file :i* includes ! orig9al             
illu/rations4       ,see #ccbeb-;h4htm  
or #ccbeb-;h4zip3                       
7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/
#ccbeb_/pg#ccbeb-;images4html7       or 
7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#ccbe
b_/ccbeb-;h4zip7         ,images ( !    
orig9al pages are available ?r\gh       
,int]net ,ar*ive_/,am]ican ,libr>ies4   
,see                                    
http3_/_/www4ar*ive4org_/details_/tuscan
sculptureo#jj;hurliala   ,transcrib]'s  
note3        ,9 ! text a c>at "* 77     
indicates t !       foll[+ "* is        
sup]script$4        ,) ! exception ( !  
foll[+ two typographical                
corrections1 ! text ( ?is file is t :i* 
is       conta9$ 9 ! orig9al pr9t$      
volume4        ,typographical ,errors   
,correct$3           ,page #jef1        
,p>agraph #a3 ,miss+ a add$             
,page #jff1 ,p>agraph #a3 ,miss+ 4 add$ 
,,tuscan ,,sculpture ,,( ,,! ,,fifte5?  
,,c5tury  ,a ,collection ( ,sixte5      
,pictures ,reproduc+ ,works by          

,donatello1 ! ,della ,robbia1 ,m9o da   
,fiesole1 & ,o!rs1 ) ,introduction &    
,int]pretation        99      99      99
      99      99      99                
,,riv]side ,,art ,,s]ies                
#a4 ,,raphael                           
#b4 ,,rembr&t                           
#c4 ,,mi*elangelo                       
#d4 ,,millet                            
#e4 ,,reynolds                          
#f4 ,,murillo                           
#g4 ,,greek ,,sculpture                 
#h4 ,,titian                            
#i4 ,,l&se]                             
#aj4 ,,correggio                        
#aa4 ,,tuscan ,,sculpture               
#ab4 ,,van ,,dyck  ,repres5tative       
pictures by fam\s ,arti/s1 )            
int]pretative text & portrait ( ! pa9t]4
 ,edit$ by ,,e/elle ,m4 ,,hurll4 ,ea*   
volume1 cr[n #hvo1 #ge c5ts1 net2 ,s*ool
 ,edition1 l951 #ej c5ts1 net2 pap]1 #ce
 c5ts1 net4                             
,,h\ghton1 ,,miffl9  ,,co4              
,bo/on & ,new ,york        99      99   

99      99      99      99              
,illu/ration3 ,,il ,,m>zocco            
7,,donatello7 ,national ,museum1        
,flor5ce   ,! ,riv]side ,art ,s]ies     
,,tuscan ,,sculpture ,,( ,,! ,,fifte5?  
,,c5tury  ,a ,collection ( ,sixte5      
,pictures ,reproduc+ ,works by          
,donatello1 ! ,della ,robbia1 ,m9o da   
,fiesole1 & ,o!rs1 ) ,introduction &    
,int]pretation  by  ,,e/elle ,m4 ,,hurll
        ,bo/on & ,new ,york ,h\ghton1   
,miffl9 & ,company  ,! ,riv]side ,press1
 ,cambridge #aijb  ,copyright1 #aijb1 by
 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl9  ,co4  ,publi%$ ,m>*1
 #aijb4     ,,preface   ,?is little     
collection is int5d$ z a companion      
volume to ,greek ,sculpture1 a previ\s  
issue ( ! ,riv]side ,art ,s]ies4 ,! two 
sets ( pictures1 /udi$ side by side1    
illu/rate cle>ly ! diff]5ce 9 ! _s      
animat+ ! two art p]iods repres5t$4  ,! 
,tuscan sculpture ( ! ,r5aissance 0     
develop$ "u a v>iety ( =ms1 ( :i* z _m z
 possible are includ$ 9 ! limits ( our  
book3 ! eque/rian /atue1 ! sepul*ral    

monum5t1 ! ideal /atue ( sa9t & h]o1 z  
well z v>i\s =ms ( decorative art appli$
 to ! beautify+ ( *ur*es & public       
build+s bo? )\t & )94  ,,e/elle ,m4     
,,hurll4 ,,new ,,b$=d1 ,,mass4 ,febru>y1
 #aijb4     ,,cont5ts ,,& ,,li/ ,,(     
,,pictures                              
,,page ,,il ,,m>zocco 7,,! ,,h]aldic    
,,lion ,,( ,,flor5ce7 4 ,by ,donatello  
,frontispiece  ,,introduction        ,i4
 ,,on ,,"s ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,tuscan   
,,sculpture            ,,( ,,! ,,fifte5?
 ,,c5tury                               
vii      ,,ii4 ,,on ,,books ,,(         
,,ref]5ce                               
xi     ,,iii4 ,,hi/orical ,,directory   
,,( ,,! ,,works ,,9 ,,?is ,,collection  
xiii      ,,iv4 ,,table ,,(             
,,biographical ,,data                   
xvi    ,i4 ,,musical ,,angels4 ,by      
,donatello                              
#a   ,,ii4 ,,/4 ,,philip4 ,by ,nanni di 
,banco                                  
#g  ,,iii4 ,,/4 ,,john ,,! ,,bapti/4 ,by
 ,donatello                             

#ac   ,,iv4 ,,! ,,infant ,,jesus ,,&    
,,/4 ,,john4 ,by ,m9o da ,fiesole       
#ai    ,v4 ,,boys ,,) ,,cymbals4 ,by    
,luca della ,robbia                     
#be   ,,vi4 ,,tomb ,,( ,,il>ia ,,del    
,,c>retto 7,detail74 ,by ,jacopo        
della ,qu]cia                           
#ca  ,,vii4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild        
7,detail ( lunette74 ,by ,luca          
della ,robbia                           
#cg ,,viii4 ,,! ,,meet+ ,,( ,,/4        
,,francis ,,& ,,/4 ,,dom9ick4 ,by       
,&rea della ,robbia                     
#dc   ,,ix4 ,,/4 ,,george4 ,by          
,donatello                              
#di    ,x4 ,,bamb9o4 ,by ,&rea della    
,robbia                                 
#ee   ,,xi4 ,,! ,,annunciation4 ,by     
,&rea della ,robbia                     
#fa  ,,xii4 ,,! ,,asc5sion4 ,by ,luca   
della ,robbia                           
#fg ,,xiii4 ,,tomb ,,( ,,! ,,c>d9al ,,( 
,,portugal4 ,by ,antonio                
,rossell9o                              
#gc  ,,xiv4 ,,eque/rian ,,/atue ,,(     

,,gattamelata4 ,by ,donatello           
#gi   ,,xv4 ,,%r9e4 ,by ,m9o da ,fiesole
                                    #hf 
,,xvi4 ,,il ,,m>zocco 7,,! ,,h]aldic    
,,lion ,,( ,,flor5ce7         ,by       
,donatello 7,see ,frontispiece7         
#ia  ,,pron\nc+ ,,vocabul>y ,,( ,,prop] 
,,names ,,& ,,=eign ,,words             
#ie  ,,note3 ,) "o exception ! pictures 
7 made f photographs by ,al9>i2 !       
,musical ,angels 0 made f a photograph  
by ,naya4     ,,introduction  ,i4 ,,on  
,,"s ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,tuscan         
,,sculpture    ,,9 ,,! ,,fifte5?        
,,c5tury4   ,! ,italian sculptors ( !   
e>li] half ( ! fifte5? c5tury are m ?an 
m]e =]unn]s ( ! great ma/]s ( its close1
 & (t5 rea* p]fection )9 ! n>r[ limits  
:i* !y *ose to impose on _! "w4 ,_!     
sculpture %>es ) ! pa9t+s ( ,botticelli 
& ! *ur*es ( ,brunelles*i t pr(\nd      
expressiv5ess1 t intimate impress ( an  
indwell+ s\l1 :i* is ! peculi>          
fasc9ation ( ! art ( ,italy 9 t c5tury4 
,^! words ( ,walt] ,pat] def9e admirably

 ! quality :i*1 9 v>y+ degree1 runs     
?r\gh ! "w ( m5 ( su* diff]+ me?ods z   
,donatello1 ! della ,robbia1 ,m9o da    
,fiesole1 & ,rossell9o4 ,x is ! quality 
( expressiv5ess z di/+ui%$ f t ab/ract  
or g5]aliz$ "* :i* belongs to ,greek    
sculpture4 ,greek sculpture1 x is true1 
taught "s ( ^! arti/s h[ to /udy nature1
 b x did n satisfy ,*ri/ian ideals4 ,!  
subjects dem&$ ( ! ,tuscans 7 entirely  
=eign to ,greek exp]i5ce4 ,! sa9ts &    
m>tyrs ( ! ,*ri/ian era 7 at ! opposite 
pole f ! gods & h]oes ( antiquity4 ,h5ce
 ! aim ( ! new sculpture 0 !            
manife/ation ( ! s\l1 z t ( ! classic   
art _h be5 ! glorification ( ! body4    
,jacopo della ,qu]cia 0 "o ( ! olde/ ( !
 sculptors ^: "w ext5d$ into ! fifte5?  
c5tury1 be+ already tw5ty-five ye>s (   
age :5 t c5tury began4 ,/&+ ?us 9 !     
p]iod ( transition betwe5 ! old & ! new1
 8 "w unites ! influ5ce ( m$iaeval      
tradition ) a di/9ctly new elem5t4 ,8   
bas-reliefs on ! portal ( ,s4 ,petronio 
at ,bologna are probably 8 mo/          

*>act]i/ic "w4 ,! tomb ( ,il>ia del     
,c>retto is 9 a class by itself3 ,9     
composition1 ! grave/ & mo/ tranquil ( 8
 works1 & 9 conception1 full (beauty &  
feel+4#a  ,donatello is und\bt$ly !     
greate/ "n 9 ,italian sculpture previ\s 
to ,mi*elangelo4 ,! k9%ip betwe5 ^! two 
m5 0 felicit\sly express$ 9 ,vas>i's    
quotation f ! mo/ le>n$ & v rev]5d ,don 
,vic5zo ,borgh9i3 ,ei!r ! _s ( ,donato  
work$ 9 ,buon>roti1 or t ( ,buon>roti   
fir/ act$ 9 ,donato4 ,vitality1 =ce1    
action1 sugge/iv5ess1 "*1 su* are !     
words :i* spr+ to ! lips 9 ! pres5ce (  
bo? ma/]s4  ,! range ( ,donatello's art 
0 ph5om5al1 f works ( su* magnitude z ! 
eque/rian /atue ( ,gattamelata1 to !    
decorative panels = ! alt> ( ,s4        
,antonio at ,padua4 ,at times he 0 an   
uncompromis+ reali/1 z 9 8 /atue ( !    
bald old man1 ! ,zuccone1 :o figur$ z   
,k+ ,david4 ,aga9 he %[$ himself capable
 ( l(ty idealism1 z 9 ! beautiful &     
h]oic ,/4 ,george4 ,:i* way 8 own ta/es 
lean$ we may judge f 8 favorite         

assev]ation1 ,by my ,zuccone4 ,! po9t is
 t x matt]$ no?+ to him :e!r 8 model 0  
beautiful or ugly1 :e!r he wr\ght out an
 ideal ( 8 imag9ation or /udi$ ! "* ( an
 actual individual2 8 fir/ c>e 0 to make
 ! figure live4 ,9 consequ5ce 8 art has 
:at a critic has call$ a robu/ness & a  
sanity :i* h made x a wellspr+ (        
inspiration to less] m54  ,! only       
subject practically left out (          
,donatello's "w 0 woman4 ,*ildr5 af=d$  
him all ! mat]ial he ne$$ = ! m         
decorative =ms ( 8 art4 ,= ! re/ !      
problems :i* int]e/$ him mo/ 7 p]haps   
be/ work$ out 9 ! /udy ( ! male figure4 
,a rec5t biograph] ( ,donatello1 ,hope  
,rea1 po9ts out "s int]e/+ *>act]i/ics (
 8 te*nical workman%ip4 ,9 e "w         
subsequ5t to 8 ,/4 ,m>k1 ! hair1 %e     
says1 is conspicu\s by its appe>ance (  
liv+ gr[?4 ,& aga91 expla9+ ! excell5ce 
( 8 drap]y1 %e %[s h[ he w5t beyond !   
ord9>y consid]ation ( ! g5]al fl[ & l9e 
( ! /uffs1 to a /udy ( ! sections ( !   
folds4 ,h5ce drap]y ) him is n only an  

arrangem5t ( l9es = decorative effect1  
or a cov]+ = ! figure1 b x is a beauty 9
 itself1 fill$ ) ! liv+ air4  ,nanni di 
,banco is a "n naturally associat$ ) t (
 ,donatello1 n only on acc\nt ( !       
fri5d%ip betwe5 ! two1 b f ! fact t bo? 
work$ on ! *ur* ( ,or ,san ,mi*ele4     
,nanni 0 "o ( ! small] m5 ^: "w is      
ov]%ad[$ by ! fame ( a great            
contempor>y4 ,8 art has n suffici5t     
di/9ction to give x a prom95t place2 yet
 x is n )\t good qualities4 ,m>cel      
,reymond insi/s t ! public has n yet    
appreciat$ ! j m]its ( ?is neglect$     
sculptor4 ,9 8 op9ion ! ,/4 ,philip 0 ! 
inspiration ( ,donatello's ,/4 ,m>k1    
:ile ,nanni's ,/4 ,eloi _h an influ5ce  
^u ,/4 ,george4  ,) ,luca della ,robbia 
began ! reign ( ! bas-relief1 z ,m>cel  
,reymond *>act]izes ! p]iod ( fifty ye>s
 betwe5 ,donatello & ,mi*elangelo4 ,wom5
 & *ildr5 7 ! special subjects ( ?is    
sculptor's art1 & x is p]haps 9 !       
,madonna & ,*ild t we see 8 mo/         
*>act]i/ic t\*4 ,h[ well he c\ld        

repres5t spirit$ action1 we see 9 "s ( !
 panels ( ! organ gall]y4 ,h[ dignifi$ 0
 8 s5se ( repose1 is se5 9 ! lunette ( !
 ,asc5sion4  ,mu* z he c>$ =            
expression1--expression c>ri$ to its    
highe/ int5sity ( degree1 z ,walt] ,pat]
 put x1--he nev] f\nd x necess>y to     
secure ?is expression at ! co/ ( beauty4
 ,t he /udi$ nature at fir/ h& 8 works  
are cle> evid5ce1 b t did n preclude !  
*oice ( attractive subjects4 ,8 /yle is 
s sob] & conta9$1 writes a rec5t critic1
 s delicate & yet s heal?y1 s lovely &  
yet s free f prett9ess1 s full (        
s5tim5t1 & devoid ( s5tim5tality1 t x is
 h>d to f9d words = any critical        
*>act]ization4#b ,simplicity & nobility1
 ! words ( ,cavalucci & ,mol9i]1 is     
p]haps ! be/ phrase 9 :i* to sum up !   
art ( ,luca della ,robbia4  ,9 8 nephew1
 ,&rea della ,robbia1 ! f\nd] ( ! s*ool 
_h a successor ^: be/ "w is wor?y ( !   
ma/]'s tea*+4 ,if he lack$ ! simplicity 
& sev]ity ( ! old] man1 he surpass$ him 
9 dep? ( ,*ri/ian s5tim5t4 ,sometimes1 x

 is true1 8 t5d]ness v]ges on weakness1 
8 dev\tness on pietism4 ,if we are      
tempt$ to *>ge him ) monotony we mu/    
rememb] :at pressure 0 br\ght ^u a man  
^: works atta9$ su* imm5se popul>ity4 ,!
 bamb9i ( ! ,f\ndl+ ,hospital & ! ,meet+
 ( ,/4 ,francis & ,/4 ,dom9ick %[ ! high
 level to :i* 8 art c\ld rise4  ,antonio
 ,rossell9o & ,m9o da ,fiesole may be   
class$ toge!r z sculptors to :om        
decorative effect 0 ( fir/ importance2  
!y lov$ l9e & =m = _! intr9sic beauty4  
,!y delight$ 9 elaborate & well ord]$   
compositions4 ,elegance ( design1       
delicacy & ref9em5t 9 h&l+1 are         
inv>iable qualities ( _! "w4 ,su*       
qualities 7 especially to be desir$ 9 ! 
mak+ ( ^? sepul*ral monum5ts :i* 7 s    
num]\s 9 _! p]iod4 ,( ! _m f9e works (  
?is class 9 ,tuscany ea* ( ^! two       
sculptors contribut$ at lea/ "o ( ! be/ 
examples4  ,x is sup]flu\s to po9t out t
 ! sweetness ( ^! sculptors is p]il\sly 
ne> ! insipid1 _! grace too (t5 =mal4   
,we are br\ght to realize ! true        

greatness ( ! m5 :5 we behold ! grave & 
tranquil beauty ( ! effigy ( ! ,c>d9al (
 ,portugal1 or ! vigor\s *>act]ization (
 ! bu/ ( ,bi%op ,salutati4  ,x is ,john 
,add+ton ,symonds :o says ! f9al ^w :5  
he decl>es t ! *>m ( ! works ( su* m5 z 
,m9o & ,rossell9o c sc>cely be def9$    
except by similes4 ,& ^! are ! images   
:i* ?is ma/] ( similes calls up to our  
m9d z we contemplate _! works3 ,!       
innoc5ce ( *ildhood1 ! melody ( a lute  
or a song bird z di/+ui%$ f ! music ( an
 or*e/ra1 ! ra! t9ts ( e>ly dawn1 *e]ful
 light on %all[ /reams1 ! s]5ity ( a    
simple & unta9t$ nature t has nev] kn[n 
! _w4  ,footnote #a3 ,sidney ,colv94    
,footnote #b3 ,notes on ,vas>i's ,lives1
 edit$ by ,e4 ,h4     & ,e4 ,w4         
,bla%field & ,a4 ,a4 ,hopk9s4     ,,ii4 
,,on ,,books ,,( ,,ref]5ce4   ,!re are b
 few works devot$ exclusively to !      
subject ( ,italian ,r5aissance          
sculpture4 ,= _m ye>s ,am]ican /ud5ts   
seek+ in=mation 9 ?is direction h reli$ 
*iefly ^u ! works ( ,c4 ,c4 ,p]k9s3     

,tuscan ,sculptors 7#b vols471 ,london1 
#ahfd2 ,italian ,sculptors 79 ,nor!rn1  
,s\!rn & ,ea/]n ,italy71 ,london1 #ahfh2
 & f9ally ! volume :i* unites & revises 
! mat]ial ( bo? e>li] works1 ,hi/orical 
,h&book ( ,italian ,sculpture1 ,new     
,york1 #ahhc4  ,! rec5t "w ( ,m>cel     
,reymond1 ,la ,sculpture ,flor5t9e1     
,flor5ce1 #ahih1 has be5 he>tily welcom$
 by /ud5ts ( all nationalities4 ,x      
consi/s ( f\r volumes1 all well         
illu/rat$1 devot$ respectively to3 7#a7 
,les ,pr$ecesseurs de l',ecole          
,flor5t9eet la ,sculpture ,flor5t9e au  
,,xive siecle ,! ,precursors ( !        
,flor5t9e ,s*ool & ,flor5t9e ,sculpture 
( ! #ad? ,c5tury4 7#b7 ,premi]e moitie  
du ,,xve siecle ,fir/ half ( ! #ae?     
c5tury4 7#c7 ,seconde moitie du ,,xve   
siecle ,second half ( ! #ae? c5tury4    
7#d7 ,le ,,xvie siecle et les           
,successeurs de l',ecole ,flor5t9e ,!   
#af? ,c5tury & ! ,successors ( !        
,flor5t9e ,s*ool4 ,z x has n be5        
translat$ into ,engli% ?is "w is n s    

widely read by ! g5]al public z x %\ld  
be1 b x is probably to be f\nd 9 mo/    
l>ge libr>ies4  ,a newly publi%$ book1  
,italian ,sculpture ( ! ,r5aissance1 by 
,l4 ,j4 ,freeman1 ,m4 ,a41 appe>s j z   
?is volume goes to press4 ,x is a brief 
survey1 critical & int]pretative1 ( !   
pr9cipal works ( ! mo/ prom95t ,flor5t9e
 sculptors ( ! p]iod1 ) "s acc\nt ( !   
*>act]i/ics ( ! e>ly & lat] ,r5aissance 
"w4 ,"s =ty f9e illu/rations elucidate !
 /udy4  ,( ! g5]al works on ! hi/ory (  
art f :i* mat]ial on our subject may be 
drawn1 ! mo/ important is ( c\rse       
,vas>i's ,lives4 ,9 ! rec5tly revis$    
,engli% v]sion1 edit$ by ,e4 ,h4 & ,e4  
,w4 ,bla%field & ,a4 ,a4 ,hopk9s 7,new  
,york1 #ahig71 are "s valuable footnotes
 summ+ up ! *>act]i/ics ( ! individual  
sculptors4  ,( ine/imable value =       
purposes ( s]i\s /udy are ! volumes by  
,eug5e ,mu5tz1 ,hi/oire de l',art p5dant
 la ,r5aissance4 ,! mat]ial be>+ on !   
sculptors illu/rat$ 9 ?is pres5t        
collection is f\nd 9 8 volume devot$ to 

,les ,primitifs 7,p>is1 #ahhi74 ,^? to  
:om ! ,fr5* text pres5ts no difficulty w
 d]ive mu* b5efit f ! /udy ( ?is book1  
:i* may be consult$ 9 ! l>ge public     
libr>ies4  ,a book available to all1 & (
 a delightfully popul> nature1 is !     
volume on ,! ,f9e ,arts 9 ,john ,add+ton
 ,symonds's s]ies ( ,! ,r5aissance 9    
,italy4 ,?is writ] _h a rem>kable gift =
 putt+ mu* sugge/ive comm5t into a      
compact & readable =m4  ,g5]al hi/ories 
( sculpture allott+ a proportionate     
space to ! consid]ation ( ! ,italian    
sculptors ( ! ,r5aissance are1 by ,lucy 
,baxt]1 ,sculpture1 ,r5aissance & ,mod]n
 7,new ,york1 #ahia72 ,luebke1 ,hi/ory (
 ,sculpture1 translat$ f ! ,g]man by ,f4
 ,e4 ,bunnett 7,london1 #ahgh72 ,allan  
,m>qu& & ,a4 ,l4 ,fro?+ham1 ,textbook ( 
! ,hi/ory ( ,sculpture 7,new ,york1     
#ahif74  ,a special /udy ( ! "w (       
,donatello is made by ,hope ,rea 9 a    
volume ( ! s]ies ( ,h&books ( ! ,great  
,ma/]s 9 ,pa9t+ & ,sculpture4 ,a        
complete li/ ( ! sculptor's works is    

giv54 ,luca della ,robbia is ! subject (
 two important ,fr5* works3 by          
,cavalucci & ,mol9i]1 ,les ,della       
,robbia 7,p>is1 #ahhd72 by ,m>cel       
,reymond1 ,les ,della ,robbia 7,flor5ce1
 #ahig74 ,!re is a *apt] on ,luca della 
,robbia 9 ,walt] ,pat]'s ,/udies 9 !    
,hi/ory ( ! ,r5aissance 7#ahij71 & ano!r
 9 ,mrs4 ,van ,r5ssela]'s ,six          
,portraits 7,bo/on1 #ahhi74  ,mrs4      
,oliphant has writt5 pleasantly bo? (   
,donatello & ( ,luca della ,robbia 9 ,! 
,mak]s ( ,flor5ce4     ,,iii4           
,,hi/orical ,,directory ,,( ,,! ,,works 
,,9 ,,?is ,,collection4   ,frontispiece4
 ,il ,m>zocco 7! h]aldic lion (         
,flor5ce74 7,donatello47 ,made ( pietra 
s]5a & orig9ally plac$ on ! r+hi]a ( !  
,palazzo ,vec*io1 ,flor5ce4 ,n[ 9 !     
,national ,museum 7,b>gello7 ( t city1  
:ile a bronze copy occupies its place 9 
front ( ! palace4  #a4 ,musical ,angels4
 7,donatello47 ,bronze bas-reliefs f !  
high alt> ( ,s4 ,antonio1 ,padua4 ,ord]$
 9 #addh4 ,complet$ 9 #adej4 ,m>cel     

,reymond holds t ! execution ( ^!       
reliefs 0 committ$ to assi/ants4 ,9     
#aegf a new alt> 0 ord]$1 & ,donatello's
 bronzes 7 disp]s$4 ,9 #ahie a          
recon/ruction ( ,donatello's alt> 0     
made1 sett+ ! p>ts 9 place accord+ to   
:at is suppos$ to h be5 ! orig9al       
design4  #b4 ,/4 ,philip4 7,nanni di    
,banco47 ,m>ble /atue 9 ni*e on outside 
( ,or ,san ,mi*ele1 ,flor5ce4 ,! date is
 unc]ta92 ,m>cel ,reymond consid]s x "o 
( ,nanni's olde/ works1 plac+ x be=e    
#adjh4  #c4 ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/4        
7,donatello47 ,bas-relief 9 pietra s]5a 
9 ! ,national ,museum 7,b>gello71       
,flor5ce4 ,no date is assign$4  #d4 ,!  
,infant ,jesus & ,/4 ,john4 7,m9o da    
,fiesole47 ,detail ( m>ble alt>piece 9  
alto relievo 9 ca!dral ( ,fiesole1 be+ a
 "p ( ! monum5t ( ,bi%op ,salutati4     
,ord]$ 9 #adfb4  #e4 ,boys ) ,cymbals4  
7,lucca della ,robbia47 ,"o ( ! m>ble   
bas-reliefs ornam5t+ ! organ gall]y = ! 
,flor5ce ca!dral4 ,organ gall]y begun 9 
#adca1 f9i%$ #addj4 ,remov$ f ca!dral 9 

#afhh4 ,reliefs put 9 ,uffizi ,gall]y   
#ahhb1 & !n 9 ! ,b>gello4 ,!nce tak5 to 
! museum ( ! ,duomo1 :]e !y are n[ to be
 se51 set up 9 place on ! recon/ruct$   
gall]y4  #f4 ,tomb ( ,il>ia del ,c>retto
 7,detail74 7,jacopo della ,qu]cia47    
,m>ble tomb 9 ! ca!dral ( ,lucca4       
,milanese dates x #adac1 b ,ridolfi's   
description ( ! ,lucca ca!dral places   
,jacopo's "w !re 9 #adjf or #adjg1 &    
,mu5tz ?9ks ?is date conclusive4  #g4   
,madonna & ,*ild 7,detail74 7,luca della
 ,robbia47 ,glaz$ t]ra cotta lunette ov]
 ! door ( a build+ 7n[ a %op7 9 ! ,via  
dell' ,agnolo1 ,flor5ce4 ,consid]$ by   
,m>cel ,reymond ! mo/ difficult (       
,luca's "w to date4 ,accord+ to ,dr4    
,bode1 execut$ be=e #adca2 accord+ to   
,allan ,m>qu&1 betwe5 #adcj & #addj2    
accord+ to ,m>cel ,reymond1 t[>ds #adej4
  #h4 ,meet+ ( ,/4 ,francis & ,/4       
,dom9ick4 7,&rea della ,robbia47 ,glaz$ 
t]ra cotta lunette 9 ! ,loggia ( ,san   
,paolo1 ,flor5ce4 ,classifi$ by ,m>cel  
,reymond "u ,&rea's ?ird mann]1 because 

di/+ui%$ by p]fect k ( arti/ic          
pr9ciples4  #i4 ,/4 ,george4            
7,donatello47 ,m>ble /atue orig9ally    
design$ = a ni*e on ! *ur* ( ,or ,san   
,mi*ele1 ,flor5ce4 ,execut$ 9 #adaf at !
 ord] ( ! ,guild ( ,armor]s4 ,9 #ahhg x 
0 remov$ to ! ,national ,museum1        
,flor5ce1 to pres]ve x f injury by      
exposure to ! wea!r4 ,a bronze copy 0   
sub/itut$ = x on ! *ur*4  #aj4 ,bamb9o4 
7,&rea della ,robbia47 ,"o ( a s]ies (  
glaz$ t]ra cotta m$allions on ! facade (
 ! ,f\ndl+ ,hospital1 ,flor5ce4 ,judg$  
by its relation to ! art ( ,luca della  
,robbia1 ?is is among ! e>ly works (    
,&rea4 ,f c]ta9 data 9 ! hi/ory ( !     
hospital1 ,cavalucci reckons t x 0      
execut$ ab\t ! ye> #adfc4  #aa4 ,!      
,annunciation4 7,&rea della ,robbia47   
,alt>piece at ,la ,v]na4 ,m>cel ,reymond
 says t f ! beauty ( /yle & ! advanc$ k 
( te*nique exhibit$ "h1 ?is "w mu/      
belong to ,&rea's maturity1 t is1 9 !   
neighborhood ( 8 =tie? ye>4 ,x is       
classifi$ by ,reymond 9 ,&rea's fir/    

mann]4  #ab4 ,! ,asc5sion4 7,luca della 
,robbia47 ,enamell$ t]ra cotta lunette1 
decorat+ tympanum ( door ( sacri/y 9 !  
ca!dral at ,flor5ce4 ,! fir/ "w 9 ?is   
mat]ial by ,luca ( :i* we h ! date1     
#addf4  #ac4 ,tomb ( ! ,c>d9al (        
,portugal 7,detail74 7,antonio          
,rossell9o47 ,tomb 9 color$ m>ble 9 !   
*ur* ( ,san ,m9iato1 ,flor5ce4 ,ord]$ 9 
#adfa4  #ad4 ,eque/rian /atue (         
,gattamelata4 7,donatello47 ,9 ! ,piazza
 del ,santo1 ,padua4 ,commission giv5   
#addd4 ,"w begun #addf4 ,/atue set up1  
#adec4 ,erect$ at ! exp5se (            
,gattamelata's son1 ,gio4 ,antonio4     
#ae4 ,%r9e4 7,m9o da ,fiesole47 ,a m>ble
 tab]nacle1 decorat$ 9 mezzo-relievo &  
orig9ally made = ! nuns ( ! conv5t ( !  
,murate4 ,remov$ 9 #ahae to ,s4 ,croce1 
,flor5ce4 ,no date is assign$ to x4     
,,iv4 ,,table ,,( ,,biographical ,,data4
   ,jacopo di ,pietro d',angelo1 ( ,la  
,qu]cia ,gossa1 a ca/ello once ne>      
,si5a & s9ce de/roy$4 ,born #acga2 di$  
#adch4 ,v>i\sly /at$     to h be5 a     

s*ol> ( ,mae/ro ,goro & ( ,luca di      
,giovanni4     ,milanese believes t ^!  
claims are gr\ndless1 & t     ,jacopo 0 
a pupil ( 8 own fa!r1 :o 0 a goldsmi?4  
,be/     kn[n = 8 m>ble reliefs ornam5t+
 ! portal ( ,s4     ,petronio1 ,bologna4
  ,nanni di ,banco4 ,son ( ,antonio di  
,banco1 :o 0 at "w 9 !     ,flor5ce     
,ca!dral 9 #adjf4 ,he is kn[n to h be5  
consid]ably     old] ?an ,donatello1 &  
,m>cel ,reymond sugge/s ! date #acgd    
z ! probable ye> ( 8 bir?4 ,di$ #adba4  
,donatello4 ,! famili> "n appli$ to     
,donato di ,niccolo di ,betti     ,b>di4
 ,born 9 ,flor5ce1 #achf2 di$ 9         
,flor5ce1 #adff4 ,8 visit     to ,rome 9
 company ) ,brunelles*i has be5 call$ ! 
mo/     important ( ! initial /eps 9 !  
revival ( antiquity 9 art4     ,!       
fri5d%ip & patronage ( ,cosmo de' ,m$ici
 br\ght !     arti/ _m commissions4     
,luca di ,simone di ,m>co della ,robbia4
 ,born 9 ,flor5ce1 #acii or     #adjj2  
di$ #adhb4  ,&rea della ,robbia1 nephew 
( ,luca4 ,born #adce2 di$ #aebe4        

,antonio ,rossell9o4 ,"o ( ! five sons (
 ,matteo di ,dom5ico     ,gamb>elli1 all
 be+ arti/s4 ,born 9 ,settignano 9      
#adbg2 di$     ab\t #adii4  ,m9o di     
,giovanni di ,m9o1 usually call$ ,m9o da
 ,fiesole4 ,born 9     #adca 9 ,poppi1 9
 ! ,cas5t9o1 a di/rict betwe5 ! s\rces (
     ! ,arno & ,tib]1 nor? ( ,arezzo4   
,di$ 9 #adhd4 ,he 0 a fri5d     (       
,desid]io da ,settignano1 b probably n  
"o ( 8 pupils4     ,i  ,,musical        
,,angels  ,,by ,,donatello   ,9 ! we/]n 
"p ( ,italy1 ly+ a little nor? ( !      
c5tre1 is ! di/rict kn[n z ,tuscany4    
,"h1 9 ! valley ( ! ,arno1 is ! city (  
,flor5ce1 glori\s ) h] /ori$ palaces &  
*ur*es4 ,ar\nd h] are clu/]$ ,pi/oja &  
,lucca1 ,pisa & ,leghorn1 ,si5a &       
,arezzo1 all notable t[ns 9 ,italian    
hi/ory4 ,"h1 too1 is ,c>r>a1 ) its /ores
 ( beautiful m>ble4  ,x 0 f ?is little  
di/rict ( ,tuscany t ! sculptors came =?
 :o h help$ to make ,italy fam\s z !    
bir?place ( mod]n art4 ,! developm5t (  
,tuscan sculpture cov]$ a p]iod ( "s    

?ree c5turies1 beg9n+ ) ! ,pisan        
,niccolo1 :o work$ betwe5 ! ye>s #abbj &
 #abgj1 & culm9at+ ) ! great ,flor5t9e  
,mi*elangelo1 :o di$ 9 #aefd4 ,we %all  
/udy 9 ?is little collection a few works
 ( ! fifte5? c5tury4  ,x 0 ! "t call$ by
 hi/orians ! ,r5aissance1 :i* means     
lit]ally ! new bir?4 ,! _w 0 awak5+ f ! 
long sleep ( ! ,middle ,ages1 & ,italy 0
 ! fir/ to be ar\s$4 ,c]ta9 adv5tur\s   
spirits began to pond] ! possibility ( a
 new cont95t beyond ! sea4 ,!re 0 a     
great revival ( le>n+1 accompani$ by a  
passionate love ( ! beautiful4 ,s*ools (
 art 7 e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ! l5g? ( ,italy4
  ,9 o!r volumes ( ?is s]ies we h le>n$ 
h[ ! *ur*es1 palaces1 & public build+s 7
 fill$ ) pa9t+s4#c ,we %all n[ see t    
sculpture also contribut$ mu* to !      
adornm5t ( ! cities4 ,/atues1 bu/s1 &   
bas-reliefs1 9 m>ble1 bronze1 &         
t]ra-cotta1 ornam5t$ _m build+s bo? )\t 
& )94  ,our illu/ration %[s two panels f
 ! s]ies ( twelve bronze reliefs on !   
front ( a *ur* alt>4 ,two little boy    

angels are mak+ music ) _! pipes4 ,!    
companion panels are also fill$ )       
musical angels1 "s s++ & o!rs play+ on  
v>i\s in/rum5ts4  ,! ,new ,te/am5t beg9s
 & ends ) ! music ( angels4 ,! bir? (   
,jesus is h]ald$ by a multitude ( !     
heav5ly ho/ s++ ,glory to ,god 9 !      
highe/4 ,! gold5 city ( ,/4 ,john's     
vision is fill$ ) ! voice ( h>p]s1 h>p+ 
) _! h>ps1 9 ! new song be=e ! ?rone (  
,god4 ,!nce has aris5 ! beautiful cu/om 
( arti/s to repres5t angels z musicians4
  ,! *ild angels ( our picture h t9y    
po9t$ w+s z a sign ( _! heav5ly orig94  
,c]ta9ly we _c imag9e su* buoyant little
 creatures tread+ ! e>? l mortals4 ,"o  
/&s on tip-toe l a bird pois$ = flight4 
,! o!r skips ?r\gh ! air ) joy\s motion4
 ,! head ( "o is encircl$ by a halo1 !  
emblem ( purity4 ,! o!r we>s a fillet ( 
fl[]s ov] 8 curls4 ,ea* c>ries two      
little pipes1 ! simple/ ( musical       
in/rum5ts4  ,illu/ration3 ,,musical     
,,angels 7,,donatello7 ,*ur* ( ,san     
,antonio1 ,padua  ,x 0 long ago 9 !     

*ildhood ( ! race t "s %eph]d1 pluck+ a 
re$ f ! bank ( a /ream1 fir/ f\nd t !   
holl[ /em _h a voice ( its own4 ,! pipe 
!reaft] became a favorite in/rum5t among
 primitive p4 ,we read 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t
 ,scriptures t ! anci5t ,hebrews us$ x 9
 ! celebration ( _! fe/ivities4 ,at !   
,greek fe/ivals also ! pip]s _h a place 
9 ! procession ( musicians4  ,our angel 
pip]s are bl[+ lu/ily ) puff+ *eeks--   
,su* sweet     ,s(t notes z yet         
musician's cunn+     ,nev] gave !       
enraptur$ air4  ,!y are g5u9e musicians1
 n *ildr5 play+ ) ! pipes z ) toys4 ,!y 
move to ! rhy?m ( _! pip+1 _! lift$     
faces express+ _! delight4 ,_! ?9 g>m5ts
 cl+ to _! figures1 & ! loose ends      
flutt] ab\t !m4  ,e l9e ( ! modell+ is  
beautiful1 ! poise ( ! figures full (   
rhy?mic grace4 ,! angel at ! left /&s 9 
pr(ile1 ) face slightly turn$ away f !  
spectator4 ,! "r h& figure skips        
directly out ( 8 panel1 sw++ li!ly ab\t 
t[>ds ! left1 z he moves4 ,! outl9es (  
bo? figures describe long f9e curves1 ) 

:i* ! edges ( ! drap]y run p>allel4 ,9 !
 draw+ ( ! "r h& angel we may trace     
delicate patt]ns ( int]lac+ ovals4  ,"s 
portions ( ! "w seem to be modell$ 9 v  
high relief4 ,! limbs1 we are told1 are 
9 l[ relief1 support$ on a metal back1  
an in* or s ?ick1 by :i* !y are ?r[n out
 to a prop] di/ance f ! backgr\nd4  ,!  
alt> to :i* our panels belong is 9 !    
*ur* ( ,s4 ,antonio1 ,padua1 & 0 execut$
 by ! ,flor5t9e sculptor1 ,donatello1 9 
#adej4 ,! entire s*eme ( decoration is v
 elaborate4 ,on ! front is a r[ (       
musical angels1 9 :i* ! panels "h       
reproduc$ occupy opposite ends4 ,above  
^! are five reliefs ( l>g] size2 & /ill 
high] are sev5 life-size /atues ( sa9ts4
 ,! :ole is surm\nt$ by a crucifix4 ,ev5
 ! back ( ! alt> is ornam5t$ ) reliefs1 
& ! "w is an example ( ! _s ( ! age1 :i*
 ?\ght no?+ too ri* or beautiful = !    
purposes ( wor%ip4  ,footnote #c3 ,see  
,raphael1 ,mi*elangelo1 ,titian1 &      
,correggio4     ,,ii  ,,/4 ,,philip     
,,by ,,nanni ,,di ,,banco   ,/4 ,philip 

0 "o ( ! fir/ gr\p ( disciples :om      
,jesus call$ to 8 s]vice4 ,he 0 a native
 ( ,be?saida 9 ,galilee1 b we d n "k :at
 occupation he pursu$ !re4 ,!re is a    
tradition t he 0 a *>iot driv]1 & 9 any 
case he 0 c]ta9ly a labor+ man l all ( !
 twelve4 ,hav+ atta*$ himself to ,jesus 
he began at once to "w 9 8 cause4 ,he   
p]suad$ ,na?anael to come & see ! ,ma/]1
 & !reby won a new adh]5t4#d  ,philip 0 
n spiritually m9d$1 l ,john1 nor        
impetu\s1 l ,pet]1 b 9 8 own way he     
want$ to "k ! tru?4 ,p]haps he 0 a      
little sl[] ?an o!rs to grasp religi\s  
tea*+4 ,x may be t he 0 frank] ?an _m 9 
confess+ t he did n und]/&4  ,he &      
,?omas 7 some:at alike 9 ?is respect1 & 
once1 :5 ,jesus 0 talk+ ( dep>t+ to !   
,heav5ly ,fa!r1 bo? int]rupt$ him )     
que/ions4 ,philip said1 ,"l1 %[ u !     
,fa!r & x suffice? u4 ,h ,i be5 s long  
"t ) y & yet ha/ ?\ n kn[n me8 repli$   
,jesus4 ,he t ha? se5 me ha? se5 !      
,fa!r4#e  ,app>5tly ,philip le>n$ 8     
lesson well1 = we read 9 traditional    

hi/ory ( 8 fai?ful mission>y s]vices 9  
lat] life4 ,he 0 tw5ty ye>s 9 ,scy?ia   
prea*+ ! gospel4 ,!n he w5t to          
,hi]opolis 9 ,phrygia1 :]e ! p wor%ipp$ 
a s]p5t4 ,! apo/le drove ! s]p5t away1 b
 ! pagan prie/s s\ght 8 life 9 rev5ge4  
,he 0 b\nd to a cross & /on$ to dea?1   
pray+ ev5 9 8 agony = 8 enemies4#f  ,!  
/atue ( ,/4 ,philip 9 our illu/ration   
%[s him z a some:at commonplace-look+   
man ) heavy features4 ,x accords ) !    
usual acc\nt ( him t 8 face %\ld n be   
p>ticul>ly intellectual4 ,8 attitude is 
full ( dignity1 & d5otes a well-balanc$ 
"*4 ,! l>ge well-knit h&s are ^? ( an   
artisan4 ,he is ( ab\t middle age1 z !  
arti/s usually repres5t him4 ,a pla9 man
 ( good common s5se & /]l+ wor?--?is 0  
,philip bo? 9 fact & 9 ! /atue4  ,9     
pictures & /atues ! apo/les ne>ly always
 c>ry ! symbols ( _! id5tity4 ,/4       
,philip's emblem is ! cross1 b x is "h  
disp5s$ )1 & we h only ! ,lat9          
inscription to %[ u :o he is4           
,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,philip 7,,nanni    

,,di ,,banco7 ,*ur* ( ,or ,san ,mi*ele1 
,flor5ce  ,! /atue /&s 9 a ni*e1 & is "o
 ( a s]ies ornam5t+ ! outside ( ! *ur* (
 ,or ,san ,mi*ele 9 ,flor5ce4 ,9 build+ 
?is *ur* all ! m]*ants & artisans ( !   
city contribut$ to support ! "w4 ,ea*   
trade 0 at t "t repres5t$ by a guild or 
association ^: memb]s unit$ to advance  
_! common bus9ess int]e/s4#g ,^! v>i\s  
guilds furni%$ ! /atues = ! ni*es1 ea*  
supply+ ! figure ( its own patron sa9t4 
,/4 ,philip 0 ! gift ( ! ,guild (       
,hosi]s1 & 0 execut$ by ! sculptor      
,nanni di ,banco4  ,donatello _h at fir/
 be5 approa*$ by ! guild1 b consid]+ 8  
price exorbitant !y gave ! ord] to      
,nanni1 :o promis$ to accept any t]ms !y
 decid$ ^u4 ,:5 ! /atue 0 done1 h[ev]1 !
 sculptor dem&$ a sum l>g] ?an ! price (
 ,donatello4 ,! latt] 0 n[ call$ ^u to  
act z ref]ee1 & he set a /ill high]     
price ^u ! "w4 ,! ,hosi]s 7 indignant4  
,:y1 !y ask$1 _h ,donatello rat$        
,nanni's "w at a high] price ?an 8 own1 
:i* w\ld h und\bt$ly be5 bett]8         

,because1 repli$ ! great sculptor1      
laugh+1 be+ less skilful ?an ,i1 he has 
work$ h>d]1 & !re=e des]ves m pay4 ,a   
compromise 0 effect$1 & ! /atue set 9   
place4  ,t ,donatello c\ld inde$ h made 
a bett] /atue we %all pres5tly see :5 we
 /udy 8 ,/4 ,george1 design$ = ! same   
*ur*4 ,/4 ,philip lacks di/9ction1 & x  
has n ! animation :i* ! great] sculptor 
knew h[ to imp>t to 8 "w4 ,nev]!less x  
has c]ta9 arti/ic qualities :i* make x  
wor?y ( ,donatello's *ampion%ip4  ,!    
l9es ( ! drap]y are well /udi$4         
,app>5tly ,nanni _h le>n$ some?+ 9 ?is  
respect f ! ,greek sculpture4 ,:]e      
drap]ies are simple & hang 9 long       
unbrok5 l9es1 ! effect is impressive &  
dignifi$4 ,:5 !y are volum9\s & brok51  
!y lose 9 dignity4 ,good art is always  
simple & has no mean+less l9es4  ,we are
 int]e/$ 9 exam9+ ! ni*e 9 :i* ! /atue  
is set4 ,x is ,go?ic 9 design1 & ) its  
po9t$ top & side p9nacles recalls !     
ca!dral w9d[s 9 nor!rn ,europe4 ,an     
ar*itectural frame ( ?is sort is (t5    

call$ a tab]nacle1 be+ 9 fact a m9iature
 *ur* 9 =m4 ,9 ! triangul> space at !   
top is a bas-relief figure 9 half l5g?  
:i* seems to repres5t ,*ri/4 ,! base is 
ornam5t$ ) an arabesque or scroll       
design1 flank$ at ea* end by ! arms ( ! 
,hosi]s' ,guild4 ,! side pill>s h ri*   
,cor9?ian capitals4 ,j inside are twi/$ 
pill>s ( curi\s workman%ip4  ,our       
illu/ration also %[s a portion ( ! wall 
aga9/ :i* ! ni*e is plac$4 ,we see t !  
*ur* is built ( /one1 set 9 squ>e       
blocks4 ,on ea* side ( ! ni*e is a metal
 r+ ?r\gh :i* tor*es 7 ?ru/4  ,footnote 
#d3 ,/4 ,john1 *apt] i41 v]ses #dc-ea4  
,footnote #e3 ,/4 ,john1 *apt] xiv41    
v]ses #a-aa4  ,footnote #f3 ,mrs4       
,jameson's ,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art1 p4   
#bce4  ,footnote #g3 ,! ,flor5t9e guilds
 ( ?is p]iod may be comp>$ ) ^? ( !     
sev5te5? c5tury 9 ,holl&4 ,see ! *apt]  
on ! ,syndics ( ! ,clo? ,guild 9 !      
volume on ,rembr&t 9 ! ,riv]side ,art   
,s]ies4     ,,iii  ,,/4 ,,john ,,!      
,,bapti/  ,,by ,,donatello   ,9 ! hill  

c\ntry ( ,judaea liv$ ! prie/ ,za*>ias &
 8 wife1 ,elisabe?1 :o 7 ! p>5ts ( ,/4  
,john ! ,bapti/4 ,!y 7 pi\s p1 walk+ 9  
all ! comm&m5ts & ord9ances ( ! ,"l1    
blameless4 ,"o day1 z ,za*>ias 0 m9i/]+ 
9 8 (fice 9 ! temple1 an angel br\ght   
him ! glad tid+s t he 0 to h a son4 ,?\ 
%alt call 8 "n ,john1 said ! vision1 &  
?\ %alt h joy & gladness1 & _m %all     
rejoice at 8 bir?4  ,a great c>e] 0     
promis$ = ! com+ *ild4 ,he 0 to be a    
prea*] fill$ ) spiritual p[]4 ,l ! old  
prophet ,elias1 he 0 to turn ! he>ts ( !
 p to ,god1 & to prep>e ! way = ! ,*ri/4
 ,z a sign t ! angel's words 7 true1    
,za*>ias 0 /rick5 dumb until 8 son 0    
born4 ,!n 8 tongue 0 loos$1 & he spake &
 prais$ ,god4  ,! neighbors m>vell$ at !
 my/]y ( ,john's bir?1 & !y saw t ! h& (
 ! ,"l 0 ) him4 ,& ! *ild grew & wax$   
/rong 9 _s1 until he came to manhood4#h 
,!n 0 fulfill$ ! angel's prophecy       
conc]n+ him4 ,he became a great prea*]1 
& multitudes flock$ to he> him4  ,john's
 mann] ( life 0 l t ( a h]mit4 ,he dwelt

 9 ! wild]ness ab\t ! riv] ,jordan1 we>+
 a g>m5t ( camel's hair b\nd ab\t 8 lo9s
 ) a lea!rn girdle4 ,8 food 0 locu/s &  
wild honey4 ,he ga!r$ 8 audi5ces 9 ! op5
 air & baptis$ 8 disciples 9 ! riv]4    
,?\gh /]n 9 8 tea*+s he became = a "t v 
popul>4 ,yet he always spoke ( 8 own "w 
) great humility4 ,!re come? "o mighti] 
?an ,i aft] me1 he said4#i ,?is 0       
,jesus1 :o1 on pres5t+ himself =        
baptism1 0 greet$ by ,john z ! ,lamb (  
,god4 ,! prophet's mission 0 n[         
accompli%$4 ,he 0 soon aft] ?r[n into   
prison & behead$1 at ! ord] ( ,k+ ,h]od1
 ^: s9s he _h op5ly rebuk$4  ,! /ory ( !
 ,bapti/'s life br+s readily be=e !     
imag9ation ! /range figure ( ! man4#aj  
,x is n s easy to fancy h[ he might h   
look$ z a boy4 ,! bas-relief ( our      
illu/ration %[s u :at =m ! idea took 9 !
 m9d ( ! sculptor ,donatello4           
,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,john ,,! ,,bapti/  
7,,donatello7 ,national ,museum1        
,flor5ce  ,! little fell[ seems tall &  
sl5d] = 8 ye>s1 z if he _h /ret*$ 8     

limbs by runn+ mu* 9 ! op5 air4 ,! face 
is some:at s]i\s1 b p]fectly *ildi%4 ,! 
lips are p>t$ 9 a half smile4 ,he has a 
good =ehead1 & is an indep5d5t ?9k]4 ,he
 impresses u z a /raight=w>d "*1 a boy  
to l & tru/4  ,x w\ld be too mu* to say 
t he %[s ! mak+ ( a great man4 ,x is    
en\gh t he is an hone/1 heal?y boy ) a  
m9d ( 8 own4 ,he is h>dly pretty1 b he  
is v int]e/+4 ,! hair is 8 mo/ *>m+     
feature1 wav+ 9 little t5drils ov] !    
head4 ,he is n plump en\gh = 8 figure to
 %[ f9e curves4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! modell+
 is on r sev]e l9es1 z if 9 keep+ ) !   
"*4  ,c]ta9 well und]/ood signs %[ :o he
 is4 ,! circle ab\t 8 head is ! halo1 ! 
symbol ( a sacr$ "*4 ,! sk9 g>m5t fa/5$ 
at ! %\ld] rem9ds u ( ! /range clo?+    
,john wore 9 ! des]t4 ,! tall cross is !
 emblem ( ! prophet1 z a =]unn] ( !     
crucifi$ "o4  ,donatello's art cov]$ a  
wide range ( subjects1 b 9 none 0 he m  
at home ?an 9 repres5t+ *ildr54 ,he has 
be5 call$ ! poet ( *ild-life4 ,!re are  
int]e/+ po9ts ( comp>ison betwe5 !      

example be=e u & ! ,musical ,angels ( ! 
alt> at ,padua4 ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ is  
evid5tly a real little boy1 transf]r$ to
 ! /one j z he 04 ,! pip+ angels1 on !  
o!r h&1 are *ild ideals1 )\t c\nt]p>t  9
 real life4 ,/4 ,john's l>ge e>1 ) its  
irregul>ly b5t rim1 & 8 /raight upp]    
lip1 are features su* z an arti/ mu/    
c]ta9ly h copi$1 n inv5t$4 ,! angel     
faces1 on ! o!r h&1 are m\ld$ 9 ! p]fect
 curves :i* orig9ate 9 ! imag9ation ( ! 
arti/4 ,donatello 01 above all ?+s else1
 a close /ud5t ( human nature4          
,sometimes1 inde$1 he *ose v            
unattractive models1 & reproduc$ !m s   
fai?fully t ! realism is almo/ pa9ful4  
,8 arti/ic eye 0 always op5 to new      
impressions4 ,p]haps1 "o day z he walk$ 
?r\gh ! /reets ( ,flor5ce1 he notic$    
among ! *ildr5 play+ !re ?is little     
fell[ ( ! long neck & p5sive face4      
,ecco1 said he1 to himself1 il          
,giovann9o4#aa ,! *ild's face & be>+ _h 
a qua9t s]i\sness precisely suit$ to !  
"*4  ,x is wond]ful h[ ! sculptor's art 

has made ! little boy seem actually     
alive 9 ! bas-relief4 ,! hair is execut$
 ) ! skill peculi> to ,donatello1 &     
seems to gr[ f ! head4 ,su* /udies f    
real life--g5re /udies1 z !y are        
call$--7 lessons :i* prep>$ ! arti/ =   
high] works ( idealism4 ,! little ,/4   
,john may h be5 ! orig9al mat]ial = "s (
 ! angel figures4  ,footnote #h3 ,!     
circum/ances ( ,john's bir? are relat$ 9
 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,/4 ,luke1 f :i* !      
quotations are drawn4  ,footnote #i3 ,/4
 ,m>k1 *apt] i41 v]se #g4  ,footnote    
#aj3 ,see ! pictures ( ,/4 ,john !      
,bapti/ 9 ! volumes on ,titian &        
,correggio 9 ! ,riv]side ,art ,s]ies4   
,footnote #aa3 ,!re is ! little ,john4  
,,iv  ,,! ,,infant ,,jesus ,,& ,,/4     
,,john  ,,by ,,m9o ,,da ,,fiesole       
,jesus & ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ 7 ( ne>ly !
 same age1 & !re 0 a peculi> tie betwe5 
!m4 ,_! mo!rs1 ,m>y & ,elizabe?1 7      
c\s9s1 & be=e ! boys 7 born ! two wom5  
_h confid$ 9 ea* o!r _! hopes = ! future
 ( _! *ildr54 ,angelic mess5g]s _h      

pr$ict$ a rem>kable de/9y = bo? boys4   
,jesus 0 to rule ov] an ev]la/+ k+dom1 &
 ,john 0 to be 8 prophet prep>+ ! way = 
him4 ,^! 7 secrets :i* ! outside _w c\ld
 n h und]/ood1 & ,m>y paid a visit to h]
 k9swoman t !y might talk ( !m toge!r4  
,z ,john's home 0 9 ! hill c\ntry &     
,jesus 0 born 9 ! t[n ( ,be?lehem1 we d 
n "k h[ soon ! boys met4 ,x might be    
suppos$ t ,m>y & ,elizabe? w\ld be eag] 
to br+ !m toge!r4 ,:ile ! mo!rs took    
c\ncil on ! tra9+ ( _! sons1 ! *ildr5   
w\ld be at play4  ,! little ones 71 we  
believe1 br\ght up q simply1 ) no s5se t
 !y 7 diff]5t f o!r *ildr54 ,jesus 0 a  
natural lead]4 ,we rememb] h[ he        
surpris$ 8 "m at ! age ( twelve by      
ass]t+ 8 own judgm5t4#ab ,among 8       
playfell[s he mu/ h %[n mu* e>li] t he 0
 ! "o to take ! fir/ place4 ,john 0     
d\btless taught by 8 "m to def] to 8    
little c\s94 ,he 0 n lack+ 9 _s himself1
 b he c\ld sometimes be v humble4 ,9 8  
manhood he spoke ( ,jesus z "o ^: %oe's 
lat*et he 0 n wor?y to unloose4#ac  ,x  

is pleasant to picture ! two *ildr5     
toge!r 9 our fancy1 & we d n wond] t    
arti/s h lik$ ! subject4#ad ,our        
illu/ration %[s u ! !me wr\ght 9 m>ble4 
,! *ild ,jesus sits on ! /eps1 & !      
little ,/4 ,john approa*+ kneels 9      
adoration4 ,we see at once ! religi\s   
mean+ ( ! arti/3 ! relation betwe5 ! two
 9 aft] life is =e%ad[$ 9 ?is imag9>y   
incid5t4 ,ea* *ild c>ries ! symbol ( 8  
"*4 ,a halo beh9d ! head ( ,jesus       
signifies 8 div9e orig94 ,he holds on 8 
knee a globe surm\nt$ by a cross1 9 tok5
 t he :o 0 crucifi$ %all be ! rul] ( !  
_w4 ,9 ! symbol ( ! globe ! old arti/s  
anticipat$ ! lat] discov]ies ( sci5ce z 
to ! =m ( ! e>?4 ,"s ( ! anci5t         
philosoph]s _h taught t ! e>? is a      
sph]e1 & ?r\gh ! writ+s ( ,ari/otle !   
belief 0 spread among ! s*ol>s ( !      
,middle ,ages4#ae ,t ! idea made its way
 into art is p]haps because ! sph]e is !
 mo/ p]fect & beautiful =m1 & h5ce !    
fitt+ symbol ( ,god's creat$ "w4#af     
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,infant ,,jesus ,,&  

,,/4 ,,john 7,,m9o ,,da ,,fiesole7      
,ca!dral1 ,fiesole  ,/4 ,john c>ries !  
cross1 :i* is 8 usual emblem z a prophet
 ( ,*ri/4 ,x is tall & sl5d] because x 0
 suppos$ to be made ( re$s4 ,! ref]5ce  
is to ,jesus's words conc]n+ ,john :5   
ask+ ! p if !y _h s\ght ! prophet m]ely 
z a re$ %ak5 by ! w9d4  ,! infant ,jesus
 is a vigor\s *ild1 /raight & p]fectly  
=m$4 ,! little ,/4 ,john is an old] &   
tall] boy1 we>+ a tunic4 ,! y\ng] *ild  
is delight$ to h a playfell[4 ,!re is an
 eag] smile on 8 face1 & he puts out 8  
"r h& z if he long$ to take ! curi\s    
play?+ ,/4 ,john c>ries4 ,bo? *ildr5 are
 plump1 ) well-%ap$ heads1 b !re is no?+
 precoci\s-look+ ab\t ei!r4 ,!y are     
inde$ uncommonly pretty1 b = ! re/ are l
 o!r *ildr51 ey+ ea* o!r some:at %yly 9 
! e>ly /ages ( acqua9tance4 ,x w n be   
long be=e !y are ! be/ ( fri5ds4  ,!    
figures 9 our illu/ration =m a "p ( a   
m>ble alt>-piece by ,m9o da ,fiesole4 ,!
 :ole composition consi/s ( ?ree ni*es  
approa*$ by /eps4 ,9 ! c5tral comp>tm5t 

kneels ! "m ,m>y1 ador+ ) fold$ h&s !   
*ild1 :o sits bel[ h]4 ,we see 9 our    
picture only ! l[] "p ( h] dress beh9d !
 ,*ri/ *ild4 ,9 ! side ni*es are figures
 ( sa9ts1 ! little ,/4 ,john kneel+ 9   
front ( ! "o on ! ,madonna's "r4  ,m9o  
da ,fiesole has be5 call$ ,! ,raphael ( 
sculpture1 & 8 "w 9 ?is alt>-piece      
illu/rates ! fitness ( comp>+ him ) !   
great pa9t]4 ,especially d ! figures ( !
 two *ildr5 "h rem9d u ( ! *ild ideals (
 ,raphael4 ,at ! "t :5 ?is "w 0 execut$ 
7#adfb7 pa9t]s & sculptors _h j begun to
 repres5t ! ,*ri/ *ild undrap$4 ,! e>li]
 arti/s _h always %[n ! little figure   
clad 9 a tunic4 ,we %all pres5tly see h[
 ?is old cu/om 0 /ill foll[$ 9          
bas-reliefs ( ! ,madonna & ,*ild by     
,luca della ,robbia & ,rossell9o4 ,! m  
progressive arti/s 7 unwill+ to conceal 
! beauty ( ! *ild's figure by any sort (
 dress4 ,by ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury 
! old way _h entirely giv5 place to !   
new4#ag  ,9 our picture we see t a ,lat9
 inscription on ! base ( ! l[e/ /ep     

conta9s ! "n ( ,leon>do ,salutati1 bi%op
 ( ,fiesole4 #ah ,x 0 by ! ord] ( ?is   
bi%op t ! alt> 0 execut$1 z 0 also !    
tomb opposite x 9 ! ca!dral ( ,fiesole4 
,footnote #ab3 ,/4 ,luke1 *apt] ii41    
v]se #di4  ,footnote #ac3 ,/4 ,luke1    
*apt] iii41 v]se #af4  ,footnote #ad3   
,see ,*apt] ,,ix41 on ! ,*ildr5 ( !     
,%ell1 9 ! volume on ,murillo 9 !       
,riv]side ,art ,s]ies4  ,footnote #ae3  
,?is is on ! au?ority ( a ,fr5* writ]1  
,a4 ,j\rda91 quot$ by ,william ,h4      
,till+ha/ 9 an essay on ! ,geographical 
,k ( ! ,anci5ts1 9 ! ,n>rative &        
,critical ,hi/ory ( ,am]ica4 ,9 ! same  
essay an anonym\s poem ( ! ?irte5?      
c5tury is quot$ to %[ ! preval5t belief 
9 ! sph]icity ( ! e>?4  ,footnote #af3  
,9 ,didron's ,*ri/ian ,iconography1     
sev]al int]e/+ illu/rations f old       
m9iatures1 etc41 %[ ! globe 9 ! h& ( !  
,creator4 ,x is curi\s t ?is suppos$ly  
exhau/ive au?ority on *ur* symbolism    
gives no acc\nt ( ! orig9 & hi/ory ( ?is
 emblem4  ,footnote #ag3 ,see ,madonna  

pictures by ,raphael1 ,titian1          
,correggio1 & ,mi*elangelo 9 o!r volumes
 ( ! ,riv]side ,art ,s]ies4  ,footnote  
#ah3 ,eps1 ) ! curi\s m>k above1 /&s =  
episcopus4     ,v  ,,boys ,,) ,,cymbals 
,,by ,,luca ,,della ,,robbia   ,!       
bas-relief ( our illu/ration is "o ( a  
s]ies ( m>ble panels design$ to ornam5t 
! s++-gall]y ( a *ur*4 ,! *ildr5 mov+   
=w>d ) song & cymbal rem9d u ( ! b&s (  
s+]s & musicians :o took "p 9 religi\s  
processions ( anci5t times4 ,we read (  
su* processions among bo? ! ,greeks#ai &
 ! ,hebrews4 #bj  ,! cu/om ( s++ 0      
adopt$ by ! ,*ri/ian *ur* f its         
f\ndation1#ba & gradually ! musical "p (
 ! s]vice 0 develop$ into a f9e art4    
,!re 0 a fam\s sy/em ( *oral *ant+ "u   
,pope ,gregory ,i41#bb & 9 ! elev5?     
c5tury "p s++ 0 introduc$4 ,at l5g? !   
organ came into use1 & by ! fifte5?     
c5tury x _h become an important "p ( !  
*ur* furni%+s4  ,x 0 e>ly 9 ?is c5tury  
:5 ! w>d5s ( ! ca!dral at ,flor5ce _h an
 organ con/ruct$ on :at ! old writ]     

,vas>i call$ a v gr& scale4 ,9          
connection ) ?is an organ l(t1 su* z !  
,italians call a cantoria1 0 ne$$ to    
accommodate ! s+]s4 ,! ,flor5t9e        
sculptor1 ,luca della ,robbia1 receiv$ !
 ord] = ?is "w1 & 0 occupi$ ) x "s n9e  
ye>s 7#adca-addj74  ,! cantoria is      
entirely ( m>ble1 built l a balcony1 ) !
 upp] "p or balu/rade support$ on five  
consoles or brackets4 ,f\r squ>e        
bas-reliefs1 sep>at$ by pila/]s1 ornam5t
 ! front ( ! balu/rade1 & f\r m fill !  
correspond+ spaces bel[1 sep>at$ by !   
consoles4 ,! arti/ took z ! motive ( 8  
decorative s*eme ! "o hundr$ & fiftie?  
psalm4 ,?is hymn ( praise furni%$ 8     
imag9ation ) a s]ies ( pictures         
illu/rat+ _m k9ds ( music4 ,! entire    
psalm is quot$ 9 ! ,lat9 v]sion on !    
gall]y1 ! inscriptions runn+ 9 n>r[ b&s 
across ! top & bottom & betwe5 ! two r[s
 ( panels4 ,^! are ! v]ses 9 ! famili>  
,engli% v]sion ( ,k+ ,james1 gr\p$ 9 !  
?ree sections into :i* !y are divid$3-- 
,praise ,god 9 8 sanctu>y3       praise 

him 9 ! firmam5t ( 8 p[]4     ,praise   
him = 8 mighty acts3       praise him   
accord+ to 8 excell5t greatness4        
,praise him ) ! s\nd ( ! trumpet3       
praise him ) ! psalt]y & h>p4           
,praise him ) ! timbrel           &     
dance3       praise him ) /r+$ in/rum5ts
 & organs4     ,praise him ^u ! l\d     
cymbals3       praise him ^u ! high     
s\nd+ cymbals4     ,let ev]y?+ t ha?    
brea?               praise ! ,"l4       
,illu/ration3 ,,boys ,,) ,,cymbals      
7,,luca ,,della ,,robbia7 ,! ,duomo1    
,flor5ce  ,! eight illu/rations ( !     
gall]y omit no?+ m5tion$ by ! psalmi/4  
,"h are ! trumpets1 ! h>p1 ! psalt]y1 & 
! timbrel4 ,"h is ! *oric dance1 foll[$ 
by play]s on organs & /r+$ in/rum5ts2   
aft] ^! come ! l\d cymbals or tamb\r9es1
 & f9ally ! high s\nd+ cymbals ( our    
illu/ration4  ,! play]s are a half doz5 
*ildr51 "s dress$ 9 tunics1 & o!rs we>+ 
sc>f-l g>m5ts :i* leave _! limbs free4  
,two are cr[n$ ) fl[]s 9 ! ,greek       
fa%ion1 & o!rs h a fillet or b& b\nd    

ab\t ! hair4 ,! lead] walks ) 8 head    
?r[n back1 8 m\? wide op51 s++ ) all 8  
might1 oblivi\s ( ev]y?+ b 8 music4 ,he 
holds ! cymbals high1 /rik+ !m toge!r 9 
! rhy?m ( 8 song4 ,8 companion is a     
jolly little fell[1 n at all conc]n$ 9 !
 music1 b laugh+ at some?+ :i* attracts 
8 att5tion 9 ! di/ance4  ,!re is ano!r  
rogue j beh9d ! lead]4 ,)\t los+ /ep he 
?r[s 8 weight =w>d on b5d+ knee1 putt+ 8
 e> to ! upp] cymbal4 ,he is evid5tly   
amus+ himself ) ! l+]+ vibrations ( !   
metal4 ,! fl[]-cr[n$ boy br++ up ! re>  
smiles at u *e]ily1 z he /eps along1    
cla%+ 8 cymbals ) "r good-w4 ,! *ildr5 9
 ! backgr\nd seem to take _! task m     
s]i\sly1 z if %>+ ! _s ( ! lead]4  ,x is
 cle> t our arti/ f\nd ! models = 8     
figures 9 ! /reets ( ,flor5ce4 ,^!      
r\nd-fac$ *ildr5 ) _! l>ge m\?s are n   
pretty en\gh = imag9>y types4 ,!y are   
p]fectly natural1 & t is :y we l !m4  ,!
 gr\p+ is skilfully plann$ to give unity
 to ! composition )\t any /iffness4 ,!re
 are no awkw>d gaps betwe5 ! figures1 b 

! l9es fl[ f "o to ano!r1 b9d+ !m       
toge!r4 ,! half kneel+ po/ure ( ! *ild 9
 ! middle makes diagonal l9es to unite !
 lead] ) ! boy 9 ! re>4 ,we notice 9 !  
draw+ ! same sweep ( l9e :i* we h admir$
 9 ,donatello's bronze reliefs ( angels4
 ,! ?ree figures 9 front are modell$ 9  
high relief1 & 9 beautiful curves2 !    
*ildr5 9 ! re> are 9 l[ relief4  ,! "w (
 ,luca della ,robbia 0 n conf9$ to      
m>ble4 ,soon aft] complet+ ! organ      
gall]y he made a bronze door = ! int]ior
 ( ! ca!dral4 ,he is be/ kn[n = 8 "w 9  
enamell$ t]ra-cotta1 ( :i* we %all he> m
 9 lat] *apt]s4  ,footnote #ai3 ,see    
,*apt] ,,iii4 9 ! volume on ,greek      
,sculpture 9 ! ,riv]side ,art ,s]ies4   
,footnote #bj3 ,psalm lxviii41 v]se #be1
 & #a ,*ronicles1 *apt] xiii41 v]se #h4 
,footnote #ba3 ,/4 ,mat!w1 *apt] xxvi41 
v]se #cj4  ,footnote #bb3 ,! pontificate
 ( ,gregory ,i4 0 f #eij to #fjd4       
,,vi  ,,tomb ,,( ,,il>ia ,,del ,,c>retto
 7,detail7  ,,by ,,jacopo ,,della       
,,qu]cia   ,a c]ta9 m>quis ( ,c>retto1  

liv+ 9 ,lucca at ! close ( ! f\rte5?    
c5tury1 _h a daught] nam$ ,il>ia4 ,il>ia
 0 l ,hel5 ( ,troy1 a daught] ( ! gods1 
div9ely tall & mo/ div9ely fair4#bc ,h] 
face 0 delicately cut 9 a patrician     
m\ld1 & %e c>ri$ h] head ) ! air ( a    
pr9cess4 ,! m>quis mu/ h be5 pr\d ( 8   
beautiful daught]1 & z %e grew into     
womanhood he look$ ab\t = a suitable    
mat* = h]4 ,!re 0 little romance ab\t   
m>riages 9 ^? days1 & :5 a ri* wid[]    
s\ght ,il>ia's h&1 %e 0 d\btless ?\ght  
by all a v =tunate maid54  ,h] husb&1   
,paolo ,gu9igi1 0 ! signor or "l ( !    
city ( ,lucca1 & ?\gh some:at despotic 9
 temp] 0 at lea/ )\t vices4 ,he 0       
besides ! ri*e/ man 9 ,italy4 ,9 8      
treasury1 says ! hi/orian1 diamonds &   
rubies1 em]alds & pe>ls1 7 c\nt$ by     
hundr$s4 ,! palace await+ ! bride 0     
magnific5tly furni%$4 ,!re 0 l95 f ,p>is
 & o!r ,fr5* cities1 exquisite 9 quality
 & 9 /ores s abundant z to delight !    
he>t ( a h\sewife4 ,! walls 7 hung )    
tape/ries ( _m colors wov5 9 ,arras4    

,priceless vessels ( gold & silv] adorn$
 ! table4 ,nor 7 signs ( le>n+ lack+4   
,!re 0 a libr>y1 well /ock$ ) ! works ( 
classical au?ors1 writt5 9 manuscript 9 
! mann] ( ! times4  ,s f> z surr\nd+s   
make = happ9ess ,il>ia may well h be5 a 
happy woman4 ,we l to fancy h] que5ly   
figure mov+ ?r\gh ! /ately ap>tm5ts ( ! 
palace or on ! gre5 t]races ( ! g>d54 ,b
 %e did n long enjoy ! spl5dors ( h]    
surr\nd+s1 = two ye>s aft] h] m>riage %e
 di$4 ,h] husb& !n ord]$ ( ! sculptor   
,jacopo della ,qu]cia a m>ble tomb to be
 plac$ 9 ! ca!dral4 ,on ! s>cophagus lay
 ! portrait figure ( ! lady h]self2 !   
sides 7 ri*ly c>v$ ) *]ubs hold+ fe/oons
 ( fl[]s1 & above 0 a canopy4  ,il>ia   
lies ) h&s cross$ j :]e !y w\ld         
naturally fall 9 h] sleep4#bd ,h] feet  
re/ aga9/ a little dog1 :i*1 accord+ to 
! old writ]1 ,vas>i1 0 an emblem (      
conjugal fidelity4 ,x is surely no h>m  
to fancy t ! little creature 0 ! lady's 
pet4 ,! g[n is girdl$ high1 & fall+ 9   
long1 /raight folds1 is wrapp$ ab\t !   

feet4 ,ov] ?is is worn a mantle made )  
l>ge1 loose sleeves1 & a high fl>+      
coll>1 :i* comes well up "u ! *94#be    
,illu/ration3 ,,detail ,,( ,,tomb ,,(   
,,il>ia ,,del ,,c>retto 7,,jacopo       
,,della ,,qu]cia7 ,ca!dral1 ,lucca  ,our
 illu/ration %[s only ! head & %\ld]s ( 
! figure4 ,! head re/s on a pill[ 9 a   
holl[ %ap$ to receive x1 & ! %\ld]s are 
support$ by a second & l>g] cu%ion      
und]nea?4 ,il>ia's wav+ hair is p>t$ ov]
 ! high br[1 & br\ght d[n on ea* side ! 
face1 completely conceal+ ! e>s4 ,a few 
%ort t5drils h escap$1 & curl da9tily   
ov] ! =ehead4 ,%e we>s a l>ge fl[]-w\nd 
wrea? or cr[n1 set aslant ov] ! %apely  
head4 ,x may be t ?is is a sort (       
head-dress worn 9 h] "t4 ,no "o c look  
at ! face )\t ?9k+ ( a fl[]1 & mo/ ( all
 ( ! lily4 ,! m\? is m\ld$ 9 exquisite  
curves2 ,il>ia 01 inde$1 a bewit*+      
woman4  ,_h ! fair m>*ioness liv$ to    
middle age h] =tunes w\ld h be5 sadly   
alt]$4 ,9 #adcj !re 0 a political       
upheaval 9 ,lucca1 & ,gu9igi 0 driv5 f !

 city4#bf ,8 palace 0 pillag$1 & ! mob  
ev5 laid desecrat+ h&s ^u ,il>ia's tomb4
 ,an attempt to remove x seems to h be5 
fru/rat$1 & x 0 dropp$ on ! floor ( !   
transept1 :]e x n[ /&s4 ,x lo/1 h[ev]1 !
 canopy & "o ornam5t$ side ( ! base4  ,z
 a "w ( art1 ,il>ia's tomb has be5      
greatly admir$ by critics4 ,ev5 9 our   
little picture we c1 ) no great tra9+1  
see h[ well ! sculptor has r5d]$ !      
texture ( ! hair & ! s(tness ( ! plump  
*94 ,ev5 ! tassels on ! cu%ion are c>v$ 
) clev] imitative skill4 ,we mu/ be     
c>eful to look at ! face j z ! sculptor 
int5d$ x to be se51 n upright1 b ly+    
horizontally4 ,x is only ?us t we get ! 
significance ( ! beautiful cont9u\s l9e 
across =ehead & nose4 ,! l9e ( !        
head-dress exactly foll[s t ( ! hair1 & 
is drawn at ! same angle z ! edge ( !   
coll>1 :i* x meets4 ,9 ! triangul> space
 ?us =m$ is fitt$ ! lovely pr(ile ( !   
face4 ,rusk9 has writt5 ) mu* en?usiasm 
( ! m]its ( ,il>ia's tomb4 ,f x1 he     
decl>$1 "o may receive un]r+ canon ( :at

 is ev]more lovely & "r 9 ! deal+ ( !   
art ( man ) 8 fate & 8 passions4 ,/ill m
 helpful is 8 int]pretation ( ! feel+   
:i* ! sculptor has convey$4 ,aft] fir/  
expla9+ t e "w ( ! great ,*ri/ian s*ools
 expresses prim>ily conque/ ov] dea?1 he
 %[s t ?is p>ticul> tomb has all ! peace
 ( ! ,*ri/ian et]nity4 ,we may see1 he  
says1 t ! damsel is n dead b sleepe?2   
yet z visibly a sleep t %all "k no end+ 
until ! la/ day break & ! la/ %ad[s flee
 away4#bg  ,footnote #bc3 ,t5nyson's ,a 
,dream ( ,fair ,wom54  ,footnote #bd3 ,n
 fold$ bel[ h] bosom1 nor laid on h]    
brea/1 z 9 two famili> descriptions4    
,footnote #be3 ,t ?is mantle 0 a        
prevail+ /yle ( ! p]iod among !         
ari/ocracy1 we judge f an old ,spani%   
pa9t+1 9 :i* ,k+ ,f]d9& ( ,aragon & 8   
que5 bo? we> x4 ,! picture is reproduc$ 
9 ,c>d]>a's ,iconografia ,espanola1 &   
copi$ 9 ,plan*e's ,cyclop$ia ( ,co/umes4
  ,footnote #bf3 ,! exact date is "h    
giv5 because ( ! vagu5ess ( "s writ]s :o
 ref] to ! ev5t z n _m ye>s & )9 tw5ty  

ye>s aft] ,il>ia's dea? 9 #adje4        
,footnote #bg3 ,quot$ by ,sydney ,colv9 
9 an article on ,jacopo della ,qu]cia1 9
 ! ,portfolio1 #ahhc4 ,see also ,mod]n  
,pa9t]s1 ,"p ,,iii4     ,,vii  ,,madonna
 ,,& ,,*ild 7,detail ( lunette7  ,,by   
,,luca ,,della ,,robbia   ,9 read+ !    
gospel n>rative ( ! life ( ,jesus we are
 glad to le>n some?+ ( 8 "m ,m>y4 ,h]   
life _h "s peculi> h>d%ips to te/ !     
/r5g? ( h] "*4 ,x 0 a /range lot = a "m 
to h to t5d h] babe 9 ! mang] ( an inn1 
b su* 0 ,m>y's exp]i5ce4 ,at ! "t (     
,jesus's bir? %e & ,joseph 7 9          
,be?lehem1 :i!r !y _h come to pay _!    
taxes4 ,!re 7 _m o!r p !re on ! same    
err&1 & ! inn 0 s cr[d$ t ! "y "m _h to 
f9d qu>t]s 9 ! /able4  ,:ile ! *ild 0   
/ill v "y a t]rible dang] ?reat5$ 8     
life4 ,an ord] w5t =? f ,k+ ,h]od to    
slay all ! "y *ildr5 ( ,be?lehem4 ,/ill 
! "m's c\rage did n fail4 ,%e arose by  
night1 &1 tak+ h] babe1 fl$ ) h] husb&  
into ,egypt4 ,return+ at l5g? to _! home
 9 ,naz>e?1 %e wat*$ h] boy's gr[?1 &   

kept all 8 say+s 9 h] he>t4  ,:5 ,jesus 
ent]$ ^u 8 m9i/ry ,m>y 0 ! fir/ to %[   
p]fect confid5ce 9 h] son4#bh ,%e seems 
to h foll[$ him :5ev] %e c\ld4#bi ,h]   
c\rage su/a9$ h] ev5 9 ! h\r ( 8 agony1 
& we read h[ %e /ood ) 8 disciples at ! 
foot ( ! cross4#cj  ,x is ?is woman (   
quiet =titude :om we see 9 ,luca della  
,robbia's bas-relief ( ! ,madonna &     
,*ild4 ,we are impress$ at once ) a s5se
 ( h] /r5g? & poise ( "*4 ,x is         
precisely su* z fits ! /ory ( h] life4  
,/eady+ h] little boy ) bo? h&s1 %e     
turns h] face 9 ! direction 9 :i* he is 
look+4 ,! ,*ild seems to /& on a sort ( 
balu/rade 9 front ( 8 "m4 ,) feet wide  
ap>t he holds himself erect 9 a firm    
po/ure4 ,8 "r h& is rais$ 9 a ge/ure (  
b5$iction4 ,) 8 left he grasps firmly a 
long scroll be>+ ! ,lat9 inscription1   
,ego sum ,lux ,mundi 7,i am ! ,light ( !
 ,_w74  ,bo? "m & *ild seem to belong to
 ! happy1 e-day work+ _w4 ,m>y has !    
/raight figure1 full ?roat1 & squ>e     
%\ld]s ( a ,tuscan peasant girl4 ,h]    

only ari/ocratic feature is ! %apely h&4
 ,%e holds h] *9 level1 l a c\ntry maid5
 us$ to c>ry+ burd5s on ! head4 ,x may  
be t ! arti/ _h se5 h] l 9 "s           
m>ket-place 9 ,flor5ce4 ,! boy too has !
 squ>e %\ld]s & /urdy frame ( a *ild ( !
 p4  ,illu/ration3 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild 
7,,luca ,,della ,,robbia7 ,%op 9 ! ,via 
dell' ,agnolo1 ,flor5ce  ,"s arti/s h   
tri$ to give a sup]natural & e!real     
beauty to ! "m & *ild4 ,o!rs h repres5t$
 !m en?ron$ 9 spl5dor l a que5 & pr9ce  
receiv+ _! c\rt4 ,luca della ,robbia w5t
 to no su* extremes4 ,!re is no?+ morbid
 or s5tim5tal 9 8 art3 nor does he c>e =
 any worldly pomp & c]emonial4 ,8       
religi\s ideals 7 v simple1 suit$ to !  
ne$s ( common life4 ,! ,*ri/ *ild "h is 
a de> little human baby1 & ! ,madonna is
 ! poet's ideal ( a creature n too      
bright or good = human nature's daily   
food4#ca  ,! bas-relief is "o ( ! fam\s 
works 9 enamell$ t]ra-cotta1 kn[n z     
,della ,robbia w>e4 ,! idea ( ov]lay+   
clay ) a glaz+ 0 n orig9al ) ,luca della

 ,robbia1 b he seems to h be5 ! fir/ to 
apply x to sculpture4 ,9 8 own day he 0 
look$ ^u z a great inv5tor1 & 8 works 7 
v popul>4 ,! mat]ial 0 inexp5sive1 & l5t
 itself readily to all sorts (          
decorative purposes4 ,its beauty1       
moreov]1 0 ( a la/+ quality4 ,:ile      
pa9t+s fade1 ! ,della ,robbia w>e1 gem  
l1 %all z v gems endure4#cb ,! only     
injury to :i* x is liable is ! break+ (f
 ( "s project+ portions4 ,9 our picture 
we see t a fragm5t is brok5 out ( !     
*ild's wri/4 ,=tunately1 h[ev]1 !re are 
no defects 9 ! important p>ts ( ! "w4   
,! figures are 9 ! c5tre ( a lunette or 
semi-circul> composition1 ) an ador+    
angel on ea* side hold+ a j> ( lilies4  
,! piece is set up ov] a doorway on !   
outside ( a build+ 9 a n>r[ /reet 9     
,flor5ce4 ,! location expla9s ! attitude
 ( ! "m & *ild4 ,if !y look$ directly   
out ( ! picture z 9 an alt>-piece1 !re  
w\ld be b "o place1 on ! opposite side (
 ! /reet1 :]e ! pass]-by c\ld meet _!   
eyes4 ,z x is1 !y turn _! faces t[>d !  

vi/a ( ! /reet z if to welcome !        
approa*+ wayf>]4 ,:ile /ill a long way  
(f "o feels ! *e]ful influ5ce ( _! gaze4
 ,ev5 :5 com+ f ! opposite direction x  
is pleasant1 aft] pass+ ! door1 to "k t 
! fri5dly eyes foll[ u on our way4  ,!  
workman%ip ( ,luca is se5 9 ! arti/ic   
qualities ( ! sculpture4 ,!re 0 a sev]e 
simplicity 9 8 draw+ ( ! outl9e &       
drap]ies :i* contra/$ ) ! m elaborate "w
 ( 8 foll[]s4 ,luca 0 also a close /ud5t
 ( nature1 & drew 8 mat]ials f ! _w ab\t
 him4  ,footnote #bh3 ,at ! ,m>riage (  
,cana1 ,/4 ,john1 *apt] ii41 v]ses #c-e4
  ,footnote #bi3 ,/4 ,john ii41 v]se    
#ab1 & ,/4 ,mat!w1 *apt] xii41 v]se #df4
  ,footnote #cj3 ,/4 ,john1 *apt] xix41 
v]se #be4  ,footnote #ca3 ,wordswor?'s  
,%e 0 a ,phantom ( ,delight4  ,footnote 
#cb3 ,f "s v]ses by ,edi? ,m4 ,?omas1 ,a
 ,della ,robbia ,g>l&1 pr9t$ 9 ,!       
,critic1 ,decemb]1 #aija4     ,,viii    
,,! ,,meet+ ,,( ,,/4 ,,francis ,,& ,,/4 
,,dom9ick  ,,by ,,&rea ,,della ,,robbia 
,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury two m5   

liv+ 9 diff]5t c\ntries ( ,europe 7     
/ruck simultane\sly ) ! same idea4 ,!y 7
 ,/4 ,dom9ick1 ! ,spani>d1 & ,/4        
,francis1 ! ,italian1 & ea* det]m9$ to  
f\nd a new religi\s ord]4#cc ,hi!rto !  
memb]s ( religi\s ord]s _h %ut !mselves 
up 9 ! solitude ( mona/]ies & conv5ts4  
,9 ! new plan !y 7 to m+le freely ) ! p1
 call+ !mselves bro!rs1 or fri>s4  ,!   
fir/ object ( ! ,dom9icans 0 to be      
prea*]s1 & !y 7 call$ ,frati            
,pr$icatori4 ,! ,franciscans took !     
humbl] "n ( ! ,frati ,m9ori1 or less]   
bro!rs4 ,! memb]s ( bo? ord]s 7 b\nd by 
a v[ ( pov]ty to possess no?+ ( _! own4 
,l ! disciples :om ,jesus s5t out1 !y 7 
to c>ry nei!r purse nor scrip1 b beg _! 
food & raim5t on _! way4 ,x is = ?is t  
!y are call$ m5dicant ord]s4  ,! affairs
 ( _! ord]s br\ght bo? ,/4 ,dom9ick &   
,/4 ,francis to ,rome at ! same "t4 ,!  
two m5 met & embrac$1 ea* see+ 9 ! o!r a
 k9dr$ _s4 ,x 0 propos$ to unite ! two  
bodies 9 "o1 & ,/4 ,dom9ick favor$ ?is  
plan4 ,he _h won b a few foll[]s1 & ,/4 

,francis already _h _m4 ,! ,bro!r ,m9or 
h[ev] 0 sure t su* union w\ld be        
impossible4 ,! two m5 7 inde$ ( widely  
contra/+ *>act]s4 ,/4 ,dom9ick 0 a      
s*ol>1 a man ( fi]y & en]getic          
temp]am5t4 ,/4 ,francis 0 unlett]$1 b 8 
m9d 0 poetic & imag9ative1 8 nature     
g5tle & humble4 ,/4 ,dom9ick 0 kn[n z ! 
,hamm] ( ! ,h]etics1 ,/4 ,francis z !   
,fa!r ( ! ,poor4  ,a bas-relief by ,&rea
 della ,robbia repres5ts ! meet+ ( ,/4  
,dom9ick ) ,/4 ,francis4#cd ,x is       
app>5tly ! arti/'s int5tion to emphasize
 ! k9%ip r ?an ! contra/ betwe5 ! two   
m54 ,bo? h ! ?9 faces & %>p features ( !
 ascetic4 ,_! %av5 faces & tonsur$ heads
 height5 ! resemblance betwe5 !m4 ,bo? h
 ! same type ( h&1 ) ! long f+]s :i* are
 *>act]i/ic ( a s5sitive nature4#ce ,a  
disc ov] ! head ( ea* symbolizes 8      
sa9tl9ess4  ,illu/ration3 ,,meet+ ,,(   
,,/4 ,,francis ,,& ,,/4 ,,dom9ick       
7,,&rea ,,della ,,robbia7 ,loggia ( ,san
 ,paolo1 ,flor5ce  ,naturally ! *>act]s 
( ! f\nd]s 7 impress$ ^u _! respective  

ord]s4 ,! ,dom9icans 7 m aggressive 9 _!
 me?ods & zeal\s 9 p]secut+ all =ms (   
h]esy4 ,! ,franciscans1 on ! o!r h&1    
/rove = ! high] life ( sanctity4 ,!     
memb]s ( ea* ord] wore a di/9ctive      
dress1 su* z we see 9 our picture4 ,!   
,franciscan habit 0 at fir/ gray1 &     
aft]w>ds d>k br[n2 x is gray 9 !        
bas-relief4 ,x consi/$ ( a pla9 tunic ) 
long loose sleeves & a scanty cape to   
:i* a hood 0 atta*$4 ,a knott$ cord     
fa/5$ ! g>m5t ar\nd ! wai/1 to rem9d !  
we>] t ! body is a bea/ :i* %\ld be     
subdu$ by a halt]4 ,! ,dom9ican habit 0 
a :ite wooll5 g[n fa/5$ ab\t ! wai/ ) a 
girdle4 ,a :ite scapul> 0 worn ov] ?is1 
& ov] all1 a black cloak ) a hood4  ,we 
see at once 9 our picture t ,/4 ,dom9ick
 is ! eld] ( ! two m54 ,!re 0 really a  
diff]5ce ( tw5ty ye>s 9 _! ages1 b !    
arti/ has made x less4 ,x is z if ea*1  
^u see+ ! o!r approa*1 _h ha/5$ =w>d )  
out/ret*$ h&s4 ,!y /& n[ face to face ) 
int]lock$ arms 9 mutual contemplation4  
,x is a mom5t ( p]fect und]/&+4 ,)      

widely diff]5t ideas ( ways & means1 !y 
h at he>t a s+le common aim4 ,bo? are   
call$ to ! same great "w1 & ea* feels   
/r5g!n$ by ! contact4  ,! pr(ile ( ,/4  
,francis %[s ! s5sitive l9es ( 8 face4  
,tradition tells u t he 0 a man ( m ?an 
av]age height1 ) black eyes1 & s(t      
sonor\s voice4 ,8 expression "h is s]5e1
 z "o w\ld expect ( ! g5tle fri> :o     
call$ all ! bea/s 8 bre?r51 & talk$ ) ! 
birds z famili> companions4 ,/4 ,dom9ick
 has a m /r5u\s c\nt5ance1 & is p]haps m
 deeply mov$ ?an ! o!r4 ,he leans =w>d &
 pe]s into ,/4 ,francis's face ) an     
expression ( great t5d]ness4 ,"o is     
rem9d$ ( a beautiful v]se 9 "o ( !      
,hebrew psalms 7! eighty-fif?71 ,m]cy & 
tru? are met toge!r2 righte\sness &     
peace h kiss$ ea* o!r4  ,! arti/ic      
qualities ( ?is relief place x among !  
be/ works by ,&rea della ,robbia4 ,only 
a skilful arti/ c\ld h r5d]$ ! drap]ies 
) su* grace & simplicity4 ,!y h be5     
comp>$ ) ! drap]ies ( ! pa9t]s ,raphael 
& ,b>tolommeo4 ,x is said t ! faces 7   

left unglaz$ 9 ord] t all ! l9es ( !    
modell+ might be pres]v$4  ,footnote    
#cc3 ,! lives ( bo? sa9ts are relat$ 9  
,! ,gold5 ,leg5d4 ,9 ,caxton's          
translation 7,temple ,classics7 see     
volume iv41 p4 #agb1 = ,/4 ,dom9ick1 &  
volume v41 p4 #bae1 = ,/4 ,francis4     
,mrs4 ,jameson's ,leg5ds ( ! ,mona/ic   
,ord]s conta9s an admirable acc\nt ( !  
"* & "w ( ! two m54 ,! ,little ,fl[]s ( 
,/4 ,francis is a s]ies ( leg5ds        
collect$ ab\t two hundr$ ye>s aft] 8    
dea?4 ,!re is an ,engli% translation by 
,abby ,langdon ,alg]4 ,sabati]'s ,life (
 ,/4 ,francis is an exhau/ive biography4
  ,footnote #cd3 ,a tradition t ,/4     
,francis & ,/4 ,dom9ick met 9 ,flor5ce1 
on ! site ( ! pres5t ,loggia ( ,s4      
,paolo1 acc\nts = ! plac+ ( ?is         
bas-relief !re4 ,see ! ,misses ,horn]'s 
,walks 9 ,flor5ce1 vol4 i41 p4 #ddh4    
,footnote #ce3 ,! read] :o is famili> ) 
! typical figure ( ,/4 ,francis 9 sacr$ 
art may miss ! sign ( ! w\nd pr9t 7!    
/igmata7 9 8 h&4 ,"h ,&rea is           

hi/orically accurate1 z ! vision ( ,/4  
,francis occurr$ f\r ye>s aft] !        
confirmation ( ! ,ord]4     ,,ix  ,,/4  
,,george  ,,by ,,donatello   ,9 ! ?ird  
c5tury ( ! pres5t era liv$ ! ,*ri/ian   
knight ,george ( ,cappadocia4 ,go+ =?   
aft] ! usual knightly fa%ion 9 se>* (   
adv5tures1 he came to ! prov9ce (       
,libya4 ,! c\ntry 0 at t "t ravag$ by a 
dragon ^: lair 0 a great pond ne> !     
royal city ( ,sil5e4 ,:5 ! mon/] came =?
 ! air 0 fill$ ) ! poison\s vapor ( 8   
brea?4 ,to insure ! safety ( ! city two 
%eep 7 daily giv5 to fe$ him4  ,at l5g? 
! supply fail$1 & n[ ! p _h to give _!  
own *ildr54 ,! victims 7 *os5 by lot1 & 
aft] _m _h p]i%$ ! lot fell ^u !        
beautiful pr9cess ,cleodol9da4 ,! k+    
bes\ght ! p to sp>e 8 daught]1 (f]+ gold
 & silv] = h] ransom4 ,!y w\ld h none ( 
x1 b decl>$ t ! pr9cess mu/ meet h]     
fate4 ,array$ z = h] bridal1 %e 0 l$ out
 to ! place :]e ! dragon 0 wont to come 
= 8 prey4  ,:ile %e /ood "h weep+1 ,/4  
,george *anc$ to ride by & inquir$ !    

cause ( h] di/ress4 ,he>+ h] pitiable   
/ory he assur$ h] %e _h no?+ to fe>4 ,j 
!n ! dragon came 9 sight1 & ! knight1   
*>g+ full ^u him1 w\nd$ him ) 8 sword4  
,!n tak+ ! girdle ( !pr9cess1 he ti$ x  
ab\t ! neck ( ! bea/ & l$ him into !    
city4 ,! p all came out to see ! wond]1 
& 9 ! pres5ce ( a great company ,/4     
,george smote (f ! dragon's head4  ,!   
fur!r adv5tures ( ! knight 7 9 behalf ( 
! ,*ri/ians1 :o 7 p]secut$ by ! ,emp]or 
,diocletian4 ,sell+ all t he _h1 he gave
 x to ! poor & boldly d5\nc$ ! pagans4  
,all sorts ( tortures 7 devis$ to =ce   
him to r5\nce 8 fai?1 b 9 e p]secution  
he 0 miracul\sly pres]v$ f h>m4 ,at l5g?
 ! provo/ caus$ him to be behead$1 &    
(f]+ 8 la/ pray]s ,/4 ,george w5t to 8  
dea?4  ,9 our /atue ,/4 ,george is      
repres5t$ z a w>rior /&+ at re/ :ile he 
surveys ! enemy4 ,8 "y figure is z      
/raight z an arr[4 ,! li!ness ( 8 body  
is app>5t ev5 ?r\gh 8 armor4 ,he holds 8
 head erect 9 consci\s p[]1 yet ) no    
arrogance4 ,evid5tly he measures !      

difficulty c>efully1 = he seems to knit 
8 br[s z he looks abroad4 ,he has a     
g5tle face1 b x is ?or\ghly mascul9e4   
,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,george             
7,,donatello7 ,national ,museum1        
,flor5ce  ,! h&s are beautiful1 & full (
 "*1 l>ge & flexible4 ,! left "o re/s on
 a %ield :i* be>s ! sign ( ! cross4 ,!  
armor1 we see1 has a m ?an lit]al       
significance4 ,?is is ! %ield ( fai?    
:]e) ! ,*ri/ian %all be able to qu5* all
 ! fi]y d>ts ( ! wick$4 ,/4 ,george is !
 imp]sonation ( ! soldi] :o w>s n aga9/ 
fle% & blood1 b aga9/ pr9cipalities1    
aga9/ p[]s1 aga9/ ! rul]s ( ! d>kness ( 
?is _w1 aga9/ spiritual wick$ness 9 high
 places4#cf  ,! figure naturally sugge/s
 comp>ison ) antique sculpture4 ,we are 
rem9d$ ( ,apollo or ,h]mes z ! ,greeks  
lov$ to repres5t !m4#cg ,! beautiful    
head ) its curl+ hair is inde$ t ( a    
god4 ,9 ! graceful attitude also1 !     
sculptor1 ,donatello1 has p]fectly      
express$ ! s5se ( repose :i* 0          
*>act]i/ic ( ,greek sculpture4 ,we note1

 h[ev]1 t :ile a ,greek /atue w\ld h be5
 nude ,/4 ,george is clad 9 armor4 ,!   
expression ( ! c\nt5ance is1 moreov]1 q 
=eign to ! ,greek temp]4 ,^? knitt$ br[s
 %[ a /r5u\sness ( "* incompatible ) !  
s]5ity ( ! gods4  ,! /atue ( ,/4        
,george1 l t ( ,/4 ,philip1 0 orig9ally 
made to fill "o ( ! ni*es on ! outside (
 ,or ,san ,mi*ele4 ,bel[ x 0 a          
bas-relief repres5t+ ! slay+ ( ! dragon4
 ,! "w 0 ! gift ( ! ,guild ( ,sword     
,mak]s & ,armor]s1 ^: patron sa9t 0 !   
,knight ( ,cappadocia4 ,9 an expos$     
position on ! *ur* ! preci\s m>ble 0    
injur$ by ! wea!r4 ,accord+ly x 0 remov$
 to a museum1 & a bronze copy 0 set up 9
 its place4  ,! popul>ity ( ,/4 ,george 
is by no means conf9$ to ,italy4 ,9     
,engl& too 8 memory is held 9 great     
respect4 ,= ,engl& & ,/4 ,george 0 an   
old battle-cry :i* l9k$ ! "n ( ! patron 
sa9t ) t ( ! native l&4 ,8 "* is our    
ideal ( ! ,*ri/ian h]o1 *ivalr\s t[>ds !
 weak1 c\rage\s 9 dang]1 & devot$ above 
all ?+s to ! s]vice ( ,god4             

,donatello's /atue embodies ?is ideal1 &
 is 8 highe/ imag9ative "w4 ,be+ *iefly 
int]e/$ 9 ! /udy ( expression1 he (t5   
seem$ to c>e v little :e!r 8 subjects 7 
beautiful or n4 ,"h beauty &            
expressiv5ess are unit$4  ,!re is an old
 tradition t ,mi*elangelo1 pass+ "o day 
! *ur* ( ,or ,san ,mi*ele1 paus$ be=e ! 
,/4 ,george & exclaim$ ,camm9a6 t is1   
,=w>d1 m>*6 ,! /ory is d\btless purely  
fictiti\s1 b x %[s h[ lifelike ! /atue  
appe>s4 ,z an old writ] 7,vas>i7 put x1 
,life seems to move )9 t /one4          
,footnote #cf3 ,ephesians1 *apt] vi41   
v]ses #af & #ab4  ,footnote #cg3 ,see   
*apt]s ,,vi4 & ,,xi4 9 ! volume on      
,greek ,sculpture1 9 ! ,riv]side ,art   
,s]ies4     ,x  ,,bamb9o  ,,by ,,&rea   
,,della ,,robbia   ,! visitor 9 ,flor5ce
 ?read+ 8 way ?r\gh ! n>r[ /reets comes 
out ) delight into ! spaci\s squ>es     
scatt]$ ov] ! city4 ,"o su* is ! ,piazza
 ( ,,ss4 ,annunziata1 9 front ( ! *ur* (
 t "n4 ,two sides ( ! squ>e are ornam5t$
 ) arcad$ build+s 9 ! /yle *>act]i/ic ( 

,italian ar*itecture4 ,t at ! left      
attracts u at once by its unique        
decorations4 ,9 ! sp&rils1 or triangul> 
spaces betwe5 ! ar*es1 are m$allion     
bas-reliefs ( glaz$ t]ra cotta %[+ :ite 
figures reliev$ aga9/ a backgr\nd (     
bright blue4 ,x is "o ( ^! :i* is       
reproduc$ 9 our illu/ration4 ,se5 aga9/ 
! sombre wall !y are l fragm5ts ( !     
milky sky itself fall5 into ! cool      
/reet1 z a poetic critic has describ$   
!m4#ch  ,f ea* m$allion a baby looks d[n
 ^u u1 /ret*+ out bo? little arms z if  
appeal+ to our pity4 ,! delicate beauty 
( ^! little ones is s l t ( ! fl[]s t a 
travell] asks1 ,really1 are !y lilies1  
or *ildr51 or ! embodi$ /rophes ( a     
psalt]8#ci ,:5 we inquire :at x all     
means we le>n t ?is arcade is ! entrance
 to a ,f\ndl+ ,hospital4 ,pass+ ?r\gh ! 
c5tral door we are 9 a cortile or       
c\rty>d1 ar\nd :i* are m baby figures4  
,! design is a sort ( key to ! "* ( !   
in/itution3 ! babies repres5t ! little  
waifs receiv$ into its c>e4 ,we may     

fancy t ! orphan inmates are peep+ out (
 ! m$allions z f w9d[s4  ,! ,hospital ( 
! ,innoc5ts 7,sp$ale degli ,innoc5ti1 9 
,italian7 is "o ( ! olde/ e/abli%m5ts ( 
its k9d4 ,x 0 f\nd$ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 
& /ill c>ries on its good "w4 ,sev]al   
?\s& *ildr5 are annually support$ by its
 res\rces4#dj ,to multiply ! figures by 
f\r hundr$ & fifty makes a magnific5t   
%[+ = ! total numb] ( b5efici>ies 9 f\r 
& a half c5turies4 ,x 0 probably on !   
occasion ( "s improvem5ts 9 ! orig9al   
build+ 7#adfc7 t ,&rea della ,robbia    
furni%$ ! fam\s m$allions ( ! bamb9i1 or
 baby boys4  ,among s _m babies we yet  
f9d no two alike4 ,ea* visitor *ooses = 
himself "s special favorite4 ,! m$allion
 ( our illu/ration is "o ( ! mo/        
attractive ( ! numb]4 ,un=tunately !    
f+]s ( ! "r h& are brok5 (f1 b o!rwise !
 figure is q p]fect4  ,illu/ration3     
,,bamb9o 7,,&rea ,,della ,,robbia7      
,f\ndl+ ,hospital1 ,flor5ce  ,! *ild is 
a heal?y-look+ little fell[1 & ! creases
 9 neck & wri/s %[ h[ plump he is4 ,yet 

!re is a pa!tic expression on ! face :i*
 t\*es ! he>t4 ,x is z if orphanage _h  
laid its sorr[ful impress ^u him4 ,a    
lonely look has crept into ! eyes1 & !  
m\? droops 9 a sad little curve4 ,! boy 
is c]ta9ly no common *ild4 ,8 f9ely =m$ 
head promises a sup]ior "*4 ,we are     
rem9d$ ( ! ,*ri/ *ild1 z _m ( ! old     
ma/]s h repres5t$ him4 ,! body & legs   
are completely encas$ 9 swaddl+ b&s1 f  
:i* ! head & arms em]ge1 l a blossom f  
its calyx4  ,! cu/om ( swa?+ babies )   
b&ages is v anci5t4 ,we read 9 ! gospel 
( ,/4 ,luke h[ ! "m ( ,jesus wrapp$ h]  
son 9 swaddl+ clo!s z %e laid him 9 !   
mang]4 ,! object 0 to prev5t e possible 
injury or de=mity to ! gr[+ limbs1 &    
keep !m /raight4 ,a *ild 9 swaddl+ clo!s
 is naturally mu* m easily c>ri$ by !   
"m1 & c m safely be left alone4 ,?is is 
d\btless ! reason :y ! cu/om /ill       
prevails 9 _m c\ntries1 & especially    
among ! poor] p4 ,!re are /ill _m       
nations :i* ! progressive ideas (       
physical culture h n rea*$4  ,! me?od ( 

swaddl+ z n[ practis$ 9 ,italy beg9s by 
fold+ ! babe 9 a l>ge squ>e l95 clo?4 ,a
 second piece ( l95 is roll$ ar\nd !    
body1 :i* is !n ready = ! b&age4 ,?is   
b&age is ab\t t5 in*es wide & ov] ?ree  
y>ds long1 & is roll$ ab\t ! entire l5g?
 ( ! *ild's figure1 p9n+ ! arms to !    
sides4 ,! l[] "p ( ! l95 clo? is turn$  
up ov] ! feet & ti$ ) ! ends ( !        
b&age4#da  ,judg+ f our picture1 !      
process seems to h be5 ab\t ! same 9 !  
fifte5? c5tury1 except t ! arms ( our   
bamb9o are free4 ,c]ta9ly ?is fact makes
 ! figure mu* m attractive z well z m   
decorative4 ,! clo? ab\t ! *ild's body  
is br[n & ! b&age :ite4  ,! sculptor ( !
 bamb9i1 ,&rea della ,robbia1 0 ! nephew
 ( ,luca della ,robbia1 ( :om we h le>n$
 some?+ 9 previ\s *apt]s4 ,he 0 tra9$ 9 
! work%op ( 8 uncle1 & 9 turn pass$ on 8
 art to 8 ?ree sons4 ,:ile ,luca's "w is
 consid]$ sup]ior to t ( any ( 8 pupils1
 ! nephew ,&rea _h "s f9e arti/ic       
qualities4 ,! decorations ( ! ,f\ndl+   
,hospital illu/rate bo? ! delicacy & !  

f]tility ( 8 imag9ation4 ,only a g5u9e  
arti/ c\ld inv5t s _m v>iations ^u !    
simple !me ( a s+le baby figure4 ,!     
entire s]ies is l a musical composition 
bas$ ^u "s simple b exquisite melody4   
,footnote #ch3 ,walt] ,pat]4  ,footnote 
#ci3 ,maurice ,hewlett 9 ,e>?work out ( 
,tuscany4  ,footnote #dj3 ,betwe5 #gjjj 
& #hjjj1 accord+ to ! ,misses ,horn]'s  
,walks 9 ,flor5ce1 publi%$ 9 #ahhe4     
,footnote #da3 ,describ$ 9 a little book
 call$ ,italian ,*ild-,life1 by ,m>ietta
 ,ambrosi4     ,,xi  ,,! ,,annunciation 
,,by ,,&rea ,,della ,,robbia   ,! life (
 ,m>y ! "m ( ,jesus 0 full ( /range     
exp]i5ces4 ,%e _h _m sorr[s to be>1 b   
)al a joy beyond any ev] giv5 to woman4 
,9 ! purity ( h] "* %e 0 set ap>t = a   
high & holy s]vice4  ,! turn+-po9t 9 h] 
life 0 on a great day :5 ! angel        
,gabriel 0 s5t by ,god to visit h]4 ,x 0
 9 h] quiet home 9 ,naz>e? t ! cele/ial 
mess5g] came 9 unto h]4 ,hail1 ?\ t art 
highly fav\r$1 he said1 ! ,"l is ) !e3  
bless$ art ?\ among wom54 ,& :5 %e saw  

him1 %e 0 tr\bl$ at 8 say+1 & ca/ 9 h]  
m9d :at mann] ( salutation ?is %\ld be4 
,! angel spoke aga91 & 8 words reassur$ 
h]3 ,fe> n1 ,m>y3 = ?\ ha/ f\nd fav\r ) 
,god4 ,!n he told h] t %e 0 to be ! "m (
 a wond]ful son4 ,?\ %alt call 8 "n     
,jesus1 he said4 ,he %all be great1 &   
%all be call$ ! ,son ( ! ,highe/3 & !   
,"l ,god %all give unto him ! ?rone ( 8 
fa!r ,david3 & he %all reign ov] ! h\se 
( ,jacob = ev]2 & ( 8 k+dom !re %all be 
no end4#db  ,:5 at la/ ,m>y und]/ood !  
mean+ ( ! angel's message %e humbly     
accept$ h] great de/9y4 ,behold ! h&maid
 ( ! ,"l1 %e repli$2 be x unto me       
accord+ to ?y ^w4 ,f ?is day until !    
bir? ( ,jesus h] ?\ghts 7 full ( h] com+
 mo!rhood4 ,once %e broke =? into a song
 ( praise3--   ,my s\l do? magnify !    
,"l1 ,& my _s ha? rejoic$ 9 ,god my     
,savi\r1 ,= he ha? reg>d$ ! l[l9ess ( 8 
h&maid51 ,=1 behold1 f h5ce=? all       
g5]ations %all call me bless$4 ,= he t  
is mighty ha? magnifi$ me1 & holy is 8  
"n4#dc   ,! bas-relief by ,&rea della   

,robbia tells ! /ory ( ! angel's visit  
to ,m>y1 ! subject usually call$ !      
,annunciation4 ,at "o side sits ! ,virg9
 ) an op5 book on h] lap1 z if %e _h be5
 read+4 ,%e has a girl's sl5d] figure1 &
 h] head is mode/ly drap$ ) a mantle4 ,!
 angel kneels opposite1 ) fold$ h&s4 ,he
 has long po9t$ w+s cov]$ ) fea!rs z a  
bird ( ,god1 9 ,dante's phrase4  ,f     
above a fa!rly face looks d[n ^u !m out 
( a surr\nd+ circle ( w+$ *]ub heads4   
,beside ! ,virg9 /&s a j> ( lilies1 !   
fl[]s :i* symbolize ! purity ( h]       
maid5hood4 ,ov] ^! so>s a :ite dove1 !  
same symbol ( ! ,div9e ,_s :i* desc5d$  
^u ,jesus at 8 baptism4#dd              
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,annunciation 7,,&rea
 ,,della ,,robbia7 ,alt> ,piece at ,la  
,v]na  ,already ! angel has deliv]$ 8   
message1 & n[ awaits ! answ]4 ,8 face is
 r\nd & innoc5t l a *ild's1 & 8 long    
hair is c>efully curl$4 ,! ,virg9 has   
li/5$ ) droop+ head1 & ) h] h& press$ to
 h] brea/ z if to /ill ! beat+ ( h]     
he>t4 ,%e seems too timid to lift h]    

eyes to meet h] radiant gue/4 ,yet h]   
:ole attitude expresses submission to ! 
div9e w4  ,! arti/ has express$ ) r>e   
delicacy ( imag9ation ! religi\s s5tim5t
 ( ! incid5t4 ,! int]pretation is 9 a   
simil> ve9 to t ( ! poet pa9t] ,rossetti
 9 ! l9es on ! ,annunciation 9 ! poem   
,ave3--  ,!n sudd5ly ! awe grew deep ,z 
( a day to :i* all days ,7 foot/eps 9   
,god's secret ways2 ,until a fold+ s5se1
 l pray]1 ,:i* is1 z ,god is1 ev]y:]e1  
,ga!r$ ab\t !e2 & a voice ,spake to !e  
)\t any noise1 ,be+ ( !                 
sil5ce3--',hail1' x said1 ',?\ t art    
highly fav\r$2 ,! ,"l is ) !e1 "h & n[2 
,bless$ among all wom5 ?\4'  ,rossetti1 
x w be rememb]$1 belong$ to t circle (  
,engli% arti/s :o "s fifty ye>s ago     
attempt$ to revive ! simple rev]5ce ( ! 
,italian art previ\s to ,raphael4 ,?us !
 ,pre-,raphaelite poet & ! sculptor1    
?\gh sep>at$ by s _m c5turies1 _h !     
common aim ( express+ ! s5se ( pray] :i*
 ga!r$ ab\t ! ,virg9 9 ?is mom5t4       
,rossetti also treat$ ! ,annunciation 9 

a picture :i* has int]e/+ po9ts (       
comp>ison ) our illu/ration4  ,! relief 
is made 9 ! ,della ,robbia enamell$ t]ra
 cotta w>e4 ,! sculptor has "h foll[$ 8 
uncle's example 9 ! simplicity ( !      
drap]ies4 ,! modell+ ( ! h&s also       
recalls ! t\* ( ,luca4 ,9 *oice ( types1
 h[ev]1 ,&rea %[s 8 individual ta/e4 ,! 
fragile figure ( ! ,virg9 is z diff]5t z
 possible f ! robu/ beauty ( ,luca's    
,madonna :i* we h /udi$4 ,! angel too is
 ( a s(t] & less vigor\s "* ?an ! old]  
arti/ w\ld h design$4  ,! relief is     
surr\nd$ by an elaborate frame ( ! same 
mat]ial4 ,at ! sides decorat$ pill>s )  
,ionic capitals support an entablature1 
e section ( :i* has its own di/9ctive   
design4 ,! patt]ns ornam5t+ frieze &    
pill>s seem to be v>iations on ! lotus  
motive1 & are v graceful4 ,on ! dado1 or
 piece runn+ across ! bottom ( ! frame1 
is pr9t$ ! ,lat9 inscription3 ,ecce     
,ancilla ,dom9i4 ,fiat ,mihi secundum   
v]bum tuum 7,behold ! h&maid ( ! ,"l2 be
 x done unto me accord+ to ?y ^w74 ,x is

 int]e/+ to notice t at ?is p]iod !     
lett]s n & m 7 writt5 above ! l9e or    
unit$ ) ! v[els :i* !y foll[$4          
,footnote #db3 ,/4 ,luke1 *apt] i41     
v]ses #cj-cc4  ,footnote #dc3 ,f !      
,magnificat 9 ! ,pray] ,book v]sion4    
,footnote #dd3 ,/4 ,mat!w1 *apt] iii41  
v]se #af4     ,,xii  ,,! ,,asc5sion     
,,by ,,luca ,,della ,,robbia   ,= =ty   
days aft] ! resurrection ( ,jesus !     
disciples enjoy$ ! companion%ip ( _!    
,ma/]4 ,!y 7 n[ ready to und]/& _m ?+s t
 be=e _h be5 obscure to !m1 & ,jesus    
spoke to !m mu* ( ! ?+s p]ta9+ to !     
,k+dom ( ,god4#de ,sometimes1 z !y sat  
toge!r1 he sudd5ly appe>$ among !m4#df  
,once :5 a few ( !m _h be5 out fi%+ ov] 
night !y f\nd him /&+ on ! %ore 9 !     
morn+4#dg  ,/ill lat] he appo9t$ a meet+
 on a m\nta9 9 ,galilee at :i* ov] five 
hundr$ ( ! fai?ful 7 ga!r$4 ,x 0 !n t he
 comm&$ !m to g =? to tea* all nations1 
& he gave !m ! promise1 ,lo1 ,i am ) y  
alway1 ev5 unto ! end ( ! _w4#dh        
,f9ally he l$ ! *os5 b& to ! ,m\nt (    

,olives at ,be?any1 & he lift$ up 8 h&s 
& bless$ !m4 ,& x came to pass :ile he  
bless$ !m1 he 0 p>t$ f !m1 & c>ri$ up   
into heav54 ,& a cl\d receiv$ him out ( 
_! sight4 ,& :ile !y look$ /$fa/ly t[>d 
heav5 z he w5t up1 behold1 two m5 /ood  
by !m 9 :ite app>el2 :i* also said1 ,ye 
m5 ( ,galilee1 :y /& ye gaz+ up into    
heav58 ?is same ,jesus1 :i* is tak5 up f
 y into heav51 %all s come 9 l mann] z  
ye h se5 him g into heav54#di  ,9 ,luca 
della ,robbia's bas-relief ( ! ,asc5sion
 ! mom5t has come :51 9 ! v act ( bless+
 8 disciples1 ,jesus is p>t$ f !m4 ,he  
_h already1 9 "s measure1 prep>$ !m =   
?is ev5t4 ,on ! day ( 8 resurrection he 
told !m t he 0 ab\t to asc5d to 8       
fa!r4#ej ,to-day 8 words & mann] may h  
%[n !m t ! "t 0 at h&4 ,c]ta9ly !re are 
no />tl$ or grief-/rick5 faces among !m2
 no ge/ures ( surprise4 ,x is z if 9    
response to "s sign f ! ma/]1 !y _h all 
knelt to receive 8 b5$iction1 & :ile !y 
7 /ill on _! knees1 he rose f _! mid/4  
,already 8 feet h left ! solid e>?1 z he

 vani%es out ( _! sight4  ,! company =m 
a circle j z !y _h clu/]$ ab\t him4 ,s  
ord]ly is _! arrangem5t1 s quietly is ! 
great act accompli%$1 t !y seem to be   
tak+ "p 9 "s religi\s s]vice4 ,all eyes 
are fix$ ^u ! ,savi\r1 ) love1 joy1 &   
adoration express$ 9 e c\nt5ance4       
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,asc5sion 7,,luca    
,,della ,,robbia7 ,ca!dral1 ,flor5ce  ,!
 trea*]y ( ,judas _h r$uc$ ! numb] (    
disciples to elev51 & ! vacant place 0 n
 fill$ until lat]4 ,we see1 h[ev]1      
twelve figures 9 ?is circle1 & notice t 
"o is a woman4 ,?is is ,m>y1 ! "m (     
,jesus1 :o _h liv$ ) ,john s9ce ! day ( 
! ,crucifixion4 ,x 0 ! express wi% (    
,jesus t ! belov$ disciple %\ld reg>d h]
 z a "m4 ,?us x is n unnatural to       
suppose t ! two w\ld come toge!r to     
,be?any at ?is "t1 & kneel side by side1
 z we see !m "h4 ,m>y looks z "y z :5 %e
 held h] babe 9 h] arms1 & %e has ! same
 happy expression4 ,x is n possible to  
make out :o ! o!rs are4 ,we fancy t !   
two be>dless "y m5 at ! "r are ,?omas & 

,philip1 because !y are ?\ght to h be5  
y\ng] ?an ! o!r disciples4  ,! figure ( 
! ,savi\r is noble & dignifi$1 !        
attitude full ( buoyancy4 ,! face is su*
 z f long association we h come to      
id5tify ) ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 b5ignant &   
ref9$4 ,he looks n up into ! glory t[>ds
 :i* he is asc5d+1 b 8 glance /ill l+]s 
^u ! disciples ) an expression ( t5d]   
solicitude4 ,an oval frame ( radiat+    
l9es surr\nds 8 entire figure4 ,x is !  
m&orla1 or almond-%ap$ nimbus1 :i* 0 !  
old arti/ic symbol ( div9e glory4  ,we h
 already notic$ "s ( ! *>act]i/ics (    
,luca della ,robbia's art1 :i* are aga9 
illu/rat$ 9 ?is "w4 ,! drap]ies are     
arrang$ ) a simplicity ( l9e :i* is     
almo/ sev]e4 ,! folds are scanty1 cl++  
to ! figure & foll[+ ! f9e outl9es ( !  
pose4 ,! figures are :ite1 set (f aga9/ 
! blue ( ! sky1 & gre51 br[n1 & yell[   
are introduc$ 9 ! l&scape surr\nd+s4  ,!
 bas-relief is "o ( two lunettes plac$  
ov] opposite doors 9 ! ca!dral (        
,flor5ce4 ,! companion subject is !     

,resurrection1 & 9 bo? pieces ! sculptor
 w5t beyond 8 usual limit 9 ! numb] (   
figures mak+ up ! composition4 ,! lead+ 
quality ( 8 "w is decorative1 & he      
seldom appli$ 8 art to ! illu/ration (  
/ory4 ,we are ! m int]e/$ 9 8 rem>kable 
success 9 ^! in/ances4  ,a pa9t] w\ld   
naturally h br\ght out ! m dramatic     
features ( ! ,asc5sion1 %[+ ! excitem5t 
& confusion ( ! mom5t4 ,luca knew well t
 sculpture 0 unsuit$ = viol5t action1 & 
he s\ght r to convey a s5se ( repose 9 8
 "w4 ,moreov] he infus$ a devotional _s 
into ! sc5e :i* he seldom atta9$4       
,m>cel-,reymond says t only 9 ,fra      
,angelico's "w c "o f9d figures express+
 su* an ec/asy ( love & devotion4       
,footnote #de3 ,acts1 *apt] i41 v]se #c4
  ,footnote #df3 ,/4 ,m>k1 *apt] xvi41  
v]se #ad2 ,/4 ,john1 *apt] xx41 v]se    
#bf4  ,footnote #dg3 ,/4 ,john1 *apt]   
xxi41 v]se #d4  ,footnote #dh3 ,/4      
,mat!w1 *apt] xxviii41 v]ses #ai1 #bj4  
,footnote #di3 ,/4 ,luke1 *apt] xxiv41  
v]ses #ej1 #ea2 ,acts1 *apt] i41 v]ses  

#i-aa4  ,footnote #ej3 ,/4 ,john1 *apt] 
xx41 v]se #ag4     ,,xiii  ,,tomb ,,(   
,,! ,,c>d9al ,,( ,,portugal  ,,by       
,,antonio ,,rossell9o   ,9 ! *ur* ( ,san
 ,m9iato1 on a hill ov]look+ ,flor5ce1  
is a memorial *apel built 9 honor ( a   
,portuguese c>d9al :o is buri$ "h4      
,ar*itecture1 pa9t+1 & sculpture are "h 
unit$ to make a p]fect arti/ic :ole4 ,! 
room 0 design$ by ! ar*itect ,antonio   
,manetti2 ! alt> & walls are adorn$ )   
pa9t+s by ,pollaiuolo & ,baldov9etti1 ! 
ro( is decorat$ ) m$allions ( ,delia    
,robbia w>e1 & at "o side is ! c>d9al's 
tomb4  ,?is prelate1 ,jacopo di         
,portogallo1 di$ 9 ,flor5ce :ile visit+ 
! city on a diplomatic mission4 ,he 0 a 
"y man "u ?irty ye>s ( age1 a c\s9 ( !  
reign+ k+ ( ,portugal1 & 0 besides !    
c>d9al ar*bi%op ( ,lisbon4 ,naturally he
 0 receiv$ z a gue/ ( unusual di/9ction1
 & 8 amiable qualities won him w>m      
fri5ds among ! ,flor5t9es4 ,?\gh dy+ 9 a
 =eign l&1 he 0 buri$ ) su* honors z 8  
own c\ntrym5 c\ld h>dly h surpass$4 ,?is

 0 9 #adei1 at a "t :5 ,antonio         
,rossell9o 0 a prom95t sculptor (       
,tuscany4 ,he 0 ! arti/ *os5 by ! ,bi%op
 ( ,flor5ce to con/ruct ! ,portuguese   
c>d9al's tomb4  ,on a ri*ly c>v$ base   
/&s ! s>cophagus or m>ble c(f9 9 an ar*$
 ni*e4 ,j ov] ?is1 on a bi]1 lies !     
portrait figure ( ! c>d9al 9 8          
ecclesia/ical robes4 ,all ?is is        
surr\nd$ by a squ>e framework1 n unlike 
a mantelpiece 9 /yle1 on ! two upp]     
corn]s ( :i* are kneel+ angels4 ,! wall 
space above is ornam5t$ by angels hold+ 
ov] a simulat$ w9d[ a m$allion conta9+ a
 ,madonna & *ild4  ,our illu/ration %[s 
?is portion ( ! wall1 & includes a "p ( 
! angel figures kneel+ at ! upp] corn]s 
( ! tomb4 ,! angel on ! left side holds 
! cr[n1 :i* is ! rew>d ( a fai?ful life4
 ,x is ! cr[n ( righte\sness1 ! cr[n (  
life1 or ! cr[n ( glory :i* fade? n     
away4#ca ,8 companion mu/ once h c>ri$ a
 palm bran*1 accord+ to an old          
description1 b ?is has disappe>$4 ,!    
angels be>+ ! m$allion fly =w>d z if    

swimm+ ?r\gh ! air1 alt]nately b5d+ !   
knee & ?ru/+ out ! leg4 ,_! drap]ies    
flutt] ab\t !m 9 ! swiftness ( _!       
motion4 ,su* vigor\s action is an       
unusual motive 9 decorative art1 &      
p]haps n altoge!r appropriate4 ,all f\r 
( ! angels h delicate features & sweet  
expressions4  ,illu/ration3 ,,tomb ,,(  
,,! ,,c>d9al ,,( ,,portugal 7,,antonio  
,,rossell9o7 ,*ur* ( ,san ,m9iato1      
,flor5ce  ,! m$allion is1 arti/ically   
consid]$1 ! lovelie/ portion ( ! :ole   
"w4 ,! face ( ! ,madonna is ( t p]fect  
oval :i* arti/s *oose = _! ideal (      
beauty4 ,we admire too ! delicately cut 
features1 ! wav+ hair1 & ! %apely h&s4  
,bo? %e & ! *ild look d[n f _! high     
frame1 smil+ ^u ^? :o may /& on !       
pavem5t bel[4 ,! *ild raises 8 h& 9 a   
ge/ure ( b5$iction1 ! ?ree f+]s ext5d$ z
 a sign ( ! tr9ity4  ,x is n an easy    
problem to fit ! compositional l9es ( a 
gr\p into a circul> frame4 ,rossell9o   
solv$ x v prettily by outl9+ ! figures 9
 a diamond-%ap$ diagram4 ,y may easily  

trace ! f\r sides1 draw+ "o l9e f !     
,madonna's head along h] "r %\ld]1 ano!r
 f h] elb[ to ! f+] tip1 a ?ird f !     
*ild's toes to 8 left elb[1 a f\r? f 8  
elb[ to ! top ( ! "m's veil4  ,x w be   
notic$ t 9 ! :ole decorative s*eme ( !  
monum5t !re is no?+ to sugge/ ! idea (  
m\rn+4 ,!re is "h no s5se ( gloom 9 !   
pres5ce ( dea?4 ,! rejoic+ ( ! angels1 !
 smile ( ! "m & *ild1 & ! peaceful sleep
 ( ! c>d9al1 all express ! ,*ri/ian hope
 ( immortality beyond ! grave4  ,!      
s5tim5t is p>ticul>ly appropriate to !  
"* ( ! man ^: memory is honor$ "h4 ,!   
,flor5t9e writ] ,vespasiano ,bi/icci    
describ$ him z be+ ( a mo/ amiable      
nature1 a patt]n ( humanity1 & an       
abundant f\nta9 ( good1 ?r\gh ,god1 to !
 poor4444 ,he liv$ 9 ! fle% z if he 7   
free f x1 r ! life ( an angel ?an a man1
 & 8 dea? 0 holy z 8 life4#eb  ,all[+   
some?+ = ! extravagance ( spee* :i* 0 ! 
fa%ion ( t "t1 we may /ill believe t !  
,c>d9al ( ,portugal 0 a man ^: "* 0     
s+ul>ly pure 9 an age :5 good m5 7 none 

too common4 ,( ! sculptor ,rossell9o    
also fair words are spok54 ,vas>i decl>$
 t he 0 v5]at$ almo/ z a sa9t = !       
admirable virtues :i* he add$ to 8 k (  
art4  ,! cu/om ( erect+ elaborate m>ble 
tombs 0 an int]e/+ feature ( !          
,r5aissance art 9 ,italy4 ,su* monum5ts 
=m$ an important "p ( ! int]ior         
decoration ( *ur*es4 ,*ur* dignit>ies   
took great pride 9 ! ?\ght t _! names   
w\ld be immortaliz$ 9 ^! works ( art4   
,"s _h _! tombs made :ile /ill liv+1 t  
!y might make sure ( a satisfactory     
design4#ec ,o!rs gave directions on !   
subject ) _! dy+ brea?1 z 9 ,br[n+'s    
poem1 ,! ,bi%op ,ord]s 8 ,tomb at ,/4   
,prax$'s4 ,( ! _m f9e tombs 9 ! *ur*es (
 ,tuscany1 ?is monum5t ( ! ,c>d9al (    
,portugal is c\nt$ "o ( ! ?ree be/4#ed  
,footnote #ea3 #b ,timo?y1 *apt] iv41   
v]se #h2 ,/4 ,james1 *apt] i41 v]se #ab2
 #a ,pet]1 *apt] v41 v]se #d4 ,!        
symbolism ( ! cr[n is expla9$ 9 ,mrs4   
,jameson's ,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art1 page 
#bh4  ,footnote #eb3 ,9 ,vite di ,uom9i 

,illu/ri del ,secolo ,,xv4  ,footnote   
#ec3 ,z ,bi%op ,salutati1 ^: tomb is    
m5tion$ 9 ,*apt] ,,iv4  ,footnote #ed3  
,by ,c4 ,c4 ,p]k9s 9 ,tuscan ,sculptors4
     ,,xiv  ,,eque/rian ,,/atue ,,(     
,,gattamelata  ,,by ,,donatello   ,9 !  
fifte5? c5tury ,italy 0 divid$ into     
num]\s indep5d5t /ates1 among :i* !re 0 
m or less rivalry4 ,! two great p[]s ( !
 nor? 7 ,v5ice & ,milan1 bo? /riv+ = !  
possession ( ,lomb>dy4 ,to ! ,v5etian   
republic already belong$ an ext5sive    
t]ritory on ! ma9l&1 & %e 0 det]m9$ on  
conque/ at any co/4 ,to ?is end         
condotti]i 7 employ$ to c>ry on ! sev]al
 campaigns4  ,^! condotti]i 7 milit>y   
lead]s :o made w> a bus9ess4 ,x matt]$  
no?+ to !m on :at side !y f\ght or aga9/
 :at enemy1 s long z !y 7 well paid = _!
 s]vices4 ,z a rule !y 7 m5 (           
unscrupul\s "*1 _m ( :om betray$ ! cause
 entru/$ to !m4 ,to ?is rule a notable  
exception 0 ,gattamelata1#ee ! subject (
 ! eque/rian /atue 9 our illu/ration4   
,! man's real "n 0 ,erasmo da ,n>ni4 ,x 

0 z fir/ lieut5ant 9 ! ,v5etian army t  
he came into notice1 s]v+ "u ,gonzaga4  
,:5 lat] ?is ,gonzaga w5t ov] to ! cause
 ( ! ,milanese enemy1 ! lieut5ant 0     
promot$ to ! comm&4 ,he ?rew into ! "w  
be=e him1 says ! hi/orian1 an hone/ he>t
 & spl5did faculties4  ,! ,milanese army
 0 mu* l>g] ?an ! ,v5etian1 & 0 comm&$  
by ! fam\s /rategi/ ,niccolo ,picc99o4  
,gattamelata c\ld make little headway   
aga9/ su* odds1 b all t 0 possible to d 
he accompli%$ ) equal c\rage1 fidelity1 
& zeal4 ,at l5g?1 9 attempt+ to br+     
relief to ! besieg$ city ( ,brescia1 he 
f\nd himself %ut 9 betwe5 ! ,lake (     
,g>da & ! ,alps4  ,x 0 9 ! mon? (       
,septemb]1 #adch4 ,sn[ already lay on ! 
m\nta9s1 & ! riv]s 7 swoll5 ) ! autumn  
ra9s4 ,! roads 7 out ( repair1 bridges 7
 wa%$ away1 & ev5 ! =ds 7 impassable4   
,to make matt]s worse1 ! army 0 %ort (  
provisions4 ,su* conditions w\ld h =c$  
any o!r g5]al to lay d[n 8 arms1 b n    
,gattamelata4 ,) admirable coolness1 he 
l$ 8 m5 9 a retreat across ! m\nta9s &  

ar\nd ! lake4 ,?ree ?\s& horsem5 & two  
?\s& infantry made up _! numb]1 & all 7 
devot$ to _! lead]4 ,torr5ts 7 bridg$1  
old roads repair$1 new ones op5$1 & at !
 end ( a mon? ! army em]g$ ^u ! ,lomb>d 
pla94  ,illu/ration3 ,,eque/rian ,,/atue
 ,,( ,,gattamelata 7,,donatello7 ,piazza
 del ,santo1 ,padua  ,?us 7 ! ,v5etian  
arms sav$1 & at ! same "t ! ,milanese 7 
baffl$ 9 a design to come betwe5 ,v5ice 
& h] army4 ,gattamelata's retreat 0 a   
victory ( peace1 less %[y1 p]haps1 ?an a
 victory ( w>1 b requir+ ! f9e/         
qualities ( g5]al%ip4 ,9 recognition ( 8
 s]vices ! ,v5etian ,signory conf]r$ !  
title ( nobility ^u him1 ) a palace & a 
p5sion4  ,9 ! foll[+ ye>1 ! ,v5etian    
cause 0 /r5g!n$ by alliance ) ,flor5ce1 
& ,gattamelata yield$ ! fir/ place 9    
comm& to ,s=za1 ! g5]al ( ! ,flor5t9e   
=ces4 ,9 #addj ! unit$ armies succe$$ 9 
reliev+ ,brescia1 b 9 ! same ye> a      
calamity befell ,gattamelata4 ,exposure 
to cold br\ght on p>alysis1 & aft] a    
l+]+ illness ( two ye>s he di$4 ,! honor

 ( a great fun]al 0 accord$ him at !    
public exp5se1 & he 0 buri$ 9 ! *ur* (  
,s4 ,antonio at ,padua4 ,! next ye> !   
sculptor1 ,donatello1 0 commission$ to  
make an eque/rian /atue ( ! great       
condotti]e to be set up 9 ! squ>e 9     
front ( ! *ur*4#ef  ,) quiet dignity    
,gattamelata rides =w>d on 8 horse z if 
review+ 8 army4 ,!re is no?+ pomp\s 9 8 
attitude or mann]4 ,he seems a pla9 man 
int5t ^u 8 task1 ) no ?\ght ( display4  
,he has ! /rong face ( "o born =        
lead]%ip1 & we c believe ! /ories ( 8   
troops' devotion to him4 ,) 8 "r h& he  
lifts 8 w& 9 a ge/ure ( comm&1 lett+ x  
re/ across ! horse's neck4  ,he is      
dress$ 9 ! picturesque w> co/ume ( !    
p]iod1 & we>s metal plates ^u 8 arms4 ,a
 long sword sw+s at 8 side1 & spurs are 
atta*$ to 8 heels4 ,yet app>5tly he is n
 actually equipp$ = ! battle1 = 8 head  
is uncov]$4 ,he has a high rec$+ =ehead 
& ?ick curls4 ,! peculi> %ape ( ! head1 
look+ almo/ conical f "s po9ts ( view1  
indicates a =cible "*4 ,x is evid5t t   

?is is a man ( action r ?an ( words4 ,8 
appe>ance fits admirably ! facts ( 8    
life z "o ^: en]gy & c\rage c\ld ov]come
 any ob/acle4 ,gattamelata 0 n a        
patriot1 z we und]/& patriotism1 be+ b a
 m]c5>y capta94 ,b he %[$ a r>e loyalty 
to ! cause he esp\s$4 ,x is n z a fight+
 man t we admire him to-day1 b z a man (
 rem>kable res\rces4  ,ob$i5t to !      
ma/]'s h&1 ! horse ambles at a mod]ate  
pace4 ,except ! bridle1 he has no       
trapp+s1 & we ?us see to ! be/ advantage
 ! f9e proportions ( 8 figure4 ,be=e    
und]tak+ ?is "w ,donatello _h _h no     
exp]i5ce 9 modell+ ! horse1 & 8 success 
is ! m rem>kable4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ! man r 
?an ! horse :i* %[s ! full p[] ( !      
sculptor's art4 ,! subject 0 "o exactly 
suit$ to 8 ta/e1 :i* pref]r$ vigor\s    
mascul9e qualities to all o!rs4  ,9     
anci5t sculpture eque/rian subjects 7 v 
important4 ,on ! ,p>!non at ,a!ns a     
frieze ( bas-relief conta9$ r[s (       
horsem5 rid+ 9 ! ,pana!naic             
procession4#eg ,9 a public squ>e 9 ,rome

 0 a fam\s /atue ( ! ,emp]or ,m>cus     
,aurelius on horseback4 ,donatello 0 !  
fir/ sculptor ( ! ,*ri/ian era to revive
 ?is noble =m ( art4 ,! /atue (         
,gattamelata is !re=e ! p>5t ( ! long   
l9e ( mod]n eque/rian /atues4  ,footnote
 #ee3 ,! lit]al mean+ ( ?is sobriquet is
 ,honey$ cat4  ,footnote #ef3 ,w4 ,c4   
,hazlitt's ,v5etian ,republic furni%es !
 quotations & in=mation = ?is acc\nt (  
,gattamelata4 ,o!r s\rces ( mat]ial on !
 subject are ,fabretti1 ,biog4 dei      
,capitani dell' ,umbria1 ,hoef]'s ,biog4
 univ]selle1 & ,mi*aud's ,biog4 g5]ale4 
,symonds gives a g5]al acc\nt ( !       
condotti]i 9 ! ,age ( ,despots4         
,footnote #eg3 ,see ,*apt] ,,iii4 ( !   
volume on ,greek ,sculpture1 9 !        
,riv]side ,art ,s]ies4     ,,xv  ,,%r9e 
,,by ,,m9o ,,da ,,fiesole   ,we h se5 f 
! examples 9 our collection t ! art (   
sculpture may be appli$ 9 _m =ms to !   
decoration ( *ur*es1 )\t & )94 ,/atues l
 ^? 9 ! ni*es on ! *ur* ( ,or ,san      
,mi*ele1 sculptur$ alt>s l t by         

,donatello 9 ! *ur* at ,padua1 organ    
gall]ies l t by ,luca della ,robbia 9 ! 
,flor5ce ca!dral1 monum5tal tombs l ^? (
 ,il>ia del ,c>retto & ! ,c>d9al (      
,portugal1 m$allions & lunettes on walls
 & ceil+s1 are among ! treasures enri*+ 
! *ur*es ( ,italy4  ,sculpture may also 
be us$ to ornam5t almo/ e article ( *ur*
 furni%+3 pulpits1 fonts1 & bas9s = holy
 wat]1 w>drobes & cab9ets1 *e/s & *airs1
 z well z a multitude ( ^? small]       
objects wr\ght 9 metal :i* belong to !  
goldsmi?'s art4 ,^u all su* ?+s z ^! !  
,italian arti/s ( ! fifte5? c5tury sp5t 
mu* c>eful & lov+ labor4  ,illu/ration3 
,,%r9e 7,,m9o ,,da ,,fiesole7 ,*ur* (   
,santa ,croce1 ,flor5ce  ,our           
illu/ration %[s a k9d ( *ur* furniture  
common 9 ?is p]iod4 ,x is a sculptur$   
cab9et to conta9 articles us$ 9 ! alt>  
s]vices1 su* z ! sacram5tal waf]s or !  
holy oil4 ,a receptacle = objects s     
sacr$ is call$ a %r9e4 ,! ar*itectural  
framework is 9 ! =m /yl$ a tab]nacle1   
su* z we h se5 9 ! ni*es on ! outside ( 

,or ,san ,mi*ele4#eh  ,! arti/ 0 ,m9o da
 ,fiesole1 ^: decorative works 7 v      
popul>1 bo? = ! delicacy ( _! f9i% & !  
quality ( s5tim5t !y express$4 ,8 idea  
"h 0 to make ! design sugge/ a sacr$    
/ory1 ! /ory ( ,*ri/'s resurrection4 ,! 
op5+ into ! cab9et is ! entrance ( !    
tomb1 & )\t1 ! angels await ! com+ ( !  
ris5 ,"l4  ,our ?\ghts turn to ! ,sunday
 morn+ 9 ! g>d5 ( ,joseph ( ,arima!a1 :5
 ! fai?ful wom5 came to ! rock-hewn     
tomb4 ,! /one _h be5 roll$ away1 &      
angels greet$ !m ) ! glad tid+s1 ,he is 
ris54#ei ,! angels ( our picture press  
=w>d eag]ly to pe] into ! %ad[y dep?s ( 
! int]ior4 ,!re are two :o are close to 
! door1 :ile two m1 ) long tor*es1 /& on
 ! /ep bel[4 ,above ! door hov]s a dove1
 ! emblem ( ! ,holy ,_s4  ,v>i\s        
features ( ! tab]nacle illu/rate        
*>act]i/ic qualities ( ! ,italian art ( 
?is p]iod4 ,! ar*$ top is to be notic$ z
 mu* m common 9 ,italy ?an ! ,go?ic or  
po9t$ ro(4 ,! w+$ *]ub heads 7 a        
favorite decorative design4 ,we h se5 "o

 example ( _! use 9 ! frame ( ! m$allion
 on ! ,portuguese c>d9al's tomb4 ,!     
decorat$ side pill>s ) ,ionic capitals  
we h se5 9 ! alt>piece ( ! ,annunciation
 by ,&rea della ,robbia4  ,! %r9e ( our 
illu/ration 0 orig9ally made = ! nuns ( 
! conv5t ( ! ,murate4 ,x is m5tion$ by  
,vas>i z a "w :i* ! arti/ conduct$ to   
p]fection ) all ! dilig5ce ( :i* he 0   
capable4 ,t its fir/ purpose 0 to hold !
 sacram5tal waf]s we may be sure f !    
,lat9 inscription1 ,?is is ! liv+ bread 
:i* came d[n f heav54 ,! words are ^?   
us$ by our ,"l himself 9 "o ( !         
disc\rses record$ by ,/4 ,john4#fj  ,9  
#ahae ! %r9e 0 remov$ to its pres5t     
place 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,croce1 ,flor5ce1  
:]e x is 9 ! *apel ( ! ,m$ici1 also     
call$ ! *apel ( ! ,novitiate4  ,footnote
 #eh3 ,*apt] ,,ii4  ,footnote #ei3 ,/4  
,m>k1 *apt] xvi41 v]ses #d-f4  ,footnote
 #fj3 ,/4 ,john1 *apt] vi41 v]se #ea4   
,,xvi  ,,il ,,m>zocco 7,,! ,,h]aldic    
,,lion ,,( ,,flor5ce7  ,,by ,,donatello 
,9 ! hi/ory ( ! sev]al cities ( ,italy e

 t[n has *os5 "s design to be inscrib$  
^u a %ield z a coat ( arms4 ,flor5ce has
 ! lily1 z a rem9d] ( ! f>-away days :5 
! valley ( ! ,arno 0 fill$ ) ! r$       
blossoms ( ! am>yllis4 ,x 0 = ?is t ! "n
 ,fir5ze 0 giv5 to ! city1 ! ,city (    
,fl[]s4 ,! lily is drawn 9 ?ree petals  
some:at l ^? ( ! fleur-de-lis ( ,france2
 b ! ,flor5t9e fl[] is broad] ?an its   
,fr5* c\nt]p>t1 & has besides two sl5d] 
fl[]-/alks sep>at+ ! l>g] petals4 ,:5   
repres5t$ 9 color x is always r$4  ,!   
tutel>y g5ius ( ,flor5ce is ! lion4 ,he 
/&s = ! noble & h]oic qualities 9 !     
,flor5t9e citiz54 ,c\rage & patriotism h
 _m a "t be5 magnific5tly illu/rat$ 9 ! 
hi/ory ( ! city's /ruggles aga9/        
tyranny4 ,l ! k+ ( bea/s1 ! loyal       
,flor5t9e pref]s dea? to ! loss (       
lib]ty4  ,! *oice ( ! lion z a civic    
emblem expla9s ! fact t a pres]ve (     
lions 0 once kept 9 ,flor5ce at ! public
 exp5se4 ,?is 0 giv5 up c5turies ago1 b 
! ,via de' ,leoni1 or /reet ( ! lions1  
rema9s to rem9d u ( ! old cu/om4 ,!re 0 

/ill ano!r way 9 :i* ,flor5ce kept !    
emblem cont9ually be=e ! m9ds ( h] p4   
,?is 0 9 ! /one lion call$ ! ,m>zocco1  
set up 9 ! piazza1 or squ>e1 ( !        
,signoria4  ,= _m ye>s ! civic life (   
,flor5ce c5tr$ 9 ! ,piazza della        
,signoria1 :]e /&s ! old gray /one      
palace call$ ! ,palazzo ,vec*io4 ,( "s (
 ! important ev5ts :i* took place "h 9 !
 fifte5? c5tury we may read 9 ,george   
,eliot's ,romola4 ,x 0 "h ! ,flor5t9es  
ga!r$ on all occasions ( public int]e/1 
:e!r connect$ ) ! political or !        
religi\s affairs ( _! city4  ,9 front ( 
! ,palazzo ,vec*io is a /one plat=m     
call$ ! r+hi]a1 & x 0 on ?is t !        
,m>zocco 0 set up z a /imulus to        
patriotism4 ,! lion sits on 8 haun*es 9 
an attitude ( grave dignity4 ,9 ?is     
position he is mu* m al]t ?an a cr\*+   
lion1 & less aggressive ?an ! rampant   
lion4 ,8 duty is to gu>d ! honor ( !    
city1 & 8 pose is mu* l t ( ! wat*dog4  
,) 8 "r paw he supports a %ield on :i* !
 ,flor5t9e lily is engrav$4 ,we are     

rem9d$ ( our own national eagle hold+ ! 
%ield ( ! />s & /ripes4  ,9 su* a figure
 we d n look = a close resemblance to   
nature4 ,! subjects ( h]aldic art are   
treat$ 9 a decorative way ) a c]ta9     
/iffness ( =m4 ,! device ( ! lily is n  
an actual picture ( ! fl[]1 b a k9d (   
floral diagram1 or :at we call a        
conv5tionaliz$ =m4 ,s1 too1 ! lion is ( 
a =mal or emblematic type4 ,yet !re is a
 c]ta9 expressiv5ess 9 ! face ( ! old   
fell[ :i* makes u l him4 ,l ! w+$ lion (
 ,/4 ,m>k's 9 ,v5ice1 he has made _m    
fri5ds4  ,il ,m>zocco is c>v$ out ( s(t 
gray /one :i* ! ,italians call pietra   
s]5a4 ,x is believ$ to h be5 made by    
,donatello1 & x /&s on a beautiful c>v$ 
p$e/al4 ,l ! same sculptor's /atue ( ,/4
 ,george x 0 deem$ too preci\s to leave 
expos$ 9 ! op5 air1 & 0 !re=e remov$ to 
a museum4 ,a bronze copy n[ /&s 9 its   
place on ! plat=m ( ! old palace4       
,,pron\nc+ ,,vocabul>y ,,( ,,prop]      
,,names ,,& ,,=eign ,,words  ,!         
,diacritical ,m>ks giv5 are ^? f\nd 9 ! 

late/ edition ( ,web/]'s ,int]national  
,diction>y4   ,,explanation ,,(         
,,diacritical ,,m>ks4   ,a ,da% 77 above
 ! v[el d5otes ! long s\nd1 z 9 fate1   
eve1 time1 note1 use4 ,a ,da% & a ,dot  
747 above ! v[el d5ote ! same s\nd1 less
      prolong$4 ,a ,curve 777 above !   
v[el d5otes ! %ort s\nd1 z 9 7add1      
7end1 7ill1 7odd1 7up4 ,a ,dot 747 above
 ! v[el a d5otes ! obscure s\nd ( a 9   
p4a/1 4abate1 ,am7eric4a4 ,a ,d\ble ,dot
 737above ! v[el a d5otes ! broad s\nd (
 a 9      fae!r1 aelms4 ,a ,d\ble ,dot  
737 bel[ ! v[el a d5otes ! s\nd ( a 9   
ba3ll4 ,a ,wave 77 above ! v[el e d5otes
 ! s\nd ( e 9 her4 ,a ,circumflex ,acc5t
 77 above ! v[el o d5otes ! s\nd ( o 9  
born4 ,a dot 747 bel[ ! v[el u d5otes ! 
s\nd ( u 9 ! ,fr5*      language4 ,n    
indicates t ! prec$+ v[el has ! ,fr5*   
nasal tone4 ,g & ,k d5ote ! guttural    
s\nd ( * 9 ! ,g]man language4 ? d5otes !
 s\nd ( ? 9 !1 ?is4 c s\nds l s4 -c     
s\nds l k4 s s\nds l z4 g is h>d z 9    
get4 4g is s(t z 9 4gem4    ,alg]       

77al'jer74 ,ambrosi1 ,m>ietta           
7mae-re-7et'tae aem-bro'ze74 ,&rea      
7a5-dra'ae74 ,angelico1 ,fra 7frae      
a5-j7el'e-ko74 ,annunziata              
7a5-noon-tse-ae'tae74 ,antonio          
7a5-to'ne-o74 ,apollo 74a-p7ol'lo74     
,arezzo 7ae-r7et'so74 ,arima!a          
77ar-7i-m4a-?e'4a74 ,ari/otle           
77ar'7is-t7otl74 ,arras 7a]-raes'74     
,baldov9etti 7bael-do-ve-n7et'te74      
,bamb9o 7baem-be'no74 ,b>tolommeo       
7ba]-to-l7om-ma'o74 ,b7e?'4any4         
,b7e?'leh7em4 ,be?saida                 
7b7e?-sa'7i-d4a74 ,bi/icci1 ,vespasiano 
7v7es-pae-ze-ae'no bes-tet' *e74        
,bologna 7bo-lon'y4a74 ,borgh9i1 ,vic5zo
 7ve-*7end'so bor-ge'ne74 ,botticelli   
7b7ot-te-*7el'le74 ,brescia 7bra'%e-ae74
 ,brunelles*i 7broo-n7el-l7es'ke74      
,buon>roti 7boo-o-na]-ro'te74  ,camm9a  
7kaem'me-nae74 cantoria 7ka5-to-re'ae74 
,cappadocia 7k7ap-4a-do'%7i-ae74 ,c>d]>a
 7ka]-da-rae'rae74 ,c>r>a 7ka]-rae'rae74
 ,c>retto 7ka]-r7et'to74 ,cavalucci     
7kae-vae-loot'*e74 ,cleodol9da          

7kle-7od-o-l7in'd4a74 ,colv91 ,sidney   
7s7id'n7i k7ol'v7in74 ,correggio        
7kor-r7ed'jo74 ,cortile 7kor-te'l4a74   
,croce 7kro'*a74  ,della ,robbia        
7d7el'lae r7ob'be-ae74 ,didron          
7de-dro,n'74 ,diocletian                
7di-o-kle'%7i-4an74 ,dom7in'7ic4an4     
,d7om'7in7ick4 ,donaet7el'lo4 ,donae'to4
  ,ecce ancilla ,dom9i fiat mihi        
secundum v]bum tuum 77ek'k7e            
a5kel'lae do'me-ne fe'aet m4e'h4e       
sakoon'doom war'boom too'oom74 ,ecco il 
,giovann9o 77ek'ko el jo-va5-ne'no74    
,ego sum ,lux ,mundi 77eg'o s7oom loox  
moon'de74 ,elias 7e-li'4as74 ,elisabe?  
7e-l7iz'4a-b7e?74 ,eloi 7a-lwae'74      
episcopus 7a-pe'sko-p7oos74 ,erasmo da  
,n>ni 7a-raes'mo dae na]'ne74  ,fabretti
 7fae-br7et'te74 ,fir5ze 7fe-r7end's4a74
 ,flor5t9e 7flor'7en-ten74 ,franciscan  
7fr7an-s7is'k4an74 ,frati ,m9ori        
7frae'te me-no're74 ,frati ,pr$icatori  
7frae'te pra-de-kae-to're74  ,galilee   
7g7al'7i-le74 ,g>da 7ga]'dae74          
,gattamelata 7gaet-tae-ma-lae'tae74 g5re

 7zhae,nr74 ,gonzaga 7g7ond-sae'gae74   
,gr7eg'or7y4 ,gu9igi1 ,paolo 7pae'o-lo  
gwe-ne'ge74  ,h7az'l7itt4 ,her'mes4     
,h7er'7od4 ,hewlett1 ,maurice 7ma3'r7is 
hu'l7et74 ,hi]opolis 7hi-e-r7op'o-l7is74
 ,hoef] 7he'fer74 ,iconografia ,espanola
 7e-ko-no-grae-fe'ae                    
7es-pa5-yo'lae74 ,iconography           
7i-ko-n7og'r4a-f7i74 ,il>ia             
7e-lae're-ae74  ,jacopo della ,qu]cia   
7yae'ko-po d7el'lae kw7er'*ae74         
,jor'd4an4 ,j\rda9 7zhoor-d7a,n'74      
,judaea 7ju-de'4a74  ,l7eg'horn4        
,l7ib'7y4a4 ,lisbon 7l7iz'b7un74 ,loggia
 7l7od'jae74 ,l7om'b4ard7y4 ,luca della 
,robbia 7l7oo'kae d7el'lae r7ob'be-ae74 
,lucca 7look'kae74  ,magnificat         
7m7ag-n7if'7i-k7at74 ,m&orla            
7ma5'dor-lae74 ,manetti1 ,antonio       
7a5-to'ne-o mae-n7et'te74               
,m>cel-,reymond 7ma]-s7el' ra-mo,n'74   
,m>zocco1 ,il 7el ma]d-s7ok'ko74 ,m$ici 
7ma'de-*e74 ,mi*aud 7me-%o'74           
,mi*elangelo 7me-k7el-a5'j4a-lo74 ,milan
 7m7il'4an or m7i-l7an'74 ,m9o da       

,fiesole 7me'no dae fe-a'so-l4a74       
,mol9i] 7mo-le-ne-a'74 ,murate          
7moo-rae't4a74 ,murillo 7moo-rel'yo74   
,nanni di ,banco 7na5'ne de ba5'ko74    
,na?7an'4a7el4 ,n7az'4ar7e?4 ,niccolo   
7ne-ko-lo'74  ,or ,san ,mi*ele 7or sa5  
me-k7a'l4a74  ,p7ad'u4a4 ,palazzo       
,vec*io 7pae-laet'so v7ek'ke-o74        
,pa'ter4 ,petronio 7pa-tro'ne-o74       
,phrygia 7fr7ij'7i4a74  ,piazza         
7pe-aet'sae74 ,picc99o1 ,niccolo        
7ne-ko-lo' pet-*e-ne'no74 pietra s]5a   
7pe-a'trae sa-ra'nae74 ,pisa 7pe'zae74  
,pi/oja 7pes-to'yae74 ,plan*e           
7plae,n-%a'74 ,pollaiuolo               
7pol-lae-yoo-o'lo74 ,portogallo1 ,jacopo
 di 7yae'ko-po de por-to-gael'lo74      
,port'ug4al4 ,pr7ax'7ed4                
,pre-,raphaelite 7pre-rae'fa-7el-it74   
,raphael 7rae'fa-7el74 ,rea 7ra74       
,rembr&t 7r7em'br7ant74 ,r5aissance     
7re-nas-sae,ns'74 r+hi]a 7ren-ge-a'rae74
 ,romola 7r7om'o-l4a74 ,rossell9o       
7r7os-s7el-le'no74 ,rossetti            
7r7os-s7et'te74  ,sabati]               

7sae-bae-te-a'74 ,salutati1 ,leon>do    
7la-o-na]'do sae-loo-tae'te74 ,san      
,m9iato 7sa5 me-ne-ae'to74 ,scy?ia      
7s7i?'7i-4a74 ,s=za 7sford'sae74 ,si5a  
7se-a'nae74 ,signor 7sen'yor74 ,signory 
7sen'yo-r7i74 ,sile'ne4 ,sp$ale degli   
,innoc5ti 7sp7a-dae'la da'lye           
en-no-*an'te74 ,/7ig'm4atae4 ,symonds   
7s7im'7undz74 ,syndics 7s7in'd7ix74     
,t7il'l7ing-h7a/4 ,titian 7t7i%'4an74   
,t7us'c4an7y4  ,vas>i 7vae-sae're74 ,via
 de' ,leoni 7ve'ae da la-o'ne74         
,za*>ias 7z7ak-4a-ri'4as74 ,zuccone     
7dsook-ko'n74