,,great ,,s+]s ,,on ,,! ,,art ( ,,s++ ,,educational ,,conf]5ces ,,) ,,=emo/ ,,arti/s ,,by ,,james ,,francis ,,cooke ,a ,,s]ies ,,( ,,p]sonal ,,/udy ,,talks ,,) ,,! ,,mo/ ,,r5[n$ ,,op]a ,,conc]t ,,& ,,oratorio ,,s+]s ,,( ,,! ,,"t ,,especially ,,plann$ ,,= ,,voice ,,/ud5ts ,illu/ration ,,!o4 ,,press] ,,co4 ,,philadelphia1 ,,pa4 ,,copyright1 #aiba1 ,,by ,,!o4 ,,press] ,,co4 ,,int]national ,,copyright ,,secur$ ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,introduction #e ,,! ,,te*nic ,,( ,,op]atic ,,production #ba ,,:at ,,! ,,am]ican ,,girl ,,%\ld ,,"k ,,ab\t ,,an ,,op]atic ,,c>e] ,frances ,alda #ca ,,mod]n ,,vocal ,,me?ods ,,9 ,,italy ,pasquale ,amato #ch ,,! ,,ma9 ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,int]pretation ,david ,bispham #de ,,success ,,9 ,,conc]t ,,s++ ,dame ,cl>a ,butt #eh ,,! ,,value ,,( ,,self-,,/udy ,,9 ,,voice ,,tra9+ ,giuseppe ,campan>i #fh ,,italy1 ,,! ,,home ,,( ,,song ,enrico ,c>uso #gi ,,mod]n ,,roads ,,to ,,vocal ,,success ,julia ,clauss5 #ij ,,self-,,help ,,9 ,,voice ,,/udy ,*>les ,dalmores #ajj ,,if ,,my ,,daught] ,,%\ld ,,/udy ,,= ,,gr& ,,op]a ,&reas ,dippel #aaj ,,h[ ,a ,,great ,,ma/] ,,coa*$ ,,op]a ,,s+]s ,emma ,eames #aba ,,! ,,op5 ,,door ,,to ,,op]a ,flor5ce ,ea/on #acc ,,:at ,,mu/ ,i ,,g ,,?r\gh ,,to ,,become ,a ,,prima ,,donna8 ,g]ald9e ,f>r> #add ,,! ,,ma/] ,,songs ,,( ,,rob]t ,,s*umann ,johanna ,gadski #aed ,,tea*+ ,,y\rself ,,to ,,s+ ,amelita ,galli-,curci #aff ,,! ,,"k ,,h[ ,,9 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,s++ ,m>y ,g>d5 #agf ,,build+ ,a ,,vocal ,,rep]toire ,alma ,gluck #ahe ,,opportunities ,,= ,,"y ,,conc]t ,,s+]s ,emilio de ,gogorza #aia ,,?or\ghness ,,9 ,,vocal ,,prep>ation ,fri$a ,hempel #bjj ,,common ,,s5se ,,9 ,,tra9+ ,,& ,,pres]v+ ,,! ,,voice ,dame ,nellie ,melba #bjg ,,secrets ,,( ,,bel ,,canto ,b]nice de ,pasquali #bag ,,h[ ,,=tunes ,,are ,,wa/$ ,,9 ,,vocal ,,education ,m>cella ,sembri* #bbg ,,keep+ ,,! ,,voice ,,9 ,,prime ,,condition ,erne/9e ,s*umann-,he9k #bce ,,italian ,,op]a ,,9 ,,am]ica ,antonio ,scotti #bea ,,! ,,s+]',s ,,l>g] ,,musical ,,public ,h5ri ,scott #bfj ,,s++ ,,9 ,,conc]t ,,& ,,:at ,,x ,,means ,emma ,?ursby #bfi ,,new ,,aspects ,,( ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,s++ ,,9 ,,am]ica ,re9ald ,w]r5ra? #bhc ,,h[ ,i ,,rega9$ ,a ,,lo/ ,,voice ,evan ,williams #bib ,,introduction ,,vocal ,,gold ,,m9es ,,& ,,h[ ,,!y ,,are ,,develop$ ,plut>* tells h[ a ,laconian y\? pick$ all ! fea!rs f ! scrawny body ( a night+ale & :5 he saw :at a t9y ?+ 0 left exclaim$1 ,surely ?\ art all voice & no?+ else6 ,among ! t5s ( ?\s&s ( "y m5 & wom5 :o1 hav+ he>d a few fam\s s+]s1 sudd5ly det]m9e to foll[ ! trail ( ! footlights1 !re mu/ be a v great numb] :o ?9k t ! success ( ! s+] is voice & no?+ else4 ,if ?is collection ( conf]5ces s]ves to indicate h[ mu* m goes into ! developm5t ( ! mod]n s+] ?an m]e voice1 ! ef=t w be fruitful4 ,no?+ is m fasc9at+ 9 human relations ?an ! m$ium ( communication we call spee*4 ,:5 ?is is comb9$ ) beautiful music 9 song1 its *>m is supreme4 ,! conf]5ces collect$ 9 ?is book 7 secur$ dur+ a p]iod ( f t5 to fifte5 ye>s2 & 9 e case ! notes h be5 c>efully1 (t5 microscopically1 review$ & approv$ by ! arti/4 ,!y are ! record ( actual accompli%m5t & n m]e metempirical op9ions4 ,! g5]al design 0 direct$ by ! hundr$s ( que/ions t _h be5 pres5t$ to ! writ] 9 8 own exp]i5ce 9 tea*+ ! art ( s++4 ,only ! practical tea*] ( s++ has ! opportunity to discov] ! real ne$s ( ! /ud5t2 & only ! arti/ ( wide exp]i5ce c answ] _m ( ! s]i\s que/ions ask$4 ,! writ]'s fir/ int]e/ 9 ! subject ( voice comm5c$ ) ! recollection ( ! wond]fully human & fasc9at+ vocal organ ( ,h5ry ,w>d ,bee*]1 :om he _h ! joy to "k 9 8 e>ly boyhood4 ,! memory ( su* a voice z t ( ,bee*] is in]adicable4 ,once1 at ! same age1 he 0 tak5 to he> ,bee*]'s rival pulpit orator1 ! ,rev4 ,t4 de ,witt ,talmage1 9 ! ,brooklyn ,tab]nacle4 ,! h>%1 rauc\s1 nasal1 p5etrat+1 rasp+1 irritat+ voice ( t cl]gyman only s]v$ to emphasize ! delight 9 li/5+ to ,bee*]4 ,!n he he>d ! wond]ful orotund organ ( ,col4 ,rob]t ,j4 ,+]soll & ! sonor\s1 mell[ voice ( ,edw9 ,boo?4 ,%ortly he f\nd himself enli/$ z a soprano 9 ! boy *oir ( a l>ge ,episcopal *ur*4 ,:ile !re he became ! soloi/1 s++ _m ( ! lead+ arias f fam\s oratorios be=e he 0 able to id5tify ! musical importance ( su* works4 ,!n came a long tra9+ 9 piano & 9 organ play+1 foll[$ by public appe>ances z a piani/ & engagem5ts z an organi/ & *oirma/] 9 diff]5t *ur*es4 ,?is1 c\pl$ ) song composition1 musical criticism & edit+1 exp]i5ce 9 conduct+1 manag+ conc]ts1 accompany+ not$ s+]s &1 lat]1 9 tea*+ voice = _m ye>s1 =m$ a backgr\nd t is rec\nt$ "h only to let ! read] "k t ! conf]5ces 7 n put d[n by "o unacqua9t$ ) ! actual daily ne$s ( ! /ud5t1 f 8 e>lie/ ef=ts to 8 plat=m triumphs4 ,,:at ,,mu/ ,,! ,,s+] ,,h8 ,:at mu/ ! s+] h8 ,a voice8 ,( c\rse4 ,b h[ good mu/ t voice be8 ,ah1 !re's ! rub6 ,x is ?is v po9t :i* adds s mu* fasc9ation to ! *ances ( becom+ a great s+]2 & x is ?is v po9t ^u :i* s _m1 _m c>e]s h be5 wreck$4 ,! "y s+] le>ns t ,j5ny ,l9d 0 fir/ refus$ by ,g>cia because he consid]$ h] case hopeless2 he le>ns t ,sir ,george ,h5s*el told ,bispham t he _h insuffici5t voice to enc\rage him to take up ! c>e] ( ! s+]2 he le>ns doz5s ( simil> in/ances2 & !n he goes to he> "s fam\s s+] ) sl5d] vocal gifts :o1 by =ce ( trem5d\s dramatic p[]1 eclipses doz5s ) f9] voices4 ,he !reupon resolves t voice mu/ be a second>y matt] 9 ! s+]'s success4 ,!re c\ld n be a great] mi/ake4 ,!re mu/ be a good vocal basis4 ,!re mu/ be a voice capable ( developm5t ?r\gh a suffici5t gamut to encompass ! great works writt5 = su* a voice4 ,x mu/ be capable ( developm5t into suffici5t size & p[] t x may fill l>ge auditoriums4 ,x mu/ be sweet1 true to pit*1 cle>2 &1 above all1 x mu/ h t k9d ( an individual quality :i* seems to draw ! musical int]e/ ( ! av]age p]son to x4 ,,! ,,p]fect ,,voice ,p>adoxically en\gh1 ! public does n seem to want ! p]fect voice1 b r1 ! human voice4 ,a not$ exp]t1 :o = _m ye>s direct$ ! record+ laboratories ( a fam\s s\nd reproduc+ ma*9e company1 a man ^: acqua9tance ) great s+]s ( ! "t is v wide1 once told ! writ] ( a s+] :o made records s p]fect f ! /&po9t ( tone t no musical critic c\ld possibly f9d fault ) !m4 ,yet ^! records did n meet ) a m>ket f ! g5]al public4 ,! reason is t ! public dem&s some?+ f> m ?an a flawless voice & te*nically correct s++4 ,x dem&s ! human quality1 t wond]ful some?+ t %9es ?r\gh ! voice ( e normal1 liv+ be+ z ! s\l %9es ?r\gh ! eyes4 ,x is ?is ?+ :i* gives individuality & id5tity to ! voice & makes ! wide/ appeal to ! greate/ numb] ( p4 ,patti 0 n great because h] dulcet tones 7 l honey to ! e>4 ,m]e sweetness does n attract va/ audi5ces "t & aga94 ,once1 9 a m$iaeval ,g]man city1 ! writ] 0 in=m$ t a night+ale _h be5 he>d 9 ! glacis on ! previ\s night4 ,! foll[+ ev5+ a p>ty ( fri5ds 0 =m$ & w&]$ ?r\gh ! p>k :isp]+ ) delight at e outbur/ f ! silv] ?roat4 ,nev] _h bird music be5 s beautiful4 ,! next night someone sugge/$ t we g aga92 b no "o c\ld be f\nd :o 0 en?usia/ic en\gh to repeat ! exp]i5ce4 ,! v p]fection ( ! night+ale's song1 once he>d1 _h be5 suffici5t4 ,,! ,,lure ,,( ,,individuality ,c]ta9 p]=m]s 9 vaudeville owe _! cont9u$ popul>ity to ! fasc9at+ individuality ( _! voices4 ,alb]t ,*evali]1 once he>d1 c\ld nev] be =gott54 ,8 pa!tic lilt to ,my ,old ,dutu* has made ?\s&s weep4 ,:5 he s+s su* a numb] he has a f> high] arti/ic control ov] 8 audi5ce ?an _m an elaborately tra9$ s+] trill+ away at "s v complicat$ aria4 ,a second-rate op]a s+] once bemoan$ 8 fate to ! writ]4 ,he compla9$ t he 0 oblig$ to s+ = #ajj4jj a week1 not)/&+ 8 ye>s ( /udy & prep>ation1 :ile ,h>ry ,laud]1 ! ,scot* com$ian1 c\ld get #ajjj a night on 8 t\rs4 ,z a matt] ( fact ,mr4 ,laud]1 entirely ap>t f 8 ability z an actor1 _h a f> bett] voice & _h t appeal+ quality t simply comm&e]s 8 auditors ! mom5t he op5s 8 m\?4 ,any me?od or s*eme ( tea*+ ! art ( s++ t does n seek to develop ! inh]5t intellectual & emotional vocal complexion ( ! s+] c nev] approa* a good me?od4 ,vocal p]fection t does n admit ( ! manife/ation ( ! real individual has be5 ! dea? knell ( _m an aspir+ /ud5t4 ,nordica1 ,jean de ,reszke1 ,victor ,maurel1 ,plancon1 ,sims ,reeves1 ,s*umann-,he9k1 ,g>d51 ,dr4 ,wuelln]1 ,evan ,williams1 ,galli-,curci1 & especially our greate/ ( ,am]ican s+]s1 ,david ,bispham1 all h manife/$ a vocal individuality z un=getable to ! e> z _! c\nt5ances are to ! eye4 ,if ! read] happ5s to be a "y s+] & c grasp ! significance ( ! previ\s p>agraph1 he may h some?+ m valuable to him ?an _m lessons4 ,! _w is n seek+ m]ely ! p]fect voice b a great musical individuality manife/$ ?r\gh a voice develop$ to express t individuality 9 ! mo/ natural & at ! same "t ! mo/ compreh5sive mann] possible4 ,!re=e1 "y man & "y woman1 does x n seem ( ! greate/ importance to y to develop1 fir/ ( all1 ! m9d & ! s\l1 s t :5 ! great h\r comes1 y\r audi5ce w he> ?r\gh ! notes t p\r f y\r ?roat some?+ ( y\r intellectual & emotional "*8 ,!y w n "k h[1 nor w !y ask :y !y he> x1--b its manife/ation w ei!r be !re or x w n be !re4 ,^u ?is w dep5d mu* ( y\r future success4 ,x c n be conceal$ f ! disc]n+ critics 9 ^: h&s y\r progress re/s4 ,! high intellectual tra9+ receiv$ 9 college by ,ffrangcon ,davies1 ,david ,bispham1 ,plunkett ,gre5e1 ,h]b]t ,)]spoon1 ,re9ald ,w]r5ra? & o!rs1 is j z app>5t to ! intellig5t li/5]1 9 _! s++ at recitals1 z x w\ld be 9 _! conv]sation4 ,o!rs h receiv$ an equival5t intellectual tra9+ 9 o!r ways4 ,! "y s+]1 :o ?9ks t 9 ! future he c get by )\t su* a tra9+1 is book$ = disappo9tm5t4 ,get a college education if y c2 &1 if y c n1 fight to get its equival5t4 ,no useful exp]i5ce 9 ! s+]'s c>e] is a wa/$ "o4 ,! e>ly in/rum5tal tra9+ ( ,melba1 ,sembri*1 ,campan>i1 ,hempel1 ,dalmores1 ,g>d51 & ,galli-,curci1 %[s out 9 _! f9i%$ s++1 9 wond]ful mann]4 ,e s+] %\ld be able to play ! piano well4 ,x has a spl5did effect 9 ! musical discipl9e ( ! m9d4 ,9 ,european cons]vatories1 9 _m in/ances1 ! /udy ( ! piano is compulsory4 ,,y\r ,,philosophy ,,( ,,s++ ,! /ud5t ( s++ %\ld be an invet]ate read] ( wor?:ile comm5ts ^u 8 art4 ,9 ?is way1 if he has a discrim9at+ m9d1 he w be able to =m a philosophy ( s++ ( 8 own4 ,ri*>d ,wagn] prefac$ 8 music dramas ) l5g?y essays giv+ 8 reasons = pursu+ a c]ta9 c\rse4 ,:atev] _! value may be to ! musical public at ?is "t1 x c\ld n h be5 less ?an t to ! great ma/] :5 he 0 fight+ to /raight5 out = 8 own satisfaction 9 8 own m9d j :at he %\ld d & h[ he %\ld d x4 ,!re=e1 read int]m9ably2 b believe no?+ t y read until y h weigh$ x c>efully 9 y\r own m9d & det]m9$ its usefulness 9 its application to y\r own p>ticul> case4 ,! /ud5t w f9d ! foll[+ books ( real value 9 8 que/ = vocal tru?3 ,! ,philosophy ( ,s++1 ,cl>a ,ka?le5 ,rog]s2 ,! ,vocal ,in/ructor1 ,e4 ,j4 ,my]2 ,! ,psy*ology ( ,s++1 ,david ,c4 ,taylor2 ,h[ to ,s+1 ,lilli ,lehmann2 ,rem9isc5ces ( a ,quak] ,s+]1 ,david ,bispham2 ,! ,art ( ! ,s+]1 ,w4 ,j4 ,h5d]son4 ,! /ud5t %\ld also read ! biographies ( fam\s s+]s & keep 9 t\* ) ! progress ( ! art1 ?r\gh read+ ! be/ magaz9es4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,s++ ,! hi/ory ( s++ p>allels ! hi/ory ( civilization4 ,egypt1 ,israel1 ,greece & ,rome made _! contributions2 b h[ !y sang & :at !y sang we c n def9itely "k because ( ! de/ruction ( ! bridge betwe5 anci5t & mod]n notation1 & because n until ,?omas ,edison inv5t$ ! phonograph 9 #ahgg1 0 !re any tangible means ( record+ ! voices ( ! s+]s4 ,! wisdom ( ,socrates1 ,plato & ,caes> is !re=e ( trifl+ significance 9 help+ u to f9d out m ?an h[ highly ! art 0 reg>d$4 ,! absurd antics ( ,n]o1 9 8 ambition to di/+ui% himself z a s+]1 indicat$ 9 "s m or less indef9ite way ! importance giv5 to s++ 9 ! heyday ( ,rome4 ,! incessant ref]5ces to s++1 9 ,greek lit]ature1 tell u t s++ 0 look$ ^u n m]ely z an accompli%m5t b z "o ( ! necess>y arts4 ,co9cid5t ) ! com+ ( ,italian op]a1 ab\t #afjj1 we f9d a great revival ( ! art ( s++2 & _m ( ! old ,italian ma/]s h bequea!d u "s fairly in/ructive comm5ts ^u ! art ( bel canto4 ,t ^! old ,italian tea*]s 7 l>gely individuali/s & taught empirically1 ) no set me?ods o!r ?an t :i* _! own e>s det]m9$1 seems to be accept$ q g5]ally by inve/igators at ?is date4 ,! ,oss]vazione sopra il ,canto figurato ( ,pietro ,francesco ,tosi 7procurable 9 ,engli%71 publi%$ 9 #agbc1 & ! ,reflessioni prati*i sul ,canto figurato1 publi%$ 9 #aggf1 are valuable docum5ts = ! s]i\s /ud5t1 p>ticul>ly because ^! m5 seem$ to recognize t ! s-call$ regi/]s %\ld be equaliz$4 ,) !m develop$ an ev]-exp&+ j>gon ( voice directions :i* p]si/ to ?is day among vocal tea*]s4 ,su* directions z s+ ?r\gh ! mask 7mean+ ! face72 s+ ) ! ?roat op52 s+ z ?\gh y 7 j ab\t to smile2 s+ z ?\gh y 7 j ab\t to exp]i5ce ! s5sation ( swall[+ 7come b]e72 support ! tone2 etc41 etc41 are (t5 m confus+ ?an helpful4 ,manual ,g>cia 7#ahje-aijf71 :o inv5t$ ! l>yngoscope 9 #ahee1 made an e>ne/ ef=t to br+ sci5tific obs]vation to ! aid ( ! vocal tea*]1 by provid+ a t9y mirror on ! end ( a rod1 enabl+ ! tea*] to see ! vocal cords dur+ ! process ( phonation4 ,h[ mu* ?is actually help$ ! s++ tea*] is /ill a moot po9t2 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t ,g>cia _h _m extremely successful pupils1 includ+ ! immortal ,j5ny ,l9d4 ,! writ] aga9 advises ! s]i\s /ud5t ( s++ to sp5d a great deal ( "t 9 =m+ 8 own conception ( ! pr9ciples by :i* he c get ! mo/ f 8 voice4 ,any progressive arti/ tea*] w enc\rage him 9 ?is c\rse4 ,9 o!r words1 x is n en\gh 9 ^! days t he %all s+2 b he mu/ "k h[ he produces 8 results & be able to produce !m "t & "t aga9 ) con/antly increas+ success4 ,note 9 ! succe$+ conf]5ces h[ _m ( ! great s+]s h giv5 v c>eful & m9ute consid]ation to ?is4 ,! late ,evan ,williams sp5t ye>s ( ?\ght & /udy ^u x2 & ! writ] consid]s t 8 obs]vations 9 ?is volume are among ! mo/ important contributions to ! lit]ature ( voice tea*+4 ,?is 0 ! only =m 9 :i* !y appe>$ 9 pr9t4 ,only "o /ud5t 9 a hundr$ ?\s& c disp5se ) a good vocal tea*]1 z did ! brilliant ,galli-,curci or ! un=getable ,campan>i4 ,a really f9e tea*] ( voice is practically indisp5sable to mo/ /ud5ts4 ,?is does n mean t ! be/ tea*] is ! "o ) ! greate/ reputation4 ,! reputation ( a tea*] only too (t5 has dep5d$ ^u 8 good =tune e>ly 9 life 9 secur+ pupils :o h made spectacul> successes 9 a %ort "t4 ,!re are hundr$s ( spl5did vocal tea*]s 9 ,am]ica n[1 & x is v gratify+ to see _m ( _! pupils make great successes 9 ,europe )\t any previ\s in/ruction on ! o!r side4 ,surely no?+ c be m helpful to ! ambiti\s vocal /ud5t ?an ! direct advice1 p]sonal sugge/ions & h9ts ( ! greate/ s+]s ( ! "t4 ,x is ) ?is ?\ght t ! writ] takes especial pride 9 be+ ! m$ium ( ! pres5tation ( ! foll[+ conf]5ces4 ,x is sugge/$ t a c>eful /udy ( ! be/ s\nd-reproduc+-ma*9e records ( ! great s+]s includ$ w add mu* to ! int]e/ ( ! /udy ( ?is "w4 ,! enorm\s incomes receiv$ f "s vocal gold m9es1 su* z ,c>uso1 ,john ,mc,cormack1 ,patti1 ,galli-,curci1 & o!rs1 h made ! lure ( ! s+]'s c>e] s great t _m "y vocali/s are incl9$ to =get t all ( ! great s+]s ( ! day h atta9$ _! triumphs only aft] ye>s ( h>d "w4 ,galli-,curci's ov]:elm+ly successful ,am]ican debut foll[$ ye>s ( real labor1 :5 %e 0 glad to accept small engagem5ts 9 ord] to advance 9 h] art4 ,john ,mc,cormack's fir/ ,am]ican appe>ances 7 at a side %[ at ! ,/4 ,l\is ,_w's ,fair4 ,sacrifice is (t5 ! se$ k]nel ( l>ge success4 ,too few "y s+]s are will+ to plant t k]nel4 ,!y expect success to come at ! end ( a few c\rses ( /udy & a few hundr$ doll>s sp5t 9 adv]tis+4 ,! public1 p>ticul>ly ! ,am]ican public1 is a w>y "o4 ,x may be possible to adv]tise wor?less gold m9+ /ock 9 su* a way t ?\s&s may be sw9dl$ be=e ! crook beh9d ! s*eme is jail$4 ,b x is impossible to sell our public a s-call$ gold5-voic$ s+] ^: voice is really no?+ m ?an t9-foil & v ?9 t9-foil at t4 ,e ye> c]ta9 k9ds ( slipp]y manag]s accept huge fees f w\ld-be s+]s1 :i* are suppos$ to be inve/$ 9 a my/]i\s =mula :i*1 l ! philosoph]'s /one1 w turn a bas] metal into pure gold4 ,no campaign ( adv]tis+ sp5t ^u a m$iocrity or an inadequately prep>$ arti/ c ev] result 9 any?+ b a disa/r\s wa/e4 ,don't sp5d a p5ny 9 adv]tis+ until y h really some?+ to sell :i* ! public w want4 ,x takes ye>s to make a f9e s+] kn[n2 b x takes only "o conc]t to expose an inadequate s+]4 ,e "o ( ! arti/s repres5t$ 9 ?is book has be5 ?r\gh ! mill & e "o has triumph$ glori\sly 9 ! end4 ,!re is "o road4 ,!y h def9$ x 9 rem>kable fa%ion 9 ^! conf]5ces4 ,! sign-po/s read1 ,"w1 ,sacrifice1 ,joy1 ,triumph4 ,) ! multiplicity ( me?ods & s*emes = practice x is n surpris+ t ! ma9 ess5tials ( ! subject are sometimes obscur$4 ,t su* discussions z ^? includ$ 9 ?is book w enable ! ?9k+ /ud5t to cry/allize 9 8 own m9d some?+ :i* to him w become a me?od long aft] he has left 8 /ud5t days1 c n be que/ion$4 ,"o ( ! significant ?+s :i* he w h to le>n is p]fect intonation1 keep+ on ! "r pit* all ! "t2 & ano!r ?+ is fre$om f re/riction1 be/ express$ by ! ^w poise4 ,william ,%akespe>e1 greate/ ( ,engli% s++ tea*]s ( 8 day1 once express$ ^! important po9ts 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,! ,f\ndations ( ! ,art ( ,s++ are two 9 numb]3 ,fir/3 7,a7 ,h[ to take brea? & 7,b7 h[ to press x out sl[ly4 7,! act ( sl[ exhalation is se5 9 our endeavor to w>m "s object ) ! brea?47 ,second3 ,h[ to s+ to ?is controll$ brea? pressure4 ,x may be int]e/+ at ?is po9t to obs]ve h[ ! old s+]s practic$ :5 seek+ a full tone :ile us+ little brea?4 ,!y wat*$ ! effect ( _! brea? by s++ aga9/ a mirror or aga9/ ! flame ( a tap]4 ,if a note requir$ too mu* pressure ! comm& ov] ! brea? 0 lo/--! mirror 0 unduly t>ni%$ or ! flame unduly puff$4 ',ah' 0 _! patt]n v[el1 be+ ! mo/ difficult on acc\nt ( ! op5ness ( ! ?roat--! v[el :i*1 by lett+ m brea? out1 dem&$ ! greate/ control4 ,! p]fect poise ( ! in/rum5t on ! controll$ brea? 0 f\nd to br+ ab\t ?ree important results to ! s+]3 ,fir/ result--,un]r+ tun+4 ,z we d n exp]i5ce any s5sation ( consci\sly us+ ! muscles 9 ! ?roat1 we c only judge ( ! result by li/5+4 ,:5 ! note s\nds to ! "r brea? control x spr+s unconsci\sly & in/antane\sly to ! tune we int5d$4 ,! fre$om ( ! in/rum5t n be+ int]f]$ )1 x foll[s ?r\gh our wi%+ x--l any o!r act naturally p]=m$4 ,?is un]r+ tun+ is ! fir/ result ( a "r f\ndation4 ,second result--,! ?roat spaces are felt to be unconsci\s & arrange !mselves indep5d5tly 9 ! diff]5t positions prompt$ by ! w & necess>y to pron\nciation1 ! factors be+ fre$om ( tongue & s(t palate1 & fre$om ( lips4 ,?ird result--,! complete fre$om ( ! face & eyes :i* adapt !mselves to ^? *anges necess>y to ! expression ( ! emotions4 ,! arti/ c increase ! int5sity ( 8 tone )\t necess>ily increas+ its volume1 & c ?us produce ! s(te/ effect4 ,by 8 skill he c emit ! s(t note & cause x to travel z f> z a l\d note1 ?us ar\s+ emotions z ( di/ance1 z ( memories ( ! pa/4 ,he produces equally well ! m p[]ful gradations )\t ov]/epp+ ! b\nd>y ( noble & expressive s++4 ,on ! o!r h&1 an indiff]5t p]=m] w\ld sc>cely v5ture on a s(t effect1 ! abs5ce ( brea? support w\ld cause him to become inaudible & %\ld he attempt to cresc5do su* a note ! result w\ld be ?roaty & unsatisfactory4 ,ano!r mo/ important subject is diction1 & ! writ] c ?9k ( no?+ bett] ?an to quote f ,mme4 ,lilli ,lehmann1 ! greate/ ,wagn]ian soprano ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,let u n[ consid] "s ( ! reasons :y "s ,am]ican s+]s h fail$ to succe$4 ,h[ d ,am]ican wom5 beg9 _! /udies8 ,_m comm5ce _! lessons 9 ,decemb] or ,janu>y4 ,!y take two or ?ree half-h\r lessons a week1 ev5 att5d+ ^! irregul>ly1 & end+ _! ye>'s in/ruction 9 ,m>* or1 at ! late/1 9 ,april4 ,surely music /udy "u su* circum/ances is little less ?an f>cical4 ,! voice1 above all ?+s1 ne$s c>eful & con/ant att5tion4 ,moreov]1 _m are lack+ lam5tably 9 ! "r prep>ations4 ,"s are evid5tly s b5ight$ z to believe t prep>ation is unnecess>y4 ,or d !y believe t ! s++ tea*] mu/ also provide a musical & g5]al education8 ,is !re "o among !m1 = in/ance1 :o c enunciate h] own language faultlessly2 t is1 z ! /age dem&s8 ,_m fail to realize t !y %\ld1 fir/ ( all1 be taught elocution 7diction7 by tea*]s :o c %[ !m h[ to pron\nce v[els purely & beautifully1 & consonants correctly & di/9ctly1 s z to give words _! prop] s\nds4 ,h[ c anyone expect to s+ 9 a =eign language :5 he has no idea ( 8 own language--no idea h[ ?is wond]ful memb]1 ! tongue1 %\ld be us$--to say no?+ ( ! t]rible faults 9 speak+8 ,i endorse ! /udy ( elocution z a prep>atory /udy = all s++4 ,no "o c realize h[ mu* simpl] & h[ mu* m effici5t x w\ld make ! "w ( ! s++ tea*]4 ,f9ally1 ! writ] feels t !re is mu* to be inf]r$ f ! popul> criticism ( ! man 9 ! /reet--,!re is no music 9 t voice4 ,mr4 ,hoipolloi kn[s j :at he means :5 he says t4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! av]age voice has v little music 9 x4 ,by music ! man means t ! pit* ( ! tones t he he>s %all be s unmi/akable & s accurate1 t ! quality %all be s pure & ! ?\ght ( ! s+] s s9c]e & s wor?-:ile1 t ! auditor feels ! wond]ful human emotion t comes only f li/5+ to a beautiful human voice4 ,put real music 9 e tone & y\r success w n be f> di/ant4 ,,james ,,francis ,,cooke4 ,bala1 ,pa4 ,,! ,,te*nic ,,( ,,op]atic ,,production ,,:at ,,! ,,/ud5t ,,:o ,,aspires ,,to ,,g ,,into ,,op]a ,,%\ld ,,"k ,,ab\t ,,! ,,me*anical ,,side ,,( ,,giv+ ,,an ,,op]atic ,,p]=mance ,ev5 aft] "o has ma/]$ ! art ( s++ !re is /ill mu* t ! arti/ mu/ le>n ab\t ! actual work+ ( ! op]a h\se itself4 ,?is ( c\rse is be/ done by actual exp]i5ce2 b ! writ] has f\nd t mu* c be ga9$ by insight into "s ( ! conditions t exi/ 9 ! mod]n op]a h\se4 ,9 ! *ildhood ( hundr$s ( p n[ liv+ op]a 0 giv5 ) sc5]y & co/umes t w\ld be ridicul$ 9 vaudeville if se5 to-day4 ,pianos1 lamps1 *airs & ev5 bird cages 7 (t5 pa9t$ "r on ! sc5]y4 ,"o set ( co/umes & prop]ties 0 made to d = ! bett] "p ( ! rep]toire 9 su* a way t ev5 ! mo/ flexible imag9ation 0 /ret*$ to ! break+ po9t sev]al times dur+ ! p]=mance4 ,n[1 mo/ ( ?is has *ang$ & ! mod]n op]a h\se /age is (t5 a me*anical & electrical m>vel4 ,x is mo/ human to want to peep beh9d ! sc5es & see some?+ ( ! ma*9]y :i* causes ! wond]ful spectacle ( ! /age4 ,we rememb] h[1 z *ildr51 we long$ to op5 ! clock & see ! :eels g r\nd4 ,beh9d ! asbe/os curta9 !re is a _w ( ropes1 lights1 electrical & me*anical ma*9]y1 pa9ts & canvas1 :i* is always a t]ritory fill$ ) int]e/ to ^? :o sit 9 ! seats 9 front4 ,mu* ( ! success ( ! op]a 9 ,new ,york1 dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ! pres5t c5tury1 0 due to ! great effici5cy ( ! ,director1 ,giulio ,gatti-,casazza4 ,gatti-,casazza 0 a graduate ( ! ,royal ,italian ,naval ,academy at ,leghorn1 & _h be5 int5d$ = a c>e] z a naval eng9e] be=e he und]took ! managem5t ( ! op]a at ,f]r>a4 ,?is he did because 8 fa!r 0 on ! bo>d ( directors ( ! ,f]r>a op]a h\se1 & ! in/itution _h n be5 a great success4 ,8 director%ip 0 s well execut$ t he 0 appo9t$ head director ( ! op]a at ,la ,scala 9 ,milan & a/oni%$ ! musical _w ) 8 wond]ful ,italian productions ( ,wagn]'s op]as "u ! conductor%ip ( ,toscan9i4 ,9 ,new ,york _m re=ms 7 in/itut$1 & lat] took ! ,new ,york company to ,p>is1 giv+ p]=mances :i* made ,europe realize t op]a 9 ,new ,york is z f9e z t 9 any music c5t] 9 ! _w1 & 9 "s p>ticul>s f9]4 ,! ,new ,york op]a is m cosmopolitan ?an t ( any o!r c\ntry4 ,its company includ$ arti/s f practically e ,european c\ntry1 b =tunately includes m ,am]ican s+]s & musicians to-day ?an at any "t 9 our op]atic hi/ory4 ,we are indebt$ to ! /aff ( ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se1 exp]ts :o1 ) ! k9d p]mission ( ! director1 furni%$ ! writ] ) ! foll[+ int]e/+ in=mation3 ,illu/ration3 ,,pr(ile ,,( ,,! ,,p>is ,,gr& ,,op]a4 7,,note ,,t ,,! ,,/age ,,section ,,is ,,l>g] ,,?an ,,! ,,auditorium4 ,,also ,,note ,,! ,,imm5se ,,space ,,giv5 ,,to ,,! ,,gr& ,,entrance ,,/airway47 ,a ,,_w ,,( ,,detail ,few p h any idea ( h[ _m p]sons & h[ _m dep>tm5ts are connect$ ) ! op]a & its pres5tation4 ,consid]+ !m 9 ord]1 !y might be class$ z foll[s3 ,! ,g5]al ,manag] & 8 assi/ants4 ,! ,musical ,director & 8 assi/ants4 ,! ,/age ,director & 8 assi/ants4 ,! ,te*nical ,director & 8 assi/ants4 ,! ,bus9ess ,director & 8 assi/ants4 ,! ,w>drobe ,director & 8 assi/ants4 ,! ,ma/] ( ,prop]ties & 8 assi/ants4 ,! ,head ,eng9e] & 8 assi/ants4 ,! ,acc\ntant & 8 assi/ants4 ,! ,adv]tis+ ,manag] & 8 assi/ants4 ,! ,press ,repres5tatives & 8 assi/ants4 ,! ,sup]9t5d5t & 8 assi/ants4 ,! ,head ,u%] & 8 assi/ants4 ,! ,electrician & 8 assi/ants4 ,few ( ^! important & necess>y factors 9 ! production ev] appe> be=e ! public4 ,l ! m9]s :o supply u ) ! weal? ( ! e>?1 !y "w1 z x 71 und]gr\nd4 ,no "o is m directly conc]n$ ) mak+ ! production ?an ! ,te*nical ,director4 ,9 t we are =tunate 9 hav+ ! views ( ,mr4 ,edw>d ,si$le1 ,te*nical ,director ( ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,company1 ( ,new ,york4 ,! complete picture t ! public sees is made "u ! sup]vision ( ,mr4 ,si$le1 & dur+ ! actual production he is responsible = all ( ! te*nical details4 ,8 exp]i5ce has ext5d$ ov] a great _m ye>s 9 diff]5t c\ntries4 ,he writes3 ,,! ,,te*nic ,,( ,,! ,,production ,i und]/& y wi% me to give y "s idea ( ! te*nicalities involv$ 9 produc+ ! /age pictures :i* g to =m an op]a4 ,let u suppose x is an op]a by an ,am]ican compos]4 ,my fir/ proc$ure w\ld be to place myself 9 t\* ) ! au?or & compos]4 ,aft] hav+ "o or two talks ) !m ,i secure a libretto4 ,:5 a mutual und]/&+ is agre$ ^u betwe5 u z to ! "* ( ! sc5es requir$ & ! positions ( p>ticul> ?+s 9 relation to ! bus9ess :i* has to take place dur+ ! p]=mance1 ,i make my plans accord+ly1 & look up all ! data available be>+ ^u ! subject4 ,x is n[ "t to call 9 ! sc5ic arti/1 giv+ him my views & ideas1 s t he c />t ^u ! design+ & pa9t+ ( ! sc5]y4 ,8 fir/ design w\ld be 9 ! =m ( a r\gh sket* & a m cle>ly work$-out gr\nd plan4 ,aft] fur!r discussion & alt]ations we %\ld def9itely agree ^u a s*eme1 & he w\ld proce$ to make a scale model4 ,:5 ?is model is f9i%$ x is a p]fect m9iature sc5e ( ! op]a z x w appe> on ! night ! op]a is produc$4 ,! au?or & compos] are !n call$ 9 to meet ! impres>io & myself = a f9al consultation4 ,we n[ f9ally criticize our plans1 mak+ any alt]ations :i* may seem necess>y to u4 ,:5 ^! alt]ations are complet$ ! plans are h&$ ov] to ! c>p5t]1 :o imm$iately />ts mak+ 8 frames & cov]+ !m ) canvas1 work+ f ! scale model4 ,! sc5ic arti/ is n[ able to comm5ce 8 "w 9 e>ne/4 ,! prop]ties are our next consid]ation4 ,sket*es & patt]ns are made1 au?orities are consult$1 & ev]y?+ possible is done to aid ! ,prop]ty ,ma/] 9 do+ 8 "p ( ! "w4 ,unless ! op]a 9 "q calls = special me*anical effects1 or special /age ma*9]y1 ! sc5e is adapt$ to ! /age z x is4 ,if any?+ exceptional has to be a*iev$1 h[ev]1 special ma*9]y is con/ruct$4 ,! design+ ( ! co/umes is gone ov] 9 mu* ! same way z ! con/ruction ( ! sc5]y4 ,! p]iod 9 :i* ! op]a is laid1 ! v>i\s *>act]s & _! /ation 9 life1 are all well talk$ ov] by ! compos]1 au?or & myself4 ,! co/ume design] is !n call$ 91 & aft] li/5+ to :at e "o has to say & read+ ! libretto1 he submits 8 designs4 ,^!1 :5 f9i%$1 are criticiz$ by ! impres>io1 ! compos]1 ! au?or & myself1 & any sugge/ion :i* w improve !m is accept$ by ! design]1 & alt]ations are made until ev]y?+ is satisfactory4 ,! designs are !n s5t to ! co/ume mak]4 ,! important matt] ( light+ & electrical effects is n dealt ) until aft] ! sc5]y has be5 complet$1 pa9t$ & set up on ! /age1 except 9 ! case :5 exceptional effects are dem&$4 ,! matt] is !n c>efully discuss$ & arrang$ s t ! app>atus w be ready by ! "t ! e>li] rehe>sals are tak+ place4 ,! /aff requir$ by a ,te*nical ,director 9 su* an in/itution z ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se is necess>ily a l>ge "o4 ,he ne$s an able sc5ic arti/ ) 8 assi/ants & an effici5t c>p5t] ) 8 assi/ants to complete ! sc5ic arrangem5ts z indicat$ 9 ! models4 ,! complet$ sc5]y is deliv]$ ov] to ! /age c>p5t] :o has a l>ge body ( assi/ants1 & is held responsible = ! runn+ ( ! op]a dur+ rehe>sals & p]=mances4 ,! /age c>p5t] has also "u 8 control a body ( c>p5t]s :o "w all night1 comm5c+ _! duties aft] ! op]a is ov]1 remov+ all ! sc5]y us$ 9 ! op]a j f9i%$ f ! op]a h\se & br++ f ! v>i\s /oreh\ses ! sc5]y requir$ = ! next p]=mance or rehe>sal4 ,! electrician is an important memb] ( my /aff1 & he1 ( c\rse1 has a numb] ( assi/ants4 ,! ,prop]ty ,ma/] & 8 assi/ants & ! ,w>drobe ,mi/ress & h] assi/ants also are extremely important4 ,!n ! active eng9e] :o is responsible = ! heat+ & v5tilat+1 & also = _m ( ! /age effects1 is ano!r necess>y & important memb]4 ,9 all1 ! ,op]a ,h\se1 :5 9 full sw+1 requires = ! te*nical or /age detail "w alone ab\t #ahe p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h[ ,,an ,,op]atic ,,/age ,,looks ,,f ,,beh9d4 ,?us f> we h n consid]$ ! musical side ( ! production4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 "u ! managem5t ( ! ,g5]al ,director & ! lead+ ,musical ,director4 ,v little "t at be/ is at ! disposal ( ! musical director4 ,a director l ,toscan9i w\ld1 9 a fir/-class op]a h\se1 ) a full & compet5t company1 require ab\t fifte5 days to complete ! rehe>sals1 & o!r prep>ations = su* a production z ,aida1 %\ld su* a "w be br\ght out z a novelty4 ,a good conductor ne$s at lea/ f\r or*e/ra rehe>sals4 ,pelleas et ,melis&e w\ld require m ext5sive rehe>s+1 z ! music is ( a new ord] & is1 9 a s5se1 a new =m ( art4 ,,important ,,rehe>sals ,:ile ! head musical director is engag$ ) ! pr9cipals & ! or*e/ra1 ! ,*orus-ma/] sp5ds 8 "t tra9+ ! *orus4 ,if 8 "w is n effici5tly done1 ! entire production is greatly imp$$4 ,! assi/ant conductors und]take ! "w ( rehe>s+ ! soloi/s prior to _! appe>ance 9 connection ) ! or*e/ra4 ,!y mu/ "k ! ,head ,director's ideas p]fectly1 & see t ! soloi/s d n introduce int]pretations :i* are too mu* at v>iance ) 8 ideas & ! accept$ traditions4 ,9 all ab\t t5 rehe>sals are giv5 to a "w 9 a room set aside = t purpose1 !n !re are five /age rehe>sals1 & f9ally f\r full ensemble rehe>sals ) or*e/ra4 ,9 putt+ on an old "w1 su* z ^? 9 ! /&>d rep]toire1 no rehe>sals are dem&$4 ,! musical =ces ( ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se1 = in/ance1 make a company ( at lea/ two lead+ conductors1 twelve assi/ant conductors1 ab\t n9ety soloi/s1 a *orus numb]+ at lea/ "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five s+]s1 ?irty musicians = /age music1 ab\t tw5ty /age att5dants & an or*e/ra ( f eighty to "o hundr$ p]=m]s1 to say no?+ ( ! co/ume1 sc5ic & bus9ess /aff1 mak+ a little indu/ry all 9 itself4 ,! ,g5]al ,director1 ! ,/age ,manag]1 & (t5 ! ,musical ,director make innum]able sugge/ions to ! s+]s reg>d+ ! prop] hi/rionic pres5tation ( _! roles4 ,z a rule s+]s give too little att5tion to ! dramatic side ( _! "w & dem& too mu* ( ! /age manag]4 ,9 rec5t ye>s !re has be5 a great improvem5t 9 ?is4 ,prior to ! "t ( ,gluck1 ,web] & ,wagn]1 act+ 9 op]a 0 a matt] ( ridicule4 ,,! ,,ballet ,ab\t sev5ty or "o hundr$ p]sons make up ! ballet ( a mod]n gr& op]a4 ,at lea/ t5 ye>s ( cont9u\s /udy are requir$ to make a f9i%$ ballet danc] 9 ! hi/rionic s5se4 ,_m receive v l>ge fees = _! s]vices4 ,! art ( /age danc+ also has und]gone _m great re=ms 9 rec5t ye>s2 & ! ballets ( to-day are !re=e mu* m popul> ?an !y 7 9 ! latt] "p ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,! mo/ popul> ballets ( to-day are ! ,coppelia & ,sylvia ( ,delibes4 ,! ballets f ! op]as ( ,la ,gioconda1 ,samson et ,delila1 ,armide1 ,mephi/ophele1 ,aida1 ,orfeo1 ,l',africa9e1 & ,! ,damnation ( ,fau/ also are v popul>4 ,at a mod]n op]a h\se l ! ,metropolitan 9 ,new ,york ,city ! numb] ( employees w be betwe5 six hundr$ & sev5 hundr$1 & ! co/ ( a season w be ab\t "o million doll>s4 ,,frances ,,alda 7,,mme4 ,,giulio ,,gatti-,,casazza7 ,,biographical ,mme4 ,frances ,alda 0 born at ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,new ,zeal&1 ,may #ca/1 #ahhc4 ,%e 0 educat$ at ,melb\rne & /udi$ s++ ) ,ma?ilde ,m>*esi 9 ,p>is4 ,h] debut 0 made 9 ,mass5et's ,manon1 at ! ,op]a ,comique 9 ,p>is 9 #aijd4 ,aft] highly successful engagem5ts 9 ,p>is1 ,brussels1 ,p>ma & ,milan 7:]e %e creat$ ! title role 9 ! ,italian v]sion ( ,l\ise71 %e made h] ,am]ican debut at ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se 9 ,new ,york z ,gilda 9 ,v]di's ,rigoletto4 ,s9ce h] initial success 9 ,new ,york %e has be5 connect$ ) ! ,metropolitan /age e season4 ,9 #aiaj %e m>ri$ ,giulio ,gatti-,casazza1 manag] ( ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se1 & is probably bett] able to speak ^u ! subject h]e) discuss$ ?an any "o 9 ,am]ica4 ,%e has also appe>$ ) great success 9 ,london1 ,w>saw1 ,bu5os ,aires & o!r cities1 9 op]a & 9 conc]t4 ,_m ( ! mo/ important lead+ roles 9 mod]n op]a h be5 creat$ by h] 9 ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mme4 ,,frances ,,alda4 7,c7 ,und]wood ,und]wood4 ,,:at ,,! ,,am]ican ,,girl ,,%\ld ,,"k ,,ab\t ,,an ,,op]atic ,,c>e] ,,mme4 ,,frances ,,alda 7,,mme4 ,,gatti-,,casazza7 ,,regul>ity ,,& ,,success ,to ! girl :o aspires to h an op]atic c>e]1 :o has ! requisite vocal gifts1 physical heal?1 /age pres5ce &--mo/ important ( all--a high degree ( intellig5ce1 ! great ess5tial is regul> daily "w4 ,?is implies regul> lessons1 regul> practice1 regul> ex]cise1 regul> sleep1 regul> meals--9 fact1 a life ( regul>ity4 ,! daily lesson 9 mo/ cases seems an imp]ative necessity4 ,lessons /rung ov] a s]ies ( ye>s m]ely because x seems m economical to take "o lesson a week in/ead ( sev5 r>ely produce ! expect$ results4 ,m>*esi1 ) h] fam\s wisdom on vocal matt]s1 advis$ tw5ty m9utes a day & !n n m ?an t5 m9utes at a "t4 ,= n9e mon?s ,i /udi$ ) ! great ,p>isian mae/ra & 9 my t5? mon? ,i made my debut4 ,( c\rse1 ,i _h sung a great deal be=e t "t & also c\ld play bo? ! piano & ! viol94 ,a ?or\gh musical k is always valuable4 ,! e>ly ye>s ( ! girl :o is de/9$ = an op]atic c>e] may be mu* m safely sp5t ) ,cz]ny ex]cises = ! piano or ,kreutz] /udies = ! viol9 ?an ) ,concone ,solfeggios = ! voice4 ,mo/ girls ov]-ex]cise _! voices dur+ ! ye>s :5 !y are too delicate4 ,x always pays to wait & sp5d ! "t 9 develop+ ! purely musical side ( /udy4 ,,mod]ation ,,& ,,good ,,s5se ,m voices collapse f ov]-practice & m c>e]s collapse f "u-"w ?an f any?+ else4 ,! girl :o hopes to become a prima donna w dream ( h] "w morn+1 noon & night4 ,no?+ c take x out ( h] m9d4 ,%e w seek to /udy e imag9able ?+ t c\ld 9 any way contribute to h] equipm5t4 ,!re is s mu* to le>n t %e mu/ "w h>d to le>n all4 ,ev5 n[ ,i /udy pretty regul>ly two h\rs a day1 b ,i r>ely s+ m ?an a few m9utes4 ,i hum ov] my new roles ) my accompani/1 ,frank ,la ,=ge1 & /udy !m 9 t way4 ,x 0 to su* me?ods z ?is t ,m>*esi attribut$ ! wond]ful longevity ( ! voices ( h] be/-kn[n pupils4 ,:5 !y foll[$ ! advice ( ! de> old mae/ra _! voices la/$ a long1 long "t4 ,h] vocal ex]cises 7 little m ?an scales sung v sl[ly1 s+le1 su/a9$ tones repeat$ "t & aga9 until h] critical e> 0 entirely satisfi$1 & !n arpeggios4 ,aft] t came m complicat$ te*nical drills to prep>e ! pupil = ! fioriture "w dem&$ 9 ! m florid op]as4 ,at ! base ( all1 h[ev]1 7 ! simple/ k9d ( ex]cises4 ,?r\gh h] discrim9at+ s5se ( tone quality1 h] great p]si/5ce & h] b\ndless en?usiasm1 %e us$ ^! simple vocal mat]ials ) a wiz>dry t produc$ great prime donne4 ,,! ,,preci\s ,,head ,,voice ,m>*esi laid great /ress ^u ! use ( ! head voice4 ,?is %e illu/rat$ to all h] pupils h]self1 at ! same "t n hesitat+ to insi/ t x 0 impossible = a male tea*] to tea* ! head voice prop]ly4 7,m>*esi h]self c>ri$ out h] !ories by refus+ to tea* any male applicants47 ,%e nev] let any pupil s+ above ,f on ! top l9e ( ! treble /aff 9 any?+ b ! head voice4 ,!y r>ely ev] t\*$ _! highe/ notes ) full voice4 ,! upp] "p ( ! voice 0 cons]v$ ) inf9ite c>e to avoid e>ly breakd[ns4 ,ev5 :5 ! pupils sang ! top notes !y did x ) ! feel+ t !re 0 /ill some?+ 9 res]ve4 ,9 my op]atic "w at pres5t ,i feel ?is to be ( greate/ importance4 ,! s+] :o exhau/s h]self ^u ! top notes is nei!r arti/ic nor effective4 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,girl',s ,,*ances ,,9 ,,op]a ,! ,am]ican girl :o fancies t %e has less *ances 9 op]a ?an h] si/]s ( ! ,european c\ntries is silly4 ,look at ! li/s ( arti/s at ! ,metropolitan1 = in/ance4 ,! li/ includes twice z _m arti/s ( ,am]ican nationality z ( any o!r nation4 ,?is is 9 no s5se ! result ( p&]+ to ! patriotism ( ! ,am]ican public4 ,x is simply a matt] ( supply & dem&4 ,new ,york]s dem& ! be/ op]a 9 ! _w & expect ! be/ voices 9 ! _w4 ,! managem5t w\ld accept f9e arti/s ) f9e voices f ,*9a or ,africa or ! ,nor? ,pole if !y 7 =?com+4 ,a diamond is a diamond no matt] :]e x comes f4 ,! managem5t virtually ransacks ! musical m>ts ( ,europe e ye> = f9e voices4 ,inevitably ! li/ ( ,am]ican arti/s rema9s high]4 ,on ! :ole1 ! ,am]ican girls h bett] natural voices1 m ambition & are will+ to /udy s]i\sly1 pati5tly & en]getically4 ,?is is due 9 a measure to bett] physical conditions 9 ,am]ica & 9 ,au/ralia1 ano!r free c\ntry t has produc$ unusual s+]s4 ,:at is ! result8 ,am]ica is n[ produc+ ! be/ & enjoy+ ! be/4 ,!re is m f9e music ( all k9ds n[ 9 ,new ,york dur+ "o week ?an "o c get 9 ,p>is 9 a mon? & m ?an "o c get 9 ,milan 9 six mon?s4 ,?is has made ,new ,york a great op]atic & musical c5t]4 ,x is a wond]ful opportunity = ,am]icans :o desire to ent] op]a4 ,,! ,,ne$ ,,= ,,sup]ior ,,intellig5ce ,!re 0 a "t 9 ! halcyon days ( ! old coloratura s+]s :5 ! op]a s+] 0 n expect$ to h v mu* m intellig5ce ?an a p>rot4 ,any s+] :o c\ld w>ble away at runs & trills 0 a great arti/4 ,! situation has *ang$ entirely to-day4 ,! mod]n op]a-go] dem&s great act+ z well z great s++4 ,! op]a h\se calls = bra9s z well z voices4 ,!re %\ld prop]ly be great & s9c]e rivalry among f9e s+]s4 ,! s+] mu/ li/5 to o!r s+]s ) m9ute c>e & pati5ce1 & !n try to le>n h[ to improve h]self by self-/udy & intellig5t comp>ison4 ,j z ! great actor /udies ev]y?+ t p]ta9s to 8 role1 s ! great s+] kn[s ! hi/ory ( ! epo* ( ! op]a 9 :i* he is to appe>1 he kn[s ! cu/oms1 he may "k some?+ ( ! lit]ature ( ! "t4 ,9 o!r words1 he mu/ live & ?9k 9 ano!r atmosph]e be=e he c walk ^u ! /age & make ! audi5ce feel t he is really a "p ( ! picture4 ,sir ,h]b]t ,be]bohm ,tree gave a pres5tation t 0 conv9c+ & beautiful1 :ile ! m$iocre actor1 n will+ to give z mu* bra9 "w to 8 p]=mance1 falls f> %ort ( an arti/ic p]=mance4 ,a mod]n p]=mance ( any ( ! great works z !y are pres5t$ at ! ,metropolitan is rehe>s$ ) great c>e & att5tion to hi/orical detail4 ,in/ances ( ?is are ! p]=mances ( ,l',amore di ,tre ,re1 ,c>m51 ,boheme1 & ,loh5gr91 z well z su* great works z ,die ,mei/]s+]1 & ,tri/an und ,isolde4 ,,physical ,,/r5g? ,,& ,,s++ ,few s+]s seem to realize t an op]atic c>e] w be det]m9$ 9 its success v l>gely ?r\gh physical /r5g?1 all o!r factors be+ pres5t 9 ! desir$ degree4 ,t is1 ! s+] mu/ be /rong physically 9 ord] to succe$ 9 op]a4 ,?is applies to wom5 z well z to m54 ,no "o kn[s :at ! physical /ra9 is1 h[ h>d ! "w & /udy are4 ,9 front ( y is a sea ( highly intellig5t1 cultur$ p1 :o = ye>s h be5 tra9$ 9 ! be/ traditions ( ! op]a4 ,!y pay ! highe/ prices paid any:]e = ent]ta9m5t4 ,!y are entitl$ to ! be/4 ,to face su* an audi5ce & ma9ta9 ! high traditions ( ! h\se ?r\gh ?ree h\rs ( a complicat$ mod]n score is a musical1 dramatic & intellectual feat t dem&s1 fir/ ( all1 a sup]b physical condition4 ,e day ( my life 9 ,new ,york ,i g = a walk1 mo/ly ar\nd ! res]voir 9 ,c5tral ,p>k1 because x is high & ! air is pure & free4 ,z a result ,i seldom h a cold1 ev5 9 mid-w9t]4 ,i h n miss$ a p]=mance 9 eight ye>s1 & ?is1 ( c\rse1 is due to ! fact t my heal? is my fir/ daily consid]ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pasquale ,,amato4 7,c7 ,mi%k94 ,,pasquale ,,amato ,,biographical ,pasquale ,amato1 = s _m ye>s ! lead+ b>itone at ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se 9 ,new ,york1 0 born at ,naples ,m>* #ba/1 #ahgh4 ,he 0 int5d$ = ! c>e] ( an eng9e] & 0 educat$ at ! ,in/ituto ,tecnico ,dom5ico4 ,he !n /udi$ at ! ,cons]vatory ( ,naples f #ahif to #ahii4 ,8 tea*]s !re 7 ,cucialla & ,c>elli4 ,he made 8 debut z ,g]mont 9 ,la ,traviata 9 ! ,teatro ,bell9i at ,naples 9 #aijj4 ,!reaft] 8 successes h be5 exceptionally great 9 ! music c5t]s ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 ,italy1 ,russia1 ,engl&1 ,egypt1 & ,g]many4 ,he has creat$ num]\s roles at ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se1 among !m ,jack ,rance 9 ! ,girl ( ! ,gold5 ,we/2 ,golaud 9 ,pelleas & ,melis&e 7,milan72 ,l',amore di ,tre ,re2 ,cyrano 7,damros*72 ,lodoletta 7,mascagni72 ,madame ,sans ,g5e4 ,he has visit$ ,s\? ,am]ica z an arti/ no less ?an t5 times4 ,8 voice is susceptible ( f9e dramatic feel+4 ,,mod]n ,,vocal ,,me?ods ,,9 ,,italy ,,pasquale ,,amato ,:5 ,i 0 ab\t sixte5 ye>s ( age my voice 0 suffici5tly settl$ to enc\rage my fri5ds & family to believe t ,i might become a s+]4 ,?is is a pr\d discov]y = an ,italian boy1 z s++--especially op]atic s++--is held 9 su* high reg>d 9 ,italy t "o naturally looks =w>d ) joy to a c>e] 9 ! great op]a h\ses ( "o's native c\ntry & possibly to ^? ov] ! sea4 ,at eighte5 ,i 0 accord+ly ent]$ 9 ! cons]vatory1 b n )\t _m conditions1 :i* %\ld be ( especial int]e/ to "y ,am]ican vocal /ud5ts4 ,! tea*]s did n imm$iately accept me z good vocal mat]ial4 ,i 0 recogniz$ to h musical incl9ations & musical gifts & ,i 0 plac$ "u obs]vation s t x might be det]m9$ :e!r ! /ate-support$ cons]vatory %\ld direct my musical education along vocal l9es or along o!r l9es4 ,?is is "o ( ! c>d9al diff]5ces betwe5 musical education 9 ,am]ica & musical education 9 ,italy4 ,9 ,am]ica a pupil sudd5ly det]m9es t he is de/9$ to become a great op]a s+] & =?) he hires a tea*] to make him "o4 ,he might h be5 de/9$ to become a plumb]1 or a lawy]1 or a com$ian1 b t has little to d ) ! matt] if he has money & c employ a tea*]4 ,9 ,italy su* a direction ( tal5ts w\ld be consid]$ a wa/e to ! individual & to ! /ate4 ,( c\rse ! sy/em has its v decid$ faults1 = a corps ( tea*]s ) poor or bias$ judgm5t c\ld d a great deal ( damage by disc\rag+ real tal5t1 z 01 inde$1 ! case ) ! great ,v]di1 :o at ! age ( eighte5 0 refus$ admission to ! ,milan ,cons]vatory by ! director1 ,basili1 on ! score ( lack ( tal5t4 ,h[ev]1 = ! mo/ "p ! judges are exp]i5c$ & skilful m51 & :5 a pupil has be5 "u surveillance = "s "t ! liability ( an error 9 judgm5t is v slight4 ,accord+ly1 aft] ,i _h sp5t "s "t 9 gett+ acqua9t$ ) music ?r\gh ! /udy ( ,notation1 ,sight-s++1 ,!ory1 ,h>mony1 ,piano1 etc41 ,i 0 in=m$ at ! end ( two ye>s t ,i _h be5 select$ = an op]atic c>e]4 ,i c rememb] ! "t ) great joy4 ,x meant a new life to me1 = ,i 0 c]ta9 t ) ! help ( su* cons]vative ma/]s ,i %\ld succe$4 ,on ! :ole1 at ?is "t1 ,i consid] ! ,italian sy/em a v wise "o = x does n fool away any "t ) incompet5ce4 ,i h met s _m "y musicians :o h %[n indications ( great /udy b :o seem de/itute ( tal5t4 ,x seems l coax+ insignificant %rubs to become great oak trees4 ,no am\nt ( coax+ or /udy w give !m real tal5t if !y d n h x1 s :y wa/e ! money ( ! /ate & ! money ( ! individual ^u x4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :]ev] 9 ! _w !re is real tal5t1 ! /ate %\ld provide money to develop x1 j z x provides money to educate ! "y4 ,,italian ,,vocal ,,tea*+ ,s mu* has be5 said ab\t ! ,old ,italian ,vocal ,me?od t ! v "n br+s ridicule 9 "s qu>t]s4 ,no?+ has be5 ! subject = s mu* *>latanry4 ,x is some?+ t any tea*]1 good or bad1 c claim 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,e ,italian is ( c\rse v pr\d inde$ ( ! wond]ful vocal traditions ( ,italy1 ! c5turies ( idealism 9 se>* ( bett] & bett] tone production4 ,!re are ( c\rse c]ta9 /atem5ts made by great voice tea*]s ( o!r days t h be5 put d[n & may be read 9 almo/ any libr>y 9 l>ge ,am]ican cities4 ,b t ^! ?+s make a vocal me?od t w suit all cases is too absurd to consid]4 ,! good s5se ( ! old ,italian ma/] w\ld hold su* a plan up to ridicule4 ,s++ is fir/ ( all an art1 & an art c n be circumscrib$ by any set ( rules or pr9ciples4 ,! arti/ mu/1 fir/ ( all1 "k a v great deal ab\t all possible phases ( ! te*nic ( 8 art & mu/ !n adju/ himself to ! p>ticul> problem be=e him4 ,!re=e we might say t ! ,italian me?od 0 a me?od & !n aga9 t x 0 no me?od4 ,z a matt] ( fact x is ?\s&s ( me?ods--"o = ea* case or vocal problem4 ,= in/ance1 if ,i 7 to s+ by ! same means t ,mr4 ,c>uso employs x w\ld n at all be ! be/ ?+ = my voice1 yet = ,mr4 ,c>uso x is )\t "q ! v be/ me?od1 or 8 vocal quality w\ld n be 9 su* sup]b condition aft] con/ant ye>s ( use4 ,he is ! pro( ( 8 own me?od4 ,i %\ld say t ! ,italian vocal tea*] tea*es1 fir/ ( all1 ) 8 e>s4 ,he li/5s ) ! greate/ possible int5sity to e %ade ( tone-color until 8 ideal tone reveals itself4 ,?is (t5 requires mon?s & mon?s ( pati5ce4 ,! tea*] mu/ recognize ! vocal defici5cies & "w to correct !m4 ,= in/ance1 ,i nev] _h to "w ) my high tones4 ,!y are to-day produc$ 9 ! same way 9 :i* ,i produc$ !m :5 ,i 0 a boy4 ,=tunately ,i _h tea*]s :o recogniz$ ?is & let x g at t4 ,possibly ! wor/ k9d ( a vocal tea*] is ! "o :o has "s set plan or device or !ory :i* mu/ be foll[$ willy-nilly 9 ord] t ! tea*]'s !ories may be v9dicat$4 ,) su* a tea*] no voice is safe4 ,! v be/ natural voices h to foll[ "s pat5t plan j because ! tea*] has be5 taught 9 "o way1 is inexp]i5c$1 & has n good s5se en\gh to let nature's p]fect "w alone4 ,bo? ( my tea*]s knew t my high tones 7 all "r & ! practice 0 direct$ t[>d ! l[] tones4 ,!y work$ me = ov] t5 mon?s on scales & su/a9$ tones until ! break t came at ,e flat above ! ,bass ,clef 0 weld$ f ! l[] tones to ! upp] tones s t ,i c\ld s+ up or d[n ) no ugly break audible4 ,i 0 drill$ at fir/ ^u ! v[el ah4 ,i he> ,am]ican vocal au?orities ref] to ah z 9 fa!r4 ,t seems to me too flat a s\nd1 "o lack+ 9 real resonance4 ,! v[el us$ 9 my case 9 ,italy & 9 hundr$s ( o!r cases ,i h not$ is a slightly broad] v[el1 su* z may be f\nd half-way betwe5 ! v[el ah z 9 fa!r1 & ! aw z 9 law4 ,x is n a dull s\nd1 yet x is n ! s\nd ( ah 9 fa!r4 ,p]haps ! ^w d(f or ! fir/ syllable ( ,bo/on1 :5 prop]ly pron\nc$1 gives ! "r impression4 ,i d n "k en\gh ( ,am]ican vocal tra9+ to give an intellig5t criticism1 b ,i wond] if ,am]ican vocal tea*]s give z mu* att5tion to special p>ts ( ! tra9+ z tea*]s 9 ,italy d4 ,i hope !y d1 z ,i consid] x v necess>y4 ,consid] ! matt] ( /accato4 ,a good vocal /accato is really a v difficult ?+--difficult :5 x is "r2 t is1 :5 on ! pit*--e "t1 cle>1 di/9ct1 & at ! same "t n h>d & /iff4 ,x took me weeks to acquire ! "r way ( s++ su* a passage z ,un di1 qu&o le v5]i1 f ,traviata1 b ^? 7 v pr(itable weeks-- ,illu/ration3 musical notation ,un di1 quan-d le ve-ne-ri il tem-po a-vra fu-ga-te ,accurate attack 9 su* a passage is by no means easy4 ,anyone c s+ x--b h[ x is sung makes ! real diff]5ce4 ,! public has v odd ideas ab\t s++4 ,= in/ance1 x w\ld be amaz$ to le>n t ,trovatore is a mu* m difficult role = me to s+ & s+ "r ?an ei!r ,p>sifal or ,pelleas & ,melis&e4 ,?is l>gely because ( ! pure vocal dem&s & ! fl[+ /yle4 ,! ,debussy op]a1 wond]ful z x is1 does n beg9 to make ! vocal dem&s t su* a "w z ,trovatore does4 ,:5 ! s+] once acquires pr(ici5cy1 ! acquisition ( new roles comes v easy inde$4 ,! ma9 difficulty is ! daily ne$ = drill+ ! voice until x has ! same quality e day4 ,x c be done only by incessant att5tion4 ,"h are "s ( ! ex]cises ,i d e day ) my accompani/3 ,illu/ration3 musical notation ,fir/ "t =te second "t piano4 ,,david ,,bispham ,,biographical ,david ,bispham1 9 _m ways ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ( all ,am]ican s+]s1 0 born 9 ,philadelphia ,janu>y #e?1 #aheg4 ,educat$ at ,hav]=d ,college1 ,pa4 ,at fir/ a highly successful amateur 9 ,philadelphia *oirs & !atricals1 he w5t to ,milan 9 #ahhf1 /udy+ ) ,vannucc9i1 ,lamp]ti & lat] 9 ,london ) ,%akespe>e & ,r&egg]4 ,8 op]atic debut 0 made 9 ,messag]'s ,baso*e at ! ,royal ,engli% ,op]a ,h\se1 #ahia4 ,9 #ahib he appe>$ z ,kurv5al & met ) great favor4 ,8 ,wagn]ian roles h be5 especially di/9ctive s9ce ! />t4 ,f #ahif to #aiji he sang alt]nately at ! ,metropolitan 9 ,new ,york & at ,cov5t ,g>d5 9 ,london1 & 0 admitt$ly "o ( ! =emo/ attractions ( ^? great companies 9 ! gold5 era ( our op]atic pa/4 ,he 0 also imm5sely 9 dem& z a recital & z an oratorio s+] & z a dramatic read]4 ,few s+]s h %[n ! v]satility & ma/]y ( ,david ,bispham & few h be5 s ju/ly entitl$ to ! academic honors ,,ll4,d41 ,b4,a41 & ,mus4 ,doc41 :i* he _h e>n$4 ,he 0 ! au?or ( num]\s articles on s++--! v successful autobiography1 ,a ,quak] ,s+]'s ,rem9isc5ces1 & ! collections1 ,david ,bispham's ,recital ,album1 ,! ,david ,bispham ,song ,book 7= s*ools74 ,he 0 also ev] a /rong *ampion ( ! use ( ! ,engli% language 9 s++4 ,he di$ 9 ,new ,york ,city ,oct4 #b;d1 #aiba4 ,illu/ration3 ,,david ,,bispham4 ,,! ,,ma9 ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,int]pretation ,,david ,,bispham ,s _m ?+s ent] into ! great problem ( int]pretation 9 s++ t x is some:at difficult to /ate def9itely j :at ! "y s+] %\ld consid] ! mo/ important4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! foll[+ factors are ( prime significance3 #a4 ,natural ,aptitude4 #b4 ,g5]al ,education & ,culture4 #c4 ,good ,musical ,tra9+4 #d4 ,accurate ,vocal ,tra9+4 #e4 ,famili>ity ) ,traditions4 #f4 ,fre$om ( ,m9d4 #g4 ,good ,heal?4 #h4 ,life ,exp]i5ce4 #i4 ,p]sonal ,magnetism--"o ( ! mo/ ess5tial1--& #aj4 ,idealism4 #a4 ,natural ,aptitude4--,y w notice t =emo/ consid]ation is giv5 to ^? broad g5]al qualities )\t :i* all ! te*nical & musical tra9+ ( ! _w is practically wor?less4 ,! success ( ! art work] 9 all l9es dep5ds fir/ ^u ! nature ( ! man or woman4 ,te*nical tra9+ ( ! highe/ & be/ k9d is ess5tial1 b t :i* moves great audi5ces is n alone ! me*anics ( an art1 b r ! broad education1 exp]i5ce1 ideals1 culture1 ! human sympa?y & magnetism ( ! arti/4 #b4 ,! ,value ( ,education & ,culture4--,i _c emphasize too /rongly ! value ( a good g5]al education & wide culture = ! s+]4 ,! day has pass$ :5 a pretty face or a well-r\nd$ ankle c\ld be mi/ak5 = art on ! op]atic /age4 ,! public n[ dem&s some?+ m ?an ! h]oic look+ "y fell[ :o comes d[n to ! footlights ) ! assurance ( y\? & (f]s1 = real vocal art1 a voice fre% b crudely tra9$1 & a bungl+ int]pretation4 ,good education has (t5 be5 responsible = ! ph5om5al success ( ,am]ican s+]s 9 ,european op]a h\ses4 ,be=e ! la/ w>1 9 ne>ly all ( ! great op]atic c5t]s ( ! ,cont95t1 "o f\nd ,am]icans rank+ ) ! greate/ arti/s 9 ,europe4 ,?is 0 a mo/ propiti\s condition1 = x meant t ,am]ican audi5ces h be5 compell$ to give ! long-delay$ recognition to our own s+]s1 & me?ods ( g5]al & vocal education4 ,9 mo/ cases ! "y p ( ,am]ica :o aspire to op]atic triumphs come f a some:at bett] class ?an s+]s d 9 ,europe4 ,!y h _h1 9 mo/ cases1 bett] educational1 cultural & home advantages ?an ! av]age ,european /ud5t4 ,_! m9ds are tra9$ to /udy intellig5tly2 !y are acqua9t$ ) ! hi/ory ( ! great nations ( ! _w2 _! ta/es are cultivat$1 & !y are fill$ ) ! ,am]ican en]gy :i* is "o ( ! m>vels ( ! c5turies4 ,m ?an ?is1 !y h _h a k9d ( moral uplift 9 _! homes :i* is ( imm5se value to !m4 ,!y h high] ideals 9 life1 !y are m bus9esslike & !y keep _! purposes v cle>ly 9 view4 ,?is has creat$ jeal\sy 9 "s ,european c5t]s2 b x is simply a case ( ! survival ( ! fitte/1 & ,europe 0 compell$ to b[ 9 recognition ( ?is4 ,vocal art 9 our own l& is no long] to be ignor$1 = our /&>ds are z high z ! highe/ 9 ! _w1 & we are educat+ a race ( s+]s ( :i* any c\ntry might be pr\d4 #c4 ,good ,musical ,tra9+4--,a ?or\gh musical tra9+--t is1 a tra9+ ^u "s musical in/rum5t su* z ! piano--is extremely desirable1 b n absolutely ess5tial2 = ! in/rum5t call$ ! ,human ,voice c be play$ on z effectively z a viol94 ,! s+] :o is conv9c$ ( 8 ability1 b :o has n _h su* advantages 9 e>ly y\?1 %\ld n be disc\rag$4 ,he c acquire a ?or\gh k ( ! ess5tials lat] on1 b he w h to "w v mu* h>d] to get 8 k--z ,i 0 oblig$ to d4 ,arti/ic ability is by no means a c]ta9 quality4 ,! fam\s art critic1 ,vass>i1 has call$ our att5tion to ! fact t "o pa9t] :o produc$ wond]ful pictures _h an exhau/ive te*nical tra9+1 ano!r aris+ at 8 side :o also a*iev$ wond]ful results _h to secure !m by means ( mu* bungl+ self-/udy4 ,x is v h>d to repress arti/ic ability4 ,z ! ,bible says3 ,_m wat]s _c qu5* love4 ,s x is ) music2 if ! ability is !re1 x w come to ! front ?r\gh fire & wat]4 #d4 ,accurate & ,rational ,vocal ,tra9+4--,i h add$ ! ^w rational = x seems a necess>y t]m at a "t :5 s mu* vocal tea*+ is app>5tly 9 ! h&s ( faddi/s4 ,!re is only "o way to s+1 t is ! "r way1 ! way t is f\nd$ ^u natural conditions4 ,s mu* has be5 said 9 pr9t ab\t brea?+1 & plac+ ! voice1 & resonance1 t any?+ new might seem r$undant at ?is "t4 ,! :ole ?+ 9 a nut%ell is simply to make an ef=t to get ! brea? "u su* excell5t control t x w obey ! w s easily & flu5tly t ! s+] is almo/ unconsci\s ( any means he may employ to ?is end4 ,?is c come only ?r\gh long practice & c>eful obs]vation4 ,:5 ! brea? is once "u prop] control ! supply mu/ be s adju/$ t nei!r too mu* nor too little w be appli$ to ! l>ynx at "o "t4 ,h[ to d ?is c be discov]$ only by mu* practice & self-criticism4 ,:5 ! tone has be5 creat$ x mu/ be re9=c$ & color$ by pass+ ?r\gh ! m\? & nose1 & ! latt] is a v pres5t help 9 "t ( vocal tr\ble4 ,?is leads to a good tone on at lea/ tw5ty-six /eps & half-/eps ( ! scale & ) tw5ty or m v[el s\nds--no easy task by any means4 ,all ?is takes "t1 b !re is no reason :y x %\ld take an int]m9able am\nt ( "t4 ,if good results are n =?com+ 9 f n9e mon?s to a ye>1 some?+ is wrong ) ei!r ! pupil or ! tea*]4 ,! matt] ( secur+ vocal flexibility %\ld n be po/pon$ too long1 b may 9 _m in/ances be tak5 up 9 conjunction ) ! /udies 9 tone production1 aft] ! fir/ pr9ciples h be5 le>n$4 ,!reaft] "o ent]s ^u ! endless & indescribably int]e/+ field ( secur+ a rep]toire4 ,only a tea*] ) wide exp]i5ce & intimacy ) ! be/ 9 ! vocal lit]ature ( ! _w c correctly grade & select pieces suitable to ! ev]-*ang+ ne$s ( ! pupil4 ,no matt] h[ wond]ful ! flexibility ( ! voice1 no matt] h[ p[]ful ! tones1 no matt] h[ ext5sive ! rep]toire1 ! s+] w f9d all ?is wor?less unless he possesses a voice t is susceptible to ! expression ( e %ade ( m5tal & emotional mean+ :i* 8 intellig5ce1 exp]i5ce & g5]al culture h reveal$ to him 9 ! "w he is int]pret+4 ,at all times 8 voice mu/ be "u control4 ,consid]$ f ! me*anical /&po9t1 ! voice resembles ! viol91 ! brea?1 z x passes ov] ! vocal cords1 correspond+ to ! b[ & ! resonance *amb]s correspond+ to ! resonance *amb]s 9 ! viol94 #e4 ,famili>ity ,) ,vocal ,traditions4--,we come to ! matt] ( ! /udy ( ! traditional me?ods ( int]pret+ vocal ma/]pieces4 ,we mu/1 ( c\rse1 /udy ^! traditions1 b we mu/ n be slaves to !m4 ,9 o!r words1 we mu/ "k ! pa/ 9 ord] to int]pret ma/]pieces prop]ly 9 ! pres5t4 ,we mu/ n1 h[ev]1 sacrifice t great quality--individuality--= slav]y to conv5tion4 ,if ! =m] ,italian me?od ( r5d]+ c]ta9 arias 0 m>r$ by ! tremolo ( "s fam\s s+]s1 !re is no good arti/ic reason :y any "o %\ld reta9 any?+ s hide\s z a tremolo solely because x is traditional4 ,!re is a capital /ory ( a "y ,am]ican s+] :o w5t to a ,european op]a h\se ) all ! *>act]i/ic individuality & inquisitiv5ess ( 8 p4 ,9 "o op]a ! /age director told him to g to ! back ( ! /age be=e s++ 8 pr9cipal numb] & !n walk /raight d[n to ! footlights & deliv] ! aria4 ,:y mu/ ,i g to ! back fir/8 ask$ ! "y s+]4 ,! director 0 amaz$ & blu/]$3 ,:y8 ,:y1 because ! great ,rub9i did x t way--he creat$ ! "p2 x is ! tradition4 ,b ! "y s+] 0 n satisfi$1 & f9ally f\nd an old *orus man :o _h sung ) ,rub9i1 & ask$ him :e!r ! tradition 0 f\nd$ ^u a cu/om ( ! celebrat$ s+]4 ,yes1 repli$ ! *orus man1 da gretta ,rub9i he gr&a man4 ,he g waya back2 !n he comea front2 !n he s+4 ,ah1 gr&issimo6 ,b1 p]si/$ ! "y ,am]ican1 ,:y did he g to ! back be=e he sang8 ,oh6 exclaim$ ! excit$ ,italian2 ,:y he g back8 ,he g to spit6 ,f>cical z ?is incid5t may seem1 _m musical traditions are f\nd$ ^u cu/oms ) q z little musical or e/hetic importance4 ,_m traditions are to-day q z useless z ! buttons on ! sleeves ( our coats1 al?\gh ^! v buttons 7 at "o "t employ$ by our =efa!rs to fa/5 back ! long cuffs4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 c]ta9 traditional me?ods ( r5d]+ great ma/]pieces1 & p>ticul>ly ^? m>k$ by ! florid ornam5tation ( ! days ( ,h&el1 ,ba* & ,haydn1 :i* ! s+] mu/ "k4 ,un=tunately1 _m ( ^! traditions h n be5 pres]v$ 9 pr9t 9 connection ) ! scores !mselves1 & ! only way 9 :i* ! "y s+] c acquire a k ( !m is ?r\gh he>+ au?oritative arti/s1 or f tea*]s :o h _h wide & ri* exp]i5ce4 #f4 ,fre$om ( ,m9d4--,"u ideal conditions ! m9d %\ld be free = music /udy & = public p]=mance4 ,?is is n always possible2 & "s arti/s "u great m5tal pressure h done _! be/ "w solely because !y felt t ! only way to bury sorr[ & tr\ble 0 to ?ru/ !mselves into _! arti/ic life & ?us =get ! pangs ( mis=tune4 ,! /ud5t1 h[ev]1 %\ld d ev]y?+ possible to h 8 m9d free s t he c give 8 be/ to 8 "w4 ,"o :o is wond]+ :]e ! next p5ny is com+ f is 9 a poor condition to impress an audi5ce4 ,nev]!less1 if ! real ability is !re x is b\nd to triumph ov] all ob/acles4 #g4 ,good ,heal?4--,good heal? is "o ( ! great factors ( success 9 s++4 ,:o ne$s a s\nd] m9d ?an ! arti/8 ,good heal? comes f good1 s5sible liv+4 ,! s+] mu/ nev] =get t ! in/rum5t he plays ^u is a "p ( 8 body & t t in/rum5t dep5ds = its musical excell5ce & g5]al condition ^u good heal?4 ,a #bj1jjj ,/radiv>ius w\ld be wor?less if x 7 plac$ 9 a tub ( wat]2 & a l>ynx t e>ns = its own] f #ejj to #a1ejj a night is equally valueless :5 saturat$ ) ! poisons t come f intemp]ate or unwise liv+4 ,_m ( ! s+]'s ?roat tr\bles arise f an unheal?y condition ( ! /oma* caus$ by excesses ( diet2 b1 aside f ?is1 a disease localiz$ 9 any o!r "p ( ! body affects ! ?roat sympa!tically & makes x difficult = ! s+] to get good results4 ,recital "w1 ) its long fatigu+ j\rneys on railroads1 toge!r ) ! o!r inconv5i5ces ( travel & ! responsibility & /ra9 t come f kn[+ t "o p]son alone is to hold f #a1jjj to #e1jjj p int]e/$ = ne>ly two h\rs1 dem&s a v s\nd physical condition4 #h4 ,life ,exp]i5ce4--,culture does n come f ! s*oolroom alone4 ,! ref9+ processes ( life are long & v>i$4 ,z ! viol9 ga9s 9 ri*ness ( tone & intr9sic value ) age1 s ! s+]'s life exp]i5ce has an effect ^u ! "* ( 8 s++4 ,he mu/ h se5 life 9 its broade/ s5se1 to place himself 9 t\* ) human sympa?y4 ,to d ?is & /ill reta9 ! fre%ness & sweetness ( 8 voice %\ld be 8 great aim4 ,! s+] :o lives a n>r[ & bigot$ exi/5ce r>ely meets ) wide popul> approval4 ,! public wants to he> 9 a voice t wond]ful some?+ t tells !m t x has _h opportunities to "k & to und]/& ! human side ( song1 n giv+ p>rot-l v]sions ( "s tea*]'s way ( s++1 b t ! und]/&+ comes f ! v c5t] ( ! m9d1 he>t & s\l4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly true 9 ! field ( ! song recital4 ,mo/ ( ! r5[n$ recital s+]s ( ! la/ half c5tury1 includ+ ,s*umann-,he9k1 ,sembri*1 ,wuelln]1 ! ,h5s*els & o!rs1 7 consid]ably pa/ _! y\? :5 !y made _! greate/ successes4 ,a pa9t+ fre% f ! arti/'s bru% is raw1 h>d & un9t]e/+1 till "t1 ) its damp & du/1 night & day1 heat & cold1 gives ! enri*+ t\* :i* adds s wond]fully to ! s(tness & beauty ( a picture4 ,we s+]s are all liv+ canvases4 ,"t1 & "t only1 c give u ^? %ades & t9ts :i* reveal liv+ exp]i5ce4 ,! "y arti/ %\ld he> _m ( ! be/ s+]s1 actors1 & speak]s1 %\ld read _m ( ! be/ books1 %\ld see _m beautiful pictures & wond]ful build+s4 ,b mo/ ( all1 he %\ld "k & /udy _m p & le>n ( _! joys & _! sorr[s1 _! successes & _! failures1 _! /r5g? & _! weaknesses1 _! loves & _! hates4 ,9 all art human life is reflect$1 & ?is is p>ticul>ly true 9 ! case ( vocal art4 ,= ye>s1 9 my y\?1 ,i nev] fail$ to att5d all ( ! musical ev5ts ( consequ5ce 9 my native city4 ,?is 0 ( imm5se value to me1 s9ce x gave me ! means ( cultivat+ my own judgm5t ( :at 0 good or bad 9 s++4 ,d n fe> t y w become blase4 ,if y h ! "r _s e musical ev5t y att5d w spur y on4 ,y may say t x is exp5sive to he> great s+]s1 & t y c only att5d recitals & ! op]a occasionally4 ,if ?is is really ! case y /ill h a means ( he>+ s+]s :i* y %\ld n neglect4 ,i ref] to ! reproduc+ ma*9es :i* h gr[n to be ( su* importance 9 vocal education4 ,phonograph records are no?+ %ort ( m>vel\s1 & my e>ne/ness 9 ?is cause is %[n by ! fact t ,i h long advocat$ _! employm5t 9 ! public s*ools1 & h plac$ ! matt] be=e ! educational au?orities ( ,new ,york4 ,i e>ne/ly urge ! music tea*]s ( ?is c\ntry1 :o are work+ = ! real musical developm5t ( our *ildr51 to take ?is matt] up 9 all s]i\sness4 ,i c assure !m t _! ef=ts w br+ !m ri* divid5ds 9 increas$ int]e/ 9 musical "w ( _! pupils1 & ! =m+ ( a musical public4 ,b no?+ b ! classics ( song mu/ be us$4 ,! "t = ! scorn+ ( high-br[ songs is pa/1 & music mu/ help ?is c\ntry to rid itself ( ! vogue ( ! l[-br[ & ! t\gh4 ,let s+]s /rive to become educat$ ornam5ts ( _! l(ty pr(ession4 #i4 ,p]sonal ,magnetism4--,"o ( ! mo/ ess5tial4 ,! subject ( p]sonal magnetism is ridicul$ by "s1 ( c\rse1 b r>ely laugh$ at by ! arti/ :o has exp]i5c$ ! a/oni%+ ph5om5a 9 ! op]a h\se or ! conc]t room4 ,l electricity x is intangible1 indef9able1 indescribable1 b makes its exi/5ce kn[n by manife/ations t are almo/ uncanny4 ,if p]sonal magnetism does n exi/1 h[ !n c we acc\nt = ! fact t "o piani/ c sit d[n to ! in/rum5t & play a c]ta9 piece1 & t ano!r piani/ c\ld play ! same piece ) ! same te*nical effect b los+ entirely ! *>m & attractiv5ess ) :i* ! fir/ piani/ imbu$ ! composition8 ,p]sonal magnetism does n dep5d ^u p]sonal beauty nor erudition nor ev5 ^u p]fect heal?4 ,h5ry ,irv+ & ,s>ah ,b]nh>dt 7 c]ta9ly n beautiful1 b !y held ! _w ( ! !at] 9 ! palm ( _! h&4 ,"s arti/s h really be5 9 ! la/ /ages ( sev]e illness b h1 nev]!less1 possess$ ! div9e electric sp>k to inspire hundr$s1 z did ! hectic ,*op9 :5 he made 8 la/ fam\s visit to ,engl& & ,scotl&4 ,p]sonal magnetism is n a k9d ( hypnotic influ5ce to be f\nd solely 9 ! conc]t hall or ! !at]4 ,mo/ arti/s possess x to a c]ta9 degree4 ,)\t ?is subtle & my/]i\s =ce1 success ) ! public nev] comes4 #aj4 ,idealism4--,ideals are ! fl[]s ( y\?4 ,only too (t5 !y are n t5d]ly c>$ =1 & ! result is t _m :o h be5 on ! "r track are turn$ 9 ! direction ( failure by mat]ialism4 ,x is absolutely ess5tial = ! "y s+] to h high ideals4 ,direct y\r ef=ts to ! be/ 9 :atev] bran* ( vocal art y det]m9e to und]take4 ,d n = a mom5t let m$iocrity or ! sub/itution ( artificial me?ods ent] y\r vision4 ,hold+ to y\r ideal w mean co/ly sacrifices to y2 b all sacrifices are wor? :ile if "o c realize "o's ideal4 ,! ideal is only ano!r t]m = ,heav5 to me4 ,if we c\ld all atta9 to ! ideal1 we w\ld all be 9 a k9d ( e>?ly ,p>adise4 ,x has always seem$ to me t :5 our ,"l said ,! ,k+dom ( ,heav5 is at h&1 he meant t x is at h& = u to possess n[2 t is ! ideal 9 life4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dame ,,cl>a ,,butt4 ,,dame ,,cl>a ,,butt ,,biographical ,dame ,butt 0 born at ,s\?wick1 ,sussex1 ,febru>y #a1 #ahgc4 ,h] fir/ lessons 7 ) ,d4 ,w4 ,roo?am 9 ,bri/ol4 ,9 #ahhi %e won a s*ol>%ip at ! ,royal ,college ( music :]e ! tea*] 0 ,j4 ,h4 ,bl[]4 ,lat] %e /udi$ = %ort p]iods ) ,b\hy 9 ,p>is & ,etelka ,g]/] 9 ,b]l94 ,h] debut 0 made z ,ursula 9 ,sullivan's sett+ ( ! ,longfell[ poem1 ,gold5 ,leg5d4 ,h] success 0 imm$iate & v great4 ,%e became 9 dem& at all ( ! great ,engli% musical fe/ivals & also sang be=e enorm\s audi5ces = ye>s 9 ! great ,engli% cities4 ,9 #aijj %e m>ri$ ! not$ ,engli% b>itone ,r4 ,k5n]ly ,rum=d & toge!r !y h made _m t\rs1 includ+ a t\r ( ! _w1 appe>+ ev]y:]e ) cont9u$ success4 ,h] voice is "o ( ri*1 full contralto quality ) su* individual *>act]i/ics t great ,engli% compos]s h writt5 special works to reveal ^! great natural gifts4 ,dame ,butt receiv$ h] di/9ction ( ,dame f ,k+ ,george 9 #aibj4 ,h] happy family life ) h] *ildr5 has won h] endless admir]s among musical p ev]y:]e4 ,,success ,,9 ,,conc]t ,,s++ ,,dame ,,cl>a ,,butt ,,heal? ,,& ,,s++ ,x mu/ be obvi\s to all aspir+ vocal /ud5ts t spl5did good heal? is well nigh indisp5sable to ! s+]4 ,!re h be5 s+]s1 ( c\rse1 :o h _h physical afflictions t h made _! public appe>ances extremely pa9ful1 b !y h succe$$ 9 spite ( ^! un=tunate drawbacks4 ,9 fact1 if ! "y s+] is ambiti\s & has t wond]ful gift ( direct+ h] ef=ts 9 ! way mo/ likely to br+ =tunate results1 ev5 physical weakness may be ov]come4 ,by ?is ,i mean t ! s+] w "w out "s plan = br++ h] physical condition to ! /&>d t f9e s++ dem&s4 ,i believe mo/ emphatically t ! "r _s w conqu] ob/acles t (t5 seem impassable4 ,"o might safely say t n9e-t5?s ( ! successes 9 all bran*es ( arti/ic "w are due to ! inext+ui%able fire t burns 9 ! he>t & m9d ( ! art work] & incites him to pass ?r\gh any ordeal 9 ord] to deliv] 8 message to ! _w4 ,,misdirect$ ,,ef=t ,! cruel "p ( x all is t _m aspire to become great s+]s :o c nev] possibly h _! hopes realiz$4 ,natural selection r ?an de/9y seems to gov]n ?is matt]4 ,! ugly cat]pill> seems l an unpromis+ c&idate = ! brilliant c>e] ( ! butt]fly1 & x (t5times happ5s t /ud5ts :o seem unpromis+ to "s h j ! qualities :i*1 ) ! "r "t1 in/ruction & exp]i5ce1 w entitle !m to great success4 ,x is ! little ant :o hopes to gr[ iridesc5t w+s1 & :o travels ?r\gh cons]vatory aft] cons]vatory1 hop+ to f9d ! magic *rysalis t w d ?is1 :o is to be piti$4 ,great success mu/ dep5d ^u special gifts1 intellectual z well z vocal4 ,oh1 if we only _h "s in/9ct1 l t possess$ by animals1 t w\ld enable u to det]m9e accurately 9 advance ! safe/ road = u to take1 ! road t w lead u to ! be/ developm5t ( our real tal5ts--n ^? we imag9e we may h or ^? :i* ! flatt]y ( fri5ds h graft$ ^u u6 ,mr4 ,rum=d & ,i h witness$ s mu* v h>d & v e>ne/ "w c>ri$ on by /ud5ts :o h no rational basis to hope = success z s+]s1 t we h be5 plac$ 9 ! uncom=table position ( advis+ "y s+]s to seek "s o!r life "w4 ,,:5 ,,to ,,beg9 ,! et]nal "q1 ,at :at age %all ,i comm5ce to /udy s++8 is always m or less amus+ to ! exp]i5c$ s+]4 ,if ! s+]'s _s is 9 ! *ild1 no?+ w /op 8 s++4 ,he w s+ f morn+ until night1 & seems to be guid$ 9 mo/ cases by an all-provid+ ,nature t makes its untutor$ ef=ts ! v be/ k9d ( practice4 ,unless ! *ild is br\ght into contact ) v bad music he is n likely to be injur$4 ,*ildr5 seem to be try+ _! be/ to prove ! ,d>w9ian !ory by %[+ u t !y c mimic q z well z monkeys4 ,! av]age *ild comes into ! bett] "p ( 8 little /ore ( wisdom ?r\gh mimicry4 ,naturally if ! little vocal /ud5t is tak5 to ! vaudeville !atre1 :]e e imag9able vocal law is sma%$ dur+ a ?ree-h\r p]=mance1 & if ! *ild obs]ves t ! sma%+ process is foll[$ by ! en?usia/ic applause ( ! un?9k+ audi5ce1 x is only reasonable to suppose t ! *ild w discov] 9 ?is :at he believes to be ! mo/ approv$ art ( s++4 ,x is evid5t !n t ! fir/ ?+ :i* ! p>5t ( ! musical *ild %\ld consid] is t ( tea*+ him to appreciate :at is look$ ^u z good & :at is look$ ^u z bad4 ,al?\gh _m s+]s ) f9e voices h appe>$ 9 vaudeville1 ! o!rs mu/ be reg>d$ z horrible examples1 & ! *ild %\ld "k t !y are su*4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is q evid5t t ! m good s++ t ! *ild he>s 9 ! impressionable ye>s ( its y\? ! great] w be ! effect ^u ! m9d :i* is to direct ! *ild's musical future4 ,?is is a bran* ( ! vocali/'s education :i* may beg9 long be=e ! actual lessons4 ,if x is c>efully conduct$ ! tea*] %\ld h f> less difficulty 9 />t+ ! *ild ) ! actual "w4 ,! only possible dang] might be t ! *ild's imitative faculty c\ld lead x to extremes ( pit* 9 imitat+ "s s+]4 ,ev5 ?is is h>dly m likely to injure x ?an ! %\t+ & scream+ :i* (t5 accompanies ! play ( *ildr54 ,! actual "t ( />t+ mu/ dep5d ^u ! individual4 ,x is nev] too e>ly = him to />t 9 acquir+ 8 musical k4 ,ev]y?+ he might le>n ( music itself1 ?r\gh ! /udy ( ! piano or any o!r in/rum5t w\ld all become a "p ( 8 capital :5 he became a s+]4 ,^? s+]s are =tunate ^: musical k comm5c$ ) ! cradle & ^: fir/ ma/] 0 t greate/ ( all tea*]s1 ! "m4 ,speak+ g5]ally1 x seems to be ! impression ( s++ tea*]s t voice /ud5ts %\ld n comm5ce ! vocal side ( _! /udies until !y are f sixte5 to sev5te5 ye>s ( age4 ,9 ?is connection1 consid] my own case4 ,my fir/ public appe>ance ) or*e/ra 0 :5 ,i 0 f\rte54 ,x 0 9 ,bri/ol1 ,engl&1 & among o!r ?+s ,i sang ,ora ,pro ,nobis f ,g\nod's ,work]s4 ,i 0 =tunate 9 hav+ 9 my fir/ tea*]1 ,d4 ,w4 ,roo?am1 a man too ?or\ghly bless$ ) good ,briti% common s5se to h any tricks4 ,he _h no fanta/ic way ( do+ ?+s1 no propriet>y me?ods1 t none else 9 ! _w 0 suppos$ to possess4 ,he li/5$ = ! beautiful 9 my voice &1 z 8 s5se ( musical appreciation 0 highly cultivat$1 he c\ld detect faults1 expla9 !m to me & %[ me h[ to ov]come !m by purely natural me?ods4 ,! pr9cipal "p ( ! process 0 to make me realize m5tally j :at 0 wrong & !n :at 0 ! m arti/ic way ( do+ x4 ,,lett+ ,,! ,,voice ,,gr[ ,aft] all1 s++ is s++1 & ,i am conv9c$ t my ma/]'s idea ( j lett+ ! voice gr[ ) normal ex]cise & )\t excesses 9 any direction 0 ! be/ way = me4 ,x 0 c]ta9ly bett] ?an h\rs & h\rs ( !ory1 int]e/+ to ! /ud5t ( physiology1 b (t5 bewild]+ to ! "y vocali/4 ,real s++ ) real music is immeasurably bett] ?an ages ( conjecture4 ,x appe>s t "s /ud5ts sp5d ye>s 9 le>n+ h[ !y are go+ to s+ at "s glori\s day 9 ! future1 b x nev] seems to occur to !m t 9 ord] to s+ !y mu/ really use _! voices4 ,( c\rse1 ,i d n mean to inf] t ! /ud5t mu/ omit ! necess>y prep>atory "w4 ,solfeggios1 = in/ance1 & scales are extremely useful4 ,concone1 tri$ & true1 gives excell5t mat]ial = all /ud5ts4 ,b :y sp5d ye>s 9 dream+ ( !ories reg>d+ s++ :5 ev]yone kn[s t ! !ory ( s++ has be5 ! battlegr\nd = innum]able tal5t$ writ]s = c5turies8 ,ev5 n[ x is app>5tly impossible to reconcile all ! vocal writ]s1 except 9 s f> z !y all mode/ly admit t !y h r$iscov]$ ! real old ,italian s*ool4 ,p]haps !y h4 ,b1 admitt+ t an art tea*] r$iscov]$ ! actual pigm5ts us$ by ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 ,rembr&t or ,raphael1 he w\ld h no little task 9 creat+ a /ud5t :o c\ld duplicate ,mona ,lisa1 ,! ,night ,wat* or ! ,si/9e ,madonna4 ,aft] leav+ ,roo?am1 ,i won ! f\r hundr$ gu9ea s*ol>%ip at ! ,royal ,college ( ,music & /udi$ ) ,h5ry ,bl[]4 ,?is ,i foll[$ ) a c\rse ) ,b\hy 9 ,p>is & ,etelka ,g]/] 9 ,b]l94 ,mr4 ,rum=d & ,i bo? concur 9 ! op9ion t x is necess>y = ! /ud5t :o w\ld s+ 9 any =eign language to /udy 9 ! c\ntry 9 :i* ! language is spok54 ,9 no o!r way c "o get ! real atmosph]e4 ,! prep>atory "w may be done 9 ! home c\ntry1 b if "o fails to ta/e ( ! musical life ( ! c\ntry 9 :i* ! songs came into be+1 !re seems to be an indef9able abs5ce ( ! "r flavor4 ,i believe 9 employ+ ! native tongue = songs 9 recital "w4 ,x seems n>r[ to me to d o!rwise4 ,at ! same "t1 ,i h always be5 a *ampion = songs writt5 orig9ally ) ,engli% texts1 & h sung innum]able times ) programs made f ,engli% lyrics4 ,,prep>+ ,a ,,rep]toire ,! idea t conc]t & recital "w is n z difficult z op]atic "w has be5 pretty well explod$ by ?is "t4 ,9 fact1 x is v mu* m difficult to s+ a simple song well 9 conc]t ?an x is to s+ "s ( ! elaborate ,wagn]ian recitatives 9 :i* ! v complexities ( ! music make a conv5i5t hid+ place = ! arti/'s vocal %ortcom+s4 ,9 conc]t ev]y?+ is conc5trat$ ^u ! s+]4 ,conv5tion has ev] depriv$ him ( ! conv5i5t ge/ures t give ease to ! op]a s+]4 ,! selection ( useful mat]ial = conc]t purposes is imm5sely difficult4 ,x mu/ h arti/ic m]it1 x mu/ h human int]e/1 x mu/ suit ! s+]1 9 mo/ cases ! piano mu/ be us$ = accompanim5t & ! song mu/ n be dep5d5t ^u an or*e/ral accompanim5t = its value4 ,x mu/ n be too old1 x mu/ n be too f> 9 advance ( popul> ta/es4 ,x is a bad plan to w&] indiscrim9ately ab\t among c\ntless songs1 nev] le>n+ any really well4 ,! /ud5t %\ld beg9 to select numb]s ) great c>e1 realiz+ t x is futile to try to d ev]y?+4 ,"l ,bol+broke1 9 8 essay on ! %ortness ( human life1 %[s h[ impossible x is = a man to read m ?an a m]e fraction ( a great libr>y ?\gh he read regul>ly e day ( 8 life4 ,x is v mu* ! same ) music4 ,! res\rces are s va/ & "t is s limit$ t !re is no opportunity to le>n ev]y?+4 ,f> bett] is x = ! vocali/ to d a little well ?an to d mu* ineffectually4 ,good music well execut$ meets ) v mu* ! same appreciation ev]y:]e4 ,dur+ our late/ t\r we gave almo/ ! v same programs 9 ,am]ica z ^? we h be5 giv+ ^u ! ,european ,cont95t4 ,! music-lov+ ,am]ican public is likely to diff] b slightly f t ( ! great music c5t]s ( ! old _w4 ,music has truly become a univ]sal language4 ,9 develop+ a rep]toire ! /ud5t might look ^u ! musical public z ?\gh x 7 a huge circle fill$ ) small] circles1 ea* little circle be+ a c5t] ( int]e/4 ,"o circle might insi/ ^u old ,engli% songs1 su* z ! delightful melodies ( ,arne1 ,c>ey1 ,monroe4 ,ano!r circle might expect ! arias ( ! old ,italian ma/]s1 ,c>issimi1 ,jomelli1 ,sac*9i or ,sc>latti4 ,ano!r circle w\ld want to he> ! ,g]man ,li$] ( su* compos]s z ,s*umann1 ,s*ub]t1 ,brahms1 ,franz & ,wolf4 ,/ill ano!r circle might g away disappo9t$ if !y c\ld n he> some?+ ( ! ultra mod]n writ]s1 su* z ,/rauss1 ,debussy or ev5 t freak ( musical cacophony1 ,s*o5b]g4 ,h[ev] div]se may be ! individual lik+s ( ^! small] circles1 all ( ! memb]s ( y\r audi5ce are unit$ 9 lik+ music z a :ole4 ,! audi5ce w dem& v>iety 9 y\r rep]toire b at ! same "t x w dem& c]ta9 musical ess5tials :i* appeal to all4 ,!re is "o circle 9 y\r audi5ce t ,i h purposely res]v$ = sep>ate discussion4 ,t is ! great circle ( conc]t go]s :o are n skill$ musicians1 :o are too frank1 too c&id1 to adopt any ( ! cant ( ^? social frauds :o revel 9 ,reg] & ,s*o5b]g1 & j because x might /amp !m z real connoisseurs1 b :o really c't recognize mu* diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,liebe/od ( ,tri/an und ,isolde & ,rule ,britannia1--b ! music lov]s :o are too hone/ to fail to /ate t !y l ! ,lo/ ,*ord or ! lovely folk songs ( y\r ,am]ican compos]1 ,/eph5 ,fo/]4 ,mr4 ,plunkett ,gre5e1 9 8 "w ^u song int]pretation1 makes no room = ! exi/5ce ( songs ( ?is k9d4 ,inde$1 he w\ld ca/ !m all into ! disc>d4 ,?is seems to me a huge mi/ake4 ,surely we c n say t music is a monopoly ( ! few :o h s*ool$ _! e>s to enjoy outl&i% disonances ) delight4 ,music is p]haps ! mo/ univ]sal ( all ! arts & ) ! gradual evolution ( ^? :o love x1 a natural audi5ce is provid$ = music ( ! m complicat$ sort4 ,we le>n to l our musical cavi> ) surpris+ rapidity4 ,x 0 only ye/]day t we 7 object+ to ! delightful piano pieces ( ,debussy1 :o c g5]ate an atmosph]e ) a s+le *ord j z ,murillo c\ld inspire an emotion ) a /roke ( ! bru%4 ,x is n safe to say t y d n l ?+s 9 ?is way4 ,i ?9k t ev5 ,s*o5b]g is try+ to be true to 8 muse4 ,we mu/ rememb] t ,haydn1 ,bee?ov51 ,wagn] & ,brahms pass$ ?r\gh ! fire ( criticism 9 _! day4 ,! m bread? a s+] puts into h] "w ! m likely is %e to reap success4 ,"t only c produce ! accompli%$ arti/4 ,! be/ is to f9d a joy 9 y\r "w & ?9k ( no?+ b l>ge success4 ,if y h ! gift1 triumph w be y\rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,giuseppe ,,campan>i4 7,c7 ,dupont4 ,,giuseppe ,,campan>i ,,biographical ,giuseppe ,campan>i 0 born at ,v5ice1 ,italy1 ,nov4 #ag?1 #aheh4 ,8 p>5ts 7 n p>ticul>ly musical b 7 v anxi\s = ! boy to become a musician4 ,at ! age ( n9e he comm5c$ to /udy ! piano & lat] he ent]$ ! ,cons]vatory ( ,milan1 mak+ 8 pr9cipal in/rum5t ! violoncello4 ,^u 8 graduation he secur$ a position 9 ! 'cello section ( ! or*e/ra at ,la ,scala4 ,"h = ye>s he he>d ! greate/ s+]s & ! greate/ op]as1 ga9+ a musical insight into ! works ?r\gh an und]/&+ ( ! scores :i* has seldom if ev] be5 possess$ by a great op]a s+]4 ,8 fir/ appe>ance z s+] 0 at ! ,teatro dal ,v]me 9 ,milan4 ,ow+ to voice /ra9 he 0 oblig$ to give up s++ & 9 ! int]im he took a position z a 'celli/ 9 ! ,bo/on ,symphony ,or*e/ra1 rema9+ ) t organization "s ye>s4 ,he !n made appe>ances ) ! ,emma ,ju* ,op]a ,company1 ! ,he9ri*s ,op]a ,company1 & ev5tually at ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,company 9 ,new ,york1 :]e he a*iev$ 8 greate/ triumphs z lead+ b>itone4 ,mr4 ,campan>i long s9ce became an ,am]ican citiz5 & has devot$ 8 att5tion to tea*+ = ye>s4 ,8 conf]5ce :i* foll[s is p>ticul>ly int]e/+1 z f ! vocal /&po9t he is almo/ entirely self taught4 ,,! ,,value ,,( ,,self-,,/udy ,,9 ,,voice ,,tra9+ ,,giuseppe ,,campan>i ,s mu* has be5 writt5 ^u ! futility ( apply+ "o me?od to all cases 9 vocal in/ruction t x seems useless = me to say any?+ t w\ld add to ! volume ( te/imony aga9/ ! cu/om ( try+ to tea* all pupils 9 ! same mann]4 ,no "o man ev] has _h1 has1 or ev] w h1 a me?od sup]ior to all o!rs1 = ! v simple reason t ! means "o vocali/ might employ to rea* arti/ic success w\ld be q diff]5t f t :i* ano!r s+]1 ) an entirely diff]5t voice1 diff]5t ?roat & diff]5t intellect1 w\ld be oblig$ to employ4 ,"o ( ! great laws ( ,nature is ! law ( v>iation2 t is1 no two *ildr5 ( any p>5ts are ev] exactly alike4 ,ev5 9 ! case ( tw9s !re is (t5 a great v>iation4 ,! great ,engli% philosoph]1 ,d>w91 made mu* ( ?is pr9ciple4 ,x is "o :i* all voice /ud5ts & tea*]s %\ld consid]1 = al?\gh !re are1 f ! nature ( ?+s1 _m f\ndation pr9ciples :i* mu/ rema9 ! same 9 all cases1 ! diff]5ces 9 individual cases are suffici5t to dem& ! greate/ ke5ness ( obs]vation1 ! wide/ exp]i5ce & an inexhau/ible supply ( pati5ce ^u ! "p ( ! tea*]4 ,please und]/&1 ,i am n decry+ ! use ( books ( ex]cises su* z ^? ( ,concone1 ,m>*esi1 ,reg9e1 ,pan(ka & o!rs4 ,su* books are necess>y4 ,i h us$ ^! & o!rs 9 tea*+1 suit+ ! book to ! individual case4 ,! pupil ne$s mat]ial ( ?is k9d1 & x %\ld be *os5 ) ! greate/ c>e & consid]ation n only ( ! pupil's voice1 b ( 8 intellectual capacity & musical exp]i5ce4 ,^! books %\ld n be consid]$ me?ods4 ,!y are ! common prop]ty ( all tea*]s1 & mo/ tea*]s make use ( !m4 ,my und]/&+ ( a me?od is a set ( h>d & fa/ rules1 usually emanat+ f ! m9d ( "s "o p]son :o has ! effront]y to pass !m (f ^u an all too gullible public z ! "o road to a vocal ,p>nassus4 ,only ! s+] ) ye>s ( exp]i5ce c realize h[ ridicul\s ?is c\rse is & h[ l>ge is ! p]c5tage ( failure ( ! pupils ( tea*]s ^: sole claim to fame is t !y tea* !---- me?od4 ,pr\d z ,i am ( ! glori\s pa/ ( vocal art 9 ! c\ntry ( my bir?1 ,i _c help be+ amus$ & at ! same "t some:at irritat$ :5 ,i ?9k ( ! _m palpable frauds t are class$ "u ! head ( ! ,real ,old ,italian ,me?od by inexp]i5c$ tea*]s4 ,we _c dep5d ^u ! pa/ 9 all cases to meet pres5t conditions4 ,! s+]s ( ! old5 day 9 ,italy 7 d\btless great1 because !y possess$ naturally f9e voices & us$ !m 9 an unaffect$1 natural mann]4 ,9 addition to ?is !y 7 born speak+ a tongue favorable to beautiful s++1 l$ simple lives & _h opportunities = he>+ ! great op]as & ! great s+]s unexcell$ by ^? ( any o!r ,european c\ntry4 ,t !y became great ?r\gh ! practice ( any set ( rules or me?ods is inconceivable4 ,!re 7 great tea*]s 9 old5 ,italy1 v great tea*]s1 & "s ( !m made notes ^u ! means !y employ$1 b ,i _c believe t if ^! tea*]s 7 liv+ to-day !y w\ld insi/ ^u _! ideas be+ appli$ to ea* & e individual case 9 ! same id5tical mann]4 ,,! ,,value ,,( ,,op]a ,?is leads u to ! subject at h&4 ,! /ud5ts 9 ,italy 9 ! pa/ h _h advantages = self-/udy t 7 ( greate/ importance4 ,on all sides good s++ & great s++ might be he>d conv5i5tly & economically4 ,op]a 0 & is "o ( ! great national amusem5ts ( ,italy4 ,op]a h\ses may be f\nd 9 all ( ! l>g] cities & 9 mo/ ( ! small] ones4 ,! prices ( admission are1 z a rule1 v l[4 ,! result is t ! boys 9 ! /reet are (t5 rem>kably famili> ) "s ( ! be/ works4 ,inde$1 x w\ld n be extravagant to say t !y 7 q z famili> ) ^! musical ma/]pieces z "s ( ! resid5ts ( ,am]ica are ) ! melodramatic do+s ( ,jesse ,james or ! ,que5 ( ,*9at[n4 ,?us x is t ! av]age ,italian boy ) a fair education & quick p[]s ( obs]vation rea*es 8 majority ) a ta/e = s++ tra9$ by _m opportunities to he> great s+]s4 ,!y h _h ! be/ vocal in/ruction 9 ! _w1 provid+1 ( c\rse1 !y h ex]cis$ _! p[]s ( judgm5t4 ,?us x is t x happ5s t su* a s+] z ,c>uso1 c]ta9ly "o ( ! greate/ t5ors ( all "t1 c\ld be accid5tally he>d by a manag] :ile s++ & receive an (f] = an engagem5t ^u ! spot4 ,c>uso's pres5t art1 ( c\rse1 is ! result ( mu* tra9+ t w\ld fall "u ! head ( coa*+1 toge!r ) 8 spl5did exp]i5ce ^u ! op]atic /age itself4 ,i tru/ t ,i h n by ?is "t giv5 ! read] ( ?is page ! impression t tea*]s are unnecess>y4 ,?is is by no means ! case4 ,a good tea*] is extremely desirable4 ,if y h ! good =tune to fall into ! h&s ( a c>eful1 exp]i5c$1 intellig5t tea*]1 mu* may be accompli%$2 b ! tea*] is by no means all t is requir$4 ,! tea*] %\ld be judg$ by 8 pupils1 & by no?+ else4 ,no matt] :at he may claim1 x is inv>iably ! results ( 8 "w 7! pupil's7 :i* mu/ det]m9e 8 value4 ,tea*]s come to me ) wond]ful !ories & all imag9able k9ds ( me?ods4 ,i always say to !m3 ,%[ me a good pupil :o has be5 tra9$ by y\r me?ods & ,i w say t y are a good tea*]4 ,be=e our national elections ,i am ask$1 ,:i* "o ( ! c&idates d y believe w make ! be/ ,presid5t8 ,i always reply1 ,wait f\r ye>s & ,i w pass my op9ion ^u ! ability ( ! c&idate ! p select4 ,9 o!r words1 ! pro( ( ! pudd+ is 9 ! eat+4 ,,s+]s ,,n ,,born1 ,,b ,,made ,we (t5 he> ! trite expression1 ,s+]s are born1 n made4 ,?is1 to my m9d1 is by no means ! case4 ,"o may be born ) ! tal5t & deep love = music1 & "o may be born ) ! physical qualifications :i* lead to ! developm5t ( a beautiful voice1 b ! s+] is some?+ f> m ?an ?is4 ,giv5 a good voice & ! love = 8 music1 ! s+]'s "w is only begun4 ,he is at ! out/>t ( a road :i* is beset ) all imag9able k9ds ( ob/acles4 ,9 my own case ,i 0 extremely ambiti\s to be a s+]4 ,night aft] night ,i play$ 'cello 9 ! or*e/ra at ,la ,scala1 9 ,milan1 always wi%+ & pray+ t ,i might "s day be "o ( ! actors 9 ! wond]ful _w beh9d ! footlights4 ,i li/5$ to ! fam\s s+]s 9 ! great op]a h\se ) ! m9ute/ att5tion1 mak+ m5tal notes ( _! mann] ( plac+ _! voices--_! me?od ( int]pretation1 _! /age bus9ess1 & ev]y?+ t ,i ?\ght might be ( any possible use to me 9 ! c>e] ( ! s+]1 :i* 0 de>e/ to my he>t4 ,i endeavor$ to employ all ! common s5se & good judgm5t ,i possess$ to det]m9e :at 0 musically & vocally good or o!rwise4 ,i 0 =tunate 9 hav+ ! tra9+ ( ! musician1 & also 9 hav+ ! invaluable advantage ( becom+ acqua9t$ ) ! or*e/ral scores ( ! fam\s op]as4 ,f9ally ! long-await$ opportunity came & ,i made my debut at ! ,teatro dal ,v]me1 9 ,milan4 ,i _h _h no real vocal in/ruction 9 ! commonly accept$ s5se ( ! t]m2 b ,i _h really _h a k9d ( in/ruction t 0 ( ine/imable value4 ,,n ,,giv5 ,,to ,,all ,,to ,,/udy ,,successfully ,,)\t ,a ,,tea*] ,success br\ght ) x its disadvantages4 ,i fooli%ly /ra9$ my voice ?r\gh ov]work4 ,b ?is did n disc\rage me4 ,i realiz$ t _m ( ! greate/ s+]s ! _w has ev] kn[n 7 among ^? :o _h met ) disa/r\s failure at "s "t 9 _! c>e]s4 ,i came to ,am]ica & play$ ! violoncello 9 ! ,bo/on ,symphony ,or*e/ra4 ,all ! "t ,i 0 practic+ ) ! greate/ c>e & ) ! sole object ( re/or+ my voice4 ,f9ally x came back bett] ?an ev] & ,i sang = ,maurice ,grau1 ! impres>io ( ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se1 9 ,new ,york4 ,he engag$ me & ,i sang cont9u\sly at ! ,metropolitan = sev]al ye>s4 ,not)/&+ ?is v>i$ exp]i5ce1 ,i w seek to le>n1 & to le>n by practical example1 n !ory4 ,! only op]a s*ool 9 ! _w is ! op]a h\se itself4 ,no s*ool ev] made a great s+] or a great arti/4 ,! mo/ !y h done has be5 to lay ! f\ndation4 ,! mak+ ( ! arti/ comes lat]4 ,9 ord] to d )\t in/ruction "o mu/ be v peculi>ly con/itut$4 ,"o mu/ be possess$ ( ! p$agogical faculty to a m>k$ degree4 ,"o mu/ h )9 oneself ^? qualities = obs]v+ & detect+ ! "r means lead+ to an arti/ic end :i* e good tea*] possesses4 ,9 o!r words1 "o mu/ be bo? tea*] & pupil4 ,?is is a r>e comb9ation1 s9ce ! p[] to tea*1 to imp>t in/ruction1 is "o t is giv5 to v few4 ,x is f> bett] to /udy alone or n at all ?an ) a poor tea*]4 ,! tea*]'s responsibility1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! case ( vocal /ud5ts1 is v great4 ,s v mu* dep5ds ^u x4 ,a poor tea*] c d incalculable damage4 ,by poor tea*]s ,i ref] p>ticul>ly to ^? :o are c>ri$ away by idiotic !ories & quack me?ods4 ,we le>n to s+ by s++ & n by c>ry+ bricks ^u our *e/ or o!r idiotic antics4 ,consequ5tly ,i say t x is bett] to g all ?r\gh life ) a natural or gre5 voice ?an to und]go ! vocal torture t is sometimes palm$ (f ^u ! public z voice tea*+4 ,at be/1 all ! greate/ liv+ tea*] c d is to put ! arti/ ^u ! "r track & ?is 9 itself is responsibility en\gh = "o man or "o woman to assume4 ,,s+]s ,,make ,,_! ,,own ,,me?ods ,z ,i h already said1 mo/ e s+] makes a me?od unto himself4 ,x is all ! same 9 ! end4 ,! ,*9ese may1 = in/ance1 h "o "n = ,god1 ! ,p]sians ano!r1 ! ,mohamm$ans ano!r1 & ! p ( ,*ri/ian l&s ano!r4 ,b ! ,god pr9ciple & ! wor%ip pr9ciple are ! same ) all4 ,x is v simil> 9 s++4 ,! means t apply to my own case may app>5tly be diff]5t f ^? ( ano!r1 b we are all seek+ to produce beautiful tones & int]pret ! mean+ ( ! compos] prop]ly4 ,"o ?+1 h[ev]1 ! /ud5t %\ld seek to possess above all ?+s1 & ?is is a ?or\gh f\ndation tra9+ 9 music itself4 ,?is c n beg9 too e>ly4 ,9 my own home we h always _h music4 ,my *ildr5 h always he>d s++ & play+ & consequ5tly !y become critical at a v e>ly age4 ,i c n help repeat+ my advice to /ud5ts :o hope to f9d a vocal education 9 books or by ! ev5 m ridicul\s correspond5ce me?od4 ,books may set "o's m5tal ma*9]y 9 motion & incite "o to obs]ve s+]s m closely1 b tea* !y c n & nev] c4 ,! s\nd-reproduc+ ma*9es are ( assi/ance 9 help+ ! /ud5t to und]/& ! brea?+1 phras+1 etc41 b !re is no?+ really to take ! place ( ! liv+ s+] :o c illu/rate ) 8 voice ! niceties ( plac+ & timbre4 ,my advice to ! voice /ud5ts ( ,am]ica is to he> great s+]s4 ,he> !m z _m times z possible & consid] ! money inve/$ z well plac$ z any y might sp5d 9 vocal in/ruction4 ,! gold5 magnet1 z well z ! opportunities 9 o!r ways (f]$ arti/s 9 ,am]ica1 has attract$ ! greate/ s+]s ( our "t to ?is c\ntry4 ,x is no long] necess>y to g abroad to li/5 to great s+]s4 ,9 no c\ntry ( ! _w is op]a giv5 ) m lavi% exp5diture ( money ?an 9 ,am]ica4 ,! great s+]s are n[ by no means conf9+ _! ef=ts to ! l>ge ,ea/]n cities4 ,_m ( !m make regul> t\rs ( ! c\ntry1 & /ud5ts 9 all p>ts ( ?is l& are (f]$ spl5did opportunities = self-help ?r\gh ! means ( conc]ts & musical fe/ivals4 ,aft] all1 ! mo/ important ?+ = any s+] is ! developm5t ( ! critical s5se4 ,bl9d imitation is1 ( c\rse1 bad1 b h[ is ! /ud5t to progress unless he has _h an opportunity to he> ! be/ s+]s ( ! day8 ,9 my y\? ,i he>d cont9ually su* arti/s z ,la ,salle1 ,gay>re1 ,patti1 ,de ,reszke & o!rs4 ,h[ c\ld ,i help pr(it+ by su* excell5t exp]i5ces8 ,,great ,,voices ,,are ,,r>e ,"o may be sure t 9 ^! days few1 if any1 great voices g undiscov]$4 ,a rem>kable natural voice is s r>e t "s "o is sure to notice x & br+ x to ! att5tion ( musicians4 ,! tr\ble is t s _m p are s pa9fully delud$ reg>d+ _! voices4 ,i h _h !m come to me ) voices t are obvi\sly execrable & /ill rema9 unconv9c$ :5 ,i h told !m :at seem$ to me ! tru?4 ,?is bus9ess ( he>+ w\ld-be s+]s is an unpr(itable & an uncom=table "o2 & mo/ arti/s try to avoid ! ordeal1 al?\gh !y are always v glad to enc\rage real tal5t4 ,mo/ "y s+]s1 h[ev]1 h little m ?an ! b>e ambition to s+1 c\pl$ ) :at c only be describ$ by ! ,am]ican t]m1 a swell$ head4 ,someone has told !m t !y are wond]fully gift$1 & p]sons ( ?is k9d are mo/ always ready to swall[ flatt]y indiscrim9ately4 ,almo/ ev]yone1 app>5tly1 wants to g into op]a n[adays4 ,to s+]s :o h n any *ance :atev] ,i h only to say t ! soon] ?is is discov]$ ! bett]4 ,f> bett] put y\r money 9 bank & let comp\nd int]e/ d :at y\r voice c n4 ,,enrico ,,c>uso ,,biographical ,enrico ,c>uso 0 born at ,naples1 ,febru>y #be?1 #ahgc4 ,8 fondness = music dates f 8 e>lie/ *ildhood2 & he sp5t mu* ( 8 sp>e money 9 att5d+ ! op]a at ,san ,c>lo & he>+ ! =emo/ s+]s ( 8 "t 9 _m ( ! roles 9 :i* he appe>$ lat] on4 ,8 actual /udy1 h[ev]1 did n />t until he 0 eighte51 :5 he came "u ! tuition ( ,guglielmo ,v]g9e4 ,9 #ahie he made 8 debut at ! ,teatro ,cim>osa 9 ,cas]ta4 ,8 fir/ appe>ances drew comp>atively little att5tion to 8 "w & 8 future greatness 0 h>dly suspect$ by _m ( ^? :o he>d him4 ,h[ev]1 by d9t ( long application to 8 art he ga9$ m & m recognition4 ,9 #aijb he made 8 debut 9 ,london4 ,! foll[+ ye> he came to ,new ,york1 :]e ! _w's greate/ s+]s _h f\nd an ,el ,dorado = ne>ly a qu>t] ( a c5tury4 ,!re he 0 at once proclaim$ ! greate/ ( all t5ors & f t "t 8 success 0 undeviat+4 ,inde$ 8 voice 0 s wond]ful & s individual t x is difficult to comp>e him ) any ( 8 great pr$ecessors2 ,tamagno1 ,campan9i1 de ,reszke & o!rs4 ,9 ,europe & 9 ,am]ica he 0 welcom$ ) acclaim & ! records ( 8 voice are to be f\nd 9 ?\s&s ( homes ( music lov]s :o h nev] come 9 t\* ) him 9 any o!r way4 ,signor ,c>uso _h a rem>kable tal5t = draw+ & = sculpture4 ,8 dea?1 ,augu/ #b;d1 #aiba1 end$ ! c>e] ( ! greate/ male s+] ( hi/ory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,enrico ,,c>uso4 ,,italy1 ,,! ,,home ,,( ,,song ,,enrico ,,c>uso ,,op]a ,,& ,,! ,,public ,,9 ,,italy ,anyone :o has travel$ 9 ,italy mu/ h notic$ ! int]e/ t is manife/$ at ! op5+ ( ! op]a season4 ,?is does n apply only to ! p ) means & advanc$ culture b also to :at might be call$ ! g5]al public4 ,9 addition to ! upp] classes1 ! same class ( p 9 ,am]ica :o w\ld %[ ! wilde/ en?usiasm ov] y\r popul> sport1 base-ball1 w\ld be simil>ly eag] to att5d ! lead+ op]atic p]=mances 9 ,italy4 ,! op5+ ( ! op]a is accompani$ by an indescribable f]vor4 ,x is 9 ! air4 ,! :ole community seems to brea! op]a4 ,! *ildr5 "k ! lead+ melodies1 & (t5 discuss ! features ( ! p]=mances z !y he> _! p>5ts tell ab\t !m1 j z ! ,am]ican small boy retails 8 fa!r's op9ions ^u ! political /ruggles ( ! day or ^u ! la/ ball game4 ,x %\ld n be ?\ght t ?is does n mean a sacrifice to ! masses1 = op]a is1 9 a s5se1 m exp5sive 9 ,italy ?an 9 ,am]ica2 t is1 x is m exp5sive by comp>ison 9 mo/ p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t monet>y values 9 ,italy are entirely diff]5t f ^? 9 ,am]ica4 ,! av]age ,italian ( mod]ate means looks ^u a lira z a co9 f> m valuable ?an its equival5t ( tw5ty c5ts 9 ,unit$ ,/ates curr5cy4 ,8 income is likely to be limit$1 & he mu/ sp5d x ) c>e & wisdom4 ,aga91 9 ! great op]atic c5t]s1 su* z ,milan1 ,naples or ,rome1 ! prices are inv>iably adju/$ to ! importance ( ! production4 ,9 fir/-class productions ! prices are (t5 v high f ! ,italian /&po9t4 ,= in/ance1 at ,la ,scala 9 ,milan1 :5 an exceptionally f9e p]=mance is giv5 ) really great s+]s1 ! prices = or*e/ra *airs may run z high z ?irty lira or six doll>s a seat4 ,ev5 to ! weal?y ,italian ?is am\nt seems ! same z a mu* l>g] am\nt 9 ,am]ica4 ,to give op]a 9 ,italy ) ! same spectacul> effects1 ! same ca/s compos$ almo/ exclusively ( v r5[n$ arti/s1 ! same mise en sc5e1 etc41 w\ld require a price ( admission really high] ?an 9 ,am]ica4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 !re is no place 9 ! _w :]e su* a great numb] ( p]=mances1 ) s _m _w-r5[n$ s+]s1 are giv5 z at ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se 9 ,new ,york4 ,!re is no necessity = any "o to make a special trip to ,europe to he> excell5t p]=mances 9 ^! days4 ,( c\rse su* a trip w\ld be int]e/+1 z ! p]=mances giv5 9 _m ,european c5t]s are wond]fully f9e1 & !y w\ld be int]e/+ to he> if only f ! /&po9t ( comp>+ !m ) ^? giv5 at ! ,metropolitan4 ,h[ev]1 ! mo/ em95t s+]s ( ! _w come "h con/antly1 & ! p]=mances are direct$ by ! able/ m5 obta9able1 & ,i am at loss to see :y ,am]ica %\ld n be extremely pr\d ( h] op]atic advantages4 ,9 addition to ?is ! public manife/s a mo/ intellig5t appreciation ( ! be/ 9 music4 ,x is v agreeable to s+ 9 ,am]ica1 z "o is sure t :5 he does well ! public w respond at once4 ,,italian1 ,,! ,,language ,,( ,,music ,p]haps ! fact t 9 ,italy ! audi5ces may und]/& ! p]=mances bett] because ( _! k ( _! native language may add to ! pleasure ( op]a-go+4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is a "q1 except 9 ! case ( "s ( ! m mod]n works4 ,! old] op]a librettos left mu* to be desir$ f ! dramatic & poetic /&po9ts4 ,italian aft] all is ! language ( music4 ,9 fact x is music 9 itself :5 prop]ly spok54 ,note t ,i say :5 prop]ly spok54 ,am]ican girls g to ,italy to /udy1 & ( c\rse desire to acquire a k ( ! language itself1 = !y h he>d t x is b5eficial 9 s++4 ,!y get a m]e smatt]+1 & d n make any attempt to secure a p]fect acc5t4 ,! result is ab\t z funny z ! ef=ts ( ! com$ians :o imitate ,g]man emigrants on ! ,am]ican /age4 ,if y />t ! /udy ( ,italian1 p]si/ until y h really ma/]$ ! language4 ,9 do+ ?is y\r e> w get su* a drill & su* a s]ies ( ex]cises z x has nev] _h be=e4 ,y w h to li/5 to ! v[el s\nds z y h nev] li/5$4 ,?is is necess>y because 9 ord] to und]/& ! gramm> ( ! language y mu/ he> ! f9al v[el 9 ea* ^w & y mu/ he> ! consonants di/9ctly4 ,!re is ano!r peculi> ?+ ab\t ,italian4 ,if ! /ud5t :o has always /udi$ & sung 9 ,engli%1 ,g]man or ,fr5* or ,russian1 attempts to s+ 9 ,italian1 he is really turn+ a brilliant se>*light ^u 8 own vocal ability4 ,if he has any faults :i* h be5 conceal$ 9 8 s++ 9 8 own language1 !y w be discov]$ at once ! mom5t he comm5ces to /udy 9 ,italian4 ,i d n "k :e!r ?is is because ! ,italian ( culture has a high] /&>d ( diction 9 ! enunciation ( ! v[el s\nds1 or :e!r ! s\nds !mselves are s pure & smoo? t !y expose ! defici5cies1 b x is nev]!less ! case4 ,! ,am]ican girl :o /udies ,italian = six mon?s & !n hopes to s+ 9 t language 9 a mann] n likely to di/urb ! s5se ( ! ridicul\s is deceiv+ h]self4 ,x takes ye>s to acquire flu5cy 9 a language4 ,,audi5ces ,,! ,,same ,,! ,,_w ,,ar\nd ,audi5ces are z s5sitive z individuals4 ,italy is kn[n z ! home ( ! op]a2 b ,i f9d t1 z f> z manife/+ en?usiasm goes1 ! _w is gett+ pretty mu* ! same4 ,if ! public is pleas$1 x applauds no matt] :e!r x be 9 ,vi5na1 ,p>is1 ,rome1 ,bu5os ,aires1 ,new ,york1 or ,o%ko%4 ,an arti/ feels 8 bond ) 8 audi5ce v quickly4 ,he kn[s :e!r 8 auditors are delight$1 :e!r !y are m]ely int]e/$ or :e!r !y are indiff]5t a few seconds aft] he has be5 ^u ! /age4 ,i c judge my own "w at once by ! attitude ( ! audi5ce4 ,no arti/ s+s exactly alike on two successive nights4 ,t w\ld be impossible4 ,al?\gh e s9c]e arti/ tries to d 8 be/ at all times1 !re are1 nev]!less1 occasions :5 "o s+s bett] ?an at o!rs4 ,if ,i s+ p>ticul>ly well ! audi5ce is p>ticul>ly en?usia/ic2 if ,i am n feel+ well & my s++ indicates x1 ! audi5ce w let me "k at once by n be+ q s en?usia/ic4 ,x is a b>omet] :i* is almo/ unfail+4 ,?is is also an important ?+ = ! "y s+] to consid]4 ,audi5ces judge by real wor? & n by reputation4 ,reputation may attract money to ! box (fice1 b once ! p are inside ! op]a h\se ! arti/ mu/ really please !m or suff]4 ,"y s+]s %\ld n be l$ to ?9k t any?+ b real wor? is ( any la/+ value4 ,if ! audi5ce does n respond1 d n blame ! audi5ce4 ,x w\ld respond if y c\ld s+ s beautifully t y c\ld compel a response t y "k %\ld foll[ real arti/ic a*ievem5t4 ,don't blame y\r tea*] or y\r lack ( practice or any?+ or anybody b y\rself4 ,! v]dict ( ! audi5ce is bett] ?an ! exam9ation ( a hundr$ s-call$ exp]ts4 ,!re is some?+ ab\t an audi5ce t makes x seem l a great human individual1 :e!r 9 ,naples or 9 ,san ,francisco4 ,if y t\* ! he>t or please ! s5se ( beauty1 ! appetite = lovely music--common to all mank9d--! audi5ce is y\rs1 be x ,italian1 ,fr5*1 ,g]man or ,am]ican4 ,,op]atic ,,prep>ation ,,9 ,,italy ,! ,am]ican /ud5t ) a really good voice & a really f9e vocal & musical tra9+1 w\ld h m opportunities = engagem5ts 9 ! small] ,italian op]a h\ses1 = ! simple reason t !re are m ( ^! op]a h\ses & m ( ^! op]a companies4 ,be> 9 m9d1 h[ev]1 t op]a 9 ,italy dep5ds to a l>ge ext5t ^u ! /&+ ( ! arti/s engag$ to put on ! op]a4 ,9 "s cities ( ! small] size ! municipality makes an appropriation1 :i* s]ves z a gu>antee or subsidy4 ,an impres>io is in=m$ :at op]as ! community desires & :at s+]s4 ,he tries to comply ) ! dem&4 ,(t5 ! city is v small & ! dem& v slightly indicat$ 9 real money4 ,z a result ! p]=mances are comp>atively m$iocre4 ,! ,am]ican /ud5t sometimes fails to secure engagem5ts ) ! big companies & tries to ga9 exp]i5ce 9 ^! small companies4 ,sometimes he succe$s1 b he %\ld rememb] be=e und]tak+ ?is "w t _m native ,italian s+]s ) realty f9e voices are look+ = simil> opportunities & t only a v few /& any *ance ( rea*+ really notewor?y success4 ,,op]a ,,w ,,always ,,be ,,exp5sive ,he %\ld1 ( c\rse1 endeavor to seek engagem5ts ) ! big companies if 8 voice & ability w w>rant x4 ,:]e ! mo/ money is1 !re w be ! sal>i$ arti/s & ! f9e/ op]atic spectacle4 ,t is axiomatic4 ,op]a is exp5sive & w always be exp5sive4 ,! supply ( unusual voices has always be5 limit$ & ! s]vices ( _! possessors h always comm&$ a high rew>d4 ,?is is bas$ ^u an economic law :i* applies to all ?+s 9 life4 ,! "y s+] %\ld realize t1 unless he c rise to ! v top ( 8 pr(ession1 he w be compell$ to enli/ 9 a v]itable army ( s+]s ) little tal5t & less opportunity4 ,"o ?+ exi/s 9 ,italy :i* is v greatly miss$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,ev5 9 small companies 9 ,italy a great deal ( "t is sp5t 9 rehe>sals4 ,9 ,am]ica rehe>sals are trem5d\sly exp5sive & sometimes fir/ p]=mances h suff]$ !reby4 ,9 fact1 ,i d\bt :e!r ! public realizes :at a v exp5sive ?+ op]a is4 ,! public has little opportunity to look beh9d ! sc5es4 ,x sees only ! f9i%$ p]=mance1 :i* runs smoo?ly only :5 a trem5d\s am\nt ( m5tal1 physical & f9ancial oil has be5 p\r$ ^u ! ma*9]y4 ,i (t5 he> m5 say "h 9 ,new ,york1 ,i _h to pay fifty doll>s = my seat to-night4 ,t is absurd--! money is go+ to speculators in/ead ( into ! rightful *annels4 ,?is money is simply lo/ z f> z do+ any s]vice :atev] to art is conc]n$4 ,x does n g into ! op]a h\se treasury to make = bett] p]=mances1 b simply into ! h&s ( "s fell[ :o _h be5 clev] en\gh to deprive ! public ( its j opportunity to pur*ase seats4 ,! public seems to h money en\gh to pay an outrage\s am\nt = seats :5 necess>y4 ,w\ld x n be bett] to d away ) ! speculator at ! door & pay say #aj4jj = a seat t n[ co/s #g4jj8 ,?is w\ld mean m rehe>sals & bett] op]a & no money donat$ to ! undes]v+ horde at ! portals ( ! temple4 ,,! ,,/ud5t',s ,,prep>ation ,i am told t _m p 9 ,am]ica h ! impression t my vocal ability is k9d ( a ,god-giv5 gift2 t is1 some?+ t has come to me )\t ef=t4 ,?is is s v absurd t ,i c h>dly believe t s5sible p w\ld give x a mom5t's cr$5ce4 ,e voice is 9 a s5se ! result ( a developm5t1 & ?is is p>ticul>ly s 9 my own case4 ,! m>ble t comes f ! qu>ries ( ,c>r>a may be v beautiful & :ite & flawless1 b x does n %ape itself into a "w ( art )\t ! h&1 ! he>t1 & ! intellect ( ! sculptor4 ,j to %[ h[ utt]ly ridicul\s ?is popul> op9ion really is1 let me cite ! fact t at ! age ( fifte5 ev]ybody :o he>d me s+ pron\nc$ me a bass4 ,:5 ,i w5t to ,v]g9e ,i /udi$ h>d = f\r ye>s4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ?ree ye>s ! "w 0 = ! mo/ "p m\ld+ & %ap+ ! voice4 ,!n ,i /udi$ rep]toire = "o ye> & made my debut4 ,ev5 ) ! exp]i5ce ,i _h _h at t "t x 0 unreasonable to expect great success at once4 ,i kept work+ h>d & work$ = at lea/ sev5 ye>s m be=e any really m5tionable success came to me4 ,all ! "t ,i _h "o ?+ on my m9d & t 0 nev] to let a day pass )\t see+ "s improvem5t 9 my voice4 ,! disc\ragem5ts 7 frequ5t & bitt]2 b ,i kept on work+ & wait+ until my long await$ opportunities came 9 ,london & 9 ,new ,york4 ,! great ?+ is1 n to /op4 ,d n ?9k t1 because ^! great cities gave me a flatt]+ reception1 my "w ceas$4 ,q on ! contr>y1 ,i kept on work+ & am work+ /ill4 ,e "t ,i g ^u ! /age ,i am endeavor+ to discov] some?+ t w make my art m wor?y ( public acceptance4 ,e act ( ea* op]a is a new lesson4 ,,diff]5t ,,roles ,x is difficult to inve/ a role ) individuality4 ,i h no favorite roles4 ,i h avoid$ ?is1 because ! mom5t "o adopts a favorite role he becomes a speciali/ & ceases to be an arti/4 ,! arti/ does all roles equally well4 ,i h _h ! unique exp]i5ce ( creat+ _m roles 9 op]as su* z ,f$ora1 ,adri5ne1 ,g]mania1 ,girl ( ! ,gold5 ,we/1 ,mas*]a4 ,?is is a spl5did exp]i5ce1 z x always taxes ! inv5tive faculties ( ! s++ actor4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly ! case 9 ! ,italian op]a ( ! new] compos]s1 or r ! compos]s :o h work$ 9 ,italy s9ce ! re=mation ( ,wagn]4 ,:atev] may be said1 ! greate/ influ5ce 9 mod]n ,italian op]a is ,wagn]4 ,ev5 ! great ,v]di 0 induc$ to *ange 8 me?ods 9 ,aida1 ,otello1 & ,fal/aff--all repres5t+ a mu* high] art ?an 8 e>li] op]as4 ,h[ev]1 ,wagn] did no?+ to rob ,italy ( its natural gift ( melody1 ev5 ?\gh he did in/itute a re=m4 ,he also did n influ5ce su* mod]n compos]s z ,pucc9i1 ,mascagni1 & ,leoncavallo to ! ext5t ( m>r+ _! native orig9ality & f]tility4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mme4 ,,julia ,,clauss54 ,,mme4 ,,julia ,,clauss5 ,,biographical ,mme4 ,julia ,clauss5 0 born at ,/ockholm1 ,sw$51 ! l& ( ,j5ny ,l9d & ,nilsson4 ,h] voice is a ri*1 flexible mezzo-soprano1 ) a range t has enabl$ h] to assume "s contralto roles ) m success ?an ! av]age s-call$ contralto4 ,9 h] *ildhood %e /udi$ piano1 b did n und]take ! s]i\s /udy ( voice until %e 0 eighte51 :5 %e became a /ud5t at ! ,royal ,academy ( ,music1 "u ,pr(essor ,lejd/rom 7/udy+ h>mony & !ory "u ! fam\s ,sw$i% compos] ,sjogr574 ,h] debut 0 made at ! ,royal ,op]a1 at ! age ( tw5ty-two1 9 ,la ,favorita1 s++ ! role 9 ,sw$i%4 ,lat] %e w5t to ,b]l91 :]e %e 0 coa*$ 9 ,g]man op]a by ,pr(essor ,fri$ri* at ! ,royal ,high ,s*ool ( ,music4 ,h] ,am]ican debut 0 made 9 #aiab1 9 ,*icago1 :]e %e made an imm$iate success 9 su* roles z ,ortrud1 ,brunnhilde & ,c>m54 ,%e 0 !n engag$ at ,cov5t ,g>d5 & lat] sang at ! ,*amps ,elysee ,!atre1 "u ,nikis*1 9 ,p>is4 ,= two ye>s %e appe>$ at ! ,metropolitan4 ,%e has receiv$ ! r>e di/9ction ( be+ aw>d$ ! ,j5ny ,l9d ,m$al f h] own gov]nm5t & also ( be+ admitt$ to ! ,royal ,academy ( ,sw$51 ! y\nge/ memb] ev] elect$ to t augu/ sci5tific & arti/ic body4 ,%e has also be5 decorat$ by ,k+ ,gu/avus ,v ( ,sw$5 ) ,lit]is et ,artibus4 ,9 ,am]ica %e has made an imm5se success z a conc]t s+]4 ,,mod]n ,,roads ,,to ,,vocal ,,success ,,mme4 ,,julia ,,clauss5 ,,:y ,,sw$5 ,,produces ,,s ,,_m ,,s+]s ,! "q1 ,:y does ,sw$5 produce s _m s+]s8 is (t5 ask$ me4 ,fir/ x is a matt] ( climate1 !n a matt] ( physique1 & la/ly1 because ! ,sw$i% *ildr5 d f> m s++ ?an any "o f9ds 9 _m o!r c\ntries4 ,! air 9 ,sw$5 is v r>efi$1 cle> & exhil>at+4 ,ow+ to frugal liv+ & abundant sy/ematic ex]cise1 ! p become v robu/4 ,?is is n a matt] ( "o g5]ation or s1 b goes back = c5turies4 ,! ,sw$es are a /rong1 en]getic1 ?or\gh race2 & ! same attributes ( indu/ry & precision :i* h made !m fam\s 9 sci5ce are appli$ to ! /udy ( music4 ,! ,sw$i% *ild is made to und]/& t s++ is a ne$ful1 s]i\s "p ( 8 life4 ,8 musical tra9+ beg9s v e>ly 9 ! s*ools1 ) a def9ite s*eme4 ,all s*ools h compet5t1 exp]i5c$ tea*]s ( s++4 ,9 my *ildhood ano!r factor play$ a v important "p4 ,!re 0 nev] ! endless r\nd ( attractions1 toys1 p>ties1 !atres & pa/imes 7to say no?+ ( ! all-consum+ movies74 ,life 0 m tranquil & !re=e ! pursuit ( good music 0 f> m enjoyable4 ,am]ican life moves at a]oplane spe$4 ,! poor little *ildr5 h>dly h "t to brea!1 let alone "t to /udy music4 ,ragtime is ! musical symptom ( ?is ,am]ican crav+ = spe$ & incessant excitem5t4 ,9 a bl>e & confusion ( noises1 l b$lam brok5 loose1 :at *ance has a *ild to develop good ta/e8 ,x is admitt$ly fasc9at+ at times2 b is )\t rhyme1 reason or ord]4 ,i nev] p]mit my *ildr5 to pollute my piano ) x4 ,!y may h x on ! talk+ ma*9e1 b !y mu/ n be accomplices 9 mak+ x4 ,( c\rse1 ?+s h *ang$ 9 ,sw$51 too2 & ,am]ican ragtime1 always contagi\s1 has n[ infect$ all ,europe4 ,?is makes ! music tea*]'s task 9 ?is day f> m difficult ?an =m]ly4 ,i he> my daught]s practic+1 & n[ & !n !y seem to be putt+ a da% ( ragtime into ,ba*4 ,if ,i /op !m ,i f9d t ,ba* is too sl[1 ,i don't l ,ba*6 ,?is is almo/ l say+1 ,i don't l ,rub5s1 ,van ,dyke or ,millet2 please1 tea*]1 give me ,mutt & ,jeff or ! ,katz5jamm] ,kids6 ,am]ican *ildr5 ne$ to be con/antly taught to rev]5ce ! great creators ( ! l&4 ,:y1 ,j5ny ,l9d is look$ ^u z a great national h]o9e 9 ,sw$51 mu* z "o might reg>d ,george ,wa%+ton 9 ,am]ica4 ,be=e ,am]ica c g ab\t musical educational "w prop]ly1 ! tea*]s mu/ inculcate ?is _s1 a prop] appreciation ( :at is really beautiful1 in/ead ( a k9d ( wild1 mob-l orgy ( bl>e1 bang1 sma% & %riek :i* s _m h come to "k z ragtime & jazz4 ,,self-,,criticism ,if "o %\ld ask me :at is ! fir/ consid]ation 9 becom+ a success z a s+]1 ,i %\ld say ! ability to criticise "o's self4 ,9 my own case ,i _h a v compet5t musician z a tea*]4 ,he told me t my voice 0 naturally plac$ & did v little to help place x accord+ to 8 own ideas4 ,p]haps t 0 well = me1 because ,i knew myself :at ,i 0 ab\t4 ,he us$ to say1 ,t s\nds beautiful1 b all ! "t ,i knew t x s\nd$ t]rible4 ,x 0 !n t ,i le>n$ t my e> mu/ be my be/ tea*]4 ,my tea*]1 = in/ance1 told me t ,i w\ld nev] be able to trill4 ,?is 0 v di%e>t5+2 b he really believ$1 accord+ to 8 cons]vative k1 t ,i %\ld nev] succe$ 9 gett+ ! necess>y flexibility4 ,by *ance ,i happ5$ to meet a celebrat$ ,sw$i% s+]1 ,mme4 ,oe/b]g1 ( ! old s*ool4 ,i communicat$ to h] ! disc\rag+ news t ,i c\ld nev] hope to trill4 ,nons5se1 my de>1 %e said1 someone told me t too1 b ,i det]m9$ t ,i 0 go+ to le>n4 ,i did n "k h[ to g ab\t x exactly1 b ,i knew t ) ! prop] pati5ce & w-p[] ,i w\ld succe$4 ,!re=e ,i work$ up to ?ree o'clock "o morn+1 & be=e ,i w5t to b$ ,i 0 able to trill4 ,i decid$ to take ,mme4 ,oe/b]g's advice1 & ,i practic$ = sev]al days until ,i knew t ,i c\ld trill1 & !n ,i w5t back to my tea*] & %[$ him :at ,i c\ld d4 ,he _h to admit x 0 a good trill1 & he c\ldn't und]/& h[ ,i _h s successfully disprov$ 8 !ories by accompli%+ x4 ,x 0 !n t ,i le>n$ t ! s+] c d almo/ any?+ )9 ! limits ( ! voice1 if "o w only "w h>d en\gh4 ,"w is ! great produc]1 & !re is no sub/itute = x4 ,d n ?9k t ,i am ungrateful to my tea*]4 ,he gave me a spl5did musical drill+ 9 all ! /&>d solfeggios1 9 :i* he 0 mo/ precise2 & 9 lat] ye>s ,i said to him1 ,i am n grateful to y = mak+ my voice1 b because y did n spoil x4 ,aft] hav+ sung a great deal & ?\ght introspectively a great deal ab\t ! voice1 "o naturally beg9s to =m a k9d ( philosophy reg>d+ x4 ,( c\rse1 brea?+ ex]cises are ! basis ( all good s++ me?ods1 b x seems to me t s++ tea*]s ask _m ( _! pupils to d _m que] impractical ?+s 9 brea?+1 ?+s t don't "w :5 ! s+] is oblig$ to /& up be=e a big audi5ce & make ev]yone he> )\t /ra9+4 ,if ,i 7 to tea* a "y girl "r at ?is mom5t ,i w\ld simply ask h] to take a deep brea? & note ! expansion at ! wai/ j above ! diaphragm4 ,!n ,i w\ld ask h] to say z _m words z possible ^u t brea?1 at ! same "t hav+ ! muscles adjac5t to ! diaphragm to support ! brea?2 t is1 to su/a9 x & n collapse or try to pu% x up4 ,! trick is to get ! mo/ tone1 n ) ! mo/ brea? b ) ! lea/ brea?1 & especially ! v lea/ possible /ra9 at ! ?roat1 :i* mu/ be kept 9 a float+1 gossam]-l condition all ! "t4 ,i see girls1 :o h be5 to exp5sive tea*]s1 do+ all sorts ( wond]ful cali/h5ics ) ! diaphragm1 ?+s t ,god c]ta9ly did n int5d u to d 9 le>n+ to speak & to s+4 ,any attempt to draw 9 ! front walls ( ! abdom5 or ! int]co/al muscles dur+ s++ mu/ put a k9d ( pneumatic pressure ^u ! brea? /ream1 :i* is sure to con/rict ! ?roat4 ,!re=e1 9 my own s++1 ,i note ! opposite effect4 ,t is1 !re is r a s5sation ( expansion in/ead ( contraction dur+ ! process ( expiration4 ,?is soon becomes v com=table1 relieves ! ?roat ( /ra91 relieves ! tones ( brea?9ess or all idea ( =c+4 ,!re is none ( ! ugly heav+ ( ! *e/ or %\ld]s2 ! body is 9 repose1 & ! s+] has a firm grip ^u ! tone 9 ! "r way4 ,! muscles ( ! front wall ( ! abdom5 & ! muscles betwe5 ! l[] ribs become v /rong & equal to any /ra91 :ile ! ?roat is free4 ,9 ! emission ( ! actual tone itself ,i w\ld advise ! s5sation ( inhal+ at fir/4 ,! beg9n] %\ld bl[ out ! tone4 ,usually in/ead ( hav+ a lovely float+ "*1 ) ! impression ( control1 ! tone />ts ) be+ =c$1 & x always rema9s s4 ,! s+] ov]s+s & has no?+ 9 res]ve4 ,:5 ,i am s++ ,i feel z ?\gh ! f>!r away f ! ?roat1 ! deep] d[n ,i c control ! brea? /ream1 ! bett] & fre] ! tone becomes4 ,fur!rmore1 ,i c s+ ! long1 difficult ,wagn]ian roles1 ) _! trem5d\s dem&s ^u ! vocal organs1 )\t ! lea/ s5sation ( fatigue4 ,"s s+]s1 aft] su* p]=mances1 are all 94 ,no wond] !y lose _! voices :5 !y %\ld be 9 _! prime4 ,= me ! mo/ difficult v[el is ah4 ,! ?roat !n is mo/ op5 & ! brea? /ream mo/ difficult to control prop]ly4 ,!re=e ,i make x a habit to beg9 my practice ) oo1 oh1 ah1 ay1 ee 9 succession4 ,i nev] />t ) su/a9$ tones4 ,?is w\ld give my ?roat "t to /iff54 ,i employ quick1 s(t scales1 always rememb]+ ! basic pr9ciple ( brea? control ,i h m5tion$1 & always z ?\gh inhal+4 ,?is is an example ( :at ,i mean4 ,to avoid %rillness on ! upp] tone ,i take ! highe/ note ) oo & desc5d ) oo4 ,illu/ration3 musical notation3 ,ex4 #a ,! same ?\ght appli$ to an arpeggio w\ld be3 ,illu/ration3 musical notation3 ,ex4 #b ,^! ,i take )9 com=table limits ( my voice1 always rememb]+ t ! lea/ /ra9 is a backw>d /ep4 ,^! ex]cises are tak5 ?r\gh all possible keys4 ,!re c nev] be too mu* practice ( a scale or arpeggio ex]cise4 ,_m s+]s1 ,i "k1 :o wond] :y !y d n succe$1 _c d a good scale1 ! v fir/ ?+ !y %\ld be able to d4 ,e "o %\ld be l p]fect pe>ls on a ?read4 ,,am]ica',s ,,fatal ,,ambition ,"o ( ! great tr\bles 9 ,am]ica is ! irrepressible ambition ( bo? tea*]s & pupils4 ,europe is also n unt+$ ) ?is4 ,tea*]s want to %[ results4 ,"s tea*]s1 ,i am told1 />t 9 ) songs at ! fir/ or second lesson1 ) ! sad k t if !y d n d ?is !y may lose ! pupil to "s tea*] :o w p$dle out songs4 ,aft] f\r or five mon?s ,i 0 giv5 an op]atic aria2 &1 ( c\rse1 ,i sang x4 ,a ye> ( scales1 ex]cises & solfeggios w\ld h be5 f> m "t-sav+4 ,! pupils h too mu* to say ab\t _! education 9 ?is way4 ,! tea*] %\ld be compet5t & !n decide all su* que/ions4 ,am]ican girls d n want ?is4 ,!y expect to /ep f vocal ignorance to a rep]toire ov] night4 ,:5 y /udy voice1 y %\ld /udy n = two ye>s1 b realize y w nev] /op /udy+1 if y wi% to keep y\r voice4 ,l any o!rs1 )\t ex]cise1 ! s++ muscles gr[ weak & ineffici5t4 ,!re are s _m1 _m ?+s to le>n4 ,( c\rse1 my :ole tra9+ 0 t ( ! op]a s+]1 & ,i 0 s*ool$ pr9cipally 9 ! ,wagn]ian roles4 ,) ! com+ ( ! w> ! prejudice aga9/ ! greate/ anti-imp]iali/ 7) ! possible exception ( ,bee?ov57 :i* music ev] has kn[n--! immortal ,wagn]--became s /rong t n until n[ has ! dem& = 8 op]as become s great t !y are be+ resum$ ) wond]ful success4 ,!re=e1 ) ! exception ( a few ,italian & ,fr5* roles1 my op]atic rep]toire w5t begg+4 ,x 0 necess>y = me to ent] ! conc]t field1 z ! managem5t ( ! op]a company ) :i* ,i _h contracts secur$ su* engagem5ts = me4 ,x 0 l />t+ life anew4 ,!re is v little opportunity to %[ "o's individuality 9 op]a4 ,"o mu/ play ! role4 ,!re=e ,i _h to le>n a rep]toire ( songs1 e "o ( :i* requir$ diff]5t treatm5t & diff]5t individuality4 ,) eighte5 memb]s on ! program1 ! s+] has a musical1 m5tal & vocal task :i* devolves entirely ^u h]self )\t ! aid ( *orus1 co-s+]s1 or*e/ra1 co/umes1 sc5]y & ! glam\r ( ! footlights4 ,x 0 ) ! greate/ delight t ,i c\ld fulfill ! dem&s ( ! conc]t plat=m4 ,am]ican musical ta/e is v exact+4 ,! audi5ces use _! imag9ation all ! "t1 & l romantic songs ) an atmosph]ic backgr\nd1 :i* acc\nts = my great success ) songs ( su* type z ,lieurance's ,by ! ,wat]s ( ,m9netonka4 ,"o ( ! greate/ tasks ,i ev] h _h is t ( s++ my roles 9 _m diff]5t languages4 ,i le>n$ "s ( !m fir/ 9 ,sw$i%1 !n 9 ,italian1 !n 9 ,fr5*1 !n 9 ,g]man1 !n 9 ,engli%2 z ,i am oblig$ to re-le>n my ,wagn]ian roles n[4 ,! road to success 9 voice /udy1 l ! road to success 9 ev]y?+ else1 has "o compass :i* %\ld be a consi/5t guide1 & t is common s5se4 ,avoid extremes2 hold fa/ to y\r ideals2 h fai? 9 y\r possibilities1 & "w6 "w66 "w666 ,illu/ration3 ,,*>les ,,dalmores ,,9 ,,mass5et',s ,,h]odiade4 7,c7 ,mi%k94 ,,*>les ,,dalmores ,,biographical ,m4 ,*>les ,dalmores 0 born at ,nancy1 ,france1 ,decemb] #ca/1 #ahga4 ,8 musical education 0 receiv$ at ! ,nancy ,cons]vatoire "u ,pr(essor ,dauph91 & x 0 8 int5tion to become a speciali/ 9 ,fr5* horn4 ,he also play$ ! 'cello4 ,:5 he appli$ to ! ,p>is ,cons]vatoire he 0 refus$ admission to ! s++ c\rse because he 0 too good a musician to wa/e 8 "t ) s++4 ,he became pr(essor ( ,fr5* horn at ! ,lyons ,cons]vatory2 b 8 love = op]a l$ him to /udy by himself until he made 8 debut at ,r\5 9 #ahii4 ,he !n sang at ! ,!atre de la ,monnaie 9 ,brussels1 ,cov5t ,g>d51 ,bayreu?1 ,new ,york1 & ,*icago1 ) ev]-increas+ success4 ,dalmores is a dramatic t5or1 & 8 musician%ip has enabl$ him to take extremely difficult roles ( ! mod]n type & a*ieve real arti/ic triumphs4 ,he is "o ( ! f9e/ examples ( ! self-tra9$ vocali/4 ,,self-,,help ,,9 ,,voice ,,/udy ,,*>les ,,dalmores ,x is always a pleasure to talk ^u self-help & n self-/udy1 because ,i believe mo/ implicitly 9 ! =m] & v mu* d\bt ! efficacy ( ! latt] 9 actual voice /udy4 ,! voice1 ( all ?+s1 dem&s ! assi/ance ( a good tea*]1 al?\gh 9 ! end ! results all come f )9 & n f )\t4 ,t is1 ! voice is an organ ( expression2 & :at we make ( x dep5ds ^u our own ?\ght a ?\s& times m ?an :at we take 9 f ! outside4 ,x is ! tea*] :o /imulates ! "r k9d ( ?9k+ :o is ! be/ tea*]4 ,! tea*] :o seeks to make 8 pupils p>rots r>ely meets ) success4 ,my :ole c>e] is an illu/ration ( ?is1 & :5 ,i ?9k ( ! app>5tly insurm\ntable ob/acles ov] :i* ,i h be5 compell$ to climb ,i _c help feel+ t ! relation ( a few ( my own exp]i5ces 9 ! way ( self-help c\ld n fail to be b5eficial4 ,,at ,,! ,,p>is ,,cons]vatory ,i 0 born at ,nancy on ! #ca/ ( ,decemb]1 #ahga4 ,i gave evid5ces ( hav+ musical tal5t & my musical in/ruction comm5c$ at ! age ( six ye>s4 ,i /udi$ fir/ at ! ,cons]vatory at ,nancy1 int5d+ to make a specialty ( ! viol94 ,!n ,i _h ! mis=tune ( break+ my arm4 ,x 0 decid$ !reaft] t ,i _h bett] /udy ! ,fr5* horn4 ,?is ,i did ) mu* success & attribute my control ( ! brea? at ?is day v l>gely to my elem5t>y /ruggles ) t mo/ difficult ( in/rum5ts4 ,at ! age ( f\rte5 ,i play$ ! second horn at ,nancy4 ,f9ally1 ,i w5t1 ) a purse made up by "s citiz5s ( my home t[n1 to ent] ! great ,cons]vatory at ,p>is4 ,!re ,i /udi$ v h>d & succe$$ 9 w9n+ my goal 9 ! way ( receiv+ ! fir/ prize = play+ ! ,fr5* horn4 ,= a "t ,i play$ "u ,colonne1 & betwe5 ! ages ( sev5te5 & tw5ty-?ree 9 ,p>is ,i play$ ) ! ,lam\reaux ,or*e/ra4 ,all ?is "t ,i _h my he>t set ^u becom+ a s+] & paid p>ticul> att5tion to all ( ! wond]ful or*e/ral works we rehe>s$4 ,! v m5tion ( ! fact t ,i desir$ to become a s+] 0 met ) huge ridicule by my fri5ds1 :o evid5tly ?\ght t x 0 a =m ( fanaticism4 ,= a "t ,i /udi$ ! 'cello & manag$ to acquire a v cr$itable te*nic ^u t in/rum5t4 ,a ,,disc\rag+ ,,prospect ,not)/&+ ! success ,i _h ) ! two in/rum5ts1 ,i 0 confront$ ) ! fact t ,i _h be=e me ! life ( a poor musician4 ,my sal>y 0 l[1 & !re 7 few1 if any1 opportunities to increase x outside ( my regul> "w ) ! or*e/ra4 ,i 0 told t ,i _h great tal5t1 b ?is nev] _h ! effect ( swell+ my pocketbook4 ,9 my milit>y s]vice ,i play$ 9 ! b& ( an infantry regim5t2 & :5 ,i told my companions t ,i aspir$ to be a great s+] "s day !y greet$ my decl>ation ) h[ls ( laught]1 & po9t$ out ! fact t ,i 0 already along 9 ye>s & _h an e/abli%$ pr(ession4 ,at ! s$ate age ( tw5ty-?ree ,i 0 surpris$ to f9d myself appo9t$ ,pr(essor ( ,fr5* ,horn at ! ,cons]vatory ( ,lyons4 ,lyons is ! second city ( ,france f ! /&po9t ( population4 ,x is a busy manufactur+ c5t]1 b is ri* 9 ar*itectural1 natural & hi/orical int]e/2 & ! position _h its advantages1 al?\gh x 0 away f ! great ,fr5* c5t]1 ,p>is4 ,! op]a at ,nancy 0 exce$+ly good1 & ,i _h an opportunity to g (t54 ,s++ & ! op]a 7 my life4 ,my fa!r _h be5 manag] at ,nancy & ,i _h made my fir/ acqua9tance ) ! /age z "o ( ! boys 9 ,c>m54 ,a ,,te/ ,,t ,,fail$ ,i h omitt$ to say t at ,p>is ,i tri$ to ent] ! classes = s++4 ,my voice 0 app>5tly lik$1 b ,i 0 refus$ admission ^u ! basis t ,i 0 too good a musician to wa/e my "t 9 becom+ an inf]ior s+]4 ,goodness graci\s6 ,:]e is musician%ip ne$$ m ?an 9 ! case ( ! s+]8 ,?is amus$ me1 & ,i resolv$ to bide my "t4 ,i play$ 9 op]a or*e/ras :5ev] ,i _h a *ance1 & ?us became acqua9t$ ) ! fam\s roles4 ,"o eye 0 on ! music & ! o!r 0 on ! /age4 ,dur+ ! re/s ,i dreamt ( ! "t :5 ,i might become a s+] l ^? ov] ! footlights4 ,:]e !re is a w !re is usually a way4 ,i taught solfeggio z well z ,fr5* horn 9 ! ,lyons ,cons]vatory4 ,i devis$ all sorts ( home-made ex]cises to improve my voice z ,i ?\ght be/4 ,"s may h done me good1 o!rs probably 7 injuri\s4 ,i li/5$ to s+]s & tri$ to get po9ts f !m4 ,gradually ,i 0 unconsci\sly pav+ ! way = ! great opportunity ( my life4 ,x came 9 ! =m ( an exp]i5c$ tea*]1 ,dauph91 :o _h be5 a basso = t5 ye>s at ! lead+ !atre ( ,belgium1 f\rte5 ye>s 9 ,london1 & lat] director at ,g5eva & ,lyons4 ,he also receiv$ ! appo9tm5t ( ,pr(essor at ! ,lyons ,cons]vatory4 ,a ,,fam\s ,,opportunity ,"o day ,dauph9 he>d me s++ & inquir$ :o ,i 04 ,!n he came 9 ! room & said to me1 ,h[ mu* d y get "h = tea*+ & play+8 ,i repli$1 pr\dly1 six ?\s& francs a ye>4 ,he said1 ,y %all /udy ) me & "s day y %all e>n z mu* z six ?\s& francs a mon?4 ,dauph91 bless 8 s\l1 0 wrong4 ,i n[ e>n six ?\s& francs e night ,i s+ in/ead ( e mon?4 ,i c\ld h>dly believe t ! opportunity ,i _h wait$ = s long _h come4 ,dauph9 _h me come to 8 h\se & !re he told me t my success 9 s++ w\ld dep5d q z mu* ^u my own indu/ry z ^u 8 in/ruction4 ,?us "o pr(essor 9 ! cons]vatory taught ano!r 9 ! art he _h long s\ght to ma/]4 ,not)/&+ ,dauph9's confid5ce 9 me1 all ( ! o!r pr(essors ?\ght t ,i 0 do+ a p]fectly insane ?+1 & did all 9 _! p[] to prev5t me f go+ to :at !y ?\ght 0 my ru94 ,,disc\rag+ ,,advice ,nev]!less1 ,i det]m9$ to %[ !m t !y 7 all mi/ak54 ,dur+ ! fir/ w9t] ,i /udi$ no less ?an six op]as1 at ! same "t tak+ v>i\s ex]cises to improve my voice4 ,dur+ ! second w9t] ,i ma/]$ "o op]a e mon?1 & at ! same "t did all my regul> "w--/udy+ 9 my sp>e h\rs4 ,at ! end ( my c\rse ,i pass$ ! cu/om>y exam9ation1 receiv+ ! lea/ possible di/9ction f my colleagues :o 7 /ill conv9c$ t ,i 0 pursu+ a c\rse t w\ld end 9 complete failure4 ,?is br\ght home ! tru? t if ,i 0 to get ahead at all ,i w\ld h to dep5d entirely ^u myself4 ,! outlook 0 c]ta9ly n propiti\s4 ,nev]!less ,i /udi$ by myself incessantly & disreg>d$ ! rem>ks ( my pessimi/ic advis]s4 ,i sang 9 a *ur* & also 9 a big synagogue to keep up my income4 ,all ! "t ,i _h to put up ) ! s>casm ( my colleagues :o seem$ to ?9k1 l _m o!rs1 t ! call+ ( ! s+] 0 "o dem&+ little musician%ip1 & tri$ to make me see t 9 giv+ up ! ,fr5* horn & my cons]vatory pr(essor%ip ,i w\ld be ab&on+ a dignifi$ c>e] = t ( a species ( musician :o at t "t 0 n suppos$ to dem& any special musical tra9+4 ,c\ld n a %oemak] or a blacksmi? take a few lessons & become a great s+]8 ,i1 h[ev]1 det]m9$ to become a diff]5t k9d ( a s+]4 ,i believ$ t !re 0 a place = ! s+] ) a ?or\gh musical tra9+1 & :ile ,i kept up my vocal "w amid ! ra9 ( irony & d]ogatory rem>ks f my mi/ak5 colleagues1 ,i did n fail to keep up my int]e/ 9 ! deep] musical /udies4 ,i _h a feel+ t ! m good music ,i knew ! bett] w\ld be my "w 9 op]a4 ,i wi% t all s+]s c\ld see ?is4 ,_m s+]s live 9 a little _w all ( _! own4 ,!y "k ! music ( ! footlights1 b !re _! exp]i5ce ends4 ,e symphony ,i h play$ has be5 mold$ into my life exp]i5ce 9 su* a way t x _c help be+ reflect$ 9 my "w4 ,a ,,critical ,,mom5t ,f9ally ! "t came = my debut 9 #ahii4 ,x 0 a mo/ s]i\s occasion = me2 = ! re/ ( my c>e] z a s+] dep5d$ ^u x4 ,x 0 9 ,r\51 & my fee 0 to be fifte5 hundr$ francs a mon?4 ,i ?\ght t t w\ld make me ! ri*e/ man 9 ! _w4 ,x 0 ! cu/om ( ! t[n = ! capta9 ( ! police to come be=e ! audi5ce at ! end & inquire :e!r ! audi5ce approv$ ( ! arti/'s s++ or :e!r _! vocal ef=ts 7 unsatisfactory4 ,?is 0 to be det]m9$ by a public demon/ration4 ,:5 ! capta9 held up ! sign ,approv$1 ,i felt z ?\gh ! greate/ mom5t 9 my life _h arriv$4 ,i _h work$ s long & s h>d = success & _h be5 oblig$ to laugh d[n s mu* scorn t y c imag9e my feel+s4 ,sudd5ly a great volume ( applause came f ! h\se & ,i knew 9 a second :at my future %\ld be4 ,!n x 0 t ,i realiz$ t ,i 0 only a little way along my j\rney4 ,i want$ to be ! =emo/ ,fr5* t5or ( my "t4 ,i knew t success 9 ,france alone1 :ile gratify+1 w\ld be limit$1 s ,i set out to conqu] new worlds4 ,wagn]1 up to t "t1 _h nev] be5 sung by any ,fr5* t5or1 s ,i det]m9$ to ma/] ,g]man & become a ,wagn] s+]4 ,?is ,i did1 & x fell to me to receive t mo/ covet$ ( ,wagn]ian di/9ctions1 soloi/ at ,beyreu?1 ! citadel ( ! highe/ 9 ,g]man op]atic art4 ,9 aft] ye>s ,i sang 9 all p>ts ( ,g]many ) z mu* success z 9 ,france4 ,lat] ,i w5t to ,london & !n to ,am]ica1 :]e ,i sang = _m seasons4 ,x has be5 no small pleasure = me to return to ,p>is1 :]e ,i once liv$ 9 p5ury1 & to receive ! highe/ fee ev] paid to a ,fr5* s+] 9 ! ,fr5* capital4 ,,! ,,ne$ ,,= ,,great ,,c>e ,i don't "k :at m ,i c say ^u ! subject ( self-help = ! s+]4 ,i h simply told my own /ory & h relat$ "s ( ! ob/acles t ,i h ov]come4 ,i tru/ t no "o :o has n a voice really wor? :ile w be misl$ by :at ,i h _h to say4 ,! voice is "o ( ! mo/ intricate & wond]ful ( ! human organs4 ,prop]ly ex]cis$ & c>$ =1 x may be develop$ to a rem>kable degree2 b !re are cases1 ( c\rse1 :]e !re is n en\gh voice at ! />t to w>rant ! aspirant mak+ ! sacrifices t ,i h made to rea* my goal4 ,?is is a v s]i\s matt] & "o :i* %\ld be det]m9$ by responsible judges4 ,at ! same "t1 ! s+]s may see h[ possible x is = ev5 exp]i5c$ musicians1 l my colleagues 9 ,lyons1 to be mi/ak54 ,if ,i _h dep5d$ ^u !m & n f\ght my own way out1 ,i w\ld probably be an obscure tea*] 9 ! same old city e>n+ ! munific5t sal>y ( "o hundr$ doll>s a mon?4 ,,fight+ ,,y\r ,,own ,,way ,! /ud5t :o has to fight 8 own way has a mu* h>d] battle ( x2 b he has a satisfaction :i* c]ta9ly does n come to ! "o :o has all 8 in/ruction fees & liv+ exp5ses paid = him4 ,he feels t he has e>n$ 8 success2 &1 by ! processes ( exploration ?r\gh :i* ! self-help /ud5t mu/ inv>iably pass1 he becomes inve/$ ) a confid5ce & ,i "k feel+ :i* is a great asset to him4 ,! ma9 ?+ is = him to keep busy all ! "t4 ,he has n a m9ute to sp>e ^u dream+4 ,he has no "o to c>ry 8 burd5 b himself2 & ! ex]cise ( c>ry+ x himself is ! ?+ :i* w d mo/ to make him /rong & successful4 ,! arti/s :o leap into success are v r>e4 ,hundr$s :o h held m$iocre positions come to ! front1 :ile ^? :o appe> mo/ favor$ /ay 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,d n seek to ga9 em95ce by any influ5ce b t ( real e>ne/ "w2 & if y d n int5d to "w & to "w h>d1 drop all ( y\r aspirations = op]atic laurels4 ,illu/ration3 ,,&reas ,,dippel4 7,c7 ,dupont4 ,,&reas ,,dippel ,,biographical ,&reas ,dippel 0 born at ,cassel1 #ahff4 ,8 fa!r 0 a manufactur] :o _h ! boy educat$ at ! local gymnasium1 ) ! view to mak+ him a bank]4 ,aft] five ye>s 9 a bank+ h\se he decid$ to become a s+] & /udi$ ) ,mme4 ,zottmayr4 ,lat] he w5t to ,b]l91 ,milan & ,vi5na1 :]e he /udi$ ) ,julius ,hey1 ,alb]to ,leoni & ,johann ,ress4 ,9 #ahhg he made 8 debut at ,brem51 9 ,! ,fly+ ,dut*man4 ,he rema9$ ) t company until #ahib4 ,9 ! meantime1 h[ev]1 he _h appe>$ at ! ,metropolitan 9 ,new ,york1 ) su* success t he t\r$ ,am]ica z a conc]t s+] ) ,anton ,seidl1 ,ar?ur ,nikis*1 & ,!odore ,?omas4 ,f #ahic to #ahih he 0 a memb] ( ! ,imp]ial ,c\rt ,op]a at ,vi5na4 ,9 #ahih he return$ to ,am]ica to ! ,metropolitan4 ,9 #aijh he 0 appo9t$ adm9i/rative manag] ( ! ,metropolitan ,company1 lat] becom+ ! manag] ( ! ,philadelphia-,*icago ,op]a ,company4 ,mr4 ,dippel is a f9e dramatic t5or ) ! enorm\s rep]toire ( #aej works 9 f\r diff]5t languages4 ,he is a f9e actor & has be5 equally successful 9 ,new ,york1 ,london1 & ,beyreu?4 ,he also has a rep]toire ( #fj oratorios4 ,,if ,,my ,,daught] ,,%\ld ,,/udy ,,= ,,gr& ,,op]a ,,&reas ,,dippel ,! tra9+ ( ! girl design$ to become a great prima donna is "o ( ! mo/ complex problems imag9able4 ,y ask me to consid] ! case ( an imag9>y daught] design$ = ! c>e] 9 ord] to make my op9ions seem m p]t95t4 ,v well4 ,if my daught] 7 /udy+ = gr& op]a1 & if %e 7 a v little girl1 ,i %\ld fir/ wat* h] v c>efully to see :e!r %e manife/$ any uncontrollable desire or ambition to become a great s+]4 ,)\t su* a desire %e w nev] become great4 ,usually ?is ambition becomes evid5t at a v e>ly age4 ,!n ,i %\ld realize t ! m]e desire to become a great s+] is only an inf9itesimal "p ( ! actual requirem5ts4 ,%e mu/ h1 fir/ ( all1 f9e heal?1 abundant vitality & an arti/ic temp]am5t4 ,%e mu/ %[ signs ( be+ indu/ri\s4 ,%e %\ld h ! pati5ce to wait until real results c be accompli%$4 ,9 fact1 !re are s _m attributes t x is difficult to enum]ate !m all4 ,b !y are all wor? consid]+ s]i\sly4 ,:y8 ,simply because1 if !y are n consid]$1 %e may be oblig$ to sp5d ye>s ( labor = :i* %e w receive no return except ! mo/ bitt] disappo9tm5t conceivable4 ,( ! ?\s&s ( girls :o /udy to become prima donnas only a v few c succe$1 f ! nature ( ?+s4 ,! o!rs ei!r ab&on _! ambitions or assume less] roles f little p>ts d[n to ! *orus4 ,y w notice t ,i h said b little ab\t h] voice4 ,dur+ h] *ildhood !re is v little means ( judg+ ( ! voice4 ,"s girls' voices t seem v promis+ :5 !y are *ildr5 turn out 9 a mo/ disappo9t+ mann]4 ,s y see ,i w\ld be oblig$ to consid] ! o!r qualifications be=e ,i ev5 ?\ght ( ! voice4 ,( c\rse1 if ! *ild %[$ no incl9ation = music or did n h ! ability to hold a tune1 ,i %\ld assume t %e 0 "o ( ^? frequ5t freaks ( nature :i* no am\nt ( musical tra9+ c save4 ,above all ?+s ,i %\ld n attempt to =ce h] to take up a c>e] aga9/ h] own natural incl9ations or gifts4 ,! design+ "m :o desires to h h] own ambitions realiz$ 9 h] daught] is ! bane ( e impres>io4 ,) a w p[] wor?y ( a ,bism>ck %e maps out a c>e] = ! "y lady & !n attempts to =ce ! *ild ?r\gh :at %e believes to be ! prop] *annels lead+ to op]atic success4 ,%e realizes t great s+]s a*ieve fame & weal? & %e longs to ta/e ( ^!4 ,x is ?is1 r ?an any p>ticul> love = h] *ild1 t prompts h] to fight all ob/acles4 ,no am\nt ( advice or p]suasion c make h] believe t h] *ild _c become ano!r ,tetrazz9i1 or ,g>d51 or ,s*umann-,he9k1 if only ! impres>io w give h] a *ance4 ,9 n9e cases out ( t5 ,fate & ,nature h a conspiracy to keep ! p>ticul> "y lady 9 ! role ( a /5ograph] or a dressmak]2 & 9 ! battle ) ,fate & ,nature ev5 ! mo/ ambiti\s "m mu/ be defeat$4 ,,h] ,,v ,,e>ly ,,tra9+ ,once det]m9$ t %e /ood a fair *ance ( success 9 ! op]atic field ,i %\ld take ! greate/ possible c>e ( h] heal?1 bo? physically & intellectually4 ,note t ,i lay p>ticul> /ress ^u h] physical tra9+4 ,x is mo/ important1 z no "o b ! exp]i5c$ s+] c =m any idea ( :at dem&s are made ^u ! endurance & /r5g? ( ! op]a s+]4 ,h] g5]al education %\ld be conduct$ ^u ! mo/ approv$ l9es4 ,any?+ :i* w develop & exp& ! m9d w be useful to h] 9 lat] life4 ,! lat] op]atic roles make f> great] dem&s ^u ! m5tality ( ! s+] ?an ^? ( o!r days4 ,! s+] is no long] a p>rot ) little or no?+ to d b come be=e ! footlights & s+ a few beautiful tones to a few ge/iculations4 ,%e is expect$ to act & to und]/& :at %e is act+4 ,i w\ld lay great /ress ^u hi/ory--! hi/ory ( all nations--%e %\ld /udy ! mann]s1 ! dress1 ! cu/oms1 ! traditions1 & ! ?\ght ( diff]5t epo*s4 ,9 ord] to be at home 9 ,pelleas & ,melis&e1 or ,tri/an und ,isolde1 or ,la ,boheme %e mu/ h acqua9t$ h] m9d ) ! hi/orical conditions ( ! "t indicat$ by ! compos] & libretti/4 ,,h] ,,fir/ ,,musical ,,tra9+ ,h] fir/ musical tra9+ %\ld be musical4 ,t is1 %e %\ld be taught h[ to li/5 to beautiful music be=e %e ev] he>s ! ^w te*nic4 ,%e %\ld be taught sight read+1 & %e ought to be able to read any melody z easily z %e w\ld read a book4 ,! e>li] ?is /udy is comm5c$ ) ! really musical *ild1 ! bett]4 ,be=e x is ( any real value to ! s+] h] sight read+ %\ld become second nature4 ,%e %\ld h lo/ all idea ( ! te*nic ( ! art & read ) ease & naturalness4 ,?is is ( imm5se assi/ance4 ,!n %e %\ld /udy ! piano ?or\ghly4 ,! piano is ! door to ! music ( ! op]a4 ,! s+] :o is dep5d5t ^u "s assi/ant to play ov] ! piano scores is un=tunate4 ,x is n really necess>y = h] to le>n any ( ! o!r in/rum5ts2 b %e %\ld be able to play readily & correctly4 ,x w help h] 9 le>n+ scores1 m ?an any?+ else4 ,x w also op5 ! door to mu* o!r beautiful music :i* w elevate h] ta/e & ennoble h] ideals4 ,%e %\ld g to ! op]a z frequ5tly z possible 9 ord] t %e may become acqua9t$ ) ! great roles intuitively4 ,if %e _c att5d ! op]a itself %e c at lea/ ga9 an idea ( ! great op]atic music ?r\gh ! talk+ ma*9es4 ,! rep]tory ( records is n[ v l>ge1 b ( c\rse does n include all ( ! music ( all ( ! sc5es4 ,%e %\ld be taught ! musical traditions ( ! diff]5t hi/orical musical epo*s & ! diff]5t s-call$ music s*ools4 ,fir/ %e %\ld /udy musical hi/ory itself & !n become acqua9t$ ) ! music ( ! diff]5t p]iods4 ,! /udy ( ! viol9 is also an advantage 9 tra9+ ! e> to li/5 = correct intonation2 b ! viol9 is by no means absolutely necess>y4 ,,languages ,all educators recognize ! fact t languages are atta9$ be/ 9 *ildhood4 ,! *ild's p[] ( mimicry is s wond]ful t x acquires a =eign language q )\t any sugge/ion ( acc5t1 9 a "t :i* w always put _! eld]s to %ame4 ,=eign *ildr51 :o come to ,am]ica be=e ! age ( t51 speak bo? !n-native tongue & ,engli% ) equal flu5cy4 ,! fir/ new language to be tak5 up %\ld be ,italian4 ,prop]ly spok51 !re is no language s melliflu\s z ,italian4 ,! beautiful quantitative value giv5 to ! v[els--! natural que/ = euphony & ! necessity = accurate pronunciation ( ! la/ syllable ( a ^w 9 ord] to make ! grammatical s5se und]/&able--is a tra9+ = bo? ! e> & ! voice4 ,italy is ! l& ( song2 & mo/ ( ! conductors give _! directions 9 ,italian4 ,n only ! usual musical t]ms1 b also ! o!r directions are d5ot$ 9 ,italian by ! or*e/ral conductors2 & if ! s+] does n und]/& %e mu/ suff] accord+ly4 ,aft] ! /udy ( ,italian ,i w\ld recomm5d1 9 ord]1 ,fr5* & ,g]man4 ,if my daught] 7 /udy+ = op]a1 ,i %\ld c]ta9ly leave no?+ undone until %e _h ma/]$ ,italian1 ,fr5*1 ,g]man & ,engli%4 ,al?\gh %e w\ld n h _m opportunities to s+ 9 ,engli%1 "u pres5t op]atic conditions1 ! ,engli%-speak+ p 9 ,am]ica1 ,great ,brita91 ,canada1 ,s\? ,africa1 & ,au/ralia are great patrons ( musical art2 & ! arti/ mu/ ( c\rse travel 9 "s ( ^! c\ntries4 ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,voice ,,itself ,h] actual voice /udy %\ld n comm5ce be=e %e is sev5te5 or eighte5 ye>s ( age4 ,9 ! h&s ( a v skill$ & exp]i5c$ tea*] x might comm5ce a little e>li]2 b x is bett] to wait until h] heal? becomes m settl$ & h] mature /r5g? develops4 ,at fir/ ! greate/ c>e mu/ be tak54 ,! tea*] has at be/ a delicate fl[] :i* a little neglect or a little ov] tra9+ may de=m or ev5 kill4 ,i c n discuss me?ods1 z t is n p]t95t to ?is conf]5ce4 ,!re is no "o absolutely "r way2 & _m fam\s s+]s h travel$ :at seem q diff]5t roads to rea* ! same end4 ,h[ev]1 x is a hi/oric fact t few great s+]s h ev] acquir$ voices :i* h _h beautiful quality1 p]fect flexibility & reliability1 :o h n sung = "s ye>s 9 ! old ,italian /yle4 ,m9d y1 ,i am n ref]r+ to an old ,italian s*ool ( s++ "h1 b m to t class ( music adopt$ by ! old ,italian compos]s--a /yle :i* p]mitt$ few vocal blemi%es to g by unnotic$4 ,mo/ ( ! great ,wagn]ian s+]s h be5 pr(ici5t 9 coloratura roles be=e !y und]took ! m complicat$ p>ts ( ! great ma/] at ,beyreu?4 ,x is bett] to leave ! /udy ( rep]toire until lat] ye>s2 t is1 until ! /udy ( voice has be5 pursu$ = a suffici5t "t to insure regul> progress 9 ! /udy ( rep]toire4 ,p]sonally1 ,i am oppos$ to ^? me?ods :i* take ! /ud5t directly to ! /udy ( rep]toire )\t any previ\s vocal drill4 ,! voice1 to be valuable to ! s+]1 mu/ be able to /& ! we> & te> ( _m seasons4 ,x is (t5 "s ye>s be=e ! "y s+] is able to a*ieve real success & ! pr(its come ) ! lat] ye>s4 ,a voice t is n c>efully drill$ & tra9$1 s t ! s+] kn[s h[ to get ! mo/ out ( x1 ) ! lea/ /ra9 & ! lea/ exp5diture ( ef=t1 w n /& ! we> & te> ( _m ye>s ( op]a life4 ,aft] all1 ! /udy ( rep]toire is ! easie/ ?+4 ,gett+ ! voice prop]ly tra9$ is ! difficult ?+4 ,9 ! /udy ( rep]toire ! s+] (t5 makes ! mi/ake ( leap+ "r into ! m difficult roles4 ,%e %\ld />t ) ! simpl] roles2 su* z ^? ( "s ( ! less] p>ts 9 ! old ,italian op]as4 ,!n1 %e may essay ! lead+ roles (1 let u say1 ,traviata1 ,b>b] ( ,seville1 ,norma1 ,fau/1 ,romeo & ,juliet1 & ,c>m54 ,in/ead ( simple roles1 %e seems incl9$ to sp5d h] "t ^u ,isolde1 ,mimi1 ,elsa or ,butt]fly4 ,x has become s1 t n[1 :5 a new s+] comes to me & wants to s+ ,tosca or "s role t 7sic7 ! s-call$ new or v]issimo ,italian s*ool1 ,i almo/ inv>iably refuse to li/54 ,i ask !m to s+ some?+ f ,norma or ,puritani or ,d9orah or ,lucia 9 :i* x is impossible = !m to conceal _! vocal faults4 ,b no1 !y want to s+ ! big aria f ! second act ( ,madama ,butt]fly1 :i* is h>dly to be call$ an aria at all b r a collection ( dramatic phrases4 ,:5 !y are done1 ,i ask !m to s+ "s ( ! op5+ phrases f ! same role1 & ere long !y discov] t !y really h no?+ :i* an impres>io c pur*ase4 ,!y are )\t ! voice & )\t ! complete k ( ! p>ts :i* !y desire to s+4 ,!n !y discov] t ! impres>io kn[s t ! tell-tale pieces are ! old arias f old ,italian op]as4 ,!y reveal ! voice 9 its entirety4 ,if ! brea? control is n "r1 x becomes evid5t at once4 ,if ! quality is n "r1 x becomes z pla9 z ! features ( ! "y lady's face4 ,!re is no dramatic--emotional--curta9 "u :i* to hide ^! %ortcom+s4 ,consequ5tly1 kn[+ :at ,i d1 ,i w\ld insi/ ^u my daught] hav+ a ?or\gh tra9+ 9 ! old ,italian arias4 ,,h] ,,tra9+ ,,9 ,,act+ ,h] tra9+ 9 act+ w\ld dep5d l>gely ^u h] natural tal5t4 ,"s *ildr5 are born actors--natural mimics4 ,!y act f _! *ildhood "r up to old age4 ,!y c le>n m 9 five m9utes ?an o!rs c le>n 9 ye>s4 ,"s seem to require little or no tra9+ 9 ! art ( act+4 ,z a rule !y become ! mo/ =ceful act+ s+]s4 ,o!rs improve wond]fully "u ! direction ( a clev] tea*]4 ,! new s*ool ( op]a dem&s high] hi/rionic ability f ! s+]4 ,9 fact1 we h come to a "t :5 op]a is a real drama set to music :i* is l>gely recitative & :i* does n di/ract f ! action ( ! drama4 ,! librettos ( o!r days 71 to say ! lea/1 ridicul\s4 ,if ! music _h n _h a m>vel\s hold ^u ! p !y c\ld n h rema9$ 9 popul> favor4 ,to my m9d x is an indication ( ! wond]ful p[] ( music t ^! op]as reta9 _! favor4 ,!re is some?+ ab\t ! melodies :i* seems to pres]ve !m = all "t2 & ! public is j z anxi\s to he> !m to-day z x 0 tw5ty-five & fifty ye>s ago4 ,ri*>d ,wagn] turn$ ! tide ( act+ 9 op]a by 8 music dramas4 ,gluck & von ,web] _h already made an ef=t 9 ! "r direction2 b x rema9$ = ! mighty p[] ( ,wagn] to accompli% ! f9al "w4 ,n[ we are witness+ ! rise ( a s*ool ( musical dramatic actors su* z ,g>d51 ,maurel1 ,r5aud1 & o!rs :i* promises to raise ! public ta/e 9 ?is matt] & :i* w add va/ly to ! pleasure ( op]a go+1 z x w make ! illusion appe> m real4 ,?is also imposes ^u ! impres>io a new cont+5cy :i* ?reat5s to make op]a m & m exp5sive4 ,co/umes1 sc5]y & all ! sett+s n[adays mu/ be bo? hi/orically au!ntic & co/ly4 ,! collection ( wigs1 robes1 & armor1 toge!r ) a few sets ( sc5]y1 (t5 ) ! *airs & o!r furniture actually pa9t$ on ! sc5es1 :i* a few ye>s ago 7 ?\ght adequate = ! equipm5t ( an op]a company1 h n[ giv5 way to equipm5t m elaborate ?an t ( a ,belasco or a ,h5ry ,irv+4 ,no?+ is left undone to make ! picture real & beautiful4 ,9 fact op]atic productions1 z n[ giv5 9 ,am]ica1 are z complete & luxuri\s z any p]=mances giv5 any:]e 9 ! _w4 ,,mme4 ,,emma ,,eames ,,biographical ,mme4 ,emma ,eames 0 born at ,%anghai1 ,*9a4 ,h] fa!r1 a graduate ( ,h>v>d ,law ,s*ool1 _h be5 a sea-capta9 & _h be5 9 bus9ess 9 ! ,*9ese city4 ,at ! age ( five %e 0 br\ght back to ! home ( h] p>5ts at ,ba?1 ,ma9e4 ,h] "m 0 an accompli%$ amateur s+] :o sup]vis$ h] e>ly musical tra9+4 ,at sixte5 %e w5t to ,bo/on to /udy ) ,miss ,mung]4 ,at n9ete5 %e became a pupil ( ,m>*esi 9 ,p>is & rema9$ ) ! celebrat$ tea*] = two ye>s4 ,at tw5ty-"o %e made h] debut at ! ,gr& ,op]a 9 ,p>is 9 ,romeo et ,juliette4 ,two ye>s lat] %e appe>$ at ,cov5t ,g>d51 ,london1 ) su* success t %e 0 imm$iately engag$ = ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se 9 ,new ,york4 ,few s+]s ev] ga9$ su* a /rong hold ^u ! ,am]ican & ,engli% public4 ,h] voice is a f9e flexible soprano1 capable ( do+ ,m>gu]ite or ,elisabe? equally well4 ,h] husb&1 ,emilio de ,gogorza1 ) :om x is our privilege to pres5t a conf]5ce lat] 9 ?is book1 is "o ( ! =emo/ b>itones ( our "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mme4 ,,emma ,,eames4 ,,h[ ,a ,,great ,,ma/] ,,coa*$ ,,op]a ,,s+]s ,,mme4 ,,emma ,,eames ,,g\nod ,,an ,,ideali/ ,"o does n ne$ to review ! works ( ,*>les ,g\nod to any great ext5t be=e discov]+ t above all ?+s he 0 an ideali/4 ,8 :ole aspect ( life & art 0 t ( a man imbu$ ) a s5se ( ! beautiful & a long+ to actualize "s noble art purpose4 ,he 0 ( an age ( ideali/s4 ,com+ at ! artificial p]iod ( ! ,second ,empire1 he 0 influ5c$ by t arti/ic atmosph]e1 z 7 su* ma/]s ( ! bru% z ,jean ,augu/ ,+res & ,eug5e ,delacroix4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 unconsci\s1 & 9 no way affect$ 8 p]fect s9c]ity 9 all he did4 ,,fir/ ,,meet+ ,,) ,,g\nod ,i 0 tak5 to ,g\nod by my ma/]1 ,mme4 ,ma?ilde ,m>*esi1 :o1 p]haps1 _h "s reason to regret h] k9dness 9 introduc+ me1 s9ce ,g\nod did n favor :at he conceiv$ z ! ,italian me?od ( s++4 ,he _h a feel+ t ! ,italian s*ool1 z he reg>d$ x1 0 too obvi\s1 & t ,fr5* ta/e dem&$ m s9c]ity1 m subtlety1 bett] balance & a c]ta9 f9esse :i* ! purely vocal ,italian /yle slightly obscur$4 ,mme4 ,m>*esi 0 v irate ov] ,g\nod's attitude1 :i* %e consid]$ highly insult+2 :]eas1 z a matt] ( fact1 ,g\nod 0 do+ ! only ?+ t a man ( 8 convictions c\ld d1 & t 0 to tell :at he conceiv$ z ! tru?4 ,g\nod's /udy 0 a room :i* fitt$ 8 "* p]fectly4 ,8 v pron\nc$ religi\s t5d5cies 7 m>k$ by ! /a9$ glass w9d[s :i* ca/ a delicate gold5 t9t ov] ! little piano he occasionally us$ :5 compos+4 ,on "o side 0 a pipe organ ^u :i* he 0 v fond ( play+4 ,9 fact1 ! :ole atmosph]e 0 t ( a *apel1 :i*1 toge!r ) ! beautiful & dignifi$ appe>ance ( ! ma/] himself1 made an impression t "o c\ld n =get4 ,8 great s9c]ity1 8 l(ty aims1 8 wond]ful e>ne/ness1 8 dramatic int5sity1 7 app>5t at once4 ,_m compos]s are hopelessly disappo9t+ 9 _! appe>ance1 b :5 "o saw ,g\nod1 x 0 easy to realize :5ce come ! beautiful musical colors :i* make ,romeo et ,juliette1 ,fau/ & ,! ,r$emption s ri* & individual4 ,8 :ole arti/ic "* is reveal$ 9 a spl5did ^w ( advice he gave to me :5 ,i fir/ w5t to him3 ,anyone :o is call$ to any =m ( musical expression mu/ reveal himself only 9 ! language t ,god has giv5 him to speak )4 ,f9d ?is language y\rself & try1 above all ?+s1 to be s9c]e--nev] s++ d[n to y\r public4 ,g\nod _h a wond]ful p[] ( compell+ att5tion4 ,:ile "o 0 ) him 8 p]sonality 0 s great t x seem$ to envelop y1 oblit]at+ ev]y?+ else4 ,?is c be attribut$ n only to magnetism or hypnotism1 b also to 8 own int5se1 all-burn+ int]e/ 9 :atev] he 0 engag$ ^u4 ,naturally ! relation%ip ( tea*] & pupil is diff]5t f t ( comrade%ip1 b ,i 0 impress$ t ,g\nod1 ev5 9 mom5ts ( app>5t repose1 nev] seem$ to lose t wond]ful =ce :i* virtually consum$ ! entire att5tion ( all ^? :o 7 9 8 pres5ce4 ,he _h rem>kable gifts 9 pa9t+ ^w-pictures4 ,8 imag9ation 0 s vigor\s t he c\ld make "o feel t :i* he saw 9 8 m9d's eye z actually pres5t4 ,i attribute ?is to ! fact t he himself 0 possess$ by ! subject at h& & spoke f ! f\nta9s ( 8 deepe/ conviction4 ,fir/ he made y see & !n he made y express4 ,he taught "o t to conv9ce o!rs "o mu/ fir/ be conv9c$4 ,inde$1 he all[$ a great v>iety ( int]pretations 9 ord] t "o might int]pret ?r\gh "o's own p[] ( conception r ?an ?r\gh foll[+ bl9dly 8 own4 ,dur+ my lessons ) ,g\nod he reveal$ n only 8 v pron\nc$ hi/rionic ability1 b also 8 *>m+ tal5t z a s+]4 ,i _h an accompani/ :o came ) me to ! lessons & :5 ,i 0 le>n+ ! v>i\s roles1 ,g\nod always sang ! duets ) me4 ,al?\gh he 0 well along 9 ye>s1 he _h a small t5or voice1 exquisitely sweet & sympa!tic4 ,he sang ) delightful ease & ) inv>iably p]fect diction1 & p]fect vision4 ,if "s ( our critics ( musical p]=mances 7 m famili> ) ! niceties ( pronunciation & acc5tuation ( diff]5t =eign languages1 _m ( our pres5t-day s+]s w\ld be call$ ^u to suff] "s v sev]e criticisms4 ,i speak ( ?is because ,g\nod 0 mo/ insi/5t ^u correct pronunciation & acc5t1 s t ! full mean+ ( ! words might be convey$ to e memb] ( ! audi5ce4 ,a ,,he>+ ,,at ,,! ,,op]a ,:5 ,i w5t to ! op]a = my he>+ or audition1 ,g\nod w5t ) me & we sang ! duets toge!r4 ,! director1 ,m4 ,gailh>d1 refus$ my application1 claim+ t ,i 0 a debutante & c\ld n expect an initial p]=mance at ! ,gr& ,op]a despite my ability & musical atta9m5ts4 ,x may be int]e/+ = aspir+ vocal /ud5ts to le>n some?+ ( ! v>i\s ob/acles :i* /ill /& 9 ! way ( a s+]1 ev5 aft] "o has _h a v ?or\gh tra9+ & acquir$ pr(ici5cy :i* %\ld compel a he>+4 ,alas6 9 op]a1 z 9 _m o!r l9es ( human endeavor1 !re is a political backgr\nd t is (t5 black ) intrigue & ma*9ations4 ,i 0 det]m9$ to fight my way on ! m]it ( my art1 & accord+ly ,i 0 oblig$ to wait = ne>ly two ye>s be=e ,i 0 able to make my debut4 ,^! 7 ye>s fill$ ) _m exasp]at+ circum/ances4 ,i w5t to ,brussels aft] two ye>s' /udy ) ,m>*esi1 hav+ be5 promis$ my debut !re4 ,i 0 kept = mon?s await+ x & 0 f9ally prev5t$ f mak+ an appe>ance by "o :o1 pret5d+ to be my fri5d & to be do+ all 9 h] p[] to fur!r my c>e]1 0 9 reality ?reat5+ ! directors ) in/ant break+ ( h] contract %\ld ,i be all[$ to appe>4 ,i _h ?is on ! au?ority ( ,mr4 ,geva]t1 ! !n director ( ! ,cons]vatoire & my firm fri5d4 ,! arti/ 0 a great success & h] ^w 0 law4 ,x 0 on my return t ,i 0 tak5 to ,g\nod & ,i wait$ a ye> = a he>+4 ,g\nod's op]a1 ,romeo et ,juliette1 _h be5 giv5 at ! ,op]a ,comique _m times b !re 0 a dem& = p]=mances at ! ,gr& ,op]a4 ,accord+ly ,g\nod add$ a ballet1 :i* fitt$ x = p]=mance at ! ,op]a4 ,apropos ( ?is ballet1 ,g\nod said to me1 ) no little t\* ( cynicism1 ,n[ y %all see :at k9d ( music a ,ga ,ga c write 7,ga ,ga is ! ,fr5* t]m = a v old man1 t is1 a man 9 8 dotage74 ,he 0 det]m9$ t ,i %\ld be he>d at ! ,gr& ,op]a z ,juliette1 b ev5 8 influ5ce c\ld n prev5t ! director f sign+ an agreem5t ) "o he p]sonally pref]r$1 :i* requir$ t %e %\ld h ! honor ( mak+ h] debut at ! ,gr& ,op]a 9 ! "p4 ,!n x 0 t ,i became aw>e t x 0 n only because ,i 0 a debutante t ,i _h be5 d5i$4 ,g\nod w\ld n cons5t to ?is arrangem5t1 insi/+ on h] mak+ h] debut previ\sly 9 ,fau/1 & =tunate x 01 s9ce ! s+] 9 "q nev] atta9$ m ?an m$iocre success4 ,g\nod /ill dem&$ z a compromise t ! fir/ six p]=mances ( ! op]a %\ld be giv5 to ,adel9a ,patti1 & t !y %\ld s5d = me = ! subsequ5t ones4 ,9 ! meantime ,i 0 engag$ at ! ,op]a ,comique4 ,!re ,mass5et look$ ) disfavor ^u my debut be=e t ( ,sybil ,s&]son4 ,mass5et _h br\ght =tunes to ! ,op]a ,comique ?r\gh 8 imm5sely popul> & !atrically effective op]as4 ,consequ5tly 8 ^w 0 law4 ,i wait$ = "s mon?s & no sugge/ion ( an opportunity = a p]=mance pres5t$ itself4 ,all ! "t ,i 0 engag$ 9 ext5d+ my rep]toire & becom+ m & m indignant at ! treatm5t ,i 0 receiv+ 9 n be+ all[$ to s+ ! op]as ?us acquir$4 ,my ye>'s contract _h /ill ?ree mon?s to run :5 ,i receiv$ an (f] f ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,%ortly !reaft] ,i receiv$ a note f ,m4 ,gailh>d ann\nc+ t he wi%$ to see me4 ,i w5t & he in=m$ me t ,g\nod 0 /ill insi/5t ^u my appe>ance 9 ! role ( ,juliette4 ,i 0 irritat$ by ! :ole long tra9 ( aggravat+ circum/ances1 b said1 ,give me ! contract1 ,i'll sign x4 ,!n ,i w5t directly to ! ,op]a ,comique & ask$ to see ! director4 ,i 0 t[]+ ) indignation--inde$1 ,i felt myself at lea/ sev5 feet tall & p]haps q z wide4 ,i dem&$ my contract4 ,to 8 ,mais1 ,mademoiselle-- ,i comm&$1 ,s5d = x4 ,he br\ght ! contract & tore x up 9 my pres5ce1 only to le>n next morn+ to 8 probable *agr9 t ,i 0 engag$ & ann\nc$ = an important role at ! ,gr& ,op]a4 ,! fir/ p]=mance ( a debutante at ! ,gr& ,op]a is a great ordeal1 & x is easy to imag9e t ! /ra9 ^u a "y s+] might deprive h] ( h] natural p[]s ( expression4 ,! outcome ( m9e 0 mo/ =tuit\s & ) success beh9d me ,i f\nd my road v diff]5t inde$4 ,h[ev]1 if ,i _h n _h a fri5d at c\rt1 9 ! spl5did p]son ( ,*>les ,g\nod1 ,i might h be5 oblig$ to wait ye>s long]1 & p]haps nev] h _h an opportunity to appe> 9 ,p>is1 :]e only a few =eign]s 9 a g5]ation get su* a privilege4 ,x is a great "o1 ,i consid]1 z !re is no s*ool ( good ta/e & re/ra9t l ! ,fr5*1 :i* is also "o :]e "o may acquire ! m intellectual qualities 9 "o's "w & a s5se ( proportion & l9e4 ,,g\nod ,,z ,a ,,mod]ni/ ,i h cont9ually call$ att5tion to ,g\nod's idealism4 ,!re are "s to-day :o might f9d ! works ( ,g\nod artificial 9 comp>ison ) ! works ( "s v mod]n writ]s4 ,to !m ,i c only say t ! works ( ! great ma/] gave a great deal ( joy to audi5ces fully z compet5t to judge ( _! arti/ic & ae/hetic beauty z any ( ! pres5t day4 ,inde$1 _! flavor is s delicate & sublimat$ t ! subsequ5t attempts at int]pret+ !m ) m reali/ic me?ods only succe$s 9 de/roy+ _! *>m4 ,x may be difficult = "s :o are saturat$ ) ! ultra-mod]n t5d5cies 9 music to look ^u ,g\nod z a mod]ni/1 b ?us he 0 reg>d$ by 8 own fri5ds4 ,"o ( my mo/ amus+ recollections ( ,g\nod 0 8 tell+ me--himself mu* amus$ !reby--( ! fir/ p]=mance ( ,fau/4 ,8 fri5ds _h att5d$ 9 l>ge numb]s to assi/ at ! expect$ success1 only to be witnesses ( a huge failure4 ,g\nod told me t ! only numb]s to h any success :atsoev] 7 ! ,soldi]s' ,*orus1 & t ( ! old m5 9 ! second "p ( ! fir/ act4 ,he said t all 8 fri5ds avoid$ him & disappe>$ or w5t on ! o!r side ( ! /reet4 ,"s ( ! m intimate told him t he mu/ *ange 8 mann] ( writ+ z x 0 s unmelodi\s & advanc$4 ,?is seems to me a mo/ int]e/+ recollection1 9 view ( ! cubi/ music ( ,/rav9sky & ,co4 ( to-day4 ,9 ?9k+ ( ,g\nod we mu/ n =get 8 p]iod & 8 public4 ,we mu/ realize t 8 op]atic h]oes & h]o9es mu/ be approa*$ f an altoge!r ideali/ic attitude--nev] a mat]iali/ic "o4 ,see ! mann] 9 :i* ,g\nod has tak5 ,%akespe>e's ,juliette & translat$ h] into an atmosph]e ( poetry4 ,nev]!less he con/antly int5sifies 8 dramatic situations z ! dramatic nature ( ! composition dem&s4 ,8 ,juliette1 ?\gh consi/5t ) 8 idea ( h] ?r\gh\t1 is n ! ,juliet ( ,%akespe>e4 ,z also 8 ,m>gu]ite is t ( ,kaulba* & n ! ,gret*5 ( ,goe!4 ,( c\rse1 a great deal dep5ds ^u ! tra9+ & s*ool ( ! arti/ int]pret+ ! role4 ,9 my own int]pretations ,i am gov]n$ by c]ta9 art pr9ciples :i* seem v vital inde$ to me4 ,! figure ( ! ,m$iaeval ,pr9cess ,elsa has to be repres5t$ ) a re/ra9t q oppos$ to t ( ! pant+ savage ,aida4 ,also1 ! palpitat+1 elem5tal ,tosca calls = ano!r type ( "* pa9t+ ?an1 = in/ance1 ! mode/1 ge/ureless1 timid & womanly ,japanese girl 9 ,mascagni's ,iris4 ,^! ?+s are n taught 9 s*ools by tea*]s4 ,!y come only aft] ! prolong$ /udy :i* e consci5ti\s arti/ mu/ give to h] roles4 ,g\nod felt ?is v /rongly & impress$ x ^u me4 ,all music _h a mean+ to him--an inn] mean+ :i* ! great m9d inv>iably div9es ?r\gh a k9d ( arti/ic intuition difficult to def9e4 ,i rememb] 8 play+ to me ! la/ act ( ,don ,giovanni1 :i* 9 8 h&s ga9$ ! gr&eur & dep? ( ,greek trag$y4 ,he _h 9 8 h&s ! p[] to ?rill "o to ! v utmo/4 ,aga9 he 0 ke5ly delight$ ) ! mo/ joy\s passages 9 music4 ,he 0 exceptionally fond ( ,moz>t4 ,le ,nozze di ,fig>o 0 especially appreciat$4 ,he us$ to say1 aft] accompany+ himself 9 ! aria ( ,*]ub9o ! ,page1 f ! #a/ act1 ,isn't t ,spr+8 ,isn't t y\?8 ,isn't t ! joy ( life8 ,h[ m>vel\sly ,moz>t has cry/alliz$ ?is wond]ful exub]ant _s 9 8 music6 ,,"o ,,reason ,,= ,,g\nod',s ,,em95ce ,"o reason = ,g\nod's em95ce lay 9 8 great rev]5ce = 8 art4 ,he believ$ 9 ! cultivation ( rev]5ce = "o's art1 z ! religi\s devotee has rev]5ce = 8 cult4 ,to ,g\nod 8 art 0 a religion4 ,to use a v expressive colloquialism1 ,he nev] felt himself above 8 job4 ,"t & aga9 we meet m5 & wom5 :o make x a habit to look d[n ^u _! "w z ?\gh !y 7 sup]ior to x4 ,!y are cont9ually apologiz+ to _! fri5ds & depreciat+ _! occupation4 ,su* p seem =eorda9$ = failure4 ,if "o c n reg>d ! "w "o is engag$ ^u ) ! greate/ e>ne/ness & respect--if "o c n feel t ! "w is wor?y ( "o's deepe/ rev]5ce1 "o c accompli% little4 ,i h se5 s mu* ( ?is ) /ud5ts & aspir+ musicians t ,i feel t ,i w\ld be miss+ a big opportunity if ,i did n emphasize ?is f9e trait 9 ,g\nod's "*4 ,i "k ( "o man 9 p>ticul> :o has be5 go+ d[n & d[n e ye> l>gely because he has nev] consid]$ any?+ he has _h to d z wor?y ( 8 be/ ef=ts4 ,he has always be5 above 8 job4 ,if y are dissatisfi$ ) y\r "w1 seek out some?+ t y ?9k is really des]v+ ( y\r labor1 some?+ comm5surate ) y\r idea ( a s]i\s dignifi$ occupation 9 :i* y feel t y may d y\r be/ "w4 ,9 mo/ cases1 h[ev]1 x is n a matt] ( occupation b an attitude ( m9d--! diff]5ce betwe5 an e>ne/ dignifi$ work] & "o :o f9ds x m com=table to evade "w4 ,?is is true 9 music z 9 ev]y?+ else4 ,if y c make y\r musical "w a cult z ,g\nod did1 if y h tal5t--vision--ah6 h[ few h vision1 h[ few c really & truly see--if y h ! und]/&+ :i* comes ?r\gh vision1 !re is no arti/ic height :i* y may n climb4 ,"o c n hope to give a portrait ( ,g\nod 9 s %ort an int]view4 ,"o c only po9t out a few ( 8 mo/ di/+ui%+ features4 ,"o :o enjoy$ 8 magnific5t fri5d%ip c only look ^u x z a hall[$ memory4 ,aft] all1 ,g\nod has writt5 himself into 8 own music & x is to t we mu/ g if we w\ld "k 8 real nature4 ,,mme4 ,,flor5ce ,,ea/on ,,biographical ,mme4 ,flor5ce ,ea/on 0 born at ,middlebor\gh1 ,york%ire1 ,engl&1 ,oct4 #be1 #ahhg4 ,at a v e>ly age %e 0 tak5 to ,toronto1 ,canada1 by h] p>5ts1 :o 7 bo? accompli%$ s+]s4 ,%e 0 giv5 a musical tra9+ 9 y\? ) ! view ( mak+ h] a conc]t piani/4 ,h] tea*] 0 ,j4 ,a4 ,d4 ,tripp1 & at ! age ( elev5 %e appe>$ 9 conc]t4 ,h] vocal tal5ts 7 discov]$ & %e 0 s5t to ! ,royal ,academy at ,london1 ,engl&1 :]e h] tea*]s 7 ,r$dy & ,mme4 ,agnes ,l>kom1 a pupil ( ,g>cia4 ,%e !n w5t to ,p>is & /udi$ "u ,eliot ,haslam1 an ,engli% tea*] resid5t 9 ! ,fr5* metropolis4 ,%e !n took small p>ts 9 ! well-kn[n ,engli% ,op]a organization1 ! ,moody-,mann]s ,company1 acquir+ a l>ge rep]toire 9 ,engli%4 ,) h] husb&1 ,francis ,macl5n51 %e came to ,am]ica to take ! lead+ roles 9 ! ,savage production ( ,p>sifal1 rema9+ to s+ ! next season 9 ,madama ,butt]fly4 ,! c\ple 7 !n engag$ to s+ = six ye>s at ! ,b]l9 ,royal ,op]a & became wond]fully successful4 ,aft] ?ree ye>s at ,hamburg & two ye>s ) ! ,*icago ,op]a ,company %e 0 engag$ = dramatic roles at ! ,metropolitan1 & has become a great favorite4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mme4 ,,flor5ce ,,ea/on4 7,c7 ,mi%k94 ,,! ,,op5 ,,door ,,to ,,op]a ,,mme4 ,,flor5ce ,,ea/on ,:at is ! op5 door to op]a 9 ,am]ica8 ,is !re an op5 door1 & if n1 h[ c "o be made8 ,:o may g ?r\gh t door & :at are ! t]ms ( admission8 ,^! are que/ions :i* ?\s&s ( "y ,am]ican op]a aspirants are ask+ j n[4 ,! prospect ( s++ at a great op]a h\se is s allur+ & ! rew>d 9 money is (t5 s great t /ud5ts c5t] _! att5tions ^u ! gr& prize & are will+ to take a *ance ( w9n+1 ev5 ?\gh !y "k t only "o 9 a v few may succe$ & !n (t5 at bitt] sacrifice4 ,! "q is a mo/ int]e/+ "o to me1 z ,i ?9k t ,i "k :at ! op5 door to op]a 9 ?is c\ntry might be--:at x may be if en\gh patriotic ,am]icans c\ld be f\nd to cut ?r\gh ! h>d walls ( mat]ialism1 conv5tionalism & indiff]5ce4 ,x lies ?r\gh ! small op]a company--! only real & great s*ool :i* ! op]a s+] ( ! future c h4 ,,! ,,s*ool ,,( ,,prime ,,donne ,9 ,european c\ntries !re are innum]able small companies capable ( giv+ good op]a :i* ! p enjoy q z ?or\ghly z ! metropolitan audi5ces ( ! _w enjoy ! op]a :i* comm&s ! be/ s+]s ( ! times4 ,= ye>s ^! small op]a companies h be5 ! tra9+ s*ools ( ! great s+]s4 ,n to h gone ?r\gh su* a s*ool 0 z damag+ an admission z t ( n hav+ gone ?r\gh a college w\ld be to a college pr(essor apply+ = a new position4 ,lilli ,lehmann1 ,s*umann-,he9k1 ,ruffo1 ,campan9i1 ,j5ny ,l9d1 ,patti1 all are graduates ( ^! s*ools ( practice4 ,9 ,am]ica !re seems to h exi/$ = ye>s a k9d ( prejudice1 br$ ( ignorance1 aga9/ all op]a companies except ^? employ+ all-/> ca/s 9 ! bigge/ !atres 9 ! bigge/ cities4 ,?is exi/$1 despite ! fact t ^! second>y op]a companies (t5 put on op]a t 0 sup]ior to ! be/ t 0 to be he>d 9 "s ,italian1 ,g]man & ,fr5* cities :i* possess$ op]a companies t /ood v high 9 ! e/imation ( ,am]icans :o _h nev] he>d !m4 ,x 0 once actually ! case t ! fact t a s+] _h once sung 9 a small] op]a company prev5t$ h] f aspir+ to s+ 9 a great op]a company4 ,am]ica1 h[ev]1 has become v mu* bett] in=m$ & mu* m indep5d5t 9 su* matt]s1 & our op]a go]s are beg9n+ to resemble ,european audi5ces 9 t !y let _! e>s & _! common s5se det]m9e :at is be/ r ?an _! prejudices & _! conv5tions reg>d+ reputation4 ,x 0 actually ! case at "o "t 9 ,am]ica t a s+] ) a great reputation c\ld comm& a l>ge audi5ce1 :]eas a s+] ( f> great] ability & inf9itely bett] voice might be %ut out because %e _h once sung 9 an op]a company n z pret5ti\s z ^? 9 ! big cities4 ,?is seem$ v comic inde$ to _m ,european s+]s1 :o laugh$ 9 _! coat sleeves ov] ! real situation4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! small companies 9 _m cities w\ld provide m s+]s ) opportunities = tra9+ & public appe>ances4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates n[ has two or ?ree major op]a companies4 ,c\nt up on y\r f+]s ! greate/ numb] ( s+]s :o c\ld be accommodat$ ) p>ts3 only once or twice 9 a decade does ! "y s+]1 at ! age :5 ! be/ =mative "w mu/ be done1 h a *ance to atta9 ! lead+ roles4 ,if we _h 9 ,am]ica t5 or tw5ty small] op]a companies ( real m]it1 ! *ances w\ld be greatly multipli$4 ,! fir/ ?+ t ! s+] has to fight is /age fright4 ,no matt] h[ well y may "k a role 9 a /udio1 unless y are a v extraord9>y p]son y are likely to take mon?s 9 acquir+ ! /age fre$om & ease 9 work+ be=e an audi5ce4 ,!re is only "o cure = /age fright1 & t is to appe> cont9ually until x we>s (f4 ,_m des]v+ s+]s h lo/ _! great *ances because !y h dep5d$ ^u :at !y h le>n$ 9 ! /udio1 only to f9d t :5 !y w5t be=e a great & critical audi5ce _! ability 0 sudd5ly r$uc$ to #aj p] c5t41 if n to z]o4 ,ev5 aft] ye>s ( practice & exp]i5ce 9 great ,european op]a h\ses :]e ,i appe>$ repeat$ly be=e royalty1 ! reputation ( ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se 9 ,new ,york 0 s great t at ! "t ,i made my debut !re ,i 0 s afflict$ by /age fright t my voice 0 actually r$uc$ to "o-half ( its =ce & my o!r abilities accord+ly4 ,?is is ! tru?1 & ,i am glad to h "y s+]s "k x z x emphasizes my po9t4 ,imag9e :at ! effect w\ld h be5 ^u a "y s+] :o _h nev] be=e sung 9 public on ! /age4 ,footlight p>alysis is "o ( ! mo/ t]rify+ ( all acute diseases & !re is no cure = x b exp]i5ce4 ,,! ,,be/ ,,beg9n+ ,9 ! ,moody ,mann]s ,company 9 ,engl&1 ! directors wisely und]/ood ?is situation & prep>$ = x4 ,all ! s+]s s*$ul$ to take lead+ roles 7& !y 7 = ! mo/ "p v "y s+]s1 s9ce :5 ! s+] became exp]i5c$ en\gh %e 0 imm$iately /ol5 by companies pay+ high] sal>ies7 7 expect$ to g = a c]ta9 "t 9 ! *orus 7n to s+1 j to walk (f & on ! /age7 until famili> ) ! situation4 ,accord+ly1 my fir/ appe>ance ) ! ,moody ,mann]s ,company 0 :5 ,i walk$ out ) ! *orus4 ,i h nev] he>d ( ?is be+ done delib]ately by any o!r manag]s1 b ?9k h[ s5sible x is6 ,aga91 x is f> m advantage\s = ! "y s+] to appe> 9 ! small] op]a h\se at fir/1 s t if any errors are made ! op]a go]s w n be un=giv+4 ,!re is no trag$y great] ?an ?r[+ a "y girl into an op]atic situation f> great] ?an h] exp]i5ce & ability c meet1 & !n condemn+ h] = ye>s because %e did n rise to ! occasion4 ,?is has happ5$ _m times 9 rec5t ye>s4 ,ambition is a beautiful ?+2 b :5 ambition induces "o to walk ^u a tight rope ov] ,niag>a1 )\t hav+ fir/ le>n$ to walk prop]ly on e>?1 ambition %\ld be re/ra9$4 ,i c recollect sev]al s+]s :o 7 widely h]ald$ at _! fir/ p]=mances by en?usia/ic admir]s1 :o are n[ no long] kn[n4 ,:at has become ( !m8 ,is x n bett] to le>n ! pr(ession ( op]a s++ 9 its "o great s*ool1 & le>n x s ?or\ghly t "o c advance 9 ! pr(ession1 j z "o may advance 9 e o!r pr(ession8 ,! s+] 9 ! small op]a company :o1 night aft] night1 says to h]self1 ,to-morr[ x mu/ be bett]1 is ! "o :o w be ! ,lilli ,lehmann1 ! ,galli-,curci1 or ! ,s*umann-,he9k ( to-morr[2 n ! important p]son :o insi/s ^u po/pon+ h] debut until %e c appe> at ! ,metropolitan or at ,cov5t ,g>d54 ,colonel ,h5ry ,w4 ,savage did ,am]ica an imm5se s]vice1 z did ! ,aborn ,bro!rs & ,=tune ,gallo1 9 help+ to create a popul> ta/e = op]a pres5t$ 9 a less pret5ti\s =m4 ,am]ica ne$s su* companies & ne$s !m badly1 n m]ely to educate ! public up to an appreciation ( ! fact t ! f9e/ op]atic p]=mances 9 ! _w are n[ be+ giv5 at ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se1 b to help provide u ) well-s*ool$ s+]s = ! future4 ,,necessity ,,( ,,r\t9e ,no?+ c take ! place ( r\t9e 9 le>n+ op]as4 ,_m1 _m op]a s+]s ,i h kn[n seem to be woefully lack+ 9 x4 ,9 le>n+ a new op]a1 ,i le>n all ! p>ts t h any?+ to d ) ! "p ,i am expect$ to s+4 ,9 o!r words1 ,i f9d x v inadvisable to dep5d ^u cues4 ,!re are s _m di/urb+ ?+s con/antly occurr+ on ! /age to ?r[ "o (f "o's track4 ,= in/ance1 :5 ,i made my fir/ appe>ance 9 ,mascagni's ,lodoletta ,i 0 oblig$ to g on ) only tw5ty-f\r h\rs' notice1 )\t rehe>sal1 9 an op]a ,i _h se5 produc$ only once4 ,i _h /udi$ ! role only two weeks4 ,:ile on ! /age ,i 0 s entranc$ ) ! wond]ful s++ ( ,mr4 ,c>uso t ,i =got to come 9 at ! "r "t4 ,he said to me quickly sotto voce-- ,canta6 ,canta6 ,canta6 ,& my r\t9e drill ( ! "p enabl$ me to come 9 )\t lett+ ! audi5ce "k ( my error4 ,! m]e matt] ( gett+ ! voice to g ) ! or*e/ra1 z well z t ( id5tify+ cues he>d 9 ! unusual quality ( ! or*e/ral in/rum5ts 7s diff]5t f ! tone quality ( ! piano71 is mo/ confus+1 & only r\t9e c accu/om "o to be+ ready to meet all ( ^! /range conditions4 ,"o is suppos$ to keep an eye on ! conductor practically all ( ! "t :ile s++4 ,! be/ s+]s are ^? :o nev] =get ?is1 b d x s artfully t ! audi5ce nev] suspects4 ,_m s+]s foll[ ! conductor's baton s conspicu\sly t !y give ! appe>ance ( monkeys on a /r+4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is highly ludicr\s4 ,i don't "k ( any way ( ov]com+ x b exp]i5ce4 ,yes1 !re is ano!r great help1 & t is musician%ip4 ,! conductor :o kn[s t an arti/ is a musician 9 fact1 is imm5sely reliev$ & always v appreciative4 ,s+]s %\ld le>n z mu* ab\t ! te*nical side ( music z possible4 ,le>n+ to play ! viol9 or ! piano1 & le>n+ to play x well is invaluable4 ,,wat*+ ,,= ,,opportunities ,! s+] mu/ be ev] on ! al]t = opportunities to advance4 ,?is is l>gely a matt] ( prep>ation4 ,if "o is capable1 ! opportunities usually come4 ,i wond] if ,i may relate a little incid5t :i* occurr$ to me 9 ,g]many long be=e ! w>4 ,i _h be5 s++ 9 ,b]l91 :5 ! impres>io ( ! ,royal ,op]a approa*$ me & ask$ me if ,i c\ld s+ ,aida on a foll[+ ,monday4 ,i realiz$ t if ,i admitt$ t ,i _h nev] sung ,aida be=e1 ! ?or\ghgo+1 matt]-(-fact ,g]man ,int5dant w\ld nev] ev5 let me h a *ance4 ,emmy ,de/9n 0 !n ! prima donna at ! ,royal ,op]a1 & _h be5 tak5 ill4 ,! po/ 0 "o ( ! op]atic plums ( all ,europe4 ,be=e ,i knew x1 ,i _h said ,yes1 ,i c s+ ,aida4 ,x 0 a :ite lie1 & once told1 ,i _h to live up to x4 ,i _h nev] sung ,aida1 & only knew "p ( x4 ,runn+ home ,i work$ all night long to le>n ! la/ act4 ,ov] & ov] ! role hundr$s & hundr$s ( times ,i w5t1 until x seem$ z ?\gh my eyes w\ld drop out ( my head4 ,monday night came1 & ?anks to my r\t9e exp]i5ce 9 small] companies1 ,i _h le>n$ ,aida s t ,i 0 p]fectly confid5t ( x4 ,imag9e ! /ra91 h[ev]1 :5 ,i le>n$ t ! ,kais] & ! c\rt 7 to be pres5t4 ,at ! end ,i 0 call$ be=e ! ,kais]1 :o1 aft] w>mly complim5t+ me1 gave me ! greatly covet$ po/ 9 8 op]a h\se4 ,i d n believe t he ev] f\nd out t ! little ,toronto girl _h actually fibb$ h] way into an opportunity4 ,,tales ,,( ,,/rauss ,/rauss 0 "o ( ! lead+ conductors :ile ,i 0 at ! ,royal ,op]a & ,i sang "u 8 baton _m1 _m times4 ,he 0 a real g5ius1--9 t once 8 art "w 0 complet$1 8 int]e/ imm$iately c5t]$ ^u ! next4 ,once :ile we 7 p]=m+ ,ros5kavali] he came beh9d ! sc5es & said3 ,w ?is awfully long op]a nev] end8 ,i want to g home4 ,i said to him1 ,b ,doctor1 y compos$ x y\rself1 & he said1 ,yes1 b ,i nev] meant to conduct x4 ,let x be expla9$ t ,/rauss 0 an invet]ate play] ( ! ,g]man c>d game1 ,scat1 & w\ld f> r seek a quiet corn] ) a few *oice companions ?an g ?r\gh "o ( 8 own works night aft] night4 ,h[ev]1 :5ev] ! creative in/9ct 0 at "w he let no?+ imp$e x4 ,i rememb] see+ him write ^u 8 cuffs 7no d\bt "s pass+ !me7 dur+ a p]=mance ( ,mei/]s+] he 0 conduct+4 ,,! ,,s+]',s ,,greate/ ,,ne$ ,! s+]'s greate/ ne$1 or 8 greate/ asset if he has "o1 is an hone/ critic4 ,my husb& & ,i h made x a po9t nev] to miss he>+ "o ano!r s+1 no matt] h[ _m times we h he>d ea* o!r s+ 9 a role4 ,sometimes1 aft] a big p]=mance1 x is v h>d to h to be told ab\t all ! ?+s t "o did n d well1 b t is ! only way to improve4 ,!re are always _m p to tell "o ! good ?+s1 b ,i feel t ! bigge/ help t ,i h _h ?r\gh my c>e] has be5 ! help ( my husb&1 because he has always told me ! places :]e ,i c\ld improve1 s t e p]=mance ,i _h some?+ new to ?9k ab\t4 ,an arti/ nev] /&s /ill4 ,he ei!r goes =w>d or backw>d &1 ( c\rse1 ! only way to get to ! top is by go+ =w>d4 ,! difficulty 9 ,am]ica is 9 giv+ ! "y s+]s a *ance aft] _! voices are plac$4 ,if only we c\ld h a numb] ( excell5t /ock op]a companies1 ev5 ?\gh !re _h to be a few travel+ />s aft] ! mann] ( ! old dramatic companies1 :]e ev]ybody _h to />t at ! bottom & "w 8 way up1 because ) a lovely voice1 tal5t & p]sev]ance anyone c get to ! top if "o has a *ance to "w4 ,by "w ,i mean s++ z _m new roles z possible & z (t5 z possible & n />t+ at a big op]a h\se s++ p]haps two or ?ree times dur+ a season4 ,j ?9k ( x1--! s+] at a small op]a h\se has m *ance to le>n 9 two mon?s ?an ! beg9n] at a big op]a h\se might h 9 five ye>s4 ,aft] all1 ! ?+ t is mo/ valuable to a s+] is "t1 z ) "t ! voice w dim9i% 9 beauty4 ,gett+ to ! top via ! big op]a h\se is ! "w ( a lifetime1 & ! gold5 tones are gone be=e "o really has an opportunity to d "o's be/ "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]ald9e ,,f>r>4 ,,g]ald9e ,,f>r> ,,biographical ,al?\gh "o ( ! y\nge/ ( ! not$ ,am]ican s+]s1 none has a*iev$ su* an ext5sive int]national reputation z ,miss ,f>r>4 ,born ,febru>y #bh1 #ahhb1 9 ,melrose1 ,mass41 %e 0 educat$ at ! public s*ools 9 t city4 ,at ! s*ool age %e became ! pupil ( ,mrs4 ,j4 ,h4 ,long1 9 ,bo/on4 ,aft] /udy+ ) sev]al tea*]s1 includ+ ,emma ,?ursby1 9 ,new ,york1 & ,trabadello1 9 ,p>is1 %e w5t to ,lilli ,lehmann 9 ,b]l91 & "u ?is1 ! greate/ ( dramatic s+]s ( h] "t1 ,miss ,f>r> receiv$ a mo/ ?or\gh & c>eful tra9+ 9 all ! elem5ts ( h] art4 ,%e made h] debut z ,m>gu]ite 9 ,fau/ at ! ,royal ,op]a 9 ,b]l91 ,octob] #ae?1 #aija4 ,lat]1 aft] t\r+ ,european cities ) ev] increas+ successes1 %e 0 engag$ at ! ,op]a ,comique & ,gr& ,op]a1 ,p>is1 & !n at ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se 9 ,new ,york1 :]e %e has be5 ! lead+ soprano = _m seasons4 ,! _m entic+ (f]s made = appe>ances 9 mov+ pictures l$ to a new phase ( h] c>e]4 ,9 _m pictures %e has appe>$ ) h] husb&1 ,m4 ,l\ ,telleg51 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ actors ( ! ,fr5* s*ool1 :o at "o "t 0 ! lead+ man = ,s>ah ,b]nh>dt4 ,! foll[+ conf]5ce is ri* 9 advice to any "y woman :o desires to "k :at %e mu/ d 9 ord] to become a prima donna4 ,,:at ,,mu/ ,i ,,g ,,?r\gh ,,to ,,become ,a ,,prima ,,donna8 ,,mme4 ,,g]ald9e ,,f>r> ,:at mu/ ,i d to become a prima donna8 ,let u rev]se ! usual me?od ( discuss+ ! "q & beg9 ) ! arti/ ^u ! /age 9 a great op]a h\se l ! ,metropolitan 9 ,new ,york1 on a gala night1 e seat sold & hundr$s /&+4 ,x is a mod]n op]a ) a heavy score4 ,:at is ! fir/ consid]ation ( ! s+]8 ,prim>ily1 an arti/ 9 gr& op]a mu/ s+ 9 "s fa%ion to insure ! prop] projection ( h] role across ! l>ge spaces ( ! all-too-l>ge auditoriums4 ,^? admirable requisites ( cle> diction1 facial expression & emotional appeal w be sadly hamp]$ unless ! m$ium ( s\nd c>ries _! message4 ,x is only f sad exp]i5ce t "o among _m rises sup]ior to "s ( ! disadvantages ( our mod]n op]a rep]toire4 ,gone are ! days :5 ! facile vocali/ 0 support$ by a small gr\p ( musicians int5t ^u a discreet accompanim5t = ! b5efit ( ! s+]'s vocal ex]tions4 ,voices tra9$ = ! old] rep]toire 7 n at ! m]cy ( an enl>g$ or*e/ra pit1 :]e9 ! ov]-zeal\s g5tlem5 n[ fight--furioso ad libitum--= ! supremacy ( op]atic effects4 ,an amiable musical obs]v] once ask$ me :y we all %\t$ s 9 op]a4 ,i repli$ by a "q1 ask+ if he _h ev] made an aft]-d9n] spee*4 ,he acquiesc$4 ,i ask$ him h[ _m times he rapp$ on ! table = att5tion & sil5ce4 ,he admitt$ x 0 r (t54 ,i ask$ him :y4 ,he said1 s t he might be he>d4 ,he answ]$ 8 own "q by conc$+ t ! c>ry+ timbre ( a voice _c compete successfully aga9/ ev5 banquet hall fe/ivities unless prop]ly focus$ out ( a normal speak+ tone4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 a small room & "o seat+ sev]al hundr$ is f> great] ?an ! av]age auditor realizes4 ,if ! m]e rattl+ ( silv] & *9a w eclipse ?is vocal ef=t 9 spee* ,i leave to y\r imag9ation :at mu/ transpire :5 ! s+] is call$ ^u to dom9ate ) "o ?read ( song ! trem5d\s onslaught ( an or*e/ra & to rise triumphant above x 9 a !at] s l>ge t ! fai?ful ga!r]s 9 ! gall]y tell me we all look l pigmies1 & half ! "t are b>ely he>d4 ,s9ce ! recesses :]e we mu/ p]=m are s exagg]at$ ev]y?+ mu/ be 9 l proportion1 h5ce we are v (t5 too noisy1 b h[ c x be o!rwise if we are to influ5ce ! eag] taxpay] 9 r[ ,x8 ,aft] all1 he has n come to he> u :isp]1 & 8 po9t ( vantage is n s admirable z if he 7 sitt+ at a musical com$y 9 a small !at]4 ,= ?is condition ! size ( ! !at] & ! in/rum5tation impos$ by ! compos] are to be c5sur$1 & less blame plac$ ^u ! ov]burd5$ %\ld]s ( ! vocal competitor aga9/ ^! odds4 ,little %ad+ 9 op]atic tone color is possible unless an accompany+ phrase p]mits x or ! trumpet] swall[s a p96 ,,lucia ,,or ,,zaza ,if y\r rep]toire is ,! ,b>b]1 ,lucia1 ,somnambula & all su* ,italian da9ties1 well & good4 ,no?+ ne$ di/urb ! complete enjoym5t ( ?is lace-"w4 ,b if y\r auditors weep at ,butt]fly & ,zaza or ?rill to ,pagliacci1 !y dem& y use a q diff]5t te*nic1 :i* comes to ! po9t ( my /ory4 ,i believe x 0 ,jean de ,reszke :o advocat$ ! voice 9 ! mask unit$ to brea? support f ! diaphragm4 ,f p]sonal obs]vation ,i %\ld say our coloratura *>m]s lay small emphasis on t highly important factor & use _! head voices ) a fre$om m or less ,god giv54 ,b ! p[] & life-giv+ quality ( ?is fundam5tal _c be too highly e/imat$ = u :o mu/ color our phrases to suit mod]n dramatics & evolve a c>ry+ quality t w n only elim9ate ! difficulty ( vocal dem&s1 b at ! same "t insure immunity f h>mful aft]-effects4 ,?is indisp5sable tw9 ( ! head voice is ! dynamo :i* alone mu/ endure all ! necess>y fatigue1 leav+ ! actual voice phrases free to float unre/rict$ ) no ignoble di/ortions or possible signs ( di/ress4 ,alas6 x is n easy to write ( ?is1 b ! exp]i5ce ( ye>s proves h[ vital a po9t is its sav+ grace & h[1 un=tunately1 x rema9s an unkn[n factor to _m4 ,to note two ( our f9e/ examples ( greatness 9 ?is m>vel\s pr(ession1 ,lilli ,lehmann & ,jean de ,reszke1 nei!r ( :om _h ph5om5al vocal gifts1 ,i w\ld po9t out _! rem>kable m5tal equipm5t1 unceas+ & passionate desire = p]fection1 pair$ ) an un]r+ in/9ct = ! noble & di/+ui%$ su* z has n be5 f\nd 9 o!r expon5ts ( purely vocal virtuosity1 ) a few r>e exceptions1 z ,melba & ,galli-,curci1 = in/ance1 to m5tion two beautiful in/rum5ts ( our g5]ation4 ,! s++ art is n a casual inspiration & x %\ld nev] be treat$ z su*4 ,! real arti/ w h an organiz$ m5tal /rategy j z m9ute & reliable z any intricate ma*9]y1 & w "u all circum/ances 7save complete physical disability7 be able to control & dom9ate h] gifts to _! fulle/ ext5t4 ,?is is n le>n$ 9 a few ye>s )9 ! f\r walls ( a /udio1 b is ! result ( a lifetime ( pa9/ak+ c>e & devotion4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ambition & ov]work s told ^u me t mi/ak5ly ,i all[$ myself to m9imize my vocal practice4 ,h[ wrong t 0 ,i f\nd out 9 %ort "t & ,i h return$ long s9ce to my e>li] precepts z taught me by ,lilli ,lehmann4 ,,keep ,,! ,,voice ,,/rong ,,& ,,flexible ,9 h] book1 ,h[ to ,s+1 !re is mu* = ! /ud5t to dige/ ) pr(it1 ?\gh possible res]vations are advisable1 dep5d5t ^u "o's individual heal? & vocal resi/ance4 ,h] /rong conviction 01 & is1 t a voice requires daily & consci5ti\s ex]cise to keep x /rong & flexible4 ,hav+ successfully ma/]$ ! old] ,italian roles z a "y s+]1 h] incursion into ! lat]-day dramatic & classic rep]toire 9 no wise became an excuse to let langui% ! fundam5tal idea ( beautiful s\nd4 ,h[ vitally important & admirably bel canto su/a9$ by ! brea? support has s]v$ h] is readily und]/ood :5 "o rememb]s t %e has outdi/anc$ all ! colleagues ( h] e>li] c>e] & n[ well ov] sixty1 %e is z indefatigable 9 h] daily practice z we y\ng] s+]s %\ld be4 ,?is brief extract ab\t ,patti 7aga9 quot+ ,lilli ,lehmann7 w furni% an int]e/+ comp>ison3 ,9 ,adel9a ,patti ev]y?+ 0 unit$--! spl5did voice pair$ ) great tal5t = s++1 & ! long ov]sight ( h] /udies by h] di/+ui%$ tea*]1 ,/rakos*4 ,%e nev] sang roles t did n suit h] voice2 9 h] e>li] ye>s %e sang only arias & duets or s+le solos1 nev] tak+ "p 9 ensembles4 ,%e nev] sang ev5 h] limit$ rep]tory :5 %e 0 indispos$4 ,%e nev] att5d$ rehe>sals1 b came to ! !at] 9 ! ev5+ & sang triumphantly1 )\t ev] hav+ se5 ! p]sons :o sang or act$ ) h]4 ,%e sp>$ h]self rehe>sals1 :i*1 on ! day ( ! p]=mance or ! day be=e1 exhau/ all s+]s because ( ! excitem5t ( all k9ds att5d+ !m1 & :i* contribute nei!r to ! fre%ness ( ! voice nor to ! joy ( ! pr(ession4 ,al?\gh %e 0 a ,spani>d by bir? & an ,am]ican by e>ly adoption1 %e 01 s to speak1 ! greate/ ,italian s+] ( my "t4 ,all 0 absolutely good1 correct & flawless1 ! voice l a bell t y seem$ to he> long aft] its s++ _h ceas$4 ,yet %e c\ld give no explanation ( h] art1 & answ]$ all h] colleagues' que/ions conc]n+ x ) ,ah1 je n'en sais ri56 ,%e possess$ unconsci\sly1 z a gift ( nature1 a union ( all ^? qualities t o!r s+]s mu/ atta9 & possess consci\sly4 ,h] vocal organs /ood 9 ! mo/ favorable relations to ea* o!r4 ,h] tal5t & h] rem>kably tra9$ e> ma9ta9$ control ov] ! beauty ( h] s++ & h] voice4 ,=tunate circum/ances ( h] life pres]v$ h] f all injury4 ,! purity & flawlessness ( h] tone1 ! beautiful equalization ( h] :ole voice con/itut$ ! magic by :i* %e held h] li/5]s entranc$4 ,moreov]1 %e 0 beautiful & graci\s 9 appe>ance4 ,! acc5t ( great dramatic p[] %e did n possess1 yet ,i ascribe ?is m to h] intellectual indol5ce ?an to h] lack ( ability4 ,b h[ few ( u w\ld ev] make a c>e] if we wait$ = su* favors f ,nature6 ,,lessons ,,mu/ ,,be ,,adequate ,be>+ 9 m9d ! absolute necessity & real joy 9 vocal "w1 x conf\nds & amazes me t tea*]s ( ?is art feel _! duty has be5 accompli%$ :5 !y donate tw5ty m9utes or half an h\r to a pupil6 ,i d n hone/ly believe ?is is a fair ex*ange1 & x is c]ta9ly n )9 reason to believe t )9 s %ort a "t a pupil c actually b5efit by ! conc5tration & in/ruction s ha/ily conf]r$ ^u h]4 ,if ?is be v pla9 speak+1 x is said ) ! object to b5efit ! pupil only1 = x is1 aft] all1 !y :o mu/ pay ! ultimate 9 success or failure4 ,an h\r devot$ to ! m9ute ne$s ( "o pupil is n too mu* "t to devote to s delicate a subject4 ,an intellig5t taskma/] w let 8 pupil demon/rate t5 or fifte5 m9utes & dur+ ! same p]iod ( re/ w discuss & awak5 ! pupil's int]e/ f an intellig5t po9t ( view1 t "s degree ( individuality may color ev5 ! drudg]y ( ! classroom4 ,a ^w ( c\nsel f su* a mi/ress ( song z ,lehmann or ,sembri* is priceless1 b ! sums t p\r into gre$y pockets ( vocal me*anics1 n to say a h>%] ^w1 is a regretable proce$+4 ,too _m m$iocrities are mak+ s\nds4 ,too _m ( ! same class are try+ to in/ruct1 b1 z 9 politics1 ! real culprit is ! p4 ,z long z ! public =be> an intellig5t prote/ 9 ?is direction1 j s long w ! /udios be cr[d$ ) pa!tic seek]s = fame4 ,:at employm5t ^! infatuat$ individuals enjoy$ be=e ! adv5t ( gr& op]a & ! movies became a possible exhau/ pipe = _! vanity is n cle>1 b !y c]ta9ly %\ld be disc\rag$4 ,new ,york alone is cr[d$ ) aspirants = ! /age1 & _! little bag ( tricks is ( v sl5d] proportions4 ,let u d ev]y?+ 9 our p[] to help ! really wor?y tal5t2 b x is a mi/ak5 *>ity1 & n patriotic1 to %ove s+]s & compos]s s call$1 ( ,am]ican bir?1 ^u a we>y public :i* p]ceives no?+ except ! fact t !y are ( native bir? & h no tal5t to w>rant su* assumption4 ,i d n ?9k ! musical obs]v]s are do+ ! cause ( art 9 ?is c\ntry a favor :5 columns are writt5 ab\t ! inf]ior works ( ! non-gift$4 ,an ambiti\s ef=t is all "r 9 its way1 b t is no reason to connect ! ill-advis$ production ) ,am]ican hopes4 ,on ! contr>y1 x does u a bad turn4 ,i %all /ill cont5d t ! ,engli% language is n a pretty "o = our vocal exploitations1 & )9 my exp]i5ce ( ! pa/ t5 ye>s ,i h he>d b "o ,am]ican "w :i* ,i c s9c]ely say w\ld h giv5 me pleasure to create1 t same be+ ,mr4 ,h5ry ,hadley's rec5tly produc$ ,cleopatra's ,night4 ,8 score is ri* & des]v+ ( ! highe/ praise4 ,9 clos+ ,i %\ld l to quote aga9 f ,mme4 ,lehmann's book an ex]cise t w\ld seem to fulfill a long-felt want3 ,! great scale is ! mo/ necess>y ex]cise = all k9ds ( voices4 ,x 0 taught me by my "m4 ,%e taught x to all h] pupils & to u4 ,"h is ! scale z ,lehmann taught x to me4 ,illu/ration3 musical notation3 ,brea? ,brea? ,brea? ,brea? ,x 0 sung ^u all ! pr9cipal v[els4 ,x 0 ext5d$ /epwise ?r\gh diff]5t keys ov] ! entire range ( ! two octaves ( ! voice4 ,x 0 n h] advice to practice x too s(tly1 b x 0 done ) all ! resonat+ organs well support$ by ! diaphragm1 ! tone 9 a v supple & ela/ic wat]y /ate4 ,%e w\ld ?9k no?+ ( devot+ f =ty m9utes to sixty m9utes a day to ! sl[ practice ( ?is ex]cise4 ,( c\rse1 %e w\ld treat :at "o might call a heavy brunette voice q diff]5tly f a bright blonde voice4 ,^! t]ms ( blonde & brunette1 ( c\rse1 h no?+ to d ) ! complexion ( ! individual1 b to ! color ( ! voice4 ,,! ,,only ,,cure ,lehmann said ( ?is scale3 ,x is ! only cure = all injuries1 & at ! same "t ! mo/ excell5t means ( =tification aga9/ all ov]-ex]tion4 ,i s+ x e day1 (t5 twice1 ev5 if ,i h to s+ "o ( ! heavie/ roles 9 ! ev5+4 ,i c rely absolutely ^u its assi/ance4 ,i (t5 take fifty m9utes to g ?r\gh x once1 = ,i let no tone pass t is lack+ 9 any degree 9 pit*1 p[]1 duration or 9 s+le vibration ( ! propagation =m4 ,p]sonally ,i supplem5t ?is great scale (t5 ) v>i\s florid legato phrases ( arias select$ f ! old] ,italians or ,moz>t1 :]eby ,i c m easily a*ieve ! vocal facility dem&$ by ! tessitura ( ,manon or ,fau/ & *ange to ! d>k]-hu$ phrases dem&$ 9 ,c>m5 or ,butt]fly4 ,b ! op5 secret ( all success is pati5t1 nev]-end+1 consci5ti\s "w1 ) a =ceful emphasis on ! ,,"w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,johanna ,,gadski4 ,,mme4 ,,johanna ,,gadski ,,biographical ,mme4 ,gadski 0 born at ,anclam1 ,prussia1 ,june #ae1 #ahgb4 ,h] /udies 9 s++ 7 pr9cipally ) ,mme4 ,s*ro$]-,*al\pha4 ,:5 %e 0 t5 ye>s old %e sang successfully 9 conc]t at ,/ett94 ,h] op]atic debut 0 made 9 ,b]l91 9 #ahhi1 9 ,web]'s ,d] ,freis*utz4 ,%e !n appe>$ 9 ! op]a h\ses ( ,brem5 & ,may5ce4 ,9 #ahid ,dr4 ,walt] ,damros* organiz$ 8 op]a company 9 ,new ,york & engag$ ,mme4 ,gadski = lead+ roles4 ,9 #ahih %e became high dramatic soprano ) ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,company 9 ,new ,york1 & ! foll[+ ye> appe>$ at ,cov5t ,g>d54 ,%e 0 con/antly develop+ z a s+] ( ,wagn] roles1 notably ,brunhilde & ,isolde4 ,h] rep]toire includ$ =ty roles 9 all1 & ! dem& = h] appe>ance at fe/ivals "h & abroad became m & m insi/5t4 ,%e sang at ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se 9 ,new ,york until #aiag1 :5 ! notoriety caus$ by ! activities ( h] husb&1 ,capta9 ,hans ,taus*]1 ,am]ican ag5t = l>ge ,g]man weapon manufactur]s1 =c$ h] to resign4 ,mme4 ,gadski made a close /udy ( ! ,s*umann ,songs = ye>s2 & ! foll[+ c n fail to be ( arti/ic assi/ance to ! s+]4 ,,! ,,ma/] ,,songs ,,( ,,rob]t ,,s*umann ,,mme4 ,,johanna ,,gadski ,,rob]t ,,s*umann',s ,,lyric ,,gift ,"o _c delve v f> into ! works ( ,s*umann )\t discov]+ t 8 gifts are peculi>ly lyric4 ,8 melodic fecundity is all ! m rem>kable because ( 8 /rong orig9ality4 ,ev5 9 _m ( 8 piano pieces1 su* z ,w>um81 ,traeum]ei or ! fam\s ,slumb] ,song1 ! lyric "* is evid5t4 ,beautiful melodies :i* seem to l5d !mselves to ! peculi> requirem5ts ( vocal music crop up e n[ & !n 9 all 8 works4 ,?is is by no means ! case ) _m ( ! o!r great ma/]s4 ,9 "s ( ,bee?ov5's songs1 = in/ance1 "o c nev] lose sight ( ! fact t !y are in/rum5tal pieces4 ,x 0 ,s*umann's p>ticul> privilege to be gift$ ) ! acute s5se ( proportion :i* enabl$ him to e/imate j :at k9d ( an accompanim5t a melody %\ld h4 ,naturally "s ( 8 songs /& out f> above o!rs2 & 9 ^! ! music lov] & vocal /ud5t w notice t !re is usually a beautiful arti/ic balance betwe5 ! accompanim5t & ! melody4 ,ano!r *>act]i/ic is ! s5se ( propriety ) :i* ,s*umann connect$ 8 melodies ) ! ?\ght ( ! poems he employ$4 ,?is is d\btless due to ! ext5sive lit]>y tra9+ he himself enjoy$4 ,x 0 impossible = a man ( ,s*umann's life exp]i5ce to apply an inappropriate melody to any giv5 poem4 ,) "s song writ]s1 ?is is by no means ! case4 ,! music ( "o song w\ld fit almo/ any o!r set ( words hav+ ! same poetic metre4 ,s*umann 0 cont9ually seek+ aft] a di/9ctive atmosph]e1 & ?is x is :i* gives _m ( 8 works _! la/+ *>m4 ,,! ,,intimate ,,& ,,delicate ,,"* ,,( ,,s*umann ,,songs ,mo/ ( ! great] ,s*umann songs are ( a delici\sly ultimate & delicate "*4 ,by ?is no "o %\ld inf] t !y are weak or sp9eless4 ,s*umann 0 a deep /ud5t ( psy*ology & ( human life4 ,9 ! majority ( cases he es*ew$ ! melodramatic4 ,x is true t we h at lea/ "o song1 ,! ,two ,gr5adi]s1 :i* is melodramatic 9 ! extreme2 b ?is1 accord+ to ! greate/ judges1 is n ,s*umann at 8 be/4 ,x 0 ! p>ticul> delight ( ,s*umann to take "s int5se little poem & apply to x a musical sett+ cr[d$ full ( deep poetical mean+4 ,aga91 he lik$ to pa9t musical pa/els su* z ,im wund]s*o55 ,monat ,mai1 ,fruehl+sna*t & ,d] ,nussbaum4 ,^! songs are r$ol5t ) ! fragrance ( out-(-doors4 ,!re is n "o j>r+ note4 ,! indef9able beauty & inspiration ( ! fields & =e/s h be5 caught by ! ma/] & imprison$ =ev] 9 ?is wond]ful music4 ,im wund]s*o55 ,monat ,mai1 :i* comes f ! ,di*t]liebe cycle1 is indescribably delicate4 ,x %\ld be sung ) great lightness & simplicity4 ,any ef=t t[>d a /riv+ = effect w\ld ru9 ?is exquisite gem4 ,fruehl+sna*t ) its wond]ful accompanim5t1 :i* ,franz ,liszt ?\ght s rem>kable t he comb9$ ! melody & ! accompanim5t1 ) b slight alt]ations1 & made a piano piece ( ! :ole--is a difficult song to s+ prop]ly4 ,if ! s+] does n cat* ! eff]vesc5t "* ( ! song z a :ole1 ! effect is lo/4 ,any dragg+ ( ! tones de/roys ! wond]ful exub]ance :i* ,s*umann /rove to connote4 ,! balance betwe5 ! s+] & ! accompani/ mu/ be p]fect1 & woe be to ! s+] :o tries to s+ ,fruehl+sna*t ) a lumb]+ accompani/4 ,d] ,nussbaum is "o ( ! mo/ effective & ?ankful ( all ! ,s*umann songs4 ,exp]i5c$ public s+]s almo/ inv>iably w9 popul> appreciation ) ?is song4 ,x is probably my favorite ( all ! ,s*umann songs4 ,"h aga9 delicacy & simplicity reign supreme4 ,9 fact simplicity 9 int]pretation is ! great requirem5t ( all ! art songs4 ,! amateur s+] seems to be cont9ually try+ to secure effect ) ^! songs & ! only result ( ?is is affectation4 ,if amateurs c\ld only realize h[ h>d ! really great ma/]s tri$ to avoid results t 7 to be secur$ by ! *eap me?ods ( affectation & %[1 !y w\ld make _! s++ m simple4 ,success 9 s++ art songs comes ?r\gh ! ability ( ! arti/ to br+ out ! psy*ic1 poetical & musical mean+ ( ! song4 ,!re is no room = *eap vocal virtuosity4 ,! great songs be> ! sacr$ message ( ! be/ & f9e/ 9 art4 ,!y repres5t ! consci5ti\s devotion ( _! compos]s to _! l(tie/ ideals4 ,i h m5tion$ ?ree songs :i* are repres5tative1 b !re are numb]less o!r songs :i* reveal ! intimate & p]sonal "* ( ,s*umann's works4 ,"o popul> mi/ake reg>d+ ^! songs :i* is q preval5t is t ( ?9k+ t !y c only be sung 9 t9y rooms & nev] 9 l>ge auditoriums4 ,"t & aga9 ,i h a*iev$ "s ( ! be/ results ,i h ev] secur$ on ! conc]t /age ) delicate intimate works sung be=e audi5ces ( ?\s&s ( p4 ,! size ( ! auditorium has practically no?+ to d ) ! song4 ,! me?od ( deliv]y is ev]y?+4 ,if ! song is prop]ly & ?\ghtfully deliv]$1 ! audi5ce1 ?\gh x be "o ( ?\s&s1 w sit quiet z mice & li/5 rev]5tly to ! end4 ,h[ev]1 if "o ( ^! songs 7 to be sung 9 a flamboyant1 bomba/ic mann]1 by "s s+] infect$ ) ! idea t 9 ord] to impress a multitude ( p an exagg]at$ /yle is necess>y1 ! results w\ld be ru9\s4 ,if ov]done1 !y are nev] appreciat$4 ,art is art4 ,rembr&t 9 "o ( 8 ma/] pa9t+s exhibits j ! "r arti/ic balance4 ,a copy ( ! same pa9t+ might become a m]e daub1 ) a few twi/s ( "s bungl+ amateur's bru%4 ,let ! "y s+] rememb] t ! results t are ! mo/ difficult to get 9 s++ ! art song are n ^? by :i* %e may hope to make a s5sational impression by means ( %[1 b ^? :i* dep5d fir/ & always ^u s9c]ity1 simplicity & a deep /udy ( ! real mean+ ( ! ma/]piece4 ,,! ,,love ,,int]e/ ,,9 ,,! ,,s*umann ,,songs ,up to ! "t ,s*umann 0 ?irty ye>s ( age 7#ahdj71 8 compositions 7 conf9$ to works = ! piano4 ,^! piano works include "s ( ! v greate/ & mo/ inspir$ ( 8 compositions = ! in/rum5t4 ,9 #ahdj ,s*umann m>ri$ ,cl>a ,wieck1 daught] ( 8 =m] pian(orte tea*]4 ,?is m>riage 0 accompli%$ only aft] ! mo/ sev]e opposition imag9able ^u ! "p ( ! irate fa!r-9-law1 :o 0 loa? to see 8 daught]1 :om he _h tra9$ to be "o ( ! =emo/ piani/s ( h] sex1 m>ry an obscure compos]4 ,! effect ( ?is opposition 0 to raise ,s*umann's affection to ! condition ( a k9d ( fanaticism4 ,all ?is made a pron\nc$ impression ^u 8 art & seem$ to make him long = expression ?r\gh ! m$ium ( 8 love songs4 ,he wrote to a fri5d at ?is "t1 ,i am n[ writ+ no?+ b songs great & small4 ,i c h>dly tell y h[ delightful x is to write = ! voice1 z comp>$ ) in/rum5tal composition2 & :at a tumult & /rife ,i feel )9 me z ,i sit d[n to x4 ,i h br\ght =? q new ?+s 9 ?is l9e4 ,9 lett]s to 8 wife he is q z impassion$ ov] 8 song writ+ z ! foll[+ quotations indicate3 ,s9ce ye/]day morn+1 ,i h writt5 tw5ty-sev5 pages ( music 7some?+ new ( :i* ,i c tell y no?+ m ?an t ,i h laugh$ & wept = joy 9 compos+ !m74 ,:5 ,i compos$ !m my s\l 0 )9 y\rs4 ,)\t su* a bride1 inde$ no "o c\ld write su* music2 once m ,i h compos$ s mu* t x seems almo/ uncanny4 ,alas6 ,i _c help x3 ,i c\ld s+ myself to dea? l a night+ale4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ye> ( 8 m>riage ,s*umann wrote "o hundr$ ( ! two hundr$ & =ty-five songs t are attribut$ to him4 ,9 ! publi%$ collections ( 8 works1 !re are ?ree songs attribut$ to ,s*umann :i* are kn[n to be f ! p5 ( 8 tal5t$ wife4 ,z 9 8 piano compositions ,s*umann avoid$ long pieces & pref]r$ collections ( comp>atively %ort pieces1 su* z ^? 9 ! ,c>naval1 ,kreisl]iana1 ,papillons1 s 9 8 e>ly works = ! voice ,s*umann *ose to write %ort songs :i* 7 gr\p$ 9 ! =m ( cycles4 ,sev5 ( ^! cycles are p>ticul>ly well kn[n4 ,!y are "h giv5 toge!r ) ! be/ kn[n songs f ea* gr\p4 ,cycle ,songs ,li$]kreis ,i* w&elte unt] d5 ,baeum54 ,mit ,myr!n und ,ros54 ,die ,lotusblume4 ,myr!n ,lass mi* ihm am ,bus5 hang54 ,du bi/ wie e9e ,blume4 ,d] ,nussbaum4 ,ei*5dorff ,li$]kreis ,waldesgesprae*4 ,fruehl+sna*t4 ,w&]lu/4 ,k]n] ,cycle ,frage4 ,/ille ,?ra554 ,o1 ,r+ an me9em ,f+]4 ,frau5liebe und ,leb5 ,er1 d] ,h]rli*/e von ,all54 ,i* grolle ni*t4 ,di*t]liebe ,im wund]s*o55 ,mai4 ,i* hab' im ,traum gewe9et4 ,?ree ( ! songs 9 ?is ,liebesfruehl+ ,cycle are attribut$ to ,cl>a ,s*umann4 ,critics seem to be agre$ t ,s*umann's tal5t gradually det]iorat$ z 8 m5tal disease increas$4 ,consequ5tly1 ) b few exceptions 8 be/ song works are to be f\nd among 8 e>ly vocal compositions4 ,i h tri$ repeat$ly to br+ =? "s ( ! less] kn[n songs ( ,s*umann & h "t & aga9 devot$ long p]iods to _! /udy1 b app>5tly ! public1 by an unmi/akable indication ( lack ( approval1 w h none ( !m4 ,evid5tly1 ! songs by :i* ,s*umann is n[ be/ kn[n are 8 be/ works f ! /&po9t ( popul> appreciation4 ,popul> approval tak5 9 ! aggregate is a mighty det]m9+ factor4 ,! survival ( ! fitte/ applies to songs z well z to o!r ?+s 9 life4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly s 9 ! case ( ! f\r fam\s songs1 ,die beid5 ,gr5adi]e1 ,widmung1 ,d] ,nussbaum & ,i* grolle ni*t1 :i* nev] seem to dim9i% 9 popul>ity4 ,,s*umann',s ,,love ,,= ,,! ,,romantic ,s*umann's f]vid imag9ation readily l$ to a love = ! romantic4 ,8 e>ly fondness = ! works ( ,jean ,paul develop$ into a k9d ( life t5d5cy1 :i* result$ 9 w9n+ him ! title ( ! ,tone-,poet ( ,romanticism4 ,few ( 8 songs1 h[ev]1 are really dramatic4 ,waldesgesprae*1 :i* ,rob]t ,franz call$ a pian(orte piece ) a voice "p add$1 is probably ! be/ ( ,s*umann's dramatic-romantic songs4 ,i h always f\nd t audi5ces are v p>tial to ?is song2 & x may be sung by a female voice z well z ! male voice4 ,! ,two ,gr5adi]s is /rictly a man's song4 ,i* grolle ni*t1 :ile sung mo/ly by m51 may1 l ! ,erl-,k+ ( ,s*ub]t1 be sung q z successfully by wom5 s+]s possess+ ! qualities ( dep? & dramatic int5sity4 ,,peculi> ,,difficulties ,,9 ,,int]pret+ ,,s*umann ,,songs ,i h already m5tion$ ! necessity = simplicity 9 connection ) ! int]pretation ( ! ,s*umann songs4 ,i ne$ n tell ! read]s ( ^! pages t ! prop] int]pretation ( ^! songs requires a mu* m ext5sive & difficult k9d ( prep>atory "w ?an ! m %[y coloratura works :i* to ! novice (t5 seem va/ly m difficult4 ,! v simplicity ( ! ,s*ub]t & ,s*umann songs makes !m m difficult to s+ prop]ly ?an ! works ( writ]s :o adopt$ a some:at m complicat$ /yle4 ,! smalle/ vocal discrepancies become app>5t at once & x is only by ! mo/ int5se application & great att5tion to detail t x is possible = ! s+] to br+ h] art to a /&>d t w /& ! te/ ( ^! simple1 b v difficult works4 ,too mu* coloratura s++ is liable to rob ! voice ( its fullness & is n to be recomm5d$ z a prep>ation = ! s+] :o w\ld become a s+] ( ! mod]n art songs4 ,?is does n mean t scales & arpeggios are to be avoid$4 ,9 fact ! flexibility & control dem&$ ( ! s+]s ( art songs are q z great z t requir$ ( ! coloratura s+]4 ,! /ud5t mu/ h h] full quota ( vocal ex]cises be=e %e %\ld ?9k ( attempt+ ! ,s*umann ,li$]4 ,,s*umann',s ,,popul>ity ,,9 ,,am]ica ,am]icans seem to be p>ticul>ly fond ( ,s*umann4 ,:5 arti/s are engag$ = conc]t p]=mances x is ! cu/om 9 ?is c\ntry to pres5t optional programs to ! manag]s ( ! local conc]t ent]prises4 ,^! manag]s repres5t all possible k9ds ( ta/e4 ,x is ! exp]i5ce ( mo/ conc]t arti/s t ! ,s*umann selections are almo/ inv>iably *os54 ,?is is true ( ! ,we/ z well z ( ! ,s\? & ,ea/4 ,"o section ( ! program is )\t exception devot$ to :at !y call classical songs & by ?is !y mean ! be/ songs r ?an ! songs ^: *ief claim is t !y are f ! old ,italian s*ools ( ,c>issimi1 ,sc>latti1 etc4 ,i make x a special po9t to pres5t z _m songs z possible ) ,engli% words4 ,! ,engli% language is n a difficult language 9 :i* to s+2 & :5 ! translation co9cides ) ! orig9al ,i c see no reason :y ,am]ican read]s :o may n be famili> ) a =eign tongue %\ld be d5i$ ! privilege ( und]/&+ :at ! song is ab\t4 ,if !y d n und]/&1 :y s+ words at all8 ,:y n vocalize ! melodies ^u "s v[el8 ,songs1 h[ev]1 7 meant to comb9e poetry & music2 & unless ! audi5ce has ! b5efit ( und]/&+ bo?1 x has be5 defraud$ ( "o ( its *ief delights4 ,"s ,g]man poems1 h[ev]1 are almo/ untranslatable4 ,x is = ?is reason t _m ( ! works ( ,loewe1 = in/ance1 h nev] atta9$ wide popul>ity4 ,! leg5ds :i* ,loewe employ$ are (t5 delightful1 b ! difficulties ( translation are su* t ! orig9al mean+ is ei!r m>r$ or de/roy$4 ,! songs or ballads ( ,loewe1 )\t ! words1 d n seem to grasp ,am]ican audi5ces & s+]s f9d x a ?ankless task to try to =ce !m ^u ! public4 ,i h be5 s long 9 ,am]ica t ,i feel x my duty to %>e 9 popul>iz+ ! works ( ! _m tal5t$ ,am]ican compos]s4 ,i frequ5tly place ,mac,dowell's beautiful songs on my programs2 & ! works ( _m o!r ,am]ican compos]s1 includ+ ,mrs4 ,h4 ,h4 ,a4 ,bea*1 ,sidney ,hom]1 ,frank ,le ,=ge & o!rs make f9e conc]t numb]s4 ,x has seem$ to me t ,am]ica has a l>ge future 9 ! field ( lyric composition4 ,am]ican poets h long s9ce won _! place 9 ! int]national ,hall ( ,fame4 ,! lyrical _s :i* !y h express$ v]bally w surely be imbu$ 9 ! music ( ,am]ican compos]s4 ,! opportunity is already "h4 ,am]icans dem& ! be/ ! _w c produce4 ,x makes no diff]5ce :at ! nationality ( ! compos]4 ,h[ev]1 ,am]icans are fir/ ( all patriotic2 & ! compos] :o produces real lyric ma/]pieces is n likely to be ask$ to wait = fame & compet5ce1 z did ,s*ub]t & ,s*umann4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mme4 ,,amelita ,,galli-,,curci4 7,c7 ,victor ,georg4 ,,mme4 ,,amelita ,,galli-,,curci ,,biographical ,mme4 ,galli-,curci 0 born at ,milan1 ,novemb] #ah?1 #ahhi1 ( a family di/+ui%$ 9 ! arts & 9 ! pr(essions4 ,%e ent]$ ! ,milan ,cons]vatory1 w9n+ ! fir/ prize & diploma 9 piano play+ 9 #aijc4 ,= a "t aft] h] graduation %e t\r$ z a piani/ & !n resolv$ to become a s+]4 ,%e is practically self-taught 9 ! vocal art4 ,h] debut 0 made 9 ,rome at ! ,teatro ,con/anzi1 9 ! role ( ,gilda 9 ,rigoletto4 ,%e 0 pron\nc$ly successful f ! v />t4 ,dur+ ! next six ye>s %e sang pr9cipally 9 ,italy1 ,s\? ,am]ica 7,?ree ,t\rs71 & 9 ,spa91 h] success increas+ ) e appe>ance4 ,9 #aiaf %e appe>$ at ,*icago ) ! ,*icago ,op]a ,company1 creat+ a furore4 ,! exceptionally beautiful records ( h] int]pretations creat$ an imm5se dem& to he> h] 9 conc]t1 & h] successes ev]y:]e h be5 hi/oric4 ,n s9ce ,patti has !re be5 a s+] ^u :om su* wide-spread critical comm5t has be5 made 9 praise ( h] exquisite velvety quality ( tone1 vocal te*nic & int]pretative intellig5ce4 ,hail$ z ,patti's only successor1 %e has met ) great] popul> success 9 op]a & conc]t ?an any ( ! s+]s ( rec5t ye>s4 ,9 #aiba %e m>ri$ ! gift$ ,am]ican compos]1 ,hom] ,samuels1 :o = _m ye>s _h be5 ! piani/ ^u h] t\rs4 ,,tea*+ ,,y\rself ,,to ,,s+ ,,mme4 ,,amelita ,,galli-,,curci ,j :at influ5ce h]$ity may h ^u ! musical art & ^u musicians has1 ( c\rse1 be5 a mu* discuss$ "q4 ,9 my own case1 ,i 0 =tunate 9 hav+ a fa!r :o1 al?\gh engag$ 9 ano!r vocation1 0 a f9e amateur musician4 ,my gr&fa!r 0 a conductor & my gr&mo!r 0 an op]a s+] ( di/9ction 9 ,italy4 ,l myself1 %e 0 a coloratura soprano1 & ,i c recollect ) joy h] voice & h] me?od ( s++4 ,ev5 at ! age ( sev5ty-five h] voice 0 wond]fully well pres]v$1 because %e always sang ) ! greate/ ease & ) none ( ! =c$ ?roat re/rictions :i* make ! "w ( s _m s+]s insuff]able4 ,my own musical education began at ! age ( five1 :5 ,i comm5c$ to play ! piano4 ,mean:ile ,i sang ar\nd ! h\se1 & my gr&mo!r us$ to say 9 good humor3 ,keep x up1 my de>2 p]haps "s day y may be a bett] s+] ?an ,i am4 ,my fa!r1 h[ev]1 0 m s]i\sly int]e/$ 9 in/rum5tal music1 & desir$ t ,i %\ld become a piani/4 ,h[ =tunate = me6 ,o!rwise1 ,i %\ld nev] h _h t ?or\gh musical drill :i* gave me an acqua9tance ) ! art :i* ,i _c believe c\ld come 9 any o!r way4 ,mascagni 0 a v good fri5d ( our family & took a great int]e/ 9 my play+4 ,he came to our h\se v frequ5tly1 & 8 advice & inspiration naturally meant mu* to a "y1 impressionable girl4 ,,g5]al ,,education ,my g5]al education 0 v c>efully gu>d$ by my fa!r1 :o s5t me to ! be/ s*ools 9 ,milan1 "o ( :i* 0 "u ! managem5t ( ,g]mans1 & x 0 !re t ,i acquir$ my acqua9tance ) ! ,g]man language4 ,i 0 !n s5t to ! ,cons]vatorio1 & graduat$ ) a gold m$al z a piani/4 ,?is won me "s di/9ction 9 ,italy & enabl$ me to t\r z a piani/4 ,i did n pret5d to play ! big1 exhau/ive works1 b my programs 7 made up ( su* pieces z ! ,abeg ( ,s*umann1 /udies by ,s*>w5ka1 impromptus ( ,*op91 ! f\r s*]zos ( ,*op91 ! fir/ ballade1 ! nocturnes 7! fif? 9 ! book 0 my favorite7 & works ( ,ba*4 7,( c\rse1 ,i _h be5 ?r\gh ! ,wohltemp]i]tes ,clavi]47 ,9 ^? days ,i 0 v frail1 & ,i _h aspir$ to develop my rep]toire s t lat] ,i c\ld include ! great works = ! piano requir+ a m or less exhau/ive te*nic ( ! bravura type4 ,once ,i w5t to he> ,busoni1 & aft] ! conc]t1 came to me l a revelation1 ,y c nev] be su* a piani/ z he4 ,y\r h& & y\r physical /r5g? w n p]mit x4 ,i w5t home 9 m or less sadness1 kn[+ t despite ! success ,i _h _h 9 my piano play+1 my decision 0 a wise "o4 ,figuratively1 ,i clos$ ! lid ( my piano ^u my c>e] z a piani/ & decid$ to le>n h[ to s+4 ,! memory ( my gr&mo!r's voice s++ ,bell9i's ,qui la ,voce 0 /ill r++ 9 my e>s ) ! lovely purity ( tone t %e possess$4 ,mascagni call$ ^u u at t "t1 & ,i ask$ him to he> me s+4 ,he did s1 & ?rew up 8 h&s1 say+1 ,:y 9 ! _w h y be5 wa/+ y\r "t ) piano play+ :5 y h a natural voice l t8 ,su* voices are born4 ,/>t to "w at once to develop y\r voice4 ,mean:ile1 ( c\rse1 ,i _h he>d a great deal ( s++ & a great deal ( s-call$ voice tea*+4 ,i w5t to two tea*]s 9 ,milan1 b 0 s dissatisfi$ ) :at ,i he>d f !m & f _! pupils t ,i 0 det]m9$ t x w\ld be necess>y = me to develop my own voice4 ,please d n take ?is z an inf]5ce t all vocal tea*]s are bad or are disp5sable4 ,my own case 0 peculi>4 ,i _h be5 saturat$ ) musical traditions s9ce my babyhood4 ,i _h _h1 9 addition1 a v f9e musical tra9+4 ,( c\rse1 )\t ?is ,i c\ld n h attempt$ to d :at ,i did 9 ! way ( self-tra9+4 ,nev]!less1 x is my firm conviction t unless ! /ud5t ( s++ has 9 8 bra9 & 9 8 s\l ^? p[]s ( judg+ = himself :e!r ! quality ( a tone1 ! intonation 7pit*71 ! %ad+1 ! purity & ! resonance are :at !y %\ld be to insure ! highe/ arti/ic results1 x w be next to impossible = him to secure ^!4 ,?is is :at is meant by ! phrase--s+]s are born & n made4 ,! p[] ( discrim9ation1 ! judgm5t1 etc41 mu/ be inh]5t4 ,no tea*] c possibly give !m to a pupil1 except 9 an artificial way4 ,t1 possibly1 is ! reason :y s _m /ud5ts s+ l p>rots3 because !y h ! p[] ( mimicry1 b no?+ comes f )94 ,! f9e tea*] c1 ( c\rse1 take a f9e s5se ( tonal values1 etc41 &1 provid$ ! /ud5t has a really good natural voice1 lead him to reveal to himself ! ways 9 :i* he c use 8 voice to ! be/ advantage4 ,add to ?is a f9e musical tra9+1 & we h a s+]4 ,b no tea*] c give to a voice t velvety smoo?ness1 t liquid flu5cy1 t bell-l cl>ity :i* ! e> ( ! educat$ musician expects1 & :i* ! public at l>ge dem&s1 unless ! /ud5t has ! p[] ( det]m9+ = himself :at is good & :at is bad4 ,,f\r ,,ye>s ,,( ,,h>d ,,tra9+ ,x 0 no easy matt] to give up ! gratify+ success :i* att5d$ my piani/ic appe>ances to beg9 a long t]m ( self-/udy1 self-developm5t4 ,yet ,i realiz$ t x w\ld h>dly be possible = me to accompli% :at ,i desir$ 9 less ?an f\r ye>s4 ,!re=e1 ,i work$ daily = f\r ye>s1 drill+ myself ) ! greate/ c>e 9 scales1 arpeggios & su/a9$ tones4 ,! colorature facility ,i seem$ to possess naturally1 to a c]ta9 ext5t2 b ,i realiz$ t only by h>d & pati5t "w w\ld x be possible to h all my runs1 trills1 etc41 s t !y always w\ld be smoo?1 articulate & free--t is1 unre/rict$--at any "t4 ,i /udi$ ! roles 9 :i* ,i aspir$ to appe>1 & att5d$ ! op]a fai?fully to he> f9e s++1 z well z bad s++4 ,z ! "w w5t on x became m & m enjoyable4 ,i felt t ,i 0 ^u ! "r pa?1 & t meant ev]y?+4 ,if ,i _h cont9u$ z a piani/ ,i c\ld nev] h be5 m ?an a m$iocrity1 & t ,i c\ld n h tol]at$4 ,ab\t ?is "t came a crisis 9 my fa!r's bus9ess2 x became necess>y = me to tea*4 ,accord+ly1 ,i took a numb] ( piano pupils & enjoy$ t phase ( my "w v mu* inde$4 ,i gave lessons = f\r ye>s1 & 9 my sp>e "t work$ ) my voice1 all by myself1 ) my fri5d1 ! piano4 ,my guid+ pr9ciples 73 ,!re mu/ be z little consci\sness ( ef=t 9 ! ?roat z possible4 ,!re mu/ always be ! ,joy ( ,s++4 ,success is bas$ ^u s5sation1 :e!r x feels "r to me 9 my m\?1 9 my ?roat1 t ,i "k1 & nobody else c tell me4 ,i rememb] t my gr&mo!r1 :o sang ,una voce poco fa at sev5ty-five1 always caution$ me to nev] =ce a s+le tone4 ,i did n /udy ex]cises l ^? ( ,concone1 ,pan(ka1 ,bordogni1 etc41 because !y seem$ to me a wa/e ( "t 9 my case4 ,i did n require musical k1 b ne$$ special drill4 ,i knew :]e my weak spots 74 ,:at 0 ! use ( vocal /udies :i* requir$ me to d a lot ( "w & only occasionally t\*$ ^? portions ( my voice :i* ne$$ special att5tion8 ,le>n+ a rep]toire 0 a great task 9 itself1 & !re 0 no "t to wa/e ^u any?+ ,i did n actually ne$4 ,because ( ! natural flu5cy ,i h m5tion$1 ,i devot$ mo/ ( my "t to sl[] ex]cises at fir/4 ,:at c\ld be simpl] ?an ?is8 ,illu/ration3 musical notation3 ,ex4 #a ,^!1 ( c\rse1 7 sung 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t range 9 my voice4 ,! m rapid ex]cises ,i took f ,c to ,f above ! treble /aff4 ,illu/ration3 musical notation3 ,ex4 #b ,ev5 to ?is day ,i s+ up to high ,f e day1 9 ord] t ,i may be sure t ,i h ! tones to ,e bel[ 9 public "w4 ,ano!r ex]cise :i* ,i us$ v frequ5tly 0 ?is1 9 ! =m ( a trill4 ,great c>e 0 tak5 to h ! intonation 7pit*7 absolutely accurate 9 ! rapid passages1 z well z 9 ! sl[ passages4 ,illu/ration3 musical notation3 ,ex4 #c ,:5 ,i _h rea*$ a c]ta9 po9t1 ,i det]m9$ t x might be possible = me to get an engagem5t4 ,i 0 !n tw5ty1 & my de> "m 0 horrifi$ at ! idea ( my go+ on ! /age s "y4 ,%e 0 afraid ( evil influ5ces4 ,9 my own m9d ,i realiz$ t evil 0 ev]y:]e1 9 bus9ess1 society1 ev]y:]e1 & t if "o 0 to keep out ( dirt & come out dean1 "o mu/ make "o's art ! object fir/ ( all4 ,art is s great1 s all-consum+1 t any "o ) a deep rev]5ce = its beauties1 its gr&eur1 c h b little "t = ! l[] ?+s ( life4 ,all t an arti/ calls = 9 8 s\l is to be p]mitt$ to "w at 8 be/ 9 8 art4 ,!n1 & !n only1 is he happie/4 ,because ( my "m's opposition1 & because ,i felt ,i 0 /rong en\gh to resi/ ! temptations :i* %e knew ,i might enc\nt]1 ,i virtually elop$ ) a copy ( ,rigoletto "u my arm & made my way = ! ,teatro ,con/anzi1 ! lead+ ,op]a ,h\se ( ,rome4 ,i might readily h secur$ lett]s f influ5tial musical fri5ds1 su* z ,mascagni & o!rs1 b ,i det]m9$ t x w\ld be be/ to secure an engagem5t ^u my own m]its1 if ,i c\ld1 & !n ,i w\ld "k :e!r or n ,i 0 really prep>$ to make my debut1 or :e!r ,i _h bett] /udy m4 ,i w5t to ! manag]'s (fice &1 appeal+ to 8 bus9ess s5se1 told him t1 z ,i 0 a "y unkn[n s+]1 he c\ld secure my s]vices = little money1 & begg$ = p]mission to s+ = him4 ,i knew he 0 beset by su* reque/s1 b he imm$iately gave me a he>+1 & ,i 0 engag$ = "o p]=mance ( ,rigoletto4 ,! night ( ! debut came1 & ,i 0 oblig$ to s+ ,c>o ,nome aga9 9 response to a vocif]\s encore4 ,?is 0 foll[$ by o!r successes1 & ,i 0 engag$ = two ye>s = a ,s\? ,am]ican t\r1 "u ! direction ( my good fri5d & advis]1 ! great op]atic director1 ,mugnone4 ,9 ,s\? ,am]ica !re 0 en?usiasm ev]y:]e1 b all ! "t ,i kept work+ con/antly ) my voice1 /riv+ to p]fect details4 ,at ! end ( ! ,s\? ,am]ican t\r ,i desir$ to visit ,new ,york & f9d out :at ,am]ica 0 l4 ,because ( ! w> ,europe 0 op]atically impossible 7x 0 #aiaf71 b ,i _h n ! slighte/ idea ( s++ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates j !n4 ,by m]e/ accid5t ,i ran into an ,am]ican fri5d 7,mr4 ,?orn]7 on ,broadway4 ,he _h he>d me s+ 9 ,italy1 & imm$iately took me to ,mae/ro ,campan9i1 :o 0 look+ !n = a coloratura soprano to s+ = only two p]=mances 9 ,*icago1 z ! rema9d] ( 8 program 0 fill$ = ! ye>4 ,?is 0 9 ! spr+time1 & x meant t ,i 0 to rema9 9 ,new ,york until ,octob] & ,novemb]4 ,! opportunity seem$ l an unusual accid5t ( fate1 & ,i resolv$ to /ay1 /udy+ my own voice all ! :ile to improve x m & m4 ,octob] & ! debut 9 ,rigoletto came4 ,! applause a/\nd$ me2 x 0 electric1 l a ?und]/orm4 ,no "o 0 m a/oni%$ ?an ,i4 ,engagem5ts & (f]s came f ev]y:]e1 b n en\gh1 ,i hope1 to ev] induce me n to believe t 9 ! vocal art "o mu/ cont9ually /rive = high] & high] goals4 ,laz9ess1 indiff]5ce & lassitude :i* come ) success are ! ru9 ( ,art & ! arti/4 ,! normal heal?y arti/ ) ! "r ideals nev] rea*es 8 ,z5i?4 ,if he did1 or if he ?\ght he did1 8 c>e] w\ld come to a sudd5 end4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>y ,,g>d54 7,c7 ,mi%k94 ,,m>y ,,g>d5 ,,biographical ,m>y ,g>d5 0 born ,febru>y #bj?1 #ahgg1 9 ,ab]de51 ,scotl&4 ,%e came to ,am]ica ) h] p>5ts :5 %e 0 eight ye>s ( age & 0 br\ght up 9 ,*icopee1 ,massa*usetts1 ,h>t=d1 ,connecticut1 & ,*icago1 ,ill9ois4 ,%e /udi$ ! viol9 :5 %e 0 six & ! piano :5 %e 0 twelve4 ,x 0 ! ambition ( h] p>5ts to make h] an in/rum5tal p]=m]4 ,%e /udi$ voice ) ,mrs4 ,s4 ,r4 ,duff1 :o 9 "t took h] to ,p>is & plac$ h] "u ! in/ruction ( ,trabadello & ,luci5 ,fug]e4 ,h] op]atic debut 0 made 9 ,*>p5ti]'s ,l\ise at ! ,op]a ,comique 9 #aijj4 ,h] success 0 imm$iate bo? z an actress & z a s+]4 ,%e 0 *os5 by ,debussy & o!rs = especially intricate roles4 ,%e creat$ ! role ( ,melis&e2 also1 ,fiammette 9 ,l>\x's ,la ,re9e ,fiammette4 ,9 #aijg %e made h] ,am]ican debut 9 ,?ais at ! ,manhattan ,op]a ,h\se 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,lat] %e accept$ lead+ roles ) ! ,philadelphia-,*icago ,op]a ,co4 ,%e is consid]$ by _m ! f9e/ s++ actress liv+--h] hi/rionic gifts be+ 9 e way equal to h] vocal gifts4 ,9 #aiba %e 0 made ! manag] ( ! ,*icago ,op]a ,company4 ,,! ,,"k ,,h[ ,,9 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,s++ ,,m>y ,,g>d5 ,! mod]n op]a s+] _c cont5t h]self m]ely ) ! "k h[ ( s++4 ,t is1 %e mu/ be able to "k s mu* m ?an ! m]e elem5tal facts ( voice production t x w\ld take volumes to give an intimation ( ! real requirem5ts4 ,! girl :o wants to s+ 9 op]a mu/ h "o ?\ght & "o ?\ght only--:at w contribute to my musical1 hi/rionic & arti/ic success8 ,unless ! c>e] comes fir/ !re is n likely to be any c>e]4 ,i wond] if ! public ev] realizes :at ?is sacrifice means to an arti/e--to a woman4 ,( c\rse1 !re are great recomp5ses--! ?rill t comes ) arti/ic triumphs--! s5sations t accompany a*ievem5t--:o b ! arti/ c "k :at ?is means--! joy ( br++ to life "s great ma/]piece8 ,music manife/s itself 9 *ildr5 at a v e>ly age4 ,x is v r>e inde$ t x comes to ! surface lat] 9 life4 ,i 0 always musical4 ,only ! m$ia *ang$--"o "t x 0 viol91 !n piano1 !n voice4 ,! dolls ( my si/]s only annoy$ me because ,i c\ld n tol]ate dolls4 ,!y seem$ a wa/e ( "t to me1 & :5 !y _h pap] dolls1 ,i w\ld g into ! room :5 nobody 0 look+ & cut ! dolls' heads (f4 ,i h nev] be5 able to acc\nt = my delight 9 do+ ?is4 ,my fa!r 0 musical4 ,he want$ me to be a musician1 b he _h little ?\ght at fir/ ( my be+ a s+]4 ,accord+ly1 at eight ,i 0 possess$ ( a fiddle4 ,?is meant m to me ?an all ! dolls 9 ! _w4 ,oh1 h[ ,i lov$ t viol91 :i* ,i c\ld make speak j by draw+ a b[ ov] x6 ,!re 0 some?+ wor? :ile4 ,i 0 only z big z a m9ute1 &1 ( c\rse1 z soon z ,i c\ld play ! r\t9e ?+s ( de ,b]iot1 v>iations & ! l1 ,i 0 consid]$ "o ( ^? abom9able ?+s1 an infant prodigy4 ,i 0 br\ght out to play = fri5ds & any musical p]son :o c\ld /& x4 ,!n ,i gave a conc]t1 & my fa!r saw ! f+] ( de/9y po9t+ to my c>e] z a great viol9i/4 ,to me ! f+] ( de/9y po9t$ ! o!r way2 because ,i imm$iately sick5$ ( ! viol9 & dropp$ x =ev]4 ,yes1 ,i c\ld play n[ if ,i _h to1 b y probably w\ldn't want to he> me4 ,ah1 b ,i d play4 ,i play e "t ,i s+4 ,! viol9 taught me ! ne$ = p]fect intonation1 flu5cy 9 execution1 ev] s _m ?+s4 ,!n came ! piano4 ,"h 0 a new arti/ic toy4 ,i work$ v h>d ) x4 ,my si/] & ,i w5t back to ,ab]de5 = a season ( private s*ool1 & ,i kept up my piano until ,i c\ld play acceptably _m ( ! be/-kn[n compositions1 ,grieg1 ,*op91 etc41 be+ my favorites4 ,i 0 nev] a v f9e piani/1 und]/& me1 b ! piano unlock$ ! doors to ?\s&s ( musical treasure h\ses--admitt$ me to musical lit]ature ?r\gh ! ma9 gate1 & has be5 ( invaluable aid to me 9 my c>e]4 ,see my f+]s1 h[ long & ?9 !y are--( c\rse1 ,i 0 a capable piani/--long1 supple f+]s1 comb9$ ) my musical exp]i5ce ga9$ 9 viol9 play+1 made t c]ta94 ,!n ,i dropp$ ! piano4 ,dropp$ x at once4 ,its possibilities /ood reveal$ be=e me1 & !y 7 n to be ! limit ( my ambitions4 ,= ! girl :o hopes to be an op]atic /> !re c\ld be no?+ bett] ?an a good drill+ 9 viol9 or piano4 ,! girl has no bus9ess to s+ :ile %e is yet a *ild--& %e is t until %e is sixte5 or ov]4 ,bett] let h] "w h>d gett+ a good g5]al education & a good musical education4 ,! voice w keep1 & x w be sweet] & fre%] if x is n ov]us$ 9 *ildhood4 ,once1 ) my he>t set ^u becom+ a s+]1 my fa!r =tunately took me to ,mrs4 ,rob9son ,duff1 ( ,*icago4 ,to h]1 my m5tor to ?is day1 ,i owe mu* ( my vocal success4 ,i 0 v "y & v emotional1 ) a long pigtail d[n my back4 ,at fir/ ! "w did n enrapture me1 = ,i c\ld n see ! use ( sp5d+ s mu* "t ^u brea?+4 ,n[ ,i realize :at x did = me4 ,:at %\ld ! girl />t+ s++ avoid8 ,fir/1 let h] avoid an incompet5t tea*]4 ,!re are tea*]s1 = in/ance1 :o delib]ately tea* ! /roke ( ! glottis 7c\p de glotte74 ,:at is ! /roke ( ! glottis8 ,! lips ( ! vocal cords 9 ! l>ynx are press$ toge!r s t ! air becomes compress$ beh9d !m & in/ead ( com+ out 9 a /eady1 unimp$$ /ream1 x causes a k9d ( explosion4 ,say ! ^w up 9 ! ?roat v =cibly & y w get ! "r idea4 ,?is is a mo/ p]nici\s habit4 ,someh[1 x crept into "s phases ( vocal tea*+1 & has rema9$4 ,x leads to a con/ant irritation ( ! ?roat & ru9 to ! vocal organs4 ,:5 ,i w5t to ,p>is1 ,mrs4 ,duff took me to _m ( ! lead+ vocal tea*]s ( ! city1 & said1 ,n[1 ,m>y1 ,i want y to use y\r own judgm5t 9 pick+ out a tea*]1 because if y don't l ! tea*] y w n succe$4 ,?us we w5t ar\nd f /udio to /udio4 ,"o ask$ me to d ?is--to hum--to make funny1 unnatural noises1 any?+ b s+4 ,f9ally1 ,trabadello1 n[ retir$ to 8 c\ntry home1 really ask$ me to s+ 9 a normal1 natural way1 n z a freak4 ,i said to myself1 ,?is is ! tea*] = me4 ,i c\ld n h _h a bett] "o4 ,look out = tea*]s ) freak me?ods--t5 to "o !y are mak+ y "o ( _! exp]im5ts4 ,!re is no?+ t any voice tea*] has ev] f\nd sup]ior to giv+ simple scales & ex]cises sung ^u ! syllables ,lah 7ah1 z 9 h>bor71 ,leh 7eh1 z 9 !y71 ,lee 7ee1 z 9 me74 ,) a good tea*] to keep wat* ov] ! brea?+ & ! quality1 :at m c "o h8 ,i h always believ$ 9 a great _m scales & 9 a great deal ( s++ florid roles 9 ,italian4 ,italian is inimitable = ! s+]4 ,! dulcet1 velvet-l "* ( ! language gives some?+ :i* no?+ else c imp>t4 ,x does n make any diff]5ce :e!r y purpose s++ 9 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,engli%1 ,russian or ,s\danese1 y w ga9 mu* f ex]cis+ 9 ,italian4 ,/accato practice is valuable4 ,"h is an ex]cise :i* ,i take ne>ly e day ( my life3 ,illu/ration3 musical notation ,! /accato mu/ be controll$ f ! diaphragm1 h[ev]1 & ?is comes only aft] a great deal ( "w4 ,?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r a day practice suffices me4 ,i f9d x injuri\s to practice too long4 ,b ,i /udy = h\rs4 ,su* a role z ,aphrodite ,i take quietly & s+ x ov] m5tally "t & "t aga9 )\t mak+ a s\nd4 ,i /udy ! h>monies1 ! nuances1 ! phras+1 ! brea?+1 s t :5 ! "t = s++ x comes ,i "k x & d n wa/e my voice by go+ ov] x "t & aga91 z "s s+]s d4 ,9 ! end ,i f9d t ,i "k x bett] = ?is k9d ( /udy4 ,! /udy ( act+ has be5 a v p]sonal matt] ) me4 ,i h nev] be5 ?r\gh any c\rses ( /udy1 su* z t giv5 9 dramatic s*ools4 ,?is may d = "s p1 b x w\ld h be5 impossible = me4 ,!re mu/ be te*nic 9 all =ms ( art1 b x has always seem$ to me t act+ 0 "o ( ! arts 9 :i* ! individual mu/ make 8 own te*nic4 ,i h se5 _m repres5tatives ( ! s*ools ( act+ "h & abroad4 ,sometimes _! p]=mances1 bas$ ^u te*nical /udies ( ! art1 result 9 sup]b act+4 ,aga91 _! "w is altoge!r indiff]5t4 ,te*nic 9 act+ is m likely to suppress ?an to inspire4 ,if act+ is n inspir$1 x is no?+4 ,i /udy ! human emotions t w\ld naturally und]lie ! sc5e 9 :i* ,i am plac$--!n ,i ?9k :at "o w\ld be mo/ likely to d "u su* conditions4 ,:5 ! actual "t ( appe>ance on ! /age arrives1 ,i =get all ab\t ?is & make myself ! p]son ( ! role4 ,?is is ! ,italian me?od r ?an ! ,fr5*4 ,!re are1 to my m9d1 no great] actors liv+ ?an ,duse & ,zac*ona1 & !y are bo? expon5ts ( ! natural me?od t ,i employ4 ,great act+ has always impress$ me wond]fully4 ,i w5t f ,p>is to ,london repeat$ly to see ,be]bohm ,tree 9 8 be/ roles4 ,sir ,h]b]t 0 n always uni=mly f9e1 b he 0 a great actor & ,i le>n$ mu* f wat*+ him4 ,once ,i induc$ ,debussy to make ! trip to see him act4 ,debussy 0 delight$4 ,debussy6 ,ah1 :at a r>e g5ius--my greate/ fri5d 9 ,art6 ,ev]y?+ he wrote we w5t ov] toge!r4 ,he 0 a t]ribly exact+ ma/]4 ,few p 9 ,am]ica realize :at a transc5d5t piani/ he 04 ,! piano seem$ to be ?9k+1 feel+1 vibrat+ :ile he 0 at ! keybo>d4 ,"t & aga9 we w5t ov] 8 pr9cipal works1 note = note4 ,n[ & !n he w\ld /op & clasp 8 h&s ov] 8 face 9 sudd5 sil5ce1 repeat+1 ,x is all wrong--x is all wrong4 ,b he 0 too good a tea*] to let x g at t4 ,he c\ld tell me exactly :at 0 wrong & h[ to rem$y x4 ,:5 ,i fir/ sang = him1 at ! "t :5 !y 7 ab\t to produce ,pelleas & ,melis&e at ! ,op]a ,comique1 ,i ?\ght t ,i _h n pleas$ him4 ,b ,i le>n$ lat] t he _h said to ,m4 ,c>re1 ! director3 ,don't look = anyone else4 ,f t "t he & 8 family became my close fri5ds4 ,! fatali/ic side ( our meet+ seem$ to int]e/ him v mu*4 ,to ?9k1 he us$ to say1 t y 7 born 9 ,ab]de51 ,scotl&1 liv$ 9 ,am]ica all ^? ye>s & %\ld come to ,p>is to create my ,melis&e6 ,z ,i h said1 ,debussy 0 a gorge\s piani/4 ,he c\ld play ) ! greate/ delicacy & c\ld play 9 ! leon9e fa%ion ( ,rub9/e94 ,he 0 famili> ) ,bee?ov51 ,ba*1 ,h&el & ! classics1 & 0 devot$ to !m4 ,wagn] he c\ld n abide4 ,he call$ him a griffe papi]--a scribbl]4 ,he ?\ght t he _h no importance 9 ! _w ( music1 & to m5tion ,wagn] to him 0 l wav+ a r$ flag be=e a bull4 ,x is difficult to acc\nt = su* an op9ion4 ,wagn]1 to me1 is ! great tone colori/1 ! ma/] ( or*e/ral weal? & dramatic int5sity4 ,sometimes ,i h be5 s ,wagn]-hungry t ,i h n kn[n :at to d4 ,= ye>s ,i w5t e ye> to ,muni* to see ! wond]ful p]=mances at ! ,pr9zreg5t5 ,!at]4 ,9 clos+ let me say t x seems to me a great deal ( ! failure among "y s+]s is t !y are too impati5t to acquire ! "k h[4 ,!y want to blossom out on ! fir/ night z great prima donnas1 )\t any previ\s exp]i5ce4 ,h[ ridicul\s ?is is6 ,i work$ = a :ole ye> at ! ,op]a ,comique1 at #ajj a mon?1 s++ su* a try+ op]a z ,l\ise two & ?ree times a week4 ,:5 !y rais$ me to #age a mon? ,i ?\ght t ,i 0 ri*1 & :5 #djj a mon? came1 my =tune _h surely be5 made6 ,all ?is "t ,i 0 ga9+ preci\s exp]i5ce4 ,x c\ld n h come to me 9 any o!r way4 ,z ,i h said1 ! natural s*ool--! natural s*ool1 l t ( ! ,italians--/uff$ z x is ) glori\s r$ blood in/ead ( ! :ite bones ( te*nic 9 ! misund]/ood s5se1 0 ! only possible s*ool = me4 ,if our girls w\ld only /op hop+ to make a debut at #a1jjj a night & get d[n to real h>d "w1 ! results w\ld come mu* quick] & !re w\ld be few] brok5 he>ts4 ,,mme4 ,,alma ,,gluck ,,biographical ,mme4 ,alma ,gluck 0 born at ,jassy1 ,r\mania4 ,h] fa!r play$ ! viol91 b 0 n a pr(essional musician4 ,at ! age ( six %e 0 br\ght to ,am]ica4 ,%e 0 taught ! piano & sang naturally1 b _h no idea ( becom+ a s+]4 ,h] vocal tra9+ 0 n begun until %e 0 tw5ty ye>s ( age4 ,h] tea*]1 at t "t1 0 ,signor ,buzzi-,peccia1 ) :om %e rema9$ = ?ree ye>s1 go+ directly f 8 /udio to ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se ( ,new ,york4 ,%e rema9$ !re = ?ree ye>s1 :5 ! imm5se success ( h] conc]t "w drew h] away f op]a4 ,%e !n /udi$ ) ,jean de ,reszke1 & lat] ) ,mme4 ,sembri* = f\r or five ye>s4 ,s9ce !n %e has appe>$ 9 all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) unv>y+ success4 ,h] records h be5 among ! mo/ popul> ( any ev] issu$4 ,toge!r ) h] husb&1 ,efrem ,zimbali/1 ! di/+ui%$ viol9i/1 %e has appe>$ be=e imm5se audi5ces 9 jo9t recitals4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mme4 ,,alma ,,gluck4 7,c7 ,mi%k94 ,,build+ ,a ,,vocal ,,rep]toire ,,alma ,,gluck ,_m seem surpris$ :5 ,i tell !m t my vocal tra9+ did n beg9 until ,i 0 tw5ty ye>s ( age4 ,x seems to me t x is a v great mi/ake = any girl to beg9 ! s]i\s /udy ( s++ be=e t age1 z ! fem99e voice1 9 mo/ in/ances1 is h>dly settl$ until !n4 ,vocal /udy be=e t "t is likely to be injuri\s1 ?\gh "s survive x 9 ! h&s ( v c>eful & und]/&+ tea*]s4 ,! fir/ k9d ( a rep]toire t ! /ud5t %\ld acquire is a rep]toire ( solfeggios4 ,i am a great believ] 9 ! solfeggio4 ,us+ t = a basis1 "o is assur$ ( acquir+ facility & musical accuracy4 ,! exp]i5c$ li/5] c tell at once ! voice t has _h su* tra9+4 ,always rememb] t musician%ip c>ries "o mu* fur!r ?an a good natural voice4 ,! voice1 ev5 m ?an ! h&s1 ne$s a k9d ( exhau/ive te*nical drill4 ,?is is because 9 ?is tra9+ y are really build+ ! in/rum5t itself4 ,9 ! piano1 "o has ! in/rum5t complete be=e he beg9s2 b 9 ! case ( ! voice1 ! in/rum5t has to be develop$ & sometimes made by /udy4 ,:5 ! pupil is practic+1 tones gr[ 9 volume1 ri*ness & flu5cy4 ,!re are ex]cises by ,bordogni1 ,concone1 ,vaccai1 ,lamp]ti1 ,m>*esi1 ,pan(ka1 ,pans]son & _m o!rs ) :i* ,i am n famili>1 :i* are m>vel\sly b5eficial :5 intellig5tly /udi$4 ,^! ,i sang on ! syllable ,ah1 & n ) ! cu/om>y syllable names4 ,x has be5 said t ! syllables ,d1 ,re1 ,mi1 ,fa1 etc41 aid "o 9 read+4 ,to my m9d1 !y are (t5 confus+4 ,,g ,,to ,,! ,,classics ,aft] a ?or\gh drill+ 9 solfeggios & te*nical ex]cises1 ,i w\ld h ! /ud5t "w on ! op]atic arias ( ,bell9i1 ,ross9i1 ,donizetti1 ,v]di1 & o!rs4 ,^! m5 knew h[ to write = ! human voice6 ,_! arias are s vocal t ! voice develops "u !m & ! /ud5t ga9s vocal assurance4 ,!y 7 writt5 be=e mod]n philosophy ent]$ into music--:5 music 0 int5d$ = ! e> r ?an = ! m9d4 ,i _c lay too mu* /ress on ! importance ( us+ ^! arias4 ,!y are a tonic = ! voice1 & br+ back ! ela/icity :i* ! m subdu$ s++ ( songs taxes4 ,:5 "o is pa9t+ pictures ?r\gh words1 & try+ to create atmosph]e 9 songs1 s mu* repression is br\ght into play t ! voice mu/ h a safety-valve1 & t "o f9ds 9 ! bravura arias4 ,"h "o s+s = ab\t fifty b>s1 ,! sky is cl\d$ = me1 ,i h be5 betray$1 or ,joy ab\nds--! words be+ simply a vehicle = ! ev]-mov+ melody4 ,:5 he>+ an arti/ l ,john ,mc,cormack s+ a popul> ballad x all seems s easy1 b 9 reality songs ( t type are ! v h>de/ to s+ & mu/ h back ( !m ye>s ( h>d tra9+ or !y fall to banality4 ,!y are f> m difficult ?an ! limpid op]atic arias1 & are actually dang]\s = ! insuffici5tly tra9$ voice4 ,,! ,,lyric ,,song ,,rep]toire ,!n :5 ! /ud5t has h] voice "u complete control1 x is safe to take up ! lyric rep]toire ( ,m5delssohn1 ,old ,engli% ,songs1 etc4 ,h[ simple & *>m+ !y are6 ,! works ( ! light] ,fr5* compos]s1 ,hahn1 ,mass5et1 ,*am9ade1 ,g\nod1 & o!rs4 ,!n ,h&el1 ,haydn1 ,moz>t1 ,loewe1 ,s*ub]t1 ,s*umann & ,brahms4 ,lat] ! /ud5t w cont9ue ) ,/rauss1 ,wolf1 ,reg]1 ,rimsky-,korsak(f1 ,m\sorgsky1 ,borod9 & ,ra*man9(f4 ,!n ! mod]n ,fr5* compos]s1 ,ravel1 ,debussy1 ,georges1 ,koe*l91 ,hue1 ,*ausson1 & o!rs4 ,i leave ,fr5* = ! la/ because x is1 9 _m ways1 m difficult = an ,engli%-speak+ p]son to s+4 ,x is s full ( complex & try+ v[els t x requires ! utmo/ subtlety to ov]come ^! difficulties & /ill reta9 cl>ity 9 diction4 ,= t reason ! /ud5t %\ld h ! advice ( a native ,fr5* coa*4 ,:5 "o has travel$ ?is long road1 !n he is qualifi$ to s+ ,engli% songs & ballads4 ,,am]ican ,,songs ,9 ?is c\ntry we are ri* 9 ! quantity ( songs r ?an 9 ! quality4 ,! s+] has to g ?r\gh hundr$s ( compositions be=e he f9ds "o t really says some?+4 ,comm]cialism ov]:elms our compos]s4 ,!y approa* _! "w ) ! "q1 ,w ?is g8 ,! _s 9 :i* a "w is conceiv$ is t 9 :i* x w be execut$4 ,inspir$ by ! purse r ?an ! s\l1 ! m]c5>y side fairly screams 9 _m ( ! works put out by e-day ,am]ican publi%]s4 ,?is does n mean t a song %\ld be que] or ugly to be novel or immortal4 ,x means t ! s9c]ity ( ! art work] mu/ p]meate x z naturally z ! gre5 leaves break ?r\gh ! dead bran*es 9 spr+time4 ,( ! va/ numb] ( new ,am]ican compos]s1 !re are h>dly m ?an a doz5 :o seem to approa* _! "w 9 ! prop] _s ( arti/ic rev]5ce4 ,,art ,,= ,,art',s ,,sake1 ,a ,,f>ce ,no?+ annoys me q s mu* z ! hy/]ical hypocrites :o are =ev] prat+ ab\t art = art's sake4 ,:at nons5se6 ,! /ud5t :o deceives himself into ?9k+ t he is giv+ 8 life l an ascetic 9 ! _s ( sacrifice = art is ! victim ( a deplorable species ( egotism4 ,art = art's sake is j z iniquit\s an attitude 9 its way z art = money's sake4 ,! real arti/ has no idea t he is sacrific+ himself = art4 ,he does :at he does = "o reason & "o reason only--he c't help do+ x4 ,j z ! bird s+s or ! butt]fly so>s1 because x is 8 natural *>act]i/ic1 s ! arti/ works4 ,"t & aga9 a /ud5t w s5d me an urg5t appeal to he> h]1 say+ %e is poor & wants my advice z to :e!r x is wor? :ile to cont9ue h] /udies4 ,i inv>iably refuse su* reque/s1 say+ t if ! /ud5t c\ld give up h] "w on my advice %e _h bett] give x up )\t x4 ,"o does n /udy = a goal4 ,"o s+s because "o c't help x6 ,! goal n9e times out ( t5 is a m]e accid5t4 ,art = art's sake is ! mask ( /udio idl]s4 ,! task ( acquir+ a rep]toire 9 ^! days1 :5 ! vocal lit]ature is s imm5se1 is s ov]:elm+1 t ! /ud5t ) s5se w devote all 8 en]gies to "w1 & n imag9e himself a m>tyr to art4 ,,emilio ,,de ,,gogorza ,,biographical ,emilio ,edo>do de ,gogorza 0 born 9 ,brooklyn1 ,new ,york1 ,may #bi?1 #ahgd1 ( ,spani% p>5ts4 ,8 boyhood 0 sp5t 9 ,spa91 ,france & ,engl&4 ,9 ! la/ nam$ c\ntry he became a boy soprano & sang ) mu* success4 ,"p ( 8 education 0 receiv$ at ,ox=d4 ,he return$ to ,am]ica1 :]e 8 vocal tea*]s 7 ,c4 ,mod]ati & ,e4 ,agramonte4 ,8 debut 0 made 9 #ahig 9 a conc]t ) ,mme4 ,m>cella ,sembri*4 ,8 ri* flu5t b>itone voice made him a great favorite at musical fe/ivals 9 ,am]ica4 ,he has sung ) ne>ly all ( ! lead+ ,am]ican or*e/ras4 ,! peculi> quality ( 8 voice is especially adapt$ to record mak+ & 8 records h be5 imm5sely popul>4 ,he m>ri$ ,emma ,eames1 ,july #ac?1 #aiaa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,emilio ,,de ,,gogorza4 7,c7 ,dupont ,,opportunities ,,= ,,"y ,,conc]t ,,s+]s ,,emilio ,,de ,,gogorza ,!re has nev] be5 a "t or a c\ntry pres5t+ m invit+ opportunities to ! conc]t & ! oratorio s+] ?an ! ,am]ica ( to-day4 ,z a coroll>y to ?is /atem5t !re is ! obvi\s fact t ! ,am]ican public1 tak5 z a :ole1 is n[ ! mo/ discrim9at+ public to be f\nd any:]e 9 ! _w4 ,e conc]t is adequately review$ by able writ]s2 & s+]s are cont9ually on _! mettle4 ,x !re=e foll[s t :ile !re are opportunities = conc]t & oratorio s+]s1 !re is no room = ! ineffici5t1 ! tal5tless1 bra9less aspirants :o imag9e t a great vocal c>e] awaits !m simply because !y h a few good tones & a pleas+ /age pres5ce4 ,?is is ! age ( ! bra94 ,9 s++1 ! voice is only a detail4 ,x is ! m5tality1 ! arti/ic feel+1 ! skill 9 int]pretation t c\nts4 ,"s ( ! greate/ arti/s are vocally inf]ior to s+]s ( less] reputation4 ,:y8 ,because !y read1 because !y /udy1 because !y broad5 _! intellects & ext5d _! culture until _! appreciation ( ! beautiful is s compreh5sive t e degree ( human emotion may be effectively portray$4 ,9 a ^w !y become arti/s4 ,take ! case ( ,victor ,maurel1 = in/ance4 ,if he 7 n9ety ye>s old & _h only ! %r$ ( a voice b /ill reta9$ 8 arti/ic grasp1 ,i w\ld r he> him ?an any liv+ s+]4 ,i h le>n$ m f he>+ him s+ ?an f any o!r s+]4 ,v]di *ose him to s+ 9 ,otello aga9/ ! advice ( sev]al fri5ds1 say+3 ,he has m bra9 ?an any five s+]s ,i "k4 ,"s p imag9e t :5 an arti/ is emb>k$ ^u 8 pr(essional "w /udy ceases4 ,x is a great mi/ake4 ,no "o works h>d] ?an ,i d to broad5 my culture & int]pretative skill4 ,i am con/antly /udy+ & tru/ t ,i may nev] cease4 ,! great] ! arti/ ! m incessant ! /udy4 ,x is "o ( ! secrets ( l>ge success4 ,,special ,,/udy ,,requir$ ,,= ,,conc]t ,,s++ ,p imag9e t ! op]a requires a high] k9d ( vocal prep>ation ?an ! conc]t or oratorio /age4 ,?is is also a great misconception4 ,! op]atic s+]s :o h be5 successful z conc]t s+]s at once admit t conc]t s++ is mu* m difficult4 ,comp>atively few op]a s+]s succe$ z conc]t s+]s4 ,:y8 ,because 9 op]a ! voice ne$s to be conc5trat$ & m or less uni=m4 ,an op]a h\se is really two build+s1 ! auditorium & ! /age4 ,! /age ) its tall sc5e-l(t is frequ5tly z l>ge f ! /&po9t ( cubic feet z ! auditorium4 ,sometimes x is l>g]4 ,to fill ^! two imm5se build+s ! voice mu/ be /rong & cont9ually conc5trat$1 dans le ,masque4 ,! delicate little effects t ! conc]t s+] is oblig$ to produce w\ld n be he>d ov] ! footlights4 ,9 ord] to reta9 int]e/ )\t ! assi/ance ( sc5]y & action ! conc]t s+]'s int]pretative "w mu/ be m>k$ by an att5tion to details t ! op]a s+] r>ely consid]s4 ,! voice1 !re=e1 requires a diff]5t treatm5t4 ,x mu/ be s f9ely tra9$ t x becomes susceptible to ! mo/ delicate *ange ( ?\ght 9 ! s+]'s m9d4 ,?is dem&s a really enorm\s am\nt ( "w4 ,! successful conc]t s+] mu/ also h an endurance t enables h] to und]go /ra9s t ! op]a s+] r>ely kn[s4 ,! gr& op]a s+] 9 ! great op]a h\ses ( ! _w r>ely s+s m ?an two or ?ree times a week4 ,! conc]t s+] is (t5 oblig$ to s+ e night = weeks4 ,!y mu/ le>n h[ to relax & save ! voice at all times1 o!rwise !y w lose ela/icity & sweetness4 ,a "y woman vocal /ud5t1 ) tal5t1 a good natural voice1 intellig5ce1 indu/ry1 suffici5t practice "t1 a high s*ool education1 & a k ( ! rudim5ts ( music1 might complete a c\rse ( /udy lead+ to a successful conc]t debut 9 ?ree ye>s4 ,m frequ5tly f\r or five ye>s may be requir$4 ,) a bungl+ tea*] %e may sp5d six or sev54 ,! co/ ( h] in/ruction1 ) a good tea*] 9 a great metropolis1 w be m p] ye> ?an if %e w5t to almo/ any "o ( ! lead+ univ]sities admitt+ wom54 ,%e w h to "w h>d] ?an if %e took a regul> college c\rse4 ,progress dep5ds ^u ! individual4 ,"o girl w accompli% m 9 two ye>s ?an ano!r w accompli% 9 five ye>s4 ,aga91 ! rate ( progress dep5ds ^u p]sonal developm5t4 ,sometimes a c\rse ( /udy ) a good tea*] w awak5 a lat5t en]gy & m5tal condition t w enable ! /ud5t to make great /rides4 ,my mo/ important "w has be5 done by self-/udy ) ! assi/ance & advice ( _m s+]s & tea*]s :o h be5 my fri5ds4 ,no pupil :o dep5ds entirely ^u a tea*] w succe$4 ,%e mu/ "w out h] own salvation4 ,x is ! private ?\ght1 incessant ef=t & individual attitude t lead to success4 ,,/udy ,,9 ,,y\r ,,home ,,c\ntry ,i hone/ly believe t ! "y vocal /ud5t c d f> bett] by /udy+ 9 ,am]ica ?an by /udy+ abroad4 ,european resid5ce & travel are v desirable1 b ! /udy may be done to bett] advantage "r "h 9 our own c\ntry4 ,am]icans want ! be/ & !y get x4 ,9 ,europe !y h no conception :atev] ( ! ext5t ( musical culture 9 ,am]ica4 ,x is a cont9ual s\rce ( amazem5t to me4 ,9 ! ,we/ & ,nor?we/ ,i f9d audi5ces j z intellig5t & z appreciative z 9 ,bo/on4 ,!re is ! greate/ imag9able ca?olicity ( ta/e4 ,j at pres5t ! t5d5cy is away f ! old ,g]man classics & is lead+ to ! mod]n works ( ,fr5*1 ,g]man & ,am]ican compos]s4 ,/ill ,i f9d t ,i c s+ a song l ,s*umann's ,widmung 9 ,we/]n cities t only a few ye>s ago 7 m]e collections ( fronti] huts & %acks1 & discov] t ! g5ius ( ,s*umann is j z pot5t !re z 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,i h rec5tly be5 all ov] ,europe1 & ,i h se5 no su* condition any:]e z t ,i h j describ$4 ,x is especially gratify+ to note 9 ,am]ica a trem5d\s dem& = ! be/ vocal works ( ! ,am]ican compos]s4 ,! "y conc]t s+] mu/ h a v compreh5sive rep]toire4 ,e new "w prop]ly ma/]$ is an asset4 ,9 oratorio %e %\ld fir/ ( all le>n ^? works t are mo/ 9 dem&1 l ! ,messiah1 ! ,elijah1 ! ,creation & ! ,r$emption4 ,!n att5tion may be giv5 to ! mod]n works & works m r>ely p]=m$1 l ^? ( ,elg>1 ,p]osi & o!rs4 ,aft] ! "y s+] has prov5 h] wor? ) ! public %e may expect an income ( f #aj1jjj4jj to #ae1jjj4jj a ye>4 ,t is :at our fir/-class s+]s h receiv$ = high-class conc]t "w4 ,"s ,european prima donnas l ,s*umann-,he9k & o!rs h comm&$ mu* high] figures4 ,y ask me :at influ5ce ! s\nd reproduc+ ma*9es h _h ^u ! dem& = good vocal music 9 ,am]ica4 ,!y h unque/ionably increas$ ! dem& v greatly4 ,!y h ev5 be5 kn[n to make reputations = s+]s entirely )\t any o!r road to publicity4 ,take ! case ( ,madame ,mi*ael[a1 a ,russian prima donna :o has nev] visit$ ,am]ica4 ,?\s&s ( records ( h] voice h be5 sold 9 ,am]ica1 & n[ ! dem& = h] appe>ance 9 ?is c\ntry has be5 s great t %e has be5 (f]$ huge sums = an ,am]ican t\r4 ,i believe t if us$ intellig5tly ! s\nd reproduc+ ma*9e may become a great help to ! tea*] & /ud5t4 ,x is us$ 9 _m ( ! great op]a h\ses ( ! _w z an aid 9 det]m9+ ! engagem5t ( new s+]s :o _c be p]sonally he>d4 ,"s ( ! records ( my own voice h be5 s excell5t t !y seem positively uncanny to me :5 ,i he> !m reproduc$4 ,i h no pat5t ex]cises to (f] to s++ /ud5ts4 ,!re are a ?\s& ways ( le>n+ to brea! prop]ly & !y all lead to "o end4 ,brea?+ may be/ be /udi$ :5 x is made co9cid5t ) ! requirem5ts ( s++4 ,i h no fanta/ic te*nical /udies to (f]4 ,my daily "w simply consi/s ( scales1 arpeggios & ! simple/ k9d ( ex]cises1 ! simpl] ! bett]4 ,i always make x a po9t to comm5ce practic+ v s(tly1 sl[ly & surely4 ,i nev] s+ notes outside my mo/ com=table range at ! />t4 ,tak+ notes too high or too l[ is an extremely bad plan at fir/4 ,_m "y /ud5ts make ?is fault4 ,!y also s+ mu* too l\d4 ,! voice %\ld be ex]cis$ = "s consid]able "t on s(t ex]cises be=e l\d notes are ev5 attempt$4 ,x is precisely ! same z ) physical ex]cises4 ,! a?lete :o ex]ts himself to 8 fulle/ ext5t at fir/ is work+ t[>d ultimate exhau/ion4 ,i h kn[n /ud5ts :o sang at ! top ( _! lungs & call$ x practice4 ,! next day !y grew ho>se & wond]$ :y ! ho>s5ess came4 ,,nev] ,,s+ ,,:5 ,,tir$ ,nev] s+ :5 out ( sorts1 tir$ or :5 ! ?roat is sore4 ,x is all v well to try to ?r[ su* a condition (f z if x 7 a /ate ( m9d4 ,my advice is1 ,,don',t4 ,i h kn[n s+]s to try to s+ (f a sore ?roat & secure z a result a loss ( voice = sev]al days4 ,our ,am]ican climate is v bad = s+]s4 ,! du/ ( our manufactur+ cities gets 9 ! ?roat & irritates x badly4 ,! noise is v n]ve rack+1 & ,i h a !ory t ! electricity 9 ! air is injuri\s4 ,z ,i h said1 ! *ances 9 ! conc]t & op]atic field are unlimit$ = ^? :o des]ve to be !re4 ,don't be misl$4 ,?\s&s ( p are try+ to become conc]t & oratorio s+]s :o h n tal5t1 temp]am5t1 magnetism1 ! "r k9d ( intellig5ce nor ! true musical feel+4 ,x is pitiful to wat* !m4 ,!y are (t5 delud$ by tea*]s :o are bias$ by pecuni>y necessity4 ,x is safe to say t at ! end ( a ye>'s good in/ruction ! tea*] may safely tell :at ! pupil's *ances are4 ,"s tea*]s are brutally frank4 ,_! op9ions are wor? ^? ( a ?\s& tea*]s :o consid] _! own int]e/s fir/4 ,secure ! op9ions ( z _m arti/s z possible be=e y det]m9e ^u a pr(essional c>e]4 ,! arti/ is n bias$4 ,he does n want y = a pupil & has no?+ to ga9 9 prais+ y4 ,if he gives y an unfavorable report1 ?ank him1 because he is probably ?9k+ ( y\r be/ int]e/s4 ,z ,i h said1 progress dep5ds ^u ! individual4 ,"o man c g into a /eel f\ndry & le>n m 9 two ye>s ?an ano!r c 9 five4 ,if y d n become consci\s ( audible results at ! end ( "o or two ye>s' /udy d "s s]i\s ?9k+4 ,y are ei!r on ! wrong track or y h n ! natural qualifications :i* lead to success on ! conc]t & oratorio /age4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mme4 ,,fri$a ,,hempel4 7,c7 ,mitzi ,,fri$a ,,hempel ,,biographical ,fri$a ,hempel 0 born at ,leipzig1 ,june #bf1 #ahhe4 ,%e /udi$ piano = a consid]able "t at ! ,leipzig ,cons]vatory & ! ,/]n ,cons]vatory4 ,lat] %e /udi$ s++ ) ,mme4 ,nicklass ,kempn]1 to :om %e is indebt$ = h] entire vocal education up to ! "t ( h] debut 9 op]a4 ,h] fir/ appe>ance 0 9 ! ,m]ry ,wives ( ,w9dsor1 at ! ,royal ,op]a 9 ,b]l94 ,aft] _m v successful appe>ances 9 lead+ ,european ,op]a ,h\ses %e 0 engag$ = ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se 9 ,new ,york :]e %e imm$iately became v popul> 9 /ell> roles4 ,h] rep]toire runs f ! ,m>riage ( ,fig>o to ,die ,mei/]s+]4 ,h] voice is a cle>1 pure1 sweet soprano2 &1 l ,mme4 ,sembri* & ,mme4 ,galli-,curci1 %e cle>ly %[s ! value ( h] in/rum5tal tra9+ 9 ! accuracy1 precision & cl>ity ( h] coloratura "w4 ,%e has made _m successful conc]t t\rs ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 addition to be+ a brilliant s+] %e is an excell5t actress4 ,%e is n[ an ,am]ican citiz5 & ! wife ( an ,am]ican bus9ess man4 ,,?or\ghness ,,9 ,,vocal ,,prep>ation ,,mme4 ,,fri$a ,,hempel ,,:y ,,"s ,,succe$ ,,& ,,"s ,,fail ,9 e ?\s& girls :o aspire to ,gr& ,op]a probably n m ?an "o ev] succe$s4 ,?is is by no means because ( lack ( good voices4 ,!re are great numb]s ( good voices2 al?\gh _m girls :o want to be op]a s+]s ei!r deceive !mselves or are deceiv$ by o!rs 7(t5 *>latan tea*]s7 into believ+ t !y h f9e natural voices :5 !y h n4 ,!re is no?+ m glori\s ?an a beautiful human voice--a voice /rong1 resonant1 if necess>y1 b velvety & lusci\s if ne$s be4 ,!re are _m girls ) really beautiful natural voices :o h lo/ _! *ances 9 ,gr& ,op]a l>gely because !y h ei!r n _h ! p]sonal p]si/5ce necess>y to c>ry !m to ! po9t :]e _! s]vices are 9 dem& by ! public or !y h _h ! mis=tune n to h ! "r k9d ( a vocal or musical drill ma/]--a really good tea*]4 ,tea*]s 9 ^! days wa/e a fe>ful am\nt ( "t 9 :at !y consid] to be _! me?ods4 ,!y tell y to s+ 9 ! back1 or on ! side or ?r\gh ! mask or :at n1 in/ead ( gett+ "r d[n to ! real "w4 ,my tea*] 9 ,b]l91 at ! ,cons]vatory1 insi/$ fir/ ( all ^u hav+ me s+ tones & scales--mo/ly long su/a9$ tones--= at lea/ "o entire ye>4 ,^! 7 sung v s(tly1 v ev5ly1 until ,i c\ld employ e tone 9 my voice ) sur5ess & c]ta9ty4 ,i don't see h[ x c\ld possibly h be5 accompli%$ 9 less "t4 ,try t on ! ,am]ican girl & %e w ?9k t %e is be+ *eat$ out ( some?+4 ,:y %\ld %e wait a :ole ye> ) silly tones :5 %e kn[s t %e c s+ a great aria ) only a little m difficulty8 ,! basis ( all f9e s++1 :e!r 9 ! op]a h\se or on ! conc]t /age1 is a good legato4 ,my tea*] 7,nicklass ,kempn]7 0 v insi/5t ^u ?is4 ,9 work+ ) su* /udies z ^? ( ,concone1 ,bordogni1 ,luetg51 ,m>*esi or ,g>cia--! be/ "p ( ! att5tion ( ! tea*] 0 giv5 to ! simple yet difficult matt] ( a beautiful legato4 ,aft] "o has be5 ?r\gh a mass ( su* mat]ial1 ! matt] ( legato s++ becomes m or less automatic4 ,! t5d5cy to slide f "o tone to ano!r is done away )4 ,! connection betwe5 "o tone & ano!r 9 good legato is s clean1 s free f blurs t !re is no?+ to comp>e x )4 ,"o tone takes ! place ( ano!r j z ?\gh "o co9 or disk 7 plac$ directly on top ( ano!r )\t any ( ! edges %[+4 ,! *ange is in/antane\s & imp]ceptible4 ,if "o 7 to gradually slide "o co9 ov] ano!r co9 y w\ld h a graphic illu/ration ( :at mo/ p ?9k is legato4 ,! result is t !y s\nd l /eam sir5s1 nev] q def9itely ^u any tone ( ! scale4 ,a ,,good ,,legato ,a good legato c only be acquir$ aft] an enorm\s am\nt ( ?or\gh tra9+4 ,! t5d5cy to be c>eless is human4 ,habits ( c>efulness come only aft] mu* drill4 ,! object ( ! /ud5t & ! tea*] %\ld be to make a s+]--n to acquire a scanty rep]toire ( a few arias4 ,v few ( ! op]as ,i n[ s+ 7 le>n$ 9 my /ud5t days4 ,t 0 n ! object ( my tea*]4 ,! object 0 to prep>e me to take up any?+ f ,m>?a to ,ros5kavali] & "k h[ to /udy x myself 9 ! quicke/ & mo/ ?or\gh mann]4 ,woe be to ! pupil ( ! tea*] :o sp5ds mo/ ( ! "t 9 tea*+ songs1 arias1 etc41 be=e ! pupil is really ready to /udy su* ?+s4 ,,good ,,f\ndations ,ev]y?+ is 9 a good f\ndation4 ,if y expect a build+ to la/ only a few weeks y might put up a f\ndation 9 a day or s--b if y wat* ! build]s ( ! great edifices "h 9 ,am]ican cities y w f9d t m "t is (t5 sp5t ^u ! f\ndation ?an ^u ! build+ itself4 ,!y dig "r d[n to ! b$ rock & pile on s mu* /one1 concrete & /eel t ev5 great e>?quakes are (t5 )/ood4 ,a ,,l>ge ,,rep]toire ,) su* a ?or\gh f\ndation z ,i _h x has n be5 difficult to acquire a rep]toire ( "s sev5ty-five op]as4 ,t is1 by le>n+ "o at a "t & work+ cont9ually ov] a numb] ( ye>s ! op]as come easily4 ,9 le>n+ a new "w ,i fir/ read ! "w ?r\gh z a :ole sev]al times to get ! "* well fix$ 9 my m9d4 ,!n ,i play ! music ?r\gh sev]al times until ,i am v famili> ) x4 ,!n ,i le>n ! voice "p1 nev] /udy+ x z a voice "p by itself1 b always 9 relation to ! or*e/ra & ! o!r roles4 ,f9ally1 ,i le>n ! int]pretation--! dramatic pres5tation4 ,"o gets s little help f ! or*e/ra 9 mod]n works t _m rehe>sals are necess>y4 ,9 "s passages x is j l walk+ 9 a d>k night4 ,only a true e> & ?or\gh tra9+ c s]ve to keep "o on ! key or any:]e ne> ! key4 ,x is !re=e highly necess>y t vocal /ud5ts %\ld h a good musical tra9+ 9 addition to ! vocal tra9+4 ,9 mo/ ,european cons]vatories ! /udy ( piano & h>mony are compulsory = all vocal /ud5ts4 ,n to h _h ?is musical tra9+ t ! /udy ( ! piano br+s ab\t1 n to h _h a good c\rse 9 !ory or 9 tra9+ = sight-s++ 7e> tra9+7 is to leave out important pill>s 9 a ?or\gh musical f\ndation4 ,,m ,,op]a ,,= ,,am]ica ,x w\ld be a great gratification = all :o are int]e/$ 9 op]a to see m f9e op]a h\ses erect$ 9 ,am]ica ) m opportunities = ! p4 ,! p]=mances at ! ,metropolitan are exce$+ly f9e1 b only a comp>atively few p c possibly he> !m & !re is little opportunity = ! p]=mance ( a wide v>iety ( op]as4 ,! op]a s+] naturally gets tir$ ( s++ a few roles ov] & ov] aga94 ,! ,am]ican p %\ld develop a ta/e = m & m diff]5t op]as4 ,!re is su* a wond]ful field t x %\ld n be conf9$ to ! p]=mance ( a v few works t happ5 to be 9 fa%ion4 ,?is is n at all ! case 9 ,europe--!re ! rep]toires are v mu* m ext5sive--m int]e/+ = ! public & ! arti/s alike4 ,,/rong ,,educational ,,value ,,( ,,op]a ,op]a has always seem$ to me a v necess>y ?+ 9 ! ,/ate4 ,x has a /rong educational value 9 t x develops ! musical ta/e ( ! public z well z tea*+ lessons 9 hi/ory & ! humanities 9 a v =ceful mann]4 ,*ildr5 %\ld be tak5 to op]a z a regul> "p ( _! education4 ,op]a makes a wond]ful impression ^u ! *ild's imag9ation--! romance1 ! color1 ! music1 ! action are r>ely =gott54 ,_m ( ! op]as are beautiful big fairy /ories & ! little folks glory 9 !m4 ,p>5ts :o desire to develop ! ta/e ( _! *ildr5 & at ! same "t /imulate _! m9ds along broad] l9es c d no bett] ?an to take !m to op]a4 ,little t[ns 9 ,europe (t5 h f9e op]a h\ses1 :ile _m ,am]ican cities sev]al times _! size h to put up ) mov+ picture !atre h\ses4 ,:y does n "s en?usia/ic ,am]ican lead] take up a campaign = m op]a 9 ,am]ica8 ,) ! ta/e ( ! public educat$ ?r\gh c\ntless talk+ ma*9e records1 x %\ld n prove a bad bus9ess v5ture if x is gone ab\t 9 a s5sible mann]4 ,,dame ,,nellie ,,melba ,,biographical ,dame ,nellie ,melba 7/age "n = ,mrs4 ,nellie ,port] ,arm/rong1 nee ,mit*ell7 is describ$ 9 ,grove's ,diction>y z ! fir/ s+] ( ,briti% bir? to atta9 su* an exalt$ position ^u ! lyric /age z well z ^u ! conc]t plat=m4 ,dame ,melba 0 born at ,burnley ne> ,melb\rne1 ,may #ai1 #ahfa1 ( ,scot* ance/ry4 ,%e sang at ! ,t[n ,hall at ,ri*mond :5 %e 0 six ye>s ( age4 ,%e /udi$ piano1 h>mony1 composition & viol9 v ?or\ghly4 ,at "o "t %e 0 consid]$ ! f9e/ amateur piani/ 9 ,melb\rne4 ,%e also play$ ! *ur* organ 9 ! local *ur* ) mu* success4 ,9 #ahhb %e m>ri$ ,capta9 ,*>les ,arm/rong1 son ( ,sir ,&rew ,arm/rong1 ,b>onet 7( ,k+s ,c\nty1 ,irel&74 ,9 #ahhf %e sang at ,que5s ,hall 9 ,london4 ,aft] /udy+ ) ,mme4 ,m>*esi = twelve mon?s %e made h] debut z ,gilda 7,rigoletto7 at ! ,!atre de la ,monnaie 9 ,brussels4 ,h] success 0 in/antane\s4 ,h] ,london debut 0 made 9 ,lucia 9 #ahhh4 ,"o ye> lat] %e made h] ,p>isian debut 9 ,?omas' ,hamlet4 ,9 #ahid %e creat$ ! role ( ,n$da 9 ,i ,pagliacci4 ,petrograd w5t wild ov] h] 9 #ahib4 ,9 #ahib %e repeat$ h] successes & 9 #ahic %e began h] long s]ies ( ,am]ican triumphs4 ,! fact t h] voice1 l t ( ,patti1 has rema9$ a/oni%+ly fre% & silv]y despite ! enorm\s am\nt ( s++ %e has done atte/s bett] ?an any?+ else to ! excell5ce ( h] me?od ( s++4 ,9 ! foll[+ conf]5ce %e gives ! secret ( pres]v+ ! voice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dame ,,nellie ,,melba4 ,,common ,,s5se ,,9 ,,tra9+ ,,& ,,pres]v+ ,,! ,,voice ,,dame ,,nellie ,,melba ,,h[ ,,c ,a ,,good ,,voice ,,be ,,detect$8 ,! "y s+]'s fir/ anxiety is usually to le>n :e!r h] voice is suffici5tly good to make x wor? :ile to g ?r\gh ! enorm\s "w ( prep>+ h]self = ! op]atic /age4 ,h[ is %e to det]m9e ?is8 ,surely n ^u ! advice ( h] imm$iate fri5ds1 nor ^u t ( ^? to :om %e w\ld naturally turn = spiritual advice1 m$ical advice or legal advice4 ,b ?is is usually j :at %e does4 ,because ( ! honor$ positions held by h] rector1 h] physician1 or h] family lawy]1 _! s]vices are all br\ght to be> ^u h]1 & aft] an exam9ation ( h] musical ability _! unskill$ op9ion is giv5 a weight x obvi\sly does n des]ve4 ,! only "o to judge is a skill$ musician1 ) good arti/ic ta/e & "s exp]i5ce 9 voice matt]s4 ,x is sometimes difficult to approa* a s++ tea*] = ?is advice1 z ev5 ! mo/ hone/ c\ld n fail to be some:at influ5c$ :]e !re is a prospect ( a pupil4 ,i d n mean to malign ! ?\s&s ( wor?y tea*]s1 b su* a position is a delicate "o1 & ! pupil %\ld avoid consult+ ) any advis] except "o :o is absolutely dis9t]e/$4 ,9 any ev5t ! m]e possession ( a voice t is sweet & /rong by no means indicates t ! own] has ! additional equipm5t :i* ! s+] mu/ possess4 ,musical intellig5ce is q z great an asset z ! possession ( a f9e voice4 ,by musical intellig5ce ,i mean some?+ q diff]5t f g5]al intellig5ce4 ,p seem to expect t ! "y p]son :o desires to become a f9e piani/ or a f9e viol9i/1 or a f9e compos]1 %\ld possess c]ta9 musical tal5ts4 ,t is1 !y %\ld exp]i5ce a c]ta9 quickness 9 grasp+ musical problems & execut+ !m4 ,! s+]1 h[ev]1 by "s peculi> popul> rul+ seems to be exempt$ f ?is4 ,no great] mi/ake c\ld possibly be made4 ,v few p are musically gift$4 ,:5 "o ( ^! p happ5s to possess a good voice1 great indu/ry1 a love = vocal art1 physical /r5g?1 pati5ce1 good s5se1 good ta/e & abundant fai? 9 h] possibilities1 ! *ances ( mak+ a good s+] are excell5t4 ,i lay great /ress ^u great det]m9ation & good heal?4 ,i am (t5 oblig$ to s+ "o night1 !n travel a ?\s& miles to s+ ! next night4 ,not)/&+ su* j\rneys1 ! s+] is expect$ to be 9 prime condition1 look nice1 & please a v]itable multitude ( comp>ative /rang]s all expect+ wond]ful ?+s f h]4 ,d y wond] t ,i lay /ress ^u good heal?8 ,! y\?ful tra9+ ( ! s+] %\ld be conf9$ q /rictly to t ( obta9+ a good g5]al & musical education4 ,t is1 ! vocal tra9+ may be safely po/pon$ until ! s+] is sev5te5 or eighte5 ye>s ( age4 ,( c\rse !re h be5 cases ( fam\s s+]s :o h sung dur+ _! *ildhood1 b !y are exceptions to all rules4 ,! /udy ( s++ dem&s ! direction ( an intellig5t1 well-ord]$ m9d4 ,x is by no means :olly a matt] ( imitation4 ,9 fact1 )\t "s cultivation ( ! ta/e1 t is1 ! s5se ( discrim9at+ betwe5 :at is good & bad1 "o may imitate ) disa/r\s results4 ,,:at ,,"w ,,%\ld ,,! ,,girl ,,"u ,,eighte5 ,,d8 ,i rememb] well an incid5t 9 my own y\?4 ,i once w5t to a conc]t & he>d a mu* laud$ s+] r5d] an aria t 0 9 turn vocif]\sly applaud$ by ! audi5ce4 ,?is s+] possess$ a mo/ wond]ful tremolo4 ,e tone w5t up & d[n l ! tee? ( a saw4 ,x 0 impossible = h] to s+ a pure ev5 tone )\t wobbl+ up & d[n4 ,b ! untra9$ audi5ce1 hungry to applaud any?+ musical1 _h *e]$ ! s+] despite ! tremolo4 ,consequ5tly ,i w5t home & aft] a few m9utes' "w ,i f\nd t x 0 possible = me to produce a v wond]ful tremolo4 ,i w5t pr\dly to my tea*] & gave an exhibition ( my new acquirem5t4 ,:o on e>? h y be5 li/5+ to8 exclaim$ my tea*]4 ,i confess$ & 0 admoni%$ n to imitate4 ,! voice 9 *ildhood is a v delicate organ despite ! we> & te> :i* *ildr5 give x by unnecess>y h[l+ & scream+4 ,m ?an ?is1 ! *ild-m9d is s susceptible to impressions & ^! impressions become s firmly fix$ t ! be/ vocal tra9+ = ! *ild %\ld be t ( tak+ ! little "o to he> great s+]s4 ,all t ! juv5ile m9d he>s is n lo/1 al?\gh mu* w be =gott54 ,h[ev]1 ! bett] "p w be unconsci\sly /[$ away 9 ! subconsci\s m9d1 to bur/ =? lat] 9 beautiful song ?r\gh no diff]5t process ?an t by :i* ! little birds /ore away ! song ( ! old] birds4 ,deal]s 9 s++ birds place !m 9 rooms ) old] & highly develop$ s++ birds to tra9 !m4 ,?is is n exactly a process ( imitation1 b r "o ( subconsci\s assimilation4 ,! bird develops 8 own song lat] on1 b has ! advantage ( ! /or$-up impressions ( ! tra9$ birds4 ,a ,,g5]al ,,musical ,,tra9+ ,i h kn[n _m s+]s to fail dismally because !y 7 simply s+]s4 ,! idea t all ! s+] ne$s to "k is h[ to produce tones resonantly & sweetly1 h[ to run scales1 make ge/ures & smile prettily is a p]fectly ridicul\s "o4 ,success1 p>ticul>ly op]atic success1 dep5ds ^u a k ( a great _m ?+s4 ,! g5]al education ( ! s+] %\ld be z well r\nd$ z possible4 ,no?+ ! s+] ev] le>ns 9 ! public s*ools1 or ! high s*ools1 is ev] lo/4 ,hi/ory & languages are mo/ important4 ,i /udi$ ,italian & ,fr5* 9 my *ildhood & ?is k 0 ( imm5se help to me 9 my lat] "w4 ,:5 ,i fir/ w5t to ,p>is ,i _h to acquire a colloquial k ( ! language1 b 9 all cases ,i f\nd t ! drill 9 ,fr5* v]bs ,i _h gone ?r\gh virtually sav$ me ye>s ( "w4 ,! ,fr5* pronunciation is extremely difficult to acquire & "s are oblig$ to reside 9 ,france = ye>s be=e a flu5t pronunciation c be c\nt$ on4 ,i _c speak too emphatically ^u ! necessity = a ?or\gh musical education4 ,a smatt]+ is only an aggravation4 ,=tunately1 my p>5ts saw to x t ,i 0 taught ! piano1 ! organ1 ! viol9 & ?or\ghbass4 ,at fir/ x 0 ?\ght t ,i w\ld become a pr(essional piani/2 & _m 7 good en\gh to decl>e t ,i 0 ! f9e/ amateur piani/ 9 ,melb\rne4 ,my ,scot*-,presbyt]ian p>5ts w\ld h be5 horrifi$ if !y _h _h any idea t !y 7 help+ me to a c>e] t 0 9 any way relat$ to ! footlights4 ,=tunately1 my spl5did fa!r1 :o is n[ eighty-five ye>s old1 has long s9ce recov]$ f 8 prejudices & is ! pr\de/ ( all ov] my a*ievem5ts4 ,b ,i c n be too grateful to him = 8 great int]e/ 9 see+ t my e>ly musical tra9+ 0 compreh5sive4 ,aside f giv+ me a m musicianly insight into my "w1 x has prov$ an imm5se conv5i5ce4 ,i c play any score ?r\gh4 ,i le>n all my op]as myself4 ,?is enables me to =m my own conception1 t is1 to create x1 in/ead ( be+ unconsci\sly influ5c$ by ! tempos & expression ( "s o!r individual4 ,! times t ,i h dep5d$ ^u a repititeur h be5 s few t ,i c h>dly rememb] !m4 ,s !re1 little girl1 :5 y get on y\r "m's long tra9 & s+ to an imag9>y audi5ce ( ?\s&s1 y w d bett] to run to ! keybo>d & practice scales or /udy y\r etudes4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,vocal ,,practice ,! fir/ vocal practice %\ld be v simple4 ,!re %\ld be no?+ 9 ! way ( an ex]cise t w\ld enc\rage =c+ ( any k9d4 ,9 fact ! "y s+] %\ld always avoid do+ any?+ beyond ! normal4 ,rememb] t a sick body means a sick voice4 ,aga91 don't =get y\r daily outdoor ex]cise4 ,horseback rid+1 golf & t5nis are my favorites4 ,an h\r's walk on a lovely c\ntry road is z good = a s+] z an h\r's practice4 ,i mean t4 ,9 avoid+ /ra9 ! pupil mu/ above all ?+s le>n to s+ ! upp] notes )\t ef=t or r /ra94 ,:ile x is desirable t a pupil %\ld practice all h] notes e day1 %e %\ld beg9 ) ! l[] notes1 !n take ! middle notes & !n ! s-call$ upp] notes or head notes :i* are g5]ally describ$ z beg9n+ ) ! ,f %>p on ! top l9e ( ! treble /aff4 ,?is l9e may be reg>d$ z a dang] l9e = s+]s "y & old4 ,x is imp]ative t :5 ! soprano s+s h] head notes1 beg9n+ ) ,f %>p & upw>d1 !y %all proce$ v s(tly & entirely )\t /ra9 z !y asc5d4 ,i c n emphasize ?is too /rongly4 ,,pres]v+ ,,! ,,voice ,let me give y "o ( my greate/ secrets4 ,l all secrets1 x is p]fectly simple & entirely rational4 ,nev] give ! public all y h4 ,t is1 ! s+] owes x to h]self nev] to g beyond ! b\nd>ies ( h] vocal possibilities4 ,! s+] :o s+s to ! utmo/ e "t is l ! a?lete :o exhau/s himself to ! /ate ( collapse4 ,?is is ! only way 9 :i* ,i c acc\nt = :at ! critics t]m ! rem>kable pres]vation ( my own voice4 ,i h be5 s++ = ye>s 9 all p>ts ( ! musical _w1 gr[+ ri*] 9 musical & human exp]i5ce & yet my voice to-day feels z fre% & z de> z :5 ,i 0 9 my te5s4 ,i h nev] /ra9$1 ,i h nev] cont9u$ roles t prov$ unsuit$ to me1 ,i h nev] sung :5 ,i h n be5 9 good voice4 ,?is leads to ano!r v important po9t4 ,i h (t5 _h /ud5ts ask me h[ !y c det]m9e :e!r _! tea*]s are giv+ !m ! k9d ( me?od or in/ruction !y %\ld h4 ,i h always repli$1 ,if y feel tir$ aft] a lesson1 if y\r ?roat is /ra9$ aft] a little s++1 if y feel exhau/$1 y\r tea*] is on ! wrong track1 no matt] :at he labels 8 me?od or h[ wond]ful 8 cr$5tials are4 ,isn't t v simple8 ,i h kn[n "y girls to g on practic+ until !y c\ldn't speak4 ,let !m g to a physician & h ! doctor %[ !m by means ( a l>yngoscope j h[ t5d] & delicate _! vocal organs are4 ,i call !m my little bits ( cotton2 !y seem s frail & s t9y4 ,d y wond] t ,i gu>d !m c>efully8 ,?is practice consi/s ( ! simple/ imag9able ex]cises--su/a9$ scales1 *romatic scales & trills4 ,x is n s mu* :at "o practices1 b h[ "o practices4 ,,is ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,s++ ,,dy+ ,,out8 ,we cont9ually he> critics compla9 t ! art ( s++ is dy+4 ,x is easy en\gh to be a pessimi/1 & ,i d n want to class myself ) ! pessimi/s2 b ,i c safely say t1 unless m att5tion is paid to ! real art ( s++1 !re mu/ be a decad5ce 9 a %ort "t4 ,by ?is ,i mean t ! voice seems to dem& a k9d ( ex]cise lead+ to flexibility & flu5t tone production t is n f\nd 9 ! ultra-dramatic music ( any ( ! mod]n compos]s4 ,"y s+]s beg9 ) good voices &1 aft] an altoge!r inadequate t]m ( prep>ation1 !y essay ! works ( ,/rauss & ,wagn]4 ,9 two ye>s ! fir/ sign ( a breakup occurs4 ,_! voices become r\gh1--! velvet vani%es & note aft] note breaks disagreeably4 ,! music ( ! old] ,italian compos]s1 f ,sc>latti or ,c>issimi to ,donizetti & ,bell9i1 despite ! absurd libretti ( _! op]as1 dem&$ fir/ ( all dulcet tones & limpid flu5cy4 ,! s+]s :o turn$ _! noses up at ! florid arabesques ( old ,italy = ! m rugg$ pageantry ( mod]n ,g]many are de/9$ to suff] ! consequ5ces4 ,let u h ! ma/]pieces ( ! h]oic ,teutons1 by all means1 b let !m be sung by vocali/s tra9$ z vocali/s & n m]ely by actors :o h only tak5 a few /eps 9 vocal art4 ,! ma9 po9t ( all op]atic "w mu/ be obs]v$ if op]a is to cont9ue successfully4 ,delibes *ose me to s+ a p]=mance ( 8 ,lakme at ,brussels4 ,x 0 to be my debut 9 ,fr5*4 ,i _h n !n ma/]$ ! ,fr5* pronunciation s t ,i c\ld s+ acceptably at ! ,p>is ,gr& ,op]a1 ! sc5e ( my lat] triumphs4 ,consequ5tly ,i 0 p]mitt$ to s+ 9 ,brussels4 ,!re ! directors object$ to my pronunciation1 call+ x abom9able4 ,delibes repli$1 ,qu'elle *ante en *9ois1 si elle veut1 mais qu'elle *ante mon op]a 7,ev5 if %e sang 9 ,*9ese1 ,i w\ld be glad to h h] s+ my op]a74 ,i am ask$ :at has be5 my greate/ inc5tive4 ,i c ?9k ( no?+ great] ?an opposition4 ,! e>ly opposition f my family made me m & m det]m9$ to prove to !m t ,i w\ld be successful4 ,if ,i he>d "s s+] :o sang successfully ! roles ,i essay$1 !n ,i w\ld imm$iately make up my m9d to excel t s+]4 ,?is is a human trait ,i "k2 b ,i always pr(it$ by x4 ,nev] be afraid ( competition or opposition4 ,! m y ov]come1 ! great] w be y\r ultimate triumph4 ,,mme4 ,,b]nice ,,de ,,pasquali ,,biographical ,mme4 ,b]nice de ,pasquali1 :o succe$$ ,m>cella ,sembri* z coloratura soprano at ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se 9 ,new ,york ,city1 is n an ,italian1 z h] "n sugge/s1 b an ,am]ican4 ,%e 0 born 9 ,bo/on & is a memb] ( ! ,daught]s ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution4 ,practically all ( h] musical tra9+ 0 receiv$ 9 ,new ,york ,city :]e %e became a pupil ( ,osc> ,sa5g]4 ,h] successes1 h[ev]1 are n limit$ to ,am]ica z %e has appe>$ 9 ,mexico1 ,cuba1 ,s\? ,africa & ,europe1 9 _m places receiv+ great ovations4 ,h] voice is a cle>1 high1 flexible soprano1 equally f9e = conc]t or op]a4 ,h] husb&1 ,signor ,pasquali1 made a lifetime /udy ( ! pr9ciples ( ! ,bel ,canto s*ool ( s++1 & ! foll[+ conf]5ce is ! result ( long exp]im5t & /udy 9 ! e/hetic1 philosophical & physiological factors 9 ! mo/ significant ( ! s-call$ me?ods ( voice tra9+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mme4 ,,b]nice ,,de ,,pasquali4 ,,secrets ,,( ,,bel ,,canto ,,mme4 ,,b]nice ,,de ,,pasquali ,,c5turies ,,( ,,exp]im5tal ,,exp]i5ce ,9 no l& is song s mu* a "p ( ! daily life ( ! individual z 9 ,italy4 ,! ,italian peasant lit]ally wakes up s++ & goes to b$ s++4 ,naturally a k9d ( respect1 honor & ev5 rev]5ce atta*es to ! art ( beautiful voice production 9 ! l& ( ,sc>latti1 ,pale/r9a & ,v]di1 t "o does n f9d 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,:5 ! ,italian s++ tea*]s look$ = a ^w to describe _! vocal me?ods !y v naturally select$ ! mo/ appropriate1 ,bel ,canto1 :i* means no?+ m or less ?an ,beautiful ,s++4 ,probably no words h be5 m abus$ 9 music tea*+ ?an bel canto1 & probably no words h a m direct mean+ or a wid] significance4 ,:at !n is good s++ z ! ,italians und]/& x8 ,pr9cipally ! production ( a p]fectly controll$ & exquisitely beautiful tone4 ,simple z ?is may seem & simple z x really is1 ! laws und]ly+ ! be/ way ( tea*+ h[ to secure a beautiful tone are ! evolution ( empirical exp]i5ces com+ d[n ?r\gh ! c5turies4 ,x is a significant fact t practically all ( ! great s+]s 9 ,wagn] roles h fir/ be5 tra9$ 9 :at is s loosely t]m$ bel canto me?ods4 ,lilli ,lehmann1 ,s*umann-,he9k1 ,nordica & o!rs 7 capable ( s++ f9e coloratura passages be=e !y und]took ! works ( ! great ma/] ( ,beyreu?4 ,,! ,,secret ,,( ,,cons]v+ ,,! ,,voice ,9 ! mass ( traditions1 sugge/ions & advice :i* g to make ! bel canto /yle1 probably no?+ is s important to ,am]ican /ud5ts z t :i* p]ta9s to cons]v+ ! voice4 ,:e!r our girls are inord9ately fond ( display or :e!r !y are unable to control _! vocal organs ,i d n "k1 b "o is cont9ually treat$ to in/ances ( ! mo/ ludicr\s prodigality ( voice4 ,! :ole idea ( ^! "y s+]s seems to be to make a hit by %\t+ or ev5 scree*+4 ,!re c be no mild] t]ms = ! /ra9+ ( ! tones s frequ5tly he>d4 ,?is prodigality has only "o result--loss ( voice4 ,! great ,rub9i once wrote to 8 fri5d1 ! t5or ,duprez1 ,y lo/ y\r voice because y always sang ) y\r capital4 ,i h kept m9e because ,i h us$ only ! int]e/4 ,?is hi/orical epigram ought to be hung 9 all ! vocal /udios ( ,am]ica4 ,our ,am]ican voices are too beautiful1 too r>e to be wa/$1 practically ?r[n away by exp5d+ ! capital be=e x has be5 able to e>n any int]e/4 ,moreov]1 ! ?+ :i* has ! mo/ tell+ effect ^u any audi5ce is ! beauty ( tone quality4 ,p w /op at any "t to li/5 to ! wond]ful call ( ! night+ale4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,europe x is ! cu/om to make p>ties to g at nights to ! woods to he> t wond]ful s+] ( ! =e/s4 ,did y ev] he> ( any "o =m+ a p>ty = ! express purpose ( li/5+ to ! cr[+ ( a roo/]8 ,"o is a treat to ! e>1 ! o!r is a %ock4 ,:5 our "y s+]s le>n t p d n att5d conc]ts to h _! e>s %ock$ b to h !m delight$ ) beautiful s\nd1 !y w be ne>] ! "r idea 9 voice culture4 ,! /ud5t's fir/ ef=t1 !n1 %\ld be to pres]ve ! voice4 ,f ! v fir/ lesson he mu/ /rive to le>n h[ to make ! mo/ ) little4 ,h[ is ! /ud5t to "k :5 he is /ra9+ ! voice8 ,?is is simple en\gh to asc]ta94 ,at ! v in/ant t ! slighte/ con/riction or ef=t is notic$ /ra9 is v likely to be pres5t4 ,mu* ( ?is dep5ds ^u adm9i/]+ exactly ! "r am\nt ( brea? to ! vocal cords at ! mom5t ( s++4 ,too mu* brea? or too little brea? is bad4 ,! /ud5t f9ds by pati5t exp]im5t "u ! direction ( ! exp]i5c$ tea*] j h[ mu* brea? to use4 ,all sorts ( devices are employ$ to te/ ! brea?1 b x is probable t ! be/ devices ( all are ^? :i* all s+]s use z ! ultimate te/1 ! e> & ! feel+ ( delightful relaxation surr\nd+ ! vocal organs dur+ ! process ( s++4 ,,c\rage ,,9 ,,s++ ,mu* ( ! /ud5t's e>ly "w is m>r$ by fe>4 ,he fe>s to d ?is & he fe>s to d t1 until he feels himself wall$ 9 by a set ( rules t make 8 s++ /ilt$4 ,f ! v />t ! s+]1 p>ticul>ly ! "o :o aspires to become an op]atic s+]1 %\ld endeavor to disc>d fe> entirely4 ,?9k t if y fail 9 y\r ef=ts1 ?\s&s ( s+]s h fail$ 9 a simil> mann] 9 _! /ud5t days4 ,success 9 s++ is at ! end ( a tall ladd]1 ! rungs ( :i* are repeat$ failures4 ,we climb up ov] our failures to success4 ,le>n to fe> no?+1 ! public lea/ ( all4 ,if ! s+] gives ! audi5ce ! lea/ suspicion t %e is 9 fe> ( _! v]dict1 ! audi5ce w detect x at once & ! v]dict w be bad4 ,also d n fe> ! criticism ( jeal\s rivals4 ,affirm success4 ,say to y\rself1 ,i w surely succe$ if ,i p]sev]e4 ,9 ?is way y w acquire ^? habits ( tranquillity :i* are s ess5tial = ! s+] to possess4 ,,! ,,reason ,,= ,,! ,,lack ,,( ,,well-,,tra9$ ,,voices ,!re are abundant opportunities j n[ = f9ely tra9$ s+]s4 ,9 fact !re is a real de>? ( well-equipp$ voices4 ,manag]s are sc\r+ ! _w = s+]s ) ability z well z ! natural voice4 ,:y does ?is de>? exi/8 ,simply because ! tr5d ( mod]n musical "w is f> too rapid4 ,results are expect$ 9 an impossible space ( "t4 ,! pupil & ! mae/ro "w = a few mon?s &1 lo & behold6 a prima donna6 ,c any "o :o kn[s any?+ ab\t ! art ( s++ fail to realize h[ absurd ?is is8 ,m voices are ru9$ by ?is ha/e ?an by any?+ else4 ,x is l expect+ ! *ild to d ! feats ( ! a?lete )\t ! a?lete's tra9+4 ,!re are s+]s 9 op]a n[ :o h b>ely pass$ !1 :at might be call$1 rudim5t>y /age4 ,) ! decl9e ( ! old] op]as1 s+]s evid5tly came to ! conclusion t x 0 n necess>y to /udy = ! p]fection ( tone-quality1 ev5ness ( execution & vocal agility4 ,! mod]n writ]s did n write su* fioratura passages1 !n :y %\ld x be necess>y = ! /ud5t to bo!r himself ) ye>s ( /udy ^u ex]cises & vocalises design$ to prep>e him = ! op]as ( ,bell9i1 ,ross9i1 ,spont9i1 ,donizetti1 ,sc>latti1 ,c>issimi or o!r ma/]s ( ! florid s*ool8 ,:at a fatu\s reason+4 ,are we to oblit]ate ! lessons ( hi/ory :i* indicate t voices tra9$ 9 su* a s*ool z t ( ,patti1 ,j5ny ,l9d1 ,sembri*1 ,lehmann1 ,malibran1 ,rub9i & o!rs1 h ph5om5al endurance1 & are able to reta9 _! fre%ness long aft] o!r voices h fad$8 ,no1 if we w\ld h ! wond]ful vitality & longevity ( ! voices ( ! pa/ we mu/ employ ! me?ods ( ! pa/4 ,,! ,,delicate ,,nature ,,( ,,! ,,human ,,voice ,( all in/rum5ts ! human voice is by f> ! mo/ delicate & ! mo/ fragile4 ,! wond] is t x w /& z mu* puni%m5t z is con/antly giv5 to x4 ,"s novices seem to treat x ) z little respect z ?\gh x 7 made out ( brass l a tuba or a trombone4 ,! voice is subject to physical & psy*ical influ5ces4 ,e s+] kn[s h[ acutely all human emotions are reflect$ 9 ! voice2 at ! same "t all physical ailm5ts are imm$iately active ^u ! voice ( ! s+]4 ,!re is a c]ta9 fre%ness or edge :i* may be worn (f ! voice by ord9>y conv]sation on ! day ( ! conc]t or ! op]a4 ,"s s+]s f9d x necess>y to pres]ve ! voice by refra9+ f all unnecess>y talk+ prior to s++4 ,long-cont9u$ practice is also v bad4 ,an h\r is q suffici5t on ! day ( ! conc]t4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ye>s ( /udy1 half an h\r a day is (t5 en\gh practice4 ,m practice %\ld only be done "u special conditions & ) ! direction ( a ?or\ghly compet5t tea*]4 ,s++ 9 ! op5 air1 :5 p>ticles ( du/ are bl[+ ab\t1 is p>ticul>ly bad4 ,! ?roat seems to become irritat$ at once4 ,9 my m9d tobacco smoke is also extremely injuri\s to ! voice1 not)/&+ ! fact t "s s+]s app>5tly resi/ its effects = ye>s4 ,i once suff]$ sev]ely f ! effects ( be+ 9 a room fill$ ) tobacco smoke & 0 unable to s+ = at lea/ two mon?s4 ,i also ?9k t x is a bad plan to s+ imm$iately aft] eat+4 ,! p]i/altic action ( ! /oma* dur+ ! process ( dige/ion is a v pron\nc$ function & any?+ :i* might t5d to di/urb x might affect ! g5]al heal?4 ,! s+] mu/ lead an exce$+ly regul> life1 b ! exagg]at$ privations & excessive c>e :i* "s s+]s take are q unnecess>y4 ,! ma9 ?+ is to det]m9e :at is a normal life & !n to live z close to ?is z possible4 ,if y f9d t "s article ( diet disagrees ) y1 rememb] to avoid t food2 = an upset /oma* usually results 9 complete demoralization ( ! entire vocal sy/em4 ,,"s ,,practice ,,sugge/ions ,no matt] h[ great ! arti/1 daily practice1 if ev5 n m ?an =ty m9utes a day1 is absolutely necess>y4 ,!re is a deep philosophical & physiological pr9ciple und]ly+ ?is & x applies p>ticul>ly to ! vocal /ud5t4 ,ea* m9ute sp5t 9 intellig5t practice makes ! voice bett] & ! task easi]4 ,! p[] to d comes ) do+4 ,"p ( ea* day's practice %\ld be devot$ to s++ ! scale s(tly & sl[ly ) p]fect intonation4 ,e tone %\ld be he>d ) ! greate/ possible acut5ess4 ,! e>s %\ld analyze ! tone quality ) ! same scrut9y ) :i* a botani/ w\ld exam9e ! petals ( a newly discov]$ specim54 ,z ! s+] does ?is he w notice t 8 s5se ( tone color w develop2 & ?is is a v vital "p ( e successful s+]'s equipm5t4 ,he w become aw>e ( beauties z well z defects 9 8 voice :i* may nev] h be5 ev5 suspect$ if he w only li/5 microscopically en\gh4 ,mu* ( ! s+]'s progress dep5ds ^u ! m5tal model he keeps be=e him4 ,! s+] :o con/antly he>s ! be/ ( s++ naturally progresses fa/] ?an "o surr\nd$ by inf]ior s++4 ,?is does n recomm5d t ! /ud5t %\ld imitate bl9dly b t he %\ld he> z mu* f9e s++ z possible4 ,^? :o h n ! means to att5d conc]ts & ! op]a may ga9 imm5sely f he>+ f9e records4 ,little ,adel9a ,patti1 play+ z a *ild on ! /age ( ! old ,academy ( ,music 9 ,new ,york1 0 really att5d+ ! f9e/ k9d ( a cons]vatory unaw>es4 ,! old ,italian tea*]s & writ]s ^u voice1 kn[+ ! florid /yle 9 :i* _! pupils w\ld be expect$ to s+1 did n h mu* to d ) fanciful ex]cises4 ,!y gave _! lives to ! que/ ( ! bel canto2 & _m ( !m _h difficulty 9 conv9c+ _! pupils t ! simple/ ex]cises 7 (t5 ! h>de/4 ,take = in/ance ?is invaluable scale ex]cise sung ) ! m>ks ( expression c>efully obs]v$4 ,?is ex]cise is "o ( ! mo/ difficult to s+ prop]ly4 ,nev]!less1 "s /ud5t w ru% on to florid ex]cises be=e he c ma/] ?is ex]cise4 ,to s+ x "r x mu/ be reg>d$ ) almo/ devotional rev]5ce4 ,inde$1 x may well be practic$ dilig5tly = ye>s4 ,e tone is a problem1 a problem :i* mu/ be solv$ 9 ! bra9 & 9 ! body ( ! s+] & n 9 ! m9d ( any tea*]4 ,! /ud5t mu/ hold up e tone = comp>ison ) 8 ideal tone4 ,e note mu/ r+ sweet & cle>1 pure & free4 ,e tone mu/ be ev5 m susceptible to ! emotions ?an ! expression ^u ! mo/ mobile face4 ,e tone mu/ be made ! means ( convey+ "s human emotion4 ,"s s+]s practice _! ex]cises 9 su* a p]functory mann] t !y get z a result voices s /iff & h>d t !y s\nd z ?\gh !y came f metallic in/rum5ts :i* c\ld only be alt]$ 9 a factory in/ead ( f ?roats l9$ ) a velvet-l membrane4 ,illu/ration3 musical notation3 ,s+ ) great att5tion to intonation4 ,flexibility1 mobility & susceptibility to expression are q z important z m]e sweetness4 ,aft] ! above ex]cise has be5 ma/]$ ! pupil may pass to ! *romatic scale 7scala semitonata so/5uto72 & ?is scale %\ld be sung 9 ! same sl[ su/a9$ mann] z ! =ego+ illu/ration4 ,,mme4 ,,m>cella ,,sembri* ,,biographical ,mme4 ,m>cella ,sembri* 7,prax$e ,m>cell9e ,ko*anska7 0 born 9 ,wisnewczyk1 ,galicia1 ,febru>y #ae1 #aheh4 ,sembri* 0 h] "m's "n4 ,h] fa!r 0 a music tea*] & %e tells ) pleasure h[ %e wat*$ h] fa!r make a little viol9 = h] to practice ^u4 ,at ! age ( sev5 %e 0 tak5 to ,wilhelm ,/5gel at ,lemb]g = fur!r in/ruction4 ,lat] %e w5t to /udy ) ! fam\s p$agogue1 ,julius ,ep/e91 at ,vi5na1 :o 0 amaz$ by ! *ild's prodigi\s tal5t z a piani/ & z a viol9i/4 ,he ask$1 ,is !re any?+ else %e c d8 ,yes1 repli$ ,/5gel1 ,i ?9k %e c s+4 ,s+ %e did2 & ,ep/e9 0 n long 9 det]m9+ t %e %\ld foll[ ! c>e] ( ! s+]4 ,h] o!r tea*]s 7 ,victor ,rokitansky1 ,ri*>d ,lewy & ,g4 ,b4 ,lamp]ti & a few mon?s ) ! eld] ,francesco ,lamp]ti4 ,h] debut 0 made 9 ,a!ns 9 #ahgg1 9 ,i ,puritani4 ,!reaft] %e t\r$ all ( ! ,european art c5t]s ) inv>iable success4 ,h] fir/ ,am]ican appe>ance 0 9 #ahhc4 ,%e came aga9 9 #ahih & = ye>s sang ) imm5se success 9 all p>ts ( ,am]ica4 ,am]ica has s9ce become h] home1 :]e %e has devot$ mu* "t to tea*+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mme4 ,,m>cella ,,sembri*4 7,c7 ,dupont4 ,,h[ ,,=tunes ,,are ,,wa/$ ,,9 ,,vocal ,,education ,,mme4 ,,m>cella ,,sembri* ,,e ,,"o ,,:o ,,c ,,%\ld ,,le>n ,,to ,,s+ ,few accompli%m5ts are m delight-giv+ ?an t ( be+ able to s+4 ,i w\ld mo/ en?usia/ically advise anyone possess+ a fair voice to h x tra9$ by "s reliable s++ tea*]4 ,european peoples appreciate ! great privilege ( be+ able to s+ = _! own amusem5t1 & ! pleasure !y get f _! s++ societies is inspir+4 ,if ,am]icans took m "t = ! developm5t ( accompli%m5ts ( ?is k9d _! j\rney ?r\gh life w\ld be f> m enjoyable & p]haps m pr(itable4 ,i believe t all %\ld und]/& ! art ( s++1 if only to become amateurs4 ,t music makes ! s\l m beautiful ,i h n ! lea/ d\bt4 ,because "s musicians h l$ que/ionable lives does n prove ! contr>y4 ,:at might ^! m5 h be5 _h !y n be5 "u ! b5ign influ5ce ( music8 ,"o has only to wat* p :o are "u ! magic spell ( beautiful music to und]/& :at a p[] x has = ! good4 ,i believe t good vocal music %\ld be a "p ( all progressive educational "w4 ,! m music we h1 ! m beautiful ?is _w w be1 ! m k9dly p w feel t[>d ea* o!r & ! m life w be wor? liv+4 ,,wrong ,,to ,,enc\rage ,,voiceless ,,aspirants ,b :5 ,i say t ev]yone :o possesses a voice %\ld le>n to s+ ,i d n by any means wi% to convey ! idea t anyone :o desires may become a great s+]4 ,t is a privilege t is giv5 to b a v few =tunate p4 ,s _m ?+s g toge!r to make a great s+] t ! "o :o gives advice %\ld be v circumspect 9 enc\rag+ "y p to und]take a pr(essional c>e]--especially an op]atic c>e]4 ,giv+ advice "u any conditions is (t5 ?ankless4 ,i h be5 appeal$ to by hundr$s ( girls :o h want$ me to he> !m s+4 ,i h always told !m :at seem$ to me ! tru?1 b ,i h be5 s dismay$ at ! mann] 9 :i* ?is has be5 receiv$ t ,i hesitate greatly be=e he>+ aspir+ s+]s4 ,x is ! same way ) ! tea*]s4 ,i "k t "s tea*]s are blam$ = tak+ voiceless pupils1 b ! pupils are m (t5 to blame ?an ! tea*]4 ,i h kn[n pupils :o h be5 disc\rag$ by sev]al good tea*]s to p]si/ until !y f9ally f\nd a tea*] :o w\ld take !m4 ,mo/ tea*]s are consci5ti\s--(t5 too consci5ti\s = _! pocketbooks4 ,if a repres5tative tea*] or a prom95t s+] advises y n to attempt a public c>e] y %\ld ?ank him1 z he is d\btless try+ to save y f ye>s ( mis]able failure4 ,x is a v s]i\s matt] = ! pupil1 & "o t %\ld be giv5 almo/ sacr$ consid]ation by ^? :o h ! pupil's welf>e at he>t4 ,wise1 inde$1 is ! "y s+] :o c s e/imate h] tal5ts t %e w />t along ! "r pa?4 ,!re are _m positions :i* are desirable & laudable :i* c be ably fill$ by compet5t s+]s4 ,if y h limitations :i* w prev5t y\r ev] rea*+ t w-o'-!-wisp kn[n z fame1 d n wa/e money try+ to a*ieve :at is obvi\sly out ( y\r rea*4 ,if y c fill ! position ( soloi/ 9 a small *oir cr$itably1 d s & be cont5t$4 ,don't aspire = op]atic heights if y are hopelessly %ackl$ by a lack ( natural qualifications4 ,x is a s]i\s error to />t vocal in/ruction too e>ly4 ,i d n believe t ! girl's musical education %\ld comm5ce e>li] ?an at ! age ( sixte54 ,x is true t 9 ! cases ( "s v heal?y girls no v great damage may be done1 b x is a risk ,i c]ta9ly w\ld n advise4 ,mu* money & "t are wa/$ ^u voice tra9+ ( girls "u ! age ( sixte54 ,if ! girl is de/9$ = a great c>e] %e w h ! compreh5sion1 ! grasp1 ! insight t w lead h] to le>n v rapidly4 ,"s p c take 9 ! :ole mean+ ( a picture at a glance2 o!rs are oblig$ to reg>d ! picture = h\rs to see ! same po9ts ( arti/ic int]e/4 ,quick compreh5sion is a great asset1 & ! girl :o is ( ! "r sort w lose no?+ by wait+ until %e rea*es ! above age4 ,,piano ,,or ,,viol9 ,,/udy ,,advisable ,,= ,,all ,,s+]s ,ambition1 fai?fulness to ideals & en]gy are ! only hopes left op5 to ! s+] :o is n gift$ ) a wond]fully beautiful natural voice4 ,x is true t "s s+]s ( great intellig5ce & great en]gy h be5 able to a*ieve wide fame ) natural voices t "u o!r conditions w\ld only attract local notice4 ,^! s+]s des]ve great cr$it = _! ef=ts4 ,:ile ! tra9+ ( ! voice may be def]r$ to ! age ( sixte51 ! e>ly ye>s %\ld by no means be wa/$4 ,! g5]al education ( ! *ild1 ! =tification ( ! heal? & ! /udy ( music ?r\gh ! m$ium ( "s in/rum5t are mo/ important4 ,! "y girl :o comm5ces voice /udy ) ! ability to play ei!r ! viol9 or ! piano has an enorm\s advantage ov] ! "y girl :o has _h no musical tra9+4 ,i f\nd ! piano tra9+ ( my y\? ( greate/ value1 & ?r\gh ! /udy ( ! viol9 ,i le>n$ c]ta9 secrets t ,i lat] appli$ to respiration & phras+4 ,al?\gh my voice 0 naturally flexible1 ,i h no d\bt t ! /udy ( ^! in/rum5ts assi/$ 9 intonation & execution 9 a mann] t ,i _c ov]-e/imate4 ,a beautiful voice is n s great a gift1 unless its possessor kn[s h[ to employ x to advantage4 ,! musical tra9+ t "o receives f ! /udy ( an in/rum5t is ( greate/ value4 ,consequ5tly1 ,i advise p>5ts :o hope to make _! *ildr5 s+]s to give !m ! advantage ( a ?or\gh musical tra9+ 9 ei!r viol9 /udy or ! piano4 ,mu* wa/$ money & _m bla/$ ambitions c be sp>$ by su* a c\rse4 ,a ,,good ,,g5]al ,,education ,,( ,,va/ ,,importance ,! s+] ^: g5]al education has be5 neglect$ is 9 a mo/ un=tunate plight4 ,& by g5]al education ,i d n mean only ^? academic /udies t p le>n 9 s*ools4 ,! imag9ation mu/ be /imulat$1 ! he>tfelt love = ! poetical mu/ be cultivat$1 & above all ?+s ! love = nature & mank9d mu/ be develop$4 ,i c take ! greate/ joy 9 a walk ?r\gh a great =e/4 ,x is an education to me to be ) nature4 ,un=tunately1 only too _m ,am]icans g ru%+ ?r\gh life neglect+ ^? ?+s :i* make life wor? liv+4 ,,musical ,,advance ,,9 ,,am]ica ,!re has be5 a mo/ m>vel\s advance 9 ?is respect1 h[ev]1 9 ,am]ica4 ,n only 9 nature love b 9 art x has be5 my pleasure to wat* a wond]ful gr[?4 ,:5 ,i fir/ came "h 9 #ahhc ?+s 7 entirely diff]5t 9 _m respects4 ,n[ ! great op]atic novelties ( ,europe are pres5t$ "h 9 magnific5t /yle1 & (t5 be=e !y are he>d 9 _m ,european capitals4 ,9 ?is respect ,am]ica to-day ranks ) ! be/ 9 ! _w4 ,w y n k9dly p]mit me to digress = a mom5t & say to ! music lov]s ( ,am]ica t ,i appreciate 9 ! deepe/ mann] ! great k9dnesses t h be5 %[n to me ev]y:]e8 ,= ?is reason1 ,i "k t my criticisms1 if !y may be call$ su*1 w be receiv$ z !y are int5d$4 ,! s+] %\ld make a s]i\s /udy ( languages4 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,engli% & ,italian are ! mo/ necess>y ones4 ,i include ,engli% z ,i am conv9c$ t x is only a matt] ( a %ort "t :5 a s*ool ( op]a writt5 by ,engli%-speak+ compos]s w arise4 ,! great educational & musical advance 9 ,am]ica is an indication ( ?is4 ,z = voice ex]cises1 ,i h always be5 ( ! op9ion t x is bett] to leave t matt] entirely to ! discretion ( ! tea*]4 ,!re c be no univ]sal voice ex]cise t w apply to all cases4 ,aga91 x is m a matt] ( h[ ! ex]cise is sung ?an ! ex]cise itself4 ,! simple/ ex]cise c become valuable 9 ! h&s ( ! great tea*]4 ,i h no fai? 9 ! tea*]s :o make ea* & e pupil g ?r\gh "o & ! same set ( ex]cises 9 ! same way4 ,! voice tea*] is l ! physician4 ,he mu/ orig9ate & prescribe c]ta9 rem$ies to suit c]ta9 cases4 ,mu* money is wa/$ by try+ to d )\t a good tea*]4 ,if ! pupil really has a great voice & ! requisite tal5t1 x is economical to take h] to ! be/ tea*] obta9able4 ,am]ican wom5 h wond]ful voices4 ,moreov]1 !y h great en]gy1 tal5t & temp]am5t4 ,_! accompli%m5ts 9 ! op]atic _w are matt]s ( pres5t musical hi/ory4 ,) su* spl5did ef=t & su* g5]osity1 x is easy to prophesy a great future = musical ,am]ica4 ,?is is ! l& ( great accompli%m5ts4 ,) "t ,am]icans w give m att5tion to ! cultivation ( details 9 art1 !y w acquire m repose p]haps1 & !n ! trem5d\s en]gy :i* has done s mu* to make ! c\ntry :at x is w be a great factor 9 e/abli%+ a s*ool ( music 9 ! new _w :i* w rank ) ! greate/ ( all times4 ,,mme4 ,,erne/9e ,,s*umann-,,he9k ,,biographical ,mme4 ,erne/9e ,s*umann-,he9k 7nee ,roessl]7 0 born ne> ! city ( ,prague1 ,july #ae1 #ahfa4 ,%e relates t h] fa!r 0 a ,cze* & h] "m 0 ( ,italian extraction4 ,%e 0 educat$ 9 ,ursul9e ,conv5t & /udi$ s++ ) ,mme4 ,m>ietta von ,leclair 9 ,graz4 ,h] fir/ appe>ance 0 at ! age ( #ae1 :5 %e is report$ to h tak5 a solo "p 9 a p]=mance ( ! ,bee?ov5 ,n9? ,symphony1 at an important conc]t 9 ,graz4 ,h] op]atic debut 0 made at ! ,royal ,op]a1 ,dresd51 9 ,trovatore4 ,!re %e /udi$ "u ,krebs & ,franz ,wuelln]4 ,x is impossible to detail ,mme4 ,s*umann-,he9k's op]atic successes "h1 s9ce h] num]\s appe>ances at ! lead+ op]atic h\ses ( ! _w h be5 foll[$ by su* triumphs t %e is admitt$ly ! greate/ contralto soloi/ ( h] "t4 ,at ,bayreu?1 ,cov5t ,g>d51 & at ! ,metropolitan h] appe>ances h drawn multitudes4 ,9 conc]t %e prov$ "o ( ! greate/ ( all s+]s ( art songs4 ,9 #aije %e became an ,am]ican citiz51 h] en?usiasm = ?is c\ntry lead+ h] to "n "o ( h] sons ,george ,wa%+ton4 ,dur+ ! great w> 79 :i* f\r ( h] sons s]v$ ) ! ,am]ican colors7 %e t\r$ incessantly f camp to camp1 giv+ h] s]vices = ! ent]ta9m5t ( ! soldi]s & w9n+ c\ntless admir]s 9 ?is way4 ,h] glori\s voice ext5ds f ,d on ! ?ird l9e ( ! bass clef to ,c on ! second leg] l9e above ! treble clef4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mme4 ,,erne/9e ,,s*umann-,,he9k4 ,,keep+ ,,! ,,voice ,,9 ,,prime ,,condition ,,mme4 ,,erne/9e ,,s*umann-,,he9k ,,! ,,arti/',s ,,responsibility ,w\ld y h me give ! secret ( my success at ! v out/>t8 ,x is v simple & c5t]s ar\nd ?is subject ( ! arti/'s responsibility to ! audi5ce4 ,my secret is absolute devotion to ! audi5ce4 ,i love my audi5ces4 ,!y are all my fri5ds4 ,i feel a bond ) !m ! mom5t ,i /ep be=e !m4 ,:e!r ,i am s++ 9 blase ,new ,york or be=e an audi5ce ( f>m] folk 9 "s ,we/]n ,*autauqua1 my attitude t[>d my audi5ce is q ! same4 ,i take ! same c>e & ?\ght ) e audi5ce4 ,?is ev5 ext5ds to my dress4 ,! s+]1 :o we>s an elaborate g[n be=e a ,metropolitan audi5ce & we>s "s worn-out old rag ( a ?+ :5 s++ at "s rural fe/ival1 %[s t %e has n ! prop] respect 9 h] m9d4 ,respect is ev]y?+4 ,!re=e x is necess>y = me to h my voice 9 ! be/ ( condition e day ( ! ye>4 ,x is my duty to my audi5ce4 ,! woman :o comes to a c\ntry ,*autauqua & br+s h] baby ) h] & p]*ance nurses ! little "o dur+ ! conc]t gets a great deal clos] to my he>t ?an ! /iff-back$ ari/ocrat :o has j left a ,pek+ese spaniel outside ( ! op]a h\se door 9 a #fjjj4jj lim\s9e4 ,t little c\ntry woman expects to he> ! s+] at h] be/4 ,!re=e1 ,i practice j z c>efully on ! day ( ! ,*autauqua conc]t z ,i w\ld if ,i 7 to s+ ,ortrud ! same night at ! ,metropolitan 9 ,new ,york4 ,am]ican audi5ces are becom+ m & m discrim9at+4 ,likewise !y are m & m responsive4 ,z an ,am]ican citiz51 ,i am devot$ to all ! ideals ( ! new _w4 ,!y h accept$ me 9 ! mo/ :ole-s\l$ mann] & ,i am grateful to ! l& ( my adoption4 ,,! ,,advantage ,,( ,,an ,,e>ly ,,tra9+ ,:e!r or n ! voice keeps 9 prime condition to-day dep5ds l>gely ^u ! e>ly tra9+ ( ! s+]4 ,if t tra9+ is a good "o1 a s\nd "o1 a s5sible "o1 ! voice w1 ) regul> practice1 keep 9 good condition = a rem>kably long "t4 ,! tr\ble is t ! av]age /ud5t is too impati5t 9 ^! days to take "t = a suffici5t tra9+4 ,! voice at ! out/>t mu/ be tra9$ lightly & c>efully4 ,!re mu/ n be ! lea/ /ra94 ,i believe t at ! beg9n+ two lessons a week %\ld be suffici5t4 ,! lessons %\ld n be long] ?an "o-half an h\r & ! home practice %\ld n exce$ at ! />t fifty m9utes a day4 ,ev5 !n ! practice %\ld be divid$ into two p]iods4 ,! "y s+] %\ld practice mezza voce1 :i* simply means no?+ m or less ?an half voice4 ,nev] practice ) full voice unless s++ "u ! direction ( a well-s*ool$ tea*] ) ye>s ( practical s++ exp]i5ce4 ,x is easy en\gh to %\t4 ,"s ( ! s+]s 9 mod]n op]a seem to employ a k9d ( megaphone me?od4 ,!y /& /ock /ill on ! /age & bawl out ! phrases z ?\gh !y 7 ann\nc+ tra9s 9 a railroad t]m9al4 ,su* s+]s disappe> 9 a few ye>s4 ,_! voices seem torn to %r$s4 ,! reason is t !y h n giv5 suffici5t att5tion to bel canto 9 _! e>ly tra9+4 ,!y seem to =get t voice mu/ fir/ ( all be beautiful4 ,bel canto1--beautiful s++1--n ! s++ ( mean+less ,italian phrases1 z s _m insi/1 b ! glori\s bel canto :i* ,ba*1 ,haydn & ,moz>t dem&1--a bel canto t cultivates ! musical ta/e1 discipl9es ! voice & tra9s ! s+] te*nically to d great ?+s4 ,please und]/& t ,i am n disp>ag+ ! good & beautiful 9 ,italian ma/]pieces4 ,! musician w "k :at ,i mean4 ,! s+] c ga9 little1 h[ev]1 f music t intellectually & vocally is bett] suit$ to a p>rot ?an a human be+4 ,"s ( ! old] s+]s made bel canto su* an art t p came to he> !m = _! voices alone1 & n = _! intellectual or emotional int]pretations ( a role4 ,p]haps y nev] he>d ,patti 9 h] prime4 ,ah6 ,patti--! wond]ful ,adel9a ) ! glori\s gold5 voice4 ,x 0 %e :o made me ambiti\s to /udy brea?+ until x became an art4 ,to he> h] z %e tripp+ly left ! /age 9 ,v]di's ,traviata s++ runs ) ease & f9i% t o!r s+]s slur or /umble ov]1--ah6 t 0 an art6 ,illu/ration3 musical notation3 ,ex4 #a il mio p5 si]1 il mio p5-si] il mio p5-si]4 ,volumes h be5 writt5 on brea?+ & volumes m c\ld be writt54 ,?is is n ! place to discuss ! s+]'s great fundam5tal ne$4 ,ne$ ,i say m ?an t ,i practice deep brea?+ e day ( my life8 ,,! ,,age ,,= ,,/>t+ ,x is my op9ion t no girl :o wi%es to keep h] voice 9 ! prime ( condition all ! "t 9 aft] ye>s %\ld />t to /udy mu* e>li] ?an sev5te5 or eighte5 ye>s ( age4 ,9 ! case ( a man ,i d n believe t he %\ld />t until he is pa/ tw5ty or ev5 tw5ty-two4 ,i "k t ?is is contr>y to :at _m s+]s ?9k1 b ! p]iod ( mutation 9 bo? sexes is a mu* sl[] process ?an mo/ tea*]s realize1 & ,i h giv5 ?is matt] a great deal ( s]i\s ?\ght4 ,,let ,,ev]ybody ,,s+6 ,c ,i digress long en\gh to say t ,i ?9k t ev]ybody %\ld s+8 ,t is1 !y %\ld le>n to s+ "u a good s++ in/ructor4 ,?is does n mean t !y %\ld look =w>d t[>d a pr(essional c>e]4 ,god =bid6 ,!re are en\gh half-bak$ s+]s 9 ! _w n[ :o are /riv+ to become pr(essionals4 ,b ! public %\ld "k t s++ is ! heal?ie/ k9d ( ex]cise imag9able4 ,:5 "o s+s prop]ly "o ex]cises ne>ly all ( ! important muscles ( ! torso4 ,! circulation ( ! blood is improv$1 ! dige/ion bett]$1 ! he>t promot$ to heal?y action--9 fact1 ev]y?+ is bett]$4 ,s+]s z a rule are notori\sly heal?y & (t5 v long liv$4 ,! new movem5t = community s++ 9 ! op5 air is a magnific5t "o4 ,let ev]ybody s+6 ,a great s++ tea*] ) a reputation z big z ,napoleon's or ,george ,wa%+ton's is n ne$$4 ,!re are ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( unkn[n tea*]s :o are mo/ excell5t4 ,(t5 ! advice or ! in/ruction is v mu* ! same4 ,:at diff]5ce does x make :e!r ,i buy ,ca/ile soap 9 a huge ,broadway /ore or a little c\ntry /ore1 if ! soap is ! same8 ,_m p hesitate to /udy because !y c n /udy ) a great tea*]4 ,nons5se6 ,pick out "s s5sible1 well-drill$ tea*] & !n use y\r own good judgm5t to guide y\rself4 ,rememb] t ,s*umann-,he9k did n /udy ) a _w-fam$ tea*]4 ,:oev] he>s ( ,m>ietta von ,leclair 9 ^! days8 ,yet ,i d n ?9k t ,i c\ld h done any m ) my voice if ,i _h _h e fam\s tea*] f ,niccolo ,antonio ,porpora d[n to ! pres5t day4 ,! individual s+] mu/ h ideals1 & !n leave no?+ undone to atta9 ^? ideals4 ,"o ( my ideals 0 to be able to s+ pianissimo ) ! k9d ( resonance t makes x c>ry up to ! f>!/ gall]y4 ,t is "o ( ! mo/ difficult ?+s ,i _h to le>n1 & ,i atta9$ x only aft] ye>s ( fai?ful practice4 ,,! ,,s+]',s ,,daily ,,r\t9e ,to keep ! voice 9 prime condition ! s+]'s fir/ consid]ation is physical & m5tal heal?4 ,if ! body or ! m9d is ov]-tax$ s++ becomes an impossibility4 ,x is amaz+ :at ! heal?y body & ! busy m9d c really /&4 ,i take b ?ree weeks' vacation dur+ ! ye> & f9d t ,i am a great deal bett] = x4 ,long t]ms ( en=c$ indol5ce d n mean re/4 ,! real arti/ is happie/ :5 at "w1 & ,i want to "w4 ,=tunately ,i am nev] at loss = opportunity4 ,! ambiti\s vocal /ud5t c b5efit z mu* by /udy+ a good book on hygi5e or ! cons]vation ( ! heal? z f a book on ! art ( s++4 ,fir/ ( all comes diet4 ,am]icans z a rule eat f> too mu*4 ,:y d "s ( ! good *ur*go+ p raise su* an incessant r[ ab\t ov]-dr9k+ :5 !y con/antly injure !mselves q z mu* by ov]-eat+8 ,:at diff]5ce does x make :e!r y ru9 y\r /oma*1 liv] or kidneys by too mu* alcohol or too mu* roa/ beef8 ,"o vice is z bad z ano!r4 ,! s+] mu/ live ^u a light diet4 ,a heavy diet is by no means necess>y to keep up a robu/ physique4 ,i am r>ely ill1 am exce$+ly /rong 9 e way1 & yet eat v little inde$4 ,i f9d t my voice is 9 ! be/ ( condition :5 ,i eat v mod]ately4 ,my dige/ion is a s]i\s matt] ) me1 & ,i take e precaution to see t x is n conge/$ 9 any way4 ,?is is mo/ important to ! s+]4 ,"h is an av]age m5u = my days :5 ,i am on t\r3 ,,breakfa/ ,two or m glasses ( ,cold ,wat] 7n ice wat]7 ,ham & ,eggs ,c(fee ,toa/4 ,,mid-,,day ,,d9n] ,s\p ,"s ,meat ,ord] ,a ,vegetable ,pl5ty ( ,salad ,fruit4 ,,supp] ,a ,s&wi* ,fruit4 ,su* a m5u ,i f9d ample = ! heavie/ k9d ( pr(essional "w4 ,if ,i eat m1 my "w may det]iorate1 & ,i "k x4 ,fre% air1 sun%9e1 suffici5t re/ & daily ba?s 9 tepid wat] night & morn+ are a "p ( my regul> r\t9e4 ,i lay special /ress ^u ! ba?s4 ,no?+ invigorates ! s+] z mu* z ?is4 ,avoid v cold ba?s1 b see to x t y h a good reaction aft] ea* ba?4 ,!re is no?+ l su* a r\t9e z ?is to avoid colds4 ,if y h a cold try ! same rem$ies to try to get rid ( x4 ,to me1 "o day at ,atlantic ,city is bett] = a cold ?an all ! m$ic9e ,i c take4 ,i call ,atlantic ,city my cold doctor4 ,( c\rse1 !re are _m o!r %ore resorts t may be j z helpful1 b :5 ,i c d s ,i always make a bee l9e = ,atlantic ,city ! mom5t ,i feel a s]i\s cold on ! way4 ,s5sible s+]s "k n[ t !y mu/ avoid alcohol1 ev5 9 limit$ quantities1 if !y desire to be 9 ! prime ( condition & keep ! voice = a long1 long "t4 ,*ampagne p>ticul>ly is poison to ! s+] j be=e s++4 ,x seems to irritate ! ?roat & make good vocal "w impossible4 ,i am sorry = ! s+] :o feels t "s spur l *ampagne or a cup ( /rong c(fee is desirable be=e go+ ^u ! /age4 ,x amuses me to he> girls say1 ,i w\ld give any?+ to be a great s+]2 & !n g & lace !mselves until !y look l ,j]sey mosquitoes4 ,! brea? is ! motive p[] ( ! voice4 ,)\t x "u intellig5t control no?+ c be accompli%$4 ,"o might z well try to run an automobile )\t gasol9e z s+ )\t brea?4 ,h[ c a girl brea! :5 %e has squeez$ h] lungs to "o-half _! normal size8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,heavy ,,roles ,! voice c nev] be kept 9 prime condition if x is oblig$ to c>ry a load t x has n be5 prep>$ to c>ry4 ,mo/ voices t we> out are voices t h be5 ov]burd5$4 ,ei!r ! s+] does n "k h[ to s+ or ! role is too heavy4 ,i ?9k t ,i may be =giv5 = po9t+ out t ,i h repeat$ly sung ! heavie/ & mo/ exact+ roles 9 op]a4 ,my voice w\ld h be5 %att]$ ye>s ago if ,i _h n prep>$ myself = ^! roles & sung !m prop]ly4 ,a man may be able to c>ry a load ( fifty p\nds = miles if he c>ries x on 8 back1 b he w n be able to c>ry x a qu>t] ( a mile if he holds x out at arm's l5g? f ! body1 ) "o arm4 ,does ?is n make ! po9t cle>8 ,"s roles dem& maturity4 ,x is suicidal = ! "y s+] to attempt !m4 ,! compos] & ! conductor naturally ?9k only ( ! effect at ! p]=mance4 ,! s+]'s welf>e ) !m is a second>y consid]ation4 ,i h sung "u ! great compos]s & conductors1 f ,ri*>d ,wagn] to ,ri*>d ,/rauss4 ,"s ( ! ,/rauss roles are ev5 m /r5u\s ?an ^? ( ,wagn]4 ,!y call = great en]gy z well z great vocal ability4 ,"y s+]s essay ^! heavy roles & ! voices g to pieces4 ,:y n wait a little :ile8 ,:y n be pati5t8 ,! s+] is haunt$ by ! delusion t success c only come to h] if %e s+s great roles4 ,if %e c n ape ,melba 9 ,traviata1 ,emma ,eames z ,elizabe? 9 ,tannhaeus] or ,g]ald9e ,f>r> 9 ,butt]fly1 %e p\ts & refuses to d any?+4 ,(f] h] a small "p & %e sne]s at x4 ,ha6 ,ha6 ,all my e>lie/ successes 7 made 9 ! smalle/ k9ds ( p>ts4 ,i realiz$ t ,i _h only a little to d & only v little "t to d x 94 ,consequ5tly1 ,i gave myself he>t & s\l to t "p4 ,x mu/ be done s arti/ically1 s intellig5tly1 s beautifully t x w\ld comm& success4 ,imag9e ! roles ( ,erda & ,norna1 & ,m>ie 9 ,fly+ ,dut*man4 ,!y are s small t !y c h>dly be se54 ,yet ^! roles 7 my fir/ door to success & fame4 ,wagn] did n ?9k ( !m z little ?+s4 ,he 0 a real ma/] & knew t 9 e art-"w a small "p is j z important z a great "p4 ,x is a "p ( a beautiful :ole4 ,don't turn up y\r nose at little ?+s4 ,take e opportunity1 & treat x z ?\gh x 7 ! greate/ ?+ 9 y\r life4 ,x pays4 ,ev]y?+ t am\nts to any?+ 9 my entire c>e] has come ?r\gh /ruggle4 ,at fir/ a horrible /ruggle ) pov]ty4 ,no girl /ud5t 9 a hall b$room to-day 7& my he>t goes out to !m n[7 endures m ?an ,i w5t ?r\gh4 ,x 0 "w1 "w1 "w1 f morn+ to night1 ) dome/ic c>es & worries en\gh all ! "t to drive a woman mad4 ,keep up y\r spirits1 girls4 ,if y h ! "r k9d ( fight 9 y1 success w surely come4 ,nev] ?9k ( disc\ragem5t1 no matt] :at happ5s4 ,keep work+ e day & always hop+4 ,x w come out all "r if y h ! gift & ! p]sev]ance4 ,compulsion is ! greate/ elem5t 9 ! vocali/'s success4 ,pov]ty has a kn\t 9 its h& driv+ y on4 ,well1 let x1--& rememb] t "u t kn\t y w travel twice z fa/ z ! ri* girl possibly c ) h] fifty-horse-p[] automobile4 ,keep true to ! be/4 ,muss--,i ,,mu/1 ,i w1 ! m]e necessity is a help n a h9drance1 if y h ! "r /uff 9 y4 ,le>n to dep5d ^u y\rself1 & "k t :5 y h some?+ t ! public wants x w n be sl[ 9 runn+ aft] y4 ,don't ask = help4 ,i nev] _h any help4 ,tell t to ! aspir+ geese :o ?9k t ,i h "s magic p[] :]eby ,i c help a m$iocre s+] to success by ! m]e twi/ ( ! h&4 ,,daily ,,ex]cises ,,( ,a ,,prima ,,donna ,illu/ration3 musical notation ,daily vocal ex]cises are ! daily bread ( ! s+]4 ,!y %\ld be practic$ j z regul>ly z "o sits d[n to ! table to eat1 or z "o wa%es "o's tee? or z "o ba!s4 ,z a rule ! av]age pr(essional s+] does n resort to complicat$ ex]cises & great c>e is tak5 to avoid /ra94 ,x is p]fectly easy = me1 a contralto1 to s+ ,c 9 alt b d y suppose ,i s+ x 9 my daily ex]cises8 ,x is "o ( ! extreme notes 9 my range & x might be a /ra94 ,consequ5tly ,i avoid x4 ,i also s+ mo/ ( my ex]cises mezza voce4 ,!re %\ld always be p]iods ( int]mission betwe5 practice4 ,i (t5 g ab\t my r\t9e "w :ile on t\r1 walk+ up & d[n ! room1 pack+ my trunk1 etc41 & practic+ g5tly at ! same "t4 ,i enjoy x & x makes my "w light]4 ,( c\rse ,i take great pa9s to practice c>efully4 ,my ex]cises are = ! mo/ "p simple scales1 arpeggios or trills4 ,= in/ance1 ,i w />t ) ! foll[+3 ,illu/ration3 musical notation ,?is ,i s+ 9 middle voice & v s(tly4 ,!reby ,i d n become tir$ & ,i don't bo!r ! neighborhood4 ,if ,i sang ?is 9 ! big1 full l[] tones & sang l\d1 my voice w\ld be fatigu$ r ?an b5efit$ & ! neighbors w\ld hate me4 ,?is ,i cont9ue up to ,d or ,e flat4 ,illu/ration3 musical notation ,above ?is ,i inv>iably use :at is t]m$ ! head tone4 ,female s+]s %\ld always beg9 ! head tone on ?is degree ( ! /aff & n on ,f & ,f1 z is sometimes recomm5d$4 ,i always use ! ,italian v[el ah 9 my ex]cises4 ,x seems be/ to me4 ,i "k t oo & ue are recomm5d$ = contraltos1 b ,i h long _h ! firm conviction t "o %\ld fir/ p]fect ! natural vocal color ?r\gh secur+ good tones by means ( ! mo/ op5 v[el4 ,aft] ?is is done ! voice may be fur!r color$ by ! judici\s employm5t ( o!r v[els4 ,sopranos1 = in/ance1 c help _! head tones by s++ ee 7,italian i74 ,i "k no?+ bett] = acquir+ a flexible tone ?an to s+ trills l ! foll[+3 ,illu/ration3 musical notation & at ! same "t pres]ve a g5tle1 smil+ expression4 ,smile naturally1 z ?\gh y 7 g5u9ely amus$ at some?+1--smile until y\r upp] tee? are uncov]$4 ,!n1 try ^! ex]cises ) ! v[el ah4 ,don't be afraid ( gett+ a trivial1 colorless tone4 ,x is easy en\gh to make ! tone sombre by will+ x s1 :5 ! occasion dem&s4 ,y w be amaz$ :at ?is smil+1 g5ial1 lieb5swu]dig expression w d to relieve /iffness & help y 9 plac+ y\r voice "r4 ,! old ,italians knew ab\t x & advocat$ x /rongly4 ,!re is no?+ l x to keep ! voice y\?ful1 fre% & 9 ! prime ( condition4 ,,! ,,s+] ,,mu/ ,,relax ,probably m voices are ru9$ by /ra9 ?an ?r\gh any o!r cause4 ,! s+] mu/ relax all ! "t4 ,?is does n mean flabb9ess4 ,x does n mean t ! s+] %\ld collapse be=e s++4 ,relaxation 9 ! s+]'s s5se is a delici\s condition ( buoyancy1 ( lightness1 ( fre$om1 ( ease & entire lack ( tight5+ 9 any "p4 ,:5 ,i relax ,i feel z ?\gh e atom 9 my body 7 float+ 9 space4 ,!re is n "o s+le little n]ve on t5sion4 ,! s+] mu/ be p>ticul>ly c>eful :5 approa*+ a climax 9 a great "w ( art4 ,!n ! t5d5cy to tight5 up is at its greate/4 ,?is mu/ be anticipat$4 ,take su* a case z ! foll[+ passage f ! fam\s aria f ,sa9t-,sa5s' ,samson et ,delila1 ,mon coeur s'ouvre a ta voix4 ,! climax is obvi\sly on ! words ,ah6--v]se moi4 ,! climax is ! note m>k$ by a /> 7f on ! top l9e74 ,illu/ration3 musical notation3 ,reponds a ma t5-dres-se1 ,re-ponds a ma t5-dress-s6 ,ah6--v]-se-moi--v]-se-moi44 l-i-vres-se6 ,:5 ,i am s++ ! la/ notes ( ! previ\s phrase to ! ^w t5dresse1 anyone :o has obs]v$ me closely w notice t ,i in/9ctively let my %\ld]s drop1--t ! facial muscles become relax$ z :5 "o is ab\t to smile or ab\t to yawn4 ,i am !n relax+ to meet ! great melodic climax & meet x 9 su* a mann] t ,i w h abundant res]ve =ce aft] x has be5 sung4 ,:5 "o has to s+ be=e an audi5ce ( five or six ?\s& p su* a climax is imm5sely important & x requires great balance to meet x & triumph 9 x4 ,,antonio ,,scotti ,,biographical ,antonio ,scotti 0 born at ,naples1 ,jan4 #be1 #ahff1 & did mu* ( 8 vocal /udy !re ) ,mme4 ,trif>i ,pagan9i4 ,8 debut 0 made at ! ,teatro ,reale1 9 ! ,isl& ( ,malta1 9 #ahhi4 ,! op]a 0 ,m>?a4 ,aft] t\r+ ! ,italian op]a h\ses he sp5t sev5 seasons 9 ,s\? ,am]ica at a "t :5 ! int]e/ 9 gr& op]a on t cont95t 0 develop+ trem5d\sly4 ,he !n t\r$ ,spa9 & ,russia ) great success & made 8 debut at ,cov5t ,g>d51 ,london1 9 #ahii4 ,8 success 0 s great t he 0 imm$iately engag$ = ! ,metropolitan 9 ,new ,york1 :]e he has sung e season s9ce t "t4 ,8 mo/ successful roles h be5 9 ,la ,tosca1 ,la ,boheme1 ,i ,pagliacci1 ,c>m51 ,fal/aff1 ,l',oracolo & ,otello4 ,8 voice is a ri* & p[]ful b>itone4 ,he is consid]$ "o ( ! f9e/ actors among ! gr& op]a s+]s4 ,dur+ rec5t ye>s he has t\r$ ) an op]a company ( 8 own1 mak+ _m successful appe>ances 9 "s ( ! small] z well z ! l>g] ,am]ican cities4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,antonio ,,scotti ,,9 ,,! ,,co/ume ,,( ,,8 ,,mo/ ,,fam\s ,,role1 ,,sc>pia1 ,,9 ,,la ,,tosca1 ,,by ,,pucc9i4 ,,italian ,,op]a ,,9 ,,am]ica ,,antonio ,,scotti ,s closely id5tifi$ is ,italy ) all t p]ta9s to op]a1 t ! "q ( ! future ( ,italian op]a 9 ,am]ica is "o t int]e/s me imm5sely4 ,x has be5 my privilege to devote a numb] ( ! be/ ye>s ( my life to s++ 9 ,italian op]a 9 ?is wond]ful c\ntry1 & "o _c help notic+1 fir/ ( all1 ! almo/ indescribable advance t ,am]ica has made along all l9es4 ,x is s m>vel\s t ^? :o reside cont9ually 9 ?is c\ntry d n /op to consid] x4 ,musicians ( ,europe :o h nev] visit$ ,am]ica c =m no conception ( x1 & :5 !y once h _h an opportunity to obs]ve musical conditions 9 ,am]ica1 ! great op]a h\ses1 ! music s*ools1 ! !atres & ! bu/l+1 hu/l+ activity1 toge!r ) ! extraord9>y ca/s ( _w-fam\s op]atic />s pres5t$ 9 our lead+ cities1 !y are amaz$ 9 ! extreme4 ,x is v gratify+ = me to realize t ! op]atic compositions ( my c\ntrym5 mu/ play a v important "p 9 ! op]atic future ( ,am]ica4 ,x has always seem$ to me t !re is f> m v>iety 9 ! works ( ! mod]n ,italian compos]s ?an 9 ^? ( o!r nations4 ,almo/ all ( ! lat] ,g]man op]as be> ! unmi/akable /amp ( ,wagn]4 ,^? :i* d n1 %[ decid$ ,italian influ5ces4 ,! op]as ( ,moz>t are l>gely f\nd$ on ,italian models1 al?\gh !y %[ a m>vel\s g5ius peculi> to ! great ma/] :o creat$ !m4 ,,op]atic ,,t5d5cies ,! ,italian op]a ( ! future w )\t d\bt foll[ ! lead ( ,v]di1 t is1 ! lat] works ( ,v]di4 ,to me ,fal/aff seems ! mo/ rem>kable ( all ,italian op]as4 ,! public is n well en\gh acqua9t$ ) ?is "w to dem& x ) ! same =ce t !y dem& "s ( ! m popul> works ( ,v]di4 ,v]di 0 always melodi\s4 ,8 compositions are a beautiful lace-"w ( melodies4 ,x has seem$ to me t "s ( ! ,italian op]atic compos]s :o h be5 /rongly influ5c$ by ,wagn] h made ! mi/ake ( suppos+ t ,wagn] 0 n a ma/] ( melody4 ,consequ5tly !y h sacrific$ _! ,italian bir?right ( melody = all k9ds ( cacophony4 ,wagn] 0 really wond]fully melodi\s4 ,"s ( 8 melodies are among ! mo/ beautiful ev] conceiv$4 ,i d n ref] only to ! melodies su* z ,oh1 ,?\ ,sublime ,ev5+ ,/> ( ,tannhaeus] or ! ,bridal ,m>* ( ,loh5gr91 b also to ! inexhau/ible fund ( melodies t "o may f9d 9 mo/ e "o ( 8 a/oni%+ works4 ,true1 ^! melodies are diff]5t 9 type f mo/ melodies ( ,italian orig91 b !y are none ! less melodies1 & beautiful ones4 ,v]di's lat] op]as conta9 su* melodies & he is ! model :i* ! "y compos]s ( ,italy w d\btless foll[4 ,pucc9i1 ,mascagni1 ,leoncavallo1 & o!rs1 h writt5 works ri* 9 melody & yet n want+ 9 dramatic *>m1 or*e/ral accompanim5t & musicianly treatm5t4 ,,op]a ,,! ,,natural ,,g5ius ,,( ,,italy',s ,,compos]s ,:5 ! ,italian /ud5t leaves ! cons]vatory1 9 n9ety-n9e cases out ( a hundr$ 8 ambitions are solely along ! l9e ( op]atic composition4 ,?is seems 8 natural b5t or m\ld4 ,( c\rse he has writt5 small fugues & p]haps ev5 symphonies1 b 9 ! majority ( in/ances ^! h be5 m]e academic ex]cises4 ,i regret t ?is is ! case1 & he>tily wi% t we _h m ,bossis1 ,m>tuccis & ,sgambattis1 b1 aga91 w\ld x n be a great mi/ake to try to make a symphoni/ out ( an op]atic compos]8 ,9 ! case ( ,p]osi ,i (t5 regret t he is a prie/ & !re=e _c write = ! !atre1 because ,i e>ne/ly believe t not)/&+ 8 success z a compos] ( religi\s music1 8 natural b5t is = ! !atre or ! op]a4 ,,! ,,compos]s ,,( ,,to-,,day ,( ! great ,italian op]a compos]s ( to-day1 ,i feel t ,pucc9i is1 p]haps1 ! greate/ because he has a deep] & m intimate appreciation ( !atrical values4 ,e note t ,pucc9i writes smells ( ! pa9t & canvas beh9d ! prosc5ium ar*4 ,he seems to "k j :at k9d ( music w g be/ ) a c]ta9 s]ies ( words 9 ord] to br+ out ! dramatic mean+4 ,?is is 9 no s5se a depreciation ( ! f9e ?+s t ,mascagni1 ,leoncavallo & o!rs h done4 ,x is simply my p]sonal e/imate ( ,pucc9i's wor? z an op]atic compos]4 ,p]sonally1 ,i l ,madama ,butt]fly bett] ?an any o!r ,italian op]a writt5 9 rec5t ye>s4 ,aside f ,fal/aff1 my own be/ role is probably 9 ,la ,tosca4 ,! two mo/ popul> ,italian op]as ( to-day are )\t d\bt ,aida & ,madama ,butt]fly4 ,t is1 ^! op]as draw ! greate/ audi5ces at pres5t4 ,x is gratify+ to note a v mu* unifi$ & ca?olic ta/e ?r\gh\t ! entire c\ntry4 ,t is to say1 9 ,*icago1 ,san ,francisco1 ,bo/on & ,philadelphia "o f9ds ! public ta/e v simil>4 ,?is indicates t ! great musical advance 9 rec5t ye>s 9 ,am]ica has n be5 conf9$ to "o or two ea/]n cities4 ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,! ,,/> ,,sy/em ,x is (t5 regretable t ! reputation ( ! s+] draws bigg] audi5ces 9 ,am]ica ?an ! "w to be p]=m$4 ,am]ican p g to he> "s p>ticul> s+] & n to he> ! "w ( ! compos]4 ,9 o!r c\ntries ?is is n s inv>iably ! rule4 ,x is a condition t may be ov]come 9 "t 9 ,am]ica4 ,x (t5 happ5s t rem>kably good p]=mances are miss$ by ! public :o are only drawn to ! op]a h\se :5 "s great op]atic celebrity s+s4 ,! intr9sic beauties ( ! op]a itself %\ld h mu* to d ) controll+ its pres5tation4 ,9 all cases at pres5t ! ,italian op]a seems 9 prepond]ance1 b ?is _c be said to be a result ( ! engagem5t ( ca/s compos$ exclusively ( ,italian s+]s4 ,9 our ,am]ican op]a h\ses _m s+]s ( _m diff]5t nationalities are engag$ 9 s++ 9 ,italian op]a4 ,p]sonally1 ,i am oppos$ to op]as be+ sung 9 any tongue b t 9 :i* ! op]a 0 orig9ally writt54 ,if ,i am n mi/ak51 ! ,cov5t ,g>d5 ,op]a ,h\se & ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se are ! only two op]a h\ses 9 ! _w :]e ?is sy/em is foll[$4 ,no "o c realize :at ,i mean until he has he>d a ,wagn] op]a pres5t$ 9 ,fr5*1 a tongue t seems absolutely unfitt$ = ! music ( ,wagn]4 ,,! ,,possible ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,/rauss ,,& ,,debussy ,i d n feel t ei!r ,/rauss or ,debussy w h an influ5ce ^u ! music ( ! com+ ,italian compos]s simil> to t :i* ! music ( ,wagn] _h ^u ,v]di & 8 foll[]s4 ,p]sonally1 ,i admire !m v mu*1 b !y seem unvocal1 & ,italy is no?+ if n vocal4 ,to me ,pelleas & ,melis&e w\ld be q z int]e/+ if x 7 act$ 9 pantomime ) ! or*e/ral accompanim5t4 ,! voice p>ts1 to my way ( ?9k+1 c\ld almo/ be disp5s$ )4 ,! piece is a beautiful dream1 & ! /ory s evid5t t x c\ld almo/ be play$ z an op]a )\t words4 ,b vocal x c]ta9ly is n1 & ! opportunities ( ! s+] are decid$ly limit$4 ,/rauss1 also1 does n ev5 treat ! voice ) ! scant consid]ation be/[$ ^u x 9 "s ( ! extreme passages ( ! ,wagn] op]as4 ,occasionally ! s+] has an opportunity1 b x _c be d5i$ t to ! actor & ! or*e/ra falls ! lion's %>e ( ! "w4 ,,op]atic ,,c5t]s ,,9 ,,italy ,am]icans seem to ?9k t ! only really great op]atic c5t] ( ,italy is ,milan4 ,?is is d\btless due to ! celebrity ( ! fam\s op]a h\se1 ,la ,scala1 & to ! fact t ! great publi%+ h\se ( ,ricordi is locat$ !re1 b x is by no means indicative ( ! true condition4 ,! fact is t ! appreciation ( op]a is (t5 great] outside ( ,milan ?an 9 ! city4 ,9 ,naples1 ,rome & ,flor5ce op]a is giv5 on a gr& scale1 & _m o!r ,italian cities possess f9e !at]s & f9e op]atic companies4 ,! ,san ,c>los ,company1 at ,naples1 is usually exceptionally good1 & ! op]a h\se itself is a mo/ excell5t "o4 ,! greate/ musical indu/ry c5t]s ar\nd ,milan ow+1 z we h said1 to ! publi%+ int]e/s 9 t city4 ,if an ,italian compos] wants to produce "o ( 8 works he usually makes arrangem5ts ) 8 publi%]4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 br+s him at once to ,milan 9 mo/ cases4 ,,m ,,new ,,op]as ,,%\ld ,,be ,,produc$ ,x is1 ( c\rse1 difficult to ga9 an audi5ce = a new "w1 b ?is is l>gely ! fault ( ! public4 ,! manag]s are usually will+ & glad to br+ out novelties if ! public c be f\nd to appreciate !m4 ,madama ,butt]fly is a novelty1 b x leap$ into imm$iate & enorm\s appreciation4 ,w\ld t we c\ld f9d a numb] l x6 ,madama ,butt]fly's success has be5 l>gely due to ! fact t ! "w be>s ! direct evid5ces ( inspiration4 ,i 0 ) ,pucc9i 9 ,london :5 he saw = ! fir/ "t ,john ,lu!r ,long's /ory1 dramatiz$ by a ,belasco1 produc$ 9 ! =m ( a "o-act play4 ,he _h a numb] ( librettos "u consid]ation at t "t1 b he ca/ !m all aside at once4 ,i nev] knew ,pucc9i to be m excit$4 ,! /ory ( ! little ,japanese piece 0 on 8 m9d all ! "t4 ,he c\ld n seem to get away f x4 ,x 0 9 ?is :ite heat ( inspiration t ! piece 0 m\ld$4 ,op]as d n come out ( ! n[h]e4 ,!y are born ( ! arti/ic en?usiasm & intellectual exub]ance ( ! tra9$ compos]4 ,,am]ica',s ,,musical ,,future ,"o ( ! m>vel\s conditions ( music 9 ?is c\ntry is t ! op]a1 ! conc]t1 ! oratorio & ! recital all seem to meet ) equal appreciation4 ,! fact t mo/ /ud5ts ( music 9 ?is l& play ! piano has op5$ ! av5ues lead+ to an appreciation ( or*e/ral scores4 ,9 ! case ( op]a ! condition 0 q diff]5t4 ,! appreciation ( op]atic music dem&s ! voice ( ! tra9$ arti/ & ?is c\ld n be br\ght to ! home until ! s\nd reproduc+ ma*9e _h be5 p]fect$4 ,! great increase 9 ! int]e/ 9 op]a 9 rec5t ye>s is d\btless due to ! fact t ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( ^? in/rum5ts are 9 use 9 z _m homes & music /udios4 ,x is f> pa/ ! toy /age1 & is a g5u9e factor 9 ! art developm5t & musical education ( ,am]ica4 ,at fir/ ! s\nd reproduc+ ma*9e met ) trem5d\s opposition ow+ to ! fact t bad in/rum5ts & poor] records _h prejudic$ ! public1 b n[ !y h rea*$ a condition :]eby ! voice is reflect$ ) a/oni%+ v]acity4 ,! improvem5ts ,i h obs]v$ dur+ ! pa/ ye>s h seem$ altoge!r wond]ful to me4 ,! ?\ght t half a c5tury h5ce ! voices ( our great s+]s ( to-day may be he>d 9 ! homes ( all c\ntries ( ! globe gives a s5se ( satisfaction to ! s+]1 s9ce x gives a p]man5ce to 8 art :i* 0 inconceivable tw5ty-five ye>s ago4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h5ri ,,scott4 ,,h5ri ,,scott ,,biographical ,h5ri ,scott 0 born at ,coatesville1 ,pa41 ,april #h1 #ahgf4 ,he 0 int5d$ = a bus9ess c>e] b became int]e/$ 9 music1 at fir/ 9 an amateur way1 9 ,philadelphia4 ,enc\rag$ by local successes he w5t to /udy voice ) ,osc> ,sa5g]1 rema9+ ) him = upw>d ( elev5 ye>s4 ,he 0 =tunate 9 mak+ appe>ances ) ! ,philadelphia ,op]atic ,society1 a rem>kable amateur organization giv+ p]=mances ( gr& op]a on a l>ge scale4 ,) ?is organization he made 8 fir/ /age appe>ances z ,ramphis 9 ,aida1 9 #ahig4 ,he _h 8 passage book$ = ,europe1 :]e he 0 assur$ _m f9e appe>ances1 :5 he accid5tally met ,osc> ,hamm]/e91 :o engag$ him = five ye>s4 ,"u ?is manag] he made 8 pr(essional debut z ,ramphis at ! ,manhattan ,op]a ,h\se 9 ,new ,york1 9 #aiji4 ,hamm]/e91 a ye> !reaft]1 t]m9at$ 8 ,new ,york p]=mances by sell+ out to ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,company4 ,mr4 ,scott !n w5t to ,rome1 :]e he made 8 fir/ appe>ance 9 ,fau/1 ) great success4 ,he 0 imm$iately engag$ = ! ,*icago ,op]a ,company :]e1 dur+ ?ree ye>s1 he sang "s ?irty-five diff]5t roles4 ,9 #aiaa he 0 engag$ z a lead+ basso by ! ,metropolitan1 :]e he rema9$ = _m seasons4 ,he has sung on t\r ) ! ,?omas ,or*e/ra1 ) ,c>uso & at _m fam\s fe/ivals4 ,he has appe>$ ) success 9 ov] "o hundr$ cities 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada4 ,9 response to _m (f]s he w5t into vaudeville1 :]e he has sung to hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ,am]icans1 ) imm5se success4 ,mr4 ,scott is !re=e 9 a position to speak ( ?is new & int]e/+ phase ( br++ musical ma/]pieces to ! masses4 ,,! ,,s+]',s ,,l>g] ,,musical ,,public ,,h5ri ,,scott ,l e ,am]ican1 ,i res5t ! epi!t1 ! masses1 because ,i h always consid]$ myself a "p ( t my/]i\s unb\nd$ organization ( p to :i* all democratic ,am]icans feel t !y belong4 ,"o :o is n a memb] ( ! masses 9 ,am]ica is p]=ce a snob & a prig4 ,possibly "o ( ! reasons :y our republic has surviv$ s _m ye>s is t all true ,am]icans are ari/ocratic1 n 9 ! attitude ( ,i am z good z ev]yone1 b yet human en\gh to feel deep 9 _! he>ts1 ,any good citiz5 is z good z ,i4 ,,:y ,,gr& ,,op]a ,,is ,,exp5sive ,music 9 ,am]ica %\ld be ! prop]ty ( ev]ybody4 ,! talk+ ma*9es come ne> mak+ x t1 if "o may judge f ! s\nds t come f half ! homes at night4 ,b ! p want to he> ! be/ music f liv+ p]=m]s 9 ! fle%4 ,at ! same "t1 comp>atively1 v few c pay f two to tw5ty doll>s a seat to he> great op]a & great s+]s4 ,! reason :y gr& op]a co/s s mu* is t ! really f9e voices1 ) tra9$ op]atic exp]i5ce1 are v1 v few2 &1 s9ce only a few p]=mances are giv5 a ye>1 ! price mu/ be high4 ,x is simply ! law ( supply & dem&4 ,!re are1 9 ,am]ica1 two l>ge gr& op]a companies & half a doz5 travel+ ones1 "s ( !m v excell5t4 ,!re are probably tw5ty l>ge symphony or*e/ras & at lea/ "o hundr$ oratorio societies ( size4 ,to say t ^! bodies & o!rs purvey+ good music1 rea* m ?an five million auditors a ye> w\ld possibly be a g5]\s figure4 ,b five million is n "o-tw5tie? ( ! population ( ,am]ica4 ,:at ab\t ! n9ete5-tw5tie?s8 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are 9 ,am]ica betwe5 two & ?ree ?\s& good vaudeville & mov+ picture h\ses :]e ! be/ music 9 "s =m is he>d n once or twice a week = a %ort season1 b sev]al times ea* day4 ,"s ( ! mov+ picture h\ses h or*e/ras ( ?irty-five to eighty m51 select$ f musicians ( ! f9e/ ability1 _m ( :om h play$ 9 "s ( ! greate/ or*e/ras ( ! _w4 ,^! or*e/ras & ! talk+ ma*9es are do+ m to br+ good music to ! public ?an all ! l>g] organizations1 if we consid] ! subject f a /&po9t ( numb]s4 ,a ,,revolution ,,9 ,,ta/e ,! :ole "* ( ! ent]ta9m5ts 9 mov+ picture & vaudeville !at]s has be5 revolutioniz$4 ,! build+s are v]itable temples ( art4 ,! class ( ! ent]ta9m5t is con/antly improv+ 9 response to a dem& :i* ! bus9ess in/9cts ( ! manag]s _c fail to recognize4 ,! situation is simply ?is3 ,! ,am]ican p1 ) _! wond]ful ?ir/ = self-bett]m5t1 :i* has br\ght ab\t ! prodigi\s success ( ! educational pap]s1 ! s*ools & ! ,*autauquas1 l to h ! beautiful ?+s 9 art s]v$ to !m ) inspirit+ amusem5t4 ,we1 z a p1 h be5 becom+ m & m ref9$ 9 our ta/es4 ,we want bett] & bett] ?+s1 n m]ely 9 music1 b 9 ev]y?+4 ,9 my boyhood !re 7 ?\s&s ( families 9 fair circum/ances :o w\ld endure hav+ ! mo/ awful *romos ^u _! walls4 ,^! h = ! mo/ "p entirely disappe>$ except 9 ! homes ( ! newe/ ali5s4 ,x is true t mu* ( our music is pretty raw 9 ! popul> field2 b ev5 9 ?is x is gett+ bett] sl[ly & surely4 ,if 9 rec5t ye>s !re has be5 a revolution 9 ! popul> ta/e = vaudeville1 ,b4 ,f4 ,kei? 0 ! ,wa%+ton ( t revolution4 ,he und]/ood ! human dem& = clean ent]ta9m5t1 ) pl5ty ( heal?y fun & an arti/ic backgr\nd4 ,he knew ! public call = ! be/ music & in/ill$ 8 convictions 9 8 able foll[]s4 ,mr4 ,kei?'s attitude 0 responsible = ! signs :i* "o =m]ly saw 9 ! dress+ rooms ( good vaudeville !at]s1 :i* read3 ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,pr(anity ( any k9d1 objectionable or sugge/ive rem>ks1 are =bidd5 9 ?is !at]4 ,(f5d]s are liable to h ! curta9 rung d[n ^u !m dur+ su* an act4 ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,=tunately ^! signs h n[ disappe>$1 z ! actors h be5 s discipl9$ t !y "k t a co>se rem>k w\ld injure !m ) ! managem5t4 ,vaudeville is on a f> high] basis ?an mu* s-call$ comic op]a4 ,"s acts are paid exce$+ly l>ge sums4 ,s>ah ,b]nh>dt receiv$ #gjjj4jj a week2 ,calve1 ,bispham1 ,kocian1 ,c>ol9a ,:ite & ,m>gu]ite ,sylvia1 accord+ly4 ,doro?y ,jordan1 ,bessie ,abbott1 ,rosa ,ponselle1 ,orville ,h>old & ! rec5t ,indian s5sation at ! ,metropolitan1 ,*ief ,caupolican1 actually _h _! beg9n+s 9 vaudeville4 ,9 o!r words1 vaudeville 0 ! /epp+-/one to gr& op]a4 ,,s++ ,,= ,,millions ,success 9 ?is new field dep5ds ^u p]sonality z well z art4 ,x also develops p]sonality4 ,x is no place = a /ick4 ,! s+] mu/ at all times be 9 human t\* ) ! audi5ce4 ,! l(ty individuals :o are ?9k+ f> m ab\t !mselves ?an ab\t ! songs !y are s++ h no place "h4 ,! task is inf9itely m difficult ?an gr& op]a4 ,x is f> m difficult ?an recital or oratorio s++4 ,!re c be no %am1 no pose4 ,! songs mu/ please or ! audi5ce w let "o "k x 9 a second4 ,! we> & te> ^u ! voice is mu* less ?an 9 op]a4 ,dur+ ! week ,i s+ 9 all ?ree & "o-half h\rs 7n c\nt+ rehe>sals74 ,:5 ,i am s++ ,mephi/opheles 9 ,fau/ ,i am 9 a !at] at lea/ six h\rs--! make-up alone requires at lea/ "o & "o-half h\rs4 ,!n "t is dem&$ = rehe>sals ) ! company & ) v>i\s coa*es4 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,putt+ ,,x ,,ov] ,?us ! vaudeville s+] :o is g5u9ely int]e/$ 9 ! progress ( 8 art has ample "t to /udy new songs & new roles4 ,9 ! j>gon ( vaudeville1 ev]y?+ is bas$ ^u :e!r ! s+] is able to put ! numb] ov]4 ,?is is a f> m s]i\s matt] ?an "o ?9ks4 ,! audi5ce is made up ( ! great public--! common p1 ,god bless !m4 ,!re is n ! select ga!r+ ( musically cultur$ p t "o f9ds 9 ,c>negie ,hall or ! ,auditorium4 ,!re=e1 9 s++ music t is admitt$ly a musical ma/]piece1 "o mu/ select only ^? works :i* may be int]pret$ ) a broad human appeal4 ,"o is f> clos] to 8 fell[-man 9 vaudeville ?an 9 gr& op]a1 because ! emotions ( ! auditors are m responsive4 ,x is int5sely gratify+ to "k t ^! p want real art4 ,my greate/ success has be5 9 ,lieurance's ,indian songs & 9 exc]pts f gr& op]a4 ,^u "o occasion my numb] 0 foll[$ by t ( a v popul> com$i5ne ^: p]=mance 0 kn[n to be ( ! f>cical1 rip-ro>+ type :i* vaudeville audi5ces 7 suppos$ to l above all ?+s4 ,x 0 my pleasure to be recall$1 ev5 aft] ! curta9 _h asc5d$ ^u h] p]=mance1 & to be compell$ to give ano!r song z an encore4 ,! pref]5ce ( ! vaudeville audi5ce = really good music has be5 indicat$ to me "t & aga94 ,b x is n m]ely ! good music t draws3 ! music mu/ be int]pret$ prop]ly4 ,mu* excell5t music is ru9$ 9 vaudeville by ridicul\s r5ditions4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,get ,,an ,,engagem5t ,s+]s h ask$ me "t & aga9 h[ to get an engagem5t4 ,! fir/ ?+ is to be sure t y h some?+ to sell t is really wor? :ile4 ,?9k ( h[ _m p are will+ to pay to he> y s+6 ,! m t !y are will+ to pay1 ! m valuable y are to ! manag]s :o buy y\r s]vices4 ,!re=e reputation1 ( c\rse1 is an important po9t to ! manag]4 ,an unkn[n s+] c n hope to get ! same fee z ! celebrat$ s+] no matt] h[ f9e ! voice or ! art4 ,mr4 ,e4 ,falb] & ,mr4 ,m>t9 ,beck1 :o h be5 responsible = a great _m ( ! engagem5ts ( great arti/s 9 vaudeville & :o are great believ]s 9 f9e music 9 vaudeville1 h1 ?r\gh _! high position 9 bus9ess1 help$ hundr$s4 ,b !y c n help anyone :o has no?+ to sell4 ,! home (fice ( ! big vaudeville ex*ange is at ,=ty-sev5? & ,broadway1 ,n4,y41 & x is "o ( ! busie/ places 9 ! great city4 ,ev5 at t1 x has always be5 a my/]y to me j h[ ! ?\s&s ( numb]s are arrang$ s t !re w be z little loss z possible = ! p]=m]s2 = x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! vaudeville arti/s buy _! own /age clo!s & sc5]y1 att5d to _! transportation & pay all _! own exp5ses2 unless !y c af=d ! luxury ( a p]sonal manag] :o kn[s h[ to d ^! ?+s j a little bett]4 ,! s+] look+ = an engagem5t mu/ 9 "s way d some?+ to ga9 "s k9d ( recognition4 ,p]haps x may come f ! fact t ! manag] ( ! local !at] 9 h] t[n has he>d h] s+1 or "s well-kn[n s+] is int]e/$ 9 h] & is will+ to write a lett] ( introduction to someone influ5tial 9 headqu>t]s4 ,) ! enorm\s dem&s made ^u ! "t ( ! p[]s t be1 x is h>dly fair to expect !m to he> anyone & ev]yone4 ,) su* a lett] or su* an introduction1 arrange = an audition at ! headqu>t]s 9 ,new ,york4 ,rememb] all ! "t t if y h any?+ really wor? :ile to sell ! manag]s are j z anxi\s to he> y z y are to be he>d4 ,!re is no occasion = n]v\sness4 ,,excell5t ,,conditions ,sometimes ! manag]s are badly mi/ak54 ,x is common gossip t a v celebrat$ op]a s+] s\ght a vaudeville engagem5t & 0 turn$ d[n because ( ! lack ( ! musical exp]i5ce ( ! manag]1 & because %e 0 unkn[n4 ,if he want$ h] to-day 8 figure w\ld h to be sev]al ?\s& doll>s a week4 ,! av]age vaudeville !at] 9 ,am]ica is f> bett] = ! s+]1 9 _m ways1 ?an _m ( ! op]a h\ses4 ,9 fact ! vaudeville !at]s are new2 :ile ! op]a h\ses are old1 & (t5 sadly run d[n & out ( date4 ,possibly ! f9e/ vaudeville !at] 9 ,am]ica is 9 ,provid5ce1 ,r4 ,i41 & 0 built by ,e4 ,f4 ,albee4 ,x is palatial 9 e aspect1 built z /rong & sub/antial z a =t1 & yet z elegant z a mansion4 ,x is mu* easi] to s+ 9 ^! mod]n !at]s made ( /one & concrete ?an 9 _m ( ! old-fa%ion$ op]a h\ses4 ,inde$1 "s ( ! vaudeville audi5ces (t5 he> a s+] at f> bett] advantage ?an 9 ! op]a h\se4 ,! s+] :o realizes ! wond]ful arti/ic opportunities provid$ 9 rea*+ su* imm5se numb]s ( p1 :o w und]/& t he mu/ s+ up to ! l>g] humanity r ?an ?9k+ t he mu/ s+ d[n to a mob1 :o w "w to d bett] vocal & int]pretative ?9k+ at e successive p]=mance1 w lose no?+ by s++ 9 vaudeville & may ga9 an army ( fri5ds & admir]s he c\ld n o!rwise possibly acquire4 ,,emma ,,?ursby ,,biographical ,emma ,?ursby 0 born 9 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y41 & /udi$ s++ ) ,julius ,mey]s1 ,a*ille ,errani1 ,mme4 ,rud]sdorf1 ,lamp]ti 7eld]71 ,san ,giovanni & f9ally ) ,maurice ,/rakos*4 ,%e began h] c>e] z a *ur* s+] 9 ,new ,york & ?rongs w5t to diff]5t ,new ,york *ur*es to he> h] exquisitely mell[ & beautiful voice4 ,= _m ye>s %e 0 ! soprano ( ! fam\s ,plym\? ,*ur* :5 ,h5ry ,w>d ,bee*] 0 ! pa/or4 ,h] voice became s fam\s t %e w5t on a t\r ) ,maurice ,/rakos* = sev5 ye>s1 9 ,europe & ,am]ica1 ev]y:]e meet+ ) s5sational success4 ,lat] %e t\r$ ) ! ,gilmore ,b& & ) ! ,?omas ,or*e/ra4 ,%e became z popul> 9 ,london & 9 ,p>is z 9 ,new ,york4 ,h] fame became s great t %e f9ally made a t\r ( ! _w1 appe>+ ) great success ev5 9 ,*9a & ,japan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,emma ,,?ursby4 ,,s++ ,,9 ,,conc]t ,,& ,,:at ,,x ,,means ,,emma ,,?ursby ,al?\gh conditions h *ang$ v greatly s9ce ,i 0 la/ regul>ly engag$ 9 mak+ conc]t t\rs1 ! *ange has be5 r "o ( advantage to "y s+]s ?an "o to _! disadvantage4 ,! enorm\s advance 9 musical ta/e c only be express$ by ! ^w />tl+4 ,= :ile we h app>5tly a va/ am\nt ( wor?less music be+ cont9ually inoculat$ into our unsuspect+ public1 we h1 nev]!less1 a correspond+ cultivation ( ! love = good music :i* contributes mu* to ! support ( ! conc]t s+] ( ! pres5t day4 ,! old "t lyceum has almo/ disappe>$1 b ! high-class song recital has tak5 its place & recitals t w\ld h be5 b>ely possible ye>s ago are n[ frequ5tly giv5 ) greate/ f9ancial & arti/ic success4 ,s*umann1 ,franz1 ,/rauss1 ,grieg & ,mac,dowell h conqu]$ ! field =m]ly held by ! vapid & mean+less compositions ( bra9less compos]s :o wrote solely to amuse or to appeal to morbid s5tim5tality4 ,! conditions ( travel1 also1 h be5 greatly improv$4 ,x is n[ possible to g ab\t 9 railroad c>s & /op at hotels1 & at ! same "t exp]i5ce v little inconv5i5ce & discom=t4 ,?is makes ! c>e] ( ! conc]t arti/ a f> m desirable "o ?an 9 =m] ye>s4 ,un9vit+ hotels1 frigid c>s1 poorly prep>$ meals & ! lack ( privacy 7 sc>cely ! be/ ?+s to /imulate a high degree ( musical inspiration4 ,,heal? ,nev]!less1 ! girl :o w\ld be successful 9 conc]t mu/ ei!r possess or acquire good heal? z h] fir/ & all-ess5tial asset4 ,not)/&+ ! m>vel\s improvem5t 9 travel+ facilities & accommodations1 ! n]v\s /ra9 ( public p]=mance is n less5$1 & x n infrequ5tly happ5s t ^! v facilities enable ! av>ici\s manag] to cr[d 9 m conc]ts & recitals ?an 9 =m] ye>s1 ) ! consequ5t /ra9 ^u ! vitality ( ! s+]4 ,( c\rse1 ! s+] mu/ also possess ! f\ndation = a good natural voice1 a s5se ( he>+ capable ( be+ tra9$ to ! ke5e/ p]ception ( pit*1 quality1 rhy?m & metre1 an attractive p]sonality1 a bright m9d1 a good g5]al education & an arti/ic temp]am5t--a v extraord9>y li/1 ,i grant y1 b we mu/ rememb] t ! public pays out its money to he> extraord9>y p & ! w\ld-be s+] :o does n possess qualifications ( ?is description _h bett] s9c]ely solicit ! advice ( "s exp]i5c$1 unbias$ tea*] or s+] be=e putt+ =? ^u ! musical seas 9 a b>k :i* mu/ meet ) c]ta9 de/ruction 9 wea!r+ ! fir/ /orm4 ,! tea*] :o consci\sly advises a s+] to und]take a public c>e] & at ! same "t kn[s t su* a c>e] w\ld v likely be a failure is b5ea? ! recognition ( any hone/ man or woman4 ,,! ,,s+]',s ,,e>ly ,,tra9+ ,! education ( ! s+] %\ld n comm5ce too e>ly1 if we mean by education ! tra9+ ( ! voice4 ,if y discov] t a *ild has a v rem>kable voice1 e> & musical intellig5ce y _h bett] let ! voice alone & give y\r att5tion to ! g5]al musical education ( ! *ild along ! l9es ( t receiv$ by ,madame ,sembri*1 :o is a f9e viol9i/ & piani/4 ,s few are ! tea*]s :o "k any?+ :atev] ab\t ! *ild-voice1 or :o c treat x ) any degree ( safety1 t x is f> bett] to leave x alone ?an to tamp] ) x4 ,enc\rage ! *ild to s+ s(tly1 sweetly & naturally1 mu* z 9 free flu5t conv]sation1 tell+ him to =m ! habit ( speak+ 8 tones =w>d on ! lips r ?an 9 ! ?roat4 ,if y h among y\r acqua9tances "s musician or s+] ( indisputable ability & impeccable honor :o c give y dis9t]e/$ advice h ! *ild g to ?is fri5d n[ & !n to asc]ta9 :e!r any bad & unnatural habits are be+ =m$4 ,( c\rse we h ! fam\s cases ( ,patti & o!rs1 :o seem to h sung f infancy4 ,i h no recollection ( ! "t :5 ,i fir/ comm5c$ to s+4 ,i h always sung & glori$ 9 my s++4 ,see to x t y\r musical *ild has a good g5]al education4 ,?is does n necess>ily mean a college or univ]sity tra9+4 ,9 fact1 ! am\nt ( music /udy a s+] has to accompli% 9 ^! days makes ! high] academic tra9+ app>5tly impossible4 ,h[ev]1 ) ! great musical advance !re has come a dem& = high] & bett] ord]$ intellectual "w among s+]s4 ,?is condition is becom+ m & m imp]ative e day4 ,at ! same "t y mu/ rememb] also t no?+ %\ld be und]tak5 t might 9 any way be liable to und]m9e or impair ! *ild's heal?4 ,,:5 ,,to ,,beg9 ,,tra9+ ,! "t to beg9 tra9+ dep5ds ^u ! maturity ( ! voice & ! individual1 consid]$ toge!r ) ! physical condition ( ! pupil4 ,"s girls are ready to />t voice "w at sixte51 :ile o!rs are n really 9 condition until a some:at old] age4 ,"h aga9 comes ! necessity = ! tea*] ( judgm5t & exp]i5ce4 ,a tea*] :o might 9 any way be influ5c$ by ! necessity = secur+ a pupil or a fee %\ld be avoid$ z "o avoids ! %y/] lawy]4 ,/>t+ vocal in/ruction too e>ly has be5 ! precipice ov] :i* _m a promis+ c>e] has be5 da%$ to e>ly oblivion4 ,9 *oos+ a tea*] ,i h>dly "k :at to say1 9 ^! days ( myriad me?ods & endless claims4 ,! greate/ tea*]s ,i h kn[n h be5 m5 & wom5 ( great simplicity & directness4 ,! p]petrator ( ! complicat$ sy/em is normally ! creator ( vocal failures4 ,! secret ( s++ is at once a m>vel\s my/]y & aga9 an op5 secret to ^? :o h realiz$ its simplicity4 ,x _c be altoge!r writt51 nor c x be imp>t$ by words alone4 ,imitation und\bt$ly plays an important "p1 b x is n ev]y?+4 ,! tea*] mu/ be "o :o has actually realiz$ ! great tru?s :i* und]lie ! be/1 simple/ & mo/ natural me?ods ( secur+ results & :o mu/ possess ! wond]ful p[] ( exactly communicat+ ^! pr9ciples to ! pupil4 ,a good tea*] is f> r>] ?an a good s+]4 ,s+]s are (t5 poor tea*]s1 z !y de/roy ! individuality ( ! pupil by dem&+ arbitr>y imitation4 ,a tea*] c only be judg$ by results1 & ! pupil %\ld nev] p]mit h]self to be delud$ by adv]tisem5ts & claims a tea*] is unable to sub/antiate ) successful pupils4 ,,habits ,,( ,,spee*1 ,,poise ,,& ,,?9k+ ,"o ( ! deep f\ndation pi]s ( all educational ef=t is ! inculcation ( habits4 ,! mo/ successful voice tea*] is ! "o :o is mo/ happy 9 develop+ habits ( correct s++4 ,^! habits mu/ be wat*$ ) ! p]si/5ce1 p]sev]ance & affectionate c>e ( ! sci5ti/4 ,! tea*] mu/ realize t ! s+le lapse or violation ( a habit may mean ! ru9 ( weeks or mon?s ( h>d "w4 ,"o ( ! mo/ necess>y habits a tea*] %\ld =m is t ( speak+ ) ease1 naturalness & vocal *>m4 ,_m ( our ,am]ican girls speak ) indescribable h>%ness1 slov5l9ess & %rillness4 ,?is is a sev]e tax ^u ! s5sibilities ( a musical p]son & ,i "k ( c\ntless p :o suff] acute annoyance f ?is s\rce4 ,v[els are emitt$ ) a nasal twang or a ?roaty gr[l t seem at times mo/ unp>donable noises :5 com+ f a pretty face4 ,consonants are juggl$ & mangl$ until ! words are v difficult to compreh5d4 ,our girls are improv+ 9 ?is respect1 b !re is /ill cause = griev\s compla9t among voice tea*]s1 :o f9d 9 ?is "o ( _! mo/ =midable ob/acles4 ,ano!r common natural fault1 :i* is p>ticul>ly (f5sive to me1 is t ( an objectionable bodily poise4 ,i h f\nd ?r\gh\t my entire c>e] t bodily poise 9 conc]t "w is ( p>am\nt importance1 b ,i seem to h great difficulty 9 suffici5tly impress+ ?is great tru? ^u "y ladies :o w\ld be s+]s4 ,! not$ ,p>isian tea*]1 ,sbriglia1 is said to require "o entire ye> to build up & =tify ! *e/4 ,i h always felt t ! be/ poise is t 9 :i* ! %\ld]s are held well back1 al?\gh n 9 a /iff or /ra9$ position1 ! upp] "p ( ! body lean+ =w>d g5tly & naturally & ! :ole frame balanc$ by a s5se ( relaxation & ease4 ,9 ?is position ! natural equilibrium is n tax$1 & a peculi> s5sation ( non-con/ra9t seems to be noticeable1 p>ticul>ly ov] ! entire area ( ! front ( ! torso4 ,?is position sugge/s ease & an abs5ce ( t milit>y rigidity :i* is s fatal to all good vocal ef=t4 ,x also p]mits ( a fre] movem5t ( ! abdom9al walls1 z well z ! int]co/al muscles1 & is ?us conducive to ! mo/ natural brea?+4 ,too mu* anatomical explanation is liable to confuse ! "y s+]1 & if ! matt] ( brea?+ c be assi/$ by poise1 j s mu* is ga9$4 ,ano!r important habit t ! tea*] %\ld see to at ! />t is t ( correct ?9k+4 ,mo/ vocal beg9n]s are poor ?9k]s & fail to realize ! va/ importance ( ! m9d 9 all voice "w4 ,unless ! tea*] has ! p[] ( inspir+ ! pupil to a realization ( ! great fact t no?+ is accompli%$ 9 ! ?roat t has n be5 previ\sly p]=m$ 9 ! m9d1 ! pa? w be a difficult "o4 ,dur+ ! process ( s++ ! ?roat & ! auxili>y vocal process ( brea?+ are really a "p ( ! bra91 or1 m specifically1 ! m9d or s\l4 ,! body is nev] m ?an an in/rum5t4 ,)\t ! p]=m] x is z voiceless z ! piano ( ,ri*>d ,wagn] /&+ 9 all its solit>y sil5ce at ,wahnfri$--a mute monum5t ( ! m>vel\s ?\ghts :i* once rang f its vibrat+ wires to all p>ts ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,we really s+ ) t :i* leaves ! body aft] dea?4 ,x is 9 ! cultivation ( ?is my/]y ( my/]ies1 ! s\l1 t mo/ s+]s fail4 ,! m5tal ideal is1 aft] all1 t :i* makes ! s+]4 ,patti possess$ ?is ideal z a *ild1 & ) x ! wond]ful bodily qualifications :i* made h] immortal4 ,b x requires "w to ov]come vocal defici5cies1 & ,patti z a *ild 0 kn[n to h be5 a ceaseless work] & ?9k]1 always try+ to br+ h] little body up to ! high ae/hetic appreciation ( ! be/ arti/ic int]pretation ( a giv5 passage4 ,,maurice ,,/rakos*',s ,,t5 ,,vocal ,,comm&m5ts ,x 0 f ,maurice ,/rakos* t ,i le>n$ ( ! me?ods pursu$ by ,patti 9 h] daily "w1 & al?\gh ,/rakos* 0 n a tea*] 9 ! comm]cial s5se ( ! ^w1 z he _h comp>atively few pupils1 he 0 nev]!less a v f9e musician1 & !re is no d\bt t ,patti ow$ a great deal to 8 c>eful & insi/5t regime & in/ruction4 ,al?\gh our relation 0 t ( impres>io & arti/1 ,i _c be grateful en\gh to him = ! advice & in/ruction ,i receiv$ f him4 ,! te*nical ex]cises he employ$ 7 exce$+ly simple & he gave m att5tion to h[ !y 7 sung ?an to ! ex]cises !mselves4 ,i "k ( no m effective set ( ex]cises ?an ,/rakos*'s t5 daily ex]cises4 ,!y 7 sung to ! diff]5t v[els1 pr9cipally to ! v[el ah1 z 9 fa!r4 ,not)/&+ _! great simplicity ,/rakos* gave ! greate/ possible att5tion & "t to !m4 ,patti us$ ^! ex]cises1 :i* he call$ 8 ,t5 ,comm&m5ts = ! ,s+]1 daily1 & !re c be little d\bt t ! extraord9>y pres]vation ( h] voice is ! result ( ^! simple means4 ,i h us$ !m = ye>s ) exceptional results 9 all cases4 ,h[ev]1 if ! s+] has any idea t ! m]e practice ( ^! ex]cises to ! diff]5t v[el s\nds w inevitably br+ success %e is greatly mi/ak54 ,^! ex]cises are only valuable :5 us$ ) v[els correctly & naturally plac$1 & t means1 9 "s cases1 ye>s ( ! mo/ c>eful & pa9/ak+ "w4 ,foll[+ are ! fam\s ,t5 ,vocal ,comm&m5ts1 z us$ by ,adel9a ,patti & sev]al great s+]s 9 _! daily "w4 ,note _! simplicity & gradual increase 9 difficulty4 ,!y are to be transpos$ at ! tea*]'s discretion to suit ! range ( ! voice & are to be us$ ) ! diff]5t v[els4 ,illu/ration3 ,i1 musical notation ,illu/ration3 ,,ii1 musical notation ,illu/ration3 ,,iii1 musical notation ,illu/ration3 ,,iv1 musical notation ,illu/ration3 ,v1 musical notation ,illu/ration3 ,,vi1 musical notation ,illu/ration3 ,,vii1 musical notation ,illu/ration3 ,,viii1 musical notation ,illu/ration3 ,,ix1 musical notation ,illu/ration3 ,x1 musical notation ,! conc]t s+] ( ! pres5t day mu/ h l+ui/ic atta9m5ts f> great] ?an ^? 9 dem& "s ye>s ago4 ,%e is requir$ to s+ 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,italian & "s s+]s are n[ attempt+ ! int]pretation ( songs 9 ,slavic & o!r tongues4 ,n only d we h to consid] arias & passages f ! great oratorios & op]as z a "p ( ! pres5t-day rep]toire1 b ! song ( ! ,li$ type has come to h a valuable significance 9 all conc]t "w4 ,_m songs int5d$ = ! *amb] & ! salon are n[ includ$ 9 programs ( conc]ts & recitals giv5 9 our l>ge/ auditoriums4 ,only a v few numb]s are 9 !mselves songs writt5 = ! conc]t hall4 ,mo/ ( ! numb]s n[ sung at song conc]ts are really transplant$ f ei!r ! /age or ! *amb]4 ,?is makes ! position ( ! conc]t s+] an extremely difficult "o4 ,)\t ! dramatic accessories ( ! op]a h\se or ! intimacy ( ! home circle1 %e is expect$ to a*ieve results v>y+ f ! cry ( ! ,valkyries1 9 ,die ,walku]e1 to ! frail fragrance ( ,franz' ,es hat die ,rose si* beklagt4 ,i d n wond] t ,mme4 ,s*umann-,he9k & o!rs h decl>$ t !re is no?+ m difficult or exhau/+ ?an conc]t s++4 ,! enorm\s fees paid to great conc]t s+]s are n surpris+ :5 we consid] h[ v few mu/ be ! p :o c ev] hope to atta9 great heights 9 ?is "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,re9ald ,,w]r5ra?4 7,c7 ,mi%k94 ,,re9ald ,,w]r5ra? ,,biographical ,re9ald ,w]r5ra? 0 born 9 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y41 ,augu/ #g1 #ahhc4 ,8 fa!r1 ,george ,w]r5ra?1 0 a di/+ui%$ s+]1 & 8 "m 7nee ,aretta ,camp7 is ! daught] ( ,h5ry ,camp1 :o 0 = _m ye>s musical director ( ,plym\? ,*ur* dur+ ! m9i/ry !re ( ,h5ry ,w>d ,bee*]4 ,george ,w]r5ra? 0 a ,dane1 ) an unusually ri* t5or voice1 tra9$ by ! be/ tea*]s ( 8 "t 9 ,g]many1 ,italy1 ,france & ,engl&4 ,dur+ 8 engagem5t z lead+ t5or 9 ! ,royal ,op]a ,h\se 9 ,wiesbad51 he left ,g]many by ! advice ( ,adel9a ,patti1 ev5tually go+ to ,engl& ) ,maurice ,/rakos*1 :o 0 !n 8 coa*4 ,9 ,london ,w]r5ra? _h a f9e c>e]1 & !re 0 =m$ a w>m & ultimate fri5d%ip ) ,*>les ,g\nod1 ) :om he /udi$ & t\r$ 9 conc]ts ?r\gh ,engl& & ,belgium4 ,george ,w]r5ra? came to ,new ,york 9 #ahgf1 by ! influ5ce ( ,mme4 ,anto9ette ,/]l+ & ( ! well-kn[n ,dane1 ,g5]al ,c4 ,t4 ,*ri/5s54 ,he imm$iately became well kn[n by 8 appe>ance ) ! ,!odore ,?omas ,or*e/ra1 z well z by 8 engagem5t at ,plym\? ,*ur*1 :]e he 0 soloi/ = sev5 ye>s4 ,he 0 probably ! fir/ arti/ to give song-recitals 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :ile 8 p]=mances 9 op]a are /ill *]i%$ 9 ! memories ( ^? p :o c look back on "s ( ! f9e repres5tations giv5 "u ! baton ( ,adolph ,neu5dorf1 at ! old ,academy ( ,music1 :i* made ! way = ! lat] "w at ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se4 ,8 int]pretation ( ,loh5gr9 0 adjudg$ mo/ wond]fully poetical4 ,re9ald ,w]r5ra? /udi$ fir/ ) 8 fa!r4 ,at ! ,boys' ,high ,s*ool & at ,new ,york ,univ]sity he 0 lead] ( musical affairs ?r\gh\t ! eight ye>s sp5t 9 ^? s*ools4 ,he /udi$ viol9 ) ,c>l ,v5? = f\r ye>s1 & _h z 8 vocal tea*]s ,dr4 ,c>l ,dufft1 ,frank ,k+ ,cl>k1 ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,mees1 ,p]cy ,rector ,/eph5s & ,victor ,maurel1 giv+ especial cr$it = 8 voice tra9+ to ye>s ( /udy ) ,mr4 ,/eph5s ^: vocal tea*+ ideas he sket*es 9 "p 9 ! foll[+4 ,he has appe>$ ) imm5se success 9 conc]t & oratorio 9 all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,8 talk+ ma*9e records h be5 9 great dem& = ye>s1 & 8 voice is kn[n to ?\s&s :o h nev] se5 him4 ,8 op]atic debut 0 9 ,pagliacci1 z ,silvio1 9 ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se1 ,febru>y #ai1 #aiai1 :]e he lat] _h specially f9e success z ,val5t9e 9 ,fau/ & z ! ,toreador 9 ,c>m54 ,,new ,,aspects ,,( ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,s++ ,,9 ,,am]ica ,,re9ald ,,w]r5ra? ,e n[ & !n someone asks me :e!r ,am]ica is really becom+ musical4 ,all ,i c say is t a ye> ago ,i1 ) my accompani/1 travel$ ov] #fa1jjj miles1 t\*+ e "p ( ?is c\ntry &1 dur+ t eight mon?s1 s++ almo/ nightly :5 ! transit facilities w\ld p]mit1 f\nd ev]y:]e ! v greate/ en?usiasm = ! v be/ music4 ,( c\rse1 ,am]icans want "s numb]s on ! program ) ! s-call$ human elem5t2 b at ! same "t !y c\rt ! be/ 9 vocal art & seem nev] to get en\gh ( x4 ,all ( my in/ruction has be5 receiv$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,all ( my tea*]s1 ) ! exception ( my fa!r & ,victor ,maurel1 7 born 9 ,am]ica2 s ,i may be call$ v mu* ( an ,am]ican product4 ,j :y ,am]icans %\ld ev] h be5 obsess$ ) ! idea t x 0 impossible to tea* voice successfully on ?is side ( ! ,atlantic is h>d to tell4 ,i h a suspicion t _m l ! adv5ture ( =eign travel f> m ?an ! labor ( /udy4 ,probably n9ety-five p] c5t4 ( ! pupils :o w5t ov] did s = ! fasc9at+ exp]i5ce ( liv+ 9 a ,european environm5t r ?an = ! d[nright purpose ( com+ back great arti/s4 ,!re=e1 we %\ld n blame ! ,european tea*]s altoge!r = ! c\ntless failures t h float$ back to u almo/ on e tide4 ,i h rec5tly he>d a report t _m ( ! highe/-pric$ & mo/ effici5t voice tea*]s 9 ,italy are ,am]icans :o h ,italianiz$ _! names4 ,c]ta9ly ! mo/ successful voice tea*]s 9 ,b]l9 7 ,george ,f]guson & ,frank ,k+ ,cl>k1 :o 0 at ! top ( ! li/ also 9 ,p>is :5 he 0 !re4 ,! ,am]ican s+] %\ld rememb] 9 ^! days t1 fir/ ( all1 he mu/ s+ 9 ,am]ica & 9 ! ,engli% language m ?an 9 any o!r4 ,i am n "o ( ^? :o decry s++ 9 =eign languages4 ,c]ta9 songs1 x is true1 _c be translat$ s t _! mean+ c be completely und]/ood 9 ,engli%2 yet1 if ! read] w ?9k = a mom5t1 h[ is ! ,am]ican auditor to und]/& a s+le ?\ght ( a poem 9 a language ( :i* he kn[s no?+8 ,! ,italian is a glori\s language = ! s+]1 & ) x ,engli% _c be comp>$1 ) its ?irty-"o v[el s\nds & its _m c\gh+1 sputt]+ consonants4 ,tra9+ 9 ,italian solfeggios is v f9e = creat+ a free1 fl[+ /yle4 ,_m ( ! ,italian tea*]s 7 obsess$ ) ! idea ( ! big tone4 ,! audi5ces fir$ back volleys ( ,bravos6 & ,da ,capos :5 ! t5or took (f 8 plum$ hat1 /ood on 8 toes & h[l$ a high ,c4 ,t 0 "p ( 8 /ock 9 trade4 ,naturally1 he =c$ 8 voice1 & mo/ ( ! m5 s+]s quit at ! age ( fifty4 ,i hope to be 9 my prime at t "t1 z my voice seems to gr[ bett] ea* ye>4 ,batti/9i1 :o 0 born 9 #aheg1 is an exception4 ,8 voice1 ,i am told1 is rem>kably pres]v$4 ,,climatic ,,conditions ,a ,,s]i\s ,,h&icap ,climatic conditions 9 _m p>ts ( ,am]ica prove a s]i\s h&icap to ! s+]4 ,at ! same "t1 accord+ to ! law ( ! survival ( ! fitte/1 ,am]ican s+]s mu/ take c>e ( !mselves mu* bett] ?an ! ,italians1 = in/ance4 ,! salubri\s1 balmy climate ( mo/ ( ,italy is ideal = ! ?roat4 ,on our ,ea/]n seabo>d ,i f9d t fifty p] c5t4 ( my audi5ces 9 w9t] seem to h colds & bron*itis4 ,! s+] :o is oblig$ to t\r mu/1 ( c\rse1 take e possible precaution aga9/ cat*+ cold2 & t means becom+ infect$ f exposure to colds :5 ! sy/em is run d[n4 ,i attempt to avoid colds by secur+ pl5ty ( outdoor ex]cise4 ,i always walk to my hotel & to ! /ation :5 ,i h "t2 & ,i walk z mu* z ,i c dur+ ! day4 ,:5 ,i am n s++ ,i imm$iately />t to play--to fi%1 swim or hunt 9 ! woods if ,i c make an opportunity4 ,,op]atic ,,/udy ,9 "o respect ,europe is unque/ionably sup]ior to ,am]ica = ! vocal /ud5t4 ,! /ud5t :o wants to s+ 9 op]a w f9d 9 ,europe t5 opportunities = ga9+ exp]i5ce to "o "h4 ,:ile we h a few m op]a companies ?an tw5ty-five ye>s ago1 x is /ill a great task to secure ev5 an op5+4 ,am]icans1 outside ( ! great cities1 d n seem to be especially incl9$ t[>d op]a4 ,!y w accept a little ( x :5 x is giv5 to !m by a sup]b company l ! ,metropolitan4 ,9 ,new ,york we f9d a public m cosmopolitan ?an 9 any o!r city ( ! _w1 ) ! possible exception ( ,london4 ,9 imm$iate ance/ry x is m ,european ?an ,am]ican1 & naturally op]a becomes a great public dem&4 ,seats sell at fabul\s prices & ! h\ses are cr[d$4 ,next comes op]a at popul> prices2 & we h "o or two v good companies giv+ t ) success4 ,!n !re is ! op]a 9 ,am]ica's o!r cosmopolitan c5t]1 ,*icago1 :]e _m _w-fam$ arti/s appe>4 ,aft] t1 op]a 9 ,am]ica is h>dly wor? m5tion+4 ,:at *ance has ! /ud5t8 ,only "o :o = ye>s has be5 uni=m$ 9 a black dress suit & back$ into ! curve ( ! gr& piano 9 a recital hall c "k :at x means to get out on ! op]atic /age1 9 ^? fanta/ic clo!s1 walk ar\nd1 act1 s+ & at ! same "t wat* ! conductor ) 8 n9ety m54 ,only he c "k :at ! diff]5ce betwe5 s++ 9 conc]t & on ! op]atic /age really is4 ,yet old op]a s+]s :o ent] ! recital field inv>iably say t x is f> h>d] to get up alone 9 a l>ge hall & become ! :ole p]=mance1 aid$ & abett$ only by an able accompani/1 ?an x is to s+ 9 op]a4 ,! recital has ! effect ( pres]v+ ! f95ess ( _m op]atic voices4 ,mod]n op]a has ru9$ doz5s ( f9e vocal organs because ( ! trem5d\s /ra9 made ^u !m & ! t5d5cy to neglect vocal art = dramatic impression4 ,if !re 7 m ( ! bett] s++ 9 op]a1 su* z "o he>s f ,mr4 ,c>uso1 !re w\ld be less comm5t ^u op]a z a ba/>d art4 ,op]atic "w is v exhil>at+4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 conc]t & op]a = ! s+] is t betwe5 oatmeal porridge & an old v9tage *ampagne4 ,!re is no "t at ! ,metropolitan = raw s+]s4 ,! works 9 ! rep]toire mu/ be kn[n s well 9 ! s++ & ! act+ t !y may be put on p]fectly ) ! lea/ possible rehe>sals4 ,!re=e1 ! s+] has no "t = r\t9e4 ,! lack ( a =eign "n w keep no ,am]ican s+] out ( ! ,metropolitan2 b ! lack ( ! ability to save ! company hundr$s ( doll>s ?r\gh ne$less waits at rehe>sals w4 ,,natural ,,me?ods ,,( ,,s++ ,c]ta9ly no c\ntry 9 rec5t ye>s has produc$ s _m cork+ good s+]s z ,am]ica4 ,our voices are fre%1 virile1 pure & ri*2 :5 ! tea*+ is "r4 ,our s+]s are = ! mo/ "p f9ely educat$ & "k h[ to int]pret ! texts intellig5tly4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,h5d]son1 ! em95t ,new ,york critic1 9 8 ,art ( ,s++1 gave ! foll[+ def9ition1 :i* my =m] tea*]1 ! late ,dr4 ,c>l ,dufft1 endors$ v highly3 ,s++ is ! expression ( a text by means ( tones made by ! human voice4 ,m & m ! tru? ( ?is comes to me4 ,s++ is n m]ely vocaliz+ b always a means ( communication 9 :i* ! arti/ mu/ convey ! message ( ! two great m9ds ( ! poet & ! compos] to 8 fell[ man4 ,9 ?is ! voice mu/ be z natural z possible1 z human z possible1 & n m]ely a sug>y tone4 ,! ,g]man1 ! ,fr5*man1 ! ,engli%man & ! ,am]ican /rive fir/ = an intellig5t int]pretation ( ! text4 ,! ,italian ?9ks ( tone fir/ & ! text aft]w>d1 except 9 ! mod]n ,italian s*ool ( reali/ic s++4 ,= ?is "o mu/ consid] ! voice normally & s5sibly4 ,i owe my treatm5t ( my voice l>gely to ,mr4 ,/eph5s1 ) :om ,i h /udi$ = ! la/ eight ye>s1 tak+ a lesson e day ,i am 9 ,new ,york4 ,?is is advisable1 ,i believe1 because no matt] h[ well "o may ?9k "o s+s1 ano!r tra9$ m9d ) o!r e>s may detect defects t might lead to s]i\s difficulties lat]4 ,8 me?ods are difficult to describe2 b a few ma9 pr9ciples may be v int]e/+ to vocali/s4 ,my daily "w 9 practice is comm5c$ by /ret*+ ex]cises1 9 :i* ,i aim to free ! muscles cov]+ ! upp] "p ( ! abdom5 & ! int]co/al muscles at ! side & back--all by /ret*+ upw>d & wri?+ ar\nd1 z x 71 s t !re _c possibly be any con/riction4 ,!n1 ) my elb[s b5t & my fi/s ov] my head1 ,i /ret* ! muscles ov] my %\ld]s & %\ld] blades4 ,f9ally1 ,i rotate my head upw>d & ar\nd1 s t ! muscles ( ! neck are fre$ & become v easy & flexible4 ,:ile ,i am f9i%+ ) ! la/ ex]cise ,i beg9 speak+ 9 a fairly mod]ate tone su* v[el comb9ations z ,,oh-,,ah1 ,,oh-,,ah1 ,,ee-,,ay1 ,,ee-,,ay1 ,,ee-,,ay-,,ee-,,ay-,,ee-,,ay1 etc4 ,:ile do+ ?is ,i walk ab\t ! room s t !re w n be any sugge/ion ( /ilt$ness or vocal or muscul> int]f]5ce4 ,at fir/ ?is is done )\t ! addition ( any attempt$ nasal resonance4 ,gradually nasal resonance is introduc$ ) diff]5t spok5 v[els1 :ile at ! same "t e ef=t is made to pres]ve ease & flexibility ( ! entire body4 ,!n1 :5 x seems z ?\gh ! "r vocal quality is com+1 pit* is introduc$ at ! mo/ conv5i5t range & ex]cises ) pit* are tak5 ?r\gh ! range ( ! voice4 ,! :ole idea is to make ! tones z natural & free & pure z possible ) ! lea/ ef=t4 ,i am oppos$ to ! old idea ( tone plac+1 9 :i* ! pupil to$ a m>k1 set ! ?roat at "s prescrib$ angle1 adju/$ ! tongue 9 "s approv$ design1 & !n1 gripp$ l ! un=tunate victim 9 ! old-fa%ion$ photograph]'s irons1 attempt$ to s+ a su/a9$ tone or a rapid scale4 ,:at 0 ! result--consci\sness & /ilt$ness &1 z a rule1 a tir$ ?roat & a ru9$ s+]4 ,^! ideas may seem revolution>y to _m4 ,!y are only a few ( ,mr4 ,/eph5s' v num]\s devices2 b = _m ye>s !y h be5 ( m b5efit ?an any?+ else 9 keep+ me vocally fit4 ,we 9 ! ,new ,_w %\ld be on ! outlook = advance along all l9es4 ,our ,am]ican compos]s h held f> too close to ,european ideals & done too little real ?9k+ = !mselves4 ,our vocal tea*]s &1 = t matt]1 tea*]s 9 all bran*es ( musical art 9 ,am]ica h be5 mo/ progressive 9 devis+ new ways & bett] me?ods4 ,!re w nev] be an ,am]ican me?od ( s++ because we are too wise n to realize t e pupil ne$s diff]5t & special treatm5t4 ,:at is f9e = "o might be injuri\s to ! next "o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,evan ,,williams4 ,,evan ,,williams ,,biographical ,evan ,williams1 z 8 "n sugge/s1 0 ( ,wel% ance/ry1 al?\gh born 9 ,trumbull ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 ,sept4 #g1 #ahfg4 ,z a boy 8 s++ attract$ ! att5tion ( 8 fri5ds & neighbors4 ,:5 a "y man he w5t to ,mme4 ,l\ise von ,fielits51 9 ,clevel&1 & /udi$ "u h] = f\r ye>s4 ,at ! end ( ?is "t x became necess>y = him to e>n money imm$iately1 z he _h m>ri$ at ! age ( tw5ty4 ,accord+ly he w5t ) ! ,primrose & ,we/ m9/rels = "o season4 ,ev]y:]e he appe>$ 8 voice attract$ en?usia/ic att5tion4 ,?is ar\s$ 8 ambition & 9 #ahid he w5t to ,new ,york :]e he 0 engag$ at ,all ,angels ,*ur* at a ye>ly sal>y ( #ajjj4jj4 ,six mon?s lat] ! ,m>ble ,collegiate ,*ur* took him ov] at #aejj4jj :i* 0 %ortly rais$ to #bjjj4jj4 ,9 #ahif he appe>$ at ! ,worce/] ,fe/ival ) great success & !n w5t to ,new ,york to /udy ) ,james ,sauvage = ?ree ye>s4 ,not)/&+ 8 long t]ms ( in/ruction ) tea*]s ( high reputation1 ,mr4 ,williams felt t he _h /ill mu* to le>n1 z he w\ld f9d himself s++ f9ely "o night & s badly on ! next t he w\ld resolve nev] to s+ aga94 ,accord+ly he /udi$ ) ,meehan = ?ree ye>s m4 ,!n he retir$ f ! conc]t /age = ?ree ye>s 9 ord] to improve himself4 ,decid+ to appe> 9 public aga9 he w5t to ,london :]e he sang = ?ree ye>s ) popul> success4 ,h[ev]1 he 0 /ill dissatisfi$ ) 8 voice4 ,mr4 ,williams' p]sonal n>rative tells h[ he got 8 voice back4 ,8 dea?1 ,may #bd1 #aiah1 prev5t$ him f c>ry+ out 8 project to become a tea*] & ?us introduce 8 discov]ies4 ,! foll[+1 !re=e1 becomes ( int]e/+ hi/orical significance4 ,,h[ ,i ,,rega9$ ,a ,,lo/ ,,voice ,,evan ,,williams ,!re is no?+ s disquiet+ to ! s+] z ! feel+ t 8 voice1 ^u :i* 8 arti/ic hopes1 to say no?+ ( 8 livelihood1 dep5d1 is n a reliable organ1 b a fickle ?+ :i* to-day may be 9 spl5did condition b to-morr[ may be gone4 ,"t & aga9 ,i h be5 driv5 to ! v]ge ( desp]ation by my own voice4 ,:ile ,i am grateful to all ( my excell5t tea*]s = ! _m valuable ?+s !y taught me1 ,i _h a /rong feel+ t !re 0 some?+ :i* ,i mu/ "k & :i* only ,i myself c\ld f9d out = myself4 ,aft] a v wide exp]i5ce "h & 9 ,engl& ,i f\nd myself ) s little confid5ce 9 my ability to produce uni=mly excell5t results :5 on ! conc]t /age1 t ,i retir$ to ,akron1 ,ohio1 resolv+ to sp5d ! re/ ( my life 9 tea*+4 ,!re ,i rema9$ = f\r ye>s1 ?9k+ out ! great problem t confront$ me4 ,x is only dur+ ! la/ ye> t ,i h become conv9c$ t ,i h solv$ x4 ,my musical "w has made me well-to-d & ,i want n[ to give my ideas to ! _w s t o!rs may pr(it if !y f9d !m valuable4 ,i h no?+ to sell--b ,i tru/ t ,i c put into words1 )\t inv5t+ a new & bewild]+ nom5clature1 some?+ t w prove ( practical assi/ance to "y s+]s z x has be5 to me4 ,,an ,,indisputable ,,record ,9 #aijh ,i left ,akron & resolv$ to try to re9/ate myself 9 ,new ,york z a s+]4 ,i also made talk+ ma*9e records1 only to f9d t seldom c\ld ,i make a record at ! fir/ attempt t 0 up to ! v high /&>d ma9ta9$ by ! company 9 ! case ( all records plac$ ^u ! m>ket = sale4 ,?is meant a great wa/e ( my "t & ! company's mat]ial & s]vices4 ,x naturally set me ?9k+4 ,if ,i c\ld d x "o "t--:y c\ldn't ,i d x all ! "t8 ,!re 0 no contradict+ ! talk+ ma*9e record4 ,! ma*9e records ! slighte/ blemi% z well z ! mo/ p]fect tone4 ,!re 0 no gett+ away f ! fact t sometimes my s++ 0 f> f :at ,i wi%$ x to be4 ,! /range ?+ ab\t x all 0 t my s++ did n seem to dep5d ^u ! physical condition or feel+ ( my ?roat4 ,"s days :5 my ?roat felt at its v be/ ! records w\ld come back 9 a way t ,i 0 a%am$ (4 ,x is a /range feel+ to he> "o's own voice f ! talk+ ma*9e4 ,x s\nds q diff]5tly f ! impression "o gets :ile s++4 ,i began to pond]1 :y 7 "s ( my records poor & o!rs good8 ,aft] deep ?\ght = a v long p]iod ( "t1 ,i comm5c$ to make c]ta9 po/ulates :i* ,i believe ,i h s9ce prov$ 7to my own satisfaction at lea/7 to be reasonable & true4 ,!y n only result$ 9 an improvem5t 9 my voice1 b !y enabl$ me to d at comm& :at ,i _h previ\sly be5 able to d only occasionally4 ,!y are3 ,i4 ,tone creates its own support4 ,,ii4 ,mu* ( ! "t sp5t 9 elaborate brea?+ ex]cises 7:ile excell5t = ! heal? & valuable to ! s+]1 9 a way7 d n produce ! results t are expect$4 ,,iii4 ,! s+]'s fir/ /udies %\ld be ) 8 bra9 & e>1 r ?an ?r\gh an attempt at muscul> control ( ! brea?+ muscles4 ,,iv4 ,vocal resonance c be develop$ ?r\gh a prop] und]/&+ ( tone color 7vocal timbre71 s t uni=mly excell5t production ( tones w result4 ,,tone ,,creates ,,its ,,own ,,support ,! fir/ two po/ulates c be discuss$ z "o4 ,tone creates its own support4 ,h[ does a bird le>n to s+8 ,h[ does ! animal le>n to cry8 ,h[ does ! lion le>n to ro>8 ,or ! donkey le>n to bray8 ,by practic+ brea?+ ex]cises8 ,mo/ c]ta9ly n4 ,i h kn[n _m1 _m s+]s ) spl5did voices :o h nev] he>d ( brea?+ ex]cises4 ,g out into ! ,wel% m9+ di/ricts & li/5 to ! voices4 ,!y le>n to brea! by le>n+ h[ to s+1 & by s++4 ,^! m5 h lungs t ! av]age vocal /ud5t w\ld give a =tune to possess4 ,by s++ correctly !y acquire all ! lung control t any vocal composition c\ld dem&4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 "o does n ne$ su* a huge am\nt ( brea? to s+4 ,! av]age s+] uses entirely too mu*4 ,a goose has lungs t5 times z l>ge z a night+ale b t doesn't make ! goose's song lovely to li/5 to4 ,i h kn[n m5 ) lungs big en\gh to "w a bla/ furnace :o yet _h little bits ( voices1 s small t !y 7 ridicul\s4 ,x w\ld be bett] = mo/ vocal /ud5ts to emit ! brea? = five seconds be=e attack+ ! tone4 ,"o ( ! reasons = mu* vocal =c+ is too mu* brea?4 ,maybe ,i hav5't ?\ght ab\t ^! ?+s6 ,i h sp5t h\rs 9 sil5ce mak+ up my m9d4 ,x is my firm conviction t ! av]age p]son 7entirely )\t in/ruction 9 brea?+ ( a special k9d7 has en\gh brea? to s+ any phrase "o might be call$ ^u to s+4 ,i ?9k1 )\t "q1 t tea*]s & s+]s h all be5 work+ _! heads (f to develop /r5g? 9 ! wrong direction4 ,m9d y--?is is n a s]mon aga9/ brea?+4 ,i believe 9 pl5ty ( brea?+ ex]cises = ! sake ( "o's heal?4 ,a ,,good ,,position ,s+]s /udy brea?+ z ?\gh !y 7 try+ to le>n h[ to pu% out ! voice or pull x out by suction4 ,by /&+ 9 a s5sible position ) ! *e/ high 7b n =c$ up7 ! lung capacity ( ! av]age individual is q surpris+4 ,a good position c be secur$ ?r\gh ! old ,dels>te ex]cise :i* is z foll[s3 ,i4 ,/& on ! balls ( y\r feet1 heels j t\*+ ! floor4 ,,ii4 ,hold y\r arms at y\r side 9 a relax$ condition4 ,,iii4 ,move y\r arms =w>d until !y =m an angle ( =ty-five degrees ) ! body4 ,press ! palms d[n until ! *e/ is up com=tably4 ,,iv4 ,n[ let y\r arms drop back )\t lett+ y\r *e/ fall4 ,feel a s5se ( ease & fre$om ov] ! :ole body4 ,brea! naturally & deeply4 ,9 o!r words1 to poise ! brea?1 /& erect1 at att5tion4 ,mo/ p :5 call$ to ?is att5tion po/ure /iff5 !mselves s t !y are 9 a position ( resi/ance4 ,:5 ,i say att5tion1--,i mean ! position 9 :i* y h al]tness b at ! same "t complete fre$om1--:5 y c freely smile1 sigh1 sc[l & sne]1--! att5tion t w p]mit expansion ( ! *e/ ) e *ange ( mood4 ,!n1 op5 ! m\? )\t inhal+4 ,let ! brea? out = five seconds1 close ! m\? & inhale ?r\gh ! no/rils4 ,i keep ! fact t ,i brea! into ! lungs ?r\gh ! no/rils be=e me all ! "t4 ,aga9 op5 ! m\? )\t all[+ ! air to pass 94 ,practice ?is until a com=table /ret* is felt 9 ! fle% ( ! face1 ! top ( ! head1 ! back1 ! *e/ & ! abdom54 ,if y /ret* viol5tly y w n exp]i5ce ?is feel+4 ,,s5sations ,i fully realize t mu* ( :at ,i h said w n be 9 accord ) :at is prea*$1 practic$ & taught by _m vocal tea*]s & ,i _c attempt to reply to any critics4 ,i m]ely "k :at s5sations & exp]i5ces ,i h _h aft] a lifetime ( practical "w 9 a pr(ession :i* has br\ght me a =tune4 ,fur!rmore ,i "k t any?+ anyone might say on ! subject ( ! human voice w\ld be at v>iance ) ! op9ions ( o!rs4 ,!re is probably no subject 9 human k5 9 :i* !re is su* a m>k$ diff]5ce ( op9ion4 ,i c m]ely try to describe my own s5sations & vocal exp]i5ces4 ,9 try+ to repres5t ! c\rse ( ! s5sation ,i exp]i5ce 9 produc+ a good tone1 ,i h employ$ ! foll[+ illu/ration4 ,imag9e two pieces ( :ip cord4 ,tie ! ends toge!r4 ,place ! knot imm$iately "u ! upp] lip directly b5ea? ! c5t] bone ( ! nose1 run ! /r+s /raight back = an in*1 !n up ov] ! *eek bones1 !n d[n ar\nd ! uvula1 !nce d[n ! l>ge cords inside ! neck4 ,at a po9t 9 ! c5t] betwe5 ! %\ld]s ! cords w\ld split 9 ord] to let "o set g d[n ! back & ! o!r t[>d ! *e/1 meet+ aga9 "u ! arm-pits1 !nce d[n ! %ort ribs1 !nce d[n & jo9+ 9 ano!r knot slightly back ( ! pelvic bone4 ,laugh1 if y w1 b ?is is actually ! s5sation ,i h repeat$ly felt 9 produc+ :at ! talk+ ma*9e has %[n to be a good tone4 ,rememb] t !re 7 pl5ty to laugh at ,columbus1 ,gallileo & ev5 ,d>ius ,gre5 ( ! ,fly+ ,ma*9e4 ,/& 9 att5tion z direct$1 ) ! body responsive & ! m9d s5sitive to physical impressions4 ,:5 op5+ ! m\? )\t tak+ 9 air a slight /ret* w be exp]i5c$ along ! :ole track ,i h describ$4 ,! poise felt 9 ?is position is :at p]mitt$ ,bob ,fitzsimmons to /rike a deadly bl[ ) a two-in* /roke4 ,x is ! responsive poise ) :i* ,i s+ bo? l\d & s(t tones4 ,fur!rmore1 ,i d n believe 9 an absolutely relax$ l[] jaw z ?\gh x _h be5 brok54 ,:o c\ld s+ ) a brok5 jaw8--& a brok5 jaw w\ld repres5t ideal relaxation4 ,! jaw %\ld be slightly /ret*$ b nev] /ra9$4 ,i ?9k t ! ^w relaxation1 z us$ by mo/ tea*]s & z und]/ood by mo/ /ud5ts1 is responsible = m ru9$ voices ?an all o!r t]ms us$ 9 vocal tea*+4 ,i h talk$ ?is matt] ov] ) numb]less great s+]s :o are con/antly be=e ! public1 & _! v s++ is ! be/ contradiction ( ?is4 ,:5 y hold y\r h& out freely be=e y :at is x t keeps x f fall+ at y\r side8 ,t same condition controls ! jaw4 ,f9d x3 x is n relaxation4 ,if y w\ld be a p]fect s+] f9d ! juggl] :o is balanc+ a fea!r4 ,imag9e y\rself pois$ on ! top ( t fea!r1 & s+ )\t fall+ (f4 ,,contra/+ ,,timbres ,,t ,,lead ,,to ,a ,,beautiful ,,tone ,,:5 ,,comb9$ ,we %all n[ seek to illu/rate two contra/+ qualities ( tones1 betwe5 :i* lies t quality :i* ,i s\ght = s long4 ,! desir$ quality is n a compromise1 b seems to be locat$ half way betwe5 two extremes1 & may be/ be br\ght to ! att5tion ( ! read] by describ+ ! extremes4 ,! fir/ is a d>k quality ( tone4 ,to get ?is1 place ! tips ( ! second f+]s on ! sides ( ! voice box 7,adam's apple7 & make a d>k almo/ brea?y s\nd1 us+ u z 9 ! ^w hum4 ,d ?is )\t any signs ( /ra94 ,all[ ! s\nd to float up into ! m\? & nose4 ,to _m !re w also be a s5sation z ?\gh ! s\nd 7 also float+ d[n into ! lungs 7into bo? lungs74 ,d n make any consci\s ef=t to =ce ! s\nd or place x 9 any p>ticul> location4 ,! s\nd w d x ( its own accord if y d n /ra94 ,:ile ! s\nd is be+ made1 !re w be a slight upw>d pull+ ( ! voice box1 a slight tugg+ at ! voice box4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 occurs automatically1 & !re %\ld be no attempt to control x or promote x4 ,x is nature at "w4 ,! tongue1 :ile mak+ ?is s\nd1 %\ld be limp1 ) ! tip re/+ on ! l[] front tee?4 ,all along x is necess>y to caution ! s+] n to /rive to d artificial ?+s4 ,!re=e d n poke or /ick ! tip ( y\r tongue aga9/ ! front tee?4 ,if y\r tongue is n /ra9$ x w re/ !re naturally4 ,"w at ?is ex]cise until y c fill ! m\? & nose 7& also seem+ly ! *e/7 ) a ri*1 smoo?1 well-controll$1 well-modulat$ d>k s\nd & d x easily1--) slight ef=t4 ,d n try to hold ! s\nd 9 ! ?roat4 ,! second s\nd we %all exp]im5t ) is ! extreme anti!sis ( ! fir/ s\nd4 ,its resonance is high & x is bright 9 e s5se4 ,place ! f+]s on ! jo9ts j 9 front & above holes 9 ! e>s4 ,op5 ! m\? )\t inhal+ & make ! s\nd ( e z 9 :54 ,z ! d>k s\nd describ$ be=e _c be made too d>k ?is s\nd _c be made too /rid5t4 ,x is ! extreme f ! rumble ( ! drum to ! pi]c+ rasp ( ! file4 ,i h call$ x ! animal s\nd1 & 9 call+ x /rid5t1 please d n inf] t ! nose1 or any "p ( ! m\? or s(t palate1 %\ld be p9*$ to make x nasal1 9 ! re/rict$ s5se ( t t]m4 ,:5 ,i s+ ?is tone x is accompani$ ) a s5sation z ?\gh ! tone 7 be+ reflect$ d[nw>d f ! voice box ov] to ea* side ( ! *e/ j 9 front ( ! arm-pits & !n d[nw>d into ! abdom54 ,"h ! great dang] arises t ! unskill$ /ud5t w try to produce ?is s5sation1 :]eas ! fact ( ! matt] is t ! s5sation is ! accompanim5t ( ! prop]ly produc$ tone & _c be made artificially4 ,don't "w = ! s5sation1 "w = ! tone t produces su* a s5sation4 ,at ! same "t ! tone has a s5sation ( upw>d reflection1 z ?\gh x arose at ! back ( ! voice box & sep>at$ !re1 pass$ up beh9d ! jaws to ! po9ts :]e y\r f+]s are re/+1 ent]+ ! m\? f above1 z x 7 f a po9t j betwe5 ! h>d & s(t palates1 & becom+ "o s\nd 9 ! m\?4 ,! uvula & "p ( ! s(t palate %\ld be associat$ ) ! d>k s\nd4 ,! h>d palate & "p ( ! s(t palate %\ld be associat$ ) ! /rid5t tone4 ,,! ,,tongue ,,position ,9 mak+ ! /rid5t s\nd ! tongue %\ld re/ 9 ! same position z = ! d>k s\nd4 ,! d>k tone nev] *anges & is ! basic s\nd :i* gives fullness1 f\ndation1 dep? to ! ultimate tone4 ,)\t x all voices are ?9 & unsub/antial4 ,! ne>] ! s+] gets to ?is ! ne>] he approa*es ! great vibrat+ base ^u :i* ! _w is f\nd$4 ,rememb] t ! d>k tone nev] *anges4 ,x is ! backgr\nd1 ! canvas ^u :i* ! s+] pa9ts 8 inf9ite moods by means ( diff]5t v[els1 emotions1 & ! tone colors :i* are d]iv$ 9 numb]less modifications f ! /rid5t tone4 ,ano!r simile may br+ ! subject ne>] to ! read] /ud5t4 ,imag9e ! d>k tone & all ! s5sations 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! body z a k9d ( atmosph]e or gas :i* requires to be set on fire by ! electric sp>k ( ! /rid5t tone4 ,! d>k tone is all necess>y1 b x is useless unless x is prop]ly electrifi$ by ! /rid5t tone4 ,a ,,practical ,,/ep ,h[ %all we utilize :at we h le>n$1 s t ! /ud5t may conv9ce himself t h]e9 ties ! tru? :i*1 prop]ly und]/ood & s5sibly appli$1 w lead to a means ( improv+ 8 tone4 ,if ! =ego+ has be5 c>efully read & und]/ood1 ! foll[+ ex]cise to get ! tone :i* results f a comb9ation ( ! d>k & ! /rid5t is simple4 ,i4 ,/& erect z direct$4 ,,ii4 ,op5 ! m\? )\t inhal+4 ,,iii4 ,produce ! d>k tone 7u z 9 hum74 ,,iv4 ,close ! m\? & all[ ! air to pass 9 & out ( ! no/rils = a few seconds4 ,v4 ,op5 ! m\? )\t inhal+4 ,,vi4 ,make ! /rid5t s\nd 7e z 9 :574 ,,vii4 ,close ! m\? & let ! air pass 9 & out ( no/rils a few seconds4 ,,viii4 ,op5 ! m\? )\t inhal+4 ,,ix4 ,s+ ! v[el ,ah z 9 fa!r 9 su* a mann] t x is a comb9ation ( ! d>k tone & ! /rid5t tone4 ,x4 ,d ?is 9 su* a way t all ( ! brea?y disagreeable features ( ! d>k tone disappe> b its f\ndation features rema9 to give x fullness & r\ndness1 :ile all ( ! disagreeable features ( ! /rid5t tone disappe> al?\gh its color-giv+1 light-giv+1 life-giv+ *>act]i/ics are reta9$ to give ! comb9ation-tone ri*ness & sweetness4 ,a beautiful result is inevitable1 if ! pr9ciple is prop]ly und]/ood4 ,i h tri$ ?is ) _m p :o h sung b little be=e 9 _! lives & :o 7 n consci\s ( hav+ int]e/+ voices4 ,)\t a long c\rse ( vocal lessons or any?+ ( ! sort !y h be5 able to produce 9 a %ort "t--a v few m9utes--a tone t w\ld be admir$ by any critic4 ,a ,,com=table ,,pit* ,x is to be assum$ t ! /ud5t w1 9 ^! exp]im5ts1 take ! pit* 9 8 voice :i* is mo/ com=table4 ,hav+ ma/]$ ! comb9ation tone on ,ah at any pit*1 x w be easy to try o!r pit*es & o!r v[els4 ,ah is ! natural v[el1 b hav+ secur$ ! "k h[ ?r\gh a correct production ( ,ah ! same results may be atta9$ ) any o!r v[el produc$ 9 a simil> way4 ,e z 9 see has ( c\rse m ( ! /rid5t quality1 ! high1 bright quality & ,,oo z 9 moon m ( ! d>k1 b ev5 ^! extreme tones may be s plac$ t !y become enri*$ ?r\gh ! employm5t ( resonance ( all ^? p>ts ( ! m\?1 nose & body :i* may be br\ght naturally to re9=ce !m4 ,,p+ ,i h nev] met a s+] :o 0 n look+ = p+ or :at is call$ brightness4 ,mo/ voices are hopelessly dead1 & !re=e lack sweetness4 ,! voices are fill$ ) night--black holl[ gloomy night or else !y are z /rid5t z ! cat]waul+ ( a ,tom ,cat4 ,! happy mean betwe5 ! extremes is ! area 9 :i* ! s+]'s greate/ results are atta9$4 ,?9k ( y\r tone1 always4 ,! brea? w !n take c>e ( itself4 ,if ! tone has a tremulo1 or s\nds /uffy or s\nds weak1 y h n apportion$ ! "r am\nt ( brea? to x1 b y are n go+ to ga9 ?is in=mation by ?9k+ ( ! brea? b by ?9k+ ( ! tone4 ,,let ,,y\r ,,own ,,e>s ,,conv9ce ,,y ,n[1 t is all !re is to x4 ,i am n /riv+ to f\nd a me?od or any?+ ( ! sort2 b ,i h se5 /ud5ts wa/e ye>s on :at is call$ voice plac+ & n come to any?+ l ! same result t w come aft] ! accompli%m5t ( ?is simple matt]4 ,try x out ) y\r own voice4 ,y w see 9 a %ort "t :at x w d4 ,y\r own e>s w conv9ce y1 to say no?+ ( ! e>s ( y\r fri5ds4 ,all ,i "k is t aft] ,i discov]$ ?is1 x 0 possible = me to employ x & make records ) s small a p]c5tage ( disc>d t ,i h be5 surpris$4 ,x rema9s = ! intellig5t tea*]s to apply su* k to a sy/ematic vocal c\rse ( ex]cises1 /udies & songs1 :i* w help ! pupil to progress mo/ rapidly4 ,don't ?9k t ,i am pret5d+ to tell all t !re is to vocal culture 9 an h\r4 ,x is a great & important /udy ^u :i* ,i h sp5t a lifetime4 ,h[ev]1 z ,i said be=e1 ,i h no?+ to sell & ,i am only too happy to give ?is in=mation :i* has co/ me s _m h\rs ( ?\ght to cry/allize4 ,typographical errors correct$ by ! transcrib] ( ?is etext3 ,talmadge,talmage ,arti\s,artibus citadalcitadel ,wohltemp]ites,wohltemp]i]tes lieb5swurdiglieb5swu]dig ,delibes,delibes ,words n *ang$3 un=getable1 skilful1 ,beyreu?1 m>vel\s