,the ,call of the ,world   ,,or1 ,,every
 ,,man',s   ,,supreme ,,opportunity     
,,by   ,w4 ,e4 ,,doughty   ,,educational
 ,,secretary1 ,,laymen',s ,,missionary  
,,movement    ,,revised ,,edition       
,,new ,,york   ,missionary ,education   
,movement of the   ,united ,states and  
,canada   #aiac       ,,published       
,,jointly ,,by    ,,missionary          
,,education ,,movement   ,,and          
,,laymen',s ,,missionary ,,movement     
,,contents     ,,foreword     ,,chapter 
,i   ,,the ,,widening ,,sovereignty ,,of
 ,,christ      ,,world ,,conditions     
,,favorable ,,to ,,the ,,spread ,,of    
,,christianity        ,an accessible    
world1 #b--;,a plastic world1 #d--;,a   
changing       world1 #d--;,increase in 
,christian populations1 #i--,spread of  
,english language1 #i--;,geographical   
control of the world1 #aa4      ,,the   
,,multiplying ,,agencies ,,of ,,the     
,,kingdom        ,the number and growing
 efficiency of missionary societies1    
#ac--,resulting in unity and            

cooeperation1 #ad--;,a science of       
missions1 #ad--,the application of the  
principles of strategy1       #ae--,the 
number of missionaries1 #ag--,money1    
#ah--,translation       of ,scriptures1 
#ai4      ,,signs ,,of ,,world-,,wide   
,,victory        ,progress by centuries1
 #bj--,recent victories1 #ba--,the      
native       ,church1                   
#be--;,humanitarian institutions1       
#bg--,social reconstruction1            
#bg--;,conclusion1 #bi4     ,,chapter   
,,ii   ,,the ,,challenge ,,of ,a ,,great
 ,,task        ,unity of the race1      
#cd--;,explanation of terms1            
#cd--;,america's       home problem1    
#cg--,mexico1 #dc--,south ,america1     
#dd--;,africa1       #dg--;,asia1       
#ej--,near ,east1 #ej--;,central ,asia1 
#eb--;,india1       #ec---;,bhutan and  
,nepal1 #ee--;,indo-,china1             
#ee--;,japan1 #ee--,korea1              
#ef--;,china1 #ef--,summary1 #ei4       
,,chapter ,,iii   ,,america',s          
,,position ,,in ,,the ,,world ,,battle  

,the ,united ,states and ,canada1 a     
,common ,world ,task1 #ff4              
,,america',s ,,position ,,of            
,,leadership ,,shown ,,by ,,strategic   
,,location     ,,and ,,other            
,,geographical ,,conditions             
,america faces the two great oceans1    
#fg--;,is near to undeveloped           
parts of the world1 #fh--;,has many     
world harbors1       #fh--,navigable    
rivers1 #fi--;,is isolated from other   
commanding       powers1 #fi4           
,,america ,,has ,,qualities ,,of        
,,character ,,needed ,,for ,a ,,world   
,,task        ,the pioneers1            
#gj--,mechanical genius1 #ga--,public   
school1 #gb--,the       home missionary1
 #gb--;,home of world movements1 #gc4   
,,america ,,has ,,resources ,,for ,a    
,,world ,,task        ,size1            
#ge--,mineral resources1                
#gg--,railroads1 #gg--,wealth1          
#gh--;,agricultural products1 #gi4      
,,america ,,must ,,have ,,vision ,,and  
,,consecration ,,adequate ,,to ,,her    

,,task        ,a spiritual enterprise1  
#hb--;,america's share of the world     
task1       #hc--,men and money needed1 
#hd4     ,,chapter ,,iv   ,a ,,man',s   
,,response ,,to ,,the ,,world ,,appeal  
,efficiency experts1 #hg--;,a fourfold  
program1 #hi--,,widening                
,,horizon1 #ij--,studying the ,church1  
#ib--,the missionary       committee1   
#ic--,,unwithholding ,,consecration1    
#ie--,principles       of stewardship1  
#ih--,methods1 #aja--,,unending         
,,prayer1       #ajc--;,calls forth and 
energizes movements1 #ajf--;,finds a    
way out in hours of crisis1             
#ajg--;,fills gaps in thin line of      
battle1 #ajg--,togo's telegram1 #aji4   
,,foreword   ,the four questions which  
the author has most frequently heard in 
discussing world problems with men are  
the following3  ,what progress is the   
missionary enterprise making8  ,how much
 remains to be done8  ,what is          
,america's share of world               
responsibility8  ,how can men relate    

themselves in a practical way to the    
spread of ,christianity throughout the  
world8  ,it is to give a brief answer to
 these four fundamental questions that  
the following pages have been prepared  
for use in ,missionary ,discussion      
,groups1 ,men's ,bible ,classes1        
,brotherhoods1 ,missionary ,committees1 
and groups of ,sunday ,school ,officers 
and ,teachers4 ,it is also confidently  
expected that many men who cannot meet  
to discuss these problems in any of the 
groups mentioned will read and study the
 book in private4 ,in preparing the     
manuscript the author has had in mind a 
large number of men who are now or      
should become public advocates of       
missions4 ,the book presents information
 which they may use in addresses4  ,many
 of the facts given have been taken from
 the ,report of the ,edinburgh ,world   
,missionary ,conference1 ,the ,world    
,atlas of ,christian ,missions1 ,the    
,statesman's ,year ,book1 #aiab1 ,the   
,decisive ,hour of ,christian ,missions1

 by ,john ,r4 ,mott1 and ,the           
,unoccupied ,mission ,fields of ,africa 
and ,asia1 by ,s4 ,m4 ,zwemer4  ,the    
author is indebted to his friend1 the   
,rev4 ,w4 ,r4 ,dobyns1 ,d4,d41 of ,st4  
,joseph1 ,missouri1 for the design on   
the cover4  ,it is the hope of the      
writer that the reading and discussion  
of the topics outlined in these pages   
will inspire many men to undertake to   
master the world plans of ,christ and   
lead them to enthrone at the center of  
life the missionary purpose--the one    
purpose around which a man may build all
 the facts of his life and to which he  
may cling and let everything else go    
when he is hard pressed4  ,new ,york1   
,september1 #aiab4     ,,the ,,call ,,of
 ,,the ,,world     ,,chapter ,i  ,,the  
,,widening ,,sovereignty ,,of ,,christ  
,,in ,,the ,,world   ,in a discussion   
concerning the elements of an effective 
speech1 ,dr4 ,c4 ,h4 ,patton1 of the    
,american ,board1 gave the following    
outline3  ,an effective speech must be  

made up of      ,facts1      ,big facts1
      ,human facts1      ,related facts4
  ,these suggestions apply not only to  
speeches but to any case which is to    
make an effective appeal to men4 ,what  
subject is there which so perfectly     
illustrates the principles stated by    
,dr4 ,patton as the missionary theme8   
,nowhere else in all the realm of       
thinking and action are there such big1 
human1 related facts as in the          
enterprise which has for its goal the   
world-wide propagation and              
naturalization of ,christianity4        
,christian business men are constantly  
asking certain pertinent questions about
 any business undertaking4 ,is it       
honest8 ,is it safe8 ,will it pay8 ,is  
it big enough to be worth while8 ,will  
it succeed8 ,will it last8  ,men have a 
right to ask such questions about       
business4 ,they have an equal right to  
make the same thorough and searching    
investigation of the proposition to     
evangelize the world4 ,confident of the 

power of the cause to capture and hold  
men when once it has had a chance at    
them1 believing that this is the        
greatest case that has ever challenged  
the manhood of the world1 some of the   
evidences of the widening sovereignty of
 ,christ in the world are marshaled     
here4 ,the ,scriptures unmistakably     
indicate that ,god has pledged universal
 dominion to his ,son4 ,the facts which 
follow are concrete illustrations of the
 truth of the missionary principles of  
the ,bible4 ,the gathering momentum of  
the ,kingdom makes an irresistible      
appeal4  ,for convenience the facts may 
be grouped under three general heads3   
,,world ,,conditions ,,favorable ,,to   
,,the ,,spread ,,of ,,christianity      
,,the ,,multiplying ,,agencies ,,of     
,,the ,,kingdom      ,,signs ,,of       
,,world-,,wide ,,victory   ,i4 ,,world  
,,conditions ,,favorable ,,to ,,the     
,,spread ,,of ,,christianity  ,an       
,accessible ,world4--#a4 ,improved means
 of intercommunication4 ,that we live in

 a contracting world is strikingly      
illustrated by the fact that when       
,robert ,morrison went to ,china it took
 him seventy-eight days to reach ,new   
,york from ,england1 and four months to 
go from ,new ,york to ,china4 ,hunter   
,corbett1 of ,china1 who was six months 
on his way the first time he took the   
trip1 made the journey a few months ago 
in twenty-one days4 ,it is now possible 
to go from ,peking to ,london in twelve 
and one-half days over the              
,trans-,siberian ,railroad4 ,a recent   
journey around the world was made in    
less than thirty-six days4 ,when ,jules 
,verne published ,around the ,world in  
,eighty ,days1 the journey described was
 laughed at as an impossible feat4      
,to-day it is possible to circle the    
globe in less than one half the time of 
which ,jules ,verne wrote in his book4  
,it took the old ,greeks forty days to  
go the length of the ,mediterranean ,sea
 in their swiftest triremes4 ,the       
greatest stretch of open water in the   

world is #aj1jjj miles in the ,pacific  
,ocean4 ,there are vessels afloat to-day
 that can traverse the #aj1jjj miles in 
one half the time that it took the old  
,greeks to go the length of the         
,mediterranean ,sea4  #b4 ,the nations  
of the earth are accessible because of  
changed sentiment4  ,there are to-day no
 lands in the world which are closed    
entirely to modern influence and only a 
few which do not at least tolerate the  
,christian missionary with his advanced 
ideas of civilization and progress4 ,it 
is difficult to estimate the amazing    
changes in sentiment in lands where     
missionaries have been at work even for 
a generation1 as in ,korea1 or for a    
century or more1 as in ,india or ,china4
  ,it is unthinkable that there should  
ever be another ,chinese wall shutting  
out all world contact4 ,edicts in force 
as late as #ahgj ordering the death of  
,christians in ,japan are now exhibited 
only as relics of a buried past4 ,the   
twentieth century is making hermit      

nations impossible4  #c4 ,a mental      
attitude has been created in the        
non-,christian world which nothing but  
,christ can satisfy4 ,this may be only  
an indefinite restlessness and          
dissatisfaction with existing conditions
 in many cases1 but it is apparently    
true that the principles of the         
,christian gospel have created an       
altogether new mental attitude in the   
world4 ,it is stated by one of the great
 missionary authorities in ,india that  
there are millions of people in that    
land who are intellectually converted to
 the gospel who have not yet yielded    
personal allegiance to ,christ4 ,this   
mental attitude is an enormous asset to 
the ,kingdom4  ,a ,plastic ,world4--,the
 nations of our day are plastic to a    
degree never before witnessed4 ,heat1   
pressure1 and decay1 are some of the    
forces which make physical substances   
plastic4 ,there are intellectual and    
moral and spiritual forces which produce
 a like effect on men and nations4 ,as  

great heat applied to metal fuses it1 so
 the ideas and forces of the twentieth  
century have fused the non-,christian   
world4 ,pressure1 such as foreign       
aggression1 world commerce1 and modern  
science have helped to bring about the  
present plastic state in vast sections  
of the world4 ,added to these two and   
accompanying them are the forces of     
disintegration and decay in the old     
religions1 old forms of government1 and 
the customs and habits of centuries4 ,in
 itself this present remarkable state of
 the non-,christian world has no moral  
quality4 ,the significant thing is that1
 while nations are in a plastic state1  
they offer special opportunity to put   
the stamp of ,christianity on them      
before they harden again1 and to        
determine the direction their           
civilization shall take by building into
 them the principles of ,christian      
civilization and the ,christian faith4  
,a ,changing ,world4--,one of the most  
impressive evidences that the leaven of 

,christian civilization is at work in   
the non-,christian world is the fact    
that there are wide-spread changes      
taking place4 ,god has been shaping and 
preparing the nations in the interests  
of a world-wide gospel4 ,the extent and 
character of these changes make the     
present the most momentous hour in the  
history of the non-,christian world4    
,the extent of the changes may best be  
illustrated by comparing the present    
awakening with other great historic     
movements of the last two thousand      
years4 ,in naming the epoch-making      
movements of the ,christian ,era the    
following could not be omitted3 ,the    
,renaissance1 ,the ,mohammedan          
,conquest1 ,the ,crusades1 ,the         
,reformation1 ,the ,american            
,revolution1 ,the ,french ,revolution1  
,the ,wesleyan ,revival1 and ,the ,rise 
of ,popular ,governments4 ,on           
examination it is discovered that each  
of these movements was confined to a    
comparatively limited geographical area1

 one or two of the countries of ,europe1
 or certain racial sections such as the 
,anglo-,saxon1 or the countries         
bordering on the ,mediterranean ,sea1   
or1 as in the case of the ,american     
,revolution1 ,england and ,america4     
,while these movements were all of      
far-reaching significance they affected 
directly only a few countries4 ,but     
to-day all ,asia is awake1 ,africa is   
stirring with life as never before1 and 
the ,south ,american lands are in the   
midst of a period of commercial activity
 and of progress unparalleled4 ,instead 
of a limited area millions of square    
miles are in the midst of far-reaching  
changes4  ,the great awakenings of the  
last twenty centuries influenced        
directly only a few millions of people  
in contrast with the awakening of to-day
 which affects ,,three ,,fourths ,,of   
,,the ,,human ,,race4 ,from the         
standpoint of the vast populations      
involved as well as of the immense      
territory affected the world has never  

seen an awakening of such magnitude as  
that which is taking place in our time4 
,in character also the present movement 
is eclipsing all former awakenings in   
history4 ,one of the most satisfactory  
ways of measuring the power of any      
movement is to analyze it in relation to
 the fundamental institutions of        
society4 ,reducing civilization to its  
simplest terms society is built around  
five great institutions4 ,in one column 
the institutions are named1 in the other
 the human relations which each         
represents4      ,the ,home--social4    
,the ,state--political4      ,the       
,shop--commercial4      ,the            
,school--educational4      ,the         
,church--religious4  ,while the         
illustration must not be carried too    
far1 yet in a striking way it is true   
that the great awakenings of the last   
two thousand years have been            
characterized by only one or two central
 and controlling principles4 ,the       
,renaissance was an intellectual        

awakening1 thus changing the educational
 life of ,europe4 ,the ,reformation was 
religious and profoundly influenced the 
,church4 ,the ,rise of ,popular         
,governments was political and began a  
new era for the state4 ,so on through   
the list4 ,by way of contrast1 we are   
to-day in the midst of an awakening     
which radically affects all these       
fundamental institutions of society4 ,in
 ,china1 for example1 a movement is in  
progress which is not simply affecting  
the state1 or the social life1 or the   
religious character of the people1 but  
is transforming all five of the         
fundamental institutions of life4 ,as   
,dr4 ,j4 ,e4 ,williams1 of ,nanking     
,university1 puts it3 ,if we could      
conceive of the ,renaissance of learning
 after the dark ages1 the interest in   
literature that came with the study of  
,latin and ,greek1 and the awakening of 
thought that followed upon the discovery
 of new worlds--material and            
intellectual--and then add to this the  

new forces of the ,reformation1 the     
reconstruction of men's moral and       
religious ideas and ideals and the      
recovery of the right of the individual 
conscience1 and if to these we could    
conceive as added the ,french           
,revolution--the break-up of all that   
men had regarded as final in social and 
political organization2 and if to these 
again could be added the movement of    
modern science1 which began with ,lord  
,bacon's ,novum ,organum--and the       
application of the inductive method in  
the discovery of the forces and laws of 
nature2 and1 if further we could        
conceive of these great forces as       
operating1 not at different times1 in   
different countries1 through a period of
 several centuries1 but as combined and 
concentrated in a brief decade or two in
 one country upon a great people1 we    
should have a more adequate conception  
of the magnitude and significance of the
 present ,revolution in ,china4  ,a     
significant fact is that most of the    

revolutionary forces and agencies which 
have brought about the awakening have   
come from ,christian lands4 ,the most   
powerful single force at work has been  
the missionary4 ,he has carried with him
 the finest ideals of ,western          
civilization1 and has been able in an   
unusual way to bring the latest ideas in
 all realms of life to bear upon the    
non-,christian world4 ,a condition      
exists which ,professor ,ross1 in ,the  
,changing ,chinese1 a book which it will
 pay every man to read1 finely describes
 in the following words3  ,the          
crucifixion was two hundred and eighty  
years old before ,christianity won      
toleration in the ,roman ,empire4 ,it   
was one hundred and twenty-eight years  
after ,luther's defiance before the     
permanence of the ,protestant           
,reformation was assured4 ,after the    
discovery of the ,new ,world one hundred
 and fifteen years elapsed before the   
first ,english colony was planted here4 
,no one who saw the beginning of these  

great1 slow1 historic movements could   
grasp their full import or witness their
 culmination4 ,but nowadays world       
processes are telescoped and history is 
made at aviation speed4  ,all this makes
 it clear that we have come to an hour  
of crisis in the relations between      
,christendom and the non-,christian     
world4 ,what is a crisis but a point of 
time in the history of the human race   
when great issues are at stake1 when    
there is an unprecedented break-up of   
civilizations1 when ,christian nations  
must make great decisions about their   
relations with the non-,christian world4
 ,we find everywhere conditions that are
 passing and that will not return4 ,it  
is the time of all times for men who    
love ,christ to make him known to the   
ends of the earth4 ,the situation is    
summarized in the ,message of the       
,edinburgh ,conference1 in the following
 language3 ,the next ten years will1 in 
all probability1 constitute a           
turning-point in human history1 and may 

be of more critical importance in       
determining the spiritual evolution of  
mankind than many centuries of ordinary 
experience4 ,if those years are wasted1 
havoc may be wrought that centuries will
 not be able to repair4 ,on the other   
hand1 if they are rightly used1 they may
 be among the most glorious in          
,christian history4  ,the ,increase of  
,populations in ,christian              
,countries4--,at the beginning of the   
nineteenth century the entire population
 of the ,united ,states and ,canada was 
only about #e millions2 to-day it is    
#ajj millions4 ,in the same period of   
time the populations of ,europe have    
increased from #agj to #dej millions4   
,during this same hundred years the     
population in some parts of the         
non-,christian world has declined1 in   
others remained stationary1 or the      
growth has been very slow4 ,while the   
birth rate is much greater in many      
non-,christian lands1 the cheapness of  
human life1 the lack of sanitary and    

other conditions for safeguarding life  
greatly increase the death rate4 ,the   
population of the world at the end of   
the eighteenth century was estimated to 
be approximately #a1jjj millions4       
,during the nineteenth century the      
numbers increased by about #fjj         
millions4 ,europe and ,north ,america   
together increased in population by     
nearly #djj millions during that        
century4 ,these figures for the world   
are only estimates but are given by the 
most reliable students of such matters4 
,while exact figures for the            
non-,christian world cannot be given1   
the significant fact is that there has  
been a marvelous expansion of ,christian
 nations within the last one hundred    
years1 far outstripping the expansion of
 other parts of the world4 ,the nations 
which know most of ,christ and his      
gospel have increased in numbers as well
 as in power out of all proportion to   
the rest of mankind4  ,the ,spread of   
the ,english ,language4--,we quote from 

a leaflet entitled ,the ,seven ,wonders 
of the ,modern ,missionary ,world1 by   
,dr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,halsey4  ,the spread of   
the ,english language is one of the     
wonders of the age4 ,the ,english       
language is spoken at the present time  
by nearly #bjj1jjj1jjj people2 each year
 sees large additions to the group of   
,english-speaking peoples4 ,in the      
,philippines more people to-day speak   
the ,english language than spoke the    
,spanish language after three hundred   
years of ,spanish rule4  ,in all higher 
education in ,india1 ,english is        
compulsory2 in the secondary schools in 
,india1 ,english is taught4 ,in ,china1 
the government has made ,english a part 
of the regular curriculum4 ,in ,japan1  
the students are eager to learn         
,english4 ,it is the avenue through     
which the missionary frequently is able 
to reach the educated classes4 ,in      
,syria1 one of the boys in the classroom
 wrote on the blackboard1 ',god is love'
 in his own language1 thirty boys       

followed1 each writing the text in his  
own language2 yet these boys sooner or  
later will all speak the ,english       
language4 ,a speaker at the ,edinburgh  
,conference declared that some          
missionaries read the ,lord's command as
 though it were written ',go and teach  
all nations the ,english language4'     
,macaulay says that whoever knows the   
,english language has 'ready access to  
the vast intellectual wealth which all  
the wisest nations of the earth have    
created and stored in the course of     
ninety generations4' ,the ,english      
language is the language of liberty1 of 
law1 of morals1 of high ideals4 ,the    
,english ,bible1 which has molded       
,anglo-,saxon civilization1 is making no
 small impress on world civilization4   
,the ,greek language became the vehicle 
in which the gospel story was borne to  
the educated world of the first century4
 ,the ,english language seems destined  
in the providence of ,god to be the     
bearer of the gospel to the races of the

 twentieth century4  ,the following     
table indicates the remarkable growth   
during the nineteenth century of the    
,english language as compared with other
 tongues4 ,the estimates are given by   
,mulhall and ,john ,bartholomew of      
,edinburgh and appear in the #aiab      
,world ,almanac4                        
#ahja             #aija    ,french      
#ca1dej1jjj       #eb1ajj1jjj    ,german
          #cj1cbj1jjj       #hd1bjj1jjj 
,italian         #ae1jgj1jjj            
#cd1jjj1jjj    ,spanish                 
#bf1aij1jjj       #df1ejj1jjj           
,portuguese       #g1dhj1jjj            
#ae1jjj1jjj    ,russian                 
#cj1ggj1jjj       #he1jjj1jjj           
,english         #bj1ebj1jjj            
#acj1cjj1jjj  ,in the light of these    
figures the total given by ,dr4 ,halsey 
quoted above is perhaps too high4 ,it   
will be seen1 however1 that the number  
speaking ,german has multiplied nearly  
threefold and the number of those       
speaking ,english six and a half times  

in the century under review4 ,since an  
overwhelming majority of missionaries   
speak either ,english or ,german or     
both1 the significance of the spread of 
these languages is apparent4  ,the      
,geographical ,control of the           
,world4--,one of the most inspiring     
evidences of the widening sovereignty of
 ,christ is that he has passed over the 
control of the territory of the world to
 the ,christian nations4 ,according to  
,gulick's ,growth of the ,kingdom of    
,god1 in #afjj only #g per cent4 of the 
territory of the world was controlled by
 ,christian nations1 but to-day #hb per 
cent41 so that the growth of ,christian 
control has passed in three hundred     
years from #g per cent4 to #hb per      
cent41 while the control of             
non-,christian nations has decreased    
from #ic per cent4 to #ah per cent4     
,the increasing control of the world by 
,christian nations is due in no small   
measure to the fact that they are       
masters of most of the great waterways  

and highways of the world4 ,the ,suez   
and ,panama ,canals and the ,khaibar    
,pass in ,india are striking            
illustrations4  ,in #ahjj1 four hundred 
millions of people were governed by     
,catholic and ,protestant ,christian    
powers2 in #aiab at least one thousand  
millions1 or two and a half times as    
many as were thus governed in #ahjj4 ,in
 #aejj1 there were no ,protestant       
political powers in the world4 ,to-day1 
,england1 ,germany1 and the ,united     
,states rule over about six hundred     
millions of the population of the world4
 ,these three ,protestant powers alone  
now have dominion over more millions of 
people than are ruled over by all the   
non-,christian nations of the world     
added together4  ,the ,mohammedan world 
furnishes a startling illustration of   
this shifting control of the world4 ,a  
few generations ago ,mohammedan         
political and religious control were    
coextensive4 ,to-day over three fourths 
of the ,mohammedans of the world live in

 lands which they do not rule           
politically4 ,the passing of ,mohammedan
 political dominion from ,africa is of  
profound significance for that          
continent4 ,france has extended and     
consolidated her ,african possessions by
 taking ,algeria and establishing a     
protectorate over ,morocco1 which is one
 of the greatest strongholds of orthodox
 ,mohammedanism4 ,italy has now taken   
full control of ,tripoli4 ,only a few of
 the forty or more millions of          
,mohammedans in ,africa are under       
,moslem political rule4 ,italy has      
already begun the construction of #djj  
miles of railway in ,tripoli4 ,in       
,algiers and down through the ,sahara   
toward the ,sudan the steel lines are   
being laid by ,france4 ,god is evidently
 preparing his people for a great       
advance among ,mohammedans4 ,the great  
question now is whether his ,church will
 be equal to the emergency4   ,,ii4     
,,the ,,multiplying ,,agencies ,,of     
,,the ,,kingdom  ,the ,number and       

,growing ,efficiency of ,missionary     
,societies4--,more than two hundred     
years ago ,bartholomew ,ziegenbalg and  
his colaborer ,pluetschau were ordained 
missionaries to ,india in the city of   
,copenhagen2 and two years later1 in    
#agjg1 at ,tranquebar1 the first        
,protestant ,church of the              
non-,christian world was established in 
,south ,india among the ,tamil people4  
,later the great ,schwartz and others   
carried on the work resulting in the    
founding of the missionary work of the  
present day in ,india4  ,at the         
beginning of the nineteenth century     
there were two important missionary     
organizations in ,great ,britain4 ,on   
the continent the ,lutherans and        
,moravians were struggling heroically in
 the carrying on of their missionary    
operations4 ,there were scarcely more   
than a dozen missionary societies       
altogether in the whole world1 either   
well established or just beginning4 ,it 
was a very small and feeble list of     

organizations compared with that of the 
present day4 ,the ,edinburgh ,missionary
 ,conference reported that there were   
#iid missionary organizations in        
,christendom in #aiaj4 ,these have      
nearly all come into existence within   
the century4  ,among the indications of 
increased efficiency the following may  
be named3  #a4 ,unity and ,cooeperation4
 ,it has been well said that ,the three 
dominant notes of our time are unity1   
reality1 and universality4 ,that there  
is a growing spirit of unity in the home
 ,church is illustrated by the way the  
mission boards are cooeperating in the  
work of the interdenominational         
missionary movements1 by the growing    
number of interdenominational           
training-schools for missionary         
candidates1 and by organizations like   
the ,home ,missions ,council and the    
,conference of ,foreign ,mission ,boards
 in which there is interchange of ideas 
and plans and methods among the leaders 
of the home and foreign missionary      

activities4  ,nowhere have ,christian   
unity and practical cooeperation made   
greater progress than in the foreign    
missions of ,american ,churches4 ,in    
several lands there are now conspicuous 
illustrations of the practical working  
of this spirit in the organization of   
union colleges1 theological seminaries  
and training schools and in united      
campaigns of many different kinds4  ,in 
,korea a union hymnal was issued some   
time ago and the first edition of       
#bd1jjj copies was sold within the first
 few weeks4 ,in this same land1 in      
dividing the territory between the      
different missions1 the ,methodists and 
,presbyterians exchanged several        
thousand converts1 and now1 ,korean     
,christians moving from a territory     
occupied by one mission into that       
occupied by another automatically       
transfer their membership to the other  
denomination4  #b4 ,the ,science of     
,missions4 ,modern ,missionary leaders  
are doing much to create an interest in 

and to develop the science of missions4 
,the ,edinburgh ,conference took a great
 advance step when it appointed the     
,continuation ,committee4 ,this         
committee represents ,christendom in    
making a scientific1 continuous and     
united study of missions4 ,the          
,international ,review of ,missions1 a  
quarterly magazine1 is the ,committee's 
organ for reporting investigations to   
the ,christian world4 ,the committee has
 appointed a number of commissions which
 are at work on the various problems of 
missions4 ,their reports from time to   
time are awaited with great interest4   
#c4 ,the ,principles of ,strategy4      
,there never has been a time in the     
history of the missionary enterprise    
when the principles of strategy in the  
promotion of missions were so well      
understood and applied as to-day4  ,the 
,edinburgh ,missionary ,conference      
called special attention to these       
strategic principles and pointed out how
 they apply to the evangelization of the

 world4 ,the application of these       
principles is another evidence of the   
fact that the leaders of the ,church are
 facing in a thoroughgoing way1 not a   
fragment of the plans of ,christ1 but   
his total program for the world4 ,some  
of these principles are quoted here3    
7#a7 ,accessibility1 openness1 and      
willingness to attend to the gospel     
message4 ,during the past ten years the 
people of pagan ,africa have been       
peculiarly ready to listen to the       
presentation of the facts and arguments 
of the ,christian religion4  7#b7 ,the  
responsiveness of the field4 ,korea and 
,manchuria are examples of nations in   
which the people of every community show
 readiness to yield to the claims of    
,christ when presented to them4  7#c7   
,the presence or concentration of large 
numbers of people4 ,obviously1 the      
,chengtu plain of the westernmost       
province of ,china1 with its population 
of #a1gjj to the square mile1 or the    
densely populated valleys of the ,ganges

 and lower ,nile1 should receive        
attention commensurate with the massing 
of the people4  7#d7 ,previous neglect4 
,with a gospel intended for all mankind 
the policy of the ,church should be     
influenced by the existence of any      
totally unoccupied field1 like extensive
 tracts of the ,sudan4  7#e7 ,conditions
 of gross ignorance1 social degradation1
 and spiritual need4 ,christ came in a  
special sense to seek and to save that  
which was lost1 and the history of the  
,christian ,church has abundantly shown 
how the blessing of ,god has attended   
efforts to reach the most unfortunate   
and depressed classes and peoples1 such 
as the ,pacific ,islanders1 the outcasts
 of ,india1 the lepers1 and the         
aboriginal tribes of the ,east ,indies4 
7#f7 ,as has already been made plain1   
the ,church1 while recognizing the      
importance of advancing along lines of  
largest immediate promise1 should1 under
 divine guidance1 direct special        
attention to the most difficult fields  

of the non-,christian world4 ,in the    
light of this principle1 ,moslem lands  
present an irresistible appeal to the   
,church4  7#g7 ,the prospective power   
and usefulness of a nation as a factor  
in the establishment of ,christ's       
kingdom in the world1 and the probable  
weight of its example as an influence   
over other nations4 ,japan is especially
 fitted to become1 in intellectual and  
moral matters no less than in material  
civilization1 the leader of the ,orient4
 ,this attaches transcendent importance 
to its attitude toward ,christianity4   
7#h7 ,the principle of urgency should as
 a rule have the right of way2 that is1 
if there is to-day an opportunity to    
reach a people or section which in all  
probability will soon be gone1 the      
,church should enter the door at once2  
for example1 if there is danger that the
 field may be preoccupied by other      
religions or by influences adverse to   
,christianity4 ,equatorial ,africa in a 
most striking degree is just now such a 

battle-ground4 ,it is plain to every    
observer that unless ,christianity      
extends its ministry to tribes          
throughout this part of ,africa the     
ground will in a short time be occupied 
by ,mohammedanism4  ,increase in the    
,number of ,missionaries4--,not only    
does the expanding spirit of conquest   
express itself in organizations to      
extend ,christianity1 but also in the   
increasing number of lives that are     
dedicated to the service4  ,at the      
beginning of the nineteenth century the 
missionary force was a mere handful4    
,there was not one representative of the
 churches of ,north ,america anywhere in
 the non-,christian world4 ,the         
,buddhist world and the ,brahmin world  
were closed1 and the millions of the    
,mohammedan world were practically      
untouched4 ,the vast regions of ,south  
,america and ,africa were almost        
unknown4 ,to-day there is an army of    
#bd1jjj missionaries1 counting wives1 or
 about #ag1jjj missionary families and  

single missionaries scattered over all  
the continents1 and in almost every     
country of the world4  ,in ,north       
,america the evidence of the growth of  
conviction regarding foreign missions is
 seen in the following record of the    
,student ,volunteer ,movement4 ,in the  
report made by that ,movement every four
 years the following facts appear3      
,number of ,volunteers ,sailed          
#ahih-aijb                              
#ghj    #aijb-aijf                      
#a1jjj    #aijf-aiaj                    
#a1bhf  ,in the year #aiaa the total    
reached was #daj1 indicating the fact   
that the goal of two thousand sailed    
volunteers for the quadrennium is not an
 impossible number to expect to see go  
out before the next convention in #aiad4
  ,illustration3 ,gifts for ,foreign    
,missions #ahia-aiab  ,money ,devoted to
 ,missions4--,one hundred years ago the 
total contributions to the foreign      
missionary enterprise from all the      
,christians of the world amounted to    

about #ajj1jjj annually4 ,to-day the    
regular annual income is over           
#cj1jjj1jjj1 or three hundred times as  
much per year as one hundred years ago4 
,great buildings are being erected at a 
cost of millions of additional capital  
to house colleges and hospitals and     
printing-presses and all other          
institutions necessary for the          
propaganda4 ,in #aiaa these special     
contributions from ,north ,america      
amounted to at least five millions of   
dollars4 ,in all this vast enterprise   
the cost of administration at the home  
base averages only about #h per cent4 of
 the total of the regular receipts4 ,the
 cost of all other big business is much 
higher than this4 ,there are perhaps    
some cases where the efficiency of the  
mission ,boards would be increased if   
more money was spent on the cultivation 
of the home constituency4  ,translation 
of the ,scriptures4--,the ,bible is the 
missionary's book1 and translated into  
the language of the people is an        

indispensable aid to his work4 ,the     
,bible ,societies on both sides of the  
,atlantic have done and are doing a     
magnificent and enduring work the       
benefits of which all the churches are  
reaping4 ,in #ahjj the ,scriptures were 
translated into #ff languages2 to-day   
the ,scriptures in part or in whole are 
available in more than #ejj languages   
and dialects4 ,one of the most striking 
intellectual achievements of the world  
has been made by the missionaries in the
 translation of the ,scriptures1 to say 
nothing of their tremendous contribution
 to science and all the branches of     
knowledge by the reduction of languages 
to writing1 by the translation of       
text-books1 and by the publication of   
many other books in the vernaculars4    
,when it is remembered that the         
,edinburgh ,conference declared that    
there are #hdc languages and dialects in
 ,africa alone and that only about #ajj 
of them have been reduced to writing1 a 
glimpse is given of the magnitude of the

 intellectual task remaining before the 
battle is won4 ,the difficulties have   
been very great4 ,milne1 a colaborer of 
,morrison1 has this to say regarding the
 learning of the ,chinese language3  ,to
 learn ,chinese is work for men with    
bodies of brass1 lungs of steel1 heads  
of oak1 hands of spring steel1 eyes of  
eagles1 hearts of apostles1 memories of 
angels1 and lives of ,methuselah6       
,,iii4 ,,signs ,,of ,,world-,,wide      
,,victory  ,progress by                 
,centuries4--,the following table used  
by ,gulick in ,the ,growth of the       
,kingdom of ,god1 indicates the onward  
sweep of ,christianity throughout the   
last two thousand years4 ,of this table 
,gulick says3 ,the table does not give  
the number of professed ,christians or  
church-members1 but only the number of  
those who may be fairly said to have    
accepted the ,christian standards of    
moral life whether attempting and       
professing to live up to them or not4   
,the word ',christianity' is used in its

 broadest1 loosest sense4  ,the first   
column includes the period to the end of
 the century named4 ,the second column  
gives the number of millions of         
,christians of all faiths3     #bnd     
century                        #b       
millions    #ajth century               
#ej millions    #aeth century           
#ajj millions    #ahth century          
#bjj millions    #aith century          
#ejj millions  ,a glance at these       
figures reveals the following inspiring 
facts4  ,the number of ,christians      
reported at the end of ten centuries was
 doubled in the next five centuries4    
,the total was doubled again in the next
 three hundred years4 ,at the end of the
 nineteenth century the number was two  
and a half times as great as at the end 
of the previous eighteen centuries4     
,recent ,victories4--,while the survey  
of the progress of the kingdom by       
centuries just given is inspiring1      
recent years have witnessed an          
unprecedented response to the ,christian

 appeal4  ,looking at ,america first we 
discover that one hundred years ago     
there were #cfd1hgb communicant members 
of the ,protestant churches out of a    
population of #e1cje1ibe1 or one in     
fourteen4 ,to-day one in four of the    
population is identified with the       
,protestant church4 ,these are not      
nominal ,christians1 as in the paragraph
 above1 but actual ,protestant          
church-members4 ,these figures make it  
clear that the forces of aggressive     
,christianity in ,america have realized 
a tremendous return on their investment4
 ,if we include ,catholic and all other 
religious bodies the total communicant  
members reach #cf millions in round     
numbers1 or about two fifths of the     
total population4  ,one hundred years   
ago only one in ten of the college      
students in ,america was a communicant  
member of the ,church2 to-day           
practically every other college student 
is a member of some church4 ,it is      
certainly encouraging that fifty per    

cent4 of that small fraction of our     
population which will furnish an        
enormous percentage of the leaders are  
church-members to-day1 or five times as 
large a proportion as a hundred years   
ago4  ,the situation in the             
non-,christian world to-day is summed   
up1 on the basis of the statistics in   
the chart below1 as follows3 ,it took   
about ninety years to gain the first    
million converts 7#agic-ahhe74 ,the     
second million were added in            
twenty-three years 7#ahhe-aijh74 ,they  
are now being added at the rate of a    
million in ten years4  ,illustration3   
,,world ,,mission ,,progress  ,,gain    
,,in ,,protestant ,,communicants ,,since
 #ahjj ,,in ,,the ,,foreign ,,field  ,at
 the beginning of the nineteenth century
 there was not a single ,protestant in  
,japan1 not one in ,china1 only a few in
 ,india1 and the great non-,christian   
world was practically closed to the     
,protestant missionary4 ,three of the   
five continents of the world were       

inaccessible and a large part of a      
fourth largely untouched4  ,protestant  
,christian work began in ,japan in      
#ahei4 ,in #aiac there are #gc1jjj      
,protestant communicants1--among them   
twelve members of the ,japanese         
,parliament4 ,the influence of the      
,protestant ,christians in the ,empire  
is out of all proportion to their       
comparatively small numbers1 because    
,christianity began with the ruling     
classes in ,japan4 ,there are to-day in 
that one country more ,protestant       
,christians than there were in all the  
non-,christian world at the beginning of
 the nineteenth century4  ,morrison1 the
 pioneer missionary to ,china1 entered  
that land in #ahjg4 ,at the end of      
thirty-five years of effort there were  
only six converts2 at the end of fifty  
years there were less than fifty1 but   
to-day1 according to the ,china ,year   
,book1 there are #aie1ije communicant   
members of the ,protestant churches1 and
 ,dr4 ,timothy ,richard has publicly    

stated that he thinks there are not less
 than two millions of people in ,china  
who accept ,christ as ,savior1 although 
many of these have not as yet united    
themselves with the ,christian ,church4 
,one missionary in ,north ,china        
reported recently that he had seen more 
,chinese accepting ,christ in the last  
nine months than in the previous        
nineteen years of his service in ,china4
  ,in ,korea1 on ,christmas ,day1 #ahhg1
 the first seven men were baptized in   
secret2 now there is a ,christian       
community of #cjj1jjj4 ,there has been  
an average of one convert every hour of 
the day and night since ,protestant     
missionaries entered ,korea4 ,the       
,korean ,christians are an evangelistic1
 self-sacrificing1 ,bible-studying1     
prayer-loving people4 ,the              
training-classes for ,bible study and   
preparation for ,christian work have    
been wonderful in their attendance and  
power4 ,one church has developed into   
five churches in its short history4 ,the

 members of a single church in ,seoul   
preach the gospel in over a hundred     
villages in the vicinity of the city4   
,pingyang was not entered until #ahie4  
,at that time it was said of the city   
that every other house was a wine shop4 
,in the short time since the first      
missionary entered the city such        
progress has been made that it is now   
said of ,pingyang that every other house
 has a ,christian in it1 and that at    
least one sixth of the population may be
 found in the regular church services   
every ,sunday morning4 ,the great       
challenge presented by ,korea is to     
press the advantage at this point in the
 far-flung battle line1 in confident    
expectation that ,korea will be         
evangelized in this generation4  ,india 
furnishes many thrilling illustrations  
of the victorious progress of           
,christianity4 ,on a journey around the 
world two years ago1 a ,christian leader
 saw one church record in the ,baptist  
mission among the ,telugus in which     

there were the names of #ai1jjj         
,christian converts4 ,forty years ago   
there were not more than a half-dozen   
,christians in that section of ,india4  
,uganda in ,central ,africa has made    
great progress since the days of        
,stanley's discovery of ,livingstone4   
,recently an eight-days' meeting was    
held in one of the stations4 ,the       
attendance ranged from #c1ejj the first 
day to more than #f1jjj on the last day4
 ,in the five years ending ,september1  
#aijg1 there was an average increase in 
membership of #f1jjj a year1 and in     
#aiji the total increase reached #h1jjj4
  ,even the ,near ,east which has for   
many years been so comparatively        
unresponsive to the appeal of the       
gospel1 is more ready than ever to      
receive the gospel message and          
especially the missionary school4 ,on a 
visit to the ,near ,east in #aiaa1 ,dr4 
,c4 ,h4 ,patton1 one of the ,secretaries
 of the ,american ,board of             
,commissioners for ,foreign ,missions1  

addressed some inspiring audiences1 in  
one place a multitude numbering three   
thousand4 ,at ,aintab1 the crowd was    
divided into three audiences so that all
 could hear4 ,there was a total         
attendance of four thousand4 ,among many
 other encouraging signs ,dr4 ,patton   
found forty sons of pashas and members  
of the ,turkish parliament in one       
school4 ,where a very few years ago     
there were hatred and hostility1 there  
is now not only toleration but in many  
places a growing spirit of welcome to   
the ,christian school and the ,christian
 missionary4  ,these examples are       
typical of a world-wide response to the 
gospel never known before4 ,the simplest
 and most evident proof of the widening 
sovereignty of ,christ in the world is  
the number of those who are uniting     
themselves with the ,christian ,church4 
,it is an inspiring record1 but only the
 beginning of the indications that the  
kingdom of ,god is spreading over all   
the earth4  ,the ,native                

,church4--,further progress is indicated
 when it is remembered that there are   
now about #ajj1jjj native workers in the
 various non-,christian lands4 ,the     
calling forth and training of these     
workers is the greatest and most urgent 
single task on the field1 for the chief 
hope of ,christianizing the world is in 
the multiplication of the numbers and   
the increasing of the efficiency of the 
native workers in all non-,christian    
countries4  ,powerful native leaders are
 arising in many lands4 ,this is a most 
heartening evidence of the progress of  
,christianity4 ,men like the ,hon4 ,t4  
,h4 ,yun1 the statesman1 of ,korea1     
,ding ,li ,mai1 the evangelist1 of      
,china1 ,bishop ,v4 ,s4 ,azariah of     
,india1 and the late ,bishop ,honda of  
,japan are the type of leaders who may  
well inspire hope in the success of     
,christianity in the lands from which   
they come4 ,native leaders are in the   
forefront of the great social and moral 
reforms and evangelistic campaigns among

 their people4 ,the dependence of ,china
 upon her ,christian leaders in this    
present hour of great crisis has thrown 
a great light upon the value of         
,christian institutions and teachings4  
,the sacrificial giving of the native   
,church is a revelation of the great    
depth and sincerity of their ,christian 
life4 ,dr4 ,alva ,w4 ,taylor in his very
 valuable recent book1 ,the ,social     
,work of ,christian ,missions1 calls    
attention to the fact that in ,china1   
while the membership of the ,protestant 
,church has increased eleven times in   
thirty years1 the rate of native giving 
has increased thirty times4  ,every land
 has a contribution to make before there
 can be a complete interpretation of    
,christianity4 ,christendom is as yet   
only beginning to realize what          
enrichment of life is to come from      
,africa and the ,east1 from ,mohammedan 
lands and the islands of the seas1 when 
the living energies of ,christ have been
 brought to bear adequately upon their  

life4  ,humanitarian                    
,institutions4--,one hundred years ago  
there was not one hospital or trained   
physician in the non-,christian world2  
to-day there are #fge hospitals2 and    
#h1jjj1jjj treatments in these hospitals
 were reported in a single recent year4 
,the relief of suffering1 the prevention
 and cure of contagious diseases1 the   
successful war against plague1 asylums  
for the insane and blind1 for the deaf1 
homes for lepers and consumptives1      
rescue homes1 prison work1 famine       
relief--all these are recent forms of   
,christian service and are rapidly      
extending4  ,social ,reconstruction and 
,progress4--,dr4 ,s4 ,m4 ,zwemer has    
well said1 ,fifty years ago in the study
 of missions the emphasis was on        
theology1 to-day it is on sociology4    
,the expanding influence of ,christ in  
the world is not only shown by the      
statistical evidences of the growth of  
the missionary enterprise1 but there are
 also certain large and general aspects 

of the case which must not be           
overlooked4 ,volumes have been written  
on the subject of humane progress1 such 
as ,gesta ,christi1 ,a ,history of      
,humane ,progress1 by ,c4 ,loring       
,brace1 and ,christian ,missions and    
,social ,progress1 by ,j4 ,s4 ,dennis4  
,but two of these humane ideas are      
enlarged upon here4  #a4 ,the growth of 
the idea of liberty4 ,the freedom of the
 masses is possible only in those lands 
where ,christ is known4 ,from the days  
when the influence of the ,christians   
put a stop to the sacrifices and        
gladiatorial combats in ,rome to the    
wiping out of human slavery among all   
the civilized nations of modern times is
 an inspiring record of the expansion of
 the ,christian spirit of liberty4 ,dr4 
,josiah ,strong says ,at the end of the 
eighteenth century slaves were held in  
,russia1 ,prussia1 ,austria1 ,scotland1 
in ,british1 ,french1 and ,spanish      
colonies1 and in ,north and ,south      
,america4 ,to-day no reputable          

,christian nation tolerates slaves4  #b4
 ,the elevation of womanhood4 ,wherever 
,christ's ideas of the sacredness and   
value of womanhood have penetrated1     
women have risen to a place of power4   
,christ found woman the plaything and   
drudge of man or worse and has lifted   
her up to be a queen in the home and a  
powerful influence in society4 ,to a    
gentleman who asked a woman in ,turkey  
what her life was like she replied1 ,our
 life is hell4 ,let her answer stand for
 the life of millions upon millions of  
women and girls where the purity and    
love of ,christ are unknown4  ,in the   
introduction to ,gesta ,christi1 ,a     
,history of ,humane ,progress by ,brace1
 the following summary is given3  ,there
 are certain practises1 principles1 and 
ideals--now the richest inheritance of  
the race--that have been either         
implanted or stimulated or supported by 
,christianity4  ,they are such as these3
 regard for the personality of the      
weakest and poorest2 respect for women2 

the absolute duty of each member of the 
fortunate classes to raise up the       
unfortunate2 humanity to the child1 the 
prisoner1 the stranger1 the needy1 and  
even the brute2 unceasing opposition to 
all forms of cruelty1 oppression1 and   
slavery2 the duty of personal purity and
 the sacredness of marriage2 the        
necessity of temperance2 the obligation 
of a more equitable division of the     
profits of labor1 and of greater        
cooeperation between employers and      
employed2 the right of every human being
 to have the utmost opportunity of      
developing his faculties1 and of all    
persons to enjoy equal political and    
social privileges2 the principle that   
the injury of one nation is the injury  
of all1 and the expediency and duty of  
unrestricted trade and intercourse      
between all countries2 and finally and  
principally1 a profound opposition to   
war1 a determination to limit its evils 
when existing1 and to prevent its       
arising by means of international       

arbitration4  ,ideals1 principles1 and  
practises such as these are among the   
best achievements of history4  ,the     
,conclusion of the ,whole               
,matter4--,under the weight of this mass
 of proof we may accept the             
interpretation of history given in      
,isaiah xiv4 #bf-bg4 ,he is answering   
that question which has challenged      
thinkers in all ages1 ,what is the      
vocation of the nations8 ,isaiah        
concludes that all nations have a place 
in ,god's purpose and that all peoples  
contribute to his plan4  ,this is the   
purpose that is purposed upon the whole 
earth2 and this is the hand that is     
stretched out upon all the nations4 ,for
 ,jehovah of hosts hath purposed1 and   
who shall annul it8 and his hand is     
stretched out and who shall turn it     
back8  ,no man who is willing to accept 
the facts which have been stated can    
escape the conviction that ,christ is   
possessing the world in an unmistakable 
way4 ,although there are still great    

battles to be fought out1 and problems  
to be solved1--greater probably than men
 have ever grappled with in the history 
of the world1--the final issue cannot be
 in doubt4 ,in the midst of all the     
disturbing forces1 when many leaders are
 bewildered by the swiftly moving scenes
 incident to the transformation of great
 and ancient civilizations1 at a time   
when the cries of race and clan are     
deafening and when there is a struggle  
between age-long forces on a gigantic   
scale never before witnessed1 serene and
 confident of the outcome moves our     
,christ4  ,as ,mr4 ,robert ,e4 ,speer   
puts it1 ,christianity is moving out    
over the earth with ever-enlarging      
agencies1 with ever-increasing success1 
and with open and undiscouraged purpose 
to win the world4  ,with the change of a
 single phrase we may join in the song  
of ,christ's triumph which ,longfellow  
left as an inspiring heritage to the    
world4      ,and him evermore ,i behold 
,walking in the midst of the world1     

,through the cornfield's waving gold1   
,in hamlet1 in wood1 and in wold1       
,by the shores of the beautiful sea1    
,he toucheth the sightless eyes2        
,before him the demons flee2     ,to the
 dead he saith3 ,arise6     ,to the     
living3 ,follow me6     ,and that voice 
still soundeth on1     ,from the        
centuries that are gone1     ,to the    
centuries that shall be4   ,,for        
,,additional ,,reading ,,and ,,for      
,,reference       ,edinburgh ,conference
 ,report 7#i volumes74 ,missionary      
,education      ,movement1 #aef ,fifth  
,avenue1 ,new ,york4 #e4jj4       ,world
 ,atlas of ,christian ,missions4        
,student ,volunteer ,movement1      #fjj
 ,lexington ,avenue1 ,new ,york1 #d4jj4 
,the ,statesmen's ,year ,book1 #aiac4   
,macmillan ,company1 #fd ,fifth         
,avenue1 ,new ,york4 #c4dj4             
,taylor1 ,alva ,w4 ,the ,social ,work of
 ,christian ,missions4 ,the             
,foreign ,christian ,missionary         
,society1 ,cincinnati4 #j4ej4           

,gulick1 ,sidney ,l4 ,the ,growth of the
 ,kingdom of ,god4 ,fleming ,h4         
,revell ,co41 #aeh ,fifth ,avenue1 ,new 
,york4 #a4jj4       ,brace1 ,charles    
,loring4 ,gesta ,christ1 ,a ,history of 
,humane      ,progress4 ,george ,h4     
,doran1 #be ,west #cbnd ,street1 ,new   
,york4 #a4jj4       ,ross1 ,e4 ,a4 ,the 
,changing ,chinese4 ,the ,century       
,company1 #cc ,east      #agth ,street1 
,new ,york4 #b4dj4       ,dennis1 ,james
 ,s4 ,christian ,missions and ,social   
,progress 7#c      volumes74 ,fleming   
,h4 ,revell ,co41 #aeh ,fifth ,avenue1  
,new ,york4      #f4be4       ,dennis1  
,james ,s4 ,commerce and ,missions 7,a  
,pamphlet74 ,laymen's      ,missionary  
,movement1 #a ,madison ,avenue1 ,new    
,york4 #e cents4       ,goucher1 ,john  
,f4 ,growth of the ,missionary ,concept4
 ,eaton  ,mains1      #aej ,fifth       
,avenue1 ,new ,york4 #j4ge4             
,,chapter ,,ii  ,,the ,,challenge ,,of  
,a ,,great ,,task   ,one of the best    
tests of the measure of a man is in his 

relation to great forces and            
opportunities and tasks4 ,a small man   
will either be unconscious of their     
presence and significance1 or will be   
overwhelmed by them1 and therefore      
inactive or inefficient4 ,on the other  
hand a man who is really alive will     
rejoice that it is given to him to      
relate himself to life's greatest forces
 and opportunities and tasks4  ,it would
 be difficult to conceive of any        
combination of human and divine         
energies1 of golden opportunities and   
inspiring tasks1 comparable with those  
centering in the world-wide propagation 
of ,christianity4 ,in our day more men  
are undertaking with relentless courage 
the whole program of ,christ than ever  
before1 notwithstanding its immensity1  
its bewildering complexity1 and its     
taxing difficulty4 ,the first long step 
toward a solution of the missionary     
problem is this willingness to face the 
total issues involved without reserve   
and without fear4  ,the following pages 

present a condensed and swift survey of 
the unfinished task of the ,church of   
,christ4 ,the size of the task is       
sketched in its bold outlines4 ,in this 
chapter is heard the cry that is flung  
out across the world to every ,christian
 man4 ,it is a cry of neglect and need1 
of urgency and crisis1 the united voice 
of multitudes among whom the forces of  
the new age are battling for mastery4   
,the limits of the chapter make it      
impossible to discuss many important    
features of the missionary task1 such as
 the social evils of the non-,christian 
world1 the inadequacy of the vast       
religious systems to meet the deepest   
needs of mankind1 the strength of the   
customs of centuries1 and many more4    
,the reader is referred to the books    
listed at the close of this chapter for 
a discussion of these elements of the   
problems4 ,these pages will give but a  
glimpse of the task but enough surely to
 strike a high note of summons to every 
man to whom ,christ is indispensable to 

make ,christ known to all other men in  
the world to whom he is also            
indispensable4  ,the ,unity of the      
,race4--,in this survey it will be of   
great value to remember that ,god made  
of one every nation of men 7,acts xvii4 
#bf74 ,the unity of the race is a great 
and solemnizing truth4 ,men can not be  
classified by the color of their skin or
 their language4 ,it is impossible for a
 scientist to tell the difference       
between the blood of an ,arab1 a        
,chinese1 and an ,englishman4 ,sin is   
not a heathen characteristic1 it is a   
human characteristic4 ,if the gospel had
 gone eastward instead of westward      
civilization would have traveled that   
way4 ,as we speak about the backward    
races let us remember that the chief    
difference between them and us is that  
we have ,christ and they have him not4  
,explanation of ,terms4--,it is         
essential that the meaning of three     
terms which are current in the          
literature and discussion of missions be

 understood before we proceed4 ,these   
terms are1 the evangelization of the    
world1 the naturalization of            
,christianity1 and the ,christianization
 of the world4 ,what do these terms     
mean1 and whose task is indicated by    
each8  ,the ,evangelization of the      
,world4--,this phrase means the giving  
of every person in the world an adequate
 opportunity to know and receive ,jesus 
,christ4 ,this is the present and urgent
 task of all ,christians4 ,it is a      
universal obligation organic in the     
gospel4 ,by this we do not mean simply  
giving the message of ,christ once in   
the hearing of all men4 ,that is not    
adequate4 ,there must be repeated       
instruction in the gospel1 until the    
need of ,christ is made clear and       
influence brought to bear upon the will 
so that an intelligent decision to      
accept and follow ,christ is made       
possible4 ,many will reject the message1
 no doubt1 but the responsibility of    
,christians to any man is not discharged

 until that man has had opportunity to  
know and receive ,jesus ,christ4        
,wherever there are belated countries   
and races1 or religions that do not meet
 the deepest needs of mankind1 wherever 
there is no adequate opportunity to     
enjoy the deliverance from sin1 the     
freedom1 the intelligence1 the purity1  
the safety1 the justice and equality1   
the rewards of honest labor1 which the  
gospel of ,christ brings1 it is the duty
 of those who possess all these to pass 
them on to others4  ,the ,naturalization
 of ,christianity4--,by the             
naturalization of ,christianity in a    
country is meant the permanent planting 
of the ,christian ,church and ,christian
 institutions in that land4 ,when a     
foreigner becomes a naturalized         
,american he must meet certain          
educational and financial requirements  
and take the oath of allegiance to the  
,united ,states1 in return for which he 
is guaranteed the privileges and rights 
of citizenship4 ,the process of         

,americanization is not completed by    
this act of naturalization2 it is only  
well begun4 ,many years are required to 
thoroughly assimilate the spirit of our 
institutions and life4 ,naturalization  
is a first not a final process1         
,americanization is the goal4           
,christianity may be said to be         
naturalized in a land when the native   
,church has reached the point where it  
is capable of governing and supporting  
itself and of completing the work of    
evangelizing the country4 ,therefore the
 naturalization of ,christianity is the 
joint task of the foreign missionary and
 the native ,christian ,church4 ,in the 
process the foreign missionary must     
decrease1 as the native ,church         
increases4  ,the ,christianization of   
the ,world4--,this involves the         
application of the principles of the    
gospel to the total life of mankind4 ,in
 a strict sense this is not yet true in 
any country4 ,there are of course many  
countries where the evangelization of   

the people is being vigorously carried  
out and the naturalization of           
,christianity is without question2 but  
the complete redemption of society is   
not yet a fact4 ,this final stage in the
 missionary enterprise is the task of   
the native ,church in each land4 ,there 
will still be fellowship with the       
,church in all lands and interchanges of
 ideas and service4 ,there will no doubt
 be greater unity than ever1 but the    
final responsibility rests with the     
naturalized ,church in each land to     
complete the ,christianizing task4      
,while the definitions given must not be
 interpreted too strictly1 since the    
processes overlap and there is no       
absolutely sharp line of distinction    
between them1 in general it is true that
 it is the duty of each generation of   
,christians to evangelize its own       
generation2 it is the joint duty of     
,christendom and the native ,church to  
naturalize ,christianity in every land  
and among all races1 and it is the task 

of the native ,church in each land to   
press with all possible urgency the     
,christianization of the country4       
,evangelization and naturalization are  
the immediate aim3 ,christianization the
 final aim of the ,church of ,christ in 
the world4  ,i4 ,,america',s ,,home     
,,problem  ,a primary missionary        
obligation is to purify the fountains   
out of which the missionary streams     
flow4 ,unless there is a genuine        
,christian civilization in ,america the 
impact of ,america on the non-,christian
 world will not be life-giving4 ,as ,dr4
 ,love well says1 in ,the ,mission of   
,our ,nation3  ,the man who minimizes   
the importance of any department of     
missions leaves himself without ground  
for the strongest appeal for any        
department of missions4  ,we shall never
 be able to develop a great conscience  
concerning any one department of our    
missionary work1 except we develop a    
great conscience concerning it all4     
,though he may not think so himself1 a  

man whose appeal is wholly for foreign  
missions may be as truly provincial as  
one who is all for home missions1 for   
his field does not comprehend the whole 
world4  ,no man who has candidly studied
 the home problems in ,canada with all  
their significance to the future of the 
,dominion1 and the splendid way in which
 the ,canadian leaders are seeking to   
solve those problems can talk lightly of
 the task there4 ,the total immigration 
to ,canada in #aiaj-aa was the largest  
in its history1--#caa1jhd4 ,while the   
large majority were from ,england and   
the ,united ,states1 the total included 
representatives of #fd nationalities4   
,the ,bible has been called for in #aaj 
languages in the ,dominion4 ,there are  
about #ijj1jjj ,protestant ,church      
members out of a total population of    
#g1bjj1jjj4 ,the ,catholic ,church      
claims #b1ech1cgd members4 ,there are   
about #c1jjj1jjj ,french ,canadians4    
,montreal has #gj1jjj foreigners2       
,winnipeg1 #ej1jjj4 ,there are #ab1jjj  

,orientals in ,vancouver4 ,the great    
western provinces have all the problems 
of the frontier4  ,looking at the       
situation in the ,united ,states we are 
confronted with the fact that there are 
#cd1gif1jgg people over ten years of age
 who are outside the membership of all  
the churches4 ,that in itself           
constitutes an enormous spiritual       
opportunity and responsibility4 ,tens of
 thousands of these people are unreached
 because the ,church has not seriously  
attempted to reach them4 ,recent        
investigations have shown that thousands
 of our country churches are entirely   
abandoned1 and that in large rural      
sections the rising generation is       
practically deprived of all religious   
training4 ,until ,america solves its    
rural and city church problems1 it will 
be greatly handicapped in its world-wide
 missionary operations4  ,there are     
certain neglected and overlooked groups 
in ,american life1 such as the          
,mountaineers of the ,south4 ,concerning

 these sturdy ,southerners1 who are     
serving an altogether too long          
apprenticeship1 and who have remained in
 isolation while modern progress has    
rushed by them1 ,w4 ,g4 ,frost says1 ,i 
expect to see the mountain regions of   
the ,south as peculiar a joy and glory  
to ,america as old ,scotland is to      
,great ,britain4  ,the ,mormon menace is
 appalling4 ,every citizen should read  
,bruce ,kinney's ,mormonism1 the ,islam 
of ,america1 and then do his part to    
eradicate this evil from the land4      
,several millions of illiterate ,negroes
 sorely need education and ,christianity
 if the civilization of the country is  
to be safe4 ,progress in the solution of
 these problems has been great1 and the 
,churches are addressing themselves to  
the task with growing conviction and    
power4  ,the loudest call to missionary 
devotion in the ,united ,states is      
presented by the unprecedented tides of 
immigration from all corners of the     
globe4 ,while ,canada is feeling this   

pressure in an unusual degree1 the      
magnitude of the problem in the ,united 
,states is much greater1 not only       
because of the great numbers but also   
because of the character of the         
immigration4 ,the sheer size of the task
 may be made concrete by comparing the  
numbers of people who have come to the  
,united ,states in the last few years   
with some of the other great migrations 
of history4  ,the leading of the        
children of ,israel out of ,egypt was   
one of the outstanding movements of a   
great population in ancient history4    
,according to the census figures in     
,numbers i4 #df1 there were #fjc1eej men
 of twenty years of age and upwards4    
,some were heads of families but many of
 these were single men1 so that1 if we  
multiply the number given in the ,bible 
by five1 it will probably give the      
approximate number of the entire        
population1 or #c1jag1gej4 ,in the last 
ten years nearly three times as many    
people have come to ,america as the     

number ,moses led out of ,egypt4        
,furthermore1 immigrants to ,america are
 not all of one race as in the case of  
,israel1 but represent a ,babel of races
 and languages4  ,illustration3         
,,religious ,,census ,,of ,,the ,,united
 ,,states  ,,showing ,,proportion ,,of  
,,the ,,population ,,reported ,,as      
,,protestant1 ,,roman ,,catholic1 ,,and 
,,all ,,other ,,church ,,members1 ,,and 
,,proportion ,,not ,,reported ,,as      
,,church ,,members ,,for ,,each ,,state 
,,and ,,territory4 ,,published ,,by     
,,the ,,united ,,states ,,census        
,,bureau  ,the hordes of barbarians     
which overwhelmed ,rome have left a mark
 on ,europe that can never be forgotten4
 ,the size and vigor of the movement    
made a profound impression which history
 cannot outgrow1 and yet ,genseric1 one 
of the greatest of their leaders1 never 
had more than #hj1jjj warriors in his   
palmiest days4  ,there have been great  
successive waves of immigration into    
,china and ,india from the plains and   

the mountains of the north and east1 but
 so far as we have knowledge of the     
numbers they dwindle into comparative   
insignificance when measured by this    
greatest of all invasions4  ,the numbers
 involved in the ,norman ,conquest of   
,england would hardly make a ripple on  
the sea of races and populations        
crowding to ,american shores4  ,the     
,crusades stand out as epoch-making and 
unparalleled up to that time in the     
number of nations disturbed4 ,they      
covered a period of more than a century 
and a half and involved several millions
 of people1 but more men1 women1 and    
children from other lands have come to  
the ,united ,states and ,canada in the  
last six years than swept across the    
face of ,europe in a century and a half 
in the ,crusades4  ,to assimilate and   
,christianize these multitudes is one of
 the supreme tests of the reality of our
 faith and the vitality of our national 
life4  ,the glory of immigration is     
fourfold3  #a4 ,god has written much    

history in terms of migratory peoples4  
,it is the impatient1 unsatisfied1      
vigorous peoples that have made the     
history of the world4 ,if the meaning of
 the past is correctly interpreted1 then
 the blending of these races together on
 a ,christian basis into one united     
people is ,america's superlative        
opportunity to make history4  #b4       
,immigration is compelling ,america to  
study the languages1 the history1 the   
achievements1 the religions1 and the    
characteristics of these multitudes of  
people4 ,such study is imperative in    
order that ,america may adequately bear 
to the incoming millions the deepest    
message of her religion and her ,western
 institutions4 ,this fact in itself     
furnishes an intellectual and moral task
 of transcendent importance4 ,on this   
continent the modern gift of tongues    
must be given if ,america fails not her 
,christ4  #c4 ,immigration is leading   
millions to study the ,english tongue4  
,this is of great importance if the     

multitudes of future ,americans are to  
understand and appropriate the          
principles of democracy and             
,protestantism enshrined in ,english    
literature4 ,the ,german and            
,scandinavian and other tongues will    
contribute to ,america the best they    
possess1 while at the same time they are
 themselves greatly enriched4  #d4 ,the 
mingling races are challenging ,america 
to demonstrate the truth of those       
principles of freedom and democracy of  
which such proud boast has been made in 
days gone by4 ,the principles of        
democracy can scarcely be thoroughly and
 finally tested among people who are of 
the same race and have a common speech  
and who have a more or less common      
purpose4 ,democracy can be adequately   
tested only amid the complexities of    
race and clan1 of diverse speech and    
history4 ,these principles of democracy 
have never been literally applied in any
 large way yet1 but one of ,god's       
greatest challenges to the manhood of   

the ,united ,states and ,canada to-day  
is that literal application of the      
principles of democracy shall be made to
 the whole population gathered within   
their vast domains4 ,here is a call for 
statesmanship and spiritual passion     
worthy of the finest life ,america has  
produced4  ,illustration3 ,,size ,,of   
,,parishes ,,at ,,home ,,and ,,abroad   
,figures ,give the ,number of ,people to
 ,each ,protestant ,minister  ,,ii4     
,,mexico ,,and ,,central ,,america      
,these lands lying to the south are     
,america's nearest foreign missionary   
field4  ,in each case in which the      
number of missionaries is mentioned in  
this volume1 unless otherwise stated1 it
 may be understood to include all       
missionaries1 both men and women1 except
 wives of missionaries4 ,this is thought
 to be fair1 not because missionaries'  
wives are not as devoted as their       
husbands or other workers1 but because  
it is not to be expected that a woman   
with household cares should be          

responsible for the same amount of      
direct ,christian work that is expected 
of other workers on the field4 ,in other
 words1 the family or the single worker 
is considered the unit4  ,the people in 
,mexico are nominally ,roman ,catholic1 
the census returns showing thirteen and 
a half millions of that faith4          
,conditions are difficult for           
,protestant missions4 ,the population of
 ,mexico is more than fifteen millions4 
,among these millions there are #bdi    
representatives of ,protestant          
,christianity4 ,in #ahie more than ten  
millions in ,mexico could neither read  
nor write1 and while conditions have    
improved somewhat since then1 it is safe
 to say that seven out of every ten of  
the population are illiterate4 ,in      
,central ,america1 including ,panama1   
there are #if missionaries4  ,these     
simple facts will illustrate the truth  
that there are still parts of the ,north
 ,american continent inadequately       
cultivated by the ,protestant churches4 

,,iii4 ,,south ,,america  ,the ,south   
,american lands are nominally ,roman    
,catholic4 ,they know considerable of   
the phraseology of ,christianity1 but   
its vital truth has not been largely    
realized4 ,here are seven million square
 miles of opportunity which call loudly 
for the ,christian application of the   
,monroe doctrine4 ,while the majority of
 the people are of ,european blood 7if  
we do not count the unknown numbers of  
millions of ,indians71 every principle  
of justice indicates ,north ,america's  
obligation to hasten the redemption of  
,south ,america4 ,these lands followed  
the example of the ,united ,states in   
adopting the republic as their ideal of 
government4 ,they have not hitherto     
enjoyed our religious freedom along with
 our republican form of government4     
,free government cannot be fully and    
permanently enjoyed by any people       
without actual religious liberty4       
,freedom of conscience produces the     
intelligence and virtue essential to a  

democracy4 ,the ,south ,american lands  
have lacked such freedom4 ,this in      
itself constitutes a real challenge to  
the faith of ,north ,american           
,christians4  ,a brief glimpse of two or
 three of the lands will indicate the   
character of the problem a little more  
clearly4  ,brazil1 the greatest of the  
,south ,american lands1 about #b1gjj    
miles in extent from east to west and   
fully the same from north to south1 with
 an area nearly as great as the entire  
continent of ,europe1 has1 according to 
the ,statesman's ,year ,book1 a         
population of more than twenty-three    
millions or nearly one half of the      
population of the continent4 ,its great 
forests and mineral wealth are but      
little used4 ,according to the ,world   
,atlas of ,christian ,missions1 there is
 but one ,protestant mission station    
near the mouth of the ,amazon ,river and
 not a single missionary in all the vast
 territory through which that river and 
most of its tributaries flow4 ,algot    

,lange1 who has spent many months       
exploring the ,amazon ,basin1 says there
 are #cgc tribes speaking a variety of  
languages in the ,amazon territory4     
,these are practically all unreached by 
the gospel4 ,the mission stations are   
scattered along the coast with very few 
in the interior4 ,the majority of the   
missionaries are within three or four   
hundred miles of ,rio ,janeiro4         
,eighty-five per cent4 of the population
 is reported illiterate4  ,bolivia1     
which is fourteen times as large as the 
,state of ,new ,york1 has only sixteen  
workers1 counting wives1 so that each   
worker in ,bolivia has a parish larger  
than the entire ,state of ,pennsylvania4
 ,the same proportion would give five   
workers to the ,province of ,quebec4    
,since these words were written however 
a party of three new missionaries sailed
 from ,new ,york to enter this field4   
,the ,argentine ,republic is the most   
advanced and prosperous country of      
,south ,america4 ,it has1 according to  

figures given by ,mr4 ,robert ,e4 ,speer
 at the ,rochester ,student ,volunteer  
,convention1 a per capita export three  
and a half times as great as the ,united
 ,states1 one hundred and twenty times  
as great as the ,chinese ,empire and the
 total exports were nearly equal to     
those of the entire continent of        
,africa4 ,the ,argentine ,republic has  
but one worker to every #h1gcg square   
miles4 ,the illiteracy of this1 the most
 enlightened land of ,south ,america1 is
 #ej per cent4 of the population4 ,thus 
it is seen that the brightest spot in   
,south ,america has appalling need of   
,protestant ,christianity4  ,looking at 
the problem in the large1 there is in   
,south ,america a population of         
approximately #di1jjj1jjj4 ,in the whole
 continent there are only #hha          
,protestant missionaries4 ,if we omit   
the wives of missionaries from the      
calculations this gives to each worker a
 population of #hc1jej and a field of   
#ab1dej square miles1 or more than nine 

times the size of ,rhode ,island4  ,new 
,york ,state has #db1eeh primary and    
high school teachers4 ,if we omit the   
teachers in the two lands farthest north
 in ,south ,america2 namely1 ,venezuela 
and ,colombia1 ,new ,york has as many   
teachers as all of the ,south ,american 
continent4  ,the illiteracy of the      
,united ,states1 even including all     
those who cannot read or write among    
immigrants and ,negroes1 is only #aj4g  
per cent41 while the lowest per cent4 of
 illiteracy in any country in ,south    
,america is #ej and the highest nearly  
#ij4  ,it would perhaps be a fair       
estimate to say that at least three out 
of four people in the ,south ,american  
lands live where they will probably not 
hear the message of ,christ from        
,protestant missionaries in any adequate
 way in this generation unless the      
,church greatly multiplies its          
missionary agencies in ,south ,america4 
,,iv4 ,,africa  ,there are three        
,africas1 each with its difficult       

problems4  ,christian ,africa is at the 
southern end of the continent where live
 nearly five and one-half million       
people4 ,this is more nearly evangelized
 than any other portion of the          
continent4 ,some notable ,christian     
leaders have been developed in ,south   
,africa1 of whom the ,rev4 ,andrew      
,murray is one of the most widely known4
 ,in ,abyssinia is the old ,coptic      
,church which is without much real      
,christian life4  ,pagan ,africa        
comprises the greatest solid mass of    
paganism on the earth4  ,mohammedan     
,africa numbers at least forty millions 
of population spread over the vast      
regions from the ,equator to the        
,mediterranean ,sea4 ,with the exception
 of ,abyssinia1 ,liberia and ,sierra    
,leone1 practically the whole of ,north 
,africa is under the sway of the false  
prophet and even in the lands mentioned 
the pressure of ,mohammedan invasion is 
rapidly growing more severe4  ,the      
intellectual task on this educational   

frontier of the world is indicated by   
the fact that there are #hdc languages  
and dialects on the continent4 ,the     
,edinburgh ,conference estimated that in
 ,pagan and ,mohammedan ,africa combined
 there are a hundred millions of people 
without a written language or even an   
alphabet of their own4  ,on the whole   
continent of ,africa there are #c1bdd   
missionaries1 each with a parish of     
#c1fad square miles and #df1bci people4 
,there is only a handful of missionaries
 to guard #c1jjj miles of ,mediterranean
 coast from ,egypt to ,gibraltar4 ,from 
,khartum to ,uganda1 along the rich     
,nile valley1 a distance of #a1jjj      
miles1 there are about a dozen          
missionaries4  ,as far as the proportion
 of missionaries to population is       
concerned1 ,africa is much better       
supplied than ,asia1 yet in ,africa     
there are five great blocks of territory
 which are unoccupied and other areas   
with missionaries only around the       
fringes or reaching only a small        

fraction of the people4 ,these areas are
 irregular in shape and the lines       
bounding them have been drawn so as to  
exclude all mission stations4 ,some of  
the people in them no doubt are hearing 
the gospel1 but there are no resident   
missionaries in any of them1 according  
to the maps of the ,world ,atlas of     
,christian ,missions4  ,the smallest of 
these five unoccupied areas is in       
,portuguese and ,german ,east ,africa4  
,it is four times the size of the ,state
 of ,new ,york4  ,a second near the west
 coast1 south of the equator1 has three 
times the extent of ,new ,england4  ,the
 third near the west coast1 south of the
 equator1 would make eight ,states as   
large as ,iowa4 ,in ,iowa there are at  
least #d1jjj ordained ministers1 to say 
nothing of other ,christian workers1 but
 in this block of territory1 eight times
 as large as ,iowa1 there is not a      
single ordained missionary4  ,another   
region1 some distance north of the one  
just mentioned1 without missionaries1 is

 #a1ejj miles long and #ejj miles wide4 
,last of all1 if we omit the mission    
stations on the ,nile and a few         
scattered workers around the fringes1   
there is in the upper half of the       
continent a block of territory nearly as
 large as the ,united ,states but with a
 scattered population estimated at      
fifteen millions1 without resident      
missionaries4 ,starting from the ,nile  
,river1 #a1jjj miles from its mouth1 a  
traveler could go directly westward     
through the heart of the continent      
nearly three thousand miles before      
reaching the next mission station on the
 west coast4 ,if he started at the mouth
 of the ,sobat ,river1 about #b1jjj     
miles from ,cairo1 the nearest mission  
station to the west is #a1ejj miles     
away1 in ,northern ,nigeria4 ,in all    
those weary miles there is not a single 
church spire pointing toward the stars  
or a home where a missionary family     
lives4  ,taking the continent as a      
whole1 there are at least fifty millions

 of people who are not only entirely    
outside the reach but even of the plans 
of any missionary society now at work on
 the continent4  ,v4 ,,asia  ,in ,asia  
live more than one half of the human    
race4 ,accepting the figures of the     
,statesman's ,year ,book1 the population
 of the world is #a1fih1eeb1bjd4 ,the   
population of ,asia is given as         
#ieh1gha1bcc4 ,of every hundred people  
in the earth fifty-six live in ,asia4   
,of these fifty-six1 forty-three out of 
every hundred live in ,china and ,india4
 ,asia as a whole has #i1jac workers1   
according to the ,world ,atlas of       
,christian ,missions1 each having an    
average parish of #a1gha square miles1  
containing an average of #ajf1cgg       
people4 ,let us survey the continent1   
beginning from ,jerusalem4  #a4 ,the    
,near ,east4--,the ,asiatic ,levant1 or 
,near ,east includes ,turkey1 ,persia1  
and ,arabia4 ,this territory has an area
 of #b1cha1caj square miles and a       
population of a little more than        

thirty-four millions4 ,this region where
 ,christ was born and wrought his mighty
 works is to-day in desperate need of   
his message and life4  7#a7 ,turkey has 
an area of #fic1faj square miles1 and is
 therefore more than eighty-six times   
the size of ,massachusetts4 ,this great 
area has only #b1hcf miles of railroad1 
while ,pennsylvania with one fifteenth  
its area has #ae1dae miles4 ,turkey     
includes ,asia ,minor1 ,armenia1        
,kurdistan1 ,mesopotamia1 ,syria1 and a 
portion of ,arabia4 ,turkey has a       
population of #ag1fhc1eej1 fourteen     
millions of whom are ,mohammedans and   
the rest divided among ,christian       
churches2 a majority of these are in    
,asia ,minor and ,armenia4 ,there are   
only #ced missionaries1 including wives1
 in all ,turkey4 ,the ,mohammedan       
population is practically untouched1    
since a majority of the missionaries for
 political and other reasons have       
devoted comparatively little of their   
time to them4  7#b7 ,persia is nearly as

 large as ,turkey but has not more than 
one half of the population4 ,the country
 extends about #gjj miles north and     
south and #ijj miles east and west4     
,millions of the people are difficult of
 access because ,persia has only six    
miles of railroad1 and political        
conditions have been unfavorable to     
missionary effort4 ,this railroad was   
opened in #ahhh1 and since that time no 
other railroads have been built4 ,not   
only are there no railroads but only a  
few good carriage roads4 ,twelve of     
these cities have a population ranging  
from thirty thousand in ,kashan to two  
hundred and eighty thousand in ,teheran1
 the capital4 ,four of the large cities 
have not been occupied by missionaries4 
,there are eighty-four missionaries for 
the more than nine and a half millions  
of population4  7#c7 ,arabia includes a 
territory #a1ejj miles long by #a1bjj   
miles wide4 ,much of this country is    
only partially explored4 ,the eight     
millions of population are almost all   

,mohammedans4 ,of the six provinces only
 three are occupied by missionaries1 and
 in the coast-line of #d1jjj miles there
 are workers in only four               
centers--,aden1 ,muscat1 ,bahrein1 and  
,busrah1 and not one in the interior4   
,along the #a1ejj miles of ,red ,sea    
coast from ,suez to ,aden1 passing the  
,sinai ,peninsula and the forbidden city
 of ,mecca on the way1 there is not one 
missionary4 ,from ,aden to ,muscat is a 
journey of nearly #a1ejj miles1 from    
there to ,bahrein is #eej1 and ,busrah  
is #djj miles further on4  ,the judgment
 of the ,edinburgh ,conference was that 
at least six of the eight millions are  
beyond the reach of the present         
missionary force4 ,unless there is      
adequate response in ,christendom six   
millions of our fellow beings in this   
one land must lie down and die without a
 knowledge of ,christ4  #b4 ,central    
,asia4--,between the ,near ,east and the
 ,far ,east is ,central ,asia4 ,the     
lands located here are comparatively    

little known1 and in part unexplored4   
,they have an area of #b1gjj1jjj square 
miles1 nearly as great as the ,united   
,states4 ,out of this area we could     
carve fifty-two ,englands1 or nearly    
eight provinces the size of ,british    
,columbia1 or twenty-four countries as  
large as ,italy4 ,the population is     
quite dense in the oases and along the  
rivers1 but in other parts widely       
scattered1 so that the numbers are not  
nearly so great as in the countries with
 which its geographical area has been   
compared4 ,there are1 however1          
#bc1cfh1jjj people4 ,we have here a     
bewildering array of races and          
languages4  ,the most important of these
 lands are ,afghanistan1 ,chinese       
,turkestan1 ,tibet1 and ,russian        
,turkestan4 ,the entire region is       
overwhelmed by the intellectual         
stagnation and moral rottenness of      
,mohammendanism1 except ,tibet1 which is
 the stronghold of ,lamaism1 a corrupt  
form of ,buddhism4  ,in all this region 

there are only three mission stations1  
and not a physician or hospital         
anywhere4 ,it is #b1jjj miles from the  
,moravian station at ,leh to the first  
outpost of the ,china ,inland ,mission  
in ,china4 ,from the last station of the
 ,church ,missionary ,society in ,north 
,india it is #a1jjj miles northward to  
the next missionary outpost4  ,in this  
territory there are some cities of      
considerable size like ,bokhara1 which  
has #aj1jjj students and #cfd mosques1  
but no ,christian church1 and ,tashkend 
with a population of more than #aee1jjj4
 ,there are a dozen or more cities with 
populations reaching from #be1jjj to    
#bjj1jjj4  ,afghanistan is unoccupied by
 ,christian missions4 ,fanaticism and   
hatred of ,christ hold sway everywhere4 
,according to ,dr4 ,s4 ,m4 ,zwemer1 #id 
per cent4 of the people are illiterate4 
,mohammed has swept the field4 ,only    
fearless workers can win this land4     
,tibet is still the ,gibraltar of the   
non-,christian world1 and although a    

line of missionary outposts is drawn    
around it1 in one place there is a gap  
of #a1ejj miles between stations4  #c4  
,india4--,india is the burning heart of 
,asia4 ,it has a genius for religion    
unsurpassed in the world4  ,india has   
been called the ,mother of ,religions4  
,of the four great faiths which were    
born in ,asia1 two came from ,india4    
,india is a menagerie of races and      
languages4 ,according to the ,edinburgh 
,conference ,report there are #adg      
languages in ,india4 ,some of these are 
spoken by only a few people1 but there  
are ten languages1 each of which is     
spoken by ten millions or more4  ,the   
census of #aiaa gives the population of 
the country as #cae1acb1ecg4 ,of every  
hundred people in the world eighteen    
live in this one land4 ,among them there
 are two hundred and seventeen millions 
of ,hindus1 more than sixty-six and a   
half millions of ,mohammedans and       
#c1hgf1aif ,christians4 ,there are ten  
millions of ,buddhists in ,burma4       

,george ,sherwood ,eddy says there are  
four and one-half millions of mendicants
 or holy men4 ,these figures are all the
 more startling when it is recalled that
 the holy men outnumber the ,christians 
by several hundred thousand4  ,the caste
 system makes ,india one of the most    
difficult mission fields in the world4  
,there are #b1cgh principal castes and  
tribes1 but all these are subdivided so 
that there are #ajj1jjj caste divisions 
in ,india and no two of these can       
intermarry4 ,the ,brahmins have #hhf    
sub-castes4 ,of the #add1jjj1jjj women1 
in #aija1 according to the ,statesman's 
,year ,book1 there were #bf1jjj1jjj     
widows1 or one in six4 ,on account of   
the fact that they are not allowed to   
remarry and other hard social conditions
 their lot is pitiable indeed4 ,of these
 widows it is reported there are        
#aae1bhe under ten years of age1 #ai1dhg
 under five1 and #a1jfd under one year  
of age4  ,india has only #c1eee         
newspapers and periodicals of all kinds1

 while the ,united ,states with less    
than one third the population has more  
than six times as many4 ,only about five
 out of each hundred people can read or 
write4 ,of #ci1jjj1jjj children of      
school age1 #bh1jjj1jjj are growing up  
without schooling4  ,india has #e1bjj   
missionaries1 counting wives1 or one to 
every #fj1bic of the population4 ,if    
wives are not counted1 each worker has a
 parish of #ic1ija4 ,the preamble of the
 constitution adopted by the ,national  
,missionary ,society of ,india two years
 ago1 states that only one third of     
,india has been reached by missionaries 
and that one third only partially4      
,there are whole districts1 densely     
populated1 where there is no missionary1
 and in some not even a native          
,christian4  ,in the ,bombay ,presidency
 it is reported that there are thirty   
districts1 each with a population of    
over #ej1jjj1 in not one of which is    
there a missionary or a native worker4  
,in ,sind there are #c1jjj1jjj people   

and only three mission stations in the  
province4 ,in northern ,bengal1 says    
,george ,sherwood ,eddy1 there is only  
one missionary to every two million of  
the population4  ,the problem of        
determining the exact situation for the 
whole of ,india was so complex that the 
,edinburgh ,conference was not able to  
give a definite statement regarding even
 the approximate number of people who   
are not reached1 but considering all the
 facts it seems a fair estimate to say  
that there are living to-day in ,india  
at least #aej1jjj1jjj people largely    
untouched1 none of whom can hope to know
 of ,christ unless the force of         
missionaries and native workers is      
greatly increased4  #d4 ,bhutan and     
,nepal4--,these two wholly unoccupied   
states north of ,india are usually      
overlooked1 yet ,bhutan has a population
 of #bej1jjj1 and ,nepal1 which is not  
quite as large as ,michigan1 has five   
millions of people1 or twice as many as 
there are in that ,state4  #e4 ,french  

,indo-,china4--,this portion of ,asia is
 six times as large as ,new ,york1 with 
a population of about sixteen and a half
 millions4 ,roman ,catholics are allowed
 in all parts of ,french ,indo-,china4  
,in all this region there are but two   
,protestant mission stations1 one in    
,annam and one in ,laos4 ,except in the 
two missions mentioned1 there is not a  
hospital or even a physician or trained 
nurse in the whole territory4 ,the      
attitude of the government has been     
unfriendly to missionary effort4 ,vast  
populations are absolutely ignorant of  
,christ and his gospel4 ,no ,protestant 
mission work is carried on in ,cambodia1
 ,cochin-,china1 or ,tongking4  #f4     
,japan4--,everyone who has studied the  
geography of ,asia has been impressed   
with the strategic geographical position
 of ,japan4 ,this line of islands       
circling the seacoast of ,asia from     
,siberia to southern ,china is truly the
 gateway of the ,orient4 ,the ,japanese 
,christians and some of the missionaries

 have strongly advocated independence   
and also the union of the ,christian    
forces4  ,many think that ,japan is     
largely evangelized1 but one fact will  
make it clear that this is an erroneous 
idea4 ,half of the population of ,japan 
are farmers and have scarcely been      
touched at all4 ,it will be readily seen
 why this is so when it is stated that  
#fj per cent4 of the missionaries are in
 eight cities1 ,tokyo alone being the   
headquarters of #bgi of the total of    
#a1jbi missionaries in the ,empire4     
,these figures include wives4  #g4      
,korea4--,this land1 only slightly      
larger than ,kansas1 was closed to      
foreign influence until twenty-five     
years ago4 ,it has a population of      
approximately twelve millions4 ,there   
are #cjg missionaries1 including wives1 
two fifths of them in the south1 in one 
fourth of the area of the country4      
,korea is a conspicuous example of an   
entire nation divided up among the      
missions at work in it4 ,that division  

is now complete1 and the eight          
denominations having representatives in 
the country each have a clearly defined 
territory4 ,responsibility for every    
foot of soil is definitely assigned1    
although millions of the ,koreans have  
not yet had the gospel preached to them 
in an adequate way4  #h4 ,china4--,this 
is the world's newest and largest       
republic4 ,bishop ,bashford's statement 
is no doubt true that the greatest      
compliment ever paid to the ,united     
,states in its history was when the     
leaders of ,china's new era accepted its
 form of government as their model4     
,according to the ,statesman's ,year    
,book1 the population of the ,chinese   
,empire is #dcc1ecc1jcj1 with an area of
 #d1bgg1agj4 ,if we omit ,india alone   
there are more non-,christians here than
 in all the rest of the world4          
,according to the ,world ,atlas of      
,christian ,missions there are at       
present in ,china #d1aig missionaries of
 all classes4 ,this gives a total of    

#ajc1cjj people and a parish of #a1jah  
square miles to each missionary4 ,all   
the provinces and1 except ,tibet1 all   
the dependencies have some mission      
stations1 yet there are great           
populations which are yet unreached4    
,let us look at two or three sections of
 the problem4  ,sin ,kiang has          
thirty-eight walled cities1 but there   
are missionaries in only two of these   
cities4  ,mongolia1 twenty-four times   
the size of the ,state of ,iowa or six  
times as large as the ,province of      
,ontario1 has but ten missionaries4     
,one's heart is deeply moved as thought 
goes back to the time when ,gilmour     
began his heroic labors in ,mongolia4   
,when he came within sight of the first 
native hut he fell upon his knees and   
thanked ,god for a redeemed ,mongolia4  
,in our time there is need of a thousand
 ,gilmours with the same daring of faith
 and uttermost devotion of life to carry
 the gospel message to these vigorous   
and wonderful people just now emerging  

into the light of modern life4          
,manchuria has a population estimated at
 #bj1jjj1jjj1 but only the southern and 
western portions are occupied at all4   
,one of the missionaries in reporting to
 the ,edinburgh ,conference says that   
two thirds of the population in his     
field have not even been approached4    
,dr4 ,fulton reported to the ,edinburgh 
,conference that within #adj miles of   
the scene of the labors of the first    
missionary to ,china1 ,robert ,morrison1
 there are three counties containing    
some ten thousand villages1 averaging   
two hundred and fifty inhabitants each  
and so near one another that in some    
cases from a central point six hundred  
villages may be counted within a radius 
of five miles4 ,he says that in hundreds
 of these no missionary or ,christian   
preacher has ever set foot4  ,some time 
ago a striking map appeared in ,china's 
,millions1 and is reproduced in ,the    
,unoccupied ,fields1 contrasting        
,england and ,wales with the province of

 ,honan4 ,while conditions have changed 
somewhat since the map was made1 it is  
still sufficiently accurate for         
illustration4 ,on this map are shown    
#a1hdf villages and cities4 ,there are  
#ajf walled official cities1 only       
twenty-six of which have resident       
missionaries4 ,three other large towns  
are occupied as mission stations1 only  
twenty-nine places occupied out of the  
#a1hdf4                                 
,,england ,,and ,,wales  ,,honan        
,area                          #eh1cji  
sq4 miles   #fg1idj sq4 miles4          
,population                             
#cb1ebf1jge 7#aija7  #ce1caf1hjj 7#aija7
    ,ordained ,ministry                 
#cb1hig             #aab missionaries   
7including wives                        
and single ladies7    ,local ,preachers 
#eb1cda             #aei ,chinese       
helpers                                 
7including women7    ,average area of   
parish        #a-c_/d sq4 miles         
#a1ghh sq4 miles4    ,average population

 of parish  #a1jjj              #ibi1chi
  ,the dimensions of the task remaining 
in ,china are sufficiently summarized by
 stating that there are #b1jcc walled   
cities in the ,empire and that only #dgf
 of them have missionaries1 leaving     
#a1eeg of the principal cities          
unoccupied4  ,,summary ,,of ,,conditions
 ,,in ,,the ,,non-,,christian ,,world   
#a4 ,fields ,unoccupied but ,open       
7#a7 ,large portions of ,mongolia1      
,manchuria1 and ,central ,asia          
7#b7 ,many parts of ,africa  #b4 ,fields
 ,unoccupied by either ,protestant or   
,catholic ,missions because ,closed to  
,all ,christian ,work       7#a7 ,tibet 
7#b7 ,nepal       7#c7 ,bhutan          
7#d7 ,afghanistan  #c4 ,fields          
,unoccupied by ,protestant ,missions    
because of ,government ,opposition      
7#a7 ,french ,indo-,china       7#b7    
,french ,possessions in ,africa  ,these 
three lists represent the work yet to be
 begun4  #d4 ,the ,religion ,least      
,reached is ,mohammedanism              

,conservative estimates state that not  
less than #aej1jjj1jjj ,mohammedans are 
not being reached in any adequate way by
 the ,christian gospel4  #e4 ,the ,world
 as a ,whole4 7#a7 ,the ,edinburgh      
,conference ,report says that there are 
#aai1jjj1jjj people in ,asia and ,africa
 who are not even included in the plans 
of any missionary society on earth4 7#b7
 ,there are many more millions--and no  
one knows accurately how many--who are  
included in plans which have not yet    
been carried out4 7#c7 ,in view of the  
facts presented it is probably a safe   
estimate to say that with the present   
forces in the field #ejj1jjj1jjj people 
will pass out of this generation without
 having a fair chance to know ,christ   
and his message of redemption1 unless   
the ,church pours out a princely        
offering of lives and money and prayer  
to give them that opportunity4          
,illustration3 ,,religious ,,census ,,of
 ,,the ,,world  ,world ,population1     
#aiab #a1gjj1jjj1jjj  ,when it is       

remembered that there are such          
multitudes of people who have never had 
a chance to adopt a living creed        
adequate to the facts of life2 that     
there are still whole nations which are 
the habitations of nameless cruelty2    
millions for whom as yet ,christ died in
 vain2 vast regions where there are a   
starless sky1 a bottomless need1 a life 
full of fear and a future without       
hope--this certainly presents a task    
which may well test to the utmost the   
vitality and devotion of ,christendom4  
,one look at the immensity of the       
problem drives us back upon the         
measureless resources of ,god4 ,over    
against the greatness of the task we    
place the greatness of our ,god4 ,he    
alone is sufficient for these things4   
,the great question to be answered now  
is whether or not there have been       
developed in ,christian lands a faith   
and power sufficient for this most      
momentous hour for the human race4 ,the 
supreme question of missions is the     

development in ,christendom of a        
vitality equal to carrying the faith of 
,christ to the last man in the world4   
,is my ,christianity equal to this task8
 ,will the ,christianity of my ,church  
go to the limit of devotion to the plans
 of ,christ8 ,is ,american ,christianity
 strong enough so ,god can anchor a     
planet to ,america without wrecking     
,america8 ,in this great hour you must  
answer and so must ,i and so must the   
,church4 ,accepting the great           
opportunity with an unmoved confidence  
in final victory1 let every man joyously
 put his hands between the ,king's hands
 to follow him forever4  ,some questions
 in parliamentary law are undebatable4  
,having been faced squarely and the     
decision made1 the vote is cast in      
silence4 ,when a ,christian man has once
 understood what the call of ,christ is1
 and what moral and spiritual demands   
that call makes upon men1 the only      
possible attitude which a real man can  
take is obedience without debate4       

,,books ,,for ,,advanced ,,reading      
,carrying the ,gospel to ,all the       
,world4 ,vol4 #a4 ,edinburgh            
,conference ,report4       ,zwemer1 ,s4 
,m4 ,the ,unoccupied ,mission ,fields of
 ,africa and ,asia4      ,student       
,volunteer ,movement1 #fjj ,lexington   
,avenue1 ,new ,york4 #a4jj4             
,barton1 ,james ,l4 ,the ,unfinished    
,task4 ,student ,volunteer ,movement1   
#fjj ,lexington ,avenue1 ,new ,york4    
,dennis1 ,james ,s4 ,social ,evils of   
the ,non-,christian ,world4 ,student    
,volunteer ,movement1 #fjj ,lexington   
,avenue4 #j4ce4       ,moscrop1 ,thomas4
 ,the ,kingdom ,without ,frontiers4     
,eaton  ,mains1      #aej ,fifth        
,avenue1 ,new ,york4 #a4jj4       ,eddy1
 ,sherwood4 ,the ,new ,era in ,asia4    
,missionary ,education      ,movement1  
#aef ,fifth ,avenue1 ,new ,york4 #j4ej4 
,pott1 ,f4 ,l4 ,hawks4 ,the ,emergency  
in ,china4 ,missionary ,education       
,movement1 #aef ,fifth ,avenue1 ,new    
,york4 #j4ej4       ,winton1 ,george ,b4

 ,mexico ,to-,day4 ,missionary          
,education ,movement1      #aef ,fifth  
,avenue1 ,new ,york4 #j4ej4             
,,chapter ,,iii  ,,america',s ,,position
 ,,in ,,the ,,world ,,battle   ,that was
 a great day for the world when the     
,pilgrim ,fathers started on their      
history-making journey across the       
,atlantic to ,america4 ,there is no more
 thrilling scene in the beginnings of   
the history of any nation4 ,a service of
 solemn consecration was held in the    
church4 ,then the immortal company      
marched to the sea led by their pastor1 
,john ,robinson1 reading from an open   
,bible those words in ,genesis xii4     
#a-c1 which must have had a prophetic   
meaning to every man within the sound of
 the pastor's voice4  ,now ,jehovah said
 unto ,abram1 ,get thee out of thy      
country1 and from thy kindred1 and from 
thy father's house1 unto the land that  
,i will show thee2 and ,i will make of  
thee a great nation1 and ,i will bless  
thee1 and make thy name great2 and be   

thou a blessing3 and ,i will bless them 
that bless thee1 and him that curseth   
thee will ,i curse3 and in thee shall   
all the families of the earth be        
blessed4  ,it was a summons across the  
centuries to a new and profound         
application of the principles of        
religion to nation building4 ,the       
conviction burned in their hearts that  
,god was sending them out on a divine   
mission and that they were to found on  
this side the sea a nation which should 
bear an important part in the world     
plans of ,christianity4 ,there are no   
words in the ,bible which have a more   
wonderful meaning in the light of the   
expanding purpose of ,god for ,america  
than these words of commission to       
,abraham which were accepted as ,god's  
commission to the ,pilgrim ,fathers4 ,in
 the days that followed ,god was as good
 as his word and the ,pilgrim ,fathers  
were as good as theirs4  ,there is a    
growing conviction with many leaders in 
,america that one of the central        

features of our religious life should be
 this sense of mission4 ,in the history 
of the expanding ,kingdom1 ,god has     
evidently given to ,america a commanding
 place of leadership and power4 ,this is
 nothing less than a divine appointment4
 ,to have such an appointment as this in
 a time like ours1 from our ,god1 is to 
have a share in a task like no other    
task the world has ever seen4 ,to make  
men see that the redeeming of ,america  
is strategy of a high order is to strike
 a high note of summons to extend the   
sway of ,christ to the remotest bounds  
of our own continent4 ,to hasten the    
time when this conviction shall leaven  
the thinking of ,american ,christianity 
and when this sense of mission shall    
liberate the measureless spiritual and  
material energies of ,america to bless  
the world should be the aim of every    
,christian ,american4  ,what are some of
 the signs that ,america has been called
 to a place of leadership in the        
,kingdom8 ,are there certain principles 

according to which ,god selects men and 
nations for the fulfilment of his world 
purposes8 ,do these principles and      
purposes emerge in ,god's dealing with  
,america8 ,the answer to these questions
 has a deep missionary significance4    
,among the principles which ,god has    
evidently applied in choosing his       
prophets through the ages1 the following
 are unmistakably clear3  #a4 ,,prophets
 ,,are ,,strategically ,,located4  #b4  
,,prophets ,,are ,,chosen ,,because ,,of
 ,a ,,certain ,,fitness ,,of            
,,character4  #c4 ,,prophets ,,have     
,,resources ,,sufficient ,,for ,,their  
,,task4  #d4 ,,prophets ,,remain ,,such 
,,only ,,so ,,long ,,as ,,they ,,have   
,,vision ,,and ,,consecration ,,adequate
 ,,to ,,their ,,task4  ,these principles
 apply to the outstanding prophetic     
figures of all times4 ,amos and ,hosea1 
,isaiah and ,malachi in the ,old        
,testament1 ,paul in the ,new1 ,luther  
and ,wesley in modern times1 all        
illustrate the working of these laws4   

,the principles stated above apply to   
nations as well as to individual men4   
,israel may be taken as an illustration4
 ,palestine was the crossroads of the   
world4 ,israel was centrally located so 
that she had an unusual opportunity to  
influence the known world4 ,her leaders 
had a message and a spiritual insight   
unique in their day4 ,they were a people
 chosen not for privilege but for       
service1 and when in the supreme test   
the nation failed to understand and     
accept its world-wide mission1 ,god was 
compelled to move westward in his choice
 of a new prophetic race to bear his    
message to the world4  ,there is a      
tradition that ,christ died with his    
face turned westward4 ,whether this be  
true or not1 men in these ,western      
lands1 with the missionary principle at 
the center of life1 may well be steadied
 and strengthened by the thought that   
,christ saw across centuries and        
civilizations the new peoples in the    
,west who were to be called to a        

prophet's place in his ,kingdom4 ,at any
 rate the westward movement outlined in 
,acts and later history1 from ,palestine
 to ,europe1 to the ,anglo-,saxon race1 
to ,america1 is an unmistakable         
indication of ,god's plan4 ,for two     
thousand years this movement has been   
gathering momentum for impact on the    
mighty ,east4  ,the ,united ,states and 
,canada are standing together solidly in
 all the great religious and missionary 
movements of our time4 ,in the          
discussions that follow there is no     
thought of minimizing ,canada's position
 of leadership4 ,she has vast dimensions
 and almost unlimited latent resources4 
,her response to the call of world-wide 
missions is inspiring4 ,the national    
missionary policy adopted by the        
,canadian churches at the conclusion of 
the ,national ,campaign of the ,laymen's
 ,missionary ,movement in #aiji set a   
definite goal for the ,dominion which is
 much more nearly realized to date than 
that suggested for the ,united ,states  

by the ,national ,congress in ,chicago  
in #aiaj4 ,these two nations are        
inseparably united in common missionary 
ideals and plans and in a common        
missionary purpose4 ,on both sides of   
the border ,huntington's hymn may be    
sung with real sincerity4      ,two     
empires by the sea1     ,two nations    
great and free       ,one anthem raise4 
,one race of ancient fame1     ,one     
tongue1 one faith we claim1     ,one    
,god whose glorious name       ,we love 
and praise4      ,now may the ,god above
     ,guard the dear lands we love1     
,both east and west4     ,let love more 
fervent glow     ,as peaceful ages go1  
,and strength yet stronger grow         
,blessing and blest4  ,canadians will   
find it easy to apply to their own land 
the principles here stated4 ,some of the
 illustrations are taken from ,canada1  
but of necessity a majority refer to the
 ,united ,states4 ,a pamphlet entitled  
#e1jjj ,facts ,about ,canada1 published 
by ,canadian ,facts ,publishing ,co41   

,toronto1 is illuminating reading4      
,,america',s ,,place ,,of ,,leadership  
,,in ,,the ,,kingdom ,,of ,,god ,,is    
,,indicated ,,by ,,her ,,strategic      
,,location ,,and ,,other ,,geographical 
,,conditions4  ,provincialism has no    
place in true statesmanship1 especially 
the statesmanship of the kingdom of     
,god4 ,it was ,salisbury who1 in the    
,english ,parliament1 took as the basis 
of one of his greatest speeches the     
phrase ,study large maps4 ,it was ,carey
 who said that he received his call by  
studying the ,bible beside the map of   
the world4 ,gladstone had great power of
 discriminating judgment and it was he  
who said1 ,america has a natural base   
for the greatest continuous empire ever 
established by mankind4  ,the strategic 
position of ,america is indicated by the
 following facts3  #a4 ,the ,united     
,states faces the two great oceans4 ,so 
does ,canada1 but with that exception   
there is no other commanding nation that
 has a great coast-line on both the     

,atlantic and ,pacific ,oceans4 ,with   
many miles of coast-line on the east1   
,america looks out toward the           
history-making nations of the past4     
,westward she faces that sea upon which 
look out the eyes of one half of the    
human race where life is all athrob with
 the new awakening4  ,the six great     
naval powers of the world in the order  
of their strength are ,great ,britain1  
,germany1 the ,united ,states1 ,france1 
,japan1 and ,russia4 ,the coast-line of 
the ,united ,states is very extensive on
 both the ,atlantic and the ,pacific4   
,it is surely significant that ,god has 
given ,america control of so much       
coast-line on both oceans and so many   
harbors for commerce and as distributing
 centers for the gospel4 ,the most      
significant thing about our past is that
 we grew out of the best life of ,europe
 and inherit the intellectual and moral 
fiber of the ,anglo-,saxon4 ,one of the 
most significant facts about our future 
is that with three thousand miles of    

coast-line we face toward the ,orient   
where the coming world conflicts are to 
be waged4  #b4 ,the ,united ,states is  
the nearest commanding power to the     
undeveloped parts of the world4 ,the    
great undeveloped regions are the       
,canadian ,northwest1 ,alaska1 ,siberia1
 ,australia1 ,south ,america1 ,africa4  
,all these face on the ,pacific ,ocean  
except ,africa1 and in the aggregate    
,america is nearer to them all than any 
other great ,protestant ,christian      
power4 ,the ,panama ,canal will make the
 nearness all the more significant since
 its completion will bring ,shanghai    
much nearer ,new ,york by boat than it  
is now4  #c4 ,the ,united ,states has   
many great harbors4 ,not one of the     
nations of ,europe has more than two or 
three great harbors1 several of them    
have none4 ,russia is too far north4    
,germany is at a disadvantage because   
she has no direct access to the         
,atlantic4 ,great ,britain commands that
 ocean4 ,the ,united ,states has several

 harbors on the east coast1 and the     
,gulf of ,mexico on the south1 while on 
the west coast there are two of the most
 important harbors in the ,western      
,hemisphere opening into the ,pacific   
,ocean--,san ,francisco ,bay1 where come
 and go the navies of the world1 and    
,puget ,sound1 the ,mediterranean of    
,america1 with its #a1ejj miles of      
coast-line4  #d4 ,navigable rivers4 ,the
 ,encyclopedia ,britannica says that the
 ,mississippi ,river with its branches  
affords #ce1jjj miles of navigable      
waterway4 ,all ,europe has #ag1jjj      
miles1 or less than one half the length 
of the great central waterway of the    
,united ,states4 ,it is no wonder that  
,napoleon said1 ,the nation which       
controls the ,mississippi ,valley will  
be the most powerful nation on earth4   
,there are only two navigable rivers    
flowing into the ,pacific ,ocean in the 
,western ,hemisphere1 the ,yukon ,river1
 navigable for thirteen hundred miles1  
and the ,columbia1 opening into a great 

inland empire4 ,almost the entire       
navigable extent of both is within the  
territory of the ,united ,states1       
although they drain great sections of   
,canada4  #e4 ,isolation from other     
commanding powers4 ,the favorable       
location of the ,united ,states for     
internal development is equaled by no   
other nation in the world1 because of   
the fact that it is separated by many   
thousands of miles of sea from the other
 world powers of our time4 ,great       
,britain1 ,germany1 ,france1 and ,russia
 must continually guard their frontiers 
and are never for a moment free from the
 tremendous pressure of mighty and      
aggressive peoples4 ,our nation has been
 favored with the one great block of    
territory in the ,north ,temperate      
,zone1 capable of vast development and  
with almost infinite variety of soil and
 climate1 remote from other powers4     
,otherwise it might have been necessary 
for ,america to devote her strength to  
defense rather than the development of  

her vast resources4   ,,america ,,has   
,,qualities ,,of ,,character ,,needed   
,,for ,a ,,world ,,task  ,as ,emerson   
has well said1 ,the true test of        
civilization is not the census1 not the 
size of its cities1 nor the crops1 but  
in the kind of men the country turns    
out4 ,leroy ,beaulieu has this to say   
about ,americans3  ,the history of      
nations like the history of individuals 
proves beyond peradventure that no      
economic strength1 no material          
prosperity1 is lasting unless it be     
sustained by real moral worth4  ,moral  
worth1 which includes the recognition of
 duties as well as of rights1           
self-respect and respect for one's      
fellows1 has contributed fully as much  
as the magnificent resources of their   
country to the brilliant success of the 
,american people4  ,of the qualities    
that have cooeperated to elevate them so
 rapidly to such a commanding position1 
the most impressive is a great1 a       
tireless energy4  #a4 ,our debt to the  

pioneers4 ,the early history of         
,american life has many wholesome       
chapters for modern men to read4 ,the   
religious basis of the state was a much 
more evident and vital fact in the life 
of the founders of the ,republic than of
 many modern leaders4 ,quotations from  
the early charters make it clear that   
there was a wonderful religious         
significance in their nation building4  
,this thing is of ,god1 said the ,london
 ,trading ,company to the ,pilgrim      
,fathers4 ,in the name of ,god1 ,amen1  
are the opening words of the ,mayflower 
compact1 and that document ends with    
these words1 ,for the glory of ,god and 
the advancement of the ,christian faith4
 ,the early settlers of ,north and      
,south ,carolina declared themselves to 
be actuated by laudable zeal for the    
propagation of the gospel4 ,america owes
 much to the character and vigor of the 
,german and ,scandinavian elements in   
her population as well as to those of   
,english parentage4 ,no land has had a  

higher grade of founders than has the   
,united ,states4  ,leroy ,beaulieu says1
 in ,the ,united ,states in the         
,twentieth ,century3 ,the ,americans    
have been the product of a selection and
 of a double selection4 ,only the       
boldest1 the most enterprising of men   
have the courage to traverse the sea for
 the purpose of carving out a new life  
in an unknown and distant land4 ,then1  
having arrived1 only the most energetic1
 the wisest1 and the most gifted in the 
spirit of organization succeed in a     
struggle which is more severe1 more     
merciless to the feeble1 in new         
countries than in old ones4 ,thus       
,america1 so to speak1 has secured the  
cream of ,old ,world society4 ,that is  
why the human standard is higher there  
than in other countries4  #b4           
,mechanical genius4 ,in the world-wide  
propagation of the gospel the ability to
 master the forces of nature and so make
 modern progress possible has a place in
 the fitness of character displayed by  

,american life4 ,a large number of the  
modern labor-saving inventions have come
 from ,america as shown by the fact that
 in one of the great ,international     
,expositions five gold medals were      
offered for the greatest labor-saving   
inventions4 ,when the awards were made1 
it was discovered that all of them were 
bestowed for inventions in the ,united  
,states4  #c4 ,the public school4 ,it is
 generally acknowledged that whatever   
may be the faults and imperfections of  
our intellectual life1 the ,american    
public school has demonstrated to the   
world on a larger scale than ever before
 the possibility of the education of the
 masses4 ,japan was quick to see that   
this was one of the secrets of the power
 of ,western nations4 ,nowhere is there 
a more marvelous example of an entire   
nation going to school than in recent   
years in ,japan1 where probably a larger
 percentage of children of school age   
are actually in school to-day than in   
any other country in the world4 ,it is  

generally acknowledged that ,america has
 set the pace for the world in her      
system of common schools4 ,education1   
not ignorance1 is everywhere the mother 
of devotion4  #d4 ,the character of the 
home missionary4 ,the ,united ,states   
and ,canada have produced a great race  
of home missionaries1 such as           
,robertson1 who helped to dot the land  
with ,presbyterian churches1 and whose  
name is a household word in ,canada1 or 
,john ,eliot1 who wrote the first book  
published in ,america1 of whom the poet 
,southey says1 ,no greater man has ever 
been produced by any nation2 ,david     
,brainard1 whose life of prayer has been
 an inspiration to many thousands of    
students of missionary history2 or      
,sheldon ,jackson1 with his eye ever on 
the horizon1 but with practical zeal1   
not only preaching the gospel throughout
 the vast regions of the ,west but      
introducing the reindeer into ,alaska1  
thus making a great economic            
contribution to the blessing of mankind4

 ,these men are typical of those        
intrepid heroes1 who on the prairies of 
western ,canada1 in the mining sections 
of the ,united ,states1 or in the heart 
of great cities1 are the founders of    
empires as well as the builders of      
churches2 as ,dr4 ,c4 ,l4 ,thompson has 
well said1 ,the march of our            
civilization is to the music of our     
religion4  ,when the historian correctly
 interprets the story of national       
progress in the nineteenth century1 he  
will first of all take account of the   
home missionary4 ,no one has helped more
 than he to make the nation great and   
strong4 ,as ,j4 ,wesley ,johnston puts  
it1 ,the home missionary was a founder  
of schools1 a builder of churches1 a    
maker of states1 a signer of treaties1  
an unfurler of flags1 and always and    
everywhere a genuine ,american4  #e4    
,the home of great world movements4 ,it 
must not be forgotten that out of       
,american faith and courage and vision  
were born the most conspicuous          

missionary movements of modern times4   
,the ,moravians and ,lutherans in       
,germany and ,william ,carey and others 
in ,great ,britain blazed the way for   
the modern missionary uprising4 ,in     
,america the movement for world         
evangelization was greatly quickened and
 expanded by companies of students at   
,williams ,college and ,andover         
,seminary4 ,the purpose of these young  
men to carry the gospel abroad when     
,north ,america was not represented by  
missionaries anywhere in the            
non-,christian world1 was at the same   
time a mighty challenge to faith and a  
rebuke to the narrow vision of ,american
 ,christianity one hundred years ago4   
,since that day practically all the     
conspicuous interdenominational         
missionary movements have begun their   
career in ,america4 ,what student of    
missionary history can forget that the  
,student ,volunteer ,movement was born  
in a conference called by ,dwight ,l4   
,moody6 ,this ,movement caused ,america 

to dream of a union of college men      
throughout the world for the world-wide 
propagation of the gospel4 ,the fruition
 of that vision is ,the ,world's        
,student ,christian ,federation1 binding
 together the students of many lands and
 thousands of institutions of higher    
learning4 ,let it not be forgotten that 
,god planted here the conviction that   
missionary education is central in the  
life of the ,church and that ten years  
ago at ,silver ,bay on ,lake ,george1   
began what was then known as the ,young 
,people's ,missionary ,movement but     
which has recently been renamed the     
,missionary ,education ,movement of the 
,united ,states and ,canada4 ,this      
,movement has spread to other lands4 ,in
 ,north ,america alone in the ten years1
 more than one million copies of        
text-books and large numbers of other   
publications have been circulated by    
this ,movement4  ,the latest of these   
evidences of the missionary life of     
,north ,america is the ,laymen's        

,missionary ,movement1 which is now     
organized in fourteen of the principal  
denominations of ,north ,america1 with  
affiliated movements in three others1   
and in six other lands1 with the first  
steps taken toward the forming of three 
additional national organizations4      
,never1 until the ,laymen's ,missionary 
,movement flung out the challenge have  
,canada and the ,united ,states so      
powerfully felt the call to proceed     
seriously to undertake to evangelize    
their share of the world4   ,,america   
,,has ,,resources ,,sufficient ,,for    
,,the ,,task ,,of ,a ,,christian ,,world
 ,,power  ,there is abundance of        
intellectual1 moral and spiritual power 
available4 ,here are great vigorous     
churches with many millions of members4 
,without any thought of minimizing all  
these moral and spiritual resources1 let
 us think of the problem first from the 
standpoint of the sinews of war4  #a4   
,size4 ,bigness is not always to be     
mistaken for greatness1 yet size gives a

 great advantage to a powerful people4  
,there are vast regions of the earth    
that will probably never be inhabited by
 a dense population because they are too
 far north4 ,this fact puts a limit on  
the future population of the ,russian   
,empire that is not true of the ,united 
,states4 ,brazil has a territory nearly 
equal to the ,united ,states1 but it is 
in the tropics1 and it may be           
generations before the vast regions in  
,brazil are opened up to civilized life4
 ,china is the one formidable rival of  
the ,united ,states because of her size 
and enormous resources4 ,it will1       
however1 take a long time to develop her
 powers4 ,the character of the territory
 of the ,united ,states1 capable as it  
is of almost infinite variety of        
agricultural productions1 in a most     
favorable location in the ,north        
,temperate ,zone1 with so little waste  
territory1 may lay claim to favorable   
possibilities1 equaled perhaps by no    
single political unit in the world      

except ,china4 ,in short1 it is not only
 size that counts but a combination of  
great extent with other favoring forces4
 ,if we add together the eighteen       
provinces of ,china proper1 ,japan1     
,european ,turkey1 ,bulgaria1 ,greece1  
,switzerland1 the ,netherlands1 ,spain1 
,portugal1 ,italy1 ,france1 ,germany1   
,austria1 ,denmark1 and ,great ,britain1
 they equal only about the same         
geographical area as the ,united ,states
 exclusive of ,alaska and our island    
possessions4 ,in the countries named the
 census shows a population of more than 
#gjj1jjj1jjj people4 ,a few             
illustrations may be illuminating at    
this point4  ,there are only three      
,states west of the ,mississippi as     
small as all ,new ,england4  ,california
 is three fourths as large as ,france4  
,there are forty millions of people in  
,france1 only a little more than two and
 a third millions in ,california4       
,arizona is about the same size as      
,italy1 and ,new ,mexico is only        

slightly smaller than ,great ,britain4  
,oregon has only #fgb1gfe population    
now1 but if it were as densely populated
 as ,new ,jersey there would be         
thirty-two millions of people in        
,oregon4  ,if the ,united ,states1      
including ,alaska and the island        
possessions1 were as densely populated  
as the island of ,java1 we would have in
 this country one and one-half times the
 present population of the entire globe1
 and yet the ,united ,states would not  
then be more densely populated than     
,belgium4  ,taking the ,state of ,texas 
as an illustration1 if ,france were an  
island and ,texas a sea1 and the island 
were in the midst of the sea1 the people
 on the island would be out of sight of 
land in every direction4 ,counting the  
population of the world as seventeen    
hundred millions1 if all the millions of
 ,africa1 ,asia1 ,europe1 ,south        
,america1 ,north ,america1 etc41 were in
 the one ,state of ,texas1--not a man1  
woman or child anywhere else in the     

world1--there would be only ten to the  
acre6  ,sections of ,america are not    
capable of sustaining a large           
population1 it is true1 but on this     
topic we quote a third time from ,the   
,united ,states in the ,twentieth       
,century3  ,if the dry lands of the     
,west account for one third of the      
#c1jjj1jjj and more square miles of the 
,united ,states1 at least four fifths of
 ,australia and the same proportion of  
,south ,africa are far more barren than 
this arid zone2 three fourths of ,canada
 is unfertile1 or rendered so by cold2  
one half of ,argentina consists of      
steppes or semi-desert country2 and1    
finally1 fully two thirds of the        
enormous ,russian ,empire is            
uncultivable1 either by lack of heat or 
by lack of rain4  ,more than this1 in   
respect to mineral wealth1 in respect to
 water power1 and in respect to         
agricultural possibilities1 all of the  
countries just mentioned are far less   
endowed than is the ,united ,states4    

,god has made ,america a giant in size  
that ,america may do a giant's share in 
the world-wide propagation of the       
,gospel4  #b4 ,mineral resources4 ,the  
,united ,states furnishes the world     
to-day with #fc per cent4 of its        
petroleum4 ,copper is indispensable in  
this electric age1 and #eg per cent4 of 
the world's supply comes from the       
,united ,states4 ,in the production of  
coal1 ,america leads the world1 and     
according to the ,statesman's ,year     
,book all ,europe has only one fourth as
 much coal as the ,united ,states4 ,the 
gold output of the ,united ,states is   
many times that of any other country1   
except the ,transvaal in ,africa4  #c4  
,railroads4 ,railroads are an indication
 of wealth and progress and power4      
,canada has more railroad mileage than  
all the continent of ,africa4 ,almost   
#ch per cent4 of the total mileage is in
 the ,united ,states2 or1 putting it in 
another way1 the ,united ,states could  
duplicate all the railroad mileage of   

,asia1 ,africa1 ,south ,america1 and    
,australia and then have enough left to 
build a single track line three and     
three-fourths times around the globe6   
,the ,united ,states has six and        
one-half times as many miles of railroad
 as any other country in the world      
,there are no railroads where ,christ   
has not gone4  ,illustration3 ,,wealth  
,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states #ahej-aiaj 
#d4 ,wealth4 ,according to the latest   
summary prepared by the ,bureau of      
,statistics of the ,department of       
,commerce and ,labor1 the wealth of the 
,united ,states equals #db per cent4 of 
the total wealth of all ,europe4 ,in    
#aiaj the deposits in savings banks     
exceeded the amount for #aijj by sixteen
 hundred and eighty millions of dollars4
 ,the depositors increased more than    
three millions in the same period of    
time4 ,the latest figures show that the 
people of the ,united ,states as a whole
 are now saving an average of about nine
 million dollars a day4 ,the statistics 

of wealth as represented by manufactured
 products show that our nearest         
competitor is ,germany1 but that the    
,united ,states furnishes millions of   
dollars more of manufactured products   
annually than any other country4 ,the   
trade of the ,united ,states with       
foreign lands and its own island        
possessions1 according to reports of the
 fiscal year ending ,june #cj1 #aiab1   
set a high-water mark of #d1jjj1jjj1jjj4
  ,as an illustration of the growing    
wealth of a single city1 a statement is 
in circulation that in #ahhe1 according 
to the city records1 there were only    
twenty-eight millionaires in ,new ,york 
,city2 now there are more than two      
thousand4  #e4 ,agricultural products4  
,two of the staple agricultural products
 are corn and wheat4 ,the ,united       
,states had two and four fifths times as
 many acres of corn in #aiaj as all the 
rest of the world4 ,according to figures
 given out by the ,bureau of the ,census
 the cotton crop of the ,united ,states 

in #aiji was five eighths of the total  
grown in the world4 ,russia alone of all
 the countries in the world grew a few  
more bushels of wheat last year than the
 ,united ,states4  ,the value of the    
farm products of the ,united ,states in 
#aiji1 according to the report of the   
,department of ,agriculture1 was        
#h1gfj1jjj1jjj4 ,the farm products have 
considerably more than doubled in ten   
years1 equaling in value eighteen times 
the world's output of gold4 ,in         
commenting on these figures1 a writer in
 the ,literary ,digest gives the        
following concrete illustration of what 
they mean3 ,if the money were all in    
twenty-dollar gold pieces1 it would make
 a pile #gbj miles high1 and if the gold
 pieces were laid on the earth touching 
one another1 the value of the farm      
products of that one year would make a  
line of twenty-dollar gold pieces       
reaching across ,alaska1 ,canada1 the   
,united ,states and ,mexico to the      
,isthmus of ,panama1 and there would    

then be enough of these coins left to   
make a line of gold from ,new ,york to  
,san ,francisco1 and some pieces would  
fall off into the ,pacific ,ocean before
 they were all used6 ,even this fabulous
 amount of wealth produced on the farms 
was increased by one hundred and        
sixty-eight millions of dollars in      
#aiaj4  ,these few facts1 startling as  
they are1 are only the beginning of an  
exhibit of the prodigality of power     
centering here4 ,the moral and spiritual
 meaning of these resources constitutes 
a challenge to our best civilization4   
,god needs tremendous financial         
resources for the work of winning the   
world4 ,vast resources are needed for   
the educational1 evangelistic1          
philanthropic1 and industrial work of   
missions4 ,there seems to be no place on
 earth where in our time there are such 
available resources for this task as    
here in this land4  ,one of the supreme 
tests of our civilization is the use we 
are making of this ,god-given treasure1 

for cash and consecration should        
increase in proportionate ratio4 ,how to
 be rich and religious at the same time 
is one of the burning issues in our land
 to-day4 ,the release of a legitimate   
portion of this wealth for the blessings
 of mankind and the refreshing of the   
thirsty earth is evidently a part of the
 purpose of ,god4 ,if the riches of     
,america are to be a resource and not an
 incubus1 a highway and not a terminus1 
,american men1 to whom ,god has given   
the ability to get great wealth1 must be
 brought face to face with the challenge
 of the needy world in order to save    
them from the disaster of selfishness   
and sin4 ,god is not grieved when his   
men get rich1 but he is grieved when    
riches are not invested for the         
enrichment of the world4 ,it seems      
inconceivable that ,america could throw 
away this supreme opportunity for       
service4 ,napoleonic energies require an
 international program4   ,,america     
,,can ,,retain ,,her ,,place ,,of       

,,leadership ,,in ,,the ,,kingdom ,,of  
,,god ,,only ,,by ,,developing ,,vision 
,,and ,,consecration ,,adequate ,,to    
,,her ,,task  ,it will be well for      
,american ,christianity if it learns the
 eloquent lessons which are written on  
many pages of the world's history1      
telling of the setting aside of nations 
and men who have had a great opportunity
 but have failed to carry out the       
divinely appointed commission4  ,all the
 facts given above emphasize the        
imperative necessity for greatly        
enlarged home missionary effort4 ,the   
world battle cannot be won unless the   
attack upon sin and the defense of the  
bulwarks of righteousness at home are   
aggressive and victorious4 ,the home    
battle and the world battle are one4    
,what then is ,america's share of the   
world task8 ,how much will be required  
of money and men if ,america does her   
duty to the non-,christian world8  ,how 
to determine a nation's share of the    
world task is a very complex problem1   

and mathematical statements have many   
serious limitations4 ,in the first place
 it is no doubt true that whenever the  
,christian ,church really sets out      
seriously to obey ,christ's command     
there will be such a pouring forth of   
the power of the ,spirit as will upset  
all numerical computations4 ,again1 the 
varying conditions in different parts of
 the field make any uniform standard    
impossible4 ,in parts of ,africa and    
,asia where the populations are         
scattered1 perhaps one missionary to    
every #e1jjj people will be necessary4  
,in other fields a large and sudden     
increase in missionaries might          
precipitate an anti-missionary uprising1
 which would greatly retard the growth  
of the ,kingdom4 ,mission boards are by 
no means unanimous in judgment as to the
 most effective way to present the      
appeal4 ,the condition of the native    
,church is another factor which is      
variable in different lands4 ,account   
must be taken of quality as well as     

quantity in the work4  ,since this is a 
spiritual enterprise and dependent upon 
superhuman forces1 no arithmetical      
statement can be considered as          
authoritative and final4 ,the great     
resources in this task are the spiritual
 energies which ,god alone can give4    
,but the following study at least has   
the virtue of being a definite and      
concrete statement of some factors in   
the problem4 ,men are thinking and      
acting in the realm of the concrete in  
business and professional life4 ,the    
call of ,god is not less sacred when it 
is stated in terms of every-day life    
which grip and hold the mind and        
conscience4 ,the task may be            
accomplished much more rapidly than now 
seems probable4 ,that is clearly a      
possible thing with ,god4 ,but stating  
the best judgment of some of the most   
spiritually-minded men in the conflict  
as to the visible resources needed is   
not limiting ,god4  ,therefore as a     
temporary estimate1 leaving the way open

 for adjustment and reconstruction as   
new light is thrown on the problem1 the 
following statement may be helpful4  ,it
 is the conviction of many that the     
smallest force of missionaries which can
 make possible the evangelization of the
 world in this generation is one for    
every #be1jjj of the population4        
,looking at ,north ,america's share of  
this world task1 the following are      
factors in the problem4  #a4 ,in view of
 the fact that ,north ,america is now   
furnishing nearly one half of the       
,protestant foreign missionaries and    
about one half of the foreign mission   
contributions1 and also in view of the  
fact that the resources of ,north       
,america are greater than those of many 
other parts of ,christendom1 it is      
probably fair to estimate ,north        
,america's share of the non-,christian  
world as #ejj1jjj1jjj people4 ,this     
includes the portion of the world now   
being evangelized by ,american          
missionaries on the field4  #b4 ,toward 

the evangelization of this vast number  
of people there are now abroad1         
representing the churches of the ,united
 ,states and ,canada1 approximately     
#f1jjj single missionaries and          
missionary families4 ,on the basis given
 above these #f1jjj missionaries can    
evangelize one hundred and fifty        
millions in this generation4 ,this      
leaves three hundred and fifty millions 
still to be provided for or seven tenths
 of the whole number for whom ,america  
is responsible4  #c4 ,in view of the    
above facts1 in order to occupy their   
field the churches of ,north ,america   
will therefore need to multiply by two  
and one third their output1 that is1 to 
send out and maintain #ad1jjj additional
 missionaries1 making #bj1jjj in all4   
#d4 ,for the support of the missionaries
 from the ,united ,states and ,canada   
now on the field the ,mission ,boards   
spent in #aiab about fifteen millions of
 dollars1 or an average of a little more
 than #b1jjj per missionary4 ,this does 

not mean that each missionary received a
 #b1jjj salary4 ,missionary salaries    
average only half or less than half of  
that amount4 ,the balance was spent for 
all other expenses such as traveling1   
equipment1 etc4 ,if we accept this      
amount as approximately what will be    
needed for each new missionary sent out1
 the ,united ,states and ,canada must   
increase the amount of money given to   
about forty-three millions of dollars   
annually4  ,can ,america furnish the men
 and the money8  ,there are about       
twenty-two millions of ,protestant      
church-members in the ,united ,states   
and nine hundred thousand in ,canada1   
about twenty-three millions in all4 ,in 
order to secure the required number of  
missionaries ,american churches must    
send out and maintain about one in      
#a1aej of the membership4 ,this is      
clearly possible and has been largely   
exceeded by the ,moravian ,church4 ,this
 leaves #a1adi out of every #a1aej      
church-members to carry on the work on  

this continent4  ,a majority of the     
volunteers will come from the colleges  
and theological seminaries4 ,there were 
#aie1gbd students in these institutions 
in the ,united ,states in #aiji-aj4 ,it 
would therefore take about one in       
fourteen of these students to furnish   
the #ad1jjj workers required to secure  
,america's share of the missionaries4   
,as far as the financial problem for    
,america is concerned the support of    
#ad1jjj new missionaries involves       
increasing our annual offerings from    
about #ae1jjj1jjj a year to             
approximately #dc1jjj1jjj a year4 ,when 
reduced to actual figures the average   
per church-member is pitifully small4   
,to secure the entire budget for #bj1jjj
 missionaries would require an average  
gift from the twenty-three millions of  
church-members in the ,united ,states   
and ,canada of a little less than two   
dollars per year or two postage stamps a
 week6 ,and this for the redemption of  
the world6 ,many thousands of           

,christians and hundreds of churches    
should go far beyond this average4      
,shall ,america ,evangelize ,her ,share 
of the ,world8 ,this is the ringing     
challenge flung down to ,american       
,christianity4  ,o ,america1 ,america1  
stretching between the two great seas1  
in whose heart flows the rich blood of  
many nations1 into whose mountain safes 
,god has put riches of fabulous amount1 
in whose plains the ,almighty has       
planted the magic genius that blossoms  
into harvests with which to feed the    
hungry multitudes of earth1 nursed by   
,puritan and ,pilgrim1 defended by      
patriot and missionary1 guided by the   
pillar of cloud by day and of fire by   
night1 sanctified by a faith as pure as 
looks up to heaven from any land1 ,o    
,america1 let thy ,master make thee a   
savior of the nations2 let thy ,god     
flood thee with a resistless passion for
 conquest2 let thy ,father lead thee    
over mountains and seas1 through fire   
and flood1 through sickness and pain1   

out to that great hour when all men     
shall hear the call of ,christ1 and the 
last lonely soul shall see the uplifted 
cross1 and the whole round world be     
bound back to the heart of ,god6        
,,books ,,for ,,further ,,reading       
,love1 ,j4 ,f41 ,the ,mission of ,our   
,nation4 ,fleming ,h4 ,revell ,co41     
#aeh ,fifth ,avenue1 ,new ,york4 #a4be4 
,coolidge1 ,the ,united ,states as a    
,world ,power4 ,macmillan ,company1     
#fd ,fifth ,avenue1 ,new ,york4 #b4jj4  
,van ,dyke1 ,henry1 ,the ,spirit of     
,america4 ,fleming ,h4 ,revell ,co41    
#aeh ,fifth ,avenue1 ,new ,york4 #j4ej4 
,reinsch1 ,world ,politics4 ,macmillan  
,company1 #fd ,fifth ,avenue1 ,new      
,york4 #a4be4       ,stead1 ,w4 ,t41    
,the ,americanization of the ,world4    
,horace ,markley4      ,new ,york1      
#a4jj4     ,,chapter ,,iv  ,a ,,man',s  
,,response ,,to ,,the ,,world ,,appeal  
,the efficiency expert is a familiar    
figure in modern big business4 ,his     
function is the checking up and scaling 

up of commercial enterprises4 ,his one  
study is business organization1 methods1
 management and output4 ,his life is    
built around such problems as these3    
,are the capital and force at work in   
this business bringing adequate returns8
 ,what combinations are possible so as  
to reduce expenses without reducing     
returns8 ,is there waste8 ,is there     
duplication of effort8 ,is the product  
satisfactory as to quality and quantity8
 ,is there anything the matter with the 
organization8 ,has the business too many
 officials or too few8 ,are there       
unimproved opportunities8 ,is the       
advertising all that could be desired8  
,in short1 his function is to study     
business with a view to securing a      
maximum of efficiency with the          
expenditure of a minimum of time1 force 
and capital4  ,why not apply the same   
methods and skill and intense           
application to the work of the kingdom  
of ,jesus ,christ8 ,there is no business
 in the world comparable with it from   

the standpoint of immensity--there are  
hundreds of millions of people involved1
 and not a foot of soil where a man     
lives is excluded from the plan of      
,jesus ,christ4 ,there is no enterprise 
which promises such inspiring and       
enduring returns from the investment4   
,its complexity and baffling            
difficulties are a challenge to the     
passion for mastery that is central in  
every real man4 ,christian men might    
well ponder deeply and then take as a   
guiding principle in life that sentence 
of the late ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,converse of   
the ,baldwin ,locomotive ,works1 ,when  
,christian business men devote the same 
skill and energy to ,christian work     
which they now give to their private    
business concerns the proposition to    
evangelize the world in this generation 
will be no longer a dream4  ,it may be  
well to approach the study of this final
 topic in the spirit of the favorite    
sayings of two famous modern generals4  
,one of the principles of a great       

,german tactician was1 ,first ponder1   
then dare4 ,the motto of another        
well-known general was1 ,know your      
geography and fight your men4 ,it is of 
the utmost importance that there be     
developed in the ,church of ,christ such
 a militant temper as shall make it     
capable of carrying out the plans of    
,christ to naturalize ,christianity in  
every land4 ,it is an urgent necessity  
that ,christ's soldiers ponder world    
conditions in order that they may       
release their lives for the carrying of 
the gospel to the world4 ,men must know 
the geography of the kingdom of ,god if 
they are to apply the principles of     
strategy to the carrying out of the last
 command of ,christ4  ,some of the      
outstanding facts related to the        
evangelization of the world have passed 
in review in the preceding chapters4    
,the time for action has come4 ,what is 
needed now is not more rhetoric but more
 reality of conviction2 not more facts1 
but deeper purpose4 ,the crucial        

question in this whole discussion is how
 every man may relate himself in a      
practical way to the winning of the     
world to ,christ4 ,the carrying of the  
gospel to all the world is every man's  
opportunity4 ,there is no monopoly of a 
chance to serve in this war4 ,this is   
the one opportunity which makes it      
possible for every life to influence the
 whole world4 ,what then are the moral  
and spiritual demands which a world like
 ours makes upon men8  ,the answer to   
this fundamental question takes us back 
to the principles stated by our ,lord4  
,how did he expect men to relate        
themselves to this1 his world task8     
,what were his missionary commands8     
,stated in their logical and            
chronological order they are3  ,lift up 
your eyes and behold the                
fields6--,study4  ,pray ye the ,lord of 
the harvest that he thrust forth        
laborers into his harvest4--,intercede4 
,go ye into all the world and preach the
 gospel4--,give and ,serve4  ,reduced to

 their simplest terms then1 the         
missionary principles of ,jesus demand  
four things of men4 ,if men relate      
themselves to the whole task of our     
,lord a fourfold program1 in which every
 man will have a share1 must be carried 
out in every church4      ,a program of 
,education4      ,a program of ,finance4
      ,a program of ,service4      ,a   
program of ,intercession4  ,it is one of
 the tragedies of language that the     
great phrases get frayed out with       
constant use4 ,they lose their grip and 
their power to stimulate thought and    
action4 ,for the sake of variety these  
familiar ways of expressing the         
missionary obligation are stated in a   
different way1 yet so as to retain the  
fundamental principles enunciated above4
 ,the world to-day demands of men3      
,,widening ,,horizon--,,study           
,,unwithholding ,,consecration--,,money 
,,and ,,service       ,,unending        
,,prayer--,,intercession  ,i4 ,,widening
 ,,horizon  ,the hour in which we live  

makes it imperative that men study world
 conditions4 ,it is almost impossible to
 keep pace with changing conditions and 
new opportunities unless one is         
constantly in touch with the progress of
 the ,kingdom throughout the world4     
,there are at least seven good reasons  
why every man should plan to devote time
 to the study of missions4  #a4         
,christ's ,missionary ,program ,includes
 ,study 7,john1 iv4 #ce74--;,if a man   
cannot be thoroughly loyal to ,christ   
without active participation in the     
spread of the gospel in the world1 it is
 equally true that a man is disobedient 
to the missionary call of ,christ who   
does not study missions4 ,information is
 essential to intercession and          
intercession is the greatest human      
missionary force4 ,facts are the fuel   
with which missionary fervor is fired   
and fed4  #b4 ,missions ,is the         
,greatest ,living ,issue4--,there is no 
question before the world to-day which  
involves such large forces1 such        

multitudes of people and with such      
tremendous issues4 ,there is nothing    
greater to which a man may relate his   
life4  #c4 ,the ,study of ,missions ,is 
the ,only ,possible ,way to ,keep in    
,touch with ,world ,progress4--,in order
 to read the magazines and newspapers   
intelligently constant study of missions
 is necessary4 ,progress in our time is 
largely along ,christian lines4 ,the    
progress of the world is only another   
way of saying that ,christ is           
increasingly possessing the world4  #d4 
,men ,cannot ,be ,qualified for         
,leadership ,without ,study4--,there    
never was such an urgent call for       
leaders or such unlimited opportunities 
for the investment of talents as in our 
day in this greatest of movements4 ,real
 leadership is trained leadership and   
training involves study4  #e4 ,world    
,conquest ,is the ,biggest ,business    
,proposition ,before the ,church4--,the 
enterprise has in it all the elements   
that go to make big business so         

fascinating to strong men4 ,here is an  
opportunity not only of displaying the  
business talents which men have1 but to 
display them in an enterprise which     
brings the most satisfactory returns to 
men in the way of the enrichment of     
their own lives4 ,the keenest sagacity  
of business men is sorely needed in all 
the councils of the ,church to-day1 and 
in no place is the need more urgent than
 in the service of world-wide missions4 
#f4 ,investigation ,will ,suggest       
,definite and ,practical ,missionary    
,activities4--,it is not enough to be   
sentimentally interested in missions4   
,that day has gone by4 ,the calls of our
 time demand definite and practical     
plans and methods and there are no      
members of the church who are in a      
position to render larger service than  
the business men4  #g4 ,it ,furnishes   
,intellectual ,outlook and ,spiritual   
,uplook4--,one of the great drawbacks of
 modern business life is that the       
horizon is narrowed and life made       

provincial4 ,there is but little in     
ordinary business to furnish spiritual  
stimulus4 ,a church service one day in  
seven is not sufficient to cause the    
springs of spiritual power in a man's   
life to burst forth into activity4 ,here
 is a cause which brings the keenest    
intellectual and spiritual delight4 ,the
 study of missions will give men a      
greatly enriched ,bible because they    
will discover that it is the great      
missionary ,book4 ,this fact and the    
consequent intellectual and spiritual   
stimulus justify any amount of time     
spent in studying the program of        
,christ4  ,studying the ,church4--,the  
,word1 the ,world1 and the              
,workman--these are both the sources of 
information and the objects for study4  
,not only must modern men study the     
world and the ,word1 but also the       
,church which is ,god's appointed       
instrument for achieving his world      
purposes4 ,one of the first problems    
confronting a man who desires to relate 

himself to the world program is the     
study of his own local church to see how
 he can make possible the relating of   
the whole church to the whole task in   
such a way as to release the full power 
of the whole constituency4 ,this will   
necessitate careful study of the present
 missionary organization and life of the
 church to which each man belongs4 ,he  
is now determined to become an          
efficiency expert in the matter of the  
world-wide propagation of ,christianity4
 ,he will apply the same principles to  
this study that he applies to his daily 
business4 ,in some cases it will be     
discovered that there is very little    
efficient organization1 or if there are 
organizations1 they will be found to be 
sadly lacking in a big and definite     
objective4 ,they have been content if   
they have done as well this year as they
 did last1 or if their record compares  
favorably with the record of a          
neighboring church4 ,in other words1    
their achievements have been measured by

 some standard which has seemed a       
possible goal at the time rather than by
 the great and final aim of getting the 
whole task of ,christ accomplished4  ,it
 is also often true that the church is  
not organized to reach the entire       
community in which it lives4 ,one of the
 first duties will therefore be to      
relate the church in a vital way to the 
entire community4 ,the church is not a  
field but a force with which to work the
 field4 ,the field is the community1 the
 state1 the world6  ,in some cases it   
will be necessary to create new         
machinery for this work4 ,however1 it is
 much wiser to use the existing         
organizations of the church if they can 
be made effective4  ,the ,missionary    
,committee4--,the one type of           
organization in the local church which  
has met with most general approval by   
,christian leaders is what is called    
,the ,church ,missionary ,committee4    
,even where several distinct missionary 
organizations exist in the local church 

there is still urgent need for this     
committee for two very important        
reasons4  #a4 ,it unifies the missionary
 activities of the church4 ,the most    
fruitful way of organizing the committee
 is to have representatives of all the  
existing missionary organizations upon  
it4 ,the pastor should by all means be a
 member of this committee but ordinarily
 not the chairman4 ,the committee should
 always be definitely appointed or at   
least confirmed by the official body of 
the congregation4 ,by thus bringing     
together all the leaders of the various 
activities1 a unified and               
well-articulated missionary program is  
made possible4  ,illustration3 ,,the    
,,church ,,missionary ,,committee  ,,its
 ,,fields 7,,inner ,,circle7 ,,its      
,,functions 7,,outer ,,circle7  #b4 ,the
 missionary committee represents the    
entire congregation4 ,in the past it has
 been true that only a fraction of the  
congregation has been enlisted in       
definite missionary activities4 ,only   

small groups have been organized for    
missionary service4 ,the men especially 
have been unreached4 ,obviously the     
first move to make if the church is to  
meet its full missionary responsibility 
is to plan to enlist the whole          
constituency4 ,this committee should    
have enough meetings to plan a          
comprehensive policy for the entire     
congregation1 including all the lines of
 activity indicated in the missionary   
commands of ,christ to which reference  
has been made1 also to check up results4
 ,a meeting for the whole congregation  
should be held each year at which       
reports are made and plans projected for
 the succeeding season4 ,the pamphlets  
on the ,missionary ,committee and its   
work listed at the end of this chapter  
are earnestly recommended to the        
thoughtful study of every man who       
desires to relate himself effectively to
 the problem of making a missionary     
church4 ,the policy outlined by the     
committee1 after a study of these       

pamphlets1 should be adopted by the     
official body1 presented to the whole   
congregation1 and explained at a regular
 church service4 ,to make the preceding 
suggestions effective calls for a high  
type of ability and the conspicuous and 
continuous application of all those     
traits of character which have been     
developed in the business and           
professional men of the church4  ,,ii4  
,,unwithholding ,,consecration  ,your   
money and your life6 ,what greater gifts
 can a man bring8 ,god cares more for   
men than for anything else in the world4
 ,it is life laid down for him which    
gives joy to the heart of the           
sacrificial ,savior4 ,but money         
represents life--nay1 it is coined      
personality4 ,millions of money beyond  
any previous gift will be needed before 
the world can be won4 ,here is the      
hardest personal battle for a multitude 
of men4 ,after the personal battle is   
over others must be persuaded by the    
victor to share in the enterprise4      

,illustration3 ,a ,,plan ,,for ,,the    
,,organization ,,and ,,work ,,of ,,the  
,,church ,,missionary ,,committee  ,as a
 result of experience in thousands of   
churches in all parts of the ,united    
,states and ,canada it has been         
demonstrated that the ,every ,member    
,canvass is the most effective financial
 method now being employed by the       
churches4 ,no program of finance in the 
local church is complete without an     
annual ,every ,member ,canvass4  ,the   
adoption of sound principles of         
stewardship1 and life brought into      
deepening harmony with those principles 
is a part of the price of victory in    
this war4 ,such principles are essential
 to the development and enrichment of   
character and necessary if there is to  
be proper expression of character in    
doing the will of ,god4  ,there is      
hardly any outstanding question in the  
,church about which there is such       
confusion and therefore so nerveless an 
appeal as the subject of stewardship4   

,it is a difficult question and an      
unpopular one4 ,inadequate thinking is  
very common and practise is even more   
inadequate than thinking both in pulpit 
and in pew4  ,the fact that little      
constructive attention is being given to
 this subject by the leaders of the     
,church was well illustrated at one of  
the ,silver ,bay ,conferences a few     
years ago4 ,in a group of about         
seventy-five men1 where the subject was 
under discussion1 the leader of the     
conference asked how many of the men had
 ever read a book on ,christian         
stewardship4 ,not more than one half of 
the men raised their hands4 ,when asked 
how many had read a book on tithing not 
more than one fifth responded in the    
affirmative4 ,if such a representative  
group of picked leaders is uninformed or
 uninterested in so vital a matter1 the 
rank and file of the ,church must surely
 need their attention powerfully called 
to the subject4  ,the ,bible gives a    
much larger place to the matter of      

giving than is generally supposed4 ,some
 one who claims to have counted the     
,scripture references says that giving  
is mentioned #a1efe times in the ,bible4
 ,one of the significant things about   
the parables of ,jesus is that thirteen 
of the twenty-nine have some reference  
to property4  ,a group of men recently  
worked out a statement of the principles
 of stewardship and the methods of      
applying these principles to life4      
,these principles are worthy of careful 
study and wide adoption4 ,in ,may1      
#aiab1 they were adopted by the         
governing body of one of the            
denominations as the guiding principles 
and methods for that church4            
,principles of ,stewardship4--,god is   
the ,giver and is the ,absolute ,owner  
of ,all things4--,this invincible       
conviction lies at the base of all      
correct thinking about stewardship4 ,to 
commit oneself to the inspiring idea    
that ,god is the owner of all things is 
to take all bitterness and drudgery out 

of stewardship4 ,when a man realizes    
what kind of a ,god he has1 that he     
purposes his best for every man and     
wants him to know how rich and powerful 
and loving his ,father is1 the practise 
of stewardship becomes one of the       
enriching joys of life4 ,the base-line  
of all geographical measurements is the 
level of the sea2 prairies or mountains 
or canyons are all measured from this   
same base-line4 ,it is a unit of        
measure4 ,likewise the ownership of ,god
 is the base-line for all measurements  
of truth about property4 ,having laid   
down and accepted this fundamental      
proposition that ,god is the owner of   
all there follows another truth or      
corollary1 namely1  ,under grace man is 
a steward1 and the steward holds and    
administers that which he has as a      
sacred trust4 ,life is a trust1 not a   
possession4 ,we are stewards of money1  
not creators4 ,receiving a trust and    
rendering an account are inseparable4   
,responsibility and accountability are  

twin brothers4  ,god's ownership and    
man's stewardship are best evidenced by 
the systematic application of a portion 
of income to the advancement of the     
,kingdom4 ,giving should be regular4    
,all educational processes are made     
effective by continuous repetition4 ,the
 needs of the work are also regular and 
therefore call for regular              
contributions4 ,this application of a   
portion of income should be stated4 ,it 
is a definite transaction with a real   
personal ,god4 ,it involves amounts1    
totals and increments4 ,it should be    
worshipful1 remembering who he is to    
whom we bring the returns of our labor1 
and in order that there may be the      
largest blessing every offering should  
be an act of worship4 ,it should be     
sacrificial1 bearing in mind that no    
fraction set aside can exhaust our      
responsibility or express the depth of  
true love for ,god4  ,biblical and      
extra-,biblical history point to the    
setting aside of the tenth of the income

 as a minimum1 and indicate a divine    
sanction of the practise and the amount4
 ,the tenth and ,beyond is the ,bible   
rule6 ,the ,old ,testament emphasis is  
on the ,tithe1 the ,new ,testament      
emphasis is on ,the ,beyond4 ,the ,old  
,testament asks a tenth1 the ,new       
,testament demands less but expects     
more4 ,the one tenth tests our          
obedience1 the nine tenths tests our    
consecration4 ,the ,old ,testament      
principle is1 ,the tithe is the ,lord's4
 ,the ,new ,testament principle is1 ,he 
that forsaketh not all that he hath     
cannot be my disciple4  ,if the adoption
 of any principles of stewardship are to
 be adequate1 every man must finally go 
the whole length as expressed in the    
words of ,jesus just stated4 ,the sooner
 this is done the better1 but the full  
conception of stewardship breaks into   
life gradually with most men and a large
 majority begin by setting aside a small
 proportion of income4 ,the adoption of 
a regulative principle1 even though     

inadequate at first1 is a powerful      
spiritual force in a man's life4 ,when  
the practise of systematic and          
proportionate giving is begun1 the first
 important step is taken which often    
leads to complete devotion to ,god4     
,there should be careful1 intelligent1  
personal1 and prayerful consideration of
 the uses to be made of the money thus  
regularly set aside4 ,this will require 
study not only of the local situation1  
but also of the missionary and          
benevolent work of the ,church4 ,this   
principle provides for a thorough-going 
educational process and is indispensable
 if the ,church is to improve her great 
opportunity4 ,individuals1 churches1    
nations cannot come to the highest      
efficiency without recognizing and      
accepting their world responsibility4   
,consistent use of the balance of the   
income not set aside4 ,all the preceding
 principles are undermined if a man does
 not adopt this last principle as a     
safeguard4 ,it pries down deep into     

men's lives and uncovers their secret   
motives4 ,if men are to have an adequate
 program of stewardship1 it must be     
adequate educationally1 spiritually1 and
 financially4 ,it is believed that the  
six principles stated are adequate1 in  
the sense just described1 because3  #a4 
,these principles are taught in the     
,bible4 ,they are a summary of the total
 message of the ,scriptures on the      
subject and especially of the essence of
 the teachings of ,jesus4  #b4 ,the     
testimony of history1 both ,scriptural  
and extra ,biblical history1 gives      
sanction to the principles stated and   
the amount set aside1 always remembering
 that the ,new ,testament emphasizes    
,the ,beyond4  #c4 ,these principles are
 accepted because of their effect on    
character4 ,no life can grow rich and   
strong without increasing giving4 ,god  
is much more interested in the making of
 a man than he is in the making of money
 and the adoption of sound principles of
 stewardship is vital to ,christian     

character4  #d4 ,the adoption of these  
principles by ,christians generally     
would meet the practical needs of our   
time for the spread of ,christianity    
throughout the world so far as money can
 ever meet the needs of mankind4        
,methods for the ,application of ,these 
,principles to the ,life of the         
,individual ,christian4--,the ,actual or
 ,constructive ,separation of the       
,proportion of ,income which complies   
with the foregoing principles4 ,this    
does four things3  #a4 ,it preserves the
 integrity of the proportion set aside  
and guards against the evil of only     
estimating what is due4  #b4 ,it is a   
concrete and vital expression of the    
principle4 ,mere mental assent to a     
principle without practical expression  
is deadly to the spiritual life4  #c4   
,it provides regularly for the regular  
needs of the ,kingdom4  #d4 ,it is the  
best antidote to selfishness4  ,a pledge
 in writing1 in advance1 of the amounts 
to be applied to the regular work of the

 ,church 7current expenses1 missions1   
and benevolences74 ,these pledges should
 ordinarily be considerably less than   
the whole amount to be devoted during   
the year4  ,a weekly payment of the     
amount so subscribed1 deposited as an   
act of worship at a public service4     
,payments from time to time1 out of the 
sums set aside1 but not previously      
pledged1 to special causes as may be    
desired4  ,the plan of keeping a        
separate ,lord's ,treasury is           
recommended for those who cannot attend 
the services of the ,church4  ,free-will
 or thank-offerings4  ,this method is a 
safety valve for those whose income is  
growing and who can easily afford to    
give large sums in addition to their    
regular offerings4 ,god expects cash and
 consecration1 gold and goodness1 riches
 and righteousness to increase together4
      ,give1 give1 be always giving1    
,who gives not is not living1     ,the  
more you give     ,the more you live1   
,give strength1 give thought1 give      

deeds1 give self1     ,give love1 give  
tears and give thyself1     ,give1 give1
 be always giving4     ,who gives not is
 not living4     ,the more you give1 the
 more you live4  ,the propagation of the
 principles and methods of stewardship  
is an important part of the program of  
every individual ,christian and of the  
,church ,missionary ,committee4         
,thorough agitation on the subject      
should always precede the annual        
every-member canvass4 ,many churches    
have received unprecedented spiritual   
blessings because of the adoption and   
practise of higher standards of giving4 
,finally1 it should not be forgotten    
that the missionary appeal is one of the
 most powerful motives to stewardship4  
,the appeal for the two should go       
together4  ,,iii4 ,,unending ,,prayer   
,the sovereign summons to men is the    
summons to prayer4 ,it is a call to use 
the great unused human resource of      
power4 ,it is a call to every man to    
walk with the tread of a giant an open  

but unfrequented path to immortality4   
,other lesser calls must die out in us  
if the present spiritual world crisis is
 to be met4 ,practical men of business  
say that this is the work of the        
minister or the missionary1 but         
,christ's call to prayer was not limited
 to any group of individuals or to a    
special section of the ,church4 ,the men
 of our time are discovering that they  
have a wealth of talent of which they   
did not dream1--to bring things to pass 
by prayer4 ,intercession has ever been  
what ,arthur ,smith calls ,the deeply   
buried talent4  ,let us in the beginning
 frankly face the fact that there is no 
call which involves more of             
unwithholding consecration than the life
 of intercession4 ,there is no service  
which demands so much of a man1 which   
digs down so deep into his life1 which  
floods with such a searching light all  
the methods and principles by which men 
govern their lives4  ,on the other hand 
let it not be forgotten that there is no

 human means of releasing such          
measureless forces among mankind4 ,we   
are in the midst of a spiritual         
conflict1 and prayer is the determining 
factor in that conflict4 ,this involves 
not simply a prayer for ourselves in a  
few hurried sentences at night1 when too
 tired to remember what has been prayed 
for when the words are said1 not a few  
fragments of time given to this most    
important occupation1 but prayer1       
central in life1 having a clear space in
 which to live and breathe and yet not  
confined to times and seasons but       
mingling with the whole of life4 ,sadly 
it must be confessed that intercession  
is not yet the passion of our lives4    
,prayer gives quiet confidence that     
things really happen when men pray4 ,it 
is as vital as muscular force1 as real  
as electricity4 ,it wrenches men loose  
from their limitations and projects     
personality into distant lands4 ,it is  
the lever of ,god to pry continents and 
dead civilizations up into newness of   

life4 ,it is the power which helps to   
lift history out of its bed and puts it 
down into new channels where it belongs4
 ,it is of this force which ,john ,r4   
,mott speaks when he says3 ,the supreme 
question of missions is how to multiply 
the number of ,christians who1 with     
truthful lives and with clear unshaken  
faith in the character and ability of   
,god1 will1 individually or             
collectively1 or cooeperatively as a    
church1 wield the force of intercessory 
prayer for the conversion and           
transformation of men1 for the          
inauguration and energizing of spiritual
 movements1 and for the breaking down of
 all that exalts itself against ,christ 
and his purposes4  ,j4 ,campbell ,white 
says3 ,prayer is the first and chief    
method of solving the missionary        
problem4 ,among all the methods that    
have been devised none is more          
practical1 more fruitful than this4 ,if 
we could get a definite group of people 
at home into the habit of supporting by 

prayer each missionary in the thick of  
the fight1 by this simple method alone  
the efficiency of the present missionary
 force could probably be doubled without
 adding a single new missionary4  ,in   
bringing in a report on the place of    
prayer in missions1 a committee of men  
at one of the conferences of the        
,laymen's ,missionary ,movement         
submitted the following3 ,prayer is the 
only element which can quicken          
information into inspiration1 transmute 
interest into passion1 crystallize      
emotion into consecration1 and coin     
enthusiasm into dollars and lives4      
,resolved1 that we seek by every means  
to convince every man that1 whatever may
 be his contribution of money or        
service1 he has not exercised his       
highest influence1 performed his whole  
duty1 nor enjoyed his highest privilege 
until he has made definite1 believing   
prayer for missions a part of his daily 
life4  ,as we remember ,jesus ,christ1  
and recall the kind of tasks he has     

given his men to do1 the kind of men he 
expects us to be1 as we lift up our eyes
 and look into the upturned faces of the
 thousand millions of people who know   
not ,god and remember that we are the   
men who must bridge the racial gulf and 
capture the world for ,christ1 we may   
well be moved by a solemn sense of our  
responsibility4 ,it is our duty not     
simply to nurse the wounded but to stop 
the battle4 ,if we are to face our tasks
 with inflexible courage and a growing  
devotion we must cultivate the vital    
processes and bring to ,christ the      
flawless wholeness of unshared hearts4  
,one of the old ,greeks said that every 
speech must begin with an               
incontrovertible proposition4 ,three    
such propositions are stated here4  #a4 
,prayer has ,called ,forth and          
,energized ,all the ,great ,spiritual   
and ,missionary ,movements of ,all      
,times4  ,the history of the ,moravian  
movement1 of the great missionary       
awakenings in ,germany1 and the modern  

missionary uprising in ,great ,britain  
shows that they were all born and given 
power because of prayer4  ,on this side 
of the ,atlantic it should never be     
forgotten that the three great          
interdenominational movements which have
 had so much to do with the arousing of 
,america to her missionary              
responsibility were all called forth by 
prayer1 and whatever of vitality and    
power they have displayed still depends 
upon the energies of ,god poured forth  
in answer to prayer4 ,the ,student      
,volunteer ,movement grew out of an     
unusual volume of intercession on the   
part1 first1 of a small group of        
individuals1 and then of a conference   
assembled at ,northfield in #ahhf4 ,it  
was from a small group of men meeting   
for prayer and counsel in ,new ,york and
 later at ,silver ,bay on ,lake ,george 
that the ,missionary ,education         
,movement came into being4 ,it was in a 
prayer-meeting in the ,fifth ,avenue    
,presbyterian ,church in ,new ,york     

,city1 on ,november #ae1 #aijf1 that the
 ,laymen's ,missionary ,movement began  
its career4  ,two principles have been  
increasingly emphasized in all these    
movements1 and men may well take them to
 heart and ponder them deeply before    
deciding that there is any other way in 
which they can exert so powerful a world
 influence as in prayer4 ,these         
principles are3  ,god has accomplished  
most by the men who have adventured     
themselves most upon ,god4  ,men must   
commune with ,christ if they are to     
communicate ,christ4  #b4 ,prayer ,finds
 a ,way ,out in ,hours of ,crisis4  ,the
 history of the way in which victory has
 been achieved in the great spiritual   
crises of the world is a record of      
answered prayer4 ,there is no more      
impressive picture in the ,old          
,testament than that of ,moses1 the     
great leader of ,israel1 in the midst of
 a desperate battle with his hands      
lifted in intercession4 ,when he wearied
 and his hands were withdrawn1 ,israel  

was defeated1 but so long as his hands  
were upheld and there was an unceasing  
stream of intercession1 ,israel         
prevailed4 ,crowded into that one       
incident is one of the greatest single  
spiritual lessons which ,god would teach
 mankind4 ,there is no other way than   
this to meet the spiritual crises of the
 world victoriously4 ,the great battle  
of ,jesus was not won at ,calvary but in
 the garden in prayer4 ,the crowded     
record of achievement in all the home   
and foreign mission fields of the       
,church is full of incidents of the     
truth of the principle just stated4     
,since it is the judgment of the        
missionary leaders of to-day that there 
never has been such an hour of crisis   
and opportunity in the world1 then there
 never was a time when there was such   
need that men should covenant with ,god 
to wield the force of intercession4 ,the
 victory which is achieved at the front 
of the battle will be commensurate with 
the volume of intercession in ,christian

 lands4  #c4 ,prayer is the ,only ,power
 that can ,fill the ,gaps in the ,thin  
,line of ,battle4  ,the second study in 
this little book reveals the tremendous 
unmet need of the world4 ,the line is   
very thin in many parts of the field1 in
 many sections of the world it can be   
said to be nothing more than a          
picket-line4 ,if qualified leaders are  
to be thrust out into these fields1 if  
the ,church is to recover the lost      
frontiers in the great cities and       
country districts of the home land and  
in the ,mohammedan and pagan world      
abroad1 if every man in the world is to 
be given an adequate opportunity in his 
lifetime to know our ,christ1 then the  
great crucial problem is how to multiply
 the number of those who will enlist as 
intercessors and then devote themselves 
to the enlistment of others until the   
whole ,church is committed to this task4
  ,is it too much to expect that every  
man in his place should have the spirit 
exhibited by ,alexander ,duff when he   

said3 ,having set my hand to the plough 
my resolution was1 the ,lord helping me1
 never to look back any more and never  
to make a half-hearted work of it4      
,having chosen missionary labor in      
,india1 ,i gave myself up wholly to it  
in the destination of my own mind4 ,i   
united or wedded myself to it in a      
covenant the bands of which shall be    
severed only by death4  ,may our ,living
 ,leader give to his men the spirit     
expressed by ,edmund ,burke when he     
said3 ,the nerve that never relaxes1 the
 eye that never blenches1 the thought   
that never wanders3 these are the       
masters of destiny4  ,in ,ladd's ,rare  
,days in ,japan1 reference is made to a 
telegram received by ,mr4 ,matsukata1   
the ,president of the shipbuilding      
company at ,kawasaki1 from ,admiral     
,togo just two days before the battle of
 the ,sea of ,japan4 ,admiral ,togo had 
received the following order from the   
,emperor3 ,find and destroy the ,russian
 fleet4 ,because of the weight of his   

responsibility it is said that ,togo ate
 or slept but little for several days   
after receiving the ,emperor's order4   
,his mind must have been filled with    
thoughts such as these3 ,where was the  
,russian fleet8 ,where could he find it8
 ,and if he did find it1 how could he   
destroy it8 ,in those hours of anxiety  
he formed one plan and abandoned it1    
thought out another scheme and gave it  
up4 ,finally he determined upon his     
course of action and wired ,mr4         
,matsukata1 ,after a thousand different 
thoughts now one fixed purpose4  ,there 
are a thousand demands upon the time and
 strength of the modern man4 ,they are  
bewildering and often conflicting4 ,the 
,christian man is not less busy than the
 man of the world1 and insistent calls  
are ringing in his ears every hour4 ,the
 ,church is increasingly needing his    
strength and leadership4 ,the state     
calls1 the city makes large drafts on   
his strength4 ,what shall he do8 ,what  
causes are most worth while8 ,how shall 

he spend his energy and his money8 ,what
 is the most alluring task8 ,let him    
choose the highest and the greatest way 
to spend his life4 ,if the missionary   
principle is not unalterably entrenched 
in the citadel of your life will you not
 resolve before you put this book down  
that henceforth all life shall be built 
around the one purpose which is most    
worth while2--to let life run out to the
 end rich and deep and full in the plans
 of ,god for the world8      ,breathe   
through the heats of our desire     ,thy
 coolness and ,thy balm2     ,let sense 
be dumb1 let flesh retire1     ,speak   
through earthquake1 wind1 and fire1     
,o still small voice of calm4      ,in  
simple trust like those who heard       
,beside the ,syrian ,sea1     ,the      
gracious calling of the ,lord1     ,let 
us1 like them1 without a word     ,rise 
up and follow ,thee4  ,,after ,a        
,,thousand ,,different ,,thoughts ,,now 
,,one ,,fixed ,,purpose4                
,,indispensable ,,literature ,,for      

,,missionary ,,committees        ,the   
,church ,missionary ,committee1         
,missionary ,education ,movement1       
#aef ,fifth ,avenue1 ,new ,york1 #e     
cents each4       ,manual of ,missionary
 ,methods1 ,j4 ,campbell ,white1        
,laymen's      ,missionary ,movement1 #a
 ,madison ,avenue1 ,new ,york1 #e cents 
each4       ,what ,can the ,missionary  
,committee ,do8 ,laymen's ,missionary   
,movement1 #a ,madison ,avenue1 ,new    
,york1 #e cents each4       ,essentials 
in an ,adequate ,plan of ,missionary    
,finance4 ,laymen's      ,missionary    
,movement1 #a ,madison ,avenue1 ,new    
,york4 #a cent each4       ,prayer and  
,missions4 ,a packet of nine pamphlets4 
,laymen's      ,missionary ,movement1 #a
 ,madison ,avenue1 ,new ,york4 #be cents
 per      packet4       ,stewardship4 ,a
 packet of thirteen booklets and        
leaflets4 ,laymen's      ,missionary    
,movement1 #a ,madison ,avenue1 ,new    
,york4 #ej cents per      packet4       
,forward ,mission ,study ,courses       

,anywhere1 provided it be               
,,forward4--,david ,livingstone4        
,prepared under the direction of the    
,,missionary ,,education ,,movement ,,of
 ,,the ,,united ,,states ,,and ,,canada 
,,editorial ,,committee3 ,t4 ,h4 ,p4    
,sailer1 ,chairman2 ,a4 ,e4 ,armstrong1 
,t4 ,b4 ,ray1 ,c4 ,l4 ,white1 ,j4 ,e4   
,mc,afee1 ,a4 ,r4 ,gray1 ,g4 ,f4        
,sutherland1 ,h4 ,p4 ,douglass1 ,w4 ,e4 
,doughty1 ,w4 ,w4 ,cleland1 ,j4 ,h4     
,poorman4  ,the ,forward ,mission ,study
 ,courses are an outgrowth of a         
conference of leaders in young people's 
mission work1 held in ,new ,york ,city1 
,december1 #aija4 ,to meet the need that
 was manifested at that conference for  
mission study text-books suitable for   
young people1 two of the delegates1     
,professor ,amos ,r4 ,wells1 of the     
,united ,society of ,christian          
,endeavor1 and ,mr4 ,s4 ,earl ,taylor1  
,chairman of the ,general ,missionary   
,committee of the ,epworth ,league1     
projected the ,forward ,mission ,study  

,courses4 ,these courses have been      
officially adopted by the ,missionary   
,education ,movement1 and are now under 
the immediate direction of the          
,editorial ,committee of the ,movement4 
,the books of the ,movement are now     
being used by more than forty home and  
foreign mission boards and societies of 
the ,united ,states and ,canada4  ,the  
aim is to publish a series of text-books
 covering the various home and foreign  
mission fields and problems and written 
by leading authorities4         99      
99       99       99       99  ,the     
following text-books having a sale of   
over #a1bjj1jjj have been published3    
#a4 ,,the ,,price ,,of ,,africa4        
7,biographical47 ,by ,s4 ,earl ,taylor4 
#b4 ,,into ,,all ,,the ,,world4 ,a      
general survey of missions4 ,by ,amos   
,r4 ,wells4  #c4 ,,princely ,,men ,,in  
,,the ,,heavenly ,,kingdom4             
7,biographical47 ,by ,harlan ,p4 ,beach4
  #d4 ,,sunrise ,,in ,,the ,,sunrise    
,,kingdom4 ,revised ,edition4 ,a study  

of ,japan4 ,by ,john ,h4 ,de,forest4    
#e4 ,,heroes ,,of ,,the ,,cross ,,in    
,,america4 ,home ,missions4             
7,biographical47 ,by ,don ,o4 ,shelton4 
#f4 ,,daybreak ,,in ,,the ,,dark        
,,continent4 ,revised ,edition4 ,a study
 of ,africa4 ,by ,wilson ,s4 ,naylor4   
#g4 ,,the ,,christian ,,conquest ,,of   
,,india4 ,a study of ,india4 ,by ,james 
,m4 ,thoburn4  #h4 ,,aliens ,,or        
,,americans8 ,a study of ,immigration4  
,by ,howard ,b4 ,grose4  #i4 ,,the      
,,uplift ,,of ,,china4 ,revised         
,edition4 ,a study of ,china4 ,by       
,arthur ,h4 ,smith4  #aj4 ,,the         
,,challenge ,,of ,,the ,,city4 ,a study 
of the ,city4 ,by ,josiah ,strong4  #aa4
 ,,the ,,why ,,and ,,how ,,of ,,foreign 
,,missions4 ,a study of the relation of 
the home ,church to the foreign         
missionary enterprise4 ,by ,arthur ,j4  
,brown4  #ab4 ,,the ,,moslem ,,world4 ,a
 study of the ,mohammedan ,world4 ,by   
,samuel ,m4 ,zwemer4  #ac4 ,,the        
,,frontier4 ,a study of the ,new ,west4 

,by ,ward ,platt4  #ad4 ,,south         
,,america3 ,its ,missionary ,problems4  
,a study of ,south ,america4 ,by ,thomas
 ,b4 ,neely4  #ae4 ,,the ,,upward       
,,path3 ,the ,evolution of a ,race4 ,a  
study of the ,negro4 ,by ,mary ,helm4   
#af4 ,,korea ,,in ,,transition4 ,a study
 of ,korea4 ,by ,james ,s4 ,gale4  #ag4 
,,advance ,,in ,,the ,,antilles4 ,a     
study of ,cuba and ,porto ,rico4 ,by    
,howard ,b4 ,grose4  #ah4 ,,the         
,,decisive ,,hour ,,of ,,christian      
,,missions4 ,a study of conditions      
throughout the non-,christian world4 ,by
 ,john ,r4 ,mott4  #ai4 ,,india         
,,awakening4 ,a study of present        
conditions in ,india4 ,by ,sherwood     
,eddy4  #bj4 ,,the ,,church ,,of ,,the  
,,open ,,country4 ,a study of the       
problem of the ,rural ,church4 ,by      
,warren ,h4 ,wilson4  #ba4 ,,the        
,,emergency ,,in ,,china4 ,a study of   
present-day conditions in ,china4 ,by   
,f4 ,l4 ,hawks ,pott4  #bb4 ,,mexico    
,,to-,,day3 ,social1 ,political1 and    

,religious ,conditions4 ,a study of     
present-day conditions in ,mexico4 ,by  
,george ,b4 ,winton4  #bc4 ,,immigrant  
,,forces4 ,a study of the immigrant in  
his home and ,american environment4 ,by 
,william ,p4 ,shriver4  ,in addition to 
these courses1 the following have been  
published especially for use among      
younger persons3  #a4 ,,uganda',s       
,,white ,,man ,,of ,,work4 ,the story of
 ,alexander ,mackay of ,africa4 ,by     
,sophia ,lyon ,fahs4  #b4 ,,servants    
,,of ,,the ,,king4 ,a series of eleven  
sketches of famous home and foreign     
missionaries4 ,by ,robert ,e4 ,speer4   
#c4 ,,under ,,marching ,,orders4 ,the   
story of ,mary ,porter ,gamewell of     
,china4 ,by ,ethel ,daniels ,hubbard4   
#d4 ,,winning ,,the ,,oregon ,,country4 
,the story of ,marcus ,whitman and      
,jason ,lee in the ,oregon country4 ,by 
,john ,t4 ,faris4  #e4 ,,the ,,black    
,,bearded ,,barbarian4 ,the story of    
,george ,leslie ,mackay of ,formosa4 ,by
 ,marian ,keith4  #f4 ,,ann ,,of ,,ava4 

,the story of ,ann ,hasseltine ,judson4 
,by ,ethel ,daniels ,hubbard4         99
       99       99       99       99    
,these books are published by mutual    
arrangement among the home and foreign  
mission boards1 to whom all orders      
should be addressed4 ,they are bound    
uniformly and are sold at #ej cents in  
cloth1 and #ce cents in paper2 postage1 
#h cents extra4     ,transcriber's      
,note3       99 ,text enclosed between  
equal signs was in bold face in the     
original 7bold74      99 ,pg iii ,added 
comma after race in ,unity of the race4 
99 ,pg iv ,added period after #ff in a  
,common ,world ,task1 #ff4      99 ,pg  
iv ,removed period after ,,conditions in
 ,,and ,,other ,,geographical           
,,conditions for consistency4      99   
,pg #ae thoroughgoing and ,pg #ajj      
thorough-going left as printed4      99 
,pg #aad ,added periods after listings  
#h and #bj4