of ,michigan's ,making of ,america collection47 ,,the ,,illustrated ,,self-,,instructor ,,in ,,phrenology ,,and ,,physiology1 ,,with ,,one ,,hundred ,,engravings1 ,,and ,a ,,chart ,,of ,,the ,,character ,,as ,,given ,,by ,,by ,o4 ,s4 ,,and ,l4 ,n4 ,,fowler1 ,,practical ,,phrenologists4 ,your head is the type of your mentality4 ,self-knowledge is the essence of all knowledge4 ,,new ,,york3 ,,fowler ,,and ,,wells1 ,,publishers #cjh ,,broadway4 ,boston3 #aheg4 ,philadelphia3 ,no4 #adb ,washington ,st4 ,no4 #bcd ,arch ,street ,entered1 according to act of ,congress1 in the year #ah by ,,fowlers ,,and ,,wells1 in the ,clerk's ,office of the ,district ,court for the ,southern ,district of ,new ,york4 ,,stereotyped ,,by ,,baner ,,palmer #bfa ,william st41 cor4 of ,frankfort1 ,n4 ,y4 ,conditions ,large ,very ,full ,aver- ,moder- ,small ,culti- ,re- ,large age ate vate strain ,vital ,temperament #ag #ag #ag #ag #ag #ag #afe ,powerful or ,motive #ah #ah #ah #ah #ah #ah #acg ,active or ,mental #ai #ai #ai #ai #ai #ai ,excitability of ditto #bj #bj #bj #bj #bj #bj #aeg #age ,constitution #cd #cd #cd #cd #cd #cd ,organic ,quality #dg #dg #dg #dg #dg #dg ,present state #dg #dg #dg #dg #dg #dg ,size of head #dh #di #di #di #di #ej ,,domestic ,,group #a4 ,amativeness #eb #eb #ec #ec #ec #ed #bah #b4 ,parental ,love #ee #ee #ef #ef #ef #ef #bbj #c4 ,adhesiveness #eg #eg #eh #eh #eh #eh #bbf #d4 ,inhabitiveness #fj #fj #fa #fa #fa #fa #bcb #e4 ,continuity #fb #fb #fb #fb #fb #fb #bcd ,,selfish ,,propensities #fc #fd #fd #fd #fd #fd ,e4 ,vitativeness #fd #fe #fe #fe #fe #fe #bcf #bcg #f4 ,combativeness #ff #ff #ff #ff #fg #fg #bci #bdj #g4 ,destructiveness #fg #fh #fi #fi #fi #fi #bdb #bdc #h4 ,alimentiveness #gj #gj #gj #ga #ga #ga #bde #bdf #i4 ,acquisitiveness #gb #gc #gc #gc #gd #gd #bdi #bej #aj4 ,secretiveness #ge #ge #gf #gf #gf #gg #beb #bec #aa4 ,cautiousness #gh #gh #gh #gh #gi #gi #bee #bef #ab4 ,approbativeness #gi #hj #hj #hj #hj #ha #beh #bei #ac4 ,self-,esteem #hb #hb #hb #hc #hc #hc #bfa #bfb #ad4 ,firmness #hd #he #he #he #he #he #bfe #bff ,,moral ,,faculties #hf #hf #hf #hf #hf #hf #bfh #bgj #ae4 ,conscientiousness #hg #hh #hh #hh #hi #hi #bfh #bgj #af4 ,hope #hi #ij #ij #ij #ij #ia #bgb #bgc #ag4 ,spirituality #ia #ib #ib #ib #ij #ib #bgf #bgg #ah4 ,veneration #ib #ic #id #id #id #id #bgi #bhj #ai4 ,benevolence #id #ie #if #if #if #if #bhb #bhc #bj4 ,constructiveness #ih #ig #ig #ig #ig #ig #bhe #bhf #ba4 ,ideality #ih #ih #ih #ii #ii #ii #bhh #bhi ,b4 ,sublimity #ii #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj #bij #bia #bb4 ,imitation #ajj #aja #aja #ajb #ajb #ajb #bic #bid #bc4 ,mirthfulness #ajc #ajc #ajc #ajc #ajc #ajd #bif #big ,,intellectual ,,facult4 #ajd #ajd #ajd #ajd #aje #aje ,,perceptive ,,faculties #aje #aje #aje #aje #ajf #ajf #bd4 ,individuality #ajg #ajg #ajg #ajg #ajg #ajh #dbd #be4 ,form #ajh #ajh #aji #aji #aji #aji #dcg #bf4 ,size #aji #aji #aaj #aaj #aaj #aaj #dda #bg4 ,weight #aaj #aaj #aaj #aaj #aaj #aaj #ddf #bh4 ,color #aaa #aaa #aaa #aaa #aaa #aaa #dej #bi4 ,order #aab #aab #aab #aab #aab #aab #def #cj4 ,calculation #aac #aac #aac #aad #aad #aad #dfj #ca4 ,locality #aad #aad #aad #aad #aad #aae #dfg ,,literary ,,faculties #aae #aae #aae #aae #aae #aae #cb4 ,eventuality #aaf #aaf #aaf #aag #aag #aag #dgf #cc4 ,time #aag #aag #aag #aag #aag #aag #dia #cd4 ,tune #aah #aah #aah #aah #aah #aah #ejd #ejf #ce4 ,language #aai #aai #abj #abj #abj #abj #eae ,,reasoning ,,faculties #aba #aba #aba #aba #aba #aba #cf4 ,causality #abb #abb #abc #abc #abc #abc #edh #cg4 ,comparison #abc #abd #abd #abd #abd #abe #ecf ,d4 ,human ,nature #abe #abe #abe #abe #abe #abe #edj ,d4 ,agreeableness #abf #abf #abf #abf #abf #abf #bii #bgc ,,symbolical ,,head4 ,illustration ,,numbering ,,and ,,definition ,,of ,,the ,,organs4 #a4 ,,amativeness1 ,sexual and connubial love4 #b4 ,,philoprogenitiveness1 ,parental love4 #c4 ,,adhesiveness1 ,friendship--sociability4 ,a4 ,,union ,,for ,,life1 ,love of one only4 #d4 ,,inhabitiveness1 ,love of home4 #e4 ,,continuity1 ,one thing at a time4 #f4 ,,combativeness1 ,resistance--defence4 #g4 ,,destructiveness1 ,executiveness--force4 #h4 ,,alimentiveness1 ,appetite1 hunger4 #i4 ,,acquisitiveness1 ,accumulation4 #aj4 ,,secretiveness1 ,policy--management4 #aa4 ,,cautiousness1 ,prudence1 provision4 #ab4 ,,approbativeness1 ,ambition--display4 #ac4 ,,self-,,esteem1 ,self-respect--dignity4 #ad4 ,,firmness1 ,decision--perseverance4 #ae4 ,,conscientiousness1 ,justice--equity4 #af4 ,,hope1 ,expectation--enterprise4 #ag4 ,,spirituality1 ,intuition--spiritual revery4 #ah4 ,,veneration1 ,devotion--respect4 #ai4 ,,benevolence1 ,kindness--goodness4 #bj4 ,,obstructiveness1 ,mechanical ingenuity4 #ba4 ,,ideality1 ,refinement--taste--purity4 ,b4 ,,sublimity1 ,love of grandeur4 #bb4 ,,imitation1 ,copying--patterning4 #bc4 ,,mindfulness1 ,jocoseness--wit--fun4 #bd4 ,,individuality1 ,observation4 #be4 ,,form1 ,recollection of shape4 #bf4 ,,size1 ,measuring by the eye4 #bg4 ,,weight1 ,balancing--climbing4 #bh4 ,,color1 ,judgment of colors4 #bi4 ,,order1 ,method--system--arrangement4 #cj4 ,,calculation1 ,mental arithmetic4 #ca4 ,,locality1 ,recollection of places4 #cb4 ,,eventuality1 ,memory of facts4 #cc4 ,,time1 ,cognizance of duration4 #cd4 ,,tune1 ,music--melody by ear4 #ce4 ,,language1 ,expression of ideas4 #cf4 ,,causality1 ,applying causes to effects4 #cg4 ,,comparison1 ,inductive reasoning4 ,c4 ,,human ,,nature1 ,perception of motives4 ,d4 ,,agreeableness1 ,pleasantness--suavity4 ,,preface ,,and ,,explanation4 ,to ,,teach ,,learners those organic conditions which indicate character1 is the first object of this manual2 and in order to render it accessible to all1 it condenses facts and conditions1 rather than elaborates arguments--because to ,,expound ,phrenology is its highest proof--states laws and results1 and leaves them upon their naked merits2 embodies recent discoveries2 and crowds into the fewest possible words and pages just what learners need to know2 and1 hence1 requires to be ,,studied rather than merely read4 ,short1 yet clear1 is its motto4 ,its numerous illustrative engravings give the results of very extensive professional observations and experience4 ,to ,,record ,,character is its second object4 ,in doing this1 it describes those organic conditions which affect and indicate character in ,,seven degrees of power--large1 very large1 full1 average1 moderate1 small1 and very small1 and refers those who have their physiological and phrenological conditions correctly marked in the accompanying tables1 to those paragraphs which both describe themselves1 and also contain specific directions how to ,,perfect ,,their characters and improve children4 ,its plan for recording character is seen at a glance in the following ,,explanation ,,of ,,the ,,tables4 ,those physiological and phrenological conditions marked ,,large have a powerful and almost ,,controlling influence over feelings and conduct1 both single and in combination1 and engross weaker ones into their service4 ,,very ,,large organic conditions are sovereign kings over character and conduct1 and singly and in combination with each other1 or with large organs1 direct and sway their possessor4 ,,full organs play subordinate parts1 yet are seen and felt1 and exert more real than apparent influence4 ,,average ones have considerable1 yet a limited influence1 but it is mainly in ,,combination with large ones though they affect character more than they seem to4 ,,moderate faculties are below par in fact1 and still more so in appearance2 exert a limited influence2 and leave character defective in these respects4 ,,small organs are so deficient as easily to be perceived2 leave their possessor weak and faulty in these points2 and should be assiduously cultivated2 while ,,very ,,small ones render him almost idiotic in these functions4 ,this table is so constructed as to record the ,,actual ,,power1 or quality and quantity of the physical and mental functions1 as deduced from size and activity combined1 and this is done by means of dots or written figures placed opposite the names of the organs and temperaments1 and the printed figures in the squares thus marked1 designate the number of the page in this work which contains the corresponding description of character2 and these paragraphs1 thus referred to in the body of the work1 have figures attached to them1 referring to the pages of ,fowler's ,phrenology1 where an elaborate description of the several functions are discussed at length1 with numerous combinations which shade and tone the character4 ,the six left hand columns refer to the pages of this work1 while the two right hand ones refer to those ,,numbered ,,paragraphs found throughout ,physiology1 ,self-,culture1 and ,memory1 which contain directions for cultivating1 restraining1 and rightly directing whatever physical functions or mental faculties may require either1 both in adults and children2 so that these works1 in conjunction with a correct marking in these tables1 furnish a complete directory for obviating faults1 supplying defects1 developing excellencies1 and perfecting one's self and children4 ,faculties marked with an upward curve1 thus1 symbol1 in the several squares1 are deficient1 and require cultivation2 while those marked with a downward curve1 thus1 symbol1 are liable to excess or perversion1 and should be carefully guarded and rightly directed2 while signifies about one third larger2 and -- one third smaller than a dot would indicate in the same place1 thus rendering one scale equal to twenty-one4 ,,marking ,,the ,,chart ,,by ,,figures4 ,some persons who record examinations prefer to use numerals to indicate the size of the organs4 ,we describe the organs in seven degrees of power1 and to indicate those degrees1 employ the written figures1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g4 ,when thus used1 #a means ,,very ,,small2 #b1 ,,small2 #c1 ,,moderate2 #d1 ,,average2 #e1 ,,full2 #f1 ,,large2 #g1 ,,very ,,large4 ,the signs 1 --1 symbol1 symbol1 mean the same as in the above table4 ,,the ,,self-,,instructor4 ,,section ,i4 ,,physiological ,,conditions ,,as ,,affecting ,,and ,,indicating ,,character4 ,i4--,,value ,,of ,,self-,,knowledge4 ,,knowledge is power--to accomplish1 to enjoy--and these are the only ends for which man was created4 ,,all knowledge confers this power4 ,thus1 how incalculably1 and in how many ways1 have recent discoveries in chemistry enhanced human happiness1 of which the lucifer match furnishes a home example4 ,increasing knowledge in agriculture is doubling the means of human sustenance4 ,how immeasurably have modern mechanical improvements multiplied1 and cheapened all the comforts of life4 ,how greatly have steamboats and railroads added to the former stock of human success and pleasures4 ,similar remarks apply to all other kinds of knowledge1 and as it increases from age to age will it proportionally multiply all forms of human happiness4 ,in fact1 its inherent nature and legitimate effect is to promote every species of enjoyment and success4 ,other things being equal1 those who know most1 by a law of things1 can both accomplish and enjoy most2 while ignorance instead of being bliss1 is the greatest cause of human weakness1 wickedness1 and woe4 ,hence1 to ,,enlighten man1 is the way to reform and perfect him4 ,but ,,self-knowledge is1 of all its other kinds1 both the most useful and promotive of personal and universal happiness and success4 ,know thyself was written1 in golden capitals1 upon the splendid temple of ,delphos1 as the most important maxim the wise men of ,greece could transmit to unborn generations2 and the ,scriptures wisely command us to search our own hearts4 ,since all happiness flows from obeying1 and all pain from violating1 the ,,laws ,,of ,,our ,,being1 to know our own selves is to know these laws1 and becomes the first step in the road of their obedience1 which is life4 ,self-knowledge1 by teaching the laws and conditions of life and health1 becomes the most efficacious means of prolonging the former and increasing the latter--both of which are paramount conditions of enjoying and accomplishing4 ,it also shows us our natural talents1 capabilities1 virtues1 vices1 strong and weak points1 liabilities to err1 etc41 and thereby points out1 unmistakably1 those occupations and spheres in which we can and cannot succeed and shine2 and develops the laws and conditions of human and personal virtue and moral perfection1 as well as of vice1 and how to avoid it4 ,it is1 therefore1 the quintessence of all knowledge2 places its possessor upon the very acme of enjoyment and perfection2 and bestows the highest powers and richest treasures mortals can possess4 ,in short1 to know ourselves perfectly1 is to know every law of our being1 every condition of happiness1 and every cause of suffering2 and to practice such knowledge1 is to render ourselves as perfectly happy1 throughout every department of our being1 as we can possibly be and live4 ,and since nothing in nature stands alone1 but each is reciprocally related to all1 and all1 collectively1 form one magnificent whole--since all stars and worlds mutually act and react upon each other1 to cause day and night1 summer and winter1 sun and rain1 blossom and fruit2 since every genus1 species1 and individual throughout nature is second or sixteenth cousin to every other2 and since man is the epitome of universal nature1 the embodiment of all her functions1 the focus of all her light1 and representative of all her perfections--of course to understand him thoroughly is to know all things4 ,nor can nature be studied advantageously without him for a text-book1 nor he without her4 ,moreover1 since man is composed of mind and body1 both reciprocally and most intimately related to each other--since his mentality is manifested only by bodily organs1 and the latter depends wholly upon the former1 of course his mind can be studied only through its ,,organic relations4 ,if it were manifested independently of his physiology1 it might be studied separately1 but since all his organic conditions modify his mentality1 the two must be studied ,,together4 ,heretofore humanity has been studied by piece-meal4 ,anatomists have investigated only his organic structure1 and there stopped2 and mental philosophers have studied him metaphysically1 wholly regardless of all his physiological relations2 while theologians have theorized upon his moral faculties alone2 and hence their utter barrenness1 from ,aristotle down4 ,as if one should study nothing but the trunk of a tree1 another only its roots1 a third its leaves1 or fruit1 without compounding their researches1 of what value is such piecemeal study8 ,if the physical man constituted one whole being1 and the mental another1 their separate study might be useful2 but since all we know of mind1 and can do with it1 is manifested and done wholly by means of physical instruments--especially since every possible condition and change of the physiology correspondingly affects the mentality--of course their ,,mutual relations1 and the laws of their ,,reciprocal action1 must be investigated collectively4 ,besides1 every mental philosopher has deduced his system from his own closet cogitations1 and hence their babel-like confusion4 ,but within the last half century1 a new star1 or rather sun1 has arisen upon the horizon of mind--a sun which puts the finger of ,,scientific ,,certainty upon every mental faculty1 and discloses those physiological conditions which affect1 increase or diminish1 purify or corrupt1 or in any other way modify1 either the mind itself1 or its products--thought1 feeling1 and character--and thereby reduces mental study to that same tangible basis of proportion in which all science consists2 leaving nothing dark or doubtful1 but developing the true ,,science ,,of ,,mind1 and the laws of its action4 ,of this1 the greatest of all discoveries1 ,gall was the author1 and ,phrenology and ,physiology the instruments which conjointly embrace whatever appertains to mind1 and to man1 in all his organic relations1 show how to perfect the former by improving the latter1 and disclose specific ,,signs ,,of ,,character1 by which we may know ourselves and our fellow-men with certainty--a species of knowledge most delightful in acquisition1 and valuable in application4 #b4--,,structure ,,corresponds ,,with ,,character4 ,throughout universal nature1 the structure of all things is powerful or weak1 hard or soft1 coarse or fine1 etc41 in accordance with its functions2 and in this there is a philosophical fitness or adaptation4 ,what immense power of function trees put forth1 to rear and sustain aloft1 at such great mechanical disadvantage1 their ponderous load and vast canvas of leaves1 limbs1 and fruit or seeds1 spread out to all the surgings of tempestuous winds and storms2 and the texture of wood is as compact and firm as its functional power is prodigious4 ,hence its value as timber4 ,but tender vegetables1 grains1 etc41 require little power1 and accordingly are fragile in structure4 ,lions1 tigers1 hyenas1 and all powerfully strong beasts1 have a correspondingly powerful organic structure4 ,the muscular strength of lions is so extraordinary1 that seizing wild cattle by the neck1 they dash through thicket1 marsh1 and ravine1 for hours together1 as a cat would drag a squirrel1 and their roar is most terrific2 and so powerful is their structure1 that it took ,drs4 ,mc,clintock1 ,allen1 myself1 and two experienced resurrectionists1 ,,four ,,hours1 though we worked with might and main1 just to cut off a magnificent ,numidian lion's head4 ,so hard and tough were the muscles and tendons of his neck1 that cutting them seemed like severing wire1 and after slitting all we could1 we were finally obliged to employ a powerful purchase to start them4 ,it took over three hard days' work to remove his skin4 ,so compact are the skins of the elephant1 rhinoceros1 alligator1 and some other animals of great muscular might1 that rifle-balls1 shot against them1 flatten and fall at their feet--their structure being as dense as their strength is mighty--while feeble animals have a correspondingly soft structure4 ,in like manner1 the flesh of strong persons is dense and most elastic1 while those of weakly ones are flabby1 and yield to pressure4 ,moreover1 fineness of texture manifests exquisiteness of sensibility1 as seen by contrasting human organism and feelings with brutes1 or fine-haired persons with coarse-haired4 ,of course1 a similar relation and adaptation exist between all other organic characteristics and their functions4 ,in short1 it is a ,,law as philosophical as universal1 that the structure of all beings1 and of each of their organs1 corresponds perfectly with their functions--a law based in the very nature and fitness of things1 and governing all shades and diversities of organization and manifestation4 ,accordingly those who are coarse-skinned are coarse in feeling1 and coarse-grained throughout2 while those finely organized are fine-minded1 and thus of all other textures of hair1 skin1 etc4 #c4--,,shape ,,corresponds ,,with ,,character4 ,matter1 in its primeval state1 was without form1 and void1 or gaseous1 but slowly condensing1 it solidified or ,,crystallized into minerals and rocks--and all rocks and minerals are crystalline--which1 decomposed by sun and air1 form soil1 and finally assume organic1 or animal and vegetable forms4 ,all crystals assume angular forms1 and all vegetables and animals those more or less spherical1 as seeds1 fruits1 etc41 in proportion as they are lower or higher in the creative scale2 though other conditions sometimes modify this result4 ,nature also manifests certain types of character in and by corresponding types of form4 ,thus all trees bear a general resemblance to all other trees in growth and general character1 and also in shape2 and those most nearly allied in character approximate in shape1 as pine1 hemlock1 firs1 etc41 while every tree of a given kind is shaped like all others of that kind1 in bark1 limb1 leaf1 and fruit4 ,so all grains1 grasses1 fruits1 and every bear1 horse1 elephant1 and human being bear a close resemblance to all others of its kind1 both in character and configuration1 and on this resemblance all scientific classification is based4 ,and1 since this general correspondence exists between all the divisions and subdivisions into classes1 genera1 and species of nature's works1 of course the resemblance is perfect between all the details of outward forms and inward mental characteristics2 for this law1 seen to govern nature in the outline1 must of course govern her in all her minutest details2 so that every existing outward shape is but the mirrored reflection of its inner likeness4 ,moreover1 since nature always clothes like mentalities in like shapes1 as oak1 pine1 apple1 and other trees1 and all lions1 sheep1 fish1 etc41 in other general types of form1 of course the more nearly any two beings approximate to each other in mental disposition1 do they resemble each other in shape4 ,thus1 not only do tiger form and character always accompany each other1 but leopards1 panthers1 cats1 and all feline species resemble this tiger shape more or less closely1 according as their dispositions approach or depart from his2 and monkeys approach nearer to the human shape1 and also mentality1 than any other animal except orang-outangs1 which are still more human both in shape and character1 and form the connecting link between man and brute4 ,how absolute and universal1 therefore1 the correspondence1 both in general outline and minute detail1 between shape and character4 ,hence the shape of all things becomes a sure index of its mentality4 #d4--,,resemblance ,,between ,,human ,,and ,,animal ,,physiognomy ,,and ,,character4 ,moreover1 some men closely resemble one or another of the animal species in both looks and character2 that is1 have the eagle1 or bull-dog1 or lion or baboon expression of face1 and when they do1 have the corresponding characteristics4 ,thus the lion's head and face are broad and stout built1 with a heavy beard and mane1 and a mouth rendered square by small front and large eye teeth1 and its corners slightly turning downward2 and that human ,lion of the ,north--who takes hold only of some great undertaking1 which he pursues with indomitable energy1 rarely pounces on his prey1 but when he does1 so roars that a nation quakes2 demolishes his victim2 and is an intellectual king among men--bears no slight physiognomical resemblance in his stout form1 square face and mouth1 large nose1 and open countenance1 to the king of beasts4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,lion ,,face4 ,,daniel ,,webster4 ,,tristam ,,burgess1 called in ,congress the ,bald ,eagle1 from his having the aquiline or eagle-bill nose1 a projection in the upper lip1 falling into an indentation in the lower1 his eagle-shaped eyes and eyebrows1 as seen in the accompanying engraving1 eagle-like in character1 was the most sarcastic1 tearing1 and soaring man of his day1 ,john ,randolph excepted4 ,and whoever has a long1 hooked1 hawk-bill1 or common nose1 wide mouth1 spare form1 prominence at the lower and middle part of the forehead1 is very fierce when assailed1 high tempered1 vindictive1 efficient1 and aspiring1 and will fly higher and farther than others4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,eagle ,,face4 ,no4 #b4 ,,tristam ,,burgess4 ,,tigers are always spare1 muscular1 long1 full over the eyes1 large-mouthed1 and have eyes slanting downward from their outer to inner angles2 and human beings thus physiognomically characterized1 are fierce1 domineering1 revengeful1 most enterprising1 not over humane1 a terror to enemies1 and conspicuous somewhere4 ,,bull-,,dogs1 generally fleshy1 square-mouthed--because their tusks project and front teeth retire--broad-headed1 indolent unless roused1 but then terribly fierce1 have their correspondent men and women1 whose growling1 coarse1 heavy voices1 full habit1 logy yet powerful motions1 square face1 down-turned corners of mouth1 and general physiognomical cast betoken their second-cousin relationship to this growling1 biting race1 of which the old line-tender at the ,newburgh dock is a sample4 ,,swine--fat1 logy1 lazy1 good-dispositioned1 flat and hollow-nosed--have their cousins in large-abdomened1 pud-nosed1 double-chinned1 talkative1 story-enjoying1 beer-loving1 good-feeling1 yes1 yes1 humans1 who love some easy business1 and hate ,,hard work4 ,horses1 oxen1 sheep1 owls1 doves1 snakes1 and even frogs1 etc41 also have their men and women cousins1 together with their accompanying characters4 ,these resemblances are more difficult to describe than to recognize2 but the forms of mouth1 nose1 and chin1 and sound of voice1 are the best basis of observation4 #e4--;,,beautiful1 ,,homely1 ,,and ,,other ,,forms4 ,in accordance with this general law1 that shape is as character1 well-proportioned persons have harmony of features1 and well-balanced minds2 whereas those1 some of whose features stick right out1 and others fall far in1 have uneven1 ill-balanced characters1 so that homely1 disjointed exteriors indicate corresponding interiors1 while evenly-balanced and exquisitely formed men and women have well-balanced and susceptible mentalities4 ,hence1 women1 more beautiful than men1 have finer feelings1 and greater perfection of character1 yet are less powerful--and the more beautifully formed the woman the more exquisite and perfect her mentality4 ,true1 some handsome women often make the greatest scolds1 just as the sweetest things1 when soured1 become correspondingly sour4 ,the finest things1 when perverted1 become the worst4 ,these two extremes are the worst tempered--those naturally beautiful and fine skinned1 become so exquisitely organized1 that when perverted they are proportionally bad1 and those naturally ugly-formed1 become ugly by nature4 ,yet ordinary-looking persons are often excellent dispositioned1 benevolent1 talented1 etc41 because they have a few ,,powerful traits1 and also features--the very thing we are explaining2 that is1 they have ,,extremes alike of face and character4 ,thus it is that every diversity of character has its correspondence in both the organic texture and physiognomical form4 ,to elucidate this subject fully we must explain another law1 that of #f4--;,,homogeneousness1 ,,or ,,oneness ,,of ,,structure4 ,every part of every thing bears an exact correspondence to that thing ,,as ,a ,,whole4 ,thus1 tall-bodied trees have long branches and leaves1 and short-bodied trees1 short branches and roots2 while creeping vines1 as the grape1 honey-suckle1 etc41 have long1 slim roots that run under ground as extensively as their tops do above4 ,the ,rhode ,island greening is a large1 well-proportioned apple1 and its tree is large in trunk1 limb1 leaf1 and root1 and symmetrical1 while the gillifleur is conical and its tree long limbed and even high to a peak at the top1 while flat and broad-topped trees bear wide1 flat1 sunken-eyed apples4 ,very thrifty growing trees1 as the ,baldwin1 fall pippin1 ,bartlet1 black ,tartarian1 etc41 generally bear large fruit1 while small fruit1 as the seckle pear1 lady apple1 bell de choisa cherry1 grow slowly1 and have many small twigs and branches4 ,beautiful trees that bear red fruit1 as the ,baldwin1 etc41 have red inner bark2 while yellow and green-colored fruits grow on trees the inner rind of whose limbs is yellow or green4 ,peach-trees1 that bear early peaches1 have deeply-notched leaves1 and the converse of late ones2 so that1 by these and other physiognomical signs1 experienced nurserymen can tell what a given tree is at first sight4 ,in accordance with this law of unity of structure1 long-handed persons have long fingers1 toes1 arms1 legs1 bodies1 heads1 and phrenological organs2 while short and broad-shouldered persons are short and broad-handed and fingered1 faced1 nosed1 and limbed1 and wide and low bodied4 ,when the bones on the hand are prominent1 all the bones1 nose included1 are generally so1 and thus of all other characteristics of the hand and any other part of the body4 ,hence1 let a hand be thrust through a hole1 and ,i will tell the general character of its owner1 because if it is large or small1 hard or soft1 strong or weak1 firm or flabby1 coarse-grained or fine-textured1 even or prominent1 rough or smooth1 small-boned or large-boned1 or whatever else1 his whole body is built upon the same principle1 with which his brain and mentality also correspond4 ,hence small-nosed persons have little soul1 and large-nosed a great deal of character of some kind2 large nostrils indicate powerful lungs and bodies2 while narrow nostrils indicate weak ones4 ,flat noses indicate flat minds1 and prominent noses strong points of character2 sharp noses1 keen1 clear intellects and intense feelings2 blunt noses1 obtuse minds2 long noses1 long heads2 hollow noses1 tame characters2 finely-formed noses1 well-proportioned character1 etc42 and thus of every part of the body4 ,and it is meet philosophical1 accordant with the principles of adaptation1 that this should be thus2 and renders observations on character easy and correct4 ,in general1 too1 tall persons have high heads1 and are more aspiring1 aim high1 and seek conspicuosity1 while short ones have flat heads1 and seek worldly pleasures4 ,tall persons are rarely mean1 though often grasping2 but very penurious persons are often broad built4 ,small persons generally have exquisite mentalities1 yet less power2 while great men are rarely dwarfs1 though great size often co-exists with sluggishness4 ,to particularize--there are four leading forms which indicate generic characteristics1 all existing in every one1 yet in different ,,degrees4 ,they are these3 #g4--,,the ,,broad1 ,,or ,,vital ,,structure4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,vital1 ,,or ,,animal ,,temperament4 ,no4 #c4 ,,hall4 ,thus1 ,indian ponies are broad built or thick set1 and accordingly very tough1 hardy1 enduring of labor1 and tenacious of life1 yet less active and nimble4 ,bull-dogs1 elephants1 and all round-favored animals and men1 also illustrate this law4 ,rotundity1 with a moderate-sized head1 indicates ancestral longevity2 and1 unless health has been abused1 renders it possessor strong constitutioned1 slow to ripen1 or better as they grow older2 full of animal life2 self-caring2 money-making2 fond of animal pleasures2 good feeling1 yet spirited when roused2 impulsive2 more given to physical than mental action2 better adapted to business than study1 and talking than writing2 more eloquent than argumentative2 wide rather than high or long headed2 more glowing than cool in feeling2 and more enthusiastic than logical or deep4 ,the preceding likeness represents this class1 and his ancestors exceeded #ajj4 ,he has never been sick2 can endure any thing1 and can never sit much in doors4 #h4--,,the ,,muscular1 ,,or ,,powerful ,,temperament1 ,gives projecting features1 bones1 noses1 eyebrows1 etc41 with distinctness of muscle2 and renders its possessors strong2 tough2 thorough-going2 forcible2 easy1 yet powerful of motion2 perhaps slow1 but very stout2 strongly marked1 if not idiosyncratic2 determined2 and impressive both physically and mentally1 who stamp their character on all they touch1 of whom ,alexander ,campbell is a good example4 ,illustration3 ,,prominent1 ,,or ,,powerful4 ,no4 #d4 ,,alexander ,,campbell4 #i4--,,the ,,long1 ,,or ,,active ,,form1 ,gives ,,activity4 ,thus the gazelle1 deer1 greyhound1 weasel1 and all long and slim animals1 are sprightly1 light-motioned1 agile1 quick1 nimble1 and full of action2 and those persons thus formed are restless1 wide awake1 always doing1 eager1 uncommonly quick to think and feel1 sprightly in conversation1 versatile in talent1 flexible1 suggestive1 abounding in idea1 apt at most things2 exposed to consumption1 because their action exceeds their strength1 early ripe1 brilliant1 and liable to premature exhaustion and disease1 because the mentality predominates over the vitality2 of which ,captain ,knight1 of the ship ,new ,world1 who has a world-wide reputation for activity1 enterprise1 daring1 impetuousness1 promptness1 judgment1 earnestness of execution1 affability1 and sprightliness1 furnishes a good example4 ,illustration3 ,,long1 ,,or ,,active4 ,no4 #e4 ,,capt4 ,,knight4 #aj4--,,the ,,sharp ,,and ,,angular1 ,,or ,,mental ,,organization1 ,have ardent desires2 intense feelings2 keen susceptibilities2 enjoy and suffer in the extreme2 are whole-souled2 sensitive2 positive in likes and dislikes2 cordial2 enthusiastic2 impulsive2 have their hobbies2 abound in good feeling1 yet are quick-tempered2 excitable2 liable to extremes2 too much creatures of feeling1 and have a great deal of what we call ,,soul1 or passion1 or warmth of feeling4 ,this temperament prevails in ,,brilliant writers or speakers1 who are too refined and sensitive for the mass of mankind4 ,they gleam in their career of genius1 and are liable to burn out their vital powers on the altar of nervous excitability1 and like ,pollok1 ,h4 ,k4 ,white1 ,mc,donald ,clarke1 or ,leggett1 fall victims to premature death4 ,early attention to the physical training of children would spare to the world the lives and usefulness of some of the brightest stars in the firmament of science4 ,illustration3 ,,sharp ,,and ,,angular1 ,,or ,,excitable4 ,no4 #f4 ,,voltaire4 #aa4--;,,combinations ,,of ,,temperament4 ,these shapes1 or structures1 called temperaments1 however1 never exist separately2 yet since all may be strong1 or all weak1 or either predominant or deficient1 of course their ,,combinations with each other and with the ,phrenology exert potent influences over character1 and put the observer in possession of both the outline and the inner temple of character4 ,breadth of organization gives endurance1 animal power1 and animal feelings2 and sharpness gives intensity of action1 along with mind as mind and the two united1 give both that rapidity and clearness of mind and that intense glow of feeling which make the orator4 ,accordingly1 all truly eloquent men will be found to be broad built1 round-shouldered1 portly1 and fleshy1 and yet rather sharp-featured4 ,of these1 ,sidney ,smith furnishes a sample4 ,his nose indicates the sharpness of the mental temperament1 and his fullness of face the breadth of the animal--the blending of which gives that condensation of fervor and intellectuality which make him ,sidney ,smith4 ,intensity of feeling is the leading element of good speaking1 for this excites feeling1 and moves the masses4 ,wirt had this temperament4 ,it predominates in ,preston1 and in every man noted for eloquence4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,excitable1 ,,oratorical1 ,,or ,,mental ,,vital4 ,no4 #g4 ,,sidney ,,smith4 ,the sharp and broad1 combined with smallness of stature1 is still more susceptible1 yet lacks strength4 ,such will be extremely happy1 or most miserable1 or both1 and are liable to die young1 because their action is too great for their endurance4 ,the vital mental1 or broad and sharp1 gives great power of constitution1 excellent lungs and stomach1 strong enjoying susceptibilities1 intense love of pleasure1 a happy1 ease-loving cast of body and mind2 powerful passions1 most intense feelings1 and a story and song-loving disposition1 and1 with large ,tune1 superior singing powers4 ,this is1 ,,par ,,excellence1 the singing temperament4 ,it also loves poetry and eloquence1 and often executes them4 ,of this organism1 its accompanying character1 ,dempster1 furnishes an excellent example4 ,illustration3 ,,nd ,,sharp ,,organization4 ,no4 #h4 ,,dempster4 ,illustration3 ,,vital ,,motive4 ,no4 #i4 ,,phineas ,,stevens4 ,,the ,,vital ,,motive ,,apparatus1 or powerful and animal temperament1 is indicated by the broad and prominent in shape1 and renders its possessor of good size and height1 if not large2 well-proportioned2 broad-shouldered2 muscular2 nose and cheek-bones prominent2 visage strongly marked2 features often coarse and homely2 countenance stern and harsh2 face red2 hair red or sandy1 if not coarse2 and movements strong1 but often awkward1 and seldom polished4 ,he will be best adapted to some laborious occupation1 and enjoy hard work more than books or literary pursuits2 have great power of feeling1 and thus require much self-government2 possess more talent than he exhibits to others1 manifest his mind more in his business1 in creating resources and managing matters1 than in literary pursuits or mind as such2 and improve with age1 growing better and more intellectual as he grows older2 and manufactures as much animal steam as he can work off1 even if he works all the time hard4 ,such men ,,accomplish2 are strong-minded2 sensible2 hard to beat2 indomitable2 often impulsive2 and strong in passion when once aroused2 as well as often excellent men4 ,yet this temperament is capable of being depraved1 especially if the subject drinks4 ,sailors usually have this temperament1 because fresh air and hard work induce it4 ,illustration3 ,,prominent ,,and ,,sharp4 ,no4 #aj4 ,,dr4 ,,caldwell4 ,,the ,,motive ,,mental ,,temperament1 or the prominent and sharp in structure1 with the motive predominant1 and the vital average or full1 is of good size2 rather tall and slim2 lean and raw-boned1 if not homely and awkward2 poor in flesh2 bones and features prominent1 particularly the nose2 a firm and distinct muscle1 and a good physical organization2 a keen1 piercing1 penetrating eye2 the front upper teeth rather large and projecting2 the hands1 fingers1 and limbs all long2 a long face1 and often a high forehead2 a firm1 rapid1 energetic walk2 and great ease and efficiency of action1 accompanied with little fatigue4 ,he will have strong desires1 and much energy of character2 will take hold of projects with both hands1 and drive forward in spite of obstacles1 and hence is calculated to accomplish a great deal2 is not idle or lazy1 but generally prefers to wait upon himself2 will move1 walk1 etc4 in a decided1 forcible1 and straightforward manner2 have strong passions2 a tough and wiry brain and body2 a strong and vigorous mind2 good judgment2 a clear head1 and talents more solid than brilliant2 be long-headed2 bold2 cool2 calculating2 fond of deep reasoning and philosophizing1 of hard thinking1 and the graver and more solid branches of learning4 ,this is the thorough-going temperament2 imparts business powers2 predisposes to hard work1 and is indispensable to those who engage in great undertakings1 or who would rise to eminence4 ,one having the mental temperament predominant1 the motive full or large1 and the vital average to full1 will differ in build from the preceding description only in his being smaller1 taller in proportion1 and more spare4 ,he will have a reflective1 thinking1 planning1 discriminating cast of mind2 a great fondness for literature1 science1 and intellectual pursuits of the deeper1 graver kind2 be inclined to choose a professional or mental occupation2 to exercise his body much1 but his mind more2 will have a high forehead2 good moral faculties2 and the brain developed more from the root of the nose1 over to ,philoprogenitiveness1 than around the ears4 ,in character1 also1 the moral and intellectual faculties will predominate4 ,this temperament is seldom connected with depravity1 but generally with talent1 and a manifestation1 not only of superior talents1 but of the solid1 metaphysical1 reasoning1 investigating intellect2 a fondness for natural philosophy1 the natural sciences1 etc4 ,it is also the temperament for authorship and clear-headed1 labored productions4 ,it predominates in ,revs4 ,jonathan ,edwards1 ,wilbur ,fiske1 ,n4 ,taylor1 ,e4 ,a4 ,parke1 ,leonard ,bacon1 ,albert ,barnes1 ,oberlin1 and ,pres4 ,day2 ,drs4 ,parish and ,rush2 in ,hitchcock1 ,jas4 ,brown1 the grammarian1 ex-,u4,s4 ,attorney-,general ,butler1 ,hugh ,i4 ,white1 ,wise1 ,asher ,robbins1 ,walter ,jones1 ,esq41 of ,washington1 ,d4,c41 ,franklin1 ,alex4 ,hamilton1 ,chief-,justice ,marshall1 ,calhoun1 ,john ,q4 ,adams1 ,percival1 ,noah ,webster1 ,geo4 ,combe1 ,lucretia ,mott1 ,catherine ,waterman1 ,mrs4 ,sigourney1 and nearly every distinguished author and scholar4 ,the accompanying engraving of ,william ,cullen ,bryant furnishes as excellent an illustration of the shape that accompanies this temperament1 as his character does of its accompanying mentality4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,mental ,,motive ,,temperament4 ,no4 #aa4 ,,william ,,cullen ,,bryant4 ,,the ,,long ,,and ,,sharp combine the highest order of action and energy with promptness1 clearness1 and untiring assiduity1 and considerable power4 ,such are best fitted for some light1 active business1 requiring more brightness and quickness than power1 such as merchants4 ,,the ,,organs ,,that ,,accompany ,,given ,,temperaments4--,not only do certain outlines of character and drifts of talent go along with certain kinds of organizations1 but certain phrenological developments accompany certain temperaments4 ,as the pepper secretes the smarting1 the sugar-cane sweetness1 castor-beans and whales1 oil1 etc41 throughout nature1 so certain temperaments secrete more brain than others2 and some1 brain in particular regions of the head2 and others1 brain in other regions of the head--but all form most of those organs best adapted to carry out those characteristics already shown to accompany the several temperaments4 ,thus1 the vital or animal temperament secretes brain in the neighborhood of the ears1 so that along with breadth of body goes that width of head which gives that full development of the animal organs which is required by the animal temperament4 ,thus1 breadth of form1 width of head1 and animality of temperament and character1 all go together4 ,,prominence of organization1 or the motive or powerful temperament1 gives force of character1 and secretes brain in the crown of the head1 and over the eyes1 along with ,combativeness1 ,destructiveness1 ,appetite1 and ,acquisitiveness4 ,these are the very organs required by this temperament2 for they complete that force which embodies the leading element of this organization4 ,i never saw this temperament unaccompanied with prodigious ,firmness1 and great ,combativeness and perceptives4 ,,the ,,mental ,,vital4--,the finest and most exquisite organization is that which unites the mental in predominance with the animal1 the prominent retiring4 ,in this case1 the person is rather short1 the form light1 the face and person full1 and the hair brown or auburn1 or between the two4 ,it will sometimes be found in men1 but much oftener in women4 ,it is the feeling1 sentimental1 exalted1 angelic temperament2 and always imparts purity1 sweetness1 devotion1 exquisiteness1 susceptibility1 loveliness1 and great moral worth4 ,illustration3 ,,mental ,,vital4 ,no4 #ab4 ,,fanny ,,forrester4 ,the phrenological organs which accompany this temperament1 are--smaller ,firmness1 deficient ,self-,esteem1 large or very large ,approbativeness1 smaller ,destructiveness1 ,appetite not large1 ,adhesiveness and ,philoprogenitiveness very large1 ,amativeness fair2 the head wide1 not directly round the ears1 but at the upper part of the sides1 including ,ideality1 ,mirthfulness1 ,sublimity1 and ,cautiousness2 and a fine top head1 rising at ,benevolence quite as much as at ,firmness1 and being wide on the top1 whereas the motive temperament gives perhaps a ridge in the middle of the head1 but not breadth on the top1 and leaves the head much higher at the back part than at ,benevolence4 ,benevolence1 however1 often accompanies the animal temperament1 and especially that quiet goodness which grants favors because the donor is too pliable1 or too easy1 to refuse them4 ,but for tenderness of sympathy1 and whole-souled interest for mankind1 no temperament is equal to the vital mental4 ,the motive mental1 however1 is the one most common in reformers4 ,the reason is this4 ,the mentality imparted by this temperament sees the miseries of mankind1 and weeps over them2 and the force of character imparted by it pushes vigorously plans for their amelioration4 ,the outer portion of ,causality1 which plans1 often accompanies the animal temperament2 the inner1 which reasons1 the motive mental and mental4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,well-,,balanced ,,organization4 ,no4 #ac4 ,,washington4 ,the more perfect these organic conditions1 the better4 ,greater breadth than sharpness1 or more vitality than action1 causes sluggishness1 dullness of feeling1 and inertness1 while too great action for strength1 wears out its possessor prematurely4 ,more prominence than sharpness1 leaves talents latent1 or undeveloped1 while predominant sharpness and breadth1 give such exquisite sensibilities1 as that many things harrow up all the finer sensibilities of keen-feeling souls4 ,but when all are powerful and ,,equally ,,balanced1 they combine all the conditions of power1 activity1 and susceptibility2 allow neither icy coldness1 nor passion's burning heat1 but unite cool judgment1 intense but well-governed feelings1 great force of both character and intellect1 and perfect consistency and discretion with extraordinary energy2 sound common sense1 and far-seeing sagacity1 with brilliancy2 and bestow the highest order of ,physiology and ,phrenology4 ,such an organization and character were those of ,,washington4 ,besides these prominent signs of character1 there are many others1 among which1 #ab4--,,the ,,laugh ,,corresponds ,,with ,,the ,,character4 ,those who laugh very heartily1 have much cordiality and whole-souledness of character1 except that those who laugh heartily at trifles1 have much feeling1 yet little sense4 ,those whose giggles are rapid1 but light1 have much intensity of feeling1 yet lack power2 whereas those who combine rapidity with force in laughing1 combine them in character4 ,one of the greatest workers ,i ever employed1 ,i hired just because he laughed heartily1 and he worked just as he laughed4 ,but a colored domestic who laughed very rapidly1 but ,,lightly1 took a great many steps to do almost nothing1 and though she worked fast1 accomplished little4 ,vulgar persons always laugh vulgarly1 and refined persons show refinement in their laugh4 ,those who ha1 ha1 right out1 unreservedly1 have no cunning1 and are open-hearted in every thing2 while those who suppress laughter1 and try to control their countenances in it1 are more or less secretive4 ,those who laugh with their mouth closed1 are non-committal2 while those who throw it wide open1 are unguarded and unequivocal in character4 ,those who1 suppressing laughter for a while1 burst forth volcano-like1 have strong characteristics1 but are well governed1 yet violent when they give way to their feelings4 ,then there is the intellectual laugh1 the love laugh1 the horse laugh1 the ,philoprogenitive laugh1 the friendly laugh1 and many other kinds of laugh1 each indicative of corresponding mental developments4 #ac4--,,the ,,walk ,,as ,,indicating ,,character4 ,as already shown1 texture corresponds to character1 and motion to texture1 and therefore to character4 ,those whose motions are awkward1 yet easy1 possess much efficiency and positiveness of character1 yet lack polish2 and just in proportion as they become refined in mind1 will their mode of carriage be correspondingly improved4 ,a short and quick step1 indicates a brisk and active1 but rather contracted mind1 whereas those who take long steps1 generally have long heads2 yet if their step be slow1 they will make comparatively little progress1 while those whose step is ,,long ,,and ,,quick1 will accomplish proportionately much1 and pass most of their competitors on the highway of life4 ,their heads and plans1 too1 will partake of the same far-reaching character evinced in their carriage4 ,those who sluff or drag their heels1 drag and drawl in every thing2 while those who walk with a springing1 bounding step1 abound in mental snap and spring4 ,those whose walk is mincing1 affected1 and artificial1 rarely1 if ever1 accomplish much2 whereas those who walk carelessly1 that is naturally1 are just what they appear to be1 and put on nothing for outside show4 ,those who1 in walking1 roll from side to side1 lack directness of character1 and side every way1 according to circumstances2 whereas1 those who take a bee line--that is1 whose body moves neither to the right nor left1 but straight forward--have a corresponding directness of purpose1 and oneness of character4 ,those also who tetter up and down when they walk1 rising an inch or two every step1 will have many corresponding ups and downs in life1 because of their irregularity of character and feeling4 ,those1 too1 who make a great ado in walking1 will make much needless parade in every thing else1 and hence spend a great amount of useless steam in all they undertake1 yet accomplish little2 whereas those who walk easily1 or expend little strength in walking1 will accomplish great results with a little strength1 both mentally and physically4 ,in short1 every individual has his own peculiar mode of moving1 which exactly accords with his mental character2 so that1 as far as you can see such modes1 you can decipher such outlines of character4 ,to ,,dancing1 these principles apply equally4 ,dr4 ,wieting1 the celebrated lecturer on physiology1 once asked where he could find something on the temperaments1 and was answered1 ,nowhere2 but if ,i can ever see you among men1 ,i will give you a ,,practical lesson upon it4 ,accordingly1 afterward1 chance threw us together in a hotel1 in which was a dancing-school that evening4 ,insisting on the fulfillment of our promise1 we accompanied him into the dancing saloon1 and pointed out1 first1 a small1 delicately moulded1 fine skinned1 pocket-,venus1 whose motions were light1 easy1 waving1 and rather characterless1 who put forth but little strength in dancing4 ,we remarked--,she is very exquisite in feelings1 but rather light in the upper story1 lacking sense1 thought1 and strength of mind4 ,of a large1 raw-boned1 bouncing ,betty1 who threw herself far up1 and came down good and solid1 when she danced1 we remarked--,she is one of your strong1 powerful1 determined characters1 well suited to do up rough work1 but utterly destitute of polish1 though possessed of great force4 ,others came in for their share of criticism--some being all dandy1 others all business1 yet none all intellect4 #ad4--,,the ,,mode ,,of ,,shaking ,,hands ,also expresses character4 ,thus those who give a tame and loose hand1 and shake lightly1 have a cold1 if not heartless and selfish disposition1 rarely sacrificing much for others--probably conservatives1 and lack warmth of soul4 ,but those who grasp firmly1 and shake heartily1 have a corresponding whole-souledness of character1 are hospitable1 and will sacrifice business to friends2 while those who bow low when they shake hands1 add deference to friendship1 and are easily led1 for good or bad1 by friends4 #ae4 ,,the ,,mouth ,,and ,,eyes ,,peculiarly ,,expressive ,,of ,,character4 ,every mouth differs from every other1 and indicates a coincident character4 ,large mouths express a corresponding quantity of mentality1 while small ones indicate a lesser amount of mentality4 ,a coarsely formed mouth indicates power of character1 while one finely formed indicates exquisite susceptibilities4 ,hence small1 delicately-formed mouths1 indicate only common minds1 but very fine feelings1 with much perfection of character4 ,whenever the muscles about the mouth are distinct the character is correspondingly positive1 and the reverse4 ,those who open their mouths wide and frequently1 thereby evince an open soul1 while closed mouths1 unless to hide deformed teeth1 are proportionately secretive4 ,and thus of the eyes4 ,in travelling west1 in #ahdb1 we examined a man who made great pretension to religion1 but was destitute of ,conscience1 whom we afterward ascertained to be an impostor4 ,while attending the ,farmers' ,club1 in ,new ,york1 this scamp came in1 and besides keeping his eyes half closed half the time1 frequently shut them so as to peep out upon those present1 but opened them barely enough to secure vision4 ,those who keep their eyes half shut1 are peekaboos and eavesdroppers1 and those who use squinting glasses are no better1 unless they merely copy a foolish fashion4 ,the use of quizzing glasses indicates either defective sight or defective mentalities1 but are rarely if ever employed except as a fashionable appendage4 ,those1 too1 who keep their coats buttoned up1 fancy high-necked and closed dresses1 etc41 are equally non-communicative1 but those who like open1 free1 flowing garments1 are equally open-hearted and communicative4 #af4--;,,intonations ,,as ,,expressive ,,of ,,character4 ,whatever makes a noise1 from the deafening roar of sea1 cataract1 and whirlwind's mighty crash1 through all forms of animal life1 to the sweet and gentle voice of woman1 makes a sound which agrees perfectly with its character4 ,thus the terrific roar of the lion1 and the soft cooing of the dove1 correspond exactly with their respective dispositions2 while the rough and powerful bellow of the bull1 the fierce yell of the tiger1 the coarse guttural moan of the hyena1 and the swinish grunt1 the sweet warblings of birds1 in contrast with the raven's croak1 and owl's hoot1 each corresponds perfectly with their respective characteristics4 ,and this law holds equally true of man--that the human intonations are as superior to brutal as human character exceeds animal4 ,accordingly1 the peculiarities of every human being are expressed in his voice1 and mode of speaking4 ,coarse-grained and powerfully animal organizations have a coarse1 harsh1 and grating voice1 while in exact proportion as persons become refined1 and elevated mentally1 will their tones of voice become correspondingly refined and perfected4 ,we little realize how much of character we infer from this source4 ,thus1 some female friends are visiting me transiently4 ,a male friend1 staying with me1 enters the room1 is seen by my female company1 and his walks1 dress1 manners1 etc41 closely scrutinized1 yet says nothing1 and retires1 leaving a comparatively indistinct impression as to his character upon my female visitors1 whereas1 if he simply said yes or no1 the mere ,,sound of his voice communicates to their minds most of his character1 and serves to fix distinctly upon their minds clear and correct general ideas of his mentality4 ,the barbarous races use the guttural sounds1 more than the civilized4 ,thus ,indians talk more down the throat than white men1 and thus of those men who are lower or higher in the human scale4 ,those whose voices are clear and distinct have clear minds1 while those who only half form their words1 or are heard indistinctly1 say by deaf persons1 are mentally obtuse4 ,those who have sharp1 shrill intonations have correspondingly intense feelings1 and equal sharpness both of anger and kindness1 as is exemplified by every scold in the world2 whereas those with smooth1 or sweet voices have corresponding evenness and goodness of character4 ,yet contradictory as it may seem1 these same persons not unfrequently combine both sharpness and softness of voice1 and such always combine them in character4 ,there is also the intellectual1 the moral1 the animal1 the selfish1 the benignant1 the mirthful1 the devout1 the love1 and many other intonations1 each accompanying corresponding peculiarities of characters4 ,in short1 every individual is compelled1 by every word he utters1 to manifest something of his true character--a sign of character as diversified as it is correct4 #ag4--;,,hair1 ,,skin1 ,,etc41 ,,as ,,indicating ,,character4 ,coarseness of texture indicates a coarseness of function2 while a fine organization indicates a corresponding fineness of mentality4 ,and since when one part is coarse or fine1 all are equally so1 so1 therefore1 coarseness of skin and hair indicate a coarse-grained brain1 and coarseness of mind2 yet since coarseness indicates power1 such persons usually posses a great deal of character of some kind4 ,hence dark-skinned nations are behind light-haired in all the improvements of the age1 and the higher1 finer manifestations of humanity4 ,so1 too1 dark-haired persons1 like ,webster are frequently possessed of great power1 yet lack the finer and more delicate shadings of sensibility and purity4 ,coarse black hair and skin1 or coarse red hair and face1 indicate powerful animal propensities1 together with corresponding strength of character2 while fine and light hair indicate quick susceptibilities1 together with purity1 refinement1 and good taste4 ,fine dark or brown hair1 indicates a combination of exquisite susceptibilities with great strength of character2 while auburn-colored hair1 and a florid countenance1 indicate the highest order of exquisiteness and intensity of feeling1 yet with corresponding purity of character and love of virtue1 together with the highest susceptibilities of enjoyment and suffering4 ,and the intermediate colors and textures indicate intermediate mentalities4 ,coarse-haired persons should never turn dentists or clerks1 but should seek some out-door employment2 and would be better contented with rough1 hard work than a light or sedentary occupation1 although mental and sprightly occupations would serve to refine and improve them2 while dark and fine-haired persons may choose purely intellectual occupations1 and become lecturers or writers with fair prospects of success4 ,red-haired persons should seek out-door employment1 for they require a great amount of air and exercise2 while those who have light1 fine hair1 should choose occupations involving taste and mental acumen1 yet take bodily exercise enough to tone and vigorate their system4 ,generally1 whenever skin1 hair1 or features are fine or coarse1 the others are equally so4 ,yet some inherit fineness from one parent1 and coarseness from the other1 while the color of the eye generally corresponds with that of the skin1 and expresses character4 ,light eyes indicate warmth of feeling1 and dark eyes power4 ,the mere expression of eye conveys precise ideas of the existing and predominant states of the mentality and physiology4 ,as long as the constitution remains unimpaired1 the eye is clear and bright1 but becomes languid and soulless in proportion as the brain has been enfeebled4 ,wild1 erratic persons1 have a half-crazed expression of eye1 while calmness1 benignancy1 intelligence1 purity1 sweetness1 love1 lasciviousness1 anger1 and all the other mental affections1 express themselves quite as distinctly in the eye as voice1 or any other mode4 #ah4--,,physiognomy4 ,jackson ,davis well remarked that1 in the spirit land1 conversation is carried on mainly1 not by words1 but by ,,expression ,,of ,,countenance--that spirits ,,look their thoughts and motions1 rather than talk them4 ,certain it is that the countenance discloses a greater amount of thought and feeling1 together with their nicer shades and phases1 than words can possibly communicate4 ,whether we will or no1 we cannot ,,help revealing the innermost recesses of our souls in our faces4 ,by what means is this effected8 ,clairvoyants say by magnetic centres1 called poles2 each physical and mental organ has its pole stationed in a given part of the face1 so that1 when such organ becomes active1 it influences such poles1 and contracts facial muscles1 which express the corresponding emotions4 ,that there exists an intimate relation between the stomach and one part of the face1 the lungs and another1 etc41 is proved by the fact that consumptive patients always have a hectic flush on the cheek1 just externally from the lower portion of the nose1 while inactive lungs cause paleness1 and healthy ones give the rosy cheek2 and that dyspeptic patients are always lank and thin opposite the double teeth1 while those whose digestion is good1 are full between the corners of the mouth and lower portion of the ears4 ,since1 therefore1 ,,some of the states of some of the internal organs express themselves in the face1 of course every organ of the body must do the same--the magnetic pole of the heart beginning in the chin4 ,those whose circulation is vigorous1 have broad and rather prominent chins2 while those who are small and narrow-chinned have feeble hearts2 and thus all the other internal organs have their magnetic poles in various parts of the face4 ,in like manner have all the ,,phrenological organs4 ,in #ahda1 ,dr4 ,sherwood1 ,la ,roy ,sunderland1 and ,o4 ,s4 ,fowler1 aided by a magnetic subject1 located the poles of most of the phrenological and physiological organs1 some of which were as follows3 ,acquisitiveness on each side of the middle portion of the nose1 at its junction with the cheek1 causing breadth of nose in proportion to the money-grasping instincts1 while a narrow nose indicated a want of the speculative turn4 ,firmness is in the upper lip1 midway between its edge and the nose1 giving length1 prominence1 and a compression of the upper lip4 ,hence1 when we would exhort to determined perseverance1 we say1 ,keep a stiff upper lip4 ,self-,esteem has its pole externally from that of ,firmness1 and between the outer portion of the nose and the mouth1 causing a fullness1 as if a quid of tobacco were under the upper lip4 ,the affections were described as having their poles in the edges of the lips1 and hence the philosophy of kissing4 ,the pole of ,mirthfulness is located externally1 and above the outer corners of the mouth1 and hence the drawing up of these corners in laughter4 ,approbativeness has its pole directly outward from these corners1 and hence the approbative laugh does not turn the corners of the mouth upward1 but draws them straight back1 or outwardly4 ,like locations were assigned to nearly all the other organs4 ,that physiognomy has its science--that fixed and absolute relations exist between the phrenological organs and given portions of the face is not a matter of question4 ,the natural language of the organs1 as seen in the attitudes of the head1 indicate not only the presence of large and active organs1 but also the signs of their deficiency4 ,self-,esteem throws the head upward and backward toward the seat of its organ2 ,approbativeness1 back and toward the side2 ,philoprogenitiveness1 directly back1 but not upward2 ,firmness draws the head up1 in a stiff1 perpendicular position2 ,individuality thrusts the head forward toward its organ1 and gives the man a staring1 gazing aspect2 small ,self-,esteem lets the head droop forward4 ,man was made both to disclose his own character1 and to read that of others4 ,than this form of knowledge1 none is more inviting or useful4 ,hence ,god has caused the inherent character of every living being and thing to gush out through every organ of the body1 and every avenue of the soul2 and also created in both brute and man a character-reading faculty1 to take intuitive cognizance of the mental operations4 ,nor will she let any one lie1 any more than lie herself1 but compels all to carry the flag of their character at their mast-heads1 so that all acquainted with the signs may see and read4 ,if we attempt deception1 the very effort convicts us4 ,if all nature's signs of character were fully understood1 all could read not only all the main characters of all they see1 but even most thoughts and feelings passing in the mind for the time being--a gift worth more than ,astor's millions4 #ai4--,,redness ,,and ,,paleness ,,of ,,face4 ,thus far our remarks have appertained to the constant colors of the face1 yet those colors are often diversified or changed for the time being4 ,thus1 at one time1 the whole countenance will be pale1 at another1 very red2 each of which indicates the existing states of body and mind4 ,or thus2 when the system is in a perfectly healthy state1 the whole face will be suffused with the glow of health and beauty1 and have a red1 but never an inflamed aspect2 yet any permanent injury of health1 which prostrates the bodily energies1 will change this florid complexion into dullness of countenance indicating that but little blood comes to the surface or flows to the head and a corresponding stagnation of the physical and mental powers4 ,yet1 after a time1 this dullness frequently gives way to a fiery redness2 not the floridness of health1 but the redness of inflammation and false excitement1 which indicates a corresponding depreciation of the mental faculties4 ,very red-faced persons1 so far from being the most healthy1 are frequently the most diseased1 and are correspondingly more animal and sensual in character2 because physiological inflammation irritates the propensities more1 relatively1 than the moral and intellectual faculties1 though it may1 for the time being1 increase the latter also4 ,when the moral and intellectual faculties greatly predominate over the animal1 such redness of the face may not cause coarse animality1 because while it heightens the animal nature1 it also increases the intellectual and moral1 which1 being the larger1 hold them in check1 but when the animal about equals the moral and intellectual1 this inflammation evinces a greater increase of animality than intellectuality and morality4 ,gross sensualists1 and depraved sinners1 generally have a fiery1 red countenance4 ,stand aloof from them1 for their passions are all on fire1 ready to ignite and explode on provocations so slight that a healthy physiology would scarcely notice them4 ,this point can hardly be more fully intelligible2 but let readers note the difference between a healthy floridness of face1 and the fiery redness of drunkards1 debauchees1 meat-eaters1 etc4 ,nor does an inflamed physiology merely increase the animal nature1 but gives a far more depraved and sensual cast to it1 thus doubly increasing the tendency to depravity4 #bj4--;,,health ,,and ,,disease ,,as ,,affecting ,,mentality4 ,health and disease affects the mind as much as body4 ,virtue1 goodness1 etc41 are only the healthy or normal exercise of our various faculties1 while depravity and sin are only the sickly exercise of these same organs4 ,holiness and moral excellence1 as well as badness1 depend far less upon the relative ,,size of the phrenological organs1 than upon their ,,direction or tone and character1 and this depends upon the ,,state ,,of ,,the ,,body4 ,or thus2 a healthy physiology tends to produce a healthy action of the phrenological organs1 which is virtue and happiness2 while an unhealthy physiology produces that sickly exercise of the mental faculties1 especially of the animal propensities1 which constitutes depravity and produces misery4 ,hence those phrenologists who look exclusively to the predominant ,,size of the animal organs1 for vicious manifestations1 and regard their average size as indicative of virtue1 have this great lesson to learn1 that health of body produces health of mind and purity of feelings1 while all forms of bodily disease1 in the very nature of things1 tend to corrupt the feelings and deprave the soul4 ,while1 therefore1 phrenologists should scrutinize the size of organs closely1 they should observe the ,,state ,,of ,,health much more minutely1 for most of their errors are explainable on this ground3 that the organs described produced vicious inclinations1 not because they were so large but because they were physically ,,sick1 and hence take on a morally ,,deformed mode of action4 ,phrenologists1 look ye well to these points1 more fully explained in our other phrenological works4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,,phrenological ,,conditions ,,as ,,indicating ,,character4 #ba4--;,,definition ,,and ,,proof4 ,,phrenology points out those relations established by nature between given developments and conditions of ,,brain and corresponding manifestations of ,,mind4 ,its simple yet comprehensive definition is this3 every faculty of the mind is manifested by means of particular portions of the ,,brain called its organs1 the size of which1 other things being equal1 is proportionate to its power of function4 ,for example3 it teaches that parental love is manifested by one organ1 or portion of the brain2 appetite by another1 reason by a third1 etc41 which are large the stronger these corresponding mental powers4 ,are1 then1 particular portions of the brain larger or smaller in proportion as particular mental characteristics are stronger or weaker8 ,our short-hand answer is illustrated by the following anecdote4 ,a ,mr4 ,juror was once summoned to attend court1 but died before its sitting4 ,it therefore devolved upon ,mr4 ,simple to state to the court the reason of his non-appearance4 ,accordingly1 when ,mr4 ,juror's name was called1 ,mr4 ,simple responded1 ,may it please the court1 ,i have twenty-one reasons why ,mr4 ,juror is not in attendance4 ,the first is1 he is ,,dead4 ,the second is-- ,that ,,one will answer1 responded the judge4 ,one such reason is amply sufficient4 ,but few of the many proofs that ,phrenology is true will here be stated1 yet those few are ,,decisive4 ,first4 ,,the ,,brain ,,is ,,the ,,organ ,,of ,,the ,,mind4 ,this is assumed1 because too universally admitted to require proof4 ,secondly4 ,is the brain1 then1 a ,,single organ1 or is it a bundle of organs8 ,does the ,,whole brain think1 remember1 love1 hate1 etc42 or does one portion reason1 another worship1 another love money1 etc48 ,this is the determining point4 ,to decide it affirmatively1 establishes ,phrenology2 negatively1 overthrows it4 ,it is proved by the following facts4 ,,the ,,exercise ,,of ,,different ,,functions ,,simultaneously4--,we can walk1 think1 talk1 remember1 love1 and many other things all ,,together1--the mind being1 in this respect1 like a stringed instrument1 with several strings vibrating at a time1 instead of like a flute which stops the preceding sound when it commences succeeding ones2 whereas1 if it were a single organ1 it must stop thinking the instant it began to talk1 could not love a friend and express that love at the same time1 and could do but one thing at once4 ,,monomania4--,since mental derangement is caused only by cerebral disorder1 if the brain were a single organ1 the ,,whole mind must be sane or insane together2 whereas most insane persons are deranged only on one or two points1 a conclusive proof of the plurality of the brain and mental faculties4 ,,diversity ,,of ,,talent1 or the fact that some are remarkable for sense1 but poor in memory1 or the reverse2 some forgetting names1 but remembering faces2 some great mechanics1 but poor speakers1 or the reverse2 others splendid natural singers1 but no mechanics1 etc41 etc41 conducts us to a similar conclusion4 ,,injuries ,,of ,,the ,,brain furnish still more demonstrative proof4 ,if ,phrenology be true1 to wound and inflame ,tune1 for example1 would create a singing disposition2 ,veneration1 a praying desire2 ,cautiousness1 groundless fears2 and so of all the other organs4 ,and thus it is4 ,nor can this class of facts be evaded4 ,they abound in all phrenological works1 especially periodicals1 and drive and clench the nail of proof4 ,,comparative ,,phrenology1 or the perfect coincidence existing between the developments and characters of animals1 constitutes the highest proof of all4 ,since man and brute are fashioned upon one great model1 those same great optical laws governing the vision of both1 that same principle of muscular contraction which enables the eagle to soar aloft beyond our vision1 and the whale to furrow and foam the vasty deep1 and enabling man to walk forth in the conscious pride of his strength1 and thus of all their other common functions2 of course1 if man is created in accordance with phrenological laws1 brutes must also be2 and the reverse4 ,if1 then1 this science is true of either1 it must be true of both2 must pervade all forms of organization4 ,what1 then1 are the facts8 ,phrenology locates the animal propensities at the ,,sides of the head1 between and around the ears2 the social affections in its ,,back and lower portion2 the aspiring faculties in its ,,crown2 the moral on its ,,top2 and the intellectual on the ,,forehead2 the perceptives1 which1 related to matter1 ,,over ,,the ,,eyes2 and the reflectives in the ,,upper part of the forehead4 7,see cut ,no4 #ad47 ,now since brutes possess at least only weak moral and reflective faculties1 they should1 if ,phrenology were true1 have little top head1 and thus it is4 ,not one of all the following drawings of animals1 have much brain in either the reflective or moral region4 ,almost all their mentality consists of the ,,animal ,,propensities1 and nearly all their brain is ,,between and ,,around ,,their ,,ears1 just where1 according to ,phrenology1 it should be4 ,yet the skulls of all human beings rise high above the eyes and ears1 and are long on top1 that is1 have intellectual and moral ,,organs1 as we know they possess these mental ,,elements4 ,comparing the accompanying human skull with those of brutes1 thus those of snakes1 frogs1 turtles1 alligators1 etc41 slope straight back from the nose2 that is1 have almost no moral or intellectual organs2 tigers1 dogs1 lions1 etc41 have a little more1 yet how insignificant compared with man1 while monkeys are between them in these organs and their faculties4 ,here1 then1 is ,,inductive proof of ,phrenology as extensive as the whole brute creation on the one hand1 contrasted with the entire human family on the other4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ad4 ,,grouping ,,of ,,organs4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ae4 ,,human ,,skull4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #af4 ,,snake4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ag4 ,,turtle4 ,again1 ,destructiveness is located by ,phrenology over the ears1 so as to render the head wide in proportion as this organ is developed4 ,accordingly1 all carnivorous animals should be wide-headed at the ears2 all herbivorous1 narrow4 ,and thus they are1 as seen in tigers1 hyenas1 bears1 cats1 foxes1 ichneumons1 etc41 compared with rabbits1 sheep1 etc4 7,cuts #ah1 #ai1 #bj1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc1 #bd1 #be1 #bf1 #bg1 #bh1 #bi1 and #cj74 ,,destructiveness ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ah4 ,,tiger--,,side ,,view4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ai4 ,,hyena--,,side ,,view4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #bj4 ,,hyena--,,back ,,view4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ba4 ,,bear--,,top ,,view4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #bb4 ,,bear--,,back ,,view4 ,,destructiveness ,,small4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #bc4 ,,sheep--,,top ,,view4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #bd4 ,,rabbit--,,side ,,view4 ,to large ,destructiveness1 in cats1 foxes1 ichneumons1 etc41 add large ,,secretiveness1 both in character and head4 ,,secretiveness ,,and ,,destructiveness ,,both ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #be4 ,,fox--,,side ,,view4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #bf4 ,,ichneumon--,,side ,,view4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #bg4 ,,do4--,,back ,,view4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #bh4 ,,cat--,,back ,,view4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #bi4 ,,cat--,,side ,,view4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #cj4 ,,lion--,,top ,,view4 ,fowls1 in like manner1 correspond perfectly in head and character4 ,thus1 owls1 hawks1 eagles1 etc41 have very wide heads1 and ferocious dispositions2 while hens1 turkeys1 etc41 have narrow heads1 and little ,destructiveness in character 7cuts #ca1 #cb1 and #cc74 ,,destructiveness ,,large ,,and ,,small4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ca4 ,,owl--,,top ,,view4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #cb4 ,,hawk--,,top ,,view4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #cc4 ,,hen--,,top ,,view4 ,,secretiveness ,,and ,,cautiousness ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #cd4 ,,crow4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ce4 ,,intelligent ,,monkey4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #cf4 ,,do4--,,side ,,view4 ,the crow 7cut #cd7 has very large ,secretiveness and ,cautiousness in the head1 as he is known to have in character4 ,monkeys1 too1 bear additional testimony to the truth of phrenological science4 ,they possess1 in character1 strong perceptive powers1 but weak reflectives1 and powerful propensities1 with feeble moral elements4 ,accordingly they are full over the eyes1 but slope straight back at the reasoning and moral faculties1 while the propensities engross most of their brain4 ,,some ,,moral ,,and ,,reflective ,,brain4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #cg4 ,,jaco ,,the ,,orang-,,outang4 ,the ,,orang-,,outang has more forehead than any other animal1 both perceptive and reflective1 with some moral sentiments1 and accordingly is called the half-reasoning man1 its ,phrenology corresponding perfectly with its character4 ,,perceptives ,,larger ,,than ,,reflectives4 ,,the ,,various ,,races also accord with phrenological science4 ,thus1 ,africans generally have full perceptives1 and large ,tune and ,language1 but retiring ,causality1 and accordingly are deficient in reasoning capacity1 yet have excellent memories and lingual and musical powers4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ch4 ,,african ,,head4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ci4 ,,indian ,,chief4 ,indians possess extraordinary strength of the propensities and perceptives1 yet have no great moral or inventive power2 and1 hence1 have very wide1 round1 conical1 and rather low heads4 ,indian skulls can always be selected from ,caucasian1 just by these developments2 while the ,caucasian race is superior in reasoning power and moral elevation to all the other races1 and1 accordingly1 have higher and bolder foreheads1 and more elevated and elongated top heads4 ,finally1 contrast the massive foreheads of all giant-minded men--,bacons1 ,franklins1 ,miltons1 etc41 with idiotic heads4 ,in short1 every human1 every brutal head1 is constructed throughout strictly on phrenological principles4 ,ransack air1 earth1 and water and not one palpable exception ever has been1 ever can be adduced4 ,this ,,whole-,,soul view of this science precludes the possibility of mistake4 ,phrenology is therefore a ,,part ,,and ,,parcel ,,of ,,nature--,a ,,universal ,,fact4 ,,large ,,and ,,small ,,intellects4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #dc4 ,,bacon4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #dd4 ,,idiot4 ,,the ,,philosophy ,,of ,,phrenology4 ,all truth bears upon its front unmistakable evidence of its divine origin1 in its philosophical consistency1 fitness1 and beauty1 whereas all untruth is grossly and palpably deformed4 ,all truth1 also1 harmonizes with all other truth1 and conflicts with all error1 so that to ascertain what is true1 and detect what is false1 is perfectly easy4 ,apply this test1 intellectual reader to one after another of the doctrines1 as presented in this science4 ,but enough on this point of proofs4 ,let us proceed to its illustration4 #bb4--,,phrenological ,,signs ,,of ,,character4 ,the brain is not only the organ of the mind1 the dome of thought1 the palace of the soul1 but is equally the organ of the body1 over which it exerts an all-potent influence for good or ill1 to weaken or stimulate1 to kill or make alive4 ,in short1 the brain is the organ of the body in general1 and of all its organs in particular4 ,it sends forth those nerves which keep muscles1 liver1 bowels1 and all the other bodily organs in a high or low state of action2 and1 more than all other causes1 invites or repels disease1 prolongs or shortens life1 and treats the body as its galley-slave4 ,hence1 healthy cerebral action is indispensable to bodily health4 ,hence1 too1 we walk or work so much more easily and efficiently when we take an interest in what we do4 ,therefore those who would be happy or talented must first and mainly keep their ,,brain vigorous and healthy4 ,the brain is subdivided into two hemispheres1 the right and left1 by the falciform process of the dura mater1 a membrane which dips down one to two inches into the brain1 and runs from the root of the nose over to the nape of the neck4 ,this arrangement renders all the phrenological organs ,,double4 ,thus1 as there are two eyes1 ears1 etc41 that when one is diseased1 the other can carry forward the functions1 so there are two lobes to each phrenological organ1 one on each side4 ,the brain is divided thus3 the feelings occupy that portion commonly covered by the hair1 while the forehead is occupied by the intellectual organs4 ,these greater divisions are subdivided into the animal brain1 located between and around the ears2 the aspiring faculties1 which occupy the crown of the head2 the moral and religious sentiments1 which occupy the top2 the physico-perceptives1 located over the eyes2 and the reflectives1 in the upper portion of the forehead4 ,the predominance of these respective groups produces both particular shapes1 and corresponding traits of character4 ,thus1 when the head projects far back behind the ears1 hanging over and downward in the occipital region1 it indicates very strong domestic ties and social affections1 a love of home1 its relations and endearments1 and a corresponding high capacity of being happy in the family1 and of making the family happy4 ,very wide and round heads1 on the contrary1 indicate strong animal and selfish propensities1 while thin1 narrow heads1 indicate a corresponding want of selfishness and animality4 ,a head projecting far up at the crown1 indicates an aspiring1 self-elevating disposition1 proudness of character1 and a desire to be and to do something great2 while the flattened crown indicates a want of ambition1 energy1 and aspiration4 ,a head high1 long1 and wide upon the top1 but narrow between the ears1 indicates ,causality1 moral virtue1 much practical goodness1 and a corresponding elevation of character2 while a low or narrow top head indicates a corresponding deficiency of these humane and religious susceptibilities4 ,a head wide at the upper part of the temples1 indicates a corresponding desire for personal perfection1 together with a love of the beautiful and refined1 while narrowness in this region evinces a want of taste1 with much coarseness of feeling4 ,fullness over the eyes indicates excellent practical judgment of matters and things appertaining to property1 science1 and nature in general2 while narrow1 straight eyebrows1 indicate poor practical judgment of matter1 its quality1 relations1 and uses4 ,fullness from the root of the nose upward1 indicates great practical talent1 love of knowledge1 desire to see1 and ability to do to advantage1 together with sprightliness of mind2 while a hollow in the middle of the forehead indicates want of memory and inability to show off to advantage4 ,a bold1 high forehead1 indicates strong reasoning capabilities1 while a retiring forehead indicates less soundness1 but more availability of talent4 #bc4--,,the ,,natural ,,language ,,of ,,the ,,faculties4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #dj4 ,,washington ,,irving4 ,phrenology shows that every faculty1 when active1 throws head and body in the direction of that faculty4 ,thus1 intellect1 in the fore part of the head1 throws it directly forward1 and produces a forward hanging motion of the head4 ,hence intellectual men never carry their heads backward and upward1 but always forward2 and logical speakers move their heads in a straight line1 usually forward1 toward their audience2 while vain speakers carry their heads backward4 ,perceptive intellect1 when active1 throws out the chin and lower portions of the face2 while reflective intellect causes the upper portion of the forehead to hang forward1 and draws in the chin1 as in the engravings of ,franklin1 ,webster1 and other great thinkers4 ,benevolence throws the head and body slightly forward1 leaning toward the object which excites its sympathy2 while ,veneration causes a low bow1 which1 the world over1 is a token of respect2 yet1 when ,veneration is exercised toward the ,deity1 as in devout prayer1 it throws the head ,,upward2 and1 as we use intellect at the same time1 the head is generally directed forward4 ,ideality throws the head slightly forward1 and to one side1 as in ,washington ,irving1 a man as gifted in taste and imagination as almost any living writer2 and1 in his portraits1 his finger rests upon this faculty2 while in ,sterne1 the finger rests upon ,mirthfulness4 ,very firm men stand straight up and down1 inclining not a hair's breadth forward or backward1 or to the right or left2 hence the expression1 ,he is an up-and-down man4 ,and this organ is located exactly on a line with the body4 ,self-,esteem1 located in the back and upper portion of the head1 throws the head and body upward and backward4 ,large feeling1 pompous persons1 always walk in a very dignified1 majestic posture1 and always throw their heads in the direction of ,self-,esteem2 whilst approbative persons throw their heads backward1 but to the one side or both4 ,the difference between these two organs being comparatively slight1 only the practical ,phrenologist's eye can perfectly distinguish them4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #de4 ,a ,,conceited ,,simpleton4 ,there is1 moreover1 a natural language of money-loving1 and that is a leaning forward and turning of the head to one side1 as if in ardent pursuit of something1 and ready to grasp it with outstretched arms2 while ,alimentiveness1 situated lower down1 hugs itself down to the dainty dish with the greediness of an epicure1 better seen than described4 ,the shake of the head is the natural language of ,combativeness1 and means no1 or ,i resist you4 ,those who are combating earnestly upon politics1 or any other subject1 shake the head more or less violently1 according to the power of the combative feeling1 but always shake it slightly inclining backwards2 while ,destructiveness1 inclining forward1 causes a shaking of the head slightly forward1 and turning to one side4 ,when a person who threatens you shakes his head violently1 and holds it partially backward1 and to one side1 never fear--he is only barking2 but whenever he inclines his head to one side1 and shakes it violently1 that dog will bite1 whether possessed of two legs or four4 ,the social affections are located in the back part of the head2 and1 accordingly1 woman being more loving than man1 when not under the influence of the other faculties1 usually inclines her head backward toward the neck2 and when she kisses children1 and those whom she loves1 always turns the head directly backward1 and rolls it from side to side1 on the back of the neck4 ,thus it is that all the various postures assumed by it individually1 are expressive of the present or the permanent activity of their respective faculties4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #dd4 ,,jonathan ,,edwards4 #bd4--,,organic ,,tone ,,or ,,quality ,,of ,,brain4 ,this condition modifies character more than any other4 ,it is1 indeed1 the summing up of all4 ,it consists of two kinds1 original and acquired4 ,the former1 inherited from parents1 embraces the pristine vigor and power with which the life principle was started1 and gives what we will call ,,snap2 while the latter embraces the existing states of the organism as affected by health or debility1 artificial habits--such as dyspeptic and other affections1 caused by injurious qualities and quantities of food1 by artificial stimulants1 as tea1 coffee1 tobacco1 or alcoholic drinks--the deranged or healthy states of the nervous system2 too much or too little exercise1 labor1 sleep1 breath1 etc41 etc42 and whatever other conditions are embraced in health and disease1 or in any way affect them4 ,of course1 the parental may be good1 but acquired poor1 or the reverse1 according as the subject is strengthening or enfeebling1 building up or breaking down his physical constitution1 by correct or erroneous physiological habit4 ,yet1 in most persons1 the parental is many hundred per cent4 better than the acquired4 ,,parental ,,good1 ,,or ,,very ,,good1 gives corresponding innate vigor and energy1 or that heart and bottom which wears like iron1 and bends1 willow-like1 without breaking1 and performs more with a given size1 than greater size1 and less inherent snap2 and gives thoroughness and edge to the mentality1 just as good steel1 well tempered1 does to the tool4 ,,parental ,,fair gives a good share of the presiding qualities1 yet nothing remarkable2 with acquired good endures and accomplishes much2 without it1 soon breaks down4 ,,parental ,,poor leaves its subject poorly organized1 bodily and mentally1 and proportionally low in the creative scale4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #de4 ,,emerson1 ,,an ,,idiot4 ,,acquired ,,good enables whatever of life power there is1 to perform all of which it is capable2 with parental good1 furnishes a full supply of vital power1 and that activity which works it all up in mental or physical labor4 ,with parental very good1 puts forth a most astonishing amount of effort1 and endures wonders without injury2 possesses remarkable clearness and wholeness of mind2 thinks and feels directly to the purpose2 gives point and cogency to every thing2 and confers a superior amount of healthy intellectuality1 morality1 and mentality1 in general4 ,,acquired ,,fair1 with parental average1 gives fair natural talents1 and mental and physical vigor1 yet nothing remarkable2 will lead a commonplace life1 and possess an every-day character1 memory1 etc42 will not set the world on fire1 nor be insignificant1 but1 with cultivation1 will do well4 ,,acquired ,,poor will be unable to put forth its inherent power2 is weak and inefficient1 though desirous of doing something2 with parental good1 may take hold resolutely1 but soon tires1 and finds it impossible to sustain that powerful action with which it naturally commences4 #be4--,,states ,,of ,,the ,,nervous ,,system4 ,a good nervous condition enables its possessor to put forth sound and healthy mental and physical efforts2 gives a calm1 quiet1 happy1 contented frame of mind1 and a strong tendency to enjoy every thing--even the bad2 makes the most of life's joys1 and the least of its sorrows2 confers full possession of all its innate powers2 and predisposes to a right exercise of all the faculties4 ,disordered nerves produce an irritated1 craving1 dissatisfied state of mind1 and a tendency to depravity in some of its forms1 with a half paralyzed1 lax1 inefficient state of mind and body4 #bf4--,,size ,,of ,,head ,,as ,,influencing ,,character4 ,,size of head and organs1 other things being equal1 is the great phrenological condition4 ,though tape measurements1 taken around the head1 from ,individuality to ,philoprogenitiveness1 give some idea of the size of brain1 the fact that some heads are round1 others long1 some low1 and others high1 so modifies these measurements that they do not convey any very correct idea of the actual quantity of brain4 ,yet these measurements range somewhat as follows4 ,least size of adults compatible with fair talents1 #bj-a_/d2 #bj-c_/d to #ba-a_/d1 moderate2 #ba-a_/d to #bb1 average2 #bb to #bb-c_/d1 full2 #bb-c_/d to #bc-c_/d1 large2 above #bc-c_/d1 very large4 ,female heads1 #a_/b to #c_/d below these averages4 ,,large4--,one having a large sized brain1 with activity average1 will possess considerable energy of intellect and feeling1 yet seldom manifest it1 unless it is brought out by some powerful stimulus1 and will be rather too indolent to exert1 especially his intellect3 with activity full1 will be endowed with an uncommon amount of the mental power1 and be capable of doing a good deal1 yet require considerable to awaken him to that vigorous effort of mind of which he is capable2 if his powers are not called out by circumstances1 and his organs of practical intellect are only average or full1 he may pass through life without attracting notice1 or manifesting more than an ordinary share of talent3 but if the perceptive faculties are strong1 or very strong1 and his natural powers put in vigorous requisition1 he will manifest a vigor and energy of intellect and feeling quite above mediocrity2 be adequate to undertakings which demand originality of mind and force of character1 yet1 after all1 be rather indolent3 with activity great1 or very great1 will combine great power of mind with great activity2 exercise a commanding influence over those minds with which he comes in contact2 when he enjoys1 will enjoy intensely1 and when he suffers1 suffer equally so2 be susceptible of strong excitement1 and1 with the organs of the propelling powers1 and of practical intellect1 large or very large1 will possess all the mental capabilities for conducting a large business2 for rising to eminence1 if not to pre-eminence2 and discover great force of character and power of intellect and feeling3 with activity moderate1 when powerfully excited1 will evince considerable energy of intellect and feeling1 yet be too indolent and too sluggish to do much2 lack clearness and force of idea1 and intenseness of feeling2 unless literally driven to it1 will not be likely to be much or to do much1 and yet actually possess more vigor of mind1 and energy of feeling1 than he will manifest2 with activity small1 or very small1 will border upon idiocy4 ,,very ,,large4--,one having a very large head1 with activity average or full1 on great occasions1 or when his powers are thoroughly roused1 will be truly great2 but upon ordinary occasions1 will seldom manifest any remarkable amount of mind or feeling1 and perhaps pass through life with the credit of being a person of good natural abilities and judgment1 yet nothing more2 with great activity and strength1 and large intellectual organs1 will be a natural genius1 endowed with very superior powers of mind and vigor of intellect2 and1 even though deprived of the advantages of education1 his natural talents will surmount all obstacles1 and make him truly talented2 with activity very great1 and the organs of practical intellect and of the propelling powers large1 or very large1 will possess the first order of natural abilities2 manifest a clearness and force of intellect which will astonish the world1 and a power of feeling which will carry all before him2 and1 with proper cultivation1 enable him to become a bright star in the firmament of intellectual greatness1 upon which coming ages may gaze with delight and astonishment4 ,his mental enjoyment will be most exquisite1 and his sufferings equally keen4 ,,full4--,one having a full-sized brain1 with activity great1 or very great1 and the organs of practical intellect and of the propelling powers large1 or very large1 although he will not possess greatness of intellect1 nor a deep1 strong mind1 will be very clever2 have considerable talent1 and that so distributed that it will show to be more than it really is2 is capable of being a good scholar1 doing a fine business1 and1 with advantages and application1 of distinguishing himself somewhat2 yet he is inadequate to a great undertaking2 cannot sway an extensive influence1 nor be really great2 with activity full1 or average1 will do only tolerably well1 and manifest only a common share of talent2 with activity moderate1 or small1 will neither be nor do much worthy of notice4 ,,average1 with activity great1 manifests a quick1 clear1 sprightly mind and off-hand talents2 and is capable of doing a fair business1 especially if the stamina is good2 with activity very great1 and the organs of the propelling powers and of practical intellect large1 or very large1 is capable of doing a good business1 and may pass for a man of fair talent1 yet will not be original or profound2 will be quick of perception2 have a good practical understanding2 will do well in his sphere1 yet never manifest greatness1 and out of his sphere1 be common-place2 with activity only average1 will discover only an ordinary amount of intellect2 be inadequate to any important undertaking2 yet1 in a small sphere1 or one that requires only a mechanical routine of business1 may do well2 with moderate or small activity1 will hardly have common sense4 ,,moderate4--,one with a head of only moderate size1 combined with great or very great activity1 and the organs of the propelling powers and of practical intellect large1 will possess a tolerable share of intellect1 yet be more showy than sound2 with others to plan for and direct him1 will execute to advantage1 yet be unable to do much alone2 will have a very active mind1 and be quick of perception1 yet1 after all1 have a contracted intellect2 possess only a small mental calibre1 and lack momentum1 both of mind and character2 with activity only average1 or fair1 will have but a moderate amount of intellect1 and even this scanty allowance will be too sluggish for action1 so that he will neither suffer nor enjoy much2 with activity moderate or small1 will be idiotic4 ,,small ,,or ,,very ,,small4--,one with a small or very small head1 no matter what may be the activity of his mind1 will be incapable of much intellectual effort2 of comprehending even easy subjects2 or of experiencing much pain or pleasure2 in short1 will be mentally imbecile4 #bg4--,,size ,,of ,,brain ,,as ,,affecting ,,mentality4 ,most great men have great heads4 ,webster's head measures over #bd inches1 and ,clay's considerably above #bc2 and this is about ,van ,buren's size2 ,chief ,justice ,gibson's1 the greatest jurist in ,pennsylvania1 #bd-a_/d2 ,napoleon's reached nearly or quite to #bd1 his hat passing easily over the head of one of his officers1 which measured #bc-a_/b2 and ,hamilton's hat passed over the head of a man whose head measured #bc-a_/b4 ,burke's head was immense1 so was ,jefferson's2 while ,franklin's hat passed over the ears of a #bd-;inch head4 ,small and average sized heads often astonish us by their brilliancy and learning1 and1 perhaps1 eloquence1 yet they fail in that commanding greatness which impresses and sways mind4 ,the phrenological law is that size1 other things being equal1 is a measure of power2 yet these other conditions1 such as activity1 power of motive1 wealth1 physiological habits1 etc41 increase or diminish the mentality1 even more than size4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,,analysis ,,and ,,combinations ,,of ,,the ,,faculties #a4 ,,amativeness4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #de4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #df4 ,,small4 ,conjugal love2 attachment to the opposite sex2 desire to love1 be loved1 and marry2 adapted to perpetuate the race4 ,it causes those mutual attractions which exist between the sexes2 creates love2 induces marriage2 eventuates in offspring2 renders woman winning1 persuasive1 urbane1 affectionate1 loving1 and lovely2 and develops all the feminine charms and graces2 and makes man noble in feeling and bearing2 elevated in aspiration2 tender and bland in manner2 affectionate toward woman2 pure in feeling2 highly susceptible to female charms2 and clothes him with that dignity1 power1 and persuasiveness1 which accompanies the masculine4 ,perverted1 it occasions a grossness and vulgarity in expression and action2 licentiousness in all its forms2 a feverish state of mind2 and depraves all the other propensities2 treats the other sex merely as a minister to passion2 now caressing1 and now abusing them2 and renders the love-feeling every way gross1 animal1 and depraved4 ,,large4--,is strongly attracted toward the opposite sex2 admires and loves their beauty and excellencies2 easily wins their affectionate regards1 or kindles their love2 has many warm friends1 if not admirers1 among them2 loves young and powerfully1 and wields a potent influence for good or evil over the destinies of its subject1 according as it is well or ill placed2 with ,adhesiveness and ,union for ,life large1 will mingle pure friendship with devoted love2 cannot flourish alone1 but must have its matrimonial mate1 with whom it will be capable of becoming perfectly identified1 and whom it will invest with almost superhuman perfections1 by magnifying their charms and overlooking their defects2 in the sunshine of whose love it will be perfectly happy1 but proportionally miserable without it2 with ,ideality and the mental temperament large1 will experience a fervor and intensity of first love1 amounting almost to ecstacy or romance2 can marry those only who combine refinement of manners with correspondingly strong attachments2 with ,philoprogenitiveness and ,benevolence also large1 will be eminently qualified to enjoy the domestic relations2 to be happy in home1 and render home happy2 with ,inhabitiveness also large1 will set a high value on house and place1 long to return home when absent1 and consider family and children as the greatest treasures of its being2 with large ,conscientiousness1 will keep the marriage relations inviolate1 and regard unfaithfulness as the greatest of sins2 with ,combativeness large1 will defend the objects of its love with great spirit1 and resent powerfully any indignity offered to them2 with ,alimentiveness large1 will enjoy eating with the family dearly2 with ,approbativeness large1 cannot endure to be blamed by those it loves2 with ,cautiousness and ,secretiveness large1 will express love guardedly1 and much less than it experiences2 but with ,secretiveness small1 will show1 in every look and action1 the full1 unveiled feeling of the mind2 with ,firmness and ,self-,esteem large1 will sustain interrupted love with fortitude1 yet suffer much damage of mind and health therefrom2 but with ,self-,esteem moderate1 will feel crushed and broken down by disappointment2 with the moral faculties predominant1 can love those only whose moral tone is pure and elevated2 with predominant ,ideality1 and only average intellectual faculties1 will prefer those who are showy and gay1 to those who are sensible yet less beautiful2 but with ,ideality less than the intellectual and moral organs1 will prefer those who are substantial and valuable more than showy2 with ,mirthfulness1 ,time1 and ,tune1 will love dancing1 lively society1 etc43 p4 #eg4 ,,very ,,large4--,confers the strongest possible inclination to love2 exercises an absolute influence over character and conduct2 must always have a congenial spirit whom to love1 and by whom to be loved2 is capable of the highest order of love1 and is proportionally beautified thereby2 can love with complete devotedness1 even under unfavorable circumstances1 and has a most important element for conjugal happiness and a matrimonial partner2 its combinations will be somewhat the same as those under ,amativeness large1 allowance being made for the increased power of this faculty3 p4 #eh4 ,,full4--,possesses rather strong susceptibilities of love1 and conjugal affinity and unity to a congenial spirit2 is capable of much purity1 intensity1 and cordiality of love2 with ,adhesiveness and ,benevolence large1 will render good service in the family2 with ,secretiveness large1 will manifest less love than it feels1 and show little in promiscuous society2 with a highly susceptible temperament1 will experience great intensity of love1 and evince a good degree of masculine or feminine excellence3 p4 #ei4 ,,average4--,is capable of fair sexual attachments1 and conjugal love1 provided it is properly placed and fully called out2 experiences a greater or less degree of love in proportion to its activity2 renders the son quite attached to mother and sisters1 and fond of female society1 and endowed with a fair share of the masculine element1 yet not remarkable for its perfection1 makes woman quite winning and attractive1 yet not particularly susceptible to love2 renders the daughter fond of father and brothers1 and desirous of the society of men1 yet not extremely so2 and capable of a fair share of conjugal devotedness under favorable circumstances2 combined with an ardent temperament1 and large ,adhesiveness and ,ideality1 gives a pure and platonic cast of love1 yet cannot assimilate with a coarse temperament or a dissimilar ,phrenology2 is refined1 and faithful1 yet has more friendship than passion2 can love those only who are just to its liking2 with ,cautiousness and ,secretiveness large1 will express less love than it feels1 and that equivocally and by piecemeal1 nor then till its loved one is fully committed2 with ,cautiousness1 ,approbativeness and ,veneration large1 and ,self-,esteem small1 will be diffident in promiscuous society1 yet enjoy the company of a select few of the opposite sex2 with ,adhesiveness1 ,benevolence1 and ,conscientiousness large1 and ,self-,esteem small1 will be kind and affectionate in the family1 yet not particularly fond of caressing or being caressed2 and will do much to make family happy1 yet will manifest less fondness and tenderness2 with ,order1 ,approbativeness1 and ,ideality large1 will seek in a companion personal neatness and polish of manners2 with full intellectual and moral faculties1 will base its conjugal attachments in the higher qualities of the affections1 rather than their personal attractiveness or strength of passion2 but with a commonplace temperament1 and not so full moral and intellectual faculties1 will be an indifferent companion3 p4 #ef4 ,,moderate4--,will be rather deficient1 though not palpably so in the love element2 show little desire to caress or be caressed2 will love the mental excellences of the other sex more than personal beauty1 and find it difficult to sympathize with a conjugal partner1 unless the natural harmony between the parties is well-nigh perfect2 cares less for marriage1 and could live an unmarried life without inconvenience2 can love but once1 and should marry only the first love1 because the love-principle will not be sufficiently strong to overcome the difficulties incident to a second love1 or the want of a congenial companion1 and find more pleasure in other things than in the matrimonial relations2 with an excitable temperament1 will experience greater warmth and ardor1 than depth and uniformity of love2 with ,approbativeness large1 will soon become alienated from a lover by rebukes and fault-finding2 with ,adhesiveness and the moral and intellectual faculties large1 can become strongly attached to those who are highly moral and intellectual1 yet experiences no affinity for any other1 and to be happy in marriage1 must base it in the higher faculties3 p4 #ei4 ,,small4--,feels little conjugal or sexual love1 and desire to marry2 is cold1 coy1 distant1 and reserved toward the other sex2 experiences but little of the beautifying and elevating influence of love1 and should not marry1 because incapable of appreciating its relations and making a companion happy3 p4 #ei4 ,,very ,,small4--,is passively continent1 and almost destitute of love3 p4 #fj4 #b4 ,,philoprogenitiveness4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #dg4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #dh4 ,,small4 ,parental love2 attachment to one's own offspring2 love of children1 pets1 and animals generally1 especially those young or small2 adapted to that infantile condition in which man enters the world1 and to children's need of parental care and education4 ,this faculty renders children the richest treasure of their parents2 casts into the shade all the toil and expense they cause1 and lacerates them with bitter pangs when death or distance tears them asunder4 ,it is much larger in woman than in man2 and nature requires mothers to take the principal care of infants4 ,perverted1 it spoils children by excessive fondness1 pampering1 and humoring4 ,,large4--,loves its own children devotedly2 values them above all price2 cheerfully endures toil and watching for their sake2 forbears with their faults2 wins their love2 delights to play with them1 and cheerfully sacrifices to promote their interests2 with ,continuity large1 mourns long and incessantly over their loss2 with ,combativeness1 ,destructiveness1 and ,self-,esteem large1 is kind1 yet insists on being obeyed2 with ,self-,esteem and ,destructiveness moderate1 is familiar with1 and liable to be ruled by them2 with ,firmness only average1 fails to manage them with a steady hand2 with ,cautiousness large1 suffers extreme anxiety if they are sick or in danger2 with large moral and intellectual organs1 and less ,combativeness and ,destructiveness1 governs them more by moral suasion than physical force--by reason than fear--is neither too strict nor over-indulgent2 with ,approbativeness large1 values their moral character as of the utmost importance2 with ,veneration and ,conscientiousness large1 is particularly interested in their moral improvement2 with large excitability1 ,combativeness1 and ,destructiveness1 and only average ,firmness1 will be1 by turns1 too indulgent1 and over-provoked--will pet them one minute1 and punish them the next2 with larger ,approbativeness and ,ideality than intellect1 will educate them more for show than usefulness--more fashionably than substantially--and dress them off in the extreme of fashion2 with a large and active brain1 large moral and intellectual faculties1 and ,firmness1 and only full ,combativeness1 ,destructiveness1 and ,self-,esteem1 is well calculated to teach and manage the young4 ,it renders farmers fond of stock1 dogs1 etc41 and women fond of birds1 lap-dogs1 etc42 girls fond of dolls1 and boys of being among horses and cattle2 and creates a general interest in young and small animals3 p4 #fb4 ,,very ,,large4--,experiences the feeling above described with still greater intensity and power2 almost idolizes its children1 grieves immeasurably at their loss1 and1 with large ,continuity1 refuses to be comforted2 with very large ,benevolence and only moderate ,destructiveness1 cannot bear to see them punished1 and1 with only moderate ,causality1 is liable to spoil them by over-indulgence2 with large ,approbativeness added1 indulges parental vanity and conceit2 with large ,cautiousness and disordered nerves1 is always cautioning them1 and indulges a world of groundless apprehensions about them with ,acquisitiveness moderate1 makes them many presents1 and lavishes money upon them1 but with large ,acquisitiveness lays up fortunes for them2 with large moral and intellectual organs1 is indulgent1 yet loves them too well to spoil them1 and does his utmost to cultivate their higher faculties1 etc413 p4 #fc4 ,,full4--,loves its children well1 yet not passionately--does much for them1 yet not more than is necessary--and with large ,combativeness1 ,destructiveness1 and ,self-esteem1 is too severe1 and makes but little allowance for their faults2 but with ,benevolence1 ,adhesiveness1 and ,conscientiousness large1 does and sacrifices much1 to supply their wants and render them happy4 ,its character1 however1 will be mainly determined by its combinations3 p4 #fc4 ,,average4--,loves its own children tolerably well1 yet cares but little for those of others2 with large ,adhesiveness and ,benevolence1 likes them better as they grow older1 yet does and cares little for infants--is not duly tender to them1 or forbearing toward their faults1 and should cultivate parental fondness1 especially if ,combativeness1 ,destructiveness1 and ,self-,esteem are large1 and conscience only moderate3 p4 #fa4 ,,moderate4--,is not fond enough of children2 cannot bear much from them2 fails to please or take good care of them1 particularly of infants2 cannot endure to hear them cry1 or make a noise1 or disturb his things2 and with an excitable temperament1 and large ,combativeness1 is liable to punish them for trifling offences1 find much fault with them1 and be sometimes cruel2 yet1 with ,benevolence and ,adhesiveness large1 may do what is necessary for their comfort3 p4 #fd4 ,,small4--,cares little for its own children1 and still less for those of others2 and with ,combativeness and ,destructiveness large1 is liable to treat them unkindly and harshly1 and is utterly unqualified to have charge of them3 p4 #fd4 ,,very ,,small4--,has little or no perceptible parental love1 or regard for children1 but conducts toward them as the other faculties dictate3 p4 #fd4 #c4 ,,adhesiveness4 ,friendship2 social feeling2 love of society2 desire to congregate1 associate1 visit1 seek company1 entertain friends1 form and reciprocate attachments1 and indulge friendly feelings4 ,when perverted1 it forms attachments for the low1 vulgar1 or vicious1 and leads to bad company4 ,adapted to man's requisition for concert of action1 co-partnership1 combination1 and community of feeling and interest1 and is a leading element of his social relations4 ,,large4--,is a warm1 cordial1 ardent friend2 readily forms friendships1 and attracts friendly regards in return2 must have society of some kind2 with ,benevolence large1 is hospitable1 and delights to entertain friends2 with ,alimentiveness large1 loves the social banquet1 and sets the best before friends2 with ,approbativeness large1 sets the world by their commendation1 but is terribly cut by their rebukes2 with the moral faculties large1 seeks the society of the moral and elevated1 and can enjoy the friendship of no others2 with the intellectual faculties large1 seeks the friendship of the intelligent2 with ,language large1 and ,secretiveness small1 talks freely in company2 and with ,mirthfulness and ,ideality also large1 is full of fun1 and gives a lively1 jocose turn to conversation1 yet is elevated and refined2 with ,self-,esteem large1 leads off in company1 and gives tone and character to others2 but with ,self-,esteem small1 receives character from friends1 and1 with ,imitation large1 is liable to copy their faults as well as virtues2 with ,cautiousness1 ,secretiveness1 and ,approbativeness large1 is apt to be jealous of regards bestowed upon others1 and exclusive in its choice of friends--having a few that are select1 rather than many that are common-place2 with large ,causality and ,comparison1 loves philosophical conversation1 literary societies1 etc42 and is every way social and companionable3 p4 #fe4 ,,very ,,large4--,loves friends with tenderness1 and intense friendship1 and will sacrifice almost any thing for their sake2 with ,amativeness large1 is susceptible of the highest order of conjugal love1 yet bases that love primarily in friendship2 with ,combativeness and ,destructiveness large1 defends friends with great spirit1 and resents and retaliates their injuries2 with ,self-,esteem moderate1 takes character from associates2 with ,acquisitiveness moderate1 allows friends the free use of its purse but with ,acquisitiveness large1 will do1 more than give2 with ,benevolence and ,approbativeness moderate1 and ,acquisitiveness only full1 will spend money freely for social gratification2 with ,self-,esteem and ,combativeness large1 must be first or nothing2 but with only average ,combativeness1 ,destructiveness1 and ,self-,esteem1 large ,approbativeness1 ,benevolence1 ,conscientiousness1 ,ideality1 ,marvellousness1 and reasoning organs1 will have many friends1 and but few enemies--be amiable and universally beloved2 with large ,eventuality and ,language1 will remember1 with vivid emotions1 by-gone scenes of social cheer1 and friendly converse2 with large reasoning organs1 will give good advice to friends1 and lay excellent plans for them2 with smaller ,secretiveness and large moral organs1 will not believe ill of friends1 and dreads the interruption of friendship as the greatest of calamities1 and willingly makes any sacrifice required by friendship1 and evinces a perpetual flow of that commingling of soul1 and desire to become one with others1 which this faculty inspires3 p4 #fe4 ,,full4--,makes a sociable1 companionable1 warm-hearted friend1 who will sacrifice much on the altar of friendship1 yet offer up friendship on the altar of the stronger passions2 with large or very large ,combativeness1 ,destructiveness1 ,self-,esteem1 ,approbativeness and ,acquisitiveness1 will serve self first1 and friends afterward2 form attachments1 and break them1 when they conflict with the stronger faculties2 with large ,secretiveness1 and moderate ,conscientiousness1 will be double-faced1 and profess more friendship than possess2 with ,benevolence large1 will cheerfully aid friends1 yet it will be more from sympathy than affection2 will have a few warm friends1 yet only few1 but perhaps many speaking acquaintances2 and with the higher faculties generally large1 will be a true1 good friend1 yet by no means enthusiastic2 many of the combinations under ,adhesiveness large1 apply to it when full1 due allowance being made for its diminished power3 p4 #ff4 ,,average4--,is capable of tolerably strong friendships1 yet their character is determined by the larger faculties2 enjoys present friends1 yet sustains their absence2 with large ,acquisitiveness1 places business before friends1 and sacrifices them whenever they conflict with money-making2 with ,benevolence large1 is more kind than affectionate1 relishes friends1 yet sacrifices no great deal for their sake2 with ,amativeness large1 loves the presence of the other sex more than their minds1 and experiences less conjugal love than animal passion2 with ,approbativeness large1 breaks friendships when ridiculed or rebuked1 and with ,secretiveness large1 and ,conscientiousness only average1 cannot be trusted as a friend3 p4 #fd4 ,,moderate4--,loves society somewhat1 and forms a few1 but only few attachments1 and these only partial2 has more speaking acquaintances than intimate friends2 with large ,combativeness and ,destructiveness1 is easily offended with friends1 and seldom retains them long2 with large ,benevolence1 will bestow services1 and1 with moderate ,acquisitiveness1 money1 more readily than affection2 and with the selfish faculties strong1 takes care of self first1 and makes friendship subservient to interest3 p4 #fg4 ,,small4--,thinks and cares little for friends2 dislikes copartnership2 is cold-hearted1 unsocial1 and selfish2 takes little delight in company1 but prefers to be alone2 has few friends1 and1 with large selfish faculties1 many enemies1 and manifests too little of this faculty to exert a perceptible influence upon character3 p4 #fg4 ,,very ,,small4--,is a perfect stranger to friendship3 p4 #fg4 ,a4 ,,union ,,for ,,life4 ,attachment to ,,one1 and ,,but ,,one conjugal partner for life4 ,adapted to the pairing principle in man and animals1 and is located between ,adhesiveness and ,amativeness4 ,some birds1 such as geese1 eagles1 robins1 etc41 pair for life1 and remain true to their connubial attachment2 while hens1 turkies1 sheep1 horses1 and neat cattle1 associate promiscuously1 which shows that it is a faculty distinct from ,amativeness and ,adhesiveness4 ,,large4--,seeks one1 and but one sexual mate2 experiences the keenest disappointment when love is interrupted2 is perfectly satisfied with the society of that one1 and can truly love no other1 and retains that love even after its object is dead2 may love and marry another1 but it will be more from motives of policy than pure conjugal union2 and should exert every faculty to win the heart and hand of the one beloved2 nor allow any thing to alienate their affections1 because certain ruin to mind and body is consequent thereon4 ,,very ,,large4--,possesses the element of conjugal union1 and flowing together of soul1 in the highest degree1 and1 with ,continuity large1 becomes broken-hearted when disappointed1 and comparatively worthless in this world2 seeks death rather than life2 regards this union as the gem of life1 and its loss as worse than death2 and should manifest the utmost care to bestow itself only where it can be reciprocated for life4 ,,full4--,can love cordially1 yet is capable of changing its object1 especially if ,continuity be moderate2 will love for life provided circumstances are favorable1 yet will not bear every thing from a lover or companion1 and1 if one love is interrupted1 will form another4 ,,average4--,is disposed to love but one for life1 yet is capable of changing its object1 and1 with ,secretiveness and ,approbativeness large1 and ,conscientiousness only full1 is capable of coquetry1 especially if ,amativeness is large1 and ,adhesiveness only full1 and the temperament more powerful than fine-grained2 such should cultivate this faculty1 and not allow their other faculties to break their first love4 ,,moderate4--,is somewhat disposed to love only once1 yet allows other stronger faculties to interrupt first love1 and1 with ,amativeness large1 can form one attachment after another with comparative ease1 yet is not true as a lover1 nor faithful to first love4 ,,small4--,cares but little for first love1 and seeks the promiscuous society and affection of the opposite sex1 rather than a single partner for life4 ,,very ,,small4--,manifests none of this faculty1 and experiences too little to be cognizable4 #d4 ,,inhabitiveness4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #di4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ej4 ,,small4 ,the ,,home feeling2 love of ,,house1 the ,,place where one was born or has lived1 and of home associations4 ,adapted to man's need of an abiding place1 in which to exercise the family feelings2 patriotism4 ,perversion--homesickness when away from home4 ,,large4--,has a strong desire to locate young1 to have a home or room exclusively to itself2 leaves home with great reluctance1 and returns with extreme delight2 soon becomes attached to house1 sleeping-room1 garden1 fields1 furniture1 etc42 and highly prizes domestic associations2 nor is satisfied till it has a place on which to expend this home instinct2 with ,philoprogenitiveness1 ,adhesiveness1 ,individuality1 and ,locality large1 will love to travel1 yet be too fond of home to stay away long at a time2 may be a cosmopolite in early life1 and see much of the world2 but will afterward settle down in one spot2 but with ,approbativeness and ,combativeness large1 will defend national honor1 praise its own country1 government1 etc42 and defend both country and fireside with great spirit2 with ,ideality large1 is well adapted to beautify home2 with ,friendship large1 will delight to see friends at home1 rather than abroad2 with ,alimentiveness large1 will enjoy food at home better than elsewhere1 etc43 p4 #fh4 ,,very ,,large4--,is liable to be homesick when away from home1 especially for the first time1 and the more so if ,philoprogenitiveness and ,adhesiveness are large2 will suffer almost any inconvenience1 and forego bright prospects rather than leave home2 and remain in an inferior house or place of business1 rather than change4 ,its combinations will be analogous to those under ,inhabitiveness large3 p4 #fh4 ,,full4--,prefers to live in one place1 yet willingly changes it when interest or the other faculties require it2 and with large ,philoprogenitiveness1 ,adhesiveness1 and ,amativeness1 will think more of family and friends than of the domicile3 p4 #fi4 ,,average4--,loves home tolerably well1 yet with no great fervor1 and changes the place of abode as the other faculties may dictate2 takes no great interest in house or place1 as such1 or pleasure in their improvement1 and is satisfied with ordinary home comforts2 with ,acquisitiveness large1 spends reluctantly for its improvement2 with ,constructiveness moderate1 takes little pleasure in building additions to home2 with ,individuality and ,locality large1 loves traveling more than staying in one place1 and is satisfied with inferior home accommodations3 p4 #fh4 ,,moderate ,,or ,,small4--,cares little for home2 leaves it without much regret2 contemplates it with little delight2 takes little pains in its improvement2 and with ,acquisitiveness large1 spends reluctantly for its improvement3 p4 #fi4 ,,very ,,small4--,experiences almost none of this faculty1 and manifests still less3 p4 #fi4 #e4 ,,continuity4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ea4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #eb4 ,,small4 ,a patient ,,dwelling upon one thing till it is finished2 ,,consecutiveness and ,,connectedness of thought and feeling4 ,adapted to man's need of doing one thing at a time4 ,perversion--prolixity1 repetition1 and excessive amplification4 ,,large4--,gives the whole mind to the one thing in hand till it is finished2 completes as it goes2 keeps up one common train of thought1 or current of feeling1 for a long time2 is disconcerted if attention is directed to a second object1 and cannot duly consider another2 with ,adhesiveness large1 pores sadly over the loss of friends for months and years2 with the ,moral faculties large1 is uniform and consistent in religious exercises and character2 with ,combativeness and ,destructiveness large1 retains grudges and dislikes for a long time2 with ,ideality1 ,comparison1 and ,language large1 amplifies figures of speech1 and sustains figurative expressions2 with the intellectual faculties strong1 cons and pores over one thing1 and imparts a unity and completeness to intellectual investigations2 becomes thorough in whatever study it commences1 and delays rather than commences mental operations3 p4 #gj4 ,,very ,,large4--,fixes the mind upon objects slowly1 yet cannot leave them unfinished2 has great application1 yet lacks intensity or point2 is tedious1 prolix1 and thorough in few things1 rather than an amateur in many3 p4 #gj4 ,,full4--,dwells continuously upon subjects1 unless especially called to others2 prefers to finish up the matter in hand1 and can1 though with difficulty1 give attention to other things2 with the business organs large1 makes final settlements2 with the feelings large1 fixes their action1 yet is not monotonous1 etc43 p4 #ga4 ,,average4--,can dwell upon things1 or divert attention to others1 as occasion requires2 is not confused by interruption1 yet prefers one thing at a time2 with the intellectual organs large1 is not a smatterer1 nor yet profound2 with the mental temperament1 is clear in style1 and consecutive in idea1 yet never tedious2 with ,comparison large1 manufactures expressions and ideas consecutively1 and connectedly1 and always to the point1 yet never dwells unduly3 p4 #gj4 ,,moderate4--,loves and indulges variety1 and change of thought1 feeling1 occupation1 etc42 is not confused by them2 rather lacks application2 with a good intellectual lobe1 and an active temperament1 knows a little about a good many things1 rather than much about any one thing2 with an active organization thinks clearly1 and has unity and intensity of thought and feeling1 yet lacks connectedness2 with large ,language and small ,secretiveness1 talks easily1 but not long at a time upon one thing2 does better on the spur of the moment1 than by previous preparation2 and should cultivate consistency of character and fixedness of mind1 by finishing as he goes all he begins3 p4 #ga4 ,,small4--,with activity great1 commences many things1 yet finishes few2 craves novelty and variety2 puts many irons into the fire2 lacks application2 jumps rapidly from premise to conclusion1 and fails to connect and carry out ideas2 is a creature of impulse2 lacks steadiness and consistency of character2 may be brilliant1 yet cannot be profound2 humming-bird like1 flies rapidly from thing to thing1 but does not stay long2 has many good thoughts1 yet they are scattered2 and talks on a great variety of subjects in a short time1 but fails sadly in consecutiveness of feeling1 thought1 and action4 ,an illustrative anecdote4 ,an old and faithful servant to a passionate1 petulant master1 finally told him he could endure his testiness no longer1 and must leave1 though with extreme reluctance4 ,but1 replied the master1 you know ,i am no sooner mad than pleased again4 ,aye1 but1 replied the servant1 you are no sooner pleased than mad again3 p4 #ga4 ,,very ,,small4--,is restless1 and given to perpetual change2 with activity great1 is composed of gusts and counter-gusts of passion1 and never one thing more than an instant at a time3 p4 #gb4 ,,selfish ,,propensities4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ec4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ed4 ,,small4 ,these provide for man's ,,animal wants2 create those desires and instincts which relate more especially to his animal existence and habitual wants4 ,,large4--,gives strong animal desires2 creates that selfishness which takes good care of number one2 is strongly attached to this world and its pleasures2 and1 with activity great1 uses vigorous exertions to accomplish worldly and personal ends2 with the moral organs less than the selfish1 connected with bodily disease1 is liable to the depraved and sensual manifestation2 but with the moral and intellectual organs large1 and a healthy organization1 gives force1 energy1 determination1 and that efficiency which accomplishes much4 ,,very ,,large4--,experiences these animal impulses with still greater intensity2 enjoys animal existence and pleasures with the keenest relish2 and with great excitability or a fevered state of body1 produces a strong tendency to sensual gratification1 and sinful desires2 yet when properly directed1 and sanctified by the higher faculties1 gives tremendous force of character1 and energy of mind4 ,,full4--,creates a good share of energy and physical force1 yet no more than is necessary to cope with surrounding difficulties2 and1 with large moral and intellectual faculties1 manifests more mental than physical force4 ,,average4--,gives a fair share of animal force1 yet hardly enough to grapple with life's troubles and wrongs2 with large moral and intellectual faculties1 has more goodness than efficiency1 and enjoys quiet more than conflict with men2 and fails to manifest what goodness and talent are possessed4 ,,moderate4--,rather lacks efficiency2 yields to difficulties2 wants fortitude and determination2 fails to assert and maintain rights2 and with large moral organs1 is good-hearted1 moral1 etc42 yet borders on tameness4 ,,small1 ,,or ,,very ,,small4--,accomplishes little2 lacks courage and force1 and with large intellectual organs1 is talented1 yet utterly fails to manifest that talent2 and with large moral organs1 is so good as to be good for nothing4 ,e4 ,,vitativeness4 ,,tenacity of life2 resistance to death2 love of existence as such2 dreads annihilation2 loves life1 and clings tenaciously to it for its own sake4 ,,large4--,struggles resolutely through fits of sickness1 and will not give up to die till it is absolutely compelled to do so4 ,with large animal organs1 clings to life on account of this world's gratifications2 with large moral organs1 to do good--to promote human happiness1 etc42 with large social faculties1 loves life both for its own sake and to bless family2 with very large ,cautiousness1 dreads to change the present mode of existence1 and with large and perverted ,veneration and ,conscientiousness1 and small ,hope1 has an indescribable dread of entering upon an untried future state2 but with ,hope large1 and a cultivated intellect1 expects to exist hereafter1 etc4 ,,very ,,large4--,shrinks from death1 and clings to life with desperation2 struggles with the utmost determination against disease and death2 nor gives up to die till the very last1 and then by the hardest2 with ,cautiousness very large1 and ,hope moderate1 shudders at the very thought of dying1 or being dead2 but with ,hope large1 expects to live against hope and experience4 ,combinations like those under large1 allowance being made for the increase of this faculty4 ,,full4--,loves life1 and clings tenaciously to it1 yet not extravagantly2 hates to die1 yet yields to disease and death1 though reluctantly4 ,,average4--,enjoys life1 and clings to it with a fair degree of earnestness1 yet by no means with passionate fondness2 and with a given constitution and health1 will die easier and sooner than with this faculty large4 ,,moderate ,,or ,,small4--,likes to live1 yet cares no great about existence for its own sake2 with large animal or domestic organs1 may wish to live on account of family1 or business1 or worldly pleasure1 yet cares less about it for its own sake1 and yields up existence with little reluctance or dread4 ,,very ,,small4--,has no desire to live merely for the sake of living1 but only to gratify other faculties4 #f4 ,,combativeness4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ee4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ef4 ,,small4 ,,resistance2 ,,opposition2 ,,defence2 ,,defiance2 ,,boldness2 ,,courage2 ,,resentment2 ,,spirit2 ,,willingness to ,,encounter2 ,,self-,,protection2 ,,presence ,,of ,,mind2 ,,determination2 ,,get-,,out-,,of-,,my-,,way2 ,,let-,,me-,,and-,,mine-,,alone4 ,adapted to man's requisition for overcoming obstacles1 contending for rights1 etc4 ,perversion--anger2 contrariety2 fault-finding2 contention2 ill-nature2 and fighting4 ,,large4--,imparts a bold1 resolute1 fearless1 determined spirit2 disposes to grapple with and remove obstacles1 and drives whatever it undertakes2 loves debate and opposition2 gives great coolness1 intrepidity1 and presence of mind in time of danger1 and nerves one for encounter2 with large ,philoprogenitiveness1 takes the part of children2 with large ,inhabitiveness1 defends country2 with a powerful muscular system1 enhances the strength in lifting1 working1 and all kinds of manual labor2 with great ,vitativeness and ,destructiveness1 defends life with desperation2 with large ,acquisitiveness maintains pecuniary rights1 and drives money-making plans2 with large ,approbativeness1 resents insult1 and large ,adhesiveness added1 defends the character of friends2 with full or large ,self-,esteem1 defends personal interest1 takes its own part with spirit1 and repels all aggressions2 with ,self-,esteem small1 and ,benevolence and ,friendship large1 defends the interest of friends more than of self2 with large ,conscientiousness1 prosecutes the right1 and opposes the wrong2 with large intellectual organs1 imparts vigor1 power1 and impressiveness to thoughts1 expressions1 etc42 with disordered nerves1 is peevish1 fretful1 fault-finding1 irritable1 dissatisfied1 unreasonable1 and fiery in anger1 and should first restore the nerves to health1 and then restrain this fault-finding disposition1 by remembering that the cause is ,,in ,,them1 instead of in what they fret at3 p4 #ge4 ,,very ,,large4--,manifests those functions ascribed to ,combativeness large1 only in a still higher degree2 and with a fevered stomach1 is afflicted and torments others with an ungovernable temper1 together with unqualified bitterness and hatefulness3 p4 #gg4 ,,full4--,evinces those feelings described under large1 yet in a less degree1 and is modified more by the larger organs2 thus1 with large moral and intellectual faculties1 evinces much more moral than physical courage1 maintains the right and opposes the wrong--yet1 with ,firmness large1 in a decided rather than in a combative spirit1 etc43 p4 #gh4 ,,average4--,evinces the combative spirit according to circumstances2 when vigorously opposed1 or when any of the other faculties work in conjunction with ,combativeness1 shows a good degree of the opposing1 energetic spirit2 but1 when any of the other faculties1 such as large ,cautiousness or ,approbativeness work against it1 it evinces irresolution1 and even cowardice2 with an active temperament1 and disordered nerves1 especially if dyspeptic1 has a quick1 sharp1 fiery temper1 yet lacks power of anger--will fret and threaten1 yet will mean but little2 with a large brain1 and large moral and intellectual organs1 will evince some intellectual and moral force1 when once thoroughly roused1 which will be but seldom2 with large ,approbativeness1 and small ,acquisitiveness1 will defend character1 but not pecuniary rights2 with large ,cautiousness1 may be courageous where there is no danger1 yet will run rather than fight2 with smaller ,cautiousness1 will show some resentment when imposed upon1 but submit rather tamely to injuries2 with very large ,philoprogenitiveness1 and only average friendship1 will resent any injuries offered to children with great spirit1 yet not resent indignities offered to friends1 etc43 p4 #ge4 ,,moderate4--,rather lacks efficiency2 with only fair muscles1 is a poor worker1 and fails to put forth even what little strength is possessed2 with good moral and intellectual organs1 possesses talent and moral worth1 yet is easily overcome by opposition or difficulty2 should seek some quiet occupation1 where business comes in of itself1 because it cannot urge itself unbidden upon the attention of others2 is too good to be energetic2 with weak ,acquisitiveness1 allows virtual robbery without resentment2 with large ,cautiousness1 is tame and pusillanimous2 with large ,approbativeness1 cannot stand rebuke1 but will endure it2 with moderate ,self-,esteem and ,hope1 is all ,i can't1 it's hard1 etc41 and will not do well in life3 p4 #gh4 ,,small4--,is inefficient2 can accomplish little2 never feels its own strength2 and with large moral and intellectual organs1 is too gentle and easily satisfied2 with large ,cautiousness1 runs to others for protection1 and is always complaining of its bad treatment3 p4 #gi4 ,,very ,,small4--,possesses scarcely any energy1 and manifests none3 p4 #gi4 #g4 ,,destructiveness4 ,,executiveness2 ,,severity2 ,,sternness2 the ,,destroying and ,,pain-causing faculty2 ,,harshness2 ,,extermination2 ,,indignation2 disposition to ,,break1 ,,crush1 and ,,tear ,,down2 ,,the ,,walk-,,right-,,through-,,spirit2 adapted to man's destroying whatever is prejudicial to his happiness2 performing and enduring surgical operations2 undergoing pain1 etc4 ,perversion--wrath2 revenge2 malice2 disposition to murder1 etc4 ,,large4--,imparts that determination1 energy1 and force which removes or destroys whatever impedes its progression2 with ,firmness large1 gives that iron will which adheres till the very last1 in spite of every thing1 and carries its points any how2 with large ,combativeness1 imparts a harsh rough mode of expression and action1 and a severity1 if not fierceness1 to all its encounters2 with large ,acquisitiveness and ,conscientiousness1 will have every cent due1 though it costs two to get it1 yet wants no more1 and retains grudges against those who have injured its pockets2 with large ,approbativeness and ,combativeness1 experiences determination and hostility toward those who trifle with reputation or impeach character2 with large ,self-,esteem1 upon those who conflict with its interests1 or detract from its supposed merits2 with large ,adhesiveness1 when angry with friends1 is very angry2 with large ,benevolence and ,conscientiousness1 employs a harsh mode of showing kindness2 with large ,comparison and ,language1 bestows very severe and galling epithets upon those who rouse it2 with large ,ideality1 polishes and refines its expression of anger1 and puts a keen edge upon its sarcasms1 yet they are none the less cutting or efficient1 etc4 ,such should avoid and turn from whatever provokes it3 p4 #hb4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #eg4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #eh4 ,,small4 ,,very ,,large4--,feels the most powerful indignation1 amounting even to rage and violence1 when thoroughly provoked2 and with large or very large ,combativeness1 acts like a chafed lion1 and feels like rushing into the midst of perilous dangers4 ,such persons should never strike1 for they will strike harder than they mean to1 because it nerves the arm with unwonted strength4 ,this faculty tears up and destroys whatever is in its way2 is harsh and often morose in manner1 and should cultivate pleasantness2 with large ,combativeness1 ,firmness1 ,self-,esteem1 and ,approbativeness moderate1 is exceedingly repulsive1 hating and hateful when angry1 and is much more provoked than occasion requires2 with large intellectuals1 puts forth tremendous mental energy2 and should offset this faculty by reason and moral feeling1 and cultivate blandness instead of wrath3 p4 #hc4 ,,full4--,evinces a fair degree of this faculty1 yet its tone and direction depend upon the larger organs2 with large propensities1 manifests much animal force2 with large moral organs1 evinces moral determination and force2 with large intellectual organs1 possesses intellectual might and energy1 and thus of its other combinations2 but with smaller ,combativeness1 is peaceful until thoroughly roused1 but then rather harsh and vindictive2 in boys1 attacks only those it knows it can conquer1 yet is then harsh2 with smaller ,self-,esteem1 exercises this faculty more in behalf of others than of itself2 with large ,cautiousness and moderate ,combativeness1 keeps out of danger1 broils1 etc41 till literally compelled to engage in them1 but then becomes desperate1 etc43 p4 #hc4 ,,average4--,manifests itself in a similar manner as when full1 due allowance being made for diminished power3 p4 #hb4 ,,moderate4--,evinces but little harshness or severity2 with large ,benevolence1 is unable to witness suffering or death1 much less to cause them2 will possess but little force of mind1 or executiveness of character1 to drive through great obstacles2 with large moral organs added1 will be more beloved than feared1 and manifest extreme sympathy1 amounting sometimes even to weakness1 and secure ends more by mild than severe measures2 with moderate ,combativeness and ,self-,esteem1 is irresolute1 unable to stand its ground1 or to take care of itself2 flies to others for protection2 can do little1 and feels that it can do still less2 fails to realize or put forth its strength2 and with large ,cautiousness added1 sees a lion where there is none1 and makes mountains of mole-hills2 and with small ,hope added is literally good for nothing2 but with large ,hope and ,firmness1 and full ,self-,esteem and ,combativeness1 accomplishes considerable1 yet in a quiet way1 and by perseverance more than force1 by siege rather than by storm1 and with large intellectual and moral faculties added1 will be a good1 yet not a tame1 citizen2 exert a good influence1 and that always healthful1 and be missed more when dead than prized while living4 ,those combinations under this organ large1 reversed1 apply to it when moderate3 p4 #hd4 ,,small4--,with large moral faculties1 possesses too tender a soul to enjoy our world as it is1 or to endure hardships or cruelties2 can neither endure nor cause suffering1 and show so little as to provoke a smile or ridicule1 and should cultivate hardness and force3 p4 #hb4 ,,very ,,small4--,experiences little1 and manifests none of this faculty4 #h4 ,,alimentiveness4 ,,appetite2 the ,,feeding instinct2 ,,relish for food2 ,,hunger2 adapted to man's need of food1 and creating a disposition to eat4 ,perverted1 it produces gormandizing and gluttony1 and ends in dyspepsia and all its evils4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ei4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #fj4 ,,small4 ,,large4--,has a hearty relish for food2 sets a high value upon table enjoyments1 and solid1 hearty food2 with ,acquisitiveness large1 lays up abundance of food for future use--perhaps keeps so much on hand that some of it spoils2 with ,ideality large1 must eat from a clean plate1 and have food nicely cooked2 with large ,language and intellect1 enjoys table-talk exceedingly1 and participates in it2 with large social faculties1 must eat with others2 is a good cook1 if practiced in culinary arts2 and with larger ,approbativeness and ,ideality than ,causality1 is apt to be ceremonious and over-polite at table1 etc4 ,such should restrain this faculty by eating less1 more slowly1 and seldom3 p4 #hf4 ,,very ,,large4--,often eats more than is requisite2 enjoys food exceedingly well2 and hence is liable to clog body and mind by over-eating2 should restrain appetite2 will feel better by going without an occasional meal1 and is liable to dyspepsia4 ,this faculty is liable to take on a diseased action1 and crave a much greater amount of food than nature requires1 and hence is the great cause of dyspepsia4 ,its diseased action may be known by a craving1 hankering1 gone sensation before eating2 by heart-burn1 pain in the stomach1 belching of wind1 a dull1 heavy1 or painful sensation in the head1 and a desire to be always nibbling at something2 lives to eat1 instead of eating to live1 and should at once be erased by omitting one meal daily1 and1 in its stead1 drinking abundantly of cold water4 ,abstemiousness will rectify this depraved appetite1 while over-eating will only re-inflame both the stomach and its diseased hankering3 p4 #hg4 ,,full4--,with a healthy stomach1 eats freely what is offered1 asking no questions2 enjoying it1 but not extravagantly2 rarely over-eats1 except when the stomach is disordered1 and then experiences this hankering above described1 which light eating alone can cure4 ,for combinations1 see ,alimentiveness large3 p4 #hg4 ,,average4--,enjoys food well1 and eats with a fair relish2 yet rarely over-eats except when rendered craving by dyspeptic complaints3 p4 #hf4 ,,moderate4--,rather lacks appetite2 eats with little relish1 and hence requires to pamper and cultivate appetite by dainties1 and enjoying rich favors2 can relish food only when other circumstances are favorable2 feels little hunger1 and eats to live1 instead of lives to eat2 with ,eventuality small1 cannot remember from one meal to another what he had at the last3 p4 #hg4 ,,small4--,eats with long teeth1 and little relish2 hardly knows or cares what or when he eats2 and should pay more attention to duly feeding the body3 p4 #hh4 ,,very ,,small4--,is almost wholly destitute of appetite4 ,this faculty is more liable to perversion than any other1 and excessive eating occasions more sickness1 and depraves the animal faculties more than all other causes combined4 ,properly to feed the body1 is of the utmost importance4 ,whenever this faculty becomes diseased1 the first object should be to restore its natural function by abstinence4 ,medicines can never do it4 ,f4 ,,bibativeness ,,or ,,aquativeness4 ,,fondness for ,,liquids2 desire to ,,drink2 love of ,,water1 washing1 bathing1 swimming1 sailing1 etc4 ,adapted to the existence and utility of water4 ,perversion--drinking in excessive quantities2 drunkenness2 and unquenchable thirst4 ,,large4--,loves to drink freely1 and frequently2 experiences much thirst2 enjoys washing1 swimming1 bathing1 etc41 exceedingly1 and is benefited by them2 with ,ideality large1 loves water prospects4 ,,very ,,large4--,is exceedingly fond of water1 whether applied internally or externally2 with large ,adhesiveness and ,approbativeness1 and small ,self-,esteem and ,acquisitiveness1 should avoid the social glass1 lest he be overcome by it4 ,,full4--,enjoys water well1 but not extravagantly2 drinks freely when the stomach is in a fevered state1 and is benefited by its judicious external application4 ,,average4--,likes to drink at times1 after working freely or perspiring copiously1 yet cares no great about it4 ,,moderate4--,partakes of little water1 except occasionally1 and is not particularly benefitted by its external application1 further than is necessary for cleanliness2 dislikes the shower or plunge baths1 and rather dreads than enjoys sailing1 swimming1 etc41 especially if ,cautiousness is large4 ,,small4--,cares little for this element in any of its forms1 or for any liquid food1 and1 with large ,cautiousness1 dreads to be on or near the water2 with ,alimentiveness large1 prefers solid hard food to puddings or broth1 etc4 ,,very ,,small4--,has an unqualified aversion to water4 #i4 ,,acquisitiveness4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #fa4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #fb4 ,,small4 ,,economy2 ,,frugality2 the ,,acquiring1 ,,saving1 and ,,hoarding instinct2 ,,laying ,,up ,,of ,,surplus1 and allowing nothing to be ,,wasted2 desire to ,,possess and ,,own2 the ,,mine ,,and ,,thine ,,feeling2 claiming of one's own things2 love of ,,trading ,,and ,,amassing ,,property4 ,adapted to man's need of laying up the necessaries and comforts of life against a time of future need4 ,perversion--a miserly1 grasping1 close-fisted penuriousness4 ,,large4--,saves for future use what is not wanted for present2 allows nothing to go to waste2 turns every thing to a good account2 buys closely1 and makes the most of all it gets2 is industrious1 economical1 and vigorously employs means to accumulate property and desires to own and possess much2 with large1 social organs1 industriously acquires property for domestic purposes1 yet is saving in the family2 with very large ,adhesiveness and ,benevolence1 is industrious in acquiring property1 yet spends it too freely upon friends2 with large ,hope added1 is too apt to endorse for them2 with small ,secretiveness1 and with activity greater than power1 is liable to overdo1 and takes so much work upon itself in order to save1 as often to incur sickness1 and thus loses more than gains2 with large ,approbativeness and small ,secretiveness1 tells how much property it possesses1 but with large ,secretiveness1 keeps its own pecuniary affairs to itself2 with large ,constructiveness1 inclines to make money by engaging in some mechanical branch of business2 with large ,cautiousness1 is provident2 with large ,ideality1 keeps its things very nice1 and is tormented by whatever mars beauty2 with large intellectual organs1 loves to accumulate books1 and whatever facilitates intellectual progress2 with large ,veneration and ,self-,esteem1 sets great store on antique and rare coins1 and specimens1 etc43 p4 #hi4 ,,very ,,large4--,hastens to be rich2 is too eager after wealth2 too close in making bargains2 too small and close in dealing2 with large ,cautiousness1 is penny wise1 but pound foolish2 holds the sixpence too close to the eye to see the dollar further off1 and gives its entire energies to amassing property2 with smaller ,secretiveness and large ,conscientiousness1 is close1 yet honest1 will have all its own1 yet wants no more1 and never employs deception2 but1 with large ,secretiveness and but average ,conscientiousness1 makes money any how2 palms off inferior articles for good ones1 or at least over-praises what it wants to sell1 and runs down what it buys2 and with large ,philoprogenitiveness and ,perceptives added1 can make a finished horse-jockey2 with small ,self-,esteem1 is small and mean in deal1 and sticks for the half cent2 with very large ,hope1 and only full ,cautiousness1 embarks too deeply in business1 and is liable to fail2 with large ,adhesiveness and ,benevolence1 will do for friends more than give1 and circulate the subscription paper rather than sign it2 with large ,hope and ,secretiveness1 and only average ,cautiousness1 buys more than it can pay for1 bases more in promises than in money1 and should adopt a cash practice1 and check the manifestations of this faculty by being less penurious and industrious1 and more liberal3 p4 #ib4 ,,full4--,takes good care of what it possesses1 and uses vigorous exertions to enhance them2 values property for itself and its uses2 is industrious1 yet not grasping2 and saving1 without being close2 with large ,benevolence1 is too ready to help friends2 and with large ,hope added1 too liable to endorse2 and with an active temperament1 is too industrious to come to want2 yet too generous ever to be rich4 ,for additional combinations1 see ,acquisitiveness large3 p4 #ic4 ,,average4--,loves property2 yet the other faculties spend quite as fast as this faculty accumulates2 with ,cautiousness large or very large1 loves property in order to be safe against future want2 with large ,approbativeness1 desires it to keep up appearances2 with large ,conscientiousness to pay debts when it has the means2 with large intellectual organs1 will contribute to intellectual attainments2 yet the kind of property and objects sought in its acquisition1 depend upon other and larger faculties3 p4 #hi4 ,,moderate4--,values and makes property more for its uses than itself2 seeks it as a means rather than an end2 with ,cautiousness large1 may evince economy from fear of coming to want2 or with other large organs1 to secure other ends2 yet cares no great for property on its own account2 is rather wasteful2 does not excel in bargaining1 or like it2 has no great natural pecuniary tact1 or money-making capability1 and is in danger of living quite up to income2 with ,ideality large1 must have nice things1 no matter if they are costly1 yet does not take first-rate care of them2 disregards small expenses2 purchases to consume as soon as to keep2 prefers to enjoy earnings now to laying them up2 with large domestic organs1 spends freely for family2 with strong ,approbativeness and moderate ,cautiousness1 is liable to be a spendthrift1 and contract debts to make a display2 with ,hope large1 runs deeply in debt1 and spends money before it is earned2 and thus of the other combinations3 p4 #id4 ,,small4--,holds money loosely2 spends it often without getting its full value2 cares little how his money goes2 with ,hope very large1 enjoys his money to-day without saving for to-morrow2 and with large ,approbativeness and ,ideality added1 and only average ,causality1 is prodigal1 and spends money to poor advantage2 contracts debts without providing for their payment1 etc4 ,for additional combinations1 see ,acquisitiveness moderate3 p4 #ie4 ,,very ,,small4--,neither heeds nor knows the value of money2 is wasteful2 spends all it can get2 lacks industry1 and will be always in want3 p4 #ie4 ,the back part of this organ1 called ,acquisition1 accumulates property2 the fore part1 called ,accumulation1 saves2 the former large and latter small1 encompasses sea and land to make a dollar1 and then throws it away1 which is an ,american characteristic2 and gets many things1 but allows them to go to waste4 ,properly to spend money1 implies a high order of wisdom4 ,every dollar should be made an instrument of the highest happiness4 #aj4 ,,secretiveness4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #fc4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #fd4 ,,small4 ,,self-,,government2 ability to ,,restrain feelings2 ,,policy2 ,,management2 ,,reserve2 ,,evasion2 ,,discretion2 ,,cunning4 ,adapted to man's requisition for controlling his animal nature4 ,perverted1 it causes duplicity1 double-dealing1 lying1 deception1 and all kinds of false pretensions4 ,,large4--,throws a veil over the countenance1 expression1 and conduct2 appears to aim at one thing while accomplishing another2 loves to surprise others2 is enigmatical1 mysterious1 guarded1 foxy1 politic1 shrewd1 managing1 employs humbug1 and is hard to be found out2 with ,cautiousness large1 takes extra pains to escape detection2 with ,conscientiousness also large1 will not tell a lie1 yet will not always tell the truth2 evades the direct question1 and is equivocal in character2 and though honest in purpose1 yet resorts to many little cunning devices2 with large intellectual organs and ,cautiousness1 expresses its ideas so guardedly as to lack distinctness and directness1 and hence is often misunderstood2 with large ,approbativeness1 takes many ways to secure notoriety1 and hoists some false colors2 with large ,acquisitiveness1 employs too much cunning in pecuniary transactions1 and unless checked by still larger ,conscientiousness1 is not always strictly truthful or honest2 with large social organs1 forms few friendships1 and those only after years of acquaintance1 nor evinces half the attachment felt2 is distant in society1 and communicates1 even with friends1 only by piecemeal2 divulges very few plans or business matters to acquaintances1 or even to friends2 lacks communicativeness1 and has little or no fresh-hearted expression of feeling1 but leaves an impression of uncertainty as to what they are and mean3 p4 #if4 ,,very ,,large4--,is non-committal2 cunning in the extreme2 with only average ,conscientiousness1 is deceptive1 tricky1 double-dealing1 and unworthy to be trusted2 with large ,acquisitiveness added1 will cheat as well as lie2 with large ,cautiousness1 is unfathomable even by acknowledged friends2 with very large ,conscientiousness and large moral organs1 and only average or full propensities1 is not dangerous1 and has a good moral basis1 yet instinctively employs many stratagems1 calculated to cast off suspicions on its motives2 and should cultivate openness and sincerity3 p4 #ih4 ,,full4--,evinces much self-government2 yet1 if temperament be active1 when the feelings do break forth1 manifest themselves with unusual intensity2 with large ,acquisitiveness and ,cautiousness1 communicates but little respecting pecuniary affairs2 with large ,approbativeness1 takes the popular side of subjects1 and sails only with the current of public opinion2 with ,conscientiousness large1 is upright in motive1 and tells the truth1 but not always the whole truth2 and1 though it hoists no false colors1 it does not always show its own4 ,for additional combinations1 see ,secretiveness large3 p4 #ii4 ,,average4--,maintains a good share of self-government1 except when under excitement1 and then lets the whole mind out fully2 with large ,combativeness and an active temperament1 though generally able to control resentment1 yet1 when once provoked1 shows the full extent of its resentment2 with large ,cautiousness1 sees that there is no danger before it lets the feelings fly2 but with an excitable temperament1 and especially a deranged stomach1 shows a general want of policy and self-government1 because the feelings are too strong to be kept in check2 but if this faculty is manifested in connection with larger faculties1 it evinces considerable power1 yet is wanting when placed in opposition to them3 p4 #if4 ,,moderate4--,expresses feelings with considerable fullness2 pursues an open1 direct course2 is sincere and true2 employs but little policy1 and generally gives vent to thoughts and feelings2 with ,cautiousness large1 evinces prudence in deeds1 but imprudence in words2 expresses opinions imprudently1 yet is safe and circumspect in conduct2 with large ,acquisitiveness and ,conscientiousness1 prefers the one-price system in dealing1 and cannot bear to banter2 with large ,adhesiveness1 is a sincere1 open-hearted friend1 and communicates with perfect freedom2 with large ,conscientiousness1 and ,combativeness added1 is truthful1 and speaks its whole mind too bluntly2 with fine feelings1 and a good moral organization1 manifests the higher1 finer feelings1 without restraint or reserve1 so as to be the more attractive2 is full of goodness1 and shows all that goodness without any intervening veil2 manifests in looks and actions what is passing within2 expresses all its mental operations with fullness1 freedom1 and force2 chooses direct and unequivocal modes of expression2 discloses faults as freely as virtues1 and leaves none at a loss as to the real character2 but with the harsher elements predominant1 appears more hating and hateful than it really is because it blows all its dislikes right out3 p4 #ajj4 ,,small4--,is perfectly transparent2 seems to be just what1 and all that1 it really is1 disdains concealment in all its forms2 is no hypocrite1 but passive and unequivocal in all it says or does2 carries the soul in the hands and face1 and makes its way directly to the feelings1 because it expresses itself so unequivocally2 with large ,cautiousness1 is guarded in action1 but unguarded in expression2 frees its mind regardless of consequences1 yet shows much prudence in other respects2 with ,conscientiousness large1 loves the truth wherever it exists1 and opens its mind freely to evidence and conviction2 is open and above board in every thing1 and allows all the mental operations to come right out1 unveiled and unrestrained1 so that their full force is seen and felt3 p4 #aja4 ,,very ,,small4--,conceals nothing1 but discloses every thing3 p4 #aja4 #aa4 ,,cautiousness4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #fe4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ff4 ,,small4 ,,carefulness2 ,,watchfulness2 ,,prudence2 ,,provision against want and danger2 ,,solicitude2 ,,anxiety2 ,,apprehension2 ,,security2 ,,protection2 ,,avoiding prospective evils2 the sentinel4 ,adapted to those dangers which surround us1 and those provisions necessary for our future happiness4 ,perversion--irresolution2 timidity2 procrastination2 indecision4 ,,large4--,is always on the look-out2 takes ample time to get ready2 provides against prospective dangers2 makes every thing safe2 guards against losses and evils2 incurs no risk2 sure binds that it may sure find2 with large ,combativeness1 ,hope1 and an active temperament1 drives1 ,jehu-like1 whatever is undertaken1 yet drives cautiously2 lays on the lash1 yet holds a tight rein1 so as not to upset its plans2 with ,large ,approbativeness1 is doubly cautious as to character2 with large ,approbativeness and small ,acquisitiveness1 is extra careful of character1 but not of money2 with large ,acquisitiveness and small ,approbativeness takes special care of all money matters1 but not of reputation2 with large ,adhesiveness and ,benevolence1 experiences the greatest solicitude for the welfare of friends2 with large ,conscientiousness1 is careful to do nothing wrong2 with large ,causality1 lays safe plans1 and is judicious2 with large ,combativeness and ,hope1 combines judgment with energy and enterprise1 and often seems reckless1 yet is prudent2 with large intellectual organs and ,firmness1 is cautious in coming to conclusions1 and canvasses well all sides of the question1 yet1 once settled1 is unmoved2 with small ,self-,esteem1 relies too much upon the judgment of others1 and too little upon itself2 with large ,philoprogenitiveness and disordered nerves1 experiences unnecessary solicitude for children1 and takes extra care of them1 etc43 p4 #ajd4 ,,very ,,large4--,with an excitable nervous system1 procrastinates1 puts off till to-morrow what ought to be done to-day2 lacks promptness and decision1 and refuses to run any risk2 with only average or full ,combativeness1 ,self-,esteem1 and ,hope1 and large ,approbativeness1 accomplishes literally nothing1 but should always act under others2 with large ,acquisitiveness1 prefers small but sure gains to large but more risky ones1 and safe investments to active business4 ,for additional combinations1 see ,combativeness large1 etc43 p4 #aje4 ,,full4--,shows a good share of prudence and carefulness1 except when the other faculties are powerfully excited2 with large ,combativeness and very large ,hope1 has but little prudence for his energy2 is tolerably safe except when under considerable excitement2 with large ,acquisitiveness1 is very careful whenever money or property are concerned2 yet with only average ,causality1 evinces but little general prudence1 and lays plans for the present rather than future1 etc43 p4 #aje4 ,,average4--,has a good share of prudence1 whenever this faculty works in connection with the larger organs1 yet evinces but little in the direction of the smaller organs2 with large ,combativeness and ,hope1 and an excitable temperament1 is practically imprudent1 yet somewhat less so than appearances indicate2 with large ,causality1 and only average ,hope and ,combativeness1 and a temperament more strong than excitable1 evinces good general judgment1 and meets with but few accidents2 but with an excitable temperament1 large ,combativeness and ,hope and only average or full ,causality1 will always be in hot water1 fail to mature his plans1 begin before he is ready1 and be luckless and unfortunate in every thing1 etc43 p4 #ajc4 ,,moderate4--,with excitability great1 acts upon the spur of the moment1 without due deliberation2 meets with many accidents caused by imprudence2 with large ,combativeness1 is often at variance with neighbors2 with large ,approbativeness1 seeks praise1 yet often incurs criticism2 with average ,causality and large ,hope1 is always doing imprudent things1 and requires a guardian2 with small ,acquisitiveness keeps money loosely1 and is easily over-persuaded to buy more than can be paid for2 with large ,philoprogenitiveness1 loves to play with children1 yet often hurts them2 with large ,language and small ,secretiveness1 says many very imprudent things1 etc41 and has a hard row to hoe2 and with large ,combativeness1 has many enemies1 but few friends1 etc43 p4 #ajf4 ,,small4--,is rash1 reckless1 luckless2 and with large ,hope1 always in trouble2 with large ,combativeness1 plunges headlong into difficulties in full sight1 and should assiduously cultivate this faculty3 p4 #ajf4 ,,very ,,small4--,has so little of this faculty1 that its influence upon conduct is rarely ever perceived3 p4 #ajg4 #ab4 ,,approbativeness4 ,,desire to be ,,esteemed2 regard for ,,character1 ,,appearances1 etc42 love of ,,praise2 desire to ,,excel2 ,,ambition2 ,,affability2 ,,politeness2 desire to ,,display and show off2 sense of ,,honor2 desire for a ,,good ,,name1 for ,,notoriety1 ,,fame1 ,,eminence1 ,,distinction1 and to be ,,thought ,,well of2 ,,pride of character2 ,,sensitiveness to the speeches of people2 and love of ,,popularity4 ,adapted to the reputable and disgraceful4 ,perversion--vanity2 affectation2 ceremoniousness2 aristocracy2 pomposity2 eagerness for popularity2 outside display1 etc4 ,,large4--,loves commendation1 and is cut by censure2 is keenly alive to the smiles of public opinion2 minds what people say2 strives to show off to advantage1 and is affable1 courteous1 and desirous of pleasing2 loves to be in company2 stands on etiquette and ceremony2 aspires to do and become something great2 sets much by appearances1 and is mortified by reproach2 with large ,cautiousness and moderate ,self-,esteem1 is careful to take the popular side1 and fears to face the ridicule of others2 yet with ,conscience and ,combativeness large1 sticks to the right1 though it is unpopular1 knowing that it will ultimately confer honor2 with large ,benevolence1 seeks praise for works of philanthropy and mercy2 with large intellectual organs1 loves literary and intellectual distinctions2 with large ,adhesiveness1 desires the good opinion of friends1 yet cares little for that of others2 with large ,self-,esteem1 ,combativeness1 and excitability1 is very touchy when criticised1 seeks public life1 wants all the praise1 and hates rivals2 with large perceptives1 takes a forward part in literary and debating societies2 with large ,combativeness1 ,hope1 and activity1 will not be outdone1 but rather work till completely exhausted1 and liable to hurt itself by feats of rivalry3 p4 #ajh4 ,,very ,,large4--,sets every thing by the good opinion of others2 is ostentatious1 if not vain and ambitious2 loves praise1 and is mortified by censure inordinately2 with moderate ,self-,esteem and ,firmness1 cannot breast public opinion1 but is over fond of popularity2 with only average ,conscience1 seeks popularity without regard to true merit2 but with large ,conscience1 seeks praise mainly for virtuous doings2 with large ,ideality1 and only average ,causality1 seeks praise for fashionable dress and outside appearance rather than internal merit2 and is both vain and fashionable as well as aristocratic1 and starves the kitchen to stuff the parlor2 with large ,acquisitiveness1 boasts of riches2 with large ,adhesiveness1 boasts of friends2 with large ,language1 is extra forward in conversation1 and engrosses much of the time1 etc4 ,this is the main organ of aristocracy1 exclusiveness1 fashionableness1 so-called pride1 and nonsensical outside show3 p4 #aaj4 ,,full4--,values the estimation of others1 yet will not go far out of the way to get it2 seeks praise in connection with the larger organs1 yet cares little for it in the direction of the smaller ones2 is not aristocratic1 yet likes to make a fair show in the world2 with large ,adhesiveness1 loves the praise and cannot endure the censure of friends2 with large ,conscientiousness1 sets much by ,,moral character1 and wishes to be praised for correct ,,motives2 yet1 with moderate ,acquisitiveness1 cares little for the name of being rich2 with large ,benevolence and intellectual organs1 desires to be esteemed for evincing talent in doing good1 etc43 p4 #aaj4 ,,average4--,evinces only a respectable share of this faculty1 except when it is powerfully wrought upon by praise or reproach2 is mortified by censure1 yet not extremely so1 and calls his other faculties to his justification2 is not sufficiently ambitious to incur injury1 yet is by no means deficient in this respect2 and is not insensible to compliments1 yet cannot well be inflated with praise3 p4 #ajg4 ,,moderate4--,feels some1 but no great1 regard for popularity2 and evinces this faculty only in connection with the larger faculties2 with large ,self-,esteem and ,firmness1 is inflexible and austere2 and with large ,combativeness and small ,agreeableness1 lacks civility and complaisance to others2 disdains to flatter1 and cannot be stuffed and should cultivate a pleasing1 winning mode of address3 p4 #aab4 ,,small4--,cares little for the opinions of others1 even of friends2 is comparatively insensible to praise2 disregards style and fashion2 despises etiquette and formal usages2 never asks what will persons think1 and puts on no outside appearances for their own sake2 with large ,self-,esteem1 ,firmness1 and ,combativeness1 is destitute of politeness1 devoid of ceremony1 and not at all flexible or pleasing in manners2 with large ,combativeness and ,conscientiousness1 goes for the right regardless of popularity1 and is always making enemies2 says and does things in so graceless a manner as often to displease2 with large ,acquisitiveness and ,self-,esteem1 though wealthy1 makes no boast of it1 and is as commonplace in conduct as if poor1 etc43 p4 #aab4 ,,very ,,small4--,cares almost nothing for reputation1 praise1 or censure as such4 #ac4 ,,self-,,esteem4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #fg4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #fh4 ,,small4 ,,self-appreciation and valuation2 self-,,respect and ,,reliance2 ,,magnanimity2 ,,nobleness2 ,,independence2 ,,dignity2 ,,self-,,satisfaction and complacency2 love of liberty and power2 an ,,aspiring1 ,,self-,,elevating1 ,,ruling instinct2 ,,pride of character2 ,,manliness2 ,,lofty-,,mindedness1 and desire for elevation4 ,adapted to the superiority1 greatness1 and exalted dignity of human nature4 ,perversion--haughtiness2 forwardness1 overbearing2 tyranny2 egotism1 and superciliousness4 ,,large4--,puts a high estimate upon itself1 its sayings1 doings1 and capabilities2 falls back upon its own unaided resources2 will not take advice1 but insists upon being its own master2 is high-minded2 will never stoop or demean itself2 aims high2 is not satisfied with moderate success1 or a petty business1 and comports and expresses itself with dignity1 and perhaps with majesty1 and is perfectly self-satisfied2 with large ,philoprogenitiveness1 prides itself in its children1 yet with ,combativeness large1 requires implicit obedience1 and is liable to be stern2 with large ,adhesiveness1 seeks society1 yet must be its leader2 with large ,acquisitiveness added1 seeks partnership1 but must be the head of the firm2 with large ,firmness and ,combativeness1 cannot be driven1 but insists upon doing its own will and pleasure1 and is sometimes contrary and headstrong2 with large ,hope1 thinks that any thing it does cannot possibly fail1 because done so well2 with large moral organs1 imparts a tone1 dignity1 aspiration1 and elevation of character1 which commands universal respect2 and with large intellectual faculties added1 is desirous of1 and well calculated for public life2 is a natural leader1 but seeks moral distinction1 and leads the public mind2 with large ,combativeness1 ,destructiveness1 ,firmness1 and ,approbativeness1 loves to be captain or general1 and speaks with that sternness and authority which enforce obedience2 with large ,acquisitiveness aspires to be rich1 the richest man in town1 partly on account of the power wealth confers2 with large ,language1 ,individuality1 ,firmness1 and ,combativeness1 seeks to be a political leader2 with large ,constructiveness1 ,perceptives1 ,causality1 and ,combativeness1 is well calculated to have the direction of men1 and oversee large mechanical establishments2 with only average brain and intellect1 and large selfish faculties1 is proud1 haughty1 domineering1 egotistical1 overbearing1 greedy of power and dominion1 etc43 p4 #aad4 ,,very ,,large4--,evinces the characteristics of large1 only in a still higher degree2 is very apt to be pompous1 supercilious1 proud1 and imperious2 will do nothing except it be on the largest scale2 yet1 unless ,causality be large1 is apt to fail1 because ambition is too great for the calibre2 with large ,firmness1 ,approbativeness1 and ,hope1 is a real aristocrat1 and puts himself above every body else2 with only average ,approbativeness and ,agreeableness1 takes no pains to smooth off the rougher points of character1 but is every way repulsive2 with average ,philoprogenitiveness1 is very domineering in the family1 and insists upon being waited upon1 obeyed1 etc42 and should carry his head a little lower1 and humble his proud soul3 p4 #aaf4 ,,full4--,evinces a good degree of dignity and self-respect1 yet is not proud or haughty2 with large ,combativeness1 ,firmness and ,hope1 relies fully upon its own energies in cases of emergency1 yet is willing to hear advice though seldom takes it2 conducts becomingly and secures respect2 and with large ,combativeness and ,firmness1 and full ,destructiveness and ,hope1 evinces much power of this faculty1 but little when these faculties are small3 p4 #aaf4 ,,average4--,shows this faculty mainly in combination with those that are larger2 with large ,approbativeness and ,firmness1 and a large brain and moral organs1 rarely trifles or evinces meanness2 yet is rarely conceited1 and thinks neither too little nor too much of self1 but places a just estimate upon its own capabilities2 with large ,adhesiveness1 both receives and imparts character to friends1 yet receives most2 with large ,conscientiousness1 prides itself more on moral worth than physical qualities1 wealth1 titles1 etc42 and with large intellectual and moral organs1 values itself mainly for intellectual and moral excellence3 p4 #aac4 ,,moderate4--,rather underrates personal capabilities and worth2 feels rather inferior1 unworthy1 and humble2 lacks dignity and manliness1 and is rather apt to say and do trifling things1 and let itself down2 with large intellectual and moral organs1 leads off well when once placed in a responsible position1 yet at first distrusts its own capabilities2 with large ,conscientiousness1 ,combativeness1 and activity1 often appears self-sufficient and positive1 because certain of being right1 yet it is founded more on reason than egotism2 with large ,approbativeness1 loves to show off1 and make others satisfied with its capabilities1 yet is not satisfied with itself2 goes abroad after praise1 rather than feels internally conscious of its own merits2 is apt to boast because it would make others appreciate its powers1 while1 if it were fully conscious of them1 it would care less about the estimation of others2 with large moral and intellectual powers1 has exalted thoughts and aspirations1 and communicates well1 yet often detracts from them by commonplace phrases and undignified expressions2 will be too familiar to be respected in proportion to merit1 and should vigorously cultivate this faculty by banishing mean and cultivating high thoughts of self3 p4 #aaf4 ,,small4--,feels diminutive in its own eyes2 lacks elevation and dignity of tone and manner2 places a low estimate on self2 and1 with ,approbativeness large1 is more anxious to appear well in the eyes of others than in its own2 with large ,combativeness and ,destructiveness1 shows some self-reliance when provoked or placed in responsible positions1 yet lacks that dignity and tone which commands universal respect1 and gives a capability to lead off in society2 lacks self-confidence and weight of character2 shrinks from responsible and great undertakings1 from a feeling of unworthiness2 underrates itself1 and is therefore undervalued by others1 and feels insignificant as if in the way1 or trespassing upon others1 and hence often apologizes2 and should feel constantly ,i'm a man4 ,,very ,,small4--,feels little1 and manifests none of this faculty4 #ad4 ,,firmness4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #fi4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #gj4 ,,small4 ,,stability2 ,,decision2 ,,perseverance2 ,,fixedness of purpose2 ,,tenacity of ,,will1 and aversion to change4 ,adapted to man's requisition for holding out to the end4 ,perversion--obstinacy2 willfulness2 mulishness2 stubbornness2 unwillingness to change1 even though reason requires4 ,,large4--,is set in its own way2 sticks to and carries out what it commences2 holds on long and hard2 continues to the end1 and may be fully relied upon2 with full ,self-,esteem and large ,combativeness1 cannot be driven1 but the more it is forced the more it resists2 with large ,combativeness and ,destructiveness1 adds perseverance to stability1 and not only holds on1 but drives forward determinedly through difficulties2 with large ,hope1 undertakes much and carries it all out2 with large ,cautiousness and ,causality1 is careful and judicious in laying plans and forming opinions1 yet rarely changes when once decided2 may seem to waver until the mind is fully made up1 but is afterward the more unchanging2 with ,hope very large1 and ,cautiousness and ,causality only average1 decides quickly1 even rashly1 and refuses to change2 with ,adhesiveness and ,benevolence large1 is easily persuaded1 especially by friends1 yet cannot be driven2 and with large ,cautiousness1 ,combativeness1 ,causality1 perceptives1 activity1 and power1 will generally succeed1 because wise in planning and persevering in execution2 with ,combativeness and ,self-,esteem large1 and ,causality only average1 will not see the force of arguments against himself1 but tenaciously adheres to affirmed opinions and purposes1 yet is less firm than he seems to be2 with large ,conscientiousness and ,combativeness1 is doubly decided wherever right or justice are concerned1 and in such cases will never give one inch1 but will stand out in argument1 effort1 or as a juryman till the last3 p4 #aai4 ,,very ,,large4--,is well-nigh obstinate1 stubborn1 and with large ,combativeness and ,self-,esteem1 is unchangeable as the laws of the ,medes and ,persians1 and can neither be persuaded nor driven2 with large activity1 power1 brain1 and intellectual organs1 is well calculated to carry forward some great work which requires the utmost determination and energy2 with large ,causality1 can possibly be turned by potent reasons1 yet by nothing else3 p4 #abj4 ,,full4--,like ,firmness large1 shows a great degree of decision1 when this faculty works with large organs1 but not otherwise2 with ,combativeness and ,conscientiousness large1 shows great ,fixedness where right and truth are concerned1 yet with ,acquisitiveness moderate1 lacks perseverance in money matters2 with moderate ,combativeness and ,self-,esteem1 is easily turned2 and with large ,adhesiveness and ,benevolence1 too easily persuaded1 even against its better judgment2 with ,cautiousness and ,approbativeness large1 or very large1 often evinces fickleness1 irresolution1 and procrastination2 and with an uneven head1 and an excitable temperament1 often appears deficient in this faculty3 p4 #aca4 ,,average4--,when supported by large ,combativeness1 or ,conscientiousness1 or ,causality1 or ,acquisitiveness1 etc41 shows a good degree of this faculty2 but when opposed by large ,cautiousness1 ,approbativeness1 or ,adhesiveness1 evinces its deficiency1 and has not enough of this faculty for great undertakings3 p4 #aai4 ,,moderate4--,rather lacks perseverance1 even when his larger faculties support it1 and when they do not1 evinces fickleness1 irresolution1 indecision1 and lacks perseverance2 with ,adhesiveness large1 is too easily persuaded and influenced by friends2 with large ,cautiousness and ,approbativeness and moderate or small ,self-,esteem1 is flexible and fickle1 and goes with the current3 p4 #acb4 ,,small4--,with activity great1 and the head uneven1 is fitful1 impulsive1 and1 like the weather-vane1 shifts with every changing breeze1 and is ruled by the other faculties2 and as unstable as water3 p4 #abb4 ,,very ,,small4--,is changed by the slightest motives2 is a perfect creature of circumstances1 and accomplishes nothing requiring perseverance3 p4 #abb4 ,,moral ,,faculties4 ,these render man a moral1 accountable1 and religious being1 humanize1 adorn1 and elevate his nature2 connect him with the moral nature of things2 create his higher and nobler sentiments2 beget aspirations after goodness1 virtue1 purity1 and moral principle1 and ally him to angels and to ,god4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ga4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #gb4 ,,small4 ,,large4--,create a high regard for things sacred and religious2 give an elevated1 moral1 and aspiring cast of feelings and conduct2 create right intentions1 and a desire to become good1 holy1 and moral in feeling and conduct2 and1 with weak animal feelings1 is a rose in the shade4 ,,very ,,large4--,give a most exalted sense and feeling of the moral and religious1 with a high order of practical goodness1 and the strongest aspirations for a higher and holier state1 both in this life and that which is to come4 ,,full4--,has a good moral and religious tone1 and general correctness of motive1 so as to render feelings and conduct about right2 but with strong propensities and only average intellectual faculties1 is sometimes led into errors of belief and practise2 means right1 yet sometimes does wrong1 and should cultivate these faculties1 and restrain the propensities4 ,,average4--,surrounded by good influences1 will be tolerably moral and religious in feeling1 yet not sufficiently so to withstand large propensities2 with disordered nerves1 is quite liable to say and do wrong things1 yet afterward repents1 and requires much moral cultivation4 ,,moderate4--,has a rather weak moral tone2 feels but little regard for things sacred and religious2 is easily led into temptation2 feels but little moral restraint2 and1 with large propensities1 especially if circumstances favor their excitement1 is exceedingly liable to say and do what is wrong4 ,,small4--,has weak moral feeling2 lacks moral character2 and1 with large propensities1 is liable to be depraved1 and a bad member of society4 ,,very ,,small4--,feels little1 and shows no moral tone4 #ae4 ,,conscientiousness4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #gc4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #gd4 ,,small4 ,,moral ,,principle2 ,,integrity2 ,,perception and love of right2 innate sense of ,,accountability and obligation2 love of ,,justice and truth2 regard for ,,duty2 desire for moral ,,purity and excellence2 disposition to fulfill ,,promises1 agreements1 etc42 the internal ,,monitor which approves the right and condemns the wrong2 sense of ,,guilt2 ,,contrition2 desire to ,,reform2 ,,penitence2 ,,forgiveness4 ,adapted to the rightness of right1 and the wrongness of wrong1 and to the moral nature and constitution of things4 ,perverted1 it makes one do wrong from conscientious scruples1 and torments with undue self-condemnation4 ,,large4--,loves the right as right1 and hates the wrong because wrong2 is honest1 faithful1 upright in motive2 means well2 consults duty before expediency2 feels guilty when conscious of having done wrong2 desires forgiveness for the past1 and to do better in future2 with strong propensities1 will sometimes do wrong1 and then be exceedingly sorry therefor2 and1 with a wrong education added1 is liable to do wrong1 thinking it to be right1 because these propensities warp conscience1 yet means right2 with large ,cautiousness1 is solicitous to know what is right1 and careful to do it2 with weaker ,cautiousness1 sometimes does wrong carelessly or indifferently1 yet afterward repents it2 with large ,cautiousness and ,destructiveness1 is severe on wrong doers1 and unrelenting until they evince penitence1 and then cordially forgives2 with large ,approbativeness1 keeps the moral character pure and spotless--values others on their morals more than wealth1 birth1 etc41 and makes his word his bond2 with large ,benevolence1 ,combativeness1 and ,destructiveness1 feels great indignation and severity against oppressors1 and those who cause others sufferings by wronging them2 with large ,ideality1 has strong aspirations after moral purity and excellence2 with large reasoning faculties1 takes great pleasure1 and shows much talent in reasoning upon1 and investigating moral subjects1 etc43 p4 #abf4 ,,very ,,large4--,places moral excellence at the head of all excellence2 is governed by the highest order of moral principle2 would on no account knowingly do wrong2 is scrupulously exact in all matters of right2 perfectly honest in motive2 always condemning self and repenting2 makes duty every thing2 very forgiving of those who evince penitence1 but inexorable without2 with ,combativeness large1 evinces the utmost indignation at the wrong1 and drives the right with great force2 is censorious1 and makes but little allowance for the faults and follies of mankind1 and shows extraordinary moral courage and fortitude2 with small ,secretiveness and an active temperament1 is liable to denounce evil doers2 with large ,friendship1 cannot tolerate the least thing wrong in friends1 and is liable to reprove them2 with large ,philoprogenitiveness1 exacts too much from children1 and with large ,combativeness1 is too liable to blame them2 with large ,cautiousness1 is often afraid to do lest it should do wrong2 with large ,veneration1 reasoning faculties1 and ,language1 is a natural theologian1 and takes the highest pleasure in reasoning and conversing upon all things having a moral and religious bearing2 with ,veneration average1 and ,benevolence large or very large1 cannot well help being a thorough-going reformer1 etc43 p4 #abi4 ,,full4--,has good conscientious feelings1 and correct general intentions1 yet is not quite as correct in action as intentions2 means well1 yet with large ,combativeness1 ,destructiveness1 ,amativeness1 etc41 may sometimes yield to these faculties1 especially if the system is somewhat inflamed2 with large ,acquisitiveness1 makes very close bargains1 and will take such advantages as are common in business1 yet does not intend to wrong others out of their just dues1 still1 has more regard for money than justice2 with large intellectual organs1 loves to reason upon subjects where right and duty are involved1 yet too often takes the ground of expediency1 and fails to allow right its due weight2 and should never allow conscience to be in any way weakened1 but should cultivate it assiduously3 p4 #acj4 ,,average4--,when not tempted by stronger faculties does what is about right2 generally justifies itself1 and does not feel particularly indignant at the wrong1 or commendatory of the right2 with large ,approbativeness and ,self-,esteem1 may do an honorable thing1 yet where honor and right clash1 will choose the former2 with only average ,combativeness and ,destructiveness1 allows many things that are wrong to pass unrebuked1 or even unresented1 and shows no great moral indignation or force2 with moderate or small ,secretiveness and ,acquisitiveness1 and large ,approbativeness1 ,benevolence1 and ,ideality1 will do as nearly right1 and commit as few errors as those with ,secretiveness1 ,acquisitiveness and ,conscientiousness all large1 and may be trusted1 especially on honor1 yet will rarely feel guilty1 and should never be blamed1 because ,approbativeness will be mortified before conscience is convicted2 with large propensities1 especially ,secretiveness and ,acquisitiveness1 and only full ,benevolence1 is selfish2 should be dealt with cautiously1 and thoroughly bound in writing1 because liable to be slippery1 tricky1 etc42 and should cultivate this faculty by never allowing the propensities to overcome it1 and by always considering things in the moral aspect3 p4 #abd4 ,,moderate4--,has some regard for duty in feeling1 but less in practice2 justifies self2 is not very penitent or forgiving2 even temporizes with principle1 and sometimes lets interest rule duty4 ,the combinations under average apply still more forcibly here3 p4 #aca4 ,,small4--,has few conscientious scruples2 has little penitence1 gratitude1 or regard for moral principle1 justice1 duty1 etc42 and is governed mainly by his larger faculties2 with large propensities and only average ,veneration and ,spirituality1 evinces a marked deficiency of moral principle2 with moderate ,secretiveness and ,acquisitiveness1 and only full ,destructiveness and ,combativeness1 and large ,adhesiveness1 ,approbativeness1 ,benevolence1 ,ideality1 and intellect1 and a fine temperament1 may live a tolerably blameless life1 yet1 on close scrutiny1 will lack the moral in feeling1 but may be safely trusted because true to promises2 that is1 conscience having less to contend with1 its deficiency is less observable4 ,such should most earnestly cultivate this faculty3 p4 #acb4 ,,very ,,small4--,is almost wholly destitute of moral feeling1 and wholly controlled by the other faculties3 p4 #acc4 #af4 ,,hope4 ,,expectation2 ,,anticipation of future success and happiness4 ,adapted to man's relations with the future4 ,perverted1 it becomes visionary and castle-building4 ,,large4--,expects much from the future2 contemplates with pleasure the bright features of life's picture2 never desponds2 overrates prospective good1 and underrates and overlooks obstacles and evils2 calculates on more than the nature of the case will warrant2 expects1 and hence attempts a great deal1 and is therefore always full of business2 is sanguine1 and rises above present trouble by hoping for better in future1 and though disappointed1 hopes on still2 builds some air castles1 and lives in the future more than in the present2 with large ,combativeness1 ,firmness1 and ,causality1 is enterprising1 never gives up the ship1 but struggles manfully through difficulties2 and with large ,approbativeness1 and full ,self-,esteem added1 feels adequate to difficulties1 and grapples with them spiritedly2 with large ,self-,esteem1 thinks that every thing it attempts must succeed1 and with large ,causality added1 considers its plans well-nigh perfect2 with large ,acquisitiveness lays out money freely in view of future gain2 with large ,approbativeness and ,self-,esteem1 hopes for renown1 honor1 etc42 with large ,veneration and ,spirituality1 hopes to attain exalted moral excellence1 and should check it by acting on only half it promises1 and reasoning against it3 p4 #acg4 ,,very ,,large4--,has unbounded expectations2 builds a world of castles in the air2 lives in the future2 enjoys things in anticipation more than in possession2 with small ,continuity1 has too many irons in the fire2 with an active temperament added1 takes on more business than it can work off properly2 is too much hurried to do things in season2 with large ,acquisitiveness1 is grasping1 counts chickens before they are hatched1 and often two to the egg at that2 with only average ,cautiousness1 is always in hot water2 never stops to enjoy what it possesses1 but grasps after more1 and will never accomplish much because it undertakes too much1 and in taking one step forward slips two steps back3 p4 #ach4 ,,full4--,expects considerable1 yet realizes more2 undertakes no more than it can accomplish2 is quite sanguine and enterprising1 yet with ,cautiousness large1 is always on the safe side2 with large ,acquisitiveness added1 invests money freely1 yet always safely1 makes good bargains1 if any1 and counts all the cost1 yet is not afraid of expenses where it knows they will more than pay2 with larger animal faculties than moral1 will hope more for this world's goods than for another1 and with larger moral than animal1 for another state of being than this1 etc43 p4 #aci4 ,,average4--,expects and attempts too little1 rather than too much2 with large ,cautiousness1 dwells more on difficulties than encouragements2 is contented with the present rather than lays out for the future2 with large ,acquisitiveness added1 invests his money very safely1 if at all1 and prefers to put it out securely on interest rather than risk it in business1 except in a perfectly sure business2 will make money slowly1 yet lose little1 and with large intellectual organs1 in the long run may acquire considerable wealth3 p4 #acf4 ,,moderate4--,with large ,cautiousness1 makes few promises2 but with large ,conscientiousness1 scrupulously fulfills them1 because it promises only what it knows can be performed2 with small ,self-,esteem1 and large ,veneration1 ,conscientiousness1 and ,cautiousness1 if a professed ,christian1 will have many fears as to his future salvation2 with only average propensities1 will lack energy1 enterprise1 and fortitude2 with large ,firmness and ,cautiousness1 is very slow to embark1 yet once committed1 rarely backs out2 with large reasoning faculties1 may be sure of success1 because it sees why and how it is to be brought about2 with large ,acquisitiveness1 will hold on to what money it gets1 or at least spend very cautiously1 and only where it is sure to be returned with interest2 should cheer up1 never despond1 count favorable but not unfavorable chances1 keep up a lively1 buoyant state of mind1 and hope on1 hope ever3 p4 #aci4 ,,small4--,expects and undertakes very little2 with large ,cautiousness1 puts off till it is too late2 is always behind2 may embark in projects after every body else has succeeded1 but will then be too late1 and in general knocks at the door just after it has been bolted2 with large ,cautiousness1 is forever in doubt2 with large ,approbativeness and ,cautiousness1 though most desirous of praise1 has little hopes of obtaining it1 and therefore is exceedingly backward in society1 yet fears ridicule rather than hopes for praise2 is easily discouraged2 sees lions in the way2 lacks enterprise2 magnifies obstacles1 etc43 p4 #adj4 ,,very ,,small4--,expects next to nothing1 and undertakes little3 p4 #adj4 #ag4 ,,spirituality4 ,,faith2 ,,prescience2 the ,,light ,,within2 ,,trust ,,in ,,divine ,,guiding2 perception and feeling of the ,,spiritual2 interior perception of ,,truth1 what is ,,best1 what is about to transpire1 etc4 ,adapted to a spiritual state of mind and feeling4 ,perversion--superstition2 witchcraft2 and with ,cautiousness large1 fear of ghosts4 ,,large4--,perceives and knows things independent of the senses or intellect1 or as it were by spiritual intuition2 experiences an internal consciousness of what is best1 and that spiritual communion with ,god which constitutes the essence of true piety2 loves to meditate2 bestows a species of waking clairvoyance1 and is as it were forewarned of ,god2 combined with large ,veneration1 holds intimate communion with the ,deity1 for whom it experiences profound adoration2 and takes a world of pleasure in that calm1 happy1 half-ecstatic state of mind caused by this faculty2 with large ,causality1 perceives truth by intuition1 which philosophical tests prove to be correct2 with large ,comparison added1 has a deep and clear insight into spiritual subjects1 and embodies a vast amount of the highest order of truth2 with vigorous propensities1 gives them a sanctified cast and spiritual direction2 and clearly perceives1 and fully realizes1 a spiritual state of being after death3 p4 #adb4 ,,very ,,large4--,experiences the same functions as large1 only in a higher degree2 unless well regulated by reason1 is liable to fanciful credulity1 fanaticism1 and superstition1 and to a thousand whims1 visions1 dreams1 etc43 p4 #adc4 ,,full4--,has a full share of high1 pure1 and spiritual feeling2 has many premonitions1 or interior warnings and guidings1 which1 implicitly followed1 would conduct to success and happiness through life2 and has an inner test or touchstone of truth1 right1 etc41 in a kind of inner consciousness which is independent of reason1 yet1 unperverted1 in harmony with it2 is quite spiritual-minded1 and as it were led by the spirit4 ,for combinations1 see large3 p4 #adc4 ,,average4--,has some spiritual premonitions and guidings1 yet they are not always sufficiently distinct to secure their being followed2 but1 when followed1 they lead correctly2 sees this light within1 and feels what is true and best1 with tolerable distinctness1 and should cultivate this faculty by following its light3 p4 #ada4 ,,moderate4--,has some1 but not very distinct perception of spiritual things2 rather lacks faith2 believes mainly from evidence and little from intuition2 with large ,causality1 says ,prove it1 and takes no man's say-so unless he gives good reasons3 p4 #add4 ,,small4--,perceives spiritual truths so indistinctly as rarely to admit them2 is not guided by faith1 because so weak2 like disbelieving ,thomas1 must see the fullest ,,proof before it believes2 has very little credulity1 and doubts things of a superhuman origin or nature2 has no premonitions1 and disbelieves in them3 p4 #ade4 ,,very ,,small4--,has no spiritual guidings or superstitions3 p4 #adf4 #ah4 ,,veneration4 ,,devotion2 ,,adoration of a ,supreme ,being2 reverence for religion and things sacred2 disposition to ,,pray1 ,,worship1 and observe religious rites4 ,adapted to the existence of a ,god1 and the pleasures and benefits experienced by man in worshiping him4 ,perverted1 it produces idolatry1 bigotry1 religious intolerance1 etc4 ,,large4--,experiences an awe of ,god and things sacred2 loves to adore the ,supreme ,being1 especially in his works2 feels true devotion1 fervent piety1 and love of divine things2 takes great delight in religious exercises2 has much respect for superiority2 regards ,god as the centre of hopes1 fears1 and aspirations2 with large ,hope and ,spirituality1 worships him as a spirit1 and hopes to be with and like him2 with large ,ideality1 contemplates his works with rapture and ecstacy2 with large ,sublimity1 adores him as infinite in every thing2 with large reasoning organs1 has clear1 and1 if the faculties are unperverted1 correct ideas of the ,divine character and government1 and delights to reason thereon2 with large ,philoprogenitiveness1 adores him as a friend and father2 and with large ,benevolence1 for his infinite goodness1 etc42 with large ,causality added1 as securing the happiness of sentient beings by a wise institution of law1 and as the great first ,,cause of all things2 with large and perverted ,cautiousness1 mingles fear and dread with worship2 with large ,constructiveness and ,causality1 admires the system of his architectural plans1 contrivances1 etc43 p4 #adh4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ge4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #gf4 ,,small4 ,,very ,,large4--,experiences these feelings in a still higher degree2 places ,god as supreme upon the throne of the soul1 and makes his worship a central verge2 manifests extreme fervor1 anxiety1 and delight in divine worship1 and is pre-eminently fervent in prayer2 with moderate ,self-,esteem1 and large ,conscientiousness and ,cautiousness1 and a disordered temperament1 experiences the utmost unworthiness and guiltiness in his sight1 and is crushed by a sense of guilt and vileness1 especially before ,god1 yet should never cherish these feelings2 is always dreading the wrath of ,heaven1 no matter whether the actions are good or ill2 and should cultivate religious cheerfulness and hope of future happiness4 ,for additional combinations1 see large3 p4 #adi4 ,,full4--,experiences a good degree of religious worship1 whenever circumstances excite this faculty1 yet allows the larger faculties frequently to divert it1 and prays at least internally2 with large or very large ,conscience or ,benevolence1 will place his religion in doing right and doing good1 more than in religious observances2 will esteem duties higher than ceremonies2 with large propensities1 may be devout upon the ,sabbath1 yet will be worldly through the week1 and experience some conflict between his religious and his worldly aspirations3 p4 #adi4 ,,average4--,will adore the ,deity1 yet often makes religion subservient to the larger faculties2 with large ,adhesiveness1 ,benevolence1 and ,conscience1 may love religious meetings because it meets friends1 and prays for the good of mankind1 or because duty requires their attendance2 yet is not habitually and innately devotional1 except when this faculty is excited3 p4 #adg4 ,,moderate4--,will not be particularly devout or worshipful2 with large ,benevolence and ,conscientiousness1 if religiously educated1 may be religious1 yet will place religion more in works than faith1 in duty than in prayer1 and be more moral than pious2 in his prayers will supplicate blessings upon mankind2 and with ,conscientiousness large1 will confess sin more than express an awe of ,god2 with large reflectives1 can worship no further than it sees a reason2 with moderate ,spirituality and ,conscientiousness1 cares little for religion as such1 but with large ,benevolence1 places religion mainly in doing good1 etc42 and is by no means conservative in religion1 but takes liberal views of religious subjects2 and is religious only when this faculty is considerably excited3 p4 #aej4 ,,small4--,experiences little devotion or respect1 and is deficient in fervor2 cares little for religious observances1 and is not easily impressed with the worshiping sentiment3 p4 #aej4 ,,very ,,small4--,is almost destitute in feeling and practice of this sentiment4 #ai4 ,,benevolence4 ,,kindness2 ,,humanity2 desire to make ,,others happy2 a ,,self-,,sacrificing disposition2 ,,philanthropy2 ,,generosity2 the ,,accomodating1 ,,neighborly spirit4 ,adapted to man's capability of making his fellow-men happy4 ,perversion--misplaced sympathies4 ,,large4--,delights to do good2 makes personal sacrifices to make others happy2 cannot witness pain or distress1 and does what it well can to relieve them2 manifests a perpetual flow of disinterested goodness2 with large ,adhesiveness1 ,ideality1 and ,approbativeness1 and only average propensities and ,self-,esteem1 is remarkable for practical goodness2 lives more for others than self2 with large domestic organs1 makes great sacrifices for family2 with large reflectives1 is perpetually reasoning on the evils of society1 the way to obviate them1 and to render mankind happy2 with large ,adhesiveness is hospitable2 with moderate ,destructiveness cannot witness pain or death1 and disapproves of capital punishment2 with moderate ,acquisitiveness1 gives freely to the needy1 and never exacts dues from the poor2 with large ,acquisitiveness1 helps others to help themselves rather than gives money2 with large ,combativeness1 ,destructiveness1 ,self-,esteem1 and ,firmness1 at times evinces harshness1 yet is generally kindly disposed3 p4 #aee4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #gg4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #gh4 ,,small4 ,,very ,,large4--,is deeply and thoroughly embued with a benevolent spirit2 with large ,adhesiveness and moderate ,acquisitiveness1 is too ready to help friends2 and with large ,hope added1 especially inclined to endorse for them1 which he should forswear not to do2 with large ,acquisitiveness1 bestows time more freely than money1 yet will also give the latter2 but with only average or full ,acquisitiveness freely bestows both substance and personal aid2 with large ,veneration and only full ,acquisitiveness1 gives freely to religious objects2 with large ,combativeness and ,destructiveness1 is more severe in word than deed1 and threatens more than executes2 with larger moral than animal organs1 literally overflows with sympathy and practical goodness1 and reluctantly causes others trouble2 with large reasoning organs1 is a true philanthropist1 and takes broad views of reformatory measures2 with large ,adhesiveness and ,philoprogenitiveness is pre-eminently qualified for nursing2 with large ,causality1 is an excellent adviser of friends1 etc41 and should not let sympathy overrule judgment4 ,see ,benevolence large for additional combinations3 p4 #aeg4 ,,full4--,shows a good degree of kind1 neighborly1 and humane feeling1 except when the selfish faculties overrule it1 yet is not remarkable for disinterestedness2 with large ,adhesiveness1 manifests kindness toward friends2 and with large ,combativeness and ,destructiveness1 is unrelenting toward enemies2 with large ,acquisitiveness1 is benevolent when it can make money thereby2 with large ,conscientiousness1 is more just than kind1 and with large ,combativeness and ,destructiveness1 is unrelenting toward the offending3 p4 #aeh4 ,,average4--,manifests kindness only in conjunction with ,adhesiveness and other large faculties2 and with only full ,adhesiveness1 if kind is so for selfish purposes2 with large ,acquisitiveness1 gives little or nothing1 yet may sometimes do favors2 with large ,veneration1 is more devout than humane2 and with only full reasoning organs1 is no philanthropist or reformer3 p4 #aec4 ,,moderate4--,allows the selfish faculties to infringe upon the happiness of others2 with large ,combativeness1 ,destructiveness1 ,self-,esteem1 and ,firmness1 is comparatively hardened to suffering2 and with ,acquisitiveness and ,secretiveness added1 evinces almost unmitigated selfishness4 ,,small4--,cares little for the happiness of man or brute1 and does still less to promote them2 makes no disinterested self-sacrifices2 is callous to human woe2 does few acts of kindness1 and those grudgingly1 and has unbounded selfishness3 p4 #aei4 ,,very ,,small4--,feels little and evinces none of this sentiment1 but is as selfish as the other faculties will allow him to be3 p4 #aei4 #bj4 ,,constructiveness4 ,the ,,making instinct2 the ,,tool-using talent2 ,,sleight of hand in constructing things4 ,adapted to man's need of things made1 such as houses1 clothes1 and manufacturing articles of all kinds4 ,perverted1 it wastes time and money on perpetual motion1 and other like futile inventions4 ,,large4--,loves to make2 is able to1 and disposed to tinker1 mend1 and fix up1 build1 manufacture1 employ machinery1 etc42 shows mechanical skill and dexterity in whatever is done with the hands2 with large ,causality and perceptives1 is given to inventing2 and with large ,imitation added1 can make from a pattern1 and both copy the improvements of others1 and supply defects by its own inventions1 as well as improve on the mechanical contrivances of others2 with the mental temperament1 and large intellectual organs and ,ideality1 employs ingenuity in constructing sentences and arranging words1 and forming essays1 sentiments1 books1 etc43 p4 #afa4 ,,very ,,large4--,shows extraordinary ingenuity1 and a perfect passion for making every thing2 with large ,imitation1 ,form1 ,size1 and ,locality1 has first-rate talents as an artist1 and for drawing1 engraving1 etc42 and with ,color added1 is an excellent limner2 with ,ideality1 adds niceness to skill2 with large ,causality1 adds invention to execution1 etc43 p4 #afb4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #gi4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #hj4 ,,small4 ,,full4--,can1 when occasion requires1 employ tools and use the hands in making1 tinkering1 and fixing up1 and turn off work with skill1 yet has no great natural passion or ability therein2 with practice1 can be a good workman2 without it1 would not excel3 p4 #afc4 ,,average4--,like full1 only less gifted in this respect3 p4 #afj4 ,,moderate4--,is rather awkward in the use of tools1 and in manual operations of every kind2 with large ,causality and perceptives1 shows more talent in inventing than executing1 yet no great in either2 with the mental temperament1 evinces some mental construction1 yet no great physical ingenuity3 p4 #afc4 ,,small4--,is deficient in the tool-using capability2 awkward in making and fixing up things2 poor in understanding and managing machinery2 takes hold of work awkwardly and wrong end first2 writes poorly1 and lacks both mental and physical construction3 p4 #afc4 ,,very ,,small4--,can make nothing1 except in the most awkward manner3 p4 #afh4 #ba4 ,,ideality4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ha4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #hb4 ,,small4 ,perception and admiration of the ,,beautiful and perfect2 good ,,taste and refinement2 ,,purity of feeling2 sense of ,,propriety1 ,,elegance1 and ,,gentility2 ,,polish and ,,imagination4 ,adapted to the beautiful in nature and art4 ,perverted1 it gives fastidiousness and extra niceness4 ,,large4--,appreciates and enjoys beauty and perfection wherever found1 especially in nature2 is graced by purity and propriety of expression and conduct2 by gracefulness and polish of manners1 and general good taste2 is pure-minded2 enjoys the ideal of poetry1 elegance1 and romance2 longs after perfection of character1 and desires to obviate blemishes1 and with ,conscientiousness large1 moral imperfections2 with large social organs1 evinces a nice sense of propriety in friendly intercourse2 with large ,alimentiveness1 eats in a becoming and genteel manner2 with large moral organs1 appreciates most highly perfection of character1 or moral beauties and excellences2 with large reflectives1 adds a high order of sense and strength of mind to beauty and perfection of character2 with large perceptives1 is gifted with a talent for the study of nature1 etc43 p4 #aff4 ,,very ,,large4--,has a rich and glowing imagination and a very high order of taste and love of perfection2 is disgusted with whatever is gross1 vulgar or out of taste2 with only average ,causality1 has more outside polish than solidity of mind2 and more exquisiteness than sense3 p4 #afg4 ,,full4--,evinces a good share of taste and refinement1 yet not a high order of them1 except in those things in which it has been vigorously cultivated2 with large ,language1 ,eventuality1 and ,comparison may compose with elegance1 and speak with much natural eloquence1 yet will have more force of thought than beauty of diction2 with large ,constructiveness1 will use tools with considerable taste1 yet more skill2 with large ,combativeness and ,destructiveness1 shows general refinement1 except when provoked1 and is then grating and harsh2 with large moral organs evinces more moral beauty and harmony than personal neatness2 with large intellectual organs1 possesses more beauty of mind than regard for looks and outside appearances1 and prefers the sensible to the elegant and nice1 etc43 p4 #afh4 ,,average4--,prefers the plain and substantial to the ornamental1 and is a utilitarian2 with large intellectual organs1 prefers sound1 solid matter to the ornament of style1 and appreciates logic more than eloquence2 with ,benevolence and ,adhesiveness large1 is hospitable1 and evinces true cordiality1 yet cares nothing for ceremony2 with ,approbativeness large1 may try to be polite1 but makes an awkward attempt1 and is rather deficient in taste and elegance2 with ,constructiveness large1 makes things that are solid and serviceable1 but does not polish them off2 with ,language large1 talks directly to the purpose1 without paying much attention to the mode of expression1 etc43 p4 #afj4 ,,moderate4--,rather lacks taste in manners and expression2 has but little of the sentimental or finished2 should cultivate harmony and perfection of character1 and endeavor to polish up2 with large propensities1 evinces them in rather a coarser and grosser manner1 and is more liable to their perverted action than when this faculty is large1 and is homespun in every thing3 p4 #afc4 ,,small4--,shows a marked deficiency in whatever appertains to taste and style1 also to beauty and sentiment3 p4 #afc4 ,,very ,,small4--,is almost deficient in taste1 and evinces none3 p4 #afd4 ,b4 ,,sublimity4 ,perception and appreciation of the ,,vast1 ,,illimitable1 ,,endless1 ,,omnipotent1 and ,,infinite4 ,adapted to that infinitude which characterizes every department of nature4 ,perverted1 it leads to bombast1 and a wrong use of extravagant ideas4 ,,large4--,appreciates and admires the grand1 sublime1 vast1 magnificent1 and splendid in nature and art2 admires and enjoys exceedingly mountain scenery1 thunder1 lightning1 tempests1 vast prospects1 and all that is awful and magnificent1 also the foaming1 dashing cataract1 a storm at sea2 the lightning's vivid flash1 and its accompanying thunder2 the commotion of the elements1 and the star-spangled canopy of heaven1 and all manifestations of omnipotence and infinitude2 with large ,veneration1 is particularly delighted by the infinite as appertaining to the ,deity1 and his attributes and works2 and with large ,time added1 has unspeakably grand conceptions of infinitude as applicable to devotion1 past and future1 and to the character and works of the ,deity2 with large intellectual organs1 takes a comprehensive view of subjects1 and gives illimitable scope to his investigations and conceptions1 so that they will bear being carried out to any extent2 and with ,ideality large1 adds the beautiful and perfect to the sublime and infinite4 ,,very ,,large4--,has a passion for the wild1 romantic1 and infinite4 ,see large4 ,,full4--,enjoys grandeur1 sublimity1 and infinitude quite well1 and imparts considerable of this element to his thoughts1 emotions1 and expressions2 evinces the same qualities as large1 only in a less degree4 ,,average4--,possesses considerable of this element1 when it is powerfully excited1 yet under ordinary circumstances1 only an ordinary share of it4 ,,moderate4--,is rather deficient in the conception and appreciation of the inimitable and infinite2 and with ,veneration moderate1 fails to appreciate this element in nature and her ,author4 ,,small4--,shows a marked deficiency in this respect1 and should earnestly cultivate it4 ,,very ,,small4--,is almost destitute of these emotions and conceptions4 #bb4 ,,imitation4 ,ability and disposition to ,,copy1 ,,take ,,pattern1 and ,,imitate4 ,adapted to man's requisition for doing1 talking1 acting1 etc41 like others4 ,perverted1 it copies even their faults4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #hc4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #hd4 ,,small4 ,,large4--,has a great propensity and ability to copy and take pattern from others2 do what is seen done2 describes and acts out well2 with large ,language1 gesticulates much2 with large perceptives1 requires to be shown but once2 with large ,constructiveness easily learns to use tools1 and to make things as others make them2 and with small ,continuity added1 is a jack-at-all-trades1 and thorough in none2 begins many things1 but fails to finish2 with large ,causality1 perceptives1 and an active temperament added1 may make inventions or improvements1 but never completes one till it makes another1 or is always adding to them2 with large ,approbativeness1 copies after renowned men2 with large ,adhesiveness1 it takes pattern from friends2 with large ,language1 imitates the style and mode of expression of others2 with large ,mirthfulness and full ,secretiveness1 creates laughter by taking off the oddities of people2 with large ,form1 ,size1 and ,constructiveness1 copies shape and proportions2 with large ,color1 imitates colors1 and thus of all the other faculties3 p4 #agj4 ,,very ,,large4--,can mimic1 act out1 and pattern after almost any thing2 with large ,mirthfulness1 relates anecdotes to the very life2 has a theatrical taste and talent2 gesticulates almost constantly while speaking2 and1 with large ,language1 imparts an uncommon amount of ,,expression to countenance1 and every thing said2 with large ,individuality1 ,eventuality1 ,language1 ,comparison1 and ,ideality1 can make a splendid speaker2 and with large ,mirthfulness1 and full ,secretiveness added1 can keep others in a roar of laughter1 yet remain serious2 with an uneven head1 is droll and humorous in the extreme2 with large ,approbativeness1 delights in being the sport-maker at parties1 etc41 and excels therein2 with large ,constructiveness1 ,form1 ,size1 ,locality1 and ,comparison1 full ,color1 and a good temperament1 and a full-sized brain1 can make a very superior artist of almost any kind2 but with ,color small1 can engrave1 draw1 carve1 model1 etc41 better than paint3 p4 #aga4 ,,full4--,copies quite well1 yet not remarkably so2 with large ,causality1 would rather invent a new way of doing things than copy the ordinary mode1 and evinces considerable imitating talent when this faculty works in conjunction with large organs1 but little otherwise3 p4 #aga4 ,,average4--,can copy tolerably well when this faculty is strongly excited1 yet is not a mimic1 nor a natural copyist2 with only full ,constructiveness1 evinces little manual dexterity2 yet with large ,causality1 can originate quite well1 and evinces no great disposition or ability to copy either the excellences or deficiencies of others1 but prefers to be original3 p4 #afi4 ,,moderate4--,has little inclination to do what1 and as1 others do2 but with large ,causality1 prefers to strike out a new course1 and invent a plan of its own2 with large ,self-,esteem added1 has an excellent conceit of that plan2 but if ,causality is only fair1 is full of original device1 yet they do not amount to any great things3 p4 #aga4 ,,small4--,copies even commonplace matter with extraordinary difficulty and reluctance2 is original1 and generally does every thing in its own way3 p4 #agb4 ,,very ,,small4--,possesses scarcely any1 and manifests no disposition or ability to copy any thing1 not even enough to learn to talk well3 p4 #agb4 #bc4 ,,mirthfulness4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #he4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #hf4 ,,small4 ,intuitive perception of the absurd and ridiculous2 disposition and ability to joke and make fun1 and laugh at what is improper1 ill-timed1 or unbecoming2 pleasantness2 facetiousness4 ,adapted to the absurd1 inconsistent1 and laughable4 ,perverted1 it makes fun on solemn occasions1 and where there is nothing ridiculous at which to laugh4 ,,large4--,enjoys a hearty laugh at the expressions and absurdities of others exceedingly1 and delights to make fun out of every thing not exactly proper or in good taste1 and is always ready to give as good a joke as it gets2 with large ,amativeness1 loves to joke with and about the other sex1 and with large ,imitation and ,language added1 to talk with and tell stories to and about them2 with large ,combativeness and ,ideality added1 makes fun of their imperfections in dress1 expression1 manners1 etc41 and hits them off to admiration2 with large ,adhesiveness1 ,language1 and ,imitation is excellent company2 with large ,causality1 ,comparison1 and ,combativeness1 argues mainly by ridicule or by showing up the absurdity of the opposite side1 and excels most in exposing the fallacy of other systems than in propounding its own2 with large ,ideality1 shows taste and propriety in its witticisms1 and with this faculty average or less1 is often gross1 and with large ,amativeness added1 vulgar in jokes2 with large ,combativeness and ,destructiveness1 makes many enemies2 and with large ,comparison added1 compares those disliked to something mean1 disgusting1 and ridiculous3 p4 #agc4 ,,very ,,large4--,shows an extraordinary disposition and capability to make fun2 is always laughing and making others laugh2 with large ,language1 ,comparison1 ,imitation1 ,perceptives1 and ,adhesiveness1 with moderate ,self-,esteem and ,secretiveness1 is the fiddle of the company2 with only average ,ideality added1 is clownish1 and often says undignified and perhaps low things to raise a laugh1 and with only moderate ,causality1 things that lack sense1 etc43 p4 #age4 ,,full4--,possesses and evinces considerable of the fun-making disposition1 especially in the direction of the larger organs2 with large or very large ,comparison1 ,imitation1 and ,approbativeness1 and moderate ,self-,esteem1 manifests more of the laughable and witty than is really possessed2 may make much fun and be called a wit2 yet it will be owing more to what may be called drollery than pure wit2 with moderate ,secretiveness and ,self-,esteem1 and an excitable temperament1 lets fly witty conceptions on the spur of the moment1 and thus increases their laughableness by their being well timed1 sudden1 etc43 p4 #age4 ,,average4--,is generally serious and sedate1 except when this faculty is excited1 yet then often laughs heartily1 and evinces considerable wit2 with large ,individuality and ,language1 often says many laughable things1 yet they owe their wit more to argument or the criticism they embody1 than to this faculty3 p4 #agb4 ,,moderate4--,is generally serious1 sedate1 and sober1 and with large ,self-,esteem1 stern and dignified1 nor companionable except when ,adhesiveness is large1 and in company with intimate friends2 with only average ,ideality and ,imitation1 is very poor in joking1 has to expand witticisms1 and thereby spoils them2 has some witty ideas1 yet lacks in perceiving and expressing them2 fails to please others in witticisms1 and with large ,approbativeness and ,combativeness1 is liable to become angry when joked1 and should cultivate this faculty by laughing and joking more3 p4 #agf4 ,,small4--,makes little fun2 is slow to perceive1 and still slower to turn jokes2 seldom laughs1 and thinks it foolish or wrong to do so2 with only average ,adhesiveness1 is uncompanionable2 with large reflectives and ,language1 may do well in newspaper diction1 yet not in debate3 p4 #agg ,,very ,,small4--,has few1 if any1 witty ideas and conceptions3 p4 #agg4 ,,intellectual ,,faculties4 ,,knowing1 ,,remembering1 and ,,reasoning powers2 general ,,intellectual ,,capability and desire4 ,adapted to the physical and metaphysical4 ,perverted1 they apply their respective power to accomplish wrong ends4 ,,large4--,confer sufficient natural talent1 and intellectual capability to take a high stand among men2 give strength of mind1 superior judgment1 and power both of acquiring knowledge easily1 and reasoning profoundly4 ,their direction depends upon the other faculties2 with large animal organs and weak morals1 they make philosophical sensualists2 with large moral and weaker animal organs1 moral and religious philosophers1 etc4 ,,very ,,large4--,give natural greatness of intellect and judgment1 and a high order of natural talents2 confer superior judgment and a high order of sound sense1 with an original1 capacious1 comprehensive mind which can hardly fail to make its mark4 ,,full4--,has good intellectual capabilities and much strength of mind1 provided it is well cultivated2 with large ,acquisitiveness1 a talent for acquiring property2 with large moral organs1 enlighten and improve the moral character2 with large ,constructiveness1 give mechanical intelligence1 etc4 ,,average4--,evinces fair mental powers1 provided they are cultivated1 otherwise only moderate intellectual capabilities2 with an excitable temperament1 allow the feelings and larger faculties to control judgment2 with large moral organs1 has more piety than talents1 and allows religious prejudices and preconceived doctrines to prevent impartial intellectual examination2 with moderate ,acquisitiveness1 will never acquire property2 with average ,constructiveness1 will be a poor mechanic1 etc4 ,,moderate4--,is rather deficient in sense and judgment1 yet not palpably so2 can be easily imposed upon2 is deficient in memory1 and rather wanting in judgment1 comprehension1 and intellectual capacity4 ,,small4--,is decidedly deficient in mind2 slow and dull of comprehension2 lacks sense1 and has poor powers of memory and reason4 ,,very ,,small4--,is a natural idiot4 ,these faculties are divided into the three following classes1 which1 when large1 confer three kinds of talent4 ,,species #a,,st4--,,the ,,perceptive ,,faculties4 ,these bring man into direct intercourse with the physical world2 take cognizance of the physical qualities of material things2 give practical judgment1 and a practical cast of mind4 ,,large4--,judges correctly of the various qualities and relations of matter2 with ,acquisitiveness large1 forms correct ideas of the value of property1 goods1 etc41 and what kinds are likely to rise in value1 and makes good bargains2 with large ,constructiveness1 render important service in mechanical operations1 and give very good talents for building machinery1 superintending workmen1 etc42 with the mental temperament and large intellectuals added1 confer a truly scientific cast of mind1 and a talent for studying the natural sciences1 and are useful in almost every department and situation in life2 with an active temperament and good general advantages1 know a good deal about matters and things in general2 give quickness of observation and perception and matter-of-fact1 common-sense tact1 and will show off to excellent advantage1 appear to know all that they really do1 perhaps more2 confer a talent for acquiring and retaining knowledge with great facility1 and attending to the details of business2 becoming an excellent scholar1 etc42 and give a strong thirst after knowledge4 ,,very ,,large4--,are pre-eminent in these respects2 know by intuition the proper conditions1 fitness1 value1 etc41 of things2 power of observation1 and ability to acquire knowledge1 and a natural taste for examining2 collecting statistics1 studying the natural sciences1 etc4 ,for combinations see large4 ,,full4--,confer fair perceptive powers1 and a good share of practical sense2 learns and remembers most things quite well2 loves reading and knowledge1 and with study can become a good scholar1 yet not without it2 with large ,acquisitiveness1 judge of the value of things with sufficient correctness to make good bargains1 but with moderate ,acquisitiveness1 lacks such judgment2 with large ,constructiveness1 aided by experience1 confer a good mechanical mind1 but without experience or only moderate ,constructiveness are deficient in this respect1 etc4 ,,average4--,confer only fair perceptive and knowing powers1 but1 well cultivated1 know considerable about matters and things1 and learn with tolerable ease2 yet without cultivation are deficient in practicability of talent1 and capability of gathering and retaining knowledge4 ,for combinations see full4 ,,moderate4--,are rather slow and dull of observation and perception1 require some time to understand things1 and even then lacks specificness and detail of knowledge2 are rather deficient in matter-of-fact knowledge1 and show off to poor advantage2 learn slowly and fail in off-hand judgment and action2 with only average ,acquisitiveness1 are deficient in judging of the value of things1 and easily cheated2 and with moderate ,language1 are rather wanting in practical talent1 and cannot show advantageously what is possessed4 ,,small4--,is very deficient in remembering and judging2 lacks practical sense1 and should cultivate the knowing and remembering faculties4 ,,very ,,small4--,sees few things1 and knows almost nothing about the external world1 its qualities1 and relations4 #bd4 ,,individuality4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #hg4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #hh4 ,,small4 ,,observation2 desire to ,,see and ,,examine2 cognizance of individual ,,objects4 ,adapted to individual existence1 or the ,,thingness of things2 and is the door through which most forms of knowledge enter the mind4 ,perverted it makes the starer and the impudently observing4 ,,large4--,gives a great desire to see1 know1 examine1 experience1 etc42 is a great and practical observer of men and things2 sees whatever is transpiring around1 what should be done1 etc42 is quick of perception1 knowing2 with large ,acquisitiveness1 is quick to perceive whatever appertains to property2 with large ,philoprogenitiveness1 whatever concerns its children2 with large ,alimentiveness1 whatever belongs to the flavor or qualities of food1 and knows what things are good by looking at them2 with large ,approbativeness or ,self ,esteem1 sees quickly whatever appertains to individual character1 and whether it be favorable or unfavorable2 with large ,conscientiousness1 perceives readily the moral1 or right and wrong of things2 with large ,veneration1 sees ,god in clouds1 and hears him in the winds2 with large ,ideality1 is quick to perceive beauty1 perfection1 and deformity2 with large ,form1 notices the countenances and looks of all it meets2 with small ,color1 fails to observe tints1 hues1 and shades2 with large ,order and moderate ,ideality1 perceives disarrangement at once1 yet fails to notice the want of taste or niceness4 ,these and kindred combinations show why some persons are very quick to notice some things1 but slow to observe others3 p4 #ahd4 ,,very ,,large4--,has an insatiable desire to see and know every thing1 together with extraordinary powers of observation2 cannot rest satisfied till it knows the whole2 individualizes every thing1 and is very minute and particular in its observation of things2 with large ,ideality1 employs many allegorical and like figures2 with large ,human ,nature and ,comparison1 observes every little thing which people say and do1 and reads character correctly from what smaller ,individuality would not notice3 p4 #ahe4 ,,full4--,has good observing powers1 and much desire to see and know things1 yet is not remarkable in these respects2 with large ,acquisitiveness1 but moderate ,ideality1 is quick to notice whatever appertains to property1 yet fails to observe instances of beauty and deformity2 but with large ,ideality and moderate ,acquisitiveness1 quickly sees beauty and deformity1 yet does not quickly observe the qualities of things or value of property2 with large ,philoprogenitiveness and ,ideality1 sees at once indices of beauty and perfection in children2 but if ,ideality and ,language be moderate1 fails to perceive beauty of expression or sentiment etc43 p4 #ahe4 ,,average4--,observes only the more conspicuous objects around it1 and these more in general than in detail1 and what especially interests the larger faculties3 p4 #ahc4 ,,moderate4--,is rather deficient in observing disposition and capability1 and should cultivate this faculty2 with large ,locality1 may observe places sufficiently to find them again2 with large ,order1 observes when things are out of place2 with large ,causality1 sees that it may find materials for reasoning1 etc43 p4 #ahe4 ,,small4--,observes only what is thrust upon his attention1 and is quite deficient in this respect3 p4 #ahf4 ,,very ,,small4--,sees scarcely any thing3 p4 #ahf4 #be4 ,,form4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #hi4 ,,large4 ,,form1 ,,size1 ,,and ,,color4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ij4 ,,small4 ,,form1 ,,size1 ,,and ,,color4 ,cognizance and recollection of ,,shape2 memory of ,,countenances and the ,,looks of persons and things seen2 perception of ,,resemblances1 family likenesses1 etc4 ,adapted to shape4 ,perverted1 sees imaginary shapes of persons1 things1 etc4 ,,large4--,notices1 and for a long time remembers1 the faces1 countenances1 forms1 looks1 etc41 of persons1 beasts1 and things once seen2 knows by sight many whose name is not remembered2 with ,individuality large1 both observes and recollects persons and things1 but with ,individuality moderate1 fails to notice them1 and hence to remember them1 unless business or something special draws attention to them2 with large ,philoprogenitiveness1 notices and recollects children1 favorite animals1 etc42 with large ,acquisitiveness1 ,individuality1 and ,locality1 readily detects counterfeits1 etc43 p4 #ahg4 ,,very ,,large4--,possesses this capability in an extraordinary degree2 recognizes persons not seen for many years2 with large ,ideality1 takes extreme delight in beautiful forms2 with large ,spirituality1 sees the spirits of the departed2 with disordered nerves1 sees horrid images1 etc43 p4 #ahh4 ,,full4--,has a good recollection of the countenances of persons and shape of things1 yet not remarkably good unless this faculty has been quickened by practice1 or invigorated by some strong incentive to its action2 with large ,ideality1 will recollect beautiful shapes2 with large ,locality and sublimity1 beautiful and magnificent scenery1 etc42 and should impress the recollection of shape upon the mind3 p4 #ahh4 ,,average4--,has only a fair natural recollection of shapes1 countenances1 etc42 yet with much practice may do tolerably well1 but without practice will be comparatively deficient in these respects2 and should cultivate this faculty3 p4 #ahf4 ,,moderate4--,is rather deficient in recognizing persons before seen2 fails to recognize by their looks those who are related to each other by blood1 and should cultivate this faculty by trying to remember persons and things3 p4 #ahi4 ,,small4--,has a poor recollection of persons1 looks1 etc42 often meets persons the next day after an introduction1 or an evening interview1 without knowing them2 with ,eventuality large1 may remember their history1 but not their faces2 with ,locality large1 where they were seen1 but not their looks1 etc43 p4 #ahi4 ,,very ,,small4--,manifests scarcely any of this faculty3 p4 #ahi #bf4 ,,size4 ,cognizance of ,,bulk1 ,,magnitude1 ,,quantity1 ,,proportion1 etc42 ability to measure by the ,,eye4 ,adapted to the absolute and relative magnitude of things4 ,perverted1 it is pained by slight departures from proportion1 or architectural inaccuracies4 ,,large4--,has an excellent eye for measuring angles1 proportions1 disproportions1 and departures therefrom2 and with large ,constructiveness1 gives a good mechanical eye1 and judges correctly of quantity in general2 loves proportion1 and is pained by disproportion2 and is necessary to artisans1 mechanics1 all kinds of dealers1 students1 etc43 p4 #aij4 ,,very ,,large4--,possesses this capability in an extraordinary degree1 and is pained in the extreme by the sight of disproportion2 can tell how wide1 how far1 how long1 how much1 etc41 with very great accuracy2 detects at once the texture and quality or fineness or coarseness of goods1 and excels in judgment of property where bulk and value are to be estimated by the eye1 and can dispense with instruments in measuring3 p4 #aia4 ,,full4--,possesses a good share of this eye-measuring power1 yet is not remarkable2 with practice1 does well2 without it1 rather poorly2 and does well in its accustomed business3 p4 #aia4 ,,average4--,has a fair eye for judging of bulk1 weight1 by the size1 etc41 and with practice would do tolerably well in this respect3 p4 #aij4 ,,moderate4--,measures by the eye rather inaccurately1 and has poor judgment of bulk1 quantity1 distance1 and whatever is estimated by this faculty3 p4 #aia4 ,,small4--,is obliged always to rely on actual measurements1 because the eye is too imperfect to be trusted3 p4 #aia4 ,,very ,,small4--,is almost destitute of this faculty3 p4 #aib4 #bg4 ,,weight4 ,intuitive perception and application of the laws of ,,gravity1 ,,motion1 etc4 ,adapted to man's requisition for motion4 ,perverted1 it runs imminent risk of falling4 ,,large4--,has an excellent faculty for preserving and regaining balance2 riding a fractious horse2 skating2 carrying a steady hand1 etc42 easily keeps from falling when aloft1 or in dangerous places2 throws a stone1 ball1 or arrow straight2 is pained at seeing things out of plumb2 judges of perpendiculars very exactly2 loves to climb1 walk on the edge of a precipice1 etc42 with ,form and ,size large1 is an excellent marksman2 with ,constructiveness large1 possesses an excellent faculty for understanding and working machinery2 with ,approbativeness large1 is venturesome etc41 to show what risks it can run without falling3 p4 #aic4 ,,very ,,large4--,possesses these capabilities in an extraordinary degree2 is a dead shot2 rarely ever falls1 or is thrown from a horse3 p4 #aid4 ,,full4--,has a good degree of this faculty1 and with practice excels1 yet without it is not remarkable3 p4 #aid4 ,,average4--,like full1 only less gifted in this respect2 with only average ,constructiveness and perceptives1 should never engage in working machinery1 because deficient in this talent3 p4 #aib4 ,,moderate4--,can keep the balance under ordinary circumstances1 yet has rather imperfect control over the muscles in riding a fractious horse or walking a narrow beam aloft2 with large ,cautiousness1 is timid in dangerous places1 and dare not trust itself far2 is not first-rate in skating1 throwing1 etc41 unless rendered so by practice1 and should cultivate this faculty by climbing1 balancing1 throwing1 etc43 p4 #aid4 ,,small4--,is quite liable to sea-sickness1 dizziness when aloft1 etc41 and naturally clumsy2 with large ,cautiousness1 is afraid to walk over water1 even on a wide plank1 and where there is no danger2 never feels safe while climbing1 and falls easily3 p4 #aie4 ,,very ,,small4--,can hardly stand erect1 and has very little control over the muscles3 p4 #aie4 #bh4 ,,color4 ,perception1 recollection1 and application1 of ,,colors1 and ,,delight in them4 ,adapted to that infinite variety of coloring interspersed throughout nature4 ,perverted1 is over-particular to have colors just right4 ,,large4--,can discern and match colors by the eye with accuracy2 with ,comparison large1 can compare them closely1 and detect similarities and differences2 with ,constructiveness1 ,form1 ,size1 and ,imitation large or very large1 can excel in painting2 but with ,form and ,size only average1 can paint better than draw2 with ,ideality large1 is exceedingly delighted with fine paintings1 and disgusted with imperfect coloring2 with large ,form and ,size1 manages the perspective of painting admirably3 p4 #aie4 ,,very ,,large4--,has a natural taste for painting2 and with a large brain and very large ,constructiveness1 ,imitation1 ,form1 and ,size1 and large ,weight1 has a genius and passion for painting1 and takes the utmost delight in viewing harmonious colors3 p4 #aif4 ,,full4--,possesses a good share of coloring ability and talent provided it has been cultivated2 takes much pleasure in beautiful flowers1 variegated landscapes1 beautifully colored fruits1 etc43 p4 #aif4 ,,average4--,possesses a fair share of this talent1 yet is not extraordinary3 p4 #aie4 ,,moderate4--,with practice1 may judge of colors with considerable accuracy1 yet without it will be somewhat deficient in this respect2 with large ,form1 ,size1 ,constructiveness1 ,ideality1 and ,imitation1 may take an excellent likeness1 yet will fail somewhat in the coloring3 p4 #aig4 ,,small4--,can tell the primitive colors from each other1 yet rarely notices the color of dress1 eyes1 hair1 etc42 cannot describe persons and things by them1 and evinces a marked deficiency in coloring taste and talent3 p4 #aig4 ,,very ,,small4--,can hardly tell one color from another1 or form any idea of colors3 p4 #aig4 #bi4 ,,order4 ,,method1 ,,system1 ,,arrangement4 ,adapted to ,heaven's first law4 ,perverted1 it overworks1 and annoys others to keep things in order1 and is tormented by disarrangement4 ,,large4--,has a desire to conduct business on methodical principles1 and to be systematic in every thing2 with large ,acquisitiveness and ,causality1 has good business talents2 with large ,locality1 has a place for every thing1 and every thing in its place2 with large ,time1 has a time for every thing1 and every thing in season2 with large ,continuity1 ,comparison1 and the mental temperament1 has every idea1 paragraph1 and head of a subject in its proper place2 with large ,constructiveness1 has its tools where it can always lay hands upon them in the dark2 with large ,combativeness1 is excessively vexed by disarrangement2 with large ,language1 places every word exactly right in the sentence2 with large ,approbativeness1 is inclined to conform to established usages2 with large ,size1 must have every thing in rows1 or straight2 and with large ,ideality must have every thing neat and nice as well as methodical1 etc43 p4 #aii4 ,,very ,,large4--,is very particular about order1 even to old maidishness2 works far beyond strength to have things just so2 and with large ,ideality1 and an active temperament1 and only fair ,vitality1 is liable to break down health and constitution by overworking in order to have things extra nice1 and takes more pains to keep things in order than this order is worth2 with large ,ideality1 is fastidious about personal appearance1 and extra particular to have every little thing very nice2 and with ,acquisitiveness added1 cannot bear to have garments soiled1 and is pained in the extreme by grease spots1 ink blots1 and like deformities3 p4 #aii4 ,,full4--,if educated to business habits1 evinces a good degree of method1 and disposition to systematize1 but without practice1 may sometimes show laxity2 with a powerful mentality1 but weaker muscles1 likes to have things in order1 yet does not always keep them so2 with large ,causality added1 shows more mental than physical order2 with large moral organs1 likes to have religious matters1 codes of discipline1 etc41 rigidly observed1 and has more moral than personal method2 with ,acquisitiveness and perceptives large1 is sufficiently methodical for all practical business purposes1 yet not extra particular3 p4 #bjj4 ,,average4--,likes order1 yet may not always keep it1 and desires more than it practically secures3 p4 #aih4 ,,moderate4--,is very apt to leave things where they were last used1 and lacks method2 with ,ideality moderate1 lacks personal neatness1 and should cultivate this desirable element by being more particular3 p4 #bja4 ,,small4--,has a very careless1 inaccurate way of doing every thing2 leaves things where it happens2 can never find what is wanted2 takes a long time to get ready1 or else goes unprepared1 and has every thing in perpetual confusion3 p4 #bja4 ,,very ,,small4--,is almost wholly destitute of this arranging power and desire3 p4 #bja4 #cj4 ,,calculation4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ia4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ib4 ,,small4 ,cognizance of ,,numbers2 ability to reckon figures ,,in ,,the ,,head2 ,,mental arithmetic4 ,adapted to the relations of numbers4 ,,large4--,excels in mental arithmetic1 in adding1 subtracting1 multiplying1 dividing1 reckoning figures1 casting accounts1 etc41 in the head2 with large perceptives1 has excellent business talents2 and large ,locality and ,causality added1 excels as a mathematician3 p4 #bjb4 ,,very ,,large4--,possesses this calculating capability in a most extraordinary degree2 can add several columns at once very rapidly and correctly1 and multiply and divide with the same intuitive powers2 loves mental arithmetic exceedingly well3 p4 #bjc4 ,,full4--,possesses good calculating powers2 with practice can calculate in the head or by arithmetical rules easily and accurately1 yet without practice is not remarkable2 with large ,form1 ,size1 ,comparison1 ,causality1 and ,constructiveness1 can be a good geometrician or mathematician1 yet will do better in the higher branches than merely arithmetical3 p4 #bjd4 ,,average4--,can learn arithmetic and do quite well by practice1 yet is not naturally gifted in this respect3 p4 #bjb4 ,,moderate4--,adds1 subtracts1 divides1 and calculates with extreme difficulty2 with large ,acquisitiveness and perceptives1 will make a better salesman than book-keeper3 p4 #bjd4 ,,small4--,is dull and incorrect in adding1 subtracting1 dividing1 etc42 dislikes figuring2 is poor in arithmetic1 both practical and theoretical1 and should cultivate this faculty3 p4 #bje4 ,,very ,,small4--,can hardly count1 much less calculate3 p4 #bje4 #ca4 ,,locality4 ,cognizance of ,,place2 recollection of the ,,looks of places1 roads1 scenery1 and the ,,location of objects2 ,,where on a page ideas are to be found1 and position generally2 the ,,geographical faculty2 desire to ,,see places1 and the ability to ,,find them4 ,adapted to the arrangement of space and place4 ,perverted1 it creates a cosmopolitic disposition1 and would spend every thing in traveling4 ,,large4--,remembers the whereabout of whatever it sees2 can carry the points of the compass easily in the head1 and is lost with difficulty either in the city1 woods1 or country2 desires to see places1 and never forgets them2 studies geography and astronomy with ease2 and rarely forgets where things are seen2 with ,constructiveness1 remembers the arrangement of the various parts of a machine2 with ,individuality1 ,eventuality1 and ,human ,nature1 loves to see men and things as well as places1 and hence has a passion for traveling3 p4 #bje4 ,,very ,,large4--,always keeps a correct idea of the relative and absolute position1 either in the deep forests or the winding street2 cannot be lost2 is perfectly enamored of traveling2 has literally a passion for it3 p4 #bjf4 ,,full4--,remembers places well1 yet not extraordinarily so2 can generally find the way1 yet may sometimes be lost or confused2 with large ,eventuality1 remembers facts better than places3 p4 #bjg4 ,,average4--,recollects places and positions seen several times1 yet in city or on roads is occasionally lost2 has no great geographical talent1 yet by study and practice can do tolerably well3 p4 #bje4 ,,moderate4--,recollects places rather poorly2 dare not trust itself in strange places or large cities2 is not naturally good in geography1 and to excel in it must study hard2 should energetically cultivate this faculty by localizing every thing1 and remembering just how things are placed3 p4 #bjg4 ,,small4--,is decidedly deficient in finding places1 and recollects them with difficulty even when perfectly familiar with them3 p4 #bjh4 ,,very ,,small4--,must stay at home unless accompanied by others1 because it cannot find the way back3 p4 #bjh4 ,,literary ,,faculties4 ,these collect information1 anecdotes1 and remember matters of fact and knowledge in general1 and give what is called a good memory4 ,adapted to facts1 dates1 and the communication of ideas and feelings4 ,,large4--,render their possessor smart1 knowing1 and off-hand2 enable him to show off to good advantage in society2 with large ,ideality1 give brilliancy to talent4 ,,very ,,large4--,is extraordinarily well informed1 if not learned and brilliant2 according to his means is a first-rate scholar2 has a literal passion for literary pursuits1 and a strong cast of mind4 ,,full4--,give a fair1 matter-of-fact cast of mind and knowing powers1 fair scholarship1 and a good general memory4 ,,average4--,if cultivated1 give a good general memory and store considerable knowledge2 yet without cultivation only a commonplace memory1 and no great general knowledge4 ,,moderate4--,know much more than they can think of at the time1 or can tell2 with large reflective faculties1 has more judgment than memory1 and strength of mind than ability to show off4 ,,small ,,or ,,very ,,small4--,has a poor memory of most things1 and inferior literary capabilities4 #cb4 ,,eventuality4 ,memory of ,,facts2 recollection of ,,circumstances1 ,,news1 ,,occurrences1 and historical1 scientific1 and passing ,,events2 what has been ,,said1 ,,seen1 ,,heard1 and once ,,known4 ,adapted to ,,action1 or those changes constantly occurring around or within us4 ,,large4--,has a clear and retentive memory of historical facts1 general knowledge1 what has been seen1 heard1 read1 done1 etc41 even in detail2 considering advantages1 is well informed and knowing2 desires to witness and institute experiments2 find out what is and has been1 and learn anecdotes1 particulars1 and items of information1 and readily recalls to mind what has once entered it2 has a good general matter-of-fact memory1 and picks up facts readily2 with ,calculation and ,acquisitiveness1 remembers business matters1 bargains1 etc42 with large social feelings1 recalls friends to mind1 and what they have said and done2 and with large ,locality1 associates facts with the place where they transpired1 and is particularly fond of reading1 lectures1 general news1 etc41 and can become a good scholar3 p4 #baj4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ic4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #id4 ,,small4 ,,very ,,large4--,possesses a wonderfully retentive memory of every thing like facts and incidents2 with large ,language and ,imitation1 tells a story admirably1 and excels in fiction1 etc42 has a craving thirst for knowledge1 and literally devours books and newspapers1 nor allows any thing once in the mind to escape it3 p4 #baa4 ,,full4--,has a good general memory of matters and things1 yet it is considerably effected by cultivation1 that is1 has a good memory if it is habitually exercised--if not1 only an indifferent one2 with large ,locality1 recollects facts by associating them with the place1 or by recollecting where on a page they are narrated2 with large reflectives1 remembers principles better than facts1 and facts by associating them with their principles2 and with large ,language1 tells a story quite well3 p4 #bab4 ,,average4--,recollects leading events and interesting particulars1 yet is rather deficient in memory of items and details1 except when it is well cultivated3 p4 #bji4 ,,moderate4--,is rather forgetful1 especially in details2 and with moderate ,individuality and ,language1 tells a story very poorly2 and should cultivate memory by its exercise3 p4 #bab4 ,,small4--,has a treacherous and confused memory of circumstances2 often forgets what is wanted1 what was intended to be said1 done1 etc42 has a poor command of knowledge1 and should strenuously exercise this remembering power3 p4 #bac4 ,,very ,,small4--,forgets almost every thing1 both generals and particulars3 p4 #bac4 #cc4 ,,time4 ,cognizance and recollection of ,,duration and ,,succession2 the ,,lapse of time1 ,,when things occurred1 etc41 and ability to carry the time of the day in the ,,head ,,punctually4 ,adapted to periodicity4 ,perverted1 it is excessively pained by bad time in music1 not keeping steps in walking1 etc4 ,,large4--,can generally tell when things occurred1 at least the order of events and the length of time between one occurrence and another1 etc42 tells the time of day without timepiece or sun1 well2 and keeps an accurate chronology in the mind1 of dates1 general and particular2 with large ,eventuality1 rarely forgets appointments1 meetings1 etc42 and is a good historian3 p4 #bae4 ,,very ,,large4--,can tell the time of day almost as correctly as with a timepiece1 and the time that transpired between one event and another1 and is a natural chronologist3 p4 #baf4 ,,full4--,with cultivation1 can keep time in music1 and also the time of day in the head quite correctly2 yet not exceedingly so3 p4 #baf4 ,,average4--,with practice1 has a good memory of dates and successions1 yet without it is rather deficient3 p4 #bad4 ,,moderate4--,has a somewhat imperfect idea of time and dates2 with moderate ,individuality1 ,eventuality1 and ,language1 is a poor historian3 p4 #baf4 ,,small4--,has a confused and indistinct idea of the time when things transpired1 and forgets dates3 p4 #bag4 ,,very ,,small4--,is almost wholly destitute of this faculty3 p4 #bag4 #cd4 ,,tune4 ,ability to learn and remember tunes ,,by ,,rote2 the ,,music instinct and faculty4 ,adapted to the musical octave4 ,perversion--excessive fondness for music to the neglect of other things4 ,,large4--,loves music dearly2 has a nice conception of concord1 discord1 melody1 etc41 and enjoys all kinds of music2 and with large ,imitation1 ,constructiveness1 and ,time1 can make most kinds1 and play well on musical instruments2 with large ,ideality1 imparts a richness and exquisiteness to musical performances2 has a fine taste and is tormented by discord1 but delighted by concord1 and takes a great amount of pleasure in the exercise of this faculty2 with large ,combativeness and ,destructiveness1 loves martial music2 with large ,veneration1 sacred music2 with large ,adhesiveness and ,amativeness1 social and parlor music2 with large ,hope1 ,veneration1 and disordered nerves1 plaintive1 solemn music1 etc43 p4 #bah4 ,,very ,,large4--,possesses extraordinary musical taste and talent1 and is literally transported by good music2 and with large ,imitation and ,constructiveness1 fair ,time1 and a fine temperament1 is an exquisite performer2 learns tunes by hearing them sung once2 sings in spirit and with melting pathos2 shows intuitive taste and skill2 sings from the soul to the soul3 p4 #bai4 ,,full4--,has a good musical ear and talent2 can learn tunes by rote quite well2 and with large ,ideality1 ,imitation1 and ,firmness1 can be a good musician1 yet will require practice3 p4 #bbj4 ,,average4--,has fair musical talents1 yet1 to be a good musician1 requires considerable practice2 can learn tunes by rote1 yet with some difficulty2 with large ,ideality and ,imitation1 may be a good singer or player1 yet is indebted more to art than nature1 shows more taste than skill1 and loves music better than can make it3 p4 #bag4 ,,moderate4--,has no great natural taste or talent for music1 yet1 aided by notes and practice1 may sing and play quite well1 but will be rather mechanical2 lacks that pathos and feeling which reaches the soul3 p4 #bbj4 ,,small4--,learns to sing or play tunes with great difficulty1 and that mechanically1 without emotion or effect3 p4 #bba4 ,,very ,,small4--,has scarcely any musical idea or feeling1 so little as hardly to tell ,yankee ,doodle from ,old ,hundred3 p4 #bba4 #ce4 ,,language4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ie4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #if4 ,,small4 ,expression of ideas and feelings by words1 written or spoken1 gesture1 looks1 and action2 the ,,communicative faculty and instinct in general4 ,adapted to man's requisition for holding communication with man4 ,perverted1 it creates garrulity1 excessive talkativeness1 telling what does harm1 etc4 ,,large4--,expresses ideas and feelings well1 both verbally and in writing2 can learn to speak languages easily2 recollects words and commits to memory well2 gives freedom1 copiousness1 and power of expression2 with large ,amativeness1 uses tender1 winning1 persuasive words2 with large ,combativeness and ,destructiveness1 severe and cutting expressions2 with large moral faculties1 words expressive of moral sentiments2 with large ,acquisitiveness1 describes in glowing colors what is for sale2 with large ,ideality1 employs richness and beauty of expression1 and loves poetry and oratory exceedingly2 with large ,imitation1 expresses thoughts and emotions by gesticulation2 with activity great and ,secretiveness small1 shows in the looks1 thoughts1 and feelings what is passing in the mind2 with large reflective faculties1 shows thought and depth in the countenance2 with large ,comparison1 uses just the words which convey the meaning intended2 with large mentality1 activity1 ,ideality1 ,individuality1 ,eventuality1 and ,comparison1 can make an excellent editor or newspaper writer2 and with large ,causality added1 a philosophical writer3 p4 #bbd4 ,,very ,,large4--,possesses the communicative disposition and faculty in an extraordinary degree2 with activity and intellectuality great1 throws an extraordinary amount of feeling and soul into every expression and action2 is a natural linguist1 and as fond of talking and writing as of eating2 with activity great1 average ,causality1 large ,combativeness1 and a nervous temperament1 will be a scold3 p4 #bbf4 ,,full4--,says well what it has to say1 yet is not garrulous2 with small ,secretiveness1 says without qualification1 and also distinctly and pointedly2 expresses the manifestations of the larger faculties with much force1 yet not of the smaller ones2 with large ,secretiveness and ,cautiousness1 does not always speak to the purpose1 and make itself fully understood1 but uses rather non-committal expressions2 with large ,comparison1 ,human ,nature1 ,causality1 ,ideality1 activity1 mentality1 and power1 has first-rate writing talents1 and can speak well1 yet large ,secretiveness impairs speaking and writing talents by rendering them wordy and non-committal3 p4 #bbg4 ,,average4--,has fair communicating talents1 yet not extra2 with activity great and ,secretiveness small1 speaks right out and to the purpose1 yet is not eloquent1 and uses commonplace words and expressions2 with large ,individuality1 ,eventuality1 and ,comparison1 and moderate ,secretiveness1 can make an excellent writer by practice2 uses none too many words1 but expresses itself clearly and to the point2 with large ,causality1 has more thought than language2 with moderate ,individuality and ,eventuality1 finds it difficult to say just what it would1 and is not fully and easily understood2 with large ,ideality1 has more beauty and elegance than freedom3 p4 #bbb4 ,,moderate4--,is not particularly expressive in words1 actions1 and countenance1 nor ready in communicating ideas and sentiments2 with large ,ideality1 ,eventuality1 ,comparison1 activity1 and power1 can succeed well as a writer1 yet not as a speaker2 with large ,causality and moderate ,eventuality1 has abundance of thoughts1 but finds it quite difficult to cast them into sentences1 or bring in the right adjectives and phrases2 is good in matter1 yet poor in delivery2 commits to memory with difficulty1 and fails to make ideas and feelings fully understood1 and to excite like organs in others2 with large ,eventuality1 ,locality1 ,form1 and ,comparison1 may be a fair linguist1 and learn to read foreign languages1 yet learns to speak them with difficulty1 and is barren in expression1 however rich in matter3 p4 #bbh4 ,,small4--,has poor lingual and communicative talents2 hesitates for words2 speaks with extreme difficulty and very awkwardly1 and should cultivate this faculty by talking and writing much3 p4 #bbh4 ,,very ,,small4--,can hardly remember or use words at all1 or even remember their meaning3 p4 #bbi4 ,,reflective ,,or ,,reasoning ,,faculties4 ,these give a ,,philosophizing1 ,,penetrating1 ,,investigating1 ,,originating cast of mind2 ascertain ,,causes and abstract ,,relations2 ,,contrive1 ,,invent1 ,,originate ideas1 etc4 ,adapted to the first principles or laws of things4 ,,large4--,confer the higher capabilities of intellect2 reason clearly and strongly on whatever data is furnished by the other faculties2 give soundness of understanding1 depth of intellect1 and that weight which carries conviction1 and contribute largely to success in every thing2 with perceptives small1 possess more power of mind than can be manifested1 and fails to be appreciated and understood1 because more theoretical than practical4 ,,very ,,large4--,possess extraordinary depth of reason and strength of understanding2 and with large perceptives1 extraordinary talents1 and manifests them to good advantage2 with perceptives small1 gives great strength of understanding1 yet a poor mode of manifesting it2 are not appreciated1 and lack balance of mind1 and are more plausible than reliable1 and too dark to be clear4 ,,full4--,possess fair reflective powers1 and reason well from the data furnished by the other faculties2 and with activity great1 have a fair flow of ideas and good general thoughts4 ,,average4--,reason fairly on subjects fully understood1 yet are not remarkable for depth or clearness of idea2 with cultivation1 will manifest considerable reasoning power1 without it only ordinary4 ,,moderate4--,are rather deficient in power and soundness of mind2 but with large perceptives1 evince less deficiency of reason than is possessed4 ,,small4--,have inferior reasoning capabilities4 ,,very ,,small4--,are almost wholly deficient in thought1 idea1 and comprehensiveness of mind4 #cf4 ,,causality4 ,perception and application of ,,causes2 adaptation of ways and means to ends4 ,adapted to the institution in nature of causes and effects4 ,perverted by selfishness1 it reasons in favor of untruth1 and attains injurious ends4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ig4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ih4 ,,small4 ,,large4--,desires to know the ,,why and ,,wherefore of things1 and to investigate their ,,laws2 reasons clearly and correctly from causes to effects1 and from facts to their causes2 gives uncommon capabilities of planning1 contriving1 inventing1 creating resources1 and making the head save the hands2 kills two birds with one stone2 predicts results1 and arranges things so as to succeed2 synthetizes1 and puts things together well2 with large ,combativeness1 loves to argue2 with large perceptives1 will be quick to perceive facts and conditions1 and reason powerfully and correctly from them2 with ,comparison and ,conscientiousness large1 reasons forcibly on moral truths2 with the selfish faculties strong1 will so adapt ways and means as to serve personal purposes2 with moderate perceptives1 will excel more in principles and philosophy than facts1 and remember laws better than details2 with ,comparison and ,human ,nature large1 is particularly fond of mental philosophy1 and excels therein2 with ,individuality and ,eventuality only moderate1 will be guided more by reason than experience1 by laws than facts1 and arrive at conclusions more from reflection than observation2 with large perceptives1 possesses a high order of practical sense and sound judgment2 with large ,comparison and moderate ,eventuality1 remembers thoughts1 inferences1 and subject matter1 but forgets items2 with the mental temperament and ,language moderate1 will make a much greater impression upon mankind1 by action than expressions1 by deeds than words1 etc43 p4 #bcc4 ,,very ,,large4--,possesses this cause-seeking and applying power in an extraordinary degree2 perceives by intuition those deeper relations of things which escape common minds2 is a profound philosopher and a deep and powerful reasoner1 and has great originality of mind and strength of understanding3 p4 #bcf4 ,,full4--,has good cause-seeking and applying talents2 reasons and adapts ways and means to ends well2 with large perceptives1 ,comparison1 activity1 and thought1 possesses excellent reasoning powers1 and shows them to first-rate advantage2 with moderate perceptives and large ,secretiveness1 can plan better than reason2 with large ,acquisitiveness and moderate ,constructiveness1 lays excellent money-making1 but poor mechanical plans1 etc43 p4 #bcf4 ,,average4--,plans and reasons well in conjunction with the larger faculties1 but poorly with the smaller ones2 with moderate ,acquisitiveness1 lays poor money-making plans2 but with large ,conscientiousness1 reasons well on moral subjects1 especially if ,comparison be large1 etc43 p4 #bca4 ,,moderate4--,is rather deficient in discerning and applying causes2 perceives them when presented by other minds1 yet does not originate them2 with activity and perceptives large1 may do well in the ordinary routine of business1 yet fails in difficult matters3 p4 #bcg4 ,,small4--,is deficient in reasoning and planning power2 needs perpetual telling and showing2 seldom arranges things beforehand1 and then poorly2 should work under others2 lacks force of idea and strength of understanding3 p4 #bch4 ,,very ,,small4--,is idiotic in reasoning and planning3 p4 #bch4 #cg4 ,,comparison4 ,,inductive reasoning2 ability and disposition to ,,classify1 ,,compare1 ,,draw ,,inferences from analogy1 etc4 ,adapted to those classifications which pervade universal nature4 ,perverted1 is too redundant in proverbs1 fables1 and figures of speech4 ,,large4--,reasons clearly and correctly from conclusions and scientific facts up to the laws which govern them2 discerns the known from the unknown2 detects error by its incongruity with facts2 has an excellent talent for comparing1 explaining1 expounding1 criticising1 exposing1 etc42 employs similes and metaphors well2 puts this and that together1 and draws inferences from them2 with large ,continuity uses well-sustained figures of speech1 but with small ,continuity1 drops the figure before it is finished2 with large ,individuality1 ,eventuality1 activity1 and power1 gives scientific cast of mind2 with large ,veneration1 reasons about ,god and his works2 with large ,language uses words in their exact signification2 with large ,mirthfulness1 hits the nail upon the head in all its criticisms1 and hits off the oddities of people to admiration2 with large ,ideality gives beauty1 taste1 propriety of expression1 etc43 p4 #bda4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ii4 ,,large4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #ajj4 ,,small4 ,,very ,,large4--,possesses this analyzing1 criticising1 and inductive faculty in a truly wonderful degree2 illustrates with great clearness and facility from the known to the unknown2 discovers the deeper analogies which pervade nature1 and has an extraordinary power of discerning new truths2 with large ,individuality1 ,eventuality1 and activity1 has a great faculty of making discoveries2 with large ,language1 uses words in their exact meaning1 and is a natural philologist2 with full ,language1 explains things plausibly and correctly3 p4 #bdc4 ,,full4--,possesses a full share of clearness and demonstrative power1 yet with large ,causality and only moderate ,language1 cannot explain to advantage2 with large ,eventuality1 reasons wholly from facts2 with moderate ,language1 fails in giving the precise meaning to words2 and makes good analytical discriminations3 p4 #bdc4 ,,average4--,shows this talent in a good degree in conjunction with the larger faculties2 but is rather wanting in reference to the smaller ones3 p4 #bci4 ,,moderate4--,rather fails in explaining1 clearing up points1 putting things together1 drawing inferences1 and even uses words incorrectly2 with ,individuality and ,eventuality moderate1 shows much mental weakness2 with large ,causality1 has good ideas1 but makes wretched work in expressing them1 and cannot be understood2 with ,mirthfulness full or large1 tries to make jokes1 but they are always ill-timed and inappropriate3 p4 #bdd4 ,,small4--,has a poor talent for drawing inferences2 lacks appropriateness in every thing1 and should cultivate this faculty3 p4 #bdd4 ,,very ,,small4--,has little1 and shows almost none of this element3 p4 #bdd4 ,c4 ,,human ,,nature4 ,discernment of ,,character2 perception of ,,motives2 ,,intuitive physiognomy4 ,adapted to man's need of knowing his fellow-men4 ,perverted1 it produces suspiciousness4 ,,large4--,reads men intuitively from their looks1 conversation1 manners1 and walk1 and other kindred signs of character2 with ,individuality and ,comparison large1 notices all the little things they do1 and founds a correct estimate upon them1 and should follow first impressions touching persons2 with full ,secretiveness and large ,benevolence added1 knows just how to take men1 and possesses much power over mind2 with ,mirthfulness and ,ideality large1 sees all the faults of people1 and makes much fun over them2 with ,comparison large1 has a turn for metaphysics1 etc4 ,,very ,,large4--,possesses this faculty in an extraordinary degree2 reads every body right through at first sight4 ,for combinations see large4 ,,full4--,reads character quite well from the face or external signs1 yet is sometimes mistaken2 may generally follow first impressions safely2 loves to study character2 with ,ideality and ,adhesiveness large1 the excellences of friends2 with ,philoprogenitiveness large1 of children2 with ,combativeness large1 all the faults of people2 and with only average ,adhesiveness1 forms few friendships1 because it detects so many blemishes in character1 etc4 ,,average4--,has fair talents for reading character1 yet is not extra in this respect1 and may safely cultivate it4 ,,moderate4--,fails somewhat in discerning character2 occasionally forms wrong conclusions concerning people2 should be more suspicious1 watch people closely1 especially those minor signs of character dropped when off their guard2 has ill-timed remarks and modes of addressing people1 and often says and does things which have a different effect from that intended4 ,,small4--,is easily imposed upon by others2 with large ,conscientiousness and small ,secretiveness1 thinks every body tells the truth2 is too confiding1 and fails sadly in knowing where and how to take things4 ,,very ,,small4--,knows almost nothing about human nature4 ,d4 ,,agreeableness4 ,,persuasiveness1 ,,pleasantness1 ,,blandness4 ,adapted to please and win others4 ,,large4--,has a pleasing1 persuasive1 conciliatory mode of addressing people1 and of saying things2 with ,adhesiveness and ,benevolence large1 is generally liked2 with ,comparison and ,human ,nature large1 says unacceptable things in an acceptable manner1 and sugars over expressions and actions4 ,,very ,,large4--,is peculiarly winning and fascinating in manners and conversation1 and wins over even opponents4 ,,full4--,is pleasing and persuasive in manner1 and with ,ideality large1 polite and agreeable1 except when the repelling faculties are strongly excited2 with small ,secretiveness and strong ,combativeness and activity1 is generally pleasant1 but when angry is sharp and blunt2 with large ,benevolence1 ,adhesiveness1 and ,mirthfulness1 is excellent company4 ,,average4--,has a good share of pleasantness in conversation and appearance1 except when the selfish faculties are excited1 but is then repulsive4 ,,moderate4--,is rather deficient in the pleasant and persuasive1 and should by all means cultivate this faculty by sugaring over all it says and does4 ,,small4--,says even pleasant things very unpleasantly1 and fails sadly in winning the good graces of people4 ,,very ,,small4--,it almost totally deficient in this faculty4 ,,rules ,,for ,,finding ,,the ,,organs4 ,,pre-,,eminently is ,phrenology a science of ,,facts4 ,observation discovered it--observation must perfect it2 observation is the grand instrumentality of its propagation4 ,to be convinced of its truth1 nine hundred and ninety-nine men out of every thousand require to ,,see it--to be convinced by ,,induction1 founded upon experiment4 ,hence the importance of giving definite ,,rules for finding the organs1 by which even disbelievers may test the science1 and believers be confirmed in its truth1 and advanced in its study4 ,the best mode of investigating its truth1 is somewhat as follows3 ,you know a neighbor who has extreme ,firmness in character2 who is as inflexible as the oak1 and as obstinate as the mule4 ,now1 learn the location of the phrenological organ of ,firmness1 and apply that location to his head--that is1 see whether he has this organ as conspicuous as you know him to have this faculty in character2 and if you find a coincidence between the two1 you have arrived at a strong phrenological fact4 ,you know another neighbor who is exceedingly cautious1 timid1 safe wise1 and hesitating2 who always looks at the objections and difficulties in the way of a particular measure1 instead of at its advantages2 who always takes abundant time to consider1 and is given to procrastination4 ,learn the location of ,cautiousness1 and see whether he has this phrenological organ as conspicuous as you know this faculty to exist in his character4 ,by pursuing such a course as this1 you can soon arrive at a sure knowledge of the truth or falsity of phrenological science2 and this is altogether the best mode of convincing unbelievers of its truth1 by means of the marked coincidence between the ,phrenology and character of those they know2 and it is not possible for the human mind to resist proof like this4 ,to promote this practical knowledge--the application of this science--we give the following ,,rules ,,for ,,finding the organs1 fully assured that we can fill our pages with nothing more interesting or useful4 ,follow these rules exactly1 and you will have little difficulty in finding at least all the prominent organs4 ,your first observation should be made upon ,,temperament1 or organization and physiology1 with this principle for your basis3 that when bodily texture or form is coarse1 or strong1 or fine1 or soft1 or weak1 or sprightly1 the texture of the brain will correspond with that of body1 and the mental characteristics with that of brain4 ,still1 it is not now our purpose to discuss the influence of various temperaments upon the direction of the faculties4 ,the second observation should be to ascertain what faculties ,,control the character1 or what is the dominant motive1 desire1 object1 or passion of the person examined2 in phrenological language1 what faculties predominate in action2 and it should here be observed1 that the relative size of organs does not always determine this point4 ,some faculties1 though very dominant in power1 cannot1 in their very nature1 constitute a motive for action1 but are simply executive functions1 simply carrying into effect the dominant motives4 ,for example1 ,combativeness rarely ever becomes a distinct motive for action4 ,few men love simply to wrangle1 quarrel1 and fight for fun1 but they exercise ,combativeness merely as a means of obtaining the things desired by the other dominant faculties4 ,few men have for their motive the mere exercise of will--that is1 ,firmness is generally exercised to carry into effect the design of the other faculties2 and instead of subjecting the other faculties to itself1 simply keeps them at their work1 whatever that work may be4 ,and thus of some other faculties4 ,but ,amativeness1 ,friendship1 ,appetite1 ,acquisitiveness1 ,benevolence1 ,veneration1 ,conscientiousness1 or ,intellect1 ,constructiveness1 ,ideality1 or the observing faculties1 may all become dominant motives4 ,and it requires much phrenological shrewdness to ascertain what single faculty1 cluster1 or combination of faculties1 leads off the character4 ,let us take1 then1 for our starting point1 the outer angle of the eye1 and draw a line to the middle of the top of the ears1 and ,,destructiveness is exactly under this point1 and it extends upward about half an inch above the top of the ears1 and in proportion to its size will the head be wide between the ears4 ,and if ,secretiveness be small and ,destructiveness large1 there will be a horizontal ridge extending forward and backward1 more or less prominent1 according to the size of this organ4 ,three quarters of an inch above the middle of the top of the ears1 ,,secretiveness is located4 ,when this organ is large1 it rarely gives a distinct projection1 but simply fills and rounds out the head at this point4 ,when the head widens rapidly from the junction of the ears as you rise upward1 ,secretiveness is larger than ,destructiveness2 but when the head becomes narrower as you rise1 it is smaller than ,destructiveness4 ,to find these two organs1 and their relative size1 place the third fingers of each hand upon the head just at the top of the ears2 let the lower side of the third finger be even with the upper part of the ear2 that finger then rests upon ,destructiveness4 ,then spread the second finger about one eighth of an inch from the other1 and it will rest upon ,secretiveness4 ,let the end of your longest finger come as far forward as the fore part of the ears1 and they will then rest upon these two organs4 ,take1 next1 this same line1 starting from the outer angle of the eye1 to the top of the ears1 and extend it straight backward an inch and a half to an inch and three quarters1 and you are on ,combativeness4 ,this organ starts about midway to the back part of the ears1 and runs upward and backward toward the crown of the head4 ,to ascertain its relative size1 steady the head with one hand1 say the left1 and place the balls of your right fingers upon the point just specified letting your elbow be somewhat below the subject's head1 which will bring your fingers directly ,,across the organ4 ,its size may be ascertained partly from the general fullness of the head1 and partly from its sharpness1 according as the organ is more or less active2 yet observers sometimes mistake this organ for the mastoid process directly behind the lower part of the ears4 ,remember our rule1 namely3 a line drawn from the outer angle of the eye to the top of the ear1 and continued an inch and a half or three quarters straight back4 ,follow that rule1 and you cannot mistake the position of this organ2 and will soon1 by comparing different heads1 be able to arrive at those appearances when large or small4 ,to find ,,philoprogenitiveness1 extend this line straight back to the middle of the back head1 and you are on the organ2 and in proportion as the head projects backward behind the ears at this point1 will ,philoprogenitiveness be larger or smaller4 ,about an inch1 or a little less1 directly ,,below this point1 is the organ which controls ,,muscular ,,motion2 and in proportion as this is more or less prominent1 will the muscular system be more or less active4 ,those who have this prominence large1 will be restless1 always moving a hand or foot when sitting1 and even when sleeping2 will be light-footed1 easy-motioned1 fond of action1 and willing to work1 and possessed of a first-rate constitution4 ,but when that prominence is weak1 they will be found less fond of physical action and labor4 ,to return to ,philoprogenitiveness4 ,three fourths of an inch ,,above this point1 ,,inhabitiveness is located4 ,when this organ is large1 and ,continuity is moderate1 there will be found a prominence somewhat resembling an angle of a triangle1 with the angle at the middle of the head1 together with a sharp prominence at this point4 ,but when ,inhabitiveness is small1 there will be a depression just about large enough to receive the end of a finger1 with the bow downward4 ,an inch on each side of this point is ,,adhesiveness4 ,or thus3 taking the backward termination of that line already drawn1 erect upon it a right-angle triangle2 let the right angle be on ,philoprogenitiveness1 and the two sides which inclose this angle be about an inch and a half or three quarters each1 and the other two angles will be on the two lobes of ,adhesiveness--the hypothenuse1 or long side1 being about two inches1 or two and a half inches1 in length4 ,when ,adhesiveness is large--especially if ,inhabitiveness and ,continuity be small--there will be found two swells1 somewhat resembling the larger end of an egg2 but if small1 the head will retire at this point4 ,directly above ,inhabitiveness and ,adhesiveness1 ,,continuity is located4 ,when small1 a depression resembling a new moon1 with the horns turning ,,downward1 surrounding the organs of ,inhabitiveness and ,adhesiveness1 will be found4 ,when ,continuity is large1 however1 there will be no depression1 nor any swell1 but simply a ,,filling ,,out of the head at this point4 ,,amativeness may be found thus3 ,take the middle of the back part of the ears as your starting point2 draw a line backward an inch and a half1 and you are upon this organ4 ,yet the outer portion next to the ear probably exercises the more gross and animal function of this faculty1 while the inner portion takes on a more spiritual tone4 ,to find ,,cautiousness1 take the back or posterior part of the ears as your starting point2 draw a perpendicular line1 when the head is erect1 from the extreme back part of the ear1 straight up the side of the head1 and just where the head begins to round off to form the top1 ,cautiousness is located4 ,this organ is generally well developed in the ,american head1 and those swells1 generally seen at this point1 are caused by a full development of this faculty4 ,to find ,,alimentiveness1 take the upper and forward junction of the ear with the head as your starting point2 draw a line half an inch forward1 inclining a little downward1 and you are upon this organ4 ,then rise three quarters of an inch straight upward1 and you are on that part of ,,acquisitiveness which gets property4 ,yet a better rule for finding it is this3 ,find ,secretiveness in accordance with the rule already given1 and ,acquisitiveness is three quarters of an inch ,,forward of the point1 and about an inch above the middle of the tip of the ear4 ,or thus3 ,take the middle of the top of the ear as your starting point2 draw a perpendicular line three quarters of an inch upward1 and you are on ,secretiveness2 and then about an inch forward1 and you are on ,acquisitiveness4 ,the back part of ,acquisitiveness seeks partnership and ,,acquires1 while the fore part ,,hoards money4 ,when the head widens rapidly as you pass from the outer angles of the eyes to the top of the ears1 ,acquisitiveness is large2 but when the head is thin in this region1 ,acquisitiveness is small4 ,,sublimity1 ,,ideality1 and ,,constructiveness1 can be found by the following rule3 ,first find ,cautiousness by applying the rule already laid down for that purpose1 then pass directly forward an inch1 and you are on ,sublimity2 extend this line on another inch1 and you are on ,ideality2 then an inch downward brings you upon ,constructiveness4 ,it should be remembered that ,cautiousness1 ,sublimity1 and ,ideality are just upon the turning of the head1 or between the top and the sides of the head4 ,usually the head is much wider at ,cautiousness than at ,sublimity1 and at ,sublimity than ,ideality4 ,when1 however1 the head is as wide at ,ideality as at ,cautiousness1 the subject will be found possessed of unusual good taste1 purity1 refinement1 elevation1 and personal perfection4 ,half an inch forward of ,ideality is the organ which appertains to dress1 and secures personal neatness4 ,in those who care but little what they wear1 or how they appear1 this organ will be found small4 ,,firmness can best be found by the following rule3 ,let the subject sit or stand erect1 and hold the head in a line with the spinal column2 then take the opening of the ear as your starting point1 draw a line straight upward till you reach the middle line on the top of the head1 and you are on the fore part of ,firmness4 ,when this organ is large1 and ,veneration is small1 you will find its forward termination to resemble1 in shape1 the fore part of a smoothing-iron1 rapidly widening as it runs backward2 the organ is usually about an inch and a half long4 ,to find ,,self-,,esteem1 take the junction of this perpendicular line with the middle line of the head1 and an inch and a half backward will be found the upper part of ,self-,esteem1 which gives a lofty1 aspiring air1 magnanimity1 and a determination to do something worthy of itself2 while half an inch farther back will be found another part of ,self-,esteem1 which gives ,,will1 love of liberty1 and a determination not to be ruled4 ,on the two sides of ,self-,esteem1 about an inch outwardly1 ,,approbativeness is located4 ,these two lobes run backward toward ,adhesiveness1 and upward toward ,conscientiousness4 ,the relative size of ,approbativeness and ,self-,esteem may be found thus3 ,place one hand1 say the left1 upon the forehead1 and steady the head2 point the finger from above directly down upon ,firmness2 then move it two inches directly backward1 and place the balls of the second and third fingers upon the points just found4 ,if ,self-,esteem be small1 these balls will fall into the hole which indicates its deficiency1 while the ends of the fingers will strike upon the swells caused by ,approbativeness1 if this organ be large2 and the middle of the second joint of these fingers will apprehend the size of that lobe of ,approbativeness which is next to it4 ,or thus3 ,stand behind the patient1 and so place your fingers upon his head that the second finger shall reach upward to the back part of ,firmness1 then lay the first and second joints of that finger evenly with the head1 and place the first and third fingers upon the head alongside of it4 ,if ,self-,esteem be larger than ,approbativeness1 the second finger will be pushed up farther than the others2 but if the two lobes of ,approbativeness be larger than ,self-,esteem1 the second finger will fall into a hollow running up and down1 while the first and third fingers will rest upon the two lobes of ,approbativeness4 ,or thus3 ,in nineteen females out of every twenty1 ,self-,esteem will be found small and ,approbativeness large1 and by applying this rule to their heads1 a hollow will generally be found at ,self-,esteem and a swell at ,approbativeness1 by which you can localize these organs2 and a few applications will soon enable you to form correct ideas of their appearance when large or small4 ,,hope and ,,conscientiousness are found thus3 ,that line already drawn to find ,firmness passes over the back part of ,hope1 which is on each side of the fore part of ,firmness1 while ,conscientiousness is just back of that line1 on the two sides of the back part of ,firmness1 joining ,approbativeness behind4 ,as these two organs run lengthwise from ,firmness down toward ,cautiousness1 and are near together1 it is sometimes difficult to say which is large and which small4 ,the upper part of ,conscientiousness1 next to ,firmness1 experiences feelings of obligation to ,god1 or sense of duty to obey his laws2 while the lower part creates a feeling of obligation to our fellow-men4 ,near the middle of the top of the head is ,,veneration2 or about an inch forward of the point already described for finding ,firmness2 while ,,benevolence is about an inch forward of ,veneration4 ,when1 therefore1 the middle of the top head rounds out and rises above ,firmness and ,benevolence1 ,veneration is larger than either of these organs2 but when there is a swell at ,benevolence1 and a depression as you pass backward in the middle of the head1 and another rise as you pass still farther back to ,firmness1 ,veneration is smaller than ,benevolence or ,firmness4 ,the back of ,benevolence experiences a desire to do good and to remove evil1 while the fore part bestows minor gifts in the family and neighborhood4 ,the fore part of ,veneration gives respect for our fellow-men1 while the back part supplicates and depends upon a ,deity4 ,the fore part of ,firmness1 working with ,conscientiousness1 gives moral decision2 while the latter1 acting with ,self-,esteem1 gives physical decision1 determination to accomplish material objects1 and what we commonly call perseverance4 ,on each side of ,veneration1 ,,spirituality is located4 ,it may be found by the following rules3 ,standing behind the subject1 who should be seated1 so place your fingers that the first fingers of each hand shall be about an inch apart--that the ends of your second fingers shall be about three quarters of an inch forward of a line drawn across the middle of the head from side to side1 and the balls of your fingers will be on ,spirituality4 ,or reversing your position1 so as to stand in ,,front of the subject1 so place your hands that the first fingers of each hand shall be as before1 about an inch apart1 and the ends of your longest fingers shall just touch the fore part of ,hope1 and the balls of your second and third fingers will rest on ,spirituality4 ,this organ is generally small1 so that it may usually be found by that depression which indicates its absence4 ,when it is large1 the head is filled out in this region1 instead of sloping rapidly from ,veneration4 ,its two lobes are about an inch on each side of ,veneration1 and directly above ,ideality4 ,,imitation is upon the two sides of ,benevolence1 directly forward of ,spirituality4 ,the best rule for finding it is this3 ,standing in front of the subject1 place your hands so that the first fingers of each hand shall be separated about three quarters of an inch1 and that the end of your longest finger shall reach a line drawn through ,veneration and ,spirituality--that is1 through the middle of the head from side to side--and the balls of your fingers will be on ,imitation4 ,it will be found large1 or very large1 in almost all children2 so that the ridge usually found in their heads at this point1 may be taken as the location of this organ4 ,it runs from ,benevolence downward toward ,constructiveness4 ,the upper part1 toward ,benevolence1 mimics2 the lower part1 toward ,constructiveness1 is the organ for making after a pattern1 copying1 etc4 ,we are now brought to the intellectual lobe4 ,take the root of the nose as your starting point2 the first organ we meet in passing upward is ,,individuality4 ,it is between the eyebrows1 and when large1 causes them to arch ,,downward at their inner termination4 ,three quarters of an inch upward1 and slightly below the centre of the forehead is ,,eventuality1 which in children is usually large1 and in adults generally small4 ,from this centre of the forehead1 ,,comparison extends upward to where the head begins to slope backward to form the top of the head2 at which point1 or between ,benevolence and ,comparison1 ,,human ,,nature is located1 which is usually large in the ,american head1 as is also ,comparison4 ,,agreeableness is located about an inch on each side of the organ of ,human ,nature1 and is usually small2 so that we can ascertain its location by observing its deficiency4 ,when both of these organs are large1 the forehead will be wide and full as it rounds backward to form the top head1 or where the hair makes its appearance4 ,,causality is located about an inch on each side of ,comparison2 and ,,mirthfulness about three quarters of an inch still farther outwardly toward ,ideality4 ,,form is located internally from ,individuality1 just above and partly between the eyes1 so as to set them wider apart1 in proportion as it is larger or smaller4 ,,size is located just in the turn between the nose and eyebrows1 or beneath the inner portion of the eyebrows2 and when large1 causes their inner portions to project outward over the inner portion of the eyes like the eaves of a house1 giving to the eyes a sunken appearance4 ,size can generally be observed by sight1 yet if you would test your sight by touch1 proceed as follows3 ,place the end of your thumb against the bridge of your nose1 with the lower part of your hand turned outward1 and your thumb lying nearly parallel with the eyebrows1 and the balls of your thumb will be upon ,size4 ,and if this organ be large1 you will observe a fullness in this region1 as if half a bean were beneath your thumb4 ,to find ,,weight and ,,color1 proceed as follows3 ,let the eyes be directed straight forward1 as if looking at some object2 draw an imaginary line from the middle of the eye to the eyebrow2 internally from this line beneath the eyebrows ,weight is located1 while ,color is located beneath the eyebrows just outwardly from this line4 ,,order is located just externally to ,color2 and ,,time is located partly above and between ,color and ,order4 ,this organ is small in most heads4 ,,calculation is located beneath the outer termination of the eyebrows1 and in proportion as they are long and extend backward to the eye1 will this organ be more or less developed4 ,three fourths of an inch ,,above the outer angle of the eyebrow1 ,,tune is located4 ,spurzheim's rule for finding it is this3 ,stand directly before the subject1 and if the head widens over the outer eyebrow as you rise upward1 ,tune is large2 but if you observe a hollow at this point1 ,tune is small4 ,i have generally found this organ small in adults1 so that it is difficult to find its relative size1 but in children it is very easily found2 its decline is consequent on its non-exercise4 ,time and ,tune join each other1 while ,time1 ,tune1 and ,mirthfulness occupy the three angles of a triangle1 nearly equilateral1 the shortest side being between ,time and ,tune4 ,,language is located partly above and partly behind the eyes4 ,when it is large1 it pushes the eyes downward and outward1 and of course shoves them forward1 which gives them a full and swollen appearance1 as if they were standing partly out of their sockets1 and causes both the upper and under eyelids to be wide and broad4 ,when the eyes are sunken1 and their lids narrow1 ,language will be found small4 ,by following these rules exactly and specifically1 the precise location of the organs can be ascertained1 and a few observations upon heads will soon teach you the appearance of the respective organs when they are large1 small1 or midway in size4 ,some slight allowances are to be made1 however1 in calculating the size of the head1 or the relative size of the organs4 ,thus1 the larger ,combativeness is1 the longer the line from ,combativeness to the ear2 yet large and small ,combativeness do not vary this line over from a quarter to half an inch2 so that there will be but little difficulty in finding the precise location of this organ4 ,probably the most difficult point of discrimination is between ,hope and ,conscientiousness1 and it should be distinctly borne in mind1 that ,hope is generally placed too far forward4 ,between ,hope1 ,cautiousness1 and ,approbativeness1 there probably exists an organ1 the natural functions of which has not yet been fully established4 ,there are doubtless other organs yet undiscovered1 especially in the middle line of the head1 between ,benevolence and ,philoprogenitiveness1 and also between ,imitation and ,causality4 ,phrenology is yet in its infancy4 ,though it is perfect in itself1 yet our ,,knowledge of it is not yet perfected4 ,as every successive generation make advances upon one another in ,astronomy1 ,chemistry1 and other departments of science1 so ,gall and ,spurzheim have discovered only the landmarks of this science and have left much to be filled up by us and those who come after us4 ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,passages in italics are indicated by italics4 ,punctuation has been corrected without note4 ,the following misprints have been corrected3 exquisitensess corrected to exquisiteness 7page #be7 charcter corrected to character 7page #dg7 #dg corrected to #bg 7page #ej7 ,secretivness corrected to ,secretiveness 7page #ec7 two corrected to too 7page #ee7 faculties3 etc41 corrected to faculties1 etc413 7page #ef7 ,destructivness corrected to ,destructiveness 7page #ef7 the the corrected to the 7page #gh7 missing on added 7page #aad7 respcet corrected to respect 7page #abe7 the the corrected to the 7page #acc7 ,other than the corrections listed above1 printer's inconsistencies in spelling and hyphenation usage have been retained4 ,the scans of the original text were difficult to read in several places4 ,thus1 the following points are noted3 ,the date on the title page reverse is illegible and has been noted as #ah4 ,on page #cd1 in the phrase are all on fire1 ready to ignite1 on is a best guess as the intended wording4 ,based on the original scans1 on might also be interpreted as of4 ,on page #dj1 in the image caption ,,jaco ,,the ,,orang-,,outang1 ,jaco is a best guess as the intentional wording4 ,based on the original scans1 ,jaco might also be interpreted as ,jaso4