,,work and ,,programs for ,,womens' ,,clubs ,illustration ,caroline ,french ,benton ,,woman',s ,,club ,,work ,,and ,,programs ,woman's ,club ,work and ,programs or ,first ,aid to ,club ,women ,,by ,,caroline ,,french ,,benton ,author of ,a ,little ,cook ,book1 ,easy ,entertaining1 ,living on a ,little1 ,easy ,meals1 etc4 ,illustration ,,boston ,,dana ,,estes ,,company ,,publishers ,copyright1 #aiac ,,by ,,dana ,,estes ,,company ,thanks are due the editors of the ,woman's ,home ,companion for permission to use the articles in book form which first appeared in that magazine4 ,,caroline ,,french ,,benton4 ,,contents ,,chapter ,,page ,i4 ,,introduction #aa ,,ii4 ,,the ,,modern ,,drama #bd ,,iii4 ,,our ,,own ,,country #dj ,,iv4 ,,the ,,home #ef ,v4 ,,myths ,,and ,,folk-,,lore #fi ,,vi4 ,a ,,trip ,,through ,,the ,,british ,,isles #hc ,,vii4 ,,the ,,opera #ajj ,,viii4 ,,the ,,world',s ,,great ,,painters #aad ,,ix4 ,,ten ,,american ,,women ,,writers #aca ,x4 ,,town ,,improvement #ade ,,xi4 ,,holland #afj ,,xii4 ,,the ,,homelike ,,house #age ,,xiii4 ,,nature #aic ,,xiv4 ,,the ,,great ,,english ,,novelists #bjg ,,xv4 ,,english ,,novelists ,,of ,,to-,,day #bba ,,xvi4 ,,the ,,gilded ,,age ,,of ,,louis ,,xiv4 #bcf ,,xvii4 ,,forestry #bej ,,xviii4 ,,shakespeare #beg ,,xix4 ,,the ,,employments ,,of ,,women #bgc ,,xx4 ,,important ,,movements ,,of ,,our ,,times #bha ,,xxi4 ,,the ,,study ,,of ,,childhood #big ,,xxii4 ,,miscellaneous ,,programs #cji ,,chapter ,i ,,introduction ,,how ,,to ,,begin ,,club ,,work ,the time has long since passed when a special plea is needed for the existence of women's clubs1 for actual demonstration has proved their worth to the individual and to society4 ,multitudes of women on farms1 on remote ranches1 in little villages1 in great cities1 have felt their impetus to a broader and more useful life4 ,they have instructed those of limited education2 they have given a wider horizon to those hemmed in by circumstance2 they have trained the timid to speak1 and1 of late years1 they have prepared the way for women of leisure and influence to take up what is called the larger housekeeping1 the bettering of social and civic conditions4 ,but many women to-day still feel a certain timidity about venturing to start a club1 and an inability to make out a consistent line of study4 ,they have a lingering idea that it is all difficult1 and that only the expert may try to handle these things4 ,so for these women here are the simple1 fundamental things about club work1 which any one can follow4 ,if you would like to organize a club1 begin by making out a list of ten or a dozen of your neighbors and friends1 those whose interests are much like your own1 and tell them that you think it would be pleasant to have some sort of a little circle for reading1 or study1 or social companionship4 ,probably they will all have something to say about this1 and various ideas will be advanced as to the sort of club which is most desirable4 ,then1 after it is talked over1 you1 as the one who suggested the meeting1 will call the women to order and ask some one to nominate and second a temporary chairman1 and1 after she is elected1 a temporary secretary4 ,when these two have taken their seats and the secretary is ready to begin taking notes1 the chairman will appoint several committees1 with perhaps two members on each4 ,the first will be the ,nominating committee1 to present to the club the names of candidates for the offices of president1 vice-president1 secretary and treasurer4 ,the second will be on a ,constitution1 which is to draw up very simple rules to guide the club1 telling of its aims1 the number of officers and how they are to be elected1 the dues1 the time and place of meeting1 and whatever else is thought necessary4 ,the third committee will be on ,name2 it will prepare a list of titles to be chosen from4 ,the fourth committee will be on ,program4 ,this will offer possible lines of work4 ,these committees will be sufficient to begin with4 ,the chairman can then tell when and where the next meeting will be held and declare this one adjourned4 ,at the second meeting the same chairman as before will take her place and call for the reading of the minutes of the last meeting4 ,when these are read and accepted1 she will ask for the report of the ,nominating committee1 and when it is presented1 the officers will be voted for1 either viva voce1 or by ballot1 as the club prefers4 ,the new president and secretary will then take their chairs1 and the business of hearing the reports of the other committees will go on4 ,when a name for the club has been chosen1 the constitution read and voted upon article by article1 and the program planned1 the president will name different chairmen to take charge of several following meetings2 then this first regular meeting may adjourn1 feeling that the club is successfully launched4 ,from this point the work should go on smoothly4 ,the president will find her part of it much easier1 however1 if she will get a little book1 called the ,woman's ,manual of ,parliamentary ,law1 to which she can refer when any point of order comes up with which she is not familiar4 ,once a club is started1 the great question is1 ,what shall we study8 ,and of course the field is limited only by the tastes1 the education of the members1 and the number of books to which the club can have access4 ,if there is a good public library1 they may choose almost any literary subject4 ,if there is none1 the next thing is to find out if a travelling library can be had from the state librarian1 and whether enough books can be borrowed to cover the whole subject thoroughly4 ,if members can have neither of these helps1 then the contents of individual libraries must be discussed1 and a subject must be selected which needs few books to work with4 ,it is to be noted that a good general reference book will be found most useful1 even if a practical subject is finally decided upon4 ,one of the great dangers a new club has to face is the ambitious tendency to begin with some abstruse1 difficult subject rather than with a simple one4 ,the ,literature of ,india1 or the ,philosophy of the ,greeks may be tempting1 but even with all the reference books in the world such subjects are a mistake for beginners4 ,something should be selected which is interesting to every one1 not too far away from their every day reading1 not too utterly unfamiliar4 ,a country club may like a season on ,bird ,study4 ,a village club may find ,town ,improvement full of suggestions4 ,a city club can study some ,american ,authors1 or the ,public ,schools4 ,if all these things still seem too difficult to begin with1 then at least an ,embroidery ,club may be founded as the very simplest foundation possible1 the members to come each week with their fancy work and listen to one member who reads aloud something entertaining4 ,this may do for a first season1 and the second1 a study subject may be taken up4 ,sometimes where there is no library at hand1 a ,magazine ,club makes a good preliminary step to larger things4 ,members tell a chairman what magazines they take1 and agree to have them at the home of the chairman one day each week or fortnight4 ,she will look them over and divide the contents into several parts1 travel1 biography1 essays1 stories1 poetry1 and so on4 ,then she will portion out among the members parts of the programs2 one meeting may be on travel only1 a second on essays1 a third on poetry1 three or four members reading selections from articles on these4 ,or1 the programs may be varied by combining two or more subjects4 ,this1 too1 makes a good training for a serious study in a second year1 especially if a discussion of the subjects becomes a regular part of each meeting4 ,clubs which have gone beyond these two early stages of development1 or which have never been compelled to pass through them1 may begin work with some literary topic4 ,a ,year of ,biography1 covering the lives of great men and women of ,america or ,england1 is a good first subject1 with plenty of material4 ,the writings of ,emerson1 ,hawthorne1 ,poe and others of the same period1 is another4 ,or1 the novels of one or two great writers1 ,george ,eliot1 ,thackeray and ,dickens1 are always delightful1 especially with readings from their novels4 ,often clubs will find it a good plan to alternate some study subject one month with a miscellaneous topic the next1 by way of variety4 ,current topics1 too1 are well worthy constant study1 and these can be used as a sort of prelude to any regular program4 ,musical clubs are usually limited to a few members1 except in cities1 but this is by no means necessary1 for numbers of women love to listen to good music who can neither play nor sing1 and perhaps they can contribute their share of work by writing or speaking of the lives of the composers4 ,clubs interested in practical themes may take up civic questions1 municipal reforms1 or children's courts1 or cleaning up their town1 or studying factories1 or labor laws4 ,there is an excellent magazine called ,the ,survey which deals with all these topics1 and suggests many more on the same lines4 ,chairmen sometimes find real difficulty in making out club programs1 puzzled how to divide a subject into its best points1 and subdivide each of these general topics into others1 for individual papers4 ,one of the best plans is always to look up any subject in the encyclopedia1 first of all4 ,it is surprising how much help one can get there1 for history1 art1 literature1 politics and everything else can be found4 ,then next1 the public library is to be consulted1 its card catalogue looked over1 and the books drawn out1 or at least glanced through for suggestions4 ,magazines sooner or later seem to have articles on everything1 and the library will offer also books of reference to these4 ,in case the subject is historical1 a good high school history may be consulted1 for in the table of contents the main divisions are all clearly given4 ,a chairman can write down the outlines of all she gleans from these varied sources and then select from them the general lines of study and fill these in4 ,sometimes when there is no library at hand1 a school teacher can help one out with suggestions1 or perhaps a minister may have books on the subject selected4 ,or1 by writing directly to the state librarian books may be borrowed of him4 ,clubs which have a small yearly fee sometimes buy a book or so a year and keep them as a nucleus of a library4 ,as to writing club papers1 there personality comes in1 and education and training1 and these give a certain individuality of method of treating a subject4 ,but even here members can follow out certain definite directions4 ,suppose1 to make the matter concrete1 that some one wishes to write a paper on ,ruskin1 and does not know exactly how to go to work2 here is a general plan3 ,first1 of course1 she should read something on his life1--a book1 an article in a magazine1 or anything she can get1 and the more she can read the better paper she will write4 ,next she should divide her subject into its parts2 in this case there might be three3 ,ruskin's life2 his work2 his influence4 ,the first topic would cover his home1 his early education1 the influence of his mother1 and his gradual growth into his place in the world4 ,the second would take up what he did2 his travels1 his interest in painting1 architecture1 economics and sociology2 his friends1 his controversy with ,whistler and its outcome1 his contact with ,oxford1 and the books he wrote4 ,the third would be a resume of what ,ruskin actually accomplished2 of the value of his work to society1 and his influence on social problems2 and the question would be raised1 ,are his views considered sound to-day8 ,such a paper1 illustrated by brief readings1 would be of a certain value1 for it would be clear1 concise1 and full of matter which would probably be fresh to many club members2 and any subject may be treated in the same general way2 one has only to choose one on which plenty of material can be found1 then read everything to be had on it1 make out an outline of three or four topics covering the whole and take these up one by one1 illustrating with anecdotes1 quotations and the estimates of others1 and the paper is sure to be interesting4 ,what should never be done is to write a paper without making an outline2 the result of that is vagueness and repetition4 ,the value of a discussion after a paper cannot be over-estimated4 ,one joins a club not so much to acquire information1 because that can be done by reading books at home1 but rather to learn to express oneself readily and intelligently4 ,this is why in planning a club it is best to emphasize the two points2 first1 that members must talk over the subjects at the close of each meeting1 speaking briefly and always to the point2 and second1 that papers should not be too long1 or too heavy1 but full of matter1 interesting1 and above all1 suggestive4 ,debates are always of value to club women1 for as we know too well1 they are not naturally logical2 debating soon shows one how easy it is to think in a hazy1 indefinite way1 and how difficult to say clearly and concisely what is to be said4 ,it will be necessary1 of course1 to learn the accepted methods of debating1 and know how to present the points of the argument progressively and with a climax1 as well as to anticipate the points likely to be made by the opponent4 ,each side must also be limited as to time4 ,as to the subject of a debate1 it is a safe rule to choose the concrete rather than the abstract1 a large subject rather than a limited one1 and one of general interest4 ,there should also be two well defined sides1 rather than something accepted by everybody4 ,such things as the views of some writer on socialism1 or the permanency of the work of a well-known novelist or poet1 or political1 but not partizan1 questions are always acceptable4 ,to make club work successful year after year it should be remembered that a club is not a university2 that it should not be scholastic1 but full of human interests4 ,tastes of members vary1 and so the subjects selected should be attractive1 fresh1 and stimulating4 ,in a large club there may be committees on different subjects1 art1 civics1 child study and the like1 each one a little club in itself1 meeting weekly1 and the whole club can gather once a month and the committees in turn present a program on their special subjects1 and so every member be satisfied4 ,as years go by it will be found that members grow to like subjects other than those they began with1 and more general work will be taken up4 ,last of all1 to have a successful club it is essential that there should be no members who are mere listeners4 ,each woman actually has something to contribute1 if only in a very quiet way1 and a good chairman of a program can find out what this is2 the little talent may take shape in a paper1 or a talk1 or a part in a discussion1 or some music1 or only a quotation or a reading4 ,but a club is worth just as much to a member as she puts into it1 and no more4 ,any woman who is not willing to do something in the way of real work should drop out and give some one else the place which she occupies but does not fill4 ,two methods are followed in the programs offered to clubs in this book4 ,first1 a year's work is divided up into ten meetings with four or five papers suggested for each meeting with readings and bibliography4 ,second1 the year's work is again divided into ten meetings1 but it is left to clubs to choose from the material furnished how many papers shall be written and what their titles shall be4 ,the material offered in either case is sufficient for twenty meetings or more2 indeed1 in some cases1 one theme might be expanded for the work of several years4 ,,chapter ,,ii ,,the ,,modern ,,drama ,i--,,beginning ,,of ,,modern ,,english ,,drama--,,the ,,age ,,of ,,elizabeth #a4 ,first ,paper 7,introductory73 ,beginning of ,english ,drama--,origin in the miracle-plays4 ,influence of the ,renaissance4 ,change in the form of the drama through foreign influences4 #b4 ,ben ,jonson--,story of his life2 character of his plays2 his devotion to the classics4 #c4 ,beaumont and ,fletcher1 ,massinger1 ,ford1 and ,webster4 #d4 ,shakespeare--,story of his life2 how his plays were made2 his imagination1 wit1 and tenderness2 his supremacy4 #e4 ,the ,theater in the ,time of ,elizabeth--,scenery1 seating arrangements1 costumes1 absence of women actors2 famous theaters4 ,,readings ,,from--,jonson's ,every ,man in ,his ,humour4 ,beaumont and ,fletcher's ,knight of the ,burning ,pestle4 ,shakespeare--,history3 ,henry ,v4 ,comedy3 ,as ,you ,like ,it4 ,tragedy3 ,macbeth4 ,fancy3 ,midsummer ,night's ,dream4 ,sentiment3 ,romeo and ,juliet4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,taine3 ,history of ,english ,literature3 ,book ,,ii41 ,chapter ,,ii4 ,hamilton ,mabie3 ,shakespeare4 ,the ,mermaid ,series of ,dramatists4 ,in addition to these papers have short readings from ,kenilworth1 and ,miss ,strickland's ,queens of ,england1 giving a clear idea of ,elizabeth4 ,read also from ,jonson's ,sad ,shepherd1 the ,masque of ,oberon and the ,masque of ,queens4 ,give a sketch of the modern reproduction of an old miracle-play1 called ,everyman1 with a selection4 ,close with ,shakespeare's estimate of ,jonson1 and ,jonson's estimate of ,shakespeare1 and show photographs of ,shakespeare1 his birthplace1 ,anne ,hathaway's cottage1 the ,avon1 the parish church4 ,,ii--,,the ,,rise ,,of ,,modern ,,comedy #a4 ,beaumarchais--,story of his life4 ,characteristics4 ,readings from ,the ,barber of ,seville and ,the ,marriage of ,figaro4 ,the modern operas founded on these4 #b4 ,moliere--,his humble origin1 rise and relation to the court4 ,his matrimonial unhappiness and estimate of women4 ,readings from ,les ,precieuses ,ridicules1 ,tartuffe and ,sganarelle4 ,quotations from modern estimates of ,moliere4 #c4 ,english ,comedy under the ,restoration--,effect on the drama of the return of the ,stuarts4 ,estimates of the following writers and quotations from the plays mentioned3 ,sir ,george ,etheredge3 ,she ,wou'd if ,she ,cou'd4 ,william ,congreve3 ,the ,double ,dealer4 ,william ,wycherley3 ,the ,plain ,dealer4 ,sir ,john ,vanbrugh3 ,the ,relapse1 which is said to have created the fop as a type4 ,george ,farquhar3 ,the ,beaux' ,stratagem4 #d4 ,comedy under the ,georges--,goldsmith and ,sheridan4 ,birth of both in ,ireland1 and its effect on their lives and work as dramatists4 ,modernness4 ,readings from ,the ,good-,natured ,man and ,she ,stoops to ,conquer4 ,readings from ,the ,rivals and ,the ,school for ,scandal4 ,readings from ,irving's ,life of ,goldsmith4 ,description of his grave by the ,temple ,church1 ,london4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,van ,laun's ,history of ,french ,literature4 ,translations by ,van ,laun and ,curtis ,hidden ,page4 ,lives of ,moliere by ,chatfield-,taylor and ,brander ,matthews4 ,the ,mermaid ,library 7for the ,restoration ,dramatists74 ,between the ,september and the ,october programs there might be an informal morning meeting1 at which the novel by ,chatfield-,taylor1 ,fame's ,pathway1 of which ,moliere is the hero1 might be read in whole or in part4 ,it gives a vivid description of the stage of that time4 ,in reading ,the ,school for ,scandal1 ,the ,rivals and ,she ,stoops to ,conquer1 arrange to have the parts taken by several of the club and have a rehearsal to insure a smooth rendering of these bright plays4 ,an additional paper for this program might be on ,jeremy ,collier's famous attack on the stage1 and its purifying effect4 ,,iii--,,the ,,drama ,,in ,,england2 ,,victorian ,,period #a4 ,early ,nineteenth-,century ,dramatic ,criticism--,charles ,lamb's selections from the early ,english dramatists4 ,his great love of the stage1 and his essays describing plays and actors of his time4 ,essays of ,hazlitt and of ,leigh ,hunt upon the stage4 #b4 ,sheridan ,knowles--,readings from ,virginius4 ,bulwer-,lytton--,readings from ,the ,lady of ,lyons and ,richelieu4 #c4 ,tom ,taylor--,readings from ,our ,american ,cousin and ,the ,ticket of ,leave ,man4 ,robertson--,readings from ,society and ,caste4 ,boucicault--,readings from ,london ,assurance2 ,louis ,,xi42 and ,the ,colleen ,bawn4 #d4 ,irving and ,terry--,as exponents of ,shakespeare4 ,their personalities4 ,irving as a manager4 ,his magnificent stage-settings4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,brander ,matthews3 ,development of the ,drama4 ,c4 ,m4 ,gayley3 ,representative ,english ,comedies4 ,h4 ,a4 ,clapp3 ,reminiscences of a ,dramatic ,critic4 ,the immense improvement in the art of staging plays in this period is an excellent topic for one paper4 ,the famous actors also may be studied3 ,john ,kemble1 ,edmund ,kean1 ,macready1 and ,helen ,martin 7,lady ,faucit71 for the earlier years2 the ,bancrofts1 the ,kendals1 and ,beerbohm ,tree1 for the later4 ,sothern's great success as ,lord ,dundreary1 ,macready's visit to the ,united ,states during the ,civil ,war1 and the popularity of ,irving and ,terry are worthy of consideration4 ,particular mention may be made of plays other than ,shakespearean1 in which ,irving and ,terry appeared3 ,the ,bells1 ,the ,lyons ,mail1 ,faust1 and ,tennyson's ,becket4 ,read from ,terry's recently published biography4 ,the history of ,drury ,lane and ,covent ,garden theaters deserves a special paper4 ,,iv--,,the ,,german ,,drama #a4 ,lessing--,the dulness of the ,german theater up to the middle of the eighteenth century4 ,paralysis of genius by the ,thirty ,years' ,war4 ,lessing's dramatic criticism4 ,readings from ,minna von ,barnhelm1 and ,nathan the ,wise4 ,translations in ,bohn's ,library4 #b4 ,goethe--,his life-story1 his writings1 his influence4 ,german admiration for ,shakespeare largely due to ,goethe4 ,description of life at ,weimar4 ,goethe's first play3 ,goetz von ,berlichingen4 ,readings from ,egmont1 ,iphigenia1 and ,tasso4 ,bohn's ,library4 #c4 ,schiller--,relation to ,goethe4 ,comparison of their styles4 ,readings from ,the ,robbers1 ,wallenstein1 ,wilhelm ,tell1 ,maria ,stuart1 ,die ,jungfrau von ,orleans4 ,bohn's ,library4 #d4 ,later ,german ,drama--,grillparzer4 ,paul ,heise4 ,hauptmann3 reading from ,the ,sunken ,bell4 ,sudermann3 readings from ,dame ,care1 and ,the ,joy of ,living4 ,what was the effect of ,ibsen on the ,german drama8 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,witkowski3 ,german ,drama of the ,nineteenth ,century4 ,huneker3 ,iconoclasts4 ,kuno ,francke3 ,german ,ideals of ,to-day4 ,whitman3 ,teuton ,studies4 ,goethe has been called the idol of the ,german people1 and the major part of this program may well be devoted to him4 ,carlyle's essay on ,goethe is a famous piece of writing1 and the life by ,lewes is as interesting as a novel 7see the ,everyman's ,library74 ,follow the third paper with a reading from ,j4 ,g4 ,robertson's ,schiller after a ,century4 ,a closing talk might point out the sentimental character of the early ,german dramas as contrasted with the realism of those of to-day4 ,reference should also be made to the symbolic plays4 ,v--,,french ,,drama #a4 ,the ,romantic ,drama--,victor ,hugo4 ,the romantic revival in all ,european literature4 ,influence of ,scott's novels4 ,story of ,hugo's life4 ,early struggles4 ,his first play2 politics and exile4 ,characteristics of his style4 ,readings from ,le ,roi s'amuse1 ,hernani1 and ,ruy ,blas4 #b4 ,experiments in the ,drama--,augier3 ,attempt to revive the classic drama3 the story of ,charlotte ,corday1 and reading from the play4 ,scribe3 ,improved construction of the play2 reading from ,valerie4 #c4 ,the ,drama at ,its ,height--,dumas fils4 ,comparison of the father and the son in literature4 ,the son's ambition to reform society through the stage4 ,the first problem plays4 ,description of ,la ,dame aux ,camelias4 ,sardou3 ,versatility of subjects4 ,skilful construction of plot4 ,tendency to the sensational and the gruesome4 ,reading from ,patric4 #d4 ,the ,drama ,to-day--,becque3 ,theory of evolution applied to society2 ,les ,corbeaux4 ,brieux3 ,satire1 realism2 ,blanchette1 ,les ,trois ,filles de ,m4 ,dupont4 ,rostand3 ,romantic and literary2 readings from ,cyrano de ,bergerac1 ,l',aiglon1 and ,chantecler4 ,bernstein3 ,relation of the modern ,jew to the stage2 politics and the drama in ,paris2 ,le ,voleur1 ,samson4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,a4 ,filon3 ,the ,modern ,french ,drama4 ,brander ,matthews3 ,french ,dramatists of the ,nineteenth ,century4 ,matthew ,arnold3 ,essay on the ,french ,play in ,london4 ,if possible1 have an additional paper on some of the interesting ,french actors3 ,coquelin1 ,mounet-,sully1 ,rejane1 and ,bernhardt4 ,another and briefer paper may discuss ,french dramatic criticism1 easily the most brilliant of our time in the whole world of letters4 ,sarcey1 ,claretie1 ,doumic1 and ,legouve are among these well-known names4 ,have some one speak of the ,comedie ,francaise and its influence on ,french drama4 ,,vi--,,english ,,drama ,,of ,,to-,,day #a4 ,pinero--,his early style as shown in ,the ,profligate1 ,the ,amazons1 and ,trelawny of the ,wells4 ,the important change in his methods revealed in ,the ,second ,mrs4 ,tanqueray1 and ,his ,house in ,order4 ,the problem play in ,english4 #b4 ,henry ,arthur ,jones--,study of ,the ,silver ,king1 ,saints and ,sinners1 ,the ,middleman1 ,the ,liars1 and ,the ,masquerader4 ,comparison of ,pinero and ,jones4 #c4 ,grundy1 ,wilde1 and ,carton--,sidney ,grundy3 ,a ,fool's ,paradise1 ,a ,white ,lie1 ,the ,greatest of ,these4 ,discussion of the question of the use of the stage as a pulpit4 ,oscar ,wilde3 ,readings from ,lady ,windermere's ,fan1 and ,the ,importance of ,being ,earnest4 ,discuss the place of satire in human life4 ,r4 ,c4 ,carton3 ,lord and ,lady ,algy4 ,discuss the question whether comedy at its best may not be the ideal play4 #d4 ,current ,playwrights--,stephen ,phillips3 the literary playwright2 contrast the prose and the poetic drama2 the author's dignity and grace2 reading from ,paolo and ,francesca4 ,barrie3 the modern ,scotch school of writers2 ,barrie's humor2 readings from ,peter ,pan1 ,alice ,sit-by-the-,fire1 and ,what ,every ,woman ,knows4 ,w4 ,s4 ,maugham3 plays planned to succeed2 lightness and wit2 quantity of product2 readings from ,jack ,straw1 and ,lady ,frederick4 ,john ,galsworthy3 the stage as a censor of morals2 spread of socialist theories2 quotations from ,strife1 and ,justice2 effect of latter on court processes in ,england4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,e4 ,e4 ,hale1 ,jr43 ,dramatists of ,to-day4 ,w4 ,archer3 ,english ,dramatists of ,to-day4 ,w4 ,nicholson3 ,the ,struggle for a ,free ,stage in ,london4 ,mention the many plays written rather for pure literary purposes than to be acted4 ,notice those especially of ,tennyson1 ,browning1 ,swinburne1 and ,stephen ,phillips4 ,an important factor in the ,english stage is the censor1 who must pass judgment on all plays before they are acted4 ,mark the effect of this in excluding many ,french plays from ,england4 ,note the relation between the modern ,english novel and the drama as illustrated in ,the ,prisoner of ,zenda1 ,the ,little ,minister1 ,the ,seats of the ,mighty1 ,vanity ,fair 7called ,becky ,sharp as a play71 ,the ,eternal ,city1 ,the ,garden of ,allah1 etc4 ,,vii--,,ibsen #a4 ,his ,life--,hard youth4 ,connection with the theater4 ,struggle to gain a hearing4 ,publication of ,brand4 ,his pension and financial independence4 ,life in ,rome4 ,life in ,germany4 ,change from poetry to prose4 ,his friendships4 ,his death and public funeral4 #b4 ,his ,temperament and ,its ,influence on ,his ,writings--,realism1 originality1 revolt against conventions1 individualism1 pessimism1 irony4 ,views of woman4 ,is ,ibsen critic or prophet8 #c4 ,influence of ,ibsen on ,modern ,drama--,his technical skill1 daring1 problem plays4 ,are ,ibsen's themes suited to the stage and the average audience8 ,should the theater preach or amuse1 or both8 #d4 ,study of ,three ,plays--,peer ,gynt1 ,the ,pillars of ,society1 ,a ,doll's ,house4 ,analysis of plot1 description of chief characters1 and readings4 #e4 ,study of ,three ,plays--,ghosts1 ,the ,wild ,duck1 ,hedda ,gabler4 ,analysis of plot1 description of chief characters1 and readings4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,brandes3 ,henrik ,ibsen4 ,gosse3 ,ibsen4 ,bernard ,shaw3 ,quintessence of ,ibsenism4 ,moses3 ,ibsen1 the ,man and ,his ,plays4 ,ibsen takes a place to-day with the philosophers as well as the dramatists4 ,in fact1 the most interesting aspect of his work is his relation to social thinking and the revolt against conventions4 ,it would be interesting to compare views on the points suggested4 ,in what differing ways do ,ibsen's plays affect the club members8 ,,viii--,,bernard ,,shaw ,,and ,,the ,,irish ,,movement #a4 ,life of ,bernard ,shaw--,dublin4 ,london4 ,beginning of serial novel-writing4 ,fabian ,society4 ,help of ,william ,archer4 ,first play3 ,widowers' ,houses4 ,the ,philanderers4 ,mrs4 ,warren's ,profession 7rejected by the censor74 #b4 ,shaw's ,successful ,plays--,arms and the ,man4 7,mansfield's rendition4 ,musical version3 ,the ,chocolate ,soldier47 ,candida4 ,you ,never ,can ,tell4 ,the ,devil's ,disciple4 ,captain ,brassbound's ,conversion4 ,man and ,superman4 ,showing up of ,blanco ,posnet4 ,fanny's ,first ,play4 #c4 ,bernard ,shaw's ,qualities--,his mannerisms and style4 ,his attitude toward social conventions4 ,his socialism4 ,his attitude toward religion4 #d4 ,william ,butler ,yeats--,dublin4 ,encouragement from ,oscar ,wilde4 ,stories and verse4 ,plays3 ,land of ,heart's ,desire2 ,diarmind and ,grania2 ,cathleen in ,houlihan4 ,influence of ,blake1 ,shelley1 and ,maeterlinck4 #e4 ,synge--,riders to the ,sea4 ,well of the ,saints4 ,playboy of the ,western ,world4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,e4 ,e4 ,hale1 ,jr43 ,dramatists of ,to-day4 ,g4 ,k4 ,chesterton3 ,bernard ,shaw4 ,h4 ,s4 ,krans2 ,wm4 ,butler ,yeats and the ,irish ,school4 ,j4 ,m4 ,synge3 ,works 7#d vols4 ,dublin1 #aiaj74 ,a supplementary paper may be written on the question1 ,has ,shaw a positive message of any importance1 or is he merely a negative critic8 ,in addition there may be selections from his plays1 showing his wit and clever satire4 ,the amusing comedy1 ,you ,never ,can ,tell1 may be read1 the parts being taken by members of the club4 ,notice also the appearance in ,america of the ,irish ,players under the management of ,lady ,gregory4 ,,ix--,,maeterlinck #a4 ,life--,early life in ,ghent4 ,paris1 #ahhg4 ,influence of ,villiers de l',isle ,adam4 ,first publishing and fame through ,mirbeau's article in ,figaro4 ,translation of ,ruysbroeck and his influence on ,maeterlinck4 ,his marriage4 #b4 ,essays--,the ,treasure of the ,humble4 ,the ,life of the ,bee4 ,the ,buried ,temple4 ,the ,double ,garden4 ,death4 #c4 ,plays--,the ,blind4 ,pelleas and ,melisande4 ,aglavaine and ,selysette4 ,monna ,vanna4 ,joyzelle4 ,the ,blue ,bird4 ,analysis of these plays and readings from them4 #d4 ,his ,place in ,literature--,what is the meaning of his mysticism and his symbolism8 ,what is his position with regard to religion8 ,is his optimism philosophically justifiable8 ,compare ,maeterlinck with ,bernard ,shaw as to difference in spirit and method4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,edward ,thomas3 ,maeterlinck4 ,arthur ,symons3 ,the ,symbolist ,movement4 ,e4 ,e4 ,hale1 ,jr43 ,dramatists of ,to-day4 ,maeterlinck's chateau is especially interesting3 a medieval structure with a great court4 ,it was here that one of his leading plays was given first1 before a large company of his friends1 with ,madame ,maeterlinck in the part of the heroine4 ,no scenery was used1 but the action took place in different rooms and in the court4 ,reference to this may be found in some of the magazines of the time4 ,x--,,the ,,american ,,drama #a4 ,william ,dunlap 7#agih-ahae71 ,father of ,american ,drama--,his numerous plays4 ,influence of ,kotzebue4 ,study with ,benjamin ,west4 #b4 ,campbell1 ,howard1 and ,de,mille--,bartley ,campbell 7#ahdc-ahhh73 ,matrimony1 ,siberia4 ,bronson ,howard 7,dean of the ,american ,drama73 ,young ,mrs4 ,winthrop1 ,the ,henrietta1 ,shenandoah4 ,h4 ,c4 ,de,mille 7#ahej-ahic73 ,lord ,chumley1 ,the ,charity ,ball4 #c4 ,gillette1 ,belasco1 and ,klein--,william ,gillette3 ,the ,private ,secretary1 ,secret ,service1 ,too ,much ,johnson1 ,sherlock ,holmes4 ,david ,belasco3 ,his training for the stage4 ,early melodrama4 ,stage scenery and effects4 ,miss ,helyett1 ,the ,heart of ,maryland1 ,du ,barry1 ,the ,girl of the ,golden ,west4 ,charles ,klein3 ,the ,music ,master1 ,the ,lion and the ,mouse1 ,the ,third ,degree4 #d4 ,fitch1 ,thomas1 and ,moody--,clyde ,fitch3 ,brief ,biography4 ,beau ,brummel1 ,the ,liar1 ,nathan ,hale1 ,captain ,jinks1 ,the ,blue ,mouse1 ,the ,city4 ,compare ,fitch's skill and ethical standards with those of ,thomas4 ,augustus ,thomas3 ,alabama1 ,arizona1 ,the ,harvest ,moon1 ,as a ,man ,thinks4 ,william ,vaughan ,moody3 ,the college professor as playwright4 ,the ,great ,divide1 ,the ,faith ,healer4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,w4 ,j4 ,moses3 ,the ,american ,dramatist4 ,norman ,hapgood3 ,the ,stage in ,america4 ,walter ,p4 ,eaton3 ,the ,american ,stage of ,to-day4 ,w4 ,d4 ,adams3 ,dictionary of the ,drama4 #b vols4 7,english and ,american74 ,after this program have a discussion on the question3 ,are women responsible for the character of the modern drama8 ,take up also women's theater clubs1 designed to pass judgment on new plays4 ,does the weight of their expressed opinion influence the management8 ,on the whole1 are the morals of the drama improving8 ,,chapter ,,iii ,,our ,,own ,,country ,in studying ,american history it is best to disregard the natural divisions of decades and centuries and take it up by periods2 programs on these may cover as many meetings as necessary4 ,the books suggested from time to time may be read at home1 or aloud in some of the meetings4 ,one good reference book which all members can use is ,john ,fiske's ,history of the ,united ,states for ,schools4 ,it has maps1 questions1 and other helps4 ,the first period is that of ,i--,,discovery ,begin with the stories of the voyages of the ,norsemen across the sea4 ,are these considered historically true to-day8 ,follow with the three voyages of ,columbus1 what he accomplished and where he failed4 ,americus ,vespucius and the ,cabots come next1 and the subject of the ,spanish explorations in the ,south1 particularly in ,florida4 ,ponce de ,leon1 ,coronado1 and ,de ,soto are all fascinating topics for brief talks4 ,the ,huguenots made one settlement in ,florida of peculiar interest1 and this is written of in a novel called ,flamingo ,feather1 by ,munroe4 ,the period ends with the discovery by the ,french of the ,canadian country and the establishment of the fisheries in ,newfoundland4 ,read ,francis ,parkman on ,champlain and the wonderful stories of the ,jesuit missionaries on the ,st4 ,lawrence and the lakes4 ,,ii--,,colonization #a4 ,the ,london ,company is responsible for the settling of both the ,south and the ,north4 ,begin with the study of ,virginia1 the history of ,sir ,walter ,raleigh and ,john ,smith4 ,then give plenty of time to these important topics3 ,the founding of ,jamestown1 the different governors and their policies1 the ,indians and their relations to the colonists1 the beginning of slavery1 the raising of tobacco1 and the coming from ,england of indentured servants4 ,read ,mary ,johnston's ,to ,have and ,to ,hold1 which gives an excellent picture of the times4 ,note the changes in the colony when ,charles ,i4 came to the throne and the cavaliers came over1 bringing something of luxury with them4 ,in closing the period mention ,bacon's rebellion4 ,read from ,john ,esten ,cooke's ,virginia3 a ,history of the ,people1 and also ,white ,aprons1 by ,maud ,wilder ,goodwin4 #b4 ,the northern branch of the great ,english trading company was called the ,plymouth ,company4 ,of the many sea captains who came over to explore and sometimes to try and settle1 ,bartholomew ,gosnold accomplished the most2 he found ,cape ,cod and ,martha's ,vineyard1 and made a short-lived colony4 ,john ,smith came also1 and gave the country the name of ,new ,england4 ,at this point take up the subject of the ,puritans in ,england1 and what brought them to ,america4 ,read of the ,speedwell and the ,mayflower1 the voyage of the latter and the landing of the ,pilgrim ,fathers4 ,have a paper on the first winter with its hardships1 and other papers on the great men of the colony1 ,governor ,carver1 ,governor ,bradford1 ,john ,winthrop1 ,william ,brewster1 and ,miles ,standish4 ,study the topic of the founding of churches and schools1 the relations with the ,indians1 and the establishment of new settlements1 through ,massachusetts and beyond4 ,read ,s4 ,g4 ,fisher's ,men1 ,women1 and ,manners in ,colonial ,times1 ,mrs4 ,austen's ,standish of ,standish1 and ,longfellow's ,miles ,standish4 ,the religious difficulties of the times deserve special notice1 because of their results2 read the stories of ,roger ,williams1 ,anne ,hutchinson1 and ,thomas ,hooker4 ,the work of ,john ,eliot for the ,indians should not be forgotten1 nor the rise and spread of witchcraft2 on this last read ,ye ,little ,salem ,maid1 by ,hopkins4 ,close the period with ,king ,philip's ,war1 and notice how many colonies now existed4 #c4 ,the ,dutch of the early seventeenth century were among the most famous navigators of the world1 and the ,east ,india ,company1 founded by them1 sent out ships all over the seas4 ,one of these1 the little ,half ,moon1 commanded by an ,englishman in their employ1 ,henry ,hudson1 sailed all along the northern coast1 and up the ,hudson ,river as far as ,albany4 ,others followed him2 the ,new ,netherlands ,company was organized for trading in furs1 and little settlements were made by them4 ,in #afbf ,peter ,minuit1 the ,governor1 bought ,manhattan ,island from the ,indians for less then twenty-five dollars in beads and ribbons1 and founded ,new ,amsterdam4 ,from the beginning this colony prospered4 ,peter ,stuyvesant was its most famous figure1 but the whole history of the life of the patroons is well worth reading4 ,the colony passed into the hands of the ,english1 and was renamed ,new ,york1 but the people remained ,dutch for many years4 ,irving's ,history of ,new ,york and ,amelia ,barr's ,bow of ,orange ,ribbon give a good idea of the time4 #d4 ,the founding of ,new ,jersey and ,maryland come next in order1 and the struggles between ,catholics1 ,puritans1 ,episcopalians1 and ,quakers for supremacy1 with the work of ,lord ,baltimore and ,calvert1 and the intervention of ,oliver ,cromwell4 ,the story of the peaceful founding of ,pennsylvania by ,william ,penn follows in #afha1 and this1 with the settling of the ,carolinas and ,georgia1 may be taken up rather briefly4 ,the coming of ,germans1 ,scotch ,highlanders1 and ,scotch-,irish to these southern colonies is to be mentioned4 ,the war between ,england and ,spain affected the relations between the ,spanish settlers of ,florida and the ,english of ,georgia1 and led to trouble4 ,under ,governor ,oglethorpe the power of ,spain in ,america was overthrown4 ,the subject of the opening up of the ,mississippi ,valley should be studied by itself4 ,the story of ,la ,salle is as interesting as any novel2 read ,parkman's ,la ,salle and the ,discovery of the ,great ,west4 ,,iii--,,the ,,french ,,and ,,indian ,,war ,this began in ,canada under the famous ,governor ,frontenac1 who came down to conquer ,new ,york1 and extended throughout the ,north1 the middle colonies1 and the ,mississippi ,valley4 ,there might easily be a set of at least three meetings on this theme4 ,the massacres of the ,indians1 especially that at ,deerfield2 the siege of ,quebec2 the capture of ,louisburg2 the taking of ,fort ,duquesne by men under ,george ,washington2 the coming of ,braddock1 and his campaign2 the transportation of the ,acadians from ,nova ,scotia to the ,south2 the history of ,sir ,william ,johnson and the ,indians2 the fortifications of ,fort ,william ,henry and ,ticonderoga2 the struggle of ,wolfe and ,montcalm at ,quebec1 and the final overthrow of ,french power in our country should all be studied1 for the importance of this period of our history cannot be over-estimated4 ,read ,parkman's histories3 ,frontenac and ,new ,france ,under ,louis ,,xiv42 a ,half ,century of ,conflict2 ,montcalm and ,wolfe2 and the ,conspiracy of ,pontiac4 ,some of ,cooper's novels are also good1 ,leather ,stocking ,tales especially2 and ,thackeray's ,virginians may be read in part4 ,,iv--,,the ,,revolution ,the entire history of the war must of course be gone over1 but how thoroughly will depend on the individual club4 ,at least the causes which led to it1 the great men who guided the nation at the time1 and the results should be made familiar4 ,read first of ,england at the time2 of ,george ,,iii4 and his ministers2 of their attitude toward the colonies2 of the restrictions of manufacture and trading2 of the revenue laws and taxation without representation4 ,note the influence of such men as ,burke1 ,pitt1 and others4 ,take up the patriots in ,america3 ,benjamin ,franklin1 ,patrick ,henry1 ,lee of ,virginia1 ,john ,hancock1 ,john ,adams1 ,samuel ,adams1 among others4 ,show pictures of the ,old ,south ,meeting ,house and ,faneuil ,hall of ,boston2 read ,paul ,revere's ,ride1 and a description of the battles of ,lexington1 ,concord1 and ,bunker ,hill4 ,note the establishment of a ,continental congress and army1 and speak of the fitness of ,george ,washington as the leader of the ,american forces4 ,read the ,declaration of ,independence2 follow with the struggle for the control of the ,hudson1 which occupied the whole of the first year of the war and more1 and includes the battles about ,new ,york1 with their retreats and victories2 then study the invasion of ,canada1 the attempt on the ,south1 the ,british plan of three ,northern armies simultaneously2 the use of ,indian allies2 the surrender of ,burgoyne2 the movements of the fleets2 the treason of ,arnold2 the surrender of ,cornwallis4 ,other topics for papers or talks may be3 ,valley ,forge2 ,andre and ,hale2 the recent discovery of the treachery of ,charles ,lee2 the story of ,paul ,jones2 the aid of the ,french under ,lafayette2 the character of the great generals on both sides2 how the news of the final success of ,america was received in ,england4 ,read ,the ,american ,revolution1 by ,lecky1 and ,h4 ,c4 ,lodge's ,story of the ,revolution2 also1 ,the ,tory ,lover1 by ,jewett 7about ,paul ,jones71 and ,ford's ,janice ,meredith4 ,v--,,the ,,critical ,,period of our history naturally succeeds the ,revolution1 when our ,government was in the making4 ,read of the leaders of the time3 ,washington1 ,jefferson1 ,marshall1 ,madison1 ,jay1 and ,alexander ,hamilton4 ,have parts of the ,constitution read1 and study the different aspects of our ,government3 the way we choose our ,president2 the houses of ,congress and the ,senate2 our judiciary4 ,read the story of ,washington's inauguration4 ,additional topics are3 ,shay's rebellion2 paper money2 the ,northwest ,territory2 and the home life of the times4 ,take up the early presidents in order1 with the events of each term4 ,the tariff1 the war with the ,barbary pirates1 the rise of newspapers1 the ,louisiana ,territory1 and the decrees of ,france and ,england about neutral ships are all important4 ,,vi--,,the ,,war ,,of #ahab ,read of the ,embargo ,act and the refusal of ,england to repeal her decree2 also of the acts of ,napoleon at the time4 ,the battles of the war that followed were nearly all at sea1 and are full of exciting interest1 from the victory of the ,constitution1 after only half an hour's fighting1 to the very end2 one of the most famous is the ,battle of ,lake ,erie1 when ,perry sent the historic message1 ,i have met the enemy1 and they are ours4 ,read of the invasion of ,canada and the ,battle of ,new ,orleans1 and close the study with the ,treaty of #ahad4 ,a story called ,midshipman ,paulding1 by ,molly ,elliot ,seawell1 gives a good sketch of the time1 and ,roosevelt's ,naval ,war of #ahab is excellent for reference4 ,,vii--,,expansion ,,and ,,improvements ,from this point on for several decades1 the country slowly increased her territory1 her manufactures1 her school system1 her trade at home and abroad4 ,steam was introduced on boats and railways1 and wealth and comforts grew4 ,florida was bought for five millions1 the ,monroe ,doctrine exploited1 and several ,states added to the ,union4 ,slavery gradually increased in the ,south1 and the cotton-gin was introduced in the ,north to weave the raw product there4 ,the ,missouri ,compromise was one of the great national issues of the day1 and ,henry ,clay1 ,daniel ,webster1 and ,john ,c4 ,calhoun were the leaders in politics4 ,there was a great commercial panic which led to the settling of our banking laws2 the first telegraphic message was sent2 ,mormonism was first heard of1 and became important4 ,the war with ,mexico1 which began in #ahdh1 gave us a great additional territory4 ,abolition sentiment rose4 ,the period closed with the discovery of gold in ,california4 ,read ,bret ,harte's books1 ,theodore ,winthrop's ,john ,brent1 for a study of ,mormonism1 and ,parkman's ,oregon ,trail4 ,,viii--,,the ,,civil ,,war ,the various difficulties which led to the great conflict should be studied in detail in a good history of the times4 ,among others were3 ,the ,fugitive ,slave ,law1 the ,underground ,railway1 ,mrs4 ,stowe's ,uncle ,tom's ,cabin1 the debates of ,lincoln and ,douglas1 the ,dred ,scott decision1 and the story of ,john ,brown's raid4 ,it will be necessary to have a good reference-book with maps of the campaigns4 ,perhaps the best book is ,battles and ,leaders of the ,civil ,war1 written by the great generals1 published by ,the ,century ,company4 ,divide the war into the four years of its continuance1 following this condensed outline3 #ahfa--;,attack on ,fort ,sumter2 call for troops by ,lincoln2 ,battle of ,bull ,run2 ,the ,trent ,affair4 #ahfb--,the ,merrimac and ,monitor2 ,battle of ,shiloh2 ,farragut and the ,battle of ,new ,orleans2 ,seven ,days' ,battles before ,richmond2 ,second ,battle of ,bull ,run2 ,antietam2 ,fredericksburg4 #ahfc--;,january first1 the ,emancipation ,proclamation2 ,chancellorsville2 ,gettysburg2 surrender of ,vicksburg2 ,chickamauga2 ,chattanooga4 #ahfd--;,grant's advance on ,lee2 ,battle of the ,wilderness2 ,sherman's ,atlanta campaign2 siege of ,petersburg2 the ,alabama sunk by the ,kearsarge2 ,battle of ,mobile ,bay2 fall of ,atlanta2 ,sheridan in the ,shenandoah2 ,sherman's ,march to the ,sea2 ,battle of ,nashville4 #ahfe--;,battle of ,five ,forks2 ,richmond evacuated2 surrender of ,lee2 ,lincoln assassinated2 surrender of ,johnston2 capture of ,jefferson ,davis2 review of ,northern army in ,washington4 ,take up the condition of the ,south immediately after the war4 ,have papers on the purchase of ,alaska1 our increase in population1 the crossing of the continent by the railway1 and the war with the ,indians in which ,custer was killed4 ,mention the administrations as before1 and close the period with the war with ,spain1 and describe our new possessions4 ,,ix--,,present-,,day ,,conditions ,,and ,,problems ,the various subjects to be studied under this topic stand out conspicuously3 our material wealth2 our cities2 our manufactures2 our coalfields1 forests1 watercourses1 and other resources2 our public schools and universities2 our vocational schools and schools for the defective2 the education of the negro1 the ,indian1 the mountain white2 our railway systems2 telegraph1 telephone1 and wireless communication2 our scientific discoveries2 conservation2 our art galleries1 museums1 theaters1 orchestras4 ,close with discussions of our chief national problems3 immigration1 labor1 and woman suffrage4 ,this period should have one program on the physical character of our country2 its great natural beauties in the ,yosemite1 the ,sierras1 the ,yellowstone1 and the ,grand ,canyon in the ,west2 the mountains of the ,east and ,south2 ,niagara1 the ,hudson1 the ,mississippi1 and our seacoast4 ,x--,,american ,,literature ,,and ,,art ,our literature sometimes seems to be of small consequence as compared with that of older countries1 but as a nation we have been occupied with establishing ourselves in our territory1 and have had little time to give to what may be called the adornments of life4 ,in our ,colonial ,period we had a few outstanding historical books like ,bradford's ,history of the ,plymouth ,plantation1--,judge ,samuel ,sewall's ,diary1 and ,cotton ,mather's ,magnalia4 ,then1 also1 we had ,jonathan ,edwards' great philosophical work on ,the ,freedom of the ,will4 ,in ,revolutionary days ,benjamin ,franklin wrote his autobiography1 ,thomas ,paine his essays1 ,john ,woolman his ,journal1 and the first ,american novelist appeared1 ,charles ,brockden ,brown4 ,our literature really began with the ,new-,yorkers1 ,irving1 ,cooper1 and ,bryant4 ,then came the ,new ,england group1 ,emerson1 ,thoreau1 ,hawthorne1 ,longfellow1 ,whittier1 ,lowell1 ,holmes1 and the historians1 ,prescott1 ,motley1 and ,parkman1 to which list the name of ,harriet ,beecher ,stowe should be added4 ,in the ,south we had ,edgar ,allan ,poe1 ,simms1 ,lanier1 and later ,cable and ,page4 ,the ,western country has given us ,bret ,harte1 ,mark ,twain1 and ,riley4 ,realism has its representatives in fiction in ,howells1 ,james1 and ,mary ,wilkins ,freeman1 and in poetry in ,walt ,whitman4 ,to-day we have nature writers1 including ,john ,burroughs and ,stewart ,edward ,white4 ,we have such essayists as ,william ,winter1 ,henry ,van ,dyke1 ,agnes ,repplier1 and ,samuel ,crothers4 ,we have the poets ,john ,vance ,cheney1 ,james ,whitcomb ,riley1 ,madison ,cawein1 ,anna ,branch and ,josephine ,preston ,peabody4 ,we have the historical writers ,mc,master1 ,james ,schouler1 ,james ,ford ,rhodes1 ,woodrow ,wilson1 ,theodore ,roosevelt1 and ,henry ,cabot ,lodge4 ,and among the novelists may be mentioned ,winston ,churchill1 ,margaret ,deland1 ,robert ,grant1 ,s4 ,weir ,mitchell1 ,edith ,wharton1 ,kate ,douglas ,wiggin1 ,ellen ,glasgow1 ,f4 ,hopkinson ,smith1 ,hamlin ,garland1 ,robert ,herrick1 ,jack ,london1 and ,booth ,tarkington4 ,in early days our painters were ,gilbert ,stuart1 ,copley1 and ,benjamin ,west2 in later years1 ,inness1 ,whistler1 ,la ,farge1 ,abbey1 and ,sargent4 ,our sculptors have been ,powers1 ,crawford1 ,saint-,gaudens1 ,french1 ,borglum1 ,mac,monnies1 and ,potter4 ,in music we have had ,mac,dowell1 ,chadwick1 ,nevin1 and ,parker2 in architecture1 ,upjohn1 ,richardson1 ,stanford ,white1 the ,hunts1 and ,carrere4 ,for a general survey of our country1 read ,bryce's ,american ,commonwealth4 ,,chapter ,,iv ,,the ,,home ,i--,,the ,,dwelling-,,house #a4 ,the ,house ,desirable--,where to live2 city or country2 the most economical kind of house2 necessities and luxuries4 #b4 ,the ,house ,comfortable--,heat1 water1 ventilation1 sunshine4 #c4 ,the ,house ,beautiful--,the exterior1 type of house1 harmony with surroundings1 color2 lawns1 gardens1 trees and shrubbery2 the vegetable garden and the drying-ground2 out-buildings4 #d4 ,general ,discussion--,living where we do1 how can we improve our houses and their surroundings8 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,isabel ,bevier3 ,the ,house3 ,its ,plan1 ,decoration and ,care4 ,w4 ,m4 ,johnson3 ,inside of ,one ,hundred ,homes4 ,s4 ,parsons1 ,jr43 ,how to ,plan the ,home ,grounds4 ,l4 ,c4 ,corbett3 ,beautifying the ,home ,grounds4 7,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 of ,agriculture1 ,farmers' ,bulletin #aje4 #aijd47 ,discuss the transformation of old houses2 the modernization of the farmhouse1 with porches added1 the parlor opened1 the bedrooms made attractive1 and heat and a water-supply provided4 ,the village home2 its limitations and possibilities2 the advantage of simple lines rather than cheap and ugly scrollwork and ornate verandas4 ,the city home2 the basement dining-room and kitchen4 ,the modern flat2 its advantages and inconveniences4 ,modern building-materials1 concrete1 shingles1 cobblestones2 the use of stains4 ,in preparation for this meeting1 ask each member to bring in a sketch of the ground-plan of what represents to her an ideal dwelling-house4 ,,ii--,,furnishing ,,the ,,house #a4 ,intelligent ,furnishing--,consistency of style throughout4 ,the value of various styles4 ,how to combine the old with the new4 ,costly ugliness4 #b4 ,the ,study of ,special ,needs--,rooms of the family as a whole3 the dining-room1 the library1 living-rooms4 ,the guest-room4 ,the boys' bedrooms and den4 ,the room for the grown daughter4 ,nursery and playroom4 #c4 ,household ,conveniences--,the kitchen as a workshop4 7,the equipment for cooking3 gas1 oil1 coal1 electricity47 ,new kinds of utensils 7bread and cake mixers1 fireless cookers1 etc474 ,the attractive kitchen4 #d4 ,art in the ,home--,wall decoration 7study of colors74 ,floor coverings 7carpets1 rugs1 use of hard woods74 ,draperies1 pictures 7choice of subjects1 artistic grouping and hanging of pictures74 ,bric-a-brac 7selection and artistic arrangement74 ,the beauty of simplicity in the home4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,lillie ,hamilton ,french3 ,homes and ,their ,decoration4 ,same author3 ,the ,home ,dignified4 ,mitchell3 ,the ,fireless ,cookery ,book4 ,reading list on home decoration and furnishing3 ,n4 ,y4 ,state ,library ,bulletin4 ,bibliog4 ,vol4 ,i1 ,no4 #bj4 ,albany #ahii4 ,discuss the charm of the colonial style of furnishing2 illustrate by cuts in the catalogues of large furniture-makers and dealers of four-post beds1 ,chippendale chairs and tables1 ,sheraton desks1 etc4 ,take up the value of cretonnes in bedrooms and living-rooms4 ,have a practical talk on making over old things1 dyeing carpets1 simplifying the outlines of cheaply made furniture and staining it4 ,close with an informal discussion on ,the ,kitchen ,comfortable4 ,,iii--,,domestic ,,economy #a4 ,the ,housekeeper--,her training for her profession4 ,schools of domestic economy4 ,lectures4 ,books and magazines4 ,practical experience4 ,the training of our daughters4 #b4 ,the ,table--,the family income and cost of food4 ,economy and waste4 ,entertaining4 ,an attractive table for those of small means4 #c4 ,individual ,needs--,food for the growing child2 for the invalid2 for the dyspeptic4 ,the diet of the laboring man and of the professional man4 ,school luncheons4 #d4 ,the ,weekly ,program--,the old housekeeping and the new4 ,the problem of the laundry4 ,the household mending4 ,sweeping and dusting4 ,baking and cleaning4 ,the mistress' personal supervision4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,ravenhill and ,schiff3 ,household ,administration4 ,herrick3 ,housekeeping ,made ,easy4 ,campbell3 ,household ,economics4 ,benton3 ,living on a ,little4 ,the abundance of material for this meeting will make discussion easy4 ,take up as additional topics3 ,how shall we have an abundant table under present conditions8 ,is vegetarianism wise8 ,can entertaining be done economically8 ,does it pay to spend time on the esthetic side of cooking and serving8 ,are weekly menus a help8 ,close with a paper or talk on the ,importance of ,simplicity in ,all ,branches of ,housekeeping4 ,,iv--,,servants #a4 ,the ,problem as a ,whole--,reasons for the change in the present situation as compared with the past3 shop and factory labor1 education1 social advancement4 #b4 ,the ,problem as ,seen by the ,mistress--,the rise in the scale of wages4 ,increased demand for short hours4 ,constant desire of servants to change4 ,independence of spirit4 #c4 ,the ,problem as seen by the ,maid--,her comfort2 the sleeping and sitting rooms4 ,her leisure2 afternoons and evenings out4 ,her society2 callers4 ,her wages4 ,growing tendency to specialization of work4 ,uniforms and caps4 #d4 ,possible ,solutions--,the ,american girl1 the foreigner1 the negro1 and the ,japanese as servants4 ,the working housekeeper4 ,the visiting servant4 ,the eight-hour day4 ,cooeperative housekeeping4 ,the servantless apartment4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,salmon3 ,domestic ,service4 ,terrill3 ,household ,management4 ,addams3 ,democracy and ,social ,ethics4 ,herrick3 ,the ,expert ,maid ,servant4 ,for this meeting the chairman can arrange in advance for the brief presentation of personal experiences1 each limited to three minutes4 ,other interesting and valuable topics might be3 ,the ,relations between ,employers and ,employed2 ,employment ,offices and ,their ,regulation2 ,the ,ethics of ,references2 ,advertising and ,answering ,advertisements for ,servants2 ,what ,shall ,we do for ,sick and ,elderly ,servants8 ,v--,,financing ,,the ,,home #a4 ,the ,income--,the husband's share4 ,the wife's share4 ,the children's share4 ,special expenditures3 the doctor and the dentist1 church1 benevolences1 etc4 ,discussion of the proper division of the income4 #b4 ,family ,expenses--,renting or owning a home4 ,the cost of living3 food1 fuel1 service1 etc4 ,dressing the family4 ,education3 private or public schools4 #c4 ,necessities and ,luxuries--,the comfortable home4 ,the place of recreation4 ,books1 music1 and travel4 ,the college education4 ,the use and the abuse of luxury2 the automobile1 the theater1 dress4 #d4 ,savings--,proportion of savings to expenditures4 ,ways and means of saving4 ,the savings-bank1 life insurance1 investments4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,haskins3 ,how to ,keep ,household ,accounts4 ,curtis3 ,the ,making of the ,housewife4 ,babcock3 ,household ,hints4 ,hewitt3 ,how to live on a ,small ,income4 ,a discussion can be planned for this meeting on the comparison of men and women as economists4 ,a brief talk may be given on ,the ,change in the ,scale of ,living ,to-day1 and another on ,is a ,return to the ,simple ,life ,possible8 ,the training of children in the use of money should also be taken up1 and the meeting can close with a consideration of the question1 ,is a ,college ,education a ,necessity or a ,luxury8 ,,vi--,,social ,,life #a4 ,the ,home ,circle--,planning the home life4 ,delightful meal-hours4 ,evening amusements3 music1 games1 reading aloud4 ,the happy ,sunday4 #b4 ,neighbors--,who is my neighbor8 ,the spirit of neighborliness4 ,the ethics of borrowing4 ,helpfulness in the community4 #c4 ,hospitality--,the fair exchange4 ,social life for all ages4 ,the open house and the small income4 ,simple entertaining4 #d4 ,social ,organizations--,the grange1 the lodge1 the club4 ,church societies3 men's leagues1 women's aid societies1 boys' brigades1 guilds for girls4 ,the woman's club3 intensive and extensive work4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,gilman3 ,the ,home1 ,its ,work and ,influence4 ,modern ,home ,life3 edited by ,edward ,everett ,hale4 ,hall3 ,handbook of ,hospitality4 ,abbott3 ,the ,home ,builder4 ,holt3 ,the ,successful ,hostess4 ,emphasize in these papers the beauty and charm of a simple1 free hospitality as distinguished from formal and costly entertaining4 ,the welcoming of a child's playmates after school should be considered1 the opening of the doors to the young people of the neighborhood1 the planning of afternoon parties for elderly women1 the bringing together of congenial groups of people1 the drawing in of strangers1 and the spirit of cordiality in church life4 ,,vii--,,recreation ,,in ,,the ,,home #a4 ,for the ,children--,simple amusements3 candy-making1 hide-and-seek1 and other old-fashioned games4 ,value of an attic4 ,tenting in the back yard4 ,gardening4 ,children's parties4 #b4 ,for the ,young ,people--,small group games3 checkers1 card-games1 chess1 etc4 ,games of mental skill3 twenty questions1 guessing contests1 writing of topical poems and jingles4 ,the billiard-room in the house4 ,social advantages of the chafing-dish4 ,young people's dances4 #c4 ,for ,adults--,reading aloud4 ,home carpentry4 ,entertaining3 cards1 music1 dinners1 etc4 #d4 ,for ,everybody--,charades4 ,tableaux4 ,plays4 ,the home orchestra4 ,college songs4 ,discussion3 ,what are the best books for family reading aloud8 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,mrs4 ,hamilton ,mott3 ,home ,games and ,parties4 ,bancroft3 ,games for the ,playground1 ,home1 ,school1 and ,gymnasium4 ,benson3 ,book of ,indoor ,games for ,young ,people of ,all ,ages4 ,hoyle's ,games 7many editions74 ,the great point to be emphasized in this meeting is that parents should deliberately make a place in the home life for amusements1 from childhood up4 ,discuss3 ,in how many ways can parents and children share their pleasures1 and how may the spirit of mutual enjoyment be fostered8 ,,viii--,,vacations #a4 ,travel--,should we see our own country before going abroad8 ,preparations for travel4 ,advantage of reading in advance about places to be visited4 ,how to travel with children4 ,travel as an education4 #b4 ,in the ,country--,on the farm4 ,in the camp4 ,among the mountains4 ,by the sea4 ,comparison of experiences by members of the club4 #c4 ,vacation and ,study--,is it a good plan to combine the two8 ,summer schools4 ,chautauquas so called4 ,conventions 7religious1 sociological1 scientific1 musical1 pedagogical1 etc474 #d4 ,vacations at ,home--,the opportunity of a delightful summer4 ,the possibilities of the yard3 tents1 out-of-door meals1 the arbor1 the garden1 etc4 ,city roof-gardens for families4 ,trolley-rides4 ,trips and picnics4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,m4 ,l4 ,pool3 ,vacation in a ,buggy4 ,f4 ,h4 ,winterburn3 ,vacation ,hints4 ,talfourd3 ,vacation ,rambles and ,thoughts 7#ahde74 ,discuss these questions3 ,what proportion of one's income is properly spent in a vacation8 ,what is the influence of life in a summer hotel on parents and children8 ,is the rest from housekeeping and the change of life compensation for the drawbacks there8 ,is the enlarging of the social circle of one's grown children a duty8 ,saving versus travel4 ,,ix--,,children ,,in ,,the ,,home #a4 ,the ,children's ,rooms--,the nursery and its furnishings4 ,rooms for the older children3 seclusion1 comfort1 individuality4 ,the playroom and the workshop4 #b4 ,children and ,parents--,the ideal relationship3 parents as friends4 ,when should discipline end and personal freedom begin8 ,children at table4 ,the bedtime hour and how to make the most of it4 ,the blessing of grandparents in the home4 #c4 ,brothers and ,sisters--,mutual interests3 work and play together4 ,cultivation and maintenance of the ideal of friendship between brothers and sisters4 ,the spirit of chivalry and the spirit of service4 #d4 ,children and ,servants--,overfamiliarity versus dignity in the relation4 ,respect for a servant's rights and belongings4 #e4 ,the ,children's ,playtime--,team-work in the home4 ,the family group3 mutual interest of parents and children4 ,hospitality and entertaining for children4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,ellen ,key3 ,the ,century of the ,child4 ,e4 ,s4 ,martin3 ,the ,luxury of ,children4 ,gertrude ,jekyll3 ,children and ,gardens4 ,s4 ,d4 and ,m4 ,k4 ,gordon3 ,quiet ,talks on ,home ,ideals4 ,one of the most delightful ways of making home interesting is to encourage the children to give little plays1 illustrated poems and shadow pictures4 ,miss ,alcott in ,little ,women gives the outline of one play which may be prepared easily1 and there are others to be had4 ,x--,,the ,,family ,,and ,,training ,,for ,,life #a4 ,training in ,work--,the spirit of industry4 ,faithfulness to tasks4 ,making domestic duties interesting4 ,study of domestic economy for girls4 #b4 ,training in ,culture--,books1 music1 and pictures4 ,education in taste4 ,table-talk about things worth while4 ,outlook on the world's life4 #c4 ,training in ,character--,the fundamental virtues3 truth1 honesty1 fortitude1 unselfishness4 ,teaching by reading1 by counsel1 and by example4 #d4 ,training in ,citizenship and ,social ,usefulness--,discussing politics4 ,the father's politics and the boy's4 ,active philanthropy4 ,committee meetings in the home1 and their effect on the children4 #e4 ,training in ,idealism--,the steady ideal4 ,heroes and hero-worship4 ,stories of bravery and unselfishness in the daily press4 ,what sort of politician shall boys be taught to admire8 ,lives of devotion in science1 medicine1 social service1 and missions4 ,discuss the question3 ,are our children being really prepared for a broad and useful life-work8 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,lyman ,abbott3 ,the ,home ,builder4 ,newell ,dwight ,hillis3 ,the ,home ,school4 ,theodore ,t4 ,munger3 ,on the ,threshold4 ,kate ,upson ,clark3 ,bringing up ,boys4 ,a talk may follow the fifth paper of this meeting1 taking up the subject3 ,how best to utilize the home as a training school1 and yet to keep it cheerful4 ,,chapter ,v ,,myths ,,and ,,folk-,,lore ,i--,,introductory ,the first meeting should be given up to a broad presentation of the whole subject of folk-lore1 myths1 legends1 fairy stories1 festivals and superstitions4 ,one paper should present the universality of myths1 the curious resemblances found among them in races far apart in time and place4 ,a second paper may give the ways in which they have been preserved to us4 ,the ,egyptians as early as #bhjj ,b4 ,c4 used the stories on monuments and in manuscripts4 ,herodotus and ,livy speak of folk-tales2 ,a,esop's ,fables embody many of them4 ,in the ,middle ,ages story and song preserved them2 and later they were collected4 ,walter ,scott was especially appreciative of their value2 he called them antiquities1 and tried to interest people in them in several of his books4 ,a third paper should deal with the important theories held by scholars as to the origin of myths4 ,the ,grimm brothers in ,germany1 and later ,max ,mueller1 held that the similarity of myths proved the common stock and language of all races2 as divisions came the myths passed on from one country and race to many4 ,andrew ,lang1 however1 has more recently developed a second theory1 one held to-day by most scientists1 that as all primitive people observe the same phenomena of nature1 they invent much the same myths to explain them1 as all pass through the same stages of culture4 ,another paper might notice the growth in the spread of the study of myths and legends4 ,since ,thorns in #ahdf coined the phrase folk-lore1 societies have been formed in every civilized land to preserve the old stories1 songs and traditions1 and to study them scientifically4 ,immense value is placed to-day on their importance as throwing light on history1 literature1 religion1 and language4 ,one writer says that a full knowledge of the folk-lore of every nation would be synonymous with the history of human thought4 ,on the general subject read ,g4 ,l4 ,gomme's ,folk-,lore as an ,historical ,science1 ,andrew ,lang's ,modern ,mythology1 and the valuable articles in the encyclopedias4 ,for readings from the stories of all nations1 see a set of small handbooks published by ,lippincott1 called ,folk-,lore and ,legend4 ,,ii--,,the ,,oldest ,,myths1 ,,the ,,hindu ,in the earliest ,western race1 the ,aryan1 we find the simplest myths of creation and changing nature4 ,they first invented the ,sun ,god1 riding in his fiery chariot1 his glowing locks spreading out through the sky4 ,the demons of darkness revolt against him1 and must be overcome4 ,the ,rain ,god darkens the heavens1 and the ,dawn ,maiden brings the light4 ,from these first simple ideas grew a large mythology1 full of beauty1 and of the local color which we see in all national myths2 these are warm and glowing4 ,read the translations of some of the stories and hymns4 ,see ,mrs4 ,poor's ,sanskrit and ,kindred ,literatures1 or ,warner's ,library of ,universal ,literature4 ,,iii--,,greek ,,myths ,,and ,,legends ,the mythology of the ,greeks is the most beautiful1 the most artistic1 and the most perfectly developed of any that we have1 and it repays careful study4 ,the early myths are much like the ,aryan2 indeed some of the stories are practically identical4 ,the sun and moon1 darkness1 storm1 spring and summer1 the ocean and the sky were all personified4 ,phoebus ,apollo in his chariot is the sun2 ,eros and ,psyche are the coming and going of light and darkness2 ,demeter1 the harvest1 has a daughter ,persephone who goes down to the underworld as seed1 dies1 and is revived as spring brings back life4 ,notice how from such first1 simple ideas a whole complicated religious system developed1 and how the original gods and goddesses became so many that earth1 air1 water1 sky1 and all nature were filled with them4 ,see also the gradual decadence of the system1 especially when the ,romans adopted it4 ,compare the myths of light and darkness with those of other lands4 ,read from ,stories of ,old ,greece1 by ,emma ,r4 ,frith1 and ,h4 ,m4 ,chadwick's ,the ,heroic ,age4 ,,iv--,,scandinavian ,,folk-,,lore ,in this cold1 northern land the same original myths developed as elsewhere but were altered by the environment4 ,here the legends are often terrible instead of beautiful4 ,there are battles of hail and snow1 great ice mountains to be surmounted1 gloomy castles to be won4 ,the spirits of storm1 of thunder1 of cold1 all figure4 ,animals1 too1 are conspicuous in the stories1 especially bears1 wolves and eagles4 ,the gods were stern and awful1 rather than lovable4 ,but in spite of this1 there were still some1 like the goddess of spring1 who had charm1 and some stories which show a sense of humor4 ,read ,in the ,days of the ,giants1 a ,book of ,norse ,tales1 by ,abbie ,farwell ,brown4 ,here are stories from the ,sagas and the ,edda1 the earliest literature of the ,north4 ,see ,how ,thor ,went a-,fishing1 ,the ,lost ,bell1 ,the ,three ,dogs1 and ,the ,meal of ,frothi4 ,v--,,persian ,,folk-,,lore ,the ,persian and ,arabian folk-lore is really one1 and stands quite by itself4 ,it is unusually rich in well developed stories1 many well worth study4 ,the original myths of light and darkness were typified under the names of ,ormuzd and ,ahriman4 ,the ,zend-,avesta embodied their religion and literature1 and is full of beauty4 ,later1 however1 the early and simple mythology degenerated into something complicated and almost puerile4 ,the legends1 preserved for us in ,the ,thousand and ,one ,nights1 are marked by ,oriental splendor4 ,often the setting of a story will be in a palace with wonderful gardens and fountains4 ,we read of great merchants1 gorgeous silks1 jewels and ornaments2 of money1 horses and camels2 of sheiks1 caliphs1 viziers1 magicians1 and genii4 ,in every respect the stories differ from those of other lands4 ,read ,aladdin and ,his ,wonderful ,lamp1 and ,ali ,baba and the ,forty ,thieves1 from ,andrew ,lang's ,blue ,fairy ,book4 ,,vi--,,celtic ,,folk-,,lore ,the peoples of ,brittany1 ,wales1 ,scotland1 and ,ireland have folk-tales full of a certain mysticism4 ,they have few nature myths1 such as belong to earlier races1 but they have drawn from their own imagination stories of beauty and charm1 which are distinctly poetic1 both in substance and form4 ,their legends deal largely with fairies1 wishing-stones1 haunted glens1 and changelings4 ,there are water fairies1 some with human souls1 and dwarfs who have homes in caves1 and live and work like human beings4 ,the whole of their folk-tales are filled with these little creatures1 benign or malicious1 who are closely in touch with the real lives about them4 ,the superstitions of these countries in regard to the reappearance of the dead as ghosts or spirits of one kind or another1 also enter largely into the literature of the ,celtic races4 ,this subject1 a very large one1 may be taken up here1 or later by itself4 ,there is a delightful book called ,fairy and ,folk-,lore of the ,irish ,peasantry1 by ,w4 ,b4 ,yeats1 and another on the ,fairy ,legends of ,ireland1 by ,t4 ,c4 ,crocker4 ,duncan ,anderson has one on ,scottish ,folk-,lore1 also4 ,read from any of these1 and also a story in ,little ,classics called ,the ,fairy ,finder1 by ,samuel ,lover4 ,,vii--,,folk-,,lore ,,of ,,the ,,slavs ,there is much that is curious about the folk-lore of the ,russians and kindred peoples4 ,they have the old1 original nature myths1 with hero stories added4 ,there is the same setting as in ,scandinavian mythology1 of cold and storm4 ,there are epics in three cycles which embody some stories almost identical with those of the ,greeks4 ,there are1 however1 two striking differences between their legends and those of other countries3 one is1 that sorcery1 witchcraft1 spells1 exorcisms and incantations abound2 the other is that nearly all tales have folk-music accompanying them4 ,fairy stories are abundant and charming1 and much like those of ,norway and ,sweden4 ,read from ,myths and ,fairy ,tales of ,russia1 by ,jeremiah ,curtin1 and ,russian ,folk ,tales by ,r4 ,nisbet ,bain4 ,,viii--,,german ,,folk-,,lore ,in many respects the folk-tales of ,germany are more interesting than those of any other country4 ,they do not deal with the great1 simple myths1 except as they have been transformed into certain fairy tales1 but are centered largely on more recent stories4 ,there are tales of the ,middle ,ages1 of knights1 besieged castles1 huntsmen and hermits2 there are ,rhine legends1 with princesses and giants2 there are mining tales of dwarfs and goblins1 and stories of water fairies and forest elves4 ,notice the resemblance to the stories of other lands in some of ,grimm's fairy tales4 ,see how closely ,peter ,klaus is like our own story of ,rip ,van ,winkle4 ,read ,stories of the ,rhine ,gold1 by ,anna ,a4 ,chapin1 and the best known stories from ,grimm1 especially ,rumpelztiltskin1 ,hansel and ,gretel and ,snow ,white and ,rose ,red4 ,,ix--,,folk-,,lore ,,of ,,england ,all parts of ,england are rich in folk-tales1 festival customs and legends1 and various shires have preserved in book form those which are peculiar to them4 ,in rhymes and jingles1 nicknames1 proverbs1 riddles and nursery tales we find traces of very early tradition4 ,frazer's ,golden ,bough speaks of ,may ,day customs1 ,maypole dances1 keeping ,st4 ,john's ,eve and ,midsummer ,day1 as survivals of religious festivals of great importance4 ,the hero stories1 especially those of ,king ,arthur and his knights1 are unusually well developed and beautiful4 ,english fairies are most human and charming4 ,shakespeare is rich in allusion to them2 read on this point ,shakespeare's ,puck and ,his ,folk ,lore1 by ,william ,bell1 and parts of ,midsummer ,night's ,dream4 ,in ,andrew ,lang's ,blue ,fairy ,book all the delightful old fairy stories are preserved2 read ,beauty and the ,beast1 ,little ,red ,ridinghood1 ,cinderella1 and ,jack the ,giant ,killer4 ,notice how several of these stories are considered by some students as nature myths4 ,read ,kipling's ,puck o' ,pook's ,hill1 the modern fairy story1 and contrast with those of older date4 ,x--,,american ,,folk-,,lore ,the negroes of the ,south have a complex set of stories of their own1 some with the mark of their savage ancestors on them--as is shown in their fetishism1 voodoo1 magic and ghosts--and others which are full of a quaint humor4 ,most of the latter are in the form of animal stories1 and have been gathered together by ,joel ,chandler ,harris4 ,read from ,nights with ,uncle ,remus1 and see how each of the animals mentioned has its peculiar characteristic1 and how the rabbit1 who always represents the colored man1 outwits the white man by his cunning4 ,clubs should make a point of reproducing some of the old negro folk songs4 ,the ,indians have many myths and legends1 which vary in different tribes and localities4 ,the people of ,alaska have legends quite unlike those of the ,mission ,indians of ,california or the ,zuni tribes of ,new ,mexico4 ,in the north1 cold1 devils1 fighting and struggles with animals predominate2 in the south there is more of the spirit of harvest1 of festival and brightness4 ,the scenes of the legends in general are laid in wigwams and deal with feasts1 love-making1 and battles with enemies4 ,there are also many legends about trees1 bees1 birds1 and fish4 ,the original myths of light and darkness1 flood1 and other phenomena also recur4 ,read ,indian ,story and ,song1 by ,alice ,c4 ,fletcher1 and ,f4 ,h4 ,cushing's ,zuni ,folk ,tales4 ,,folk-,,lore ,,in ,,other ,,lands ,in addition to the topics suggested1 clubs should study more briefly than these the tales of other lands4 ,japan has a delightful set of tales1 turning largely on animals1 flowers and spirits4 ,read ,ancient ,tales and ,folk-,lore of ,japan1 by ,r4 ,g4 ,smith4 ,follow with the legends of ,china and ,corea1 both collected1 full of originality and interest1 with heroes and nature myths4 ,hawaii has much local color in her folk-tales1 for volcanic fire often appears4 ,see ,hawaiian ,folk-,lore by ,t4 ,g4 ,thrum4 ,the myths of ,egypt have recently been collected and are quite unlike those of other lands4 ,they are divided into three groups1 one dealing with the earliest times when simple nature myths occur2 the second1 when ,egypt developed1 and stories of town and country appear2 in the third the stories deal with strangers1 ships and sailors4 ,crocodiles play an important part1 and the atmosphere of heat is always noticeable4 ,in modern ,europe the stories of ,spain and ,italy and also of ,roumania are to be studied1 the latter in the collections made by ,carmen ,sylva1 the queen4 ,add to these the subject of gipsy lore1 from the book called ,gipsy ,folk-,tales1 by ,f4 ,h4 ,groome4 ,the subject of superstitions may follow the topics suggested1 and ghosts1 reappearances of all kinds1 and haunted houses will prove a wide field4 ,hero stories in all lands is also a delightful division of the general subject4 ,the legends of ,havelock the ,dane1 of ,siegfried1 of ,roland1 and ,arthur put them in the class known as the ,fatal ,children1 or those whose innate greatness no earthly obstacle can withstand4 ,see ,heroes of ,myth1 by ,lillian ,l4 ,price and ,chas4 ,b4 ,gilbert4 ,one more important and curious topic is that of ,were ,wolves and ,swan ,maidens1 as it is called1 or the inhabiting of animal bodies by human souls1 which is one of the constantly recurring legends in all lands4 ,the rescuing of the imprisoned spirit has led to innumerable stories4 ,the myths concerning the ascent of souls to ,heaven is most interesting1 and the legends of the ,milky ,way and the ,rainbow ,bridge are poetic and lovely4 ,the story of ,jack and the ,bean ,stalk is considered to belong to the general group4 ,if there is time1 have one meeting on the subjects of dwarfs alone4 ,note the differences between black1 brown1 and white dwarfs1 and trolls1 elves1 pixies1 kobolds1 brownies1 and goblins4 ,see how closely all are related to the life of man4 ,contrast their cleverness with the invariable stupidity of giants4 ,in addition to these topics clubs will find the folk-lore of the ,australians1 the islanders everywhere1 and of savage races1 full of interest4 ,a book just published1 called ,the ,fetich ,folk of ,west ,africa1 by ,r4 ,h4 ,milligan1 bears on the last point4 ,the subject of myths and legends will be found of far greater interest if each topic is illustrated by pictures4 ,there are many fairy books for children for which artists have made beautiful drawings1 and some especially lovely1 in colors4 ,in studying the ,hero stories1 get reproductions of famous pictures of the ,rhine1 legends1 and look up ,abbey's pictures of ,arthur and his knights4 ,clubs composed of mothers and teachers may take up the subject of telling fairy stories to children2 which ones to tell and which to omit1 and how to tell them4 ,hero stories are always interesting to growing boys1 and teachers can suggest to them which are the wisest to choose4 ,instead of reading stories and legends at every club meeting it is well to have them told by some one skilful in the art4 ,clubs which wish to study the general subject of folk-lore in a serious way will find the topic of comparative religions most interesting and valuable2 scholars are everywhere taking it up1 and there are many books upon it1 notably ,frazer's ,golden ,bough1 already suggested under another head4 ,the folk-lore of the ancient ,hebrews can be either taken separately or as a part of this subject2 the old hero myths of the ,bible1 of ,samson especially1 will be found delightful4 ,,chapter ,,vi ,a ,,trip ,,through ,,the ,,british ,,isles ,i--,,new ,,york ,,to ,,london #a4 ,leaving ,new ,york--,the docks1 the harbor1 description of the steamer2 life on the ocean4 #b4 ,the ,landing3 ,liverpool--,the new docks2 the art gallery4 #c4 ,on the ,way to ,london--,the ,northwestern ,railway2 ,english railway-cars2 ,english traveling companions2 the countryside4 #d4 ,the ,first ,stop3 ,rugby--,english ,inns2 ,thomas ,arnold and ,rugby ,school4 ,brief reading from ,tom ,brown's ,school ,days4 #e4 ,arriving in ,london--,the ,london cab2 the motor-bus2 the ,london lodging-house2 ,english and ,american comfort4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,john ,c4 ,van ,dyke3 ,the ,opal ,sea4 ,hare3 ,walks in ,london4 ,e4 ,v4 ,lucas3 ,the ,friendly ,town4 ,hawthorne3 ,english ,note-,books4 ,william ,winter3 ,grey ,days and ,gold4 ,by stopping in ,liverpool a few days1 there are several delightful side-trips possible3 one to ,chester1 to see the cathedral1 the ,roman ruins1 the famous walls1 and the ,rows2 another to ,hawarden1 the home of ,gladstone1 and a third to ,eaton ,hall1 the seat of the ,duke of ,westminster4 ,by going to ,london by the ,midland1 one passes through the ,peak country2 look up beautiful ,haddon ,hall and ,chatsworth2 read the ,story of ,dorothy ,vernon and ,scott's ,peveril of the ,peak4 ,going by the ,great ,northern1 one can see the famous ,five ,dukeries1 and pass through ,sherwood ,forest2 read of the latter from ,ivanhoe4 ,,ii--,,london #a4 ,the ,largest ,city in the ,world--,study of its map4 ,statistics4 ,modern improvements4 ,charities4 ,government 7the county council2 the ,lord ,mayor and aldermen74 #b4 ,the ,history of ,london--,the ancient ,britons and their pile dwellings4 ,coming of the ,romans4 ,the days of ,alfred4 ,norman ,london4 ,under the ,tudors4 ,the ,great ,fire and the changes it made4 #c4 ,survivals of ,old ,london--,fragments of the ,roman wall4 ,the ,hall of ,william ,rufus4 ,the ,tower and its church4 ,the ,abbey4 ,readings from ,the ,spectator and ,washington ,irving's ,sketch-,book1 describing the ,abbey4 ,coronations1 including a brief description of that of ,george ,v4 #d4 ,modern ,london--,buckingham ,palace and its history4 ,the ,houses of ,parliament and their decoration4 ,art galleries and museums and their most remarkable contents4 ,st4 ,paul's4 ,westminster ,cathedral4 ,the homes of the nobility4 #e4 ,literary ,landmarks of ,london--,grub ,street4 ,the ,cheshire ,cheese and the ,kit-,kat ,club4 ,dickens's ,london4 ,residences of literary people4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,hare3 ,walks in ,london4 ,besant3 ,london 7also his books about the several sections74 ,hutton3 ,literary ,landmarks of ,london4 ,singleton3 ,london as ,seen and ,described by ,famous ,writers4 ,e4 ,v4 ,lucas3 ,the ,friendly ,town4 ,an attractive discussion may follow these topics on such themes as the modern housing problems of ,london1 and the transportation of the city 7trams1 tubes1 motor-buses74 ,compare the hotels and restaurants with those of ,new ,york4 ,shopping4 ,social settlements1 especially ,toynbee ,hall4 ,the fashionable residence district4 ,london ,bridge by day and by night4 ,the ,london pageant of #aiaa4 ,,iii--,,the ,,great ,,cathedrals #a4 ,canterbury--,description of the town4 ,st4 ,martin's1 the ,mother ,church of ,england4 ,monastery of ,st4 ,augustine4 ,architecture of the cathedral1 and periods represented4 ,great events connected with its history4 ,story of ,thomas a ,becket4 #b4 ,winchester1 ,salisbury1 and ,wells--,the ancient town of ,winchester and its place in ,english history4 ,caskets of the ,danish kings4 ,the glass4 ,graves of ,jane ,austen and ,izaak ,walton4 ,salisbury3 the most symmetrical of the cathedrals4 ,the cloister4 ,wells3 the moated palace of the bishops2 the vicar's close2 the chapter-house staircase4 #c4 ,ely and ,peterborough--,ely3 the fens4 ,story of ,king ,canute4 ,the military architecture4 ,peterborough3 the screen of the west front2 the painted wood ceiling2 the grave of ,queen ,catharine of ,aragon1 and the former grave of ,mary ,queen of ,scots4 #d4 ,lincoln and ,lichfield--,lincoln3 the bishop's eye1 and the dean's eye2 site of the shrine of ,little ,hugh of ,lincoln2 old houses around the close4 ,lichfield3 symmetry2 monuments of ,lady ,mary ,wortley ,montagu1 ,samuel ,johnson1 and ,garrick4 ,johnson's connection with ,lichfield4 ,the ,grammar-,school4 #e4 ,york and ,durham--,york3 the old city and its walls2 the ,five ,sisters window2 the military monuments2 the famous chapter-house2 the crypt2 the horn of ,ulphus4 ,durham3 story of the monks of ,lindisfarne and ,st4 ,cuthbert2 the dun cow2 the prince bishops2 the ,norman pillars2 the ,galilee1 and the grave of ,the ,venerable ,bede2 the knocker4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,van ,rensselaer3 ,english ,cathedrals4 ,pratt3 ,cathedral ,churches of ,england4 ,singleton3 ,famous ,cathedrals as ,seen and ,described by ,great ,writers4 ,if time permits1 this program should occupy two meetings at least4 ,to the great cathedrals given may be added the smaller ones1 ,chichester1 ,gloucester1 ,worcester1 ,chester1 ,exeter1 ,ripon and ,carlisle4 ,to the excursion to ,wells add a side-trip to ,glastonbury1 the home of the ,arthurian legends4 ,at ,winchester visit the ,hospital of ,st4 ,cross and the famous school4 ,at ,canterbury read from ,david ,copperfield4 ,,iv--,,oxford ,,and ,,cambridge #a4 ,oxford3 the ,city--,the ,cherwell and the ,isis4 ,the castle4 ,carfax4 ,the martyrs and their monument4 ,the cathedral4 ,trips to ,iffley1 ,blenheim1 ,woodstock1 and ,gaunt ,house4 #b4 ,oxford3 the ,colleges--,origin and constitution of university4 ,new ,college3 ,william of ,wykeham's ,tower and ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds's window2 ,christ ,church3 ,cardinal ,wolsey1 the great bell1 the hall and staircase2 ,magdalen ,college3 the ,founder's ,tower1 the deer park1 ,addison's ,walk1 the outdoor pulpit2 ,balliol ,college3 ,john ,balliol1 ,king of ,scotland1 ,wiclif1 ,jowett4 #c4 ,oxford3 in ,english ,history and ,literature--,the monks2 the ,empress ,matilda2 ,charles ,i42 the ,oxford ,movement4 ,famous authors educated at ,oxford3 ,ben ,jonson1 ,sidney1 ,locke1 ,jeremy ,taylor1 ,ruskin1 ,matthew ,arnold1 ,swinburne1 ,pater4 ,books describing life in college at ,oxford3 ,verdant ,green1 ,hard ,cash1 ,tom ,brown at ,oxford4 ,readings about ,oxford from ,matthew ,arnold1 ,andrew ,lang1 and ,bagehot4 #d4 ,cambridge3 the ,city and the ,colleges--,the round ,norman church2 the ,cam and the ,backs4 ,pembroke ,college3 ,edmund ,spenser's mulberry-tree2 ,queen's3 the bridge2 ,king's3 ,henry ,seventh's chapel2 ,trinity3 ,wren's library1 ,milton manuscript2 ,st4 ,john's3 the garden2 ,magdalen3 the ,pepys library2 ,emmanuel3 the ,puritans' college1 ,john ,harvard4 #e4 ,cambridge and the ,intellectual ,life of ,england--,government and ,science3 ,bacon1 ,newton1 ,harvey1 ,darwin1 ,thurlow1 ,palmerston4 ,letters3 ,ascham1 ,marlowe1 ,crashaw1 ,dryden1 ,gray1 ,coleridge1 ,wordsworth1 ,byron1 ,thackeray1 ,tennyson4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,andrew ,lang3 ,oxford4 ,edwards3 ,oxford ,painted by ,john ,fulleylove4 ,atkinson3 ,cambridge ,described and ,illustrated4 ,stubbs3 ,the ,history of ,cambridge4 ,read especially the famous passage from the preface to ,matthew ,arnold's ,essays in ,criticism1 concerning ,oxford4 ,show a photograph of the beautiful memorial of ,shelley and one of ,holman ,hunt's picture called1 ,the ,light of the ,world4 ,tell of the ,bodleian ,library and the ,sheldonian ,theater4 ,read ,o4 ,w4 ,holmes's account of the granting of degrees4 ,under ,cambridge1 notice ,king's ,college chapel and compare the ceiling with that of ,henry ,seventh's chapel in ,westminster ,abbey1 built at the same time4 ,give a brief paper on ,girton and ,newnham ,colleges for women4 ,v--,,the ,,lake ,,country #a4 ,introductory ,paper--,general description of ,westmoreland and ,cumberland ,counties4 ,the sixteen lakes1 including ,windermere1 ,ullswater1 ,coniston1 and ,derwentwater4 ,history of the region4 #b4 ,windermere and ,its ,neighborhood--,bowness and its church4 ,the steamer trip4 ,elleray and ,christopher ,north4 ,hawkshead and the ,wordsworth ,grammar-,school4 ,coniston4 ,brantwood and ,ruskin4 ,the ,duddon ,valley4 #c4 ,ambleside1 ,grasmere1 and ,keswick--,coaching4 ,dove's ,nest4 ,fox ,how1 the home of ,thomas ,arnold4 ,rydal ,mount4 ,nab ,cottage and ,hartley ,coleridge4 ,grasmere ,church and ,wordsworth grave and monument4 ,keswick and the home of ,southey1 ,greta ,hall4 ,crosthwaite ,church and ,southey's tomb4 ,derwentwater and the ,friar's ,crag4 ,the ,falls of ,lodore4 #d4 ,the ,lake ,school of ,poets--,wordsworth1 ,southey1 and ,coleridge4 ,readings from ,wordsworth's ,excursion and his sonnets4 ,reading from ,southey's ,lodore4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,eric ,robertson3 ,wordsworthshire4 ,rawnsley3 ,life and ,nature at the ,english ,lakes 7also several other books by the same author74 ,knight3 ,the ,english ,lake ,district as ,interpreted in the ,poems of ,wordsworth4 ,a4 ,g4 ,bradley 7and ,pennell73 ,highways and ,byways in the ,lake ,district4 ,palmer3 ,the ,english ,lakes4 ,if possible1 have a talk on ,dorothy ,wordsworth and the home life of brother and sister4 ,mention some of their visitors1 among them ,charles ,lamb1 the friend of the three ,lake ,poets4 ,read ,wordsworth's poem about his wife3 ,she was a ,phantom of ,delight4 ,the connection of the ,arnolds1 ,thomas and ,matthew1 with the lake country is full of interest1 as well as that of ,harriet ,martineau4 ,refer also to ,arthur ,hugh ,clough1 who lived here for a time4 ,the schools founded by ,ruskin are worth study1 where the plowboys learned to make beautiful pottery1 and the farmers' daughters1 embroidery4 ,,vi--,,the ,,shakespeare ,,country #a4 ,stratford on ,avon--,shakespeare's birthplace2 the signatures of famous people on the walls2 the museum1 the garden4 ,the ,grammar-,school4 ,new ,place and the ,mulberry-,tree4 ,the church and the tomb of ,shakespeare1 with its inscription4 ,the river ,avon4 #b4 ,around ,stratford--,shottery and the home of ,ann ,hathaway4 ,charlcote and the deer-park4 ,the ,elizabethan mansion and the church of ,hampton ,lucy4 #c4 ,kenilworth--,the famous revels prepared for ,queen ,elizabeth by the ,earl of ,leicester in #aegd4 ,shakespeare's relation to the ,queen and the court4 ,were any plays written at her suggestion8 ,the present ruins of ,kenilworth and ,amy ,robsart's tower4 #d4 ,warwick--,the castle and its treasures and history4 ,leycester ,hospital4 ,the ,church of ,saint ,mary with the tomb of the great ,earl of ,leicester4 ,guy's ,cliff4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,william ,winter3 ,shakespeare's ,england4 ,goadby3 ,the ,england of ,shakespeare4 ,leyland3 ,the ,shakespeare ,country ,illustrated4 ,turner3 ,shakespeare's ,land4 ,the country about ,stratford is constantly referred to in the plays of ,shakespeare4 ,in ,henry ,,iv41 ,the ,taming of the ,shrew1 and ,the ,merry ,wives of ,windsor there are numerous passages which touch it4 ,the ,forest of ,arden is deserving of a side-trip1 and on the way travelers watch for the wild thyme1 the primroses1 the violets1 and other flowers mentioned by ,shakespeare4 ,there may be a little tour to ,coventry1 the quaint old town associated with the story of ,lady ,godiva4 ,photographs for illustrating the ,shakespeare country are abundant and beautiful1 and are easily obtained4 ,,vii--,,scotland 7,,part ,i7 #a4 ,edinburgh--,general appearance of the city4 ,the old town and the new4 ,the castle4 ,saint ,giles's4 ,the ,knox house4 ,holyrood4 ,the ,tolbooth4 ,the wynds4 ,the ,canongate4 ,grey ,friars4 ,the ,scott monument4 ,the university4 #b4 ,through the ,lakes and the ,trossachs to ,glasgow--,railway1 steamer1 and coach4 ,stirling3 the castle1 field of ,bannockburn1 the ,wallace monument4 ,the ,trossachs4 ,loch ,katrine and ,ellen's ,isle 7see ,the ,lady of the ,lake74 ,loch ,lomond and ,ben ,lomond4 ,glasgow3 the cathedral1 the university4 ,the ,clyde4 ,reading from ,the ,lady of the ,lake4 #c4 ,the ,land of ,burns--,ayr3 the ,auld ,brig and the ,new ,brig1 ,burns's cottage1 the ,brig o' ,doon1 ,auld ,alloway ,kirk4 ,the ,burns monument4 ,dumfries3 ,burns's house 7where he died71 his grave and monument4 ,reading of ,tam o' ,shanter4 #d4 ,scott's ,country--,abbotsford4 ,melrose4 ,dryburgh4 ,reading from ,washington ,irving's account of his visit to ,abbotsford1 and the account of ,scott's funeral in ,lockhart's ,life of ,scott4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,william ,winter3 ,over the ,border4 ,hunnewell3 ,lands of ,scott4 ,crockett3 ,in the ,border ,country4 ,crockett3 ,the ,scott ,country4 ,sir ,h4 ,e4 ,maxwell3 ,the ,story of the ,tweed4 ,a day's coaching-trip from ,edinburgh takes one to the beautiful little chapel of ,roslin with its ',prentice ,pillar1 and to ,hawthornden1 the glen where ,drummond1 the ,elizabethan poet1 lived4 ,a second excursion may be made to the old university town of ,saint ,andrews1 with its castle 7a ruin7 and the bottle dungeon1 and also the famous golf-links4 ,a trip may be taken to the seaside town of ,newhaven1 to see the fish-wives in their quaint costumes4 ,,viii--,,scotland 7,,part ,,ii7 #a4 ,perth and ,aberdeen--,perth3 ,st4 ,john's ,church4 ,site of the convent and the story of ,the ,king's ,tragedy 7see ,rossetti74 ,reading from ,scott's ,fair ,maid of ,perth4 ,balmoral3 ,reading from ,queen ,victoria's ,journal in the ,highlands4 ,aberdeen3 ,history4 ,the granite works4 ,the ,cathedral of ,st4 ,machar4 ,the university 7,king's ,college74 ,bridge of ,don 7#acbj74 #b4 ,oban--,the ,charing ,cross of the ,highlands4 ,the ,island of ,mull4 ,staffa 7,island of ,pillars7 and ,fingal's ,cave4 ,iona4 ,st4 ,columba's church4 ,story of his life4 ,reading from ,bede's ,ecclesiastical ,history4 ,the ,celtic crosses4 #c4 ,the ,caledonian ,canal--,start from ,oban4 ,glencoe and the story of its massacre4 ,ossian's cave4 ,ben ,nevis 7highest mountain in ,great ,britain74 ,invergarry ,castle4 ,fall of ,foyers4 #d4 ,skye and the ,islands--,reading from ,william ,black's ,a ,princess of ,thule2 also1 from ,scott's ,pirate4 ,the ,orkney ,islands4 ,sea fowl4 ,fisheries4 ,the ,shetland ,islands4 ,story of ,harold ,haarfagr4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,james ,boswell3 ,journal of a ,tour to the ,hebrides4 ,r4 ,b4 ,moncrieff3 ,highlands and ,islands of ,scotland4 ,archibald ,mac,millan3 ,iona4 ,george ,birkbeck ,hill3 ,footsteps of ,dr4 ,johnson4 ,introduce in this program the ballads of the ,scottish ,highlands1 either read or sung4 ,the origin of the tartans used by the different clans is interesting1 especially if illustrated with colored reproductions4 ,the unique ,highland costume for men may be described or represented4 ,the bagpipes should be noticed2 their peculiar music and their historic use4 ,,ix--,,wales #a4 ,history--,the ,romans and their remains4 ,offa's ,dyke4 ,the ,normans and their buildings4 ,griffith ap ,rhyl4 ,llewlyn the ,great4 ,owen ,glendower's revolt4 ,origin of the ,tudor kings in ,wales4 ,the story of the ,princes of ,wales4 #b4 ,the ,country and the ,people--,wildness and grandeur4 ,llandudno1 ,llangollen1 ,bettws-y-,coed1 ,snowdon4 ,show photographs of the most famous places4 ,the ,celts and their languages4 ,national customs of the ,welsh3 the eisteddfod4 #c4 ,churches and ,castles--,wrexham ,church and the tomb of ,elihu ,yale4 ,valle ,crucis ,abbey4 ,truro4 ,st4 ,asaph's ,cathedral1 the smallest in the kingdom1 and the grave of ,mrs4 ,hemans4 ,llandaff ,cathedral4 ,cardiff ,castle4 ,beaumaris4 ,hawarden ,church1 in the grounds of ,gladstone's estate4 ,pembroke1 the birthplace of ,henry ,,vii4 ,bangor4 ,denbigh4 ,conway4 ,carnarvon1 the birthplace of the first ,prince of ,wales4 ,harlech4 ,powys4 #d4 ,literature--,giraldus ,cambrensis4 ,the ,arthurian ,legends4 ,the ,mabinogion4 ,celtic ,folk-lore4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,e4 ,thomas and ,r4 ,fowler3 ,beautiful ,wales4 ,a4 ,g4 ,bradley3 ,highways and ,byways in ,wales4 ,w4 ,j4 ,griffith3 ,short ,analysis of ,welsh ,history 7,temple ,primers74 ,george ,borrow3 ,wild ,wales4 ,j4 ,b4 ,john3 ,the ,mabinogion4 ,welsh music should have some place in the program4 ,great choruses of singers have traveled in ,america1 and may have been heard by some of the club members4 ,the best-known song is the stirring ,march of the ,men of ,harlech4 ,an interesting paper may be prepared on the relation existing between ,tennyson's ,idyls of the ,king and the ,welsh legends4 ,x--,,ireland #a4 ,the ,history--,the ,celts3 their characteristics1 customs1 and folk-lore4 ,the ,irish kings4 ,st4 ,columba and ,st4 ,patrick4 ,the conquest4 ,the question of home rule4 #b4 ,belfast1 the ,city of the ,north--,differences between the people of the north and those of the south4 ,protestants and ,catholics4 ,ship-building and the linen industry4 ,dimensions of some of the recently made ships4 ,the ,giant's ,causeway4 #c4 ,dublin--,the government buildings4 ,phoenix ,park and its history4 ,the cathedral and ,dean ,swift4 ,excursions in the neighborhood4 #d4 ,cork and the ,south--,the city and its characteristics4 ,the ,gap of ,dunloe4 ,the ,lakes of ,killarney4 ,blarney ,castle4 ,show photographs4 #e4 ,irish ,literature--,ancient4 ,readings from the publications of the ,irish ,text ,society4 ,oratory4 ,sheridan1 ,burke1 ,grattan1 ,o',connell4 ,folk-tales and folk-songs4 ,see volume x4 of ,morris's ,irish ,literature4 ,novels3 ,lover1 ,edgeworth1 ,lever1 ,william ,carleton4 ,readings4 ,the ,new ,irish ,theater3 ,yeats1 ,synge1 ,lady ,gregory4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,mrs4 ,alice ,s4 ,a4 ,green3 ,irish ,nationality4 ,j4 ,p4 ,joyce3 ,the ,wonders of ,ireland4 ,w4 ,c4 ,o',donnell3 ,around the ,emerald ,isles4 ,f4 ,weitenkampf3 ,the ,irish ,literary ,revival4 ,to vary this program1 illustrate with scenes from ,sheridan's ,school for ,scandal1 and ,the ,rivals1 in costume4 ,have ,moore's ballads sung3 ,oft in the ,stilly ,night1 ,those ,evening ,bells1 ,the ,last ,rose of ,summer1 and ,the ,harp that ,once ,through ,tara's ,halls4 ,read from ,lever's ,charles ,o',malley and from ,burke's speech on the impeachment of ,warren ,hastings4 ,clever ,irish stories and famous bulls might be given to close the hour4 ,,chapter ,,vii ,,the ,,opera ,,introductory ,it is part of a liberal education to be more or less acquainted with the lives of our great composers and the operas they wrote2 and the subject is quite as interesting and practical for the women remote from musical centers as for those near them4 ,there are two books any club can own which are invaluable2 one is called ,the ,opera1 by ,r4 ,a4 ,streatfield1 which gives a sketch of each composer and an estimate of his work2 the other1 ,two ,hundred ,opera ,plots1 by ,gladys ,davidson tells the story of each opera4 ,in addition to these 7and of course whatever is to be found in a good encyclopedia7 the score of any opera can be bought at a music store1 and a pianist can illustrate a talk with leading airs2 or1 if practicable1 one of the modern musical machines can reproduce the voices of famous singers in their great parts4 ,i--,,rise ,,of ,,opera ,,in ,,italy ,the year's work should begin by one or more meetings on the ,rise of ,opera in ,italy in the latter part of the sixteenth century4 ,three little operas were written1 attempting to give the old ,greek dramas in a musical setting4 ,the first public performance of opera as we know it1 however1 was given by ,peri1 in ,florence1 with his ,euridice1 to honor the marriage of ,maria de' ,medici and ,henry ,,iv4 of ,france2 this was a sort of recitative1 set to the music of a violin1 a guitar1 and harpsichord4 ,peri was followed by ,monteverde1 but the latter's production of ,orfeo far surpassed the former's work on the same theme4 ,his orchestra had thirty-nine instruments1 and the effect of the whole was to open a new world of music4 ,at once opera-writing became the fashion1 and in fifty years all great ,italian cities had their schools of opera1 and ,france had adopted the same ideas4 ,the subjects of all were classical1 allegorical1 and pastoral1 and to the recitative1 alone1 were added songs and arias1 and the overture was developed4 ,some clubs might take for a year's work the subject of ,italy of this period1 adding the study of art and literature to that of music4 ,a good book to use is ,morton ,latham's ,renaissance of ,music4 ,,ii--,,three ,,great ,,composers ,at this point the history of opera divides1 and three great composers are to be noted4 ,clubs should have a paper on each1 the material drawn from the encyclopedia4 #a4 ,lulli1 though born in ,italy1 lived in ,paris2 he wrote twenty operas1 all of which were splendidly produced4 ,he used largely the form of recitative1 but developed the overture1 dividing it into a prelude1 a fugue1 and a dance4 #b4 ,humphreys1 an ,english composer1 was sent by ,charles ,,ii4 to ,france to study2 on his return he had for his pupil ,henry ,purcell1 still considered the greatest musical genius ,england has produced4 ,his ,dido and ,a,eneas is the first ,english opera4 #c4 ,the third great man of the time was ,handel1 who produced in ,hamburg the opera ,almira1 a mixture of ,german and ,italian ideas1 but made beautiful by the charming dance music scattered through it4 ,later he wrote ,rinaldo1 and it was brought out with overwhelming success4 ,clubs should give an entire meeting to ,handel4 ,many of his well-known oratorios have selections which are more familiar than any passages from his operas1 however1 notably the ,messiah and ,elijah4 ,,iii--,,the ,,classical ,,school ,after the death of ,lulli the ,french school followed him with little originality until1 in the eighteenth century1 ,rameau gave opera more rhythm and melody1 and added to the orchestration4 ,then ,gluck appeared1 studying first in ,italy1 where opera had degenerated2 he wrote ,piramo e ,tisbe1 which failed2 later he brought out ,orfeo ed ,euridice1 which at once made him famous4 ,the music is appropriate to the lofty and sad classical theme1 but is relieved with exquisite reproductions of bird and water music4 ,the whole is one of the great operas4 ,the great song is ,che faro senza ,euridice4 ,mozart1 though a ,german by birth1 was trained under ,italian influence4 ,his first opera was written when he was twelve years old1 and given in his native town4 ,his greatest work was ,don ,giovanni1 though his last1 ,the ,magic ,flute1 is best known4 ,but it was his influence over other musicians1 like that of ,rameau1 which was even more important than his own music4 ,mozart is one of the most delightful topics for club study4 ,his charming personality1 his friendships1 and his life-story are full of interest4 ,cherubini's work1 at first cold and formal1 developed into dignity and even grandeur4 ,his finest opera is ,medee1 although his one light opera1 ,the ,water ,carriers1 is also well known4 ,beethoven gave one famous opera to ,germany at this time1 his ,fidelio4 ,the music shows strongly the influence of ,mozart1 but it is original in form and beautiful in execution4 ,the ,fateful ,moment is a good selection to give4 ,,iv--,,the ,,romantic ,,school ,weber1 a ,german1 was the first to turn from the conventional type of opera-writing to the romantic4 ,to his solid foundation he added an exquisite1 imaginative glow4 ,after years of struggle he achieved success in his ,der ,freischuetz4 ,oberon1 his last work1 full of fairylike and charming music1 did not succeed4 ,in fact1 ,weber's greatest accomplishment was the inspiration he gave others1 like ,mozart and ,rameau4 ,the overtures to both operas should be given4 ,flotow1 a ,german by birth1 wrote distinctly ,italian music4 ,his one well-known opera1 ,martha1 still has a certain vogue1 though it is remembered more for its tuneful airs than for any real merit4 ,the ,spinning-,wheel ,song and the ,last ,rose of ,summer are familiar4 ,nicolai began his work by imitating ,italian music1 but later he became distinctly original and wrote a really excellent comic opera1 the ,merry ,wives of ,windsor1 which stands in the first rank4 ,schubert wrote many light operas of slight musical value1 and ,schumann one of more or less worth1 called ,genoveva4 ,opera-writing now became so popular everywhere that it is necessary to take it up in its different homes1 and to divide the work into that done in the earlier and later years4 ,the first is3 ,v--,,the ,,earlier ,,italian ,,school ,rossini1 born at the end of the eighteenth century1 knew little of technical methods1 so he followed his native genius4 ,his first great opera was ,tancredi1 and this was followed by others in a lighter vein1 notably the ,barber of ,seville1 bright and amusing1 and later ,william ,tell1 his finest work1 dignified and beautiful4 ,the overture to the last is one of his familiar melodies4 ,donizetti1 born in the same decade with ,rossini1 wrote sixty-five operas2 one of the best-known is ,lucia di ,lammermoor1 with its famous sextet4 ,lucrezia ,borgia1 probably his best work1 is but seldom given to-day1 but ,la ,fille du ,regiment1 a gay1 charming little opera1 is often presented4 ,bellini1 who comes a few years later than the last two composers1 wrote operas famous in their day4 ,i ,puritani1 ,la ,sonnambula1 and ,norma1 are all well known4 ,the solo1 ,hear ,me1 ,norma1 is especially familiar4 ,,vi--,,the ,,earlier ,,french ,,school ,meyerbeer1 born in #agia1 though of ,german birth1 spent most of his life in ,paris4 ,he wrote many excellent operas1 even though they were marred by sensationalism4 ,robert le ,diable1 ,l',africaine1 ,les ,huguenots1 and ,le ,prophete have all been often given by great singers4 ,les ,huguenots is considered ,meyerbeer's best work1 and the duet in the fourth act is of immense dramatic force4 ,in contrast with this composer stands ,berlioz1 born in #ahjc4 ,his work is serious1 with romantic and delicate touches4 ,he wrote ,the ,damnation of ,faust and ,benvenuto ,cellini1 but his great opera is ,les ,troyens1 though it is scarcely known to the public4 ,halevy belongs with ,meyerbeer1 for one reflected the other4 ,la ,juive appeared before ,les ,huguenots1 and the music of both has much in common4 ,just at this time light opera1 or opera comique1 found in ,auber its greatest composer4 ,he began to write late in life1 and his last opera1 ,the ,dream of ,love1 was produced when he was eighty-eight4 ,his music was full of gaiety and brightness4 ,fra ,diavolo and ,masaniello are familiar1 and the part of ,fenella in the latter has been taken by many famous dancers4 ,auber has many followers to-day1 notably ,offenbach1 whose ,tales of ,hoffman is well known4 ,,vii--,,wagner ,,and ,,his ,,school ,richard ,wagner1 born in #ahac1 is by far the most imposing and most interesting of all writers of opera4 ,his life and work deserve more than a passing paper1 and clubs are urged to make an entire year's study of them4 ,at twenty he wrote his first opera1 ,die ,feen1 rather a simple affair2 this was distinctly in the ,italian manner4 ,next he tried the ,french method1 and wrote ,rienzi1 with an excellent libretto but showy music4 ,later1 in poverty in ,paris1 he wrote ,the ,flying ,dutchman1 a picturesque piece of music with beautiful chorus work4 ,after this came the first of his great operas1 ,tannhauser1 the story of the struggle of a soul between good and evil4 ,this contains two famous passages1 the ,pilgrims' ,chorus and the exquisite song to the ,evening ,star4 ,it is in this opera that there first appears ,wagner's distinctive method1 the use of the ,leit-motif1 or guiding-theme1 which associates one strain or one set of instruments with one character4 ,this idea had been slightly used by ,gluck1 but ,wagner developed it4 ,five years later came ,lohengrin1 not as strong a piece of work as its predecessor1 though the prelude is acknowledged to be one of his most poetic conceptions4 ,none of ,wagner's work was successful1 however2 and after this point he relinquished the hope of popularity1 and determined to write only what seemed to him great music4 ,in this lofty spirit he planned ,der ,ring des ,nibelungen4 ,his subject was taken from the old ,norse mythology1 the myths altered to suit his purpose4 ,the whole work is in five parts3 the ,ring1 the ,rheingold1 the ,walkuere1 ,siegfried1 and the ,twilight of the ,gods4 ,the plots of these should be read1 and such music heard as can be obtained4 ,then came ,tristan and ,isolde1 called the ,romeo and ,juliet of music1 and after it1 strangely enough1 followed a light opera1 ,die ,meistersinger1 at once a success2 and last1 what is considered his greatest work1 ,parsifal1 which he called a ,sacred ,festival ,drama rather than an opera4 ,in this he returns to the theme he used in ,lohengrin--the ,holy ,grail4 ,the wonderful and touching mystical music must be heard to be appreciated4 ,for years it has been given at ,bayreuth1 and musicians from all over the world have gathered to hear it4 ,it is only of late that it has been produced elsewhere4 ,wagner's life-work was to alter the whole course of modern opera and give it new dignity and power4 ,,viii--,,the ,,french ,,school ,,of ,,to-,,day ,gounod1 born in #ahah1 is the greatest composer of ,french opera of modern times4 ,his masterpiece is ,faust1 with its familiar ,jewel ,song2 his second best work is ,romeo and ,juliet4 ,thomas1 the writer of ,mignon1 full of melody1 and ,hamlet1 with its brilliant and powerful music1 is distinctly a follower of ,gounod4 ,bizet shows in his ,carmen the influence of ,wagner2 the ,toreador strain is its guiding-theme4 ,his work was to raise light opera to almost the dignity of grand4 ,saint-,saens has one well-known work1 ,samson and ,delilah1 somewhat suggestive of oratorio4 ,massenet1 who died but lately1 was full of originality4 ,his operas1 ,the ,cid1 ,le ,jongleur de ,notre-,dame1 ,manon1 and ,thais1 are all to be seen on the modern stage4 ,charpentier in ,louise has also struck an original note1 and his orchestration is considered unique4 ,debussy has written ,pelleas and ,melisande1 a new opera of great interest4 ,delibes has one charming opera1 ,lakme1 founded on the love of a ,hindu girl for an ,english officer4 ,,ix--,,the ,,later ,,italian ,,school ,verdi1 born in #ahci and dying only recently1 is the master of the modern ,italian composers4 ,ernani is typical of his first style1 and was immensely popular4 ,later he wrote ,la ,traviata1 ,rigoletto1 ,il ,trovatore1 and ,aida4 ,when ,verdi was an old man he wrote ,otello1 called his greatest work4 ,this was followed by ,falstaff1 full of bright fun4 ,verdi's genius inspired many other musicians4 ,of them all ,ponchielli owed him most2 his best opera is ,la ,gioconda4 ,puccini1 a living composer1 also owes much to ,verdi2 his ,manon ,lescaut1 ,la ,boheme1 ,madame ,butterfly1 and ,the ,girl of the ,golden ,west prove his great promise4 ,mascagni is associated with one opera only1 the ,cavalleria ,rusticana1 with its intermezzo which gave it popularity4 ,his later work is distinctly second rate4 ,leoncavallo has followed ,mascagni somewhat4 ,his ,i ,pagliacci is his best-known opera4 ,x--,,composers ,,of ,,modern ,,germany ,,and ,,northern ,,europe ,almost all ,germans follow ,wagner to-day1 but ,goldmark in his ,queen of ,sheba shows independence1 especially in his orchestration4 ,humperdinck's lovely ,hansel and ,gretel has given him a place of importance4 ,the ,bohemian1 ,smetana1 who wrote ,the ,bartered ,bride cleverly used his national airs1 and this and his other operas are typical of his country4 ,glinka1 born in #ahjh1 founded the ,russian school2 his fine opera ,a ,life for the ,czar is well known4 ,richard ,strauss1 a follower of ,wagner1 is the composer of ,salome and ,elektra2 the music is rich and complicated1 and his talent unquestioned4 ,in ,england1 ,balfe1 born in #ahjh1 wrote several operas1 the best known the ,bohemian ,girl1 with its familiar airs4 ,since his day there has been little serious work done1 but light opera1 notably ,sullivan's ,pinafore1 the ,mikado1 and others have had great success4 ,in ,america we have ,horatio ,parker1 with his recent ,mona1 a production full of originality1 if one not yet popular2 ,reginald ,de ,koven1 who wrote the excellent ,robin ,hood1 and ,victor ,herbert1 the author of lighter works4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in addition to using this resume of opera1 clubs should make out programs on popular topics2 or there may be one topic used to close each program4 ,subsidizing the opera3 shall this be done by the state1 as in ,germany2 or by individuals1 as in ,new ,york8 ,cheap opera3 is it possible for us to-day8 ,how is it managed in ,germany and ,italy8 ,what is the expense of opera in ,new ,york1 in great salaries1 scenery1 costumes1 etc48 ,give an idea of some famous opera-houses in ,paris1 ,st4 ,petersburg1 ,berlin1 ,milan1 ,buenos ,ayres1 and elsewhere1 illustrating with photographs4 ,tell of great opera-singers and their careers2 mention ,patti1 ,christine ,nilsson1 ,calve1 the ,de ,reszkes1 ,caruso1 and others2 have records of such voices1 if possible4 ,discuss the opera music of to-day3 ,is it on the whole melodious1 or is there a tendency to return to the old style recitative8 ,are the airs as marked as those of a decade ago8 ,,chapter ,,viii ,,the ,,world',s ,,great ,,painters ,i--,,the ,,italians 7,,part ,i7 #a4 ,italy3 the ,birthplace of ,modern ,painting--,the influence of ,byzantium2 the intellectual awakening of ,europe2 the development of commerce4 #b4 ,the ,early ,painters--,cimabue1 ,giotto1 ,fra ,angelico1 ,botticelli4 #c4 ,art ,patrons of the ,renaissance--,lorenzo de' ,medici2 ,leo ,x4 ,leonardo da ,vinci3 ,the ,father of ,modern ,painting--,story of his life2 his versatility2 the ,last ,supper2 the ,mona ,lisa4 ,,reading from ,walter ,pater's ,essay on the ,renaissance4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,luebke3 ,history of ,art4 ,j4 ,a4 ,symonds3 ,the ,renaissance in ,italy4 ,vasari3 ,lives of the ,painters4 ,a brief introductory paper might take up the influence of ,roman classical literature and history on ,italian art1 and also the effect of ,greek culture after the ,crusades4 ,the childlike subjects and methods of the early painters are also of great interest1 and what they took from ,byzantine art1 and how they were influenced by the study of anatomy4 ,the luxury of the times and its demands for pictures and statues1 the influence of the extravagance of court life1 the ,popes as art patrons1 all can be discussed4 ,one entire paper might be given to ,st4 ,peter's at ,rome1 and another to ,da ,vinci's great picture ,mona ,lisa1 and what art critics have said of it4 ,see also ,ruskin's estimates of the ,primitives4 ,,ii--,,the ,,italians 7,,part ,,ii7 #a4 ,life of ,raphael--,his family and his father's influence2 change in his style through his instructors4 ,his patrons1 and what he did for them4 ,his personal disposition1 and its effect on his style4 #b4 ,raphael as a ,painter--,give the impressions of famous travelers1 authors and art critics4 ,where his paintings are1 their number1 their subjects4 ,the ,madonna1 his favorite subject4 ,various ways in which he treated it4 #c4 ,michelangelo--,the story of his life and training as a painter4 ,versatility 7as architect1 painter1 sculptor and poet74 ,brief description of his works and their location4 ,readings from his sonnets4 #d4 ,a ,comparison of ,raphael and ,michelangelo--,their relations in life1 their difference of temperament1 and the contrast in the spirit of their work4 #e4 ,titian--,history of his personal experience4 ,description of his most famous paintings4 ,his effect on the history of painting1 as a colorist4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,muentz3 ,raphael4 ,c4 ,c4 ,black3 ,michelangelo ,buonarotti4 ,crowe and ,cavalcaselle3 ,titian4 ,c4 ,c4 ,perkins3 ,raphael and ,michelangelo4 ,this program should be liberally illustrated with photographs2 if no others can be obtained1 the ,perry pictures will do excellently4 ,those who have been abroad may compare impressions of different painters1 and especially of the various ,madonnas painted by ,raphael4 ,pictures of the exterior and interior of the ,sistine ,chapel and of ,saint ,peter's should be shown1 with colored photographs of the frescoes on the walls and ceiling of the former4 ,,iii--,,spain #a4 ,early ,spanish ,painters--,murillo3 the artist of the church2 his ,madonnas4 ,ribera4 #b4 ,velazquez--,the artist of the crown2 influence on him of ,herrera and ,pacheco2 peculiarly ,spanish character2 his patron1 ,philip ,,iv42 the forty portraits of this king2 visit of the painter to ,italy2 mythological and religious pictures2 his ,christ on the ,cross4 #c4 ,recent ,spanish ,painters--,goya3 his portraits2 story of his quarrel with the ,duke of ,wellington4 ,fortuny3 influence upon him of ,meissonier2 small and motley figures4 ,zuloaga3 resemblance of style to ,goya4 ,sorolla y ,bastida3 painter of sunshine on figures2 pictures in the ,luxembourg and the ,metropolitan ,museum4 #d4 ,the ,madrid ,gallery--,the greatest picture-gallery of the world2 built for ,charles ,,iii4 ,collections of ,charles ,v41 ,philip ,,ii41 and ,philip ,,iv4 7#b1jjj pictures47 ,its paintings by ,titian1 ,raphael1 ,tintoretto1 ,velazquez1 ,van ,dyck1 ,rubens1 and ,teniers4 ,huge modern historical works like those at ,versailles4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,curtis3 ,velazquez and ,murillo4 ,armstrong3 ,life of ,velazquez4 ,stirling-,maxwell3 ,annals of the ,artists of ,spain4 ,temple3 ,modern ,spanish ,painting4 ,there were several great patrons of art in ,spain1 like ,charles ,v4 and ,philip ,,ii4 ,read of their relations to the painters and their work4 ,discuss the contribution of the ,spanish painters to realism4 ,how does ,velazquez compare with ,raphael8 ,analyze the peculiar contribution of ,sorolla to modern painting4 ,,iv--,,holland ,,and ,,belgium #a4 ,painters of ,interiors--,metsu1 ,van ,ostade1 ,jan ,steen1 ,wouvermans4 ,note the humor and satire in the painters of genre2 also1 their minutely careful method4 #b4 ,landscapes and ,marines--,cuyp1 ,ruysdael1 ,van der ,velde4 ,describe the characteristics of the ,dutch landscape4 ,show pictures of cattle combined with landscape4 #c4 ,figures--,hals1 ,van der ,heist1 ,van ,dyck1 ,rubens4 ,tell the story of ,van ,dyck and the ,english court1 and describe his pictures of ,king ,charles ,i4 ,note the huge canvases of ,rubens1 his high colors and his heavy figures4 ,mention the meeting of ,rubens and ,velazquez and its probable effect on the former4 ,notice the quantity of works attributed to ,rubens 7#a1cjj titles ,smith's catalogue71 and discuss the likelihood of his having produced all these without help4 #d4 ,rembrandt--,his history1 style 7light and shade71 and effect on painting4 ,describe the numerous portraits of himself and his wife4 ,note his work as an etcher4 ,description of the ,night ,watch4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,crowe and ,cavalcaselle3 ,early ,flemish ,paintings4 ,max ,rooses3 ,dutch ,painters of the ,nineteenth ,century4 ,malcolm ,bell3 ,rembrandt van ,rijn and ,his ,work4 ,e4 ,dillon3 ,rubens4 ,the ,dutch school was the pioneer of modern landscape-painting2 show its influence on ,constable and other ,english artists4 ,the ,dutch were faithful illustrators of peasant and burgher life1 and it is interesting to make a study of costume1 furniture1 and jewelry as shown by them4 ,take up the galleries of ,amsterdam1 ,the ,hague1 and ,antwerp1 and show photographs of ,van ,dyck's ,crucifixion1 and ,rembrandt's ,night ,watch4 ,at ,haarlem there is a small gallery noted for its paintings by ,franz ,hals1 particularly ,the ,syndics4 ,there is a small group of modern ,dutch painters deserving of notice3 ,mauve1 the two ,marises1 ,mesdag1 and ,israels4 ,v--,,france 7,,part ,i7 #a4 ,poussin and ,claude--,influence of ,domenichino on ,poussin4 ,relation to ,cardinal ,barberini4 ,richelieu and ,louis ,,xiii4 ,influence of ,poussin on landscape-painting4 ,claude's studies in ,italy4 ,late success4 ,mythological and ,scriptural subjects4 ,the ,liber ,veritatis4 ,ruskin's estimate4 ,comparison with ,turner in the ,national ,gallery1 ,london4 ,claude as an etcher4 ,hamerton's opinion of him4 #b4 ,court ,painters and ,others--,le,brun4 ,patronage of ,seguier4 ,work under ,louis ,,xiv4 and ,colbert at ,fontainebleau1 ,versailles1 and ,sceaux4 ,watteau1 peintre des ,fetes ,galantes4 ,artificial pastoral scenes4 ,reading from ,pater's ,a ,court ,painter4 ,chardin4 ,only painter of humble life of his time4 ,neglect then2 appreciation now4 ,why this change in opinion8 ,fragonard4 ,relation to ,chardin4 ,greuze4 ,names of some of his court beauties4 ,are they true to life8 #c4 ,david and ,ingres--,inspiration of the antique in ,david4 ,historical subjects4 ,napoleon pictures4 ,compare ,ingres with ,david4 #d4 ,delaroche1 ,gericault1 ,delacroix--,delaroche's loyalty to classic traditions of painting4 ,pictures at ,versailles4 ,gericault3 ,his pictures of nature and especially animals4 ,delacroix3 ,connection of the romantic movement in painting with that in literature4 ,effect of ,delacroix's influence on modern painting4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,sir ,edmund ,head3 ,handbook of the ,history of the ,spanish and ,french ,schools of ,painting4 ,lady ,dilke3 ,french ,painters of the ,eighteenth ,century4 ,staley3 ,watteau and ,his ,school4 ,turner and ,baker3 ,stories of the ,french ,artists4 ,have a paper on ,the ,influence of the ,french ,revolution on ,french ,art4 ,before that1 that artificial and frivolous spirit characterized the work of the painters as it did the life of the court1 for which they largely did their work4 ,note the many pictures illustrating the life of ,napoleon1 his battles1 and his victories2 ,versailles is full of them4 ,the enthusiasm of patriotism and the new national sense are shown in this reaction4 ,,vi--,,france 7,,part ,,ii7 #a4 ,the ,romanticists--,followers of ,delacroix4 ,their principles4 ,dupre1 ,isabey1 ,jacque1 ,corot1 ,daubigny4 ,story of ,corot's life4 ,coloration and style4 ,compare with ,constable4 #b4 ,the ,barbizon ,school--,description of life in the ,forest of ,fontainebleau4 ,millet4 ,country life4 ,poverty4 ,later appreciations4 ,the ,angelus4 ,pictures in the ,united ,states4 ,rousseau4 ,diaz4 ,cazin4 #c4 ,the ,impressionists--,manet1 ,monet1 ,degas1 ,raffaelli4 #d4 ,pictures of ,genre--,describe what is meant4 ,discuss the relative merits of pictures that tell a story and those that merely give an impression4 ,meissonier1 ,cabanel1 ,baudry1 ,rosa ,bonheur1 ,ziem1 ,bouguereau1 ,constant1 ,fromentin1 ,jules ,breton4 ,pictures by these painters in the ,united ,states4 #e4 ,painters of the ,open ,air--,the appreciation of atmosphere in ,french painting4 ,lepage1 ,roll1 ,dagnan-,bouveret4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,hourticq3 ,art in ,france4 ,theodore ,child3 ,some ,modern ,french ,painters4 ,j4 ,c4 ,van,dyke3 ,modern ,french ,masters4 ,d4 ,cady ,eaton3 ,handbook of ,modern ,french ,painting4 ,c4 ,sprague ,smith3 ,barbizon ,days4 ,the story of the life of the artist colony and their friends at ,barbizon would make a delightful paper4 ,material of an interesting sort may be found in ,a ,chronicle of ,friendships1 by ,will ,h4 ,low4 ,see also ,r4 ,l4 ,stevenson4 ,among the great decorative artists of our time is ,puvis de ,chavannes4 ,he has one well-known painting in the ,boston ,public ,library4 ,boutet de ,monvel1 the painter of children2 ,bonnat1 the portrait-painter2 and1 among the younger artists1 ,sisley may be mentioned4 ,illustrate with photographs of a ,corot landscape1 ,millet's ,angelus1 ,meissonier's #ahje1 ,rosa ,bonheur's ,horse ,fair1 ,jules ,breton's ,brittany ,pardon1 ,lepage's ,joan of ,arc1 and ,dagnan-,bouveret's ,madonna4 ,,vii--,,germany #a4 ,german ,school of the ,reformation ,period--,albrecht ,duerer3 ,nuremberg4 ,court painter to ,charles ,v4 ,lucas ,cranach3 ,court painter to three ,electors4 ,hans ,holbein3 ,augsburg4 ,court painter to ,henry ,,viii4 ,drawings at ,windsor4 #b4 ,munich ,school--,cornelius1 the founder4 ,study in ,rome4 ,brought to ,munich by ,king ,ludwig4 ,kaulbach 7his cartoons71 ,piloty1 ,defregger1 ,lenbach1 ,carl ,stuck1 ,plockhorst1 and ,gabriel ,max1 and the religious painters4 #c4 ,the ,duesseldorf ,school--,schadow1 the chief director4 ,in ,rome with ,cornelius4 ,huebner1 the two ,achenbachs1 ,carl ,mueller1 ,meyer von ,bremen4 ,pronounced sentimentalism4 #d4 ,the ,berlin ,school--,ludwig ,knaus1 head of the ,academy2 his ,holy ,family in the ,metropolitan ,museum4 ,menzel1 ,werner1 ,carl ,becker4 #e4 ,painters of ,to-day--,arnold von ,boecklin4 7,photographs47 ,fritz von ,uhde4 7,photographs47 ,realism and impressionism in ,germany4 ,influence of ,french art on ,germany of to-day4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,atkinson3 ,schools of ,modern ,art in ,germany4 ,radcliffe3 ,schools and ,masters of ,painting4 ,k4 ,berlin3 ,contemporary ,german ,art4 ,buxton and ,poynter3 ,german1 ,flemish1 and ,dutch ,painting4 ,if there can be one more paper in this program1 it should be on the critic ,winckelmann and his classical influence4 ,this was shown particularly in ,raphael ,mengs1 in the eighteenth century1 court painter to the ,king of ,poland1 and his pupil1 ,angelica ,kauffmann4 ,german art has been influenced greatly by those who have written about his philosophy1 ,lessing1 ,goethe1 the ,sehlegels1 and others4 ,mention should be made of ,kugler1 ,waagen1 and ,doctor ,bode1 to-day4 ,,viii--,,england 7,,part ,i7 #a4 ,lely and ,kneller--,story of their lives4 ,their rank as artists4 ,lely's relation to the court of ,charles ,,ii4 ,kneller's to that of ,william and ,mary4 ,similarity of the work of the two painters4 ,the pictures of the ,hampton ,court beauties of the time4 #b4 ,hogarth--,choice of subjects and manner of treatment4 ,influence of the ,dutch school4 ,reasons for the great popularity of his work among the ,english4 ,historical value4 ,interest rather than beauty4 ,engravings4 ,pictures in the ,british ,museum4 #c4 ,reynolds1 ,gainsborough1 and ,romney--,the portrait painters of the eighteenth century4 ,well-known pictures of women and children3 the ,duchess of ,devonshire1 ,cherry ,ripe1 ,the ,strawberry ,girl1 etc4 ,reynolds' school for painting4 ,readings from his ,discourses4 #d4 ,raeburn and ,wilkie--,subjects from humble life4 ,the sentimental story as a theme4 ,scottish emotionalism in art and in literature2 ,wilkie's ,blind ,man's ,buff and ,the ,blind ,fiddler4 #e4 ,constable--,great painter of ,english landscape4 ,intense sympathy with his subject4 ,appreciation of the artistic value of mists1 clouds1 and showers4 ,effect on modern ,french landscape painters4 ,great commercial value of ,constable's pictures to-day4 ,paintings in the ,national ,gallery1 at ,south ,kensington and in the ,metropolitan ,museum4 #f4 ,turner--,greatest ,english landscape painter4 ,strange story of his life4 ,his eccentricities4 ,style of his painting4 ,comparison with ,claude and ,poussin4 ,unfortunate choice of pigments and consequent fading of his pictures4 ,readings from ,ruskin's ,modern ,painters4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,gleeson ,white3 ,master ,painters of ,britain4 ,spielmann3 ,british ,portrait ,painting to the ,closing of the ,,xix ,century4 ,allan ,cunningham3 ,lives of the ,most ,eminent ,british ,painters and ,sculptors4 ,horace ,walpole3 ,anecdotes of ,painting in ,england4 ,this program is so full that it may easily be divided between two meetings4 ,notice beside the artists mentioned those of less distinction3 ,sir ,thomas ,lawrence1 the portrait painter belonging to the ,reynolds school2 ,blake1 the mystical and symbolical artist who influenced the later pre-,raphaelites2 and ,landseer1 the painter of animals 7who may be compared with ,rosa ,bonheur74 ,illustrate the paper with photographs as far as possible4 ,,ix--,,england 7,,part ,,ii7 #a4 ,the ,pre-,raphaelites--,their origin and principles3 sincerity and truth to nature4 ,holman ,hunt3 ,light of the ,world2 ,the ,triumph of the ,innocents4 ,dante ,gabriel ,rossetti3 ,ecce ,ancilla ,domini2 ,beata ,beatrix4 ,photographs of these pictures may be shown1 and those who have seen them may give their impression of them4 #b4 ,the ,academicians--,sir ,frederick ,leighton1 ,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,millais and his desertion of the ,pre-,raphaelites1 ,g4 ,f4 ,watts1 ,sir ,alma ,tadema1 ,frank ,dicksee1 ,sir ,e4 ,j4 ,poynter1 ,sir ,luke ,fildes1 ,sir ,hubert von ,herkomer1 ,sir ,w4 ,q4 ,orchardson4 ,in this connection there may be a reading from ,herkomer's memoir4 #c4 ,the ,independents--,sir ,e4 ,burne-,jones4 ,solomon ,j4 ,solomon4 ,maurice ,grieffenhagen4 ,mortimer ,menpes4 ,j4 ,byam ,shaw4 ,the influence of ,french painting on ,england is interesting to trace4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,ruskin3 ,modern ,painters4 ,holman ,hunt3 ,history of ,pre-,raphaelitism4 ,gleeson ,white3 ,master ,painters of ,britain4 ,cosmo ,monkhouse3 ,british ,contemporary ,artists4 ,ford ,madox-,brown1 who has not been mentioned in the program1 should be mentioned if there is time4 ,the articles in various current magazines by ,ford ,madox-,brown ,hueffer1 dealing with the men of the ,pre-,raphaelite school1 are full of incident and humor4 ,the poems of ,dante ,gabriel ,rossetti and his sister1 ,christina1 should be noticed and several of them read4 ,rossetti's wife was the model for many ,pre-,raphaelite pictures4 ,she might be described and the story told of her death and the burial with her of her husband's poems1 subsequently exhumed and published4 ,x--,,america #a4 ,early ,painters--,copley1 ,gilbert ,stuart1 ,west1 and ,trumbull4 #b4 ,the ,hudson ,river ,school--,kensett1 ,cropsey1 ,church1 ,bierstadt4 ,influence of ,duesseldorf and ,munich on these painters4 #c4 ,whistler and ,la ,farge--,french influence on ,american painters4 ,whistler's portrait of his mother4 ,controversy with ,ruskin4 ,story of the libel suit4 ,why is ,whistler's appeal not more popular8 ,la ,farge's picture of the ,ascension of ,christ4 ,japanese and oceanic sketches4 ,mural paintings in public buildings4 ,la ,farge as a colorist and decorator4 #d4 ,sargent and ,abbey--,sargent's style4 ,famous portraits4 ,decorations for ,boston ,library4 ,abbey's illustrations of ,shakespeare4 ,story of the ,holy ,grail4 ,coronation picture of ,edward ,,viii4 #e4 ,characteristic ,groups--,landscape3 ,inness1 ,troyon1 ,wyant4 ,marines3 ,w4 ,t4 ,richards1 de ,haas1 ,rehn4 ,figures 7genre73 ,winslow ,homer1 ,abbott ,h4 ,thayer1 ,geo4 de ,forest ,brush4 ,portraits3 ,eastman ,johnson1 ,w4 ,m4 ,chase1 ,john ,alexander1 ,cecilia ,beaux4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,c4 ,h4 ,caffin3 ,american ,masters of ,painting4 ,samuel ,isham3 ,history of ,american ,painting4 ,j4 ,w4 ,mc,spadden3 ,famous ,painters in ,america4 ,h4 ,t4 ,tuckerman3 ,artist ,life 7#ahdg74 ,take up the consideration of the leading art galleries of ,america1 the ,metropolitan ,museum in ,new ,york1 the ,museum of ,fine ,arts in ,boston1 the ,corcoran ,gallery in ,washington1 and the ,art ,institute in ,chicago2 also the new galleries in ,detroit1 ,buffalo1 ,dayton1 and other cities4 ,notice the famous mural paintings in ,state capitols1 city halls1 and the high schools of ,new ,york and those of the ,congressional ,library in ,washington4 ,,chapter ,,ix ,,ten ,,american ,,women ,,writers ,,introductory ,this popular program is given for those clubs who wish something light and attractive for their year's work4 ,the subject is taken up topically1 and the leading writers only are given2 to those names may be added as many more as are desired4 ,to enlarge the field1 add the names of women poets1 essayists1 and miscellaneous writers1 and take ,woman in ,american ,literature for the subject4 ,see ,r4 ,p4 ,halleck's recent book on ,american ,literature4 ,or use the one topic of ,our ,short-,story ,writers1 and have that cover as many meetings as programs are needed4 ,i--,,historical ,,novels ,jane ,g4 ,austin used the theme of ,colonial days most successfully4 ,she was saturated with the spirit of the time1 and no one can read ,standish of ,standish1 or ,betty ,alden without feeling in sympathy with the ,puritans1 their romance and hardships4 ,read from either of these1 or from ,david ,alden's ,daughter4 ,maud ,wilder ,goodwin writes1 in a delightfully breezy style1 of life among the ,colonial ,cavaliers1 and her ,white ,aprons and ,the ,head of a ,hundred are fascinating2 they follow well the books just suggested for the first meeting4 ,read from either of the two named4 ,amelia ,e4 ,barr1 though born in ,england1 belongs among ,american writers4 ,she has no less than sixty novels to her credit4 ,her theme has been largely of the early days in ,new ,york1 and ,the ,belle of ,bowling ,green1 ,the ,maid of ,maiden ,lane1 and ,the ,bow of ,orange ,ribbon are all excellent4 ,among her other books are ,jan ,vedder's ,wife and ,the ,black ,shilling4 ,read from ,the ,bow of ,orange ,ribbon4 ,mary ,johnston has covered a large historical field4 ,beginning in the early days of ,virginia1 she took the settling of ,jamestown in ,prisoners of ,hope and ,to ,have and ,to ,hold2 both these are of absorbing interest1 and have remarkable pictures of the ,indians of the time4 ,then comes ,lewis ,rand and the settling of the ,northwest1 and then ,the ,long ,roll1 about our ,civil ,war4 ,all her work is done in a careful painstaking way1 and is distinctly dramatic4 ,read from ,to ,have and ,to ,hold4 ,add to these the books of ,mary ,catherwood1 about ,canada1 and those of ,beulah ,marie ,dix1 who has used the wars of ,cromwell largely as her theme2 both writers are among our best4 ,,ii--,,stories ,,of ,,romance ,,and ,,mystery ,bertha ,runkle's ,the ,helmet of ,navarre may perhaps stand at the very head of our romantic novels1 for its wonderfully vivid representation of life and adventure in ,paris under her famous hero4 ,it is all the more remarkable because it was the author's first book1 and written when she was only a girl4 ,read the closing chapter4 ,amelie ,rives1 now the ,princess ,troubetzkoy1 has several romantic novels1 notably ,the ,quick or the ,dead and ,a ,brother to ,dragons1 both written in an intense1 dramatic way2 her ,virginia of ,virginia1 while different1 is no less fascinating4 ,her books have the setting of the ,south4 ,read from the last4 ,molly ,elliot ,seawell has written a great number of books1 all carefully done and of great variety of subjects4 ,her ,sprightly ,romance of ,marsac1 which took a three-thousand-dollar prize and is as gay as its title indicates1 has for its foils the more serious ,the ,house of ,egremont and ,midshipman ,paulding4 ,read from the first4 ,anna ,katherine ,green has many books about the detection of crime1 with complicated plots4 ,her ,the ,leavenworth ,case is her best book2 others are ,the ,mill ,mystery1 ,behind ,closed ,doors1 and ,the ,filigree ,ball4 ,read from ,the ,leavenworth ,case4 ,,iii--,,stories ,,of ,,life ,,problems ,the greatest problem novel ever written by a woman was ,uncle ,tom's ,cabin1 by ,harriet ,beecher ,stowe4 ,clubs should give at least one meeting to this book1 studying the times1 the character of the author and her training1 as the causes which led to its writing2 notice also the effect of the book upon the nation4 ,it has passed into many other languages than ours1 and has a world-wide fame4 ,mrs4 ,stowe also wrote another book with a great theme1 ,the ,minister's ,wooing1 of early ,colonial days and the power of ,calvinism in the lives of the people4 ,read from both these books4 ,elizabeth ,stuart ,phelps 7,mrs4 ,ward7 began her work at nineteen with ,the ,gates ,ajar1 suggested by the sorrow of the ,civil ,war2 this had a phenomenal success4 ,from that time on she wrote steadily1 and each novel had a problem to present1 set out with strong emotion4 ,a ,singular ,life is one of her best1 and ,the ,story of ,avis1 ,doctor ,zay1 and ,the ,confessions of a ,wife are all deeply interesting4 ,read from the first two4 ,margaret ,deland has taken up the problems of life in her books with sympathy1 humor and a certain wise and tender philosophy4 ,her stories of ,old ,chester1 its delightful people1 with their strongly marked characteristics1 and the rector1 ,dr4 ,lavendar1 who is one of the most charming delineations ever drawn1 are all known to-day to women readers4 ,her best novels follow the lines of her other stories1 but there is a power in ,the ,awakening of ,helena ,richie and in ,the ,iron ,woman not in the short stories4 ,read from ,old ,chester ,tales4 ,,iv--,,stories ,,of ,,society ,,and ,,its ,,problems ,edith ,wharton studied the problems of society in a great city in her ,the ,house of ,mirth1 drawing a faithful if somewhat painful picture4 ,the ,fruit of the ,tree and ,the ,valley of ,decision present other phases of social life4 ,her books are well planned and well written1 with a noticeably subtle touch4 ,read from ,the ,house of ,mirth4 ,gertrude ,atherton also writes of society's problems1 but in quite another manner4 ,the ,aristocrats and ,ancestors have a distinctly satiric flavor4 ,in addition to these she has others in quite another vein1 ,the ,doomswoman1 and ,the ,conqueror notably4 ,john ,oliver ,hobbes 7,mrs4 ,craigie7 has some exquisite little books1 read by few1 perhaps1 because of their peculiar style4 ,she wrote ,the ,school for ,saints1 ,the ,herb ,moon1 and ,the ,flute of ,pan4 ,her problems are rather involved and somewhat attenuated1 but on the whole beautifully done4 ,read from ,the ,herb ,moon4 ,v--,,stories ,,of ,,humor ,,and ,,pathos ,ruth ,mc,enery ,stuart's early life was spent in ,louisiana1 and there she learned to know the plantation negro at first hand4 ,no one has equaled her in her presentation of his character1 with its dependence and childlike drollery4 ,her appreciation of his humor is no less marked than of his unconscious pathos4 ,read from ,a ,golden ,wedding1 ,moriah's ,mourning1 and ,the ,river's ,children4 ,in ,sonny1 one of her loveliest books1 she has taken a poor white as her hero4 ,alice ,hegan ,rice made a large place for herself when she wrote ,mrs4 ,wiggs of the ,cabbage ,patch4 ,she found that unusual thing1 a new setting for a story1 and drew a unique heroine in ,mrs4 ,wiggs4 ,read from this and its sequel1 ,lovey ,mary4 ,kate ,douglas ,wiggin 7,mrs4 ,riggs7 has several gay stories1 a brief series about ,penelope in ,england and ,scotland1 and ,a ,cathedral ,courtship1 quite as amusing4 ,her ,rebecca of ,sunnybrook ,farm is also full of bright sayings4 ,in ,the ,birds' ,christmas ,carol she mingles humor and pathos4 ,read from ,penelope's ,progress4 ,myra ,kelly found in a public school among the poor foreigners of ,new ,york's ,east ,side material for her best book1 ,little ,citizens4 ,it is written with a keen appreciation of their amusing ways and sayings1 and of sympathy with them4 ,a chapter taken at random will prove delightful reading4 ,carolyn ,wells is well known as the author of the wittiest of verses2 but she has also some books no less attractive4 ,a ,matrimonial ,bureau1 ,at the ,sign of the ,sphinx1 and ,the ,gordon ,elopement 7collaborated7 are filled with freakish situations and clever sayings4 ,read from the first4 ,in addition to these1 clubs may read ,anne ,warner's ,the ,rejuvenation of ,aunt ,mary1 ,margaret ,cameron's ,the ,involuntary ,chaperon1 and others2 see also the humorist of several decades ago1 ,marietta ,holley1 and her books on ,samantha ,allen4 ,,vi--,,stories ,,of ,,domestic ,,life ,mary ,stewart ,cutting has been a most successful writer of short stories about ordinary home life4 ,she is marvelously true to facts1 but puts them in a fresh and humorous way4 ,her ,little ,stories of ,courtship and ,little ,stories of ,married ,life show us people we all know4 ,her longer stories1 ,the ,unforeseen and ,the ,wayfarers1 have the same good sense1 the same bright way of treating difficulties4 ,choose selections from her first two books4 ,ellen ,olney ,kirk writes in a quiet style of delightful people who lead uneventful lives4 ,her books are not new to-day1 but they are always interesting4 ,select from ,the ,story of ,margaret ,kent or ,marcia4 ,alice ,brown depicts home life in ,new ,england1 but always introduces the element of the unusual1 either in plot or characters4 ,there is a certain strength about all she does4 ,read from ,meadow-,grass or ,the ,country ,road4 ,kathleen ,norris has written a deeply moving story called ,mother2 it tells the story of a family of ordinary parents and children with marvelous fidelity to the commonplaceness of their lives1 but it is a picture of tenderness and an appreciation of what a real mother is and does4 ,margaret ,e4 ,sangster's ,eastover ,parish is a charming study from real life4 ,,vii--,,stories ,,of ,,children ,,and ,,young ,,people ,louisa ,m4 ,alcott's ,little ,women is a masterpiece4 ,no one has ever been able to write anything so fresh1 so natural1 and so wholesome4 ,her later books1 especially ,little ,men and ,old-,fashioned ,girl1 are rather in the same vein1 though not the equal of ,little ,women4 ,read any favorite chapter4 ,mary ,mapes ,dodge's greatest literary success was a book for boys1 ,hans ,brinker1 or the ,silver ,skates1 a fascinating story of ,holland4 ,it has been translated into five languages4 ,read the race from it4 ,frances ,h4 ,burnett had written excellent books for grown people1 like ,that ,lass o' ,lowries1 and others1 before her ,little ,lord ,fauntleroy appeared and had instant popularity4 ,her other children's books were mostly fairy-tales and simple stories4 ,read from ,fauntleroy4 ,laura ,e4 ,richards has many books for girls1 written with humor and much sensible suggestion1 the latter well hidden4 ,the ,three ,margarets1 ,margaret ,montfort1 and the ,hildegarde stories are all attractive1 but ,captain ,january is most original2 read from this4 ,josephine ,daskam ,bacon writes amusingly of both children and parents4 ,her ,memoirs of a ,baby and ,when ,caroline ,was ,growing are both worth reading4 ,elizabeth ,jordan has struck a new note in her stories of convent life4 ,may ,iverson1 ,her ,book and its sequel are full of the absurdities of growing girls4 ,read any of the amusing chapters4 ,clubs should make a special study of some of the older writers for girls1 especially ,sophie ,may1 ,mrs4 ,a4 ,d4 ,t4 ,whitney1 and ,susan ,coolidge4 ,notice also the excellent work of ,annie ,fellows ,johnston1 ,kate ,bosher1 and ,inez ,haynes ,gilmore1 and read from their books4 ,,viii--,,stories ,,of ,,local ,,types ,some of our women writers have used the people of one locality only1 or at least principally2 this group may be divided into two programs4 ,helen ,hunt ,jackson1 known best as a poet1 or as the author of little essays1 has one strong book1 ,ramona4 ,it is notable not only for its plea for justice to the ,indians1 but also for its description of life in ,southern ,california on remote ranches4 ,constance ,fenimore ,woolson wrote largely of ,florida1 its everglades1 its orange-groves1 its pine barrens4 ,read from ,east ,angels4 ,mary ,hallock ,foote used the scene of the early mining-camps as her theme1 and has vivid pictures of life and romance there4 ,read from ,the ,led ,horse ,claim or ,the ,chosen ,valley4 ,charles ,egbert ,craddock 7,mary ,murfree7 has laid her plots in the ,tennessee mountains4 ,her heroes are sturdy1 uncouth1 picturesque mountaineers1 and her books are noted for the descriptions of scenery4 ,read from ,the ,prophet of the ,great ,smoky ,mountain or ,in the ,clouds4 ,grace ,e4 ,king writes of the life of the ,creoles in ,new ,orleans4 ,in her ,balcony ,stories and ,monsieur ,motte we have the fragrance and the languor of the ,south4 ,read a ,balcony story4 ,sarah ,orne ,jewett was one of the first to choose ,new ,england as her field of work4 ,her style is peculiarly delicate and refined4 ,she wrote of the people with truth and sympathy1 without a touch of satire4 ,a ,white ,heron and ,the ,country of the ,pointed ,firs are among her beautiful stories2 read from the latter4 ,ellen ,glasgow has laid the scenes of her stories in the ,south1 largely in ,virginia4 ,her themes are unusual and worked out in a broad1 unhurried way4 ,the ,voice of the ,people1 ,the ,deliverance1 ,the ,battle-,ground1 and ,ancient ,law are all worth reading4 ,select from ,the ,deliverance4 ,helen ,martin in ,tillie1 ,a ,mennonite ,maid and ,elsie ,singmaster in several stories have both taken the quaint ,pennsylvania ,dutch to write of1 with their remoteness of life from the world4 ,,ix--,,short ,,stories ,of late years1 short stories1 largely written by women1 have crowded our magazines4 ,it is impossible to choose more than a few for a program1 but club-women may add to those suggested all their favorites1 and bring in short stories to read at one meeting4 ,in addition to the older writers1 ,rebecca ,harding ,davis1 ,harriet ,prescott ,spofford1 and others1 take the following3 ,mary ,e4 ,wilkins ,freeman1 though the author of several novels1 is perhaps our greatest short-story writer4 ,her characters1 especially those drawn from ,new ,england rural life1 are reproduced with marvelous fidelity4 ,she understands their foibles1 their oddities1 and writes of them with fidelity and humor4 ,a ,new ,england ,nun is called her best book2 read any story from it4 ,mary ,raymond ,shipman ,andrews1 the author of ,the ,perfect ,tribute as well as many stories of a lighter character1 writes charmingly4 ,margarita ,spalding ,gerry in ,the ,toy ,shop has something really unusual1 both in theme and treatment4 ,octave ,thanet 7,alice ,french7 vivaciously represents plain people2 her ,missionary ,sheriff and ,stories of a ,western ,town are well known2 read from either4 ,add to these names those already given under other heads for this outline3 ,sarah ,orne ,jewett1 ,alice ,brown1 and ,mrs4 ,cutting4 ,as has already been suggested1 the year's work may be expanded into a complete study of ,american women writers4 ,if this is done1 begin with those of early years3 ,lydia ,maria ,child and ,margaret ,fuller2 add to them our essayists1 ,helen ,hunt ,jackson1 ,agnes ,repplier1 ,vida ,scudder2 our poets1 the ,cary sisters1 ,julia ,ward ,howe1 ,lucy ,larcom1 ,emily ,dickinson1 ,edith ,thomas1 ,celia ,thaxter1 ,may ,riley ,smith1 ,ella ,wheeler ,wilcox1 ,emma ,lazarus1 ,helen ,hunt ,jackson1 and ,josephine ,preston ,peabody1 and ,anna ,branch1 and our miscellaneous writers1 who have written biography1 essays1 stories1 and practical books3 ,alice ,morse ,earle1 ,marion ,harland1 ,kate ,upson ,clark1 ,mary ,heaton ,vorse1 and ,margaret ,e4 ,sangster4 ,women journalists might also be an additional subject1 and women editors1 to cover the entire field of women in letters4 ,,chapter ,x ,,town ,,improvement ,i--,,our ,,local ,,conditions #a4 ,the ,value of ,public ,sentiment and ,cooeperation--,rise in values as a town improves2 what an enthusiast can accomplish4 #b4 ,our ,water-,supply--,detailed description3 water-system1 wells1 cisterns1 etc42 quality of the supply2 limitations1 dangers1 and possibility of improvement4 #c4 ,our ,sanitation--,detailed description3 cesspools2 garbage2 disposal of sewage4 #d4 ,our ,yards1 ,our ,streets1 ,our ,parks1 ,our ,public ,buildings--,tree-planting2 fences2 city fountains4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,patrick ,geddes3 ,city ,development4 ,c4 ,m4 ,robinson3 ,the ,improvement of ,towns and ,cities4 ,w4 ,p4 ,mason3 ,water ,supply 7from the ,sanitary ,standpoint74 ,shade ,trees3 ,their ,care and ,preservation 7,n4 ,y4 ,state ,cornell ,agricultural ,experiment ,station ,bulletin #bef74 ,the town water-supply has immense interest2 study its relation to the disposal of sewage2 the ice-supply1 the use of filters1 bottled water1 and the like4 ,cleaning up and beautifying the back yards of a town1 planting vines1 removing unsightly buildings1 making gardens and having window-boxes may be expanded into more than one paper4 ,the village common1 the drinking-fountains1 the band-stand1 the use of refuse-boxes in public places1 may be discussed4 ,,ii--,,the ,,working-,,people',s ,,homes #a4 ,existing ,conditions--,the various subjects of air1 light1 water-supply1 sanitation and adequate fire-escapes may be brought up for careful consideration4 #b4 ,the ,model ,tenement--,plans1 profit to the owner of tenement property1 management1 rules for tenants 7cleanliness1 promptness of payment71 beautification of tenements 7window-boxes1 roof-gardens71 playgrounds4 #c4 ,model ,cottage ,homes--,possibility of acquiring ownership 7building-and-loan associations1 thrift clubs74 ,improving laboring-men's homes in villages4 ,yards for children4 #d4 ,the ,garden ,cities of ,england--,compare the ,sage ,foundation proposals in ,america4 ,model towns 7,pullman in this country1 ,essen in ,germany1 etc474 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,gould3 ,housing of the ,working ,people 7,u4 ,s4 ,labor ,dept474 ,manning3 ,villages for ,working ,men and ,working-,men's ,homes4 ,r4 ,w4 ,de,forest and others3 ,the ,tenement-,house ,problem4 ,f4 ,c4 ,moore3 ,how ,to ,build a ,home4 ,discuss the subject of the model towns4 ,how satisfactory do the tenants find the system of leases and regulations8 ,show pictures of the ,garden ,cities of ,england and the model tenements of ,berlin4 ,take up the merits of building-and-loan associations and buying homes on the instalment plan4 ,shall we employ an architect for the small home1 or are published plans practical8 ,,iii--,,factories ,,and ,,workshops #a4 ,the ,industrial ,age--,the introduction of labor-saving machinery in ,england in the eighteenth century4 ,enormous development in the present day4 ,general effect on the laboring class4 #b4 ,the ,factory ,system and ,human ,life--,overcrowding1 and lack of air and light4 ,unprotected machinery4 ,danger of fire4 ,inadequate fire-escapes and exits4 ,bad sanitation4 ,the sweat-shop4 ,monotony of tasks and overlong hours of work4 ,the labor of women4 ,child labor4 #c4 ,model ,conditions in ,factory ,life--,the building3 air1 light1 sanitation1 space1 protection4 ,the eight-hour day3 a living wage4 ,insurance against accident1 old age1 and death4 ,the lunch-room4 ,the factory doctor4 #d4 ,local ,ideals--,conferences with employees4 ,the cultivation of social sentiment in the employing class4 ,beautifying the factory grounds4 ,associations among employees3 recreation1 social1 mutual benefit4 ,holidays and ,sundays4 ,the children in factory homes4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,clarke3 ,effects of the ,factory ,system4 ,spahr3 ,america's ,working ,people4 ,wright3 ,the ,factory ,system as an ,element in ,social ,life4 ,at this meeting there should be a presentation of the fine conditions existing in certain great manufactories and publishing-plants where the employers and the employed are working for the same high ends2 pictures may be shown of gardens1 recreation-grounds1 lunch-rooms and the like2 abundant material may be found in various magazine articles4 ,the question of old-age pensions should be discussed4 ,a practical outcome of this meeting may be the appointing of a permanent committee to better local conditions4 ,,iv--,,public ,,schools #a4 ,the ,place of the ,public ,school in ,american ,life--,beginning of the public school in colonial days4 ,relation of the school to citizenship4 ,national sentiment4 ,the flag and the school4 ,the public school and the foreign child4 #b4 ,the ,modern ,curriculum--,multiplication of subjects 7manual training1 cooking1 sewing1 music1 etc474 ,a discussion of the merits of the system3 thoroughness versus variety4 #c4 ,the ,ideal ,public ,school--,the model director4 ,women on school boards4 ,the perfect school-house2 light1 air1 sanitation1 room4 ,beautifying the school within and without2 pictures1 casts1 flowers1 etc4 ,the school doctor2 contagious diseases1 oversight of eyes1 ears1 throat1 and teeth4 ,social service of the school3 night-schools1 lectures1 recreations4 #d4 ,parent and ,teacher--,mutual acquaintance4 ,conferences4 ,literary clubs4 ,is the public exhibition desirable8 #e4 ,school ,sentiment--,interscholastic athletics and debates4 ,the alumni association4 ,the commencement exercises and annual banquet4 ,the return of distinguished graduates4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,dewey3 ,the ,school and ,society4 ,butler3 ,the ,meaning of ,education4 ,the ,international ,educational ,series4 ,reports of the ,united ,states ,commissioner of ,education4 ,a discussion may be planned on home work3 ,how much shall be expected and arranged for by the parent8 ,when is it best done8 ,emphasize the importance of having the parent closely in touch with the child's work1 familiar with his reports1 and constantly in conference with the teacher4 ,notice the importance of the work of the truant officer4 ,if there is no gymnasium provided by the school1 can the parents combine and make one8 ,in a large city1 can there be a roof-garden for recreation8 ,v--,,amusements ,,of ,,the ,,town #a4 ,necessity of ,recreation--,change in our point of view3 the old ideas contrasted with the new4 ,read from the chapter on ,recreation in ,adeney's ,a ,century's ,progress in ,religious ,life and ,thought4 ,recreation and morals4 ,substitutes for the social life of the corner grocery and the saloon4 #b4 ,planning ,recreations--,organizing a local committee4 ,the grange1 the lyceum1 the town band or orchestra1 motion pictures4 ,discuss the disadvantage of unregulated amusements1 and their improvement through intelligent control4 #c4 ,the ,regular ,program--,illustrated lectures1 concerts1 village-improvement meetings1 athletic meets for men1 the women's club4 #d4 ,occasional ,amusements--,loan exhibitions of pictures1 antiques1 etc41 organ recitals1 flower fetes1 amateur theatricals1 excursions1 neighborhood dances4 #e4 ,ideals in ,recreation--,the ideal of democratic sociability4 ,the ideal of culture4 ,the ideal of healthful interest for young people4 ,the ideal of clean amusement4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,luther ,h4 ,gulick3 ,popular ,recreation and ,public ,morality 7,sage ,foundation74 ,hartt3 ,the ,people at ,play4 ,w4 ,s4 ,jevons3 ,amusements of the ,people4 ,this is one of the most important programs of the year1 and deserves special preparation and study4 ,the modern tendency is to plan everywhere for clean1 wholesome amusements for old and young1 and the woman's club can cooeperate with the mayor1 school trustees1 and intelligent men and women1 to carry out their plans4 ,discuss especially what has been done to provide a substitute for the attractions of the saloon2 the dangers and the value of the moving-picture show1 and how far there may be a public sentiment created for the regulation of these and other amusements4 ,,vi--,,the ,,town ,,children #a4 ,town versus ,country for ,children--,discussion of the advantages and the disadvantages of each4 ,how to make the most of town life for children4 #b4 ,outdoor ,occupations--,gardens for children4 ,games4 ,athletics4 ,riding and walking parties1 picnics1 etc4 ,study of birds4 ,nature classes 7butterflies1 etc474 #c4 ,indoor ,occupations--,classes in carpentry1 weaving1 and sewing4 ,musical classes1 the children's chorus1 the children's orchestra4 ,pantomimes1 plays1 and dances4 #d4 ,public ,provision for ,children--,museums for children4 ,public playgrounds4 ,the children's room in the public library4 ,exhibitions of pictures for children4 ,illustrated lectures in the public school4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,g4 ,stanley ,hall3 ,educational ,problems4 ,l4 ,h4 ,gulick3 ,children of the ,century4 ,mangold3 ,child ,problems4 ,jekyll3 ,children and ,gardens4 ,women's clubs should definitely interest themselves in the children of the city or country1 and do for them what is not done by the public4 ,the value of playgrounds and gardens in cities1 and of children's classes in sloyd or manual training in the country1 cannot be over-estimated4 ,musical training is also valuable1 not merely for its esthetic results2 and children's choruses1 with cantatas and oratorios1 may be most interesting4 ,motion dances and national dances are easily taught1 the latter especially in towns and cities where different nationalities are represented in the population4 ,,vii--,,public ,,institutions #a4 ,civic--,the court-house3 the proper architecture--simplicity and dignity4 ,improving an old structure4 ,the grounds4 ,decorations4 ,the jail3 what are the present local conditions8 ,is improvement possible8 ,modern ideas of imprisonment and the housing of prisoners4 #b4 ,useful--,the station3 cooeperation between the railway company and the citizens4 ,cleanliness1 paint1 sanitation1 lawns1 and flower-gardens4 ,the water-works3 decorative possibilities in the plant4 ,fountains and flower-beds4 #c4 ,literary--,the public library3 the value of a lecture-hall4 ,the local lyceum4 ,loan exhibitions4 ,reading-rooms3 importance in the absence of a library4 ,making the place attractive4 #d4 ,monumental--,improvement in public taste4 ,necessity of a committee to pass judgment on proposed memorials4 ,superfluous monuments4 ,statuary and tablets4 ,the soldier's monument4 ,the local historical society4 ,the cemetery3 the ideal location1 ownership1 and control4 ,trust funds for perpetual care4 ,beauty and ugliness in stones4 ,trees1 lakes1 flowers4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,mawson3 ,civic ,art4 ,bentley and ,taylor3 ,practical ,guide in the ,preparation of ,town ,planning ,schemes4 ,ravenscroft3 ,town ,gardening4 ,penstone3 ,town ,study4 ,much can be done by a club toward improving the condition of the local cemetery2 perhaps even by moving it from a place too near the heart of town to a more attractive and proper site1 planting trees and flowering shrubs1 arranging to have grass and flowers cared for1 straightening old monuments1 and the like4 ,a paper might deal with the question3 ,how can women carry out their ideas without antagonizing the town council8 ,,viii--,,the ,,town ,,church #a4 ,the ,church ,structure--,a beautiful exterior3 simplicity1 good taste in material1 outline and color4 ,a beautiful interior3 quiet decoration2 window glass1 good and bad2 low-toned carpet and cushions4 #b4 ,sunday ,services--,dignity and reverence in their conduct4 ,importance of music4 ,how shall good music be secured in a small neighborhood8 ,the chorus choir4 ,vesper services4 #c4 ,the ,sunday-,school--,modern methods4 ,the graded school4 ,prizes and exhibitions4 ,young people's work2 relating this to the rest of the church-work4 #d4 ,week-,day ,appointments--,men's meetings3 how to get the men to come4 ,civic value of men's church clubs4 ,women's meetings3 the church aid society1 the missionary society4 ,young women's guilds4 ,clubs for girls and for boys4 ,the ,boy ,scouts1 etc4 #e4 ,the ,minister's ,home--,should the social life of the church center in the minister's home8 ,relation of the minister's wife to her husband's work4 ,church ownership of the minister's house2 its care and improvement4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,c4 ,a4 ,wight3 ,some ,old ,time ,meeting ,houses of the ,connecticut ,valley4 ,k4 ,l4 ,butterfield3 ,the ,country ,church and the ,rural ,problem4 ,w4 ,m4 ,ede3 ,attitude of the ,church to ,some of the ,social ,problems of ,town ,life4 ,ramsay and ,beel3 ,thousand and ,one ,churches4 ,e4 ,c4 ,foster3 ,the ,boy and the ,church4 ,the question of the use of the stereopticon and moving pictures in connection with the church should be taken up4 ,shall the ,sunday-evening services be varied occasionally by a talk on the ,holy ,land1 or famous paintings of ,christ1 or the ,pilgrim's ,progress1 or the ,passion ,play at ,oberammergau8 ,the distribution of the church flowers after services may be an outcome of this meeting1 and a club committee may be appointed to see that they are taken to the sick4 ,,ix--,,charities #a4 ,existing ,local ,charities--,their history1 character1 and condition4 ,the poorhouse1 free beds in hospitals1 distributing agencies4 ,discussion3 ,what can we do to improve local conditions8 #b4 ,best ,methods of ,helping the ,needy--,peril of indiscriminate giving4 ,self-respect in the poor4 ,place of the friendly visitor4 #c4 ,new ,work--,the day nursery1 the kitchen garden1 the flower-and-fruit committee1 home for the aged1 free employment bureau1 work centers3 the laundry and the wood-yard4 #d4 ,organized ,charity--,discuss the subject of waste through duplication4 ,gathering and distributing information4 ,cooeperation between church and other societies4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,e4 ,t4 ,devine3 ,the ,practice of ,charity4 ,e4 ,t4 ,devine3 ,misery and ,its ,causes4 ,w4 ,h4 ,allen3 ,efficient ,democracy4 ,in cities1 one of the most valuable helps in charitable organizations is the constant meeting of the workers at informal gatherings1 when the larger aspects of the subject are discussed and the various parts of the work are harmonized4 ,the necessity that all should work sympathetically together should be emphasized in a brief talk after this program4 ,x--,,local ,,ambitions #a4 ,the ,town ,beautiful--,description of what is being done in cities1 and suggestions thus derived3 ,washington1 ,chicago1 ,cleveland1 ,minneapolis4 ,l',enfant's plans for ,washington1 and their history4 ,what ,baron ,haussmann did for ,paris4 #b4 ,the ,plan of the ,town--,is the location of the best8 ,can the situation be changed in any way for the better8 ,plan an ideal town on the local site4 ,value of an outlook for the future4 #c4 ,landmarks--,give a brief history of the town2 and mention the chief incidents in it1 and the names of the principal persons who shared in them4 ,suggestions as to public memorials1 tablets1 and monuments4 #d4 ,specific ,improvements--,removal of unsightly objects and buildings4 ,regulation of saloons4 ,improvement of unsanitary houses4 ,drainage of swamps and pools in the neighborhood4 ,the surroundings of the railway station4 #e4 ,organization--,what committees are needed to help improve the town8 ,how can such committees cooeperate with similar men's committees and with the public authorities8 ,how can public sentiment be aroused8 ,value of an exhibition of plans for ideal towns4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,m4 ,m4 ,penstone3 ,town ,study4 ,a4 ,d4 ,webster3 ,town ,planting4 ,h4 ,i4 ,triggs3 ,town ,planting4 ,raymond ,unwin3 ,town ,planting in ,practice4 ,this program should be of practical value to the local town1 summing up the meetings that have preceded this1 and presenting certain definite propositions for civic improvements4 ,it might be well to invite some of the officials of the town to be present and offer suggestions4 ,a committee should be appointed at the close to take up the specific plans adopted4 ,,chapter ,,xi ,,holland ,,introductory ,no historical study could be of greater interest to clubs than that of ,holland4 ,the story of the rise of the ,dutch ,republic is more stirring than any romance4 ,her army was small1 but unconquerable2 her navy successfully fought the navies of far greater nations4 ,her commerce was unrivaled2 her colonies were planted in unknown countries2 her artists were the greatest of the world at the time4 ,but1 most of all1 ,holland was wonderful for her great struggle for liberty when liberty was unknown1 and the effects of her victory were world-wide4 ,the ,english and ,american revolutions were founded on hers4 ,clubs can use for reference ,the ,story of ,holland1 by ,james ,e4 ,t4 ,rogers2 ,brave ,little ,holland1 by ,w4 ,e4 ,griffis2 and ,motley's stirring book1 ,rise of the ,dutch ,republic4 ,i--,,the ,,low ,,countries ,the history of this part of the north began when ,julius ,caesar came to ,gaul4 ,at the farthest point lay a huge morass covered with forests called ,batavia1 and one race living there1 the ,friesian1 was noted for its independent1 untamed character4 ,their law declared that the race should be free as long as the wind blew out of the clouds1 and this ancient saying has always been the rallying cry of ,dutch patriotism4 ,at first under ,german dominion1 the country became later a part of the ,holy ,roman ,empire1 and was ruled by a prince bishop4 ,later the ,counts of ,holland governed1 and after the ,crusades1 when the feudal system was perfected1 the great towns became practically independent4 ,we read of magistrates1 mayors1 and aldermen4 ,the population changed rapidly1 commerce flourished1 learning spread1 and ,holland became famous as the great cloth market of the world4 ,close this period by noting two important points3 ,first1 that after the land had all been cleared and drained the people built dikes and forced the sea back1 so gaining much arable land2 second1 that the great guilds of the time had much to do with the future history of the country4 ,they existed among artisans and manufacturers1 and1 in addition1 the curious guilds of rhetoric gave theatrical exhibitions and had processions1 the latter called ,land ,jewels1 from their magnificence4 ,motley lays emphasis on the value of the guilds in keeping alive the sentiment of liberty4 ,,ii--,,philip ,,the ,,good ,in the fifteenth century1 ,philip the ,good of ,burgundy1 by purchase1 usurpation1 and marriage dower1 became the head of the ,low ,countries4 ,the real rulers of the country were the stadtholders1 and the great cities stood individually rather than unitedly4 ,read the story of the war against ,england under ,philip2 note the rise of the fisheries and their immense importance commercially1 as well as the beginning of the ,dutch navy in the fishing fleet4 ,read also in ,brave ,little ,holland of the curious political parties called the ,cods and the ,hooks4 ,notice the beginnings of the ,reformation in other countries under ,luther and ,calvin1 and have a paper on ,erasmus of ,holland2 contrast his teachings with those of the other reformers4 ,read ,henry ,kingsley's novel1 called ,old ,margaret1 on this time1 and also ,scott's ,quentin ,durward1 and ,mary of ,burgundy1 by ,g4 ,p4 ,r4 ,james4 ,,iii--,,trouble ,,with ,,spain ,passing rapidly through several intervening reigns1 we come to that of ,philip the ,fair1 whose momentous marriage with the daughter of ,ferdinand and ,isabella of ,spain brought the ,netherlands into conflict with the greatest power in the world4 ,their son ,charles1 born in #aejj1 and called ,count of ,flanders1 became ,king of ,spain and then ,emperor of ,germany4 ,he was hard1 narrow-minded1 selfish1 and a religious bigot4 ,as soon as he realized the inroads ,protestantism was making in ,europe1 he determined to put it down4 ,he prohibited the reading of the ,bible1 just printed in ,amsterdam1 and established the ,inquisition1 which in ,holland alone put to death over fifty thousand people4 ,after fifty years of disastrous rule he abdicated in favor of his son ,philip4 ,at the great ceremony which marked this event three famous persons took part3 ,charles himself2 the ,stadtholder of ,holland1 ,william1 ,prince of ,orange1 on whose arm ,charles leaned2 and ,philip the new sovereign1 who inherited all his father's bigotry1 and added a cruelty which exceeded it4 ,,iv--,,accession ,,of ,,philip ,,ii4 ,,of ,,spain ,it was only a short time before ,william discovered that ,philip had planned a massacre of all the ,protestants of ,holland2 although himself a ,catholic1 he quietly returned home at once and gave warning of the danger2 it was then that he obtained the title of ,william the ,silent4 ,the ,dutch had received ,philip in their country1 but now1 while pledging loyalty to him1 they asked the withdrawal of the ,spanish troops1 which so angered the ,king that he left the country1 vowing vengeance4 ,read from ,motley the account of the memorable scene of the parting between ,philip and ,william1 and also his estimate of ,philip4 ,philip left behind him ,margaret of ,parma1 his half-sister1 as regent4 ,holland begged her to suspend the ,inquisition4 ,have a paper on the banquet at which the petition was presented1 and the founding there of the famous order of ,the ,beggars of ,holland1 who did such wonderful things on land and sea4 ,close the program with a sketch of ,william1 who now becomes one of the foremost men of history of any period4 ,v--,,the ,,war ,philip was determined to uproot ,protestantism in ,holland at all costs4 ,he sent there the merciless ,duke of ,alva with more than ten thousand picked troops2 he established himself at ,antwerp1 formed the terrible ,blood ,council1 pronounced sentence of death on all the people of the ,netherlands1 and summoned ,william to appear before him4 ,margaret withdrew from the country2 ,william fled to ,germany1 and was outlawed2 ten thousand ,hollanders escaped to ,england4 ,william1 directing the war from ,germany1 placed his brother ,louis at the head of the troops2 a great battle1 ,heiliger ,lee1 followed1 in which by a stratagem the ,spanish were utterly defeated4 ,declaring himself a ,protestant1 ,william returned and took the field4 ,read the story of ,egmont and ,hoorn and their fate in ,motley and in ,goethe's drama4 ,have selections from these novels bearing on the time3 ,lysbeth1 by ,h4 ,rider ,haggard1 and ,jan van ,elselo1 by ,g4 and ,m4 ,coleridge4 ,alva fought and defeated ,william at ,geta and dispersed his army4 ,believing victory his1 he had a great statue of himself erected at ,antwerp2 but twenty-four vessels of the little new navy manned by the ,water ,beggars turned the tide against him1 and at this point the great struggle really began4 ,only the few leading events can be touched upon here1 but clubs should take up the whole wonderful story of the conflict1 in many respects the most interesting war of history4 ,the seven months' siege of ,haarlem1 with its heroic defense and final destruction1 was followed by the siege of ,alkmaar1 when women and boys helped fight in the trenches2 the dikes were cut and the ,spaniards driven out by the sea4 ,the two sieges of ,leyden followed1 with their starvation and pestilence2 and at last1 when only a handful of people were left1 the distant dikes were cut and the water slowly crept across the fields2 then a great storm arose1 and so swept in the sea that the ,dutch navy could sail across the land to the city's relief4 ,alva left for ,spain1 and the new regent and commander1 ,requesens1 came4 ,soon after the ,dutch issued their ,declaration of ,independence1 ,july #bf1 #aeha1 and later formed the ,united ,states of the ,dutch ,republic4 ,two other governors came to ,holland1 ,don ,john of ,austria and ,alexander of ,parma1 but neither could bring the ,dutch to submission4 ,the siege of ,antwerp followed1 and soon after ,william was assassinated by a ,spaniard4 ,in despair ,holland offered the sovereignty of the country first to ,france and then to ,england2 both refused it1 but ,queen ,elizabeth sent men and money4 ,sir ,walter ,raleigh1 the ,earl of ,leicester1 ,miles ,standish1 ,captain ,john ,smith1 and ,sir ,philip ,sidney came1 and the last lost his life on the battle-field4 ,maurice1 the son of ,william1 now took command1 and was called the foremost soldier of ,europe4 ,it was not long till ,spain1 weary of forty years of struggle with an unconquerable people1 signed a treaty of peace and virtually acknowledged ,holland's independence4 ,clubs should take up the whole story of the relations of ,holland and ,england and observe how1 three years later1 when the ,armada came1 ,holland helped ,england to meet it4 ,discuss the bearings of this great struggle for liberty on other nations3 what was really won8 ,read of the different sieges from ,motley2 notice also what he says of the work of the ,inquisition and its effect on the resistance of the people4 ,read ,george ,ebers' ,the ,burgomaster's ,wife and ,dumas' ,the ,black ,tulip4 ,there are also two books written for boys by ,g4 ,a4 ,henty which are worth looking over3 one1 ,by ,pike and ,dike1 dealing with the siege of ,haarlem1 and the other1 ,by ,england's ,aid4 ,ruth ,putnam's life of ,william the ,silent should be read4 ,,vi--,,after ,,the ,,war ,holland1 in spite of her terrible losses by death in battle1 by starvation1 and by torture1 and the immense destruction of property1 and the cost of carrying on the war1 was yet left in a strong position4 ,she was at once enriched by the coming of thousands of intelligent merchants and artisans from the south1 flying from persecution1 and her trade and colonies were uninjured4 ,the great ,bank of ,amsterdam flourished1 and had an interesting history4 ,the curious event of the time was the tulip mania1 a wild speculation which was disastrous to the nation4 ,,vii--,,holland ,,and ,,protestantism ,all over ,europe religion and politics intermingled1 and it was so in ,holland4 ,the country as a whole followed the ,calvinistic form of faith1 and this led to internal difficulties4 ,it was really a question whether ,church and ,state should be united or separated4 ,maurice1 ,barneveldt1 and ,grotius were the leaders4 ,barneveldt1 a truly able statesman1 was beheaded2 ,grotius1 the famous scholar1 escaped from imprisonment to ,paris4 ,complications arose from the coming of persecuted peoples2 the ,albigenses from ,france1 the ,waldenses from ,italy1 and the ,anabaptists4 ,in the end democracy won1 religious liberty was assured1 and ,church and ,state were kept apart4 ,at this point tell the story of the ,pilgrim ,fathers in ,holland1 and show how far ahead of the times ,holland was in her religious position4 ,,viii--,,troubles ,,between ,,holland ,,and ,,england ,both ,holland and ,england had colonies in ,india and elsewhere1 and now their trade conflicted4 ,the antagonism thus roused was increased by the fact that the ,dutch had given shelter to the ,stuarts4 ,the ,english forced on ,holland a two-years' war which was entirely on the sea1 and was led by four great admirals3 ,blake and ,monk on the side of the ,english1 and ,tromp and ,de ,ruyter on the side of the ,dutch4 ,the story is full of interest2 the result favored the ,dutch4 ,the great political leader1 ,john ,de ,witt1 came into prominence at this period2 he was called ,the ,wisdom of ,holland4 ,he had the descendant of ,william the ,silent educated1 and later originated the plan of having him marry ,mary1 the daughter of the ,duke of ,york1 later ,james the ,second of ,england1 hoping so to weld the two countries together4 ,de ,witt's murder by the mob in #afgb is a blot on the country's honor4 ,,ix--,,the ,,second ,,naval ,,war ,,with ,,england ,the reins of the government were in the hands of the ,stadtholder ,william1 another prince of ,orange2 but1 in spite of all efforts1 war on account of the colonies broke out4 ,a great naval battle occurred1 and the ,english fleet was burned4 ,later1 ,france1 aided by ,england1 invaded ,holland1 but again the dikes were cut and the foreigners driven away4 ,years of war followed1 with different countries taking part1 and with ,spain1 strangely enough1 siding with ,holland4 ,in a battle in the ,mediterranean1 ,de ,ruyter1 the idol of his people1 was killed4 ,there was much talk at the time of making ,william king of the ,netherlands1 but just then ,england took up the project of having him marry ,mary1 as ,de ,witt had planned1 and this he did4 ,he invaded ,england1 was received gladly by the people1 and was crowned joint sovereign with ,mary in ,london4 ,king ,james fled1 and the new dynasty was established peacefully4 ,x--,,holland',s ,,later ,,history ,in #agdg1 when all ,europe had been in turmoil1 the whole seven provinces of the ,netherlands1 which had been loosely connected1 united1 and the stadtholder became the real ruler of his people2 but dissensions arose1 his powers were curtailed1 and at last civil war broke out4 ,the ,king of ,prussia took part1 and ,amsterdam was besieged and capitulated4 ,later ,napoleon came1 and ,holland was soon only one of his little kingdoms4 ,against him1 at ,waterloo1 the ,prince of ,orange fought with the allies4 ,after the victory the prince made a triumphal entry into ,the ,hague1 and took the title of ,sovereign ,prince4 ,the republic1 which had existed only in name for years1 ended there1 for presently he was crowned as ,king ,william ,i4 ,belgium united with ,holland in a union which could not last1 and a nine years' war followed1 with one memorable event1 when ,lieutenant ,van ,speyk blew up his own ship with all on board1 rather than surrender4 ,belgium and ,holland separated4 ,william ,i4 was followed by ,william ,,ii4 and ,william ,,iii41 and the young ,queen ,wilhelmina1 who is the daughter of the last king4 ,she and her consort are the rulers to-day4 ,,holland ,,and ,,learning1 ,,art1 ,,literature1 ,,and ,,science ,there is only one great university in ,holland1 that of ,leyden1 founded in commemoration of the great siege by ,william the ,silent4 ,learned men from all over ,europe flocked there at one time1 and its students numbered two thousand4 ,to-day there are only a few hundred1 as in the other two smaller universities4 ,but ,leyden is still famous for its museums1 among the richest in ,europe4 ,holland had some notable early printers1 among them the ,elzevirs1 who stand in the first rank4 ,she had two world-leaders in philosophy1 ,spinoza and ,descartes1 the latter belonging also to ,france4 ,erasmus was the most distinguished of modern classical scholars1 and ,grotius founded the science of ,international ,law4 ,jakob ,cats is ,holland's best-known poet1 and ,maarten ,maartens is the great novelist4 ,the ,dutch have stood foremost in science1 especially medicine4 ,they produced the first fine optical instruments1 and they have been pioneers in navigation and floriculture4 ,in painting1 ,holland occupies a place of high distinction4 ,among the names of the great painters are those of ,rembrandt1 ,frans ,hals1 ,gerard ,douw1 ,teniers1 ,ruysdael1 ,jan ,steen1 ,hobbema1 and ,cuyp2 and in our own time1 ,ary ,scheffer1 ,alma-,tadema1 ,israels1 ,mesdag1 and ,mauve4 ,clubs would do well to take a year of study on the last general topic alone4 ,the history of the men of science and philosophy and the analysis of the work of the painters are enough to fill easily many programs4 ,add to this the study of ,holland as a country2 its picturesque buildings in the cities2 its canals1 bridges1 and boats2 its windmills2 its fishing towns and their quays and smacks2 the great picture-galleries and museums2 the market-places2 the peasants there and in the villages1 and their quaint costumes2 the life of the court2 the curious out-of-the-world places on the islands and in what are called the dead cities4 ,illustrate programs on these subjects with pictures of all kinds1 such as may be found in ,de ,amicis' book1 already suggested4 ,see also ,g4 ,h4 ,boughton's ,sketching ,rambles and ,stevenson's ,an ,inland ,voyage4 ,a clever little story of a trip on ,holland's canals is ,the ,chaperon1 by ,c4 ,n4 and ,a4 ,m4 ,williamson4 ,,chapter ,,xii ,,the ,,homelike ,,house ,this very practical subject for club study is here arranged under ten topics1 but they may be divided into as many more4 ,numbers one1 seven1 and ten may be used separately--a year's work made out of each one4 ,good books for general reference are3 ,the ,family ,house1 by ,c4 ,f4 ,osborne2 ,the ,house1 ,its ,plan1 ,decoration1 and ,care1 by ,isabel ,bevier2 and ,the ,house ,beautiful1 by ,w4 ,c4 ,gannett4 ,the ,american ,school of ,economics of ,chicago has some very useful books on its list on the building and furnishing of homes1 and there are hundreds of magazine articles on these and kindred subjects4 ,i--,,the ,,evolution ,,of ,,the ,,modern ,,house ,begin in the earliest times with the homes of the cave and lake dwellers1 the reed and wattle huts of primitive man1 and the tents of the nomads4 ,notice how1 as wandering groups settled1 civilization advanced and houses of wood and stone were erected4 ,follow with a study of the permanent and beautiful homes of the ,egyptians1 ,greeks1 and ,romans1 and show plans of the simple and harmonious interiors4 ,then contrast these with the dwellings of the ,norsemen1 the ,goths1 and other ruder nations1 and see how1 after they had conquered ,rome1 they carried back some ideas of comfort and beauty4 ,a good encyclopedia will furnish references on these subjects4 ,study the architecture of the ,middle ,ages1 the great castles of ,italy1 ,spain1 ,germany1 ,france1 and ,england1 with pictures from histories and encyclopedias4 ,mention carvings and ornaments in stone and wood1 used in these castles4 ,unless this topic is to be expanded into a study of architecture1 it is better at this point to take up ,english houses alone4 ,note the time when half-timbering prevailed1 shown still in many houses in ,warwickshire and elsewhere4 ,take up the ,tudor period1 when red brick was largely the material used and leaded casement windows are seen4 ,carved furniture1 panelled halls1 and elaborate furniture were also common4 ,the ,georgian and ,victorian periods follow1 and have a certain interest2 and then we come to our own country4 ,,ii--,,the ,,american ,,house ,houses built in ,colonial and ,revolutionary times were suggested by ,english styles1 and many were copies of existing houses4 ,they were largely built of wood1 and the lines were simple and artistic4 ,the ,old ,manse at ,concord1 the ,longfellow house at ,cambridge1 and well-known ,southern mansions are suggestive of the general style4 ,the ,dutch houses of the day were often of stone1 and were low1 with deep roofs and porches and huge fireplaces4 ,soon after #ahjj the period of experimental architecture began1 and has continued till of late1 when we are slowly turning backward toward the reproduction of old styles again4 ,nondescript houses1 constructed to please the passing fancy1 have been the rule2 mixed styles1 inartistic lines1 and scrollwork have disfigured them4 ,show from magazines the new ideas2 reproductions of old ,english homes1 ,french chateaux1 ,tudor mansions2 the combinations of brick1 stone1 and wood2 the use of cement1 stucco1 and stone4 ,we have adopted foreign ideas1 and are making them individual and valuable4 ,have each member of the club bring in pictures and plans of modern houses of all kinds1 those of the city1 the village1 the farm1 from the cheapest to the most costly1 and point out the new ideas and the old4 ,a good idea is to have a contest of plan-drawing on easy lines1 to give some practical knowledge of desirable points4 ,,iii--,,building ,a ,,home ,how shall one decide on a site for a new house8 ,embody these ideas in a paper3 ,see that the character of the neighborhood is desirable2 that the property in the vicinity is appreciating rather than depreciating4 ,note the relation of the trolleys or the railroad4 ,are they accessible1 yet not too near for comfort8 ,is the condition of the street on which the house will face attractive1 well kept1 and shaded8 ,is the lot in good condition8--not too full of stones1 not so low that it will require filling1 nor so high that it will need grading8 ,is it drained8 ,are city water and gas at hand8 ,is there shade8 ,is the outlook good8 ,if in a country district1 how near are the schools1 the church1 the markets8 ,what about the condition of the roads in winter8 ,study of materials3 ,will stone1 brick1 wood1 or cement be the best to use for this particular house1 and will one alone or two materials combined be preferable8 ,the use of local stone is often the best choice of all1 and gives a beautiful and durable house4 ,cement must be fortified1 or else have air-spaces4 ,cement or stucco combined with timbers is always artistic4 ,as to the plan of the house1 a careful study is necessary4 ,see the plans given in magazines and books1 and make notes of what suits the family needs best4 ,discuss the question1 ,is an architect really necessary1 or can a builder carry out a printed plan8 ,take up the placing of a house1 and observe that if it does not stand four-square1 but rather with the corners northeast1 northwest1 southeast1 and southwest1 sunshine will come into every room at some hour of the day4 ,have a paper or talk on the sanitation of the country and village house especially1 and of the necessity of overseering the plumbing intelligently4 ,the heating and the conveniences of the house should be considered4 ,speak especially of the point that each house should not only be attractive and convenient1 but suited to the needs of the individual family2 and here1 not the architect1 but the housekeeper and mother should assert herself4 ,,iv--,,the ,,remodelled ,,house ,what can be done to make over a city house that is unattractive8 ,a paper can easily be written on this up-to-date theme1 showing how a narrow brown-stone house with high front steps1 a basement dining-room1 and small rooms can be made over4 ,the outside can be covered with brick or stucco1 and perhaps blinds added4 ,the steps can be removed1 and an ,english entrance constructed directly from the street4 ,the stairs can be turned around1 making the hall much larger2 the dining-room can be put up-stairs1 with a dumb-waiter4 ,the small rooms1 perhaps dark1 can be thrown together into one large living-room1 and the windows enlarged4 ,wood floors can be laid1 dark wall-papers replaced with light1 and the whole will have a modern effect4 ,architects are specializing on this point4 ,what can be done to make over a village house8 ,all the ugly scrollwork can be removed from the porch and windows1 and any little pinnacles1 or perhaps a cupola from the roof4 ,a wide1 simple porch can replace the narrow one2 the house can then be shingled all over1 and stained1 or painted in a quiet color4 ,the small rooms may be thrown together1 making large ones1 and small doorways can be made wider4 ,the floors may be laid in hard wood or ,southern pine1 or maybe painted or stained1 and rugs may take the place of carpets4 ,the hangings may be dyed1 if they are too ornate2 the old wall-paper may be replaced by something plain and quiet2 the pictures may be rehung4 ,a bathroom may be put in1 if there is none4 ,the kitchen may be made more convenient4 ,the yard may be made attractive with trees and shrubs4 ,unsightly out-buildings may be removed2 the fence may be improved4 ,the porch may have vines and window-boxes1 and be furnished for a living-room1 with awnings1 chairs1 and a table4 ,what can be done to make over a farmhouse8 ,first of all1 the barns and out-buildings must be removed1 or hidden behind screens of trees or evergreens1 or at least painted or stained4 ,the yard must be put in order1 and shrubs and flowers set out4 ,the house front door must be opened1 and a porch1 or attractive entrance built1 with vines4 ,within1 the front room should be arranged for daily use1 with the doorway widened1 probably1 and the windows opened and screened4 ,the floor can be stained1 and a pretty rag rug laid down2 ugly furniture can be replaced with some of the simple1 old-fashioned sort that is in keeping with the character of the house4 ,a fireplace may possibly be opened1 and the pictures rehung on freshly papered walls4 ,the kitchen and dining-room may have more modern conveniences1 and water may be piped in from the windmill or spring4 ,the bedrooms may be made more airy1 and perhaps a bathroom added4 ,show pictures of made-over houses of these and other kinds1 and emphasize the fact that much may be done with little outlay of money4 ,speak of the new ideas in house-furnishing and the return to what is suitable rather than what is merely costly or modern4 ,make the papers practical1 and have club-members tell what they have seen accomplished4 ,v--,,the ,,summer ,,cottage ,this is one of the most fascinating subjects of the year4 ,begin by noting the kinds of houses needed for the mountains1 the seashore1 the inland plain or valley1 and the camp1 and their delightful variety4 ,the bungalow is the modern suggestion for any simple summer home1 and it is capable of infinite change to suit its surroundings4 ,the forest camp is usually planned to have several plain bungalows rather than one1 and they form a group1 one for sleeping1 one for dining1 one for cooking4 ,note the need of fireplaces1 of screened windows and doors1 and provision for storing food4 ,show how bunks can take the place of beds1 and the charm of an out-of-door dining-room4 ,seashore cottages should be built so as to avoid dampness2 for this reason stone or cement is not a good choice1 but wood1 with thin walls which dry quickly4 ,fireplaces are essential1 and deep porches on the sheltered side of the house4 ,there may be two stories to a bungalow of this kind1 rather than one1 and the inside may be ceiled with wood1 and stained rather than plastered4 ,inland cottages may be made of cobble or any native stone1 or of wood1 or cement1 or a combination4 ,there should be large1 deep porches1 to be used for living-rooms1 and1 if possible1 out-of-door sleeping-porches4 ,the house should be so placed as to command the best view1 especially of the sunsets4 ,there should be beautiful gardens all about the house4 ,show pictures of all these styles of cottage1 and of the famous ,california bungalows1 which are in every possible style and at all prices4 ,close this subject with a brief talk or paper on ,furnishing the ,summer ,home1 mentioning that it should be done appropriately1 not with left-over city furniture1 but with the plainer kinds which suit the house4 ,speak of simple and attractive curtains and hangings1 of the use of chintzes and cretonnes1 of white-painted beds and chairs1 of porch furniture4 ,notice also the labor-saving contrivances for summer kitchens4 ,have members tell of what they have seen and done in summer2 close with a talk on the names of summer houses4 ,,vi--,,the ,,apartment ,the remarkable multiplication of apartments in the last few years is noteworthy4 ,have their advantages and disadvantages presented1 and question3 ,what are the essentials of a good1 livable apartment8 ,suggest that the street should be accessible and as quiet as possible2 the rooms not too small nor too crowded2 that there should be light and air in the sleeping-rooms2 that a few good closets1 a sanitary bathroom1 a convenient kitchen1 are all necessary1 and a private hall is desirable4 ,discuss the question3 ,how does the furnishing of an apartment differ from that of a house8 ,present the suggestion that as the rooms are apt to be small there must not be too much furniture1 and that what there is should be plain1 and simply upholstered4 ,the wall-paper should be rather light in color1 and plain or self-figured2 to have it all of one kind makes the apartment look larger than if several kinds were used4 ,there should be few hangings1 and light curtains4 ,note also these questions3 ,how can spaces be saved in sleeping and other rooms8 ,what about heating and ventilation8 ,is living in an apartment hygienic8 ,does it tend to foster or discourage neighborliness8 ,does one form the habit of moving1 and is the sense of continuity of a permanent family home destroyed8 ,have a discussion arranged in advance on these and similar points4 ,,vii--,,furnishing ,,the ,,home ,this very practical subject may be expanded into several meetings1 since it is distinctly educational4 ,floors--,carpets versus bare floors and rugs4 ,what is the cost of hard wood1 of ,southern pine1 of painted or stained floors8 ,in the long run1 are such floors and the necessary rugs more or less expensive than carpets8 ,what sort of rugs are desirable beyond the ,oriental8 ,what are artistic1 durable1 harmonious in color and pattern8 ,what can be done with old carpets8 ,walls--,the necessity of proper proportion should be emphasized2 they should be neither too high nor too low for the size of the room4 ,if they are wrong1 what can be done8 ,show how papering can help the difficulty2 too low ceilings call for a narrow striped paper without a frieze2 a too high ceiling needs the calcimined ceiling carried down to a foot or more on the wall1 with a narrow molding where it meets the paper4 ,study the subject of wall-paper1 and show illustrations4 ,the dark paper absorbs the light4 ,the gilt-medallioned paper is inartistic2 hard1 bright colors are tiring to live with4 ,chintz papers are suitable for bedrooms4 ,notice the value of self-toned papers1 and of shades of tans and pale browns4 ,hangings--,have a paper or talk here4 ,describe the ugliness of highly colored1 fringed1 two-toned1 draped portieres1 and of imitation lace curtains1 such as ,nottingham1 and contrast with the beauty of simple1 plain hangings and curtains of net or muslin of good styles4 ,show pictures from catalogues of good and bad hangings4 ,do not overlook the fact that if windows are too large or too small1 too high or too low1 their outline can be altered by their treatment4 ,present the possibilities of stenciling4 ,furniture--,this topic gives opportunity for a whole meeting4 ,get catalogues from dealers1 and illustrate papers on different styles of furniture1 ,english of several periods1 ,french1 ,german1 ,colonial1 and the modern varieties of no period at all4 ,read from ,furniture of ,olden ,times1 by ,alice ,c4 ,morse4 ,show how the plain lines of old mahogany are forever beautiful4 ,contrast such furniture with the showy1 ornate1 over-elaborate things we too often see to-day4 ,make a point of the necessity of having few and simple chairs and tables in small rooms2 of the advantage of low bookcases over high ones2 the beauty of shaded lights over glaring white ones2 of side lights and lamps as better than a central chandelier or hanging lamp4 ,pictures should be of good subjects2 copies of great masters1 and of beautiful scenery or cathedrals1 can be had in photographs2 they should be plainly framed1 hung flat on the wall1 and opposite the eye4 ,bric-a-brac should be quiet in color and line1 rather than complex and pretentious2 speak of the value of pottery1 and1 if possible1 study a little of what is being done in arts and crafts in all lines4 ,a practical discussion may follow on1 ,what shall we do with our ugly belongings8 ,let someone show how carpets can be dyed or made into rugs1 furniture simplified by removing the cheap ornamentation and staining the whole1 bookcases cut down1 hangings made over4 ,,viii--,,special ,,rooms ,have illustrated papers or talks on these topics3 ,the ,living-,room--,how can it best be made beautiful and comfortable8 ,what colors are best8 what furniture8 what pictures and ornaments8 ,where shall the writing-desk1 the large table1 the piano1 stand8 ,what of the floor1 the curtains1 the cushions8 ,what is essential1 and what can we do without8 ,the ,dining-,room--,which side of the house is best to choose8 ,what colors are suitable for the walls8 ,what wood for the furniture8 ,what about a sideboard1 glass-closet1 pantry8 ,how can we make over what we have8 ,the ,bedrooms--,shall we use wood or metal beds8 ,what of the floor8 ,are wall-papers desirable8 ,what of the use of chintz and white paint8 ,what curtains and hangings are best8 ,what furniture can be home-made for the bedroom8 ,the ,boy's ,room--,how can it be at once sensible and attractive8 ,what sort of furniture will he like best1 and what colors8 ,shall there be a place for collections8 ,the ,girl's ,room--,how shall this be at once dainty and practical8 ,what colors are suitable8 ,if the room is small1 how can the space be best utilized8 ,does a pretty bedroom tend to make a girl orderly8 ,from this point have brief papers on other rooms3 the mother's room2 the guest-room2 the nursery2 the playroom2 the grandmother's room2 the out-of-door sleeping-room2 the hospital room2 the sewing-room2 the linen-closet2 the attic2 the cellar4 ,close with a practical paper on that important room in the home1 the kitchen4 ,show that it is a workroom1 to be furnished and used as such4 ,speak of the floor1 the walls1 and their finishing2 the tables and chairs2 the pantries2 the sink2 the range2 suggest labor-saving utensils and contrivances1 and use illustrations2 notice that the kitchen must be attractive as well as practical4 ,have members give ideas on all the topics4 ,,ix--,,the ,,care ,,of ,,the ,,house ,prepare in advance a discussion on these subjects3 ,how much care shall we put on our houses8 ,shall women give up all their time to keeping them clean and orderly8 ,what can they do to save steps8 ,how much can the children help8 ,shall boys be taught housework8 ,what can be eliminated from the daily routine8 ,if desired1 there might be a practical talk on the necessity of keeping paint in good condition1 to protect the wood underneath2 of the care of glass1 silver1 marble1 brass1 hard wood2 of how to prevent moths and mice1 and of how often carpets must come up4 ,it is better1 however1 to take up the larger aspects of the question1 using such suggestions for talks or papers as these3 ,has housekeeping lost some of its difficulties to-day8 ,what about modern appliances to avoid sweeping1 and the like8 ,has house-cleaning lost its terrors8 ,can the average woman consider housekeeping as a profession8 and if so1 how and where can she best be trained8 ,compare the modern housekeeper with the one of half a century ago4 ,show how the trained housekeeper is a practical domestic economist4 ,discuss1 ,business-like ,housekeeping2 ,how shall we best train our daughters in it8 ,if there is time1 take up the servant question4 ,are our ideas changing on this subject8 ,present the new plans for specialists1 with set hours1 and the like4 ,x--,,gardens ,this is one of the subjects which can be indefinitely expanded2 indeed1 a whole year's study might easily be put on it4 ,begin with a study of historic gardens from the earliest times1 and read ,bacon's well-known essay4 ,then turn to the gardens of to-day1 and begin with the description of what can be done in an apartment when one can have only window-boxes2 take up the tiny plots behind city houses1 and show what can be done there1 with vines over the fences1 climbing roses over a little arbor1 narrow beds by the edge of the grass2 show pictures of what has been done1 if possible4 ,the lawn and small yard of a suburban house can next be studied1 and here a little ingenuity can be shown to accomplish a great deal4 ,speak of the use of bulbs2 of little cold-frames2 of raising grapes under glass in a small way1 and of annuals1 shrubs1 vines1 and roses4 ,the large gardens of our modern country houses deserve especial mention4 ,have as many pictures as possible of these4 ,notice the formal gardens1 the ,italian gardens1 the sunken gardens1 the rose gardens1 the massed shrubs1 the walls of brick and stone1 covered with vines4 ,the adjuncts of the gardens are often most beautiful also1 the pergolas1 the marble and terra-cotta vases and seats1 the sun-dials1 the fountains1 the lily-ponds1 and the vistas cut through the trees4 ,old-fashioned and herb gardens1 kitchen and market gardens1 growing violets and roses to sell1 and the raising of unusual seeds and plants are all topics of interest both theoretical and practical4 ,,chapter ,,xiii ,,nature ,i--,,trees #a4 ,trees ,that ,are ,familiar to ,us--,our home varieties3 nut-trees1 foliage-trees1 evergreens1 etc42 fruit-trees and their care4 #b4 ,trees ,that ,are ,strange to ,us--,mahogany and other ,central and ,south ,american trees2 teakwood2 cedars of ,lebanon2 redwoods of ,california4 #c4 ,the ,art of ,forestry--,need of forestry2 history of the movement2 the ,united ,states ,department4 #d4 ,the ,tree in ,sentiment and ,literature--,famous trees 7the ,charter ,oak1 ,king ,arthur's ,oak1 the ,washington ,elm1 etc472 poetry about trees2 ,tennyson's trees2 ,shakespeare's trees4 ,,readings--,w4 ,c4 ,bryant3 ,a ,forest ,hymn 7in part74 ,longfellow3 ,evangeline 7opening lines74 ,whittier3 ,the ,palm ,tree4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,julia ,e4 ,rogers3 ,the ,tree ,book4 ,what is ,forestry8 7,u4 ,s4 ,div4 ,forestry ,bulletin #e74 ,g4 ,pinchot3 ,a ,primer of ,forestry 7,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agri4 ,farmers' ,bulletin #agc1 #ceh74 ,there are magazines which may easily be consulted for subjects for discussion on landscape-gardening1 the grouping of shrubs and trees1 and similar themes4 ,there may be a valuable paper on ,insects ,which ,destroy ,our ,trees1 and ,how to ,deal with ,them2 the ,agricultural ,department at ,washington will gladly send pamphlets which will be of great use4 ,there might also be a talk on ,the ,lumberman and the ,government1 and another on ,the ,paper ,manufacturer and the ,government1 and a third on ,forestry as a ,profession for ,young ,men4 ,,ii--,,local ,,geology #a4 ,geologic ,ages ,represented in the ,united ,states--,estimate of geologic time4 ,characteristics of the particular ages in this locality4 ,volcanic action and its effects1 with local illustrations4 ,action of water4 #b4 ,a ,geological ,history of the ,local ,region as ,far as ,it ,can ,be ,constructed4 #c4 ,fossil ,remains of ,plants and ,animals in the ,neighborhood--,contents of local collections and museums described4 #d4 ,value of ,local ,rocks and ,soils--,use of rocks for building1 for roads1 for chemical purposes4 ,analysis of soils and description of their best use in agriculture4 ,defects of local soils from the agricultural standpoint1 and the remedy for them4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,dana3 ,manual of ,geology4 ,shaler3 ,outline of the ,earth's ,history4 ,u4 ,s4 ,geological ,survey4 7,get local reports47 ,discuss the importance of interesting the school-children in the local geology4 ,what excursions may they take in the vicinity for this purpose8 ,the value of making collections for school or town use is also a suitable topic4 ,are there readable books on geology in the public library1 and are they read8 ,in preparation for this meeting the chairman may obtain literature from the ,secretary of ,agriculture in ,washington1 on soils1 and what can be done to improve them4 ,,iii--,,water ,,in ,,nature #a4 ,the ,distribution of ,water on the ,globe--,water in prehistoric times4 ,geological action4 ,the ,ice ,age4 ,the unceasing circulation of water3 clouds1 rain1 streams1 etc4 ,the coloration of water 7blue lakes1 green seas1 brown streams1 etc474 #b4 ,the ,ocean--,the open sea4 ,movement of tides4 ,famous tides4 ,the beach3 sands1 pebbles1 shells1 seaweeds1 etc4 ,the surf4 ,ocean traffic4 ,lighthouses and lightships4 #c4 ,lakes--,the great lakes of the ,united ,states4 ,differences between them4 ,their commerce4 ,small lakes4 ,great ,salt ,lake4 ,lakes in ,maine1 ,wisconsin1 ,canada1 the ,adirondacks1 etc4 ,ponds4 ,famous ponds 7,walden1 etc474 #d4 ,rivers--,the ,mississippi4 ,the ,hudson4 ,canal-boat life4 ,little rivers and their charm4 ,the river as a highway4 ,river-craft 7canoes1 etc474 #f4 ,relation of ,water and ,human ,life--,water in hygiene4 ,famous springs4 ,irrigation and forestry4 ,the revival of the canal as an instrument of commerce4 ,water in literature and art4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,wright3 ,the ,ice ,age in ,america4 ,reclus3 ,the ,ocean4 ,russell3 ,the ,rivers of ,north ,america4 ,fuertes3 ,water and ,public ,health4 ,a practical paper may be prepared on the ,local ,water-,supply and the ,danger to ,health from ,well-,water and ,impure ,ice4 ,have a brief paper on the ,suez and ,panama ,canals1 with illustrations of the latter4 ,describe the systems of locks in the ,sault ,sainte ,marie4 ,consider the subject of house-boats on rivers4 ,have readings from ,byron on the ocean2 from ,clough's ,bothie 7the idyll of swimming72 from ,van ,dyke's ,little ,rivers1 and from ,thoreau's ,walden4 ,,iv--,,insect-,,life #a4 ,beetles 7,coleoptera7--,great tropical beetles4 ,common local varieties3 ladybugs1 the potato-bug4 ,wood-beetles and their destructiveness4 #b4 ,ants1 ,bees1 and ,wasps--,their life-history1 habits1 and products4 ,relation to man4 ,readings from ,lubbock1 ,mc,cook1 and ,maeterlinck4 #c4 ,butterflies--,life-history and transformations4 ,gorgeous varieties of equatorial regions4 ,local varieties described4 #d4 ,a ,practical ,knowledge of ,insect-,life--,for the farmer3 protecting crops1 animals and trees4 ,for the town resident3 care of trees and plants4 ,for the housewife3 household pests1 and how to deal with them3 the moth1 the cockroach1 etc4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,comstock3 ,manual for the ,study of ,insects4 ,buckley3 ,insect ,life4 ,holland3 ,the ,butterfly ,book4 ,osborn3 ,insects ,affecting ,domestic ,animals4 ,this meeting may be made a very practical one4 ,begin with the life-story of the bee as helpful to mothers and teachers in explaining to children the meaning of sex4 ,read from ,the ,bee ,people1 by ,morley1 to illustrate the point4 ,have a paper on ,the ,danger of ,contagion from the ,house-fly and the ,mosquito2 give preventives for these pests1 the red ant1 the moth-miller1 and the bedbug4 ,v--,,fish #a4 ,introductory ,paper--,the place of fish in the scale of life4 ,their structure and habits4 ,fossil fish4 ,peculiar fish3 of the tropics1 of the deep sea1 of caves4 ,flying fish4 #b4 ,local ,fishes--,description of varieties and their habits4 ,stocking of local waters by the ,united ,states ,fish ,commission4 ,fish culture4 #c4 ,commercial ,fisheries--,whaling and its romance4 ,cod1 mackerel1 and herring4 ,reading from ,kipling's ,captains ,courageous4 ,salmon-fishing on the ,pacific coast4 ,the ,canneries4 ,international laws about fishing4 #d4 ,angling--,the ethics of the sport4 ,methods of equipment3 fly-fishing1 trolling1 chumming1 etc4 ,the literature of fishing4 ,read from ,walton's ,angler and ,henry ,van ,dyke's ,fisherman's ,luck4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,guenther3 ,introduction to the ,study of ,fishes4 ,goode3 ,american ,fishes4 ,louis ,rhead3 ,book of ,fish and ,fishing4 ,bullen3 ,denizens of the ,deep4 ,a talk on ,fish as ,food might be introduced into this program1 or a reading from ,atwater's book entitled1 ,the ,chemical ,composition and ,nutritive ,value of ,american ,food and ,fishes ,invertebrates4 ,in a farming community the value of fish as a fertilizer might well be considered4 ,fishing birds1 kingfishers1 gulls1 pelicans1 and cormorants1 especially the trained cormorants of ,china1 are of interest4 ,the program might close with some stories1 perhaps1 of the old whaling days of ,nantucket1 or some from the book called1 ,fish ,stories1 by ,holder and ,jordan4 ,,vi--,,wild ,,animals #a4 ,local ,wild ,animals--,squirrels1 rabbits1 moles1 hedgehogs1 woodchucks1 gophers1 etc4 ,their habits4 ,what they mean to the farmer4 #b4 ,large ,game in the ,united ,states--,deer1 moose1 elk1 buffalo1 mountain sheep1 wildcats1 bears4 ,the preservation of wild animals4 ,the ,yellowstone ,park4 ,private preserves in ,new ,england1 etc4 #c4 ,beasts of ,prey--,lions1 tigers1 leopards1 jaguars1 wolves1 etc4 ,moving pictures of animals in a wild state4 ,skins and their value4 #d4 ,monkeys--,varieties and description of them4 ,capacity for training4 ,discuss ,garner's theory of a monkey language4 ,what about the ,darwinian theory8 #e4 ,zooelogical ,gardens1 and ,menageries--,le ,jardin des ,plantes4 ,amsterdam4 ,berlin 7largest in the world74 ,london 7second largest74 ,the ,bronx ,zoo in ,new ,york4 ,its architecture4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,flome and ,lydekker3 ,the ,study of ,mammals4 ,elliot3 ,synopsis of the ,mammals of ,north ,america4 ,romanes3 ,animal ,intelligence4 ,roosevelt3 ,the ,wilderness ,hunter1 and ,african ,game ,trails4 ,if there is time1 have an introductory paper on fossil wild animals1 especially those of the ,carboniferous ,age1 with pictures of such skeletons or reproductions of skeletons as those in the ,american ,museum of ,natural ,history in ,new ,york4 ,give also a resume of ,huxley's essay on the horse4 ,close with a discussion of the psychology of animals4 ,do they think and reason8 ,refer to ,darwin's ,origin of ,species and ,descent of ,man4 ,read from ,maeterlinck's essay on the dog4 ,,vii--,,domestic ,,animals #a4 ,horses--,origin of the horse4 ,varieties in different countries3 the ,arabian horse1 ,norman draft-horses1 the ,american trotting-horse1 the broncho4 ,readings from ,huxley's essay on ,the ,horse1 and ,black ,beauty4 #b4 ,cattle--,world-wide use and value4 ,sacred bulls of ,egypt and cows of ,india4 ,famous breeds3 ,jerseys1 ,alderneys1 ,holsteins4 ,pure milk1 and how to get it4 ,butter and cheese making4 ,the world's beef-supply4 ,meat as a diet4 #c4 ,swine--,comparison of surviving wild and domestic varieties4 ,history of the use of pork as a food4 ,commercial uses of the several parts of the pig 7skin1 bristles1 bones1 etc474 #d4 ,sheep and ,goats--,characteristics and varieties4 ,raising sheep or goats as a business3 the best regions1 and the best breeds of animals for commercial purposes4 ,conditions of success4 #e4 ,dogs and ,cats--,antiquity of their domestication4 ,varieties and their qualities4 ,dogs as pack-animals1 as hunters1 in police work1 as pets4 ,readings from ,agnes ,repplier1 ,the ,household ,sphinx1 and ,maeterlinck on the ,dog4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,olive ,thorne ,miller3 ,our ,home ,pets4 ,n4 ,s4 ,shaler3 ,domesticated ,animals4 ,c4 ,a4 ,shamel3 ,profitable ,stock ,raising4 ,theophile ,gauthier3 ,my ,household of ,pets4 ,one paper might be written on the horse in mythology and literature 7,pegasus1 ,bucephalus1 etc472 another on famous race-courses and racers4 ,in farming communities take up the subject of horse-raising1 sanitary barns1 etc4 ,a third paper may be on ,american packing-houses2 a fourth on shepherds1 ancient and modern1 and stories of shepherd-dogs2 a fifth on famous dogs4 ,illustrate the last with a reading from ,rab and ,his ,friends4 ,,viii--,,birds #a4 ,birds of the ,water and the ,shore--,the sea-gull1 loon1 wild geese and ducks4 ,herons1 pelicans1 curlew4 #b4 ,birds of ,prey--,eagles1 vultures1 hawks4 #c4 ,birds as ,game--,pheasants1 pigeons1 quail1 grouse1 wild turkeys4 #d4 ,birds of the ,night--,owls1 night-hawks4 #e4 ,birds and ,insects--,woodpeckers1 bee-eaters1 swifts4 #f4 ,birds of ,song--,the nightingale1 the mocking-bird1 thrushes1 warblers4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,robert ,ridgway3 ,manual of ,north ,american ,birds4 ,h4 ,k4 ,job3 ,how to ,study ,birds4 ,chapman3 ,bird ,life4 ,beetham3 ,photography for ,bird ,lovers4 ,weed and ,dearborn3 ,birds in ,their ,relation to ,man4 ,if there is time1 have these papers also3 ,birds' nests in the different climates2 the coloring of birds' eggs2 the plumage of birds and its use in millinery2 bird songs2 bird study with opera-glass and camera4 ,have several readings from ,burroughs' ,wake ,robin1 and ,mrs4 ,olive ,thorne ,miller's ,little ,brothers of the ,air4 ,,ix--,,flowers #a4 ,the ,study of ,botany as a ,recreation--,character of the local neighborhood4 ,the humble plants and flowers3 grasses1 mosses1 ferns1 and water plants4 ,the herbarium4 #b4 ,wild ,flowers of the ,forest1 the ,swamp1 the ,mountain1 and the ,prairie4 #c4 ,cultivated ,flowers--,house plants4 ,the amateur greenhouse4 ,window boxes4 ,curious flowers and orchids4 #d4 ,gardens and ,gardening--,literature 7,evelyn1 etc474 ,cultivation of annuals4 ,raising of spring flowers4 ,flowers for market4 ,italian gardens4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,gray3 ,botanical ,text ,book4 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,s4 ,dana3 ,how to ,know the ,wild ,flowers4 ,caroline ,a4 ,creevey3 ,flowers of ,field1 ,hill and ,swamp4 ,h4 ,l4 ,keller3 ,our ,garden ,flowers4 ,kerner3 ,flowers and ,their ,unbidden ,guests4 ,the subject of gardens can be extended to cover an entire program4 ,the literature of the subject has become very great1 and many interesting and beautiful readings may be chosen from such books as ,ruskin's ,proserpina1 ,elizabeth and ,her ,german ,garden1 and ,mabel ,osgood ,wright's ,garden of a ,commuter's ,wife4 ,an entire paper might be given to the fascinating subject of sun-dials4 ,another might deal with the literature of the rose1 or the relation of plants and insects1 or the color of flowers 7consult ,grant ,allen74 ,x--,,shrubs1 ,,vines1 ,,ferns1 ,,mosses1 ,,lichens #a4 ,shrubs--,flowering shrubs suited to the climate4 ,what shrubs are best adapted for hedges locally8 ,do hedges pay8 ,the grouping of shrubs on lawns1 and the principles involved4 ,landscape-gardening and its history and local application4 #b4 ,vines--,ornamental and fruit-bearing varieties4 ,the ,japan ivy1 ,english ivy1 woodbine4 ,care of vines and covering in winter4 ,the enemies of vines4 ,pasteur and what he did for ,france4 ,the ,english sparrow4 ,arbors and their construction and style4 ,value of the quickly growing vines1 honeysuckle1 moon-vine1 etc4 #c4 ,ferns--,local varieties4 ,description of tropical ferns4 ,ferns in the house1 and their care4 ,the ,boston1 sword1 and asparagus ferns4 ,ferneries and how to make and care for them4 ,fern balls4 #d4 ,mosses and ,lichens--,description of varieties4 ,remarkable mosses of the arctic and the tropic zones4 ,edible mosses4 ,the reindeer and its modern propagation4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,w4 ,c4 ,mc,collum3 ,vines and ,how to ,grow ,them4 ,n4 ,l4 ,marshall3 ,mosses and ,lichens4 ,w4 ,i4 ,beecroft3 ,who's ,who ,among the ,ferns4 ,d4 ,c4 ,eaton3 ,ferns of ,north ,america4 ,this meeting may be made practical by considering how to beautify unattractive houses and grounds by the use of vines and shrubs4 ,inartistic verandas may be covered with ,japanese ivy1 unsightly fences taken down and replaced with hedges1 and back yards concealed by screens of large shrubs4 ,photographs of transformed houses and yards may be shown4 ,,chapter ,,xiv ,,the ,,great ,,english ,,novelists ,i--,,sir ,,walter ,,scott #a4 ,story of ,his ,life3 in the ,country--,love of the ,scottish countryside2 saturation with old legends as a child2 interest in odd characters4 #b4 ,story of ,his ,life3 in the ,city--,homes in ,edinburgh2 relation to the law2 his personal friends2 his connection with the ,ballantynes and publishing2 his marriage and family2 the building of ,abbotsford2 the last years4 #c4 ,as a ,poet--,influence of ballads2 simplicity of form4 #d4 ,readings from ,his ,poetry--,lay of the ,last ,minstrel2 ,lady of the ,lake4 #e4 ,as a ,novelist--,the anonymous ,waverley2 rapidity of production2 historic scope of the novels4 #f4 ,readings from ,his ,novels--,guy ,mannering 7,meg ,merrilies72 ,ivanhoe 7the tourney72 ,heart of ,midlothian 7,effie ,deans74 ,,discussion--,a comparison of ,scott with later writers of historical novels4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,lockhart3 ,life of ,scott4 ,r4 ,h4 ,hutton3 ,scott 7,english ,men of ,letters ,series74 ,washington ,irving's account of his visit to ,abbotsford4 ,have a talk on ,scott's romantic love-story and his later courtship and marriage4 ,give an account of his friendships1 especially of that with ,marjorie ,fleming1 and read from ,dr4 ,brown's book about her life4 ,tell of the dogs ,scott loved4 ,describe ,abbotsford and ,melrose2 describe his death and the burial at ,dryburgh2 use as many photographs as can be obtained4 ,,ii--,,jane ,,austen #a4 ,the ,story of ,jane ,austen's ,life--,the county society2 the material for her novels2 her method of composition4 #b4 ,emma and ,mansfield ,park--,analysis of the plots and the characters4 ,jane ,austen's men and her women4 #c4 ,jane ,austen's ,masterpiece3 ,pride and ,prejudice--,the story4 ,the author's sense of humor4 ,readings3 ,the ball2 ,mr4 ,collins' letter1 etc4 #d4 ,the ,place of ,jane ,austen in ,modern ,english ,literature--,the pioneer novelist of modern society4 ,her realism4 ,estimates by ,howells and others4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,life of ,jane ,austen1 by her nephew1 ,j4 ,e4 ,austen ,leigh4 ,letters1 edited by ,lord ,brabourne4 ,life1 by ,oscar ,fay ,adams4 ,life1 by ,walter ,pollock4 ,miss ,austen is a charming subject1 with many points of interest4 ,the family life at ,steventon is one2 her letter-writing is another2 her meeting with ,thackeray is a third4 ,read from her letters1 her brief unfinished comedy1 and her poem4 ,describe her burial-place in ,winchester ,cathedral4 ,,iii--,,charlotte ,,bronte #a4 ,the ,story of her ,life--,the home on the moors at ,haworth1 father and brother1 the three brilliant sisters2 boarding-school life2 ,brussels2 her literary career1 marriage1 death4 #b4 ,the ,professor and ,jane ,eyre--,the ,professor3 rejection by the publishers4 ,estimate of it to-day4 ,jane ,eyre3 realistic and dramatic qualities4 ,england's disapproval4 #c4 ,shirley and ,villette--,shirley3 ,first novel by a woman dealing with the industrial problem4 ,its realism4 ,character of ,shirley contrasted with that of ,jane ,eyre4 ,villette3 ,local color4 ,character of ,madame ,beck4 #d4 ,her ,personal ,experience as ,reflected in ,her ,novels--,the moors1 boarding-school experiences1 life in ,brussels1 the manufacturing region of ,england4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,mrs4 ,gaskell3 ,life of ,charlotte ,bronte4 ,t4 ,w4 ,reid3 ,life of ,charlotte ,bronte4 ,clement ,shorter3 ,charlotte ,bronte and ,her ,circle4 ,the life of the three remarkable sisters1 known at the time as ,currer1 ,acton and ,ellis ,bell1 is full of deep interest4 ,illustrate the program with readings from ,charlotte's ,jane ,eyre1 ,emily's ,wuthering ,heights1 and ,anne's ,tenant of ,wildfell ,hall4 ,read a few of their verses also4 ,contrast ,charlotte with ,jane ,austen4 ,close with several brief selections from ,mrs4 ,gaskell's ,life of ,charlotte4 ,,iv--,,thackeray #a4 ,the ,story of ,his ,life--,school days at the ,charterhouse4 ,cambridge4 ,study of art abroad4 ,the ,constitutional4 ,newspaper work4 ,his marriage and his daughters4 ,his first novel4 ,his lectures4 ,the ,english ,humorist1 and later1 ,the ,four ,georges4 ,visits to ,america4 ,attempt at political life4 ,editor of ,cornhill ,magazine4 ,read ,thackeray's ,death1 in ,spare ,hours1 by ,dr4 ,john ,brown4 #b4 ,vanity ,fair--,the novel without a hero4 ,becky ,sharp3 intellect minus heart2 ,amelia ,sedley3 heart minus intellect4 ,interest of the historical setting4 ,read from the ,duchess of ,richmond's ball4 #c4 ,henry ,esmond1 and ,the ,virginians--,henry ,esmond3 its place as one of the few great novels4 ,the historical setting4 ,character of ,beatrix4 ,is the estimate of the ,duke of ,marlborough just8 ,the ,virginians3 connection with ,henry ,esmond4 ,is the ,american color correct8 ,reading3 scene between ,beatrix and the ,pretender4 #d4 ,pendennis1 and ,the ,newcomes--,pendennis3 ,london newspaper life4 ,compare the characters of ,laura and ,helen4 ,the ,newcomes3 most popular of the novels4 ,theme3 the unhappy marriage4 ,the character of ,colonel ,newcome4 ,reading3 the ,charterhouse and the death of ,colonel ,newcome4 #e4 ,thackeray's ,place in the ,literary ,world--,his instant success as a novelist4 ,his friendships among men of letters4 ,his warmth of affection4 ,discussion of his satire4 ,his place as social preacher4 ,is ,taine's estimate of him just8 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,biographical and ,harry ,furniss's editions of the novels 7introductions74 ,melvill3 ,life of ,thackeray4 ,merivale and ,marzials3 ,life of ,thackeray4 ,chesterton3 ,thackeray4 ,riding3 ,thackeray's ,london4 ,v--,,dickens #a4 ,the ,man and the ,author--,his early life of hardship and the material it furnished him4 ,reminiscences in ,david ,copperfield4 ,newspaper life and ,sketches by ,boz4 ,origin of this name4 ,the launching of ,pickwick4 ,growing fame4 ,marriage4 ,trips to ,america4 ,dickens as actor and reader4 ,home at ,gad's ,hill4 ,grave in ,westminster ,abbey4 #b4 ,the ,humor and ,pathos of ,dickens--,pickwick as a type of pure humor4 ,the grotesque1 illustrated by ,quilp1 ,squeers1 ,uriah ,heep4 ,the farcical1 as illustrated by ,micawber1 ,pecksniff1 and ,sarah ,gamp4 ,pathos in ,tiny ,tim1 ,paul ,dombey1 and ,little ,nell4 ,reading from ,bardell vs4 ,pickwick1 and the death of ,little ,nell 7,old ,curiosity ,shop74 #c4 ,dickens as a ,humanitarian--,little ,dorrit and prison reform4 ,bleak ,house and the law's delay4 ,nicholas ,nickleby and poor schools4 ,oliver ,twist and youthful criminals4 #d4 ,his ,greatest ,novel3 ,david ,copperfield--,discuss the plot and the chief characters4 ,notice the individuality of the women3 ,mrs4 ,copperfield1 ,miss ,murdstone1 ,betsy ,trotwood1 ,peggotty1 ,little ,emily1 ,dora1 and ,agnes4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,forster3 ,life of ,dickens4 ,letters of ,charles ,dickens4 ,g4 ,k4 ,chesterton3 ,charles ,dickens4 ,gissing3 ,charles ,dickens4 ,a paper comparing ,dickens and ,thackeray may be added to this program1 for ,dombey and ,son1 ,dickens's sixth successful novel1 appeared the same year as ,vanity ,fair1 ,thackeray's first4 ,there might be a paper on ,the ,names of ,dickens's ,characters1 and ,where ,he ,got ,them4 ,,vi--,,trollope #a4 ,his ,life--,son of the novelist ,frances ,m4 ,trollope4 ,unhappy life at ,winchester and ,harrow4 ,in the postal service4 7,see ,the ,three ,clerks for the examination of ,charley ,tudor--,trollope's own experience47 ,post-office surveys in ,ireland4 ,travels on post-office business4 ,material thus gathered4 ,his forty novels4 ,first good novel1 ,the ,warden4 ,the idea of it suggested while wandering about ,salisbury ,cathedral4 ,popularity and large earnings4 #b4 ,the ,barsetshire ,novels--,deal with upper middle class1 especially clergymen and their families4 ,pictures of quiet country life4 ,realism4 ,evenness of tone4 ,favorite situation3 the man who has compromised himself and is in danger of ruin4 ,description of the leading characters in these novels4 #c4 ,four ,novels--,give brief sketch of plot and description of the chief characters in ,orley ,farm1 ,phineas ,finn1 ,the ,vicar of ,bullhampton1 and ,can ,you ,forgive ,her8 ,readings from these books4 #d4 ,a ,comparison of ,trollope with ,dickens and ,thackeray--,their materials1 plots1 methods of treatment1 and diverse styles4 ,their relative popularity and standing to-day4 ,influence of ,thackeray on ,trollope4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,anthony ,trollope3 ,autobiography4 ,cross3 ,the ,development of the ,english ,novel4 ,saintsbury3 ,english ,literature of the ,nineteenth ,century4 ,one of the famous women in the books of this decade is ,mrs4 ,proudie1 the wife of the ,bishop of ,barchester4 ,read a description of her1 her methods of management1 and the retribution which overtook her4 ,the ,rev4 ,mr4 ,slope is also a well-known character in connection with the ,proudies4 ,,vii--,,bulwer ,,lytton #a4 ,life--,birth and childhood4 ,fondness for medieval romances 7compare ,sir ,walter ,scott74 ,cambridge and the ,chancellor's gold medal4 ,romantic adventures in the ,north4 ,unhappy marriage4 ,necessity the motive to work4 ,twelve novels in ten years4 ,his plays4 ,parliament4 ,colonial secretaryship4 ,the peerage4 ,westminster ,abbey4 #b4 ,novels--,the novel of society3 ,pelham4 ,the novel of adventure3 ,paul ,clifford4 ,the novel of crime3 ,eugene ,aram4 ,the novel of domestic life3 ,my ,novel4 ,the novel of history3 ,last ,days of ,pompeii4 #c4 ,plays--,lady of ,lyons1 ,richelieu1 ,money4 ,analysis of plots1 description of chief characters1 and readings4 #d4 ,critical ,estimate of ,his ,work and ,place in ,literature4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,life of ,bulwer ,lytton1 by his ,son4 ,bulwer ,lytton's ,letters4 ,t4 ,h4 ,s4 ,escott3 ,edward ,bulwer4 ,lewis ,melville3 ,victorian ,novelists4 ,j4 ,f4 ,molloy3 ,famous ,plays4 ,bulwer ,lytton was a personage in society in his day4 ,contrast his life with that of his contemporaries1 ,thackeray and ,disraeli4 ,compare ,vanity ,fair and ,coningsby with ,pelham4 ,distinguish between ,bulwer ,lytton and his son1 who was viceroy of ,india and author of the once-popular ,lucile4 ,explain why ,bulwer ,lytton's plays have more vitality than his novels4 ,,viii--,,george ,,eliot #a4 ,the ,story of ,her ,life--,materials for her novels in her early life4 ,evangelical training and later change in her religious views4 ,life with ,lewes and his encouragement of her writing4 ,literary friendships4 ,marriage to ,cross4 #b4 ,scenes from ,clerical ,life1 and ,silas ,marner--,story of the appearance of the ,scenes and of her nom de plume4 ,reading from ,silas ,marner4 #c4 ,adam ,bede--,study of ,retribution4 ,felix ,holt--,study of labor4 ,readings4 #d4 ,mill on the ,floss--,study of family life4 ,middlemarch--,study of selfishness4 ,readings4 #e4 ,romola--,study of historic ,florence4 ,daniel ,deronda--,study of the ,jew4 ,readings4 #f4 ,comparison of ,george ,eliot with ,thackeray1 ,dickens1 and ,trollope--,her ethical quality as a writer4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,j4 ,w4 ,cross3 ,life of ,george ,eliot4 ,oscar ,browning3 ,life of ,george ,eliot4 ,mathilde ,blind3 ,george ,eliot4 ,c4 ,s4 ,olcott3 ,george ,eliot3 ,scenes and ,people in ,her ,novels1 illustrated from photographs4 ,also essays by ,sir ,leslie ,stephen1 ,e4 ,h4 ,a4 ,scherer1 ,e4 ,dowden1 ,r4 ,h4 ,hutton1 and ,henry ,james4 ,no program on ,george ,eliot would be complete without a brief presentation of her poetry4 ,a scene may be read from the ,spanish ,gipsy1 a selection from ,how ,lisa ,loved the ,king1 and the whole of the beautiful short poem1 ,oh ,may ,i ,join the ,choir ,invisible4 ,a description of her grave in ,highgate ,cemetery in ,london1 and its inscription1 may conclude4 ,,ix--,,robert ,,louis ,,stevenson #a4 ,story of ,his ,life--,childhood and ,edinburgh ,university4 ,travels on the ,continent4 ,trip to ,america4 ,first writing for publication4 ,story of his books4 ,samoa4 ,reading of passages from his letters4 #b4 ,short ,stories--,his fantastic imagination4 ,style and how he cultivated it4 ,readings from the ,new ,arabian ,nights4 ,analysis of ,dr4 ,jekyll and ,mr4 ,hyde4 #c4 ,essays and ,sketches--,variety of subject and versatility of treatment4 ,readings from ,crabbed ,age and ,youth1 ,john ,knox and ,women1 and ,in the ,south ,seas4 #d4 ,scotch ,adventures--,analysis and description of ,the ,master of ,ballantrae1 ,kidnapped1 ,david ,balfour1 ,weir of ,hermiston4 ,reading from ,kidnapped4 #e4 ,varied ,romances--,treasure ,island1 ,prince ,otto1 ,the ,black ,arrow1 ,the ,wrecker1 ,the ,ebb ,tide4 ,note the great variety of material4 ,reading from ,treasure ,island4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,graham ,balfour3 ,life of ,robert ,louis ,stevenson4 ,a4 ,h4 ,japp3 ,robert ,louis ,stevenson4 ,john ,kelman3 ,the ,faith of ,robert ,louis ,stevenson4 ,isobel ,osbourne ,strong3 ,robert ,louis ,stevenson4 ,a program on ,stevenson should certainly mention his poems4 ,read from his ,a ,child's ,garden of ,verse4 ,notice also his prayers1 which have had large circulation and use in the religious world4 ,there might be a paper on the varied appreciation of ,stevenson by his biographers1 noting especially ,henley4 ,show pictures of ,stevenson1 and especially of the bas-relief of him made by ,saint-,gaudens for ,st4 ,giles's ,cathedral in ,edinburgh4 ,x--,,george ,,meredith #a4 ,the ,man--,story of his life and remarkable friendships4 ,peculiarities4 ,his style and satire4 ,compare his prose with ,browning's verse4 ,were they purposely obscure8 ,why is ,meredith not more popular8 ,his later days4 ,compare him with ,dickens and ,thackeray4 #b4 ,richard ,feverel1 and ,beauchamp's ,career--,analysis of the plots and description of the chief characters4 ,have these books a moral8 ,discuss the novel as a teacher of morals4 ,readings4 #c4 ,the ,egoist--,analysis of the plot and description of the chief character1 ,sir ,willoughby ,patterne4 ,is his refined and unconscious selfishness a common occurrence8 ,discuss the proper limits of egotism4 ,quotation of clever sayings4 #d4 ,diana of the ,crossways1 ,one of ,our ,conquerors1 ,the ,shaving of ,shagpat--,description in detail of these books1 and their purposes4 ,if possible1 indicate any characters supposed to be from life4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,e4 ,j4 ,bailey3 ,the ,novels of ,george ,meredith4 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,d4 ,henderson3 ,george ,meredith1 ,novelist1 ,poet1 ,reformer4 ,r4 ,le ,gallienne3 ,george ,meredith1 ,some ,characteristics4 ,j4 ,w4 ,beach3 ,the ,comic ,spirit on ,george ,meredith4 ,have a brief paper on ,george ,meredith as a poet and the various estimates of his poetry by literary critics2 read from some of the best-known poems4 ,indicate ,meredith's relation to the ,feminist ,movement4 ,look up in the magazines published at the time of his death something about his manuscripts and how he disposed of them4 ,,chapter ,,xv ,,english ,,novelists ,,of ,,to-,,day ,,introduction ,there is at the present day a more than usually interesting group of writers in ,england4 ,their personality is delightful1 and their point of view is eminently modern1 full of the spirit of the times4 ,the material for study must be gleaned largely from magazine articles1 and by looking over the files of such publications as the ,review of ,reviews1 the ,literary ,digest1 the ,outlook1 and the ,bookman1 there will be found sketches of the lives and work of all those given here4 ,in addition the ,new ,international ,encyclopaedia has biographical sketches1 and ,poole's ,index and other reference books at a public library will direct to more material4 ,all programs on these authors should be arranged in four parts3 first1 the life of the author1 as full as may be1 with sketches of his experiences1 his home circle1 his friends1 his methods of work2 second1 a criticism of his writing1 his style1 his mannerisms1 the general trend of his ideas1 and some mention of his place among writers2 third1 readings from several of his books2 and fourth1 a discussion of his characters by the club members4 ,in place of one of these topics1 some clubs may prefer a paper showing the change in the author's methods and style1 based on a comparison of his earlier and later writings4 ,i--,,thomas ,,hardy ,thomas ,hardy was born in ,dorsetshire in #ahdj1 and educated to be an architect4 ,it was as a rebuilder of old churches that he became an antiquarian and then a student of rural types1 since his work took him to country districts4 ,his own county lives in his books under the name of ,wessex1 and the people he draws are taken from life4 ,he has a sympathetic touch in dealing with their problems and peculiarities which comes from close contact and genuine affection4 ,his first novel1 ,under the ,greenwood ,tree1 was followed by a second which won him popularity1 ,far from the ,madding ,crowd4 ,this appeared anonymously as a serial1 and at the time was attributed to ,george ,eliot1 because she was thought to be the only living author capable of writing it4 ,the ,return of the ,native is perhaps his most characteristic book1 although in ,jude the ,obscure he shows a merciless character analysis4 ,but in ,tess of the ,d',urbervilles he reaches the height of his power4 ,it is a story of tragedy1 expressing the doctrine that man must reap what he has sown4 ,read several chapters from ,tess and discuss the story4 ,hardy's short stories also are well known and a collection called ,wessex ,tales will be found excellent for selections for club reading4 ,the ,three ,strangers is generally considered his best story4 ,notice the descriptions of scenery1 the characteristics of the country people and their personalities4 ,does ,hardy show a lack of humor8 ,is he a fatalist8 ,,ii--,,maurice ,,hewlett ,maurice ,hewlett was born in ,london in #ahff1 educated there1 and admitted to the bar4 ,it was in the midst of city life that he wrote his first novel1 ,the ,forest ,lovers1 which he has never excelled in beauty and charm4 ,it is an exquisite1 simple picture of life in the ,middle ,ages1 with a lovely romance running through it4 ,critics tell us that of all his contemporaries he has best interpreted medieval thought and sentiment4 ,later he wrote other novels of the same period1 notably ,richard ,yea-and-,nay1 sometimes called an epic story1 full of passion1 war and poetry4 ,it was with this book that fame came to ,hewlett4 ,in ,the ,queen's ,quair we have a study of ,mary1 ,queen of ,scots1 her court and the tragedy of her life4 ,the ,stooping ,lady is laid in the ,eighteenth ,century1 but the author shows the same peculiarity1 that of making any time vividly real and preserving the atmosphere4 ,this novel is full of imagination1 yet terse and clear4 ,hewlett has also written some short stories of a delightful sort--,little ,novels of ,italy and ,the ,madonna of the ,peach ,tree1 quite unlike his longer books4 ,it is interesting to note that into all his writings the one idea is woven so skilfully as to be almost imperceptible--of the progress of the soul1 either upward or downward4 ,this key unlocks many of the puzzling passages1 especially in ,richard ,yea-and-,nay4 ,clubs can follow out this suggestion in reading his books4 ,read from the novels mentioned2 note the strength of ,jehan and the subtlety of ,mary4 ,read also from his three delightful out-of-door stories of to-day1 ,half-,way ,house1 ,open ,country1 and ,rest ,harrow4 ,compare the descriptions of scenery in ,england1 ,scotland1 ,france and ,italy4 ,,iii--,,mrs4 ,,humphry ,,ward ,mrs4 ,humphry ,ward1 born of ,english parents in ,tasmania in #ahea1 lived in ,oxford and was educated in the ,lake ,country4 ,the granddaughter of ,thomas ,arnold of ,rugby1 and the niece of ,matthew ,arnold1 she inherited a strong moral sense which was increased by the atmosphere of her home1 and grew up feeling that life was full of ethical problems4 ,she married an ,oxford tutor1 moved to ,london1 wrote reviews1 translated ,amiel's ,journal into ,english1 and then in #ahhh wrote her first novel1 ,robert ,elsmere1 a brilliant presentation of the religious difficulties of a young clergyman1 leading to his abandonment of orthodoxy4 ,it attracted so much attention that ,gladstone thought it worth his while to review it and combat its views4 ,she wrote later ,the ,history of ,david ,grieve1 contrasting the spiritual development of a brother and a sister4 ,this is called her most vital book4 ,marcella1 her most powerful book1 deals with the problem of socialism in ,england4 ,then came ,sir ,george ,tressady1 ,eleanor1 ,lady ,rose's ,daughter1 ,fenwick's ,career1 and others4 ,her later books1 if more finished1 lack the strength of her earlier4 ,mrs4 ,ward has often been compared with ,george ,eliot2 clubs will find it interesting to note resemblances and differences and compare heroines and plots4 ,which of the two best concealed the moral purpose both used as the theme of their books8 ,read from several of ,mrs4 ,ward's earlier volumes and also some selections from ,george ,eliot's ,adam ,bede and ,romola4 ,discuss the sense of humor shown by the two authors4 ,,iv--,,hall ,,caine ,hall ,caine1 though of ,manx descent1 was born in ,cheshire in #ahec1 but he has always seemed less of an ,englishman than a ,manxman4 ,his stories all have the atmosphere of the little ,isle of ,man1 and his plots are laid there4 ,yet he lived in ,london as architect1 journalist1 novelist1 and dramatist4 ,there is much that is interesting about his life1 especially the year that he spent with ,rossetti4 ,his best books are ,the ,shadow of a ,crime1 ,the ,deemster1 ,the ,bondman1 ,the ,scapegoat1 and ,the ,christian4 ,in all of them there is a definite somberness1 a noticeable element of tragedy1 only slightly relieved by the lighter aspects of life4 ,his novels deal with profound issues4 ,clubs should notice the relations' of fathers and sons in the books mentioned4 ,discuss the problems presented2 read the descriptions of ,manx life among the people2 compare the heroes4 ,read several of the dramatic chapters from ,the ,scapegoat and ,the ,deemster4 ,does the play ,the ,christian show more strength than the novel of the same name8 ,v--,,stanley ,j4 ,,weyman ,in striking contrast with this last novelist is ,stanley ,j4 ,weyman1 the writer of fascinating historical novels which rank among the very first of their kind4 ,born in ,shropshire in #ahee and educated at ,oxford1 he became first a lawyer and then a novelist4 ,his ,gentleman of ,france brought him immediately into prominence4 ,the scenes of most of his books are laid in ,france1 either in the period of the ,great ,cardinal1 or later in that of the ,revolution4 ,they are crowded with adventure1 the plots are of absorbing interest and his characters are full of life and individuality4 ,the times of which he writes are described with accurate fidelity1 and his pictures of the court1 of campaigning1 of travel1 of village life1 are romantic yet historically correct4 ,under the ,red ,robe1 ,the ,red ,cockade1 ,the ,castle ,inn1 and ,the ,abbess of ,vlaye are all fascinating4 ,read from any one of these and then from a good history giving an idea of the same period1 and note the precise study ,weyman gave to his settings4 ,a paper might be prepared on ,sir ,walter ,scott1 ,dumas1 ,hewlett and ,weyman as historical novelists4 ,the differences might be brought out by comparing the character of ,richard ,coeur de ,lion in ,the ,talisman and ,richard ,yea-and-,nay1 and that of ,richelieu in ,the ,three ,musketeers and ,under the ,red ,robe4 ,,vi--,,james ,m4 ,,barrie ,james ,m4 ,barrie is a ,scotchman1 born in #ahfj and educated at ,edinburgh ,university4 ,he knows thoroughly his own people4 ,he does not write with any defined moral purpose1 nor does he have any great events to record2 but he has in an unusual degree the power to charm4 ,his sympathetic insight1 delightfully sly humor1 play of fancy and light touch of pathos are all unique4 ,a ,window in ,thrums1 describing the lives of the weavers1 so apart from the world yet so full of interest1 ,auld ,licht ,idylls1 with its amusing difficulties of the old churches1 and ,margaret ,ogilvy1 the exquisite portrait of the author's mother1 are unsurpassed in delicate beauty4 ,in ,sentimental ,tommy1 ,tommy and ,grizel1 and ,the ,little ,minister there is more of plot and more also of a certain gaiety4 ,the ,little ,white ,bird shows the fancy which comes out more strongly in the incomparable ,peter ,pan4 ,read from as many of ,barrie's books as possible1 and then discuss his work as a playwright4 ,do his books lend themselves to the stage8 ,let those who have seen ,the ,little ,minister1 ,the ,admirable ,crichton1 ,peter ,pan and ,little ,mary describe them4 ,,vii--,,horatio ,,gilbert ,,parker ,horatio ,gilbert ,parker1 now ,sir ,gilbert1 is both ,english and ,canadian4 ,his career has been marked by a great variety of experience1 as his books show4 ,born in ,ontario in #ahjb1 he became a teacher1 then a curate1 then an instructor in a deaf and dumb asylum1 went to ,australia for his health and there took up journalism and play-writing1 returned to ,canada and became a novelist4 ,later he decided to live in ,england and went into ,parliament4 ,many of his earlier novels are of ,canadian life4 ,when ,valmond ,came to ,pontiac1 ,the ,seats of the ,mighty1 and ,the ,right of ,way are among the best of his early books4 ,later he wrote ,the ,weavers1 a strange mingling of ,east and ,west in the story of a ,quaker in modern ,egypt4 ,his best recent novel is ,the ,judgment ,house1 having for its theme ,english society in the time of the ,boer ,war4 ,his versatility in turning from one scene to another1 and from one type of character to another1 is remarkable4 ,canada1 ,egypt1 ,london1 and ,africa are all familiar ground to him1 and trappers1 ,indians1 ,frenchmen of the seventeenth century1 and men and women of to-day in cities are all equally well drawn4 ,his early style was perhaps too diffuse1 but his later stories are briefer and more direct4 ,read from ,the ,seats of the ,mighty and ,the ,judgment ,house4 ,note his different types in his books and discuss them4 ,read also from the scenes in the different countries and see the local color4 ,,viii--,,herbert ,g4 ,,wells ,herbert ,g4 ,wells was born in ,kent in #ahff4 ,he had a scientific training1 and his first book was a text book on biology4 ,later he became one of the staff of ,the ,saturday ,review and then combined science and literature in a series of romantic novels3 ,his ,time ,machine1 ,the ,wheels of ,chance and ,the ,war of the ,worlds are all stories in which his scientific education was utilized4 ,in #aijf he came to ,america to study social conditions and since then has written two books in quite another vein--,tono ,bungay1 a story of finance1 and ,marriage1 a study of modern conditions of love and society4 ,his earlier work is marked by wild imagination2 his later by swift analysis and warm sympathy4 ,compare the realistic description of village life in ,part ,i4 of ,tono ,bungay with that of the ,five ,towns in ,arnold ,bennett's ,old ,wives' ,tale1 mentioned later4 ,note ,wells's socialistic leanings4 ,read from ,the ,war of the ,worlds and ,marriage4 ,contrast the two styles2 discuss the character of ,marjorie in the latter2 is she a possible woman8 ,,ix--,,william ,j4 ,,locke ,william ,j4 ,locke1 born of ,english parents in ,barbadoes in #ahjc1 was educated at ,cambridge1 where he took the highest honors in mathematics4 ,he became a teacher1 and it was only after years of hated drudgery that he obtained a secretary's position and leisure to write4 ,for long his novels were little known1 though ,at the ,gate of ,samaria1 ,the ,derelicts1 ,idols1 and ,the ,white ,dove were all full of interest and promise4 ,then with ,the ,morals of ,marcus ,ordeyne1 called his greatest book1 and ,the ,beloved ,vagabond1 his most popular1 he suddenly became famous4 ,septimus1 ,simon the ,jester and ,the ,glory of ,clementina have followed one another rapidly1 and ,septimus has been dramatized4 ,locke's style is so easy as to conceal its art4 ,his plots are lightly constructed and many of his novels have unexpected endings4 ,his men are much alike1 but so delightful that no one would have them altered4 ,each has a certain chivalry1 an ability to endure hardships1 a lack of practical judgment1 but a simple goodness that is irresistible4 ,their humor is charming1 and their gentle philosophy convincing4 ,locke holds the theory that life should be accepted cheerfully2 this is his dominant theme4 ,clubs should read the amusing diatribe against teaching1 and especially against teaching mathematics1 in ,marcus4 ,read also the first and last chapters of the ,vagabond and ,clementina4 ,compare his women and his men4 ,x--,,arnold ,,bennett ,arnold ,bennett1 in many ways the most talked-of ,english author living1 was born in ,staffordshire in #ahfg in a district known as ,the ,potteries1 or ,the ,five ,towns4 ,here are furnaces1 collieries1 manufactories and a people whose interests are made narrow and provincial by the restricted boundaries of their lives4 ,bennett went to ,london1 became a journalist1 an essayist1 an editor1 a novelist1 and a playwright4 ,he lived for a time in ,paris and traveled extensively1 and he has made use of his varied experiences in his writings4 ,he has some remarkable books1 long1 careful1 full of psychological problems4 ,his ,old ,wives' ,tale1 ,anna of the ,five ,towns and ,clay-hanger all deal with the place and the people with which he was first familiar1 and are graphic pictures of types4 ,in ,hilda ,lessways he presents a study rather unlike those in his first books1 and in ,denry the ,audacious and ,buried ,alive he has quite another manner and keener humor4 ,he is singularly direct and painstaking in his work1 a master of realism4 ,for sheer observation1 says one critic1 he is unequaled4 ,of late he has visited ,america and made a close and remarkably sympathetic study of our country1 our cities1 our manners4 ,take up ,bennett also as a playwright1 and note the good work he has done in this field2 contrast his plays with his earlier books4 ,read from ,hilda ,lessways and from the graphic description of the siege of ,paris in the ,old ,wives' ,tale1 and also a descriptive chapter from the ,five ,towns4 ,compare his realistic work with that of ,henry ,james1 and note the differences4 ,quote from his little essay1 ,how to ,live on ,twenty-four ,hours a ,day4 99 99 99 99 99 ,clubs which wish programs for more than ten meetings may take in addition to the authors already suggested these others3 ,de ,morgan3 read ,joseph ,vance1 ,alice for ,short1 and ,an ,affair of ,dishonor4 ,conan ,doyle3 ,adventures of ,sherlock ,holmes1 ,the ,white ,company4 ,eden ,phillpotts3 ,knock at a ,venture1 ,the ,port-reeve1 ,the ,secret ,woman4 ,a4 ,e4 ,w4 ,mason3 ,four ,feathers1 ,the ,truants1 ,courtship of ,morrice4 ,robert ,hichens3 ,the ,garden of ,allah1 ,the ,dweller on the ,threshold4 ,anthony ,hope3 ,the ,prisoner of ,zenda1 ,the ,dolly ,dialogues1 ,quisante4 ,agnes and ,egerton ,castle3 ,the ,pride of ,jennico1 ,if ,youth ,but ,knew1 ,the ,secret ,garden4 ,e4 ,f4 ,benson3 ,the ,challoners1 ,an ,act in a ,backwater1 ,the ,luck of the ,vails4 ,may ,sinclair3 ,the ,divine ,fire1 ,the ,judgment of ,eve4 ,mrs4 ,henry ,dudeney3 ,the ,battle of the ,weak1 ,the ,story of ,susan4 ,detailed criticisms and complete bibliographies of many novelists here mentioned may be found in ,some ,english ,story ,tellers by ,f4 ,t4 ,cooper 7#aiab74 ,,chapter ,,xvi ,,the ,,gilded ,,age ,,of ,,louis ,,xiv ,i--,,the ,,king #a4 ,the ,story of ,his ,life4 #b4 ,the ,splendor of the ,court--,compulsory residence of the nobles at ,versailles2 ,louis's dislike and fear of ,paris2 effect politically of the segregation of the court4 #c4 ,the ,great ,ministers--,mazarin1 ,colbert1 ,louvois2 relation of the king to them4 #d4 ,the ,women of the ,court--,louise de la ,valliere1 ,madame de ,montespan1 ,madame de ,maintenon4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,guizot3 ,history of ,france4 ,de ,nolhac3 ,versailles4 ,heroes of the ,nations ,series3 ,louis ,,xiv4 ,a4 ,hassall3 ,louis ,,xiv4 and ,madame de ,maintenon4 ,lady ,blennerhasset4 ,study everything relating to ,versailles1 to which ,louis moved the court2 show pictures of the famous gardens1 the fountain at play1 the palace4 ,read a description of some fete3 describe the ,grand ,trianon and its social life4 ,show pictures of ,louis4 ,,ii--,,social ,,france ,,under ,,louis ,,xiv #a4 ,manners of the ,time--,court etiquette4 ,excessive fondness of the king for it1 and his strict insistence on it4 ,quote from the numerous memoirs of the time1 descriptions of the palace ceremonial 7,madame de ,sevigne1 ,saint ,simon1 etc474 #b4 ,amusements of the ,court--,receptions and functions4 ,fetes4 ,hunting4 ,theatricals4 ,card games and gambling4 #c4 ,women of the ,court--,the ,queen1 ,la ,grande ,mademoiselle1 ,madame de la ,valliere1 ,madame de ,montespan1 ,madame de ,maintenon1 ,madame de ,sevigne and her circle4 ,dress of the time4 #d4 ,social ,morals--,distinction between the morals of the court and those of the common people4 ,growing popular dissatisfaction1 and its later tragic consequences4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,hassall3 ,louis ,,xiv4 and the ,zenith of the ,french ,monarchy4 ,voltaire3 ,the ,age of ,louis ,,xiv4 ,guizot3 ,history of ,france 7,vol4 ,,iv41 particularly the last chapter74 ,a most interesting short paper might be prepared on the odd people of the time3 ,scarron2 ,the ,man in the ,iron ,mask2 famous fortune-tellers4 ,show pictures of some of the court beauties1 to illustrate the dress of the women of the period1 and also a cut of ,louis in his wig and high-heeled shoes1 taken from any history of ,france4 ,,iii--,,paris ,,under ,,louis ,,xiv #a4 ,the ,city--,area and population as compared with those of to-day4 ,show maps of both periods4 ,colbert3 story of his life and his remaking of ,paris4 ,the destruction of the old walls and the beginning of the boulevards4 ,lenotre and his landscape-gardening 7the garden of the ,tuileries74 ,laying out of the ,places ,vendome1 des ,victoires1 du ,carrousel4 #b4 ,public ,buildings--,the architects ,perrault and ,mansart and their work4 ,description of buildings erected under ,louis3 the ,invalides1 ,bibliotheques du ,roi and ,mazarin1 ,academie1 ,gobelins1 ,comedie ,francaise1 etc4 ,gates3 ,st4 ,denis1 ,st4 ,martin1 etc4 ,quai d',orsay4 #c4 ,churches of the ,day--,val-de-,grace and the birth of ,louis4 ,st4 ,roch3 its erection and later connection with ,french history4 ,notre ,dame and its ceremonies4 ,st4 ,denis and the royal tombs4 #d4 ,great ,events in ,paris under ,louis--,royal spectacles1 executions1 mobs4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,larousse 7under the word ,paris1 for those who read ,french74 ,hamerton3 ,paris in ,old and ,present ,times4 ,hare3 ,walks in ,paris4 ,de ,amicis3 ,studies in ,paris4 ,the subject of the dwellings of the common people of this time deserves study3 their bareness1 absence of sanitation1 water-supply1 lack of conveniences and utensils4 ,also1 the people's employments1 food1 dress1 amusements1 doctors and medicine and care of the sick and the relation of the priest to the family3 christenings1 weddings1 and funerals4 ,material may be found in the histories1 the encyclopaedias 7particularly ,larousse71 memoirs1 the novels of ,dumas1 ,dumas's ,paris1 etc4 ,,iv--,,the ,,wars ,,of ,,louis ,,xiv #a4 ,the ,foreign ,relations of the ,reign--,mazarin and the ,peace of ,westphalia4 ,death of ,philip ,,iv4 of ,spain and ,louis's claim to the ,netherlands4 ,league with ,charles ,,ii4 of ,england4 ,discuss the question whether ,charles was in ,louis's pay4 ,opposition from ,william ,,iii4 of ,england4 #b4 ,enlargement of ,army and ,navy--,harbors and ships of ,brest1 ,toulon1 etc4 ,constructive work of ,louvois and ,vauban4 ,their theories of war4 ,are they still held8 #c4 ,the ,foreign ,wars of ,louis--,against ,holland3 ,peace of ,nymwegen4 ,in the ,palatinate3 ,peace of ,ryswick4 ,war of the ,spanish ,succession3 ,peace of ,utrecht4 ,territories won and lost by ,louis in these wars4 #d4 ,the ,two ,wars of the ,fronde4 #e4 ,the ,great ,generals of ,louis ,,xiv4--,turenne1 ,conde1 ,luxembourg1 ,vendome4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,martin3 ,history of ,france4 ,hassall3 ,louis ,,xiv4 and the ,zenith of the ,french ,monarchy4 ,mahon3 ,history of the ,war of the ,succession in ,spain4 ,fitzpatrick3 ,the ,great ,conde and the ,period of the ,fronde4 ,an interesting supplementary paper could be added to this program on ,the ,art of ,warfare in the ,seventeenth ,century2 describe the formation of the army lines for battle2 the equipment of the soldiers1 the discipline1 the tents1 the commissariat1 the cannon1 swords1 and other arms2 the pay of the soldiers2 their manners and morals2 the relation of the officers to the men4 ,some one battle may be described in detail to illustrate the methods employed on the field4 ,v--,,literature 7,,part ,i7 #a4 ,the ,academy--,unofficial founding by ,conrart in #afbi4 ,official standing six years later4 ,relation of ,richelieu to it4 ,its dictionary4 ,total effect of this distinguished society on ,french literature4 #b4 ,romances of ,chivalry--,give an account of ,madame de ,scudery and a description of ,clelie and the ,grand ,cyrus4 ,discuss also ,honore d',urfe and the ,astree4 ,note the probable influence of the ,english writer1 ,lyly4 #c4 ,moralists--,la ,fontaine4 ,saint ,evremond4 ,la ,rochefoucauld4 ,la ,bruyere4 #d4 ,philosophers--,descartes4 ,pascal4 ,malebranche4 ,bayle4 ,readings from ,pascal's ,pensees4 7,many translations47 #e4 ,great ,preachers--,bossuet4 ,fenelon4 ,massillon4 ,bourdaloue4 ,readings from translations1 especially the famous introduction to ,massillon's funeral oration on ,louis ,,xiv4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,brunctiere3 ,manual of ,french ,literature4 ,dowden3 ,history of ,french ,literature4 ,van ,laun3 ,history of ,french ,literature4 ,the material for this meeting is very great1 especially on the biographical side4 ,interesting brief papers might be prepared on any of the names mentioned4 ,sainte-,beuve1 considered by many to be the greatest of critics1 has essays on all of the writers named1 and readings from his ,causeries de ,lundi 7translated now7 would be delightful4 ,,vi--,,the ,,drama ,,under ,,louis ,,xiv #a4 ,corneille--,story of his life4 ,readings from the ,cid1 ,horace1 and ,polyeucte4 7,translation by ,nokes47 #b4 ,racine--,relation to ,port-,royal4 ,ode on the marriage of the king4 ,classical subjects4 ,esther and ,athalie1 his masterpiece1 written at the request of ,madame de ,maintenon for her young ladies at ,st4 ,cyr4 ,readings from ,andromaque1 ,phedre1 and ,athalie4 7,bohn's translation47 #c4 ,moliere--,early life as a strolling player4 ,rescue of his company from failure by his own writings4 ,paris and the favor of the ,duc d',orleans4 ,failure in tragedy2 success in comedy4 ,taken up by the king4 ,royal fetes4 ,limitations of this work4 ,first characteristic play3 ,l',ecole des ,femmes4 ,moliere as the greatest of comedy-writers4 ,readings from ,tartuffe1 ,le ,misanthrope1 ,le ,medecin ,malgre ,lui4 ,les ,femmes ,savantes4 7,many translations4 ,curtis ,hidden ,page's is fine47 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,guizot3 ,corneille and ,his ,times4 ,trollope3 ,corneille and ,racine4 ,hatton3 ,life of ,moliere4 ,brander ,matthews3 ,great ,plays 7,french and ,german71 with notes4 7,contains ,le ,cid1 ,horace1 ,polyeucte1 and ,tartuffe47 ,as ,moliere is unquestionably the great dramatist of the period1 devote the day largely to him4 ,read from ,chatfield-,taylor's ,pathway to ,fame1 which gives the dramatist's life as a strolling player4 ,describe one of the fetes for which he wrote his little farces and ballets4 ,have a brief talk on the advance in stage-setting at this time1 due to the unlimited sums ,louis spent on his fetes1 and the employment of the greatest artists for the scenery4 ,compare this with the setting of the stage in ,shakespeare's theater4 ,,vii--,,art #a4 ,architecture--,mansart1 ,perrault1 ,lemercier4 ,some of the great public buildings built during this reign4 ,show photographs4 #b4 ,painting--,lebrun 7foundation of the ,louvre collection74 ,lesueur1 ,mignard1 ,philippe de ,champaigne1 ,largilliere1 ,watteau4 ,portraits of the ,king4 #c4 ,sculpture--,puget1 ,sarazin1 ,coysevox4 ,photographs of surviving examples4 #d4 ,music--,founding of modern musical drama by ,mazarin 7,strozzi's opera-bouffe in the ,louvre1 in #afde74 ,cambert1 ,l',abbe ,perrin1 ,lulli4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,louis ,hourticq3 ,art in ,france4 ,r4 ,g4 ,kingsley3 ,history of ,french ,art4 ,bourgeois3 ,france under ,louis ,,xiv4 ,w4 ,h4 ,ward3 ,architecture of the ,renaissance in ,france4 ,esther ,singleton3 ,french and ,english ,furniture4 ,louis was a wonderful art patron1 and spent enormous sums upon artistic objects4 ,he brought from ,antwerp a group of three great engravers4 ,he established the ,beauvais and ,gobelins manufactories of tapestry4 ,porcelain was made at ,saint ,cloud4 ,furniture was designed by ,ballin and ,boule4 ,lenotre led the world in the art of landscape-gardening4 ,,viii--,,the ,,king ,,and ,,the ,,church #a4 ,the ,king's ,personal ,religion--,ecclesiastical and political rather than ethical4 ,his devotions and his morals4 ,effect of ,madame de ,maintenon's influence in later years4 #b4 ,two ,great ,prelates and ,their ,feud--,bossuet2 his ability1 temper1 and commanding influence4 ,fenelon3 story of his life2 influence on the ,duke of ,burgundy2 reading from ,telemaque4 ,the fundamental difference in the two men's conception of religion4 #c4 ,new ,movements--,protestantism3 suppression by the state4 ,revocation of the ,edict of ,nantes4 ,jansenism3 ,jansen and his book2 its meaning4 ,demolition of the ,abbey of ,port-,royal4 ,quietism3 ,story of ,madame ,guyon and reading from her life 7,upham's edition74 #d4 ,the ,king and the ,jesuits--,origin of the order and its purposes4 ,edicts for and against the ,jesuits1 and reasons for them4 ,power and success of ,pere ,le,tellier4 ,reading from ,pascal's ,provincial ,letters4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,the ,cambridge ,modern ,history3 vol4 v41 chap4 iv4 ,guizot3 ,history of ,france3 vol4 iv41 chap4 xlvii4 ,jervis3 ,history of the ,church in ,france4 ,sainte-,beuve3 ,causeries du ,lundi 7many are translated74 ,as ,louis seldom went to ,paris1 the chapel in the palace at ,versailles became the scene of the most important ecclesiastical functions1 and hence is of special interest4 ,a description of its interior should be given1 and photographs of it should be shown4 ,a supplementary paper should take up ,madame de ,maintenon and her relation to the king and the ,church4 ,lady ,blennerhasset's book will be found of value in this connection4 ,,ix--,,the ,,story ,,of ,,port-,,royal #a4 ,the ,convent--,its location1 origin1 and early history4 ,fashionable patronage and relaxation of the rules4 ,angelique ,arnauld4 ,the ,paris ,house1 now the ,musee de ,cluny4 #b4 ,educational ,system--,the lay brothers in the original house4 ,antoine ,arnauld1 the ,de ,sacys1 ,nicole4 ,their text-books3 grammars1 geometry1 logic4 ,place in the history of education4 #c4 ,the ,jansenist ,movement--,story of ,jansen and his famous book4 ,notable people who were influenced by it4 ,how it made trouble for ,port-,royal4 ,antagonism of the ,jesuits1 reason of it1 development of the feud4 #d4 ,suppression of the ,institution--,reasons for the hostility of ,louis ,,xiv4 ,story of the dispersion of the nuns1 described at length by ,schimmelpenninck4 ,destruction of the beautiful buildings4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,charles ,beard3 ,port-,royal4 ,ethel ,duncan ,romanes3 ,the ,story of ,port-,royal4 ,felix ,cadet3 ,port-,royal ,education4 ,sainte-,beuve3 ,port-,royal4 7,in ,french1 not translated47 ,prepare a supplementary paper on the ,puritan ,spirit in ,human ,nature4 ,this constantly reappears in history 7see the ,stoics71 and is represented in ,france in this period by this ,jansenist movement4 ,an interesting paper might be written on ,jacqueline ,pascal1 the sister of the great philosopher1 and the celebrated episode of her healing1 which had far-reaching consequences4 ,x--,,famous ,,memoirs ,,of ,,the ,,time #a4 ,cardinal de ,retz--,story of his adventurous life3 description of his appearance and personal characteristics4 ,relation to the ,fronde4 ,richelieu's opinion of him and relation to him4 #b4 ,the ,duc de ,saint-,simon--,personal history4 ,relation to the ,king and the court4 ,reason for writing3 the servile tone of the memoirs of the ,marquis de ,dangeau4 ,saint-,simon's independence and frankness of criticism4 ,the ,tacitus of ,french ,history4 ,compare with ,pepys4 ,read descriptions of court life and personal passages4 #c4 ,madame de ,sevigne--,story of her life and that of her daughter4 ,her education and relation to the great world4 ,style4 ,readings from her letters4 #d4 ,the ,fashion of ,memoir-,writing--,people who wrote memoirs3 ,mademoiselle de ,montpensier4 ,marquis de ,dangeau4 ,de la ,porte 7the ,king's valet de chambre74 ,duclos 7,memoires secrets74 ,de la ,rochefoucauld4 ,brief biographies of these people4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,duc de ,saint-,simon3 ,memoirs4 #c vols4 7,translated47 ,letters of ,madame de ,sevigne4 7,translated47 ,emil ,bourgeois3 ,france under ,louis ,,xiv4 ,g4 ,f4 ,bradley3 ,great ,days at ,versailles4 ,imbert de ,saint-,amand3 ,the ,court of ,louis ,,xiv4 ,notice the striking change at this time from former dull and tedious historical writing to the brilliant and fascinating personal sketches of people and events4 ,read descriptions of the ,king and the court from ,saint-,simon and ,saint-,amand4 ,the engravers whom ,louis brought from the ,low ,countries made portraits of many of the society people of the time2 show reproductions1 and describe the dress of the period4 ,,chapter ,,xvii ,,forestry ,the study of this subject is a novel one for women's clubs1 but it is of great interest4 ,women who desire an intelligent view of their own country should certainly take it up and understand what is being done to-day and what is planned for the future4 ,books to be read are3 ,a ,first ,book of ,forestry1 by ,f4 ,roth2 ,a ,primer of ,forestry1 by ,gifford ,pinchot2 and ,the ,forest and ,practical ,forestry1 the ,department of ,agriculture4 ,i--,,introductory ,all uncivilized nations ruthlessly cut off their forests for fuel and timber1 both ignorant and indifferent to the result of the destruction4 ,where there are no trees1 the water-supply dies away1 the soil then becomes infertile1 and the population is threatened with famine4 ,china is practically denuded of trees1 after unknown centuries of waste4 ,india has numberless hillsides and plains once wooded1 now bare and parched2 and so of many other ,oriental countries4 ,,ii--,,the ,,beginnings ,,of ,,forestry ,early in the sixteenth century there was a certain realization of the danger of neglect of trees2 ,sully1 the great minister of ,france1 suggested that some restrictions should be laid on cutting1 and some study of forestry made by the government4 ,germany also followed the same course1 and ,england1 which began to feel the shortage of timber severely1 practised more careful cutting and set out certain plantations4 ,the great landowners everywhere cared for their timber in their private parks1 and cut only when necessary4 ,at the beginning of the eighteenth century planting was begun in ,scotland and later in ,ireland1 and it is interesting to note that now the planted areas exceed the natural growth in these two countries4 ,foreign trees were also introduced at this time1 and in many cases flourished even better than the natural growths4 ,,iii--,,present ,,conditions ,,abroad ,practically now every civilized country practises forestry in a greater or less degree4 ,germany has nine schools where it is taught1 and there are four and a half billion acres under government care4 ,france is equally careful1 and every forest is guarded1 though its schools are not as many4 ,england has a forest policy which calls for the planting of nine million acres1 ten thousand each year4 ,russia has such enormous forests that as yet the care of her trees does not seem to her critically important1 yet she too is beginning to conserve her resources4 ,italy has been almost stripped of her forests by neglect1 but she is at last waking to her peril and beginning to foster what is left4 ,in ,india an interesting work is being done by the ,english1 who are establishing schools for the natives to teach forestry2 this in time will make the country far more fertile than now4 ,new ,zealand1 always progressive1 has a well-planned system2 ,argentine1 ,hawaii1 and ,terra del ,fuego practise the science4 ,,iv--,,the ,,past ,,in ,,america ,forestry was begun at home by one man1 ,jared ,eliot of ,salisbury1 ,connecticut1 who in #agcj began to cut his trees systematically for charcoal furnaces4 ,but unfortunately no one followed in his footsteps because our forests were so rich that it did not seem necessary2 thirty-six per cent4 of all our area is in trees4 ,this fact has made us reckless2 whole hillsides have been constantly stripped by farmers for wood1 or to make arable land4 ,great trees have been cut down when smaller ones would have done quite as well4 ,worst of all1 the lumbermen of the ,middle ,west and ,south have swept clean enormous areas of land1 cutting down large and small pines alike1 and leaving nothing but stumps4 ,even more destructive have been the forest-fires which have sprung up through carelessness or drouth1 and suffered to burn unhindered till they died out4 ,as late as #aiaj twenty-five million dollars' worth of natural timber was destroyed1 partly in the ,far ,west and partly in the ,east4 ,of late1 too1 certain insects have made havoc with large tracts1 and hills have been left bare and brown where they have been4 ,v--,,conservation ,in #ahhb the ,forestry ,association was formed to correct existing evils1 to care for standing timber1 and to restock where that was necessary4 ,there are now over six thousand members of the association1 and a paper of great interest is published1 called ,american ,forestry1 which gives practical suggestions4 ,this association has accomplished marvels in the few years of its existence4 ,in #ahii there were thirty-six forest-reserves in the ,west4 ,in addition1 many ,states have their own reserves4 ,,vi--,,renewal ,in addition to caring for existing trees1 others now are planted4 ,some ,states have bounties for this purpose2 others maintain nurseries where saplings are raised and set out2 seeds are sown2 foreign trees are introduced2 in our public schools our children are instructed in the growth and care of trees1 and many have ,arbor ,day1 when trees are planted and exercises held to impress the children with the importance of the occasion4 ,,vii--,,schools ,,of ,,forestry ,there is a definite plan to have forestry taught in every ,state1 and short courses have been added to the curriculum of the ,state universities4 ,yale and ,cornell have forestry schools1 and ,harvard a forestry course4 ,at ,biltmore1 ,north ,carolina1 there is an excellent school with exceptional forest advantages4 ,clubs can send for catalogues of these schools4 ,,viii--,,the ,,returns ,forestry does not aim to produce immediate commercial returns2 indeed1 from that standpoint the returns are slow2 yet in the end these are greater than when the science is disregarded4 ,trees must be regarded as a crop to be cut only in small sections rather than as a whole4 ,but the system once thoroughly established1 the returns are steady and sure4 ,timber is cut exactly at the right time instead of at haphazard1 and so is of the right size and age4 ,fuel is gathered from trees meant for that purpose1 and timber for building purposes from trees meant for that alone4 ,in addition to the commercial results there are also others4 ,parks are set aside for recreation and beauty1 and game is preserved rather than destroyed4 ,hillsides are renewed2 winds are kept off2 our watersheds are protected1 and rivers and streams kept full1 and the land fertile4 ,,ix--,,famous ,,trees ,add to this study program two more meetings4 ,have one on ,famous ,trees and ,forests1 naming among others3 ,the ,cedars of ,lebanon1 the historic ,king's ,oak which sheltered ,charles ,i41 the ,charter ,oak1 and others2 note also the famous redwoods of ,california2 the ,burnham ,beeches2 the historic ,sherwood ,forest2 the ,new ,forest and ,dean ,forest of ,england2 the ,black ,forest of ,baden and the forests of the ,vosges ,mountains of ,france4 ,x--,,trees ,,and ,,forests ,,in ,,literature ,the last program of the year may be on the general subject of trees and forests in literature4 ,read or recite from such poems as3 ,a ,forest ,hymn and the ,planting of the ,apple ,tree1 by ,william ,cullen ,bryant2 ,christmas in the ,woods1 by ,harrison ,weir2 ,forest ,pictures1 by ,paul ,hamilton ,hayne2 the ,summer ,woods1 by ,william ,henry ,burleigh2 ,the ,primeval ,forest1 from ,evangeline1 by ,longfellow2 ,the ,holly ,tree1 by ,robert ,southey1 and ,the ,trees and the ,master1 by ,sidney ,lanier4 ,read from ,the ,quest of ,john ,chapman1 by ,newell ,dwight ,hillis1 and also from ,the ,forest1 by ,stewart ,edward ,white4 ,,chapter ,,xviii ,,shakespeare ,i--,,shakespeare',s ,,life ,,story #a4 ,parentage1 childhood1 youth1 and education4 ,description of ,stratford 7with photographs74 #b4 ,shakespeare as an actor1 manager1 and playwright4 ,his friends2 his theater2 his company4 #c4 ,his marriage4 #d4 ,his later years4 ,evidence from legal documents1 etc4 #e4 ,appreciation of ,shakespeare by his contemporaries and successors4 ,discuss ,browning's ,house as an estimate of ,shakespeare's relation to his own plays4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,william ,winter3 ,shakespeare's ,england4 ,hamilton ,mabie3 ,shakespeare4 ,sidney ,lee3 ,life of ,shakespeare4 ,read of the school at ,stratford which ,shakespeare attended1 and show a photograph4 ,have a selection from ,irving's ,sketch ,book from ,stratford on ,avon4 ,tell of ,shakespeare's marriage1 and have for a reading or recitation1 ,anne ,hathaway4 ,show pictures of the town1 the museum1 the ,shakespeare ,theater1 etc4 ,,ii--,,the ,,english ,,historical ,,plays #a4 ,richard ,,ii4 and ,king ,john--,analysis of plots1 leading characters and their traits4 ,readings from ,richard ,,ii43 ,act v41 ,scene #a4 ,king ,john3 ,act iv41 ,scene #a 7beginning with ,hubert's speech1 ,heat me these irons hot74 #b4 ,henry ,,iv41 ,henry ,v41 and ,richard ,,iii4--,analysis of plots1 characters1 and traits1 as above4 ,readings from ,henry ,,iv43 ,part ,,ii41 ,act4 iv41 ,scene #e 7in part74 ,henry ,v43 ,act v41 ,scene #b 7dialogue between ,henry and ,katharine74 ,richard ,,iii43 first speech of ,gloucester4 #c4 ,henry ,,vi41 and ,henry ,,viii4--,analysis of plots1 characters and traits1 as above4 ,readings from ,henry ,,vi43 ,part ,i41 ,act iii41 ,scene #b 7conversation of ,joan of ,arc72 also1 ,part ,,iii41 ,act ii41 ,scene #b4 ,henry ,,viii43 ,act iii41 ,scene #b 7last part1 ,cromwell and ,wolsey72 also1 ,act v41 ,scene #e4 #d4 ,how ,shakespeare ,made ,his ,historical ,plays--,describe the use he made of ,holinshed and older writers2 the changes in plot and character due to ,shakespeare2 the imaginary persons he introduced4 ,readings from ,holinshed4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,hamilton ,mabie3 ,william ,shakespeare1 ,poet1 ,dramatist1 and ,man4 ,w4 ,aldis ,wright3 ,the ,cambridge ,shakespeare 7introductions and notes74 ,gollancz3 ,the ,temple ,shakespeare 7introductions and notes74 ,it will be interesting to take up the question how far these plays are historically true2 also their value to the common people as a means of teaching them in a vivid way the history of their own country4 ,how far were they calculated to stimulate patriotism by the glorification of ,england8 ,describe modern productions of these plays by ,booth1 ,irving1 ,mansfield1 ,sothern1 etc4 ,tell the story of the first production of ,henry ,,viii41 which caused the burning of the ,globe ,theater4 7,see ,mabie's ,shakespeare1 page #chc47 ,,iii--,,typical ,,tragedies #a4 ,hamlet--,the tragedy of the unbalanced mind4 ,source3 ,saxo-,grammaticus4 ,synopsis of the plot and analysis of the chief characters4 ,discussion of ,hamlet's madness4 ,read ,act i41 ,scenes #d and #e2 ,act iii41 ,scene #a1 in part2 ,act v41 ,scene #b1 latter part4 #b4 ,king ,lear--,the tragedy of filial ingratitude4 ,source3 ,holinshed4 ,synopsis of the plot and analysis of the chief characters4 ,the three daughters as types4 ,read ,act ii41 ,scene #d1 enter ,cornwall1 ,regan1 ,gloster1 etc42 ,act iii41 first four scenes2 ,act iv41 ,scene #g4 #c4 ,macbeth--,the tragedy of guilt4 ,source3 ,holinshed's ,chronicles of ,scotland4 ,synopsis of the plot and analysis of the chief characters4 ,reading of the story of ,macbeth from ,holinshed4 ,shakespeare's use of the weird1 illustrated by the witches4 ,feminine strength and masculine weakness shown in ,lady ,macbeth and her husband4 ,read ,act i41 ,scene #c2 ,act v41 ,scene #a4 #d4 ,othello--,the tragedy of jealousy4 ,source3 ,cinthio's ,hecatomithi4 ,synopsis of the plot and analysis of the chief characters4 ,shakespeare and ,italy2 local color4 ,novelty of the ,moor as hero4 ,read ,act iii41 ,scene #c1 in part2 ,act v41 ,scene #b4 #e4 ,julius ,caesar--,the tragedy of ambition4 ,source3 ,north's ,translation of ,plutarch4 ,reading from this4 ,synopsis of the plot and analysis of the chief characters4 ,admiration of ,shakespeare for ,caesar1 and frequent reference to him4 ,read whole of ,act iii41 also ,act iv41 ,scene #a4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,wood3 ,hamlet from a ,psychological ,point of ,view4 ,brereton3 ,some ,famous ,hamlets4 ,hall ,caine3 ,richard ,,iii4 and ,macbeth4 ,w4 ,w4 ,skeat3 ,shakespeare's ,plutarch4 ,although every great tragedian has attempted the famous parts in ,shakespeare's tragedies1 some have stood out conspicuously for their interpretations4 ,study ,kemble1 ,kean1 ,macready1 ,booth1 ,barrett1 ,irving1 and ,mansfield2 also1 ,mrs4 ,siddons1 ,helen ,faucit1 ,charlotte ,cushman and ,ellen ,terry4 ,illustrate1 if possible1 with portraits in character1 such as ,booth as ,hamlet1 ,mansfield as ,caesar1 and ,terry as ,ophelia4 ,,iv--,,typical ,,comedies #a4 ,the ,taming of the ,shrew--,an ,italian play4 ,source in an older ,english play4 ,synopsis of the plot and analysis of the chief characters4 ,contrast between ,katharine and ,bianca4 ,read ,act ii41 ,scene #a 7the dialogue between ,katharine and ,petruchio7 and ,act v41 ,scene #b4 #b4 ,twelfth ,night--,source3 ,bandello4 ,synopsis of the plot and analysis of the chief characters4 ,imaginative setting of the play in ,illyria4 ,shakespeare's sense of fun4 ,rude humor of the time4 ,read ,act ii41 ,scene #c1 latter part4 #c4 ,the ,merry ,wives of ,windsor--,no definite source4 ,materials in ,stratford life4 ,synopsis of the plot and analysis of the chief characters4 ,a purely ,english play4 ,the ,falstaff of history compared with ,shakespeare's representation of him4 ,falstaff here and elsewhere in ,shakespeare4 ,note the possibility of the origin of this play in a request of ,queen ,elizabeth4 ,read ,act iii41 ,scene #c4 #d4 ,the ,comedy of ,errors--,source3 the ,menaechmi of ,plautus4 ,synopsis of the plot and analysis of the chief characters4 ,read ,act v41 ,scene #a 7from enter a servant on74 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,hudson3 ,the ,harvard ,shakespeare 7introductions and notes74 ,lang3 ,shakespeare's ,comedy of ,errors4 ,list of ,songs by ,shakespeare set to ,music3 the ,new ,shakespeare ,society4 ,v--,,plays ,,of ,,sentiment #a4 ,romeo and ,juliet--,source3 ,william ,painter's ,palace of ,pleasure4 ,synopsis of the plot and analysis of the chief characters4 ,essentially lyrical quality of this play4 ,compare ,ophelia and ,juliet4 ,read ,act ii41 ,scene #b4 ,reading from ,a ,study of ,romeo in ,j4 ,j4 ,chapman's ,emerson and ,other ,essays4 #b4 ,as ,you ,like ,it--,source3 ,lodge's ,rosalynde4 ,synopsis of the plot and analysis of the chief characters4 ,note the part of ,adam1 which ,shakespeare played himself4 ,compare ,juliet and ,rosalind4 ,read ,act ii41 ,scene #d1 and ,act iii41 ,scene #b4 ,readings from ,hamilton ,mabie's ,in the ,forest of ,arden and ,william ,winter's ,old ,shrines and ,ivy4 #c4 ,the ,merchant of ,venice--,source3 the ,italian ,tale1 ,il ,pecorone4 ,synopsis of the plot and analysis of the chief characters4 ,discuss the question1 ,who is the hero of the drama8 ,read from ,act iii41 ,scene #b1 and ,act iv41 ,scene #a 7,portia's plea74 ,reading from ,philipson's ,the ,jew in ,english ,fiction4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,hiram ,corson3 ,introduction to ,shakespeare4 ,fleming3 ,how to ,study ,shakespeare4 ,dowden3 ,transcripts and ,studies 7for ,romeo and ,juliet74 ,stopford ,brooke3 ,on ,ten ,plays of ,shakespeare 7for ,as ,you ,like ,it74 ,introductions to the several plays by ,brandes1 ,r4 ,g4 ,white and ,rolfe 7popular74 ,the heroines of these plays are among the loveliest in ,shakespeare4 ,a special paper might be prepared on them1 illustrating it with their famous speeches4 ,,vi--,,plays ,,of ,,fancy #a4 ,midsummer ,night's ,dream--,source3 old tales 7,petrarch1 ,ovid1 ,chaucer1 etc474 ,synopsis of the plot and analysis of the chief characters4 ,an early play1 full of sprightly gaiety4 ,splendid metrical command4 ,influence on later literature and music 7,faust1 ,oberon74 ,read ,act iii41 ,scene #a4 ,also the ,pyramus and ,thisbe part4 #b4 ,cymbeline--,source3 ,boccaccio and ,holinshed4 ,synopsis of the plot and analysis of the chief characters4 ,serene temper with tragic element4 ,fanciful geography4 ,read ,act iv41 ,scene #b1 through the song ,fear ,no ,more4 #c4 ,winter's ,tale--,source3 ,greene's ,pandosto and the ,decameron of ,boccaccio4 ,analysis of the plot and description of the chief characters4 ,list of ,warwickshire flowers mentioned 7,act iv41 ,scene #c74 ,discuss the reason for the popularity of this play in ,shakespeare's time and its neglect now4 ,read ,act iv41 ,scene #c1 in part4 #d4 ,the ,tempest--,source3 almost entirely ,shakespeare's own2 very slight dependence on materials4 ,analysis of the plot and description of the chief characters4 ,probably ,shakespeare's last play4 ,wreck of the ,sea-,venture and description of ,bermuda 7see ,mabie's ,shakespeare74 ,note ,shakespeare's desertion of reality for fancy at the close of his career4 ,read ,act v41 ,scene #a4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,hudson3 ,the ,life1 ,art1 and ,character of ,shakespeare4 ,dowden3 ,shakespeare1 ,his ,mind and ,art4 ,the ,arden ,shakespeare3 introductions by ,chambers1 ,wyatt1 ,boas1 etc4 ,editions of the plays by ,rolfe1 ,brandes1 and ,hudson4 ,winter3 ,old ,shrines and ,ivy4 ,sherman3 ,what is ,shakespeare8 7chapters on ,cymbeline and ,winter's ,tale74 ,w4 ,b4 ,carpenter3 ,religious ,spirit in the ,poets 7chapter on the ,tempest74 ,as this is the last program in which ,shakespeare's plays are taken up in detail1 the important subject might be discussed of the relation of the plays to the author's own life and mental development4 7,see ,dowden's book47 ,special study should be made of the exquisite songs in which the last three plays are particularly rich4 ,hark1 ,hark1 the ,lark6 and ,fear ,no ,more1 from ,cymbeline1 ,jog ,on and ,when ,daffodils ,begin1 from ,winter's ,tale1 and ,where the ,bee ,sucks1 from the ,tempest1 should be sung or read4 ,,vii--,,sonnets ,,and ,,other ,,poems #a4 ,venus and ,adonis--,early experiment in narrative verse4 ,the story founded on ,ovid1 with medieval alterations of the legend4 ,character of the theme acceptable to the ,renaissance spirit1 but impossible to-day4 ,correctness of the text4 #b4 ,the ,rape of ,lucrece--,story of ,lucius ,tarquinius ,superbus4 ,legend unaltered by the poet4 ,lucrece1 the model of conjugal fidelity in the ,middle ,ages4 ,who was the ,earl of ,southampton1 to whom the poem was dedicated8 ,what did the other poets of ,shakespeare's time think of these early poems8 #c4 ,shorter ,poems--,a ,lover's ,complaint1 ,the ,passionate ,pilgrim1 and ,the ,phoenix and the ,turtle4 ,shakespeare's part in the second and his indignation at the use of his name for the whole4 ,the unsolved enigma of the last4 #d4 ,the ,sonnets--,the origin of the sonnet form in ,italy4 ,the plan of the series4 ,comparison of the collection with ,wordsworth's sonnet sequences1 ,mrs4 ,browning's ,sonnets1 and ,tennyson's ,in ,memoriam4 ,the problem of ,w4 ,h4 ,read the ,sonnets1 #ah1 #bb1 #cc1 #aaf4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,w4 ,j4 ,rolfe3 ,venus and ,adonis1 and ,other ,poems4 ,sidney ,lee3 introductions to the several poems4 ,israel ,gollanez3 ,shakespeare's ,sonnets4 ,edward ,dowden3 ,shakespeare's ,sonnets4 ,parke ,godwin3 ,new ,study of the ,sonnets of ,shakespeare4 ,the most interesting problem about the sonnets is whether or not they are a revelation of ,shakespeare's own experience and views of life1 or are wholly imaginative4 ,on this point read from ,wordsworth1 ,scorn ,not the ,sonnet1 and ,browning's ,house1 in which the two poets take opposite views4 ,for a full and most interesting discussion see ,dowden's essay4 ,,viii--,,the ,,women ,,of ,,shakespeare #a4 ,introductory--,variety of characters and pronounced individuality4 ,different types represented4 ,not peculiar to his age1 but timeless4 #b4 ,the ,women of ,intellect--,portia3 the woman of wisdom and learning4 ,is she ,shakespeare's highest female type8 ,beatrice3 the fine lady1 of wit and high spirits4 ,readings--,portia3 the casket scene and the court scene from the ,merchant of ,venice4 ,beatrice3 first and last scenes from ,much ,ado4 #c4 ,the ,women of ,sentiment--,juliet3 woman of the ,south2 romantic and intense4 ,desdemona2 woman of the ,north2 modest1 tender1 self-restrained4 ,readings--,juliet3 ,act iii41 ,scenes #b and #e1 of ,romeo and ,juliet4 ,desdemona3 ,act iv41 ,scene #b1 of ,othello4 #d4 ,the ,women of ,imagination--,perdita3 simplicity1 dignity1 and sweetness4 ,miranda3 ethereal1 unsophisticated1 and ideal4 ,readings--,perdita3 ,act iv41 ,scene #d 7the shepherd's cottage71 of the ,winter's ,tale4 ,miranda3 ,act i41 ,scene #b 7the island71 of the ,tempest4 #e4 ,the ,women of ,history--,lady ,macbeth3 power of intellect1 determination1 devotion to her husband's career4 ,princess ,katharine3 charming and coquettish4 ,readings--,lady ,macbeth3 ,act i41 ,scene #h1 from ,macbeth4 ,katharine3 ,act v41 ,scene #b 7beginning ,fair ,katharine71 from ,henry ,v4 #f4 ,women of ,various ,types--,illustrative readings from ,as ,you ,like ,it 7,rosalind71 ,hamlet 7,ophelia71 ,king ,lear 7,cordelia71 ,taming of the ,shrew 7,katharine74 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,e4 ,dowden3 ,transcripts and ,studies4 ,l4 ,lewes3 ,women of ,shakespeare4 ,mrs4 ,a4 ,b4 ,jameson3 ,characteristics of ,women4 ,wingate3 ,shakespeare's ,heroines on the ,stage4 ,the club members could add interest to this meeting by recalling the famous actresses they may have seen1 and comparing their presentations of ,shakespeare's women4 ,for example1 ,mary ,anderson as ,juliet1 ,ada ,rehan as ,katharine1 ,ellen ,terry as ,portia1 ,modjeska as ,rosalind1 and ,julia ,marlowe as ,ophelia4 ,,ix--,,shakesperean ,,problems #a4 ,his ,personality--,how much education had ,shakespeare8 ,did he reveal himself in his plays8 ,what were his personal characteristics8 #b4 ,characteristics of ,his ,work--,did he plagiarize8 ,if so1 was he justified8 ,was his meaning always clear to himself8 ,see ,richard ,grant ,white on this point4 ,is his broad humor defensible8 ,discuss ,taine's criticism on this point4 #c4 ,estimate of ,shakespeare in ,his ,own and ,later ,times--,what did his contemporaries think of him8 ,why was he ignored in the later seventeenth century8 ,quote from great writers on ,shakespeare3 ,coleridge1 ,goethe1 ,swinburne1 etc4 #d4 ,the ,bacon-,shakespeare ,controversy--,origin3 story of ,delia ,bacon's life4 ,is there a cipher in ,shakespeare8 ,quotation of learned opinion on both sides4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,emerson3 ,essays4 ,e4 ,dowden3 ,essays1 ,modern and ,elizabethan4 ,arthur ,gilman3 ,shakespeare's ,morals4 ,ignatius ,donnelly3 ,the ,great ,cryptogram4 ,charlotte ,carmichael ,stopes3 ,bacon-,shakespeare ,question ,answered4 ,have a talk on ,shakespeare the historian4 ,is he trustworthy8 ,does he give an accurate account of events or only reproduce general color8 ,have a discussion on the character of ,hamlet4 ,was he really mad8 ,did ,shakespeare intend so to represent him1 or to leave the matter in doubt8 ,for those interested in such things1 the subject of the early editions of ,shakespeare1 and their relation to one another1 is one of great fascination4 ,a description of the immensely costly collection recently presented to the ,elizabethan ,club at ,yale might be given4 ,x--,,famous ,,presentations ,,of ,,shakespeare',s ,,plays #a4 ,english--,garrick1 ,charles ,kean1 ,siddons1 ,charles ,kemble1 ,lady ,faucit1 ,irving1 ,terry1 ,tree1 ,benson4 ,descriptions and anecdotes from ,boswell's ,johnson1 ,charles ,lamb's ,essays1 ,fanny ,burney's ,diary1 and ,ellen ,terry's life4 #b4 ,american--,forrest1 the elder and younger ,booth1 ,barrett1 ,ada ,rehan1 ,mansfield1 ,sothern1 and ,marlowe4 #c4 ,the ,theater at ,stratford-on-,avon--,description of it with views4 ,story of some of the famous presentations given there4 ,differences between these and those of ,shakespeare's own time4 #d4 ,discussion of the ,question of ,stage ,settings--,was that of ,shakespeare's time better1 with no scenery1 and all the effect lying in the meaning of the lines2 or is the method of to-day preferable with its elaborate1 costly1 and spectacular scenery and stage effects8 ,describe the change in stage ideas due to the invention of the electric light4 #e4 ,description of ,plays ,seen--,brief statements by the club members of the ,shakespearean representations they have witnessed1 with an analysis of their impressions of plays and of actors4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,sidney ,lee3 ,shakespeare and the ,modern ,stage4 ,percy ,fitzgerald3 ,shakespearean ,representation3 ,its ,laws and ,limits4 ,percy ,fitzgerald3 ,romance of the ,english ,stage4 ,c4 ,e4 ,l4 ,wingate3 ,shakespeare's ,heroes on the ,stage4 ,also1 ,heroines4 ,prepare in advance of this meeting a screen with old play-bills and photographs of famous actors1 ,forrest1 ,kean1 ,booth and others4 ,read from newspaper files the dramatic criticisms of the plays presented4 ,describe some of the famous theaters of ,america in past and present times4 ,close with a discussion of the personal attitude of the club members toward ,shakespeare's plays as compared with those written to-day4 ,is there a ,shakespearean affectation8 ,,chapter ,,xix ,,the ,,employments ,,of ,,women ,in arranging a year's program from this outline1 have several meetings on the older occupations of women before bringing the study down to present times1 when the work becomes more varied4 ,the first five topics may be made very interesting if there are readings from histories of the ,middle ,ages on the work of women at that time4 ,where possible1 clubs should make trips to museums or libraries and examine work exhibited there4 ,i--,,pottery ,making clay pots for household use is one of the first things women did4 ,they took ordinary earth1 moulded it roughly1 and baked it in their domestic fires until it would hold water and food4 ,such pots are found everywhere where there are ancient remains1 among the lake dwellers in ,switzerland1 among ,egyptians and ,greeks1 and in the ruins in ,mexico4 ,later1 men took this work largely to themselves1 and kept it until our own day1 when women have begun to make beautiful pottery1 glazed and decorated4 ,show pictures from catalogues of such potteries as the ,rookwood and others1 and mention also the good work that is done privately and fired in small kilns4 ,,ii--,,spinning ,,and ,,weaving ,begin the study of this delightful topic back in the earliest times1 and show how step by step it advanced4 ,woolen and linen fabrics were made by the ancients1 and dyed with vegetable colors1 for clothing and for hangings4 ,notice the tapestries of later days1 especially those first woven in ,flanders and ,arras1 which were so valuable they were used only by royalty or in churches4 ,have a paper on tapestry made at home1 in castles1 and even in royal residences1 by the household of women4 ,speak also of the work done in ,colonial days by our grandmothers1 of the linen sheets and blankets spun and woven1 and of the beautiful blue-and-white coverlets of the period4 ,show some of the latter1 if possible4 ,read from the book called ,tapestry and ,embroidery1 by ,cole4 ,,iii--,,embroidery ,almost as soon as skins were made into garments the art of decoration was discovered1 and feathers and shells were sewed to them in patterns1 and stitches taken with colored fibers1 grasses1 and shreds of wool4 ,the primitive tribes of ,indians1 especially in ,south ,america1 use exactly the same methods to-day4 ,embroidery was always distinctly women's work1 men never sharing in it as they did in making pottery4 ,in ,egypt1 ,assyria1 and among the ,jews it became much more elaborate and artistic4 ,tyre and ,sidon were noted for their beautiful work4 ,homer describes embroidered garments among the ,greeks2 ,roman women wore showy colored borders on their skirts and scarfs4 ,in the early ,middle ,ages ecclesiastical embroidery1 done largely in gold and silver threads1 was known in ,europe1 and much exquisite work of the kind was done in the convents4 ,matilda1 the wife of ,william the ,conqueror1 and her women made the famous ,bayeux tapestry1 which was really embroidery4 ,the embroidery of the ,orient1 especially that of ,china and ,india1 is famous1 though this is not done exclusively by women4 ,mention the originality of the patterns used1 the brilliance of the silk1 and the permanence of the colors4 ,note also the lovely white embroidery done by the ,french and other nations4 ,,iv--,,lace-,,making ,this art grew out of that of embroidery1 for the thin parts of the latter were cut out1 leaving the effect of heavy1 colored lace4 ,a book was published in #aebg1 called ,the ,new and ,subtile ,book ,concerning the ,art and ,science of ,embroidery1 ,fringes1 and ,tapestries1 as ,well as ,other ,crafts ,done with the ,needle1 and in this book there are patterns for lace4 ,the ,venetians first mastered the making of white lace with the needle1 and produced heavy1 effective designs4 ,under ,louis ,,xiv4 delicate lace was made in ,france1 especially that called ,valencon4 ,pillow-lace made with bobbins was invented by a woman in ,saxony about the middle of the sixteenth century4 ,have papers on the laces peculiar to different countries1 and show examples or pictures of them4 ,english thread in white and black2 ,spanish silk1 hand-run2 ,irish crochet2 ,valenciennes1 and others4 ,see ,palliser's ,history of ,lace for description and illustrations4 ,if possible1 visit a museum which has a collection of laces2 there is an excellent one in the ,metropolitan1 of ,new ,york4 ,study also the conditions under which the laces are made1 the lives of lace-workers1 and the prices received by them for their work4 ,v--,,basket-,,weaving ,like the making of pottery1 the weaving of baskets goes back to the very earliest times4 ,women soon learned how to twist together osiers or twigs and make them into receptacles for household use4 ,as time went on1 baskets became more beautiful and artistic1 and all nations1 but particularly those of the ,orient1 made them in delicate materials and lovely designs4 ,often savage peoples will be found who excel in basketry4 ,notice especially the baskets made by the ,north ,american ,indian women1 and see the book on ,basketry1 by ,g4 ,w4 ,james1 which is full of illustrations4 ,,vi--,,modern ,,handicraft ,,for ,,women ,have club members make as many programs from the subjects following as they desire1 and illustrate them as far as possible with examples of the work4 ,take up also the schools where designing is taught1 and tell what is done there4 ,note the growth of all designing work for women2 bookbinding2 jewelry-making2 stenciling2 making of furniture2 bead-work2 knitting1 crocheting1 sewing1 quilting1 and patchwork2 rug-making2 work in leather and wood2 china-painting2 work in plaster4 ,,vii--,,women ,,in ,,the ,,professions ,,and ,,arts ,clubs should have papers on each one of the following representative women1 showing what they accomplished4 ,in addition there might be a study of the women of to-day who are doing good work on similar lines4 ,in astronomy1 ,caroline ,herschel2 in music1 ,fanny ,mendelssohn2 in philanthropy1 ,elizabeth ,fry or ,florence ,nightingale2 in painting1 ,rosa ,bonheur or ,elizabeth ,thompson ,butler2 in sculpture1 ,harriet ,hosmer2 in education1 ,mary ,lyon2 in the lecture field1 ,mary ,a4 ,livermore2 on the stage1 ,charlotte ,cushman or ,rachel2 as poet1 ,mrs4 ,browning2 as novelist1 ,george ,eliot4 ,add to this list some names of women who are doctors1 lawyers1 ministers1 editors1 teachers1 and nurses4 ,see ,lives of ,girls ,who ,became ,famous ,women1 by ,sarah ,k4 ,bolton4 ,,viii--,,women ,,in ,,business ,have one or more practical papers showing what women have done and can do in the field of every-day work4 ,the ,trained ,mother might come first1 and then ,woman as ,housekeeper4 ,after that take her as teacher1 governess1 stenographer1 saleswoman1 dressmaker and milliner1 caterer1 landscape-gardener1 architect1 dairy-woman1 real-estate dealer1 house-decorator1 and buyer4 ,follow with a paper or talk showing what can be done in unusual ways to earn one's living2 keeping a tea-room1 shopping1 caring for children1 mending1 packing1 preserving1 and embroidering4 ,,ix--,,summary ,close the year with a broad view of the whole subject4 ,what about woman's work in general8 ,is it well done and well paid8 ,what of factory work1 domestic service1 and work in shops8 ,under what conditions is such work done8 ,what of the question of equal pay8 ,what of the living wage8 ,what is being done for working girls8 ,do settlements1 vacation homes1 and the like meet their needs8 ,read ,olive ,schreiner's ,woman and ,labor4 ,,chapter ,,xx ,,important ,,movements ,,of ,,our ,,times ,sufficient material is given under each of the following ten heads for clubs to divide into two or more meetings4 ,i--,,the ,,peace ,,movement ,the first ,peace ,society was founded in ,new ,york1 in #ahae4 ,a second was organized six months later in ,boston and the following year a third in ,london4 ,the first ,international ,peace ,congress was held in #ahdc1 in ,london4 ,from that time till the present1 many congresses have been held all over the world1 and ,peace ,societies exist everywhere1 forty in ,america alone4 ,the object of all societies is to so establish an orderly state of affairs that war shall be impossible4 ,the consular and diplomatic services work along these lines1 and advocate treaties between nations4 ,the gradual reduction of standing armies and navies is also one of the aims of the movement4 ,the ,hague ,tribunal was established in #ahii1 to adjust differences between nations who cannot settle them for themselves4 ,between that year and #aiab one hundred and sixty-seven such settlements were made4 ,the gift of #aj1jjj1jjj by ,andrew ,carnegie and the bestowal of the ,nobel ,prize have put the ,peace ,movement on so secure a financial basis that its future is assured4 ,read the reports of the great ,peace ,conference in ,new ,york in #aijg1 and select readings from its addresses4 ,see also ,chittenden's book1 ,peace or ,war4 ,clubs will find it worth while to preface this study with one meeting on ,war4 ,speak of the cost of standing armies and navies1 of loss of life in great battles1 of military schools1 of compulsory military service4 ,discuss3 ,is war ever necessary8 ,,ii--,,woman',s ,,suffrage #a4 ,the movement in the past4 ,briefly sketch the history of woman in early times1 in the ,middle ,ages1 and later1 to the present4 ,notice that the modern movement may be said to have begun when in #afdg ,mary ,brent1 the representative of ,lord ,baltimore1 demanded a seat in the representative body of ,maryland4 ,in the middle of the last century such women as ,margaret ,fuller1 ,lydia ,maria ,child1 ,lucretia ,b4 ,mott1 ,susan ,b4 ,anthony1 ,emma ,willard1 ,mary ,putman ,jacobi and ,elizabeth ,cady ,stanton became the leaders of the ,woman's ,rights party1 and the first convention was held in ,new ,york state1 in #ahdf4 ,give sketches of these and other women2 tell of the demands they made1 and the result of the convention4 ,on what did the suffrage party base its claims8 #b4 ,the movement to-day4 ,have a paper or talk on the conditions in ,australia1 ,new ,zealand1 ,iceland1 ,sweden and ,norway1 ,finland1 ,scotland1 ,ireland and ,wales1 and last1 on ,england1 called ,the storm center4 ,what of our country8 ,which states have equal suffrage1 and how does it work8 ,what especial questions are of vital interest to women1 and how will they be aided by the vote8 ,what of woman's physical and mental ability to handle political issues8 ,what of such work as that of soldier1 sailor1 worker on roads1 in sewers1 on the police and fire boards8 ,what of her relation to her home if equal suffrage is granted8 ,name some of the women in ,england and ,america who are especially leaders in the movement1 and tell of their position and work4 ,see books and magazine articles by ,jane ,addams1 ,ida ,tarbell and ,mrs4 ,ida ,husted ,harper4 ,see also3 ,the ,modern ,woman's ,rights ,movement1 by ,schirmacher4 ,,iii--,,the ,,prohibition ,,movement ,prohibition is an attempt to abolish the manufacture and sale of alcoholic liquors1 except for purposes of industry1 science1 art and medicine4 ,it declares that the capital now in the liquor traffic would1 if invested in legitimate business1 give employment to hundreds of thousands of men4 ,it would promote commerce1 protect labor1 preserve health1 conserve the interests of home and state4 ,it would prevent cruelty1 pauperism1 disease and crime4 ,the movement for prohibition was merely local until #ahea1 when the ,neal ,dow law was passed1 making ,maine a prohibition state4 ,the nation and state also combined at this time to prevent the sale of liquor to the ,indians4 ,at the close of the ,civil ,war new conditions arose2 ,german beer was imported1 and huge breweries and distilleries were built at home4 ,numerous states then took up the matter of prohibition1 and many have had laws passed prohibiting manufacture and sale of all intoxicants1 most of them repealed or declared unconstitutional4 ,in ,ohio there was a remarkable movement called the ,women's ,crusade which is worthy of study4 ,mention some of the leaders2 study also the careers of ,john ,b4 ,gough1 and ,frances ,willard4 ,south ,dakota was admitted to the ,union as a prohibition state2 ,kansas and ,georgia1 ,oklahoma and ,alaska have prohibition also1 and some states have local option by counties or towns2 cities in many parts of the country have it by precincts4 ,the history of the political ,prohibition ,party is a subject to be taken up by itself4 ,mention its prominent leaders1 their methods and the results of the campaigns4 ,discuss3 ,would enforced prohibition be beneficial to the state8 ,is local option a success8 ,is there open violation of the law in prohibition states8 ,what of the legislative work of the ,anti-,saloon ,league8 ,,iv--,,modern ,,medicine ,,and ,,surgery ,the new day in medicine and surgery began1 when1 in #ahdf ether was discovered1 and chloroform a year later1 and ,warren1 in the ,massachusetts ,general ,hospital1 popularized them4 ,all operations1 however1 were still attended with danger because of infection1 till ,pasteur discovered the dangerous bacteria and ,lister invented sterilization4 ,then modern methods really began4 ,the field of possible operations at once widened2 surgeons began to have better operating rooms1 more scientific preparation of patients before operations and better dressings and care afterward4 ,not only antiseptic but aseptic treatment became known4 ,new anesthetics1 and local ones have been found2 the use of oxygen and electricity have been beneficial2 the ,x-ray has been discovered and put to practical use4 ,great sums of money have been set aside for research work1 and new serums have been found of enormous benefit to the public4 ,scientists are looking for the germs of many diseases1 and for their antidotes4 ,wonderful new operations are full of interest2 note especially the transfusion of blood1 and the preservation of tissue and transplanting of living organs4 ,have other papers on3 the specialist as the supplanter of the general practitioner2 the new relation between medicine and hygiene2 the relation of the old family physician to his patients2 the work of the ,red ,cross ,society1 and the widespread knowledge of first aid to the injured4 ,what are the possibilities of the near future in medicine and surgery8 ,what in research work8 ,v--,,modern ,,movements ,,for ,,public ,,health ,boards of ,health in the state and community exist for the purpose of controlling and repressing agencies which would undermine the health of the people4 ,their work is far-reaching1 but it may be grouped under the following heads3 #a4 ,the care of the water supply is among its most important functions2 it must protect it from its source to the homes of the consumers1 overseeing all sewers1 cesspools and drainage4 ,it must also see that the supply of ice is pure4 ,it undertakes to care for all roads and sidewalks1 and their proper lighting4 ,it is responsible for the construction of buildings1 as to safety1 ventilation1 plumbing and draining4 #b4 ,it also insists on its notification of all disease and attends to quarantining and disinfecting2 it vaccinates2 it fights tuberculosis2 it removes the sick to the proper place2 it sees that the dead are properly handled2 it keeps a record of vital statistics4 #c4 ,it has an oversight of food supplies2 it insists that the milk is pure and carefully handled2 it prevents the adulteration of foodstuffs and drugs2 it stops the sale of stale or unwholesome foods2 it demands clean slaughter houses2 it sees that all dangerous animals are shut up or killed1 and dead ones removed from the streets2 it prohibits unpleasant odors1 and smoke2 it tries to do away with all public nuisances2 it seeks to exterminate the mosquitoes4 ,these topics may be taken up as far as time allows4 ,discuss in closing such questions as3 ,what does our local ,board of ,health do for us8 ,where does it fail8 ,what can women's clubs do to make it more effective8 ,,vi--,,modern ,,improvements ,,in ,,children',s ,,education ,one of the most important of recent events is the establishing by the government of a ,federal ,children's ,bureau1 for the expert study of the conditions of childhood1 and suggestions for its betterment4 ,this included among other things1 the outlook over their education4 ,the new school-houses built both in city and country are finer than have existed before1 and the ideas of education are widening daily4 ,clubs should take up some of the following subjects3 ,the health of school children2 what is being done to improve it8 ,study the new sanitation and ventilation of school-houses2 the disappearance of the common drinking cup2 the doctor's care of eyes1 teeth1 throats1 spines and ears2 the supply of breakfasts to the under fed2 the out-of-door schools for tubercular pupils2 the training in cleanliness4 ,the vocational schools in thirty states1 with manual training1 domestic arts1 industrial work and agriculture4 ,also vocational guidance in choosing a business2 finding situations1 etc4 ,the schools for exceptional children1 the foreigner1 the backward1 the crippled1 the blind1 the epileptic1 the morally defective4 ,the ,montessori system2 is it successful8 ,compare with the kindergarten4 ,the training in patriotism2 saluting the flag2 birthdays of great men1 etc4 ,the graded country school of to-day2 compare with the little red school-house4 ,school play grounds in city and country4 ,gymnasiums4 ,athletic fields4 ,close with a discussion3 ,what is the standing of your local school8 ,do teacher and parent work together8 ,is the school board doing its best8 ,,vii--,,modern ,,municipal ,,art ,municipal art1 is art applied to cities4 ,its aim is to build up an entire city with a view to symmetry1 beauty and utility4 ,an ,art ,commission is appointed when a city decides to become beautiful1 and this draws up a far-reaching plan4 ,then all buildings put up must conform to this1 and nothing can be done at haphazard4 ,slums must disappear1 and model tenements take their place2 streets must be cut through congested districts to relieve them2 business blocks must not be over-high2 inartistic public buildings and monuments must give way to others2 parks must be opened1 trees planted along the streets1 and boulevards laid out4 ,see what ,chicago and ,minneapolis have accomplished in making themselves over4 ,discuss foreign cities which are symmetrical1 notably ,paris and ,berlin2 speak of our own capital1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c42 show pictures of well-lighted streets1 of a good skyline2 of superior paving4 ,show pictures also of objectionable street advertising2 electric signs2 alternate high and low buildings1 ornate court-houses2 ugly statues4 ,from the different magazines get illustrations of the ,garden ,cities of ,england1 and other beautiful towns4 ,notice what can be done with different building materials1 and with vines and flower boxes on a city residence street4 ,discuss the sky scraper2 is it necessary8 ,what of apartment houses8 of elevated railroads8 of disfiguring gas works1 chimneys1 manufactories8 ,what can women's clubs do toward making the home city beautiful8 ,see ,c4 ,m4 ,robinson's ,the ,improvement of ,towns and ,cities4 ,,viii--,,modern ,,benevolence ,more money is given away to-day than ever before in the history of the world4 ,it is called the era of magnificent giving4 ,two hundred million dollars is spent in benevolence yearly in the ,united ,states alone1 and it is estimated that in ten or fifteen years from two to four billions will be given annually4 ,old methods are passing away1 and new ones taking their place4 ,the subject of modern giving is one of immense importance4 ,clubs should introduce the study with a resume of benevolences in the past2 gifts to hospitals1 asylums1 colleges1 libraries1 art galleries1 museums1 missions and other institutions2 then take up more recent giving to such things as model tenements1 homes for tubercular1 settlements1 institutional churches1 homes for working women1 the ,mills hotels1 trade and technical schools1 homes for convalescents1 seaside homes for children1 pensions for professors2 modern schools for the blind1 the crippled1 the orphan1 teaching self support4 ,notice that the trend of giving to-day is toward prevention of suffering as well as its cure4 ,great gifts to-day are largely in favor of science4 ,note the great medical research laboratories in ,new ,york1 and what they already accomplished2 also the endowment for individuals on special lines in which they show marked ability4 ,study what is being done by legislatures in establishing laws about bequests1 their trusteeship1 and time limitations1 and the new theory that no gift should be bestowed without the possibility of change1 since in twenty years conditions alter4 ,what of making and breaking wills8 of funds left for institutions which may not be always needed8 of protection to society through state boards1 etc48 ,read the article on ,giving in ,the ,survey1 ,december #bh1 #aiab1 which discusses the various phases of modern giving4 ,,ix--,,modern ,,development ,,of ,,country ,,life ,clubs may divide this subject into two heads1 and have several programs on each4 #a4 ,the farmer4 ,after years of obscurity1 the life of the farmer has suddenly become of immense importance to society4 ,to-day the ,bureau of ,agriculture and other forces are rapidly changing its future4 ,state fairs1 granges1 courses of instruction for men and women in school-houses1 and farmer's bulletins give instruction2 experiment stations deal with such difficulties as weeds1 soils1 drainage1 and pests1 and teach scientifically about cattle1 poultry1 bee keeping1 crops1 and the dairy4 ,public and high schools1 colleges and universities have courses in agriculture1 which teach beside the ordinary farm work1 forestry1 how to have good roads1 how to take up unusual work4 ,the telephone1 the automobile and the parcel post all bring the farmer nearer town4 ,speak also of the ,commission on ,country ,life1 and its work2 of abandoned farms2 of the farmer's wife1 and her problems2 of the farmer's sons and daughters1 and their future4 ,how can life be made more easy and attractive on a farm8 #b4 ,country ,homes4 ,notice the extraordinary growth of the country home for all the year1 instead of for summer only4 ,what are its difficulties and what its advantages8 ,read of large estates1 and describe some in the ,adirondacks1 in the vicinity of ,boston1 ,new ,york1 in the ,south1 and ,west2 illustrate with pictures from magazines4 ,have a paper on ,gardens1 and describe some2 read from the many books on this subject4 ,take up landscape gardening1 and discuss its possibilities4 ,what of country sports8 of golf1 tennis1 hunting1 motoring1 etc48 of bungalows1 camps1 seashore cottages1 etc48 of country lanes1 of game preserves1 forest parks and the like4 ,speak of the enormous literature on country life4 ,x--,,social ,,service ,social service is of distinctly modern growth4 ,it is the intelligent understanding of the needs of to-day and of the best way to meet them4 ,clubs should study it under some or all of these heads3 ,read of the ,schools of ,philanthropy1 where modern methods of relief are taught1 and the workers are trained for service in some branch2 and the ,american ,institute of ,social ,service1 the object of which is the gathering and disseminating of information on all social thought and service4 ,the latter publishes monthly a pamphlet on present day problems which is excellent for reference4 ,discuss welfare work1 the care of employers for employees2 what has been done8 the ventilation of work rooms2 safe machinery2 pensions1 insurance1 hospital1 savings bank1 care of sick at home1 food1 etc4 ,settlements2 their origin and history2 what can neighborliness do for the poor8 ,read of the work of ,toynbee ,hall and ,hull ,house4 ,the ,juvenile ,courts2 their origin and work4 ,the ,big ,brother and ,big ,sister movement4 ,work for the defective2 for paupers2 insane2 consumptives2 idle4 ,prisons1 and modern prison reform4 ,for children2 creches2 free kindergartens2 seaside homes2 floating hospitals2 pure milk and ice4 ,relief of congestion in cities2 parks and playgrounds2 recreation piers4 ,legal ,aid societies and help for the aliens2 legislation on women's and children's labor4 ,the ,charity ,organization societies2 nursing of poor2 relief of want4 ,education2 moving pictures2 music2 open-air ,christmas trees2 free beaches1 etc4 ,for references see ,the ,gospel of the ,kingdom1 published by the ,american ,institute of ,social ,service1 and ,the ,survey4 ,,chapter ,,xxi ,,the ,,study ,,of ,,childhood ,i--,,the ,,baby #a4 ,the ,baby's ,welcome to the ,home--,the mother's anticipation2 the brothers' and sisters' anticipation2 the intelligent mother3 study of modern methods4 #b4 ,the ,baby's ,environment--,the wardrobe2 the hygienic nursery2 the atmosphere of cheerfulness4 #c4 ,the ,baby's ,physical ,development--,the handicapped child 7nerves1 temper1 defects72 food2 sleep2 the out-of-door sleeping-room2 the child and the doctor4 #d4 ,reading from ,the ,luxury of ,children1 by ,martin4 ,books to ,consult--,oppenheim3 ,the ,development of the ,child4 ,s4 ,h4 ,rowe3 ,the ,physical ,nature of the ,child and ,how to ,study ,it4 ,begin the discussion of the day with a paper on the ,modern ,science of ,eugenics3 ,how ,far is ,it ,practical8 ,have a ,talk on the ,spoiled ,baby1 over-fed1 over-amused1 over-indulged2 contrast with one on ,the ,normal ,baby4 ,close with readings or recitations on ,babyhood1 poems from ,eugene ,field1 ,stevenson1 and others4 ,,ii--,,school #a4 ,the ,kindergarten--,its value to manners4 ,is it a good preparation for later work8 #b4 ,the ,public ,school--,training children to regular habits of study4 ,dealing with individual difficulties4 ,desk-mates4 ,moral influence of child on child4 #c4 ,parent and ,teacher--,relations of interest and friendship4 ,mutual suggestions4 ,the backward child4 #d4 ,the ,school and ,health--,sanitation of the school4 ,danger of contagion 7the individual drinking-cup1 etc474 ,watchfulness over sight and hearing4 ,the out-of-doors school4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,herbert ,spencer3 ,education4 ,luther ,burbank3 ,training of the ,human ,plant4 ,j4 ,mark ,baldwin3 ,mental ,development in the ,child and the ,race4 ,g4 ,stanley ,hall3 ,aspects of ,child ,life and ,education4 ,irving ,king3 ,psychology of ,child ,development4 ,the school life of the child should be discussed from the standpoint of both parent and teacher4 ,the watchful care over the child's morals is an important topic4 ,the child's home work1 how much should be done2 and at what hours1 is a subject for discussion4 ,the school dress of little girls1 the tidiness of both boys and girls1 school lunches1 the plays of the noon-hour1 are all suggestive4 ,beautifying the school-room with pictures1 casts and flowers may well be considered4 ,,iii--,,play ,,and ,,playmates #a4 ,the ,place of ,play in ,child ,life--,the development of body and mind in infancy1 childhood1 and youth4 ,intelligent direction of play by parents and teachers4 ,cultivation of originality4 #b4 ,outdoor ,play--,the building instinct3 the sand-pile1 miniature houses1 practical play-houses1 camps4 ,plays of imagination3 ,indians1 pirates1 hunters4 ,athletic games4 #c4 ,indoor ,play--,contests of intelligence and skill4 ,group games3 anagrams1 twenty questions1 etc4 ,manual and educational plays4 #d4 ,playmates--,the parents' control4 ,ethics of play3 honesty1 courage1 honor1 etc4 ,moral and social training of play4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,karl ,groos3 ,play in ,man4 ,newell3 ,games of ,american ,children4 ,gomme3 ,children's ,singing ,games4 ,leland3 ,playground ,technique and ,playcraft4 ,discuss the value of letting boys and girls grow up together as playmates4 ,athletic games for girls is also a good topic to take up4 ,play-rooms for children1 with suggestions for the decoration of walls1 treatment of floors1 and furnishings may be discussed4 ,sunday plays for small children will be found full of interest4 ,the growth of the provision for play for city children is treated in many magazines of recent date1 with illustrations of playgrounds1 garden spots1 roof-gardens and the like4 ,,iv--,,discipline #a4 ,the ,trained ,parent--,preparation for parenthood4 ,character and knowledge4 ,discussion of helpful books4 #b4 ,the ,normal ,child--,the faults to be expected3 forgetfulness1 lack of cleanliness1 lack of promptness1 temper1 etc4 ,how shall we deal with the ordinary faults8 #c4 ,special ,faults--,disobedience1 obstinacy1 lack of self-control1 dishonesty1 lying4 ,discrimination as to seriousness4 ,how far is imagination responsible for falsehood8 #d4 ,punishments--,discuss the question3 ,is physical punishment ever allowable8 ,consider ,abbott's theory of gentle measures4 ,fitting the punishment to the offense4 ,the child's sense of justice4 ,when are punishments outgrown8 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,jacob ,abbott3 ,gentle ,measures in the ,management and ,training of the ,young4 ,e4 ,h4 ,abbott3 ,on the ,training of ,parents4 ,g4 ,stanley ,hall3 ,youth3 ,its ,education1 ,regimen1 and ,hygiene4 ,v--,,moral ,,training #a4 ,the ,ideal of the ,parent for the ,child--,necessity of a definite plan in the parent's mind4 ,discussion of books that have helped4 #b4 ,methods of ,training--,story-telling and reading aloud4 ,books for the child4 ,the value of hero-worship4 #c4 ,the ,contagion of ,character--,childhood's keen vision4 ,force of example versus reproof4 ,the child as partner in the home work4 #d4 ,special ,training--,truthfulness4 ,chivalry and the spirit of honor4 ,purity4 ,how shall the mystery of sex be taught to a child8 ,unselfishness4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,felix ,adler3 ,moral ,instruction of ,children4 ,c4 ,c4 ,everett3 ,ethics for ,young ,folks4 ,w4 ,t4 ,harris3 ,moral ,education in the ,public ,schools4 ,horace ,bushnell3 ,views of ,christian ,nurture4 ,the department of child-study most discussed to-day is that of sex education1 and club women should certainly take it up4 ,consider its necessity1 the age at which instruction should begin1 and the person who should give it1 the teacher scientifically1 or the parent at home4 ,,vi--,,manners #a4 ,manners at ,home--,table manners4 ,how early should they be taught1 and how8 ,self-control4 ,modesty4 ,consideration for servants and tradespeople4 ,courtesy to elders4 #b4 ,manners to ,playmates--,teasing and bullying4 ,must our boys fight8 ,should tale-bearing be encouraged8 ,the spirit of honor and generosity4 ,courtesy between children4 #c4 ,society ,manners--,definite training in social conventions4 ,the place of the dancing-school4 ,the value of children's parties4 #d4 ,the ,relation of ,manners and ,morals--,are ,american manners deteriorating8 ,the teaching of manners by historic stories4 ,sympathy1 the foundation of courtesy4 ,self-restraint1 the essence of manners and morals4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,gow3 ,good ,morals and ,gentle ,manners4 ,wiggin3 ,lessons on ,manners4 ,dewey3 ,how to ,teach ,manners in the ,school-room4 ,a talk may follow the first paper1 pointing out that kind treatment of animals1 especially of pets1 tends to teach children gentleness1 sympathy1 and consideration4 ,a little paper might take up the subject of the modern ideals of manners4 ,,vii--,,occupations #a4 ,reading--,direction by parents and librarians4 ,to how much liberty in taste and choice is a child entitled8 ,lists of good books for children4 ,discussion3 ,what good books can we suggest8 ,what books shall we avoid3 poorly written1 over-sentimental1 and with low ideals4 #b4 ,gardening--,the children's plot4 ,flowers and vegetables4 ,household rewards4 ,competition and prizes4 ,the autumn exhibition4 ,children's books about gardening4 ,gardens for city children4 #c4 ,care of ,fowls and ,animals--,moral value3 sense of responsibility1 kindness1 practical sense4 ,raising of fowls for market4 ,ownership of animals3 the lamb1 the colt1 the calf1 the pig4 #d4 ,household ,work--,value of the regular task in teaching system1 order1 and punctuality4 ,housework for boys3 care of rooms1 cooking1 and kitchen work4 ,for girls3 the normal routine made attractive4 ,reading from ,blessed ,be ,drudgery1 by ,gannett and ,jones4 #e4 ,handicraft--,the children's workroom and its furnishing4 ,work in wood1 metal1 plaster1 and leather4 ,drawing1 painting1 embroidery1 etc4 #f4 ,music--,should all children be taught to play and sing8 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,gertrude ,jekyll3 ,children and ,gardens4 ,holton and ,kimball3 ,games1 ,seat ,work1 and ,sense ,training ,exercises4 ,r4 ,k4 ,row3 ,educational ,meaning of ,manual ,arts and ,industries4 ,prepare in advance a discussion on the subject of children's earning money4 ,should they be paid for doing daily household duties1 or not8 ,does earning money tend to make boys mercenary8 ,take up also occupations for invalid children and convalescents1 and notice that handicraft is better than games for these4 ,,viii--,,the ,,child ,,and ,,money #a4 ,sources of ,supply--,gifts1 earnings1 and prizes4 #b4 ,the ,question of the ,allowance--,at what age should a child have an allowance8 ,what should it cover8 ,how much liberty should a child have in using it8 #c4 ,lessons in the ,use of ,money--,spending4 ,saving4 ,giving4 #d4 ,benevolent ,tendencies--,how to cultivate the spirit4 ,how to divide the money given4 ,the chief objects to which to give4 #e4 ,the ,ethical ,view--,responsibility for property4 ,honesty in acquiring1 wisdom in using1 generosity in giving4 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,c4 ,b4 ,burrell3 ,the ,mother's ,book4 ,j4 ,w4 ,jenks3 ,life ,questions for ,high ,school ,boys4 ,julia ,w4 ,dewey3 ,lessons on ,morals4 ,this is considered a mercenary age1 and a discussion may be prepared on such subjects as these3 ,how shall we keep our boys from becoming either extravagant or mercenary8 ,how may our girls be taught to understand the value of money8 ,what ought to be the relative emphasis on money in our home life8 ,,ix--,,the ,,child ,,and ,,religion #a4 ,the ,beginning of ,religious ,training--,prayers for children to use4 ,telling ,bible stories4 ,the children's grace at table4 ,children's questions about ,god and heaven3 how shall they be answered8 #b4 ,the ,child and the ,church--,the ,sunday-school kindergarten and primary class4 ,suitable hymns for children4 ,children's societies4 ,at what age should a child begin to attend church service8 #c4 ,sunday ,hours at ,home--,need of cheerfulness and common sense4 ,sunday occupations3 ,sunday books1 ,sunday toys and games4 ,dramatizing ,old ,testament stories4 ,sunday1 the father's opportunity4 ,the twilight hour of song4 #d4 ,the ,age of ,development--,intellectual expansion and doubt4 ,how shall we deal with this phase8 ,the time of critical decision4 ,how much influence should the parent exert8 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,george ,albert ,coe3 ,education in ,religion and ,morals4 ,george ,hodges3 ,training of ,children in ,religion4 ,sir ,oliver ,j4 ,lodge3 ,parent and ,child4 ,e4 ,d4 ,starbuck3 ,the ,psychology of ,religion4 ,e4 ,p4 ,saint ,john3 ,stories and ,story ,telling4 ,horace ,bushnell3 ,christian ,nurture4 ,the ,sunday-night supper should have a large place in the life of the home4 ,the children may prepare it alone or with slight assistance1 and it will be found an excellent way of interesting them if they tire of the long afternoon4 ,the subject of the memorizing of ,scriptural passages and of hymns may be discussed1 and personal experiences on this line may be given4 ,x--,,modern ,,child ,,study #a4 ,the ,new ,movement and ,its ,breadth--,interest among physicians1 teachers1 clergymen1 psychologists1 and parents4 ,some reference to the vast literature1 encyclopedias1 etc4 ,discussion of helpful books4 #b4 ,physical--,study of food values for the individual baby and the growing child4 ,fresh air and sleeping outdoors4 ,the outdoor kindergarten4 ,sensible clothing4 ,gymnastics for deficiencies4 #c4 ,mental--,care against overstimulation4 ,interesting diaries of development4 ,cooeperation between teacher and parent4 ,studying the child's individuality4 ,books for successive ages4 ,private versus public schools4 ,what is an ideal education8 ,is it possible under ordinary conditions8 #d4 ,moral and ,religious--,how are morals best taught8 ,books that help the parent and teacher4 ,individual problems 7lying1 etc474 ,knowing our neighbors' children1 their character and influence4 #e4 ,practical ,outcome--,mothers' clubs4 ,magazines of child culture4 ,increased place given to child life in the modern world4 ,are children too prominent in the home life8 ,,books ,,to ,,consult--,mrs4 ,m4 ,f4 ,washburn3 ,study of ,child ,life4 ,m4 ,p4 ,e4 ,groszmann3 ,the ,career of the ,child4 ,e4 ,a4 ,kirkpatrick3 ,fundamentals of ,child ,study4 ,w4 ,b4 ,drummond3 ,the ,child1 ,his ,nature and ,nurture4 ,the subject of mothers' congresses may be discussed3 ,are they practically helpful1 or merely speculative8 ,present the topic of institutions for children1 homes and asylums for orphans1 for the blind1 the crippled1 the feeble-minded2 also1 children's courts and the ,big ,brother movement4 ,discuss at this meeting the question of adopting children4 ,,chapter ,,xxii ,,miscellaneous ,,programs ,when clubs have serious subjects for their year's work1 which require considerable reading and the writing of substantial papers1 it gives variety to arrange the general program in such a way that a light program comes between two heavy ones2 or at least to have every third meeting of quite different character from the rest4 ,often clubs can invite a speaker from outside to take up most of the hour2 a traveller1 a settlement worker1 a college professor1 an actor1 a journalist1 a judge of a ,children's ,court1 a student of bird life1 all have something worth while to contribute4 ,perhaps a writer will read from his books2 or a musician will sing or play1 or an artist will tell of life in the ateliers of ,paris or ,rome4 ,even in a small town one can find some one who has a friend who will come and help in such ways1 and there is no better way to rouse interest in a club than to offer such meetings occasionally4 ,where it is impossible to provide anything of this kind1 it is still a good plan to have miscellaneous meetings from time to time2 but there is always the danger that these will be spoiled by having them consist of odds and ends1 a paper on one subject followed by another on something which has no relation to the first1 and perhaps a third which is still further afield4 ,it is best to have but one topic for each meeting1 with music if possible1 and a social hour afterwards4 ,one of the best ways to begin a miscellaneous program is to take up current events for ten minutes4 ,it is possible to plan systematically for these1 so that one member is responsible for a report on foreign affairs1 wars or politics1 or whatever is of national importance anywhere2 another for great scientific discoveries or important inventions2 a third1 noteworthy music2 a fourth1 for the great book of the hour2 a fifth1 for anything of especial importance to women4 ,no one should write these brief outlines1 but merely give them informally4 ,the material can be found by following the daily papers1 or looking up articles in review magazines4 ,clubs which study a historical or literary subject often find it interesting to begin these miscellaneous programs with a roll-call1 members answering to their names with quotations from the authors of the period1 or from one author alone4 ,there are books of quotation which give the best short lines for such recitations1 and one gets a good1 if brief idea of writers in this way4 ,as to the matter of miscellaneous programs1 the subjects should not be too heavy and papers should not be too long or too seriously written4 ,popular themes1 the books of some well-known author1 the magazines of the day1 a philanthropy1 a brief study of a political figure1 all work out easily4 ,above all1 whatever theme is selected1 there should be a discussion of the subject at the close of the meeting4 ,women do not speak easily and naturally impromptu1 and it is an immensely valuable training to be obliged to present one's views clearly1 concisely and to the point before even a small audience1 and even a short experience of this kind in a club is of enormous assistance4 ,if the subject of the discussion is announced in advance members may prepare themselves to take part4 ,i--,a ,,century ,,of ,,dress ,a very simple but most interesting program for one miscellaneous meeting may be prepared on this theme4 ,divide it into three parts1 having the first paper on ,the ,dress of ,our ,grandmothers2 speak of its durability1 its simplicity1 its lack of change from one season to another2 mention the bonnets1 mitts1 slippers1 muffs and fans2 illustrate with old prints or fashion plate or illustrations from books of about #ahbj and #ahcj4 ,the second paper would then be on ,the ,dress of ,our ,mothers4 ,this will cover the periods of #ahfj1 with its hoopskirts1 its coalscuttle bonnets1 its shawls1 worked collars1 and cameo pins2 #ahga too1 should be represented1 with the tied back skirts1 the small hats perched on chignons1 the ridiculous sunshades4 ,read ,miss ,flora ,mc,flimsey at this point4 ,the third paper would be on ,our ,own ,dress1 showing the extreme styles1 short1 with scanty skirts and huge hats4 ,speak briefly of the sudden change of styles and their causes1 and the tendency to extravagance4 ,discuss topics such as these3 ,how far shall we follow the dictates of fashion8 ,how much of a woman's income should be spent for clothes8 ,what of our daughters' dress8 ,it will add to the interest of this program if the three papers are read by members in the costumes of the times of which they speak1 or if three or four tableaux are shown illustrating the papers4 ,have little ballads about dress sung if possible1 the ,old ,grey ,bonnet1 the ,owld ,plaid ,shawl1 and ,oh ,dear1 ,what ,can the ,matter ,be8 among others4 ,several programs might easily be made from this outline2 one1 on ,peasant ,dress1 with illustrations from all countries2 another on ,colonial ,dress2 a third on ,quaker ,dress4 ,by using the dress of all nations and all times1 an entire year might be delightfully spent on the subject of ,women's ,costumes4 ,,ii--,,emerson ,,and ,,his ,,times ,clubs which prefer literary study will find this subject most interesting1 and like the previous one1 capable of expansion into many programs4 ,begin with a roll-call1 the responses being selections from ,emerson's prose and verse4 ,the first paper would be on his boyhood1 his parents1 his home life and education1 his marriage1 his ministry1 his quiet life in ,concord4 ,the second paper would take up the friends so closely associated with him1 especially ,alcott1 ,margaret ,fuller1 ,thoreau1 ,longfellow and ,whittier4 ,the story of ,brook ,farm may come in here1 or have a special paper by itself2 close with his travels in ,england4 ,the last paper would be on ,emerson's work as author and lecturer2 of his place in his own day2 of what ,englishmen thought of him1 especially ,carlyle2 of the influence of his essays on young men4 ,have readings from prose and verse2 read also from some estimates of him by great writers4 ,see ,a ,memoir of ,ralph ,waldo ,emerson1 by ,james ,eliot ,cabot4 ,discuss1 ,is ,emerson's place among philosophers what it was a generation ago8 ,does the modern idea of social service find encouragement in him8 ,what was his attitude in regard to individualism8 ,,iii--,,children ,,and ,,books ,this is one of the topics on which it would be interesting to have the club invite some speaker1 perhaps a librarian1 to speak4 ,she would probably take up some of the following topics4 ,the effect of the public library for children of the poor1 of their interest in it1 their delight in the warm1 charming reading-room1 their growth in personal cleanliness as they learn to care for the books entrusted to them4 ,of what books children draw from a library2 of the reading of history1 of fairy stories1 of poetry1 of books of adventure4 ,definite and helpful suggestions will be given for children who have books at home1 of what parents should give them to read1 and how to interest them in good literature4 ,if no speaker can be had for the meeting1 divide these topics into two or three papers1 and have members write or speak on them4 ,close with a discussion on these lines3 ,what books have replaced the ,rollo ,books1 ,little ,prudy1 and the ,elsie ,books8 ,what of giving children grown-up writers to read such as ,shakespeare1 ,don ,quixote1 ,mallory and ,bunyan8 ,does much reading of stories vitiate their taste for better literature8 ,this program will be more delightful if songs about children are interspersed2 ,eugene ,field's verses set to music by ,de ,koven are admirable4 ,,iv--,,mural ,,painting ,in preparing this program look up in advance plenty of illustrations from historical books on art and architecture1 magazines of art1 and prints and photographs of famous examples1 such as the ,sistine ,chapel4 ,the first paper will of course deal with the earliest form of mural painting1 found in ,egypt1 ,assyria1 and ,greece4 ,describe these1 and notice the colors used by the ,greeks4 ,the second paper should speak of the wonderful paintings in churches1 of altar pieces1 and the decorations in fresco of walls and ceilings2 select from the many examples of churches in ,italy4 ,then the guild halls of the middle ages should be mentioned1 and the curious work on bridges and elsewhere in ,germany4 ,the third paper should speak of the extraordinary interest to-day in mural painting2 note that of the ,houses of ,parliament and other places abroad2 show pictures of the work of ,abbey and ,sargent in the ,boston ,public ,library1 and of ,blashfield and ,la ,farge in the ,congressional ,library at ,washington and elsewhere1 and the excellent mural paintings on our public buildings1 court houses and capitols1 and some public schools in ,new ,york4 ,discuss3 ,the ,cost of ,mural ,paintings ,to-day3 ,are ,they ,worth ,while8 ,v--,,the ,,art ,,of ,,conversation ,this subject opens a whole literary field and will be found delightful to expand into several meetings4 ,a roll-call might be answered with famous bons mots from some of the men and women to be studied4 ,sidney ,smith1 ,charles ,lamb and others have left many4 ,the first paper might be on famous conversationalists2 mention ,johnson1 ,horace ,walpole1 ,macauley1 ,fanny ,burney1 ,samuel ,rogers1 ,lady ,mary ,wortley ,montagu and ,sidney ,smith1 among many others4 ,the second would follow with some account of famous salons1 especially those of ,france at the time of ,recamier2 see ,sainte-,beuve's essays on this theme4 ,what of corresponding salons elsewhere8 ,a third paper would speak informally of conversation to-day2 is it becoming a lost art8 ,do we consider it seriously8 ,this paper will lead naturally to a discussion on these and similar themes3 ,what of our home table talk8 ,should children be taught to converse rather than to chatter8 ,shall we prepare ourselves in advance for conversations at dinners and other social occasions8 ,what is the relation between a good conversationalist and a good listener8 ,,vi--,,mendelssohn ,when club members can not only write papers but also play and sing1 this will be found a popular little program3 ,mendelssohn's famous grandfather2 his father1 interested in his son's genius2 his early home life2 his sister ,fanny2 the little ,sunday morning concerts2 his education1 his versatility1 his gay1 affectionate nature4 ,the second paper may be on the early beginnings of his work as a composer2 of his first opera2 the overture to ,midsummer ,night's ,dream1 and the formation and work of his choir4 ,speak of his travels in ,england and on the continent1 of his marriage2 his call to ,berlin by the king1 and his operas and oratorios2 the foundation of his music school2 and last his death4 ,the third paper should discuss his position among musicians1 his greatest work and its lasting qualities4 ,discuss3 ,does ,mendelssohn rank among the great musicians8 ,between each two papers have played some of the ,songs ,without ,words1 and others of his best known compositions1 and have some of his songs sung1 or selections from his oratorios2 or they may be given by using musical records4 ,the ,lark1 ,i ,would that ,my ,love1 and ,had ,i the ,wings of a ,dove1 are among the best4 ,,vii--,,colleges ,,for ,,boys ,,and ,,girls ,this is another popular program1 and one easily prepared and discussed4 ,divide it into two parts3 first1 the great universities1 ,harvard1 ,yale1 ,princeton and ,columbia2 their history2 their opportunities2 show pictures of each campus4 ,follow with a paper on the small college2 its advantages2 the state universities2 college athletics2 fraternities1 dangers of college life2 does college prepare for a business life8 ,next take girls' colleges in the same general way2 describe ,bryn ,mawr1 ,vassar1 ,wellesley and ,smith2 and show pictures of them4 ,have papers on1 ,is a college education essential for all girls8 and ,what are its advantages over the boarding-school1 and its disadvantages8 and ,what of athletics for girls8 and ,should their studies be those of men's colleges entirely8 ,discuss these subjects1 and add others3 ,does college life unfit a girl for life at home8 ,is a college girl likely to demand a career8 ,does she marry8 ,have some college songs sung3 ,fair ,harvard1 ,old ,nassau1 ,neath the ,elms of ,dear ,old ,yale1 and others4 ,,viii--,,the ,,care ,,of ,,children ,,and ,,the ,,aged ,,by ,,the ,,state ,this is one of the subjects in line with the philanthropy of to-day1 and will be found suggestive of social work for women's clubs4 ,the first paper might be on ,orphan ,asylums2 the care of young children1 their food1 dress1 education and personal oversight4 ,what of adopting children from asylums8 ,what of placing children in homes instead of asylums8 ,the second paper would take up3 the defective children to be cared for in asylums4 ,the blind1 deaf1 epileptic and idiots4 ,the third paper would be on the care of the aged2 of almshouses1 especially those of the county2 are they sanitary1 well cared for and cheerful8 ,are the old people well fed1 clothed and amused8 ,are husbands and wives separated8 ,the last paper might touch upon ,english almshouses on the cottage plan and contrast them with our own large institutions4 ,discuss the near-by almshouses1 and question what can be done to better conditions4 ,,ix--,,recent ,,books ,a group of three or at the most four books are quite enough for a miscellaneous program for one afternoon4 ,they may be selected on one general theme1 such as biography1 or on several4 ,the first book suggested here is a delightful life study1 that of ,robert ,e4 ,lee1 ,man and ,soldier1 by ,thomas ,nelson ,page4 ,notice the clearness and beauty of the style1 the appreciation of the man's character and work1 and the well chosen descriptions of his associates4 ,read part of a chapter near the close of the book4 ,second1 have a paper on ,the ,promised ,land1 by ,mary ,antin1 one of the really great books of to-day4 ,tell the story of her life1 reading here and there from her own words2 show how she was handicapped and yet how she rose1 and speak of the fact that such women bring inspiration to our shores4 ,third1 take ,the ,three ,brontes1 by ,may ,sinclair1 a book of fascinating interest4 ,briefly give a resume of the family1 and speak of the work of each sister2 compare with ,clement ,shorter's ,the ,brontes and ,their ,circle4 ,or1 for a program on several topics1 have these three books for the papers3 first1 ,the ,lady of the ,decoration1 by ,frances ,little4 ,give a review1 with its story1 the local color1 the humor and pathos2 read short selections4 ,second1 take ,heretics1 by ,chesterton2 here again1 review his style1 his mannerisms1 and note his light touch2 read briefly from two essays4 ,third1 take a collection of short stories1 perhaps ,jacobs' ,dialstone ,lane4 ,speak of his quaint dry humor1 his sense of the incongruous1 the similarity of his captain-heroes1 and the absurdity of his plots4 ,read one story4 ,x--,,markets ,for a last program take the subject of ,markets4 ,if possible1 illustrate some of these foreign markets mentioned1 the pictures to be found in magazines4 ,flower markets will make a first paper2 notice those of ,paris especially1 near the ,madelaine2 of ,covent ,garden1 ,london4 ,note the smaller flower markets in connection with the ordinary markets of cities4 ,a second paper may discuss famous markets in our own land1 notably the markets of ,new ,orleans and other ,southern cities2 their picturesqueness2 their value to the housewife4 ,are they hygienic8 ,third1 take up the larger aspects of the subject2 our great meat markets in cities here and abroad2 note the market at ,smithfield1 ,london1 on ,saturdays1 and the old ,fulton ,market of ,new ,york1 and others4 ,what can be done to regulate our markets1 and make them clean and wholesome8 ,what have women done here of recent years to clean up the markets of the ,west8 ,what of foreign markets1 especially in ,germany8 ,discuss the practical aspects of the subjects4 ,what of the relation of farmers to customers8 ,can the latter insist on cleanliness and fair trade8 ,what has the pure food legislation done on those points8 ,,the ,,end