla9s1 is su* z to cause ! va/ sup]9cumb5t body ( air to exp& & asc5d4 ,!re is1 consequ5tly1 a ru% ( air1 especially f t[>d ! equator1 to re/ore ! equilibrium2 &1 9 ?is case1 ! =ce :i* t5ds to draw ! nor?-ea/ trade-w9ds back becomes great] ?an ! =ce :i* is act+ to propel !m =w>d4 ,consequ5tly1 !y obey ! /rong] p[]1 turn back1 & become ! fam\s s\?-we/ monsoons ( ! ,indian ,ocean1 :i* bl[ f ,may to ,septemb] inclusive4 ,( c\rse1 ! va/ pla9s ( ,asia are n br\ght up to monsoon heat p] saltum1 or 9 a day4 ,!y require "t bo? to be heat$ up to ?is po9t & to be cool$ d[n aga94 ,h5ce1 !re is a conflict = a few weeks ab\t ! *ange ( ! monsoon1 :5 nei!r ! trade w9d nor ! monsoon =ce has fairly lo/ or ga9$ ! asc5d5cy4 ,?is debatable p]iod am\nts to ab\t a mon? at ea* *ange4 ,s t ! monsoons ( ! ,indian ,ocean prevail really = ab\t five mon?s ea* way1 viz43 f ,may to ,septemb]1 f ! s\?-we/1 9 ob$i5ce to ! influ5ce ( ! ov]-heat$ pla9s1 & f ,novemb] to ,m>* inclusive f ! nor?-ea/1 9 ob$i5ce to ! trade-w9d =ce4 ,:at ! trade-w9d =ce is1 ,lieut5ant ,maury tells u 9 ano!r p>agraph1 viz43 ,calorific action ( ! sun & diurnal rotation ( ! e>?--! receiv$ calorific !ory4 ,i h already %[n1 ,i ?9k1 conclusively1 t !re is no expansion & asc5t 9 ! suppos$ region ( calms1 :i* induces1 or c induce1 ! trades2 & t1 9 po9t ( fact1 ! air on ! l& is cool] "u ! belt ( ra9s4 ,b z ,lieut5ant ,maury1 ^: reputation is national1 adopts ! !ory1 ,i %all be p>don$ = copy+ ! foll[+ table1 %[+ ! diff]5ce ( temp]ature at two cities ( ,india1 be=e1 aft]1 & :ile ! belt ( int]-tropical ra9s is ov] !m4 ,x w be se5 t ! temp]ature is actually less :5 ! belt is !re1 viz41 9 ,july & ,augu/1 ?an 9 ,april & ,may4 ,?is %\ld be conclusive ^u t po9t4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,anj>ak&y4 ,calcutta4 ,mon?s4 --------------------------------------- ,ra94 ,temp4 ,ra94 ,temp4 ---------------------------------------- -------- ,m4 ,m4 ,m4 ,m4 ,janu>y1 #b1bf #bf deg41#e #j1j #ah deg41#d ,febru>y1 #b1bf #bg deg41#g #fg1fh #ba deg41#e ,m>*1 #f1gg #bh deg41#d #bd1hb #be deg41#f ,april1 #bi1cc #bi deg41#h #acj1hd #bh deg41#e ,may1 #age1if #bh deg41#f #af1bd #bi deg41#g ,june1 #gid1je #bf deg41#f #ege1bd #bi deg41#c ,july1 #hjg1ei #be deg41#h #cch1ch #bh1 deg4#a ,augu/1 #egb1ih #bf deg41#j #caa1ca #bh deg41#c ,septemb]1 #caa1ca #bf deg41#d #bed1ia #bh deg41#j ,octob]1 #aeg1ia #bf deg41#h #db1hf #bg deg41#b ,novemb]1 #fe1db #bf deg41#i #bj1cj #bc deg41#j ,decemb]1 #bi1cc #bf deg41#e #j1j #ai deg41#b ---------------------------------------- -------- ,ye>1 #biee1ad #bg deg41#b #aibh1gd #bf deg41#d ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,anj>ak&y is on ! ,malab> coa/1 betwe5 #ab deg4 & #ac deg4 nor? latitude4 ,calcutta 9 an angle ( ! ,bay ( ,b5gal1 at #bb deg4 #cj' nor? latitude4 ,! =m] is 9 & ne> ! focus ( ! monsoons1 & has a temp]ature 9 ,july 7:5 #ah in*es ( ra9 fall71 ab\t z l[ z 9 ,decemb]4 ,9 ! =ego+ table f ,kaemptz1 ! ra9 is 9 millimetres1 ab\t tw5ty-five ( :i* make an in*1 & ! temp]ature is c5tigrade1 :i* may be rais$ to ,fahr5heit by add+ f\r fif?s ( ! quantity & also #cb deg4--?us1 if ! height ( ! c5tigrade !rmomet] be #be deg41 add to ?is f\r fif?s ( #be deg41 :i* is #bj deg41 & also #cb deg41 ! result is #gg deg44 ,tw5ty-five c5tigrade is !re=e equal to sev5ty-sev5 ,fahr5heit4 ,lieut5ant ,maury is n1 & %\ld n be a !ori/4 ,he occupies ! position1 9 "s sort1 ( a national inve/igator1 &1 ( c\rse1 ( national in/ructor4 ,op9ions :i* emanate f him1 or :i* are endors$ by him1 %\ld be accurate4 ,soon] or lat] t :i* he has adopt$ 9 relation to ! monsoons1 & "s o!rs1 mu/ be ab&on$4 ,9 addition to :at has already be5 said1 ,i wi% to call 81 & ! read]'s att5tion1 to sev]al o!r facts & consid]ations 9 relation to ! monsoons1 & p>ticul>ly ^? ( ,india4 #a/4 ,! des]ts ( ,cobi & ,bu*>ia1 :i* con/itute ! burn+ pla9s ( ,c5tral ,asia1 nor?-ea/ ( ! ,indian ,ocean1 lie betwe5 #ch deg4 & #de deg4 ( nor? latitude1 & "u ! zone ( extra-tropical ra9s4 ,!y are n :olly ra9less4 ,!y p>take ( t sal9e "* :i* affects s mu* ( ,asia & ! we/]n "p ( ?is cont95t4 ,s\? ( !m1 runn+ ne>ly ea/ & we/1 are ! l(ty ranges ( ! ,himmalaya & ,ku5lun ,m\nta9s1 & ! table l&s ( ,?ibet4 ,to _! sal9e "*1 9 "p1 b ma9ly to ! int]position ( ^! m\nta9 ranges1 depriv+ ! c\nt]-trade ( moi/ure1 !y owe _! comp>ative /]ility4 ,if b\ntifully suppli$ ) ra9s1 ?is salt w\ld d\btless ere ?is h be5 wa%$ to ! ocean1 z x has be5 f o!r c\ntries1 once z salt z !y4 ,b !y h "s ra91 & m or less vegetation1 & are n int5sely hot4 ,!y lie too f> nor?1 & are too elevat$4 ,_! temp]ature is n mat]ially diff]5t f t ( ! we/]n1 & comp>atively des]t portions ( our own c\ntry1 & !y are utt]ly incapable ( creat+ a monsoon at ! ,indian ,ocean1 & especially f ! long l9e ( ,malab> coa/1 :]e ! s\?-we/ monsoons are f\nd 9 mo/ /r5g?4 ,! /]ile portions ( ,utah1 ,new ,mexico1 & ,texas are alike incapable ( su* effect ^u ! atmosph]e ( ,c5tral ,am]ica & ,mexico4 ,^! monsoons comm5ce 9 ,may1 & prevail until ,octob]1 & ! temp]ature ( ! air :]e !y bl[ ranges ) consid]able regul>ity betwe5 #gf deg4 at night1 & #hd deg4 at mid-day1 on ! ,malab> coa/1 & a trifle l[] 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,at ,=t ,fillmore1 ,el ,paso1 ,new ,mexico1 9 latitude #cb deg4#jc1 ! mean temp]ature = ,may is #fh deg4 ,june #gh deg41 #e' ,july #hj deg41 #a' ,augu/ #hc deg41 #h' ,septemb] #gg deg41 #i' ------- ,& = ! :ole p]iod1 #gg deg41 #a' ,at ,santa ,fe1 ,new ,mexico1 ! mean = ,may is #ff deg41 #i' ,june #gb deg41 #e' ,july #ge deg41 #c' ,augu/ #gb deg41 #i' ,septemb] #fb deg41 #c' ------- ,& = ! :ole p]iod1 #fi deg41 #c' ,mean ( ! two unit$1 #gc deg41 #b' ,! mean ( ,we/]n ,texas is ab\t #b deg4 high] ?an at ,=t ,fillmore1 & ( ,utah n mat]ially diff]5t2 & ! mean ( ,c5tral ,asia betwe5 #ch deg4 & #de deg4 does n mat]ially v>y f !m4 ,n[1 x is p]fectly evid5t t dur+ ,may & ,septemb] ! temp]ature ( ,c5tral ,asia is f> bel[ t ( ! ,indian ,ocean & ,india1 & nev] mat]ially exce$s x4 ,c5tral ,asia is hot1 burn+1 if y please1 comp>$ ) m elevat$1 f]tile1 or bett] wat]$ t]ritory 9 ! same latitude1 & s x has be5 *>act]iz$2 b n s1 comp>$ ) ! ,indian ,ocean1 or ,india1 :]e ! sun is v]tical4 ,dur+ ! great] "p ( ! "t1 !re=e1 t ! monsoons are 9 full bla/1 ,utah1 ,texas1 & ,new ,mexico1 & ,cobi1 & ! burn+ pla9s ( ,asia1 are f #e deg4 to #aj deg4 cold] ?an ! temp]ature ( ! place :]e ! monsoons are bl[+4 ,w\ld n su* a fact be p]fectly conclusive 9 any o!r sci5ce except !ory-swa!d meteorology8 #b;d4 ,! !ory assumes t ! heat$ air has an asc5sive =ce1 :i* causes x to rise & create a vacuum1 & ?is vacuum1 by its suction1 draws 9 ! adjo9+ air1 :i* imm$iately asc5ds4 ,! adjo9+ air1 drawn away f its locality1 leaves a vacuum1 & t is fill$ by ano!r ru% f ! ,s4 ,w41 & s on1 till ! ,indian ,ocean is rea*$1 & ! monsoons are acc\nt$ =4 ,n[1 look at ! difficulties3 ,! highe/ temp]ature t c be assum$ = ! air ov] ,cobi1 at any "t1 )\t disreg>d+ facts & analogy1 is #ajj deg44 ,:at is ! asc5sive p[] ( an area ( atmosph]e ( #ajj deg48 ,= ?is we h no problem or =mula1 al?\gh problems & =mulas ab\nd 9 ! sci5ce4 ,pr(essor ,espy reli$ on heat$ air only to give ! /orm a />t4 ,8 ma9 reliance 0 on ! lat5t heat suppos$ to be giv5 out dur+ cond5sation1 = 8 asc5sive /orm p[]4 ,b ov] ^! burn+ pla9s !re is1 accord+ to ! !ory1 no /orm or cl\d1 or cond5sation on :i* t suppos$ reliance = expansion c be plac$4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! asc5sion =ce ( air at #ajj deg48 ,we ought to "k1 = we sometimes h x z high1 or )9 two or ?ree degrees z high1 9 all ! ea/]n & middle ,/ates4 ,! monsoons bl[ at f tw5ty to tw5ty-five miles an h\r1 & sometimes m4 ,is t ! asc5sive =ce ( air at #ajj deg48 ,at #be miles an h\r x w\ld be #b1bjj feet2 at #bj miles1 #a1gfj feet2 & at #aj miles1 #hhj feet p] m9ute4 ,does any man believe t ei!r curr5t exi/s8 ,:y1 !n1 d we n h our hats tak5 (f1 or light objects c>ri$ up1 or h a monsoon1 or1 at lea/1 h ! cl\ds runn+ up1 :5 we h su* elevat$ temp]atures4 ,no?+ ( ! k9d occurs ) u4 ,our hotte/ days are comp>atively /ill days2 & ,i h se5 ! cumulus sail+ g5tly to ! ea/1 horizontally1 :5 ! air 0 at #ih deg44 ,:y %\ld we be exempt8 ,is n our air ! same & our heat ! same8 ,aga91 suppose we grant t ! asc5sive =ce is equal to #bj or ev5 #aj miles an h\r1 w n ! adjo9+ air hold back some:at to avoid leav+ beh9d an entire vacuum8 or1 w x all volunt>ily ru% 91 & leave a new complete vacuum8 &1 if s1 :y ! pref]5ce ( vacuums by ! air1 & :51 :]e1 & :y1 %\ld ! successive vacuums /op8 ,nay1 w\ld n gravity fill ! second vacuum f above1 r ?an f ! s\?-we/ side8 & w n ! air incl9e to ru% 91 to "s or all ^! successive vacuums1 f "s o!r side ?an s\?-we/8 or1 h ^! des]ts ! p[] ( select+ ! qu>t] f :i* _! vacuum %all be fill$1 & ( delegat+ x to succe$+ vacuums8 ,w\ld x n incl9e to ru% 9 f ! ea/ & we/ :]e !re are no elevations1 r ?an f ! ,s4 ,w4 & ov] ! ,ku5lun ,m\nta9s1 ! int]v5+ ridges & valleys ( ,?ibet1 ! l(ty ,himmalayas1 ! ext5t ( ,india1 & ! ,ghaut ,m\nta9s1 f ?ree to f\r ?\s& feet high1 on its ea/]n coa/8 ,w\ld x n1 at lea/1 leak 9 a little1 & less5 ! =ce ) :i* ! vacuums w\ld draw f ! f>-(f ,indian ,ocean1 s t ! monsoon c\ld n bl[ ) equal =ce8 or1 if ,cobi & its fell[ des]ts mu/ & c draw f an ocean1 :y n f ! head ( ! ,arabian ,sea1 or ,bay ( ,b5gal1 or ! ,*9a ,sea1 :i* are ne>]1 or f ! ,japan ,sea1 :i* is /ill ne>]1 or ! ,yell[ ,sea1 :i* is close by8 ,:y draw only f "u ! c5tral belt ( ra9s8 ,nay1 :at %all be done ) ,pr(essor ,dove8 ,9 a rec5t article1 republi%$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce & ,art1 = ,janu>y1 #ahee1 he says3 ,a greatly dim9i%$ atmosph]ic pressure tak+ place 9 summ] ov] ! :ole cont95t ( ,asia mu/ produce an influx f all surr\nd+ p>ts2 & ?us we h we/ w9ds 9 ,europe1 nor? w9ds 9 ! ,icy ,sea1 ea/ w9ds on ! ea/ coa/ ( ,asia1 & s\? w9ds 9 ,india4 ,! monsoon itself becomes1 z we see1 9 ?is po9t ( view1 only a second>y ph5om5a4 ,?is looks v l antagonism4 ,:o %all we believe8 ,aga91 suppose y get "o atmosph]e f ! :ole area1 rais$ up by ! suppos$ asc5sive =ce1 & at ! rate ( tw5ty-five1 tw5ty1 or ev5 t5 miles an h\r1 & a new volume drawn 9 f ! s\?-we/1 & ov] ! m\nta9s3 w x n take a little "t = t to heat up8 ,does x heat s fa/ z to keep up ! asc5sive =ce )\t int]mission1 at tw5ty-five1 or tw5ty1 or t5 miles ! h\r8 ,:at says ,mr4 ,ericsson to ?is8 ,c he n arrange ) a mod]ate l5s1 to move 8 eng9e ) ! rays ( ! summ] sun8 ,nay1 ,lieut5ant ,maury says !y c n heat up p] saltum1 or 9 a day4 ,b accord+ to a reasonable calculation1 !y mu/ heat up ! air f #hj deg41 or less1 to #ajj deg41 at ! rate ( #b1jjj feet p] m9ute4 ,heat+ #b1jjj feet 9 dep?1 9 ! proportion ( #bj deg4 p] m9ute1 night & day1 = five mon?s1 is p] saltum 9 a m9ute1 & #a1ddj saltums p] day6 ,& fur!r /ill1 ! ,indian ,ocean1 f :i* ! monsoons are drawn to ,cobi & ,c5tral ,asia to ! ,n4 ,e41 is dur+ ^? mon?s cov]$ by ! belt ( calms & ra9s1 z h]et(ore /at$2 & ! ,s4 ,e4 trades bl[+ into x are attribut$ to ! suction creat$ by ! asc5t ( heat$ air !re4 ,s1 !n1 ! monsoons are bl[+ away f "u ! ra9y belt1 f #ejj to #ajjj miles1 to ,cobi & ! burn+ pla9s ( ,asia1 :ile ! asc5sive =ce ( t belt is su* z to draw ! ,s4 ,e4 trades t[>d ! v spot1 a di/ance ( #a1bjj or #a1ejj miles1 at #bj miles an h\r6 ,:at mu/ ! asc5sive =ce ov] ,cobi1 etc41 be1 if1 z a /rong] p[]1 x c ov]come an asc5sive =ce ov] ! ,indian ,ocean suffici5t to draw ! ,s4 ,e4 trades #a1ejj miles1 at #bj miles an h\r2 &1 9 addition to ! =ce necess>y to resi/ ?is c5tral suction1 n only /op or hold back ! ,n4 ,e4 trade1 b rev]se x & draw x back1 at #bj miles an h\r1 z a monsoon8 ,mu/ x n be1 at lea/1 d\ble t ( ! belt ( calms1 or ! great region ( expansion1 z ,pr(essor ,dove calls x8 ,n[1 ,i am irresi/ibly tempt$ to ask :e!r a meteorological !ory c be too absurd = cr$5ce1 & :e!r x w\ld n be z well to end[ ! des]ts ) ribs & lungs1 & a proboscis long en\gh to rea* ! ,indian ,ocean1 & ! necess>y p[] ( inspiration & expiration8 ,su* a !ory w\ld avoid all difficulties1 conflict ) no m analogies1 &1 9 my judgm5t1 be z mu* entitl$ to cr$it z ! "o to :i* meteorologi/s adh]e4 #c;d4 ,nor? ( ! ,malab> coa/1 9 ! nor?-we/ ( ,india1 lies an ext5sive des]t4 ,we/ ( t is ,beloo*i/an1 ) its ra9less des]ts4 ,fur!r we/ are ! ra9less des]ts ( ,arabia1 & ^! ?ree1 includ+ ! ,p]sian des]ts fur!r nor?1 cov] z mu* surface z ! des]ts ( ,cobi & ,bu*>ia--h ! sun v]tical 9 "p1 & ne>ly s ov] ! entire surface--are m int5sely hot1 & lie )9 "o ?ird ( ! di/ance :i* int]v5es betwe5 t des]t & ! ,indian ,ocean (f ! ,malab> coa/1 ) an op5 sea & no m\nta9s betwe54 ,n[1 look at x4 ,! nor?-we/ des]t ( ,india1 & ! ra9less des]ts ( ,beloo*i/an & ,arabia rev]se no trade & h no monsoon1 al?\gh ! ,arabian ,sea heads "r up among !m4 ,!y d n attract "o f ! ,indian ,ocean (f ! ,malab> coa/1 al?\gh n m ?an "o ?ird ( ! di/ance (f1 & )\t su* m\nta9s & table l&s int]v5+ z sep>ate t coa/ f ,cobi4 ,x is said by ,lieut5ant ,maury t ! monsoons1 obey ! /rong] =ce4 ,b :i* is ! /rong] =ce8 ,cobi1 n :olly ra9less1 ly+ nor? ( #ce deg41 "u ! zone ( extra-tropical ra9s1 ) ,india & ! ,ghauts1 ! ,himmalaya ,m\nta9s1 ! table l&s ( ,?ibet1 & ! ,ku5lun ,m\nta9s betwe58 or ! des]ts ( ,india1 ,beloo*i/an1 & ,arabia1 :olly ra9less1 & int5sely hot1 ne> by1 & 9 op5 view4 ,!re c be b "o answ] to ?is "q4 ,no?+ 9 ! way ( des]t b>r5ness1 or elevat$ temp]ature1 unless x be ^? ( ,sah>a1 c exce$ ! des]ts ab\t ! head ( ! ,arabian ,sea & ,p]sian ,gulf4 ,c]ta9ly ^? ( ,cobi c n comp>e ) !m2 yet ! trades bl[ /eadily ov] !m1 al?\gh m nor!rly !re1 z e :]e1 ne> _! nor!rn limits1 especially on l&4 ,says ,hopk9s1 9 8 atmosph]ic *anges3 ,if any "o "p ( ! broad expanse ( ! cont95t ( ,asia c\ld be heat$ s z to draw air f ! ,arabian ,sea & ! ,indian ,ocean dur+ ! summ]1 x w\ld be t "p :i* lies betwe5 ,h9doo/an & ! ,lake ( ,aral1 includ+ ! region betwe5 ! ,valley ( ! ,oxus & ,p]sia1 & ! l& ( ?is "p1 unlike ,h9doo/an1 is n scre5$ f ! sun by ?ick vapors4 ,b :at says ,burnes respect+ ! w9ds ( ?is "p8 ,:y1 t ab\t ! latt] end ( ,june1 ?\gh ! !rmomet] 0 at #ajc deg4 9 ! day1 ',9 ?is c\ntry a /eady w9d g5]ally bl[s f ! nor?4' ,& on ! #bc;d ( ,augu/1 aft] hav+ pass$ ! ,oxus--',! heat ( ! s& rose to #aej deg41 & t ( ! atmosph]e exce$$ #ajj deg41 b ! w9d blew /eadily1 nor d ,i believe t x w\ld be possible to trav]se ?is tract 9 summ] if x ceas$ to bl[4 ,! /eady mann] 9 :i* x comes f "o direction is rem>kable 9 ?is inl& c\ntry4' ,aga9--',! air itself 0 n di/urb$ b by ! usual nor? w9d t bl[s /eadily 9 ?is des]t4' ,& he has _m o!r simil> passages4 ,"h !re is a va/ tract ( c\ntry s\? ( #ce deg4 :i* has a temp]ature (t5 ( #ajc deg41 & does n rev]se ! trade & create a monsoon4 ,h[ utt]ly unphilosophical1 !n1 to attribute ! monsoons to ,cobi because !y obey ! /rong] =ce6 or to attribute !m to x at all4 #d?4 ,! monsoons c n be trac$ f ! ,malab> coa/ to ,cobi4 ,!y d n exi/ on ! s\?-we/ ( ,cobi & ne> x1 :]e !y %\ld 9 greate/ =ce1 & !re is no connection1 9 fact1 %[n betwe5 !m4 ,!y d n (t5 ext5d m ?an tw5ty-five miles inl&1 or to ! ea/ ( ! ,ghauts4 ,!re are no correspond+ int]v5+ monsoons cross+ ,india to ! m\nta9s--none ov] ! m\nta9s & table l&s--none "u ! nor!rn lee ( ! m\nta9s--nor1 9 %ort1 on ! :ole track1 nor any ,s4 ,w4 w9ds except su* z naturally belong to ! action ( ! curv+ c\nt]-trade4 ,f9ally1 ! inve/igations ( ,commodore ,wilkes on ,mauna ,loa1 a m\nta9 ^u ,hawaii1 m ?an #ac1jjj feet high1 & ! obs]vations ( ,pr(essor ,wise & o!r a]onauts are suffici5t to put ?is :ole matt] ( heat$ l&s & asc5t ( ! atmosph]e z ! cause ( w9ds1 at re/4 ,commodore ,wilkes 0 encamp$ = ab\t tw5ty days on ,p5dulum ,peak1 9 ,decemb] & ,janu>y #ahdj4 ,al?\gh n up to ! elevation ( ! c\nt]-trade 9 t latitude1 he 0 above ! local cl\ds :i* =m ov] ! isl& dur+ ! day1 :]e ! sea breezes bl[ 9 ) z great /r5g? z any :]e4 ,inde$1 he 0 on ! top ( ! l(ty conical m\nta9 to :i* ,caleb ,williams alludes 9 ! lett] to ,pr(essor ,espy ,i h quot$1 & above ! spot :]e ,pr(essor ,espy assum$ t ! cl\ds 7 ris+ ) su* =ce z to induce ! /rong sea breezes ( t isl&4 ,dur+ ?is "t !re 7 two sn[-/orms on ,mauna ,loa1 & !y _h ! w9d f ! ,s4 ,w4 dur+ ! /orm1 z might be expect$1 look+ at ! situation ( ! m\nta9 on ! we/]n side ( ! isl&4 ,^! /orms mov$ to ! ,n4 ,w41 & 7 obs]v$ at ! o!r isl&s 9 t direction z ra94 ,! local cl\ds lay ov] ! isl& e day1 z !y d ov] active volcanic isl&s :i* are v elevat$1 al?\gh x 0 ! dry season4 ,no?+ l an asc5t ( ! cl\ds or ( ! curr5ts ( air f ! ocean 0 obs]v$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! cl\ds =m$ be=e ! sea breezes set 91 & ! latt] blew f ! diff]5t sides ( ! isl& 9 "u ! cl\ds1 & outw>d aga91 probably on ! opposite side4 ,! :ole int]ior ( ! isl& is elevat$1 & its temp]ature l[2 & !re 0 no elevation ( temp]ature on ! high portions ( ! isl& ov] :i* ! cl\ds =m$1 & t[>d :i* ! w9ds blew1 :i* c\ld create an upw>d curr5t4 ,dur+ our /ay on ! summit1 we took mu* pleasure & int]e/ 9 wat*+ ! v>i\s movem5ts ( ! cl\ds2 ?is day 9 p>ticul>1 !y attract$ our att5tion2 ! :ole isl& b5ea? u 0 cov]$ ) a d5se :ite mass1 9 ! c5t] ( :i* 0 ! cl\d ( ! volcano ris+ l an imm5se dome4 ,all 0 motionless until ! h\r arriv$ :5 ! sea-breeze set 9 f ! diff]5t sides ( ! isl&2 a motion 0 !n se5 9 ! cl\ds1 at ! opposite extremities1 bo? ( :i* seem$ app>5tly mov+ t[>d ! same c5t]1 9 undulations1 until !y became q compact1 & s contract$ 9 space z to enable u to see a well def9$ horizon2 at ! same "t !re 0 a w9d f ! m\nta91 at "r angles1 t 0 affect+ ! mass1 & draw+ x asund] 9 ! opposite direction4 ,! play ( ^! masses 0 at times 9 circul> orbits1 z !y became influ5c$ alt]nately by ! diff]5t =ces1 until ! :ole 0 pass+ to & f ! c5t] 9 e direction1 assum+ e v>iety ( =m1 %ape & motion4 ,on o!r days cl\ds w\ld approa* u f ! ,s4 ,w4 :5 we _h a /rong ,n4 ,e4 trade-w9d bl[+1 com+ up ) cumulus front1 rea*+ ! height ( ab\t eight ?\s& feet1 spread+ horizontally1 & !n dissipat+4 ,at times !y w\ld be se5 ly+ ov] ! isl& 9 l>ge horizontal %eets z :ite z ! pure/ sn[1 ) a sky above ( ! deepe/ azure blue t fancy c depict4 ,i saw no?+ 9 x approa*+ to blackness at any "t4 7,explor+ ,exp$ition1 vol iv4 p4 #aee74 ,"h1 9 ! la/ p>agraph1 we h ! :ole tru? disclos$4 ,! ,n4 ,e4 trade 0 bl[+ on ,mauna ,loa1 #ac1jjj feet above ! sea1 & ! sea-breeze blew 9 on ! leew>d side1 its moi/ure cond5s+ ov] ! volcanic isl&1 b )\t ris+ up ! m\nta91 or ?r\gh ! surface-trade1 or above #h1jjj feet4 ,s1 too1 ! celebrat$ a]onaut1 ,mr4 ,wise1 9 ! c\rse ( m ?an a hundr$ asc5sions1 "s dur+ high w9d1 & o!rs dur+ ra9 /orms1 nev] met ) an asc5d+ curr5t1 except 9 a s+le in/ance1 9 ! body ( a hail-cl\d1 & !n !re 7 desc5d+ curr5ts also1 ! usual inte/9e motion ( hail-cl\d ) its opposite pol>ities4 ,i copy a description ( 8 passage ?r\gh ! cl\ds ( a ra9-/orm1 & 8 float+ a long p]iod above !m2 & !re 0 no asc5d+ curr5t :i* di/urb$ _! horizontal repose or progression4 ,! d\ble lay] is n uncommon--cond5sation tak+ place at ! connection ( ! upp] & l[] portions ( ! trades1 ) ! surr\nd+ atmosph]e2 or 9 ! trade1 & by induction 9 ! surface atmosph]e at ! same "t4 ,su* in/ances are frequ5tly visible1 & if 8 asc5sions _h be5 und]tak5 at o!r times 9 /ormy wea!r he w\ld h se5 m ( !m4 ,be=e ,i pass$ ! limits ( ! bor\gh1 a p>a*ute1 conta9+ an animal1 0 dropp$1 :i* desc5d$ fa/ & /eady1 &1 j z x rea*$ ! e>?1 my a]ial %ip ent]$ a d5se black body ( cl\ds4 ,t5 m9utes 7 consum$ 9 p5etrat+ ?is dismal ocean ( ra9y vapor1 occasionally meet+ ) great *asms1 rav9es1 & defiles1 ( diff]5t %ades ( light & d>kness4 ,:5 ,i em]g$ f ?is ocean ( cl\ds1 a new & wond]fully magnific5t sc5e greet$ my eyes4 ,a fa9t sun%9e %$ its w>m? & lu/] ov] ! surface ( ?is va/ cl\d sea4 ,! balloon rose m rapidly aft] x got above x4 ,view+ x f an elevation above ! surface1 ,i discov]$ x to pres5t ! same %ape ( ! e>? b5ea?1 develop+ m\nta9s & valleys1 correspond+ to ^? on ! e>?'s surface4 ,! pr(ile ( ! cl\d-surface 0 m depress$ ?an t on ! e>?1 &1 9 ! di/ance ( ! cl\d-valley a magnific5t sight pres5t$ itself4 ,pyramids & ca/les1 rocks & reefs1 iceb]gs & %ips1 t[]s & domes--e ?+ belong+ to ! gr& & magnific5t c\ld be se5 9 ?is di/ant h>bor2 ! half-obscur$ sun %$d+ 8 mell[ light ^u x1 gave x a ri* & dazzl+ lu/]4 ,!y 7 really ca/les 9 ! air1 =m$ ( ! cl\ds4 ,ca/+ my eyes upw>d1 ,i 0 a/oni%$ 9 behold+ ano!r cl\d-/ratum1 f> above ! l[] "o2 x 0 :at is commonly t]m$ a mack]el sky1 ! sun fa9tly %9+ ?r\gh x4 ,! balloon seem$ to be /ation>y2 ! cl\ds above & bel[ appe>$ to be quiesc5t2 ! air ca/les1 9 ! di/ance1 /ood to _! places2 sil5ce reign$ supreme2 x 0 solemnly sublime4 ,solit>y & alone 9 a mansion ( ! skies1 my v s\l swell$ ) emotion2 ,i _h no companion to p\r out my feel+s to4 ,great ,god1 :at a sc5e ( gr&eur6 ,su* 7 my ?\ghts2 a rev]5ce = ! works ( nature1 an admiration indescribable4 ,! solemn gr&eur--! v /illness t surr\nd$ me--seem$ to make a s\nd ( praise4 ,?is 0 a sc5e su* t ,i nev] beheld "o be=e or aft] exactly l x4 ,two p]fect lay]s ( cl\ds1 "o n a mile above ! e>?2 ! o!r1 ab\t a mile high]2 &1 betwe5 ! two1 a cle> atmosph]e1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* ! balloon /ood quietly 9 space4 ,x 01 inde$1 a /range sight--a meteorological fact1 :i* we _c possibly see or make ourselves acqua9t$ )1 )\t so>+ above ! surface ( ! e>?4 7,hi/ory & ,practice ( ,a]onautics1 p4 #bji74 ,?is is graphic4 ,p]haps 9 relation to ! con=mity ( ! upp] surface ( ! inf]ior lay] ( cl\ds1 to ! irregul>ities ( ! e>?'s surface1 he 0 misl$ dur+ ! en?usiasm ( ! mom5t4 ,he is c]ta9ly mi/ak5 z to ! possibility ( obs]v+ ^! d\ble lay]s f ! e>?2 ,i h se5 !m 9 hundr$s ( in/ances4 ,b 9 relation to ! quiesc5ce ( ! cl\ds = an h\r1 & ! entire abs5ce ( asc5d+ curr5ts1 he c\ld n be mi/ak54 ,& n[1 9 ! abs5ce ( all direct pro( to su/a9 ! hypo!sis1 t ! heat+ ( ! l& produces asc5d+ curr5ts1 & !reby ! w9ds1 & especially ! monsoons1 & 9 view ( all ! adv]se evid5ce1 ,i put x to ,lieut5ant ,maury1 & e s9c]e se>*] aft] meteorological tru?1 :e!r ! !ory %\ld n be ab&on$4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,! c\nt]-trade ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e ranges at diff]5t heights 9 diff]5t latitudes1 9 ! same latitude at diff]5t seasons1 & also ^u diff]5t days ( ! same season2 &1 l ! l9e ( p]petual sn[1 has its greate/ elevation 9 ! tropics1 desc5d+ gradually to ! surface ( ! ocean at ! poles4 ,at ! nor!rn limit ( ! ,n4 ,e4 trades1 x does n1 ord9>ily1 approa* ! e>? suffici5tly ne> = decid$ reciprocal action4 ,h5ce1 at t po9t1 /orms d n (t5 orig9ate2 ! w9ds are light] & m v>iable1 & calms are m frequ5t ?an at any po9t1 except at ! meet+ & elevation ( ! trades1 or 9 ! pol> regions4 ,d\btless ?is /ate ( ?+s is increas$ by ! feebl] action ( nor? pol> magnetism1 & ! irregul> action ( ! longitud9al magnetic curr5ts1 ev9c$ by ! irregul>1 & (t51 feeble action ( ! trades1 ne> _! extreme limits4 ,!y are n unfrequ5tly :olly want+1 ne> ! nor!rn limit1 = sev]al days 9 succession1 & calms & baffl+ w9ds are f\nd 9 _! place--ano!r effect ( ! irregul> action ( t]re/rial magnetism1 consequ5t ^u ! ev]-*ang+ transit ( c5tral activity f s\? to nor?1 & f nor? to s\?4 ,^u ! isl&s1 h[ev]1 & cont95ts1 :i* h elevat$ m\nta9 peaks & ridges1 especially if ( volcanic orig9 & activity1 :i* approa* m ne>ly ! pa? ( ! c\nt]-trade1 a diff]5t /ate ( ?+s exi/s4 ,!re1 %[]s & gu/s are frequ5t4 ,?us1 ^u ! ,s&wi* ,isl&1 ,kauai1 ! mo/ nor!rn "o1 :i* is )9 ! region ( ! ,n4 ,e4 trade dur+ t5 mon?s ( ! ye>1 & ^u its volcanic peaks & elevat$ table-l&s1 & nor?-ea/]ly f !m1 ov] ! di/rict ( ,waioli1 ra9 falls 9 abundance dur+ ! ye>1 :ile ! coa/l9es ^u o!r portions ( ! isl& c n be cultivat$ )\t irrigation4 7,see ,wilkes' ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 vol4 iv4 pp4 #fa & #ga2 & ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce & ,art1 = ,may1 #ahdg74 ,a l /ate ( ?+s1 9 degree1 may be f\nd ^u ! ,can>ies1 & ! m elevat$ ( ! ,we/ ,india ,isl&s4 ,! ,cape de ,v]des are an exception1 & ! ,*ri/ian _w are q (t5 call$ ^u = contributions ( provisions1 to save ! inhabitants ( ^! isl&s f />vation4 ,!y lie at ! nor!rn limit ( ! equatorial belt1 & = a p]iod ( two mon?s only 7,july & ,augu/71 are suppli$ ) ra94 ,if1 f any cause1 ! belt does n move z f> nor? z usual dur+ any season1 unbrok5 dr\ght & fam9e are sure to ov]take !m4 ,! isl&s conta9 "s elevat$ peaks1 & are ( volcanic orig91 b n ( pres5t volcanic activity1 & ! c\nt]-trades z !y issue f ! equatorial belt at _! highe/ elevation1 are too f> above !m = reciprocal1 influ5tial action4 ,if ! isl&s c\ld be plac$ #aj deg4 fur!r nor?1 we %\ld he> no m ( dr\ght or fam9e f !m1 & _! quantity ( ra9 & f]tility w\ld be n only m p]man5t1 b mu* increas$4 ,sup]add$ to ?is1 is ! fact1 t at t po9t ! belt ( ra9s precipitates feebly because ! ,s4 ,e4 trade orig9ates ^u ! s\!rn "p ( ! cont95t ( ,africa1 & ! ,n4 ,e4 ma9ly1 ^u ! des]t & ! ,b>b>y ,/ates--& bo? are sp>+ly suppli$ ) moi/ure4 ,! same /ate ( ?+s is /rik+ly obvi\s ^u cont95ts :]ev] ! m\nta9s are suffici5tly elevat$1 ev5 )9 ! trade-w9d region4 ,?us1 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 ! ,&ean ranges are ( great elevation1 & spurs & table-l&s ext5d f !m a consid]able di/ance to ! ea/w>d4 ,!re1 ! ,s4 ,e4 & ,n4 ,e4 trades ( ! ,atlantic meet 9 v consid]able volumes1 & n only is ! equatorial belt mu* wid] ?an ^u ! ,atlantic & ,pacific1 b ! c\nt]-trades are met ^u ! elevat$ peaks & m\nta9-ranges1 & %[]s & /orms on _! ea/]n slopes & summits are frequ5t dur+ ! dry season--d[n ev5 to ! extra-tropical belt4 ,i h already said t x 0 probable t ! great elevation ( ! ,&es div]t$ & turn$ s\? a portion ( ! ,n4 ,e4 c\nt]-trade :i* w\ld o!rwise pass ov] ! we/]n coa/ ( ,p]u4 ,! report ( ,lieut5ant ,h]ndon1 :i* has come to my notice s9ce t 0 writt51 /ates facts :i* /rongly corroborate t op9ion4 ,x seems t ! trades & c\nt]-trades actually bank up1 9 _! passage to ! we/w>d1 aga9/ ^? m\nta9s1 & ! true elevation ( _! ea/]n slopes c n be b>ometrically asc]ta9$4 7,see report ( ! ,exploration ( ! ,amazon1 p4 #bfa74 ,lieut5ant ,h]ndon says3 ,i 0 surpris$ to f9d ! temp]ature ( boil+ wat] at ,egas to be b #bjh deg4 #b'1 ! same )9 #b' ( a degree t x 0 at a po9t "o day's j\rney bel[ ,t+o ,m>ia1 :i* village is sev]al hundr$ miles above ! la/ rapids ( ! ,huallaga riv]2 at ,santa ,cruz1 two days above ! m\? ( ! ,huallaga1 x 0 #baa deg4 #b'2 at ,nauta1 ?ree hundr$ & five miles bel[ ?is1 x 0 #baa deg4 #c'2 at ,pebas1 "o hundr$ & sev5ty miles bel[ ,nauta1 #baa deg4 #a'4 ,i 0 s mu* surpris$ at ^! results t ,i _h put ! app>atus away1 ?9k+ t its indications 7 valueless2 b ,i 0 /ill m surpris$1 ^u mak+ ! exp]im5t at ,egas1 to f9d t ! temp]ature ( ! boil+ wat] _h fall5 #c deg4 bel[ :at x 0 at ,santa ,cruz1 ?us giv+ to ,egas an altitude ( fifte5 hundr$ feet above t village1 :i* is situat$ m ?an a ?\s& miles up /ream ( x4 ,i cont9u$ my obs]vations f ,egas d[nw>d1 & f\nd a regul> increase 9 ! temp]ature ( ! boil+ wat] until our arrival at ,p>a1 :]e x 0 #baa deg4 #e'4 ,f an aft]-inve/igation1 ,i am l$ to believe t ! cause ( ?is ph5om5on arises f ! fact t ! trade-w9ds are damm$ up by ! ,&es1 & t ! atmosph]e 9 ^? p>ts is1 f ?is cause1 compress$1 &1 consequ5tly1 heavi] ?an x is fur!r f ! m\nta9s1 ?\gh ov] a less elevat$ portion ( ! e>?4 ,! discov]y ( ?is fact has l$ me to place little reliance 9 ! indications ( ! b>omet] = elevation1 at ! ea/]n foot ( ! ,&es4 ,x is reasonable1 h[ev]1 to suppose t ?is cause w\ld no long] op]ate at ,egas1 ne>ly "o ?\s& miles bel[ ! m\? ( ! ,huallaga4 ,! report ( ,lieut5ant ,gibbon1 is also exce$+ly in/ructive4 ,sep>at+ f ,lieut5ant ,h]ndon at ,t>ma1 ^u ! ,&es1 he pursu$ a s\!rn c\rse1 along ! ea/]n slopes ( ! *a9 f #aa deg4 #cj' s\?1 almo/ to #ah deg4 s\?1 at ,ohuro1 mak+ a j\rney ( ab\t #g deg4 #cj' ( latitude4 ,a consid]able portion ( ?is j\rney 0 ov] ea/]n & less elevat$ portions ( ! ,&es2 b little bel[1 h[ev]1 ! l9e ( p]petual sn[4 ,"h1 dur+ ! dry season1 he met ) frequ5t %[]s & fogs f ! ea/w>d1 b left !m z he desc5d$ into ! pla9s ^u ! table-l&4 ,!re he f\nd ! dry season m di/9ctly m>k$2 b occasional irregul>ities 7 f\nd ^u ! table-l&s1 z e :]e ^u correspond+ elevations4 ,! ,s4 ,e4 trades1 h[ev]1 7 !re obvi\s1 dur+ ! dry season1 not)/&+ ! irregul>ities4 ,! ra9y season1 f ,decemb] to ,may1 he sp5t at ,co*abamba1 & at its close he travel$ nor? d[n ! ,madeira & its tribut>ies1 to ! ,amazon4 ,al?\gh sc>cely consi/5t ) my prescrib$ limits1 ,i c n =be> mak+ a few extracts4 ,?us1 :5 on ! m\nta9s1 ea/ ( ,huanvelica1 9 ! ,n4 ,e4 c\nt]-trade1 he says3 ,our c\rse is to ! ea/w>d4 ,! sn[-capp$ m\nta9s are 9 sight to ! we/4 ,temp]ature ( a spr+ #dh deg42 air #dd deg44 ,lightn+ fla%es all ar\nd u2 z ! w9d :irls f nor?-ea/ to s\?-we/1 ra9 & sn[-flakes become hail1 half ! size ( peas4 ,?und] ro>s & e*oes ?r\gh ! m\nta9s2 ! mules hang _! heads1 & travel sl[ly2 ! ?9ly-clad aborig9al walks %iv]+ z he drives ! tra9 ahead2 ! d>k cumulus cl\d seems to wrap itself ar\nd u4 ,aga91 at ! ,bombam ,po/-h\se1 9 ! focus ( *ange f cirrus to cumulus1 & /ratus1 & /orm3 ,! w9ds are v g5tle1 & curl ! cirrus or hairy cl\ds 9 mo/ graceful %apes ab\t ! ho>y-head$ ,&es1 9 ri* & delicate clu/]s2 :5 ! peak is conceal$1 all b ! blue t+e bel[ ! sn[1 we see a natural bridal vail4 ,an ea/]ly w9d lifts & turns !m to d>k1 cumulus cl\ds1 settl$ on ! fro/y cr[n1 l an old man's w9t] cap2 ! physiognomical expression is t ( ang]4 ,! *ange is accompani$ by ?und]1 & seems to comm& all ar\nd to clo! !mselves = /orms4 ,! cold ra9 comes d[n 9 f9e drops ^u u2 ! day gr[s d>k]1 & ! cl\ds press close ^u ! e>?4 ,dur+ an excursion ea/ ( ,cuzco-- ,turn+ f ! riv]1 we asc5d a /eep ridge ( m\nta9s--! ea/]n range at la/4 ,a heavy mi/ wafts upw>d z ! w9ds drive x aga9/ ! side ( ! ,&es1 s t our view is %ort5$ to a few hundr$ y>ds4 ,we hope ! curta9 w rise t we may view ! productions ( ! tropical valley bel[2 b ! mi/ ?ick5s1 & ! day gets d>k ) heavy1 heap$-up black cl\ds2 a ra9-/orm foll[s4 ,! grasses are ?rifty1 & ! top ( ! ridge cov]$ ) a ?ick sod4 ,by b>omet]1 we /& elev5 ?\s& "o hundr$ feet above ! level ( ! sea4 ,9 ,may foll[+1 hav+ sp5t ! ra9y season 9 ,co*abamba1 he travels nor?-- ,our r\te f ,t>ma to ,oruro 0 s\?4 ,we travel$ ahead ( ! sun4 ,9 ,decemb]1 :5 we arriv$ 9 ,co*abamba1 ! sun _h j pass$ u4 ,z soon z he did s1 ! ra9s desc5d$ heavily on ?is side ( ! ridge2 x 0 impossible to proce$4 ,! roads 7 flood$1 ! rav9es impassable1 & ! arri]os put (f _! j\rney until ! dry season _h comm5c$4 ,aft] ! sun pass$ ! z5i? ( ,co*abamba1 & _h fairly mov$ ! ra9 belt aft] him t[>d ! nor?1 !n we came out f "u %elt]1 & are n[ walk+ beh9d ! ra9 belt 9 dry wea!r1 :ile ! inhabitants are actively employ$ 9 t5d+ _! crops4 ,s on ! nor? ( ! equatorial belt1 along ! :ole l9e ( ! ,&es1 up to ! nor!rn b\nd>y ( ! des]t valley ( ! ,gila1 ra9 falls on ! high m\nta9-ranges1 ow+ to ! contiguity ( ! c\nt]-trade & ! div]sion ( %[]s to ! nor?1 along _! ea/]n sides4 ,dur+ ! survey ( ! b\nd>y l9e betwe5 ,mexico & ,cali=nia1 etc41 by ! commission "u ,mr4 ,b>tlett1 x became necess>y to f9d "s spot :]e wat] & grass 7 abundant1 = ! head qu>t]s ( ! commission4 ,?is 0 f\nd1 & c\ld only be f\nd1 ^u ! ,mimbres ,m\nta9s1 at an old ab&on$ ,spani% copp] m9e1 #g1jjj or #h1jjj feet above ! level ( ! sea1 surr\nd$ ) peaks ( /ill great] height4 ,^! elevat$ ranges 7 )9 influ5tial di/ance ( ! c\nt]-trade1 & "h sn[ fell 9 ! w9t]1 f ! extra-tropical belt1 & ra91 9 %[]s1 9 summ]1 at ! p]iod ( ! mo/ nor!rly ext5sion ( ! tropical belt2 :5 fifte5 miles (f1 9 ! valley1 x 0 unbrok5 dr\ght4 ,mr4 ,b>tlett ?us describes x 9 8 ,p]sonal ,n>rative3 ,we rea*$ ?is di/rict on ! #b;d ( ,may4 ,vegetation 0 !n =w>d1 ?\gh !re _h be5 no ra94 ,b x mu/ be rememb]$ t dur+ ! w9t] !re is sn[1 & h5ce a good deal ( moi/ure 9 ! e>? :5 ! spr+ op5s4 ,! mon?s ( ,may & ,june 7 mod]ately w>m4 ,on ! ?ird ( ,july ! fir/ ra9 fell4 ,x !n came 9 torr5ts1 accompani$ by hail1 & la/$ ?ree or f\r h\rs4 ,_m ( our adobe h\ses 7 delug$ ) wat]1 & ! m\nta9-sides exhibit$ cat>acts 9 e direction4 ,! ,arroyo1 :i* passes ?r\gh ! village1 & :i* furni%es b>ely wat] en\gh = our p>ty & ! animals1 became s mu* swoll5 z to r5d] x difficult to cross2 &1 by ! "t x _h receiv$ ! num]\s m\nta9 torr5ts1 :i* fall into x )9 a mile f our camp1 x became impassable = wagons1 or ev5 mules4 ,! dry gullies became rapid /reams1 five or six feet deep1 & sometimes fifty feet or m across4 ,on ?is day1 a p>ty1 9 com+ to ! copp] m9es1 f ! pla9 bel[1 :]e !re _h be5 no ra91 f\nd !mselves sudd5ly 9 a region ov]fl[+ ) wat]1 s t _! progress 0 arre/$1 & !y 7 oblig$ to wait until ! flood _h subsid$4 ,aft] ?is we _h occasional %[]s1 dur+ ! mon?s ( ,july & ,augu/4 ,! location ( ?is m\nta9 /ation is ne> ! ?irty-?ird degree ( nor? latitude1 :ile ! nor!rn limit ( ! equatorial belt1 n[h]e1 except ^u ! m\nta9 ranges & table-l&s ( ,mexico1 ext5ds above #be deg44 ,!re1 = ! reason we h be5 consid]+1 x does ext5d fur!r nor? dur+ ,july & ,augu/1 9 occasional %[]s1 & 9 ! vic9ity ( ,m\nt ,pica*o1 ,mr4 ,b>tlett met "o ( its m\nta9 ?und]-/orms on ! #ac? ( ,july1 on 8 return s\? ?r\gh ,mexico1 9 latitude #cb deg41 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 7,p]sonal ,n>rative1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bhe74 ,^! %[]s orig9at$ 9 /rata ( c\nt]-trade1 :i* _h foll[$ up along ! ea/]n side ( ! m\nta9s & n f /rata :i* _h cross$ !m & curv$ to ! ea/w>d1 z is %[n by ! c\rse ( progression ( ! %[]s4 ,let u look1 9 ?is connection1 at a fact or two ( great int]e/1 ?\gh n directly connect$ ) ! po9t 9 h&4 ,! s\!rn limit ( ! extra-tropical belt 9 w9t]1 on ! ,pacific coa/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 is 9 ! vic9ity ( ,san ,diego1 at ab\t #cb deg44 ,9 summ]1 t limit is c>ri$ up above ,a/oria1 :i* is 9 latitude #df deg4 #aa'--;ab\t #ad deg4--yet ,new ,mexico receives little if any ra9 9 w9t] 9 ! vic9ity ( ,albuqu]que1 b does receive a limit$ supply ( ab\t sev5 in*es 9 summ] & autumn1 five & a half in*es ( :i* falls 9 ,june1 ,july1 & ,augu/4 ,albuqu]que is 9 latitude #ce deg4 #ac'1 bel[ ! s\!rn summ] limit ( ! extra-tropical belt1 & nor? ( ! nor!rn limit ( ! equatorial belt4 ,?is anomaly is expla9$ by ! ext5sion we/ ov] nor!rn ,new ,mexico1 ( ! extreme we/]n edge ( our conc5trat$ c\nt]-trade1 by reason ( its issu+ fur!r we/ f ! equatorial belt 9 its nor!rn ext5sion 9 ! summ] mon?s4 ,?is we/]n edge1 9 curv+ to ! ea/1 nor?-ea/ ( ,new ,mexico1 cov]s ! nor?-we/]n ,/ates1 ,i[a1 ,m9nesota1 ,wiscons91 etc41 & furni%es !m t great excess ( summ] precipitation :i* is a peculi>ity ( _! climate2 & its abs5ce fur!r ea/ 9 w9t]1 & ! v great elevation ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s & o!r ranges ov] :i* _! ord9>y c\nt]-trade ( t season curves1 acc\nt = ! abs5ce ( mu* precipitation & sn[ !re1 or ov] ! valley ( ! ,rio ,gr&e 9 ,new ,mexico1 9 w9t]4 ,we may n[ see1 too1 :y ! we/]n coa/ & ! ,pacific region ( ! cont95t1 bel[ #de deg41 are s defici5t 9 moi/ure4 ,! ,s4 ,e4 trades1 :i* arise f ! we/]n portion ( ! s\? ,atlantic & ! cont95t ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 :i*1 if x 7 n = ! ,&es *a91 9 _! natural c\rse1 aft] pass+ ! equatorial belt1 w\ld cont9ue on to ! nor?-we/ until !y pass$ ! limits ( ! ,n4 ,e4 trades1 & curve 9 ^u ! we/]n portion ( our cont95t bel[ #de deg41 & supply x b\ntifully ) ra91 are1 9 "p1 p]haps1 div]t$ along ! ea/]n side ( ^? m\nta9s to swell ! volume ( our c\nt]-trade1 & 9 "p pass !m1 almo/ exhau/$ ( _! supply ( moi/ure by _! contigu\s reciprocal action4 ,h5ce1 too1 ! defici5cy ( precipitation at ! base ( ! ,&es1 on ! we/]n side1 & ! peculi> & irregul> "* ( ! w9ds "u ! we/]n lee ( ! ,&ean range4 ,baffl+ airs & b&s ( calms prevail on ?is portion ( ! ,pacific1 except :]e ! m\nta9s fall (f1 & !n !re is a we/]ly or s\?-we/]ly monsoon "u ! equatorial belt4 ,says ,lieut5ant ,maury 9 8 ,*>ts1 six? edition1 p4 #gca3 ,! passage1 "u canvass1 f ,panama to ,cali=nia1 z at pres5t made1 is ! mo/ t$i\s1 unc]ta91 & vexati\s t is kn[n to navigators4 ,my inve/igations h be5 c>ri$ f> en\gh to %[ t at c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye> a vessel b\nd f ,panama to ,cali=nia1 mu/ cross at lea/ ?ree1 at "s seasons f\r1 su* meet+s ( w9ds or b&s ( calms1 be=e %e c ent] ! region ( ! ,n4 ,e4 trades4 ,h5ce ! t$i\s passage4 ,su* w ev] be ! /ate ( ?+s on ?is cont95t & ^u ! ea/]n ,pacific1 s long z ! ,s4 ,e4 c\nt]-trades are compell$ to pass ov] ! m\nta9 *a9 ( ,s\? & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,aga91 if we exam9e c>efully ! belt or zone ( extra-tropical ra9s1 we %all f9d t ! focus ( greate/ precipitation is consid]ably nor? ( its s\!rn limit1 & t1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 ?is focus travels nor? 9 summ]1 & gives to high] latitudes _! ne$$ summ] ra9s4 ,?is is v app>5t ^u ! nor?-we/]n portion ( our cont95t1 z ! foll[+ table w %[3 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,lat4 ,jan4,feb4,m>4,apr4,may4,june4 -------------------------------- ,san ,diego1 ,cal4 #cb deg4 #da' #j4c #a4g #a4a #j4i #j4e #j4j ,san ,francisco4 #cg deg4 #dh' #a4g #j4e #d4d #b4a #j4d #j4j ,cant41 ,f> ,w41 ,cal4#ci deg4 #jb' #c4c #j4f #f4d #b4b #j4i #j4j ,a/oria1 ,oregon4 #df deg4 #aa'bg4jaj4i #f4a #d4d #e4i #b4f ,puget's ,s'd1 ,ore4 #dg deg4 #jg'aa4h #c4i #d4g #d4a #j4h #j4f ,sitka1 ,russ4 ,am4 #eg deg4 #c' #b4e #i4f #c4e #c4c #a4i #e4i ---------------------------------------- ------------------- --------------------------------------- ,july4,aug4,sept4,oct4 ,nov4,dec4,ye>4 -------------------------------- #j4j #j4b #j4j #j4a #a4e #c4d #i4f #j4j #j4j #j4d #j4f #c4j #e4e #ah4h #j4j #j4j #j4c #j4a #c4e #d4f #ba4i #j4j #b4c #a4i #f4gac4b #f4b #hg4b #j4e #a4c #a4f #c4f #e4i #f4a #dd4h #c4g #aj4aad4h #ab4g #g4d #d4b #gi4e --------------------------------------- ,! figures are = in*es & t5?s ( an in* ( ra94 ,?us1 x w be se5 t 9 ,janu>y1 :5 ! s\!rn l9e is at ,san ,diego1 at ! s\? l9e ( ,cali=nia1 ! focus ( precipitation is ov] ,oregon2 & t 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb] :5 ! s\!rn l9e is c>ri$ up & ov] ,oregon1 ! focus has travel$ nor? to ,sitka1 & t x is always at lea/ #aj deg4 nor? ( ! s\!rn l9e ( ! belt ^u t coa/4 ,! increas$ quantities ( ra9 :i* fall at ! focus ( precipitation !re1 f ,oregon up1 are d\btless mu* enhanc$ by ! equatorial oceanic curr5t :i* fl[s ov] opposite t "p ( ! cont95t4 ,a l effect1 precisely1 is produc$ 9 ,europe4 ,! quantity ( ra9 :i* falls at ,b]g51 9 ,norway1 be+ #hg-fa_/ajj in*es p] ye>1 m ?an ?ree times ! av]age = t cont95t4 ,! diff]5ce %[n 9 ! =ego+ table1 betwe5 ,a/oria & ,puget's ,s\nd1 is ow+ to ! fact t ! latt] lies 9 ! int]ior & )9 ! coa/ range ( m\nta9s1 :ile ,a/oria is situat$ at ! m\? ( ! ,columbia ,riv]1 ) an op5 view ( ! ocean4 ,a l comp>ative increase ( precipitation 9 nor!rn latitudes1 9 summ]1 is f\nd e :]e v>y+ accord+ to ! local influ5ces :i* op]ate 9 ! p>ticul> case4 ,?us1 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,!re falls 9 ,w9t]4,spr+4,summ]4,aut'mn4 ,ye>4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,burl+ton1 ,vt41 lat4 #dd deg4 #bj' #e4g #g4c #aa4d #i4h #cc4i ,albany1 ,n4 ,y41 lat4 #db deg4 #ci' #h4c #i4h #ab4c #aj4c #dj4g ,m9nesota1 ,i[a1 lat4 #da deg4 #bh' #g4c #ab4c #ag4d #aa4g #dh4h ,/4 ,pet]s'g1 ,russ41 lat4 #ei deg4 #ef' #c4hi #c4bj #e4gj #d4ga #ag4ea ,pek91 ,*9a1 lat4 #dj deg4 4#ed #c4ce #ah4hj #b4bi #be4fh ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,pek9 lies 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,*9a1 & w\ld h a mu* l>g] fall ( ra9 f a conc5trat$ c\nt]-trade1 b = ! num]\s m\nta9-ranges :i* int]sect its pa? 9 w9t]1 b ov] :i* x passes at a great] elevation dur+ ! summ]--a peculi>ity f :i* ! ea/]n section ( ?is c\ntry is mo/ rem>kably & happily free4 ,?us1 x is obvi\s t ! focus ( precipitation 9 ! zone ( extra tropical ra9s1 is "s #h deg4 to #ab deg4 nor? ( its s\!rn l9e1 & travels ) ! :ole ma*9]y 9 its annual transit nor? & s\?4 ,x is a "q ( "s difficulty1 p]haps1 :e!r ?is focus is increas$ by ! increase ( magnetic action at ?is po9t1 = bo? ! l9e ( desc5t ( ! c\nt]-trade1 & ! focus ( magnetic action1 are c>ri$ up 9 a l mann]1 & = a l cause1 &1 9 all probability1 bo? concur 9 ! result4 ,!re is exce$+ wisdom 9 ?is provision = ! gradual subsid5ce ( ! c\nt]-trade1 & gradual increase ( magnetic int5sity1 & consequ5t gradual precipitation4 ,on ! ,european cont95t1 & ov] we/]n ,asia1 !re are #ej deg4 ( latitude to be suppli$ ) moi/ure by ?is pol> belt ( ra9s4 ,if ! focus ( precipitation 0 at its s\!rn bord]1 ! c\nt]-trade w\ld be depriv$ ( its moi/ure at t po9t1 & little w\ld rea* ! m nor!rn portions ( ! globe :i* are to be suppli$ by x4 ,b ! movem5t ( ! :ole ma*9]y c>ries up ! s\!rn l9e f ! s\? b\nd>ies ( ! ,b>b>y ,/ates on to ! ,m$it]ranean & portions ( s\!rn ,europe1 & ! focus ( precipitation & ( ne> approa* ( ! c\nt]-trade to ! e>?1 be+ situat$ f> nor? ( ! s\!rn l9e1 is c>ri$ up correspond+ly1 :ile ! comb9ation ( ! moi/ure ) ! atmosph]e by s\? pol> magnetism & electricity1 & ! gradual desc5t ( ! c\nt]-trade1 enable x to resi/1 to "s ext5t1 ! influ5ce ( nor? pol> magnetism & cold1 & ?us reta9 portions ( its moi/ure = di/ribution 9 ! pol> regions4 ,! elevation ( ! c\nt]-trade above ! e>? v>ies 9 ! same latitude ) ! v>iations 9 ! ph5om5a ( ! wea!r4 ,an att5tive obs]vation ( ! cl\ds ( our climate w soon satisfy any "o ( ?is1 aft] he has become famili> ) !m1 s z to di/+ui% ) c]ta9ty ! cl\ds ( ! trade4 ,its range1 9 ?is c\ntry1 is f #c1jjj feet1 or less1 to #ab1jjj feet above ! e>?1 & its dep? ) u probably1 f #f1jjj to #h1jjj feet4 ,gay-,lussac1 9 8 sci5tific exp]im5tal balloon asc5sion1 ! fir/ ( t "* ev] made1 except an imp]fect "o j previ\s1 by himself & ,biot1 f\nd x at ab\t #ab1jjj feet ov] ,p>is1 & ab\t #d1jjj feet 9 dep?4 ,x is detect$ by ! !rmomet] :5 mu* elevat$4 ,! atmosph]e gr[s cool z x is asc5d$ on m\nta9s1 or by balloons4 ,! rate ( cool+ is ord9>ily ab\t #a deg4 ( ,fahr5heit = e #cjj feet4 ,if x 7 n = ! equatorial curr5t1 ?is progressive decrease ( temp]ature w\ld d\btless be p]fectly uni=m4 ,( ,gay-,lussac's asc5sion1 on ?is po9t x 0 said3 ,at =ty m9utes aft] #i o'clock1 on ! morn+ ( ! #ae? ,septemb]1 #ahjd1 ! sci5tific voyag] asc5d$1 z be=e1 f ! g>d5 ( ! repository ( models4 ,! b>omet] !n /ood at #cj4ff ,engli% in*es1 ! !rmomet] at #hb deg4 ,fahr5heit1 & ! hygromet] at #eg-a_/b deg44 ,! sky 0 uncl\d$1 b mi/y4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( ?is gradual asc5t1 he notic$1 at %ort int]vals1 ! /ate ( ! b>omet]1 ! !rmomet]1 & ! hygromet]4 ,( ^! obs]vations1 am\nt+ 9 all to tw5ty-"o1 he has giv5 a tabul> view4 ,we regret1 h[ev]1 t he has neglect$ to m>k ! times at :i* !y 7 made1 s9ce ! results appe> to h be5 v mat]ially modifi$ by ! progress ( ! day4 ,x w\ld likewise h be5 desirable to h comp>$ !m ) a regi/]1 not$ e half h\r1 at ! ,obs]vatory4 ,f ! surface ( ! e>? to ! height ( #ab1abe feet1 ! temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e decreas$ regul>ly1 f #hb deg4 to #dg deg4 #c' by ,fahr5heit's scale2 b aft]w>d x increas$ aga91 & rea*$ to #ec deg4 #f' at ! altitude ( #ad1jjj feet2 evid5tly ow+ to ! influ5ce ( ! w>m curr5ts ( air :i*1 z ! day advanc$1 rose cont9ually f ! heat$ gr\nd4 ,f t po9t ! temp]ature dim9i%$1 ) only slight deviations f a p]fect regul>ity4 ,at ! height ( #ah1fcf feet ! !rmomet] subsid$ to #cb deg4 #i'1 on ! v]ge ( congelation2 b x sunk to #ad deg4 #i' at ! enorm\s altitude ( #bb1iab feet above ,p>is1 or #bc1jdj feet above ! level ( ! sea1 ! utmo/ limit ( ! balloon's asc5t4 ,! high range ( ! b>omet] indicat$ a v consid]able elevation ( ! trade at ! "t ,gay-,lussac made 8 asc5sion4 ,i am n aw>e t x has s9ce be5 f\nd at s great an elevation1 9 s high a latitude1 ?\gh x is und\bt$ly elevat$ by ! int]position ( a l>ge volume ( ,n4 ,w4 air1 ^u "s occasions1 to ne>ly ! same altitude ) u4 ,9 ! extract 9 relation to ! asc5sion ( ,gay-,lussac1 we h ano!r ( ! ?\s& ha/ily-adopt$ & absurd hypo!ses connect$ ) ! caloric !ory4 ,x is obvi\sly & utt]ly impossible t 9 addition to ! ord9>y accumulation ( heat at ! surface ( ! e>? z ! day advanc$--t is1 dur+ ! =5oon1 w>m curr5ts %\ld asc5d1 unobs]v$ by ,gay-,lussac dur+ an asc5t ( #ab1jjj feet--n affect+ 9 ! lea/ s l>ge an int]v5+ body ( ! atmosph]e or 8 !rmomet]1 & 9 su* imm5se volumes z to increase ! w>m? ( a /ratum ( #d1jjj feet 9 dep?1 an av]age ( #c deg4 ( ,fahr5heit1 & to ! ext5t ( #f deg4 at ! c5t]4 ,v few balloon asc5sions h be5 made ) a view to sci5tific & accurate obs]vation4 ,b o!r a]onauts h met ! c\nt]-trade at diff]5t altitudes1 & 9 bo? cle> & /ormy wea!r4 ,rec5tly1 9 #aheb1 f\r asc5sions 7 made 9 ,engl&1 "u ! direction ( ! ,kew ,obs]vatory ,committee1 ( ! ,briti% ,association4 ,i copy f ! ,augu/ numb] ( ! ,london1 ,ed9burg1 & ,dubl9 ,magaz9e1 = #ahec1 ! foll[+ cond5s$ am\nt ( ! result3 ,! asc5ts took place on ,augu/ #ag?1 ,augu/ #bf?1 ,octob] #ba/1 & ,novemb] #aj?1 #aheb1 f ! ,vauxhall ,g>d5s1 ) ,mr4 ,c4 ,gre5's l>ge balloon4 ,! pr9cipal results ( ! obs]vations may be briefly /at$ z foll[s3 ,ea* ( ! f\r s]ies ( obs]vations %[s t ! progress ( ! temp]ature is n regul> at all heights1 b t at a c]ta9 height 7v>y+ on diff]5t days7 ! regul> dim9ution becomes arre/$1 & = ! space ( ab\t #b1jjj feet ! temp]ature rema9s con/ant1 or ev5 increases by a small am\nt4 ,x aft]w>d resumes its d[nw>d c\rse1 cont9u+1 = ! mo/ "p1 to dim9i% regul>ly ?r\gh\t ! rema9d] ( ! height obs]v$4 ,!re is ?us1 9 ! curves repres5t+ ! progression ( temp]ature ) height1 an appe>ance ( dislocation1 always 9 ! same direction1 b v>y+ 9 am\nt f #g deg4 to #ab deg44 ,9 ! fir/ two s]ies1 viz43 ,augu/ #ag? & #bf?1 ?is peculi> int]ruption ( ! progress ( temp]ature is /rik+ly co9cid5t ) a l>ge & rapid fall 9 ! temp]ature ( ! dew-po9t4 ,! same is exhibit$ 9 a less m>k$ mann] on ,novemb] #aj?4 ,on ,octob] #ba/ a d5se cl\d exi/$ at a height ( ab\t #c1jjj feet2 ! temp]ature decreas$ uni=mly f ! e>? up to ! l[] surface ( ! cl\d4 ,:5 a slight rise comm5c$1 ! rise cont9u+ ?r\gh ! cl\d1 & to ab\t #fjj feet above its upp] surface1 :5 ! regul> desc5d+ progression 0 resum$4 ,at a %ort di/ance above ! cl\d1 ! dew-po9t fell consid]ably1 b ! rate ( dim9ution ( temp]ature does n appe> to h be5 affect$ 9 ?is in/ance 9 ! same mann] z 9 ! o!r s]ies2 ! ph5om5on s /rik+ly %[n 9 ! o!r ?ree cases be+ p]haps modifi$ by ! exi/5ce ( moi/ure 9 a cond5s$ or vesicul> =m4 ,x w\ld appe>1 on ! :ole1 t ab\t ! pr9cipal plane ( cond5sation heat is develop$ 9 ! atmosph]e1 :i* has ! effect ( rais+ ! temp]ature ( ! high] air above :at x w\ld h be5 _h ! rate ( decrease cont9u$ uni=mly f ! e>? upw>d4 ,^! g5tlem5 d n adopt ! absurd explanation ( ! ,fr5* philosoph]s2 !y acc\nt = ! ph5om5on by suppos+ heat to be develop$ at t p>ticul> "p ( ! atmosph]e2 b !y are equally wide ( ! m>k4 ,!y f\nd ! excess ( heat !re to ! ext5t ( #g deg4 to #ab deg41 & on days :5 !re 0 no cond5sation1 or o!r assignable cause = its developm5t4 ,! temp]ature ( ! c\nt]-trade p>takes1 d\btless1 ( ! temp]ature ( ! adjo9+ /rata at its upp] & l[] portion1 & has nev] be5 f\nd mu*1 if any1 high] ?an #fj deg4 at ! c5t]4 ,nor c\ld x be expect$4 ,! trade1 9 its upw>d curv+ c\rse1 )9 ! tropics1 atta9s a consid]able altitude :]e ! atmosph]e is comp>atively cold1 & necess>ily loses a portion ( its heat !re1 & dur+ its nor!rn fl[4 ,probably its c5tral summ] range1 9 ! latitude ( ,p>is1 is n f> f #ee deg41 & ) u #fj deg44 ,! contra/ betwe5 ! trade & ! surr\nd+ atmosph]e1 9 w9t]1 is mu* m /rik+1 & ?is has be5 obs]v$ p>ticul>ly ^u ! ,brock5 ( ! ,alps1 & 9 ! pol> regions4 ,9 all seasons ! temp]ature is high] on ! ,brock51 on a s]5e1 ?an on a cl\dy day1 &1 9 ! mon? ( ,janu>y1 ! s]5e days 7 w>m] ?an at ,b]l94 7,kaemtz's ,meteorology1 by ,walk]1 p4 #bag4--,note47 ,z ! portion ( ! c\nt]-trade1 :i* does n become depol>iz$--9 dim9i%$ volume--progresses t[>d ! pol> regions1 x settles ne>] ! e>?1 & )9 ! ,arctic circle is f\nd b little way above x4 ,?us1 9 ,decemb]1 #ahba1 ,p>ry1 at ,w9t] ,isl&1 9 latitude #ff deg4 #aa'1 flew a kite1 ) a !rmomet] atta*$1 to ! height ( #cgi feet1 & f\nd t ! temp]ature1 in/ead ( fall+ #a-a_/d deg41 ! usual ratio ( decrease1 rose #c_/d ( a degree4 ,! same ?+ 0 obs]v$ at ,spitzb]g51 9 latitude #gg deg4 #cj' nor?1 & at ,bosekop1 latitude #fi deg4 #eh'1 by a sci5tific commission1 & by means ( kites1 conf9$ balloons1 & ! asc5t ( elevations4 ,9 w9t] ! temp]ature goes on increas+ ) ! height1 up to a c]ta9 limit1 :i* is v>iable1 accord+ to ! diff]5t atmosph]ic circum/ances1 ! influ5ce ( :i* is n yet v exactly kn[n4 ,! h\r ( ! day appe>s to be indiff]5t1 s9ce !re exi/s no !rmometric diurnal v>iation 9 ! /rata ( ! surface4 ,! mean ( ?irty-six exp]im5ts1 made ) kites1 or ) captive balloons1 at ,bosekop1 latitude #fi deg4 #eh' nor?1 has giv5 a mean rate ( increase ( #a deg4 #f' = ! fir/ hundr$ met]s4#f ,beyond ?is limit1 & ev5 beyond ! fir/ #fj or #hj met]s1 ! temp]ature aga9 becomes decreas+1 at fir/ v sl[ly1 b aft]w>d ! decrease is accel]at$4 ,! obs]vations t h be5 made on ! flanks1 or on ! summits1 ( m\nta9s1 dur+ ! same exp$itions1 entirely confirm ^! results4 ,! cool+ influ5ce ( a soil1 t radiates its own heat = sev]al weeks1 )\t receiv+ any ?+ on ! "p ( ! sun1 9 comp5sation ( its losses1 ! influ5ce ( c\nt]-curr5ts f above1 com+ f ! we/ & ! s\?-we/1 ) a high temp]ature1 acc\nt = ?is anomaly1 :i*1 9 w9t]1 repres5ts ! normal /ate ( ! mo/ nor!rn p>ts ( ! ,european cont95t4 7,walk]'s ,kaemtz1 p4 #eae4--,note47 ,mr4 ,walk] is ! only au?or1 s f> z ,i "k1 :o has suspect$ ! true cause ( ! ph5om5on1 viz43 curr5ts f above com+ f ! we/ & s\?-we/1 ) a high temp]ature2 b ! caloric !ory /icks l a burr1 & he adh]es also to ! idea t a sn[-clad surface1 9 ! abs5ce ( ! sun1 c aid1 by radiation1 9 w>m+ ! atmosph]e = a di/ance ( sev]al hundr$ y>ds above x1 increas+ ! w>m? z ! di/ance f ! e>? increases6 ,?is contra/ betwe5 ! c\nt]-trade & ! adjac5t atmosph]e1 9 w9t]1 9 latitudes z l[ z t ( ! ,brock51 is probably height5$ by ! increas$ w>m? ( ! =m]1 at t season4 ,! ,s4 ,e4 trades !n =m "u a v]tical sun1 & ! diff]5ce ( temp]ature c n be less ?an f #f deg4 to #h deg44 ,n unfrequ5tly 9 w9t] & spr+ ! ra9 w fall ) a temp]ature ( #ej deg4 to #ee deg41 :5 ! atmosph]e ne> ! e>? is #aj deg4 or #bj deg4 or m1 bel[ ^? po9ts2 & x is froz5 to e object ^u :i* x falls4 ,! trade /ratum1 f :i* x desc5ds1 is n w>m$ by radiation or by asc5d+ curr5ts f a sn[-clad surface1 & dur+ a cl\dy day2 nor by a developm5t ( heat at t p>ticul> altitude1 b x has br\ght its heat f ! ,s\? ,atlantic1 & imp>ts x to ! ra9 :i* =ms )9 x4 ,!re is e reason to believe t ! c\nt]-trade fl[s nor? 9 a regul> desc5d+ plane1 n mat]ially diff]+ f t ( ! l9e ( p]petual sn[4 ,! desc5t ( ! latt] is well asc]ta9$ to be f ab\t #af1jjj feet at ! equator1 to ! surface at ! poles4 ,! plane ( ! c\nt]-trade is probably mu* ! same1 v>y+ ov] diff]5t localities1 f ! v>i$ action betwe5 x & ! e>? :i* we are consid]+2 & probably bo? correspond ) ! increase ( magnetic int5sity4 ,lieut5ant ,maury1 9 an able & orig9al article ^u ! circulation ( ! atmosph]e1 conceives ! b&s ( comp>ative calms at ! nor!rn limits ( ! trades1 :i* he appropriately t]ms ! ,calms ( ,canc]1 to be nodes 9 ! circulation ( ! atmosph]e1 & t ! upp] or c\nt]-trade "h dec5ds & becomes a surface w9d f ! ,s4 ,w41 z ! ,n4 ,e4 trade is a surface w9d2 & t an upp] curr5t f ! poles approa*es & desc5ds at ! same node1 to make ! ,n4 ,e4 trade4 ,b x is evid5t he adopt$ t conclusion too ha/ily1 z he obvi\sly did ! conclusion t ! calms ( ! horse latitudes 7 a type ( all4 ,we h se5 t ! latt] are increas$ by a div]sion ( ! c\nt]-trade1 & t !y are avoid$ by mak+ ea/+4 ,s x may be obs]v$ t our upp] curr5t is a ,s4 ,w4 curr5t1 & no nor!rly upp] curr5t is visible1 or exi/s ov] ! c\ntry1 h[ev] x may be 9 we/]n ,europe & ! ,nor? ,pacific1 on ! we/ ( ! magnetic poles1 :]e cold1 dry nor!rly & nor?-ea/]ly w9ds are f\nd4 ,! orig9 & progress ( /orms )al demon/rates t no su* node c exi/4 ,two po9ts h be5 made 9 relation to ! c\rse ( ! c\nt]-trade 9 ! tropics1 & are reli$ ^u to %[ its progress !re to ! ,n4 ,e41 :i* des]ve consid]ation4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is well kn[n t ra9 du/ falls 9 consid]able quantities on ! we/]n coa/ ( ,africa1 p>ticul>ly ab\t ! ,cape de ,v]de ,isl&s1 & also ^u ! ,m$it]ranean & s\?-we/]n ,europe1 :]e x is t]m$ sirocco du/4 ,?is du/1 says ,lieut5ant ,maury1 :5 subject$ to microscopic exam9ation1 is f\nd to consi/ ( infusoria & organisms1 ^: habitat 7place ( abode7 is n ,africa1 b ,s\? ,am]ica1 & 9 ! ,s4 ,e4 trade-w9d region ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,pr(essor ,ehr5b]g has exam9$ specim5s ( sea du/1 f ! ,cape de ,v]des & ! regions !reab\t1 f ,malta1 ,g5oa1 ,lyons1 & ! ,tyrol1 & he has f\nd su* a simil>ity among !m z w\ld n h be5 m /rik+ _h ^! specim5s be5 all tak5 f ! same pile4 ,s\? ,am]ican =ms he recognizes 9 all ( !m2 inde$1 !y are ! prevail+ =m 9 e specim5 he has exam9$4 ,x may1 ,i ?9k1 be n[ reg>d$ z an e/abli%$ fact1 t !re is a p]petual upp] curr5t ( air f ,s\? ,am]ica to nor? ,africa1 & t ! volume ( air 9 ^! upp] curr5ts1 :i* fl[s to ! nor?w>d1 is ne>ly equal to ! volume :i* fl[s to ! s\?w>d ) ! ,n4 ,e4 trade-w9ds1 !re c be no d\bt1 etc4 ,n[1 x is d\btless true t ?is du/ is transport$ 9 a c\nt]-trade1 & t su* du/ is f\nd 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 & is tak5 up !re by s&-sp\ts1 l ^? ( ! ocean 9 =m & action4 ,bo? ,humboldt & ,gibbon h graphically describ$ !m4 ,yet ,i d n ?9k ! po9t well tak54 ,s\?-ea/w>d ( ! ,cape de ,v]des1 :]e ! surface-trades--:i*1 becom+ c\nt]-trades1 pass ov] ^! isl&s1 &1 recurv+1 pass ov] ! ,m$it]ranean & s\?-we/]n ,europe--%\ld orig9ate1 !re is a va/ ext5t ( unexplor$ cont95t 9 ! same latitude z ! portion ( ,s\? ,am]ica :]e ! du/ is f\nd2 & ! same dry seasons1 & ! same sp\ts1 9 all probability1 exi/ 9 bo?4 ,until x be %[n t su* =ms h no habitat 9 c5tral & s\!rn & unexplor$ ,africa1 ^u ! same latitudes z 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 x may fairly be presum$ t ! du/ is tak5 up !re4 ,inde$1 ! curve ^u :i* ?is du/ is f\nd to fall1 9 ! greate/ quantities1 is v rem>kable1 & corresponds rem>kably ) ! law ( curvature ( ! c\nt]-trade we h consid]$1 & ) ! progress ( a /orm ^u t coa/1 & ov] ! ,m$it]ranean1 inve/igat$ by ,colonel ,reid4 7,see ,reid1 on ,/orms & ,v>iable ,w9ds1 p4 #bgf47 ,?is curve cle>ly indicates ! orig9 ( ! du/ 9 ,s\? ,africa4 ,! second po9t is1 t a%es f ! volcanos ( ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica h fall5 to ! nor?-ea/ ( ! place :]e !y 7 eject$4 ,mr4 ,r$field has gr\p$ ^! in/ances ( volcanic eruption usually cit$1 & ,i copy f him3 ,we le>n f ,humboldt1 t 9 ! great eruption ( ,jorullo1 a volcano ( s\!rn ,mexico1 :i* is #b1ajj feet above ! sea1 9 latitude #ah deg4 #de'1 longitude #afa deg4 #cj'1 ! ro(s ( ! h\ses 9 ,qu]et>o1 m ?an #aej miles nor?1 #cg deg4 ea/ f ! volcano1 7 cov]$ ) ! volcanic du/4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #ahde1 an eruption took place 9 ! volcano ( ,cosigu9a1 on ! ,pacific coa/ ( ,c5tral ,am]ica1 9 latitude #ac deg4 nor?1 & hav+ an elevation ( #c1hjj feet1 ! a%es f :i* fell on ! isl& ( ,jamaica1 di/ant #gcj miles nor?1 #fj deg4 ea/ f ! volcano4 ,! elevat$ curr5ts by :i* volcanic a%es are ?us transport$ are seldom or nev] ( a transi5t or =tuit\s "*2 & ^! results1 !re=e1 af=d u "o ( ! be/ indications ( _! g5]al c\rse4 ,?us1 ! progress ( ! high] portion ( ! trade-w9d 0 m>k$ by ! eruption ( ,tuxtla1 latitude #ah deg4 #cj'1 longitude #ie deg41 :i* cov]$ ! h\ses 9 ,v]a ,cruz ) a%es1 at ! di/ance ( #hj miles nor?1 #ee deg4 we/1 & also at ,p]ote1 #afj miles nor?1 #fj deg4 we/4 ,! a%es f ! volcano1 at ,/4 ,v9c5t1 :i* fell at ,b>badoes1 & ea/ ( t isl&1 9 #ahab1 m>k ! c\rse ( a curr5t f ! we/w>d1 :i* appe>s !re at times1 9 ! region ( cl\ds1 & may1 p]haps1 be connect$ ) ! p]man5t w9ds on ! ,pacific coa/ ( ,mexico4 ,z to "o ( ! in/ances cit$ 9 ! =ego+ p>agraph1 t ( ,tuxtla1 x may be laid out ( ! case--! direction con=m+ sub/antially to ! assum$ c\rse ( ! c\nt]-trade at t po9t4 ,/4 ,v9c5t lies ,w4 ,n4 ,w41 or ne>ly s1 ( ,b>badoes1 & a ,n4 ,w4 or we/]ly surface-w9d1 prior to1 & dur+ /orms1 is common 9 ! ,we/ ,indies z ! ,n4 ,e4 is "h--bo? alike1 bl[+ 9 opposition to ! progressive c\rse ( ! /orm4 ,!re is no?+ /range or peculi>1 !re=e1 respect+ t in/ance1 or ! exi/5ce ( v>iable & especially ,s4 ,w4 curr5ts1 betwe5 ! trades1 ) occasional p>tial cond5sation4 ,! fall+ ( ! a%es f ,cosigu9a1 ^u ,jamaica1 has long & (t5 be5 cit$1 z pro( t 9 ! ,we/ ,indies ! prevail+ upp] curr5ts run f ! ,s4 ,w4 ,b x has be5 asc]ta9$ t1 dur+ ! same eruption1 a%es fell #gjj miles to ! we/w>d1 on ! deck ( ! ,conway1 a vessel !n ^u ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,t case1 !re=e1 does n prove ! abs5ce ( ! ,s4 ,e4 c\nt]-trade at ! "t1 b only ! pres5ce ( ano!r1 & a diff]5t curr5t above or bel[ x--& x may h be5 ei!r1 & transi5t4 ,s ( ! ,jorullo in/ance4 ,inve/igation w\ld probably h %[n t a%es fell to ! ,n4 ,w41 & t !y 7 c>ri$ ,n4 ,e4 by a transi5t ,s4 ,w4 w9d produc$ by ! exi/5ce ( a /orm to ! ea/w>d1 or "o ( ^? /ates ( p>tial cond5sation ( ! c\nt]-trade :i* (t5 produce curr5ts at great] di/ances )\t a /orm4 ,n "o ( ^! cases disproves ! exi/5ce ( a ,s4 ,e4 c\nt]-trade1 & ! inv>iable ,n4 ,w4 progression ( ! /orms ( ^? latitudes demon/rates x4 ,occasional anomal\s curr5ts1 dep5d+ ^u /orm action at consid]able di/ance1 are f\nd 9 our atmosph]e1 & d\btless are !re also4 ,?us1 al?\gh ! ,n4 ,w4 w9d is almo/ inv>iably a surface w9d1 ,i h1 9 a few in/ances1 se5 a ,n4 ,w4 set at a consid]able elevation1 conv]g+ t[>d a peculi>ly /ormy /ate ( atmosph]e f> s\? ( u1 ab\t ! p]iod ( ! spr+ equ9ox4 ,& s 9 "o or two in/ances ,i ?9k ,i h se5 light cirro-/ratus cl\ds above ! c\nt]-trade1 :5 x ran v l[1 sett+ f ! ,n4 ,e41 al?\gh ! usual & almo/ inv>iable location ( ! ,n4 ,e4 w9d is bel[ ! c\nt]-trade & ! /ratus cl\ds ( ! /orm4 ,a]onauts1 too1 h f\nd ^! second>y curr5ts b5ea? a s]5e & cl\dless sky4 ,inde$1 ! ,s4 ,e4 c\nt]-trade d\btless (t5 induces a ?9 second>y curr5t ( ,s4 ,w4 w9d betwe5 itself & ! surface-trade1 9 ! same mann] t simil> curr5ts are induc$ ) u1 & e :]e4 ,a "q arises "h ( consid]able int]e/1 :i*1 ,i confess1 ,i c n answ] to my own satisfaction4 ,x is1 :e!r !re be1 or n1 an ea/]n progression ( ! body ( ! atmosph]e above ! ma*9]y ( di/ribution4 ,i h ?\ght !re 01 & t 9 set fair wea!r ,i _h se5 a peculi> k9d ( cirro-cumulus cl\d1 9 pat*es1 ! small cumuli v di/9ct & r\nd$1 mov+ due ea/1 :i* indicat$ su* a curr5t4 ,b ,i am n satisfi$1 f my own obs]vation1 t x is s1 nor is x easy to det]m9e ! "q4 ,! moi/ure ( evaporation r>ely1 if ev]1 asc5ds to any consid]able elevation1 & ! upp] /rata mu/ be v dry4 ,h5ce1 cond5sation1 if x takes place1 is ?91 & p]haps (t5 undisc]nable4 ,inve/igations ^u m\nta9s prove little1 = ! w9ds ( ! inf]ior /rata ru% up _! sides & ov] !m4 ,x is an op5 "q1 & future obs]vation may solve x4 ,! prevail+ op9ion seems to be t !re is4 ,if ! !ory ( ,o]/$1 9 relation to ! circul> curr5ts ( a magnet1 be true1 !re %\ld be su* a progression produc$ by opposite second>y curr5ts1 unless1 inde$1 x be also true t ^? curr5ts are inop]ative at s great a di/ance1 or _! influ5ce b>ely suffices to reta9 ! att5uat$ atmosph]e 9 its place4 ,p]haps ! inve/igations ( ,amp]e conflict ) x4 ,b x is wor? :ile1 ,i ?9k1 = philosoph]s to inquire :e!r ! transv]se position ( ! ne$le ^u ! wire is n ! effect ( ! c5tral longitud9al curr5ts1 con=m+ to ! circul> curr5ts ( ! wire1 & :e!r x is n ow+ to ! production ( ! same curr5ts 9 a globe by ! circul> curr5ts ( ,amp]e1 t ! globe is magnetiz$1 & ! ne$les made to dip4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,x is exce$+ly desirable1 9 a practical po9t ( view1 to und]/& ! precise "* ( ! reciprocal action :i* takes place betwe5 ! e>? & ! c\nt]-trade1 & produces ! v>i$ ph5om5a :i* m>k our climate4 ,we h se5 t ! same laws1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 op]ate e :]e1 & t analogies may be s\ght 9 ! "* ( ^? ph5om5a else:]e1 "u ! same1 or diff]5t1 modify+ circum/ances4 ,look+1 !re=e1 at ! magneto-electric movable ma*9]y z a :ole1 & its influ5ce ^u ! atmosph]ic circulation & conditions1 we f9d _m facts :i* po9t to a prim>y action 9 ! c\nt]-trade1 & o!rs t po9t z significantly to a prim>y local-induc+-action 9 ! e>?4 ,let u briefly review ^? to :i* we h allud$1 & adv]t to "s o!rs1 & see :at solution ( ! "q !y w ju/ify3 ,! belt ( int]-tropical ra9s appe>s to be1 9 wid?1 & am\nt ( precipitation1 & annual travel nor? & s\?1 proportionate to ! volume ( trades :i* bl[ into x1 ! quantity ( moi/ure !y conta91 & ! elevation ( ! surface ov] :i* !y meet4 ,s\? ,am]ica is ! mo/ ?or\ghly-wat]$ c\ntry )9 ! tropics1 except1 p]haps1 portions ( ,h9doo/an1 ,burmah1 ,siam1 etc41 on s\?-ea/]n ,asia4 ,! contra/ betwe5 bo?1 & ,africa1 z f> z explor$1 & z %[n by its riv]s1 is mo/ obvi\s4 ,! ,amazon1 alone1 deliv]s m wat] to ! ocean ?an all ! riv]s ( ,africa4 ,( ! wid? ( ! belt ( ra9s ov] ,africa1 9 ! int]ior1 we "k little4 ,its nor!rn ext5sion is less1 by f #g deg4 to #aj deg41 ?an ! same belt ov] ,s\? ,am]ica1 ! ,we/ ,indies1 & ,mexico4 ,probably its s\!rn is also4 ,^u ,s\? ,am]ica1 ! s\!rn edge is c>ri$ d[n to ,co*abamba1 9 latitude #ah deg41 & probably to #be deg41 to ! nor!rn edge ( ! coa/-des]t ( ,p]u1 :ile x is r>ely1 if ev]1 f\nd ov] ! ,atlantic bel[ #g deg41 a diff]5ce ( #ab deg4 to #bj deg44 ,ov] ,s\? ,am]ica1 too1 ! quantity ( wat] :i* falls is also va/ly 9 excess ( t :i* falls ^u ! ,atlantic4 ,! ma9 cause ( ^! diff]5ces is obvi\s4 ,! ,n4 ,e4 c\nt]-trades :i* bl[ ov] ,africa1 orig9ate on a surface :i* is ra9less1 z ea/]n ,sah>a1 ,egypt1 ,arabia1 etc41 or subject to a dry season by ! nor!rn asc5t ( ! s\!rn l9e ( ! extra-tropical belt1 z ! ,b>b>y ,/ates1 ,syria1 ,p]sia1 etc41 & _! supply ( moi/ure is necess>ily scanty4 ,on ! s\?1 ! ,s4 ,e4 trades orig9ate1 9 "p1 ^u ! ea/]n portion ( s\!rn ,africa1 &1 9 "p1 ^u ! ,indian ,ocean1 & f ! latt] s\rce1 & a portion ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 d\btless mo/ ( ! wat] :i* falls ^u ,c5tral ,africa1 is d]iv$4 ,! ,n4 ,e4 & ,s4 ,e4 trades :i* bl[ into ! int]-tropical belt ^u ! ea/]n portion ( ! ,atlantic1 orig9ate ^u simil> surfaces1 & ) l effect4 ,?us1 ! ,s4 ,e4 trades1 9 summ]1 are f ! ,s\!rn portion ( ,africa1 & ! ,n4 ,e41 9 "p1 f ! ,m$it]ranean2 &1 9 w9t]1 ! ,n4 ,e4 f ! des]ts1 ,s5egambia1 ,nigritia1 etc41 & ! ,s4 ,e41 ow+ to ! n>r[+ ( ! ,african cont95t1 ma9ly f ! ,s\? ,atlantic & ,indian ,oceans4 ,go+ we/1 ! belt wid5s1 & its range increases until ! ,&es are rea*$2 b "u _! lee1 on ! we/]n side1 a totally diff]5t /ate ( ?+s is f\nd1 & ! belt ( ! coa/ becomes brok5 & irregul>1 z we h se5 9 ! citation f ,maury4 ,! wid?1 ext5sion1 & excessive precipitation ( ! belt1 ov] ,s\? ,am]ica1 foll[ ! same law4 ,! ,s\? ,atlantic wid5s out by ! tr5d+ ( ! coa/ to ! ,s4 ,w41 & furni%es a l>ge area = ! unob/ruct$ =mation & evaporative action ( ! ,s4 ,e4 trades4 ,s ! tr5d+ ( ! coa/ to ! ,n4 ,w41 f #e deg4 s\? to ! nor?w>d1 op5s a l>ge area = a l =mation & action ( ! ,n4 ,e4 trades4 ,no correspond+ly favorable circum/ances exi/ any :]e1 except1 p]haps1 ar\nd ,h9doo/an1 & !re ! fall ( ra9 is v excessive 9 "s places1 z on ! ,kassaya hills1 to ! ext5t ( #djj in*es p] annum4 ,9 addition to ?is1 ! magnetic l9e ( no v>iation1 & ( great] int5sity1 :i* runs f our magnetic pole1 obliquely1 ,s4 ,s4 ,e41 to its opposite & correspond+ pole 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 ent]s ! ,atlantic on ! coa/ ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & trav]ses x1 & ! ea/]n portion ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 ?r\gh ! :ole trade-w9d region4 ,! table-l&s1 & slopes1 & high m\nta9 peaks1 meet ! trades successively1 z !y g we/1 & ! latt] wr5* f !m1 to an unusual ext5t1 _! moi/ure2 depress+ ! l9e ( p]petual sn[1 by an increase ( quantity on ! ea/]n sides1 sev]al ?\s& feet1 z x is = a l cause depress$ on ! s\!rn side ( ! ,himmalayas4 ,on ! ea/]n slopes & tops ( ! ,&es1 z we h se51 & ow+ to _! elevation1 falls ! moi/ure :i*1 accord+ to ! work+ ( ! ma*9]y1 & ! law ( curvature1 %\ld bless ! coa/ l9e ( ,p]u & nor!rn ,*ili1 ! ea/]n ,pacific1 nor!rn ,mexico1 ,cali=nia1 ,utah1 & ,new ,mexico2 &1 :ile ! ,&es /&1 ! curse ( comp>ative aridity mu/ re/ ^u !m all4 ,s\!rn ,*ili1 & we/]n ,patagonia are suppli$ by ! ,n4 ,e4 trades1 :i* orig9ate 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 & ! ,c>ibbean ,sea1 & ! ,pacific1 (f ,c5tral ,am]ica1 9 ! neighborhood ( ! ,bay ( ,panama4 ,b !re1 aga91 ! same effect ( elevation is se54 ,! m\nta9 slopes ( s\!rn ,*ili & ,patagonia are abundantly suppli$1 & _! m\nta9 ranges are dr5*$ ) ra91 :ile ea/]n ,patagonia & s\!rn ,bu5os ,ayres1 "u _! lee1 are comp>atively dry4 ,s ! ,s4 ,e4 trades1 :i* orig9ate (f ! we/]n coa/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 curve 9 ^u1 & aid$ by ! oceanic curr5ts1 supply1 abundantly1 ! ,n4 ,w4 coa/ ( ?is cont95t1 nor? ( ,cali=nia2 & !re1 too1 ! coa/1 & its elevat$ ranges1 receive1 z we h se51 a v l>ge proportionate supply ( _! moi/ure4 ,sub/antially1 ! same /ate ( ?+s1 z f> z circum/ances p]mit1 is reproduc$ ^u ,malaysia1 ,h9doo/an1 etc41 & ! int]position ( arid ,new ,holl& ^u ! evaporat+ trade-surface may be di/9ctly trac$ ^u s\?-we/]n ,asia4 ,des]ts ab\nd !re2 ! ,caspian ,sea receives ! dra9age ( a v l>ge surface1 )\t an outlet2 _! s\!rn l9e ( extra-tropical ra9s is c>ri$ up v f> 9 summ]1 & _! dry season is int5sely hot4 7,see an article 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 = ,july1 #ahdf1 by ,az>iah ,smi?47 ,ano!r fact 9 ?is connection is wor?y ( a mom5t's consid]ation4 ,! magnetic equator1 z s\ght by ! dipp+ ne$le1 is n co9cid5t ) ! geographical "o4 ,humboldt f\nd x1 on ! ,&es1 at #g deg4 #a' s\?1 & x has be5 f\nd /ill l[] 9 ! ,atlantic4 ,ov] ,africa x rises above ! geographical equator1 & desc5ds aga9 on ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,ab\t midway ! ,pacific1 x becomes co9cid5t ) ! equator ( ! e>? aga94 7,see diagram1 on page #hc47 ,p]haps x is n kn[n1 ) c]ta9ty1 :y ?is is s4 ,! s\? pole may be situat$ ne>] ! geographical pole ?an ! nor? "o--b ?is is n believ$ to be s1 nor c\ld x make ! diff]5ce4 ,! greate/ s\!rn depression ( ! magnetic equator is f\nd :]e ! l9es ( greate/ int5sity1 & ( no v>iation1 are f\nd2 & at ! m int5se ( ^! l9es exi/s ! greate/ depression4 ,f ?is1 ,i ?9k1 x may be inf]r$ t ! ne$le is affect$ by ! great] magnetic int5sity ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 to :i* x may yet appe> ! obliquity ( ! e>?'s axis is ow+4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 or :atev] ! cause1 no m>k$ effect is produc$ ^u ! trades4 ,! ,s4 ,e4 trades1 by reason ( ! great] ext5t ( ocean-surface on :i* !y orig9ate1 are e :]e ! mo/ ext5sive1 regul>1 & =cible4 ,! s\? pol> wat]s1 f :i* !y rise1 are e :]e tr5*+ ^u1 & ov]rid+1 ! nor? pol> ones2 & ?us1 by a mo/ b5efic5t provision1 ! great] portion ( ! habitable surface is plac$ 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 & ! pr9cipal portion ( ! s\!rn is left op5 to an ext5sive1 active evaporative action1 :i* supplies ! nor!rn habitable surface ) a l>ge excess ( ! ne$$ moi/ure4 ,! cond5sation1 & consequ5t precipitation1 :i* takes place at ! pass+ ( ! trades1 z we h already said1 ov] ! ocean & l[l&s1 takes place ma9ly 9 ! day-"t4 ,^u ! table-l&s & m\nta9-ranges1 x (t5 cont9ues dur+ ! ev5+ & night4 ,! morn+1 & e>ly "p ( ! day1 h[ev]1 9 tropical c\ntries1 are g5]ally fair at all elevations4 ,/orms also orig9ate 9 ! equatorial belt1 & issu+ =? 9 great volume & ) great int5sity ( action1 f9d _! way up ev5 )9 ! ,arctic circle4 ,^? :i* pass ov] ?is cont95t1 or ! nor!rn ,atlantic1 g5]ally orig9ate 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 "s ( !m ov] ! ,c>ibbean ,sea1 "s ov] ! isl&s1 & "s ov] ! op5 ocean to ! ea/ ( !m2 &1 ne>ly all ! mo/ viol5t1 dur+ ! mon?s ( ,augu/1 ,septemb]1 & ,octob]4 ,x w\ld seem mo/ probable t ! prim>y action 9 su* cases 0 9 ! trades !mselves1 b x is by no means c]ta9 t su* is ! case4 ,?is is ! class ( /orms ( :i* ,mr4 ,r$field has indu/ri\sly inve/igat$ "s tw5ty or m2 ,mr4 ,espy "s1 & ,lieut5ant ,port] two4 ,_! c\rse1 :5 v viol5t1 is (t5 m directly nor? ?an t ( /orms1 h[ev] viol5t1 :i* orig9ate nor? ( ! calms ( ,canc]1 ow+1 p]haps1 to _! great] p>amagnetic "*4 ,?is c\rse ,i h myself obs]v$1 9 sev]al in/ances1 ab\t ! p]iod ( ! autumnal equ9ox--nev]1 h[ev]1 m s\!rly ?an f ,s4 ,w4 to ,n4 ,e41 on ! p>allel ( #da deg41 except 9 ?ree1 &1 p]haps1 f\r1 in/ances1 :5 x has be5 ,s4 ,w4 by ,s4 to ,n4 ,e4 by ,n4 ,i "k ( no class ( /orms 9 relation to :i* ! evid5ce ( prim>y action 9 ! c\nt]-trade is /rong] ?an 9 ^? ( ! class :i* orig9ate on ! ocean ea/ ( ! ,w9dw>d ,isl&s4 ,b x is n satisfactory z to !m4 ,d\btless ! conflict ( pol>ities betwe5 ! pass+ trades is suffici5t to produce ! %[]s & ra9s :i* are ord9>ily f\nd ov] ! ocean & l[l&s1 9 ! equatorial belt2 b x is d\btful :e!r x is suffici5t to produce su* ext5sive1 long-cont9u$1 & viol5t action1 z t :i* *>act]izes ! hurricane autumnal gales4 ,!y occur1 too1 at ! "t :5 ! :ole ma*9]y ( di/ribution has rev]s$ its c\rse1 & is rapidly pursu+ its j\rney s\?4 ,x is a p]iod ( great magnetic di/urbance1 ov] bo? l& & sea2 ( m active gales & local-increas$ precipitation4 ,at ! ,magnetic ,obs]vatory ( ,toronto1 ,canada ,we/1 ^! di/urbances are c>efully & sy/ematically obs]v$1 & _! maxima1 or p]iods ( greate/ di/urbance occur 9 ,april & ,septemb]4 7,see ,silliman's ,j\rnal1 new s]ies1 vol4 xvii4 p4 #ade47 ,! t5d5cy to volcanic action is n z great at ! autumnal1 z at ! v]nal equ9ox1 = ! reason t mo/ ( ! volcanic action ( ! we/]n hemisph]e develops itself n[ ^u ,s\? r ?an ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,b bo? exi/1 & are active1 & :at are improp]ly t]m$ equ9octial /orms1 & gales1 & ra9s1 are prov]bial dur+1 or j subsequ5t to1 bo? p]iods ) u--z !y are :5 ! same *ange1 call$ ! break+ up ( ! monsoons1 takes place 9 ! l9e ( magnetic int5sity1 ov] s\!rn & ea/]n ,asia4 ,a volume might be fill$ ) extracts1 %[+1 at lea/1 mo/ rem>kable co9cid5ces betwe5 viol5t volcanic action & great atmosph]ic di/urbance4 ,p]haps ! increas$ fall ( ra9 at & aft] ! equ9oxes1 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 & 9 c]ta9 localities subject to volcanic activity1 is z /rik+ly illu/rat$ by ! regi/]1 kept by ,mr4 ,johnson1 on ! volcanic ,isl& ( ,kauai1 "o ( ! ,hawaiian gr\p1 already allud$ to1 z 9 any o!r case1 al?\gh x is by no means a s+ul> "o4 ,! greate/ fall ( ra91 9 any mon? except ,april & ,octob]1 0 eight in*es4 ,9 ,april1 ! fall 0 f\rte5 in*es1 9 ,octob]1 eighte5 in*es4 ,nei!r ! equatorial1 nor extra-tropical belt1 7 ov] ! isl& dur+ ^? mon?s2 b !y 7 ! ,n4 ,e4 trades1 & ! result 0 ow+ solely to ! int]position ( high volcanic m\nta9s1 9 a /ate ( di/urbance1 into1 or ne>1 ! /rata ( ! c\nt]-trade4 ,mr4 ,dobson1 9 /at+ a !ory to :i* we %all h]eaft] adv]t1 advances ! foll[+ proposition3 #g4 ,cyclones 7hurricanes7 beg9 9 ! imm$iate neighborhood ( active volcanoes4 ,! ,mauritius cyclones beg9 ne> ,java2 ! ,we/ ,indian1 ne> ! volcanic s]ies ( ! ,c>ibbean ,isl&s2 ^? ( ! ,bay ( ,b5gal1 ne> ! volcanic isl&s on its ea/]n %ores2 ! typhoons ( ! ,*9a ,sea1 ne> ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s1 etc4 ,! peculi> /ormy /ate ( ! atmosph]e1 ov] ! ,gulf ,/ream1 to :i* ,i h allud$1 c]ta9ly af=ds no evid5ce ( prim>y atmosph]ic action4 ,x is a body ( s\? pol> wat]1 pursu+ its way "u ! guidance ( magnetism--ma9ta9+ its pol>ity--ar*$ some:at l ! ro( ( a h\se1 by ! outw>d pressure ( a cold nor? pol> curr5t :i* x has met to ! ea/ ( ! ,banks ( ,newf\ndl&1 & =c$ to take an 9-%ore c\rse to ! s\?w>d1 & ! bodies ( wat] :i* ! riv]s dis*>ge1 & a conflict ) ! nor? pol> surface-w9ds :i* sweep ov] x1 & fogs1 & ?und]1 & ra91 are a matt] ( c\rse4 ,dr4 ,kane met a portion ( ?is s+ul> curr5t 9 ,baff9's ,bay1 nor? ( #ge deg41 :i* _h pres]v$ its *>act]i/ics & a consid]able proportionate excess ( heat1 al?\gh x probably _h be5 ar\nd ,gre5l&1 or f\nd its way to ! we/1 t[>d ! magnetic pole1 ?r\gh "s ( its nor!rn fiords or /raits4 7,gr9nel ,exp$ition1 p4 #abj47 ,! inve/igations ( ,lieut5ant ,maury %[1 t :5 ! ,gulf ,/ream turns to ! ea/w>d1 cross+ ! l9es ( decl9ation at "r angles1 z ! c\nt]-trades also seem to d 9 ! same latitude1 x is c>ri$ up1 9 summ]1 sev]al degrees to ! nor?1 & desc5ds aga9 9 w9t]--?us demon/rat+ its connection ) ! %ift+ magnetic ma*9]y :i* controls alike ! ocean1 ! atmosph]e1 & ! temp]ature ( ! e>?4#g ,!re are o!r irregul>ities :i* des]ve to be notic$1 9 ?is connection1 al?\gh ! analogical evid5ce !y af=d is f> f be+ decisive4 ,i h already said t x 0 )9 my own obs]vation1 t alt]nat+ l9es ( heat & cold1 z well z ra9 & dr\ght1 exi/$ frequ5tly1 )\t reg>d to latitude1 foll[+1 to "s ext5t1 ! c\rse ( ! c\nt]-trade4 ,su* l9es h be5 obs]v$ by o!rs4 ,?us1 ,mr4 ,espy1 aft] describ+ a sn[-/orm1 :i* 0 foll[$ by a v cold ,n4 ,w4 w9d1 ( sev]al days' cont9uance1 says3 ,?is cold air cov]$ ! :ole c\ntry1 f ,mi*igan to ! ea/]n coa/ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 till ! beg9n+ ( ! great /orm ( ! #bf? ,janu>y2 &1 :at is wor?y ( p>ticul> notice is1 t ! temp]ature began to increase fir/ 9 ! nor? & nor?-we/4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! #be?1 9 ! nor?-we/]n p>ts ( ,p5nsylvania1 & nor!rn p>ts ( ,new ,york1 ! !rmomet] _h already ris5 9 "s places #cj deg41 &1 9 o!rs1 above #dj deg44 ,:ile 9 ! ,s4 ,e4 corn] ( ,p5nsylvania1 & 9 ! ,s4 ,e4 corn] ( ,new ,york x _h n begun to rise4 ,! w9d also began to *ange f ! nor?-we/ to s\? & s\?-ea/1 fir/ 9 ! nor?-we/ p>ts ( ,p5nsylvania & ,new ,york1 "s "t be=e x comm5c$ 9 ! s\?-ea/ ( ^? ,/ates2 &1 dur+ ! :ole ( ! #be?1 ! !rmomet]1 9 ! nor? ( ,new ,york1 cont9u$ to rise1 ?\gh ! w9d 0 bl[+ f ! s\?w>d1 :]e ! !rmomet] 0 _m degrees l[]4 ,?us1 too1 ,mr4 ,r$field 7,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 ,novemb]1 #ahdf1 p4 #cbi73 ,on ! contr>y1 9 times ( ! greate/ depression ( ! !rmomet]1 9 num]\s in/ances1 ! cold p]iod has be5 f\nd to h fir/ tak5 effect 91 or ne>1 ! tropical latitudes1 & ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 & has !nce be5 propagat$ t[>d ! ea/]n portions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 a mann] correspond+ to ! obs]v$ progression ( /orms4 ,?is 0 because ! cold ,n4 ,w4 w9d :i* foll[$ /orms began to foll[ !m z ! /orms curv$ & pass$ to ! ,n4 ,e4 ,!y occur 9 ,europe also4 ,says ,kaemtz3 ,su* contra/s are n uncommon 9 ,europe1 &1 9 ?is respect1 ! ,alps =m a rem>kable limit2 = !y sep>ate ! climates ( ! nor? ( ,europe f ! ,m$it]ranean climates1 :]e ! di/ribution ( ra9 is n ! same z 9 ! c5t] ( ,europe4 ,h5ce ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! climates ( ! nor? & s\? ( ,france4 ,if ! w9t] is mild 9 ! nor?1 ! newspap]s are fill$ ) ! lam5tations ( ! ,italians & ,prov5cals at ! sev]ity ( ! cold4 ,^! facts seem to indicate a prim>y action 9 ! c\nt]-trade4 ,probably 9 connection ) "o class ( /orms !y d1 & ) ano!r d n4 ,i %all endeavor to %[ ! di/9ction :5 ,i come to ! classification ( /orms4 ,! diff]5ce ( seasons 9 ?is c\ntry1 & ov] ! entire nor!rn hemisph]e1 is (t5 v great4 ,9 a rem>kable "w ( a rem>kable man--,a ,brief ,hi/ory ( ,epidemic & ,pe/il5tial ,diseases1 by ,noah ,web/]1 publi%$ 9 #agii1 #b vols4--a hi/ory ( ! wea!r = ab\t two c5turies--#afjj to #agii inclusive1 is giv5 g5]ally1 & !n 9 a tabul> =m4 ,^? :o ?9k t e consid]able extreme :i* occurs exce$s any ?+ be=e kn[n1 w d well to consult t "w4 ,dr\ghts are describ$1 :]e !re 0 n a drop ( ra9 = ?ree or f\r mon?s1 & cattle 7 f$ ^u ! leaves ( ! trees4 ,w9t]s1 s int5sely cold t ! !rmomet] fell to #bj deg4 bel[ z]o1 at ,br&yw9e2 or s mild t !re 0 little fro/1 & p ^u ,connecticut ,riv] pl[$ _! fields1 & ! pea* trees blossom$ 9 ,p5nsylvania 9 ,febru>y4 ,^! extremes g5]ally exi/$ 9 ,europe & ,am]ica at ! same "t1 b occasionally !y 7 opposite & alt]nate4 ,says ,mr4 ,web/]1 9 summ+ up ! facts 7vol4 ii4 p4 #ab73 ,x is to be obs]v$ t 9 "s cases a sev]e w9t] ext5ds to bo? hemisph]es1 sometimes to "o only1 & 9 a few cases to a "p ( a hemisph]e only4 ,?us 9 #afjg-h1 #afhc-d1 #agfb-c1 #agff-g1 #aggi-hj1 #aghc-d1 ! sev]ity ext5d$ to bo? hemisph]es4 ,9 #afdj-da1 #agci-dj1 & 9 o!r in/ances1 ! sev]e w9t] 9 ,europe prec$$1 by "o ye>1 a simil> w9t] 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 a few in/ances1 sev]e fro/ takes place 9 "o hemisph]e dur+ a s]ies ( mild w9t]s 9 ! o!rs2 b ?is is less common4 ,9 g5]al1 ! sev]ity happ5s 9 bo? hemisph]es at once1 or 9 two w9t]s1 9 imm$iate succession2 &1 z f> z ?is evid5ce has yet appe>$1 ?is sev]ity is closely att5dant on volcanic dis*>ges1 ) v few exceptions4 ,x w be se5 t ,dr4 ,web/] 7,,ll4,d4 & n ,m4,d41 & !re=e ! rem>kable "* ( ! "w7 attributes great influ5ce to e>?quakes & volcanic action4 ,probably he is correct 9 ?is4 ,! pres5t active volcanic action ( ! we/]n hemisph]e is ne>ly all )9 ! trade-w9d region1 f ,mexico to ,p]u inclusive4 ,! ,we/ ,india isl&s are ( volcanic orig91 & ! influ5ce ( volcanic action is n conf9$ to a concussion ( ! e>?1 or ! eruption ( mud & lava4 ,its connection ) magnetic action1 & di/urbance1 is unque/ionable4 ,b :e!r !y op]ate to increase or dim9i% ! trades1 & ! ext5t to :i* !y induce viol5t electric action & /orms )9 & )\t ! tropics1 is a "q :i* fur!r obs]vation mu/ det]m9e4 ,! ripples ( ! ocean1 comp>$ by ,lieut5ant ,banv>d to t ( a boil+ cauldron1 or su* z is =m$ by wat] be+ =c$ f "u ! gate ( a mill-pond1 are met ) 9 ! vic9ity ( volcanic isl&s1 :]e hurricanes & wat]-sp\ts orig9ate1 & h be5 obs]v$ to prec$e /orms1 & be connect$ ) a fall+ b>omet]4 ,b :e!r !y are volcanic or magneto-electric1 x is difficult to det]m9e4 ,dr4 ,web/] rem>ks1 z ! result ( obs]vation1 dur+ ! #ag? c5tury1 t e>?quakes _h a ,n4 ,w4 & ,s4 ,e4 progression 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & especially 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,9 a rec5t article1 ,pr(essor ,dana has exam9$1 ) great ability1 ! g5]al & rem>kable tr5d+ ( coa/ l9es1 gr\ps ( isl&s1 & ranges ( m\nta9s1 f ,n4 ,e4 to ,s4 ,w4 & f ,n4 ,w4 to ,s4 ,e4 7,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 ,may1 #ahdg47 ,! l9e ( magnetic int5sity1 :i* connects our magnetic pole ) its opposite1 is n[ ^u ?is cont95t ne>ly a ,n4 ,w4 & ,s4 ,e4 l9e1 & ! pole is fa/ travel+ to ! we/4 ,x may1 & probably w yet1 be e/abli%$1 t !re is an intimate connection betwe5 ! cause ( volcanic action )9 ! e>?1 to :i* ! upheaval ( ! ,n4 ,w4 & ,s4 ,e41 & ,n4 ,e4 & ,s4 ,w4 ranges 7 due1 & ( magnetic action )\t1 & betwe5 bo?1 & ! cause ( ! ,s4 ,e4 ext5sion ( our summ] /orms & belts ( %[]s & b>ometric waves1 & ! peculi> ,n4 ,w4 w9d4 ,our limits d n p]mit u to pursue ! subject4 ,mu* influ5ce ^u ! wea!r has be5 attribut$ to ! spots ^u ! sun4 ,^! spots are suppos$ to be breaks or op5+s 9 ! lum9\s atmosph]e or photosph]e ( ! sun1 ?r\gh :i* its d>k nucleus body is se54 ,c\nselor ,s*wabe1 ( ,dessau1 has made !m 8 /udy s9ce #ahbf1 & has arriv$ at "s s+ul> results4 ,!y seem to be num]\s--9 gr\ps--& to appe> p]iodically ) m9ima & maxima ( t5 ye>s4 ,z ! result ( 8 obs]vations1 f #ahbf to #ahej1 he gives u ! foll[+ table & rem>ks3 ---------------------------------------- ------- ,ye>4 ,gr\ps4 ,days %[+ ,days ( no spots4 ,obs]vation4 ---------------------------------------- ---- #ahbf #aah #bb #bgg #ahbg #afa #b #bgc #ahbh #bbe #j #bhb #ahbi #aii #j #bdd #ahcj #aij #a #bag #ahca #adi #c #bci #ahcb #hd #di #bgj #ahcc #cc #aci #bfg #ahcd #ea #abj #bgc #ahce #agc #ah #bdd #ahcf #bgb #j #bjj #ahcg #ccc #j #afh #ahch #bhb #j #bjb #ahci #afb #j #bje #ahdj #aeb #c #bfc #ahda #ajb #ae #bhc #ahdb #fh #fd #cjg #ahdc #cd #adi #cab #ahdd #eb #aaa #cba #ahde #aad #bi #ccb #ahdf #aeg #a #cad #ahdg #beg #j #bgf #ahdh #ccj #j #bgh #ahdi #bch #j #bhe #ahej #ahf #b #cjh ---------------------------------------- ------- ,i obs]v$ l>ge spots1 visible to ! nak$ eye1 9 almo/ all ! ye>s n *>act]iz$ by ! m9imum2 ! l>ge/ appe>$ 9 #ahbh1 #ahbi1 #ahca1 #ahcf1 #ahcg1 #ahch1 #ahci1 #ahdg1 #ahdh4 ,i reg>d all spots1 ^: diamet] exce$s #ej1 z l>ge1 & x is only :5 ( su* a size t !y beg9 to be visible to ev5 ! ke5e/ unaid$ sight4 ,! spots are1 und\bt$ly1 closely connect$ ) ! =mation ( faculae1 = ,i h (t5 obs]v$ faculae1 or n>b51 =m$ at ! same po9ts f :5ce ! spots _h disappe>$1 :ile new sol> spots 7 also develop$ )9 ! faculae4 ,e spot is surr\nd$ by a m or less bright1 lum9\s cl\d4 ,i d n ?9k t ! spots ex]t any influ5ce on ! annual temp]ature4 ,i regi/] ! height ( ! b>omet] & !rmomet] ?ree times 9 ! c\rse ( ea* day1 b ! annual mean numb]s d$uc$ f _! obs]vations h n hi!rto indicat$ any appreciable connection betwe5 ! temp]ature & ! numb] ( ! spots4 ,nor1 inde$1 w\ld any importance be due to ! app>5t indication ( su* a connection 9 individual cases1 unless ! results 7 f\nd to correspond ) o!rs d]iv$ f _m diff]5t p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,if ! sol> spots ex]t any slight influ5ce on our atmosph]e1 my tables w\ld1 p]haps1 r t5d to %[ t ! ye>s :i* exhibit a l>g] numb] ( spots _h a small] numb] ( f9e days ?an ^? exhibit+ few spots4 ,^! obs]vations seem to %[ t ! spots ex]t no influ5ce ^u ! wea!r1 & to be satisfactory4 ,b1 p]haps1 !y are n entirely s4 ,no effect w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be expect$ f day to day1 & p]haps ! annual mean may n be s]i\sly di/urb$1 & yet ! spots may s]i\sly affect ! seasons4 ,popul> tradition has fix$ ^u c]ta9 p]iods1 ( #aj1 #bj1 & #dj ye>s1 = ! return ( w9t]s ( unusual sev]ity2 & ! tables ( ,mr4 ,web/]1 & o!r facts1 %[ t x is n :olly )\t f\ndation4 ,if we1 & ^? we h cit$1 are n mi/ak5 9 mo/ ( ! views express$1 ! natural effect ( a p>tial int]ception or failure ( ! sun's rays1 by or f ! exi/5ce ( ! spots1 w\ld be to decrease ! excit+ p[] ( ! sol> rays ^u t]re/rial magnetism1 &1 z a consequ5ce1 ! volume ( ! trades & _! am\nt ( moi/ure4 ,?is w\ld increase ! mean heat ( ! summ] 9 ! temp]ate zone--= ! less ! volume ( trade1 ! less precipitation & v>iable w9d1 & succe$+ pol> waves ( cool] air1 & ! great] mean heat4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! same cause1 & ! feebl] heat+ p[] ( ! sun's rays1 w\ld make ! w9t]s m sev]e1 bo? f an abs5ce ( a portion ( heat1 d]iv$ directly f ! sun's rays1 & a less mitigat+ influ5ce1 f ! action ( ! trade1 by reason ( its decreas$ volume4 ,s1 too1 ! abs5ce ( spots1 & a m p[]ful influ5ce f ! sol> rays1 may gradually c>ry ! ma*9]y fur!r nor? 9 summ]1 & fur!r s\? 9 w9t]1 & ?us make ! seasons extreme )\t s]i\sly di/urb+ ! mean ( ! ye>4 ,& bo? ^! may occur 9 a m m>k$ degree ov] our int5se magnetic area ?an 9 ,europe4 ,i am satisfi$ t !y d s occur4 ,t ! p>tial failure ( ! sun's rays limits ! transit ( ! ma*9]y1 & ! volume ( ! trades dur+ ! latt] half ( ! decade1 & ext5ds ! transit & increases ! volume dur+ ! fir/ half1 produc+ an occasional sev]e summ] dr\ght & sev]e w9t]1 9 ! w>me/ portion ( ! decade4 ,& t ! v>iations correspond ) ! diff]5ce 9 ! "* & numb] ( ! spots 9 diff]5t decades1 & h5ce ! long] & %ort] p]iods4 ,turn+ to ! tables ( ,dr4 ,web/]1 we f9d t a g5]al t5d5cy to extreme seasons does seem to exi/ f ! #f? to ! #aj? ye> ( e decade1 & especially ( e alt]nate decade4 ,! p]iods ( #agjg-h1 #agbh1 #agcg & #agci1 #agdi-ej1 #ageh-i1 #aggi-hj1 #agih-i1 are ^? 9 :i* ! t5d5cy 0 se5 mo/ decid$4 ,^! tables are v g5]al4 ,! !rmomet] 0 n p]fect$ till ab\t #agjj1 & did n get into g5]al use be=e #agej4 ,!re 7 v few meteorological regi/]s kept1 or accessible to ,dr4 ,web/]4 ,h5ce he 0 oblig$ to resort to su* o!r s\rces ( in=mation z 7 op5 to him1 & su* /atem5ts z he f\nd are n always entirely reliable4 ,! olde/ inhabitant is apt to express himself v /rongly respect+ pres5t extremes1 & fail some:at 9 8 recollection ( ^? :i* h pa/4 ,/ill 8 tables af=d g5]al & obvi\s evid5ce ( ! regul>ity ( ^? p]iodic conditions4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,a4 ,d4 ,summ]4 ,w9t]4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- #agja hot & dry 4444 #agjb hot & dry 4444 #agjc 4444 4444 #agjd dry ,europe 4444 #agje 4444 4444 #agjf hot1 dry ,europe 4444 #agjg v hot 4444 #agjh 4444 v sev]e #agji 4444 4444 #agaj 4444 4444 #agaa 4444 cold ,europe #agab wet ,engl& 4444 #agac wet ,engl& mild #agad dry & hot 4444 #agae dry 4444 #agaf v dry sev]e #agag 4444 sev]e #agah hot & wet 4444 #agai 4444 cold ,am]ica #agbj dry ,europe 4444 #agba 4444 4444 #agbb cold1 wet 4444 #agbc 4444 cold #agbd wet ,engl& 4444 #agbe wet ,engl& 4444 #agbf 4444 4444 #agbg dry1 hot ,am]4 4444 #agbh hot ,am]4 sev]e ,europe #agbi 4444 4444 #agcj 4444 v cold ,eng4 #agca 4444 4444 #agcb 4444 sev]e ,am]4 #agcc dry ,eng4 4444 #agcd 4444 4444 #agce wet 4444 #agcf wet 4444 #agcg 4444 v sev]e ,am4 #agch 4444 4444 #agci wet ,engl& v sev]e ,eng4 #agdj 4444 v sev]e ,am4 #agda 4444 4444 #agdb 4444 sev]e ,syria #agdc hot 4444 #agdd 4444 4444 #agde 4444 4444 #agdf 4444 4444 #agdg hot & dry sev]e #agdh dry 4444 #agdi v dry 4444 #agej v hot v sev]e #agea wet ,engl& sev]e ,am]4 #ageb v hot ,am]4 4444 #agec 4444 sev]e #aged 4444 mild ,am]4 #agee 4444 sev]e ,europe #agef 4444 sev]e ,syria #ageg 4444 4444 #ageh hot 4444 #agei 4444 sev]e #agfj 4444 4444 #agfa v dry ,am]4 4444 #agfb v dry ,am]4 sev]e #agfc 4444 4444 #agfd hot ,europe 4444 #agfe hot ,europe sev]e ,europe #agff hot & dry ,eur4 v sev]e #agfg 4444 cold #agfh hot 4444 #agfi hot 4444 #aggj wet ,engl& 4444 #agga wet ,am4 ,eng4 cold ,europe #aggb hot ,am]ica ,am41 great sn[ #aggc 4444 4444 #aggd 4444 sev]e ,europe #agge 4444 4444 #aggf hot sev]e ,europe #aggg 4444 4444 #aggh hot mild #aggi hot ,eng4 v sev]e #aghj 4444 4444 #agha 4444 4444 #aghb dry ,am]4 4444 #aghc hot v sev]e #aghd hot 4444 #aghe dry ,europe cold #aghf cool cold #aghg cool 4444 #aghh ra9y ,am]4 cold #aghi cool spr+1 hot summ] sev]e ,eur41 mild ,am]4 #agij 4444 4444 #agia v hot ,am4 cold #agib 4444 4444 #agic hot1 dry ,am4 mild ,am]4 #agid 4444 sev]e ,europe #agie ,am]41 hot1 ra9y 4444 #agif ,autumn v ,dry ,am4 cold ,am]4 #agig cool ,am4 sev]e ,am]4 #agih v hot long sev]e #agii v dry ,am4 ,am]4 ,eur4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,/ill m def9ite evid5ce is f\nd 9 ! meteorological tables ( ,dr4 ,holyoke & ,dr4 ,hildre?1 & an acc\nt1 by ,dr4 ,hildre?1 ( ! seasons :5 ! ,ohio ,riv] 0 clos$ or ob/ruct$ by ice1 f\nd 9 ,silliman's ,j\rnal1 new s]ies1 vol4 xiii4 p4 #bch4 ,?us1 we h1 f ! tables ( ,dr4 ,holyoke1 ! foll[+ annual means1 f #aghf to #ahbe1 inclusive4 ,i h arrang$ !m 9 p]iods ( five ye>s4 ,x w be se5 t !re are ?ree peculi>ities obs]vable4 ,fir/1 a m>k$ diff]5ce betwe5 ! fir/ & second p]iods ( ! decade1 correspond+1 g5]ally1 ) ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( ! spots4 ,second1 a diff]5ce 9 ! mean ( ! decades :i* may well be suppos$ to correspond ) ! diff]5ce 9 ! numb] or size ( ! spots s9ce a l diff]5ce is obs]vable 9 numb] & size1 & ! "t :5 !y rea*$ _! maxima & m9ima1 9 ! table ( ,s*wabe4 ,&1 ?ird1 !re are occasional s+le cold ye>s dur+ ! w>m p]iod1 & ^! correspond ) :at ! tables ( ,dr4 ,web/] %[ = bo? ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies4 ,9 relation to ?is1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t volcanic action is a frequ5t & p[]ful di/urb] ( ! regul> action ( t]re/rial magnetism1 & t ! extremes1 = t reason1 are frequ5tly m]idional or local & alt]nat+2 & to t cause v great extremes1 & m>k$ exceptions1 may be due1 not)/&+ ! spots ^u ! sun may ex]t an influ5ce 9 produc+ hot summ]s & cold w9t]s t[>d ! close ( ea* decade4 ,?us1 to select an in/ance to illu/rate ?is & expla9 an anomaly3 ,! colde/ season dur+ ! :ole p]iod1 embrac$ 9 ! foll[+ tables1 is t ( #ahab4 ,?is occurs dur+ ! decrease ( spots1 & ! w>m half ( ! decade4 ,turn+ to ! table ( volcanic action1 & ( e>?quakes1 f\nd 9 ! ,report ( ! ,briti% ,association = #ahed1 we f9d t ye> 0 rem>kable = e>?quakes 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #ahaa1 e>?quakes comm5c$ 9 ! valley ( ! ,mississippi1 ,ohio1 & ,arkansas1 felt also at places 9 ,t5nessee1 ,k5tucky1 ,miss\ri1 ,indiana1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 & ,florida1 ?\gh n s sev]ely ea/ ( ! ,alleghanies1 :i* cont9u$ until #ahac4 ,ab\t ! same "t !y comm5c$ 9 ,c>accas1 &1 9 ,m>*1 #ahab1 became sev]e ov] ! great] portion ( ! nor!rn section ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 & 9 ! ,atlantic4 ,no su* g5]al & cont9u$ succession ( e>?quakes occurr$ dur+ ! o!r p]iods embrac$ 9 ! tables1 & ! mean ( ! foll[+ five ye>s 0 v l[1 embrac+ ! memorable cold summ] ( #ahaf4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,cold ,p]iod4 ,w>m ,p]iod4 ,cold ,p]iod4 ,w>m ,p]iod4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #aghf #dh deg44#ec #agia #dh deg44#ifcagif #dh deg44#fghahja #ej deg44#dcb #aghg #dg deg44#hh #agib #dh deg44#dd #agig #dh deg44#aceahjb #ej deg44#gid #aghh #dg deg44#fgfagic #ej deg44#if #agih #di deg44#dgaahjc #ej deg44#bd #aghi #dg deg44#fh #agid #ej deg44#gfhagii #dh deg44#biaahjd #dh deg44#cbh #agij #df deg44#ec #agie #ej deg44#agcahjj #di deg44#ihiahje #ej deg44#gib ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean ( p]iod #dg deg44#fei,mean #di deg44#ija,mean #dh deg44#iaj,mean #ej deg44#aag ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #ahjf #dg deg44#ihbahaa #ej deg44#gf #ahaf #dg deg44#aacahba #dh deg44#ae #ahjg #dh deg44#acbahab #de deg44#bh #ahag #df deg44#bggahbb #di deg44#ha #ahjh #di deg44#dheahac #dg deg44#gjbahah #dh deg44#jjiahbc #dg deg44#eh #ahji #dg deg44#ib #ahad #dh deg44#bgiahai #ej deg44#ge #ahbd #di deg44#be #ahaj #di deg44#jjaahae #dg deg44#fjgahbj #dh deg44#gj #ahbe #ej deg44#ii ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean #dh deg44#eje,mean #dg deg44#ibe,mean #dh deg44#afi,mean #di deg44#ae ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,! tables ( ,dr4 ,hildre?1 f #ahbf to #ahed1 inclusive1 furni%1 g5]ally1 evid5ce ( a l "*4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 an anomaly or two :i* w be obs]v$4 ,f #ahbf to #ahcj1 ! mean is high dur+ ! p]iod :5 spots 7 at a maximum4 ,b t maximum embrac$ a mu* less numb] ( spots ?an ! two succe$+ ones4 ,a contra/ appe>s 9 ! tables ( ,dr4 ,hildre?1 dur+ ! e>ly p]iod1 = ,dr4 ,holyoke's regi/]1 = #ahbg1 puts x bel[ ! mean1 b ,dr4 ,hildre?'s "o ( ! highe/ ( ! half c5tury4 ,9 #ahce comm5c$ a p]iod :5 ! spots 7 mu* m num]\s1 & f #ahce to #ahch1 inclusive1 ! seasons 7 correspond+ly bel[ ! mean4 ,f t p]iod to #ahdd a gradual & slightly irregul> rise took place1 except+ ! ye> #ahdc1 :5 ano!r cold ye> int]v5$4 ,! table ( e>?quakes1 publi%$ by ! ,briti% ,association1 closes ) #ahdb1 & ,i h n access to any o!rs4 ,! occurr5ce ( su* cold ye>s1 9 ! w>m p]iod1 at int]vals dur+ ! two c5turies previ\s1 & 9 #ahab1 & onw>d1 & evid5tly ow+ to increas$ volcanic action b5ea? ! we/]n portion ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 ju/ifies ! belief t ! l[ temp]ature ( #ahdc 0 ow+ to ! same cause4 ,! foll[+ are ! means f ! tables ( ,dr4 ,hildre?3 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ #ahbf #ed deg44#jjahca #ej deg44#hgahcf #ej deg44#jcahda #eb deg44#ahahdf #ec deg44#fd #ahbg #ed deg44#ibahcb #eb deg44#dbahcg #ea deg44#egahdb #eb deg44#hcahdg #eb deg44#jj #ahbh #ee deg44#bbahcc #ed deg44#efahch #ej deg44#fbahdc #ej deg44#ggahdh #eb deg44#ej #ahbi #eb deg44#chahcd #eb deg44#djahci #eb deg44#edahdd #ec deg44#beahdi #eb deg44#ji #ahcj #ed deg44#icahce #ej deg44#feahdj #eb deg44#ceahde #eb deg44#gcahej #ea deg44#dh ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean #ed deg44#bi,mean #eb deg44#ah,mean #ea deg44#eb,mean #eb deg44#ce,mean #eb deg44#cb ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,! obs]vations ( ,dr4 ,holyoke 7 made at ,salem1 ,massa*usetts2 ^? ( ,dr4 ,hildre? at ,m>ietta1 ,ohio4 ,! foll[+1 9 relation to ! freez+ ( ! ,ohio ,riv]1 is evid5ce ( a diff]5t k9d1 b %[s ! same g5]al correspond5ce1 & p>ticul>ly ! mildness ( ! w9t]s :5 !re 7 few spots1 & _! sev]ity f #ahcf to #ahch1 inclusive1 :5 ! spots 7 mo/ num]\s3 #ahbi4--,riv] op5 all w9t]--"s float+ ice4 #ahcj4--,riv] clos$ #bg? ,janu>y4 #ahca4--;,float+ ice--clos$ #bc;d ,janu>y--op5$ #bj? ,febru>y4 #ahcb4--;,clos$ 9 ,decemb]1 :i* 0 a v cold mon?--op5$ ,janu>y #h1 & rema9$ op5 all w9t]4 #ahcc4--,op5 all w9t]4 #ahcd4--,op5 all w9t]4 #ahce4--;,clos$ ,janu>y #f--op5$ ! la/ ( ! mon?--cold4 #ahcf4--;,clos$ #bh? ,janu>y--op5$ #be? ,febru>y4 #ahcg4--;,clos$ f #h? ,decemb] to #h? ,febru>y4 ,cold ye>4 #ahch4--;,clos$ f #ac? ,janu>y to #ac? ,m>*4 ,cold ye>4 #ahci4--;,clos$ f #f? ,decemb] to #ac? ,janu>y4 #ahdj4--;,clos$ #bi? ,decemb]--op5$ #ae? ,janu>y4 #ahda4--;,clos$ #c;d ,janu>y--op5$ #h? d4 #ahdb4--,op5 all w9t]4 #ahdc4--;,clos$ #bh? ,novemb]--op5$ #e? ,decemb]--op5 all ! re/ ( ! w9t]4 #ahdd4--,op5 all w9t]4 #ahde4--,op5 all w9t]4 #ahdf4--;,clos$ #e? ,decemb]--op5$ aga9 a few days--clos$ aga9 on ! #bf?4 ,x is n /at$ h[ long x rema9$ clos$4 #ahdg4--,op5 all w9t]4 #ahdh4--,mu* float+ ice1 b n clos$--heavy ra9s & floods4 #ahdi4--;,float+ ice 9 ,janu>y1 b n clos$4 #ahej4--;,float+ ice1 b n clos$4 #ahea4--,op5 all w9t]--a little ice4 7,decemb] 9 ! above table1 means ,decemb] previ\s74 ,?is is m reliable z to ! w9t] season ?an ! tables ( annual means--al?\gh ! evid5ce !y af=d1 mak+ due all[ance = ! exceptions1 is v /rik+4 ,i %all return to ?is "p ( ! subject aga94 ,b !re is o!r evid5ce ( ! influ5ce ( ^! spots4 ,_! connection ) ! irregul> magnetic di/urbance ( ! e>? has be5 di/9ctly trac$4 ,colonel ,sab9e1 ,presid5t ( ! ,briti% ,association1 9 8 op5+ address1 ,septemb]1 #aheb1 aft] review+ ! rec5t discov]ies 9 magnetism1 says3-- ,x is n a little rem>kable t ?is p]iodical magnetic v>iation is f\nd to be id5tical 9 p]iod1 & 9 epo*s ( maxima & m9ima1 ) ! p]iodical v>iation 9 ! frequ5cy & magnitude ( ! sol> spots1 :i* ,m4 ,s*wabe has e/abli%$ by tw5ty-six ye>s ( unremitt+ labor4 ,f a cosmical connection ( ?is nature1 suppos+ x to be f9ally e/abli%$1 x w\ld foll[ t ! dec5nial p]iod1 :i* we measure by our magnetic in/rum5t1 is1 9 fact1 a sol> p]iod1 manife/$ to u1 also1 by ! alt]nately increas+ & decreas+ frequ5cy & magnitude ( obs]vations on ! surface ( ! sol> disc4 ,may we n h 9 ^! ph5om5a ! indication ( a cycle1 or p]iod ( secul> *ange 9 ! magnetism ( ! sun1 affect+ visibly 8 gase\s atmosph]e or photosph]e1 & s5sibly modify+ ! magnetic influ5ce :i* he ex]cises on ! surface ( our e>?8--,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 new s]ies1 vol4 xiv4 p4 #dch4 ,i ?9k x may fairly be inf]r$1 t al?\gh ^! spots d n occasion ! cold spells & hot spells1 & o!r transi5t peculi>ities1 !y d mat]ially affect ! mean temp]ature ( ! ye>1 & ex]t an obvi\s influ5ce :5 at _! maxima2 & !re is a t5d5cy to an increase ( ! heat & dryness ( summ]1 & ! sev]ity ( w9t]1 at ! p]iods nam$1 9 our excessive climate1 & a well-e/abli%$ connection betwe5 ! spots & magnetic di/urbances & v>iations4 ,popul> op9ion has ev] attribut$ to ! moon a controll+ effect ^u ! *anges ( ! wea!r4 ,if x be dry1 a /orm is expect$ :5 ! moon *anges2 or if x be wet1 dry wea!r4 ,su* popul> op9ions are usually entitl$ to respect1 & f\nd$ 9 tru?4 ,b e attempt to v]ify ?is op9ion1 by c>eful obs]vation & regi/ration1 has fail$4 ,wea!r-tables & lun> phases1 comp>$ = ne>ly "o hundr$ ye>s1 %[ f\r hundr$ & n9ety-"o new or full moons att5d$ by a *ange ( ! wea!r1 & five hundr$ & n9e )\t4 ,! celebrat$ ,olb]s1 aft] fifty ye>s ( c>eful obs]vation & comp>ison1 decid$ aga9/ x4 ,s did ! m celebrat$ ,arago1 at a m rec5t date--summ+ up ! result ( 8 obs]vations by say+--,:atev] ! progress ( ! sci5ces1 nev] w obs]v]s1 :o are tru/wor?y & c>eful ( _! reputation1 v5ture to =etell ! /ate ( ! wea!r4 ,/ill1 ! moon may influ5ce ! wea!r1 ?\gh %e may n effect *anges at h] syzygies or quadratures1 & ?is subject %\ld n be too summ>ily dismiss$4 ,t ! moon c n effect *anges at ! p]iods nam$ seems philosophically obvi\s4 ,%e *anges1 = ! :ole e>?1 )9 ! p]iod ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 yet1 h[ v>i$ ! /ate ( ?+s on diff]5t portions ( its surface4 ,! equatorial belts ( trades1 & dr\ght1 & ra9s1 cov] f fifty to sixty degrees ( its surface1 & "k no?+ ( lun> di/urbance4 ,! extra-tropical belt ( ra9s & v>iable wea!r moves up 9 its season1 uncov]+ #aj deg41 or m1 ( latitude1 & admitt+ ! trades & a six mon?s' dr\ght ov] x1 z 9 ,cali=nia1 reg>dless ( ! moon4 ,"u ! zone ( extra-tropical ra9s1 ev5 ^u ! ea/]n "p ( ! cont95t ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 dry spells & wet spells exi/ side by side2 ! focus ( precipitation is n[ 9 "o p>allel1 & n[ 9 ano!r--/orms exi/ "h & fair wea!r !re1 on ! same cont95t at ! same "t2 & z ! moon's rays 9 h] nor?+ pass r\nd ! nor!rn hemisph]e dur+ ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 !y1 d\btless1 pass f t5 to ?irty or m /orms1 ( all *>act]s & int5sities1 mov+ 9 opposition to h] orbit--& z _m l>g] int]v5+ areas ( fair wea!r1 n "o ( :i* are indebt$ to h] = _! exi/5ce1 or take ?\ght ( h] com+4 ,! /orm1 :i* orig9ates 9 ! tropics1 pursues its curv+ way n[ ,n4 ,w41 !n ,n4 ,e41 & aga9 nor?1 to ! ,arctic circle1 &1 p]haps1 ar\nd ! magnetic pole1 ov] gulf1 & cont95t1 & ocean1 occupy+ "o ?ird ! "t ( a lunation1 & two *anges1 p]haps1 9 its progress1 )\t any p]ceptible or conceivable influ5ce f h]4 ,yet e inhabitant ( "m-e>?1 influ5c$ by co9cid5ces rememb]$1 & un9flu5c$ by exceptions =gott51 looks up )9 8 limit$ horizon1 & dev\tly expects f ! ag5cy ( "s phase ( ! moon1 a *ange = ! special b5efit ( 8 dot ^u ! e>?'s surface4 ,^u h[ _m ( ^! c\ntless dots is ! moon at a p>ticul> phase1 or relative di/ance f ! sun1 to *ange fair wea!r to f\l1 or f\l to fair8 ,^u none4 ,! /orms keep on _! way2--! wet spells1 & ! dry spells1 ! cold & ! hot spells alt]nate 9 _! "t1 & ?\gh ! moon turns t[>d !m 9 pass+1 h] d>k face1 h] half face1 or h] full orb 7! gifts ( ! sun1 :i* conf] no p[]71 !y d n he$ h]4 ,!y are orig9at$1 & are cont9u$1 by a m pot5t ag5t4 ,!y are ! "w ( an atmosph]ic me*anism1 z ceaseless 9 its op]ation z "t1 z regul> z ! seasons1 z ext5sive z ! globe4 ,inde$1 x seems z if x 0 expressly design$ by ! ,creator t ! moon %\ld n int]f]e mat]ially ) ?is atmosph]ic ma*9]y4 ,%e is ! ne>e/ orb2 h] influ5ce w\ld be controll+ & cont9u\s2 w\ld foll[ h] mon?ly pa? f s\? to nor?1 & ) *anges too viol5t1 & int]vals too long2 & w\ld int]f]e ) ! regul> fundam5tal op]ation 9 ! trade-w9d region1 :]e %e is v]tical4 ,aside f ! attraction ( gravitation1 !re=e1 %e seems to h be5 s creat$ z to be incapable ( ex]t+ any influ5ce4 ,%e is )\t an atmosph]e2 ! rays :i* %e reflects are pol>iz$1 & )\t *emical or magnetic p[]2 &1 if x be true t ,melloni has rec5tly detect$ heat 9 !m1 by ! use ( a l5s ?ree feet 9 diamet]1 :i* c\ld n previ\sly be effect$1 its quantity is exce$+ly small1 & incapable ( influ5ce4 ,d\btless1 ! attraction ( h] mass is felt ^u ! e>?1 z ! tides atte/2 & ^u ! atmosph]e z well z ! ocean4 ,b ! atmosph]e is comp>atively att5uat$1 & exce$+ly s at its upp] surface4 ,h] attraction1 !re=e1 al?\gh felt1 is n influ5tial4 ,%e seem$1 to ,dr4 ,h[>d1 to produce 9 h] nor?+ & s\?+1 a lat]al tide :i* ! b>omet] disclos$1 b ow+ to ! att5uat$ "* ( ! atmosph]e1 nei!r ! sun nor moon create an ea/]ly & we/]ly tide1 t is obs]vable1 except ) ! mo/ delicate in/rum5ts4 ,sab9e is believ$ to h detect$ su* a tide by ! b>omet]1 at ,/4 ,hel5a1 ( "o f\r ?\s&? ( an in*4 ,b ev5 ?is inf9itesimal influ5ce may prove an error ^u fur!r inve/igation4 ,!re is a diurnal v>iation ( ! b>omet]1 b x is n ! result ( h] attraction1 = x is n lat] ea* day z are ! tides1 exi/s 9 ! deepe/ m9es z well z ^u ! surface1 & is demon/rably connect$ ) ! gr\p ( diurnal *anges produc$ by ! action ( ! sun-light & heat ^u ! e>?'s magnetism4 ,c ! lat]al tide1 if !re be "o1 affect ! wea!r8 = 9 ! pres5t /ate ( sci5ce x seems entirely c]ta9 t ! moon c ex]t an influ5ce 9 no o!r way4 ,if ! receiv$ idea ( _m1 p]haps mo/1 meteorologi/s1 on :i* all :eel b>omet]s are con/ruct$1 t a high b>omet] necess>ily produces fair wea!r1 & a l[ "o f\l1 7 true1 %e c]ta9ly might d s4 ,b t idea c n be su/a9$1 & !re is no kn[n c]ta9 influ5ce ex]t$ by ! moon ^u ! wea!r1 9 relation to :i* we h any reliable practical data4 ,humboldt appe>s to h adopt$ ! impression ( ,sir ,w4 ,h]s*ell1 t ! moon aids 9 ! disp]sion ( ! cl\ds4 7,cosmos1 vol4 iv4 p4 #ejb47 ,b ! t5d5cy to su* disp]sion is always rapid dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! day & ev5+1 :5 !re is no /orm approa*+1 & ! full moon r5d]s _! dissolution visible1 & attracts att5tion to !m4 ,! ,gre5wi* obs]vations1 also1 c>efully exam9$ by ,pr(essor ,loomis1 fail to confirm ! impression ( ,h]s*ell & ,humboldt1 & ^? em95t philosoph]s are d\btless 9 ?is mi/ak54 ,f ?is g5]al & some:at desultory view ( ! g5]al facts1 :i* be> analogically ^u ! "q1 no decisive inf]5ce c be drawn 9 relation to ! seat ( ! prim>y influ5ce :i* produces ! atmosph]ic *anges4 ,! prepond]ance is 9 favor ( ! magnetic1 or magneto-electric1 action ( ! e>?4 ,we mu/ come back to our own c\ntry & grapple ) ! "q at home4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,be=e proce$+ to d ?is1 h[ev]1 x may be well to look at "s !ories :i* h be5 advanc$1 & to a great] or less ext5t adopt$1 & at _! be>+ ^u ! "q4 ,! calorific !ory is at pres5t ! prevail+ "o 9 ,europe & 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,meteorologi/s !re & "h ref] all atmosph]ic conditions & ph5om5a to ! influ5ce ( heat4 ,! pr9cipal applications ( t !ory h be5 consid]$4 ,b )9 ! la/ few ye>s ! ela/icity & t5sion ( ! aque\s vapor ( ! atmosph]e h receiv$ mu* att5tion1 z ex]t+ an auxili>y or modify+ influ5ce4 ,pr(essor ,dove1 ( ,b]l91 :o ranks p]haps z ! mo/ di/+ui%$ meteorologi/ ( t cont95t1 attributes b>ometric v>iations to lat]al ov]fl[s1 &1 9 ! upp] regions1 result+ f ! elevation ( ! atmosph]e by expansion2 & 9 ?is view meteorologi/s ( ,europe seem g5]ally to acquiesce4 ,9 an article s5t to ,colonel ,sab9e1 & rec5tly republi%$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 ,janu>y1 #ahee1 9 ?us attempt+ to acc\nt = ! annual v>iation ( b>ometric pressure1 :i* occurs 9 ,europe & ,asia1 &1 inde$1 ov] ! entire hemisph]e4 ,he says3 ,f ! comb9$ action or ! v>iations ( aque\s vapor1 & ( ! dry air1 we d]ive imm$iately ! p]iodical v>iations ( ! :ole atmosph]ic pressure4 ,z ! dry air & ! aque\s vapor mix$ ) x1 press 9 common on ! b>omet]1 s t ! up-borne column ( m]cury consi/s ( two p>ts1 "o borne by ! dry air1 ! o!r by ! aque\s vapor1 we may well und]/& t z ) increas+ temp]ature ! air exp&s1 & by reason ( its augm5t$ volume rises high]1 & its upp] portion ov]fl[s lat]ally1 etc4 ,& 9 ano!r place he says3 ,f ! magnitude ( ! v>iations 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 & ! ext5t ( ! region ov] :i* x prevails1 we mu/ inf] t at ! "t ( dim9i%$ pressure a lat]al ov]fl[ probably takes place1 etc4 ,d\btless1 ! mean pressure ( ! atmosph]e1 9 summ]1 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 is less ?an 9 w9t]1 9 "s localities1 & great] 9 o!rs1 & x diff]s 9 diff]5t c\ntries ( equal temp]ature4 ,& ?is is all v intelligible4 ,! mean ( ! pressure = ! mon? is made up by av]ag+ all ! elevations & depressions4 ,dur+ a mon?1 %[+ a v l[ mean1 ! b>omet] may1 at times1 atta9 its highe/ altitude1 if ! depressions bel[ ! mean are great or m frequ5t4 ,! b>omet] is depress$ dur+ /orms1 & ranges high dur+ set fair wea!r4 ,ord9>ily1 !re=e1 ! m /ormy ! season ! m dim9i%$ ! mean pressure2 & x is a mi/ake to look to an ov]fl[ to acc\nt = ! fact4 ,! *anges 9 ! location ( ! atmosph]ic ma*9]y1 & consequ5t *ange 9 ! am\nt & sev]ity ( fall+ wea!r1 & ! p]iodic frequ5cy & "* ( /orms1 & consequ5t p]iodic depressions & elevations ( ! b>omet]1 expla9 ! annual mean v>iations1 z !y d ! o!r ph5om5a4 ,b x is p]fectly consi/5t ) ! calorific !ory to attempt to acc\nt = ^! diff]5ces by ano!r ( ^? ev]-necess>y modifications1 viz43 ! diff]5t t5sion & ela/icity ( aque\s vapor 9 diff]5t c\ntries ( equal temp]ature2 & !n to suppose an expansion ( ! :ole body ( ! atmosph]e & a lat]al ov]fl[ f ! place :]e ! air is exp&$1 on to "s o!r1 :]e x is n2 & ?us suppose all necess>y curr5ts 9 ! upp] regions1 sett+ hi!r & yon1 by ! =ce ( gravity alone4 ,& app>5tly he :o is be/ at supposition becomes ! mo/ di/+ui%$ meteorologi/4 ,p]haps ,i h already said all t ,i ought to be p>don$ = say+1 9 relation to ! utt] absurdity ( attribut+ all meteorological ph5om5a to ! ag5cy ( heat2 b :5 ,i f9d su* views z ^? :i* t article conta9s1 emanat+ f s di/+ui%$ a man1 sanction$ by ! ,presid5t ( ! ,briti% ,association1 & copi$ into ! lead+ j\rnal ( sci5ce 9 ?is c\ntry1 ,i c n =be> a fur!r & a some:at critical exam9ation ( !m4 ,!re is m error ( supposition & less tru? 9 x1 ?an 9 any o!r article reg>d+ ! sci5ce1 ( equal l5g?1 :i* has fall5 "u my notice4 ,:at is ! height ( ?is expansion8 ,! moi/ure ( evaporation asc5ds1 ord9>ily1 b a few ?\s& feet4 ,! atmosph]e gr[s regul>ly cool]1 f ! e>? to ! trade1 & ! increas$ w>m? t is felt at ! surface ext5ds b little way4 ,curr5ts ( w>m air d n asc5d4 ,! /rata ma9ta91 sub/antially1 _! relative positions2 & ?is is a mo/ b5efic5t provision4 ,9 nor!rn latitudes ( ! temp]ate zone1 all ! w>m? d]iv$ f a few h\rs' sun%9e is ne$$ at ! surface2 &1 deplorable1 inde$1 w\ld be our condition1 if ! atmosph]e1 z fa/ z w>m$ by ! rays ( ! sun1 7 to ha/5 up1 & ! frigid /rata desc5d 9 its place4 ,! e>? w\ld n be habitable4 ,all ! w>m air on its surface w\ld be ris+ z soon z x became w>m$1 & ! cold air above be desc5d+1 & envelop+ u ) ! *ill+ /rata :i* are ev] float+ )9 two or ?ree miles above u4 ,no4 ,inf9ite wisdom has ord]$ x o!rwise4 ,! laws ( magnetism & ( /atic-electric induction & attraction keep ! /rata 9 _! places1 & pres]ve to u ! w>m? :i* ! sol> rays af=d or produce4 ,! inhabitant ( ! valley1 9 a high nor!rn latitude1 9 summ]1 c plant1 & s[1 & reap1 at ! base ( ! m\nta9 ^: summit p5etrates ! /ratum ( cont9ual congelation1 & up its sides1 almo/ to ! l9e ( p]petual sn[2 &1 z he looks ^u ! fruits ( 8 labor1 & up to ! sn[-clad peak t t[]s above him1 c ?ank 8 ,mak] = plac+ a w>m equatorial curr5t1 a p]petual b>ri]1 betwe5 ! f]tility & w>m? :i* surr\nd him1 & ! cold de/ructive /rata above2 & ?ank ,him = n creat+ su* a /ate ( ?+s1 z c]ta9 meteorologi/s insi/ we %all believe ,he has creat$4 ,aga91 :]e are ! upp] regions1 f :i* ! lat]al ov]fl[ takes place8 ,! atmosph]e is diff]5tly e/imat$1 at f ?irty to =ty-five miles1 or m1 9 height4 ,:atev] its height may be1 x is exce$+ly att5uat$ 9 its upp] regions4 ,gay-,lussac m>k$ ! b>omet] at #ab-ie_/ajj in*es at ! height ( #bc1jdj feet4 ,two ?irds ( ! atmosph]ic d5sity1 !n1 is )9 five miles ( ! e>?4 ,air1 too1 is compressible4 ,all[+ = ! latt] & ! att5uation1 h[ _m miles 9 v]tical dep?1 ( its upp] regions1 mu/ move f "o portion to ano!r1 to depress ! b>omet] two in*es--its range sometimes 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs--or ev5 half an in*8 ,let ! computation be made1 & see h[ />tl+ ! proposition1 h[ utt]ly impossible t ! !ory c be true4 ,! di/+ui%$ ,pr(essor1 9 ! pap] ref]r$ to1 introduces 8 !ory ( ! =mation ( hurricanes1 & we quote-- ,if we suppose ! upp] portions ( ! air asc5d+ ov] ,asia & ,africa to fl[ (f lat]ally1 & if ?is takes place sudd5ly1 x w *eck ! c\rse ( ! upp] or c\nt]-curr5t above ! trade-w9d1 & =ce x to break into ! l[] curr5t4 ,an ea/ w9d com+ into a ,s4 ,w4 curr5t mu/ necess>ily occasion a rotatory movem5t1 turn+ 9 ! opposite direction to ! h&s ( a wat*4 ,a rotatory /orm1 mov+ f ,s4 ,e4 to ,n4 ,w41 9 ! l[] curr5t or trade1 w\ld1 9 ?is view1 be ! result ( ! enc\nt] ( two masses ( air1 impell$ t[>d ea* o!r at _m places 9 succession1 ! fur!r cause ( ! rotation 7orig9at+ prim>ily 9 ?is mann]7 be+ t describ$ by me 9 detail 9 a memoir ',on ! ,law ( ,/orms1' translat$ 9 ! ',sci5tific ,memoirs1' vol4 iii4 art4 #g4 ,?us1 x happ5s t ! ,we/ ,india hurricanes1 & ! ,*9ese typhoons occur ne> ! lat]al conf9es on ei!r side ( ! great region ( atmosph]ic expansion1 ! typhoons be+ probably occasion$ by ! direct pressure ( ! air f ! region ( ! trade-w9ds ov] ! ,pacific1 into ! m exp&$ air ( ! monsoon region1 & be+ di/9ct f ! /orms appropriately call$ by ! ,portuguese 'temporales1' :i* accompany ! out-bur/ ( ! monsoon :5 ! direction ( ! w9d is rev]s$4 ,! analogy betwe5 ?is1 & a !ory ( ,mr4 ,r$field's1 w be notic$ fur!r on4 ,b ,i rem>k1 9 pass+1 t !re is n a fact or inf]5ce 9 ?is p>agraph :i* w be> exam9ation4 #a4 ,!re is no su* regul> ,s4 ,w4 w9d ov] ! surface trade1 z he supposes4 ,d\btless1 !re are1 occasionally1 second>y ,s4 ,w4 curr5ts betwe5 ! c\nt]-trade & ! surface "o1 ) p>tial cond5sation1 = mu* ( bo? becomes depol>iz$ by _! reciprocal action & precipitation1 & ^! induc$ ,s4 ,w4 curr5ts are sometimes s /rong z to usurp ! place ( ! surface-trade1 & become v viol5t 9 ! latt] "p ( hurricanes2 b su* is n ! usual c\rse ( ! upp] curr5ts ( ! ,we/ ,indies1 z ! progress ( /orms !re1 & obs]vation1 prove4 #b4 ,!re c n be any p]iods ( ext5sive & sudd5 expansion ov] ,africa4 ,if !re is any place on ! e>? :i* has a m uni=mly progressive temp]ature1 ei!r way1 & is m free f sudd5 extremes1 or :i* is m arid & de/itute ( aque\s vapor1 & sudd5 aque\s expansions1 ?an ano!r1 x is ,africa4 ,no su* occasional sudd5 expansions are !re possible4 #c4 ,w9ds d n1 & c n1 enc\nt]4 ,!y /ratify ^u ea* o!r4 ,!y are produc$ by ! action ( opposite electricity1 & are connect$ toge!r 9 _! orig9 & action4 ,! atmosph]e is nev] free f ! regul> & irregul> curr5ts1 h[ev] invisible = ! want ( cond5sation4 ,a]onauts f9d !m 9 ! mo/ s]5e days4 ,!y exi/ )\t enc\nt] or t5d5cy to rotation1 e :]e1 & at all times2 ev5 ov] ! head ( ! di/+ui%$ ,pr(essor1 :e!r he sleeps or is awake4 ,we c all see !m :5 !re is cond5sation1 & x is r>ely ! case t !re is n "s degree ( x 9 "s ( !m4 #d4 ,t ,great region ( expansion is a *im]a4 ,x does n exi/4 ,x is a region ( l[] temp]ature1 & ( cond5sation1 in/ead ( expansion ( aque\s vapor4 ,! trade does n rise 9 x1 or ! ,s4 ,w4 w9d ov]fl[ f x4 ,see ! table cit$ page #afe4 #e4 ,! hurricanes d n orig9ate 9 ! surface trades1 z he supposes4 ,!y orig9ate 9 ! belt ( ra9s1 ! suppos$ region ( expansion1 & issue out ( x2 or 9 ! c\nt]-trade1 :]e volcanic elevations rise f> into or above ! surface trade4 #f4 ,?is hypo!sis c n be su/a9$ ^u 8 own pr9ciples4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ,africa & ! ,we/ ,india ,isl&s1 :]e mo/ ( ! hurricanes orig9ate1 is f #b1ejj to #c1jjj miles4 ,^! gales are small :5 !y comm5ce1 n ord9>ily ov] "o or two hundr$ miles 9 diamet]1 & (t5 less4 ,!re are trades all ! way ov] f ,africa1 & ,s4 ,w4 w9ds also1 if !y exi/1 z he supposes1 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,h[ c x happ5 t ?is lat]al ov]fl[ %\ld pass )\t effect1 ov] #b1ejj miles ( ,s4 ,w4 w9d & trade1 & conc5trat+ ! ov]fl[ ( a cont95t ov] "o small & *os5 spot ( ! ,we/ ,indies1 pit* d[n !re1 & !re only1 & cr[d ! ,s4 ,w4 w9d into ! trade bel[8 ,?is is too mu* = s5sible m5 to believe4 ,:at does ,pr(essor ,dove mean by ! t]m impulsion1 z appli$ to ! w9ds8 ,h[ are !y impell$8 ,x is ! fundam5tal idea ( 8 calorific !ory1 t !y are drawn by ! suction caus$ by a vacuum1 & ! vacuum creat$ by expansion & ov]fl[ above1 9 ob$i5ce to ! law ( gravity2 t ! ,s4 ,e4 trade is drawn to ! great region ( expansion1 & ! ,s4 ,w4 runs f x z an ov]fl[4 ,b if ! ,s4 ,w4 is driv5 d[n into ! plane & place ( ! surface-trades1 h[ does x cont9ue to be impell$1 & :y is x n !n subject to ! suction ( ! vacuum :i* draws ! trade8 ,does t vacuum select its air1 & s attract ! trade1 9 pref]5ce to ! depress$ portion ( ! ,s4 ,w4 curr5t1 t ! =m] runs ar\nd ! latt] to get to ! vacuum1 & ! latt] ar\nd ! =m] to get away f x8 ,& does ! trade1 :5 x has got ar\nd ! ,s4 ,w4 curr5t1 in/ead ( go+ to ! vacuum1 cont9ue to gyrate1 & ! ,s4 ,w4 curr5t1 in/ead ( pursu+ its regul> c\rse1 gyrate also ab\t ! trade1 & bo? move (f toge!r1 reg>dless ( ! vacuum ( ! great region ( expansion1 9 a new direction to ! ,n4 ,w41 9 an indep5d5t1 self-su/a9+1 cyclonic movem5t1 increas+ 9 p[] & ext5t1 involv+ ext5d$ & increas+ cond5sation1 produc+ ! mo/ viol5t electrical ph5om5a1 & ?us cont9u+ up1 ev5 to ! ,arctic circle8 ,yes1 says ,pr(essor ,dove4 ,no1 say all fact1 all analogy1 & 8 own pr9ciples4 #g4 ,8 !ory relative to ! typhoons is un9telligible4 ,if !y orig9ate ne> ! lat]al conf9es ( ! great region ( atmosph]ic expansion1 !y orig9ate 9 ! region ( ! trade-w9ds1 = ! two are id5tical4 ,h[ ! direct pressure ( ! air f ! trade-w9d ov] ! ,pacific1 9 ! m exp&$ air ( ! monsoon region1 c occasion a typhoon ^u any pr9ciples1 passes my compreh5sion4 ,if1 z ,lieut5ant ,maury supposes1 ! monsoons are rev]s$ trades1 !n ! trade-w9d & monsoon region are id5tical4 ,if ! monsoons are f\nd 9 ! belt ( ra9s1 !n1 ! trades1 ^u ,pr(essor ,dove's pr9ciples1 pass into ! monsoon region by attraction or suction1 )\t pressure4 ,ei!r way ! !ory is undes]v+ ( consid]ation4 ,a new !ory has rec5tly be5 />t$ by ,mr4 ,?omas ,dobson1 &1 al?\gh x is 7l all o!r ef=ts to get ! upp] /rata d[n to produce cond5sation1 or ^? bel[ up1 t !y may be cond5s$71 )\t f\ndation1 8 collection ( facts is brief & int]e/+4 ,i copy 8 article f ! ,london1 ,ed9burgh1 & ,dubl9 ,phil4 ,mag41 = ,decemb]1 #ahec4 ,x adds to ! collection ( facts 9 relation to ! connection betwe5 volcanic action & /orms = ! sev5te5? c5tury1 made by ,dr4 ,web/]3 ,! foll[+ appe> to be ! ma9 facts :i* are available z a basis = a !ory :i* %all compreh5d all ! meteors 9 "q3 #a/4 ,! eruption ( a subm>9e volcano has produc$ wat]-sp\ts4 ,dur+ ^! bur/s ! mo/ vivid fla%es ( lightn+ cont9ually issu$ f ! d5se/ "p ( ! volcano1 & ! volumes ( smoke roll$ (f 9 l>ge masses ( fleecy cl\ds1 gradually exp&+ !mselves be=e ! w9d 9 a direction ne>ly horizontal1 & draw+ up a quantity ( wat]-sp\ts4--7,capta9 ,till&'s description ( ! upheaval ( ,sabr9a ,isl& 9 ,june1 #ahaa1 ,phil4 ,trans47 ,) ?is significant fact may be comp>$ ! foll[+ analog\s ones3 ,9 ! ,aleutian ,ar*ipelago a new isl& 0 =m$ 9 #agie4 ,x 0 fir/ obs]v$ aft] a /orm1 at a po9t 9 ! sea f :i* a column ( smoke _h be5 se5 to rise4--7,lyell1 ,pr9ciples ( ,geology47 ,among ! ,aleutian ,isl&s a new volcanic isl& appe>$ 9 ! mid/ ( a /orm1 att5d$ ) flames & smoke4 ,aft] ! sea 0 calm1 a boat 0 s5t f ,unalaska ) tw5ty ,russian hunt]s1 :o l&$ on ?is isl& on ,june #a/1 #ahad4--7;,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 vol4 vii47 ,on ,july #bd?1 #ahdh1 a subm>9e eruption broke out betwe5 ! ma9l& ( ,orkney & ! isl& ( ,/r\sa4 ,amid ?und] & lightn+1 a v d5se jet black cl\d 0 se5 to rise f ! sea1 at a di/ance ( five or six miles1 :i* travel$ t[>d ! nor?-ea/4 ,on pass+ ov] ,/r\sa1 ! w9d f a slight air became a hurricane1 & a ?ick1 well-def9$ belt ( l>ge hail/ones 0 left on ! isl&4 ,! b>omet] fell two in*es4--7,transactions ,royal ,society1 ,ed9burg1 vol4 ix47 #b;d4 ,hurricanes1 :irlw9ds1 & hail/ones accompany ! p>oxysms ( volcanos4 #agcj4 ,a great volcanic eruption at ,lanc]ote ,isl&1 & a /orm1 :i* 0 equally new & t]rify+ to ! inhabitants1 z !y _h nev] kn[n "o 9 ! c\ntry be=e4--7,lyell1 ,pr9ciples ( ,geology1 vol4 ii47 #aged4 ,9 ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s a t]rible volcanic eruption de/roy$ ! t[n ( ,taal & sev]al villages4 ,d>kness1 hurricanes1 ?und]1 lightn+1 & e>?quakes1 alt]nat$ 9 frightful succession4--7,ed9burgh ,philosophical ,j\rnal47 ,9 #ahje1 #ahaa1 #ahac1 & #ahcj1 dur+ eruptions ( ,etna1 c>avans 9 ! des]ts ( ,africa p]i%$ by viol5t :irlw9ds4 ,9 #ahjg1 :ile ,vesuvius 0 9 eruption1 a :irlw9d de/roy$ a c>avan4--7,rev4 ,w4 ,b4 ,cl>ke 9 ,tasw4 ,j\rnal47 #ahae1 ,java4 ,a trem5d\s eruption ( ,tomb[ ,m\nta94 ,betwe5 n9e & t5 ,p4,m41 a%es began to fall1 & soon aft] a viol5t :irlw9d took up into ! air ! l>ge/ trees1 m51 horses1 cattle1 etc4--7,raffles' ,hi/ory ( ,java47 #ahag1 ,dec4 ,vesuvius 9 eruption4 ,9 ! ev5+ a hail /orm1 accompani$ ) r$ s&4--7,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 vol4 v47 #ahbj1 ,b&a4 ,a frightful volcanic eruption1 & 9 ! ev5+ an e>?quake & a viol5t hurricane4--7,annales de ,*imie47 #ahbb1 ,oct4 ,eruption ( ,vesuvius4 ,t[>d its close ! volcanic ?und]-/orm produc$ an exce$+ly viol5t & abundant fall ( ra94--7,humboldt1 ,aspects ( ,nature47 #ahdc1 ,jan4 ,etna 9 eruption4 ,viol5t hurricanes at ,g5oa1 9 ! ,bay ( ,biscay1 & 9 ,great ,brita94 #ahdc1 ,feb4 ,de/ructive e>?quakes 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 a volcanic eruption at ,guadal\pe1 foll[$ by hurricanes 9 ! ,atlantic4 #ahdf1 ,june #bf4 ,volcano ( ,:ite ,isl&1 ,new ,zeal&1 9 eruption4 ,heavy squalls ( w9d & hail2 x blew z h>d z 9 a typhoon4--7,commodore ,hayes1 ,r4,n41 9 ,naut4 ,mag41 #ahdg47 #ahdg1 ,m>* #bj4 ,volcanic eruption & e>?quake 9 ,java2 & on ! #ba/ ( ,m>*1 & #c;d ( ,april1 viol5t hurricanes4--7,java ,c\rant47 #ahea1 ,aug4 #e4 ,a frightful eruption ( ! long dormant volcano ( ! ,pelee ,m\nta91 ,m>t9ique4 ,aug4 #ag4 ,hurricane at ,/4 ,?omas1 etc42 e>?quake at ,jamaica1 etc4 #aheb1 ,april #ad4 ,e>?quake at ,hawaii1 & on ! #ae? a great volcanic eruption4 ,on ! #ah? a gale ( unusual viol5ce la/$ ?irty-six h\rs1 & did great damage4--7,! ,polynesian1 ,april #bb1 #aheb47 #c;d4 ,9 volcanic regions1 e>?quakes & hurricanes (t5 occur almo/ simultane\sly1 b 9 no c]ta9 ord]1 & )\t any volcanic eruption be+ obs]v$4 ,9 #agab1 #agbb1 #ahae1 & #ahea1 e>?quakes & hurricanes occurr$ toge!r at ,jamaica2 9 #agfb at ,c>?ag5a2 9 #aghj at ,b>badoes2 9 #ahaa at ,*>le/on2 9 #ahdg at ,tobago2 9 #ahcg & #ahdh at ,antigua2 9 #ahai1 an awful /orm at ,montreal1 ra9 ( a d>k inky color1 & a slight e>?quake4 ,p conjectur$ t a volcano _h brok5 out4 ,9 #agff ! great ,m>t9ique hurricane1 a wat]sp\t bur/ on ,m\nt ,pelee & ov]:elm$ ! place4 ,same night1 an e>?quake4 #ahdc1 ,oct4 #cj4 ,manilla4--,tw5ty f\r h\rs' ra9 & two heavy e>?quakes4 #aj ,p4,m41 a sev]e hurricane4 #aheb1 ,sept4 #af4 ,manilla--,an e>?quake de/roy$ a great "p ( ! city2 _m vessels wreck$ by a great hurricane 9 ! adjac5t seas1 betwe5 ! #ah? & #bf? ( ,septemb]4--7,s+apore ,times47 #agca1 ,oct4 ,calcutta4--,furi\s hurricane & viol5t e>?quake2 #cjj1jjj lives lo/4 #afah1 ,may #bf4 ,bombay4--,hurricane & e>?quakes2 #b1jjj lives lo/4--7,madras ,lit4 ,tran41 #ahcg47 #ahjj4 ,ongole1 ,india1 & 9 #ahae1 at ,ceylon1 a hurricane & e>?quake %ocks4--7,pidd+ton47 #acdh4 ,cyprus4--,an e>?quake & a frightful hurricane4--7,heck]47 #ahai4 ,bagdad4--,an e>?quake & a /orm--an ev5t q unprec$5t$4 #ahbj1 ,dec4 ,zante4--,great e>?quake & hurricane1 ) manife/ations ( a subm>9e eruption4--7,ed9burg ,phil4 ,j\rnal47 #ahca1 ,dec4 ,navigator's ,isl&s4--,hurricane & e>?quakes4--7,williams' ,mission>y ,ent]prise47 #ahdh1 ,oct41 ,nov4 ,new ,zeal&4--,succession ( e>?quake %ocks1 & sev]al tempe/s4 #ahcf1 ,oct4 ,at ,valp>aiso1 a de/ructive tempe/ & sev]e e>?quakes4--7,nautical ,magaz9e1 #ahdh47 ,:5 an e>?quake ( excessive int5sity occurs1 z at ,lisbon1 9 #agee1 ! volcanic crat]s1 :i* act z ! safety-valves ( ! regions 9 :i* !y are plac$1 are suppos$ to be seal$ up2 & x is a rem>kable & highly-sugge/ive fact1 t no hurricane foll[s su* an e>?quake4 ,! numb] ( in/ances ( ! concurr5ce ( ord9>y e>?quakes & hurricanes might easily be increas$1 b ! prec$+ suffice to %[ ! g5]ality ( _! co9cid5ce1 bo? z to "t & place4 #d?4 ,! break+ ( wat]-sp\ts on m\nta9s sometimes accompanies hurricanes4 ,9 #agff1 dur+ ! great ,m>t9ique hurricane1 be=e cit$4 #ahbf1 ,nov4 ,at ,t5]iffe1 enorm\s & mo/ de/ructive wat]-sp\ts fell on ! culm9at+ tops ( ! m\nta9s1 & a furi\s cyclone rag$ ar\nd ! isl&4 ,! same occurr$ 9 #ahab & 9 #ahcg4--7;,espy & ,grey's ,we/]n ,au/ralia47 #ahbi4 ,moray4--,floods & e>?quakes1 prec$$ by wat]-sp\ts & a trem5d\s /orm4--7,sir ,t4 ,d4 ,l&]47 #ahbf1 ,june4 ,hurricanes1 accompani$ by wat]-sp\ts & fall ( avalan*es1 9 ! ,:ite ,m\nta9s4--7,silliman's ,am]ican ,j\rnal1 vol4 xv47 #e?4 ,! fall ( an avalan*e sometimes produces a hurricane4 #ahai1 ,dec4 ,a "p 7#cfj1jjj1jjj cubic feet7 ( ! glaci] fell f ! ,weis%orn 7#i1jjj feet74 ,at ! in/ant1 :5 ! sn[ & ice /ruck ! inf]ior mass ( ! glaci]1 ! pa/or ( ! village ( ,r&a1 ! sacri/an1 & "s o!r p]sons1 obs]v$ a light4 ,a frightful hurricane imm$iately succe$$4--7,ed9burg ,philosophical ,j\rnal1 #ahbj47 #f?4 ,wat]-sp\ts occur frequ5tly ne> active volcanos4 ,?is is well kn[n ) reg>d to ! ,we/ ,indies & ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,! foll[+ notices ref] to ! ,malay ,ar*ipelago & ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s3 ,wat]-sp\ts are (t5 se5 9 ! seas & /raits adjac5t to ,s+apore4 ,9 ,oct41 #ahda1 ,i saw six 9 action1 atta*$ to "o cl\d4 ,9 ,augu/1 #ahch1 "o pass$ ov] ! h>bor & t[n ( ,s+apore1 disma/+ "o %ip1 s9k+ ano!r1 & c>ry+ (f ! corn] ( ! ro( ( a h\se1 9 its passage l&w>d4--7,j\rnal ( ,indian ,ar*ipelago47 #ahji4 ,an imm5se wat]-sp\t broke ov] ! h>bor ( ,honolulu4 ,a few ye>s be=e1 "o broke on ! nor? side ( ! isl& 7,oahu71 wa%$ away a numb] ( h\ses1 & dr[n$ sev]al inhabitants4--7,j>ves' ,hi/ory ( ,s&wi* ,isl&s47 #g?4 ,cyclones beg9 9 ! imm$iate neighborhood ( active volcanos4 ,! ,mauritius cyclones beg9 ne> ,java2 ! ,we/ ,indian1 ne> ! volcanic s]ies ( ! ,c>ibbean ,isl&s2 ^? ( ! ,bay ( ,b5gal1 ne> ! volcanic isl&s1 on its ea/]n %ores2 ! typhoons ( ! ,*9a ,sea1 ne> ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s1 etc4 #h?4 ,)9 ! tropics1 cyclones move t[>d ! we/2 &1 9 middle latitudes1 cyclones & wat]-sp\ts move t[>d ! ,n4 ,e41 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 & t[>d ! ,s4 ,e4 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 #i?4 ,9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 cyclones rotate 9 a horizontal plane1 9 ! ord] ,n4 ,w41 ,s4 ,e42 & 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 9 ! ord] ,n4 ,e41 ,s4 ,w4 ,by apply+ ! pr9ciples ( electro-dynamics to ! electricity ( ! atmosph]e1 ,i %all endeavor to connect & expla9 ! prec$+ well-def9$ facts4 ,! cont9u\s obs]vations ( ,quetelet1 on ! electricity ( ! atmosph]e1 f #ahdd to #ahdi 7,lit]>y ,j\rnal1 ,febru>y1 #ahej71 %[ t x is always positive1 & increases z ! temp]ature dim9i%es4 ,x !re=e increases rapidly ) ! height above ! e>?'s surface4 ,we may1 consequ5tly1 reg>d ! upp] & cold] regions ( ! atmosph]e z an imm5se res]voir ( electric fluid envelop+ ! e>?1 :i* is insulat$ by ! int]m$iate sph]ical %ell =m$ by ! l[] & d5s] atmosph]e4 ,n[1 :5ev] a v]tical column ( ?is atmosph]e is sudd5ly displac$1 ! surr\nd+ aque\s vapor w be imm$iately cond5s$ & aggregat$1 & ! cold r>efi$ air & moi/ure w =m a v]tical conductor = ! desc5t ( ! electrical fluid4 ,?is desc5t w take place d[n a spiral1 gyrat+ 9 ! ord] ,n4 ,w41 ,s4 ,e41 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 s9ce ! electric curr5t is "u ! same influ5ce z t ( ! s\? pole ( a magnet2 & 9 ! ord] ,n4 ,e41 ,s4 ,w41 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,! air ext]ior to ! conduct+ cyl9d] w p>take ( ! viol5t revolv+ motion1 & a tornado or cyclone w be produc$4 ,^u ! =ego+ facts ,i %all comm5t 9 ano!r place4 ,?ree !ories h be5 advanc$ by meteorologi/s ( ?is c\ntry1 two ( :i* pr(ess to expla9 all ! ph5om5a ( ! wea!r4 ,pr(essor ,espy attribut$ ! production ( /orms & ra9 to an asc5d+ column ( air1 r>efi$ by heat1 & ! r>efaction increas$ by ! lat5t heat ( vapor giv5 out dur+ cond5sation1 & an inw>d t5d5cy ( ! air1 f all directions1 t[>d ! asc5d+ vortex1 con/itut+ ! prevail+ w9ds4 ,?us1 ,pr(essor ,espy conceiv$1 & to "s ext5t prov$1 t ! w9d blew inw>d1 f all sides1 t[>d ! c5t] ( a /orm1 ei!r z a circle1 or hav+ a long c5tral l9e1 & he conceiv$ t x asc5d$ 9 ! middle1 & spread out above2 & t cl\ds1 ra91 hail1 & sn[1 7 =m$ by cond5sation consequ5t ^u ! expansion & cool+ ( ! atmosph]e1 z x atta9$ an increas$ elevation4 ,?is asc5t 0 n1 9 fact1 prov$ by ,pr(essor ,espy1 has n be5 f\nd by o!rs1 & is n discov]able1 accord+ to my obs]vations4 ,! !ory 0 +5i\s1 f\nd$ on ! !ory ( ,dalton1 t ! vapor 0 ma9ta9$ 9 ! atmosph]e by reason ( a l>ge quantity ( lat5t heat1 :i* 0 giv5 out :5 cond5sation took place4 ,?is !ory is also uns\nd4 ,no su* elevation ( temp]ature is f\nd 9 cl\ds or fogs :5 !y =m ne> ! e>?1 h[ev] d5se4 ,?us ! two pr9cipal elem5ts ( ,pr(essor ,espy's !ory are f\nd to be untrue1 & ! !ory unt5able4 ,b x 0 su/a9$ ) great ability & rese>*1 & ! di/+ui%$ !ori/ des]ves mu* = ! discov]y & record ( important facts 9 relation to ! wea!r4 ,aside f its !oretical views1 8 book conta9s a great mass ( valuable in=mation1 & w well repay ! co/ ( pur*ase & p]usal4 ,ano!r !ory1 by ,mr4 ,bassnett1 is ( rec5t date1 f\nd$ on ! influ5ce ( ! moon1 & ! suppos$ creation ( vortices 9 ! e!r above1 ^: influ5ce ext5ds to ! e>?1 produc+ /orms & o!r ph5om5a4 ,no "o c p]use 8 book )\t conc$+ to him great ability & sci5tific atta9m5t2 & if 8 !ory 0 true1 ! p]iods ( fair & f\l wea!r c\ld be calculat$ ) great ma!matical c]ta9ty4 ,b x conta9s inh]5t & insup]able objections4 ,i w only add t all h]e9 be=e conta9$ is 9 direct opposition to x4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,r$field1 ( ,new ,york1 z e>ly z #ahca1 fir/ advanc$ 9 ?is c\ntry ! !ory ( gyration 9 /orms1 & inve/igat$ _! l9es ( progress on our coa/ & cont95t4 ,8 !ory is limit$ 9 its "*1 & does n pr(ess1 except indirectly1 to expla9 all1 or inde$ any1 ( ! o!r ph5om5a ( ! wea!r4 ,z f> z x goes1 h[ev]1 x is g5]ally receiv$ 9 ?is c\ntry & ,europe1 & has be5 adopt$ by ,re$1 ,pidd+ton1 & o!rs1 :o h writt5 on ! law ( /orms4 ,! position ( ,mr4 ,r$field is honorable to himself & 8 c\ntry4 ,sci5ce & navigation are mu* indebt$ to him = 8 indu/ry 9 ! collection ( facts4 ,nev]!less1 8 !ory is n 9 accordance ) my obs]vation1 & ,i deem x uns\nd4 ,al?\gh express$ disbelief ( ! !ory has be5 *>act]iz$ z an attack ^u its au?or1 ,i propose1 ) t respect :i* is due to him1 b ) t fre$om & indep5d5ce :i* a se>* = tru? w>rants1 to exam9e x ) "s p>ticul>ity4 ,x is a "p ( ! subject1 & ,i c n avoid x4 ,:5 ! !ory 0 fir/ ann\nc$1 ,i adopt$ x z probably true2 & be+ !n engag$ 9 a diff]5t pr(ession1 :i* took me mu* into ! op5 air by night & day1 ,i wat*$ ) r5ew$ c>e ! cl\ds & curr5ts = evid5ce to confirm x4 ,i discov]$ none2 on ! contr>y1 ,i f\nd mu*1 v mu*1 absolutely & utt]ly inconsi/5t ) its tru?4 ,! sub/ance only ( ^! obs]vations w be adduc$4 ,mr4 ,r$field admits t ! progression ( our /orms 9 ! vic9ity ( ,new ,york1 is f "s po9t betwe5 ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 & ,w4 ,s4 ,w41 to "s po9t betwe5 ,n4 ,n4 ,e4 & ,e4 ,n4 ,e4 ,accord+ to my obs]vation1 except p]haps 9 occasional autumnal gales1 !y are n (t51 if ev]1 f ,s4 ( ,s4 ,w41 & ! great majority ( !m1 includ+1 ,i believe1 all ,n4 ,e4 /orms1 are betwe5 ,s4 ,w4 & ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 ,n[1 ! c>d ( ,mr4 ,r$field1 mov+ ov] any place f any po9t betwe5 ,s4 ,w4 & ,w4 ,s4 ,w41 calls = a ,s4 ,e4 w9d at its axis1 an ,e4 w9d at its nor? front1 & a ,s4 w9d at its s\? front1 & does n call = a ,n4 ,e4 w9d on its front at all1 except at ! nor? extreme1 :]e x c\ld n cont9ue = any consid]able p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4 ,9 relation to ?is1 ,i obs]ve1 #a/4 ,ab\t "o-half ( our ,n4 ,e4 /orms1 includ+ "s ( ! mo/ sev]e ones1 n only set 9 ,n4 ,e41 b cont9ue 9 t qu>t] )\t ve]+ at all1 dur+ ! entire p]iod t ! /orm cl\d is ov] u2 usually = tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 n unfrequ5tly = =ty-eight h\rs1 sometimes = sev5ty-two or m h\rs4 ,?is e "o c obs]ve = himself1 & x c n1 ( c\rse1 be reconcil$ ) 8 !ory4 #b;d4 ,n4 ,e4 /orms1 :e!r !y set 9 f t qu>t] 9 ! comm5cem5t1 or ve] to x aft]w>d1 :5 !y d *ange r\nd1 m frequ5tly ve] by ! ,s4 to ! ,s4 ,w4 9 cle>+ (f1 ?an back ?r\gh ! ,n4 into ! ,n4 ,w4 ,! =m]1 9 accordance ) 8 !ory1 !y c n d1 z ! read] c see by pass+ ! left side ( ! c>d ov] 8 place ( resid5ce on ! map f ,s4 ,w4 to ,n4 ,e4 #c;d4 ,n4 ,e4 /orms (t5 pass (f )\t haul+ by ,s4 or back+ by ,n41 & ) or )\t a cle>+ (f %[]1 ! w9d %ift+ & com+ out sudd5ly at ,s4 ,w4 ,?is !y c\ld n d 9 accordance ) 8 !ory1 z slipp+ ! c>d w %[4 #d?4 ,f ,june to ,febru>y x is exce$+ly uncommon = a ,n4 ,e4 /orm to back into ! ,n4 ,w4 ,!y d s m frequ5tly f ,febru>y to ,may1 especially ab\t ! "t ( ! v]nal equ9ox & aft]2 & !n1 because ! focus ( precipitation & /orm int5sity ( ! extra tropical zone ( ra9s is ,s4 ( #db deg4 ea/ ( ! ,alleghanies4 ,8 !ory requires !m to back by ,n4 into ,n4 ,w4 9 all cases1 :5 !y set 9 ,n4 ,e4 #e?4 ,:5 !y d back f ! ,n4 ,e4 into ! ,n4 ,w41 x r>ely inde$ cont9ues to /orm aft] ! w9d leaves ! po9t ( ,n4 ,e4 by ,n41 & g5]ally1 if x does cont9ue /ormy1 ! w9d is light1 & n a gale1 h[ viol5t soev] ! gale f ! ea/w>d may h be54 ,usually1 by ! "t ! w9d gets ,n4 ,w41 x has cle>$ (f4 ,?is1 ,mr4 ,r$field1 z we %all see1 evades by embrac+ ! ,n4 ,w4 fair w9d z a "p ( ! same gale4 ,accord+ to my obs]vation1 !re=e1 a v l>ge proportion ( ! ,n4 ,e4 /orms1 & !y are a majority ( ! mo/ viol5t ones ( our climate ea/ ( ! ,alleghanies1 d n comm5ce1 cont9ue1 or ve] 9 accordance ) 8 !ory1 b ! rev]se2 & s long z ?is is s1 ,i c n receive 8 !ory z true4 #f?4 ,s4 ,e4 /orms d n always1 or inde$ (t51 con=m to ! requirem5ts ( 8 c>d4 ,:5 !y set 9 viol5tly at ,s4 ,e41 & cont9ue s = h\rs )\t ve]+1 ! axis ( ! /orm %\ld be ov] u1 & ! w9d %\ld *ange sudd5ly to ,n4 ,w4 ,?is did n occur 9 ! /orm ( ,sept4 #c1 #ahba1 nor does x (t51 if ev]1 occur 9 ! summ] or e>ly gales ( ! autumnal mon?s4 ,9 ! lat] /orms ( autumn1 & z (t5 9 ^? :i* are v g5tle z any1 & 9 ! w9t] mon?s :5 ,s4 ,e4 gales are r>e1 x does sometimes s *ange aft] ! /orm cl\d has pass$4 ,b 9 ! w9t] mon?s1 z 9 ! /orm inve/igat$ by ,pr(essor ,loomis1 ! /orms are frequ5tly long f ,s4 ,e4 to ,n4 ,w41 & ! ,s4 ,e4 w9d bl[s ne>ly 9 co9cid5ce ) its long axis1 = a ?\s& or fifte5 hundr$ miles1 till ! b>ometric m9imum is pass$1 & ! induc+ & attract+ =ce ( ?is "p ( ! /orm cl\d is sp5t1 & !n ! ,n4 ,w4 w9d foll[s2 sometimes bl[+ 9 "u ! /orm cl\d1 turn+ ! ra9 to sn[2 b (t5] foll[+ ! /orm )9 a few h\rs1 or ! next day4 ,! /orm ( ,pr(essor ,loomis1 :5 ov] ,texas1 0 n probably m ?an f\r or five hundr$ miles 9 l5g?4 ,z x curv$ m1 & pass$ nor? & ea/1 x ext5d$ lat]ally1 its c5t] travel+ ) mo/ rapidity1 & :5 x rea*$ ! ea/]n coa/ 0 ab\t fifte5 hundr$ miles long1 & n m ?an six hundr$ broad4 ,along ! ea/]n "p ( t /orm1 except :5 by its m rapid progress ! front project$ mu* fur!r ea/w>d ov] ,new ,engl& ?an its previ\sly exi/+ l9e1 ! ,s4 ,e4 w9ds blew4 ,:5 x bulg$ out1 s to speak1 by reason ( ! increas$ progress ( ! c5t]1 ! w9d ve]$ to ! ,n4 ,e4 ,! c5t] ( ! /orm pass$ ne> ,/4 ,l\is & s\? ( ,quebec1 z ! fall ( ra91 ! bulg+ ( ! rapidly-mov+ c5t]1 & ! l9e ( subsequ5t cold1 atte/4 ,x is utt]ly impossible = any unbias$ m9d to look at ! description ( t /orm1 & attribute to x a rot>y "*4 ,) all ! data be=e him1 ,mr4 ,r$field himself has n attempt$ x directly4#h ,! ,septemb] /orm ( #ahba 0 m viol5t 9 "* ?an any :i* h s9ce occurr$4 ,my recollection ( x is z di/9ct z if x occurr$ ye/]day4 ,peculi> circum/ances1 n important 9 ?is connection1 fix$ my att5tion ^u ! wea!r dur+ t day & night4 ,!re 7 cirro-/ratus cl\ds pass+ all day1 f ab\t ,s4 ,w4 to ,n4 ,e41 ?ick5+ t[>d night ) fre% ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 w9d & floccul5t scud1 su* z ,i h s9ce se5 at ! sett+-9 ( ,s4 ,e4 autumnal gales4 ,9 ! ev5+ ! w9d 79 ! imm$iate neighborhood ( ,h>t=d1 ,ct471 ve]$ to ,s4 ,e41 ! cl\d float$ l[1 x became v d>k1 & ! w9d blew a mo/ viol5t gale4 ,! trees 7 fall+ ab\t ! h\se :]e ,i !n resid$1 ! w9d[s 7 bur/ 91 & ,i 0 up & obs]vant4 ,:5 ! cl\d pass$ (f to ! ea/1 x 0 sudd5ly light1 & almo/ calm4 ,! we/]n edge ( ! /orm cl\d 0 z p]p5dicul> z a /eep m\nta9 side1 & 0 enorm\sly elevat$1 & v black4 ,i h sometimes se5 ! we/]n side ( a summ] ?und] cl\d1 :i* _h drawn a viol5t gu/ along b5ea? x1 z elevat$ & p]p5dicul>1 b nev] a /orm cl\d4 ,no cl\d ( t dep?1 or int5sity z exhibit$ by its peculi> blackness1 ev] float$ or w float s ne> ! e>?1 )\t induc+ a deva/at+ curr5t b5ea?4 ,aft] x _h pass$ ! ridges ea/ ( ! ,connecticut valley1 its top c\ld be se5 = a long & unusual p]iod ov] ! elevat$ ranges4 ,n[ t /orm 0 b an int5se portion ( an ext5sive /ratus-ra9 cl\d4 ,su* portions frequ5tly exi/1 & ,mr4 ,r$field admits ! fact4 ,ano!r l portion1 9 ! same /orm1 pass$ ov] ,norfolk1 ,virg9ia1 & ! adjac5t section1 :]e ! w9d 0 ,n4 ,e41 & ve]$ r\nd by ,n4 ,w4 to ,s4 ,w4 ,baltimore1 & "s vessels at sea1 7 betwe5 ! two int5se portions ( ! /orm1 & 7 n affect$ by ei!r4 ,its nor!rn limit 0 b\nd$ by a l9e1 drawn f "s po9t n f> nor? ( ,tr5ton1 ,new ,j]sey1 nor?-ea/w>d1 & nor? ( ,worce/]1 ,massa*usetts4 ,i 0 ab\t =ty miles s\? ( its nor!rn limit1 & nor? ( its c5t]4 ,dur+ t day1 & ! next1 !re 0 w9d f ,s4 ,w4 to ,s4 ,e41 inclusive1 includ+ ! gale1 & f no o!r qu>t]4 ,x did n at any "t ve] to ! ,w4 or ,n4 ,w4 ,aft] ! passage ( ! /orm-cl\d1 ! w9d 0 v light4 ,:5 ?is int5se portion ( ! /orm pass$ ov] ! valley ( ! ,connecticut1 its longe/ axis 0 f ,s4 ,s4 ,e4 to ,n4 ,n4 ,w41 & ! w9d 0 ,s4 ,e4 ! :ole l5g? ( x4 ,9 its passage f ! longitude ( ,tr5ton to ,bo/on1 !re 0 ,n4 ,w4 w9d at "o po9t1 & b "o1 & t 0 9 ! iron region1 at ! ,n4 ,w4 corn] ( ,connecticut1 at ! nor!rn limit ( ! int5se cl\d1 & ow+1 d\btless1 to "s local cause4 ,! direction ( ! w9d 9 t /orm 0 9 accordance ) :at is g5]ally true ( our /orms4 ,! w9d on ! front ( ! /orm dep5ds ^u its %ape4 ,if ! /orm is long 9 proportion to its wid? 7& no o!r viol5t autumnal or w9t] /orm has be5 inve/igat$1 to my k71 ! w9d bl[s axially1 or obliquely1 on its front4 ,?us1 if long f ,s4 ,e4 to ,n4 ,w41 ! w9d on its front w bl[ f ! ,s4 ,e4 ,s1 if ! /orm is long f ,s4 ,w4 to ,n4 ,e41 & has a s\?-ea/]n lat]al ext5sion1 ) an ea/]ly progression1 ! w9d w bl[ axially 9 ! c5t]1 & obliquely at ! edges4 ,in/ances might be multipli$1 b ,i ref] to "o ( rec5t date & /rik+ "*4 ,all ( u rememb] ! dr\ght ( #ahed4 ,x end$ 9 dr5*+ ra9 on ! #i? ( ,septemb]4 ,?is ra9 fell f a belt1 half %[]y & half /ormy 9 "*1 :i* _h a ,s4 ,e4 lat]al ext5sion4 ,! ev5+ ( ! previ\s day !re 0 "s lightn+ visible at ! nor?1 & ! usual ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 aft]noon w9d cont9u$ fre% aft] nightfall4 ,! next day we _h a brisk w9d f ! same qu>t]1 &1 aft] noon1 ! cl\ds appe>$ to pile up 9 ! f> nor?1 seem+ v elevat$4 ,!y cont9u$ to d s1 ext5d+ s\!rly dur+ ! aft]noon1 ) a high w9d f ,s4 ,s4 ,w41 ! cumulus cl\ds mov+ ,e4 ,n4 ,e4 ,at #e ,p4,m41 g5tlem5 :o left ,new ,york at #c ,p4,m41 report$ t a dispat* _h be5 receiv$ f ,albany1 dat$ #a ,p4,m41 /at+ t x 0 ra9+ v heavily !re4 ,ab\t #g ,p4,m41 ! belt rea*$ u1 & x ra9$ heavily f t "t till morn+4 ,n f> f #h ,p4,m41 & dur+ ! heavie/ ra91 ! w9d %ift$ f ! ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 to ,n4 ,e41 & blew fre% & cold f t qu>t] dur+ ! night1 & till ! belt _h pass$ s\?1 & !n f ,n4 ,e4 by ,n41 cool1 ) heavy scud1 dur+ ! =5oon1 ve]+ gradually to ! ,n4 ,n4 ,e41 & dy+ away4 ,aft] ! ra9 ceas$1 ! nor!rn edge ( ! belt 0 di/9ctly visible 9 ! ,s4 & ,s4 ,e41 its /ratus-cl\d mov+ ,e4 ,n4 ,e41 & its scud to ! we/w>d4 ,! front ( t /orm did n pass ov] u4 ,x 0 long & n>r[4 ,! w9d blew some:at obliquely inw>d1 along its s\!rn bord]1 to ! ea/w>d1 &1 9 l mann]1 to ! we/w>d1 on its nor!rn bord]1 b f ! ,n4 ,e4 axially along its c5tral portions4 ,9 ! la/ in/ance1 ! w9d *ang$ f ,s4 ,w4 to ,n4 ,e4 ,?is1 too1 is impossible1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,r$field's !ory4 ,simil> in/ances1 9 summ]1 & e>ly autumn1 are n uncommon4 ,b ,i %all recur to ?is 9 connection ) ! diff]5t classes ( /orms4 ,aga91 ! mann] 9 :i* ^! ,s4 ,e4 w9ds co-exi/ ) ! ,n4 ,e41 & become ! prevail+ w9d1 t[>d ! close ( ! /orm1 is in/ructive1 & inconsi/5t ) ! !ory ( ,mr4 ,r$field4 ,9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 ! fir/ effect ( ! /orm is to increase ! ,n4 ,e4 trade2 ! w9d !n becomes baffl+1 b settles 9 ! ,n4 ,w4 or ,n4 ,n4 ,w41 9 direct opposition to ! admitt$ progress ( ! /orm4 ,at ?is po9t1 or at ,s4 ,w41 x bl[s ) mo/ =ce4 ,sometimes x ve]s gradually1 & sometimes falls calm1 & comes out f ! ,s4 ,w41 bl[+ viol5tly4 ,x ends by ve]+ to ! ,s4 ,e41 foll[+ g5tly ! c\rse ( ! /orm4 ,?us1 ,mr4 ,edw>ds1 9 ! ?ird volume ( 8 ,hi/ory ( ,jamaica1 z h]e9 be=e cit$1 all hurricanes beg9 f ! nor?1 ve] back to ,w4 ,n4 ,w41 ,w41 & ,s4 ,s4 ,w41 & :5 !y get r\nd to ,s4 ,e4 ! f\l wea!r breaks up4 ,a %ort1 sudd5 gale1 resembl+ ^? ( our summ] ?und]-%[]s1 is sometimes met ) f ! ,s4 ,e42 b ! viol5t hurricanes ( any consid]able cont9uance are1 9 almo/ e case1 z j /at$4 ,n[1 !re is1 9 our latitudes1 an obvi\s law on ! subject1 & x is ?is3--,if ! /orm is n disproportionately long1 nor!rly & s\!rly1 !re is a g5]al t5d5cy to induce & attract a surface curr5t1 9 opposition to ! c\rse ( ! /orm on its front1 & especially its nor? front4 ,at ! same "t1 !re is a t5d5cy to induce a lat]al curr5t on its side1 p>ticul>ly ! s\!rly side1 & sometimes its s\? front3 t ! latt] curr5t is1 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! /orm1 above ! =m]2 9 ! middle & latt] "p1 x becomes ! prevail+ curr5t at ! surface1 & ! w9d *anges accord+ly1 ) or )\t a calm--t ?is lat]al *ange sometimes takes place on ei!r side1 b usually occurs on ! side :]e ! wat] is w>me/1 or !re is1 = o!r & local reasons1 a great] susceptibility 9 ! atmosph]e to inductive & attractive influ5ce4 ,?us1 our ,n4 ,e4 /orms v frequ5tly h a s\!rly curr5t also1 drawn f ! ocean1 s\? ( u1 :i* =ms ! middle curr5t1 &1 9 ! middle & latt] "p ( x1 becomes ! prevail+ "o4 ,i h se5 m ?an a hundr$ su* in/ances1 cle>ly & di/9ctly m>k$4 ,s9ce ,i h be5 writ+ ?is *apt]1 ,janu>y #bi?1 #ahee1 su* an in/ance has occurr$4 ,on ,sunday1 ! #bh?1 ! cirro-/ratus 7 all day pass+ f ! ,s4 ,w4 to ,n4 ,e41 & gradually ?ick5+ ) light air f ! ,e4 ,n4 ,e41 9 ! aft]noon4 ,dur+ ! ev5+ ! w9d set 9 viol5tly f ! ,n4 ,e41 ) a delug+ ra94 ,dur+ ! night1 & aft] a brief calm1 x *ang$ sudd5ly to ! s\?w>d1 & blew 9 l mann]4 ,?is morn+ ! /orm 0 gone1 & ) x1 six in*es ( h>d1 froz5 icy sn[2 ! trade 0 cle>1 ) ! exception ( "h & !re a brok51 melt+ piece ( /ratus1 b scud 7 /ill runn+ f ! s\?w>d1 & ! w9d has be5 f ! s\?1 ve]+ to ,s4 ,w41 all day1 ) sun%9e4 ,z ,i h be=e rem>k$1 ?is middle curr5t is always pres5t1 9 ?is locality1 9 /ratus /orms1 :5 !re is a heavy fall ( ra9 or sn[1 al?\gh1 :5 ! latt] happ5s1 ! middle curr5t is sometimes f ! nor?w>d2 if x be f ! s\?w>d1 x turns ! sn[ fir/ into v l>ge flakes1 & !n to ra9 9 our "p ( ! /orm4 ,d\btless1 ! same ?+ occurs e :]e4 ,9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 & especially ov] ! ,leew>d ,isl&s1 ! middle curr5t is mo/ commonly f ! /ream ( w>m wat] :i* runs (f to ! we/w>d into ! ,c>ibbean ,sea2 z ! ,s4 ,w4 moonsoon is f ! same curr5t bel[ ! ,cape de ,v]des4 ,! ,s4 ,w4 w9ds1 :i* come f ^? s\? pol> wat]s1 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 appe> to be ! mo/ viol5t4 ,b x may be on ei!r or bo? sides4 ,! hurricane cl\d ( ! ,we/ ,indies moves confess$ly ,n4 ,w4 9 mo/ in/ances1 & und\bt$ly x does 9 all4 ,!re is an immutable law t requires x4 ,! seem+ exceptions are n su*2 !y are b in/ances imp]fectly inve/igat$4 ,n[1 a circul> /orm mov+ ,n4 ,w4 c set 9 ,n4 ,w4 only on ! left front1 & c n *ange to ,s4 ,w4 on t side ( ! axis4 ,nor c ! w9d bl[ at ! axis f ,n4 ,w4 at all4 ,x %\ld be ,n4 ,e4 9 fir/ half1 & ,s4 ,w4 9 la/ half4 ,/range z x may seem1 ! axis ( a ,we/ ,india hurricane 9 con=mity ) ,mr4 ,r$field's !ory1 & a ,n4 ,w4 progression1 has nev] be5 f\nd1 ) p]haps a s+le exception1 9 any "o ( :i* ,i h se5 a description4 ,on ! we/ coa/ ( ,europe1 ! gale is commonly f ! ,atlantic1 ei!r foll[+ "u ! /orm f ! ,s4 ,w41 or bl[+ 9 diagonally f ! ,w4 or ,n4 ,w42 ! ,n4 ,e4 w9d ( we/]n ,europe be+ a cold1 dry w9d1 :i* !re is reason to believe has be5 ar\nd ! ,sib]ian pole & is return+1 z ! cold nor!rly w9ds ( ! ,nor? ,pacific h ar\nd ! ,nor? ,am]ican magnetic pole4 ,if ! ,n4 ,e4 w9ds always prevail$1 says ,kaemtz1 speak+ ( ,b]l91 ev5 at a consid]able height x w\ld nev] ra94 ,?is 0 bas$ on an obs]vation ( %[]s1 & n fully reliable4 ,b ! dry & cool "* ( ! ,n4 ,e4 w9d ( we/]n ,europe is unque/ionable4 ,! ,s4 ,e4 w9d is also a /orm w9d1 b ow+ to ! "* ( ! surface f :i* x is attract$1 x is n z viol5t z ! we/]ly w9ds are4 ,su*1 too1 is ! g5]al c\rse & "* ( ! side w9d 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,!re gales are less frequ5t1 ! magnetic int5sity is less1 ! c\nt]-trades are less2 x is n 9 ! ord] ( ,provid5ce t z mu* ra9 %all fall !re4 ,nev]!less1 gales occur1 al?\gh r>ely1 if ev]1 ) equal viol5ce4 ,ab\t ,new ,holl&1 :]e /orms are pursu+ a ,s4 ,e4 c\rse1 !y h ! w9d ,n4 ,e41 correspond+ to our ,s4 ,e41 ve]+ f !nce1 by ! nor?1 to ! we/w>d1 cle>+ (f f ,s4 ,w41 ) a ris+ b>omet]1 z ours d f ,n4 ,w4 ,9 ! ,bay ( ,b5gal1 ! ,indian ,ocean1 & ! ,arabian ,sea1 !re is m irregul>ity4 ,b ! law ( progress & lat]al w9ds c be di/9ctly trac$ z pres5t & prevail+1 not)/&+ ! irregul>ities4 ,our limits d n p]mit an analysis4 ,9 ! celebrat$ case ( ! ,*>les ,h$dle1 !re 0 mu* evid5ce to %[ t %e 0 driv5 across ! front ( ! /orm by "o lat]al w9d1 & back by ano!r4 7,diagram ( ,colonel ,reid1 p4 #bjf47 ,! wat]s ( ! ,indian ,ocean are hot & conf9$4 ,/orms !re are (t5 compos$ ( deta*$ masses1 move sl[]--sometimes n m ?an ?ree or f\r miles an h\r--& !y curve ov] ! ocean1 :]e x is hott] ?an 9 any simil> latitude4 ,yet1 not)/&+ all peculi>ities & irregul>ities1 ! law we h be5 consid]+ is probably ! prevail+ law !re4 ,no man kn[s bett] ! exi/5ce ( ^! diff]5t curr5ts ?an ,mr4 ,r$field4 ,d\btless x has escap$ 8 att5tion t ! upp] ( two1 aft] ! passage ( a consid]able proportion ( ! /orm1 becomes ! l[]1 & causes a seem+ *ange ( ! same w9d4 ,9 a s]ies ( elaborate articles1 sub/antially review+ ! :ole subject1 publi%$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 = #ahdf1 he says3 ,9 ne>ly all great /orms :i* are accompani$ ) ra91 !re appe> two di/9ct classes ( cl\ds1 "o ( :i*1 compris+ ! /orm scuds 9 ! active portion ( ! gale1 has already be5 notic$4 ,above ?is is an ext5d$ /ratum ( /ratus cl\d1 :i* is f\nd mov+ ) ! g5]al or local curr5t ( ! l[] atmosph]e :i* ov]lies ! /orm4 ,x cov]s n only ! area ( ra91 b (t5 ext5ds greatly beyond ?is limit1 ov] a "p ( ! dry portion ( ! /orm1 p>tly 9 a brok5 or deta*$ /ate4 ,?is /ratus cl\d is (t5 conceal$ f view by ! nimbus1 & scud cl\ds 9 ! ra9y portion ( ! /orm1 b by c>eful obs]vations1 may be suffici5tly notic$ to det]m9e ! g5]al uni=mity ( its specific c\rse1 &1 approximately1 its g5]al elevation4 ,! m usual c\rse ( ?is ext5d$ cl\d /ratum1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 is f "s po9t 9 ! horizon betwe5 ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 & ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 ,its c\rse & velocity d n appe> influ5c$ 9 any p]ceptible degree by ! activity or direction ( ! /orm-w9d :i* prevails b5ea? x4 ,on ! po/]ior or dry side ( ! gale1 x (t5 disappe>s be=e ! arrival ( ! newly cond5s$ cumuli & cumulo-/ratus :i* n unfrequ5tly float 9 ! cold] w9ds1 on ?is side ( ! gale4 ,! g5]al height ( ! great /ratus cl\d :i* cov]s a /orm1 9 ^? p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates :i* are ne> ! ,atlantic1 c n diff] greatly f "o mile2 & p]haps is (t5] bel[ ?an above ?is elevation4 ,?is e/imate1 :i* is f\nd$ on mu* obs]vation & comp>ison1 appe>s to comprise1 at ! lea/1 ! limit or ?ickness ( ! prop] /orm-w9d1 :i* con/itutes ! revolv+ gale4 ,x is n suppos$1 h[ev]1 t ?is disk-l /ratum ( revolv+ w9d is ( equal height or ?ickness ?r\gh\t its ext5t1 nor t x always rea*es ne> to ! ma9 canopy ( /ratus cl\d4 ,x is probably high] 9 ! m c5tral portions ( ! gale ?an ne> its bord]s1 9 ! l[ latitudes1 ?an 9 ! high]1 & may ?9 out entirely at ! extremes1 except 9 ^? directions :]e x co9cides ) an ord9>y curr5t4 ,moreov]1 9 l>ge portions ( its area1 !re may be1 & (t5 is1 m ?an "o /orm-w9d ov]ly+ ano!r1 & sev]ally p]ta9+ to contigu\s /orms4 ,9 ! pres5t case1 we see1 f ! obs]vations ( ,pr(essor ,snell & ,mr4 ,h]rick1 at ,amh]/1 ,massa*usetts1 & at ,hamd51 ,ma9e 7#aae & #ace b471 t ! true /orm w9d1 at ^? places1 0 sup]-impos$ on ano!r w9d2 & v>i\s facts & obs]vations may be adduc$ to %[ t brisk w9ds1 ( great horizontal ext5t1 are (t5 limit$1 v]tically to a v ?9 %eet or /ratum4 ,mu* ( ! =ego+ is graphically describ$1 & unque/ionably true4 ,b x may well be ask$ h[ he1 or o!rs1 di/+ui% :i* ( two or m curr5ts 7= !re are frequ5tly ?ree1 & sometimes f\r visible71 are ! true curr5ts ( ! /orm1 & :i* int]lop]s f ano!r /orm8 ,is ! true "o always ! upp] "o1 & :y8 ,if ! upp] "o1 :y is ! int]lop] at ! surface not$ & quot$ to prove :at a /orm is8 ,h[ does he "k :at proportions ( ! w9ds he has record$ to %[ ! revolv+ motion ( gales1 7 ! true /orm w9ds ( ! p>ticul> /orm8 or1 t e "o ( !m 0 n an int]lop+ w9d on :i* ! true /orm w9d 0 sup]impos$8 ,^! inquiries are p]t95t1 = obvi\sly1 unless "s rule = di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! curr5ts is giv51 & !re be evid5ce ( direct obs]vation to %[ t ! surface w9d1 ^: direction is not$1 is ! true w9d ( ! /orm1 & t ! latt] is n sup]impos$1 no reliance c be plac$ ^u logs1 or newspap] acc\nts1 or regi/]s4 ,!re is ano!r elem5t besides direction1 viz43 sup]imposition1 a det]m9ation ( :i* is ess5tial to tru?4 ,x w be difficult = ,mr4 ,r$field to say t a det]m9ation ( t elem5t has be5 made1 ) c]ta9ty1 9 a s+le /orm he has inve/igat$2 & 9 relation to ! conv]g5ce ( /orms1 & bl5d+1 & sup]imposition ( _! w9ds1 ,i ?9k he is mi/ak54 ,mr4 ,r$field is "r 9 say+ 7,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 vol4 ii41 new s]ies1 p4 #cba7 t too mu* reliance may be plac$ ^u m]e obs]vations ( ! surface w9ds 9 meteorological inquiries1 & yet !y only h ?us f> be5 reg>d$1 & he has prov$ gyration 9 no o!r way4 ,i h frequ5tly1 ) a vane 9 sight1 ask$ intellig5t m5 h[ ! w9d 01 & be5 amus$ & in/ruct$ by _! inability to /ate x correctly4 ,mr4 ,r$field1 9 8 inquiries1 (t5 f\nd two reports ( ! wea!r at ! same "t1 f ! same place1 mat]ially diff]5t2 & ,i h kn[n1 f my own obs]vation1 newspap]s & meteorological regi/]s to be sev]al po9ts out ( ! way2 & ?is1 because ! vanes are influ5c$ by local elevations1 & *ange sev]al po9ts1 & v (t52 because few "k ! exact po9ts ( ! compass 9 _! own localities1 & because entire accuracy has n be5 deem$ ess5tial4 ,= ^! reasons1 newspap] & telegraphic reports are n always reliable2 & !re=e1 & because1 also1 /orm-w9ds are ea/]ly & fair w9ds we/]ly1 & ! =m] ve] f ea/ ar\nd to we/1 on "o or bo? sides 9 _m cases1 !re are few /orms :i* c n be repres5t$ z :irlw9ds1 by a prop] selection ( reports1 a correspond+ location ( ! c5t]1 & an ext5sion ( ! l9es ( suppos$ gyration1 s z to include ! prec$+ w9ds1 ! actual w9ds ( ! /orm1 & ! lat]al1 & succe$+ fair wea!r ones4 ,b1 aga91 ,mr4 ,r$field is "r 9 say+ !re is1 9 su* cases1 an ext5d$ /ratum ( /ratus cl\d1 & x is always pres5t4 ,b :y does he say ?is cov]s ! /orm8 ,is x di/9ct f x1 & if s1 :at is x do+ !re8 ,:at p[] plac$ x !re1 & = :at purpose8 ,has ?is ext5d$ /ratum ( cl\d1 :i* =ms ! canopy ( a va/ *amb]--five hundr$ to "o ?\s& miles 9 diamet]1 & less ?an two miles 9 v]tical dep?1 :ile ! e>? =ms ! floor--any ag5cy 9 produc+ ! :irl t is suppos$ to be go+ on )9 x1 & if s1 :at8 ,has ! e>? any ag5cy1 & if s1 :at8 ,if nei!r ! ceil+ nor floor ( ! *amb] h any ag5cy 9 produc+ x1 :at does8 ,are we to consid] ! /orm-scud z possess+ ! p[]1 & z waltz+ ar\nd ! a]ial *amb]1 c>ry+ ! air ) !m 9 a hurricane-dance ( deva/ation8 ,:at1 9 %ort1 is ! p[]1 & h[ is x ex]t$8 ,to ^! que/ions1 ,mr4 ,r$field's essays furni% no compreh5sive answ]4 ,!re is an intimation t ! cause ( /orms w be1 at "s future day1 develop$4 ,"o attempt1 & b "o1 has ?us f> be5 made1 & t ,i quote entire3 ,we h se5 t ! two ,cuba /orms1 z well z ! ,mexican nor!rs1 h appe>$ to come f ! contigu\s bord] ( ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,n[1 are !re any peculi>ities 9 ! w9ds & a]ial curr5ts ( ^? regions1 :i* may s]ve to induce or support a leftwise rotation 9 ext5sive portions ( ! l[] atmosph]e1 :ile mov+ on1 or ne> ! e>?'s surface8 ,i appreh5d !re are su* peculi>ities1 :i* h an ext5sive1 con/ant1 & p[]ful influ5ce4 ,fir/1 we f9d on ! ea/]n portion ( ! ,pacific1 f upp] ,cali=nia to ne> ! ,bay ( ,panama1 an almo/ con/ant preval5ce ( nor?-we/]ly w9ds at ! e>?'s surface4 ,next1 we h an equally con/ant w9d f ! s\!rn & s\?-we/]n qu>t]1 :i*1 hav+ swept ! we/]n coa/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 ext5ds across ! equator to ! vic9ity ( ,panama1 ?us meet+1 & commonly ov]-slid+ ! above-m5tion$ we/]ly w9ds1 & t5d+ to a deflection or rotation ( ! same1 f "r to left4 ,z ?is influ5ce may ?us become ext5d$ to ! ,c>ibbean or ,honduras ,sea1 we h1 next1 ! upp] or ,s4 ,e4 trade ( ?is sea1 :i* is "h frequ5tly a surface-w9d1 & mu/ t5d to aid & quick5 ! gyrative movem5t1 ascrib$ to ! two previ\s w9ds2 & la/ly we h ! ,n4 ,e4 or l[] trade1 f ! tropic1 :i*1 co9cid+ ) ! nor!rn front ( ! gyration1 s]ves /ill fur!r to promote ! revolv+ movem5t :i* may ?us result f ! p>tial coalesc5ce ( ^! great w9ds ( ,c5tral ,am]ica1 & ! contigu\s seas4 ,?us1 :ile a great /orm is1 9 "p1 on ! ,pacific ,ocean1 its ,n4 ,e4 w9d may be felt 9 great =ce on t side ( ! cont95t1 ?r\gh ! great gorges or depressions ne> ! bays ( ,papagayo or ,tehuantepec1 z notic$ by ,humboldt1 ,capta9 ,basil ,hall1 & o!rs1 ! elevations :i* !re sep>ate ! two seas be+ b inconsid]able2 &1 :5 ! gyration is once p]fect$1 ! :ole mass w gradually assume ! movem5t ( ! pr$om9ant curr5t1 :i* is g5]ally ! high] "o1 & w move (f ) x1 integrally1 z we see 9 ! cases ( ! vortices1 :i* are successively f\nd 9 p>ticul> portions ( a /ream1 :]e subject to di/urb+ influ5ces4 ,! analogy betwe5 ?is & ! !ory ( ,pr(essor ,dove1 cit$ above1 & prior1 9 po9t ( "t1 is obvi\s4 ,!y are sub/antially alike 9 pr9ciple1 ) diff]5t locations4 ,!y diff] also 9 ?is1 ,pr(essor ,dove appe>s to ?9k some?+ m ?an ov]-slid+ necess>y1 & assigns ! duty ( cr[d+ ! upp] curr5t d[n 9 to ! l[]1 to make an enc\nt]1 to a lat]al ov]fl[ f ,africa4 ,mr4 ,r$field seems to ?9k !re may be a t5d5cy to deflection :5 !y ov]-slide ea* o!r4 ,!y are bo? closet hypo!ses1 ! poetry ( meteorology1 ) some?+ m ?an poetical lic5se z to facts4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 no su* concurr+ w9ds exi/ 9 ! same locality at ! same "t4 ,:5 ! int]-tropical belt ( ra9s is ov] ,c5tral ,am]ica & ,s\!rn ,mexico1 a ,s4 ,w4 monsoon bl[s 9 "u x1 b x usurps ! place ( all o!r surface w9ds2 &1 :5 ! belt is abs5t1 t portion ( ! ea/]n ,pacific is mo/ rem>kably calm1 or is cov]$ by ! ,n4 ,e4 trades4 ,secondly1 ! trade-w9ds e :]e pursue _! appo9t$ c\rse )\t t5d5cy to deflection by ! meet+1 or ov]-slid+1 or break+ 91 or enc\nt]1 ( o!r w9ds4 ,! great laws ( circulation d n admit ( any su* confusion4 ,&1 la/ly1 no /orm ev] came ov] ! ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates f t qu>t]4 ,! un*angeable laws ( atmosph]ic circulation =bid x4 ,rec5t obs]vations also h %[n t ! /orms on ! we/ coa/ ( ,c5tral ,am]ica1 & ! ea/]n ,pacific1 pursue a ,n4 ,w4 c\rse1 precisely z 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 & e :]e ov] ! surface-trades ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,inde$ ,mr4 ,r$field himself has rec5tly inve/igat$ sev]al ( !m1 & admits _! c\rse to be nor?-we/]ly4 7,see ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 new s]ies1 vol4 xviii4 p4 #aha47 ,b1 suppose ! co-exi/5ce ( ! w9ds & ! c\rse ( ! /orms admitt$ z claim$1 let u seek = cle>] views4 ,:at d ^! g5tlem5 mean8 ,d !y int5d to h u believe ! air has inh]5t mov+ p[]1 & t ! t5d5cy ( :i* !y speak is an attribute ( ! w9ds1 & t :5 !y ?us meet1 & come into ea* o!r1 enc\nt]1 or ov]-slide1 & become acqua9t$1 !y :eel into a waltz1 & move (f nor?w>d1 integrally1 ) unceas+ circul> movem5t1 ev5 until !y arrive at ! ,arctic circle8 ,or is x a m]e me*anical effect ( meet+1 com+ into ea* o!r1 or ov]-slid+8 ,if ! latt]1 :y a t5d5cy to rotation f "r to left8 ,! trade-w9ds1 at lea/1 are cont9u\s1 unbrok5 %eets1 & n disconnect$ portions :i* meet & bl[ pa/ ea* o!r1 & !re is no w>rant = plac+ !m side & side1 & attribut+ to !m any su* me*anical effect1 & z little respect+ ! o!r w9ds4 ,outside ( ! fanciful hypo!sis1 !re are no facts to %[ su* a t5d5cy "o way r ?an ! o!r2 &1 9 accordance ) ! kn[n facts reg>d+ /ratification ( ! curr5ts ( air1 no su* t5d5cy c exi/4 ,b :at p[] impels ! w9ds1 :i* ?us meet at ^! po9ts8 ,if !y be impell$1 is x consi/5t ) ! action ( ?is p[] t ! w9ds x has creat$ & controls1 %\ld ?us assume an opposite t5d5cy1 & :irl away to ! nor?-ea/w>d1 reg>dless ( ! p[] t orig9at$ & controls !m8 ,:at mu/ ?is t5d5cy be1 :i* ?us occasionally n only div]ts ! w9ds f ! usually regul> c\rse giv5 !m by _! orig9at+ p[]1 b increases _! action1 f g5tle1 ord9>y w9ds1 to hurricanes8 ,nay1 :i* gives !m a new1 resi/less gyratory & electric en]gy1 increas+ z ! new1 indep5d5t1 suppos$ cyclonic organization moves (f1 integrally1 away f ! home ( its _m fa!rs1 on a deva/at+ j\rney t[>ds ! nor? pole8 ,&1 fur!r1 if all ?is 7 true z to ! ,we/ ,indies & ,c5tral ,am]ica1 :at is to be said ( ! billions ( o!r /orms1 orig9at+ on a ?\s& o!r portions ( ! e>?'s surface1 & h[ are !y to be acc\nt$ =1 inasmu* z su* o!r meet+s1 com+ into ea* o!r1 & ov]-slid+1 & t5d5cy to deflection1 is n assum$ to exi/8 ,^! que/ions _c be satisfactorily answ]$4 ,! di/+ui%$ !ori/s are mi/ak54 ,! /ratus-cl\d does n ov]-lie or cov] ! /orm4 ,,x ,,is ,,! ,,/orm4 ,! w9ds b5ea?1 :e!r surface or sup]impos$1 are b its incid5ts1 due to its /atic induction & attraction4 ,_! direction dep5ds on ! %ape ( ! /orm cl\d1 & its c\rse ( progression1 & ! susceptibility ( ! surface atmosph]e 9 ?is direction or t1 to its inductive & attractive influ5ce4 ,_! =ce to its dep?1 its contiguity to ! e>?1 & ! int5sity ( its action2 & ! scud1 are b pat*es ( cond5sation1 occasion$ by ! same inductive action :i* affects & attracts ! surface curr5t 9 :i* !y =m4 ,ano!r objection to ,mr4 ,r$field's !ory ( gyration is bas$ ^u ! fact t 9 ord] to con/itute 8 /orm1 to get ! gyration1 he has to include1 at lea/1 an equal am\nt1 g5]ally a great deal m1 ( fair wea!r4 ,! ,n4 ,w4 w9d1 ! po/]ior1 or dry side ( ! gale1 z he calls x 79 ! =ego+ extract71 is a fair wea!r w9d4 ,x is necess>y1 h[ev]1 to complete ! suppos$ circle1 & x is press$ into ! s]vice4 ,! practical answ] giv5 to ! "q1 :at are /orms8 is1 !y are cyclones1 "p /orm1 s call$1 & "p fair wea!r2 t is1 ! /ratus-cl\d1 ! scud1 ! ea/]ly w9d1 & ra9 or sn[ ( day be=e ye/]day1 7 ! wet side1 or front "p ( ! /orm1 & ! sun%9e1 cle> sky1 & ,n4 ,w4 w9d ( ye/]day1 to-day1 &1 p]haps1 to-morr[1 are ! po/]ior or dry side4 ,:5 a /orm cle>s (f f ! ,n4 ,w4 x is n ov]1 x is1 p]haps1 j begun2 &1 inasmu* z x /orms aga91 v soon aft] ! w9d *anges back f ! ,n4 ,w4 to ! s\?w>d1 9 w9t]1 our wea!r !n is pretty mu* all /orms4 ,! /atem5t ( ?is claim seems s absurd t x may appe> l inju/ice to make x4 ,b gyration c n be made out )\t x1 & x is evid5t 9 ! extract quot$ above2 9 ! claim t ! w9t] nor!rs ( ! ,mexican ,gulf are p>ts ( pass+ /orms2 & cle>ly & unequivocally advanc$ z a di/9ct proposition1 z foll[s3 #a4 ,! body ( ! gale usually comprises an area ( ra9 or f\l wea!r1 toge!r ) ano!r1 &1 p]haps equal1 or great]1 area ( fair or bright wea!r4 7,am4 ,j\r4 ( ,sci5ce1 vol4 xlii4 p4 #aad47 ,n[1 9 ! fir/ place1 we mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 a /orm & fair wea!r1 be=e we c tell :at ! =m] is1 & x is difficult to ass5t to a !ory :i* expla9s :at a ,s4 ,e4 /orm ( twelve h\rs' cont9uance is1 by includ+ two or ?ree days ( succe$+ ,n4 ,w4 fair wea!r w9d1 z a "p ( x4 ,!re is no proportionate relation z to "t1 nor any relation z to qualities1 or ! att5d+ conditions ( ! atmosph]e1 nor any conceivable connection1 except ! hypo!tical "o ( gyration1 betwe5 ! two w9ds4 ,&1 9 ! second place1 x is true1 & ,mr4 ,r$field is well aw>e ( ! fact1 t w9ds (t5 bl[ = _m days f ! ,n4 ,e41 ,s4 ,w41 or ,n4 ,w41 )\t any prec$+ or succe$+ w9ds to :i* !y h any discov]able relation4 ,if1 !re=e1 tru? w\ld ju/ify ,mr4 ,r$field 9 includ+ ! fair wea!r w9d1 a difficulty w\ld rema9 :i* 8 !ory does n cov] or expla94 ,no ,am]ican1 except ,mr4 ,r$field1 has be5 able to discov] satisfactory evid5ce ( ! gyration ( /orms1 by actual c>eful obs]vation1 or a c>eful unbias$ collation ( ! obs]vation ( o!rs4 ,pr(essor ,c(f9 is report$ to h read to ! ,sci5tific ,association1 at _! ,buffalo meet+1 a pap]1 confirmatory1 9 "p1 b ,i h n be5 able to see x4 ,! tracks ( tornados h be5 se>*$ z ) c&les4 ,:5 !y h be5 n>r[1 f =ty to eighty rods1 _! action has be5 sub/antially simil>1 &1 al?\gh1 z we h h]e9 be=e /at$1 "s irregul>ities h be5 f\nd :i* 7 consi/5t ) gyration--= irregul>ities att5d ! viol5t action ( all =ces1 & p>ticul>ly ! motion ( electricity ?r\gh ! atmosph]e1 z e "o :o has se5 ! zig-zag c\rse ( a fla% ( lightn+ kn[s--yet ! evid5ce ( two lat]al inw>d curr5ts1 or l9es ( =ce1 has pr$om9at$ ov] all o!rs4 ,9 all cases1 :]e ! pa? is n>r[1 ^? lat]al curr5ts are ! actors2 !y con/itute ! tornado2 _! irregul>ities ( action produce ! exceptions2 b ! exceptions are nei!r num]\s nor uni=m1 & d n prove ei!r ! !ory ( ,mr4 ,espy or t ( ,mr4 ,r$field4 ,! action is n t ( mov+ air1 m]ely1 b ( a p[] exce$+ 9 =ce t ( p[d]1 :i* no?+ b electricity or magnetism c ex]t4 ,z ! pa? wid5s1 ! w9d becomes m l ! /raight-l9e gu/ :i* foll[s b5ea? ! ord9>y sev]e ?und]-%[]s4 ,8 !ory f9ds no sub/antial confirmation or support 9 ! pa? ( ! tornado4 ,sev]al /orms 7 inve/igat$ by ,pr(essor ,espy1 "s ( !m ! same :i* ,mr4 ,r$field _h attempt$ to %[ 7 ( a rot>y "*2 "o or two by ! ,frankl9 ,in/itute ( ,philadelphia2 "o by ,pr(essor ,loomis1 already allud$ to2 & rec5tly1 two by ,lieut5ant ,port]1 f logs return$ to ! ,national ,obs]vatory4 ,none ( ^! inve/igations confirm ! !ory ( ,mr4 ,r$field4 ,inde$1 ,mr4 ,r$field himself has f\nd x necess>y to resort to suppositions ( modify+ causes to expla9 ! evid5t inconsi/5cies4 ,x is assum$ t ! axis1 or c5t]1 oscillates1 & describes a s]ies ( circles2 & ?us1 "o class ( difficulties is avoid$4 ,aga91 x is assum$ t simultane\s /orms conv]ge & bl5d ^u ! same field1 & ano!r class ( difficulties are surm\nt$4 ,&1 aga91 inasmu* z x is notori\s t viol5t gales are r>ely if ev] felt ) equal viol5ce ar\nd ! area ( a circle1 b f "o or two po9ts only1 x is assum$1 t ! /orm w9ds asc5d1 sup]impose1 & desc5d aga91 :5 !y return to ! place ( _! fir/ viol5t action1 etc4 ,! simple tru? requires no su* resort to modify+ hypo!sis4 ,/ill1 ano!r objection is1 t ! *anges 9 ! b>omet]1 :i* occur be=e1 dur+1 & aft] /orms1 d n su/a9 ! claims ( ,mr4 ,r$field or ! requirem5ts ( 8 !ory4 ,! b>omet] sometimes rises be=e /orms4 ,x g5]ally comm5ces fall+ ab\t ! "t1 or soon aft] ! /orm sets 91 cont9ues to fall dur+ its progress1 & rises aga91 soon] or lat]1 aft]w>d4 ,?is is ! g5]al rule4 ,on ?is subject ,mr4 ,r$field's claim is ?is3 ,,effect ,,( ,,! ,,gale',s ,,rotation ,,on ,,! ,,b>omet]4--,! extraord9>y fall ( ! m]cury 9 ! b>omet]1 :i* takes place 9 gales or tempe/s1 has attract$ att5tion s9ce ! e>lie/ use ( ?is in/rum5t by meteorologi/s4 ,b ,i am n aw>e t ! pr9cipal cause ( ?is depression _h ev] be5 po9t$ out1 previ\sly to my fir/ publication 9 ?is j\rnal1 9 ,april1 #ahca1 :5 ,i took ! occasion to notice ?is result z be+ obvi\sly due to ! c5trifugal =ce ( ! revolv+ motion f\nd 9 ! body ( ! /orm4 ,s9ce t p]iod1 inquiries h be5 cont9u$ by meteorologi/s 9 reg>d to ! p]iodical & o!r fluctuations ( ! b>omet]1 & ! relations ( ^! fluctuations to temp]ature & aque\s vapor4 ,b ^! incid5tal causes ( v>iation1 9 ! atmosph]ic pressure1 prove to be ( m9or influ5ce1 & we are left to ! suffici5t & only satisfactory solution ( ?is m>k$ ph5om5on :i* is f\nd 9 ! c5trifugal =ce ( rotation4 ,! av]age pressure ( ! atmosph]e1 at ! surface ( ! ocean1 or 9 ! int]ior ( ! c\ntry1 all[+ = elevation1 is ab\t equal to ! weight ( a column ( quicksilv]1 ?irty in*es 9 height2 h5ce ! b>omet] is said to /& at ab\t ?irty in*es at ! level ( ! sea4 ,?is is suffici5tly accurate = ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 nor? ( ! ,n4 ,e4 trades2 b ! av]age is some:at l[] 9 ! trades & 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,?us1 ! av]age ( sixte5 mon?s1 dur+ :i* ! ,gr9nell exp$ition 0 abs5t1 0 #cj4jh_/ajj4 ,f a l>ge numb] ( logs exam9$ by ,lieut5ant ,maury1 ! mean elevation 9 ! ,n4 ,e4 trades ( ! ,atlantic 0 #bi4ig_/ajj2 ! ,s4 ,e4 trades ( ! ,atlantic1 #bi4ic_/ajj2 (f ,cape ,horn1 #bi4bc_/ajj2 ,s4 ,e4 trades ( ! ,pacific1 #cj4je_/ajj2 ,n4 ,e4 trades ( ! ,pacific1 #bi4if_/ajj4 ,! height ( ! b>omet] (f ,cape ,horn is n a fair index ( ! g5]al elevation ( ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 inasmu* z x /&s l[] !re ?an at ! coa/ ( ,patagonia & ,*ili1 or at mo/1 if n all1 o!r /ations 9 t hemisph]e4 ,z ! b>omet] is con/antly oscillat+ up & d[n 7irrespective ( its diurnal oscillation71 x has no kn[n fair wea!r /&>d4 ,! po9t ( #cj in*es is tak5 only z x is a mean4 ,i h kn[n x to comm5ce /orm+ :5 ! b>omet] 0 at #cj4gj1 & n to fall be=e x cle>$ (f1 bel[ #cj4cj4 ,& ,i h kn[n x to be bel[ #cj = sev]al days consecutively1 ) fair wea!r4 ,9 our climate !re is no reliable fair wea!r /&>d = ! b>omet]4 ,x falls bel[ #cj )\t /orm+2 x rises f> above1 & /orms )\t fall+ bel[4 ,no reliance c be plac$ ^u its elevation1 except by comp>ison2 b ( t h]eaft]4 ,! g5]al rule1 nev]!less1 is1 t x falls m or less dur+ /orms1 :atev] its height1 & rises soon] or lat]1 m or less1 aft] !y cle> (f4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 its highe/ & l[e/ po9ts is call$ its range4 ,! greate/ range obs]v$1 & record$1 is ab\t #c in*es--f ab\t #bh to #ca--;b ?is range is r>e4 ,! range1 9 ! trade-w9d region1 is comp>atively small2 9 ?is c\ntry x is great] ?an 9 ,europe2 &1 g5]ally1 ! range w be f\nd greate/ :]e ! volume ( c\nt]-trade1 & magnetic int5sity1 & ! correspond+ am\nt ( precipitation1 & extremes ( heat & cold are greate/4 ,"o ( ! greate/ ranges dur+ "o /orm1 or two successive portions ( a /orm1 9 ?is c\ntry1 :i* ,i h se5 record$1 occurr$ at ,bo/on1 9 ,febru>y1 #ahdb4 ,x 0 z foll[s--c\nt+ ! h\rs z #bd1 & f midnight3 ,feb4 #ae44aj;h44#cj4cf4 #af44ac;h44#bh4dg fall ( #a4hi 9 #bg h\rs4 #ag44ai;h44#cj4ci rise ( #a4ib 9 #cj h\rs4 #ah44 #b;h44#cj4ci /ation>y #e h\rs4 #ai44 #b;h44#bi4df fall ( #j4ic 9 #bd h\rs4 #bj44 #b;h44#cj4dc rise ( #j4ig 9 #bd h\rs4 ,am\nt ( oscillation1 #e4ga 9 #d days1 #aa h\rs4 ,^! ranges 7 ow+ to ! alt]nation ( ,s4 ,e4 /orms1 & ,n4 ,w4 w9ds4 ,tak+ ! fir/ range z a basis1 & all[+ ! height ( ! atmosph]e to be #a1ajj feet = ! fir/ in*1 we h ne>ly #b1jjj feet displac$ dur+ "o day1 if we look = ! displacem5t ne> ! e>?1 or "s #cj or #ce miles1 if we so> al(t 9 ! upp] regions to look = ! lat]al ov]fl[ ( ,pr(essor ,dove1 & ab\t ! same quantity re/or$ ! next4 ,?is br+s u to ! inquiry1 h[ 0 x done8 ,x is p]fectly idle to talk ab\t diff]5ce ( temp]ature or t5sion ( vapor1 ! asc5t ( w>m air1 or desc5t ( cold 9 a case l ?is2 or to say t !y 7 occasion$ by a lat]al ov]fl[ ( "s ?irty miles ( its upp] portion1 fir/ ?is way & !n t1 9 su* a brief space ( "t4 ,! *ange is equal to ne>ly #a_/ae ( ! weight ( ! :ole atmosph]e1 & ! cause1 :atev] x 01 exi/$ )9 two or ?ree miles ( ! e>?4 ,mr4 ,r$field's explanation ,i give 9 8 own words1 at l5g?3 ,"o ( ! mo/ important d$uctions :i* may be drawn f ! facts & explications :i* are n[ submitt$1 is an explanation ( ! causes :i* produce ! fall ( ! b>omet] on ! approa* ( a /orm4 ,?is effect we ascribe to ! c5trifugal t5d5cy or action :i* p]ta9s to all revolv+ or rot>y movem5ts1 & :i* mu/ op]ate ) great en]gy & effect ^u s ext5sive a mass ( atmosph]e z t :i* con/itutes a /orm4 ,let a cyl9drical vessel1 ( any consid]able magnitude1 be p>tially fill$ ) wat]1 & let ! rotative motion be communicat$ to ! fluid1 by pass+ a rod repeat$ly ?r\gh its mass1 9 a circul> c\rse4 ,9 conduct+ ?is exp]im5t1 we %all f9d t ! surface ( ! fluid imm$iately becomes depress$ by ! c5trifugal action1 except on its ext]ior portions1 :]e1 ow+ m]ely to ! resi/ance :i* is oppos$ by ! sides ( ! vessel1 x w rise above its natural level1 ! fluid exhibit+ ! "* ( a m9iature vortex or :irlpool4 ,let ?is exp]im5t be c>efully repeat$1 by pass+ ! propell+ rod ar\nd ! ext]ior ( ! fluid mass1 9 cont9u$ contact ) ! sides ( ! vessel1 ?us produc+ ! :ole rotative impulse1 by an ext]nal =ce1 analag\s to t :i* we suppose to influ5ce ! gyration ( /orms & hurricanes1 & we %all /ill f9d a correspond+ result1 beautifully modifi$1 h[ev]1 by ! quiesc5t prop]ties ( ! fluid2 =1 in/ead ( ! deep & rapid vortex be=e exhibit$1 we %all h a concave depression ( ! surface1 ( great regul>ity3 &1 by ! aid ( a few susp5d$ p>ticles1 may discov] ! increas$ degree ( rotation1 :i* becomes gradually imp>t$ to ! m c5tral portions ( ! revolv+ fluid4 ,! la/-m5tion$ result obviates ! objection1 :i*1 at ! fir/ view1 might1 p]haps1 be consid]$ z oppos$ to our ma9 conclusion1 gr\nd$ on ! suppos$ equability ( rotation1 9 bo? ! int]ior & ext]ior portions ( ! revolv+ body1 l t :i* p]ta9s to a :eel1 or o!r solid4 ,x is mo/ obvi\s1 h[ev]1 t all fluid masses are1 9 _! gyrations1 subject to a diff]5t law1 z is exemplifi$ 9 ! =ego+ exp]im5t2 & ?is diff]5ce1 or dep>ture f ! law ( solids1 is d\btless great] 9 a]i=m fluids ?an 9 ^? ( a d5s] "*4 ,! :ole exp]im5t s]ves to demon/rate t su* an active gyration z we h ascrib$ to /orms1 & h prov$1 z we deem1 to app]ta9 to "s1 at lea/1 ( ! m viol5t class2 mu/ necess>ily exp& & spread out1 by its c5trifugal action1 ! /ratum ( atmosph]e subject to its influ5ce1 & :i* mu/1 consequ5tly1 become flatt5$ or depress$ by ?is lat]al movem5t1 p>ticul>ly t[>d ! vortex or c5t] ( ! /orm2 less5+ !reby ! weight ( ! incumb5t fluid1 & produc+ a consequ5t fall ( ! m]cury 9 ! b>ometrical tube4 ,?is effect mu/ increase1 till ! gravity ( ! circumjac5t atmosph]e1 sup]add$ to t ( ! /orm itself1 %all1 by its c\nt]act+ effect1 h produc$ an equilibrium 9 ! two =ces4 ,%\ld !re be no ov]lay+ curr5t 9 ! high] regions1 mov+ 9 a direction diff]5t f t :i* conta9s ! /orm1 ! rotative effect may1 p]haps1 be ext5d$ into ! region ( p]petual congelation1 till ! m$ium becomes too r>e to receive its influ5ce4 ,b :atev] may be ! limit ( ?is gyration1 its effect mu/ be to depress ! cold /ratum ( ! upp] atmosph]e1 p>ticul>ly t[>d ! m c5tral portions ( ! /orm2 &1 by ?us br++ x 9 contact ) ! humid /ratum ( ! surface1 to produce a p]man5t & cont9u\s /ratum ( cl\ds1 toge!r ) a copi\s supply ( ra91 or a deposition ( congelat$ vapor1 accord+ to ! /ate ( ! temp]ature prevail+ 9 ! l[] region4 ,! italics 9 ! =ego+ extract are m9e2 &1 9 relation to x1 ,i obs]ve3 #a/4 ,!re is no cyl9drical vessel ar\nd /orms1 & air w n ?us resi/ air4 ,confess$ly1 su* resi/ance is necess>y4 ,let any "o wat* 8 cig> smoke1 & see h[ readily x moves on1 ) little mom5tum4 ,let any "o try ! exp]im5t ( creat+ a :irl 9 ! op5 air1 or 9 a room1 or box ( pap]1 or o!r mat]ial1 :i* c be sudd5ly remov$1 ) air color$ by smoke4 ,i am exce$+ly mi/ak5 if he does n f9d ! pres5ce ( a cyl9drical vessel1 absolutely ess5tial to prev5t ! in/antane\s tang5tial escape ( ! air4 #b;d4 ,turn back to page #c & look at ! fall ( ! b>omet] 9 ! pol> regions 7record$ 9 ! extract f ,dr4 ,kane71 ) sc>cely any w9d1 & z little v>iation 9 its direction1 & see h[ utt]ly ,mr4 ,r$field's !ory fails to acc\nt = ! ph5om5a4 #c;d4 ,if ,i und]/& ,mr4 ,r$field correctly1 he has ab&on$ ! claim z orig9ally made1 t ! w9d moves 9 circles1 exp&+1 & spread+ out by a lat]al movem5t1 & n[ ass]ts t x bl[s spirally inw>d1 & elevates ! air 9 ! c5t]4 ,i quote3 ,,vortical ,,incl9ation ,,( ,,! ,,/orm ,,w9d4--,by ?is is meant "s degree ( involution f a true circul> c\rse4 ,9 ! ,new ,engl& /orm above ref]r$ to1 ?is conv]g5ce ( ! surface-w9ds appe>$ equal to an av]age ( ab\t #f deg4 f a circle4 ,9 ! pres5t case1 su* indication seems m or less app>5t 9 ! arr[s on ! /orm figures ( ! sev]al *>ts1 :]e ! conc5trical circle af=d u means = a j comp>ison ( ! g5]al c\rse ( w9d :i* is approximately %[n by ! sev]al obs]vations4 ,p]haps we may e/imate ! av]age ( ! vorticose conv]g5ce1 z obs]v$ 9 ! entire /orm = ?ree successive days1 at f #e deg4 to #aj deg4--out ( ! #ij deg4 :i* w\ld be requisite = a cong]ies ( c5tripetal or c5t]-bl[+ w9ds4 ,?is r\gh e/imate ( ! degree ( involution is f\nd$ only on a bird's-eye view ( ! plott$ obs]vations4 ,b1 h[ev] e/imat$1 ?is involution seems to af=d a measure ( ! air & vapor :i* f9ds its way to a high] elevation by means ( ! vortical movem5t 9 ! body ( ! /orm4 ,if ! elevation ( ! air at ! bord]s ( ! /orm1 & depression 9 ! middle1 result$ f ! outw>d t5d5cy & lat]al movem5t ( ! revolv+ air1 & f ! c5trifugal =ce1 z 9 ! exp]im5t ) ! wat] 9 a cyl9drical vessel1 z /at$ 9 ! fir/ p>agraph quot$1 an involution ( f #e deg4 to #aj deg4 f ! action ( a c5tripetal =ce1 mu/ c>ry ! air inw>d1 & ! b>omet] %\ld /& highe/ 9 ! middle ( ! /orm4 ,! *ange is fatal to 8 !ory4 ,! two are diametrically opposite 9 "* & effect4 ,9 "o1 ! sup]ior /rata w\ld be br\ght d[n 9 ! c5t] by ! lat]al pressure outw>d2 9 ! o!r1 !y w\ld be elevat$ by ! involution1 :i* af=ds a measure ( ! air & vapor :i* f9ds its way to a high] elevation1 etc4 ,x is p]fectly obvi\s ,mr4 ,r$field has refut$ 8 own hypo!sis4 ,9 do+ ?is1 he is met by ! o!r difficulty allud$ to1 :i* he does n attempt to expla94 ,?is ga!r+ ( ! air inw>d1 spirally1 by a c5tripetal =ce1 if x took place1 n only w\ld n depress1 b mu/ elevate ! b>omet] 9 ! c5t]1 above t ( ! adjo9+ atmosph]e4 ,:5 he fir/ attribut$ ! depression ( ! b>omet] to a lat]al movem5t & c5trifugal =ce1 he suppos$ ! sup]ior /rata desc5d$ into ! depression1 & _! frigidity occasion$ ! cond5sation1 & cl\d1 & ra94 ,h[ he n[ proposes to acc\nt = ! =mation ( cl\d & ra9 dur+ /orms1 :ile ! w>m air ( ! inf]ior /ratum f9ds its way to a high] elevation 9 ! c5t] ( ! /orm1 he does n in=m u1 & we mu/ wait 8 "t4 ,i h1 he says1 long held ! prop] inquiry to be1 :at are /orms8 & n1 h[ are /orms produc$8 z has be5 well express$ by ano!r4 ,x is only :5 ! =m] ( ^! inquiries has be5 solv$ t we c ent] advantage\sly ^u ! latt]4 ,! =m] does n seem to be yet solv$1 or ! solution ( ! latt] comm5c$4 ,mr4 ,r$field tells u 7page #bei1 & onw>d71 t !re is an ext5d$ /ratum ( /ratus-cl\d1 :i* ov]lies ! /orm1 & t x does n diff] greatly f "o mile 9 height4 ,we are n told h[ ! air1 :i* f9ds its way to a high] elevation dur+ sev]al days cont9uance ( su* a /orm1 gets ?r\gh ! /ratum4 ,if he is "r x mu/ d s1 & x w\ld n answ] to suppose a v small op5+ or g5tle curr5t ?r\gh x1 to c>ry (f all ! air :i* works inw>d 9 a hurricane1 dur+ sev]al days cont9uance4 ,b he does n seem to recognize ei!r ! necessity or exi/5ce ( any v5t at all2 nor is !re any2 & ?is fact is op5 to ! obs]vation ( e s*ool-boy 9 ! c\ntry2 & x is equally op5 to 8 obs]vation t :5 & :]e ! b>omet] is mo/ depress$1 ! /ratus /orm-cl\d is ne>e/ ! e>?4 ,colonel ,reid has mu* to say ab\t ! /orm's eye1 or trea*]\s c5t] ( a /orm4 ,a c>eful analysis ( ! in/ances :]e ! /orm's eye is notic$ w %[ t ! t]m is appli$1 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 to t light+ up 9 ! ,w4 or ,n4 ,w41 :i* is ! comm5cem5t ( ! cle>+-(f process1 & att5d$ ) a %ift ( w9d to ! fair-wea!r qu>t]3 i4 e41 to ,w4 or ,n4 ,w4 ,j su* an eye z is se5 :5 ! la/ ( ! /orm cl\d has pass$ s f> to ! ea/ z to admit ! rays ( ! sun "u ! we/]n or nor?-we/]n edge ( x4 ,! same k9d ( /orm's eye is describ$ 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 except t ! w9d %ifts to ,s4 ,w4 in/ead ( ,n4 ,w41 t be+ ! cle>+-(f w9d !re4 ,no in/ance ( a /orm's eye 9 ! c5t] ( ! ext5d$ /ratum ( /ratus-cl\d1 :i* ov]lies ! /orm1 c be f\nd record$1 to my k2 & x is obvi\s t ,colonel ,reid adopts ! view ( ,mr4 ,r$field1 t ! we/]ly & ,n4 ,w4 fair wea!r w9ds are a "p ( ! /orm4 ,s long z ^! g5tlem5 hold to t op9ion !y w nev] solve ! "q1 :at are /orms8 or rea* ! o!r1 h[ are /orms produc$8 ,not)/&+1 ,mr4 ,r$field ass]ts1 or adopts ! ass]tion1 t ! inquiry %\ld be1 ,:at are /orms8 n ,h[ are /orms produc$8 t inquiry %\ld be a rational "o1 & %\ld n violate all analogy1 or call = an explanation :i* sci5ce c n rationally furni%4 ,mr4 ,r$field does n seem to h =m$ any j conception ( ! immeasurable p[] ( a hurricane1 five hundr$ miles 9 diamet]2 or ( ! nature ( t rod :i* ! ,almighty mu/ ins]t 9 x1 to :irl x ) su* viol5t & long-cont9u$ =ce2 nor any j conception ( ! t5d5cy ( ! :irl+ mass1 9 ! abs5ce ( 8 cyl9drical vessel1 to fly (f1 tang5tially1 into ! surr\nd+ air2 or ( ! nature or p[] ( ! c5tripetal =ce necess>y to hold ! gyratory mass 9 its curr5t1 & ga!r x 9 involute spirals t[>d a c5t]4 ,nor has any o!r man :o has witness$1 or read ( m\nta9-toss$ waves2 ( ! l>ge/ %ips bl[n d[n & engulf$2 ( t[ns subm]g$1 & vessels c>ri$ f> inl&1 & left 9 cultivat$ fields1 by ! subsid5ce ( ! sea2 ( /urdy =e/s & /rongly-built edifices pro/rat$2 or li/5$ to ! h[l+ ( ! tempe/1 & felt 8 own h\se rock b5ea? him1 be5 able to conceive ( any kn[n =m ( calorific or me*anical1 or o!r p[]1 act+ f a comp>atively small c5t]1 :i* c\ld hold su* an imm5se irresi/able mass ( :irl+ air 9 a circle1 & ga!r x 9 t[>d ! c5t] 9 gradually contract+ spirals4 ,i confess t1 to my m9d1 x seems little less ?an a mock]y ( our intellig5ce = ,mr4 ,r$field1 or ,pr(essor ,dove1 or any o!r man1 h[ di/+ui%$ soev] he may be1 to tell u t all ?is is ! result ( a t5d5cy to left-wise rotation ( ord9>y w9ds1 com+ into ea* o!r1 or ov]-slid+1 or meet+1 or enc\nt]+1 on ?is front1 or t1 d[n 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 or 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 or ! monsoon region2 or to talk ( lat]al ov]fl[s f m]e gravity2 ( ! asc5t ( w>m air1 or ! desc5t ( cold /rata2 ( ! resi/ance ( adjac5t passive air1 or o!r m]e atmosph]ic resi/ances 9 connection ) su* awful manife/ations ( p[]4 ,_! explanations ( ^! ph5om5a are n rational1 nor c !y be believ$ by any rational man1 :o w be/[ ^u !m half an h\r ( compreh5sive1 unbias$ reflection4 ,waiv+ _m m9or po9ts ( great =ce1 = ?is notice ( ,mr4 ,r$field's !ory is already too mu* ext5d$ = my limits1 ,i am con/ra9$ to take issue ) him on ! fact1 & to ass]t1 unhesitat+ly1 t 9 a majority ( in/ances no su* b>ometric curve exi/s4 ,d\btless ! depression b5ea? ! /orm is f\nd1 & ext]ior lat]al elevations may also be _h by ext5d+ ! l9e into ! usual fair wea!r elevation on ea* side1 z ,mr4 ,r$field is oblig$ to d1 to get 8 suppos$ circle ( w9ds at all4 ,d\btless1 too1 ! seam5 sail+ out ( a /orm1 on ei!r side1 & approa*+ fair wea!r1 w h a ris+ b>omet]4 ,b f front to re>1 on ! l9e ( progression1 9 tropical /orms1 ! curve does n exi/ on %ore1 9 ?is latitude1 (t5] ?an 9 two1 or possibly ?ree1 cases 9 t52 & !n only ^u a s+le /ate ( facts--t is1 :5 !re is an int]position ( ,n4 ,w4 w9d2 & ?is1 at "s seasons1 r>ely occurs4 ,an elevation usually occurs be=e ! /orm1 on its front1 if x pres5t an ext5sive ea/]ly front1 z "o ( ^! classes does1 & a depression is left aft] x has pass$ (f1 unless a consid]able body ( ,n4 ,w4 w9d int]poses1 z h]et(ore /at$4 ,b :5 !re is n su* int]position ( ,n4 ,w4 w9d 7= ,w41 ,w4 ,n4 ,w41 or ev5 ,n4 ,w4 by ,w4 w n suffice71 !re is n an imm$iate rise ( ! b>omet] correspond+ 9 rapidity & ext5t ) ! fall1 & frequ5tly none dur+ ! fir/ tw5ty-f\r h\rs ( bright1 fair wea!r4 ,let ! read]1 if he has access to a b>omet]1 note ?is fact1 = x is obvi\s & conclusive4 ,f9ally1 !re are o!r atmosph]ic conditions to :i* ! b>ometric *anges are obvi\sly due3 #a/4 ,! c\nt]-trade is ( a diff]5t volume1 at diff]5t times1 ov] ! same locality1 & h5ce a diff]5ce 9 ! normal elevations ( ! b>omet]4 #b;d4 ,x is at a diff]5t elevation1 at diff]5t times1 ov] ! same locality4 ,x 0 s f\nd by ! inve/igations ( ! ,kew ,obs]vatory ,committee ref]r$ to2 has be5 s f\nd by o!r a]onauts1 & may readily be se5 by a c>eful1 practic$ obs]v]4 ,x is highe/1 ) a high b>omet]1 9 s]5e wea!r1 :5 a /orm is n at h&2 & c sometimes be pla9ly se5 to asc5d :5 a consid]able volume ( ,n4 ,w4 w9d is bl[+ 9 b5ea?1 & elevat+1 simultane\sly1 ! trade & ! b>omet]4 ,opportunities occur e ye>1 :5 ! nor!rn edge ( ! dissolv+ /ratus-cl\d is att5uat$1 & ! /orm is cle>+ (f 9 ! ,n4 ,w41 ) w9d f t qu>t]1 & a ris+ b>omet]1 :5 its gradual elevation may be obs]v$ to correspond ) ! volume ( t w9d4 #c;d4 ,dur+ /orms1 ) a l[ b>omet]1 ! trade & ! cl\ds run l[4 ,?is1 too1 is cle>ly obs]vable1 especially :5 ! /ratus-cl\d passes (f abruptly1 v soon aft] ! ra9 ceases4 ,9 su* cases ! b>omet] w rema9 depress$ = a consid]able "t1 unless ano!r /orm sup]v5es spe$ily1 or ! w9d sets 9 f ! ,n4 ,w4 #d?4 ,! trade1 9 a /ormy /ate1 moves fa/] ?an :5 9 a normal condition4 ,?is is obs]vable dur+ ! p>tial breaks :i* frequ5tly occur 9 /orms1 & at o!r times4 ,x is also inf]able f ! m rapid progress ( ! m int5se c5t]1 & o!r int5se portions ( /orms1 & ! consequ5t great] depression ( ! b>omet]1 "u su* c5t]s or int5se portions4 7,see ! /orm ( ,pr(essor ,loomis47 ,x is obvi\s1 also1 f ! great] rapidity ( progress att5d+ ! m int5se & viol5t /orms :i* all inve/igations discloses4 ,^! simple facts expla9 all ! ph5om5a3 #a/4 ,! trade /ratum is a cont9u\s unbrok5 %eet1 & its desc5t mu/ displace a portion ( ! surface atmosph]e4 ,a portion ( x is impell$ =w>d1 aid+ 9 ! prec$5t elevation ( ! b>omet]1 & a portion is attract$ backw>d1 into ! space f :i* a l portion _h be5 previ\sly attract$ by ! pass+ /orm cl\d1 =m+ ! ea/]ly w9d4 #b;d4 ,! increas$ progress ( ! /ormy portion ( ! c\nt]-trade occasions an accumulation 9 front ( ! /orm1 & an elevation ( ! b>omet]1 & t5ds also to increase ! depression "u ! spot f :i* x moves4 ,! latt] is1 to "s ext5t1 c\nt]act$ by ! ?9 %eets ( surface w9d :i* are drawn 9 "u ! /ratus f ! sides4 ,t :i* is drawn f ! front 9 successive portions1 fills ! space f :i* l portions _h be5 drawn to ! we/w>d1 & left beh9d 9 a passive /ate by ! pass+ /orm4 ,?us1 ! surface atmosph]e ( ,new ,engl& may pass "u ! entire wid? ( a /orm1 z a gale2 mov+ n[ 9 puffs ) great viol5ce1 z x passes b5ea? irregul> & int5se portions ( ! cl\d1 & n[ mod]ately2 & be left1 9 a passive /ate1 9 ,k5tucky1 occupy+ ! space f :i* ! atmosph]e _h be5 previ\sly drawn by ! same /orm1 9 l mann]1 on to nor!rn ,texas4 #c;d4 ,! ne>] ! /ratus-cl\d to ! e>?1 ! great] ! displacem5t ( surface atmosph]e1 ! l[] ! b>omet]1 &1 ord9>ily1 ! m viol5t ! w9d4 ,fir/1 because ! same int5sity1 :i*1 by attraction1 br+s ! trade ne> ! e>?1 acts ) great] =ce ^u ! surface atmosph]e2 &1 secondly1 ! /orm w9ds1 :i* are (t5 mo/ rapid b5ea? ! cl\ds & above ! e>?1 are likely to be felt ) m viol5ce at its surface1 :]e ! /ratus cl\d runs l[1 especially at sea4 ,i desire to comm5d all ^! facts1 9 relation to ! !ory ( ,mr4 ,r$field1 to ! c>eful att5tion & obs]vation ( ^? :o1 al?\gh believ]s 9 ! !ory1 are n w$d$ to x2 & :o h a s9c]e desire to und]/& ! ph5om5a :i* are cont9ually1 & ?us f>1 my/]i\sly1 occurr+ )9 two or ?ree miles ( u1 :ile our k ( ! di/ant worlds ar\nd u--! sci5ce ( a/ronomy--seems almo/ p]fect4 ,i w return to a fur!r & a c>eful consid]ation ( ! nature ( ! reciprocal action betwe5 ! e>? & ! c\nt]-trade1 & ! facts be>+ ^u ! "q1 9 ano!r *apt]4 ,x is obvi\s t receiv$ !ories c n aid u mat]ially 9 ! inquiry4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,we are yet ignorant ( ! true nature ( magnetism4 ,we trace its l9es1 z 9 ! diagrams1 ^u & ar\nd ! magnet2 b we c only d ?is ) s(t iron1 or o!r sub/ance1 9 :i* magnetic action may be induc$4 ,we "k t ^! l9es are curr5ts1 or l9es ( =ce1 = t =ce produces s5sible effects1 & we measure x by ! movem5ts ( ! ne$le4 ,we "k t ^! l9es may be deflect$ by o!r magnetic bodies1 & conc5trat$ ^u !m4 ,we "k t ! e>?1 & ! smalle/ magnets1 exhibit prop]ties 9 common4 ,! poles ( ! magnet are "s di/ance f its extreme ends--s are ^? ( ! e>?4 ,! int5sity increases1 f ! c5t]1 or ne> x1 to ! poles ( ! magnet1 z %[n by its attraction2 & ! same increase ( magnetic int5sity1 f ! magnetic equator to ! magnetic poles1 or ne> !m1 is trac$ ^u ! e>?4 ,we "k t !re are two l9es1 or r areas1 ( great] int5sity ^u ! globe4 ,"o ext5d+ f ! ,am]ican magnetic pole1 s\?-ea/w>dly1 to a correspond+ pole 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e2 & ano!r1 ! ,asiatic1 ext5d+ f ! ,sib]ian pole to a correspond+ s\!rn "o1 9 l mann]4 ,we "k t1 f ^? l9es or areas1 ! int5sity1 ea/ & we/1 on ! same p>allel ( latitude1 decreases ea* way1 to ab\t midway betwe5 !m4 ,?us1 call+ ! int5sity :]e ,humboldt f\nd ! magnetic equator ov] ,s\? ,am]ica1 9 #g deg4 #a' s\? latitude1 #a1 or unity--! lea/ int5sity kn[n is1 4#gjf1 f\nd at ! magnetic equator1 ov] ! ,s\? ,atlantic1 & at its mo/ s\!rn depression2 & x increases to #a4d 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 & to #b4jjii ^u "o or m po9ts ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican cont95t1 s\? ( ! magnetic pole1 & ab\t ! m]idian ( #ib deg44 ,t x is #a4hje1 at ,w>r51 ,ohio1 9 latitude #da deg4 #af'1 & longitude #gb deg4 #eg'1 & decreases to #a4ggd at ,new ,hav51 ,connecticut1 9 latitude #da deg4 #ah'4 ,t x is b #a4cdh at ,p>is1 ne>ly "o ?ird less ?an on ! same latitude 9 "s portions ( ?is cont95t4 ,t ! l9e ( equal int5sity1 or iso-dynamic l9e1 ( #a-h_/aj1 is a clos$ curve ( an oval %ape1 ext5d+ some:at bel[ #dj deg41 9 ! longitude ( ,c9c9nati1 & rea*es (f ne>ly to ,bh]+'s ,/raits1 on ! we/2 ris+ 9 a simil> mann]1 ?\gh n s abruptly1 on ! ea/2 includ+ ! great nor!rn lakes & a consid]able "p ( ,hudson's ,bay4 ,:ile ! iso-dynamic l9es ( #a-he_/ajj1 & #a-hge_/ajjj1 are small] ovals1 includ$ )9 ! =m]4 ,su*1 at lea/1 is ! pres5t belief f su* inve/igations z h be5 made4 7,see an article by ,pr(essor ,loomis1 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 new s]ies1 vol4 iv4 p4 #aib47 ,our subject dem&s a /ill clos] exam9ation ( ! elem5ts ( magnetism & its associat$ electricities1 & _! influ5ce ^u climate & ! atmosph]e ) a view to ! solution ( ! que/ions 9 h&1 & we w pursue ! inquiry 9 ! pres5t *apt]4 ,waiv+1 = ! pres5t1 any fur!r notice ( ! fact t ! c\nt]-trades are conc5trat$ ov]1 & contigu\s to1 ?is area ( int5sity1 = ! purpose ( exam9+ ! magnetic ph5om5a indep5d5tly1 & int5d+ to return to a consid]ation ( _! connection ) x1 we obs]ve3--,t x is n[ well settl$ t ! iso-geo!rmal l9es1 or l9es ( equal t]re/rial heat1 are co9cid5t1 or ne>ly s1 ) ! l9es ( equal magnetic int5sity4 ,! po9ts :]e ! magnetic int5sity is at a m9imum1 on ! magnetic m]idian1 are ! w>me/ po9ts ( t m]idian1 & ^? :]e x is mo/ int5se1 ! colde/4 ,! magnetic elem5ts ( a place may be comput$ f its !rmal ones4 ,! laws produc+ or gov]n+ ! di/ribution ( "o1 h an intimate physical relation ) ^? produc+ or gov]n+ ! o!r4 ,pr(essor ,norton ably sums up a discussion ( ! subject 79 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce = ,septemb]1 #ahdg71 omitt+ ! !oretic propositions1 z foll[s3 #a4 ,all ! magnetic elem5ts ( any place on ! e>? may be d$uc$ f ! !rmal elem5ts ( ! same2 & all ! great features ( ! di/ribution ( ! e>?'s magnetism may be !oretically d]iv$ f c]ta9 prom95t features 9 ! di/ribution ( its heat4 #b4 ,( ! magnetic elem5ts1 ! horizontal int5sity is ne>ly proportional to ! mean temp]ature1 z measur$ by ,fahr5heit's !rmomet]2 ! v]tical int5sity is ne>ly proportional to ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! mean temp]atures1 at two po9ts situat$ at equal di/ances nor? & s\? ( ! place1 9 a direction p]p5dicul> to ! iso-geo!rmal l9e2 &1 9 g5]al1 ! direction ( ! ne$le is ne>ly at "r angles to ! iso-geo!rmal l9e1 :ile ! precise c\rse ( ! inflect$ l9e to :i* x is p]p5dicul> may be d$uc$ f ,brew/]'s =mula = ! temp]ature1 by diff]5tiat+ & putt+ ! diff]5tial equal to z]o4 #c4 ,z a consequ5ce1 ! laws ( ! t]re/rial di/ribution ( ! physical pr9ciples ( magnetism & heat mu/ be ! same1 or ne>ly ! same2 & ^! pr9ciples !mselves mu/ h1 t[>d "o ano!r1 ! mo/ intimate physical relations4 ,! magnetic elem5ts1 ( :i* ,pr(essor ,norton speaks1 are ! decl9ation1 dip1 & horizontal & v]tical =ces or int5sities4 ,i h said1 t t[>d ! areas ( greate/ magnetic int5sity1 ! ne$le e :]e decl9es4 ,s z int5sity increases1 f ! magnetic equator t[>d ! poles1 ! ne$le1 :5 s susp5d$ z to p]mit ( ! motion1 dips1 incl9es d[nw>d1 & ! dip is greate/1 on ! same p>allel1 :]e int5sity is greate/4 ,to my m9d1 ! magnetic elem5ts are v intelligible4 ,!y are all attributable to attraction1 & attraction is greate/ :]e int5sity is greate/4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! e>? or atmosph]e to make ! ne$le po9t nor!rly r ?an 9 any o!r direction1 except magnetic int5sity4 ,?us1 ! great] int5sity ( magnetism ne> ! nor!rn & s\!rn po9ts ( ! globe1 attracts ! correspond+ ends ( ! ne$le 9 ^? directions4 ,&1 z magnetism increases 9 quantity or int5sity1 & ! poles are approa*$1 ! attraction increases1 & ! ne$le dips m & m1 till ! focus ( int5sity & attraction is rea*$1 & !n x becomes p]p5dicul>4 ,s magnetism is unequally diffus$1 m]idionally1 9 or ov] ! e>?1 & !re are two equidi/ant areas :]e its quantity or int5sity is greate/4 ,^! ex]t a lat]al attraction ^u ! ne$le2 x yields to ?is attraction1 & h5ce its decl9ation4 ,if x is c>ri$ on to "o area ( int5sity1 & to ! c5t] ( x1 x w po9t to ! nor!rn focus ( int5sity or magnetic pole2 &1 if c>ri$ a trifle fur!r we/1 x w yield to an ea/]n attraction1 & po9t directly nor?4 ,if c>ri$ /ill fur!r we/1 its decl9ation ea/ w increase4 ,?us its normal direction is to ! pole1 on ! c5tral focus ( int5sity1 & :5 x po9ts directly nor? x is we/ ( ! c5tral l9e ( int5sity4 ,& ?us1 x seems to me1 all ! magnetic elem5ts may be resolv$ into ! "o elem5t ( attraction by excess ( int5sity or activity4 ,?is impression is /r5g!n$ by ! fact t ! ne$le moves to ! ea/ 9 ! morn+1 :5 ! sol> rays increase magnetic activity 9 t direction1 & we/ aga91 z _! influ5ce increases !re4 ,n[1 ^! elem5ts--! decl9ation & horizontal & v]tical =ces--all ^! p]iodical1 regul>1 & irregul> v>iations ( magnetic activity1 are intimately connect$ ) ! v>iations ( atmosph]ic condition3 ,fir/1 ,!y %[ an increase ( activity dur+ c]ta9 h\rs ( ! day1 correspond+ to1 & obvi\sly connect$ )1 ! diurnal atmosph]ic *anges4 ,second1 ,!y %[ an increase ( activity dur+ ! nor!rn transit ( ! atmosph]ic ma*9]y--an annual v>iation4 ,?ird1 ,!y %[ an increase 9 t activity dur+ ! latt] portion ( ea* dec5nial p]iod1 con=m+ to ! occurr5ce ( sol> spots4 ,&1 f\r?1 ,irregul> v>iations ( activity1 correspond+ ) ! irregul> *anges ( atmosph]ic condition4 ,we w exam9e ^! results1 & 9 do+ s1 take ^? ( ! elem5t ( decl9ation--"o answ]+ = all4 ,! magnetic ne$le moves to ! we/ 9 summ]1 f ab\t #h ,a4,m4 till ab\t #b ,p4,m41 & ! ext5t ( its progress1 dur+ t p]iod1 con/itutes ! magnitude ( its daily v>iation4 ,x is f\nd t ?is v>iation diff]s 9 diff]5t mon?s1 & t x is normally greate/ 9 ! summ] mon?s1 & lea/ 9 ! w9t]1 9 ! ratio ( ab\t two to "o4 ,x is fur!r f\nd1 t 9 diff]5t ye>s ! maximum activity occurs 9 diff]5t mon?s1 & t ! ye>s diff] also1 & !re is a di/9ctly m>k$ dec5nial p]iod1 correspond+ mo/ rem>kably ) ! dec5nial maxima ( recurr+ sol> spots1 z obs]v$ by ,s*wabe4 ,dr4 ,lamont1 ( ,muni*1 gives u ! foll[+ table ( magnitude ( decl9ation !re1 = ! t5 ye>s prec$+ #ahea1 :i* cle>ly exhibits ?is fact1 & also ! great] int5sity dur+ ! nor!rn transit ( ! atmosph]ic ma*9]y4 ,he says3 ,! magnitude ( ! v>iations ( decl9ation h a p]iod ( t5 ye>s4 ,= five ye>s !re is a uni=m increase1 & dur+ ! foll[+ five ye>s a uni=m decrease 9 ! v>iations4 ,) u ! magnetic decl9ation is a m9imum at ab\t eight o'clock 9 ! morn+1 & is greate/ at two o'clock 9 ! aft]noon4 ,subtract+ ! decl9ation at eight o'clock f t at two o'clock1 we obta9 ! magnitude ( ! diurnal motion4 ,f ! h\rly obs]vations1 conduct$ 9 ?is obs]vatory s9ce ! mon? ( ,augu/1 #ahdj1 we asc]ta9 ! foll[+ to be ! magnitude ( ! diurnal motion = ea* mon? sep>ately4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,jan4 ,feb4 ,m>*4 ,april4 ,may4 ,june4 ,july4 ,aug4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #ahda #c4gb #e4ac #h4dc #aa4di #aa4dg #aa4di #aj4jg #i4hf #ahdb #c4fe #d4gd #h4cd #aj4cc #i4ca #i4gh #h4ch #i4jc #ahdc #c4hb #d4jh #f4hg #i4ga #i4bd #aj4ad #i4eg #aj4jh #ahdd #b4ha #c4dc #f4ie #i4ec #h4db #h4hh #h4ch #i4bh #ahde #b4bj #d4fi #h4bf #aa4ic #aj4hh #aj4gc #i4dd #aj4db #ahdf #c4cj #f4id #i4ec #ab4bg #ab4eh #aa4ba #aa4cg #aa4di #ahdg #c4cj #f4ce #i4he #ab4dc #aa4ha #aa4gf #aj4id #ab4hg #ahdh #f4eb #i4ja #aa4if #ad4ef #ad4bb #ac4hj #ad4fg #ae4dj #ahdi #g4bg #h4db #ad4jh #af4hf #ac4fg #ac4hf #ab4eg #aa4ed #ahej #e4ih #h4hd #ab4ae #ad4cb #ad4je #ac4ci #ab4ec #ab4fh ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,sept4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,autmn ,spr+ ,ye>4 ,w9t4 ,sum4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ #h4gh #f4hb #c4ga #b4hi #e4ab #aj4ec #g4hb #g4gb #g4je #c4hf #b4ha #e4jg #i4ji #g4jc #h4ha #f4hb #c4hb #b4gi #d4gj #i4ei #g4ae #h4bc #f4ed #c4id #b4ih #d4dd #h4gi #f4fa #h4hb #g4cd #d4di #h4cd #e4hi #aj4hg #h4ac #aj4ci #g4hb #e4ff #c4bb #f4jh #aa4be #h4ha #ab4jf #aa4ec #g4jf #d4gj #g4fc #aa4ih #i4ee #ad4jj #aj4cj #e4gh #c4ec #g4he #ad4dd #aa4je #aj4gi #i4ab #e4da #d4ji #h4jf #ac4ba #aj4fd #ab4fd #i4jd #f4bj #c4de #g4fa #ac4bg #aj4dd ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,! ,philadelphia & ,toronto obs]vations disclose ! same /ate ( facts4 ,dr4 ,lamont1 also1 9 8 article1 gives u ! foll[+ table ( ! magnitude ( ! v>iations d]iv$ f obs]vations at ,gott+53 -------------------- ,ye>4,mean ( ,ye>4 -------------------- #ahce #i4eg #ahcf #ab4cd #ahcg #ab4bg #ahch #ab4gi #ahci #aa4jc #ahdj #i4ia #ahda #h4gj -------------------- ,a comp>ison ( ^! tables1 & p>ticul>ly ! latt]1 ) ,s*wabe's table ( spots1 is int]e/+4 ,!re is obvi\sly a great] mean v>iation :5 ! spots are mo/ num]\s4 ,comp>+ ! two ) ! tables ( ,hildre?1 9 relation to ! temp]ature1 f #ahcj to #ahdj1 !re is1 to say ! lea/1 a mo/ rem>kable co9cid5ce4 ,& !re are o!rs equally rem>kable4 ,!re are also irregul>ities ( action disclos$ by all1 9 diff]5t mon?s ( ! diff]5t ye>s1 & ( ! same ye>1 :i* are obvi\sly connect$ ) ! diff]5ce ( ! seasons2 & !re are con/antly occurr+ irregul>ities & di/urbances :i* correspond ) !1 z con/antly occurr+1 irregul> atmosph]ic ph5om5a4 ,a wide field is "h op5$ = inve/igation & rese>*4 ,i h n "t or opportunity to pursue x4 ,en\gh appe>s1 s f> z ,i h exam9$1 to confirm ! belief t magnetism is actively conc]n$ 9 ! production ( ! v>i$ *anges1 z well z ! normal conditions ( ! wea!r4 ,9 :at mann] does x act8 ,an answ] to ?is requires an ext5sion ( ! inquiry4 ,! l9es ( magnetic =ce are e in/ant pass+ upw>d f ! e>?1 ar\nd & ?r\gh u4 ,_! connection ) heat is unque/ionable4 ,!y are intimately associat$1 also1 ) ano!r equally obvi\s & int5sely active ag5t--electricity4 ,we speak ( ?is z an indep5d5t1 impond]able1 elem5t>y body1 b h[ little we yet "k ( x4 ,x is e :]e1 9 e ?+1 easily excit$ into action1 & !n traceable to a c]ta91 b limit$ ext5t4 ,x is set 9 motion1 & becomes obvi\s to u1 by ! *emical action ( ! acids & metals ( a galvanic app>atus4 ,we sep>ate x f ! atmosph]e by friction & excitation1 ^u non-conductors1 z 9 ! electric ma*9e2 by ! cleavage ( cry/als & o!r excit+ op]ations4 ,we obta9 x f magnets1 by ! magneto-electric ma*9e1 & f ! l9es ( magnetic =ce :i* are ev] pass+ into ! atmosph]e f ! e>?1 by int]sect+ !m ) a movable iron wire1 prop]ly insulat$4 ,f ! curr5t ( magnetism :i* has pass$ ?r\gh u f ! e>?1 electricity may ?us be sep>at$ & collect$ ov] our heads4 ,we set x 9 motion1 & obta9 x by heat+ diff]5t metals 9 connection1 or ! same metal unequally2 & f c]ta9 animals--l ! torp$o & ! gymnotus--^: organization is su* z to enable !m to evolve x4 ,9 all ^! cases1 & !y con/itute an epitome ( ! pr9cipal me?ods by :i* we obta9 x 9 a di/9ct =m1 x is made to fl[ 9 curr5ts4 ,:5 ?us obta9$1 & imprison$ 9 non-conductors1 x may be dis*>g$1 & ) some:at diff]5t effect1 z x is dis*>g$ 9 a mass1 disruptively1 z x is call$1 z f ! cl\ds 9 lightn+1 or p]mitt$ to fl[ convectively1 9 curr5ts1 along ! wires ( a galvanic app>atus1 or 9 heat$ air1 z f ! e>? to a cl\d 9 ! tornado4 ,x is1 moreov]1 capable ( division into positive & negative1 & :5 conc5trat$ or di/urb$ 9 "o body1 x t5ds to create a simil> di/urbance or division 9 a contigu\s mass4 ,to ?is action ( electricity1 ! t]m /atic induction is appli$4 ,?us1 a positively electrifi$ body induces a division ( ! electricity 9 a contigu\s body1 if bo? are insulat$ or surr\nd$ by a non-conduct+ m$ium2 ! negative electricity ( ! contigu\s body be+ attract$ by1 & t5d+ to pass to1 ! positive ( ! adjo9+ body1 & ! positive be+ repell$ to ! opposite side4 ,t1 9 its turn1 if suffici5tly p[]ful1 t5ds to di/urb ! electricity ( its neighbor1 & attract away its negative electricity2 or1 if ! body :i* conta9s x is free to move1 to attract t4 ,?us1 by ! conflict+ action ( a positive atmosph]e1 & a negative e>?1 & p]haps c\nt]-trade1 influ5c$ by magnetism & ! sol> rays1 ! curr5ts & w9ds ( ! atmosph]e are produc$1 ! atmosph]e mov+ ) exce$+ ease & rapidity4 ,electricity1 excit$ into curr5ts1 or obta9$ & dis*>g$ 9 ei!r ( ! me?ods enum]at$1 is id5tical 9 "*1 & produces c]ta9 well-kn[n effects3 #a/4 ,physiological4--,%ock+ & convuls+ ! animal sy/em2 produc+ a peculi> s5sation on ! tongue1 & a fla% be=e ! eyes1 & 9 suffici5t quantity de/roy+ life4 #b;d4 ,magnetic4--,deflect+ ! ne$le1 &1 by a suitable arrangem5t ( wire into helices1 conf]r+ magnetic p[]1 or con/itut+ magnets4 #c;d4 ,lum9\s4--,produc+ light--by a sp>k1 z x does 9 natural ph5om5a--by ! gl[1 ! bru% dis*>ge1 ! ball ( flame1 ! fla%1 or ! *a9 ( lightn+1 & probably ! aurora4 #d?4 ,evolv+ heat4--,melt+ metallic sub/ances by conc5tration1 ) a great int5sity ( heat--z ! wire ( ! galvanic app>atus1 & z is sometimes se5 9 ! effects ( lightn+ 9 fus+ metals on p]sons /rick52 & sett+ combu/ibles on fire4 #e?4 ,attraction & repulsion4--,attraction1 :5 ! curr5ts fl[ p>allel ) ea* o!r1 or are ( opposite natures1 & repell+ :5 ( l "*4 #f?4 ,induction4--,induc+ att5dant circul> or o!r second>y curr5ts1 su* z may be se5 9 ! atmosph]e dur+ its mo/ viol5t displays ( active en]gy4 #g?4 ,capable ( be+ dissipat$ by heat$ air1 or c>ri$ (f by moi/ure1 al?\gh isolat$ by dry air1 ( ord9>y temp]ature1 :i* is a bad conductor4 ,n[1 al?\gh magnetism c n be collect$1 imprison$1 or dis*>g$1 l electricity1 or collect$ at all1 b by its adh]5ce to "s sub/ance capable ( magnetization1 x is obvi\s !re is an intimate association1 at lea/1 betwe5 x & electricity4 ,!y are nev] f\nd alone4 ,all electricity w magnetize4 ,all magnetism w evolve electricity4 ,all curr5ts ( electricity h encircl+ curr5ts ( magnetism1 & all deflect ! magnetic ne$le4 ,all magnetic curr5ts give out to int]sect+ wires1 curr5ts ( electricity1 & all magnets induce !m4 ,electricity1 !re=e1 :e!r id5tical 9 sub/ance ) magnetism1 b diff]+ 9 =m1 or :e!r m]ely associat$ ) x1 z is v>i\sly believ$1 %\ld be pres5t ) magnetism 9 great] quantity or int5sity :]e magnetism is mo/ int5se1 & active1 & :5ev] pres5t1 %\ld be active & influ5tial4 ,& s we f9d1 f obs]vation1 ! fact to be4 ,no inconsid]able ef=t has be5 made by ! advocates ( ! caloric & me*anical !ories1 to ignore ! ag5cy ( electricity & ( magnetism1 9 ! production ( ! v>i$ meteorological ph5om5a4 ,b x w n d4 ,! ph5om5a1 gr\p$ & analyz$1 disclose a pot5tial-controll+1 magneto-electric ag5cy1 & meteorology w advance rapidly to p]fection1 z a simple1 intelligible1 & practical sci5ce1 z soon z t ag5cy is admitt$4 ,electricity is always p]ceptibly pres5t 9 /orms & %[]s )9 ! tropics4 ,mo/ ( ! ra91 f ! tropical belt1 falls f ?und] %[]s4 ,s hurricanes & typhoons1 & all tropical /orms1 are confess$ly1 & 9 proportion to _! int5sity1 highly electric4 ,?is excess ( quantity or activity ( electricity1 exi/s 9 connection ) ! movable atmosph]ic ma*9]y4 ,:5 x moves up nor? 9 summ]1 & arrives at its highe/ po9t ( nor!rn transit1 /orms are v uncommon1 & ! tropical =ms ( cl\d & %[]s1 ) ?und] & lightn+1 prevail4 ,?is is mo/ obvi\s1 if n mo/ influ5tial1 :]e ! magnetic int5sity is greate/4 ,viol5t %[]s1 & gu/s1 & tornadoes1 are m frequ5t 9 ?is c\ntry ?an 9 ,europe2 & ov] ! area ( greate/ int5sity1 z 9 ,ohio1 ?an at a di/ance on ! extreme ea/]n or we/]n coa/4 ,& ! same is true ov] ! int5se magnetic area ( ,asia4 ,electricity1 too1 l magnetism1 has its diurnal1 & d\btless its annual & dec5nial v>iations1 & also its irregul> ones1 & !y are mo/ obvi\sly & intimately connect$4 ,magnetism & electricity toge!r1 con/itute ! aurora4 ,its culm9ation is 9 ! magnetic m]idian--x affects ! telegraph wires--is connect$ ) ! irregul> di/urbances :i* affect ! magnetic ne$le1 & does n exi/ 9 ! limits ( ! trades1 al?\gh occasionally se5 f !nce1 :5 x passes s\?1 & ne> !m4 ,! aurora sometimes ext5ds s\? 9 waves1 z d ! magneto-electric1 atmosph]ic1 p]iodical *anges ( cold & heat1 & /orm1 & sun%9e4 ,! aurora is connect$ ) ! =mation ( cl\d1 & ) a smoky atmosph]e1 simil> to t ) :i* we are famili> 9 summ] & autumn4 ,?us ,humboldt 7,cosmos1 vol4 i4 pp4 #aia1 #aib74 ,?is connection ( ! pol> light ) ! mo/ delicate cirrus cl\ds1 des]ves special att5tion1 because x %[s t ! electro-magnetic evolution ( light is a "p ( a meteorological process4 ,t]re/rial magnetism "h manife/s its influ5ce on ! atmosph]e1 & on ! cond5sation ( aque\s vapor4 ,! fleecy cl\ds se5 9 ,icel&1 by ,?i5emann1 & :i* he consid]$ to be ! nor!rn light1 h be5 se5 9 rec5t times by ,frankl9 & ,ri*>dson1 ne> ! ,am]ican nor? pole1 & by ,admiral ,wrangel on ! ,sib]ian coa/ ( ! ,pol> ,sea4 ,all rem>k$ 't ! aurora fla%$ =? 9 ! mo/ vivid beams :5 masses ( cirrus-/rata 7 hov]+ 9 ! upp] regions ( ! air1 & :5 ^! 7 s ?9 t _! pres5ce c\ld only be recogniz$ by ! =mation ( a halo r\nd ! moon4' ,^! cl\ds sometimes range !mselves1 ev5 by day1 9 a simil> mann] to ! beams ( ! aurora1 & !n di/urb ! c\rse ( ! magnetic ne$le 9 ! same mann] z ! latt]4 ,on ! morn+ aft] e di/9ct nocturnal aurora1 ! same sup]impos$ /rata ( cl\ds h /ill be5 obs]v$ t _h previ\sly be5 lum9\s4 ,! app>5tly conv]g+ pol> zones 7/reaks ( cl\ds 9 ! direction ( ! magnetic m]idian71 :i* con/antly occupi$ my att5tion dur+ my j\rneys on ! elevat$ plateaux ( ,mexico1 & 9 nor!rn ,asia1 belong1 probably1 to ! same gr\p ( diurnal ph5om5a4 ,mr4 ,william ,/ev5son gives u 79 ! ,london1 ,ed9burgh1 & ,dubl9 ,philosophical ,magaz9e = ,july1 #ahec7 an int]e/+ article on ! connection betwe5 aurora & cl\ds4 ,8 obs]vations on ?is mo/ important bran* ( ! subject trace a connection betwe5 ! aurora & ! =mation ( cl\d1 & op5 up1 z he says1 a mo/ int]e/+ field = obs]vation :i* promises to lead to v important results4 ,su* obs]vations po9t ) great significance1 to ! prim>y influ5ce ( ! magneto-electricity ( ! e>?4 ,to ! diff]5ce 9 ! magnetic int5sity ( ! ea/]n portion ( ?is cont95t1 comp>$ ) ,europe & our we/]n coa/1 v mu* ( ! diff]5ce ( climate1 s f> z temp]ature is involv$1 may be attribut$4 ,we h se5 9 :at mann] ! iso-!rmal l9es surr\nd ^! areas ( int5sity4 ,s ! mo/ excessive climate--t is1 ! climate :]e ! greate/ extremes alt]nate1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 is ^u or ne> ! l9e or area ( greate/ magnetic int5sity4 ,i say o!r ?+s be+ equal1 because l>ge bodies ( wat] modify climates by equaliz+ ! seasons--mak+ ! summ]s cool] & ! w9t]s w>m] ?an ! mean ( ! p>allel4 ,?us1 our great int]ior lakes modify ! climate 9 relation to temp]ature 9 _! vic9ity4 ,_! summ]s are cool] & _! w9t]s w>m]2 b we/w>d ( !m ! same l9e ( equal summ] temp]ature1 or iso-!rmal l9e1 rises ) consid]able abruptness1 & ! w9t]1 or iso-*eimal l9e ( equal temp]ature1 falls 9 a simil> mann]4 ,?us1 ! range ( ! !rmomet]1 f ! highe/ elevation to ! l[e/ depression1 = ! ye>1 is v great1 :ile 9 ! tropics ! range is comp>atively small4 ,f obs]vations made at ! milit>y po/s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,dr4 ,=rey d$uc$ summ] & w9t] l9es ( equal temp]ature1 />t+ f ! vic9ity ( ,bo/on & runn+ we/1 :i* %[$ mo/ rem>kably ! rise ( ! summ] l9es z int5sity increas$1 & ! fall ( ! w9t] l9es 9 l mann]4 ,! influ5ce ( ! lakes 0 also mo/ obvi\s4 ,! elevation ( ! e>? increases1 go+ we/1 to ab\t #gjj feet at ! surface ( ! lakes1 & to ne>ly #d1jjj feet at ! ea/]n base ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s2 &1 al?\gh temp]ature does n decrease to z great a degree :5 ! elevation above ! level ( ! sea is gradual1 yet "s all[ance %\ld d\btless be made = t elevation on ?is l9e4 ,:5 t all[ance is made1 ! asc5t ( ! summ] l9e1 to ! nor?1 ov] ! area ( greate/ int5sity1 is /rik+ly app>5t4 ,dr4 ,=rey also in/itut$ a comp>ison betwe5 ,=t ,snell+1 :]e ! climate is z excessive1 & ! range ( ! !rmomet] z great1 z 9 any portion ( ! cont95t 9 ! same latitude1 ) ,key ,we/1 & ,i copy 8 diagram4 ,x is v in/ructive1 %[+ ! gradual mean rise ( ! temp]ature1 f ,janu>y to ,decemb]1 inclusive1 :ile ! cross l9es %[ ! extremes ( ea* mon?4 ,p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( x1 is ! illu/ration ( ! mon?ly extremes1 & ! contra/ betwe5 !m1 9 ! excessive climate ( ,=t ,snell+1 & ! tropical "o ( ,key ,we/4 ,ea* is a type ( ! climate 9 :i* x is situat$4 ,! annual range & mon?ly extremes are small 9 tropical c\ntries1 & l>ge 9 extra-tropical ones4 ,! extreme range1 or greate/ elevation ( heat1 contr>y to :at is g5]ally suppos$1 is great] at ,=t ,snell+ ?an at ,key ,we/4 ,b ! climate ( ! latt] is modifi$ by ! adjo9+ ocean4 ,i copy1 also1 a table 7p4 #cjd71 %[+ ! range ( ! !rmomet] = ! ye>1 & ! maxima & m9ima1 dur+ ea* mon?1 at sev]al o!r places 9 ?is c\ntry1 & at ,london & ,rome1 = ! purpose ( %[+ ! ext5t ( ! ranges comp>$ ) ^? places2 & also1 t ^! great *anges 9 ea* mon? occur v uni=mly all ov] ! c\ntry1 & may always be expect$1 & ) consid]able regul>ity4 ,!y are incid5t to our climate4 ,i wi% ,i c\ld engrave ! =ego+ diagram1 & ! foll[+ table1 ^u ! m9d ( e man1 woman1 & *ild 9 ! c\ntry2 & "u x1 9 ev]-visible lett]s1 ^! words ( precaution3 ,,con=m ,,to ,,! ,,peculi>ities ,,( ,,y\r ,,climate1 ,,& ,,clo! ,,y\rselves1 ,,at ,,all ,,times1 ,,9 ,,accordance ,,) ,,! ,,alt]nations ,,( ,,! ,,wea!r4 ,if he$$1 !y w\ld save ?\s&s1 e ye>1 f premature dea?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4 ,! effect ( ?is diff]5ce ( magnetic int5sity ^u ! climate ( ,europe is m>k$4 ,!re1 ! excessive summ] heat1 :i* our great] magnetic int5sity & l>g] volume ( c\nt] trade give u1 is unkn[n4 ,h5ce1 :ile we c gr[ ,indian corn 7:i* requires ! excessive summ] heat7 ov] all ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 up to #de deg41 & 9 "s localities ea/ ( ! lakes to #dg deg4 #cj'1 & to #ej deg4 we/ ( !m1 to ! base ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 & not)/&+ ! increase ( elevation1 !y c n gr[ x except ov] a limit$ area1 & ) limit$ success4 ,nor c !y1 or ! inhabitants ( any o!r c\ntry except ,*9a1 gr[ pr(itably ! k9d ( cotton :i* is s successfully gr[n 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ( ! ,union4 ,nor c ,*9a d s to a consid]able ext5t1 because ( ! m\nta9\s "* ( ! surface4 ,to a level & rem>kably wat]$ c\ntry1 great] magnetic & electric int5sity1 & a great] volume ( c\nt]-trade1 we are1 & ev] %all rema91 indebt$1 = an almo/ exclusive monopoly 9 ! gr[? ( two ( ! mo/ important /aple productions ( ! e>?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 al?\gh ! same magnetic int5sity1 & its w9t] excess ( positive electricity & cold1 make our w9t]s extreme1 !re are b few ( ! productions ( temp]ate latitudes :i* we c n gr[ successfully1 & !y are comp>atively unimportant4 ,a ,=t ,vanc\v]1 ,oregon ,t]ritory ,b ,=t ,brady1 outlet ( ,lake ,sup4 ,c ,hancock ,b>racks1 ,h\lton1 ,me4 ,d ,=t ,arm/rong1 ,rock ,isl&1 ,ill4 ,e ,we/ ,po9t1 ,new ,york ,f ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,g ,jeff]son ,b>racks1 ne> ,/4 ,l\is ,h ,=t ,k+1 int]ior ( ,ea/ ,florid4 ,i ,environs ( ,london ,k ,rome1 ,italy ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,h ,i ,j ,k ,lat4 #de deg4 #df deg4 #df deg4 #da deg4 #da deg4 #ch deg4 #ch deg4 #bi deg4 #ea deg4 #da deg4 #cg' #ci' #aj' #bh' #bb' #ec' #bh' #ab' #ca' #ed' ,annual ,range4 #gh #aaj #aah #ajf #ia #hd #hi #gh #fg #fb ,jan4 ,m94 #ag -#ba -#bd -#aj -#a #ad #aj #cc #af #bi ,max4 #eh #dj #da #dh #ec #eg #fj #hc #di #eh ,feb4 ,m94 #cb -#bb -#aa -#f #b #af #aa #dc #ai #cc ,max4 #ee #dd #db #ef #ef #fb #gj #hd #ed #fj ,m>4 ,m94 #cb -#g -#a #ac #af #bh #ca #ci #bd #cg ,max4 #fj #ea #ed #gj #gb #gj #gf #hg #fj #fe ,apr4 ,m94 #cb #ah #bd #cc #dj #cf #ch #ed #bf #dd ,max4 #gj #fb #gd #gh #fb #gc #hc #ic #fi #gd ,may4 ,m94 #cb #cb #ha #dd #dg #ej #de #fd #cc #eb ,max4 #ge #gi #hc #hd #gb #he #hh #ig #gh #hj ,june4 ,m94 #de #da #ch #eg #eg #ei #ei #gc #ci #fj ,max4 #ie #hf #ij #hi #gi #ib #ie #aje #hj #hh ,july4 ,m94 #dj #ci #de #fb #fd #fd #ej #gc #da #fd ,max4 #ie #hd #ij #ie #hf #id #if #ajb #hc #ia ,aug4 ,m94 #dd #di #df #fj #fb #fc #ff #gb #db #fb ,max4 #ie #hd #he #ia #hg #ic #if #ajd #gi #ia ,sept4 ,m94 #dc #dj #cc #ea #ef #ea #ea #gj #cd #ee ,max4 #hh #ge #gh #hg #hc #hh #hh #ii #ge #he ,oct4 ,m94 #ej #bg #bd #hb #db #cc #ch #da #cj #df ,max4 #ff #gj #gb #gc #fi #gg #hj #ia #fh #gg ,nov4 ,m94 #cb #ae #d #bf #cf #bh #bg #cj #bb #ci ,max4 #eh #eh #fj #fd #fc #ff #fi #hb #ef #fg ,dec4 ,m94 #cb -#g -#d #ae #bj #ag #ad #cf #bj #ca ,max4 #ee #db #ec #fb #ef #fa #fd #gi #ec #fj ,?is excess ( magnetic int5sity & electricity n only gives a peculi> "* to our vegetation1 b also to our race1 our animals1 & e ?+4 ,he :o supposes t ! re/less activity & en]gy ( ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is ! result ( habit1 or education1 or any =tuit\s circum/ances alone1 is mi/ak54 ,let him wat* ! contra/ 9 8 own feel+s dur+ ^? occasional languid1 damp1 & sultry1 al?\gh n !rmometrically1 hot days--:i* s mu* resemble ! summ] wea!r ( ,engl&--) ^? days ( bright1 brac+1 ,n4 ,w4 & ,s4 ,w4 air1 s mu* m frequ5t "h1 & he w appreciate ! diff]5ce4 ,t t]m brac+1 s mu* 9 use1 w express ! effect ( ?is peculi> wea!r4 ,x girds up ! lo9s1 bo? ( body & m9d4 ,m5 & animals c "w ) m ease1 ev5 9 our peculi> extremes ( heat1 ?an !y c 9 ,engl&1 & fatt5 ) less4 ,a simil> diff]5ce 9 degree is f\nd betwe5 our climate & t ( ! ,pacific portion ( our c\ntry4 ,some?+ is due to ! diff]5ce 9 ! volume & moi/ure ( ! c\nt]-trades1 & some?+ to ! contiguity ( ! ,pacific ,ocean2 b to ! diff]5ce 9 magneto-electric int5sity1 ! contra/ is ma9ly due4 ,corn & cotton w be gr[n1 to "s ext5t1 9 ! valleys we/ ( ! m]idian ( #aje deg41 b nev] z successfully z ea/ ( x4 ,! aurora is p]iodical1 l all ! o!r atmosph]ic ph5om5a1 b its p]iodicity is n accurately asc]ta9$4 ,x is believ$ to h occurr$ mu* (t5] dur+ ! second qu>t] ( ?is c5tury1 ?an dur+ ! fir/4 ,x is kn[n1 h[ev]1 to occur mo/ frequ5tly 9 ! spr+ & fall2 & dur+ ^? p]iods :5 ! active & rapid transit ( ! atmosph]ic ma*9]y produces ! greate/ degree ( magnetic di/urbance4 ,?is id5tifies x ) t]re/rial magnetism4 ,dalton gives u ! foll[+ table ( obs]vations1 arrang$ accord+ to ! mon?s :5 !y 7 se54 ,jan4 ,feb4 ,m>4 ,apr4 ,may4 ,june4 ,july4 ,aug4 ,sept4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 7#a7 #ah #ah #bf #cb #ba #e #b #ba #bc #cf #ch #i 7#b7 #ba #ah #bc #ac #c #b #a #c #ce #bb #bb #ba 7#c7 #ba #bg #bb #ab #a #e #g #i #cd #ej #bf #ae 7#d7 #e #f #d #h #aj #g #f #ad #ad #ag #e #f 7#a7 conta9s ^? obs]v$ by him at ,k5dall2 7#b7 are tak5 f ano!r li/2 7#c7 is ,,m>ian',s li/ ( ^? obs]v$ be=e #agcb2 & 7#d71 ^? se5 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york 9 #ahbh & #ahcj4 ,mr4 ,/ev5son's table ( ^? obs]v$ by him at ,dunse1 f #ahch to #ahdg1 inclusive1 is z foll[s3 ,jan4 ,feb4 ,m>4 ,apr4 ,may4 ,june4 ,july4 ,aug4 ,sept4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 #cb #bj #ah #ah #c #j #b #ad #dc #cd #cj #bc ,obs]vations 9 ?is c\ntry correspond sub/antially ) ! =ego+4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 se5 "h 9 ! summ] mon?s m frequ5tly ?an 9 ,europe4 ,see an article by ,mr4 ,h]rick 7,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 vol4 #cc4 p4 #big74 ,9 ?is1 also1 !y con=m to our great] magnetic int5sity & m excessive climate4 ,! auroras appe> to foll[ ! pol> belts ( cond5sation & precipitation4 ,dalton consid]s !m indications ( fair wea!r4 ,!y are (t5 mo/ brilliant j aft] a /orm has pass$1 b _! cont9uance is no indication t ano!r w n foll[ )9 ! usual p]iod4 ,! cond5sation ) :i* ! aurora is connect$1 is n1 9 my judgm5t1 (t5 9 ! c\nt]-trade1 or bel[ x1 b above1 :]e feeble cond5sation has be5 se5 by a]onauts :5 invisible at ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,nei!r ! height ( ?is cond5sation1 n t ( ! aurora1 h be5 satisfactorily asc]ta9$4 ,! aurora ( ,april #g?1 #ahdg1 0 a favorable "o = obs]vation4 ,x 0 c>efully & att5tively wat*$ by ,pr(essor ,olm/$1 ,mr4 ,h]rick1 ,dr4 ,ellswor?1 & o!rs1 & !y are intellig5t & skillful obs]v]s4#i ,b ! nature ( ! aurora =bids reliance on p>allax1 or measurem5ts f\nd$ on ! "t :51 any portion ( ! b[ or ar* rises 9 range ( a p>ticul> />4 ,! b[ or ar* moves s\?w>dly1 b ! same rays or curr5ts d n4 ,! wave ( magnetic activity moves s\?1 & ea* successive curr5t1 z x is rea*$ by ! impulse1 becomes lum9\s4 ,h5ce ! obs]v]s1 :5 di/ant1 d n see1 at ! same "t1 or at diff]5t times1 ! same rays4 ,! ph5om5on is unque/ionably magneto-electric4 ,electricity becomes lum9\s 9 a vacuum1 & ,de la ,rive1 by comb9+ ! electric curr5ts ) ^? ( magnetism1 produc$ all ! peculi>ities ( ! aurora4 ,! magnetic curr5ts1 pass+ f ! e>?1 h associat$ electric ones 9 connection1 & ^!1 9 ! upp] att5uat$ atmosph]e1 become lum9\s4 ,:e!r1 z ,de ,la ,rive supposes1 by comb9+ ) ! positive electricity exi/+ !re1 or because ! associat$ electric curr5ts are !n 9 excess1 n be+ int]cept$ by atmosph]ic vapor & return$ to ! e>? 9 ra91 we c n "k1 nor is x v important we %\ld4 ,hav+ ?us tak5 a g5]al view ( ! nature ( magnetism & its associat$ electricities1 & _! connection ) ! g5]al & obvi\s peculi>ities ( climate1 let u approa* m ne>ly ! v>i$ atmosph]ic ph5om5a1 result+ f v>iations ( pressure1 temp]ature1 cond5sation1 & w9d1 & give !m a clos] consid]ation4 ,!y all h regul>ity & p]iodicity--!y all occur 9 degree1 & 9 connection ) magnetism & electricity1 dur+ ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs ( e s]5e & normal summ]'s day4 ,gr\p$ toge!r1 9 comp>ison ) ! *anges 9 ! activity & =ce ( ! magnetic elem5ts1 _! connection is cle>ly disc]nible4 ,! day may be said1 ) tru?1 to comm5ce1 9 "s portion ( ! summ]1 at #d ,a4,m4 ,! atmosph]ic does at all seasons4 ,at t h\r ! b>omet] is at its morn+ m9imum4 ,x has1 z we h said1 a p]ceptible diurnal v>iation ( two maxima & two m9ima4 ,its p]iods ( depression are at #d ,a4,m41 & #d ,p4,m41 & ( elevation at #aj ,a4,m41 & #aj ,p4,m4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! elevation & depression is consid]able )9 ! tropics1 :]e ,humboldt tells u ! h\r ( ! day c be kn[n by ! height ( ! b>omet]1 & x decreases t[>d ! poles4 ,at #d ,a4,m4 x is !n at "o ( its m9ima1 & rises till #aj o'clock4 ,at1 or ab\t ! same p]iod1 & sometimes :5 ! b>omet] is fall+1 & previ\s !reto1 !re is a t5d5cy to fog 9 localities subject to t cond5sation4 ,?is t5d5cy is sometimes obs]v$ at ! o!r b>ometric m9imum1 late 9 ! aft]noon or e>ly 9 ! ev5+1 b less frequ5tly4 ,! t5d5cy to fog cond5sation is greate/ 9 ?is c\ntry ab\t ! morn+ m9imum4 ,x seems to be ow+ to ! influ5ce ( ! e>?2 x is conf9$ to ! surface atmosph]e1 & is app>5tly produc$ by ! inductive ag5cy ( ! negative electricity ( ! e>?4 ,x disappe>s1 :e!r x be high or l[ fog1 ab\t ! "t :5 ! b>omet] atta9s its morn+ maximum1 or ab\t #aj ,a4,m4 ,at ab\t t p]iod1 :5 !re has be5 fog1 or e>li]1 :5 !re has n1 & sometimes z e>ly z #h ,a4,m41 !re is a t5d5cy to trade cond5sation--cirrus 9 mid-w9t]1 & a cumulus 9 mid-summ]1 &1 dur+ ! int]m$iate "t1 a t5d5cy to cirro-/ratus1 p>tak+ m or less ( ! "* ( "o or ! o!r1 accord+ to ! season4 ,temp]ature1 9 summ]1 comm5ces its diurnal elevation ab\t #d ,a4,m41 also1 & rises till ab\t #b ,p4,m4 ,f t "t x falls ) v little v>iation till #d o'clock ! next morn+4 ,x has b "o maximum & "o m9imum 9 ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,z ! morn+ b>ometric maximum approa*es1 & ! heat increases ! magnetic activity1 cond5sation 9 ! trade appe>s1 or induc$ cond5sation 9 ! upp] portion ( ! surface atmosph]e1 t portion ne> ! e>? is affect$ & attract$--& ! w9d rises1 accord+ to ! locality1 ! season1 & ! activity ( ! cond5sation4 ,! t5d5cy to bl[ increases ) ! t5d5cy to trade & cumulus cond5sation1 & cont9ues till t[>d night1 :5 x gradually dies away1 unless !re be a /orm approa*+4 ,z ! heat increases1 & /imulates magnetism into activity1 ! magnetic ne$le comm5ces mov+ to ! we/1 its regul> diurnal v>iation1 & cont9ues to d s until ab\t #b ,p4,m41 :5 x comm5ces return+ to ! ea/1 & s cont9ues to return until #aj ,p4,m41 :5 x moves we/ aga9 until #b ,a4,m41 & f !nce to ! ea/1 till #h ,a4,m4 ,simil> v>iations also take place 9 ! horizontal =ce1 z ev9c$ by ! action ( ! magnetomet] ne$le1 & 9 ! v]tical =ce1 z %[n by ! oscillations4 ,s t x is evid5t t !re are two maxima1 & two m9ima ( magnetic activity e day1 %[n by all ! me?ods by :i* we measure magnetic action & =ce--m ?an d\ble at ! acme ( nor!rn summ] transit ov] t ( w9t]1 & proce$+ p>i passu1 ) ! o!r daily ph5om5a--ev9c+ ! same irregul> action :i* ! o!r ph5om5a ev9ce4 ,/ill ano!r ph5om5on1 :i* has a daily *ange1 is electric t5sion1 or ! increase or decrease 9 ! t5sion ( ! positive or true atmosph]ic electricity4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4 ,! foll[+ table %[s ! mean two h\rly t5sions = ?ree ye>s1 at ,kew1 viz43 ,h\rs #ab ,p4,m4 #b ,a4,m4 #d ,a4,m4 #f ,a4,m4 #h ,a4,m4 #aj ,a4,m4 ,numb] ( obs]vations #fee #ghd #hjd #eff #a1jdg #a1jac ,t5sion #bb4f #bj4a #bj4e #cd4b #fh4b #hh4a ,h\rs #ab ,a4,m4 #b ,p4,m4 #d ,p4,m4 #f ,p4,m4 #h ,p4,m4 #aj ,p4,m4 ,numb] ( obs]vations #hdh #heh #hgh #hgd #hgh #a1jjg ,t5sion #ge4d #ga4e #fi4a #hd4h #ajb4d #ajd ,f ?is x w be se5 t ! t5sion ( electricity is at a m9imum at #d ,a4,m41 also1 t x rises till #aj1 falls till #d ,p4,m41 b n z rapidly1 rises till #aj1 falls aga9 till #d ,a4,m41 or ! close ( ! meteorological day--hav+ two maxima & m9ima1 z h mo/ ( ! ph5om5a ?us f> consid]$4 ,9 ord] to see :at ! connections betwe5 ^! ev]-pres5t1 daily ph5om5a are1 & _! connection ) o!r ph5om5a1 & t we may und]/& _! normal conditions1 ,i w trace !m approximately 9 a diagram 7figure #ag47 ,! =ego+ diagram ( ! daily ph5om5a ( a summ]'s day1 :5 no di/urb+ causes are 9 op]ation1 no /orm exi/+ )9 influ5tial di/ance1 & no unusual int5sity or irregul> action ( any ( ! =ces pres5t1 af=ds a basis = consid]+ ! v>i\s ph5om5a ( ! wea!r 9 all its *anges & conditions4 ,x is obvi\s t ! o!r ph5om5a d n all dep5d ^u temp]ature m]ely1 if inde$ any ( !m d4 ,temp]ature has b "o maximum & m9imum1 & t is exce$+ly regul>1 & does n correspond ) any o!r4 ,! b>omet] has two2 electric t5sion1 two2 magnetic activity1 two2 cond5sation1 two--"o ! =mation ( cl\d1 & ! o!r ! =mation ( fog & dew2 w9d1 "o--resembl+ temp]ature 9 t respect1 b embrac+ a mu* less p]iod4 ,fog =ms at "o b>ometric m9imum1 & cl\d at ano!r4 ,fog =ms at "o p]iod ( ! magnetic v>iation1 cl\d at ano!r4 ,! =mation ( cl\d corresponds ) ! greate/ int5sity ( magnetic action1 & its associate electricities4 ,b ! oscillations ( ! b>omet] d n correspond ) ei!r4 ,& ?us1 !n1 we connect !m3 ,,cause4 ,,effect4 ,,effect4 ,increase ( magnetic,decrease ( pressure4 ,increase ( prim>y or magneto-electric cond5sation4 activity1 z %[n ,( positive electric by decl9ation & t5sion4 ,( w9d4 increase ( horizontal & ,( surface cond5sation1,( electrical di/urbance v]tical =ce4 i4 e41 fog & dew4 & ph5om5a 9 ! trade & its vic9ity4 ,?is connection is equally obvi\s if ! ord] is rev]s$--?us2 ,,cause4 ,,effect4 ,,effect4 ,decrease ( magnetic,increase ( pressure4 ,disappe>ance ( prim>y or magneto-electric cond5sation4 activity4 ,( t5sion ( atmosph]ic electricity4,( w9d1 & ,( surface cond5sation1,( electric di/urbance i4 e41 fog & dew4 9 ! trade & its vic9ity4 ,if we exam9e /ill m p>ticul>ly ! diff]5t ph5om5a1 we %all f9d ! same relative action ( ! =ces c>ri$ into all ! atmosph]ic conditions1 h[ev] viol5t4 #a4 ,! b>omet] falls :5 horizontal magnetic =ce1 & a t5d5cy to cl\d & w9d1 increase2 & rises :5 !y decrease4 ,?is corresponds ) ! "* ( ! irregul> b>ometric oscillation4 ,b>ometric depressions accompany cl\ds & w9ds1 & are 9 proportion to !m1 & are all greate/ :]e magnetic =ce is greate/4 ,! b>omet] also rises z ! magnetic en]gy decreases4 ,d ! magnetic curr5ts1 pass+ upw>d ) increas$ =ce1 lift1 elevate ! atmosph]e8 ,h[1 !n1 are we to expla9 ! increas$ range ( ! oscillations1 z ! c5t] ( atmosph]ic ma*9]y is rea*$1 :]e magnetism has lea/ int5sity1 & ! p]p5dicul> curr5ts are less1 & attraction is less8 ,attraction is greate/ :]e int5sity is greate/1 & !re ! b>omet] /&s highe/1 & ! diurnal range is lea/4 ,is x !n ! attraction ( magnetism :i* produces ! b>ometric oscillations8 ,if s1 h[ !n c we expla9 ! diurnal fall :ile magnetism is mo/ active8 ,p]haps we h n yet arriv$ at su* a k ( ! nature ( magnetism z is necess>y to a correct answ] ( ^? que/ions4 ,f>aday has taught u t ! l9es ( magnetic =ce are close curves1 pass+ into ! atmosph]e1 & ov] to ! opposite hemisph]e1 & return+ ?r\gh ! e>?1 out on ! opposite side 9 l mann]1 & back aga91 pass+ twice ?r\gh ! e>? & twice ?r\gh ! atmosph]e4 ,all we "k ( ?is is :at ! iron fil+s indicate1 & we d n "k h[ mu* reliance to place ^u ! indications !y give4 ,b if ,f>aday is "r1 ! sun w1 twice ea* day1 int]sect & /imulate into increas$ activity ! same clos$ magnetic curve--once :5 x is com+ out ( ! e>?1 dur+ our day1 :5 its influ5ce w be ! mo/ active1 & once :5 x is return+ on ! opposite side ( ! e>?2 & a second1 b feebl] magnetic & electric maximum1 may be occasion$ by its action on ! opposite & return+ clos$ curve ( ! same curr5t4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 x is exce$+ly difficult to conceive1 ( any adequate influ5ce ex]t$ by ! t5sion ( vapor4 ,s ! mid-day b>ometric m9imum may be caus$ by ! attraction ( ! e>?1 9 a /ate ( increas$ magnetic activity & int5sity1 ^u ! c\nt]-trade1 & its consequ5t approa* or settl+ t[>d ! e>?4 ,obs]vation1 z ,i h already said1 po9t$ly indicates su* a /ate ( ?+s4 ,s ! increas$ magnetic activity1 ) or by its associate electricity1 acts ^u ! electricity ( ! c\nt]-trade1 cond5sation takes place1 ! electricity is di/urb$ 9 ! surface-atmosph]e1 by induction1 & its t5sion is *ang$4 ,opposite electrical conditions are induc$ 9 ! surface /rata1 & attraction takes place4 ,! air moves easily1 & ?us ! attractions orig9ate ! w9ds4 ,second>y curr5ts are induc$1 z 9 all o!r cases ( electric activity1 & w9ds1 9 diff]5t /rata & directions1 occur1 ) or )\t cumulus1 or scud cond5sation1 accord+ to _! activity1 & ! proportion ( moi/ure ( evaporation !y may conta94 ,i am well aw>e t ! v>i\s receiv$ !ories ( meteorology attribute cond5sation to ! action ( cold1 m+l+ ( cold] /rata1 etc4 ,b ,i ?9k t view w h to be ab&on$4 ,x assumes t moi/ure is evaporat$ & held 9 ! atmosph]e by lat5t heat1 :i* is giv5 out dur+ cond5sation1 & actually w>ms ! surr\nd+ atmosph]e4 ,?us1 ! ,kew ,committee und]took to expla9 ! developm5t ( great] heat1 at ! elevation :]e !y1 9 fact1 f\nd ! c\nt]-trade4 ,b h[ unphilosophical to suppose a portion ( ! air or vapor conta9$ 9 x1 c give out to ano!r adjo9+ portion m heat ?an is necess>y to produce an equilibrium4 ,?is c1 inde$1 be done by exp]im5t--b ! exp]im5t is made ) curr5ts ( electricity4 ,h[ unphilosophical1 too1 to talk ( lat5t heat 9 connection ) evaporation1 at ! l[e/ temp]ature kn[n4 ,meteorologi/s mu/ revise _! op9ions on ! subject ( cond5sation4 ,?is lat5t heat has nev] be5 actually met )2 on ! contr>y1 ! mo/ sudd5 & complete cond5sations ( ! vapor ( ! atmosph]e are att5d$ by z sudd5 & extraord9>y productions ( cold1 & consequ5t hail1 & ! connection betwe5 cond5sation & electricity is %[n by too _m facts to p]mit ! old !ory to /&4 ,fog nev] =ms ) ! !rmomet] bel[ #cb deg44 ,x is ma9ly a summ] cond5sation1 especially high fog4 ,x has be5 attribut$ to ! cool+ effect ( an atmosph]e cold] ?an ! e>?1 b x (t5 occurs :5 ! e>? is ! colde/1 & :5 ! vapor1 z x rises1 is cold] ?an ! air1 & c\ld n give out heat to a w>m] m$ium4 7,see ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 vol4 xliv4 p4 #dj47 ,aga91 x is n m]e cond5sation1 b a =mation ( globules or vesicles1 holl[1 & ! air exp&$ 9 !m1 by means ( :i* !y float l a soap bubble :i* conta9s ! w>m air ( ! brea?4 ,is n e vesicle a model %[]1 positively electrifi$ on ! outside1 negatively 9 ! c5t]1 or ! rev]se1 accord+ to ! /rata1 ) ! air exp&$ 9 ! middle by ! excess ( heat :i* negative electricity deta9s8 ,look at !m1 z !y atta* !mselves to ! sl5d] nap ( ! clo? y we>1 :5 pass+ ?r\gh !m1 & see h[ _m ( !m x w\ld require to =m a l>ge drop ( ra94 ,! cl\ds are ( a simil> vesicul> "*1 & ra9 does n fall till ! vesicles unite to =m drops4 ,sudd5 & extreme cold is inde$ produc$ 9 ! hail-/orm1 :51 above1 bel[1 & ar\nd x1 ! temp]ature is unaffect$4 ,te/u1 ,wise1 & o!r a]onauts1 h s f\nd x1 & ! hail tells u x is s4 ,b x is idle to say x results f radiation4 ,all ! ph5om5a ( ! sudd51 viol5t hail-/orms are electric 9 an extraord9>y degree4 ,! electricity is di/urb$ & sep>at$--! associat$ heat cont9ues ) ! negative1 & leaves ! positive portion ( ! cl\d1 & a correspond+ r$uction ( temp]ature results4 ,s ,masson f\nd 9 8 eudiometrical analytical exp]im5ts ! negative wire w\ld heat to fusion1 :ile ! positive 0 cold4 7,see ,london1 ,ed9burgh1 & ,dubl9 ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce = ,decemb]1 #ahec47 ,?is di/urb$ electricity is diffus$ ov] ! vesicles4 ,li/5 to ! ?\s& crackl+ s\nds :i* initiate ! clap ( ?und]1 & may be he>d :5 ! lightn+ /rikes ne> y2 produc$ by ! ga!r+ ( ! lightn+ f z _m po9ts ( ! cl\d :]e x 0 diffus$1 to unite 9 "o curr5t & produce ! clap or peal--& to ! p\r+ ( ! ra91 :i* foll[s ! union ( ! vesicles1 aft] ! excess ( repell+ electricity is dis*>g$4 ,no *ange ( temp]ature is obs]v$ :5 fogs =m1 except ! ord9>y *ange betwe5 night & day2 & x seems p]fectly obvi\s1 9 look+ at all ! ph5om5a1 t fogs =m at a temp]ature ( #gj deg4 or #ge deg41 9 consequ5ce ( ! electric influ5ce ( ! e>? ^u ! adjo9+ surface-atmosph]e2 &1 :5 =m$1 !y )/& ! mo/ int5se action ( a summ] sun1 till ! "t ( day arrives = ! b>ometric & electric t5sion to fall1 cond5sation to take place 9 ! c\nt]-trade above1 & w9d to be induc$4 ,:o t has notic$ ! almo/ bli/]+ =ce ( ! sol> rays1 z !y break ?r\gh a section ( high fog1 ab\t #aj ,a4,m41 c =get !m4 ,fogs =m ne> ! e>?1 dur+ ! night1 :5 ! atmosph]e above is load$ ) moi/ure _m degrees cold]1 & yet rema9s free f cond5sation4 ,on ! o!r h&1 dur+ ! heat ( ! day1 & ( ! hotte/ days1 ! heavy ra9s cond5se above--nay1 !y frequ5tly fall at a temp]ature ( #ge deg4 to #hj deg41 9 ! tropics1 & ( #ej deg4 to #ee deg4 9 mid-w9t] "h4 ,?us f>1 an adh]5ce to ! op9ion t cond5sation 0 simply a cool+ process2 ! driv+ out ( its lat5t heat1 n m]ely to ano!r body to make an equilibrium1 b gett+ rid ( x by positive active radiation1 or 9 "s o!r way1 s z to cool (f & cond5se1 has involv$ ! =mation & classification ( cl\ds 9 obscurity4 ,hopk9s 7,atmosph]ic ,*anges1 p4 #cca7 lam5ts ?is1 b fett]$ by a false & imp]fect !ory1 9 relation to ! t5sion ( vapor1 he falls into a simil> error4 ,n[1 !re are1 z we h se51 peculi>1 di/9ctly-m>k$ v>ieties ( cl\d1 connect$ ) peculi> & di/9ctly-m>k$ conditions ( ! atmosph]e1 irrespective ( temp]ature4 ,none ( ! !ories advanc$1 acc\nt1 or pr(ess to acc\nt = ! diff]5ces 9 ei!r4 ,no modification ( ! calorific !ory w acc\nt = !m4 ,!y diff] 9 %ape1 9 color1 9 t5d5cy to precipitation1 9 l9e ( progress1 & 9 electrical "*4 ,! explanation ( ?is is f\nd 9 ! fact1 t !y =m 9 di/9ct & diff]5t /rata1 p>take ( ! positive electric "* ( ! "o1 or ! negative ( ! o!r2 or are second>y1 induc$ by ! action ( a prim>y cond5sation 9 a diff]5t /ratum4 ,!re is n any m+l+ ( ! diff]5t /rata1 z has be5 suppos$2 & _m o!r facts ?an ^? to :i* we h allud$1 %[ t ! =mation ( cl\d is a magneto-electric process4 ,! obs]vations ( ,reid %[ t e viol5t %[] cl\d has ! electricities di/urb$1 & portions ( x are positive1 & o!rs negative4 ,h[>d gives u ! foll[+ resume ( ,reid's obs]vations3 ,f an att5tive exam9ation ( ,reid's obs]vations ,i h be5 able to d$uce ! foll[+ g5]al results3 #a4 ,! positive electricity1 common to fair wea!r1 (t5 yields to a negative /ate be=e ra94 #b4 ,9 g5]al1 ! ra9 t fir/ falls1 aft] a depression ( ! b>omet]1 is ,,negative4 #c4 ,above =ty cases ( ra91 9 "o hundr$1 give negative electricity2 al?\gh ! /ate ( ! atmosph]e is positive1 be=e & aft]w>d4 #d4 ,positive ra91 9 a positive atmosph]e1 occurs m r>ely3 p]haps fifte5 times 9 "o hundr$4 #e4 ,sn[ & hail1 unmix$ ) ra91 are positive1 almo/ )\t exception4 #f4 ,ne>ly =ty cases ( ra91 9 "o hundr$1 affect$ ! app>atus ) bo? k9ds ( electricity2 sometimes ) an int]val1 9 :i* no ra9 fell2 & s1 t a positive %[] 0 succe$$ by a negative2 &1 vice v]sa2 at o!rs1 ! two k9ds alt]nately took place dur+ ! same %[]2 &1 x %\ld seem1 ) a space ( non-electric ra9 betwe5 !m4 ,h[>d attributes1 ) great app>5t probability1 ! successive diff]5ces 9 ! electrical "* ( ! ra91 to ! passage ( diff]5t portions ( ! cl\d1 hav+ diff]5t pol>ity1 ov] ! place ( obs]vation4 ,s positive hail1 & negative ra9 fall 9 p>allel b&s f ! same cl\d4 ,_m su* in/ances are on record4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t he is describ+ ! ph5om5a 9 ! %[]y climate ( ,engl&4 ,b ! mo/ decisive1 p]haps1 z well z practically important evid5ce ( ! influ5ce ( magnetism1 or magneto-electricity1 9 meteorological ph5om5a1 is d]iv$ f ! action ( /orms4 ,my obs]vation has be5 limit$1 = my life has be51 & mu/ be1 a practical "o4 ,b1 subject to future1 & ,i hope spe$y corroboration1 or correction1 by ext5sive sy/ematic obs]vation1 ,i ?9k ,i may v5ture to divide all /orms into f\r k9ds3 #a4 ,^? :i* come to u f ! tropics1 & con/itute ! class inve/igat$ by ,mr4 ,r$field4 ,t ^! are ( a magneto-electric "* is evid5t4 ,!y orig9ate ne> ! l9e ( magnetic int5sity1 ov]1 or 9 ! vic9ity (1 ! volcanic isl&s ( ! tropics2 are l>gely accompani$ by electrical ph5om5a2 ext5d lat]ally z !y progress nor?2 induce & create a *ange ( temp]ature 9 advance ( !m1 & d n abate until !y pass (f ov] ! ,atlantic to ! ,e4 or ,n4 ,e41 & p]haps n until !y rea* ! ,arctic circle4 ,_! ext5sive & cont9u$ action is n ow+ to any m]e me*anical ag5cy ( ! adjo9+ passive air1 or o!r suppos$ curr5ts1 orig9at$1 no man c tell h[1 b !y conc5trate ^u !mselves ! local magnetic curr5ts z !y pass ov] & int]sect !m1 &1 by _! inductive action ^u ! surface-atmosph]e1 9 diff]5t directions1 attract x "u !m1 & )9 _! m active influ5ce4 ,"h ! action ( ! magnetic curr5ts is probably ! prim>y cause1 b ! p[] ( ! /orm to conc5trate ^u itself ! new magnetic curr5ts :i* x int]sects z x ent]s ea* new1 successive field1 enables !m to ma9ta9 & ext5d _! action4 ,! foll[+ diagram illu/rates ! c\rse & gradual enl>gem5t ( a mid-autumn tropical /orm1 :i* induces a ,s4 ,e4 w9d 9 front1 & occasions a ?aw4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4 #b4 ,ano!r class orig9ate at ! ,n4 ,w41 & ext5d gradually s\? ea/]ly on ! magnetic m]idian4 ,^! are mo/ frequ5t 9 summ]1 =m+ belts ( %[]s1 b occur1 ,i believe1 at all seasons ( ! ye>4 ,!y seem to be produc$ by magnetic waves pass+ s\?1 & are foll[$ 9 autumn & w9t]1 & sometimes 9 summ]1 by ! peculi> ,n4 ,w4 w9d & scud1 & a t]m ( cool] wea!r4 ,?us1 x is believ$ t _m1 p]haps all ( ! alt]nat+ t]ms ( heat & cold1 are dep5d5t on magnetic waves pass+ ov] ! c\ntry 9 a simil> mann]1 ) a great] or less belt ( cond5sation betwe5 !m1 & dep5d+ on peculi> magnetic action travel+ 9 ! same way4 ,! ,s4 ,e4 ext5sion ( %[]s & /orms1 & ! cool] *anges ( temp]ature :i* imm$iately foll[ !m2 ) light ,n4 ,w4 w9d 9 mid-summ]1 & ) x fre%] at e>li] & lat] p]iods1 9 ! =m ( nor!rs bl[+ viol5tly1 accord+ to ! season1 are intimately connect$1 & indicate su* waves4 ,! indication is /r5g!n$ also by ! frequ5t progress ( auroras 9 l mann]1 occurr+ usually aft] ! belt ( cond5sation has pass$1 & frequ5tly foll[+ x4 ,! cl\ds & curr5ts ( ! atmosph]e1 s f> z ,i h be5 able to discov]1 %[ no p]man5t curr5t f ! pole to ! atmosph]ic equator1 comp5sat+ = ! c\nt]-trade2 & t comp5sation is furni%$ by ! p]iodical b frequ5t atmosph]ic waves1 connect$ ) ! p]iodical *anges ( /orm1 & cl\d1 & sun%9e1 :i* gradually ext5d f nor? to s\?1 9 or ne> ! magnetic m]idian4 ,p]haps su* comp5sat+ curr5ts are f\nd we/ ( ! magnetic poles1 z we h sugge/$1 & make ! ,n4 ,e4 & nor!rly dry w9ds ( ,we/]n ,europe & ! ,pacific2 b1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( our k1 x is impossible to say t !y are4 ,if x be s1 ! comp5sation !y furni% mu/ be small2 = ! volume ( c\nt]-trade :i* is n depol>iz$ be=e x rea*es ! ,arctic circle1 & :i* passes r\nd ! magnetic pole1 mu/ be v small4 ,a majority ( our p]iodical *anges1 dur+ ! nor!rn transit1 & ,i believe at all seasons1 are ( ?is "*2 &1 ,i h reason to believe1 f obs]vation1 9 "o or two cases1 t :]e belts ( ra9s & %[]s beg91 ov] any locality 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !y may assume ?is "*4 ,i h be5 9 ,s>atoga :5 an ea/]ly /orm comm5c$ s\? ( t place2 ! cond5sation & mack]el sky be+ visible at ! s\?1 & no cl\d =mation or ra9 occurr+ !re at ! "t1 & h trac$ x aft]w>d z a belt :i* _h a lat]al ext5sion s\?-ea/w>d4 ,leav+ t place imm$iately aft] a belt _h pass$ s\?1 ,i h ov]tak5 x by railroad1 & run into x aga9 be=e arriv+ at ,new ,york2 & witness$ its subsequ5t ext5sion s\?-ea/w>dly1 out ov] ! ,atlantic4 ,i h witness$ ! approa* ( su* a belt 9 ! spr+1 at ,s&usky1 ^u ,lake ,erie1 & its passage ov] to ! ,s4 ,e41 foll[$ by ! ,n4 ,w4 w9d1 z ,mr4 ,bassnett describes !m at ,ottawa1 & run "u ! att5uat$ edge ( ! same belt1 on ! same day1 on ! way to ,pittsburg1 leav+ ! ,n4 ,w4 w9d beh9d1 b f9d+ x pres5t aga9 ) cle> sky on ! foll[+ morn+4 ,i h se5 hundr$s ( !m approa* f ! nor?1 & pass to ,s4 ,e41 out ov] ! ,atlantic2 foll[$ by ! ,n4 ,w4 w9d 9 spr+ & autumn4 ,?is class ( /orms pass (f t[>d1 & d\btless ov] ! track1 ( our ,european /eam]s & packets4 ,i "k ?is1 = ,i witness x ne>ly e mon? 9 ! ye>4 ,x is n a matt] ( speculation1 b ( actual1 long-cont9u$ obs]vation4 ,probably1 z "o approa*es ! ,gulf ,/ream1 & :5 ov] x1 its induc$ w9ds may be m viol5t4 ,x is "t our navigators und]/ood ?is2 & t all ! gales ( ! ,nor? ,atlantic1 c]ta9ly1 are n rot>y2 & d n approa* f ! ,s4 ,w4 9 ! same mann] z ! class inve/igat$ by ,mr4 ,r$field d4 ,:]e a fre% s\!rly or s\?-we/]ly w9d is foll[$ by any consid]able cirro-/ratus or /ratus-cond5sation1 x is usually ( ?is "*4 ,! foll[+ diagram exhibits ! peculi>ities ( ?is class ( /orms4 ,x is int5d$ to repres5t ! same /orm or belt ( %[]s1 on two successive days1 &1 ( c\rse1 its usual rate ( s\!rly ext5sion3 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4 ,?is class ( /orms1 or belts ( %[]s1 pres5t ! foll[+ succession ( ph5om5a 9 summ]3 #a4 ,/ill w>m wea!r1 "o or m days4 #b4 ,fre% s\!rly w9d1 "o or m days2 if m ?an "o1 dy+ away at ! ,s4 ,w41 at night-fall1 b cont9u+ into ! ev5+ ( ! day be=e ! belt ( cond5sation arrives4 #c4 ,belt ( cond5sation1 ) or )\t ra9 or %[]s1 ) ! ea/]ly w9d bl[+ axially1 if ! cond5sation is heavy & ! belt wide2 we/]ly if ! cond5sation is feeble or ! belt n>r[--! cl\ds mov+ ab\t ,e4 ,n4 ,e4 #d4 ,cool] air1 light ,n4 ,w4 9 summ]1 heavy ,n4 ,w4 9 autumn1 w9t]1 & spr+4 ,&1 ! next p]iod-- #e4 ,/ill w>m wea!r or light airs4 #f4 ,s\!rly w9d1 fre%4 #g4 ,belt ( cond5sation4 #h4 ,cool nor!rly w9d4 ,& s on1 successively1 unless brok5 9 ^u by "s o!r class4 ,sometimes ^! p]iods are exce$+ly regul>1 at o!r times ! o!r classes prevail4 ,i h mu* reason to believe t ?is is ! normal1 p]iodic provision = cond5sation ( our portion ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 & probably ( e o!r :]e ra9 falls regul>ly 9 ! summ] season1 & t ! o!r classes are exceptions1 z ! hurricanes are exceptions to ! normal condition ( ! wea!r e :]e4 ,p]haps 9 "s seasons1 dur+ ! nor!rn transit1 ! exceptions may equal ! rule1 b ,i d n n[ rememb] su* a season4 ,9 o!r ye>s ne>ly all ! /orms are ( ?is "*4 ,?us1 ,dr4 ,hildre? 79 ,silliman's ,j\rnal = #ahbg71 speak+ ( ! ye> #ahbf1 9 a note to 8 regi/] ( t ye>1 says3 ,!re h be51 ?is ye>1 an unusual numb] ( w9ds f ,n4 or ,n4 ,w4 ,ne>ly e ra9 ! pa/ summ] has be5 foll[$ ) w9ds f ! nor?w>d1 :51 9 _m previ\s summ]s1 ! w9d cont9u$ to ! s\?w>d aft] ra94 ,! imm$iate occurr5ce ( nor!rly w9d aft] ! passage ( ! belt ( cond5sation1 is a peculi> feature ( ?is class ( /orms4 ,z ?is also w be new1 & is ( great practical int]e/1 ,i %all be p>don$ = ref]r+ to o!r evid5ce4 ,b]muda is 9 latitude #cb deg4 nor?4 ,9 ! summ] season !y are )9 ! range ( ! ,calms ( ,canc]1 z ,lieut5ant ,maury t]ms !m1 & n subject to /orms4 ,f ,novemb] to ,may1 inclusive1 !y h successions ( revolv+ w9d4 ,colonel ,reid gave !m mu* att5tion1 & /udi$ !m b>ometrically3 t is1 he /udi$ ! *anges ( ! w9d dur+ ! successive p]iodic depressions4 ,he f\nd !m revolv+ l ours1 & h5ce inf]r$ ! tru? ( ! gyratory !ory 9 relation to all w9ds4 ,b x is p]fectly evid5t ! same pol> belts :i* pass ov] u rea* !m dur+ ! s\!rn transit4 ,! prec$5t s\!rly w9d1 ! c5tral cond5sation1 ! appe>ance ( lightn+1 & ! rotation ( ! w9d by bo? ! ea/ & we/1 b mo/ frequ5tly by we/1 are ! same4 ,9 8 *apt] on obs]vations at ! ,b]mudas1 he gives u _m examples4 ,probably ! exi/5ce ( ! ,gulf ,/ream to ! we/ & nor? has a modify+ influ5ce ^u !m1 & _! action becomes less int5se 9 t latitude1 b !y are v simil>4 ,i copy a record ( ! wea!r1 = a mon?1 :i* may be f\nd on pages #beb1 #bec1 & #bed1 & a portion ( 8 rem>ks3 ,! mon? ( ,decemb]1 #ahci1 pres5ts a cont9ual succession ( revolv+ w9ds pass+ ov] ! ,b]mudas1 ) sc>cely an irregul>ity1 z reg>ds ! fall & rise ( ! b>omet] accompany+ ! ve]+ ( ! w9d4 ,"o1 h[ev]1 occurr$ on ! #aj? & #aa?4 ,! ,s4 ,w4 w9d abat$1 & *ang$ to ,w4 ,n4 ,w41 ) ! b>omet] /ill fall+4 ,b 9 ! column ( rem>ks x is not$ t !re 0 lightn+ se5 9 ! ,n4 & ,n4 ,w41 f #g ,p4,m41 dur+ ! night4 ,?is irregul>ity may1 !re=e1 h be5 occasion$ by a gale pass+ ov] ! banks ( ,newf\ndl&1 influ5c+ ! direction ( ! w9d at ,b]muda4 ,,revolv+ ,,w9ds4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,date4 ,h\r4 ,direction ( ,w9d's ,wea!r4 ,b>4,!r4 ,w9d4 ,=ce4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #ahci4 ,nov4 #cj ,midnight4 ,s4 ,s4 ,e4 #a b4 c4 #cj4jf #fe ,dec4 #a ,noon4 ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 #c b4 c4 #cj4jg #ga #b ,s4 ,w4 #e g4 m4 q4 #bi4hf #gj #c ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 #c g4 c4 #bi4gf #d ,s4 ,w4 #f g4 m4 r4 #bi4fb #fh #e ,w4 ,n4 ,w4 #e p4 q4 #bi4ef #f ,n4 ,w4 #f p4 q4 99#bi4ee #g ,n4 ,n4 ,w4 #e b4 c4 #bi4gh #gj ,midnight4 ,n4 ,n4 ,w4 #c b4 c4 #bi4hi #fh #h ,noon4 ,w4 ,n4 ,w4 #b b4 c4 #bi4hb #ga #i ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 #e p4 q4 #bi4hd #gj #aj ,s4 ,w4 #b b4 c4 #bi4if #aa ,w4 ,n4 ,w4 #f b4 c4 m4 99#bi4hh #fh #ab ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 b4 v4 #bi4ii #fi #ac ,n4 ,n4 by ,w4 b4 v4 #cj4ja #ff #ad ,n4 ,n4 ,w4 #e b4 c4 v4 #cj4jf #fd ,midnight4 ,n4 ,w4 #b b4 c4 p4 #cj4je #fc #ae ,noon4 ,s4 ,w4 by ,s4 #f g4 m4 r4 #bi4gb #fe ,p4,m4 #b ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 #g m4 q4 r4 #bi4ib #fd #d ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 g4 m4 q4 r4 #bi4ee #f ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 q4 w4 99#bi4ec #h ,n4 ,w4 #f b4 c4 q4 #bi4ed #aj ,n4 ,n4 ,w4 b4 c4 #bi4ee #af ,noon4 ,n4 ,w4 #g b4 c4 m4 #bi4ec #fb #ag ,n4 ,w4 by ,n4 p4 q4 #bi4fg #fj #ah ,n4 ,w4 #f c4 q4 #bi4hf #ai ,n4 ,w4 by ,n4 #g m4 q4 r4 99#bi4gc #ei #bj ,n4 ,n4 ,w4 p4 q4 c4 #bi4hi #eh #ba ,n4 ,w4 by ,n4 #f c4 q4 #bi4if #ef ,midnight4 ,s4 ,w4 #a b4 c4 #bi4ie #ee #bb ,dawn4 ---- #j ,noon4 ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 #e g4 m4 #bi4hc #ef ,p4,m4 #d ,s4 #g g4 m4 #bi4gi #f ,s4 ,s4 ,e4 g4 m4 r4 #bi4fa #h ,s4 ,s4 ,e4 w4 r4 #bi4eb #aj ,s4 ,e4 m4 w4 r4 #bi4dh #bc ,noon4 ,s4 ,w4 #f b4 c4 m4 99#bi4dd #eg #bd ,w4 ,n4 ,w4 b4 m4 #bi4ga #ei #be ,w4 ,n4 ,w4 #e b4 c4 #bi4hh #ef #bf ,n4 #c c4 #cj4ji #fb #bg ,s4 ,e4 #e c4 q4 r4 #cj4jg #fa #bh ,s4 ,w4 #f c4 q4 #bi4hh #ff ,midnight4 ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 b4 c4 #bi4gf #fe #bi ,noon4 ,s4 ,w4 #g c4 b4 99#bi4dh #fd #cj ,w4 ,n4 ,w4 #f b4 c4 q4 #bi4hc #ee #ca ,n4 ,w4 #e b4 c4 #cj4ab #eh ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,rem>k pr9t$ 9 ! ,regi/]4 ,! *anges ( ! w9d dur+ ! ,decemb] gales h be5 ne>ly ! same 9 all3 i4 e41 comm5c+ ) a s\!rly w9d at fir/1 ! w9d has ve]$ by ! we/1 t[>d ! nor?-we/1 sometimes end+ z f> r\nd z ,n4 ,n4 ,w4 ,^! extracts %[ ! passage ( sev]al successive belts1 ea* ) ! ph5om5a 9 regul> ord]4 ,! fir/ comm5ces ) blue sky & deta*$ cl\ds1 b>omet] up1 !rmomet] d[n to #fe deg41 & ne>ly calm1 on ! #cj? ( ,novemb]4 ,dec4 #a 7at noon74 ,w9d fre%5s f ,s4 ,s4 ,w42 !rmomet] rises2 b>omet] /ill up4 ,dec4 #b4 ,b>omet] has fall52 !rmomet] up2 w9d increas+ f ,s4 ,w41 ) gloomy1 squally appe>ance4 ,dec4 #c4 ,w9d ,s4 ,s4 ,w42 b>omet] sl[ly fall+2 !rmomet] slightly4 ,dec4 #d4 ,w9d fre%2 ,s4 ,w42 cond5sation & ra9 has rea*$ !m1 & x c>ries b>omet] & !rmomet] d[n4 ,dec4 #e4 ,w9d %ift+ by ! we/1 & squally4 ,dec4 #f4 ,w9ds gets ,n4 ,w42 bl[s fre%2 b>omet] at its m9imum1 probably at ! "t ( ! *ange ( w9d1 al?\gh ! regi/] does n %[ ! precise "t4 ,dec4 #g4 ,w9d ,n4 ,n4 ,w42 blue sky & deta*$ cl\ds 7,n4 ,w4 scud71 cle>$ (f2 b>omet] elevat$ by ! ,n4 ,w4 w9d1 f #bi4ee to #bi4gh4 ,midnight3 blue sky2 deta*$ cl\ds 7,n4 ,w4 scud probably72 b>omet] up to #bi4hi2 !rmomet] fall51 f ! cool] "* ( ! nor!rly w9d4 ,dec4 #h4 ,w9d hav+ lull$ z a nor!rly w9d has got r\nd to ,s4 ,w4 aga92 !rmomet] up2 b>omet] fall+1 & ano!r belt approa*+1 & s on4 ,! fir/ & la/ "p ( ,decemb] %[ ea* two regul> occurr5ces ( sub/antially ! same ph5om5a4 ,! middle is some:at m irregul>4 ,!re 7 five di/9ctly-m>k$ p]iods1 & "o squally1 long-cont9u$ p]iod1 ) a slight t5d5cy to cond5sation1 & a slight fall ( b>omet] & ra9 on ! #ai? 7,n4 ,w4 squall probably71 b n suffici5t to rev]se ! w9d to ! s\?4 ,9 ,colonel ,reid's op9ion !re 7 five revolv+ gales :i* pass$ ov] ,b]muda dur+ ! mon?4 ,9 my op9ion1 !re 7 five p]fect pol> waves ( cond5sation1 & "o imp]fect "o1 ) z _m successive s\!rly w9ds prec$+ ! cond5sation1 ) or )\t ra9 9 ! c5t]1 foll[$ by z _m cold ,n4 ,w4 or ,n4 ,n4 ,w4 w9ds1 ) squalls1 9 ! re>1 ab\t five days ap>t4 7,see ! 99 9 ! b>ometric column47 ,we are at issue4 ,let ! "q be det]m9$ by actual obs]vation1 & n by speculation4 ,x is ( fundam5tal & exce$+ importance to ! sci5ce4 ,n[1 let u take a mon? 9 summ]1 f ! obs]vations ( ,mr4 ,bassnett1 at ,ottawa4 ,"h ! climate diff]s some:at f t ea/ ( ! ,alleghanies2 ! magnetic int5sity is great]1 & ! action m viol5t & irregul>4 ,t "p ( ! c\ntry1 x %\ld be rememb]$1 has a great] fall ( ra9 9 summ]1 = reasons we h /at$1 & ^? p]iodic revolutions are m frequ5t4 ,a brief ab/ract f a j\rnal ( ! wea!r = "o sid]eal p]iod ( ! moon1 9 #ahec4 ,june #ba/4 ,f9e cle> morn+ 7,s4 fre%73 noon v w>m #hh deg42 #d ,p4,m41 plum\s cirri 9 s\?2 ends cle>4 #bb;d4 ,hazy morn+ 7,s4 v fre%7 ar* ( cirrus 9 we/2 #b ,p4,m41 black 9 ,w4 ,n4 ,w42 #c ,p4,m41 ov]ca/ & ra9y2 #d ,p4,m41 a heavy gu/ f s\?2 #d4cj ,p4,m41 bl[+ furi\sly 7,s4 by ,w472 #e ,p4,m41 trem5d\s squall1 uproot+ trees & scatt]+ *imneys2 #f ,p4,m41 m mod]ate 7,w474 #bc;d4 ,cle>+ up 7,n4 ,w472 #h ,a4,m41 q cle>2 #aa ,a4,m41 b&s ( mottl$ cirri po9t+ ,n4 ,e4 & ,s4 ,w41 ends cold 7,w4 ,n4 ,w472 ! cirri seem to rotate f left to "r1 or ) ! sun4 #bd?4 ,f9e cle>1 cool day1 beg9s & ends 7,n4 ,w474 #be?4 ,cle> morn+ 7,n4 ,w4 light72 #b ,p4,m4 7,e471 calm2 tufts ( tangl$ cirri 9 nor?1 int]mix$ ) radiat+ /reaks1 all pass+ ea/w>d2 ends cle>4 #bf?4 ,hazy morn+ 7,s4 ,e471 cl\dy2 noon1 a heavy1 w9dy-look+ bank 9 nor? 7,s4 fre%71 ) d5se cirrus fr+e above1 on its upp] edge2 cle> 9 ,s4 #bg?4 ,cle>1 w>m 7,w472 bank 9 nor?2 noon bank cov]$ all ! nor!rn sky1 & fre% breeze2 #aj ,p4,m41 a few fla%es to ! nor?w>d4 #bh?4 ,uni=m d5se cirro-/ratus 7,s4 fre%72 noon %[]s all r\nd2 #b ,p4,m41 a heavy squall ( w9d1 ) ?und] & ra9 7,s4 ,w4 to ,n4 ,w472 #h ,p4,m41 a l9e ( heavy cumuli 9 s\?2 #h4cj ,p4,m41 a v bright & high cumulus 9 ,s4 ,w41 protrud+ ?r\gh a lay] ( d>k /ratus2 #h4ej ,p4,m41 ! cl\d be>+ ,e4 by ,s41 ) ?ree rays ( electric light4 #bi?4 ,a /ation>y /ratus ov] all 7,s4 ,w4 light72 cle> at night1 b di/ant lightn+ 9 ,s4 #cj?4 ,/ratus cl\ds 7,n4 ,e4 almo/ calm72 #h ,a4,m41 ra9+ g5tly2 #c ,p4,m41 /ratus pass+ (f to ,s42 #h ,p4,m41 cle>1 pleasant4 ,july #a/4 ,f9e & cle>2 #h ,a4,m41 cirrus 9 %eets1 curls1 wisps1 & gauzy wrea?s1 ) pat*es b5ea? ( d>k] %ade1 all ne>ly motionless2 close & w>m 7,n4 ,e472 a long1 l[ bank ( haze 9 ,s41 ) "o l>ge cumulus 9 ,s4 ,w41 b v di/ant4 #b;d4 ,at #e ,a4,m41 ov]ca/ g5]ally1 ) hazy cl\ds & fog ( prismatic %ades1 *iefly gre5i%-yell[2 #g ,a4,m4 7,s4 ,s4 ,e4 fre%5+71 ?ick 9 ,w42 #h ,a4,m4 7,s4 fre%71 mu* cirrus1 ?ick & gloomy2 #i ,a4,m41 a clap ( ?und]1 & cl\ds hurry+ to ,n42 a r$di% haze all ar\nd2 at noon ! m>g9 ( a l9e ( yell[i%-r$ cumuli j visible above a gloomy-look+ bank ( haze 9 ,n4 ,n4 ,w4 7,s4 v fre%72 w>m1 #hf deg42 m cumuli 9 ,n4 ,w42 ! :ole l9e ( cumuli ,n4 are sep>at$ f ! cl\ds s\? by a cle>] space4 ,^! cl\ds are borne rapidly pa/ ! z5i?1 b nev] get into ! cle> space--!y seem to melt or to be turn$ (f ,n4 ,e4 ,! cumuli 9 ,n4 & ,n4 ,w41 sl[ly spread+ ,e4 & ,s42 #c ,p4,m41 ! bank hidd5 by small cumuli2 #d ,p4,m41 v ?ick 9 nor?1 magnific5t cumuli visible sometimes ?r\gh ! breaks1 & beyond !m a d>k1 wat]y back-gr\nd 7,s4 /rong72 #d4cj ,p4,m41 w9d r\nd to ,n4 ,w4 9 a sev]e squall2 #e ,p4,m41 heavy ra91 ) ?und]1 etc4--all ?is "t !re is a bright sky 9 ! s\? visible ?r\gh ! ra9 #ae deg4 high2 #g ,p4,m41 cle>+ 7,s4 ,w4 mod474 #c;d4 ,v f9e & cle> 7,n4 ,w472 noon1 a l9e ( l>ge cumuli 9 ,n41 & d>k l9es ( /ratus bel[1 ! cumuli mov+ ea/w>d2 #f ,p4,m41 _! altitude #b deg4 #dj'4 ,velocity1 #a deg4 p] m9ute2 #i ,p4,m41 mu* lightn+ 9 ! bank nor?4 #d?4 #f ,a4,m41 a l9e ( small cumulo-/ratus1 ext5d+ ea/ & we/1 ) a cle> horizon nor? & s\? #aj deg4 high4 ,?is b& seems to h be5 ?r[n (f by ! c5tral ye/]day1 z x moves sl[ly s\?1 pres]v+ its p>allelism1 al?\gh ! cl\ds compos+ x move ea/w>d4 ,f9e & cool all day 7,n4 ,w4 mod47--lightn+ 9 ,n4 #e?4 ,cl\dy 7,n4 almo/ calm71 ?ick 9 ,e41 cle> 9 ,w42 same all day4 #f?4 ,f9e & cle> 7,e4 light72 small cumuli at noon2 cle> night4 #g?4 ,w>m 7,s4 ,e4 light72 cirrus bank ,n4 ,w42 noon 7,s47 ?ick5+ 9 ,n42 #f ,p4,m41 hazy b f9e2 #h ,p4,m41 lightn+ 9 ,n42 #aj ,p4,m41 ! lightn+ %[s a heavy l9e ( cumuli along ! nor!rn horizon2 calm & v d>k1 & incessant lightn+ 9 ,n4 #h?4 ,la/ night aft] midnight comm5c+ ra9+1 sl[ly & /eadily1 b leav+ a l9e ( light] sky s\?2 mu* lightn+ all night1 b little ?und]4 #h?4 #f ,a4,m41 v l[ scud 7#ejj feet high7 driv+ s\?1 /ill calm bel[ 7,n4 light72 #aj ,a4,m41 cle>+ a little2 a bank nor?1 ) cirrus spread+ s\?2 same all day2 #i ,p4,m41 w9d fre%5+ 7,n4 /ormy72 heavy cumuli visible 9 ,s42 #aj4cj ,p4,m41 q cle>1 b a d5se wat]y haze obscur+ ! />s2 #ab ,p4,m41 aga9 ov]ca/2 mu* lightn+ 9 ,s4 & ,n4 ,w4 #i?4 ,la/ night 7#b ,a4,m4 ( #i?7 squall f ,n4 ,w4 v black2 #d ,a4,m41 /ill ra9+ & bl[+ h>d1 ! sky a p]fect blaze1 b v few fla%es rea* ! gr\nd2 #g ,a4,m41 ra9+ h>d2 #h ,a4,m4 7,n4 ,w4 /rong72 a con/ant roll ( ?und]2 noon 7,n4 ,e472 #b ,p4,m4 7,n472 #d ,p4,m41 cle>+2 #h ,p4,m41 a l9e ( heavy cumuli 9 ,s41 b cle> 9 ,n4 ,w41 ,n41 & ,n4 ,e4 #aj?4 #c ,a4,m41 ,ov]ca/1 & mu* lightn+ 9 s\? 7,n4 mod472 #g ,a4,m41 cle> except 9 s\?2 #f ,p4,m4 7,e472 #aj ,p4,m41 lightn+ s\?2 #aa ,p4,m41 auroral rays long1 b fa9t1 conv]g+ to a po9t betwe5 ,epsilon ,virg9is & ,d5ebola1 9 we/2 l[ d[n 9 we/1 ?ick ) haze2 on ! nor? ! rays conv]g$ to a po9t /ill l[]2 lightn+ /ill visible 9 s\?4 ,?is is an aurora 9 ! we/4 #aa?4 ,f9e1 cle> morn+ 7,n4 ,e472 same all day2 no lightn+ visible to-night1 b a bank ( cl\ds l[ d[n 9 s\?1 #b deg4 high1 & /reaks ( d>k /ratus bel[ ! upp] m>g94 #ab?4 ,f9e & cle> 7,n4 ,e472 noon1 a well-def9$ ar* 9 ,s4 ,w41 ris+ sl[ly2 ! bank yell[i%1 ) prismatic %ades ( gre5i%-yell[ on its bord]s4 ,?is is ! ,o4 ,a4 ,at #f ,p4,m41 ! bank spread+ to ! nor?w>d4 ,at #i ,p4,m41 ?ick bank ( haze 9 nor?1 ) bright auroral m>g92 "o heavy pyramid ( light pass$ ?r\gh ,cassiopeia1 travel+ we/w>d #a-a_/b deg4 p] m9ute4 ,?is moves to ! o!r side ( ! pole1 b n m incl9$ t[>d x ?an is due to prospective1 if ! %aft is v long2 #aa4aj ,p4,m41 saw a mass ( light m diffuse due ea/1 rea*+ to ,m>kab1 !n on ! prime v]tical4 ,x appe>s evid5t ?is is se5 9 pr(ile1 z x incl9es d[nw>d at an angle ( #aj deg4 or #ab deg4 f ! p]p5dicul>4 ,x does n seem v di/ant4 #ab ,p4,m41 ! aurora /ill bright1 b ! brighte/ "p is n[ we/ ( ! pole1 be=e x 0 ea/4 #ac?4 #f ,a4,m41 cle>1 ea/ & nor?2 bank ( cirrus 9 ,n4 ,w41 i4 e41 f ,n4 ,n4 ,e4 to ,w4 by ,s42 irregul> bran*es ( cirrus cl\ds1 rea*+ almo/ to s\?-ea/]n horizon2 w9d *ang$ 7,s4 ,e4 fre%72 #h ,a4,m41 ! sky a p]fect picture2 heavy regul> %afts ( d5se cirrus radiat+ all ar\nd1 & div]g+ f a ?ick nucleus 9 nor?-we/1 ! spaces betwe5 be+ ( cle>1 blue sky4 ,! %afts are rotat+ f nor? to s\?1 ! nucleus advanc+ ea/w>d4 ,at noon 7same day71 gett+ ?ick] 7,s4 ,e4 v fre%72 #f ,p4,m41 moon on m]idian1 a prismatic gloom 9 s\?1 & v ?ick /ratus ( all %ades2 #i ,p4,m41 v gloomy2 w9d /rong] 7,s4 ,e472 #aj ,p4,m41 v black 9 s\?1 & ov]ca/ g5]ally4 #ad?4 ,la/ night1 above #ab ,p4,m41 comm5c$ ra9+2 #c ,a4,m41 ra9$ /eadily2 #g ,a4,m41 same wea!r2 #h4bj ,a4,m41 a l9e ( l[ /orm-cl\d1 or scud1 %[+ v %>p & :ite on ! d>k back-gr\nd all along ! s\!rn sky4 ,?is l9e cont9ues until noon1 ab\t #aj deg4 at ! highe/1 %[+ ! nor!rn b\nd>y ( ! /orm to ! s\?w>d2 #h ,p4,m41 same bank visible1 al?\gh 9 rapid motion ea/w>d2 same "t cle> ov]head1 ) cirrus fr+e po9t+ nor? f ! bank2 mu* lightn+ 9 s\? 7,w4 fre%72 s ends4 #ae?4 ,la/ night a black squall f ,n4 ,w4 pass$ s\? )\t ra92 at #c ,a4,m41 cle> above b1 v black 9 s\? 7calm bel[ all ! "t72 #i ,a4,m41 ! bank 9 s\? aga9 ?r[+ (f rays ( cirri 9 a well-def9$ ar*1 ^: vortex is s\?2 ^! pass ea/1 b cont9ue to =m & pres]ve _! l9e> direction to ! nor?2 no lightn+ 9 s\? to-night4 #af?4 ,cle> all day1 )\t a /a91 & calm4 #ag?4 ,f9e & cle> 7,n4 ,e4 light72 #f ,p4,m41 calm4 #ah?4 ,fair & cl\dy 7,n4 ,e4 light72 #f ,p4,m41 calm4 #ai?4 ,f9e & cle> 7,n4 fre%72 ,i4 ,v4 visible 9 ,s4 ,w4 #bj?4 #h ,a4,m41 bank 9 ,n4 ,w41 ) beautiful cirrus radiations2 #aj ,a4,m41 gett+ ?ick1 ) d5se plates ( cream-color$ cirrus visible ?r\gh ! breaks2 gloomy look+ all day 7,n4 ,e4 light74 ,! lett]s 9 a p>5!sis signify ! direction ( ! w9d4 ,dur+ ?is mon? !re 7 ?ree di/9ctly m>k$ p]iods ( belts ( %[]s1 prec$$ by fre% or /rong s\? w9d1 & foll[$ by ! ,n4 ,w4 ,!re 0 a p]iod :5 a belt ( less int5se /ratus1 )\t mu* w9d1 occurr$ 7#bh?1 #bi?1 & #cj? ( ,june74 ,?is 0 foll[$ by a di/9ct belt ( %[]s & fre% ,s4 w9d1 on ! #b;d ( ,july1 & by ! ,n4 ,w4 w9d & cle> wea!r1 on ! #c;d4 ,dur+ ! re/ ( ,july x 0 m irregul>1 ) ! exception ( ! #g?1 #h?1 & #i?1 :5 ano!r belt & revolution occurr$4 ,n[1 ^! p]iods1 :5 di/9ctly m>k$1 exhibit ! same succession ( ph5om5a--viz41 elevation ( temp]ature1 fre% s\!rly w9d1 belt ( cond5sation1 cumulus or /ratus ) cirrus runn+ ea/1 b ext5d+ s\?1 foll[$ by ,n4 ,w4 w9d1 & cle>1 cold air4 ,c any "o believe !y 7 successive rot>y gales8 ,i wi%1 9 ?is connection1 to make a sugge/ion to ,lieut5ant ,maury & o!rs4 ,! descriptions ( ,m4 ,bassnett1 al?\gh n p]fect1 are v intelligible4 ,he describes ?+s z !y 71 & z !y %\ld be describ$4 ,he di/+ui%es ! cl\ds1 & ! scud1 & o!r appe>ances4 ,b ,colonel ,reid's descriptions are unmean+ & un9telligible4 ,g4 ,m4--,gloomy1 mi/y6 ,gloomy f :at8 fog1 or /ratus1 or a /ratum ( scud1 or :at8 ,we c n "k4 ,aga91 ,c4 ,! table tells u ?is /&s = deta*$ cl\ds4 ,b ( :at k9d8 ,cumulus1 brok5 /ratus1 pat*es ( cirro-cumulus or cirro-/ratus1 or scud8 ,all ^!1 & inde$ e k9d ( cl\d or fog =mation1 except l[ fog1 may exi/ 9 deta*$ portions4 ,^! abbreviations w n answ]2 !y d n describe ! wea!r4 ,! cl\ds mu/ be /udi$ & describ$4 ,!re is no difficulty 9 do+ x4 ,sailors w le>n !m v soon aft] _! tea*]s h2 & ^? :o tea* !m %\ld see to x t ! logs conta9 t]ms ( description :i* convey ! mean+ :i* may1 & ought to be1 convey$4 ,! use ( ^! indef9ite t]ms c n be cont9u$ )\t culpability4 ,aga91 ! obs]vations ( seam5 (f our coa/ are 9 accordance ) ! progress ( ?is class ( /orms on l&1 & prove t !y cont9ue ,s4 ,e4 ov] ! ,atlantic1 abat+ 9 action z !y approa* ! tropics4 ,!re is abundant evid5ce ( ?is 9 ! "w ( ,colonel ,reid1 & ! *>ts ( ,lieut5ant ,maury1 b ,i c n devote fur!r space to !m4 ,! ?ird class =m 9 ! c\nt]-trade1 ov] "s portion ( ! c\ntry1 f excessive volume or action ( ! c\nt]-trade1 or local magnetic activity1 )\t com+ f ! tropics or be+ connect$ ) a regul> pol> wave ( magnetic di/urbance4 ,! foll[+ diagram exhibits _! =m1 progress1 & accompany+ induc$ w9ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4 ,! g5tle ra9s ( spr+1 p>ticul>ly ,april1 & ! mod]ate & frequ5t sn[-/orms ( w9t]1 are (t5 ( ?is "*2 & s are ! heavy ra9s1 :i* comm5ce at ! morn+ b>ometric m9imum1 ra9 heavily ?r\gh ! =5oon1 & light up ne> mid-day 9 ! s\?1 foll[$ by g5tle1 w>m1 ,s4 ,w4 w9ds4 ,?is class are m frequ5t 9 "s ye>s ?an o!rs--probably ! e>ly ye>s ( ! decade1 :ile pol> /orms are1 dur+ ! lat] ones4 ,x is ?is class :i* h viol5t ea/]ly w9ds 9 front1 & on ! s\? side1 ) two or m curr5ts1 & :i* ,mr4 ,r$field has also suppos$ to be cyclones4 ,! f\r? class are isolat$ %[]s1 occurr+ ov] p>ticul> localities1 or belts ( dr\ght & %[]s alt]nat+2 sometimes a g5]al disposition to cl\dy & %[]y wea!r = a long] or %ort] int]val ov] ! :ole c\ntry2 at o!rs1 limit$ to p>ticul> localities 9 ! c\rse ( ! trade4 ,su* a p]iod occurr$ dur+ ! :eat h>ve/ ( #ahee4 ,?is class ,i attribute to a g5]al increas$ magnetic action1 b x may be induc$ by an increas$ volume1 or great] s\? pol> magnetic int5sity ( ! c\nt]-trade1 excit+ & conc5trat+ ! regul> curr5ts ( ! field1 & increas+ _! activity & en]gy4 ,^! also (t5 "w (f s\? gradually1 & are foll[$ by a cold ,n4 ,w4 air = a day or two2 %[+ a t5d5cy1 9 ! excit$ magnetism1 to pass z a wave t[>d ! tropics4 ,! foll[+ diagram w give "s idea ( ?is class3 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc4 ,!re are sometimes v obvi\s local t5d5cies to precipitation ov] portions adjo9+ an area affect$ ) dr\ght1 z !re are o!r magnetic irregul>ities ov] p>ticul> areas4 ,all ^! classes ( /orms are v>iant 9 int5sity4 ,sometimes ! g5]al or local cl\d-=mation is weak1 & does n produce precipitation at all2 s ( t :i* ext5ds s\!rly4 ,probably ! tropical /orm are always suffici5tly d5se & active to precipitate4 ,_! action is (t5 viol5t ov] p>ticul> localities1 & h5ce ! m frequ5t occurr5ce ( ! tornado ov] ! m int5se area ( ,ohio1 & o!r portions ( ! we/4 ,all viol5t local /orms are d\btless ow+ to local magneto-electric activity4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,! read] :o has att5tively p]us$ & consid]$ ! facts /at$1 & ! pr9ciples d$uc$1 9 ! prec$+ pages1 & is ready to make a practical application ( !m by c>eful obs]vation1 w h little difficulty 9 und]/&+ ! v>i$ atmosph]ic conditions2 & w soon be able to =m a correct judgm5t ( ! imm$iate future ( ! wea!r1 s f> z 8 limit$ horizon w p]mit4 ,b !re are o!r facts & consid]ations1 n specifically allud$ to1 :i* w mat]ially aid him 9 8 obs]vations2 & !re is a degree ( philosophical tru? 9 ! prov]bs & signs1 :i* anci5t popul> obs]vation accumulat$1 & poetry & tradition h pres]v$1 t meteorologi/s h be5 sl[ to discov] or admit1 b :i* w be obvi\s ^u exam9ation1 & comm5d !m to 8 att5tion4 ,! classical read] is d\btless famili> ) t "p ( ! fir/ ,georgic ( ,virgil1 :i* conta9s a description ( ! signs indicative ( atmosph]ic *anges4 ,mu* ( x is beautifully poetic1 &1 if read 9 ! light ( a correct philosophy1 is equally tru?ful4 ,i copy f a cr$itable translation1 f\nd 9 ! fir/ volume ( ,h[>d's ,climate ( ,london3 ,all t ! g5ial ye> successive br+s1 ,%[]s1 & ! reign ( heat1 & freez+ gales1 ,appo9t$ signs =e%[2 ! ,sire ( all ,decre$ :at signs ! s\!rn bla/ %\ld br+1 ,decre$ ! om5s ( ! v>y+ moon3 ,t h9ds1 obs]vant ( ! approa*+ /orm1 ,might t5d _! h]ds m ne> ! %elt]+ /all4 ,,progno/ics4--#a/4 ,( ,w9d4 ,:5 /orms are brood+--9 ! leew>d gulf ,da% ! swell'd waves2 ! mighty m\nta9s p\r ,a h>%1 dull murmur2 f> along ! bea* ,rolls ! deep ru%+ ro>2 ! :isp]+ grove ,betrays ! ga!r+ elem5tal /rife4 ,sc>ce w ! bill[s sp>e ! curv$ keel2 ,= swift f op5 sea ! cormorants sweep1 ,) clamor\s croak2 ! ocean-dwell+ coot ,sports on ! s&2 ! h]n h] m>%y haunts ,des]t+1 so>s ! l(ty cl\ds above2 ,& (t1 :5 gales imp5d1 ! glid+ /> ,nightly desc5ds a?w>t ! spangl$ gloom1 ,& leaves its fire-wake gl[+ :ite beh9d4 ,light *aff & leaflets flitt+ fill ! air1 ,& sportive fea!rs circle on ! lake4 #b;d4 ,( ,ra94 ,b :5 grim ,boreas ?und]s2 :5 ! ,ea/ ,& black-w+$ ,we/1 roll out ! sonor\s peal1 ,! teem+ dikes o'erfl[ ! wide *ampaign1 ,& seam5 furl _! dripp+ sails4 ,! %[]1 ,=soo?1 ne'er took ! travel] unaw>es6 ,! so>+ cranes descri$ x 9 ! vale1 ,& %unn'd its com+2 heif]s gaz$ al(t1 ,) no/rils wide1 dr9k+ ! fragrant gale2 ,skimm'd ! sagaci\s swall[ r\nd ! lake1 ,& croak+ frogs r5ew'd _! old compla9t4 ,(t1 too1 ! ant1 f secret *amb]s1 be>s ,h] eggs--a *]i%$ treasure--o'er ! s&1 ,along ! n>r[ track h] /eps h worn4 ,high vaults ! ?ir/y b[2 9 wide array ,! clamor\s rooks f e pa/ure rise ,) s]ri$ w+s4 ,! v>i$ sea-f[l tribes1 ,& ^? t 9 ,caey/]'s mead[s seek1 ,amid ! m>%y pools1 _! skulk+ prey1 ,fl+ ! cool pl5te\s %[] ^u _! w+s1 ,cr\* to ! com+ wave1 sail on its cre/1 ,& idly wa% _! purity ( plume4 ,! audaci\s cr[1 ) l\d voice1 hails ! ra9 ,a lonesome w&]] on ! ?ir/y s&4 ,maid5s t nightly toil ! tangl$ fleece1 ,div9e ! com+ tempe/2 9 ! lamp ,crackles ! oil2 ! ga!r+ wick gr[s dim4 #c;d4 ,( ,fair ,wea!r4 ,nor less1 by sure progno/ics1 maye/ ?\ le>n 7,:5 ra9 prevails71 9 prospect to behold ,w>m suns1 & cl\dless heav5s1 ar\nd !e smile4 ,brightly ! />s %9e =?2 ,cyn?ia no m ,glimm]s obnoxi\s to h] bro!r's rays2 ,nor fleecy cl\ds float lightly ?r\gh ! sky4 ,! *os5 birds ( ,!tis1 halcyons1 n[ ,spread n _! p9ions on ! sun-bright %ore2 ,nor sw9e ! b&s unloose1 & toss ! /raw4 ,! cl\ds1 desc5d+1 settle on ! pla92 ,:ile owls =get to *ant _! ev5+ song1 ,b wat* ! sunset f ! topmo/ ridge4 ,! m]l9 swims ! liquid sky1 sublime1 ,:ile = ! purple lock ! l>k atones3 ,:]e %e1 ) light w+1 cleaves ! yield+ air1 ,h] %riek+ fell pursu] foll[s fi]ce-- ,! dread$ m]l92 :]e ! m]l9 so>s1 ,h] fugitive swift p9ion cleaves ! air4 ,& n[1 f ?roat compress$1 ! rook emits1 ,treble or f\rfold1 8 cle>1 pi]c+ cry2 ,:ile (t amid _! high & leafy roo/s1 ,bur/s ! responsive note f all ! clan1 ,?rill'd ) unwont$ rapture--oh6 'tis sweet1 ,:5 bright'n+ h\rs all[1 to seek aga9 ,_! t9y (fspr+1 & _! dulcet homes4 ,yet deem ,i n1 t heav5 on !m be/[s ,=esight1 or m9d above _! l[ly fate2 ,b r :5 ! *angeful climate ve]s1 ,obsequi\s to ! humor ( ! sky2 ,:5 ! damp ,s\? cond5ses :at 0 r>e1 ,! d5se relax+--or ! /r+5t ,nor? ,rolls back ! g5ial %[]s1 & rules 9 turn1 ,! v>y+ impulse fluctuates 9 _! brea/3 ,h5ce ! full conc]t 9 ! sprightly mead-- ,! b\nd+ flock--! rook's exult+ cry4 #d?4 ,! ,moon's ,aspects1 etc4 ,m>k ) att5tive eye1 ! rapid sun-- ,! v>y+ moon t rolls its mon?ly r\nd2 ,s %alt ?\ c\nt1 n va9ly1 on ! morn2 ,s ! bl& aspect ( ! tranquil night ,w ne'er beguile !e ) insidi\s calm4 ,:5 ,luna fir/ h] scatt]'d fires recalls1 ,if ) blunt horns %e holds ! dusky air1 ,seam5 & swa9s pr$ict ?' abundant %[]4 ,if rosy blu%es t+e h] maid5 *eek1 ,w9d w arise3 ! gold5 ,phoebe /ill ,gl[s ) ! w9d4 ,if 7m>k ! om9\s h\r67 ,! cle> f\r? night h] lucid disk def9e1 ,t day1 & all t !nce successive spr+1 ,e'en to ! f9i%$ mon?1 are calm & dry2 ,& grateful m>9]s r$eem _! v[s ,to ,glaucus1 ,inoeus1 or ! ,n]eid nymph4 #e?4 ,! ,sun's ,aspects1 etc4 ,! sun1 too1 ris+1 & at t /ill h\r1 ,:5 s9ks 8 tranquil beauty 9 ! ma91 ,w give !e tok5s2 c]ta9 tok5s all1 ,bo? ^? t morn+ br+s1 & balmy eve4 ,:5 cl\dy /orms de=m ! ris+ orb1 ,or /reaks ( vapor 9 ! mid/ bisect1 ,bew>e ( %[]s1 = !n ! bla/+ ,s\? 7,foe to ! groves1 to h>ve/s1 & ! flock71 ,urges1 ) turbid pressure1 f above4 ,b :51 b5ea? ! dawn1 r$-f+]$ rays ,?r\gh ! d5se b& ( cl\ds div]g+1 break1 ,:5 spr+s ,aurora1 pale1 f saffron c\*1 ,ill does ! leaf def5d ! mell[+ grape2 ,leaps on ! noisy ro( ! pl5te\s hail1 ,fe>fully crackl+4 ,nor =get to note1 ,:5 ,sol dep>ts1 8 mighty day-task done1 ,h[ v>i$ hues (t w&] on 8 br[2 ,azure betok5s ra93 ! fi]y t9t ,is ,eurus's h]ald2 if ! ruddy blaze ,be dimm'd ) spots1 !n all w wildly rage ,) squalls & driv+ %[]s3 on t fell night1 ,none %all p]suade me on ! deep to urge ,my p]il\s c\rse1 or quit ! %elt]+ pi]4 ,b if1 :5 day returns1 or :5 retires1 ,bright is ! orb1 !n fe> no com+ ra93 ,cle> nor!rn airs w fan ! quiv'r+ grove4 ,la/ly1 ! sun w tea* ?' obs]vant eye ,:at vesp]'s h\r %all br+2 :at cle>+ w9d ,%all waft ! cl\ds sl[ float+--:at ! ,s\? ,broods 9 8 humid brea/4 ,:o d>e belie ,! con/ant sun8 ,i copy also ! foll[+ f ,h[>d3 ,dr4 ,j5n]'s signs ( ra9--an excuse = n accept+ ! invitation ( a fri5d to make a c\ntry excursion4 ,! holl[ w9ds beg9 to bl[1 ,! cl\ds look black1 ! glass is l[1 ,! soot falls d[n1 ! spaniels sleep1 ,& spid]s f _! cobwebs creep4 ,la/ night ! sun w5t pale to b$1 ,! moon 9 halos hid h] head1 ,! bod+ %eph]d heaves a sigh1 ,= see6 a ra9b[ spans ! sky4 ,! walls are damp1 ! dit*es smell2 ,clos$ is ! p9k-ey$ pimp]nel4 ,h>k6 h[ ! *airs & tables crack2 ,old ,betty's jo9ts are on ! rack4 ,l\d quack ! ducks1 ! peacocks cry2 ,! di/ant hills are look+ nigh4 ,h[ re/less are ! snort+ sw9e6-- ,! busy flies di/urb ! k9e4 ,l[ o'er ! grass ! swall[ w+s2 ,! cricket1 too1 h[ l\d x s+s6 ,puss1 on ! he>?1 ) velvet paws1 ,sits smoo?+ o'er h] :isk]'d jaws4 ,?r\gh ! cle> /ream ! fi%es rise ,& nimbly cat* ! incauti\s flies2 ,! %eep 7 se51 at e>ly light1 ,cropp+ ! meads ) eag] bite4 ,?\gh ,june1 ! air is cold & *ill2 ,! mell[ blackbird's voice is /ill2 ,! gl[-worms1 num]\s & bright1 ,illum$ ! dewy dell la/ night2 ,at dusk ! squalid toad 0 se51 ,hopp+1 crawl+1 o'er ! gre54 ,! frog has lo/ 8 yell[ ve/1 ,& 9 a d+y suit is dress'd4 ,! lee*1 di/urb$1 is newly ris5 ,q to ! summit ( 8 prison4 ,! :irl+ w9d ! du/ obey ,& 9 ! rapid eddy plays4 ,my dog1 s alt]$ 9 8 ta/e1 ,quits mutton-bones1 on grass to fea/2 ,& see yon rooks1 h[ odd _! flight6 ,!y imitate ! glid+ kite3 ,or seem precipitate to fall1 ,z if !y felt ! pi]c+ ball4 ',twill surely ra92 ,i see1 ) sorr[1 ,our jaunt mu/ be put (f to-morr[4 ,h[>d attributes ! =ego+ to ,j5n]2 b ,hone1 9 8 ,e-,day ,book1 attributes x to ,d>w91 & gives x1 ) sev]al c\plets1 n f\nd 9 t attribut$ to ,j5n]4 ,^! ,i add f ,hone1 z foll[s3 ,h] corns ) %oot+ pa9s torm5t h]-- ,& to h] b$ untimely s5d h]4 ,t c\plet is includ$ by ,hone ) :at is said ( ,aunt ,betty4 ,! smoke f *imneys "r asc5ds1 ,!n spread+ back to e>? x b5ds4 ,! w9d un/eady ve]s ar\nd2 ,or1 settl+ 9 ! s\? is f\nd4 ,^? are z philosophically accurate & valuable z any4 ,! t5d] colts on back d lie2 ,nor he$ ! travel] pass+ by4 ,9 fi]y r$ ! sun do? rise1 ,!n wades ?r\gh cl\ds to m\nt ! skies4 ,! fir/ ( ^? c\plets is untrue4 ,x is d\btless allud$ to z "o ( ! acts ( ! animal creation1 indicat+ sleep9ess & inaction1 :i* prec$e /orms2 b colts d n lie on ! back4 ,! o!r c\plet is bo? true & important4 ,?is collection entire1 :e!r writt5 by ,d>w9 or ,j5n]1 conta9s mo/ ( ! signs :i* h be5 pres]v$1 & :i* are ( mu* practical importance 9 our climate4 ,x is unque/ionably true t appo9t$ signs =e%[ ! wea!r1 to a great ext5t1 e :]e1 b ) m c]ta9ty 9 ! climate 9 :i* ,virgil wrote ?an 9 our v>iable & excessive "o4 ,%[]s & freez+ gales we c1 p]haps1 z well und]/&2 b ! reign ( heat1 by :i* he probably meant ! dry p]iod1 :5 ! s\!rn edge ( ! extra-tropical belt ( ra9s is c>ri$ up to ! nor? ( !m1 we d n exp]i5ce4 ,some?+ l x we did inde$ h1 dur+ ! excessive nor!rn transit1 9 ! summ] ( #ahed2 b x 0 an exception1 n ! rule4 ,"s ( ! mo/ important ( ^? signs f ,virgil & ,j5n] ,i propose to allude to 9 detail2 b x is necess>y to look2 9 ! fir/ place1 to ! "* ( ! season & ! mon?4 ,we h se5 t ! ye>s diff] dur+ diff]5t p]iods ( ! same decade4 ,t !y incl9e to be hot & irregul> dur+ ! e>ly "p ( x1 & cool1 regul>1 & productive dur+ ! latt] portion--subject1 h[ev]1 to occasional exceptions4 ,! latt] half ( ! ?ird decade ( ?is c5tury 7#ahbf to #ahcj1 inclusive7 0 comp>atively w>m2 &1 9 ! latitude ( #da deg41 0 v unheal?y1 & s cont9u$ dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ! next1 ov] ! hemisph]e1 embrac+ ! *ol]a seasons4 ,! spots ^u ! sun 7 mu* less num]\s ?an usual1 dur+ ! latt] half ( ! ?ird decade4 ,?us ! spots f #ahbf to #ahcj1 inclusive1 7 #hgc #ahcf to #ahdj #abja #ahdf to #ahej #aafh & ! size ( ^? f #ahcf to #ahdj exce$$ ^? ( ! o!r ye>s4 ,! att5tive obs]v] w v soon be satisfi$ t ! seasons h a "*2 & ^? ( e ye> diff] 9 a great] or less degree f ^? ( o!r ye>s 9 ! same decade1 & ^? ( "o decade n unfrequ5tly f ^? ( "s o!r4 ,p]iodicity is /amp$ ^u all ( !m1 & ^u all result+ consequ5ces4 ,l seasons come r\nd1 &1 l productiv5ess or unproductiv5ess1 heal?y or epidemic dia!ses1 att5d !m4 ,we h se5 t1 9 relation to mean temp]ature1 !re are su* p]iodical div]sities1 b !y are m /rongly m>k$ 9 ! "* ( /orms1 & o!r successions ( ph5om5a4 ,all signs fail 9 a dr\?1 = !n all attempts at cond5sation are p>tial1 imp]fect1 & ineffectual4 ,x ra9s v easy1 x is said1 at o!r times1 & s x seems to d1 & ) comp>atively little cond5sation4 ,9 ! "o case1 no great reliance c be plac$ ^u indications :i* are entirely reliable 9 ! o!r4 ,s all our /orms cle> (f cold1 or1 all our /orms cle> (f w>m1 are equally common expressions--z ! prevail+ classes ( /orms give a "* to ! seasons4 ,x ra9s e ,sunday n[1 is sometimes said1 & is (t5 peculi>ly true--! /orm waves hav+ j !n a weekly or semi-weekly p]iod1 & "o falls ^u ,sunday = sev]al successive weeks2 & :5 x is s1 t co9cid5ce is sure to be notic$ & comm5t$ ^u1 & ! o!r p]haps disreg>d$4 ,if ! seasons dep5d$ ^u ! nor?w>d & s\?w>d j\rney ( ! sun alone1 entire regul>ity might be expect$--= we h no reason to believe t magnetism & electricity conta91 )9 !mselves1 inh]5tly1 any t5d5cy to irregul>ity1 or p]iodicity2 &1 ! sun be+ con/ant 9 8 p]iods1 w\ld be con/ant 9 8 influ5ce4 ,b he is incon/ant & v>iable 9 8 influ5ce1 & x is app>5tly traceable to ! exi/5ce ( spots2 b ,i am n q sure t x is occasion$ by ! obs]vable spots alone4 ,grant t ! int5sity & p[] ( 8 rays diff] on ! same day1 9 diff]5t ye>s1 & t diff]5ce may be attributable 9 "p to causes :i* our telescopes c n discov]4 ,b ! diff]5ces 9 ! seasons d n dep5d on ! v>iability ( ! sun's influ5ce alone4 ,?is appe>s f ! frequ5t m]idional & latitud9al div]sities & contra/s1 to :i* allusion has be5 made4 ,! sun c n be suppos$ to ex]t a less influ5ce on a middle1 ?an a m nor!rn latitude2 nor on "o s]ies ( m]idians1 ?an ano!r4 ,!re mu/1 !re=e1 be ano!r local & p[]ful di/urb+ cause1 v>y+ ! magnetic & electric activity & influ5ce ^u ! trades1 z well 9 _! incipi5cy z 9 _! circuits1 & ?us controll+ ! atmosph]ic conditions locally & 9 ! opposite hemisph]es4 ,t o!r di/urb+ cause is volcanic action4 ,we c conceive ( none o!r1 & we c detect & trace ! influ5ce ( t to a consid]able ext5t4 ,un=tunately we "k1 & c practically "k1 comp>atively little ( x4 ,x has be5 busy ) ! e>? s9ce ! creation1 & w cont9ue to be s till1 possibly1 by a collision1 x %all bur/ into a/]oids--its molt5 int]ior fl[+ out 9 seem+ combu/ion--ea* fragm5t reta9+ its magnetic pol>ities entire1 & cont9u+ on 9 an indep5d5t orbit 9 ! heav5s1 an a/]oid1 or meteorite4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 ! ag5cy ( magnetism 9 itself may be regul>1 & ! transit ( ! sun is regul>1 & se$-"t & h>ve/ %all n cease1 yet ! sun is n regul> 9 8 influ5ce1 & ! magnetic ag5cy is di/urb$ by ano!r & irregul> p[]4 ,&1 al?\gh we c trace ! influ5ce ( bo? ^u ! seasons1 we c n measure t influ5ce1 & f x reliably =etell ! wea!r4 ,! discov]ies ( ,swabe1 & future ones1 relative to sol> irregul>ities1 w assi/ u1 b1 till we und]/& bett]1 & to "s ext5t anticipate1 ! *anges ( volcanic action1 we %all n be able to und]/& or =esee all ! diff]5ces 9 ! seasons4 ,t "t may come2 = progress is yet to be read 9 ! front ( meteorology1 & simultane\s practical obs]vations made & int]*ang$ at e important po9t on ! globe4 ,nev]!less1 ! seasons h a "*--(t5 a regul> "o--"o class ( /orms prevail+ ov] all o!rs--"o s]ies ( ph5om5a occurr+ to ! exclusion ( o!rs--& we mu/ reg>d x if we w\ld arrive at intellig5t e/imates ( _! future condition4 ,! mo/ difficult "p to und]/& are ! m]idional contra/s4 ,la/ ye> we _h "o ( ! wor/ dr\?s :i* has occurr$ s9ce ! settlem5t ( ! c\ntry4 ,b :ile all ! ea/]n portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 dry1 ,new ,mexico 0 unusually wet2 & ! ,nor?-we/]n ,/ates1 on ! same curv+ l9e ( ! c\nt]-trade1 7 n affect$ by ! dr\?4 ,extract f a lett] writt5 by ,gov]nor ,m]riwea!r1 to ,mr4 ,b5nett1 9 answ] to a circul>1 publi%$ 9 ! ,new ,york ,h]ald1 & dat$ ,,santa ,,fe1 ,,new ,,mexico1 ,oct4 #be?1 #ahed4 ,m ra9 has fall5 dur+ ! la/ six mon?s1 )9 ?is t]ritory1 ?an ev] 0 kn[n to h fall5 9 ! same l5g? ( "t1 9 ?is usually dry climate4 ,g5]ally1 little or no crops h be5 produc$ )\t irrigation2 b ?is season "s good crops h be5 produc$ )\t any artificial wat]+4 ,we h se5 t !re 0 an app>5t connection betwe5 ! rem>kable volcanic action1 ex]t$ b5ea? ! we/]n cont95ts dur+ ! second decade ( ?is c5tury1 & ! rem>kable coldness ( t decade4 ,& x is easy to see t ! comp>ative abs5ce ( volcanic action f imm$iately b5ea? ! ,old ,_w1 & its pres5ce 9 great excess b5ea? ! ,new1 may di/urb ! regul> action ( t]re/rial magnetism above x 9 ! e>?'s-cru/ "h1 & affect seasons1 dia!ses1 & heal? unfavorably2 :ile f its abs5ce !y may be favorably affect$ !re4 ,i h "s g5]al views 9 relation to ?is1 b !y are necess>ily speculative1 = ! data are few1 & ,i res]ve !m4 ,i am1 h[ev]1 induc$ to believe t ! transit ( ! atmosph]ic ma*9]y is great] ov] "s portions ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 9 "s seasons1 ?an o!rs4 ,! mo/ natural explanation ( ! unusual contra/ betwe5 ! dr\? ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 & ! wet ( ! ,t]ritories1 dur+ ! la/ summ]1 is1 t ! conc5trat$ c\nt]-trade 0 c>ri$ we/1 by "s irregul> magnetic action 9 ! ,s\? ,atlantic or ,we/ ,indies4 ,b !re 0 mu* evid5ce t ! nor!rn ext5sion ( ! atmosph]ic ma*9]y 0 great] ?an usual4 ,! transit began e>ly--x 0 evid5tly rapid2 ! ra9s ( ,may fell 9 ,april1 & ! spr+ 0 wet2 summ] set 9 e>li]--all ! appe>ances !n 7 unusually tropical--! pol> belts ( cond5sation desc5d$ ^u u1 b !y 7 feeble1 z !y d\btless become1 :5 !y rea* ! tropics1 & did n precipitate2 ! summ] cont9u$ full tw5ty days lat]--no ra9 fall+ till ab\t ! #aj? ( ,septemb]4 ,! season ?r\gh\t 0 excessive1 b o!rwise regul>4 ,spr+ came e>li]2 summ] comm5c$ e>li] & cont9u$ long]2 autumn held (f lat]1 & cold wea!r1 :5 x came1 0 uni=m & sev]e4 ,?is season ! transit has seem$ to be less ?an = sev]al ye>s4#aj ,! spr+ 0 backw>d2 ! summ] cool1 b exce$+ly regul>2 ! autumn ?us f> )\t extremes1 & ! :ole ye> heal?y & productive4 ,x is ! normal p]iod ( ! decade1 betwe5 ! irregul> heat ( ! fir/ "p1 & ! irregul> cold ( ! la/2 & x has be5 normal 9 "*1 & con=m$ beautifully to its location4 ,if ! transit ( #ahed 0 fur!r nor? ?an ! mean1 z x seem$ to be ov] ?is c\ntry1 t ( itself w\ld convey ! %[]s :i* foll[ up 9 ! we/]n portion ( ! conc5trat$ trade1 on ! ea/ ( ! m\nta9s ( ,mexico1 & cause !m to precipitate fur!r nor?1 ov] ,new ,mexico1 & ?us1 r ?an f a div]t$ trade1 !y may h d]iv$ _! unusual supply ( moi/ure dur+ ! summ] ( #ahed4 ,on ?is subject ,i c b conjecture1 & leave to future obs]vation a discov]y ( ! tru?4 ,en\gh appe>s1 h[ev]1 to %[ ! importance ( tak+ ! location ( ! ye> 9 ! decade1 & ev5 ! "* ( ! decade itself1 into ! acc\nt4 ,b :atev] ! remote cause ( ! diff]5ce 9 ! seasons1 ! "* ( ! seasons is directly influ5c$ by ! "* ( /orms1 or p]iodic *anges4 ,sometimes ! tropical /orms are mo/ num]\s2 at o!rs ! pol> waves2 & at o!rs ! irregul> local /orms1 or g5]al t5d5cy to %[]s4 ,! seasons :5 ! pol> waves are mo/ preval5t1 are ! mo/ regul>1 heal?y1 & productive4 ,^? :]e ! tropical t5d5cy is greate/1 are irregul>2 & s are ^? :]e ! o!r classes pr$om9ate4 ,^! diff]5ces 9 ! "* ( ! /orms1 are b ! v>y+ =ms 9 :i* magnetic action develops itself4 ,i h said t !re 0 a decid$ t5d5cy to cirrus )\t cumulus1 9 mid-w9t]1 & cumulus )\t cirro-/ratus or /ratus1 9 midsumm]1 & dur+ ! int]m$iate "t an int]m$iate t5d5cy4 ,b !re is a diff]5ce betwe5 spr+ & autumn4 ,dry we/]ly 7n ,n4 ,w47 gales prevail 9 ,m>*1 & ,n4 ,e4 /orms 9 ,april & ,may1 b viol5t ,s4 ,e4 gales are n z common4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! dry we/]ly gales ( ,m>* are comp>atively unkn[n 9 autumn1 & ! viol5t1 tropical1 s\?-ea/]s are !n common4 ,sn[-/orms occur dur+ ! nor!rn transit1 n unfrequ5tly 9 ,april & ,may2 b !y d n occur s ne> ! acme ( ! nor!rn transit on its return2 nor until x approa*es v ne> its s\!rn limit4 ,! quiet1 w>m1 & g5ial air ( ,april1 is reproduc$ 9 ! ,indian summ] ( autumn1 b !y pres5t widely diff]5t appe>ances4 ,^?1 & _m o!r peculi>ities ( ! seasons1 des]ve ! att5tive consid]ation ( e "o :o w\ld become famili> ) ! wea!r & its progno/ics4 ,^! irregul>ities 9 ! "* ( ! seasons h d\btless always exi/$1 & always be5 ! objects ( popul> obs]vation4 ,!re are "s v old prov]bs :i* %[ ?is4 ,i copy a few ( ! _m1 :i* may be f\nd 9 ,fo/]'s collection4 ,mr4 ,graham ,hut*ison does n seem to ?9k any ( ^? anci5t prov]bs wor?y ( notice4 ,b he misjudges4 ,!y are ! result ( popul> obs]vation1 & _m ( !m accord ) ! true philosophy ( ! wea!r4 ,irregul> seasons are unheal?y1 & unreliable = productiv5ess4 ,:5 ! s\!rn transit 0 late1 or limit$1 & ! autumn ran into w9t]1 our ance/ors fe>$ ! consequ5ces 9 bo? p>ticul>s1 & express$ _! fe>s1 & hopes also1 9 prov]bs4 ,?us1 ,a gre5 w9t] ,makes a fat *ur*y>d4 ,!re is v great tru? 9 ?is prov]b4 ,aga91 ,if ! grass gr[s gre5 9 ,janive]1 ,x w gr[ ! worse = x all ! ye>4 ,?is is emphatically true1 = ! season :i* comm5ces irregul>ly w be likely to cont9ue to be irregul> 9 o!r respects4 ,ano!r ( ! same t5or3 ,if ,janive] ,cal5ds be summ]ly gay1 ,x w be w9t]ly wea!r till ,cal5ds ( ,may4 ,janive] is an alt]ation ( ! ,fr5* "n = ,janu>y1 & ! prov]b is v old4 ,s ,m>* %\ld be normally dry & w9dy4 ,?is1 too1 !y und]/ood1 & h5ce ! /rong prov]b3 ,a bu%el ( ,m>* du/ ,is wor? a k+'s ransom4 ,& ano!r3 ,m>* hack ham1 ,come 9 l a lion1 g out l a lamb4 ,s ,april & ,may %\ld be cool & moi/4 ,x is _! normal condition 9 regul>1 heal?y1 & productive seasons4 ,! grass & gra9 require su* conditions2 & ! spr+ ra9s are ne$$ to supply ! excessive summ] evaporation4 ,?is1 too1 !y well und]/ood4 ,& h5ce ! prov]bs3 ,a cold ,april ! b>n w fill4 ,a cool ,may1 & a w9dy1 ,makes a full b>n & a f9dy4 ,&-- ,april & ,may are ! keys ( ! ye>4 ,?is 0 n v favorable1 to be sure1 = corn2 b _! consolation 0 f\nd1 z we f9d x1 9 ! tru? ( ano!r prov]b3 ,look at y\r corn 9 ,may1 & y'll come sorr[+ away2 ,look aga9 9 ,june1 & y'll come s++ 9 ano!r tune4 ,?is diff]5ce 9 ! "* ( ! seasons occasion$ ! adoption ( a great v>iety ( ,almanac days2 & !y are /ill v mu* reg>d$4 ,c&lemas-day 7#b;d ( ,febru>y7 0 "o ( !m4 ,says ,hone1 9 8 ,e-,day ,book3 ,bi%op ,hall1 9 a s]mon1 on ,c&lemas-day1 rem>ks1 t 'x has be5 7,i say n h[ true7 an old note1 t ha? be5 wont to be set on ?is day1 t if x be cle> & sun%9y1 x port5ds h>d wea!r to come2 if cl\dy & l[]+1 a mild & g5tle season ensu+4' ,to ! same effect is "o ( ,ray's prov]bs3 ,! h9d _h z lief see ,8 wife on h] bi]1 ,z t ,c&lemas-day ,%\ld be pleasant & cle>4 ,/4 ,paul's day1 or ! #be? ( ,janu>y1 0 ano!r great ,almanac day1 & s ! v]se3 ,if ,sa9t ,paul's day be fair & cle>1 ,x does betide a happy ye>2 ,b if x *ance to sn[ or ra91 ,!n w be de> all k9ds ( gra94 ,if cl\ds or mi/s d d>k ! sky1 ,great /ore ( birds & bea/s %all die2 ,& if ! w9ds d fly al(t1 ,!n w> %all vex ! k+dom (t4 ,/4 ,s)9's day 0 ano!r ( ^! ,almanac days4 ,gay said truly1 ,let no su* vulg> tales debase ?y m9d2 ,nor ,paul1 nor ,s)91 rule ! cl\ds or w9d4 ,yet ,almanac days are /ill 9 vogue to a consid]able ext5t--su* z ! ?ree fir/ days ( ! ye>1 old /yle--! fir/ ?ree ( ! season--! la/ ( ! season--diff]5t days ( ! mon?--( ! lunation1 etc41 etc4 ,& "s /ill look to ! brea/bone ( a goose1 9 ! fall1 to judge1 by its :it5ess1 :e!r !re is to be mu* sn[ dur+ ! ,w9t]1 etc4 ,^! ,almanac days %\ld all be ab&on$2 !y h no f\ndation 9 philosophy or tru?4 ,!re is "o prov]b1 h[ev]1 9 relation to ,c&lemas-day1 :i* ! olde/ inhabitant w rememb]1 & :i* x may be well to reta94 ,x has a practical application = ! f>m]1 & 9 relation to ! l5g? ( ! w9t]3 ,j half ( y\r wood & half ( y\r hay ,%\ld be rema9+ on ,c&lemas-day4 ,! mon?s1 too1 h a "* :i* mu/ be rememb]$ & reg>d$4 ,janu>y is ! colde/ mon? ( ! ye>1 9 mo/ localities4 ,! atmosph]ic ma*9]y rea*es its extreme s\!rn transit1 = ! season1 dur+ ! mon?--usually ab\t ! middle4 ,x rema9s /ation>y a :ile--usually till aft] ! #aj? ( ,febru>y4 ,"o or m ?aws1 result+ f tropical /orms1 occur dur+ ! mon?1 9 normal w9t]s1 b !y are ( brief duration4 ,boreas foll[s close ^u ! retreat+ /orm ) 8 icy brea?4 ,!re is a rem>kable uni=mity 9 ! progress ( ! depression ( temp]ature1 to ! extreme atta9$ 9 ?is mon?1 ov] ! entire hemisph]e4 ,x diff]s 9 degree accord+ to latitude & magnetic int5sity2 b x progresses to t degree1 :atev] x may be1 ) z great uni=mity 9 a s\!rn z nor!rn latitude4 ,! table1 copi$ f ,dr4 ,=rey1 discloses ! fact1 & s does ! foll[+ "o1 tak5 f ,mr4 ,blodget's valuable pap]1 publi%$ 9 ! ,pat5t ,(fice ,report = #ahec3 ,,table ,,%[+ ,,! ,,mean ,,temp]ature ,,= ,,ea* ,,mon? ,,at ,,sev]al ,,places1 ,,viz43 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,lat4 ,jan4 ,feb4 ,m>*4,april4 ,may4 ,june4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,quebec1 ,canada ,e4 #df deg4 #di' #i4i #ab4h #bd4d #ch4g #eb4i #fc4g ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 #dj deg4 #db' #cj4b #cj4h #ch4e #di4a #ei4f #fi4a ,albany1 ,n4 ,y4 #db deg4 #ci' #bd4e #bd4c #cd4h #dg4g #ei4h #fh4j ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 #db deg4 #de' #bf4a #be4h #cc4j #de4h #ef4b #fd4e ,baltimore1 ,md4 #ci deg4 #ag' #cc4a #cd4c #db4d #ec4j #fc4b #ga4f ,savannah1 ,ga4 #cb deg4 #je' #eb4f #ed4g #fj4j #fh4d #gd4h #gi4d ,key ,we/1 ,fla4 #bd deg4 #cc' #gj4j #gj4g #gc4h #gf4c #hj4b #hb4a ,mobile1 ,ala4 #cj deg4 #dj' #ea4c #ec4g #ei4d #fg4a #gd4a #gg4h ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 #cj deg4 #jj' #ed4h #ed4e #fa4e #fg4f #gd4j #gh4f ,m>ietta1 ,ohio #ci deg4 #be' #cb4b #cd4a #db4f #ec4j #fa4h #fi4b ,san ,antonio1 ,tex4 #bi deg4 #be' #eb4g #eg4i #fe4e #fi4g #gf4d #hj4e ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4#cg deg4 #dh' #ej4a #ea4j #ec4h #eg4g #ee4i #eh4h ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ---------------------------------------- - ,july4 ,aug4 ,sept4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ------------------------------------ #ff4h #fe4e #ef4b #dd4a #ca4e #ag4c #gd4i #gc4c #fe4i #ed4c #dc4e #cc4i #gb4b #gj4c #fa4d #di4b #ci4d #bh4c #fi4g #fg4h #fj4a #dg4g #ch4b #bh4h #gf4f #gd4e #fg4g #ee4h #de4j #cg4h #ha4c #hj4f #gf4i #fg4b #eh4c #eb4b #hc4c #hc4e #hb4e #gi4a #ge4f #gb4h #gi4h #gi4d #gf4a #fe4g #eg4j #eb4h #hj4d #gi4f #gg4a #fi4a #eg4e #ef4b #gb4g #gj4i #fc4e #ea4h #db4f #cd4g #hb4c #hc4c #gi4i #gb4b #fb4b #eb4a #eg4i #fb4b #fa4f #fa4i #ef4b #ej4j ---------------------------------------- - ,sn[s dur+ ?is mon? are mu* heavi]1 & m frequ5t1 9 "s localities ?an o!rs4 ,! reasons :y ?is is s h be5 /at$4 ,! m\nta9\s portions ( ! c\ntry receive ! heavie/ falls4 ,!y affect cond5sation some:at1 & accord+ to _! elevation4 ,!y int]cept ! flakes be=e !y melt1 & reta9 !m long] )\t *ange4 ,! ?aws1 or tropical /orms1 also sometimes h a curr5t ( cold air1 ) sn[ sett+ "u !m on _! nor!rn & nor?-we/]n bord]4 ,su* 0 ! case ) t inve/igat$ by ,pr(essor ,loomis4 ,janu>y is )\t o!r m>k$ peculi>ities4 ,x %[s1 ( c\rse1 ^? extremes ( temp]ature f\nd1 to a great] or less degree1 9 all ! mon?s1 & diff]s1 z ! o!rs diff]1 9 diff]5t seasons4 ,normally1 9 temp]ate latitudes1 x is a heal?y mon?4 ,! dige/ive organs h recov]$ f t t5d5cy to bili\s diseases :i* *>act]izes ! summ] extreme nor!rn transit1 & ! t5d5cy to diseases ( ! respiratory organs1 :i* *>act]izes ! s\!rn extreme & ! comm5cem5t ( its return1 is n (t5 develop$ till ,febru>y4 ,febru>y1 9 its normal condition until aft] ! #aj?1 & ab\t ! middle1 is mu* l ,janu>y4 ,(t5 ! fir/ t5 days ( ,febru>y are ! colde/ ( ! season4 ,! av]age ( ! mon? is a trifle high]1 9 mo/ localities1 z ! tables %[4 ,?is results f ! increas+ w>m? ( ! latt] "p ( ! mon?4 ,!re are localities1 h[ev]1 :]e ! entire mon? is z cold z ,janu>y4 ,su* 7z w appe> f ,blodget's table7 are ,albany & ,ro*e/]1 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 & ,new ,orleans1 9 ,l\isiana4 ,at mo/ places ! diff]5ce is slight1 ei!r way4 ,s\? ( ! latitude ( #dj deg4 heavy sn[s are m likely to occur 9 ! la/ half ( ,janu>y & fir/ half ( ,febru>y ?an e>li]4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! mon? we may expect ?aws ( m p]man5ce 9 normal seasons4 ,!y are foll[$1 z 9 ,janu>y1 by ,n4 ,w4 w9d & cold wea!r1 b x is n usually z sev]e4 ,_m ye>s s9ce1 an obs]v+ old man said to me1 ,w9t]'s back breaks ab\t ! middle ( ,febru>y4 ,& ,i h obs]v$ t !re is usually a yield+ ( ! extreme wea!r ab\t t p]iod4 ,"h1 aga91 x is int]e/+ & in/ructive to look at ! tables1 & see h[ regul>ly & uni=mly ! temp]ature rises 9 all latitudes1 at ! same "t2 z e>ly & z rapidly at ,quebec z at ,new ,orleans or ,san ,antonio2 & subsequ5tly rises ) greate/ rapidity :]e ! desc5t 0 greate/4 ,! elevation ( temp]ature does n progress nor?w>dly1 a wave ( heat accompany+ ! sun1 b is a magneto-electric *ange1 comm5c+ ab\t ! same "t ov] ! :ole c\ntry1 & inde$ ov] ! hemisph]e4 ,m>* is a peculi> mon?--! mon? ( :at is t]m$1 & aptly t]m$1 unsettl$ wea!r4 ,x1 may come 9 l a lion1 or be v>iable at ! outset4 ,! nor!rn transit is fairly />t$1 & is progress+ rapidly1 & !re is great magnetic irritability4 ,a ref]5ce to ! table ( ,dr4 ,lamont w %[ t ! decl9ation has increas$ ) great rapidity4 ,normally1 ! e>ly "p is l ! latt] "p ( ,febru>y1 & ! latt] "p approa*es ! mild] b /ill *angeable wea!r ( ,april4 ,its di/+ui%+ feature is viol5t we/]ly w9d4 ,n ! regul> ,n4 ,w4 only--al?\gh t is preval5t--b a peculi> we/]ly w9d1 rang+ f ,w4 by ,n4 to ,n4 ,w4 by ,w41 (t5 bl[+ ) hurricane viol5ce4 ,?is w9d 0 allud$ to on page #acj4 ,) ! *ange & active transit to ! nor?1 9 ,febru>y & 9 ,m>*1 comes ! t5d5cy to diseases ( ! respiratory organs--pneumonias & lung fev]s--& ?is is ! mo/ dang]\s p]iod ( ! ye> = ag$ p4 ,april is a mild] & m agreeable mon?4 ,dur+ "s p]iod ( x1 9 normal seasons1 & at o!r times 9 ,m>*1 !re is a w>m1 quiet1 g5ial1 lamb-l spell1 exce$+ly favorable = oat se$+4 ,:5 x comes1 advantage %\ld be tak5 ( x1 = long heavy ,n4 ,e4 /orms are liable to occur1 & frequ5tly ) sn[4 ,on ! latitude ( #da deg4 heavy sn[-/orms are n uncommon 9 ,april4 ,)9 ! la/ fifte5 ye>s two su* h occurr$ aft] ! #aj? ( ! mon?4 ,april1 z we h se51 %\ld be cool & moi/4 ,if dry1 ! e>ly crops are endang]$ by a spr+ dr\?2 if v wet1 !re is dang] ( an extreme nor!rn transit1 & an e>ly summ] dr\?4 ,x is emphatically true t ,april & ,may are ! keys ( ! ye>4 ,its di/+ui%+ peculi> feature is ! g5tle1 w>m1 trade ra9s--,april %[]s--:i*1 9 ! abs5ce ( great magnetic irritability1 t curr5t drops ^u u4 ,!re is great mean magnetic activity1 b x is n s irregul>ly excessive z 9 ,m>*4 ,may1 9 our climate1 %\ld be1 & normally is1 a wet mon?1 & a cool "o1 consid]+ ! altitude ( ! sun4 ,! atmosph]ic ma*9]y :i* ! sun moves is1 h[ev]1 ord9>ily ab\t six weeks beh9d x--! latt] rea*+ ! tropic ! #bj? ( ,june1 & ! =m] its f>!/ nor!rn ext5sion ab\t six weeks lat]4 ,h5ce x is n a cause = al>m if ,may be wet & cool4 ,! great /aples1 :eat1 grass1 & oats1 are b5efit$2 & corn1 accord+ to ! prov]b1 w n be s]i\sly ret>d$4 ,! movable belt ( excessive magneto-electric action1 ) its tropical electric ra9s1 s excit+ to vegetation1 & its p]iods or t]ms ( excessive heat1 is on its way nor?1 & sure to arrive 9 season1 & rema9 long en\gh to mature ! corn4 ,!re h be5 b two seasons 9 ?is c5tury :5 corn did n mature 9 ! latitude ( #da deg44 ,"o dur+ ! cold decade1 & ! cold "p ( x1 betwe5 #ahae & #ahbj2 & ! o!r1 dur+ ! cold half ( ! f\r? decade1 betwe5 #ahce & #ahdj4 ,! di/+ui%+ feature1 if !re be "o1 ( ,may1 is its long1 &1 = ! season1 cool /orms4 ,^! h1 9 diff]5t localities1 diff]5t names4 ,9 pa/oral sections we he> ( ! %eep /orms--^? :i* effect ! %eep sev]ely :5 newly %orn--kill+ !m or r$uc+ !m 9 fle% by _! coldness & sev]ity4 ,9 relation to ?is too e>ly %e>+1 !re is an old ,engli% prov]b1 9 ,=/]'s ,collection1 viz43 ,%e> y\r %eep 9 ,may1 ,& y w %e> !m all away4 ,s !re are o!rs call$ ,quak] /orms1 :i* occur ab\t ! "t :5 t e/imable sect hold _! ye>ly meet+4 ,& !re are o!r names giv5 9 diff]5t localities to ^! long spr+ /orms4 ,b !y are all m]e co9cid5ces--equ9octial & all4 ,not)/&+ ! /orms1 h[ev]1 ! temp]ature rises at a mean4 ,! decl9ation is (t5 z great z 9 mid-summ]4 ,! e>? is gr[+ w>m] by ! increase ( magneto-electric action1 :atev] ! /ate ( ! atmosph]e4 ,! yell[1 sickly blade ( corn is ext5d+ its roots & prep>+ to jump :5 ! atmosph]e becomes hot1 z x is sure to d1 :5 ! ma*9]y atta9s a suffici5t altitude1 h[ backw>d soev] x may seem to be4 ,! f>m] ne$ n m\rn ov] its backw>dness1 unless ! season is a v extraord9>y "o1 l ^? ( #ahaf & #ahcf4 ,! /orms ensure 8 hay1 :eat1 & oat crops2 ! w>m+ e>? is at "w ) ! roots ( 8 corn1 & is fill+ ) wat]1 & prep>+ = ! hot & rapidly-evaporat+ suns ( mid-summ]4 ,! e>? w\ld gr[ w>m] if e day 0 cl\dy4 ,by ! middle ( ,june ! atmosph]ic ma*9]y approa*es its nor!rn acme1 ! summ] sets 91 & n unfrequ5tly1 z extremely hot days occur dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! mon?1 z at any p]iod ( ! summ]4 ,b ! heat is n s cont9u\s1 or great1 at a mean4 ,f ! middle ( ,june to ! latt] "p ( ,augu/ is summ] 9 our climate1 & dur+ t p]iod f "o to ?ree or f\r t]ms ( extreme heat occur1 cont9u+ f "o to five or six days1 & possibly m1 t]m9at+ f9ally 9 a belt ( %[]s ov]laid ) m or less cirro-/ratus cond5sation 9 ! trade1 & controll$ by ! ,s4 ,e4 pol> wave ( magnetism1 & foll[$ by a cool b g5tle nor!rly w9d4 ,dur+ ^! heat$ t]ms1 a g5]al %[]y disposition sometimes1 ?\gh r>ely1 appe>s1 ) isolat$ %[]s1 :i* br+ no mitigation ( ! heat4 ,n until a s\!rn ext5sion ( !m appe>s1 foll[$ by a ,n4 ,w4 air1 does ! t]m *ange1 s f> z ,i h obs]v$4 ,by ! #bj? ( ,augu/1 9 ! latitude ( #db deg41 an evid5t *ange ( transit is obs]vable1 by "o :o wat*es closely1 al?\gh ! range ( ! !rmomet] 9 ! day-"t may n disclose x4 ,a great] t5d5cy to cirrus-=mation is visible4 ,! nights gr[ cool] 9 proportion to ! days4 ,! swall[s are dep>t+1 or h dep>t$2 ! blackbirds1 too1 & ! bobl9ks1 ) _! w9t] jackets on1 _! plumage all *ang$ to ! same colors1 are flock+ = ! same purpose1 & hurry+ away4 ,! pigeons beg9 to appe> 9 flocks f ! nor?1 & ! fir/ ( ! blue-w+$ teal & black duck are se5 /raggl+ d[n ! riv]s4 ,at ?is season1 & ne>ly co9cid5t ) ! *ange1 ! peculi> annual cat>rhs return4 ,^! are colds 7s call$7 :i* at "s p]iod ( ! p]son's life 7 tak5 ab\t or soon aft] ! p]iod ( *ange1 & h return$ e ye>1 at1 or ne> ! same p]iod4 ,!y soon become habitual1 & no c>e or precaution w prev5t !m4 ,i "k "o g5tleman :o has _h ?is annual cold 9 ,augu/ = tw5ty-sev5 ye>s1 ) entire regul>ity2 & ano!r :o has _h x n9ete5 ye>s2 & _m o!rs = %ort] p]iods4 ,i nev] knew "o :i* _h recurr$ = two or ?ree ye>s t c\ld be aft]w>d prev5t$1 or brok5 up4 ,v in/ructive are ^! annual cat>rhs to ^? :o ?9k heal? wor? pres]v+1 & 9 relation to ! *ange ( transit4 ,! *ange is felt ov] ! entire hemisph]e4 ,betwe5 ! #bj? ( ,augu/ & ! #aj? ( ,septemb] hurricanes orig9ate 9 ! tropics & pursue _! curv+ & recurv+ way up ov] u2 or long nor?-ea/]s comm5ce 9 ! int]ior & pass (f to ,e4 ,n4 ,e4 on to ! ,atlantic1 foll[$ n[ 9 a m m>k$ degree by ! peculi> ,n4 ,w4 w9d1 s common ov] ! entire ,cont95t 9 autumn & w9t]4 ,by ! #aj? ( ,septemb] ! pigeons may be se5 9 flocks 9 ! morn+1 & j prior to ! sett+ 9 ( a brisk ,n4 ,w4 w9d1 hurry+ away s\?w>d ) a sagacity t we sc>cely appreciate1 to avoid ! anticipat$ rigors ( w9t]1 & to be foll[$ soon by all ! migratory fea!r$ tribes t rema94 ,! nights gr[ cool]1 al?\gh ! sun %9es hot 9 ! day-"t1 & woe to ! p]son1 unless ) an iron con/itution1 :o disreg>ds ! *ange1 & exposes himself or h]self )\t additional protection1 to its influ5ce4 ,nature has tak5 c>e ( ^? :o dep5d ^u h]1 or ^u in/9ct1 = protection4 ,! fea!rs ( birds & wat]-f[l are full2 ! hair & ! fur are gr[n4 ,bea/s & birds h be5 prep>+ = ! *ange1 & are ready :5 x beg9s4 ,!y "k t ! e>? is *ang+4 ,! %ift+ ma*9]y is fa/ c>ry+ s\? t excess ( negative electricity :i* has s mu* to d ) giv+ x its summ] heat4 ,!y feel its abs5ce1 ev5 dur+ ! day1 & ! contra/ betwe5 t & ! positively electrifi$ nor!rn atmosph]e1 :i* n[ foll[s e retreat+ wave ( cond5sation4 ,! musk-rat builds1 ( long grass & we$s1 8 float+ ne/ 9 ! pond1 t he may h a place to retire to1 :5 ! ra9 fills x up & drives him f 8 burr[ 9 its banks4 ,b man1 ) all 8 intellect1 is too he$less ( ! *ange4 ,additional clo?+ is n[ z necess>y to him z to animals1 b x is burd5some to him 9 ! day "t1 & !re=e he w n we> x1 h[ mu* soev] x w\ld add to 8 com=t & safety dur+ ! night4 ,he /&s ) 8 ?9 summ] soles ^u ! *ang$ gr\nd1 or sits 9 a curr5t1 or 9 ! night air1 less protect$ ?an ! animals1 & dys5t]y or fev] s5ds him to 8 long home4 ,he has intellig5ce1 b he lacks in/9ct4 ,he has "t = ! *anges ( dress :i* fa%ion may require1 b none = ^? :i* atmosph]ical *anges dem&4 ,fa%ion has att5tion 9 advance2 dea? none till at ! door4 ,n[ ! s\!rn l9e ( ! extra-tropical belt ( ra9s desc5ds ^u ^? :o1 liv+ betwe5 ! areas ( magnetic int5sity1 h a dry season2 & ! focus ( precipitation 9 t belt desc5ds e :]e4 ,w9t] no come till swamps full1 ! ,indians told our fa!rs1 & !re is tru? 9 ! rem>k2 al?\gh l o!r g5]al tru?s respect+ ! wea!r1 x is n always s 9 our climate4 ,ra9s fall dur+ ! autumnal mon?s1 z dur+ ! spr+ mon?s1 & :ile ! transit ( ! ma*9]y is active & ! evaporation is less4 ,& ! magnetic comp>ative re/1 & ! se$ "t & equable spell ( ,april is reproduc$ 9 ! ,indian summ] ( autumn4 ,! ma*9]y gradually & irresi/ibly desc5ds1 & ) an excess ( pol> positive electricity1 comes sn[2 ,boreas controls1 & w9t] sets 91 rea*+ its maximum ( cold 9 ,janu>y aga94 ,rememb]+1 !n1 ! diff]5ces 9 ! normal conditions ( ! seasons & mon?s1 & ! diff]5t *>act]s t ! w9ds1 & /orms1 & cl\ds1 & o!r ph5om5a be> 9 !m respectively1 let u n[ look at ! signs ( f\l or fair wea!r n h]e9 be=e fully /at$1 ^u :i* practical reliance may be plac$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we mu/ look to ! =m+ cond5sation4 ,!re are _m days :5 ! atmosph]e is )\t visible cl\ds1 b few :5 x is entirely )\t cond5sation4 ,su* days are se5 dur+ ! dry season 9 ! trade-w9d region2 & ) u1 9 mid-summ] dr\?s1 :i* p>take ( ?is tropical "*2 & :51 at any season1 b p>ticul>ly 9 w9t]1 ! ,n4 ,w4 w9d 9 l>ge volume has elevat$ ! trade v high4 ,cond5sation is n necess>ily 9 =m ( visible cl\d4 ,x may be ( t smoky "* :i* sometimes att5ds mid-summ] dr\?s1 giv+ ! sun a blood-r$ appe>ance2 or x may be l t *ange f deep azure to a light] hue1 obscur+ ! vision1 :i* ,humboldt describes z prec$+ ! arrival ( ! int]-tropical belt ( ra9s4 ,gay-,lussac1 & o!r a]onauts1 h se5 a ?9 cl\d /ratum at ! height ( #bj1jjj to #cj1jjj feet1 n visible at ! e>?1 al?\gh "s degree ( mi/9ess & obscurity 7 obs]v$4 ,at t elevation ! cl\ds are ?91 & always :ite & positive4 ,"s degree ( turbidness is frequ5t2 x may occur1 z we h /at$1 ) ,n4 ,w4 w9d1 b1 if x does1 ! w9d soon *anges r\nd to ! s\?w>d4 ,?is turbidness or mi/9ess1 :]e x exi/s1 & indicates ra91 does n disappe> t[>d night1 z x %\ld d if b ! daily cl\d9ess :i* results f ord9>y diurnal magnetic activity1 b becomes m obvi\s at nightfall2 &1 :5 h>dly visible at mid-day1 or dur+ ! aft]noon1 may !n be obs]v$1 obscur+ 9 a degree1 ! sun's rays2 &1 lat] 9 ! ev5+1 =m+ a circle r\nd ! moon4 ,?us ,j5n]-- ,la/ night ! sun w5t pale to b$1 ,! moon 9 halos hid h] head4 ,& s1 too1 ,virgil-- ,! sun1 too1 ris+1 & at t /ill h\r1 ,:5 s9ks 8 tranquil beauty 9 ! ma91 ,w give !e tok5s2 c]ta9 tok5s all1 ,bo? ^? t morn+ br+s1 & balmy eve4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:5 ,sol dep>ts1 8 mighty day-task done1 ,h[ v>i$ hues (t w&] on 8 br[4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if ! ruddy blaze ,be dimm'd ) spots1 !n all w wildly rage ,) squalls & driv+ %[]s3 on t fell night ,none %all p]suade me on ! deep to urge ,my p]il\s c\rse1 or quit ! %elt]+ pi]4 ,b if1 :5 day returns1 or :5 retires1 ,bright is ! orb1 !n fe> no com+ ra93 ,cle> nor!rn airs w fan ! quiv'r+ grove4 ,la/ly1 ! sun w tea* ?' obs]vant eye ,:at vesp]'s h\r %all br+2 :at cle>+ w9d ,%all waft ! cl\ds sl[ float+--:at ! ,s\? ,broods 9 8 humid brea/4 ,:o d>e belie ,! con/ant sun8 ,m frequ5tly ?is k9d ( cond5sation is suffici5tly d5se at night-fall to take %ape1 & %[ a bank :5 ! sun %9es horizontally ?r\gh a mass ( x4 ,i am n[ speak+ ( /orm cond5sation1 or t :i* indicates ! approa* ( a /orm4 ,?und] cl\ds at nightfall1 d>k1 d5se1 & isolat$1 are1 ( c\rse1 to be di/+ui%$4 ,^?1 e "o und]/&s to indicate a %[]1 & imm$iate succe$+ fair wea!r4 ,! halos d n1 9 cases ( incipi5t /orm cond5sation1 always appe>4 ,! moon may n be pres5t3 ?\gh1 9 h] abs5ce1 ,i h se5 !m 9 ! light ( ! prim>y planets2 or %e may be 9 ! ea/]n portion ( ! heav5s4 ,:5 ?is is s1 & ! cond5sation =ms sl[ly1 !re may be less appe>ance ( x1 aft] ! sun disappe>s1 ?an be=e1 al?\gh a /orm is approa*+1 & sure to be on by ! middle ( next day1 & p]haps ) great viol5ce4 ,:5 ! failure ( ! light no long] reveals ! d5s] cond5sation 9 ! we/1 ! />s may %9e1 z did ! sun1 dimly b visibly1 ?r\gh ! p>tial & invisible cond5sation2 & "o :o did n notice ! bank 9 ! we/1 at nightfall & be=e d>k1 may be deceiv$ by ! seem+ cle>ness ( ! ev5+4 ,?us ,virgil-- ,m>k1 ) att5tive eye1 ! rapid sun-- ,! v>y+ moon t rolls its mon?ly r\nd2 ,s %alt ?\ c\nt1 n va9ly1 on ! morn2 ,s ! bl& aspect ( ! tranquil night ,w ne'er beguile !e ) insidi\s calm4 ,all e>ly cond5sation & indications d]iv$ f x1 mu/ be look$ = 9 ! we/4 ,f t qu>t] all /orms come4 ,^! indications at nightfall are ( a v>i$ "*4 ,!y may consi/ ( prim>y cond5sation 9 ! trade1 or ( second>y cond5sation1 scud runn+ nor? t[>d a /orm1 ! cond5sation ( :i* has n yet visibly rea*$ u1 b :i* w ext5d s\? & pass ov] u4 ,x may be a heavy bank1 or consi/ ( n>r[ cirrus b&s4 ,cirro-/ratus cl\d banks1 9 ! ,s4 ,w41 9 ! fall & w9t]1 ( a foggy & uni=m "*1 are indicative ( sn[4 ,! body ( ! /orm w pass s\? ( u1 & a portion ov] u1 ! w9d be nor? ( ea/1 & ! sn[ w n be likely to turn to ra9 be=e x rea*es ! e>?1 by reason ( a s\!rn middle curr5t4 ,banks 9 ! ,n4 ,w4 indicate ra9 at all seasons4 ,! /orm is nor? ( u1 work+ s\!rly1 & su* /orms ra9 on ! s\!rn bord]--9 w9t] ev5--because !y h ! w9d on t bord] f s\? ( ea/4 ,x may1 inde$1 sn[1 b if s1 probably 9 l>ge flakes1 soon turn+ to ra94 ,!re are o!r appe>ances at nightfall :i* des]ve consid]ation4 ,a r$ sun1 ) smoky air1 is indicative ( cont9u$ dry wea!r1 a frequ5t appe>ance 9 dry t]ms1 la/+ ?ree or f\r days1 at lea/1 f ! comm5cem5t4 ,s is a r$ appe>ance ( ! sky1 :5 !re are no cl\ds1 indicative ( a fair day foll[+4 ,on ?is subject we h an allusion to ! wea!r1 by our ,savi\r :ile on e>?1 :i*1 l all su* allusions f\nd 9 ! ,bible1 is ( rem>kable philosophical accuracy4 ,x is f\nd 9 ,mat!w1 *apt] xvi41 v]ses #b & #c3 ,he answ]$ & said unto !m1 ,:5 x is ev5+ ye say1 ,x w be fair wea!r1 = ! sky is r$4 ,& 9 ! morn+1 ,x w be f\l wea!r to-day1 = ! sky is r$ & l[]+4 ,o1 ye hypocrites1 ye c disc]n ! face ( ! sky1 etc4 ,ano!r allusion to ! wea!r1 ?\gh n applicable to ?is po9t1 ,i w ref] to 9 pass+4 ,x is f\nd 9 ,luke1 *apt] xii41 v]ses #ed & #ee3 ,& he said also to ! p1 ,:5 ye see a cl\d rise out ( ! we/ /raightway ye say1 ,!re come? a %[]2 & s x is4 ,& :5 ye see ! s\? w9d bl[1 ye say1 ,!re w be heat2 & x come? to pass4 ,?is is all v true1 & might h be5 cit$ to %[ ! univ]sality ( ! ph5om5a4 ,b to return4 ,we h an old ,engli% prov]b allud+ to ! same ph5om5a1 ( great value & tru?1 viz43 ,an ev5+ r$ & a morn+ gray ,are sure signs ( a fair day2 ,be ! ev5+ gray & ! morn+ r$1 ,put on y\r hat or y'll wet y\r head4 ,! sky is r$ if !re be no cond5sation at ! we/ to obscure ! rays ( ! sun2 if !re be1 x is gray1 or !re is a bank or cl\d1 & x is obscur$4 ,s if !re be no cond5sation ov]1 or to ! ea/ ( u1 9 ! morn+1 to reflect ! rays ( ! sun1 ! sky is gray2 if !re be su* cond5sation1 ! sun is reflect$ f x1 & ! sky is r$4 ,su* morn+ cond5sation is indicative ( f\l wea!r4 ,x is1 z we h said1 ! ea/]n edge ( an approa*+ /orm1 on1 or "u :i*1 ! sun %9es & illum9es x4 ,?us1 at night1 x %9es ?r\gh a portion at ! we/1 :i* is situate betwe5 ! sun & u1 mak+ ! sky gray3 b %9es on1 or "u1 a portion 9 ! morn+1 ea/ ( u1 b n f> en\gh ea/ to obscure ! horizon1 & ! rays ( ! ris+ sun are reflect$ f x4 ,9 ei!r case ! r$ or gray appe>ance results f ! relative situation ( ! sun & ! ea/]n edge ( an approa*+ /orm4 ,! foll[+ c\plet ( ,d>w9 is an apt description ( ! morn+ appe>ance3 ,9 fi]y r$ ! sun do? rise1 ,!n wades ?r\gh cl\ds to m\nt ! skies4 ,! sun is (t5 reflect$ 9 vivid colors1 f ! "u surface ( cl\ds1 at sunset4 ,?is is an indication ( fair wea!r4 ,x is evid5t ! sun %9es ?r\gh a cle> atmosph]e beyond ! cl\d1 or 8 rays w\ld n rea* & illume ! l[] surface ( ! cirro-/ratus ) su* di/9ctness4 ,he sets cle>1 z is said2 ! cl\ds are pass+ (f1 & !re are none beyond4 ,x is ?is appe>ance1 9 diff]5t =ms1 :5 !re happ5 to be pat*es ( brok51 melt+ cirro-/ratus above ! horizon1 :i* makes ! beautiful sunsets t attract att5tion4 ,s ! sun is reflect$1 9 beautiful colors sometimes1 f ! cumulus cl\ds :i* h pass$ ov] to ! ea/4 ,! mo/ beautiful & v>iegat$ ,i h ev] se51 7 reflect$ f t imp]fect cumulus cond5sation :i* takes place occasionally dur+ long dr\?s--d\btless resembl+ t :i* is se5 ov] ,p]u1 h]e9be=e allud$ to1 z describ$ by ,/ew>t4 ,x is n1 !n1 ! pres5ce ( cl\d cond5sation at ! we/1 at nightfall1 :i* alone indicates f\l wea!r2 b su* cond5sation1 :atev] its =m1 z ev9ces t x is n ! dissolv+ cl\d ( ! day1 b ! ea/]n1 approa*+ portion ( a /ill d5s] portion beyond1 ?r\gh1 or "u :i*1 ! sun c n %9e cle>ly1 b :i* :olly or p>tially obscures x4 ,rememb]+ ?is philosophy ( ! matt]1 ! obs]v] w soon be able to detect ! v>i\s =ms ( cond5sation :i* orig9ate or exhibit !mselves at nightfall1 & :e!r !y indicate an approa*+ /orm or n1 )\t a m explicit specification ( !m4 ,x is an important h\r = obs]vation2 ,let n ! sun g d[n )\t att5tion4 ,:5 ! cond5sation is obvi\s1 b ?91 at nightfall1 x may n1 z ,i h said1 be disc]nible 9 ! ev5+4 ,b !re are me?ods by :i* ! incipi5t /orm cond5sation may be detect$4 ,! numb] ( ! />s visible1 & ! di/9ctness ) :i* !y may be se51 indicate ! abs5ce or pres5ce ( cond5sation & its d5sity4 ,virgil1 allud+ to ! indications ( fair wea!r1 says3 ,brightly ! />s %9e =?2 ,cyn?ia no m ,glimm]s obnoxi\s to h] bro!r's rays2 ,nor fleecy cl\ds float lightly ?r\gh ! sky4 ,! brightness ( ! />s & ! cle> appe>ance ( ! moon %[ ! abs5ce ( cond5sation & ! dissolution ( ! fleecy cl\ds at ! close ( ! day is1 z we h se51 always a fair-wea!r indication4 ,!re is mu* true philosophy 9 ! allusions ( ,virgil to ! moon4 ,?us-- ,:5 ,luna fir/ h] scatt]'d fires recalls1 ,if ) blunt horns %e holds ! dusky air1 ,seam5 & swa9s pr$ict ?' abundant %[]4 ,! horns1 or angles ( ! moon w1 ( c\rse1 appe> di/9ct & %>p or indi/9ct & blunt1 9 proportion to ! am\nt ( cond5sation 9 ! atmosph]e :i* imp$es ! passage ( ! light4 ,= ! same reason1 :5 ! moon is new1 h] entire disk is visible :5 ! atmosph]e is v cle>1 by reason1 z is suppos$1 ( light reflect$ f ! e>? to ! moon & back to u4 ,?is d\ble reflection c only take place :5 ! atmosph]e is v cle>4 ,h5ce1 ,virgil alludes to x1 & correctly1 z an indication ( cont9u$ fair wea!r3 ,if 7m>k ! om9\s h\r67 ,! cle> f\r? night h] lucid disk def9e1 ,t day1 & all t !nce successive spr+1 ,e'en to ! f9i%$ mon?1 are calm & dry4 ,probably ,virgil allud$ to a mon? ( ! summ] trade-w9d dr\? :i* rea*es up on ,s\!rn ,italy4 ,b t appe>ance ( ! moon is occasionally se5 "h1 & ! indication is1 9 degree1 philosophically true4 ,x is some:at m difficult to det]m9e :at w be ! result ( ! cond5sation se5 at ! we/ 9 ! morn+1 & :i* is n s f> ea/1 or ( su* a "*1 z to reflect ! rays ( ! sun2 =1 al?\gh always suspici\s1 x is sometimes ( a foggy "*1 & disappe>s betwe5 eight & n9e o'clock4 ,if x increases 9 d5sity aft] t5 o'clock1 or is ( a d5se cirro-/ratus "*1 ra9 may g5]ally be expect$4 ,if ( a decid$ cirro-cumulus "*1 x is c]ta9 to disappe>4 ,cirro-cumulus is se5 9 small pat*es1 ) small1 di/9ct1 & r\nd$ masses1 9 summ]1 9 ! morn+1 & sometime1 dur+ ! day1 aft] high fog has disappe>$1 & at o!r times1 & is always1 :5 ( t di/9ct "*1 a fair wea!r indication4 ,i h se5 x ?us :5 ! w9d 0 bl[+ f ! ,n4 ,e41 & ! scud runn+ t[>d a /orm pass+ ne>1 b to ! s\? ( u1 :5 ^? :o reli$ ^u ! exi/5ce ( ! w9d & scud z evid5ces t we 7 to h ! desir$ ra91 7 deceiv$4 ,?us1 ! c\plet f an old almanac3 ,if woolly fleeces /rew ! heav5ly way1 ,be sure no ra9 di/urb ! summ] day4 ,:5 ?is morn+ cond5sation is n high fog1 & is d5se & pass+ ea/ ) a wavy appe>ance1 x is v c]ta9 to ra94 ,j5n] says3 ,! bod+ %eph]d heaves a sigh1 ,= see1 a ra9b[ spans ! sky4 ,an old almanac _h ! foll[+ v]se3 ,a ra9b[ 9 ! morn+ ,is ! %eph]d's w>n+2 ,a ra9b[ at night ,is ! %eph]d's delight4 ,s ! prov]b 0 orig9ally made2 b z our ance/ors 7 n %eph]ds1 & _h a horror ( ocean /orms1 x 0 commonly quot$1 9 ?is c\ntry1 9 ! foll[+ =m3 ,a ra9b[ 9 ! morn+1 ,! sailors take w>n+1 etc4 ,ra9b[s are n reflect$ f cl\ds1 b fall+ ra91 & a morn+ ra9b[ at ! we/ is1 ( c\rse1 evid5ce t x is actually ra9+ !re1 & w1 9 all probability1 pass ov] u4 ,?und] 9 ! morn+1 ra9 be=e night1 is a common say+1 & a true "o4 ,!re is a belt ( %[]s1 or %[]y p]iod approa*+1 ( unusual int5sity--= ?und] %[]s 9 ! morn+ are r>e4 ,! aft]noon is _! mo/ common p]iod1 & !y are v apt to appe> !n1 :5 ! morn+ is %[]y4 ,( ! diff]5t =ms ( cirrus & cirro-/ratus1 :i* appe> dur+ ! day1 & indicate approa*+ /orms1 or ( cumulus indicative ( %[]s1 x is difficult to give an intelligible description )\t v _m illu/rations4 ,i h _m dagu]reotype views1 tak5 at diff]5t seasons ( ! ye>1 & at a "t :5 diff]5t =ms ( cirrus & cirro-/ratus cond5sation1 indicative ( /orms1 exhibit$ !mselves4 ,!y diff]1 z ,i h said1 & x mu/ be rememb]$1 v mu* at diff]5t seasons ( ! ye>1 & 9 diff]5t ye>s1 & _! delicate %ades are tak5 ) difficulty by ! arti/1 & reproduc$ ) difficulty1 & only at consid]able exp5se1 by ! engrav]2 & ,i h omitt$ !m4 ,! "t w come :5 a k ( _! language w be s\ght = & read--:5 ! c\nt5ance ( ! sky w be an object ( intellig5t int]e/ to all ^: bus9ess may be affect$ by ! wea!r1 or :o love to le>n ( nature4 ,b x is n yet4 ,?is is ! age ( !ory & speculation4 ,! "t ( actual1 practical1 connect$ obs]vation & progno/ication1 :i* may ju/ify exp5sive illu/ration1 is yet to arrive4 ,! read] w f9d 9 ! g5]al plates repres5tations ( sev]al k9ds ( cirri4 ,!y are delicate1 always :ite1 m or less fibr\s1 & =m 9 ! upp] "p ( ! trade or ! adjo9+ atmosph]e above x4 ,_! "* & elevation %\ld be /udi$1 & ! obs]v] %\ld be c>eful to di/+ui% :i* is ! mo/ elevat$4 ,n unfrequ5tly x may seem1 to a ha/y obs]v]1 t ! cirrus is bel[ ! cirro-/ratus or =m+ /ratus4 ,b ! g5u9e cirrus nev] is4 ,x =ms ne>1 & above1 ! po9t ( congelation1 & is (t5 compos$ ( cry/als ( ice or sn[4 ,if !y fall1 !y melt & evaporate1 :5 !re is no /orm1 be=e rea*+ ! e>?4 ,a]onauts h met ) !m & _! cry/als :5 !re 0 no fall ( moi/ure at ! surface ( ! e>?2 & ! angles ( reflection exhibit$ by halos & o!r optical ph5om5a :i* =m 9 !m1 enable u to detect _! cry/allization & ! =m ( x4 ,!y are produc$ by electric *anges :i* cond5se ! vapor1 & ! coldness ( ! air at t elevation freezes x at ! in/ant ( its cond5sation4 ,congelation is cry/allization1 & all cry/allization is electric1 or magneto-electric4 ,! sn[-flakes diff] 9 =m & size accord+ to ! sudd5ness ( ! cond5sation1 ! am\nt ( moi/ure cond5s$1 ! pol>ity ( ! /rata ?r\gh :i* !y pass1 & _! consequ5t attraction & adhesion to ea* o!r4 ,! connection ( electricity ) ^! =mations ( cirri has frequ5tly be5 admitt$1 & x is p]fectly obvi\s t ! long fibr\s b&s1 %oot+ f horizon to horizon1 c\ld n be =m$ by comm+l+ ( curr5ts any m ?an ! p]fectly isolat$1 di/9ct1 enl>g+-outw>d cumulus hail-/orm1 c\ld be s =m$4 ,cirri =m at ! l9e ( meet+1 betwe5 ! trade & ! upp] atmosph]e1 & 9 "o or ! o!r1 or bo?1 v mu* accord+ to ! season1 & ! sudd5ness ) :i* /orms are produc$4 ,^! (t5 induce a lay] ( cirro-/ratus or /ratus at ! l[] l9e ( ! c\nt]-trade1 & 9 ! surface-atmosph]e1 :i* precipitates2 & ?is op]ation is cle>ly disc]nible1 & v frequ5tly1 be=e g5tle ra9s4 ,cond5sation 9 ! :ole body ( ! trade is usually 9 ! =m ( turbidness or mi/9ess1 a bank or incipi5t /ratus1 )\t cirri4 ,x seems matt] ( a/oni%m5t t wat] %\ld float s f> cond5s$1 9 /rata :]e ! air is s mu* light]1 )\t be+ precipitat$4 ,b electric attraction & repulsion betwe5 ! diff]5t /rata & ! vesicles1 expla9 x4 ,9 mid-w9t]1 ! cirrus =ms are preval5t & mo/ di/9ct4 ,aft] sev]e cold wea!r1 :5 a /orm approa*es1 ! cirri =m 9 long1 n>r[ ?reads1 p>allel to ea* o!r1 ext5d+ f ab\t ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 to ,e4 ,n4 ,e41 gradually ?ick5+ & =m+1 or induc+1 cirro-/ratus & /ratus1 & dropp+ sn[4 ,?is =m is call$ ! l9e>-cirrus4 ,! tuft$1 & o!r fibr\s =ms1 are se5 9 pat*es also1 9 great di/9ctness1 dur+ ^! mid-w9t] days1 :5 ! w9d gets ar\nd to ! s\?w>d1 & ! wea!r is pleasant4 ,su* days are call$ wea!r-bre$]s1 & _! (fspr+ ! pat*es ( cirrus1 :i* are to ext5d & compose1 or induce ! /orm1 & inde$ are an advance "p ( x1 are !n nev] abs5t4 ,a cle>1 mod]ate day1 9 a normal w9t]1 ) w9d f any s\!rn po9t1 h[ev] light1 betwe5 ! #a/ ( ,janu>y & ! middle ( ,febru>y1 )\t ^! pat*es ( cirrus1 is v uncommon4 ,wat* & see :e!r !y t5d to cirro-/ratus1 or :e!r ! w9d gets ar\nd to ! ,n4 ,w4 at nightfall1 & !y disappe>4 ,if ! =m]1 a /orm may be expect$2 if ! latt]1 fair wea!r4 ,?us !re are ?ree peculi>ities att5d+ ! =m+ cirrus ( mid-w9t] 7#a/ ( ,janu>y to #aj? ( ,febru>y73 long1 fibr\s1 p>allel b&s 9 ! morn+ 7l9e> cirrus71 gradually coalesc+ z ! day advances1 aft] sev]e cold2 ! comoid1 curl$1 or tuft$ cirrus1 9 curl+ bun*es1 call$ m>es'-tails1 & ! transv]se1 :5 ! fib]s are 9 b&s or ?reads1 :i* are n p>allel1 b cross ea* o!r at angles1 m or less acute4 ,! two =m] v>ieties are repres5t$ on ,figure #e1 page #bf1 indicat$ by "o bird1 b ! la/ =m is a v preval5t "o 9 our atmosph]e4 ,v>i\s names h be5 giv5 to diff]5t =ms ( cirro-/ratus4 ,^? repres5t$ 9 ,figure #e1 page #bf1 are ! cymoid on ! "r1 ! mottl$ on ! left1 bel[ ! cirro-cumulus2 & ! l9e> bel[ t4 ,! =m kn[n z ! mack]el sky is n repres5t$ !re4 ,x consi/s ( regul> =ms1 resembl+ ! waves on ! surface ( ! wat] :5 ! w9d bl[s a g5tle breeze4 ,b ! wavy =m1 & ( all sizes1 is v frequ5tly assum$ by cirro-/ratus1 :i* is rapidly cond5s+1 & turn+ to /ratus4 ,9 ! mack]el sky1 /rictly s call$1 ! waves are small1 p>allel1 ne>ly di/9ct & equi-di/ant1 & resembl+ ! appe>ance ( a s*ool ( mack]el1 swimm+ 9 ! same direction1 "o above ano!r4 ,all wavy =ms ( cirro-/ratus indicate a disposition to increas$ cond5sation & ra94 ,:5 ! waves are v l>ge & d5se1 & cross obliquely1 or unite at "o end1 ra9 is v c]ta9 to fall soon1 if ! l9e ( progress ( ! cond5sation is ov] ! obs]v]1 & ! cl\ds are se5 9 ! we/]n or ,n4 ,w4 qu>t] ( ! sky4 ,b !re are few =ms :i* are n occasionally se5 :5 no ra9 or sn[ falls4 ,! int5sity ( ! electric action :i* produces !m may n be suffici5t to effect precipitation1 or !y may be ! att5dant1 att5uat$ lat]al cond5sation1 :i* frequ5tly ?9s out a consid]able di/ance f ! d5se1 precipitat+ portions ( ! /orm4 ,if t d5s] portion is nor? ( u1 ! probabilities ( ra9 are great]1 = !re is always a probability t ! /orm may be ( ! "* :i* is ext5d$ s\?1 by a pol> wave4 ,! obs]v] mu/ wat* ! =mation ( cirri1 & ! diff]5t =ms ( cirro-/ratus & /ratus1 & become famili> ) _! appe>ance4 ,x is n a difficult task4 ,) ! aid ( a few g5]al directions he w soon be famili> ) !m3 #a4 ,get a correct idea ( ! diff]5t *>act]s ( ! prim>y cl\ds4 ,! true fibr\s cirrus--! diff]5t =ms ( cirro-/ratus--! smoo?1 uni=m /ratus--! cirro-cumulus1 :i* is no?+ b a cirro-/ratus1 sep>at$ into di/9ct masses by ! repulsion ( /atic electricity--& ! cumulus1 too di/9ct ev] to be mi/ak54 ,!re is no difficulty1 except ) ! v>i$ =ms ( cirro-/ratus4 ,x is useless to attempt to give1 or ! obs]v] to rely on1 names = ^! num]\s =ms1 )\t z num]\s illu/rations4 ,^? 9 use are r>ely appli$ correctly4 ,i h nev] met ) t5 p]sons :o appli$ ev5 ! t]m mack]el sky to ! same precise =m ( cirro-/ratus4 ,9 relation to all ( !m x is to be obs]v$ t pol> belts ( cond5sation1 & local appe>ances ( consid]able ext5t1 are (t5 too feeble 9 action to precipitate1 ev5 :5 ! mack]el =m is pres5t2 & all may be ! lat]al att5dants ( pass+ /orms4 ,!re=e1 #b4 ,satisfy y\rself :e!r ! cirrus or cirro-/ratus increases 9 d5sity & t5ds to ! =mation1 or induction1 ( /ratus2 & :e!r x is isolat$1 or an ext5sion ( ! cond5sation ( a /orm1 & if ! latt]1 :]e t /orm is4 ,! "t w come :5 an intellig5t use ( ! telegraph w d ?is = y4 #c4 ,look also to ! "* ( ! w9d1 if !re be any4 ,on ?is subject ,i h p]haps said all t is necess>y 9 ! prec$+ pages4 ,next to cond5sation1 ! direction & "* ( ! w9d is ! mo/ valuable progno/ic4 ,inde$ x (t5 tells u t a /orm is approa*+1 & ! qu>t] f :i* x w come1 & its "*1 be=e ! cond5sation is visible4 #d4 ,see if !re is any second>y cond5sation or scud4 ,^! are sometimes se5 runn+ t[>d a /orm1 :5 !re are n di/9ct cl\ds visible 9 ! we/]n horizon1 at nightfall1 or 9 ! ev5+1 z 9 ! in/ance /at$ 9 ! introduction1 & sometimes f ! nor?-ea/1 z 9 cases h]et(ore s (t5 /at$4 ,b ! ea/]ly scud d n (t5 =m 9 w9t]1 until aft] ! cirrus has pass$ into ! =m ( cirro-/ratus1 or has induc$ ! latt] =ms 9 ! inf]ior portion ( ! trade1 or ! surface atmosph]e4 ,! inductive effect ( ! prim>y cond5sation1 !re=e1 is n always1 & especially 9 w9t]1 suffici5t to create ! ea/]ly curr5t & scud1 & x is (t5 ! case t ! ea/]ly w9d is n felt1 or ! scud se51 9 sn[-/orms1 until ! sn[ has begun to fall1 & ! fir/ sn[ w fall ) a ,s4 ,w4 air1 z ,i h h]et(ore /at$4 ,b :5 ! cond5sation has s f> advanc$ t[>d /ratus t ! ea/]ly w9d & scud are obvi\s1 !re is little or no d\bt t ra9 or sn[ w fall spe$ily4 ,! occasional occurr5ce ( ea/]ly w9d & scud1 )\t ra91 h[ev]--dry nor?-ea/]s1 z ,i h t]m$ !m--9 connection ) /orms pass+ s\? ( u1 or cond5sation too feeble to precipitate1 %\ld be rememb]$4 ,! long1 dry1 nor?-ea/]ly w9ds ( spr+ h be5 attribut$ to ! iceb]gs1 b !y are ov]laid by feeble /ratus or cirro-/ratus cond5sation1 or are ! result ( attraction1 by a m s\!rn precipitation4 ,! obs]v] mu/ be c>eful to di/+ui% betwe5 ! v>i\s =ms ( ,n4 ,w4 scud & cirro-/ratus1 :i* !y sometimes resemble4 ,?is he may d f ! direction 9 :i* !y move4 ,cirro-/ratus always moves f "s po9t betwe5 ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 & ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 to "s po9t betwe5 ,n4 ,n4 ,e4 & ,e4 ,n4 ,e4 ,! v>i\s =ms ( ,n4 ,w4 scud move to ! ,s4 ,e4 ,! ,m>*1 foggy scud1 f betwe5 ,w4 & ,n4 ,w41 r>ely h any cirro-/ratus above !m1 b r a peculi> turbid cond5sation4 ,! "* ( ! prim>y cond5sation1 ! direction & =ce ( ! w9d1 & ! direction ( ! second>y cond5sation or scud1 mu/ be ! ma9 reliance ( ! obs]v]4 ,b ,i mu/ reit]ate t !y all diff] 9 diff]5t k9ds ( /orms1 9 diff]5t seasons ( ! same ye>1 & ! same seasons ( diff]5t ye>s2 & ! obs]v] mu/ be c>eful to make due all[ance = ^? diff]5ces4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 div]s o!r second>y signs1 :i*1 al?\gh n alone to be reli$ ^u1 w aid ! obs]v]1 if c>efully /udi$1 :5 ! "* ( ! cl\ds1 & ! pressure ( ea/]ly or s\!rly w9d & scud1 are n decisive4 ,( ^!1 a l>ge class are electrical4 ,! smoke desc5ds ! adjo9+ *imney-flues1 or outside ( ! *imney1 t[>d ! gr\nd4 ,?us1 ,d>w91 z quot$ by ,hone3 ,! smoke f *imneys "r asc5ds1 ,!n1 spread+1 back to e>? x b5ds4 ,smoke is electrifi$ positively1 by ! act ( combu/ion2 ! e>? & ! adjac5t atmosph]e1 :5 /orms are ga!r+ or approa*+1 is negative4 ,h5ce ! smoke spreads1 & is attract$ d[nw>d by an opposite electricity4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is int]e/+ to see1 at o!r times1 & :5 ! diff]5ce 9 temp]ature is n mat]ial1 b ! :ole atmosph]e is positive1 ) :at rapidity & compactness ! smoke w asc5d 9 a /raight & elevat$ column f ! *imney1 repell$ by a simil> electricity4 ,i am aw>e x is g5]ally suppos$ ! smoke desc5ds because ! air is light]4 ,b x is a mi/ake4 ,i h se5 x desc5d :5 ! b>omet] 0 at #cj deg44#fj1 or 4#fj above ! mean4 ,!re is1 too1 a draught d[nw>d 9 *imneys1 9 su* cases :5 !re is no smoke or fire 9 any ( its flues4 ,?us ,j5n] says3 ,! soot falls d[n2 :e!r he meant by ?is t !re 0 an actual fall ( soot o!r ?an :at is occasion$ by ! ra9 fall+ 9 ?r\gh ! *imney top1 & di/urb+ ! soot1 z sometimes happ5s1 ,i d n "k4 ,x occurs r>ely1 & is ( v little practical importance4 ,b e h\sewife kn[s t *imneys1 :i* h be5 us$ 9 w9t]1 & are full ( soot1 smell be=e /orms4 ,! odor results f a d[nw>d draught & ! dampness ( ! air4 ,s ! smoke f "o flue w desc5d ano!r1 into "s unus$ room1 on su* occasions4 ,ano!r class ( ^! electrical signs are felt by ^? :o are suff]+ f *ronic diseases1 :i* h affect$ ! n]ves & made !m s5sitive4 ,?us ,j5n]3 ,old ,betty's jo9ts are on ! rack4 ,& ,hone adds3 ,h] corns ) %oot+ pa9s torm5t h]1 ,& to h] b$ untimely s5d h]4 ,b ,old ,betty's rheumatism or corns are n alone 9 ?is4 ,^? ^: bones h be5 brok5 feel x4 ,all invalids feel x4 ,&1 inde$1 all obs]v+ heal?y p]sons may1 & d1 al?\gh all are n di/9ctly consci\s ( x4 ,x is common = su* to say1 ,i feel sleepy1 or ,i feel dull1 or1 ,x feels l sn[1 or feels l ra91 & ?us f _! own feel+s to be able to pr$ict1 n only fall+ wea!r1 b its "*1 :e!r sn[ or ra91 at a "t :5 ei!r may occur consi/5tly ) appe>ances4 ,?is *ange is a *ange f ! positive electricity :i* is s cong5ial to ! active--brac+ is ! usual t]m--to negative & damp--= ?is *ange is accompani$ by cond5sation1 z ,i believe all *anges f positive to negative are4 ,c]ta9 x is1 if ! atmosph]e is highly *>g$ ) negative electricity1 cond5sation takes place2 if ) positive1 evaporation4 ,p]haps x is a *ange ( ! associat$ electricity :i* accompanies magnetism1 & n ( ! free atmosph]ic electricity alone4 ,h5ce ano!r ph5om5on allud$ to by ,j5n]3 ,! walls are damp1 ! dit*es smell4 ,!re are localities :]e ?is dampness is v obvi\s4 ,! celebrat$ ,william ,cobbett1 _m ye>s s9ce1 :5 a f>m] on ,long ,isl&1 obs]v$ & publi%$ ! fact t ! /ones grew damp be=e a /orm4 ,i "k ( flagg+ /ones t usually gr[ damp two or ?ree h\rs be=e ra91 especially 9 spr+ & fall1 & e /ep tak5 ^u !m is made visible by a correspond+ increase ( cond5sation4 ,! rev]se ( ?is takes place j be=e ! close ( /orms4 ,flagg+ /ones1 & walls "u cov]1 w frequ5tly become dry be=e ! ra9 ceases4 ,! negative electricity becomes less z ! positive prevails1 al?\gh ! cl\ds above are /ill dropp+ ra94 ,9 ! comp>atively moi/1 %[]y climate ( ,engl&1 ^! *anges f positive to negative alt]nate rapidly betwe5 successive %[]s2 b obs]vations ( electric ph5om5a1 or ( cl\ds1 9 t climate1 are n1 )\t qualification1 safe guides = u4 ,s ! dit*es smell1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ev5+ be=e a ra91 :5 ! imm$iate surface-atmosph]e is *>g$ ) negative electricity1 & ! cond5s+ moi/ure prev5ts ! diffusion ( ! odors4 ,= ! same reason ! c&le w n relight1 & !re is crackl+ 9 ! a%es or lamp4 ,?us1 aga91 ,virgil3 ,maid5s t nightly toil ! tangl$ fleece ,div9e ! com+ tempe/2 9 ! lamp ,crackles ! oil1 ! ga!r+ wick gr[s dim4 ,virgil did n live 9 our cold climate1 & knew no?+ ( ! crackl+ 9 ! fire1 or 9 ! a%es or coals :i* rema9 aft] ! wood is consum$4 ,! lamp exhibits x on a small] scale1 & p]haps he _h notic$ x :5 9 company ) ! maid5s4 ,b x is sometimes noticeable ev5 9 ! lamp or c&le ) u4 ,a small p>ticle ( moi/ure w produce x1 9 a m>k$ degree1 at any "t4 ,9 w9t]1 :5 ! air is highly positive & cold1 ! c&le c be bl[n out1 & by ano!r puff ( ! brea? relight$1 ) ease4 ,b :5 ! electricity be=e a /orm becomes negative1 & p>tial cond5sation takes place1 ?is c n be done4 ,?is p>tial cond5sation be=e /orms & %[]s %[s itself ^u vessels conta9+ cold-wat]1 9 summ]4 ,x seems to be ! receiv$ op9ion1 t ! cond5sation is evid5ce ( a great] quantity ( moi/ure 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,b ?is1 too1 is a mi/ake1 & h5ce ! little reliance to be plac$ on hygromet]s4 ,?is p>tial cond5sation is sometimes visible4 ,:5 ! sun %9es cle>ly1 at ! ea/ or we/1 ?r\gh a small op5+ 9 ! cl\ds1 ! cond5s+ vapor is %[n by ! /reaks ( sunlight1 j z ! f9e p>ticles ( du/ are se5 9 a d>k room1 :5 a few rays ( sunlight are admitt$ ?r\gh a small ap]ture4 ,?is ph5om5on is (t5 obs]v$1 & x is said ( x--,x's a go+ to ra92 ! sun is draw+ wat]4 ,virgil alludes to ?is z se5 9 ! ea/ 9 ! morn+1 ?us3 ,b :5 b5ea? ! dawn r$-f+]$ rays ,?r\gh ! d5se b& ( cl\ds div]g+ break1 99 99 99 99 99 ,ill does ! leaf def5d ! mell[+ grape2 ,leaps on ! noisy ro( ! pl5te\s hail1 ,fe>fully crackl+4 ,x is well asc]ta9$ t /orm-cl\ds ( great int5sity h pol>ity 9 ! diff]5t portions1 & t 9 ! less int5se magneto-electrical climate ( ,engl& isolat$ %[]s are (t5 ( ?is "*--! pol>ity exi/+ 9 r+s4 ,%[]s are d\btless ?us f\nd ) u4 ,mr4 ,wise got into "o ( !m2 see 8 description 7,!ory & ,practice ( ,a]onautics page #bdj74 ,i h1 9 ano!r place1 allud$ to ! upw>d attraction ( ! du/ b5ea? ! advance cond5sation ( a %[]4 ,j5n] alludes to x 9 ! foll[+ l9es3 ,! :irl+ w9ds ! du/ obeys1 ,& 9 ! rapid eddy plays4 ,s ,virgil3 ,light *aff & leaflets1 flitt+1 fill ! air1 ,& sportive fea!rs circle on ! lake4 ,all ^! are electrical4 ,9 ,engl&1 :]e ! action ( su* isolat$ cl\ds is less int5se1 ! diff]5t electricities 9 diff]5t portions ( ! cl\d1 ^: opposite & *ang+ action produce all ! ph5om5a1 ! cond5sation1 ! cold & congelation1 ! curr5ts1 etc41 h be5 accurately asc]ta9$4 ,we c n get into ! situation occupi$ by ,mr4 ,wise4 ,b e man may obs]ve ^! inte/9e motions occasionally1 9 ! advance cond5sation ( an isolat$ ?und]-%[]1 9 front (1 b ne> ! smoo? l9e ( fall+ ra94 ,!y are m lat]al ?an upw>d or d[nw>d1 & are (t5 exce$+ly rapid 9 movem5t4 ,i h said t hail has (t5 be5 f\nd to fall f p>ticul> & well-def9$ portions ( a cl\d1 & ra9 f ! o!r portions1 ! hail be+ positive1 & ra9 negative4 ,an in/ance ( v /rik+ "* may be f\nd 9 ,espy's ,philosophy ( ,/orms 7,introduction1 page xx47 ,d\btless 9 all cases ?und]-%[]s1 :i* are isolat$ & di/9ct1 h opposite electricity 9 diff]5t portions1 to ^: active ag5cy all ! ph5om5a are ow+4 ,& ! return ( electricity to ! e>? 9 ! ra9 expla9s ! great] f]tiliz+ effect ( ! latt] comp>$ ,) all artificial wat]+4 ,he 0 a true philosoph] :o attempt$ to /imulate vegetation by electricity4 ,s\nds may sometimes aid ! obs]v] 9 d\btful cases 9 =etell+ ! wea!r4 ,! ro> ( ! surf1 or break+ ( ! waves on ! %ore1 :5 great bodies ( wat] are di/urb$ by a prec$5t /orm-w9d1 (t5 he>d be=e ! w9d is p]ceiv$ on ! l&1 ,i h already allud$ to4 ,& ?us ,virgil3 ,:5 /orms are brood+--9 ! leew>d gulf ,da% ! swell$ waves2 ! mighty m\nta9s p\r ,a h>%1 dull murmur2 f> along ! bea* ,rolls ! deep ru%+ ro>4 ,! moan+ or :i/l+ ( ! w9d all h notic$4 ,x is n uncommon to he> ! expression1 ,! w9d s\nds l ra94 ,j5n] says3 ,! holl[ w9ds beg9 to bl[4 ,& ,virgil3 ,! :isp]+ grove ,betrays ! ga!r+ elem5tal /rife4 ,?is :isp]+ is ! motion ( ! leaves2 & !y are (t5 /irr$ by a peculi> motion :i* is n t ( w9d4 ,sometimes e leaf ^u a tree may be se5 vibrat+ ) an upw>d & d[nw>d motion1 :5 !re is n w9d en\gh to /ir a twig4 ,?is int]e/+ ph5om5on is electrical4 ,trees1 & all vegetables1 confess$ly dis*>ge electricity1 & su* dis*>ges move ! leaves1 :5 v active4 ,) u1 s\nds c be he>d m di/9ctly f ! ea/ or s\?1 be=e /orms1 accord+ to ! "* ( ! com+ w9d4 ,h[>d m5tions an in/ance :5 he he>d c>riages five miles (f4 ,/eamboat paddles1 rail-road c>s1 & o!r s\nds1 are (t5 he>d a great di/ance4 ,! di/ance at :i* ! n[ common /eam-:i/le is he>d1 & ! direction1 is n an unimportant auxili>y indication ( ! wea!r4 ,h[>d attributes ^! peculi> ph5om5a to ! s\nd+ bo>d1 made by ! /ratum ( cl\d2 b s\nds may be he>d f ! nor?-we/1 :5 !re is no cond5sation1 & ! w9d is f t qu>t]1 & also f ! ea/ :5 x is n cl\dy2 & 9 a level c\ntry ! village bells (t5 tell ! direction ( ! curr5t ( air j ov] our heads :5 we d n feel x at ! surface4 ,! w9d is und\bt$ly mov+ 9 a rapid1 & p]haps invisible curr5t1 n f> above u4 ,if f ! ea/ or s\?1 x betok5s ra92 if f ! we/]n qu>t]1 fair wea!r4 ,! conduct ( ! diff]5t animals furni% a consid]able portion ( ! signs allud$ to by ,virgil & ,j5n]1 & are nev] unimportant auxili>y evid5ce ( ! approa*+ *anges1 :e!r f dry to wet1 or wet to dry4 ,! obs]v] w f9d1 9 ! conduct ( our birds & animals1 especially ^? :i* are n dome/ic1 ample evid5ce ( ! tru? ( ! descriptions ( ,virgil4 ,he d5ies ! animals & birds =esight1 b he does n seem to h obs]v$ t ! swall[ leaves = ! s\? z soon z ! autumnal *ange beg9s to be felt1 & 9 ,augu/2 nor ! evid5t sagacity ( o!r migratory birds4 ,!y d n act f ! v>y+ impulse produc$ by an actual /ate ( ?+s1 b a k or appreh5sion ( ^? :i* are to come4 ,?is is no?+ m or less ?an =esight4 ,s =esight t5ds to prud5ce & skill1 & !y ex]cise bo?1 & ) ref]5ce to ! future4 ,! goldf9* does n build h] ne/ 9 ! hole ( ! tree1 or 9 ! crot* ( ! limb2 b hangs x ) exquisite skill on ! sl5d] wav+1 outw>d bran*1 :]e no animal1 or l>g] bird1 or any depr$ator1 c be su/a9$4 ,%e is n m timid ?an o!rs2 :y does %e inv>iably ?us build8 ,:at makes h] impulses diff] f ^? ( o!r birds1 & always 9 ! same mann]8 ,j5n]1 too1 has gr\p$1 9 admirably descriptive language1 _m ( ! peculi>ities exhibit$ by animals & birds be=e approa*+ /orms1 "s ( :i* exhibit =esight1 & o!rs n4 ,p]haps ! roo/]1 :o keeps ceaseless wat* ov] 8 h>em1 is ! mo/ reliable wea!r-wat*] we h4 ,9 my e>li] days1 :5 x 0 ! practice to keep valuable birds ( ! k9d mu* long] ?an x n[ is1 & !y _h opportunity to become exp]i5c$1 x 0 int]e/+ to obs]ve h[ closely !y wat*$ ! wea!r4 ,i well rememb] a v5]able *anticle]1 :o1 p]*$ on ! tree among 8 h5s1 w\ld always =etell ! com+ /orm ( ! morr[1 by s\nd+ =? 9 ! ev5+1 & (t51 8 defiant note4 ,su* note 9 ! ev5+ 0 inv>iable evid5ce ( f\l wea!r4 ,& dur+ ! night1 _! e>li] & m frequ5t cr[+ is (t5 indicative ( x4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 9 ! e>li] "p ( ! day1 9 d\btful cases1 t no inconsid]able reliance may be plac$ on _! sagacity4 ,(t51 :5 a /orm is ga!r+ 9 ! =5oon1 !y w ann\nce x by an almo/ incessant cr[+4 ,! habits ( an exp]i5c$1 old-fa%ion$ bird1 ( ?is k9d1 w well repay att5tion2 b ,i c n answ] = ! ,%anghai & o!r fancy bre$s4 ,j5n] says3 ,! lee* di/urb$1 is newly ris5 ,q to ! summit ( 8 prison4 ,few h _h1 or w h1 opportunities to obs]ve ?is1 b x is /rik+ly true4 ,x is difficult to conceive h[ m]e cond5sation1 f an increase ( vapor 9 ! atmosph]e1 %\ld be =ese5 by ! lee* 9 8 wat]y prison4 ,x is obvi\s1 ,i ?9k1 !re is an electric *ange :i* rea*es him1 z x does ! :ole animal creation1 ! once brok5 bones1 & ! jo9ts ( ,aunt ,betty4 ,?us mu* ( ! philosophy ( signs4 ,! b>omet] is a useful in/rum5t1 9 connection ) obs]vations ( ! o!r ph5om5a4 ,x is especially useful to ! sailor1 z its indications relative to ! w9ds are mu* ! mo/ c]ta94 ,b x is n1 alone1 to be reli$ ^u4 ,?is is well settl$1 al?\gh ! reasons = x h n be5 und]/ood4 ,:y x %\ld rise sometimes be=e /orms1 9 opposition to ! g5]al rule--or fall at o!rs )\t ra9--or rise occasionally dur+ ! heavie/ gales1 has be5 a my/]y1 & impair$ ! confid5ce 9 its accuracy & usefulness ev5 ( ! class ( philosoph]s ( :om ,sir ,george ,h>vey spoke1 9 ! s5t5ce quot$ 9 ! introduction4 ,b1 z ,i h already intimat$1 x is all v intelligible4 ,i h said t ! b>omet] has no fair wea!r /&>d--! mean ( #cj in*es at ! level ( ! sea be+ an av]age ( ! fair wea!r elevations & ! f\l wea!r depressions4 ,its fair wea!r position1 x w\ld seem1 mu/ be above ! mean1 !re=e1 & z mu* above z its f\l wea!r depressions are bel[4 ,b ?is is n precisely true4 ,its extreme fair wea!r range is #ca in*es1 & x r>ely rea*es t2 :ile its l[e/ /orm range is d[n to #bh1 & is ! mo/ (t5 rea*$ ( ! two4 ,my b>omet] /&s ab\t #dj feet above ord9>y high-wat] m>k4 ,x is n a :eel1 b an op51 scale b>omet]1 & a p]fectly good "o4 ,its mo/ reliable fair wea!r /&>d is ab\t #cj-cj_/ajj in*es4 ,x is its mo/ common summ]1 set fair position1 b t position is (t5 at o!r & diff]5t elevations1 at o!r p]iods ( ! ye>1 dur+ fair wea!r4 ,! read] mu/ obs]ve = 8 own locality1 & satisfy himself :at ! mo/ common set fair position = ! b>omet] is1 at ! diff]5t p]iods ( ! ye>1 :]e he resides4 ,:5 he has asc]ta9$ ?is1 he may apply ! foll[+ pr9ciples to illu/rate its exceptional action1 & 9 judg+ ( ! future ( ! wea!r3 #a/4 ,z to its rise be=e /orms4--,suppos+ x to h be5 /ation>y1 at or ab\t a set fair position1 = ! p]iod1 & = "o or two or m days1 a v gradual & mod]ate rise is an indication ( cont9u$ fair wea!r2 & a sudd5 & consid]able rise is indicative ( a /orm4 ,if ! sudd5 & consid]able rise occurs 9 ! latt] "p ( spr+1 summ]1 or e>ly autumn1 x indicates a /orm ( ! fir/ or ?ird classes describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,x41 if 9 w9t]1 a /orm ( ! fir/ class only4 ,if ! elevation is v sudd5 & consid]able1 ! /orm w probably be sev]e4 ,! philosophy ( ?is1 accord+ to my pres5t appreh5sion ( x1 is1 t ^! /orms pres5t an ext5d$ ea/]ly front--settle v ne> ! e>?--& h a rapid progress--?us accumulat+ ! atmosph]e some:at1 9 advance ( !m4 #b;d4 ,z to its fall be=e /orms )\t previ\s rise4--,?is is always v regul> be=e ! second class ( /orms1 or pol> belts ( %[]s & /orms4 ,x is v fairly exemplifi$ 9 ! table f ,reid1 on page #cbi4 ,! b>omet]1 s f> z ,i h opportunity to obs]ve1 does n rise f a /ation>y position on ! approa* ( ?is class ( /orms4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( heat$1 summ]1 dry t]ms1 my b>omet] has mo/ frequ5tly rang$ at ab\t #cj4cj1 & gradually1 b sl[ly1 fall5 bel[ #cj in*es be=e ! belt ( %[]s arriv$1 & ! t]m clos$4 ,! f\r? rule ( ,dalton 7,meteorology1 page #ahc7 indicates a simil> law 9 ,engl&4 ,x is z foll[s3 ,9 summ]1 aft] a long cont9uance ( fair wea!r1 ) ! b>omet] high1 x g5]ally falls gradually1 & = "o1 two1 or m days1 be=e !re is mu* appe>ance ( ra94 ,if ! fall be sudd5 & great = ! season1 x w probably be foll[$ by ?und]4 #c;d4 ,x falls frequ5tly & consid]ably )\t ra94--,?is is ow+ to ! fact t all regul>1 p]iodic ef=ts at cond5sation d n result 9 ra94 ,! second1 ?ird1 & f\r? classes ( /orms describ$1 may n 7z we h said7 be suffici5tly active to precipitate1 al?\gh ! s]ies ( ph5om5a 7includ+ ! fall ( ! b>omet]7 may be1 9 o!r respects1 p]fect4 ,su* an in/ance may be f\nd 9 ,reid's table1 on page #cbi1 & on ! #aa? ( ! mon?4 ,b ! fall 9 su* cases is n z great1 unless ! w9d be viol5t4 #d?4 ,x rises dur+ consid]able gales4--,b ^! are ( ! k9d s (t5 allud$ to--viz41 ! ,n4 ,w41 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 & ! ,s4 ,w41 9 ! s\!rn2 & ! philosophy ( x has be5 expla9$1 & is obs]vable4 ,) ^! explanations1 ! read] w be able to und]/&1 & practically apply1 ! b>ometric *anges1 9 connection ) ! o!r ph5om5a1 9 =m+ an op9ion ( ! wea!r4 ,! !rmomet] is also an auxili>y4 ,x rises1 dur+ ! w9t] half ( ! ye>1 9 ! advance portion ( ! /orm1 & falls :5 x passes (f aga92 & ! rev]se is true1 z we h se51 :5 its range is v high 9 summ]4 ,x is1 !re=e1 to "s ext5t1 a useful auxili>y1 al?\gh ( m9or importance4 ,! hygromet] is ( less importance /ill4 ,x is n 9 g5]al use z a practical guide to ! *anges ( ! wea!r1 & does n des]ve to be4 ,a "q1 :i* has be5 mu* moot$1 des]ves a pass+ notice 9 ?is connection--viz41 :e!r our climate has gradually become ameliorat$ & mild] on ! ea/]n "p ( our cont95t1 s9ce its settlem5t4 ,i h n space left = its discussion4 ,humboldt 7,aspects ( ,nature1 page #ajc7 is ( op9ion t !re has be5 no mat]ial *ange4 ,he says3 ,! /atem5ts s frequ5tly advanc$1 al?\gh unsupport$ by measurem5ts1 t s9ce ! fir/ ,european settlem5ts 9 ,new ,engl&1 ,p5nsylvania1 & ,virg9ia1 ! de/ruction ( _m =e/s on bo? sides ( ! ,alleghanys1 has r5d]$ ! climate m equable--mak+ ! w9t]s mild] & ! summ]s cool]--are n[ g5]ally discr$it$4 ,no s]ies ( !rmometric obs]vations wor?y ( confid5ce ext5d fur!r back1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ?an sev5ty-eight ye>s4 ,we f9d1 f ! ,philadelphia obs]vations1 t f #agga to #ahbd1 ! mean annual heat has h>dly ris5 #b deg44#g ,fahr5heit--an increase t may fairly be ascrib$ to ! ext5sion ( ! t[n1 its great] population1 & to ! num]\s /eam-eng9es4 ,?is annual increase ( temp]ature may also be ow+ to accid5t1 = 9 ! same p]iod ,i f9d t !re 0 an increase ( ! mean w9t] temp]ature ( #b deg4 ,fahr5heit2 b1 ) ?is exception1 ! seasons _h all become some:at w>m]4 ,?irty-?ree ye>s' obs]vation1 at ,salem1 9 ,massa*usetts1 %[ sc>cely any diff]5ce1 ! mean ( ea* "o oscillat+ )9 #a deg4 ( ,fahr5heit1 ab\t ! mean ( ! :ole numb]2 & ! w9t]s ( ,salem1 in/ead ( hav+ be5 r5d]$ m mild1 z conjectur$1 f ! eradication ( ! =e/s1 h become cold]1 by #d deg4 ,fahr5heit1 dur+ ! la/ ?irty-?ree ye>s4 ,! facts h]e9be=e /at$ %[ t !re is no?+ l a regul> amelioration2 t ! seasons diff] dur+ ! same decade1 & diff]5t decades4 ,! cold decade1 f #ahaa to #ahbj1 has n be5 reproduc$4 ,b x may be1 & we "k n h[ soon4 ,s9ce t p]iod !re has c]ta9ly be5 a *ange--= ev5 ! cold p]iod f #ahce to #ahdj did n equal t f #ahae to #ahbj1 nor inde$ ^? ( #agge to #aghj or #agie to #ahjj4 ,b z ^! v>iations1 s f> z we are enabl$ to judge1 dep5d ^u ! v>y+ influ5ce ( ! sun's rays1 & ( volcanic action1 x is impossible to say t equally cold p]iods w n return1 dur+ ! latt] half ( ?is c5tury4 ,if ! influ5ce ( ! sun 0 con/ant1 & volcanic action regul>1 two causes w\ld t5d to modify ! seasons3 #a/4 ,! exposure ( ! surface to a m effective action ( ! sol> rays1 by a removal ( ! =e/s1 & by dra9age4 ,t su* action w\ld be m effective ^u a surface ?us uncov]$ & dra9$1 c n be d\bt$4 #b;d4 ,! movem5t ( ! area ( magnetic int5sity1 & ! magnetic pole1 to ! we/4--,!re is su* a movem5t1 & its progress c be measur$ by ! increase ( decl9ation on ! ea/ ( x1 & its decrease on ! we/4 ,& ! effect ( x on climate is unque/ionable4 ,9 all probability x has _h an influ5ce ^u ours2 & a removal ( t area & pole /ill fur!r we/--#fj deg4 or #hj deg4--w\ld *ange ! location ( ! conc5trat$ trade1 & ! ,gulf ,/ream1 & re/ore to ,gre5l& ! f]tility %e once _h1 & :i* ! ,f>oe ,isl&s n[ enjoy4 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 its removal z f> ea/ ( its pres5t position w\ld aga9 depopulate ,gre5l&1 & r5d] x aga9 inaccessible4 ,b ,i c n pursue ?is subject4 ,f9ally1 assi/ance may be d]iv$ f ! occasional1 al?\gh imp]fect1 acc\nts ( ! /ate ( ! wea!r else:]e1 :i* ! newspap]s af=d4 ,i h be5 mu* indebt$ to ! ,associat$ ,press ( ,new ,york = intellig5ce conta9$ 9 _! telegraphic reports4 ,occasionally !y h be5 v full & in/ructive4 ,on ?is po9t1 h[ev]1 !re is less ( reality 9 ! pres5t ?an ( hope 9 ! future4 ,! "t mu/ come :5 ! collection & dissem9ation ( meteorological tru?1 w be deem$ an object ( national importance1 & national duty4 ,population is increas+1 by immigration & propagation1 9 a rapidly progressive ratio4 ,!re has be5 great dang] t x w\ld outrun agricultural production4 ,a %ort crop ?is ye> w\ld h be5 disa/r\s to our prosp]ity--& ! dang] 0 imm95t4 ,e description ( bus9ess1 & e f9ancial circle1 felt t fev] ( anxiety x 0 s well calculat$ to induce4 ,! importance ( ext5d$ agricultural production1 & ! dep5d5ce ( all classes ^u its success1 are n[ 9 a great] measure appreciat$2 & none c fail to see ! value ( a correct und]/&+ ( ! wea!r to ! agriculturi/1 h[ %ort-sight$ soev] !y may be1 9 relation to its direct influ5ce ^u _! own prosp]ity & happ9ess4 ,our c\ntry is1 physically1 a mo/ favor$ "o4 ,! facts disclos$ or allud$ to 9 ?is volume %[ t x is )\t a p>allel on ! face ( ! globe2 & our facilities = meteorological obs]vation1 & ! asc]ta9m5t & practical application ( meteorological tru?1 are equally pre-em95t4 ,! great ext5t & unbrok5 surface ( ! ea/]n portion ( ! cont95t2 its excessive supply ( magnetism & atmosph]ic curr5ts1 & ! consequ5t m>k$ "* ( ! ph5om5a2 ! exi/5ce & prospective increase ( telegraph l9es ov] mo/ ( its surface2 ! homog5e\s & en]getic "* ( a population unit$1 ^u s l>ge a surface1 "u "o gov]nm5t2 ! fre$om ( t gov]nm5t f debt1 & ! excess ( its rev5ue2 ! possession ( a ,national ,obs]vatory1 ) a compet5t philosoph] at its head2 & a national in/itution1 lib]ally end[$1 & adapt$ to ! collection & diffusion ( practical & sci5tific intellig5ce1 give u an opportunity & a capacity = connect$ obs]vation & inve/igation1 & an ability to pr(it by x1 t no o!r nation c boa/4 ,we h1 too1 a j national pride4 ,our explor+ %ips h p5etrat$ & made discov]ies 9 bo? hemisph]es1 & our travel]s h visit$ successfully e clime2 & ?us our national int]e/s1 & obligations1 & pride1 dem& an organization1 practical & p]man5t1 9 relation to ?is subject1 & ! "t w come :5 we %all h x4 ,:5 t "t comes--:5 ! pres5t limit$ horizon ( ea* ( u is practically ext5d$ ov] ! entire c\ntry--& :5 ! actual /ate ( ! wea!r ov] e "p ( x is kn[n1 at ! same "t1 to ! inhabitants ( e o!r1 & e :]e read 9 ! light ( a correct philosophy1 progno/ication w be comp>atively simple & c]ta92 & ,a ,,progress w h be5 made1 productive ( an am\nt ( pecuni>y1 intellectual1 & social b5efit to ! p1 :i* c n be ov]e/imat$4 ,may x come be=e ! %ad[s ( ! night ( dea? h ga!r$ ar\nd u1 t we may h a m p]fect view ( t atmosph]ic ma*9]y :i* di/+ui%es our planet f o!rs1 & is1 ) su* inf9ite wisdom1 adapt$ to make x a fit habitation = man6 ,,! ,,end4 ,,app5dix4 ,s9ce ?is "w 0 complet$ ,i h receiv$ a v valuable publication1 entitl$1 ! ,army ,meteorological ,regi/]4 ,x is a compilation ( ! obs]vations made by ! (fic]s ( ! m$ical dep>tm5t ( ! army1 at ! milit>y ,po/s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 f #ahdc to #ahed inclusive1 prep>$ "u ! sup]vision ( ! ,surgeon-g5]al1 & publi%$ by direction ( ! ,secret>y ( ,w>4 ,to ?is1 !re is app5d$ a report or g5]al review ( ! prom95t features ( ,am]ican climatology1 s f> z ! basis af=d$ by ! publi%$ obs]vation ( ! army m$ical ,bureau w\ld w>rant positive d$uction1 by ,mr4 ,lor9 ,blodget1 a di/+ui%$ meteorologi/1 accompani$ by temp]ature & ra9 *>ts1 = ea* ( ! f\r seasons2--exhibit+ ! v>i\s local diff]5ces & peculi>ities relative to temp]ature & precipitation 9 ea*4 ,^! local diff]5ces & peculi>ities & contra/s are d$uc$ & del9eat$ by ,mr4 ,blodget ) mu* ability4 ,he 0 fett]$1 h[ev]1 by ! prevail+ calorific !ories1 & ! un=tunate practice ( gr\p+ ! ph5om5a into means = ! seasons1 ,spr+1 ,summ]1 ,autumn1 & ,w9t]1 :i* gr\p+ is arbitr>y1 & comp>atively un9/ructive4 ,h5ce1 he fail$ to discov] :at ! tables & summ>ies mo/ cle>ly disclose--! pr9ciples & sy/em unfold$ 9 ! =ego+ "w4 ,b ! summ>ies ( ?is regi/] conta9 obs]vations made at po/s 9 ,we/]n & ,s\?we/]n ,texas1 9 ,kansas & ,nebraska1 & 9 ,new ,mexico & ,cali=nia1 :]e !re has be5 a de>? ( su* obs]vations hi!rto1 & enable me to demon/rate1 m conclusively1 & ,i ?9k s t none c fail to und]/& x1 ! tru? ( ! philosophy ,i h endeavor$ to exhibit4 ,to d ?is1 ,i w take a ye>1--divide x into two seasons1 ! p]iods ( nor!rn & s\!rn transit1 ! only natural & correct division--& note ! ph5om5a 9 ea*1 z ea* progresses4 ,& ,i w take ! ye> #ahed1 because t is ! la/ ye> = :i* ! record ( obs]vation is complete2 because x _h m>k$ peculi>ities :i* are rememb]$2 & because ,i h allud$ to ^? peculi>ities1 & ^? allusions %\ld be confirm$ or disprov$ by ! record4 ,unless ,i mi/ake exce$+ly1 ! confirmation w be f\nd signal & conv9c+4 ,i h assum$1 pp4 #ahg1 #cea1 t ! transits 7 great] 9 "s seasons ?an o!rs2 t ! dr\ght ( #ahed 0 ow+ to an extreme nor!rn transit1 or to an ext5sion we/ ( ! conc5trat$ c\nt]-trade1 or bo?1 leav+ u less suppli$ ) moi/ure ?an usual4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 x appe>s f ^! obs]vations t x result$ f bo? causes1 op]at+ connect$ly2 & ! annals ( ,sci5ce r>ely furni% a m /rik+ in/ance ( analogical inf]5ce prov$ true by subsequ5t inve/igation4 ,comm5c+ !n ) ! comm5cem5t ( ! nor!rn transit ab\t ! #a/ ( ,febru>y1 we are enabl$ to trace ! !n location ( our conc5trat$ trade1 & its subsequ5t progress to ! nor? till ,augu/1 & its influ5ce ^u temp]ature & precipitation4 ,& we c also trace ! situation dur+ ! same p]iod1 ( ! int]v5+ dr\ght1 & ! int]-tropical belt ( ra9s1 & ! ext5sion ( ! latt] nor? ov] ,florida & ! cotton-plant+ ,/ates4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,febru>y1 #ahed1 our c\nt]-trade 0 some:at m conc5trat$ on its extreme w9t] curve1 ov] ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 ?an usual4 ,its l9e ( excess rea*$ up f ,=t ,brooke1 on ! p59sula ( ,florida1 to ! nor?we/1 a little ea/ ( ,p5sacola on ! gulf1 cutt+ ,m\nt ,v]non ,ars5al nor? ( ,p5sacola1 & ext5d+ !nce nor?-we/w>dly on to ,ea/]n ,l\isiana1 & curv+ !nce & pass+ ,n4 ,e4 or ,e4 ,n4 ,e41 to ! ,atlantic1 ab\t ! wat]s ( ! ,*esapeake ,bay4 ,x ?9n$ out to ! we/ ov] ,new ,orleans & ,baton ,r\ge1 supply+ !m mod]ately1 b did n ext5d to ! =ts ( ,texas on ! we/1 nor ! po/s 9 ! ,indian ,t]ritory at ! ,n4 ,w4 ,x 0 ea/ ( ,=t ,t[son1 :i* is ! s\?-ea/]n "o4 ,x did n rea* ,/4 ,l\is on ! nor?1 nor ext5d nor? ( ! ,ohio ,riv]1 z w appe> f ! tables h]e9aft] giv54 ,! foll[+ cut %[s sub/antially its situation on ! #a/ ( ,febru>y4 ,illu/ration ,n[1 dur+ ! mon? ( ,janu>y1 we f9d ! foll[+ /ate ( ?+s4 ,"u ?is conc5trat$ trade1 ! temp]ature 0 above ! mean1 ev5 if ,=ts ,monroe & ,mc,henry on ! ,atlantic are includ$2 b ,mr4 ,blodget discr$its _! returns1 & "s o!rs :i* d n con=m to g5]al results4 ,on ! we/ & nor? ( its curv+ l9e1 bo? precipitation & temp]ature 7 bel[ ! mean4 ,"u ! c\nt] trade1 we h ! foll[+ /ations1 ) _! actual & mean temp]ature4 ,i h ins]t$ ! temp]ature = sev]al subsequ5t mon?s1 to %[ a depression 9 ,april4 ,,table ,i4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,,lat4 ,,lon4 ,,jan4 ,,feb4 ,,m>4 ,,april4 ,,may4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,=t ,m\ltrie #cb4de #gi4ea #ej4hc #ec4ji #fb4gb #fb4gf #gc4ce ,mean ( #bh yrs4 #ej4cf #eb4da #eh4fh #fe4dd #gc4db ,=t ,pi]ce #bg4cj #hj4bj #fg4ia #fg4cc #gc4ja #ga4aj #gh4da ,mean ( #e yrs4 #fb4ge #fd4db #fi4gg #gc4fc #gf4ib ,=t ,meade #bh4ja #hb4jj #fc4ge #fc4cc #gj4fd #fh4aj #gf4ca ,mean ( #c yrs4 #eh4dj #fc4bc #fi4jb #fi4hi #gf4fi ,=t ,brooke #bh4jj #hb4bh #fb4id #fb4cf #gj4jf #gj4jg #gg4di ,mean ( #be yrs4 #fa4ec #fc4ed #fg4gb #ga4hb #gf4fd ,=t ,my]s #bf4ch #hb4jj #fg4ef #fg4ci #gc4gd #ga4jg #gi4ac ,mean ( #d yrs4 #fc4ci #fg4ih #gb4ai #gc4hf #hj4ac ,key ,we/ #bd4cb #ha4dh #ga4ge #ga4ie #gf4ef #gc4hi #hj4hd ,mean ( #ad yrs4 #ff4fh #fh4hh #gb4hh #ge4ch #gi4aj ,=t ,b>rancas #cj4ah #hg4bg #ed4ga #ed4ef #fd4ih #fb4ic #ge4dj ,mean ( #ag yrs4 #ec4fa #ee4eh #fa4hj #fh4ea #ge4de ,mt4 ,v]non ,ars'l #ca4ab #hh4jb #ea4eb #ec4ah #fe4bd #fb4cj #gd4fd ,mean ( #ad yrs4 #ej4dd #ec4fi #fj4bf #ff4hg #gc4ib ,baton ,r\ge #cj4bf #ia4ah #ec4dc #ef4dh #ff4bd #fd4fc #ge4aj ,mean ( #bd yrs4 #ec4dg #ee4jb #fa4ic #fi4cj #ge4fj ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ------------- ,,june4 ,,july4 ------------- #gh4ee #hb4jf #gi4ja #ha4gb #hb4ji #hd4af #gi4jb #hb4ej #gi4aj #hj4ag #gh4bd #gi4gf #hj4ea #ha4jh #gi4df #hj4gb #hb4ce #ha4ia #ha4be #hb4hg #hc4cd #hc4cj #ha4fc #hc4jj #ha4jj #hd4ee #hj4hj #hb4bf #gi4ag #gh4ij #gh4jc #gh4fb #hj4fa #hj4ji #hj4ef #ha4ha ------------- ,x w be se5 t ! temp]ature 0 above ! mean 9 ,janu>y at e po/ except ,baton ,r\ge1 & !re x 0 at ! mean4 ,we %all see h]eaft] t ,baton ,r\ge 0 ne> its we/]n l9e4 ,"u ?is trade dur+ ?is mon?1 & at ! same po/s1 ! fall ( ra9 0 z foll[s1 comp>$ ) ! mean3-- ,,table ,,ii4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,,janu>y4 ,,febr',y4 ,,m>*4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- #ahed4 ,mean4 #ahed4 ,mean4 #ahed4 ,mean4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,key ,we/4 #a4gg #b4hf #b4ee #a4ch #j4ea #d4ba ,=t ,my]s4 #a4ae #c4ij #d4gj #b4af #j4bj #d4fj ,brooke4 #c4hh #b4bj #f4hi #c4ja #b4dd #c4cg ,mead4 #a4cj #a4jg #b4ba #a4ja #a4he #a4fd ,pi]ce4 #c4ee #d4de #c4dj #b4gb #a4je #c4ja ,b>rancas4 #c4de #c4hg #e4ee #d4ie #g4ba #e4hg ,mt4 ,v]non ,ars'l #aa4ja #f4hj #ab4hc #f4jd #f4bb #d4ei ,baton ,r\ge4 #b4he #e4bf #e4ej #d4ia #f4ae #d4fh ,=t ,m\ltrie4 #c4hj #b4ci #b4hd #b4cc #j4be #d4jf ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------------------------- --- ,,april4 ,,may4 ,,june4 ,,july4 #ahed4 ,mean4 #ahed4 ,mean4 ---------------------------------------- --- #b4ii #a4ee #c4ad #b4eh #d4ed #c4de #b4ge #c4ad #e4fe #c4cc #f4ge #i4gj #h4hb #a4ie #f4ba #c4bd #i4dd #ae4ec #c4ai #a4gh #aj4ea #e4cd #g4bd #h4ee #g4jj #c4he #e4gj #d4bg #f4fc #d4ig #j4ej #b4id #c4dg #d4je #c4ci #e4dc #a4if #d4ba #d4de #d4fb #f4gb #f4ac #c4eh #e4bb #h4je #e4ah #d4jj #f4ee #b4bj #a4ge #c4gj #d4jh #d4bj #e4fi ---------------------------------------- --- ,x w be obs]v$ t 9 ,febru>y ! c\nt]-trade & extra-tropical belt _h mov$ up f ,key ,we/1 & a dr\ght1 :i* sometimes int]v5es betwe5 ! conc5trat$ c\nt]-trade & ! int]-tropical belt1 appe>$ !re 9 ,febru>y & ,m>*4 ,9 ,april1 ! int]-tropical belt appe>$ at t po9t1 & w5t on increas+ till ,septemb]4 ,z ! c\nt]-trade comm5c$ mov+ nor? 9 ,febru>y1 an increas$ precipitation above ! mean comm5c$ at all ! m s\!rn /ations "u ! conc5trat$-trade--an e>ne/ ( t irregul>ity :i* foll[$1 & m>k$ ! season z ! mo/ excessive ( ! c5tury4 ,9 ,m>*1 ! int]v5+ dr\ght appe>$ at ! o!r po/s on ! p59sula1 & also at ,=t ,m\ltrie1 foll[$ mu* m closely ?an usual1 by ! int]-tropical belt ( ra9s4 ,9 ,april1 ! dr\ght appe>$ at ,=t ,b>rancas & ,m\nt ,v]non ,ars5al 7! wave ( precipitation hav+ mov$ to ! we/71 & slightly 9 comp>ison at ,baton ,r\ge4 ,if n[ we look at ! condition ( ?+s1 we/ & nor? ( ! curv+ l9e ( conc5trat$ trade1 f ,=t ,br[n1 at ! m\? ( ! ,rio ,gr&e1 9 ,s\?-we/]n ,texas1 ?r\gh t ,/ate1 ! ,indian ,t]ritory1 ,arkansas1 ,miss\ri1 ,k5tucky1 & ,nor!rn ,p5nsylvania1 to ! ,atlantic1 we f9d ! !rmomet] e :]e 9 ,janu>y bel[ ! mean4 ,! foll[+ table w %[ ?is1 & ! precipitation = t mon? & ,febru>y3-- ,,table ,,iii4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,janu>y4 ,,febru>y4 ,,m>*4 ---------------------------------------- ------- #ahed4 ,mean4 #ahed4 ,mean4 #ahed4 ,mean4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,we/]n ,texas4 ,=t ,br[n #ei4cd #fj4da #fb4de #fc4fc #ga4hg #fh4ie ,ewell #ej4dg #eb4ib #eh4ab #eg4fa #gj4cd #fg4jj ,+e #dg4bd #di4df #ef4jd #ee4ci #fg4ed #fb4fc ,indian ,t]ritory4 ,=t ,t[son4 #cf4cb #dc4ad #di4bi #de4ig #ei4ee #ec4dj ,=ts ,gibson1 ,wa%ita1 & ,arbuckle1 9 mu* ! same proportions4 ,arkansas4 ,=t ,smi?4 #cc4ib #dj4ah #dg4ja #dc4hi #eg4ja #ea4eh ,miss\ri4 ,/4 ,l\is ,ars5al4 #be4dg #ca4dd #cf4ff #cc4dc #df4aj #db4cj ,k5tucky4 ,newport ,b>racks4 #ca4ge #cd4jd #ci4fj #cf4id #df4gd #de4df ,p5nsylvania4 ,allegh5y ,ars5al4 #bi4jh #bi4be #cc4di #ca4af #dj4cf #ci4jb ,delaw>e4 ,=t ,delaw>e #cb4ch #cc4fg #cd4ef #ce4hd #dc4ah #db4ij ,new ,york ,h>bor4 ,=t ,columbus4 #bh4ga #cj4ah #bh4ag #cj4dd #cf4ag #ch4bh ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,ra9 9 ,janu>y4 ,ra9 9 ,febru>y4 -------------------------------------- #j4de #a4ej #j4bb #b4hf #j4bj #b4ae #a4ja #b4jj #a4cg #b4je #j4fe #b4dj #c4bj #e4cj #b4bc #b4cc #b4cj #e4de #b4fj #d4jj -------------------------------------- ,we f9d1 also1 f ?is & table fir/1 t e :]e1 except at ,=t ,br[n1 & ^u ! ,atlantic coa/1 ! temp]ature _h ris5 above ! mean 9 ,febru>y4 ,! situation ( ! belt :i* suppli$ ! we/]n coa/ 9 w9t]1 & its excess ( precipitation1 are also repres5t$ ^u ! cut4 ,! int]v5+ area 0 n )\t c\nt]-trade & precipitation--! latt]1 ( c\rse1 greate/ ov] ! area ( int5sity--b !y 7 comp>atively less1 z ! tables w %[4 ,! foll[+ cut & table %[ ! situation ( ! conc5trat$ c\nt]-trade 9 ,m>*4 ,illu/ration ,,table ,,iv4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,jan4,,febr4 ,,m>4 ,,apr4 ,,may4,,june4,,july4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,=t ,b>rancas1 ,p5sacola ,bay #c4de #e4ee #g4ba #j4ej #c4dg #c4ci #e4dc ,mean4 #c4hg #d4ie #e4hg #b4id #d4je #d4ff #f4hj ,baton ,r\ge1 ,l\isiana #b4he #e4ej #f4ae #c4eh #h4je #d4jj #f4ee ,mean4 #e4bf #d4ia #d4fh #e4bb #e4ah #e4eb #g4db ,=t ,t[son1 ,indian ,t]ritory #a4ja #b4jj #e4aj #b4bb,recr'd /ops "h4 ,mean4 #c4ac #b4ig #d4ch #e4cc ,=t ,gibson1 ,indian ,t]ritory #j4cj #a4dc #g4hc #c4af #g4fg #b4hj #j4ba ,mean4 #a4cc #b4bf #b4ed #d4ai #d4fe #d4cj #b4ge ,=t ,smi?1 ,arkansas #a4cg #b4je #g4je #f4ee #f4be #b4bf #a4jb ,mean4 #a4if #b4ag #b4ib #e4aj #d4df #d4gd #c4hb ,/4 ,l\is ,ars5al #j4fe #b4dj #g4aj #d4cj #d4fe #b4bj #a4gj ,mean4 #a4ic #c4cg #c4hb #d4af #d4hh #f4id #j4jd ,newport ,b>racks1 ,k5tucky #c4bj #e4cj #h4aj #b4aj 7,no ,mean giv547 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,we see f ?is table t its focus _h ext5d$ we/ 9 ,florida ov] ,=t ,b>rancas1 & ov] ,baton ,r\ge 9 ,l\isiana2 ,n4 ,w4 to ,=ts ,t[son & ,gibson 9 ! ,indian ,t]ritory1 & ,smi? 9 ,arkansas2 nor? to ,/4 ,l\is ,ars5al at ,/4 ,l\is1 & to ,newport b>racks 9 ,k5tucky2 b x 0 spread ov] a l>g] surface ea/ ( ! m\nta9s4 ,its greate/ progress = ! mon?1 0 a we/ & nor?-we/ progress4 ,9 ,april1 we f9d x _h progress$ rapidly we/ & nor?-we/1 & its position is %[n by ! foll[+ cut & table4 ,illu/ration ,,table ,v4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,jan4,,febr4 ,,m>4 ,,apr4 ,,may4,,june4,,july4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,=t ,riley1 ,kansas4 #j4jj #j4id #a4hf #d4ee #d4ce #a4aj #j4jj ,=t ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas4 #j4jd #a4gh #a4cc #c4ce #e4ee #d4ej #j4ah ,mean #j4gb #a4ja #a4fa #b4gd #c4fb #e4hj #c4ae ,alleghany ,ars5al1 ,pittsburgh #b4bc #b4cc #b4hb #d4ba #b4bd #b4jf #a4de ,mean #b4ah #b4ag #b4gj #c4aj #c4eh #c4ef #b4ig ,=t ,columbus1 ,new ,york ,h>bor #b4fj #d4jj #j4gj #h4hj #g4gj #b4bj #a4ij ,mean #b4gh #b4ib #c4dd #c4cc #d4gh #c4df #c4ag ,=t ,indep5d5ce1 ,bo/on #b4ej #c4cf #b4ee #e4dj #d4bh #b4jj ,we/ ,po9t4 #c4eb #e4jd #b4haaj4ec #b4jj #a4fb ,mean #c4ej #c4dd #c4ga #d4ee #f4ah #d4gi ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,we see1 too1 t bo? ea/ & we/ ( ! m\nta9s1 its focus ( precipitation 0 "o mon? 9 advance ( ! mean4 ,at all ! /ations :]e ! greate/ fall 0 9 ,m>*1 x %\ld h be5 9 ,april1 & ! fall at ^? po9ts 0 greatly 9 excess ( ! usual quantity4 ,& ! same 0 true ( /ations rea*$ 9 ,april4 ,! conc5trat$ trade1 in/ead ( spread+ out1 & precipitat+ ov] ! :ole s\?-ea/]n portion ( ! cont95t 7its normal condition71 0 ga!r$ into a wave ( great] volume1 result+ 9 great] precipitation1 & 0 rapidly ha/5+ its curve to ! we/ ov] ,texas1 & to ! nor?-we/ ov] ! ,indian ,t]ritory1 & nor?w>d on its usual curve to ! nor? & ea/ ( !m4 ,! obs]vations = ,april disclose ano!r s+ul> & in/ructive condition4 ,! temp]ature1 t _h e :]e be5 above ! mean 9 ,m>*1 fell bel[ x 9 ,april "u ! conc5trat$ trade4 ,& sn[ fell on ?ree days 9 "s localities1 & f\r 9 o!rs4 ,along ! ,ohio ,riv]1 x fell to ! dep? ( #h to #aj in*es on ! #ag?1 & ea/ ( ! m\nta9s to a great] dep? on ! #ah?1 "o day lat]4 ,x fell to ! dep? ( #d in*es at ,m>ietta on ! #bi? also4 ,dr4 ,hilldre?1 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce = ,m>*1 #ahee1 says3-- ,x is a s+ul> fact t ! deepe/ sn[1 #h in*es1 fell on ! #ag? ( ,april1 & at ! head wat]s ab\t ,pittsburg ov] a foot4 ,also1 on ! #bi? ( ! mon?1 at ,m>ietta1 #d in*es1 a v r>e occurr5ce4 ,?is depression ( ! temp]ature 0 q g5]al1 b ! fall ( sn[ 0 local4 ,! latt] 0 nor? ( a l9e drawn f ,=t ,l>amie1 at ! base ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 9 an ,e4 ,s4 ,e4 direction--nor? ( ,=ts ,ke>ney & ,leav5wor?1 & ( ,/4 ,l\is1 b s\? ( ,newport b>racks 9 ,k5tucky1 & f !nce to ! ,atlantic4 ,sn[ fell at e /ation nor? ( ?is l9e1 at no /ation s\? ( x4 ,! depression ( temp]ature1 h[ev]1 0 exp]i5c$ ov] ! cont95t1 ea/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 "u1 & s\? (1 ! belt ( precipitation4 ,n[ :at occasion$ ?is g5]al depression ( temp]ature1 & local fall ( sn[8 ,x w n d to say1 z p]haps "s calorific !ori/ may be incl9$ to say1 because ! conc5trat$ trade _h be5 c>ri$ up :]e x 0 cold1 a mon? too soon2 or t ! sun _h heat$ ! l& 9 advance ( x1 & drawn x up4 ,=1 #a/1 x might be ask$ h[1 if x 0 w>m en\gh to draw x up1 c\ld x be cold en\gh to make x sn[2 or1 #b;d1 h[ happ5$ x to />t1 :51 z we h se51 x 0 w>m] ?an ! mean "u x1 & cold] ?an ! mean to ! nor? & we/ ( x1 :5 x comm5c$ its j\rney8 ,b aga91 x sn[$ at po/s nor? ( ! l9e1 :ile ! !rmomet] rema9$ above ! mean2 & ! !rmomet] fell bel[ ! mean d[n to ,=t ,br[n 9 s\?-we/]n ,texas1 & at ,key ,we/ 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ,florida2 & :at is m rem>kable /ill1 at ,key ,we/1 ,=t ,b>rancas1 & e o!r s\?-ea/]n /ation1 except ,=ts ,brooke & ,m\ltrie1 x n only fell bel[ ! mean ( ! mon?1 b bel[ ! actual temp]ature ( ,m>*4 7,see ,table ,i47 ,at ,=ts ,brooke & ,m\ltrie x did n rise above t temp]ature4 ,we/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s ! depression 0 n felt2 nor at /ations nor?1 or nor?-we/ ( ! belt ( precipitation4 ,x is obvi\s1 ! calorific !ory c furni% no rational explanation ( ?is matt]2 = ! reason t1 :atev] ! cause1 x op]at$ n only "u1 b s\?1 & f> s\? ( ! belt ( precipitation4 ,x c\ld n h be5 spots ^u ! sun1 or o!r g5]al cause1 = !n x w\ld h op]at$ 9 ,new ,mexico & ,cali=nia1 & at ! nor?-we/]n /ations4 ,x op]at$ mo/ int5sely 9 ,florida & ! ,s\?-,ea/]n ,/ates1 :i* approa* mo/ ne>ly ! volcanic areas ( ,s\? ,am]ica & ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,i believe x to h be5 occasion$ by volcanic action affect+ ! local magnetism ( our int5se area2 b x is a mo/ important developm5t1 & %\ld be ?or\ghly inve/igat$4 ,we may f9d 9 x ! key to ! my/]i\s1 b unque/ionable1 influ5ce ( volcanic ^u magnetic action2 & ,i hope ! di/+ui%$ surgeon-g5]al w cause ! records ( t mon? to be publi%$ 9 ext5so4 ,9 ,may & ,june1 ! trade became m conc5trat$1 a p]fectly develop$ belt f ! ,rio ,gr&e to ! ,lakes & ,briti% possessions1 & d\btless to ! ,atlantic1 ) e :]e a c5tral focus ( excessive precipitation1 ga!r+ to itself 9 "o va/ wave ! curr5t t %\ld h be5 spread out ov] ! :ole c\ntry2 & leav+ e :]e on its ea/]n & s\!rn bord]s1 d[n to ! nor!rn edge ( ! int]-tropical belt ( ra9s--7:i* ext5d$ up to l9es drawn f ,baton ,r\ge to ,*>le/on7--a p]fectly well develop$ & def9$ dr\ght4 ,t dr\ght w long be rememb]$4 ,! foll[+ cuts %[1 approximately1 ! location ( ! belt ( precipitation & dr\ght = ^? mon?s1 & ! table :i* foll[s w %[ _! correctness4 ,! tables also %[ t ?is wave 0 occasionally a d\ble1 or divid$ "o--ev9c$ by an int]v5+ p>tial precipitation4 ,tables ,,iv41 ,v41 & ,,vi41 also %[ ! comm5cem5t ( ! dr\ght at ! sev]al /ations1 z ! wave mov$ to ! we/ & nor?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,may4 ,illu/ration ,,table ,,vi4 ,,jan4 ,,febr4 ,,m>4 ,,apr4 ,,may4 ,,june4 ,,july4 ,,aug4 ,,sept4 ,=t ,br[n #j4de #a4ej #a4ae #j4je #d4aj #g4fe #d4be #e4jj #aa4ca ,mean #a4fa #b4be #a4bj #j4ef #b4ba #d4ee #a4ie #b4gf #f4gc ,r+gold ,b>racks #j4gj #a4fi #j4bb #j4jj #b4hc #aj4ih #d4jf #a4eh #c4jb ,mean #a4bd #a4ah #j4gb #a4jh #b4ji #c4dg #c4ah #a4ej #c4bb ,=t ,m]rill #j4aa #a4ii #j4je #a4af #g4ff #d4gj #e4dd #c4ac #e4ja ,mean #j4bc #b4ji #j4ji #a4fb #c4dc #d4aj #f4ac #c4dj #d4fj ,=t ,duncan #j4je #j4fi #a4ej #j4jj #b4ec #f4hc #j4hc #j4ij #d4ha ,mean #j4bf #a4bg #a4cd #j4ga #a4ej #e4fc #c4ce #j4ic #c4bh ,=t ,+e #j4bj #b4ae #c4jj #j4ge #c4hh #b4ji #j4ig #a4fg #d4hj ,mean #j4fd #b4ba #a4gi #a4bf #c4ja #e4ch #c4ff #b4jb #b4ba ,=t ,mc,kavet #j4ja #j4gg #b4aj #j4bh #c4gb #j4ae #b4ia #j4jd #c4hf ,belknap #j4aa #a4aj #a4db #a4ge #d4ig #h4cc #j4jj #j4ge #a4ec ,massa*usetts1 ,nor!rn ,new ,mexico #c4ic #j4bd #b4ad #b4fa #a4ec ,=t ,ke>ney #j4bc #a4cc #a4hg #b4ef #d4ae #e4dj #c4ea #a4ah #d4fj ,mean #j4ej #j4dh #a4ee #b4fh #f4eg #d4cf #e4jg #b4fb #a4hc ,=t ,l>amie #j4ah #j4dj #j4hj #c4ih #d4df #c4fg #c4bf #a4bg #a4fj ,mean #j4bg #j4ga #a4cg #a4ic #e4ci #b4ie #a4hc #j4ib #a4cc ,=t ,ridgley #a4bj #j4ja #a4ah #b4hc #f4hd #b4gj #b4di #b4bh #b4eh ,snell+ #j4gb #j4jc #a4jc #b4ea #d4cj #c4ca #c4ib #a4ge #f4ee ,mean #j4gc #j4eb #a4cj #b4ad #c4ag #c4fc #d4aa #c4ah #c4cb ,=t ,ripley #j4fg #j4jc #j4gi #j4ig #d4cd #c4fh #j4fb #a4fi #d4dj ,mean #j4hf #j4cg #a4hj #a4db #c4ji #e4ae #e4bj #b4bg #d4ib ,=t ,mack9ac #b4ei #a4bc #a4ef #a4jd #b4fe #f4ce #e4fg #d4bf #c4bb ,mean #a4be #j4hb #a4ad #a4ba #b4cb #b4ha #c4bj #b4hg #b4ig ,=t ,brady #b4di #a4ah #a4cd #b4ad #c4fa #a4bc #c4ba #c4hf #c4ah ,mean #a4hd #a4ac #a4cg #a4hc #b4bd #b4hc #c4gc #c4ci #d4cc ,=t ,niag>a #a4fc #b4eb #a4hg #b4be #c4ij #a4ga #d4jh #a4eb #b4fa ,mean #b4be #a4hi #b4ab #b4bj #b4ee #c4bh #c4di #c4jd #c4ie ,b ! belt ( trade cont9u$ its progress to ! we/ & nor?1 & dur+ ! mon?s ( ,july & ,augu/ ! dr\ght ext5d$ 9 bo? directions1 rea*+1 9 ,augu/1 f ,mississippi1 ,alabama1 ,georgia1 & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 to ! ,lakes1 & f ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s to ! ,atlantic4 ,its position is %[n by ! foll[+ cut1 & ! position ( ! belt ( precipitation by ! foll[+ table4 ,illu/ration ,,table ,,vii4 ,situation ( ! focus ( ,precipitation 9 ,july & ,augu/4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,june4 ,,july4 ,,aug4 ,,sept4 ,,oct4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,new ,mexico4 ,=t ,?orne #j4jh #b4bc #f4ja #c4ej #j4jj ,albuqu]que #j4bh #b4ej #a4ai #b4fg #a4cg ,santa ,fe #j4cb #d4aa #c4hf #d4jf #b4ej ,=t ,defiance #a4bd #c4id #e4bd #c4dg #j4fb ,yuma #j4jj #j4ja #b4cg #j4ag #j4cj ,san ,diego #j4jb #j4jg #a4ce #j4ac #j4ja ,=t ,snell+1 ,m9nesota #c4ca #c4ib #a4ge #f4ce #a4bc ,brady #a4bc #c4ba #c4hf #c4ah #c4dj ,mack9ac #f4ce #e4fg #d4bf #c4bb #b4bh ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,i h n space = all ! comm5t :i* ?is exposition is calculat$ to induce4 ,! read] w n only f9d 9 x an explanation ( ! extraord9>y "* ( ! summ] ( #ahed1 b w see f ! means1 t x 0 b an excessive developm5t ( an ,,annual ,,ph5om5on1--,,! ,,progress ,,( ,a ,,conc5trat$ ,,c\nt]-,,trade4 ,x is n necess>y to foll[ ) p>ticul>ity ! return transit4 ,x requir$ no great degree ( sagacity to pr$ict1 at ! "t1 t ! dr\ght w\ld cont9ue 9 ! vic9ity ( ,new ,york till ab\t ! #aj? ( ,septemb]4 ,! return ( ! belt to t latitude1 0 n to be expect$ be=e t "t1 & ! dr\ght cont9u$1 9 fact1 until ! #i? ( ,septemb]4 ,its return progress 0 sl[1 & x 0 e :]e beh9d "t4 ,! autumn 0 w>m1 & s1 inde$1 7 ,decemb] & ,janu>y1 we/ ( ! area ( magnetic int5sity1 al?\gh ^u1 & ea/ ( x1 !re 0 a depression 9 ,decemb]4 ,! retreat+ b l+]+ edge ( c\nt]-trade1 ) its excess ( sn[ = ! season1 caught ! ,iron ,horse1 ) its tra9 & pass5g]s1 ^u ! prairies ( ! we/1 & laid its emb>go+ h&s ^u !m4 ,few1 if any1 c h =gott5 ! ?rill+ acc\nts :i* rea*$ u f t section1 ( ! suff]+s endur$ by ^? :o 7 ?us emb>go$ = days & nights1 f> f ! com=table habitations ( _! fell[ m54 ,b ! return transit1 ?\gh sl[1 0 extreme1 & ,febru>y & ,m>* 7 exce$+ly cold = ! season4 ,! transit to ! nor?1 aga91 did n comm5ce z e>ly z usual1 & ! spr+ 0 backw>d1 & ! summ] cool4 ,bo? 7 )\t irregul>ity1 & ! season 0 productive4 ,! foll[+ table exhibits ! temp]ature on a l9e ( po/s1 runn+ nor? & s\? at ! we/1 dur+ ! w9t] mon?s ( #ahee1 & w illu/rate :at has be5 said4 ,,table ,,viii4 ---------------------------------------- ----------- #ahee4 ,,janu>y ,,febru>y4 ,,m>*4 ,,april4 ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,key ,we/ #fg4ah #fe4id #gj4bh #ge4ji ,mean #ff4eh #fh4hh #gb4hh #ge4ch ,=t ,snell+ #ag4ji #ab4fb #be4cj #di4hf ,mean #ac4gf #ag4eg #ca4da #df4cd ,=t ,ke>ney #bc4ee #be4fi #cb4hf #ed4ci ,mean #ba4ad #bf4aa #cd4ej #dg4ac ,=t ,l>amie #ce4he #bi4ja #cf4da #eb4id ,mean #ca4jc #cb4fj #cf4ha #dg4fj ,=t ,arbuckle #da4id #ci4hf #di4ji #fg4dc ,mean #ci4aj #dc4fi #ec4bb #fa4he ,=t ,belknap #de4ib #dd4di #ec4ji #gj4jj ,mean #db4hj #dg4dg #ef4ij #fe4gi ,=t ,*adb\rne #dh4hi #de4hg #ef4fh #fh4ea ,mean #dd4bi #df4ge #eh4ja #fe4eb ,=t ,mc,kavitt #df4gd #dd4ea #ec4ff #fg4je ,mean #dd4ge #df4hg #eg4ci #ff4be ,=t ,m]rill #ed4ea #ed4fe #fa4hb #gd4ej ,mean #ed4hb #eg4bj #fh4ff #gc4bg ,=t ,br[n #fj4bc #fa4fj #ff4bd #gd4ih ,mean #fj4da #fc4fc #fh4ie #ge4je ,=t ,+e #eb4ba #ej4fc #fa4bb #gd4dh ,mean #di4df #ee4ci #fb4fc #fh4jb ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,! return transit to ! s\? = ?is w9t]1 #ahee-f1 has be5 an extreme "o4 ,x is too e>ly yet 7,feb4 #ah?7 to write its hi/ory1 b ! extreme s\!rn transit is z obvi\s z ! unusual sev]ity ( ! cold4 ,! ra9s :i* usually fall ^u ! ,s\!rn ,/ates are precipitat$ fur!r s\? ^u ! ,we/ ,indies1 & ?reat5 a det]ioration ( _! sug> crop4 ,! sn[1 & cold w9ds1 & ice1 ( ! middle latitudes1 are felt ev5 9 ,florida4 ,our %eet ( c\nt]-trade has be5 exce$+ly ?91 & ! b>omet] has rang$1 9 fair wea!r1 mu* bel[ ! mean4 ,occasional1 & = a "p ( ! "t1 weekly p]iods ( an increase ( its volume1 ) a correspond+ elevation ( ! b>omet]1 & a consequ5t mod]ation ( ! int5se cold1 & a /orm1 h occurr$4 ,b ^? p]iods h be5 few & brief4 ,no regul> ?aw has yet occurr$4 ,f ! #bf? ( ,decemb] to ?is date1 at ,norwalk1 !re h be5 b two p]iods :5 ! w9d has bl[n f ! s\?-we/ ) suffici5t =ce to /ir ! limbs ( ! trees4 ,!re has be5 no w9d f s\? ( t po9t1 or ea/ ( nor?-ea/2 & ev5 our /orm-w9ds1 ) "o exception1 h be5 nor? ( nor?-ea/--ow+ to ! situation ( ! focus ( precipitation f> to ! s\? ( u--& !re is reason to fe> t a cold summ] l ^? ( #ahaf & #ahcf may foll[4 ,if ?is extreme transit is ow+ to defect 9 ! influ5ce ( ! sun1 f spots1 or o!r causes1 su* w probably be ! result4 ,if f volcanic action at ! s\?1 ! influ5ce ( t action may cease1 & a rapid return transit1 & an ord9>y season1 may foll[4 ,believ+ 9 ! laws ( p]iodicity 9 relation to ! wea!r & disease1 ,i plant$ an e>ly k9d ( corn 7! ,dutton71 9 #ahcf1 & _h a crop :5 few ar\nd me succe$$4 ,we mu/ wat* ?is return transit1 ) hope1 inde$1 b n )\t fe>1 & be wise 9 "t4 ,!re is a mass ( o!r evid5ce 9 ^! summ>ies :i* %[s ! tru? ( :at ,i h writt54 ,!re is n a d$uction ( ,mr4 ,blodget :i* x w n expla94 ,! asc5t ( ! summ] l9es ( temp]ature to ! we/ is expla9$ by ! dim9ution ( magnetic int5sity4 ,_! desc5t 9 w9t] by ! location & attractions ( ! conc5trat$ trade4 ,! excess ( precipitation 9 ,alabama & ,mississippi by ! succession ( summ] & w9t] belts4 ,t ( ! int]ior ( ! ,atlantic slope 9 summ]1 by ! %[]s :i* fall ^u ! elevations2 & ( ! coa/1 by ! ea/]ly /orms & _! attraction ( ! surface atmosph]e ( ! ocean1 at o!r seasons4 ,b ,i _c fur!r p>ticul>ize4 ,ev5 ! influ5ce ( ! spots is cle>ly demon/rat$ by ! obs]vations at int]ior /ations1 :i* 7 unaffect$ by contigu\s oceans or elevations4 ,at ,=ts ,wa%ita1 ,gibson1 ,scott1 ,smi?1 & o!rs1 ! ye>s #ahdg & #ahdh 7 bel[ ! mean4 ,all t evid5ce1 & ^? d$uctions1 h[ev]1 ,i mu/ pass by = want ( space1 & take leave ( ! subject4 ,footnotes3 #a ,see ! diagram = summ] at page #ee4 #b ,law ( ,/orms1 p4 #db4 #c ,ke>akakua ,bay 7call$ ,cavrico above71 is on ! ,s4 ,w4 side ( ! isl&1 & ! trade 0 rev]s$ dur+ ! day by ! cl\d cond5sation inl&4 #d ,lieut5ant ,wilkes sp5t tw5ty days ^u ! top ( ?is or an adjo9+ m\nta91 & 8 obs]vations !re w be allud$ to 9 ano!r connection4 #e ,all attempts to produce ?is result by ! sudd5 exhau/ion ( air ab\t ! *ick5s 9 receiv]s1 or %oot+ !m f cannons1 h fail$1 & no pat5t = a *ick5-pick] has be5 appli$ =4 #f ,a met] is #a y>d1 & 4#jicf ( a y>d4 #g ,see 8 map1 accompany+ ! ,geography ( ! ,sea4 #h ,see ,am4 ,j\r4 ( ,sci5ce1 ,new ,s]ies1 ,vol4 #ah4 p4 #ahg4 #i ,_! e/imate 0 #ajj to #abj miles4 #aj ,s9ce ! text 0 9 type1 &1 z might h be5 anticipat$1 we h intellig5ce confirmatory ( ?is1 f ! ,cape ,de ,v]de ,isl&s4 ,! int]-tropical belt ( ra9s has n mov$ z f> nor? z ! nor!rn isl&s--!y h _h no ra9--& ! p are 9 a />v+ condition4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,passages 9 italics are indicat$ by italics4 ,punctuation has be5 correct$ )\t note4 ,! foll[+ mispr9ts h be5 correct$3 appe>nces correct$ to appe>ances 7page #dd7 ,f>oday's correct$ to ,f>aday's 7page #hd7 g5tleman correct$ to g5tlem5 7page #if7 two correct$ to too 7page #aje7 surise correct$ to sunrise 7page #aaa7 acion correct$ to action 7page #afd7 ,/anta correct$ to ,santa 7page #afg7 ,augug/ correct$ to ,augu/ 7page #afg7 baloon's correct$ to balloon's 7page #aib7 mannn] correct$ to mann] 7page #bad7 #aaih correct$ to #agih 7page #bba7 sev5t5? correct$ to sev5te5? 7page #bdj7 man] correct$ to mann] 7page #bed7 p>ticul>y correct$ to p>ticul>ly 7page #bef7 are are correct$ to are 7page #bhh7 iso-!ral correct$ to iso-!rmal 7page #bii7 ! ! correct$ to ! 7page #cfj7 ph5onema correct$ to ph5om5a 7page #djc7 calorifice correct$ to calorific 7page #dji7 ,o!r ?an ! corrections li/$ above1 inconsi/5cies 9 spell+ & hyph5ation h be5 reta9$ f ! orig9al4 ,tables ?r\gh\t ?is text v]sion h be5 adju/$ = readability4