,the ,complete ,club ,book ,for ,women ,,interesting ,,books ,by ,caroline ,french ,benton 99 99 99 99 99 ,woman's ,club ,work and ,programs1 net1 #a4be ,carriage paid1 #a4dj ,the ,complete ,club ,book for ,women1 net1 #a4be ,carriage paid1 #a4dj ,fairs and ,fetes1 net1 #a4ce ,carriage paid1 #a4ej ,living on a ,little1 net1 #a4be ,carriage paid1 #a4dj ,easy ,meals1 net1 #a4be ,carriage paid1 #a4dj ,easy ,entertaining1 net1 #a4be ,carriage paid1 #a4dj ,saturday ,mornings1 #j4ge ,a ,little ,cook ,book for a ,little ,girl1 #j4ge 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,page ,,company #ec ,beacon ,street1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,the ,complete ,club ,book ,for ,women ,including ,subjects1 ,material and ,references for ,study ,programs2 together with a ,constitution and ,by-,laws2 ,rules of ,order2 ,instructions how to make a ,year ,book2 ,suggestions for ,practical ,community ,work2 a ,resume of what ,some ,clubs are ,doing1 etc41 etc4 ,a companion volume to ,woman's ,club ,work and ,programs 99 99 99 99 99 ,,by ,caroline ,french ,benton ,author of ,woman's ,club ,work and ,programs1 ,fairs and ,fetes1 ,living on a ,little1 ,easy ,meals1 ,easy ,entertaining1 ,saturday ,mornings1 ,a ,little ,cook ,book for a ,little ,girl1 etc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration 99 99 99 99 99 ,,boston ,the ,page ,company ,,mdccccxv ,copyright1 #aiae1 by ,,the ,,page ,,company ,to ,the ,club ,women of ,city and ,country ,,preface ,in a previous volume1 called ,work and ,programs for ,women's ,clubs1 more than twenty leading subjects were given for club study1 including ,shakespeare1 the opera1 the drama and child study1 each with ten programs made out under it1 comprising papers1 talks1 readings and discussions1 with the names of books for reference4 ,probably many of the clubs which have used that book may still prefer the subjects and method employed there1 and some who have not used it will find in it their work made easy4 ,others1 however1 who believe in self help1 or who wish to harmonize their study programs with some practical work the club is doing1 or who find it necessary to adjust their work to the varying tastes of the members1 will prefer the method followed in this second volume4 ,subjects are here presented with suggestions for divisions into separate meetings2 then the papers or talks are outlined under each1 with many references to books by contemporary writers4 ,from the mass of material given each club is to select what best suits its individual needs and arrange from it a year book4 ,if a club wishes to have sixteen meetings a year on one subject and four on another1 the chairman may select one of the large subjects1 shape the material offered into sixteen large divisions1 add the necessary subdivisions beneath with the references1 and then selecting a shorter program1 divide this in the same way and combine the two4 ,or1 supposing a club wished to master a subject with unusual thoroughness1 a large subject may be divided into a two-year study course4 ,several of the subjects indeed might easily be taken up for still a longer time4 ,any one of them has in it material enough for serious work1 yet some are capable also of being taken up in six meetings if that is desirable4 ,a model ,constitution is offered which any club may easily adapt to its own needs4 ,some condensed ,rules of ,order are also given4 ,it is earnestly hoped that in this little book every club woman may find everything she requires4 ,,contents ,,chapter ,,page ,,preface vii ,i ,,suggestions ,,for ,,club ,,work #a ,,ii ,,community ,,improvement #f ,,iii ,a ,,study ,,of ,,the ,,american ,,colonies #ad ,,iv ,,some ,,poets ,,of ,,to-,,day #bg ,v ,,the ,,world',s ,,islands #ci ,,vi ,,the ,,business ,,of ,,being ,a ,,housekeeper #ed ,,vii ,a ,,study ,,of ,,songs #ff ,,viii ,,some ,,of ,,the ,,world',s ,,famous ,,buildings #gf ,,ix ,,four ,,short ,,programs #ia ,x ,,central ,,and ,,south ,,america ,,and ,,the ,,canal #ajd ,,xi ,,the ,,work ,,of ,,the ,,rural ,,club #aah ,,xii ,,the ,,history ,,of ,,england #aca ,,xiii ,,woman',s ,,problems ,,of ,,work #aci ,,xiv ,,woman',s ,,problems ,,of ,,work 7,con47 #ade ,,xv ,,some ,,great ,,men ,,of ,,our ,,time #aeh ,,xvi ,,the ,,literature ,,of ,,the ,,bible #agb ,,xvii ,,the ,,age ,,of ,,queen ,,anne #ahg ,,xviii ,,our ,,educational ,,system #aie ,,xix ,,special ,,programs ,,on ,,great ,,men ,,and ,,women #baj ,,xx ,,programs ,,from ,,clubs #bbd ,,xxi ,,what ,,clubs ,,are ,,studying #bcf ,,xxii ,,brief ,,one ,,day ,,programs #bdg ,,xxiii ,,how ,,to ,,make ,a ,,year ,,book #bfc ,,xxiv ,a ,,model ,,constitution #bhj ,,xxv ,,rules ,,of ,,order ,,for ,,clubs #bhe ,,chapter ,i ,,suggestions ,,for ,,club ,,work ,there is no difficulty in starting a club2 any group of women who are interested in the same things may form themselves into a simple organization4 ,but the great question will surely arise3 ,what shall we study8 ,and here club members are certain to divide into three distinct classes4 ,the first group consists of women who have for years been absorbed in home-making and child-rearing4 ,the world of books has been practically closed to them4 ,the club to which they wish to belong must offer them an opportunity for self-development1 one in which they will obtain the culture which comes from the study of art and music and literature2 one where their hungry minds will be fed4 ,but the group of young women1--perhaps college graduates1--have no sympathy with this desire2 they have had enough of books6 ,they demand that all the energies of the club shall be devoted to the good of the community1 to the larger housekeeping1 to preparation for citizenship4 ,who can stop to write dull papers on ,italian ,art in this day of efficiency8 ,between these two groups of women there is a third1 made up of women who have kept up their reading in spite of family cares1 and who also believe in the practical work outside the home which seems to them almost within their grasp4 ,but they lack self-confidence2 speaking in public is absolutely impossible2 even to lift a voice in a club discussion is a serious matter4 ,now the perfect club takes cognizance of these three classes of women and provides for them all4 ,it offers to the first group an opportunity for study2 and surely no woman ever grows beyond the place where she still has something to learn4 ,there are always fresh fields of poetry and travel1 of music and art which unfold with the years and tempt one on4 ,and then it offers training to the timid woman who fears to hear her own voice4 ,at first she may merely read a club paper1 but little by little she learns to give a quotation1 to put a motion or offer a suggestion2 and finally she finds she can speak without notes1 or take her part in a debate and hold her own with self-possession and dignity4 ,and that means that she has acquired a liberal education4 ,as to the energetic class between these two1 the ideal club has plenty for them1 also4 ,there has never been an opportunity for community work like that offered to-day1 offered especially to those women who have been made capable by their training in their own little study clubs to cope with questions of hygiene1 of tenement house wrongs and immigrants' problems2 they have the widest scope for their energies4 ,if they are wise1 they will accept the opportunity of using the woman's club and make it a center of social service4 ,the following programs are planned to cover all these requirements4 ,the first one is intended to lay out many lines of community work from which each club is asked to choose what best suits the needs of her own locality4 ,every second club meeting may be given to the study of the various problems presented by the town1 and remedies may first be suggested and then resolved upon4 ,cooeperation with other clubs is also urged1 and also the need of working with1 rather than against1 the city fathers4 ,alternating with meetings on these practical and helpful lines clubs are invited to study some one of the subjects which follow this first comprehensive program4 ,whatever appeals most to club members1 music or history1 literature or travel1 may be selected4 ,references to books are offered to assist in preparation of club papers4 ,it will be found that1 on the whole1 it is seldom best for a club to choose a miscellaneous program for an entire year's work4 ,too often such a choice means a grotesque range from ,life in ,early ,egypt to the ,waverley ,novels1 and from the ,panama ,canal to ,spring ,flowers4 ,when one wishes to have a year of work with a different subject for each meeting it is at least possible to choose those which have some relation1 and vary the program by having musical meetings also4 ,a word may be added as to the personal side of club life4 ,a president1 above all her other duties1 should see to it that the atmosphere of the club is warm and friendly4 ,if in other ways it is successful1 if the study gives intellectual stimulus1 and practical work is carried on effectively1 still it is a failure if the members are either snobbish or unsympathetic4 ,all the members of a club must be in harmony and work together in a spirit of comradeship if it is ever to reach its highest possibilities4 ,last of all1 should not a club extend its membership to as many as possible1 rather than have a waiting list8 ,whatever prestige may accrue to it through that1 will it not be of the greater good in the long run if its doors are always open to take in any woman who has something fresh to give to its life1 or has a need that the club can gratify8 ,,chapter ,,ii ,,community ,,improvement ,one of the up-to-date subjects for clubs is what is sometimes called ,the ,larger ,housekeeping4 ,it is the study of the economic conditions of one's own neighborhood with the determination to find ways to make the place more hygienic1 more sanitary1 moral and beautiful4 ,it is the development of the idea of social betterment4 ,a woman's club is an ideal social center from which this work may grow4 ,it is an excellent plan to enlist all the clubs in town1 if that is possible4 ,they may carry on other work besides1 but each club may also have some particular line of study on the common theme1 and at monthly meetings all the women may meet and discuss the one topic of community improvement4 ,the men of the place may be invited later to join these public meetings2 their cooeperation1 and that of the city officials especially1 should be secured from the beginning4 ,the one essential of success is team work4 ,the first thing is to understand the actual conditions which exist in the town4 ,the club should first learn who the town officials are1 and what are their duties4 ,next1 find out what the town assets are3 if there is a good courthouse and railroad station1 good schools1 a park1 attractive streets1 and so on4 ,in contrast to these there should be a complete list of what the town lacks2 better paving and lighting1 better sewerage and water1 a new milk supply1 or sanitary groceries1 and so on4 ,study and discussion make this list a long one4 ,then1 when once the club knows its own town 7and here the first pamphlet mentioned at the close of this article should be read71 each item on the list may be taken up and really mastered in its every detail2 committees should be appointed for each4 ,i--,,subjects ,,to ,,investigate ,the question of roads and pavements may come first4 ,what is their condition8 ,the yards of the place may come next4 ,are they in good order8 ,are the alleys clean8 ,is the garbage well taken care of8 ,does the town need a clean-up day8 ,is the sewerage system in good order8 ,is the town water pure8 ,discuss the milk supply4 ,a committee should inspect the dairies4 ,parks and playgrounds are subjects which will bring up many questions4 ,are they well cared for and attractive8 ,are there any playgrounds for children8 ,have they swings1 parallel bars and the like8 ,is there a supervisor8 ,next the town schools2 members should be appointed to visit each school and carefully go over it4 ,are there vines1 flowers and grass around the building8 ,are there cheap theaters in town8 ,are the shows clean8 ,do children patronize them8 ,is the theater building sanitary8 ,have a committee unannounced attend some performance4 ,is there a hotel in town8 ,is it a clean1 well-kept place8 ,are there saloons1 and1 if so1 do they in any way evade the law8 ,are they loafing places8 ,is the railroad station attractive8 ,is there any one in charge of the waiting-room8 ,is the town jail sanitary8 ,how is the poorhouse managed8 ,are there tenements8 ,are they sanitary8 ,how many churches are there and in what financial condition8 ,is there a town library8 ,is it up-to-date8 ,is there any town nuisance1 such as soft coal smoke or malodorous factories8 ,are advertisements painted on rocks or put up in fields8 ,these are only suggestions as to lines of investigation4 ,when finally the needs and shortcomings of the town are known to all1 practical work to improve conditions may be undertaken4 ,the best plan is to get a few of the many books on town betterment and read them before any reform is undertaken4 ,in addition to readings from these1 and papers showing what has been done in other towns on similar lines specialists should be asked to speak to the club1 and the public invited to hear them4 ,for instance1 a professor from the nearest agricultural college may lecture on pure milk2 on water supply the town engineer may speak2 on the question of bettering the public schools the state superintendent may be invited4 ,it is better to spend a whole club year in study and accomplish only one practical work for the town betterment1 than enthusiastically to begin on a dozen lines and yet really gain nothing substantial in the end4 ,,ii--,,the ,,beginning ,,of ,,social ,,service ,when at last1 the town is clean and sanitary1 and the improvements made which have been outlined1 then1 and not till then1 some of the interesting new lines of social service may be studied and put in practice4 ,and first1 a charity organization should be founded1 no matter how small the town may be4 ,all the churches and every individual should work in cooeperation with it4 ,after this1 if there are mills in the place these may be visited1 and with the consent of the owners night schools and recreation centers of all kinds for the employees may be established4 ,another committee may get new books for the town library4 ,medical and dental inspection of school children will also be of value1 and the town doctors will aid in it4 ,pure food should certainly be studied1 with investigations and recommendations of clean markets and groceries4 ,child welfare is a most important subject4 ,fresh air funds1 children's summer camps1 the prevention of infant mortality1 children's clinics and the like will grow out of its study4 ,child labor comes in this connection4 ,if there are mills or canneries near by1 it must be seen that the state laws are enforced there4 ,the state care of the defective child should be studied4 ,what can be done to rid the town of flies and mosquitoes in summer8 ,as to the schools1 cannot manual and vocational training be secured8 ,are open-air schools needed8 ,cannot music and art be better taught8 ,is there any place in town which affects good morals8 ,is it possible to establish a rest room for farmers' wives who come to town8 ,are coffee rooms needed to supplant the saloon8 ,remember that children are always delighted to help in community improvement1 and will investigate conditions as to alleys1 playgrounds1 or help clean up the town4 ,much legislation on many of the topics will come up4 ,a lawyer may be asked to come into the club and talk about the state laws1 child labor1 or any of the other subjects under discussion4 ,indeed college professors1 school superintendents and teachers1 settlement workers1 physicians1 clergymen1 librarians1 mill owners1 theatrical managers and editors may all be asked to help on this great work of community improvement1 and they will be found to respond gladly4 ,the whole population will gradually be drawn into touch and made to assist in the great project of transforming the home town into an ideal spot in which to live and bring up a family4 ,,iii--,,books ,,for ,,reference ,among the many books to be had are these3 ,knowing ,one's ,own ,community1 ,carol ,aronovici4 ,social ,service ,series1 ,bulletin #bj 7,national ,municipal-,league ,series1 ,appleton72 ,the ,country ,town1 ,w4 ,l4 ,anderson 7,doubleday1 ,page ,co472 ,village ,improvement1 ,parris ,t4 ,farwell 7,sturges and ,walton72 ,re-planning ,small ,cities1 ,john ,nolen 7,b4 ,w4 ,huebsch72 ,american ,municipal ,progress1 ,chas4 ,zeublin 7,macmillan ,co472 ,the ,improvement of ,towns and ,cities1 ,c4 ,m4 ,robinson 7,putnam72 ,american ,city ,government1 ,chas4 ,a4 ,beard 7,century ,co472 ,american ,playgrounds1 ,e4 ,b4 ,mero 7,american ,gymnasia ,co41 ,boston72 in the ,woman's ,citizens' ,library1 edited by ,shailer ,matthews1 there are excellent articles on most of the above topics4 7,civics ,society1 ,chicago47 ,bulletins of ,department of ,social and ,public ,service are excellent4 7,american ,unitarian ,association1 #be ,beacon ,st41 ,boston47 ,social ,forces1 ,miss ,l4 ,e4 ,stearns4 7,capitol ,bldg41 ,madison1 ,wis47 ,remarkable list of books on all subjects needed4 ,american ,civics ,association2 pamphlets on all subjects needed4 7,union ,trust ,bldg41 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c47 ,there are many magazines dealing with out-of-door life which have articles on good roads1 tree planting1 gardens and playgrounds4 ,survey has others on child welfare in all its aspects1 settlement work1 etc4 ,the ,chicago and ,new ,york ,schools of ,philanthropy also have pamphlets1 and will send any information4 ,chapter ,,iii ,a ,,study ,,of ,,the ,,american ,,colonies ,to study the ,american colonies thoroughly clubs should spend twenty or more meetings upon them4 ,there is abundant material suggested here to enlarge the ten meetings outlined to that many at the very least4 ,the best way to arrange the club work is to give at least four meetings to ,virginia1 four to ,new ,england1 two or three to ,new ,netherlands and two to each of the other important colonies4 ,in preparing papers1 see ,the ,thirteen ,colonies1 by ,helen ,a4 ,smith 7,putnam71 ,romance of ,american ,colonization1 by ,william ,e4 ,griffis 7,wilde71 and the series on the colonies1 one volume on each1 by ,john ,fiske 7,houghton ,mifflin ,co474 ,see also the first part of ,america1 by ,h4 ,butterworth 7,the ,page ,company74 ,before beginning the study of the first colony1 ,virginia1 there should be one meeting on the ,england of that time4 ,sir ,humphrey ,gilbert1 ,sir ,walter ,raleigh1 and ,drake should have special attention4 ,i--,,virginia ,describe the first expedition to ,virginia2 have an account of the settlement at ,roanoke1 then of the second expedition which brought over a hundred and fifty men and seventeen women1 and its fate1 and then the death of ,raleigh and the pause in the spirit of colonization4 ,the meeting following this will then begin the next period1 when under ,king ,james colonization was again taken up4 ,a paper may be on the settlement of ,jamestown1 a second on ,john ,smith and his work1 and a third on the starving time1 the trouble with the ,indians1 the coming of supplies from ,england4 ,close with a presentation of the conditions of the new colony1 its mismanagement and loss of life4 ,the era of progress comes next in order1 from #afaj to #afbd4 ,have sketches of ,lord ,delaware1 ,sir ,thomas ,gates1 and ,sir ,thomas ,dale2 mention the group of new settlements and note their military character4 ,bring in the story of ,powhatan1 and of ,pocahontas and her important marriage4 ,the growing value of tobacco in ,england1 the importation of negro slaves1 the rise of burgesses1 the coming of indentured servants1 of poor immigrants1 and of wives for the colonists are all important topics2 close with an account of the great massacre4 ,discuss the coming of the cavaliers to ,america4 ,was their influence good8 ,speak of the consequent loss of a thousand ,puritan colonists from ,virginia1 and its effect4 ,the curious political development of ,virginia should be studied4 ,note the importance of courts1 and describe court day4 ,the next great point to be taken up is the first colonial tragedy--,bacon's rebellion4 ,describe the causes which led up to it2 have papers on ,berkeley1 the tobacco riots1 the ,indian outbreak1 the romantic figure of the ,queen of ,pamunkey1 the arraignment of the ,governor1 the burning of ,jamestown1 the death of ,bacon1 and the far-reaching results of the rebellion4 ,read from ,white ,aprons1 by ,maud ,wilder ,goodwin 7,little1 ,brown ,co471 and ,the ,heart's ,highway1 by ,mary ,wilkins ,freeman 7,doubleday1 ,page ,co474 ,follow with a study of a century of development in ,virginia4 ,read of ,lord ,culpepper1 of the founding of ,william and ,mary ,college2 mention the absentee governor and his famous lieutenant governor1 ,sir ,francis ,nicholson1 who first suggested the possible union of the ,american colonies4 ,read also3 ,king ,noanett1 by ,f4 ,j4 ,stimson 7,scribner71 and ,old ,virginia and ,her ,neighbors1 by ,john ,fiske 7,houghton ,mifflin ,co474 ,,ii--,,maryland ,the history of the colony of ,maryland is closely connected with that of ,virginia4 ,take the story of the ,calvert family1 beginning with the first ,lord ,baltimore4 ,follow the topic with the coming of ,dutch and ,swedish colonists1 the sending of ,herman by ,stuyvesant to ,maryland and his interesting career4 ,the important point to notice in all this is the establishment of the manor system4 ,compare it with the vestries of ,virginia1 and later compare both these with the patroon system of the ,dutch1 and the town meeting rule of ,new ,england4 ,have a paper on the fifth ,lord ,baltimore and the changes which followed his accession4 ,read from ,mistress ,brent1 by ,lucy ,m4 ,thruston 7,little1 ,brown ,co471 and ,sir ,christopher1 by ,maud ,wilder ,goodwin 7,little1 ,brown ,co474 ,one entire meeting should follow next on the manners and customs in the ,southern colonies4 ,see ,some ,colonial ,homesteads1 by ,marion ,harland 7,putnam71 and the chapter in ,fiske on customs in ,old ,virginia and ,her ,neighbors4 ,,iii--,,north ,,and ,,south ,,carolina ,north ,carolina1 the next colony on the south to ,virginia1 was settled largely by refugees1 who1 discontented at home1 came here from other colonies4 ,read from the visit of ,george ,fox the ,quaker1 of the difficulties of travel and of the poverty and need of the people4 ,colonel ,james ,moore1 who came to the help of the people1 should have one paper1 and ,governor ,eden another4 ,read also the extraordinary story of the pirate ,blackbeard1 the terror of the coast1 and his relations with the governor4 ,after many vicissitudes colonists of the better sort began to arrive1 and slowly the colony prospered4 ,south ,carolina1 unlike ,north1 was from its beginning settled by rich planters1 slave holders1 of distinctly aristocratic habits4 ,read of ,carteret1 ,west1 and ,sir ,john ,yeamans1 and of the constitution known as the ,grand ,model1 drawn up by ,john ,locke4 ,charleston was made the capital in #afha1 laid out at the beginning by ,culpepper with sites for churches1 a town house1 an artillery ground and wharves1 and at once it became an important place4 ,the trouble with the ,spaniards on the south1 and the siege of ,charleston by ,blackbeard make two excellent topics for papers2 a third is the wise government of ,nicholson for twenty-five years4 ,,iv--,,georgia ,georgia1 the most southerly of the colonies1 is famous because of one man1 ,james ,edward ,oglethorpe1 the soldier1 statesman1 and philanthropist4 ,he planned to make it a refuge for all persecuted ,protestants of ,europe1 one where debtors of good family could come and make an honest living1 and where criminals might begin life anew2 it was to be the poor man's paradise4 ,one hundred and fourteen persons came over with him1 and in six weeks ,savannah was laid out1 and clearing and building begun4 ,the story reads like a romance4 ,all went well till lazy and shiftless immigrants arrived to enjoy the paradise also4 ,oglethorpe returned to ,england for a time1 taking several ,indian chiefs with him4 ,read of their visit to court4 ,he returned with ,john and ,charles ,wesley4 ,but trouble with ,spain was at hand2 war followed1 and ,oglethorpe again went to ,england and never came back4 ,slave holding1 before prohibited1 was now permitted2 plantations grew up1 commerce developed1 and an era of prosperity was established4 ,read ,doris ,kingsley1 by ,emma ,rayner 7,small1 ,maynard ,co474 ,v--,,the ,,new ,,england ,,colonies ,before turning to the north1 to the study of the ,new ,england colonies1 clubs should take rather thoroughly the history of ,england in the seventeenth century and familiarize themselves with conditions there1 and also in ,holland4 ,after this will come the well-known story of the voyage of the ,mayflower1 the landing of the ,pilgrims1 and the establishment of the first little settlement4 ,read of the leaders1 ,john ,carver1 ,william ,bradford1 ,standish1 ,winslow1 and ,alden1 and of the first winter4 ,the great advantage ,massachusetts had over all other colonies lay in the fact of the great ,puritan emigration from ,england4 ,earnest1 intelligent1 devoted people of high ideals made up the great bulk of the settlers4 ,note the fact of the growing religious intolerance of the ,puritans2 one meeting may be spent on this topic4 ,speak of ,ann ,hutchinson and ,roger ,williams1 the harsh treatment of the ,quakers1 and of witchcraft4 ,have readings showing how the belief in the last grew1 and its terrible results4 ,read from ,hawthorne's ,scarlet ,letter4 ,next take these ,new ,england colonies in the order of their settlement1 ,new ,hampshire1 ,connecticut1 and ,rhode ,island1 and show the differences in them4 ,notice how1 in ,massachusetts1 the vote was given to church members only1 while in ,connecticut it was given to all citizens4 ,read of education in ,new ,england1 of schools1 of the founding of ,harvard and ,yale colleges4 ,have a paper on ,cotton ,mather1 ,thomas ,hooker1 and ,davenport4 ,describe the ,town ,meeting4 ,have a paper also on the ,indians1 and discuss the ,pequot ,war1 the ,deerfield ,massacre1 and similar events4 ,close this study with an appreciation of the character of the men and women of ,new ,england4 ,read from ,men1 ,women and ,manners in ,colonial ,times1 by ,sidney ,g4 ,fisher 7,lippincott71 ,customs and ,fashions in ,old ,new ,england1 by ,alice ,morse ,earle 7,scribner71 ,home life in ,colonial ,days1 and ,child ,life in ,colonial ,days1 by the same author 7,macmillan71 and ,soldier ,rigdale1 by ,beulah ,m4 ,dix 7,macmillan74 ,several meetings may take up furniture1 pewter1 china1 silver1 old coverlets1 embroidered linen1 and the like4 ,read ,the ,quest of the ,colonial1 by ,robert and ,elizabeth ,shackleton 7,century ,co471 and ,colonial ,furniture in ,america1 by ,l4 ,v4 ,lockwood 7,scribner74 ,,vi--,,new ,,amsterdam ,between ,new ,england and ,virginia lay several colonies1 the most important1 ,new ,amsterdam4 ,preface its study with one paper on ,holland at the time4 ,then describe the coming of the little ,half ,moon1 the voyage up the ,hudson1 and the friendliness of the ,indians shown here1 as in each of the different colonies at the beginning of their history4 ,three settlements were soon made1 one at ,fort ,orange1 now ,new ,york1 one at ,fort ,nassau1 now ,albany1 and a third in ,new ,jersey across from ,fort ,orange4 ,tell how in a few years there were farms with stone houses1 churches1 schools1 and a regular system of fur trade with the ,indians which brought in huge yearly revenues4 ,three papers may be on the governors ,minuit1 ,van ,twiller1 and ,kieft1 noting their unlikeness1 and what each accomplished4 ,a fourth paper may describe the patroon system and compare it with that of other colonies4 ,the interesting figure of ,stuyvesant1 and his times1 in ,new ,amsterdam1 should have a meeting4 ,others may take up the coming of negro slaves1 the establishment of settlements on the ,hudson1 the trouble with ,long ,island and its ,english settlers1 the appearance of the ,english fleet1 the surrender of ,new ,amsterdam1 and the taking of the oath of allegiance4 ,have a description of life in ,dutch ,new ,york and ,albany and on ,long ,island4 ,the famous siege of ,lady ,moody's house at ,gravesend and its defense by forty ,englishmen is also of interest4 ,discuss the topic3 ,what did the ,dutch settlers give to the ,american people8 ,compare them with the ,southern and ,new ,england colonists1 showing that they gave substantial virtues but lacked the love of beauty shown by the ,virginians and the idealism of the ,puritans4 ,read ,the ,dutchman's ,fireside1 by ,j4 ,k4 ,paulding 7,scribner71 ,free to ,serve1 by ,emma ,rayner 7,the ,page ,company71 ,the ,begum's ,daughter1 by ,e4 ,l4 ,bynner 7,houghton ,mifflin ,co471 and ,the ,bow of ,orange ,ribbon1 by ,amelia ,e4 ,barr 7,dodd1 ,mead ,co474 ,,vii--,,new ,,jersey ,,and ,,delaware ,the early history of ,new ,jersey is closely connected with that of ,new ,amsterdam4 ,it was settled by the ,dutch2 after the coming of the ,english1 however1 the land was given by the ,crown to the ,carterets1 and as they were from the ,island of ,jersey ,french settlers came over with them4 ,the ,dutch1 a handful of ,puritans1 and some ,swedes who had settled inland1 soon began to quarrel among themselves4 ,major ,edmund ,andros1 the governor of ,new ,york1 jealous of the growing power of his neighbors1 kidnapped the governor of ,new ,jersey and made him a prisoner4 ,read the story of his trial and return4 ,turn next to that part of ,jersey on the edge of ,delaware and notice how it was bought and settled by ,quakers4 ,have a sketch of ,fenwick1 the pioneer1 and of the coming of new colonists1 the influence of ,penn on the government1 and how the two parts of ,jersey were taken under the ,crown and governors sent from ,england1 who ruled with uncertain success4 ,note the founding of ,princeton ,college later1 and the growth of the colony in prosperity4 ,delaware was coveted by three nations3 the ,dutch claimed it1 the ,swedes acquired it1 and the ,english were given it4 ,one paper may tell of ,minuit and his rule1 and another take up the invasion of ,peter ,stuyvesant1 the fall of the fort1 and the surrender of the ,swedes4 ,then came ten years of ,dutch rule1 which is an interesting chapter of history1 for the colony came into collision with ,maryland4 ,from this point on there is constant bickering and struggle until the coming of the ,english4 ,read of ,lovelace and his famous house1 and the story of ,jacobson and how1 later1 the ,english almost effaced the ,dutch in ,delaware1 changing even the names of the towns to ,english4 ,read ,in ,castle and ,colony1 by ,emma ,rayner 7,stone1 ,chicago74 ,,viii--,,pennsylvania ,the story of the settlement of ,pennsylvania by ,william ,penn and his ,quaker friends is familiar to every one4 ,aided by money given by the ,king and welcomed by the ,dutch1 who had many settlements1 he established himself on fifty thousand acres of land1 and sent word to those in ,england to come to him4 ,the ,assembly soon met1 and the remarkable document known as the ,great ,law of ,pennsylvania was drawn up2 clubs should read the substance of this4 ,the ,mennonites1 a religious sect from ,germany1 soon settled in the colony and greatly influenced its future1 as did the ,germans who came later from the ,palatinate1 an industrious1 frugal people1 who printed the first ,bible in ,america and first protested against slavery4 ,read from ,the ,germans in ,colonial ,times1 by ,lucy ,f4 ,bittinger 7,lippincott74 ,,chapter ,,iv ,,some ,,poets ,,of ,,to-,,day ,our day is a time when more good verse is being written than ever before1 much of it in our own country4 ,the yearly output in ,english alone is enormous1 and much of it is so strong1 so original1 that club women should certainly familiarize themselves with it4 ,to study the subject intelligently there may be a preliminary course on modern poetry and its criticism1 using these books1 in part or whole3 ,studies in ,poetry and ,criticism1 by ,arthur ,symons 7,bell71 ,an ,introduction to ,poetry1 by ,r4 ,m4 ,alden 7,henry ,holt ,co471 ,the ,enjoyment of ,poetry1 by ,max ,eastman 7,scribner71 and ,lectures on ,poetry1 by ,a4 ,c4 ,bradley 7,macmillan74 ,as the modern poets are studied1 have plenty of illustrative readings from the works of each one4 ,selections will be found in ,poets of the ,younger ,generation1 by ,william ,archer 7,john ,lane ,co471 and two volumes edited by ,jessie ,belle ,rittenhouse1 ,the ,younger ,american ,poets 7,little1 ,brown ,co47 and ,the ,little ,book of ,modern ,verse 7,houghton ,mifflin74 ,also ,the ,lyric ,year1 edited by ,ferdinand ,earle 7,mitchell ,kennerley71 will be found helpful4 ,there are three magazines which constantly present the best new work of our poets1 ,poet ,lore1 ,poetry1 and ,the ,poetry ,journal4 ,it is of course extremely difficult to classify the writings of poets1 because few devote themselves to one style of verse alone4 ,the writer of dramatic poetry will sometimes write lyrics1 and the author of philosophical verse will write poems about nature4 ,but for this study the principal work of each poet has been selected1 with references to what else has been done by him4 ,i--,,introductory ,before beginning with the regular program for the year clubs should devote one or two meetings1 as has been suggested1 to the study of poetry as a whole4 ,then there should follow two more on the history of poetry1 showing that all early national expression takes this form2 illustrate with readings from the ,vedic ,hymns 7translated in ,warner's ,library of the ,world's ,best ,literature71 and the ,song of ,miriam from the ,hebrew1 in the ,bible4 ,have papers on the great epics1 also1 with readings from the ,iliad1 the ,odyssey1 the ,a,eneid1 the ,nibelungenlied1 the ,divine ,comedy1 the ,arthurian cycle and ,paradise ,lost4 ,turning then to the poetry of to-day1 notice that its spirit is something quite new4 ,it is individual4 ,it aims at truth and realism4 ,in much of it there is a great moral purpose--the passion for justice4 ,the form of modern poetry is also largely new4 ,rhymed monologues1 long narratives1 and especially dramatic poems are frequent4 ,read to illustrate this1 ,the ,new ,poetry1 by ,james ,oppenheim1 in ,volume #bb of ,poet ,lore4 ,following this1 take up in several meetings the topic of dramatic poetry4 ,,ii--,,dramatic ,,poetry ,an early meeting should study the comparison of poetry and prose in plays1 and the question1 ,is poetry acceptable on the stage8 ,what are its limitations8 ,there should also be a paper on the versified plays of to-day as contrasted with those of two centuries ago4 ,following these may be a study of several dramatic poets of to-day4 ,percy ,mackaye has some strong work3 ,fenris the ,wolf1 ,jeanne d',arc1 ,the ,canterbury ,pilgrims1 and ,the ,scarecrow are all worth reading4 ,present selections from each4 ,stephen ,phillips1 an ,englishman1 has some splendid1 vital dramas4 ,his best is ,paolo and ,francesca1 but both ,herod and ,ulysses are to be studied4 ,read from all three4 ,his experience as an actor has made his plays especially suited to the stage4 ,richard ,hovey has chosen the ,arthurian cycle as his inspiration1 and presents the mediaeval spirit with unusual faithfulness2 he keeps nearer to ,mallory than ,tennyson did4 ,read ,the ,quest of ,merlin1 and ,the ,marriage of ,guenever4 ,among women poets ,sara ,king ,wiley has two dramatic poems of note1 ,alcestis1 and ,the ,coming of ,philibert4 ,josephine ,preston ,peabody 7,mrs4 ,marks7 took the ,shakespearean prize for ,the ,piper1 which was performed at ,stratford4 ,lately she has written another drama1 ,the ,singing ,man1 full of beauty4 ,read from this1 and also from her short poems4 ,,iii--,,poems ,,with ,,classical ,,and ,,romantic ,,themes ,among the poets of the last generation ,keats1 ,shelley1 ,browning and ,swinburne chose classical themes1 and ,byron and ,tennyson took romantic4 ,have a paper pointing out this fact4 ,read from their poems and compare them with those of the poets of the younger set who took the same themes4 ,laurence ,binyon1 an ,englishman like ,phillips1 has written ,persephone and ,porphyrin with the classic theme1 and ,tintagel with the romantic4 ,rhys ,carpenter1 one of the youngest ,american writers1 has ,the ,tragedy of ,etarre1 founded on the ,arthurian legend4 ,helen ,coale ,crewe has written ,a,egean ,echoes1 and ,martha ,j4 ,kidder ,a,eonian ,echoes1 both full of beauty and promise4 ,read from these4 ,a concluding paper might inquire1 ,what is it in these two themes which has always attracted the poets8 ,,iv--,,poems ,,of ,,protest ,under this title may be found the work of many of the young poets of to-day4 ,they show sympathy with the workingman1 revolt against tyranny and tenderness for suffering4 ,they champion labor and demand the betterment of conditions4 ,this is the new note1 as it is called1 and is of immense importance4 ,clubs should put special study upon it1 following it out in the different poems4 ,john ,masefield1 of ,england1 one of the most conspicuous writers of our time1 voices the protest strongly4 ,his style is often that of the monologue or narrative1 and while sometimes it is merely rhymed prose1 at other times it is vigorous1 picturesque and vivid4 ,read ,the ,widow of ,bye ,street1 and ,the ,everlasting ,mercy4 ,note also his ,daffodil ,fields1 which is quite different from these and full of peculiar beauty4 ,wilfred ,wilson ,gibson is another poet with a passion for justice4 ,his dramatic monologues are terse1 simple1 direct4 ,read from ,daily ,bread1 and ,fires4 ,a third poet1 ,robert ,haven ,schauffler1 takes also the poor for his subject4 ,his ,scum o' the ,earth is a touching picture4 ,charles ,edward ,russell in his ,songs of ,democracy strikes the same note2 read his ,essex ,street4 ,edwin ,markham1 though not among the younger poets1 had much the same theme in his earlier ,man with the ,hoe1 which may be recalled4 ,william ,watson1 after writing for years finished1 contemplative verse1 suddenly1 in direct contrast to his other work1 wrote ,the ,year of ,shame1 amazing ,england with his demand for justice to ,armenia and ,greece4 ,read ,how ,weary ,are ,our ,hearts4 ,close this part of the study with brief readings from ,john ,galsworthy's ,moods1 ,songs and ,doggerels1 which present1 again1 sympathy for the oppressed4 ,v--,,philosophical ,,and ,,mystical ,,poems ,among the many who write this serious and uplifting form of verse may be named ,george ,santayana1 who1 in his sonnets1 and ,the ,hermit of ,carmel1 studies the philosophy of life4 ,he has no eye for nature1 as most poets have1 but always takes up the abstract theme4 ,alice ,meynell1 an ,englishwoman1 has several volumes of finished verse with the mark of literary distinction4 ,the devout spirit is noticeable in her work4 ,read ,in ,early ,spring1 and ,regrets4 ,anna ,hempstead ,branch1 author of many beautiful short poems and several brief dramas1 is strongest in ,nimrod1 a long philosophical poem4 ,in this1 as in her other writing1 the sense of the mystical is marked4 ,soldiers of the ,light1 by ,helen ,gray ,cone1 is remarkable for its artistic1 subtle yet uplifting feeling4 ,louise ,imogen ,guiney1 who has been writing for many years1 has some recent verse that is of even more than its usual spirituality2 read ,the ,white ,sail1 and ,tryste ,noel4 ,read also from the poems of ,rosamund ,marriott ,watson1 ,edwin ,arlington ,robinson1 and ,agnes ,lee1 as well as the lovely verse of ,alice ,brown4 ,,vi--,,lyrics ,,and ,,poems ,,of ,,nature ,this is one of the divisions which covers an immense field4 ,among the many writers who might be chosen for study is ,alfred ,noyes1 the young ,englishman who is so often compared with ,tennyson4 ,he writes spontaneous1 optimistic verse4 ,he loves sunshine and green fields and children2 he is sometimes dramatic1 sometimes playful1 but always graceful4 ,the ,barrel ,organ and ,forty ,singing ,seamen are among his finest lyrics1 but ,the ,flower of ,old ,japan is also noteworthy4 ,study the other work of ,noyes1 especially his drama1 ,drake4 ,john ,vance ,cheney has many lovely lyrics1 as have ,william ,vaughan ,moody1 ,bliss ,carman1 ,clinton ,scollard1 ,lizette ,reese1 ,edith ,thomas1 and a long list of others4 ,read several of each from the books of ,miss ,rittenhouse4 ,madison ,cawein writes of nature always with the same touch of freshness4 ,he idealizes everyday things1 fields1 grass1 and flowers2 he has what has been called the romantic love of out-of-doors4 ,sometimes he strikes a more vigorous tone1 as in his ,prayer for ,old ,age4 ,read this1 and ,the ,wild ,iris4 ,arthur ,upson has a style peculiar for its dreamy beauty and exquisite finish4 ,his ,octaves in an ,oxford ,garden shows him at his best4 ,westwind ,songs is also full of delicacy and grace4 ,his last work1 a drama called ,the ,city1 has these same qualities4 ,charles ,g4 ,d4 ,roberts has1 among many other things1 a collection of verse called ,the ,book of the ,native1 with descriptive poems of ,canadian forests4 ,his ,afoot and ,the ,recessional are especially charming4 ,richard ,burton's ,dumb in ,june and his later ,quest of ,summer are both full of poetic insight and beautiful expression4 ,these1 with his ,lyrics of ,brotherhood1 are all well worth study4 ,see ,poems1 by ,c4 ,g4 ,d4 ,roberts 7,the ,page ,company71 and ,pipes of ,pan1 by ,bliss ,carman 7,the ,page ,company74 ,,vii--,,dialect ,,and ,,humorous ,,poetry ,kipling made a place for himself when he wrote ,barrack-,room ,ballads2 the reproduction of the cockney dialect has never been so well done and their humor is inimitable4 ,read several4 ,in ,america to-day we have a poet who also does pioneer work--,thomas ,a4 ,daly4 ,in his ,madrigali and ,canzoni he has used the ,italian-,american dialect of the streets with a result that is amusing as well as charming4 ,gertrude ,litchfield1 too1 has found something new in the dialect spoken by the ,french ,canadians in the northern ,new ,england towns4 ,she has written quaintly humorous verses about children4 ,read ,les ,enfants1 ,de ,circus1 and ,the ,spirit of ,christmas4 ,robert ,h4 ,carr has a little volume called ,cow ,boy ,lyrics1 which perpetuate the fast-passing men of the plains4 ,after reading from these1 contrast the verses of ,james ,whitcomb ,riley with them4 ,note also among writers of humorous verse ,carolyn ,wells1 ,oliver ,herford and ,gelett ,burgess4 ,,viii--,,celtic ,,poetry ,ireland has always been the home of romance1 and recently it has had a strikingly interesting revival of poetry4 ,william ,butler ,yeats1 originally an artist1 has a mystical element in his verse which gives it a sort of unearthly quality4 ,his leading narrative poem is ,the ,wanderings of ,oisin4 ,baile and ,ailinn is a lover's tale4 ,the ,fiddler of ,dooney is a simple country story4 ,his work has been called dream drenched4 ,make a special study of his play1 ,land of the ,heart's ,desire4 ,george ,w4 ,russell writes verse with much of the same wistful nature as that of ,yeats4 ,homeward ,songs by the ,way1 and ,the ,divine ,vision are two of his volumes4 ,study also the work of ,lady ,gregory4 ,though best known as a playwright she has written interesting verse4 ,one paper may compare the ,celtic verse of to-day with that of the writers of mystical verse in ,england and ,america1 especially that of ,louise ,imogen ,guiney1 and discuss their difference4 ,,ix--,,poetical ,,plays ,there are many little plays written to-day in the form of verse1 all lovely1 poetic in feeling and style1 and many of them of great charm4 ,among others are ,the ,rose of the ,wind1 and ,the ,shoes ,that ,danced1 by ,anna ,hempstead ,branch2 ,the ,butterfly1 and ,two in ,arcadia by ,lucine ,finch2 four plays called ,the ,shadow ,garden1 by ,madison ,cawein2 and ,el ,dorado1 by ,ridgely ,torrance4 ,in addition to the study of all these modern poets1 clubs should look up the work of ,rabindranath ,tagore1 the ,hindu poet who recently took the ,nobel prize for literature2 his latest poems 7translated7 are1 ,the ,crescent ,moon and ,the ,gardener4 ,robert ,bridges1 the present poet-laureate1 also deserves especial mention4 ,,chapter ,v ,,the ,,world',s ,,islands ,there is no subject for clubs more interesting than that of ,islands1 and none broader in scope2 each island or group suggests the study of geology1 botany1 language1 customs1 religions1 and1 above all1 history and literature4 ,the encyclopedias1 books of travel and current magazines1 especially the ,national ,geographic ,magazine1 will furnish abundant material for papers4 ,i--,,grecian ,,islands ,the islands which cluster about the coast of ,greece are the most important in history4 ,some are famous for their art treasures1 others have been the birthplace of great poets1 others still are associated with legendary heroes and gods4 ,the literature1 art1 and history of the two groups of the ,a,egean and ,ionian ,islands offer study for many months4 ,among the many which might be suggested1 these should be given special attention3 ,a,egina1 famous for its sculptures2 ,delos1 the ,holy ,isle1 birthplace of ,apollo and ,artemis1 with the ,temple of ,apollo2 ,lesbos1 the birthplace of ,sappho2 ,corfu1 for its varied history2 ,ceos1 the home of two great poets2 ,samos with its ,temple of ,hera1 and ,ithaca1 the home of ,ulysses4 ,add to this list ,melos1 ,patmos1 ,rhodes1 ,lemnos1 and ,naxos1 each remarkable for something4 ,in preparing programs have brief readings on each island1 either from history or ,english poetry1 or translations from the ,greek4 ,longfellow's ,poems of ,places has poems on many of the islands2 the ,odyssey gives many stories1 notably that of ,nausicaa1 which is laid at ,corfu2 ,samuel ,j4 ,barrows has a charming book1 ,isles and ,shrines of ,greece 7,little74 ,translations of some of ,sappho's poems are easily found4 ,the islands of ,crete and ,cyprus should have a special meeting to themselves1 with emphasis laid on archaeological discoveries4 ,their history is closely connected with that of ,greece1 though to-day they are both under other than ,greek rule4 ,,ii--,,mediterranean ,,islands ,three great islands lie close to ,italy and are connected with its history4 ,the first is ,corsica4 ,it has a stirring story1 especially of the time when it belonged to ,genoa1 when the great ,genoese ,towers1 still standing1 were built to protect it against the ,saracens4 ,the fact that ,napoleon was a ,corsican should be mentioned4 ,some account of the vendetta should not be omitted and illustrations from ,prosper ,merimee's ,colomba may be read aloud4 ,sardinia1 lying close to ,corsica1 is sometimes significantly called the ,backward ,island4 ,one point for its study is the feudal system1 which continued there until the middle of the nineteenth century1 and another the brigandage for which it has been known for ages4 ,see ,the ,forgotten ,isles1 by ,vuillier1 translated by ,frederic ,breton 7,appleton74 ,the history of ,sicily is worth some months of study1 for it opens the story of the wars of ,rome with ,carthage4 ,consider the varied experience of the city of ,syracuse1 the prosperity and political importance of ,sicily in the ,middle ,ages1 the coming of ,victor ,emmanuel and ,garibaldi1 in later years4 ,last1 note the impoverished condition of the country to-day4 ,read from ,sicily1 in the ,story of the ,nations series 7,putnam71 and some translations from ,thucydides and ,theocritus4 ,malta1 a possession of ,great ,britain1 is of interest especially in connection with the ,knights of ,saint ,john4 ,minorca may be looked up also for a special paper4 ,see ,sicily1 the ,garden of the ,mediterranean1 by ,w4 ,s4 ,monroe 7,the ,page ,company74 ,,iii--,,the ,,islands ,,near ,,scotland ,,and ,,england ,the wild1 mountainous islands of ,scotland are peopled with fishing folk whose language is still mostly ,gaelic and whose customs are singularly primitive4 ,read ,a ,daughter of ,fife1 by ,amelia ,e4 ,barr1 to show their strong character4 ,the ,hebrides1 lower down on the west coast1 are wonderfully picturesque4 ,read ,william ,black's ,a ,princess of ,thule4 ,mull is remarkable for its beauty and for its ,gaelic population and traditions4 ,iona1 a tiny island with a most important early ,christian history1 has a ruined cathedral and graveyard containing many striking and very ancient ,celtic crosses4 ,staffa1 near by1 has a famous basaltic formation and cave4 ,most of ,england's islands are not grouped but stand singly4 ,the ,isle of ,man1 off the west coast1 is a somewhat wild place4 ,read ,hall ,caine's ,the ,deemster1 to learn of its people4 ,the ,isle of ,wight1 on the south1 is a garden spot4 ,note the famous places and people connected with them and show pictures of ,osborne ,house and ,tennyson's home4 ,the ,scilly ,islands have a romantic past1 partly legendary2 see ,besant's ,armorel of ,lyonesse4 ,the ,channel ,islands1 a group1 are foreign1 quaint1 wild1 and beautiful4 ,their history is fascinating and they have been the home of political refugees almost to the present day4 ,read ,the ,channel ,islands1 by ,j4 ,e4 ,morris 7,macmillan ,co471 and ,toilers of the ,sea1 by ,victor ,hugo4 ,,iv--,,islands ,,near ,,africa ,off the west coast of ,africa are a few well-known islands4 ,toward the north lies ,madeira1 long famous for its wine2 to-day it is being developed into a highly successful market garden1 supplying ,england with fruits and vegetables4 ,its picturesque population and the old city of ,funchal are charming4 ,see ,the ,story of ,madeira1 by ,d4 ,dimmit 7,the ,methodist ,book ,concern74 ,just below this lie the volcanic islands known as the ,canaries1 which are thought to be the ,fortunate ,isles of antiquity4 ,strangely enough1 they seem to have dropped out of history for a time1 and were rediscovered in the fourteenth century4 ,to-day they belong to ,spain4 ,show a picture of the ,peak of ,teneriffe4 ,the ,cape ,verde ,islands deserve a passing glance1 largely because ,darwin1 in his ,volcanic ,islands1 makes them interesting4 ,just below these lies ,st4 ,helena1 the prison of ,napoleon1 which should have a separate paper4 ,read from the ,life of ,napoleon1 by ,sir ,walter ,scott4 ,on the opposite coast lies ,madagascar1 mentioned long ago by ,ptolemy4 ,it remained a wild1 uncivilized place until a century ago1 when it came into touch with trade2 since that time it has had a dramatic story4 ,see ,madagascar and ,its ,people1 by ,james ,sibree1 and ,thirty ,years in ,madagascar1 by ,t4 ,t4 ,matthews 7,doran74 ,near by lies ,mauritius1 the ,ile de ,france1 settled long ago by good ,french families and well known in modern history4 ,the story of ,paul and ,virginia1 by ,saint ,pierre1 is laid here1 and also that of ,my ,little ,girl1 by ,besant and ,rice4 ,read both of these4 ,v--,,oceanica ,the islands of the ,pacific are so numerous1 so important1 and so immensely interesting that clubs can well afford to spend months in studying them4 ,the best plan is to take the map and divide the islands into groups4 ,take first the lovely ,sandwich or ,hawaiian ,islands1 twelve in all4 ,one paper should treat of their natural features1 especially the famous volcanoes4 ,another may take up the early history1 speaking of the fact that the people voluntarily abandoned idolatry as absurd and were without religion for years1 when they asked that help along this line should be sent to them4 ,the story of the coming of the first missionaries and their work is remarkable4 ,a third paper may be on the visit of the native king and queen to ,england1 a fourth may deal with the leper colony at ,molokai1 and a fifth may describe the establishment of the republic1 and1 later1 its annexation to the ,united ,states4 ,following westward on the map1 the ,caroline ,islands and the ,ladrones should be studied2 ,guam1 of the latter group1 is now a possession of the ,united ,states4 ,several meetings should be given to the ,philippine ,islands1 which come next4 ,papers may be written on some of these topics1 among many that might be suggested3 description of the islands2 the early history2 the condition under ,spain2 the uprising of #ahif2 the physician1 poet and reformer ,rizal2 the people to-day1 their habits and customs2 the establishment of a ,united ,states ,commission and the work of the various bureaus1 especially that of education4 ,a discussion may follow3 ,should the ,philippines be made self-governing8 ,read ,the ,philippine ,islands1 by ,f4 ,w4 ,atkinson 7,ginn74 ,,vi--,,borneo1 ,,sumatra1 ,,java ,,and ,,others ,contrasted with these islands lie another group of three--,borneo1 ,sumatra1 and ,java4 ,the first two have wonderful fauna and flora1 hundreds of varieties of native woods and great natural resources1 yet are in a singularly backward condition4 ,read ,seventeen ,years ,among the ,sea ,dyaks of ,borneo1 by ,e4 ,h4 ,gomes 7,lippincott74 ,see also many recent magazine articles4 ,java1 lying close to this1 is wholly different4 ,it belongs to ,holland and is the important colony of the ,dutch4 ,its early history is interesting and the remains of its primitive civilization are being unearthed4 ,read from ,java1 ,sumatra1 and ,other ,islands1 by ,a4 ,cabaton 7,scribner74 ,have one entire meeting given to the beautiful island of ,ceylon1 before turning south4 ,new ,guinea is near ,australia and closely resembles it in striking physical peculiarities4 ,it is but slightly settled1 and the ,dutch and ,english divide its ownership2 the latter have found it rich in resources and are making it commercially profitable4 ,several small groups of islands to the east may be studied next4 ,the ,fiji ,islands were long known as the home of cannibals1 and their turning toward civilization makes an interesting study4 ,the ,friendly ,islands1 or ,tonga group1 lie farther south and east2 they were inhabited by a wild and cruel people1 now changed into a fairly civilized and educated little nation1 with churches and schools2 many of the people speak ,english4 ,the ,society ,islands are still farther west4 ,the scenery here is magnificent1 with coral formations and atolls1 tropical foliage1 and great waterfalls2 this is called the ,garden of the ,pacific4 ,the ,new ,hebrides have a special interest from the work of ,john ,g4 ,paton4 ,read his life by his son 7,doran74 ,close to these last groups lies ,samoa1 beloved of ,stevenson4 ,clubs should read of it from his books4 ,see ,in the ,south ,seas1 and his ,letters4 ,,vii--,,tasmania ,,and ,,new ,,zealand ,of the three islands near the southern end of ,australia1 ,tasmania1 close to the larger country1 is as large as ,scotland4 ,it was for years one of ,england's penal colonies1 but to-day it stands for everything that is advanced and enlightened2 its school system is remarkable and its commerce highly developed4 ,it is practically the home of a part of the ,english people4 ,just beyond it lie the two islands that form ,new ,zealand1 which1 from the point of view of sociology1 is one of the world's places of mark4 ,read ,new ,zealand at ,home1 by ,b4 ,a4 ,loughnan 7,newnes1 ,london71 and ,new ,zealand in ,evolution1 by ,g4 ,h4 ,scholefield 7,scribner72 also magazine articles4 ,,viii--,,japanese ,,islands ,japan1 one of the foremost powers of the world to-day1 is confined geographically to four principal islands1 with hundreds of smaller ones grouped around these4 ,at least four meetings should be given to its study4 ,the first may have a program on the physical features of ,japan1 its resources1 its people2 a description of the peasants1 their homes and work2 the cities1 their houses1 temples1 and shops1 with pictures of interest4 ,the second may present the early history of ,japan2 its feudal system1 its religions1 its varied government1 down to the opening of the country in #ahec4 ,the third and fourth may study the development of the country under foreign ideas2 the growth of the army and navy1 the establishment of schools1 the court life1 the extension of commerce1 the press1 the new standards of government4 ,these should be followed by papers or talks on the late wars with ,china and ,russia and their effects4 ,other meetings should be on ,japanese architecture and art and on the different phases of the subject3 ,the ,japanese in ,america4 ,read from ,japan1 by ,lafcadio ,hearn 7,macmillan ,co471 ,japanese ,life in ,town and ,country1 by ,george ,william ,knox 7,putnam71 and ,the ,lady of the ,decoration1 and ,the ,lady and ,sada ,san1 by ,frances ,little 7,century ,company74 ,,ix--,,west ,,indian ,,archipelago ,in studying the ,west ,indies it is necessary to use a map at each meeting to keep clearly in mind the location of islands3 the ,bahamas1 the ,greater and ,lesser ,antilles1 and the ,caribbean or ,leeward and ,windward ,islands4 ,a brief study of ,columbus should introduce the whole series4 ,follow with the story of the ,spanish possession1 and then take the coming of the ,english and the ,dutch1 their colonies1 growth of power1 and the wars which ensued4 ,this will bring in the romantic stories of the buccaneers2 read of the extraordinary careers of ,captain ,henry ,morgan1 the notorious ,blackbeard1 and ,captain ,kidd1 and have chapters from novels treating of that time1 such as ,charles ,kingsley's ,westward ,ho6 and ,to ,have and ,to ,hold1 by ,mary ,johnston4 ,give the story of each important island3 ,jamaica1 ,santa ,cruz1 the two little republics of ,haiti and ,santo ,domingo1 ,barbados1 and ,martinique1 the last the birthplace of the ,empress ,josephine4 ,the topic of slavery should have one paper4 ,read from the life of ,william ,wilberforce4 ,take next ,cuba and ,porto ,rico4 ,study the war between ,spain and the ,united ,states1 and follow with the conditions to-day4 ,read from ,the ,west ,indies1 in the ,story of the ,nations series 7,putnam72 ,the ,english in the ,west ,indies1 by ,j4 ,a4 ,froude 7,longmans72 and ,on the ,spanish ,main1 by ,john ,masefield 7,macmillan74 ,x--,,bermuda ,,and ,,the ,,azores ,north of the ,west ,indies lies a group of islands famous for their beauty--the ,bermudas4 ,here ,shakespeare placed the scene of ,the ,tempest4 ,the ,english own the islands and maintain a military station there4 ,read from ,the ,tempest4 ,follow with a paper on the ,azores1 in mid-,atlantic4 ,circling the ,north ,american ,continent1 clubs will find several separate islands full of interest4 ,little ,staten ,island1 in ,new ,york ,harbor1 and ,long ,island are closely connected with our history4 ,cape ,breton ,island1 on the northern coast of ,nova ,scotia1 holds the old stronghold of ,louisburg1 and the beauty of the ,bras d',or ,lakes is worthy of note4 ,read ,baddeck and that ,sort of ,thing1 by ,charles ,dudley ,warner 7,houghton ,mifflin ,co474 ,newfoundland1 rugged and lonely1 lies beyond4 ,in spite of its great fisheries on the ,banks1 its people are poor4 ,read of the work of ,grenfell among them4 ,the ,arctic islands farther north present little to study1 if we except ,iceland1 well to the northeast4 ,this is truly a wonderful little place1 and clubs should give it one meeting4 ,its relation to literature is important4 ,read the little classic1 ,an ,iceland ,fisherman1 by ,pierre ,loti 7,mc,clurg71 and ,bound ,about the ,north ,pole1 by ,w4 ,j4 ,gordon 7,dutton74 ,crossing to the west coast of ,british ,columbia one meeting might be given to the ,alaskan ,island of ,saint ,lawrence and others of the ,aleutian group2 then1 coming down the coast1 ,queen ,charlotte's ,island and ,vancouver should be noted briefly4 ,on the west coast of ,south ,america is the little island of ,juan ,fernandez1 on which the sailor ,alexander ,selkirk spent five years alone1 whose story suggested to ,defoe his ,robinson ,crusoe4 ,just around ,cape ,horn lies the strange1 wild land of ,tierra del ,fuego1 of which little is known4 ,darwin1 however1 wrote of it in his ,voyage of a ,naturalist1 and scientists find in it much of interest4 ,,chapter ,,vi ,,the ,,business ,,of ,,being ,a ,,housekeeper ,the following topics have been arranged in ten groups1 but as many more may be added by dividing each main group into two1 or even three or four4 ,there may be readings at each meeting from the books given for reference1 and discussion by club members4 ,i--,,introductory ,the subject for the first meeting may be the ,old ,housekeeping and the ,new4 ,one paper may take the comparison of housekeeping twenty years ago and more and that of to-day4 ,is there a real difference1 or only a seeming one6 ,are rents1 food1 and clothing actually higher for the same things1 or does life to-day demand that we add to what we then had8 ,assuming that prices have really gone up1 and are to stay there1 what can women do to adjust themselves to the fact8 ,the second paper should speak of the necessity of a woman's knowing exactly what she can have to spend2 of knowledge of her husband's business2 of an allowance2 of the need of training in keeping within a fixed sum4 ,the third paper is to be on the budget4 ,that is1 on preparing a list of expenses1 setting them down in a book1 apportioning the income among the items1 and then putting down each day and month the actual outgo1 and so1 year by year1 altering and arranging the expenses to meet the income4 ,the discussion should take the form of personal experiences in keeping household accounts4 ,,ii--,,systematic ,,housekeeping ,the introductory paper on this subject may speak of the complex way in which our houses are furnished1 and the superfluity of things in them4 ,also the fact that the day's work of caring for them is not always clearly defined and carried out4 ,the second paper may treat of the relief of a weekly schedule of work to be done4 ,the third paper may take the topic of the conservation of a woman's energy1 and the carelessness with which she runs up and down stairs and does unnecessary and foolish things4 ,mention here the help to be found in vacuum cleaners1 modern dusters1 carpet sweepers1 and other housekeeping helps4 ,discuss the question3 ,how shall we make our brains save our bodies8 ,,iii--,,economy ,,in ,,food ,by way of opening the meeting a brief paper may be read on ,what ,is ,true ,economy8 ,this will point out the fallacy of buying poor foods because they are cheap1 wilted vegetables1 stale cereals1 inferior canned goods1 and the like4 ,this may be followed by one on the question of buying4 ,where shall a housekeeper buy--at a large market or a small one8 ,how can one learn how to buy good and still cheap meats8 ,how can one do with less meat8 ,and is buying in large quantities a good plan8 ,the third paper may take up markets1 their cleanliness2 the housewives' leagues of certain cities and their work2 what can country women do whose market is limited8 ,the last paper should speak of the necessity of personal supervision by the housekeeper2 of the imprudence of ordering by telephone1 and of the system of giving orders at the door to the grocer4 ,the discussion may turn on the question of paying cash for everything or charging4 ,,iv--,,cooking ,a good beginning is a review of the cooking of our grandmothers1 cooking in various parts of the country1 and cooking in foreign lands4 ,scientific cooking is1 first1 a knowledge of food values1 but it also includes the art of cooking1 and both may be presented4 ,show how an expert cook will use whatever materials she has at hand and will avoid the use of costly ingredients4 ,a good topic here is1 ,how shall we have variety without increasing the expense8 ,the kitchen as a workshop is the subject of the next paper4 ,make it plain that one needs a clean1 sanitary room1 with everything to work with2 suggest new utensils1 fireless cookers1 and so on1 and describe the ideal kitchen4 ,close with a discussion on the point3 ,how can a woman learn to be a good cook8 ,mention cooking schools1 demonstrations and lectures1 the study of magazine articles and the pamphlets sent out by the ,department of ,agriculture4 ,clubs might form cooking classes as an outcome of this meeting4 ,v--,,the ,,laundry ,this topic may be arranged in two parts3 the work done at home and the work sent out4 ,under the first speak of the former methods and how washing and ironing days were dreaded1 and the old difficult ways of working4 ,the second paper will take the new ideas1 and mention running water1 stationary tubs1 washing machines1 mangles1 gas stoves1 modern flat-irons1 and other appliances for the laundry4 ,speak of the economy of buying soap1 starch1 and bluing at wholesale4 ,at this meeting members may bring in illustrations from catalogues of anything they have seen which promises to help in doing laundry work at home4 ,the other part of the program would naturally take up the larger aspects of the question4 ,have a paper on public laundries3 ,are they sanitary8 ,is it economical to have shirts done up there rather than at home8 ,describe the methods of some large laundry4 ,the last paper would deal with the washerwoman at one's own home1 and at hers4 ,is it extravagant to hire a day's work when one could really do it one's self8 ,is it safe to send washing out to a home which may not be clean8 ,the discussion may be on the point3 ,how shall we reduce the size of the family wash8 ,are there short cuts in laundry work8 ,,vi--,,service ,service in the ,home is the general theme for the sixth club meeting4 ,as in other meetings1 it is well to begin with a paper on other days1 perhaps from ,colonial times down1 and to speak of the difference in servants in their social position then and now1 and the contrast in wages4 ,the second paper may mention the scarcity of servants to-day1 and the reasons why there are so few2 of the dissatisfaction with domestic service2 the rise in wages for untrained service2 of immigrants2 the foreign servants in the ,west and the negro in the ,south4 ,the third paper may be on employment bureaus1 references1 and the relation of one employer to another2 the relation of mistress and servant is most interesting4 ,speak of the question of the responsibility of a mistress for her maid's morals1 for one1 and the old and sick servant1 for another4 ,the last paper may be on the servantless home and how to manage it4 ,this will take up the division of work between parents and children1 the possibility of entertaining1 the advantages and disadvantages of doing one's own work1 and a statement of the saving of money by the plan4 ,contrast the loss of other things1 of time certainly1 and possibly of social life and physical strength4 ,discuss3 ,is it an extravagance or an economy to hire the hard work of the family8 ,,vii--,,clothing ,the first paper on this subject is to discuss the real and apparent difference in the cost of dressing a family a generation ago and now4 ,are materials more1 or less1 expensive8 ,is the cost in the making8 ,do we have too many clothes8 ,does not the trouble lie in the fact that we need so many different clothes1 thus increasing the size of the wardrobe1 rather than in the cost of each individual garment8 ,the following paper may be on shopping4 ,it should be very practical and suggest that shopping out of season is economical2 that too much shopping is extravagant in time and car fares2 that a bargain counter is seldom a good place to buy anything2 that good materials wear longer than poor ones4 ,the last paper may be on ready-made clothing4 ,how is it made so cheaply8 ,what of the conditions under which garments are made8 ,what of ordering by mail8 ,is the material of any ready-made garment really as good as it looks at first8 ,how does it wear as compared to that made elsewhere8 ,there should be an excellent discussion on this subject1 covering such things as3 ,home dressmaking2 does it pay8 ,is it an economy to take lessons in dressmaking and millinery8 ,is making-over always cheap8 ,does it pay to dye one's gowns8 ,how can we systematize the making of our wardrobes so that sewing shall occupy us only a small part of our time8 ,,viii--,,waste ,there may be at least three excellent papers on this subject2 the first one may be on waste of food3 ,why is ,america thought by other peoples to be so wasteful8 ,compare the economies in the kitchen with those in ,france4 ,the waste of not knowing how to cook is also a good topic1 and the waste of unconscious extravagance4 ,the patronage of the bakery and the delicatessen shop should also be mentioned1 and the waste of money involved4 ,the waste of time may be the title of the next paper1 illustrated especially in the kitchen in making fancy dishes or those which require hours of preparation2 the waste of time in doing unnecessary fancy-work and elaborate sewing4 ,note how all this waste of time means to many women the loss of hours to read4 ,the waste of woman's strength in doing work too heavy for her--lifting1 drawing water1 and performing other tasks should be especially spoken of in the next paper1 and the value of labor-saving devices1 of rest and recreation1 and of having some help in housework should be made clear4 ,the discussion should take up other wastes3 waste of fuel in furnace and in range2 waste of water1 of gas1 of kerosene2 of the wastefulness of destroying a good gown by doing cooking in it2 of little losses here and there in all departments of housekeeping4 ,,ix--,,false ,,economies ,this meeting should present the subject of unintelligent doing-without4 ,it should show how foolish it is to economize recklessly everywhere4 ,one paper may be on the table1 showing that unpalatable food is unwholesome2 one may be on entertaining1 expressing the need of having one's friends and one's children's friends in to meals2 one may be on doing without comforts of all kinds1 and making life merely hard and uninteresting4 ,all these should be very brief and balanced by others expressing the thought that education is a necessity1 and that so are some things to make life easy--a little service1 a little time1 and flowers and books or magazines4 ,discuss the whole subject of economy in the home and get suggestions from each member as to what she considers the best place to cut one's expenses4 ,x--,,what ,,is ,,home ,,for8 ,this is a fascinating subject and the first paper opens up a wide field2 it is on ,home as a ,business ,enterprise4 ,this will show that a home may be merely a school of economics1 with all the thought centered on that side of its life2 or it may be merely a savings bank1 with the idea of laying aside money back of everything4 ,or it may be an industrial institution with every one working all the time and no recreation or amusement permitted4 ,show the absurdity of these different positions4 ,the second paper may take up the trained housekeeper as manager of the home4 ,this may make it plain that if a woman understands her business she should run her house easily1 economically1 cheerfully1 socially4 ,in other words1 she will use her brains to make housekeeping intensely interesting and satisfactory4 ,the third paper should speak of comfort versus elegance in home life2 of the rarity of finding the two combined2 of furnishing a house simply yet artistically2 of entertaining within one's means2 of the appreciation of music and books as a necessary part of life2 of the ideal family life4 ,the discussion may take such lines as these3 ,what sacrifices to economy are worth while8 ,what luxuries are necessities8 ,is benevolence compatible with a small income8 ,is education to be regarded as an investment8 ,are our children growing up thinking that money is the principal thing in the minds of their parents8 ,if the year's work on domestic economy is to be a success1 it should have some practical outcome2 perhaps a study class may be organized to develop the ideas of home efficiency1 or there may be a reading club to present new ideas in books and magazines and discuss them1 or1 as has been suggested1 there may be a cooking class formed4 ,among the books to be consulted are3 ,increasing ,home ,efficiency1 by ,martha ,b4 ,bruere and ,robert ,w4 ,bruere 7,macmillan72 ,the ,modern ,household1 by ,marion ,talbot and ,s4 ,p4 ,breckinridge 7,whitcomb and ,barrows72 ,how to ,live on a ,small ,income1 by ,emma ,c4 ,hewitt 7,jacobs72 ,home ,problems from a ,new ,standpoint1 by ,c4 ,l4 ,hunt 7,whitcomb and ,barrows72 ,living on a ,little1 by ,c4 ,f4 ,benton 7,the ,page ,company72 ,the ,making of a ,housewife1 by ,i4 ,g4 ,curtis 7,stokes72 ,a ,handbook of ,hospitality for ,town and ,country1 by ,florence ,howe ,hall 7,the ,page ,company74 ,,chapter ,,vii ,a ,,study ,,of ,,songs ,a charming study1 not only for a musical club but also for any other1 is that of songs4 ,the field is practically limitless1 but by careful selection of a program which covers only a part much may be learned and enjoyed4 ,it is essential that the life and times of each composer should be studied1 and some of his songs sung4 ,later on1 various periods1 or certain themes1 may be illustrated by the songs of different composers4 ,perhaps for some of these records on a good phonograph may be used4 ,to introduce the subject have a paper on folk songs1 which in every nation precede what are known as art songs4 ,many of these folk songs have come down from very early times1 either just as they were or woven into art songs4 ,follow this with a second paper on the minnesingers and troubadours and their songs4 ,a third paper may speak of an interesting theme which may be called the local color of songs4 ,the ,laplander has his reindeer songs2 the ,alpine peasant1 his songs of the mountains1 with the yodel2 the ,russian has songs of the steppes2 the negro1 his plantation melodies2 the sailor1 his chanty2 the soldier1 his songs of battle and prison4 ,hunting songs1 love songs1 funeral dirges1 songs of nature1 of childhood1 of home1 of country1 all have a literature of their own4 ,one meeting may take up the subject of the first art songs--which originated about the time of the first operas and were part of them4 ,i--,,the ,,great ,,germans ,the lied1 or lyric song1 was practically invented in ,germany1 and by ,schubert1 the great master of lyric song1 though ,handel1 ,haydn1 ,gluck1 ,mozart1 and ,beethoven all wrote arias1 or songs1 of great beauty and importance4 ,illustrate by giving one or more songs from each4 ,the life of ,schubert and his genius should have at least one meeting devoted to them4 ,read the chapter in ,finck upon him4 ,notice what he accomplished in his thirty-one years4 ,beethoven said of him3 ,truly ,schubert has the divine spark4 ,his hundreds of songs are sweet and tender1 yet strong and noble4 ,sing ,the ,erl-,king1 written when he was only eighteen1 ,hark1 ,hark1 the ,lark2 ,death and the ,maiden2 ,who is ,sylvia8 and ,margaret at the ,spinning ,wheel4 ,mendelssohn's songs1 long admired1 are now considered rather mediocre with the exception of a few4 ,on the ,wings of the ,wind2 ,the ,volkslied2 ,the ,venetian ,gondolier1 and others1 are distinctly bright and sunny1 fresh and graceful4 ,schumann1 unlike ,schubert and ,mendelssohn1 wrote songs often sad and even gloomy1 but many of them1 especially in his song cycles1 are gems4 ,sing1 ,du bist wie eine ,blume2 and ,der ,nussbaum4 ,,ii--,,franz ,,and ,,grieg ,robert ,franz1 though totally deaf from early in life1 wrote songs which other musicians term immortal4 ,his work is strikingly original1 the accompaniment woven with the melody of the voice4 ,the simple old folk songs often suggested them and his style1 like that of ,wagner1 is often declamatory4 ,read his life1 and sing ,leise zieht durch mein ,gemueth2 ,bitte2 ,es ragt der alte ,eborus1 and1 ,im ,mai4 ,following the work of ,franz take up ,brahms1 ,jensen1 ,wagner1 and ,strauss1 and the many other ,german song writers4 ,grieg is called the king of ,scandinavian song writers4 ,his work is often half wild1 half melancholy1 but always original4 ,he followed the spirit of the folk songs of his country4 ,he is sometimes spoken of as the ,norwegian ,chopin and is also compared with our own ,mac,dowell4 ,sing1 ,the ,first ,primrose2 ,the ,minstrel's ,song1 and others4 ,,iii--,,slavic ,,composers ,hungary gave ,liszt to the world1 and his sixty songs are of exceeding value4 ,his music closely represents the words of his songs1 suggesting falling rain1 or sighing winds1 or even the hum of bees4 ,sing ,kennst du das ,land8 ,the ,lorelei2 ,king of ,thule2 ,wanderer's ,night ,song4 ,chopin1 born in ,poland1 wrote fresh1 charming little folk songs1 dramatic lyrics and romantic melodies4 ,the seventeen which we possess have an emotional range wider than that of any other composer's songs4 ,poland's ,dirge1 one of his most famous works1 is called the most funereal song in existence4 ,paderewski1 also a ,pole1 has only recently begun to write songs1 but those he has done are charming--quaint1 romantic and full of national color4 ,rubinstein belongs both to ,poland and ,russia1 but is chiefly identified with the latter country4 ,he wrote many songs1 not all of them works of genius1 but many most beautiful and strong4 ,see his cycle of ,persian ,poems2 ,the ,earth at ,rest2 ,good ,night4 ,tschaikowsky and ,dvorak have also written ,slavic music1 rather sad1 suggestive of folk songs and full of power4 ,see the former's ,none but a ,lonely ,heart1 and1 ,the ,czar's ,drinking-,house2 and the latter's ,gipsy ,songs4 ,,iv--,,france1 ,,italy ,,and ,,england ,france1 unlike ,germany1 has never had genuine art songs4 ,of chansons1 romances and other light songs there is an abundance1 but its serious work has been rather in the line of opera4 ,gounod1 however1 has many lovely things1 some of them popular3 ,oh1 ,that ,we ,two ,were ,maying2 ,maid of ,athens1 and others1 are well known4 ,delibes shows a distinct ,german influence in his song-writing4 ,nightingale1 and ,regrets1 have high merit4 ,godard has more than a hundred songs to his credit1 many delightful3 the ,arabian ,song2 ,farewell2 ,the ,traveler1 are among the best4 ,a ,french woman song writer1 ,mdlle4 ,chaminade1 is distinctly popular to-day1 but her work is not considered by critics to be strikingly original4 ,italy has never been interested in art song2 indeed1 except for the folk songs of the street1 there are few1 if any1 except such as are found imbedded in operas and are distinctly a part of them4 ,tosti1 to be sure1 has written many songs and so have other ,italian composers of our day1 but nothing which stands among the great lyric songs of the world4 ,in ,england the ballad is the musical form of the song1 and here this nation excels4 ,the ballads are strong1 sincere and beautiful4 ,clubs should have a number of meetings on the ballads of ,england1 ,scotland1 and ,ireland4 ,sullivan has written some lovely songs1 and so have ,goring ,thomas1 ,stanford1 and ,cowen4 ,there is a new ,english school of merit1 with fresh and original ideas4 ,sing ,thomas's ,spring ,is ,not ,dead and ,a ,summer ,night4 ,la ,belle ,dame ,sans ,merci1 by ,stanford1 is an excellent piece of work4 ,mackenzie has followed ,brahms more or less2 sing ,hope1 his best song4 ,v--,,american ,,songs ,until recently we in ,america1 like the ,english1 have written but few lyric songs4 ,but to-day we have a large number of such composers1 and there are those in other nations who think that the best work of our time is being done in this country4 ,prof4 ,john ,k4 ,paine has written only a few songs4 ,among them are3 ,moonlight1 and ,the ,matin ,song1 both charming4 ,arthur ,foote has written forty songs--among them1 ,on the ,way to ,kew1 and1 ,in ,picardie--and is sometimes compared with ,franz4 ,clayton ,johns has a hundred songs1 his ,winter ,journey being suggestive of ,russian music2 ,were ,i a ,prince ,egyptian1 is good4 ,reginald de ,koven is called the most popular of ,america's song writers2 his settings of verses by ,eugene ,field are familiar1 and his best known song1 ,oh1 ,promise ,me1 has had great popularity4 ,g4 ,w4 ,chadwick1 the director of the ,new ,england ,conservatory1 has written seventy-five songs1 some of them most original4 ,allah is the best known and probably his strongest2 but1 ,before the ,dawn2 ,bedouin ,love ,song2 and ,green ,grows the ,willow1 are also fine4 ,ethelbert ,nevin is a well-known and admired writer of lyrical songs4 ,walter ,damrosch1 ,horatio ,parker1 the late ,gerrit ,smith1 ,victor ,herbert1 and many others have been steadily turning out good work4 ,edward ,mac,dowell1 however1 is ,america's most distinguished song writer1 and his early death was lamented as a national calamity among music lovers4 ,like ,grieg in having a ,scotch strain in his blood1 his work also shows a certain resemblance to that of the ,norwegian4 ,his music is highly polished1 always interesting and never imitative4 ,two lovely settings of old words are noticeable3 ,ye ,banks and ,braes o' ,bonnie ,doon1 and ,kennst ,du das ,land8 ,the ,pansy and ,the ,mignonette1 are the best of a group of six flower pieces2 ,menie is remarkable for its tender sadness and delicacy2 but his most popular song is ,thy ,beaming ,eyes4 ,critics consider his most scholarly work to be his eight settings of verses by ,howells1 and ,the ,sea4 ,see ,national ,music of ,america and ,its ,sources1 by ,l4 ,c4 ,elson 7,the ,page ,company71 and ,american ,composers1 by ,rupert ,hughes 7,the ,page ,company74 ,,vi--,,interesting ,,songs ,in addition to studying this great subject by countries1 and by special treatment of the masters of song writing individually1 clubs may be interested to look up and sing many of the old ,english songs suggested under such heads as these in ,h4 ,k4 ,johnson's ,old ,familiar ,songs 7,henry ,holt73 ,memory3 ,ben ,bolt2 ,i ,remember1 ,i ,remember4 ,home3 ,my ,old ,kentucky ,home2 ,the ,suwanee ,river4 ,exile3 ,lochaber ,no ,more2 ,my ,heart's in the ,highlands4 ,sea3 ,a ,life on the ,ocean ,wave2 ,rocked in the ,cradle of the ,deep4 ,nature3 ,the ,ivy2 ,the ,brook4 ,sentiment3 ,the ,last ,rose of ,summer2 ,stars of the ,summer ,night4 ,unhappy ,love3 ,kathleen ,mavourneen2 ,bonnie ,doon4 ,happy ,love3 ,annie ,laurie2 ,meet ,me by ,moonlight ,alone4 ,humor3 ,comin' ,through the ,rye2 ,within a ,mile of ,edinboro' ,town4 ,convivial3 ,drink to ,me ,only with ,thine ,eyes2 ,landlord1 ,fill the ,flowing ,bowl4 ,martial3 ,scots ,wha ,hae2 ,march of the ,men of ,harlech4 ,national3 ,rule ,britannia2 ,hail ,columbia4 ,books to consult3 ,songs and ,song ,writers1 ,henry ,t4 ,finck 7,chas4 ,scribner's ,sons72 ,makers of ,song1 ,anna ,a4 ,chapin 7,dodd1 ,mead ,co472 ,stories of ,famous ,songs1 ,s4 ,j4 ,a4 ,fitzgerald 7,lippincott74 ,collections of all the songs mentioned here1 and many more1 may be found by writing to music publishers4 ,public libraries have also cyclopedias of music which will help in writing the biographies of musicians4 ,see ,great ,composers and ,their ,work1 by ,l4 ,c4 ,elson 7,the ,page ,company74 ,,chapter ,,vii ,,some ,,of ,,the ,,world',s ,,famous ,,buildings ,like so many subjects suggested for club work1 the one presented here may be expanded indefinitely4 ,each of the great buildings given should serve to introduce the subject of architecture and history4 ,material will be found in good histories2 in the encyclopedia1 especially the ,encyclopedia ,britannica1 and in the many books on architecture4 ,among the most useful in the way of description are3 ,historic ,buildings ,described by ,great ,writers1 and ,turrets1 ,towers and ,temples1 both by ,esther ,singleton 7,dodd1 ,mead ,co471 and ,wonders of ,art and ,archaeology1 by ,m4 ,lefevre 7,scribner74 ,ferguson's ,history of ,architecture 7,dodd1 ,mead ,co47 is also valuable4 ,at each meeting there should be illustrations shown of the buildings studied4 ,i--,,egypt',s ,,greatest ,,building ,the earliest of the world's great buildings1 and in some respects the most remarkable of them all1 is the ,great ,temple of ,karnak1 at ,thebes1 in lower ,egypt1 built about #afjj ,b4 ,c4 ,introductory papers should describe the country and its rulers1 its development and religion4 ,speak especially of the power of the monarchs and the nation of slaves4 ,show pictures of pyramids1 obelisks1 gates and temples4 ,speak of ,thebes1 described by ,homer as hundred-gated4 ,compare with ,memphis4 ,then follow with one paper on the great ruins on the left bank of the ,nile at ,thebes1 and read ,shelley's sonnet on the fallen ,colossus there4 ,crossing to the right bank1 describe the ruins at ,luxor1 and so come to the vast and overwhelming ,temple of ,karnak itself4 ,note the avenue of sphinxes1 the forest of columns which led to the river bank1 the huge fallen capitals1 on each of which a hundred men can stand4 ,give some idea of the immensity of the ,hall and what it must have been like when the roof was on1 and the whole area of two hundred and seventy acres was in its perfection4 ,read the description by ,amelia ,b4 ,edwards in ,turrets1 ,towers and ,temples4 ,,ii--,,the ,,parthenon ,,and ,,the ,,acropolis ,to realize the beauty and value of the ,parthenon at ,athens1 clubs must first study the history of ,greece from the time of ,themistocles and the ,persian wars1 through the rule of ,aristides and ,cimon when1 it is believed1 the building of the ,parthenon was begun4 ,the ,age of ,pericles1 when art was at its height1 needs two or more meetings2 it was then that the temple was finished4 ,a good picture of the ,acropolis at ,athens should be shown to keep the buildings distinct2 the one in ,lefevre's book is excellent4 ,read the description of a procession to the temple by ,john ,addington ,symonds1 in ,sketches in ,italy4 ,one paper should discuss the architecture of the ,parthenon2 another should mention the sculptures and paintings2 a third may give its later history1 noting that while it was intact until #afhg its history from that time has been one of destruction4 ,mention the injuries done by collectors1 especially ,morosini and ,lord ,elgin4 ,what of the ethics of the removal of the sculptures8 ,close with a descriptive reading on the ,parthenon as it is to-day4 ,studies of other ,grecian temples will be found in the ,isles and ,shrines of ,greece1 by ,s4 ,j4 ,barrows 7,little1 ,brown ,co474 ,there is a remarkable little collection of poems called ,the ,englishman in ,greece 7,clarendon ,press7 which will give delightful material for illustrating this program with verse from famous writers4 ,,iii--,,the ,,buildings ,,of ,,rome ,the picture of the ,coliseum at ,rome brings with it the wonderful story of the imperial city at the height of its splendor1 and also in its decay4 ,have meetings on ,rome under ,vespasian and ,titus1 who together built the ,coliseum4 ,it was completed in #hj ,a4 ,d41 ten years after the destruction of ,jerusalem4 ,one paper may describe its architecture1 its arches1 its massive stone walls1 its successive tiers of seats1 its divisions for the people and the court1 its interesting exits4 ,it covered five acres of land and seated eighty-six thousand people2 compare with the great stadium at ,harvard to-day4 ,follow with papers on the ,roman games2 at the dedication of the ,coliseum these lasted a hundred days4 ,have one also on the gladiatorial fights and one on the ,christian massacres1 many of which took place here4 ,read from ,ben ,hur 7,harper71 the ,chariot ,race4 ,show1 if possible1 ,gabriel ,max's picture1 ,the ,last ,token4 ,then take the gradual destruction of the building by ,goths and ,vandals1 and by the people of ,rome themselves4 ,read from ,gibbon's ,decline and ,fall of the ,roman ,empire his description of the building and the events which took place there2 and also from the ,coliseum1 by ,dickens1 in ,historic ,buildings4 ,other buildings which may also be studied are the ,pantheon1 the ,arch of ,titus1 ,pompey's ,theater1 and the ,temple of ,jupiter ,capitolinus1 all in the early history of ,italy4 ,clubs may follow the meetings on these buildings with two others on the more modern but no less remarkable ,st4 ,peter's1 at ,rome1 that colossal edifice in the transept of which it is said that a cathedral could stand4 ,read from the description in ,wonders of ,architecture4 ,,iv--,,castles ,,and ,,cathedrals ,,in ,,germany ,among the many great architectural remains in ,germany perhaps the most interesting is the ,castle of ,heidelberg1 standing on a hill three hundred feet above the town4 ,it was begun toward the close of the thirteenth century1 and is divided into two palaces and a hall1 all of different periods4 ,the extraordinary thing about it is the fact that nearly every style of architecture has been employed in its construction and adornment1 yet it remains a thing of beauty4 ,in the ,palace of ,frederick ,,iv there are chiseled sculptures of five emperors1 two kings and nine palatines2 in the ,palace of ,otho ,heinrichs there is a lovely ,italian facade1 with ,greek demi-gods and nymphs1 ,hebrew heroes1 and ,roman ,caesars4 ,there are four granite columns given by the ,pope to ,charlemagne1 which were transferred from palace to palace before they were finally brought here4 ,one writer has said that there is renown for ten artists in this castle1 all of them unknown4 ,study the history of ,germany in connection with this building1 the different palatine emperors who lived here1 the wars in which it played a part1 and the great events of which it was the scene4 ,read the description by ,victor ,hugo in ,turrets1 ,towers and ,temples4 ,clubs should also take up the ,cathedral of ,cologne1 the ,castle of the ,wartburg1 the ,dragonfels1 and the church at ,aix-la-,chapelle4 ,v--,,the ,,mosque ,,of ,,st4 ,,sophia ,the ,mosque of ,st4 ,sophia at ,constantinople is the great example of ,byzantine art4 ,its history begins in the latter days of ,roman history4 ,constantine1 ,theodosius1 and ,justinian all were connected with it4 ,read of the part each emperor took4 ,study next the rise and development of its style of architecture2 note how uninteresting is its exterior1 how curious the material of which it is built1 and how wonderful its interior is4 ,note especially its marvelous dome1 its pillars1 built of marble and mosaics1 its galleries and seats1 so unusual in a great church4 ,take up the history of its greater columns1 some from the ,temple of the ,sun at ,baalbek1 built by ,aurelian1 others from the ,temple of ,diana at ,ephesus1 and still others from ,thebes1 ,athens1 ,rome1 and ,alexandria4 ,this one topic of the columns could fill a meeting4 ,the use of color in the church should be emphasized2 greens1 blues1 reds1 black and white1 rose and gold all mingle here in the decoration4 ,lamps1 globes of crystal1 even ostrich eggs1 are suspended from the ceiling4 ,carpets and rugs1 inlaid lecterns1 painted sentences from the ,koran are all of interest1 but perhaps most remarkable are the scenes of ,moslem life and worship at all hours4 ,as to the history of the great church1--that covers all of the ,middle ,ages1 and extends even to our own day4 ,christians and ,mohammedans have fought for it2 it has withstood sieges and bombardments1 and known massacres and pillage4 ,read from many sources2 one good description by ,de ,amicis is found in ,turrets1 ,towers and ,temples4 ,,vi--,,moorish ,,architecture ,,in ,,spain ,on a hill-top in ,spain in the fortified suburb of ,granada is the famous palace of the ,moorish kings1 the ,alhambra4 ,a large part of it was torn down by ,charles ,v to make way for a palace which he began but never finished2 it has suffered from neglect1 from spoliation1 from bombardment1 from earthquakes and from fire2 yet it still remains to-day an exquisite and unique piece of architecture4 ,the whole place is easily divided into its parts1 and papers may describe them separately4 ,the entrance with its great vestibule and the inner portal1 one with a gigantic hand and the other with a key1 around which emblems cluster fascinating legends1 may be the first subject2 then will follow others on the ,hall of the ,ambassadors1 the ,court of the ,fish ,pond1 the ,court of the ,lions1 the ,hall of the ,two ,sisters1 and the ,hall of the ,abencerrages4 ,the ,court of the ,lions is the most beautiful1 with its alabaster fountain resting on the crouching lions2 the ,hall of the ,abencerrages witnessed a famous massacre2 show pictures of these two rooms4 ,notice how everywhere there are the vaulted ceilings of carved cedar wood1 the bubblelike domes1 the mosaics1 the tilings1 the arabesques1 the delicate tracery of color1 and the marvelous lace work of wood and marble4 ,the deep well of icy water is also to be mentioned1 and the repeated fountains2 the glorious views from the various windows and arches are also famous4 ,read several chapters from ,washington ,irving's ,alhambra1 and also from ,spain and the ,spaniards1 by ,de ,amicis 7,coates74 ,the ,giralda and the ,alcazar1 both of ,seville1 should also be studied as other ,moorish remains2 and if there is time there may be one meeting on the ,escurial4 ,,vii--,,noteworthy ,,russian ,,buildings ,the ,kremlin is the citadel of ,moscow and is built on very much the same lines as the ,alhambra1 for a wall surrounds it and it contains many important buildings4 ,here are churches1 palaces1 and towers4 ,clubs should spend several meetings on this place1 for it is of immense importance in ,russian history4 ,have one paper on the ,bell ,tower2 pass from this to the ,cathedral of the ,assumption1 and describe its massive interior and the painted walls1 with the figures whose aureoles1 breastplates1 necklaces1 and bracelets are of precious stones2 mention also the burial place of the ,metropolitans4 ,follow with another paper on the cathedral of the ,archangel1 and a fourth on the new palace1 which holds the art treasures of ,russia1 its famous manuscripts1 paintings and jewels4 ,the library1 museum and university should also be described1 the whole place forming a wonderful group of buildings4 ,read the description by ,theophile ,gautier1 in ,turrets1 ,towers and ,temples4 ,see also ,the ,russian ,empire of ,to-day and ,yesterday1 by ,n4 ,o4 ,winter 7,the ,page ,company74 ,give the description of a coronation4 ,,viii--,,notre ,,dame ,the history of the great church of ,notre ,dame in ,paris goes back into pagan times4 ,a heathen temple once stood on its site1 and later a ,christian basilica4 ,the present church was begun in the twelfth century4 ,clubs should first take up its architecture1 which is not pure ,gothic but transitional1 and understand how it differs from many of the beautiful pure ,gothic ,french cathedrals4 ,some of its many striking features are its three deep porches in front1 the massive square towers1 the delicate gallery1 with its openwork arches1 which supports a heavy mass of stone1 and the huge rose window4 ,the history of the church is of the deepest interest4 ,one paper may be on the curious fact that1 though the ,french kings were crowned at ,rheims1 an ,english king1 ,henry ,,vi1 was crowned in ,notre ,dame1 and give a description of the times and the event4 ,note also the great ,te ,deum sung here in #adca when ,paris was retaken4 ,during the ,french ,revolution this was the ,temple of ,reason1 and a travesty on the usual religious services was performed4 ,napoleon1 wishing to impress ,europe1 summoned the ,pope to ,paris1 and was here crowned ,emperor of the ,french1 but by his own hands4 ,all these and other historical points are to have papers4 ,read parts of ,victor ,hugo's novel1 ,notre ,dame4 ,study also other ,french churches1 especially the cathedrals of ,amiens1 ,rouen1 ,chartres and ,rheims4 ,read ,rambles in the ,french ,chateaux1 by ,f4 ,m4 ,costling 7,the ,page ,company71 ,old ,paris1 by ,h4 ,c4 ,shelley 7,the ,page ,company74 ,,ix--,,in ,,the ,,british ,,isles ,the ,tower of ,london has a more intimate connection with the history of ,england than any other building4 ,tradition says1 probably erroneously1 that it was begun by the ,romans2 certainly1 however1 the oldest part1 the ,white ,tower1 dates back to #ajgh4 ,have a picture or plan shown which makes clear how it is built1--with walls1 a moat and various towers and the ,keep4 ,then take in chronological order all the great events which occurred here1 giving several meetings to their study4 ,kings were crowned1 held court here1 and were imprisoned4 ,queens died or were beheaded4 ,famous prisoners spent years in its dungeons4 ,describe the square place in the court where the executioner's block stood2 show the ,bloody ,tower1 and give the events which occurred there4 ,notice the gate connected with this1 and also the ,traitors' ,gate4 ,tell of the ,tower to-day1 and its collection of armor and jewels4 ,in ,abbeys1 ,castles and ,famous ,halls of ,england and ,wales1 by ,timbs and ,gunn 7,warne of ,london71 there is an excellent resume of the history of the ,tower4 ,or1 a good ,english history1 such as ,green's1 will give it4 ,take also the history and description of ,westminster ,hall and ,abbey1 ,st4 ,paul's1 the different cathedrals of ,england and other famous buildings4 ,if possible add the famous buildings of ,scotland1 ,edinburgh ,castle1 ,holyrood1 ,stirling1 and others4 ,wales has many famous ruins1 notably ,carnarvon1 ,conway and ,harlech4 ,ireland has1 among others1 ,ross ,castle4 ,x--,,the ,,taj ,,mahal ,india has many notable temples and ruins1 but for sheer beauty nothing can compare with the ,taj ,mahal1 at ,agra4 ,built in the seventeenth century by the ,emperor ,shah-,jehan as a mausoleum for his favorite wife and himself1 it required the work of twenty thousand men for more than twenty years to complete it4 ,it has been called a masterpiece of art1 a poem in stone4 ,a portico of red sandstone admits one to a long terrace built of white marble blocks1 with wonderful gardens on each side and a canal reflecting the dark cypress trees4 ,the tomb stands among these1 reflected in the water4 ,it is an octagonal building rising to a great dome1 with smaller ones with minarets4 ,all is built of marble and covered with exquisite carvings and inlays of flowers of turquoise and onyx1 with sentences from the ,koran in black marble4 ,it is all simple1 harmonious1 and exquisitely beautiful4 ,within1 in the bare central space are the two plain tombs1 covered with what is like a pall of carved1 lacy marble4 ,the whole forms one of the art treasures of the ,orient4 ,,chapter ,,ix ,,four ,,short ,,programs ,,part ,i ,i--,a ,,group ,,of ,,famous ,,books ,each of the six masterpieces of fiction suggested for this program must be read by the members of the club in preparation for their presentation at the different meetings4 ,the plots and characters must be familiar1 to have intelligent discussion4 ,when studying each book begin with a sketch of the life and work of the author2 follow with an outline of the plot of the book and a description of each of the principal characters4 ,readings from all the books and criticisms upon them may be found in ,warner's ,library of the ,world's ,best literature4 ,,french1 ,,german1 ,,russian1 ,,and ,,spanish ,a ,french book1 ,les ,miserables1 is one of the best known books of history as well as literature1 for it has to do with many vital social questions and reforms4 ,notice ,victor ,hugo's descriptive powers and discuss whether the book shows a knowledge of actual life or is largely theoretical4 ,as it is the moral purpose of the book which has given it vitality1 study the attitude of society toward the outcast and the criminal as the author gives it4 ,does the artist in him at times overpower his moral sense8 ,compare the treatment of the criminal then and at the present time4 ,in spite of the faults of construction1 how does the book rank as literature8 ,goethe's ,wilhelm ,meister stands in the front rank among ,german novels4 ,give an outline of the book4 ,is there a plot8 ,is the book an autobiography8 ,if not1 how far does ,goethe give his own experiences8 ,is the book a study in realism or does it deal with the unnatural8 ,in what does the power of the book lie8 ,what has the author to say of education1 religion and esthetics8 ,is there a moral purpose1 and are any problems settled8 ,tolstoy's ,anna ,karenina is of the greatest literary importance1 for its author was the founder of the modern realistic school4 ,have several papers on the leading characters4 ,what is the mainspring of ,anna's character8 ,is the comedy character1 ,oblensky1 satisfactory8 ,is ,tolstoy really capable of humor8 ,is ,levin a mouthpiece for ,tolstoy's own views of life8 ,study the social side of ,russian life4 ,are the problems of ,anna the same as those which confront women in other lands to-day8 ,notice what famous men have said of this book3 ,matthew ,arnold declared it less a work of art than a piece of life4 ,in a final meeting discuss the subject of realism in fiction compared to idealism1 with examples of each class of work4 ,study and compare the writings of ,james1 ,howells1 and ,arnold ,bennett with ,tolstoy's4 ,don ,quixote is not only the masterpiece of ,spain1 but a book with unique qualities4 ,discuss1 ,does it give an unbiased picture of the people8 ,is ,don ,quixote a madman1 or does the author intend to show under his extravagances some philosophy of life8 ,what does the author satirize8 ,does he successfully combine the real and the grotesque1 or lean too far toward the latter8 ,is the book a parable8 ,if so1 what does it teach8 ,,english ,,and ,,american ,among the greatest works in ,english fiction1 ,adam ,bede stands out conspicuous by setting forth the eternal question of moral values4 ,in the study of the characters note that ,dinah was drawn from life4 ,notice the development of character in ,adam and ,hetty4 ,how does the standard of morals differ in our day from that in the time in which the book is placed8 ,study the writer's humor and show how it serves to relieve the somberness of the book4 ,was ,george ,eliot really a humorist8 ,above all1 notice the great moral purpose which inspired the writer4 ,does her picture differ from that of ,dickens in ,david ,copperfield8 ,the ,marble ,faun is worthy of serious study4 ,it is the ,american masterpiece of fiction4 ,observe in this book that ,hawthorne gave the story such a faithful setting that it may be used as a guidebook to ,rome4 ,the style of the book is remarkable2 its exquisite simplicity deserves more than a passing notice4 ,discuss the mingling of the real and the mystical4 ,note especially the effect of the murder on the different characters4 ,the remarkable character analysis in this work is one of the author's famous points4 ,the main theme of the book--,is sin really an element in human education8--should be discussed4 ,does ,hawthorne answer the question8 ,if these books lead to the study of others1 the following are among the best to select3 ,daudet's ,the ,nabob2 ,goethe's ,the ,sorrows of ,werther2 in connection with ,don ,quixote1 ,le ,sage's ,gil ,blas2 ,tourguenieff's ,smoke2 ,thackeray's ,henry ,esmond2 and in our own literature of the present time1 ,edith ,wharton's ,house of ,mirth1 and ,margaret ,deland's ,iron ,woman4 ,,part ,,ii ,a ,,study ,,of ,,marriage ,,and ,,divorce ,among the live questions of the day marriage and divorce are conspicuous4 ,our ideas1 as well as our laws1 are undergoing radical changes4 ,women should certainly be intelligent upon this great subject1 and this outline will give them material for at least six meetings upon it4 ,begin with an account of marriage in ancient times2 follow with the customs of different countries down to the present day4 ,notice that marriage is distinctly a social institution4 ,one meeting should raise the question1 ,upon what should marriage be based8 ,among other things these three points should be emphasized3 it must be based on love2 on physical and mental fitness2 and upon mutual interests1 especially those which center in the children4 ,negatively1 it should not be based upon mere emotion nor upon a desire for wealth or social advantages4 ,discuss the relation between grown children and parents in making a marriage-choice2 the age for marriage2 the so-called international marriages2 frivolous marriages1 and other points which will readily suggest themselves4 ,have club members speak of what they consider the conditions for a happy marriage1 and the necessity to-day of training all young men and young women for marriage4 ,notice that as marriage is a social institution1 society is bound to safeguard it in every possible way4 ,turning to divorce1 begin this with a study of its history down to the present time4 ,follow with a resume of the laws of divorce in the different countries4 ,note that ,america leads the world in the number of its divorces1 which are two hundred a day4 ,give the laws in some of the states2 point out that ,south ,carolina gives no divorces1 that ,new ,york gives them for one cause only2 that ,indiana gives most of all4 ,mention some of the evils which arise from the difference of state laws4 ,one meeting should take the subject of the changing sentiment toward divorce4 ,ellen ,key significantly says that one reason for it is our weak moral fiber1 which avoids all unpleasantness4 ,another cause is undoubtedly the tendency toward individualism4 ,illustrate with readings from ,ibsen's ,a ,doll's ,house at this point4 ,a third cause is the increasing desire for ease and luxury and pleasure of all kinds1 which makes a man or woman leave one environment for another which promises more4 ,have papers or talks on these themes3 ,shall divorce be free where love has gone8 ,read from ,ellen ,key4 ,should divorce be given on other than statutory cause8 ,if so1 on what8 ,does separation take the place of divorce in most cases8 ,would the addition of a civil ceremony to the religious make divorces less frequent8 ,would the attitude of society toward hasty marriages1 should they be discountenanced1 be helpful8 ,what should be the proper attitude of the ,state toward divorce8 ,are the ,courts of ,domestic ,relations of value in preventing them8 ,would ,divorce ,courts1 dealing with this whole matter intelligently1 be helpful8 ,what should be the attitude of the church toward divorce8 ,what is the effect of divorce on children in the home8 ,has the child a right to one father and one mother even though their attitude toward each other is strained8 ,what is the moral effect on a child in the latter case8 ,especially make a point of the question3 ,how much should the individual sacrifice for the good of society8 ,here read ,the ,iron ,woman 7latter part71 by ,margaret ,deland4 ,among the many books on these two subjects read these especially3 ,love and ,marriage1 by ,ellen ,key 7,putnam72 ,marriage and ,divorce1 by ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,holmes 7,b4 ,w4 ,huebsch72 ,woman and the ,law1 by ,g4 ,j4 ,bayles 7,century ,co472 ,marriage as a ,trade1 ,hamilton 7,moffat1 ,yard ,co472 ,women and ,to-morrow1 ,george 7,appleton74 ,have reviews also of ,together1 by ,herrick 7,grosset71 and ,marriage1 by ,wells 7,duffield74 ,,part ,,iii ,,child ,,labor ,the subject of ,child ,labor is one of the vital questions of to-day1 and every woman should study and know the conditions1 particularly in her own ,state4 ,begin with an introductory paper on child labor in the mills of ,england in the nineteenth century4 ,read from ,mrs4 ,browning's ,cry of the ,children4 ,study the present conditions in ,america2 the mining1 canning1 glass-blowing1 and factory work occupations1 particularly in the ,south2 the tenement-house trades1 such as nut-shelling and the making of artificial flowers4 ,discuss the many evils to which the children are exposed1 the lack of rest and exercise1 the unsanitary surroundings4 ,study the street trades2 boot-blacking1 newspaper selling1 peddling1 and the work of the messenger boy2 also that of the child on the stage1 the conditions under which he must work2 the legislation governing these1 and the enforcement of the laws4 ,take up the causes of child labor1 the poverty1 and the need to increase the family income2 the employer's attitude toward child labor2 the indifference to school4 ,discuss1 ,how can the school obtain and hold the child8 and the vital importance of education4 ,find out whether the compulsory education law is enforced in your own locality4 ,speak of the teaching of trades in schools2 industrial education by the ,state2 the economic value of education4 ,read and discuss the state laws on child labor4 ,are they enforced8 ,should public opinion against child labor be aroused8 ,read the reports of exhibitions3 ,could the club have some sort of an exhibit8 ,i--,,the ,,far-,,reaching ,,effects ,the effects of child labor are of far-reaching importance4 ,read the statistics of accident and disease1 the stunting of growth1 the effect on the child's mentality and morals from articles in ,survey4 ,what percentage of child criminals come from the laboring classes8 ,the effect of child labor on the home should be discussed1 its tendency to disintegrate2 note the physical deterioration1 and the unfitness for parenthood in the child who has labored1 the loss of vital force in the children mentally and physically in the following generations1 and the lowering of standards of ,american citizenship which must follow4 ,on each point have readings from pamphlets published by the ,national ,child ,labor ,committee1 #aje ,east ,twenty-second ,street1 ,new ,york ,city1 which will be sent to any one who writes and asks for them4 ,the following will be especially helpful3 ,child ,employing ,industries1 ,child ,labor1 ,child ,problems1 ,child ,workers of the ,nation1 ,compulsory ,education in the ,south4 ,the ,survey has quantities of articles on all the topics4 ,in addition1 read from these books3 ,child ,labor in ,city ,streets1 ,e4 ,n4 ,clopper4 7,macmillan47 ,the ,cry of the ,children1 ,mrs4 ,b4 ,van ,vorst4 7,moffat1 ,yard47 ,solution of the ,child ,labor ,problem1 ,s4 ,nearing4 7,moffat1 ,yard47 ,the ,children in the ,shadow1 ,e4 ,k4 ,coulter4 7,mc,bride1 ,nast ,co47 ,through the ,mill1 ,f4 ,k4 ,brown4 7,pilgrim ,press1 ,boston47 ,juvenile ,offenders1 ,w4 ,d4 ,morrison4 7,appleton47 ,,part ,,iv ,,american ,,nature ,,writers ,toward spring clubs which have taken a heavy subject all winter will enjoy a program of ten meetings on our own writers about nature4 ,the life of each should first be fully studied1 and there may be many readings from books4 ,the story of ,john ,james ,audubon is as interesting as the most romantic novel4 ,study this in full and describe his great book1 ,birds of ,america2 read from his granddaughter's 7,maria ,b4 ,audubon7 ,life of ,audubon 7,scribner74 ,henry ,david ,thoreau is a unique figure in our literary history4 ,read some of his poems2 also ,stevenson's sketch in ,familiar ,studies2 and from ,thoreau1 by ,f4 ,b4 ,sanborn 7,houghton ,mifflin ,co474 ,john ,burroughs is the most popular of our nature writers4 ,read ,wake ,robin1 ,birds and ,poets1 and ,indoor ,studies 7,houghton ,mifflin ,co474 ,john ,muir though not an ,american by birth1 was our chief scientific writer about nature4 ,read from ,the ,mountains of ,california 7,century ,co472 ,our ,national ,parks 7,houghton ,mifflin ,co474 ,stewart ,edward ,white writes of the mountains and forests4 ,read3 ,the ,forest 7,doubleday1 ,page71 and ,the ,pass 7,outing ,co474 ,select chapters from ,ernest ,thompson ,seton's ,the ,biography of a ,grizzly 7,century ,co471 ,lives of the ,hunted 7,scribner74 ,read from ,theodore ,roosevelt's ,the ,hunting ,trips of a ,ranchman1 ,hunting the ,grizzly 7,putnam71 and ,good ,hunting 7,harper74 ,read briefly of ,henry ,c4 ,mc,cook's life1 and then from ,nature's ,craftsmen 7,harper71 and ,tenants of an ,old ,farm 7,jacobs74 ,read selections from the books of ,mabel ,osgood ,wright and ,olive ,thorne ,miller4 ,have readings from ,the ,nature ,lovers' ,treasury1 by ,carrie ,t4 ,lowell 7,the ,page ,company74 ,,chapter ,x ,,central ,,and ,,south ,,america ,,and ,,the ,,canal ,there is a certain romantic interest about the history of ,central and ,south ,america and a uniting of ancient and modern history there which makes its study peculiarly attractive4 ,sufficient material is given for an entire year's work1 and the many books written recently upon them give ample references4 ,i--,,the ,,beginnings ,starting with ,central ,america1 the first meeting may be upon its physical features1 illustrated with a map4 ,it is believed that originally there may have been a great archipelago uniting the two continents1 earthquakes possibly throwing them together4 ,the ,cordillera1 or mountain chain1 which lies the length of the peninsula1 is of unusual wildness and beauty1 with volcanoes here and there4 ,the long slopes from the sea to the mountain tops give great variety of climate and productions1 remarkable in so small a country4 ,describe at length the flora and fauna4 ,this will introduce the great subject of the ancient remains of a highly civilized race4 ,there are huge pyramids1 vying with those of ,egypt1 walls built without plaster yet of amazing durability1 temples with carvings and colored picture-writing of wonderful beauty1 all the subject of great interest to archaeologists4 ,show photographs of these1 and discuss whether they were connected with the remains in ,egypt or were a spontaneous development of an aboriginal race4 ,after this take up the coming of the ,european and the result4 ,in #aeac ,balboa saw the great ,pacific ,ocean spread out before him4 ,wading into its water he took all the land upon its shore in the name of ,spain--which was the entire territory from ,alaska to ,cape ,horn4 ,read3--,keats's sonnet ,on first looking into ,chopman's ,homer1 with its reference to the peak in ,darien4 ,spain proceeded to take possession of the country to the immediate north and south1 and kept it until #ahba2 it stamped its peoples indelibly with its mark and made it more ,spanish than ,western in customs1 religion and morals4 ,notice the curious fact that a canal across ,panama was suggested by ,spain in #aeea4 ,follow the history of these centuries until ,spain lost its ownership2 then speak of the federal republic1 and later of the founding of the different republics as they are to-day4 ,this will take several meetings4 ,,ii--,,the ,,central ,,american ,,republics ,from this point study each little republic by itself1 beginning with ,guatemala1 the farthest north1 adjoining ,mexico1 and resembling it in many ways4 ,here the feature of prime importance is the natural forests of rare woods2 the soil is also unusually fertile and can be made to produce remarkable crops under cultivation4 ,the cities are modern2 ,guatemala ,city has tree-planted avenues1 a beautiful plaza1 electric lights1 schools and churches4 ,manufactures and trades are interesting1 especially the wood-carving and embroidery work4 ,give an idea of the people1 native and foreign1 the government1 education1 and relation with other countries4 ,nicaragua1 territorially the largest of the little republics1 is interesting because of its connection with the early plans for the great canal4 ,it was chosen in #ahgf in ,washington1 ,president ,grant determining upon it after many years of investigation4 ,read in ,panama1 by ,bunau-,varilla1 of this period4 ,mention also the three interesting towns connected by railway1 and the great plantations near them4 ,honduras is a remarkable place in many ways2 describe its capital1 with its law courts1 its university and schools of industry2 also the wonderful mines1 so few of them developed4 ,british ,honduras is by no means so interesting2 but its form of government should be noticed4 ,one curious little fact is that it is recorded that one year all the pine trees on crown lands were sold to an ,american for a cent apiece4 ,salvador is a wild1 mountainous1 picturesque place1 situated in a district which volcanoes constantly threaten4 ,its main city1 ,san ,salvador1 has many buildings of note4 ,costa ,rica has a history of absorbing interest4 ,its great wealth of minerals1 trees1 pearl fisheries and other resources early made it famous in ,spain4 ,its climate is delightful1 its population mostly foreign1 education is free1 and there is complete religious liberty4 ,discuss what causes the difference between this republic and some of the others4 ,,iii--,,panama ,,and ,,the ,,canal ,panama1 the little republic of only ten years1 is sufficiently important commercially to be noticed1 yet its fame will always rest upon its great canal4 ,clubs should give a number of meetings upon this subject1 for it is of world-wide interest1 and the future of ,south ,america1 and largely our own1 is closely connected with it4 ,the early dream of such a canal should first be followed out from its inception till the time of the formation of the early company by ,de ,lesseps in #ahha1 through the failure of this with its disastrous financial effect in ,france4 ,new plans were made which were to enlist the help of ,russia1 but these failed also4 ,study the idea of the ,nicaraguan canal1 its abandonment2 the negotiations with ,colombia2 the treaties made2 the difficulties with the different ,south ,american countries2 the recognition of ,panama by the four great powers2 the ratification by the ,senate of the ,hay-,bunau-,varilla treaty1 the making of plans for the canal on different lines1 and1 last1 its actual beginning4 ,here there should be a paper on the physical conditions at ,panama1 the deadly climate1 the yellow fever1 the malarial mosquitoes1 the lack of sanitation1 and all that was carried out under ,goethals and ,gorgas to make it possible for the work to be done4 ,read descriptions of the town of ,panama after the new conditions were established4 ,show a map of the ,canal and describe its principal features and also show pictures from magazines and books4 ,close these meetings with a discussion on two questions3 the tolls1 and the possible fortifying of the ,canal4 ,give some idea also of the result of the building of the ,canal upon the different nations4 ,,iv--,,south ,,america ,the study of ,south ,america should be taken in a leisurely way1 for each part is valuable4 ,begin with a map talk1 pointing out the divisions1 the mountains1 rivers and cities1 and the great fertile plains4 ,the ancient history of the land will come first4 ,read from ,prescott the description of the ,incas in ,peru and their remarkable civilization1 and show pictures of the remains of temples and walls4 ,contrast these with the ruins in ,central ,america and point out the striking differences4 ,then give several meetings to the coming of the ,spaniards and the results1 not only to the ,incas but to the entire country4 ,read of the ,buccaneers and other adventurers1 and have read some chapters from ,charles ,kingsley's ,westward ,ho6 ,after this1 take each of the countries in turn and thoroughly study its history down to to-day4 ,there are certain divisions which it will be well to follow3 first1 the ,republics of the ,river ,plate1 ,argentina1 ,uruguay and ,paraguay2 the ,republics of the ,andes1 ,peru1 ,ecuador1 ,bolivia and ,chili2 the ,republics of ,colombia and ,venezuela2 the ,united ,states of ,brazil2 and last1 the ,guianas4 ,the ,river ,plate is of remarkable interest2 it makes the great prairies or pampas fertile and so is the basis of the wealth of the country4 ,argentina1 and1 in a lesser degree1 ,uruguay and ,paraguay1 are dependent upon it4 ,v--,,argentina ,argentina is one of the wonders of the new world1 so rapid has been its rise from obscurity to immense material importance4 ,it is considered the first of the ,south ,american states4 ,study the singular mingling of the races which has produced an entirely new type of nationality and patriotism4 ,the subject of ranches and the life there may be the topic of one paper2 another may take up the life in the capital1 ,buenos ,ayres1 with its contrasts between great poverty and greater wealth1 for the ports are filled with steamers from all parts of the world1 and the docks crowded with the very poorest ,italian immigrants4 ,the wide boulevards1 theaters1 opera house1 clubs1 newspaper offices1 and public buildings are on a scale of unusual magnificence4 ,notice that in many respects the city is like ,paris4 ,speak of the pleasure-loving character of the people1 of horse-races and lotteries1 of extravagance in all kinds of sport4 ,notice the excellent sanitation and the unusually high cost of living4 ,follow with a description of the other two river republics1 and compare with ,argentina4 ,have a paper here on ,patagonia4 ,,vi--,,peru ,the republics of the ,andes are less important commercially than those of the lower lands1 but in many respects they are of greater interest4 ,the mountains give to them their distinctive character and importance2 they are the great storehouse of the people1 giving them mineral wealth1 forests1 and1 on the slopes1 fertile tracts of land1 except on the coastward side1 where the peculiarity of the lack of rain makes the country sterile4 ,in ,peru the whites and ,indians and half-breeds form three distinct classes1 and this is true of all the republics of the ,andes4 ,give a description of ,lima1 the quaint city which dates from the time of ,pizarro1 show pictures of the old cathedral and the plaza of infamous memories of persecutions1 existing from #aegc until #ahac4 ,contrast this simple1 and by no means wealthy1 city with those of the ,plate country4 ,close with a sketch of ,cuzco1 the capital of the old ,inca empire1 built almost twelve thousand feet high on a mountain top1 and speak of the railroad which goes there1 and of the wonderful mountain bridges4 ,,vii--,,ecuador ,ecuador1 the smallest of the mountain republics1 is a land of contrasts3 of volcanoes1 mountain gorges1 tropical forests and snowfields1 bleak plains and fertile valleys4 ,its chief city1 ,quito1 lies exactly on the ,equator2 it is a city built in the old ,moorish style1 with red-tiled roofs and narrow streets4 ,the character of its people is interesting1 for picturesque ,indians in native dress throng the town on feast days1 mingling with the very poor natives and the richer class who wear ,paris costumes4 ,the republic is not in a high state of development1 but the ,panama ,canal is expected to bring prosperity to it4 ,,viii--,,bolivia ,bolivia is a place of great possibilities2 its mineral wealth1 its commerce1 its forests1 all mean that sooner or later it will be developed4 ,to-day it is much like its neighbor1 ,ecuador4 ,one of its chief interests lies in its history4 ,read of ,simon ,bolivar and what he did for his country2 he is often called the ,washington of ,south ,america4 ,,ix--,,chili ,chili is the most progressive of the mountain republics2 the people call themselves the ,british1 or the ,americans of their continent4 ,it is the most united of the ,south ,american republics1 with a strong patriotic feeling4 ,the education1 the customs1 even the navy1 are all on ,european lines4 ,unfortunately1 it is held back in every way by an enormous illiterate and very poor class1 the bulk of the population4 ,describe ,valparaiso4 ,read of its early history1 and of ,drake and ,hawkins4 ,speak briefly also of the suburb which has gardens1 casinos1 concert halls and all the effect of ,european life1 and the sea-side resort near it1 ,vina del ,mar4 ,x--,,colombia ,,and ,,venezuela ,colombia and ,venezuela are of great importance1 far more so commercially than the republics of the ,andes4 ,notice their commanding position1 and describe ,bogota1 with its university1 its mint1 library1 and botanical gardens1 and ,caracas in ,venezuela1 even more modern in every way1 and more beautifully situated4 ,the story of ,bolivar is closely connected with ,caracas4 ,the wealth of both these northern states1 however1 lies largely in pastoral industries and the great river which waters the country will mean much when its powers are developed4 ,but economically and in point of education1 neither yet are what one would expect from their situation and opportunities4 ,,xi--,,brazil ,brazil is a land associated with romance2 one of great rivers and mighty forests1 of wealth1 of slavery1 of misery and of progress4 ,it is larger than the ,united ,states 7not including ,alaska71 and its future must be of immense importance4 ,its history includes that of its empire1 which should make the topic of one meeting1 for it is of great interest4 ,the early struggles of the republic1 the abolishment of slavery1 and the establishment of a government founded on our own1 may all be studied4 ,the influence of the ,portuguese in ,brazil has been marked1 especially in its literature1 music and art4 ,notice how beautiful the situation is of the city of ,rio ,janeiro1 and show pictures of its streets and great buildings1 with their over-ornamentation4 ,study the ,river ,amazon in one meeting2 the coffee plantations1 and the cotton and rubber industries in another4 ,follow these meetings with one on the ,guianas1 another on the various islands which lie along the coast1 especially the ,falkland ,islands and ,tierra del ,fuego4 ,,xii--,,latin ,,america ,among the many topics which will suggest themselves for discussion are these3 ,what can be said of education in ,latin ,america8 ,what is the percentage of those who can read and write1 and why is it so low8 ,what of higher education8 ,what is the relation between church and state and what has the church done for education8 ,what can be said of the morals of the ,latin ,americans8 ,what is the position of woman8 ,how is she educated and trained8 ,what is her home efficiency8 ,compare ,south ,american cities with those of ,france1 ,england and ,america and point out the great differences4 ,what can be said of literature1 art1 music and science8 ,where does ,south ,america show her strength1 and where her weakness8 ,among the many excellent reference books these are suggested3 ,the ,republics of ,central and ,south ,america1 by ,c4 ,reginald ,enock 7,scribner74 ,panama1 the ,creation1 ,destruction and ,resurrection1 by ,philippe ,bunau-,varilla 7,constable and ,sons1 ,london74 ,panama and the ,canal ,to-day1 by ,forbes ,lindsay 7,the ,page ,company74 ,the ,panama ,canal1 by ,j4 ,saxon ,mills 7,thomas ,nelson1 ,london and ,new ,york74 ,south ,america1 by ,james ,bryce 7,macmillan74 ,conquest of ,peru1 by ,w4 ,h4 ,prescott 7,lippincott74 ,,chapter ,,xi ,,the ,,work ,,of ,,the ,,rural ,,club ,i--,a ,,club ,,far ,,from ,,libraries ,letters have come from the ,far ,west1 from ,nova ,scotia1 from remote districts in the ,south1 and from ranches in ,canada asking much the same question3 ,is it possible to carry on a women's club when we are far away from any public library and have few books1 if any1 in the community8 ,if any group of women need a club it is the women on farms and ranches and in little villages1 whose lives are monotonous1 who have no lectures or concerts to attend and few magazines or new books to read4 ,they1 above all the rest of us1 need intellectual stimulus4 ,and their question may be answered with a positive affirmative3 ,yes2 it is perfectly possible to have a club1 one doing excellent work1 with no library at hand4 ,many examples of what can be done might be given1 but one will stand for them all3 ,in a singularly isolated spot in ,new ,england a club was began ten years ago with a handful of farmers' wives and daughters living within an area of a dozen miles4 ,they used what material they had at hand2 they added to it2 they studied simple things at first1 and later took up more difficult subjects2 and then they did practical work for their community4 ,to-day that club is made up of many well-read women of all ages who have acquired what may truly be called a liberal education1 and the whole neighborhood has been raised and enlightened by what they have done for it in a hundred ways4 ,and they had nothing more to begin with than any group of women has under similar conditions4 ,any woman who feels the need of a club can start one1 and once started it will grow of its own volition and justify its existence4 ,,ii--,,how ,,to ,,start ,a ,,rural ,,club ,let us suppose that some country woman decides to start a club4 ,she is not quite sure what steps to take1 but she invites some of her neighbors to meet with her and talk it over4 ,probably they will agree to begin very simply1 merely meeting once a week or so and reading aloud--feeling their way to other things4 ,this is the right sort of a beginning1 for in a very short time they will have gained sufficient confidence in themselves to plan something better4 ,at this point some one may suggest that at the next meeting each woman shall bring in a written list of the books she owns4 ,when this is done it will probably be found that there are many good ones to use4 ,there will probably be a set of ,dickens1 volumes of ,longfellow1 ,tennyson1 and ,whittier1 a few biographies1 including one of ,general ,grant1 a book or two of travel and scattered volumes of all kinds1 novels1 histories1 and school books1 and possibly an encyclopedia4 ,this list has great possibilities for club study1 especially if there is the encyclopedia1 so essential for reference4 ,with a very small membership fee1 perhaps five cents a month1 one new book may be bought every three months2 with ten club members this can be done4 ,when the club is fairly going it may decide to select ,dickens's novels to study1 as a sort of popular beginning2 a simple plan of work would be as follows3 ,divide the club into committees of two1 and to each give one novel to read and thoroughly master4 ,meanwhile the president may study the life of ,dickens4 ,if she has no book to use she should write to the ,state ,librarian and try to secure a traveling library with this and other needed books in it2 or at least she may get1 if not a library1 one or two volumes1 sent by mail4 ,at the first regular meeting she should give a sketch of ,dickens's life and show any pictures of the author in the book4 ,she should also try to find in an ,english history pictures of ,canterbury1 ,london1 and other places associated with his life1 and ,westminster ,abbey1 where he is buried4 ,by the next meeting the first committee should be ready to give an afternoon program on one novel1 say ,david ,copperfield4 ,one member may tell the story of the book1 mentioning the various characters2 another may take these up in part and describe them4 ,then there should be readings1 not only by these two members but by others to whom they have been given1 illustrating the main points of the story4 ,after the meeting the book should be loaned to some one who will read it and pass it on to the rest4 ,and so with each novel in turn4 ,there should be a discussion at each meeting1 and members should tell why they admire or dislike this character or that1 and what great moral lesson ,dickens points out in each book1 and so on4 ,such a study might well occupy an entire year and be extremely interesting4 ,or suppose the club decided to study ,longfellow's poems4 ,again the first meeting is to be on the life of the poet2 the second will take up the first of the group of ,american poems1 ,hiawatha1 and have it read aloud2 the discussion following may be on the types of ,indians drawn by ,longfellow and inquire3 ,are they true to life8 ,the next meeting will be on ,miles ,standish1 with a paper or talk on the ,puritans in ,england and ,america1 and a description of the first winter in the colony4 ,the third meeting will take ,evangeline1 with a paper on the ,acadians4 ,later should come other poems of our own country1 on slavery1 and on village life1 with readings from these1 and from ,the ,wayside ,inn4 ,later still1 his translations should be read and discussed1 and his little dramas4 ,the season should close with an afternoon in which each club member should read her favorite poem4 ,if clubs can buy one book it will be found delightful at this point to read aloud ,a ,sister to ,evangeline1 by ,chas4 ,g4 ,d4 ,roberts 7,the ,page ,company74 ,or1 if the autobiography of ,general ,grant were to be studied1 a committee should go over the table of contents and divide it up into several parts2 his early life2 his experiences at ,west ,point2 the years between that and the ,civil ,war2 the great campaigns and battles in which he took part1 and the great men on both sides with whom he came in contact1 especially ,lincoln and ,lee2 his ,presidency2 his trip around the world2 his business venture1 its ending2 the writing of his book2 his death and burial4 ,all of these points should be illustrated with pictures where that is possible1 and each meeting should have a discussion on the period presented4 ,the one copy of the book must of course be loaned in turn to the different committees1 but each one is not to read it all but only the part assigned1 so there would be plenty of time for preparation4 ,such a study would open many different topics1 especially those bearing on the war and on ,grant's trip1 and would be of a definitely educational nature4 ,of course every magazine the club can get should be searched for articles of value for reference4 ,one member might make it her work to go over them each month and make out a list1 copying the titles on a large sheet of paper1 which could be hung up on a door at each club meeting2 or a card catalogue might be kept4 ,in a short time this would make a real1 if small1 reference library4 ,history1 essays1 articles on science1 sketches of travel1 and poems would all be of some use sooner or later4 ,other subjects may be treated in the same way as those suggested4 ,history1 especially different periods in ,english history1 makes delightful study1 and books on nature1 and travel1 and phases of woman's life and work are easy to get and interesting4 ,nature study1 gardening1 bee raising1 the care of poultry and other practical subjects may be introduced with the other work4 ,,iii--,,value ,,of ,,community ,,work ,and then1 aside from working for their own development1 there is the other work a club can undertake1 that for the community1 which is of immense value4 ,the newly coined phrase one hears to-day in connection with farm life is3 ,better farming1 better business1 better living4 ,how to help bring about these three great ends is one of the best things a club can study4 ,the first subject which will come up will be3 ,what are the principal difficulties we have to meet in our homes1 and how can we overcome them8 ,at this point a book should be read aloud in the club1 a chapter at a meeting1 with discussion afterward2 it is1 ,the ,report of the ,commission on ,country ,life1 and is a presentation first1 of the farm problems1 and1 second1 of how to meet them4 ,the chapters on the work of the farmer's wife1 with its difficulties1 will be of especial interest1 but all of it is important to read1 for hygiene in the home1 gardening1 the school and church1 social life1 and many other topics of practical interest are dealt with there and will suggest lines of study for the club4 ,the first topic to treat is that of home hygiene3 discussion of how better ventilation of sleeping rooms1 better protection from flies1 better cooking1 better sanitation can be secured4 ,this will probably occupy several meetings4 ,then will come the topic of beautifying the home1 and this will suggest the cleaning up of the farm yard as the first step to take4 ,later on1 when community work is begun1 this will lead to a house-to-house visitation with the request that all the neighborhood should make their premises more inviting in the same way4 ,,iv--,,improving ,,the ,,public ,,school ,after this the public school will be studied4 ,the building may need repairs and modernizing1 especially the outbuildings1 the playground and the surroundings of the schoolhouse4 ,a chapter in the ,report will be of inestimable value next1 for it points out the need of a redirected education1 one which will give the child of the farm some study of nature1 of agriculture1 health1 sanitation1 domestic science and similar subjects which fit his life4 ,it suggests that the school-teacher and district superintendent should be called to conferences on this subject and asked to help in carrying out plans for the betterment of the school4 ,the next thing for the club to do is to make a social center of the schoolhouse4 ,the crying need of farmers' families is for social life4 ,true1 the grange tries to supply this1 but the women's club can also help by having lectures and concerts and addresses at the schoolhouse1 with stereopticon shows1 dances1 tableaux1 and whatever will make the community happier and better4 ,they may also carry out the suggestion of the ,commission that the school should be brought into direct contact with the ,state ,agricultural ,college1 and professors should come to give demonstrations on farms1 and traveling lectures on orchards1 dairies1 farm pests and other topics should be given4 ,v--,,talks ,,by ,,experts ,when the time for the county fair comes the club may have1 as one ,illinois club did1 a series of talks on all sorts of live topics1 given by experts to all who would come1 the men as well as the women4 ,farm ,life in the ,old ,world1 ,the ,farm ,boy and the ,farm ,problem1 ,bringing ,home and ,school ,together1 ,home-,making for ,men and ,women1 were given1 and also practical demonstrations on preserving1 bread and butter making1 and other domestic subjects4 ,besides these there was a fruit and vegetable show with prizes1 given by the children4 ,then there is the beautifying of the little village4 ,the club may clean it up1 plant shade trees and shrubbery1 freshen up the paint of the railroad station and make its driveway attractive1 take charge of the cemetery lots which are neglected1 make a common in the middle of the town if possible1 and have flowers and trees there1 and1 most important of all1 create a sentiment among the people which will lead to abolishing the loafing places about town4 ,the club may also help the village church or1 rather1 churches4 ,these are a problem in every farming community1 for there are usually too many for the population1 and no one of them is well supported4 ,it may be that some clubs may be successful in having a union church2 but1 if not that1 at least they can frown on the spirit of jealousy between the churches and establish cooeperation4 ,the buildings may be freed from their mortgages1 the interiors freshened1 the choirs improved1 the minister's house papered1 the ,sunday school modernized1 the women's societies assisted4 ,there is always plenty to be done to help a struggling country church4 ,a town library may be started by the gift of one book by each family1 and club women may take turns in giving out the books one day a week and providing entertainments to raise money to buy more4 ,clubs may also help the town celebrate fete days3 ,arbor ,day1 the ,fourth of ,july1 ,harvest ,home1 and the birthdays of local celebrities or of ,washington and ,lincoln4 ,the schoolhouse may be used for such meetings4 ,the motto of every rural club should be3 ,cooeperation4 ,as one kind of work is taken up after another it will soon be seen how much women can do if they work together for the good of all4 ,the little club nucleus may draw to itself the men of the community1 the young people1 and even the children1 and together they may build up something fine1 something of substantial value4 ,country life has its problems1 but far more1 it has its great1 glorious opportunities4 ,these are some of the helpful books to be bought1 or borrowed from the ,state ,library3 ,the ,report of the ,commission on ,country ,life4 7,sturges and ,walton47 ,cooeperation ,among ,farmers1 ,john ,lee ,coulter4 7,sturgis and ,walton47 ,the ,rural ,problem in the ,united ,states1 ,sir ,horace ,plunkett4 7,macmillan47 ,how to ,live in the ,country4 ,e4 ,p4 ,powell 7,outing ,publishing ,co47 ,a ,self-,supporting ,home and ,the ,earth's ,bounty4 ,kate ,v4 ,st ,maur4 7,macmillan47 ,,chapter ,,xii ,,the ,,history ,,of ,,england ,in studying the subject presented1 for general reference use ,the ,short ,history of ,england by ,e4 ,p4 ,cheney 7,ginn ,co471 and ,halleck's ,english ,literature 7,american ,book ,company74 ,all topics can also be looked up in the ,encyclopaedia ,britannica4 ,i--,,druids1 ,,celts1 ,,romans1 ,,and ,,saxons ,begin with some idea of the prehistoric conditions in ,great ,britain1 and have a map study4 ,follow with a sketch of the ,druids1 the ,celts and their folk lore and the ,arthurian legends4 ,the ,roman conquest comes next4 ,read ,tennyson's ,boadicea4 ,discuss3 ,what did ,rome give ,england of permanent value8 ,the early ,saxons will bring in the coming of ,st4 ,augustine to ,england and the history of early ,christianity there4 ,read of ,caedmon at ,whitby and the ,venerable ,bede1 as the beginnings of ,english literature4 ,following this will be the stories of ,alfred and his reforms1 of ,edward the ,confessor1 and ,harold4 ,read from the ,death of ,columba 7,bede's ,ecclesiastical ,history1 ,bohn's ,library71 ,bulwer's ,harold1 and ,beowulf 7translation in ,riverside ,literary ,series1 ,houghton ,mifflin ,co474 ,,ii--,,the ,,normans ,,and ,,plantagenets ,the economic and political changes of this time should be especially emphasized4 ,domesday ,book1 ,magna ,charta1 the development of the feudal system1 chivalry1 the rise in power of the nobles1 the hardships of the poor1 the ,normans on the ,continent1 and the ,crusaders1 with their effect on commerce1 are all to be taken up4 ,have readings from ,charles ,kingsley's ,hereward the ,wake1 ,scott's ,talisman1 and ,maurice ,hewlett's ,richard ,yea-and-,nay4 ,the list of the ,plantagenet kings is long and their reigns are full of interest1 but the main emphasis here1 as under the ,normans1 belongs to the development of the nation4 ,take the subjects of the building of universities2 the growth of ,parliament2 the increase of learning among the people2 and ,chaucer1 with the ,canterbury ,tales as pictures of the life of the times4 ,in studying ,edward ,,iii read of his relations with ,scotland and ,france1 and give an account of his famous battles4 ,with the reign of ,richard ,,ii comes the ,peasants' ,revolt4 ,discuss3 ,how did it represent the spirit of the age8 ,an interesting account may be given of ,henry ,,iv and ,henry ,v4 ,give some idea of the ,wars of the ,roses1 and close the period with an account of the ,princes in the ,tower1 ,caxton and printing1 and the ,english ,bible4 ,read from ,shakespeare's ,henry ,,iv1 ,henry ,v1 ,henry ,,vi1 and ,richard ,,iii2 also ,stevenson's ,the ,black ,arrow1 ,rossetti's ,the ,king's ,tragedy1 ,de ,quincey's ,joan of ,arc4 ,,iii--,,the ,,tudors ,at this point the story of ,modern ,england begins4 ,under ,henry ,,vii notice the attempts of pretenders to the throne4 ,read of some of the famous men of the time4 ,henry ,,viii is one of the best known characters in history4 ,speak of his tyrannical rule1 his matrimonial ventures1 his quarrel with the ,pope and its results2 the ,field of the ,cloth of ,gold2 of the ,english ,reformation1 ,tyndale's ,new ,testament and ,more's ,utopia4 ,tell of the brief reign of ,edward ,,vi4 ,mary and the terrible persecutions follow this1 with the connection of ,england and ,spain4 ,notice the fate of ,cranmer1 ,ridley1 and ,latimer2 read the tragic story of ,lady ,jane ,grey4 ,the reign of ,elizabeth is one of the wonderful periods of history4 ,have papers on her religious and political policies2 her relations with ,mary1 ,queen of ,scots2 the war with ,spain2 relations with ,holland2 the ,invincible ,armada1 and kindred subjects4 ,from a literary standpoint the age is of supreme importance1 with ,shakespeare heading a long list of famous names4 ,discuss the ,elizabethan stage4 ,have brief sketches of ,marlowe1 ,ben ,jonson1 ,bacon1 and ,spenser1 with readings4 ,,iv--,,the ,,stuarts ,,and ,,cromwell ,the study of the ,stuarts begins with ,james ,i4 ,when studying ,charles ,i1 take up the struggle of the ,king with ,parliament1 the forced loans1 the ,king's favorites1 and the beginning of the ,civil ,war4 ,at this time ,cromwell becomes the most conspicuous figure in ,european history4 ,have several meetings on the ,commonwealth1 and a study of ,cromwell as a man and a leader4 ,notice that ,home ,rule in ,ireland first comes into prominence4 ,subjects for papers may be3 ,milton and his influence2 ,lovelace and his verses2 ,the ,women of the ,civil ,war 7see ,traill's ,social ,england74 ,read also from ,carlyle's ,cromwell1 ,evelyn's ,diary and ,browning's ,strafford4 ,with ,charles ,,ii disaster came again to ,england4 ,read from ,old ,st4 ,paul by ,wm4 ,harrison ,ainsworth 7,everyman's ,library74 ,have a paper on ,james ,,ii and another on the coming to ,england of ,william and ,mary1 the ,battle of the ,boyne and the new regime4 ,read from ,bunyan's ,pilgrim's ,progress1 ,dryden's ,annus ,mirabilis1 ,scott's ,peveril of the ,peak1 ,blackmore's ,lorna ,doone4 ,the time between this period and that of the ,victorian ,age should have several meetings4 ,study the ,bill of ,rights and its effect2 also the reign of ,queen ,anne1 the writers and the politics of the day4 ,v--,,the ,,georges ,then turn to the ,georges and give an account of their curious court life4 ,the reign of ,george ,,iii touches on our own history4 ,take up our ,revolution and that of ,france4 ,notice the great industrial changes in ,england1 and read from ,adam ,smith's ,wealth of ,nations4 ,napoleon1 the war in ,spain1 ,wellington and ,waterloo1 ,england and the ,slave ,trade1 and ,lord ,nelson1 should all be emphasized4 ,study among others1 the painters ,gainsborough1 ,romney1 and ,reynolds2 have one meeting on these and another on the furniture of the times and its famous makers1 and ,wedgwood china4 ,see ,the ,secret ,history of the ,court of ,england1 by ,lady ,hamilton 7,the ,page ,company74 ,,vi--,,the ,,age ,,of ,,victoria ,several meetings must certainly be given to the reign of ,victoria1 one of the most celebrated in history4 ,the first paper may deal with her as a woman in her home4 ,then take up the politics of the times4 ,have papers on the different wars3 the opium war in ,china1 that in ,afghanistan1 the ,crimea1 the ,sepoy rebellion1 ,general ,gordon and his work4 ,add to these1 papers on the expansion of ,england's colonies and their development2 social and moral progress2 the ,reform ,bill2 the growth of democracy2 the increase of industry through invention1 and the great expansion in scientific fields1 physics1 biology1 botany1 medicine1 and sociology4 ,the ,victorian period is remarkable for its writers4 ,trace the development of the novel as shown in the works of ,thackeray1 ,dickens1 and ,george ,eliot1 with readings4 ,the trend of poetry and the influence of ,tennyson1 ,browning1 and ,swinburne may follow this1 and then have the ,pre-,raphaelite movement with its ideals of art and poetry1 and a study of the ,rossettis4 ,the essayists must be noticed1 especially ,macaulay1 ,carlyle1 ,ruskin1 and ,pater1 and the subject of painting and music studied with its various exponents4 ,,vii--,,the ,,present ,last of all comes the study of ,england in our own time4 ,begin with papers on ,edward ,,vii and ,george ,v1 and their ministers1 especially noticing ,lloyd-,george and ,asquith2 speak of the ,welsh ,disestablishment ,bill1 the ,education ,bill1 and the ,ulster ,question4 ,notice the ,english laws concerning women and children2 speak also of suffrage4 ,close with the great war which began in #aiad1 its causes1 leading men and principal events4 ,have several meetings on the novelists1 poets1 playwrights1 and artists of to-day4 ,a special study might also be made of the cathedrals of ,england4 ,see ,the ,cathedrals of ,england1 by ,mary ,j4 ,tabor 7,the ,page ,company74 ,,chapter ,,xiii ,,woman',s ,,problems ,,of ,,work ,,introductory ,the outline given here may be amplified by taking up in the same general way the conditions of life of women in several representative countries1 both the rich and poor1 the workers and the women of leisure1 closing the year with an outlook on the whole woman question of the world4 ,the first point to be taken up is the life of the primitive woman4 ,she was the great laborer4 ,the man hunted and fished and fought1 and the woman sowed and reaped1 did the drudgery of the home1 made clothing1 prepared food1 and bore the responsibility4 ,as civilization slowly crept in she relinquished many of her out-of-door tasks and developed greater ability to meet the steadily increasing problems within doors4 ,notice where savagery still persists1 women remain in the same condition as in primitive times4 ,read of the ,african women1 and the ,bushmen of ,australia4 ,the study of the ,hebrew women is the next point1 for they advanced from a comparatively obscure position to one of honor4 ,the ,greek women may be compared with them4 ,read of the life of the ,roman women4 ,next will come the study of the ,anglo-,saxon women1 working with their hands1 but intelligent and forceful4 ,study the women of the next period1 that of the ,crusades4 ,read of the romantic lives of some1 and follow with a paper on the women in convents and their occupations4 ,from this point on1 women's work remained much the same for the leisure class2 but as life grew socially more complex1 work became more intricate and varied4 ,the study of cottage industries may be mentioned here4 ,have several papers showing the life of the time our own colonies were established1 and the work done by women4 ,the important thing to be noticed is that all women worked2 idleness was not in fashion4 ,they spun and wove1 they knitted and dyed1 they made candles and table linen1 and cotton and woolen clothing4 ,some few still carried on cottage industries or taught dames' schools1 and a few managed farms or kept shops or taverns2 but most of them were employed in the home exclusively4 ,about the middle of the nineteenth century came the great world-wide industrial revolution which forever changed women's work1 and for a time the work of men4 ,read of the introduction of machines into the ,english districts where the hand looms had been in use4 ,have papers or talks on conditions everywhere in this transition period4 ,this was the beginning of the great work of women in factories4 ,especially in ,new ,england1 factory work became a large part of life4 ,daughters of farmers1 of shop-keepers1 of the owners of the mills themselves1 and many school-teachers in vacation1 were employed from five o'clock in the morning until seven o'clock in the evening4 ,there was no social stigma put upon them4 ,read from the early history of ,mount ,holyoke4 ,mill towns were considered models of quietness and morality because of the presence of hundreds of women4 ,their life was full of intellectual stimulation2 lyceums brought the best lecturers3 ,emerson1 ,lowell1 and other great writers and orators often spoke2 the women edited and published little newspapers of their own4 ,lucy ,larcom was a mill girl2 read her poem called ,an ,idyl of ,work1 and her paper published in the ,atlantic ,monthly1 volume #dh1 called ,mill ,girls' ,magazines4 ,but the hours of work were too long1 the boarding houses too poor1 the pay too meager4 ,gradually the ,american girl was replaced by the foreigner1 and this period of work was at an end4 ,from this point factory work1 as we know it1 will open before the club4 ,study it especially in relation to cigar and cigarette and candy making1 and in clothing industries of all sorts4 ,describe conditions as factory inspection has discovered them2 notice the unsafe buildings1 the long hours1 heavy fines1 and low pay4 ,discuss what should be done to remedy such evils4 ,have some of these questions taken up3 ,should ,women ,enter ,trade ,unions1 or ,is ,organization ,unnecessary8 ,do ,strikes ,pay8 ,should ,women ,insist on ,compensation for ,injuries and ,old-,age ,pensions8 ,can a ,woman ,work ,all ,day and ,still ,bear ,healthy ,children and ,bring ,them ,up ,properly8 ,should ,there ,be ,mothers' ,pensions8 ,what of ,night ,work for ,women8 ,describe the life of the night scrub-woman in a city4 ,read ,the ,long ,day4 ,turning to the work of women in shops1 notice that it was about #ahei when the first women took this up4 ,compare the conditions then with conditions to-day4 ,describe welfare work4 ,discuss the living wage1 and question whether this should not depend on competence4 ,what of lack of recreation and social life8 ,does the low wage drive girls to immorality8 ,what can be done locally to better conditions in our shops8 ,this all leads up to the enormous subject of women's work to-day4 ,it is said that three hundred lines of work are open to them1 and clubs should select what they prefer to study4 ,among the many books of reference to be found on these and similar topics are3 ,woman and ,labor1 ,olive ,schreiner 7,f4 ,a4 ,stokes ,co472 ,women and ,economics1 ,charlotte ,perkins ,stetson 7,small1 ,maynard72 ,women in ,industry1 ,edith ,abbott 7,d4 ,appleton ,co472 ,the ,american ,business ,woman1 ,j4 ,h4 ,cromwell 7,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons72 ,women's ,share in ,social ,culture1 ,anna ,g4 ,spencer 7,mitchell ,kennerley72 ,the ,long ,day1 ,d4 ,richardson 7,century ,co472 ,woman and ,social ,progress1 ,scott and ,nellie ,nearing 7,the ,macmillan ,co472 ,the ,girl ,who ,earns ,her ,own ,living1 ,anna ,steese ,richardson 7,dodge72 ,how ,women ,may ,earn a ,living1 ,helen ,c4 ,candee 7,the ,macmillan ,co472 ,the ,business of ,being a ,woman1 ,ida ,m4 ,tarbell 7,the ,macmillan ,co472 ,mrs4 ,julia ,ward ,howe and the ,suffrage ,movement1 by ,florence ,howe ,hall 7,the ,page ,company74 ,,chapter ,,xiv ,,women',s ,,problems ,,of ,,work--,,continued ,i--,,to-,,day ,clubs may begin this study with the problems of the woman in the tenement4 ,there is the home itself4 ,she is hampered by a small1 crowded space in which to bring up the family2 there is insufficient light and air1 it is too cold in winter and too hot in summer2 there are few conveniences for washing or cooking2 beds are generally uncomfortable1 the walls are cumbered with clothing1 there is no space for the children to play and no privacy4 ,the first paper may describe the home in detail and be followed with a reading from ,how the ,other ,half ,lives1 by ,jacob ,riis4 ,the next paper may take up certain difficulties of management the woman in the tenement must contend with4 ,if she takes in work1 tailoring1 or flower making1 or anything of the kind1 space is even less than before4 ,if she goes out to work1 the care of the house falls on the children1 who are overworked and neglected4 ,she seldom knows how to buy economically1 or cook appetizingly1 or make clothing for her family4 ,if the husband loses work1 she must feel the stress of need4 ,all the tenement life tends to send the children to the streets for amusement and air1 the husband to the saloon for entertainment4 ,the boys are apt to grow up without the instincts of home1 and the girls often become immoral4 ,the third paper may present some solutions of her various problems4 ,there are laws requiring space and air in tenements1 and landlords who neglect their buildings may be made to better them2 the work of the ,legal ,aid ,association in these and other respects is to be studied4 ,then women of the tenements should be brought into touch with ,friendly ,visitors and settlements1 taught to clean up1 to sew1 to buy1 to cook1 to make home attractive4 ,the children must be put into day nurseries if the mother goes out2 the school teacher must come in to advise about the growing children2 the music settlement may possibly give a hand2 certainly the classes for boys and girls in the settlements1 and the libraries1 and evenings of recreation there may help them4 ,the ,little ,mothers' ,aid ,association1 and the fresh air work1 the recreation piers1 the small parks1 and many other helps may be drawn upon4 ,all these and others should be described4 ,read from the report of the ,housing ,reform1 published by the ,charities ,publication ,committee at #aje ,east ,twenty-second ,street1 ,new ,york2 also from the pamphlet on ,remedial ,loans1 ,national ,federation of ,remedial ,loan ,associations1 #ca ,union ,square1 ,new ,york1 and the report of the ,little ,mothers' ,aid ,association1 #bcf ,second ,avenue1 ,new ,york1 and from material from the ,national ,federation of ,settlements1 #bj ,union ,park1 ,boston4 ,,ii--,,the ,,sick ,,poor ,,in ,,city ,,and ,,country ,the second meeting may be on the subject of the sick poor1 in country and city4 ,one paper may be on personal experiences among the poor in country districts--what their conditions are1 what is lacking1 how to help them without injuring their pride4 ,discuss how relief can be given without pauperization4 ,if possible have some one speak of the work in the country1 such as is done by the neighborly settlement of ,keene ,valley1 ,new ,york4 ,the state of things among the city poor is even worse than in the country4 ,mention the trouble if the man of the house is sick and out of work1 and there is no other wage earner4 ,speak of the state of things when there is a new-born baby2 describe the sick child alone all day with few toys or none1 and the chronic invalid in the slums4 ,read ,the ,lady of ,shallott1 by ,elizabeth ,phelps ,ward in ,little ,classics4 ,the third paper or talk may present the brighter side of the picture4 ,it may tell of what individuals have done in great gifts for hospitals1 clinics1 and work for cripples and babies1 of pure milk and free ice1 of dispensaries1 of food for convalescents1 of floating hospitals1 and parties of mothers and babies at the seashore4 ,read from descriptions of these and other helpful society work4 ,notice also what is being done in teaching consumptives to live on the roof1 in keeping babies safely on the fire escape1 in the work of the visiting nurse1 the care of the cancerous poor1 and the general wave of helpfulness going out in every quarter4 ,information on all these points and others may be had by writing to the charity organization of any large city1 or to a settlement4 ,club women should make practical these two subjects--of the tenement-house woman and the sick poor--by discussing what the club can do to help4 ,,iii--,,the ,,woman ,,who ,,works ,,for ,,pay ,,in ,,the ,,home ,the third problem for study is that of the woman who works for pay in the home4 ,this naturally falls into two divisions3 ,there is first the woman who takes in sewing1 either by the piece or by wholesale1 making trousers or cloaks1 or artificial flowers1 or conducting any of the home trades4 ,have a presentation of each of these1 with the hours spent on the work1 the pay1 the effect on health1 and the lack of care the children receive4 ,the second part of the subject is that of domestic service4 ,one paper should be on employment bureaus1 their worth1 the morals of many of them1 and the laws governing them4 ,a second brief paper may be on references and their ethics4 ,the subjects of the supply and demand of servants1 of the relation of mistress and maid1 of the hours of work1 of wages1 of the maid's room1 her time off1 her friends1 the care of sick and old servants1 may all follow4 ,discuss3 ,what can be done to give us better servants8 ,do servants' unions help matters or make them worse8 ,are clubs for servants desirable8 ,can employers combine to make relations between mistresses and maids better8 ,,iv--,,women ,,workers ,,in ,,mills ,work in the factory is the problem which follows next4 ,the sweatshop work is of great importance4 ,note how many women are away from home all day2 how there is a season of overwork and a dull season without pay2 the steady use of the sewing machine1 with or without power2 the poor ventilation and sanitation of the shops2 the dim light1 causing loss of eyesight2 the fines2 the effect of noise and confusion on the nerves of the women2 all these are of deep interest4 ,read from the reports of the ,national ,consumers' ,league1 to be obtained by writing to ,mrs4 ,florence ,kelley1 #ajf ,east ,nineteenth ,street1 ,new ,york1 and let the club women decide to insist on the use of the white label on the garments they buy4 ,the work of manufactories and mills may be divided into as many papers as there is time2 there is the work of women in the canneries with its hours of labor and often with night work2 the work in mills1 the danger from machinery1 and the impaired health of employees4 ,read from ,woman and the ,trades by ,elizabeth ,b4 ,butler1 published by the ,russell ,sage ,foundation1 #aje ,east ,twenty-second ,street1 ,new ,york4 ,discuss the condition of women workers in mills and manufactories1 and the strength of their children4 ,where mills are near at hand clubs may find out if the machinery is protected1 if there is accident insurance or an employers' liability1 and whether there are pensions4 ,there may be a paper1 to close the subject1 on strikes of women workers and how much they have accomplished4 ,read from ,fatigue and ,efficiency1 by ,josephine ,goldmark4 ,v--,,the ,,problem ,,of ,,child ,,labor ,the problem of child labor properly comes under the problems of women1 for the mother is responsible for the child's health and development4 ,the first topic is that of the child at home who must take the mother's place1 do the housework1 care for the children1 assume the responsibility4 ,what of her health and schooling8 ,then there is the child who does paid work at home1 extracts nut meats1 makes artificial flowers and the like4 ,what of its pay8 ,is it a fair one8 ,what of the effect of long hours of confinement8 ,street occupations come next2 these are largely taken by boys1 and the work of the newspaper seller1 the district messenger1 the boot-black1 the errand boy1 should all be studied4 ,is their health impaired8 ,are their morals endangered8 ,are the boys educated8 ,the work of children in mills and factories is often most distressing4 ,conditions in glass factories1 mines1 canneries1 silk mills1 in the shrimp industry1 and in the ,southern cotton mills are all to be studied4 ,note the great numbers of children so employed3 in ,pennsylvania in #aiad1 #cc1jjj2 in ,massachusetts1 #ab1jjj2 in ,north ,carolina1 #aj1jjj1 and in other ,states large numbers4 ,discuss the future of such children4 ,compare the work of bound-out children on farms and in the country generally4 ,read ,mrs4 ,browning's ,cry of the ,children and ,e4 ,k4 ,coulter's ,children in the ,shadow4 ,one meeting should take up the laws of the ,state on child labor4 ,see ,some ,ethical ,gains ,through ,legislation1 by ,mrs4 ,florence ,kelley1 which gives valuable material on this point1 and a pamphlet by ,josephine ,goldmark1 called ,child ,labor ,legislation1 published by the ,american ,academy of ,political and ,social ,science1 ,philadelphia4 ,the ,child ,labor ,committee at #aje ,east ,twenty-second ,street1 ,new ,york1 will send pamphlets free of charge4 ,,vi--,,the ,,shop ,,girl ,,and ,,her ,,life ,the next great problem of woman's work to-day is that of the workers in retail shops4 ,this may be made extremely interesting if the chairman of the program will arrange to have the club members interview in advance a number of shop girls1 and find out something of the conditions under which they work1 of their pay1 their home life and other points1 and give personal reports4 ,one paper or talk may be on the usual hours of work1 the kind of work done1 the hours of overwork1 the pay1 the prospect of advancement4 ,a second paper may be on the rest-room1 the noon hour1 the luncheon provided for pay1 and especially on what is known as welfare work1 which many large shops do4 ,a third paper may discuss the relation of the girls to their employers1 or to the floor walker2 telling of care or tyranny1 of fines1 of the sanitary conditions of cloak rooms1 of the effect on health of long standing4 ,this may be followed by a third paper on the cost of a shop girl's living2 of room rent1 food1 clothing1 car fares and recreation2 how does the result compare with her pay8 ,discuss the minimum wage4 ,is it fair to pay alike the competent and incompetent8 ,is immorality due to a low living wage8 ,can a girl save for illness8 ,read ,an ,unfinished ,story1 by ,o4 ,henry1 in ,the ,four ,million4 7,doubleday47 ,have different women suggest what can be done to help the shop girl4 ,describe what is called preventive work1 done largely by girls from college in the evening1 and the work of the ,y4 ,w4 ,c4 ,a41 and settlements4 ,what can club women do by way of personal acquaintance and interest8 ,what of short shopping hours and early ,christmas shopping8 ,read from a paper called ,the ,club ,worker1 published by the ,national ,league of ,women ,workers2 address1 ,hotel ,savoy1 ,new ,york2 and from ,saleswomen in ,mercantile ,stores1 by ,elizabeth ,b4 ,butler1 published at #aje ,east ,twenty-second ,street1 ,new ,york4 ,,vii--,,the ,,business ,,woman ,the problems of the business woman in a larger way will naturally follow this4 ,one paper may speak of women who are managing farms and ranches1 others who have become the heads of business houses or real estate offices2 some who are chemists1 or designers or decorators2 those who have tea rooms1 who buy for importing houses or engage in catering4 ,the work of the great army of stenographers and private secretaries would also come under this topic4 ,present the different fields of work1 and illustrate with examples as far as possible1 and then discuss these and similar questions3 ,do women naturally incline to business8 ,is their home training at fault for the many mistakes of the average woman8 ,should fathers see that their daughters understand something of banking1 of keeping accounts1 of investments1 of managing an income8 ,how much should a girl know of business8 ,should every girl be able to earn a living8 ,,viii--,,the ,,professional ,,woman ,,and ,,her ,,difficulties ,the problems of a professional woman may be made the subject of several meetings4 ,present the lives of the doctor1 the nurse1 the lawyer1 the professor1 the school teacher1 the writer1 the artist1 the musician1 and discuss in each case the difficulties she has to contend with4 ,such questions as these may follow3 ,should professional women marry8 ,are their home lives well developed8 ,are they fitted for the career of the law8 ,do writers and artists tend to become bohemians8 ,what are the relations of men and women in the same profession8 ,,ix--,,woman ,,and ,,the ,,state ,the last subject for the year's study is the relation of women and the ,state4 ,one paper may take up some of the laws which govern her1 concerning property2 a second may speak of divorce1 and show the diversity of the laws of different ,states2 a third may tell of the influence of women on legislation1 of lobbying and appearing before committees4 ,the desirability of placing women on certain state and municipal boards such as health1 sanitation1 care of defectives1 vice commissions1 reformatories1 and schools should be fully presented4 ,the subject of equal suffrage will develop from this last topic of the year and both sides should be taken up as fully or as slightly as the club desires4 ,reports of the progress of suffrage in different ,states1 what has been accomplished where it is established1 and kindred themes1 will suggest themselves4 ,read from ,olive ,schreiner's ,woman and ,labor 7,stokes72 ,ellen ,key's ,the ,woman ,movement 7,putnam72 and ,ida ,tarbell's ,the ,business of ,being a ,woman 7,macmillan74 ,,chapter ,,xv ,,some ,,great ,,men ,,of ,,our ,,time ,i--,,rodin--,,sculptor ,ten club meetings are planned here1 but as many more may be arranged by taking up the work of other men along the same lines as those mentioned4 ,the great sculptor of our day is ,auguste ,rodin4 ,he was born in ,paris in #ahdj1 studied at the ,petit ,ecole and later with ,barye4 ,from the latter he gained the double idea that statuary should suggest action and be literally life-like4 ,some of his statues are ,st4 ,john the ,baptist1 ,the ,hand of ,god1 ,the ,thinker1 ,adam and ,eve4 ,the ,bronze ,age1 now in the ,luxembourg1 caused a heated controversy1 the charge being made that a plaster cast of the model had been used4 ,rodin is a pronounced realist and his figures are filled with force4 ,he has inspired this generation of sculptors with a new conception of their work4 ,read from ,the ,life and ,work of ,rodin1 by ,frederick ,lawton 7,scribner74 ,for other meetings on modern sculpture study the work of ,st4 ,gaudens1 ,lorado ,taft1 ,mac,monnies1 ,niehaus1 ,mrs4 ,vonnoh1 ,miss ,yandell1 ,mrs4 ,gertrude ,vanderbilt ,whitney and others4 ,,ii--,,rostand--,,dramatist ,edmond ,rostand1 the dramatist1 represents the literary playwright4 ,he was born in #ahfi1 and educated in ,paris4 ,his first play1 ,les ,romanesques1 was staged in #ahid4 ,the next year came ,la ,princesse ,lointaine1 and two years later ,la ,samaritaine4 ,but the height of ,rostand's brilliant career was reached when he presented ,cyrano de ,bergerac1 a heroic comedy which took the artistic and literary world by storm4 ,l',aiglon followed this1 and ,rostand was then honored with an election to the ,french ,academy4 ,chantecler appeared in #aiaj2 it was an attempt to imitate ,aristophanes by putting birds and animals on the stage1 but though largely advertised it was not a success4 ,read from the study of ,rostand in ,e4 ,e4 ,hale's ,dramatists of ,to-day 7,holt74 ,have a number of selections read from ,cyrano and ,l',aiglon4 ,a meeting on ,maeterlinck should follow this1 and another on ,ibsen1 with criticism1 comparisons1 and readings4 ,,iii--,,james--,,psychologist ,the man who has made philosophy popular to-day is ,william ,james4 ,he was born in ,new ,york ,city1 educated in ,london1 ,paris1 ,boulogne1 and ,geneva1 and then in the scientific and medical schools of ,harvard2 he became professor of psychology and philosophy there4 ,his chief books are ,principles of ,psychology1 ,the ,will to ,believe1 ,human ,immortality1 ,varieties of ,religious ,experience1 ,pragmatism1 and ,a ,pluralistic ,universe4 ,he died in #aiaj4 ,professor ,james1 like his brother1 ,henry ,james the novelist1 was a man of letters4 ,he dealt with the fundamental problems of human life in a distinctly fresh way and wrote of them in a style of singular clearness1 vivacity1 and humor4 ,his philosophy is based on the idea that truth is that which has the value of truth to us4 ,many clubs would enjoy a whole year of study of ,james's books4 ,at least there should be several meetings for readings from ,the ,will to ,believe1 and ,pragmatism1 and from the biography1 ,william ,james1 by ,emile ,boutroux 7,longmans74 ,study also the work of the ,french philosopher1 ,bergson1 and that of the ,german1 ,eucken1 recent visitors to ,america4 ,,iv--,,booth--,,religious ,,leader ,gen4 ,william ,booth was1 religiously1 one of the notable figures of our times2 but aside from that he was one of the greatest organizers of his generation4 ,born in ,nottingham1 ,england1 in #ahbi1 he early became a ,wesleyan ,methodist1 but later independent4 ,he founded the society which developed into the great ,salvation ,army1 modeled after the ,english ,army1 but involving a discipline even more strict4 ,at first ,booth met bitter opposition3 churches where he had preached formerly were closed to him2 he was called a mountebank and accused of having brought religion into contempt2 but he steadily won favor for obviously great good done4 ,in #ahij he published his book1 ,in ,darkest ,england and the ,way ,out1 suggesting social and religious methods of helping the very poor4 ,this book made his work respected by intelligent men everywhere4 ,he died in #aiab4 ,telegrams of sympathy were sent to his family by kings and emperors1 presidents1 governors1 and great men of all nations4 ,his funeral was a wonderful spectacle4 ,read from the ,life of ,general ,william ,booth1 by ,g4 ,s4 ,bailton1 published by ,doran1 and have several papers written on different phases of the work of the ,army4 ,read the poem3 ,general ,william ,booth enters ,heaven1 by ,nicholas ,vachel ,lindsay 7,mitchell ,kennerley74 ,another great religious leader of the times was ,dwight ,l4 ,moody2 have a meeting on his evangelistic work and the ,northfield schools4 ,v--,,toynbee--,,social ,,worker ,clubs will be interested to follow this study with one of a man who inspired as great a work as ,booth1 and founded as important an institution--,arnold ,toynbee1 the originator of the social settlement4 ,toynbee was born in ,london in #aheb4 ,he spent ten years at ,oxford as undergraduate1 tutor and lecturer1 and there came under the influence of ,buskin's social teachings4 ,he took a deep interest in trades unions1 and worked for better hours1 more sanitary homes1 open spaces in cities1 and free libraries4 ,in #ahge he took lodgings in ,whitechapel1 one of ,london's worst slums1 in order to live among the poor and help them in a neighborly way4 ,on account of his delicate health he was unable to continue there long2 but his example brought other ,oxford men1 and when he died in #ahhc they organized a social university settlement and called it ,toynbee ,hall4 ,this was the first fully equipped institution of the kind1 and at once it attracted attention everywhere and was immediately followed by the establishment of others in ,england and ,america1 and later in all lands4 ,to-day in the ,united ,states alone there are more than five hundred such settlements4 ,read ,arnold ,toynbee1 by ,f4 ,c4 ,montague1 published by the ,johns ,hopkins ,university ,press1 and see the ,handbook of ,settlements1 by ,r4 ,a4 ,woods1 published by the ,sage ,foundation1 ,new ,york4 ,clubs may also have a meeting on ,jane ,addams and ,hull ,house1 and read chapters from the book1 ,twenty ,years at ,hull ,house1 by ,miss ,addams 7,macmillan74 ,,vi--,,edison--,,inventor ,thomas ,edison is one of the greatest inventive mechanical geniuses who ever lived4 ,his life story is outwardly uneventful4 ,he was born in ,ohio in #ahdg1 and at twelve became a train boy2 he took advantage of an empty express room in a car and printed a little newspaper called ,the ,grand ,trunk ,herald1 and also carried on chemical and electrical experiments there4 ,these came to an end when he set fire to the car accidentally1 and was dismissed by the angry conductor4 ,he learned telegraphy and practiced it in several cities1 coming after a time to ,new ,york4 ,there he invented a printing telegraph machine1 known as the ticker1 to record stock quotations4 ,this brought him in forty thousand dollars and enabled him to set up his famous laboratory at ,menlo ,park1 in ,new ,jersey4 ,his first really great invention was the quadruplex telegraph1 which makes it possible to send four messages over one wire at the same time4 ,next came the carbon transmitter4 ,edison's third great work was the discovery of the carbon filament for the incandescent light1 and his next the phonograph1 which has developed into extended and various use4 ,his work on the cinematograph has brought moving pictures into a conspicuous place not only for amusement but for education4 ,read from ,edison--,his ,life and ,inventions1 by ,f4 ,l4 ,dyer 7,harper74 ,clubs interested in modern discoveries1 should take up in this connection the work of ,marconi and the ,wright brothers2 there is material here for several meetings4 ,,vii--,,morgan--,,financier ,no study of the men of our time would be complete without considering one of the famous financiers of the present age of wealth4 ,among a group of several1 ,j4 ,pierpont ,morgan stands easily first as the greatest organizer4 ,born in ,connecticut in #ahcg1 he studied in ,boston and later in ,germany1 and at the age of twenty became a banker4 ,his first large business deal1 however1 was in the acquisition of a railroad1 taking it from the hands of an infamous ring who controlled it and reorganizing it4 ,after this he adopted the syndicate method for floating bonds4 ,he financed many trunk lines of railway1 the ocean steamship business1 the coal and railway business of ,pennsylvania1 the ,guarantee ,trust ,company1 with a capital of #aej1jjj1jjj1 and the ,united ,states ,steel ,corporation1 with a capital of #a1djj1jjj1jjj4 ,it is said that he controlled three billion dollars of railway properties4 ,the secret of ,morgan's success lay in his skill in estimating railway values1 his unerring memory1 and his extraordinary genius for detail4 ,he had immense determination and force hidden behind a profound reticence4 ,his aims were broad and his outlook was over the country as a whole4 ,his fame rests on his ability both as a financier and as a great collector1 for he used much of his enormous wealth in building up one of the world's great collections of books1 manuscripts1 pictures1 and curios4 ,read from ,the ,life ,story of ,pierpont ,morgan1 by ,carl ,hovey 7,sturgis and ,walton74 ,study the lives of other financiers of our time1 comparing and contrasting them1 taking especially the two men of great wealth1 ,rockefeller and ,carnegie4 ,,viii--,,kelvin--,,scientist ,william ,thomson1 later ,sir ,william1 and later still ,baron ,kelvin1 the greatest exponent of physical science in our age1 was born in ,belfast in #ahbd1 the son of a teacher of mathematics4 ,at twenty-two he was made professor of natural philosophy at ,glasgow1 and he held this position for more than fifty years4 ,in #ahea he read his first paper before the ,royal ,society2 its subject was ,the ,dissipation of ,energy1 and it was the original statement of the law now universally accepted4 ,he made many leading discoveries concerning elasticity1 electricity1 heat1 vortex motion1 and magnetism1 and was recognized as the leading authority upon them4 ,he was also a practical inventor1 with fifty-six patents to his credit4 ,he devised the instrument which made ocean telegraphy practical1 the device now universally used for measuring electricity1 the present form of the marine compass1 the tide gauge1 and the deep sea sounding apparatus4 ,he was knighted for his work in #ahff and made ,lord ,kelvin in #ahib1 besides receiving countless honors from universities1 academies1 and governments4 ,he died in #aijg4 ,read from ,lord ,kelvin1 by ,andrew ,gray1 in the ,english ,men of ,science series4 ,clubs may also study the work of ,sir ,william ,ramsay and the ,curies4 ,,ix--,,peary ,,and ,,amundsen--,,explorers ,the finding of the ,north and ,south ,poles is among the great events of our times4 ,the discoverer of the former was ,robert ,e4 ,peary1 who was born in #ahef in ,pennsylvania1 was educated at ,bowdoin ,college1 and became an engineer in the ,united ,states ,navy1 ranking as lieutenant4 ,in #ahhf he explored ,greenland and five years later headed an expedition to that country and proved that it is an island4 ,four northern trips succeeded this1 the latter two under the auspices of the specially formed ,peary ,arctic ,club4 ,he was then given the rank of commander and was made president of the ,american ,geographical ,society4 ,in #aije and #aijh he went north in the ship ,roosevelt1 and on the latter trip the ,pole was reached ,april #f1 #aiji4 ,clubs should read ,peary's own book1 ,the ,north ,pole1 published by ,stokes1 and also the book written by his wife1 ,the ,snow ,baby1 the story of the little daughter who was born in the ,far ,north4 ,read also the account of the claims of ,doctor ,cook to have found the ,pole4 ,the ,south ,pole was discovered by ,roald ,amundsen1 who was born in ,norway in #ahgb4 ,like ,peary1 he became a naval lieutenant4 ,in #ahia he made observations of the ,east ,greenland currents1 and two years later he gave nineteen months to observations connected with the magnetic pole4 ,in #aijd he made the ,northwest ,passage4 ,in #aiaj there was a race to discover the ,south ,pole1 between the ,british1 led by ,scott1 who perished after reaching the goal1 and the ,danish1 led by ,amundsen4 ,the latter sailed in the little ship ,fram1 landed on the ,great ,ice ,barrier1 marched rapidly on more than eight hundred miles and1 ,december #af1 #aiaa1 reached the ,south ,pole4 ,read the discoverer's own account3 ,the ,south ,pole1 published by ,keedick4 ,clubs may make a serious study of polar expeditions1 which have been many1 and of their stories of bravery and tragedy4 ,read the books of ,sven ,hedin4 ,x--,,goethals--,,engineer ,the construction of the ,panama ,canal is one of the striking engineering feats of to-day1 and its success is owing mainly to ,george ,w4 ,goethals4 ,he was born in ,brooklyn1 ,new ,york1 in #aheh1 was graduated at ,west ,point1 and began his career as a second lieutenant of engineers4 ,he taught at ,west ,point for a time1 and was chief of engineers during the ,spanish-,american ,war and also a member of the ,board of ,fortifications4 ,after #aijg he was chief engineer of the ,panama ,canal1 and it is his work here that has made him famous4 ,to secure efficiency great power was placed in his hands4 ,he was chairman of the ,isthmian ,canal ,commission1 president of the ,panama ,railway1 and governor of the ,canal ,zone4 ,he had forty thousand men working under him in different departments4 ,the completed canal cost #cge1jjj1jjj and is one of the most colossal engineering achievements of history4 ,read ,panama1 ,past and ,present1 by ,farnham ,bishop 7,the ,century ,company71 ,panama and the ,canal ,to-day1 by ,forbes ,lindsay 7,the ,page ,company71 and ,old ,panama1 by ,c4 ,l4 ,g4 ,anderson 7,the ,page ,company74 ,clubs should study also the history of the canal in past years and especially the story of ,de ,lesseps4 ,,chapter ,,xvi ,,the ,,literature ,,of ,,the ,,bible ,the study of the ,bible1 not from a theological or critical point of view but from that which is solely literary1 makes a fascinating subject for clubs4 ,many distinguished writers have treated it in this way1 and by using their books in connection with the suggested ,bible readings clubs will find a year all too short to do justice to the subject4 ,i--,,the ,,beginnings ,the first meeting will be on the ,creation1 with three main topics for papers1--the ,creation narrative1 the idyl of the ,garden of ,eden and the entrance of sin1--with readings from ,genesis to illustrate each point4 ,the emphasis should be laid on the simplicity1 dignity1 and naivete of these early chapters1 and their high literary value as a poetic attempt to describe the origin of the world4 ,compare with this ,hebrew account that found in the ,babylonian myths on the clay tablets discovered in the ruins of ,nineveh1 and also the ,chaldean account of the victory of their chief god ,marduk over chaos4 ,these will be found in ,the ,religion of the ,babylonians and ,assyrians1 by ,morris ,jastrow1 ,jr4 7,ginn ,co474 ,read these1 and also ,milton's account in ,paradise ,lost4 ,the next meeting should take up the leading men of early times1 beginning with ,noah4 ,notice the recurrence of the story of the ,flood in the primitive legends of many lands4 ,look up the ,deucalion story in ,greek mythology1 and see the ,hindu1 ,australian1 and ,american ,indian myths on this point1 and read the translation of the ,chaldean account of the ,deluge4 ,the period closes with the story of the ,tower of ,babel1 which is to be read from the ,bible4 ,a study of the ,patriarchs follows next4 ,abraham's life should be read1 wholly or in part1 and a picture should be drawn of him as a wealthy ,oriental1 pastoral chief1 and the immense importance of his character in the thought of ,jews1 ,moslems1 and ,christians4 ,select and read some of the traditions embedded in the ,koran4 ,to introduce the topic of ,isaac read first the charming love story of the wooing of ,rebekah4 ,then read the story of the selling of ,esau's birthright1 and ,jacob's dream4 ,compare the characters of the brothers4 ,the most complete story in the ,bible from a literary standpoint is that of ,joseph4 ,after the description of his childhood give the outline of his earlier dreams and their result1 his life in ,egypt and his prison dreams1 his release1 the visit of his family1 and his later life4 ,this will all lead up to the topic of the next meeting4 ,,ii--,,the ,,making ,,of ,a ,,nation ,the civilization of early ,egypt is of great interest1 and material for a study will be found in ,breasted's ,history of the ,ancient ,egyptians 7,scribner71 and the ,short ,history of ,ancient ,egypt1 by ,newberry and ,garstang 7,dana ,estes74 ,to illustrate1 read quotations from ,the ,book of the ,dead1 in ,literature of ,all ,nations 7,hawthorne's ,library74 ,show pictures of the ,pyramids1 the ,sphinx1 the ,nile1 and any others which may be obtained1 and have a talk on the relations between masters and slaves at this time4 ,the story of ,moses the ,deliverer may be introduced by reading from the ,bible the account of the finding of the baby by the princess1 and his adoption4 ,tell of his later history and his resolution to be the leader of his people1 and read of the passage of the ,red ,sea1 and ,miriam's ,song of ,triumph4 ,follow by descriptions of episodes of special interest in the wanderings in the desert1 the golden calf1 the story of ,korah and that of ,balaam4 ,one paper should take ,moses as a ,lawgiver for its subject1 with a brief outline of the remarkable ,hebrew legislation2 notice that this was what kept the ,jews as a separate race4 ,have an estimate of ,moses1 comparing him with other great national leaders4 ,show a picture of ,michael ,angelo's statue2 have recited the farewell of ,moses to his people1 given in ,monitors ,modern ,reader's ,bible1 in poetical form4 ,the old poem ,the ,burial of ,moses1 by ,cecil ,f4 ,alexander1 in ,warner's ,library of the ,world's ,best ,literature1 may also be given4 ,next will come the study of ,joshua the ,conqueror4 ,at this meeting have a map of ,palestine and use it to show the settling of the ,hebrews in the land4 ,read the story of the expedition of the spies and its result1 the siege of ,jericho and1 last1 ,joshua's farewell4 ,compare ,moses and ,joshua1 and show the differences in their character and work4 ,,iii--,,the ,,heroes ,the hero stories of the nation come in at this point4 ,deborah and ,sisera is a subject often used in poetry and painting1 and the song of ,deborah1 one of the earliest pieces of verse in history1 should be given4 ,the story of ,gideon1 full of picturesque detail1 and the pathetic story of ,jephthah's daughter may be read1 as well as the many references to the latter in literature4 ,the curious story of ,samson will follow this1 and ,milton's ,samson ,agonistes may be read in part4 ,close the study of the period with a reading of the entire book of ,ruth1 one of the most charming of ,oriental idyls4 ,at the meeting following this last one1 compare the ,bible heroes with those of other nations of the same time1 particularly those described by ,homer4 ,bulfinch's ,age of ,fable may be used as a basis for the study4 ,,iv--,,the ,,undivided ,,kingdom ,this is one of the historical sections of the ,bible1 and is mostly in prose4 ,in studying it a good plan is to have some one write a paper briefly outlining the period and giving the main events clearly4 ,then the different men of importance should have separate studies4 ,one of the first is that of ,saul1 and at its beginning comes in the lovely little story of ,samuel1 which may be read1 together with the short ,song of ,hannah4 ,the account of the anointing of ,saul may be given1 and in this connection note that the old custom is still in use to-day in the coronation of kings4 ,have a reading from ,browning's ,saul and discuss the two points of view4 ,next will come the story of ,david and ,goliath1 the anointing of ,david1 the feud between ,saul and ,david and the idyllic story of the affection of ,david and ,jonathan4 ,brief readings from all of these should illustrate the papers or talks upon them4 ,notice the other famous friendships in history1 and compare them with that of the two ,hebrews4 ,the subject of witchcraft may be briefly touched upon in connection with the old story of the ,witch of ,endor1 and its singular persistence through the history of all nations down to the present time4 ,david's lament over ,saul and ,jonathan should be read and compared with other elegies1 and also that over the death of ,absalom2 notice the difference in spirit between them4 ,the life of ,solomon is full of unusual touches4 ,read his dream1 the story of the judgment about the infant1 and then the majestic dedication of the ,temple1 the last1 one of the stately pieces of literature of the ,bible4 ,the visit of the ,queen of ,sheba may be read after this1 and the allusions to it in literature noted4 ,v--,,the ,,divided ,,kingdoms ,,and ,,the ,,exile ,the divided kingdoms furnish many episodes of literary value4 ,the stories of ,elijah and ,elisha have a marked dramatic quality2 the incident of ,naaman and ,gehazi is a bit of romance2 the fall of ,samaria is a tragedy1 as is the fall of ,jerusalem1 about one hundred and fifty years later4 ,there is a bit of interesting work which some clubs might like to undertake1 the comparison of the literary style of ,kings and ,chronicles1 one colored by the prophetic and the other by priestly ideas4 ,the subject of the ,exile may be used in one meeting1 as it relates itself to a considerable part of ,hebrew literature1 especially in poetry4 ,one prose passage may be read1 the brief book of ,esther1 which has always been of great importance to the ,jews1 and full of interest4 ,,vi--,,hebrew ,,poetry ,this has no regular rhyme1 nor is it divided into feet like the classical poems of ,greece and ,rome4 ,instead it has a certain stately sweep1 a rhythm1 which is the very essence of poetry4 ,in structure it may be compared to ,walt ,whitman's rhythmical prose4 ,as the stage was unknown to the ,hebrews1 the drama was strange to them also4 ,the book of ,job is the principal poetic exception to this1 although some authorities place the ,song of ,solomon as a versified drama also4 ,observe here the difference between the ,hebrews and ,greeks1 and give reasons for it4 ,occasional bits of ancient folk song may be found in the historical parts of the ,bible3 read the ,song of the ,well 7,numbers xxi1 #ah71 the ,song of ,lamech 7,genesis ,,iv1 #bc7 and the ,song of the ,bow 7,,ii ,samuel1 ,i1 #ah-bg74 ,the riddles of ,samson also come under the head of folk song4 ,the poetry of the ,bible divides into two classes3 lyrical poetry1 such as the ,song of ,solomon1 ,lamentations1 the ,psalms1 and certain passages in the prophets2 and the so-called wisdom poetry--,proverbs1 ,job1 and ,ecclesiastes4 ,the latter1 however1 come more properly under the head of philosophy4 ,notice one of the peculiarities of ,hebrew verse1 especially in this last division1 the curious parallelism which is constantly found4 ,the extent of the book of ,psalms is so great that selections are difficult to make4 ,but by taking ,moulton's ,modern ,reader's ,bible 7,macmillan ,co471 and ,courtney's ,the ,literary ,man's ,bible 7,crowell71 and ,henry ,van ,dyke's ,story of the ,psalms 7,scribner71 the best will be found1 and these should be read4 ,notice especially the wonderful imagery1 so characteristic of the ,oriental mind4 ,many great poets have worked on the book of ,psalms1 trying to make transcriptions and translations1 and it will be most interesting to look up some of them4 ,clement ,marot1 ,martin ,luther1 ,milton1 ,addison1 ,sir ,philip ,sidney1 and many others have used them1 and any hymn book will show how many familiar hymns are based on them4 ,programs might be illuminated by choir music1 such as ,had ,i the ,wings of a ,dove1 ,how ,lovely are ,thy ,dwellings ,fair1 ,the ,king of ,love ,my ,shepherd ,is1 and a hundred other lovely songs1 the themes all taken from ,psalms4 ,,vii--,,prophecy ,prophecy has been called the most typical part of ,hebrew literature1 and as such it should receive especial study4 ,but prophecy does not mean prediction1 but teaching1 especially the teaching of morals4 ,a good way of handling this subject is to divide it into three parts1 one on ,isaiah1 one on ,jeremiah1 and a third on ,ezekiel1 briefly describing the historical conditions under which they were written1 with readings from each4 ,the minor prophets might also have three papers1 with readings showing the quality of each4 ,the conscientious severity of the prophets as the great moral teachers of their times should be emphasized1 and their relation to our modern ethical ideas may be touched upon4 ,matthew ,arnold's ,isaiah of ,jerusalem may be read in this connection4 ,carlyle is often spoken of as embodying the spirit of the ,hebrew prophets4 ,one paper might speak of the connection between the prophets and ,puritanism4 ,a meeting might be given to the great oratorios which have been written upon themes drawn from the writings of the prophets1 with selections4 ,,viii--,,philosophy ,the philosophy of the ,bible is embodied in the books of ,proverbs1 ,ecclesiastes1 and ,job4 ,these are what are called late books1 and lack the fiery quality of the more original period of the prophets4 ,the prudential1 cautious spirit of ,proverbs should be illustrated with quotations4 ,ecclesiastes represents the hesitating1 somewhat skeptical aspect of human thought1 and is in some respects the book of the ,bible which comes nearest to the modern temper4 ,plumtre's handbook on ,ecclesiastes 7,cambridge ,university ,press7 has in its appendix comparisons between this book1 ,shakespeare1 ,tennyson1 and ,omar ,khayyam which are interesting to refer to4 ,carlyle called the book of ,job the greatest literary creation of history1 for it first deals with the problem of human suffering4 ,professor ,genung has arranged this book in dramatic form1 and clubs should read this aloud1 in part at least4 ,,ix--,,the ,,new ,,testament ,coming to the ,new ,testament1 it may be divided into three parts3 ,history1 correspondence1 and allegory4 ,the history comprises the four ,gospels and ,acts4 ,a preliminary paper might show the varying points of view of the authors and compare their literary styles4 ,read from ,matthew part of the ,sermon on the ,mount1 noting his ,jewish outlook always2 from ,mark1 part of chapter ,,iii1 showing him as the historian of action2 from ,luke 7the writer was a physician71 the story of the ,good ,samaritan2 from ,john the philosophical prologue and the parable of the vine1 displaying his mystical mind4 ,make a special study of the literary quality of the parables4 ,from ,acts may be read passages showing the historian's vivid descriptions2 see the riot at ,philippi1 ,paul's address at ,athens1 and the shipwreck4 ,letters form the greater part of the ,new ,testament4 ,those of ,paul should be arranged chronologically1 and a brief account given of the circumstances under which each was written4 ,some of the striking passages in the ,epistles should be read1 such as chapter ,,xiii in ,i ,corinthians which has been called a ,hymn in ,praise of ,love4 ,the whole of the little ,epistle to ,philemon may be read1 to show the position of the early church on slavery4 ,reference should be made to the fact that ,matthew ,arnold said that ,paul stood among the seven greatest literary men of history4 ,the book of ,revelation is of immense interest4 ,have a preliminary paper on the position of ,jews and ,christians at this time in relation to the ,romans1 and show the necessity of concealing the meaning of the book4 ,follow this with another on the allegory in literature3 ,spenser's ,faerie ,queene and ,bunyan's ,pilgrim's ,progress are two famous examples of its use4 ,after this read some of the famous passages from the ,revelation2 notice the extraordinary wealth of imagery and the stately beauty of its style4 ,x--,,subjects ,,related ,,to ,,the ,,bible ,to these meetings on the direct study of the ,bible may be added almost as many more on subjects nearly related to it4 ,one of these is the ,bible in art4 ,from the early days of the catacombs to the present time1 themes have been drawn from it for paintings and sculpture1 mosaics and glass4 ,the old masters' work was almost wholly based on ,bible stories or sacred subjects4 ,the study of ,italian art shows this in its most marked form1 and many pictures should be shown4 ,notice also such books as ,the ,bible in ,art by ,estelle ,m4 ,hurll1 and ,the ,bible ,beautiful1 by the same author 7,the ,page ,company71 and ,the ,gospel ,story in ,art1 by ,john ,la ,farge 7,macmillan71 as well as reproductions of the ,tissot pictures4 ,the ,bible in music is a theme already suggested1 but meetings may be arranged on this by themselves1 or each program may have selections appropriate to the day4 ,as a source of literary inspiration the use of the ,bible is world-wide4 ,from ,milton and his successors to ,browning and ,tennyson1 all have drawn largely from its wealth4 ,the titles of novels1 as well as their plots1 have largely been taken from the same source4 ,roll calls might take up this topic4 ,what great men have said about the ,bible is an interesting subject4 ,the ,women of the ,bible is the title of a book4 ,shakespeare's use of the ,bible has also been noticed1 and could be used extensively4 ,,chapter ,,xvii ,,the ,,age ,,of ,,queen ,,anne ,i--,,importance ,,of ,,this ,,period ,the reign of ,queen ,anne1 the last sovereign of the ,house of ,stuart1 is one of the important epochs in ,english history4 ,mc,carthy says it ranks with that of ,pericles in ,greece1 of ,augustus in ,rome1 and of ,elizabeth in ,england4 ,in war1 in politics1 in the spread of social democracy1 and above all in literature1 this was truly a remarkable period4 ,in order to understand the times several meetings should be given to a comprehensive view of ,europe4 ,the reign of ,louis ,,xiv and a sketch of his court will fill one meeting4 ,one on ,spain should follow2 a third may take up ,germany1 ,poland1 ,austria1 and the ,holy ,roman ,empire1 and what it stood for4 ,after these have a fourth presenting the question of the balance of power in ,europe4 ,discuss the ,english ,pretender in ,france4 ,follow with brief papers on ,peter the ,great and ,charles ,,xii of ,sweden4 ,,ii--,,the ,,queen ,,and ,,her ,,court ,turning now to ,england1 ,queen ,anne and her court may be taken up in detail4 ,anne lacked the force of the ,tudors and the attractive temperament of the ,stuarts4 ,she had neither the brains of her predecessor1 ,william1 nor the ,teutonic dullness of the ,georges who followed her2 but she was1 above all things1 distinctly ,english4 ,she loved her people2 she believed in ,protestantism2 she was kind1 affectionate and good2 she possessed all the domestic virtues4 ,yet she was by no means a strong character4 ,her reign owes nothing of its brilliance to its queen4 ,in everything she had to be guided1 and the power of the individuals who governed her is one of the curious facts of the time4 ,one paper may present her home life1 with its simplicity4 ,contrast the court life of this period with that which had preceded it4 ,read selections from ,henry ,esmond4 ,,iii--,,the ,,marlboroughs ,the ,duke and ,duchess of ,marlborough should be the theme of two papers4 ,the latter had an extraordinary influence upon ,anne and dictated her court policy4 ,read of the letters they exchanged1 signed ,mrs4 ,morley and ,mrs4 ,freeman4 ,the ,duke was a man in whom weakness and strength united4 ,have the paper on his character show his self-interest1 his treachery even1 and his notorious parsimony2 contrast these qualities with those which redeemed the man4 ,note his wonderful military genius4 ,,iv--,,the ,,wars ,,and ,,after ,after this will come the subject of the ,grand ,alliance1 which will serve as an introduction to the great topic of the ,european wars which occupied the ,continent for years4 ,in studying this use a map at each meeting1 and have papers on ,marlborough in ,flanders2 the campaigns of the armies in ,germany1 ,bavaria1 and the ,west ,indies2 the war in ,spain2 the persecution of the ,huguenots and ,camisards and1 finally1 a summing-up of the struggle4 ,the next stages of the war may be divided into the ,year of ,victory and the ,year of ,defeat4 ,if time allows1 follow the war to its close4 ,the next great subject under ,queen ,anne's reign is that of the extension of power in ,england of the two great parties1 the ,whigs and ,tories4 ,notice how the ministry changed from time to time1 and who its leaders were4 ,see how ,anne1 under the influence of a favorite1 ,mrs4 ,masham1 gave her support to the ,tories1 and how this finally led to the ,peace of ,utrecht1 which concluded the war4 ,observe here the alienation which rose between the ,duchess of ,marlborough and the ,queen1 also the disgrace of ,marlborough2 read his letter of defense1 and have a sketch of his later life4 ,show pictures of ,blenheim ,palace4 ,following these events comes the ,union of ,scotland1 ,ireland and ,wales with ,england1 a topic full of interest4 ,discuss the bargain each country made2 what did she lose and what did she gain8 ,what results were brought about later8 ,the unpopularity of the ,union in ,scotland had one direct result1 that of the rising in favor of the ,young ,pretender4 ,have a paper on this romantic episode4 ,observe how it led to the establishment of the ,protestant ,succession4 ,in closing this period study as many of the great leaders of ,english political life as possible1 notably ,walpole1 ,bolingbroke and the ,earls of ,oxford and ,shrewsbury4 ,v--,,literature ,,of ,,the ,,times ,turning now from war and politics1 there may be a delightful study of the literature of the time1 for the period was one of great intellectual originality4 ,dean ,swift1 the greatest ,english satirist1 may be taken up first1 his life1 his work and his influence4 ,read from ,the ,tale of a ,tub4 ,addison may be studied as a man1 a poet1 an essayist and a dramatist4 ,it was1 however1 as one of the two authors of ,the ,spectator that he was most remarkable4 ,writing in collaboration with his friend ,steele he gave his paper a world-wide popularity4 ,read from ,sir ,roger de ,coverley and from comments upon it from some writers4 ,note also the founding of ,the ,tatler1 and point out the differences between that and ,the ,spectator4 ,alexander ,pope was one of the geniuses of the time4 ,give a sketch of the man and his eccentricities4 ,read from the ,rape of the ,lock1 the ,dunciad1 and the ,essay on ,man2 also from his other poems1 and his translations from ,homer4 ,the life of ,lady ,mary ,wortley ,montagu should be discussed1 with readings from her still celebrated ,letters4 ,the work of ,daniel ,defoe must also be noticed4 ,addison was famous as a dramatist1 and his ,cato was believed at that time to be the forerunner of a new and brilliant era in the drama2 it was received in ,london with enthusiasm4 ,,vi--,,the ,,beginning ,,of ,,the ,,english ,,novel ,but it was perhaps the rise of the ,english novel which made the time most notable4 ,samuel ,richardson wrote ,pamela1 the first novel in which the interest centered exclusively upon the heroine1 and followed it with ,clarissa ,harlowe1 which was immediately popular all over the ,english-speaking world4 ,both books were intended as moral tales by their author1 whose sympathy with women was genuine and intelligent4 ,the work done in science by ,bishop ,berkeley1 and that of ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 with an account of the great controversy1 should be studied4 ,take up also the music of ,handel1 then living in ,london1 and the art of ,wren1 who was completing ,st4 ,paul's4 ,a study of the many famous clubs and coffee houses frequented by the writers of the day should be made here4 ,there is much of interest in the life of the times1 the duels1 the gambling1 the coaches and quaint inns and hostelries4 ,london itself is a most interesting subject2 it was just being rebuilt after the great fire1 and its churches should be especially noted as they almost wholly conform to the ideas of ,wren4 ,describe the prisons1 especially ,newgate and the debtors' prisons4 ,there is an abundance of material on all these subjects1 and many pictures4 ,the book on coaching suggested below will give many ideas on vehicles and inns4 ,chapters in ,mc,carthy's history will be found readable also4 ,among other reference books are these3 ,social life in the ,reign of ,queen ,anne4 ,j4 ,ashton4 7,scribner47 ,queen ,anne and ,her ,court4 ,p4 ,f4 ,ryan4 7,dutton47 ,the ,reign of ,queen ,anne4 ,justin ,mc,carthy4 7,harper47 ,john and ,sarah1 ,duke and ,duchess of ,marlborough4 ,stuart ,j4 ,reid4 7,scribner47 ,coaching ,days and ,coaching ,ways4 ,w4 ,outram ,tristram4 7,macmillan47 ,among ,english ,inns4 ,josephine ,tozier4 7,the ,page ,company47 ,,chapter ,,xviii ,,our ,,educational ,,system ,in order to understand the state of education in our land to-day it is necessary to know something about the beginnings in our early history4 ,so the first meeting should be on the founding of schools in ,colonial and ,revolutionary days4 ,one paper should tell of the earliest grant of money made by ,parliament in #afai for a university in ,virginia4 ,the ,indian wars prevented the carrying out of the plan for a time1 and meantime the first schoolmaster came over to the ,dutch of ,new ,amsterdam and opened a school in ,brooklyn4 ,the ,boston ,latin ,school was begun in #afce1 two years later1 and schools were opened also in ,dorchester and ,new ,haven4 ,notice that in many of these early schools provision was made to educate ,indian children free of charge4 ,rhode ,island had the first public school1 founded at ,newport in #afdj4 ,throughout the colonies the schools were endowed with lands and money and later taxes were given for their support1 but tuition was always paid4 ,i--,,colonial ,,colleges ,the ,colonial colleges rose from the spirit of forty men1 all educated at ,cambridge1 ,england1 who lived in the ,new ,england colonies4 ,john ,harvard1 a young minister1 gave his library of two hundred and sixty volumes and half his estate of seventeen hundred pounds to found ,harvard ,college4 ,the ,university of ,william and ,mary rose in ,virginia at this time1 richly endowed at once with money1 a tobacco revenue1 and lands2 this was the direct outcome of the school originally planned sixty years earlier4 ,yale was founded in #agjj1 each trustee giving a few books as a guarantee2 but it had been originally planned as early as #afdg1 when ,john ,davenport had a lot set apart for a college in ,new ,haven4 ,its early years were full of hardship2 it existed at ,new ,milford for fifteen years1 and was not settled at ,new ,haven until #agah1 when it received a bequest of five hundred pounds from ,elihu ,yale4 ,all the colonies had grammar schools and a few had dame schools4 ,the ,massachusetts law of #afdg provided that when a town had one hundred families or householders they must set up a school under penalty of a fine4 ,one paper should deal with the interesting topic of these early schools1 their discipline1 their curricula1 their teachers4 ,notice especially the famous teacher ,ezra ,cheever1 who compiled a ,latin book and taught in many places for seventy years4 ,his salary1 a large one1 was sixty pounds a year4 ,another paper may be on the lack of school advantages for girls in early times4 ,a few went to the dame schools1 but many to none at all4 ,it was not until ,revolutionary times that the ,moravians established a girls' school at ,bethlehem and girls were admitted to the ,penn ,school in ,philadelphia and the ,female ,academy there2 and in #aghe a girls' school was opened at ,greenfield1 ,connecticut1 and the ,medford ,school near ,boston in #aghi4 ,read from the opening chapter of ,education in the ,united ,states1 by ,b4 ,g4 ,boone 7,appleton7 and from ,old ,town ,folks1 by ,harriet ,beecher ,stowe4 ,close this meeting with a talk on early education in general2 show how poor the school system was in the early days of the nineteenth century2 speak of private schools for boys and girls1 of schoolhouses and playgrounds and their gradual improvement4 ,mention the founding of each great college and where possible show pictures of them from old books and catalogues4 ,speak of famous educators and college presidents1 and also of such women as ,mary ,lyon2 read from her life recently published4 ,discuss the former attitude of men toward women's education with that of to-day4 ,,ii--,,kindergartens ,education to-day usually begins in the kindergarten1 so the second meeting may begin with this topic by presenting a paper on ,froebel1 his ideas and methods1 the adoption of his system of early education all over the world4 ,have a brief discussion follow it1 showing some of the possible disadvantages of the work4 ,are children paid too much attention8 ,are they over-amused8 ,is it a benefit to children in their later education to have it begun in the kindergarten8 ,the second paper should turn at once to the ,montessori method of teaching4 ,it should explain exactly what it is and show how it differs from the kindergarten4 ,there is abundance of material in present day magazines to make it perfectly plain4 ,speak of the rapid advance children make in development under this new system4 ,then have again a brief discussion3 ,is the ,montessori system adapted to ,american children8 ,is it a benefit to them8 ,is it wise to develop the mind of a young child rapidly8 ,what is the effect in its later education8 ,compare the system with that of the kindergarten4 ,see3 ,dr4 ,montessori's ,own ,method1 by herself 7,stokes71 and ,a ,guide to the ,montessori ,method1 ,ellen ,yale ,stevens4 7,stokes47 ,close this meeting with a talk by a trained kindergarten teacher1 if possible1 who can set before the club members the advantages of her work4 ,if there is time1 have some short stories read3 ,the ,madness of ,philip1 by ,josephine ,baskam ,bacon1 and one from ,little ,citizens1 by ,myra ,kelly 7both by ,doubleday ,page74 ,some songs of childhood will also be delightful between the papers or talks1 and perhaps some little kindergarten children may come and sing also4 ,,iii--,,public ,,schools ,the next subject1 that of the public school1 is so large that a number of meetings should be devoted to it4 ,although only four papers are outlined here1 there is sufficient material given for a dozen and more4 ,the first paper may speak of the early days of public schools and their inadequacy in the light of to-day1 of their lack of sunshine and air1 the poor buildings1 the insufficient exits and arrangements for safety from fire4 ,then follow with a description of our great schools of to-day1 showing pictures of them and noticing their beautiful architecture1 their perfect equipment4 ,the whole system of discipline and oversight should be spoken of4 ,the cost to the ,state of the public school is an interesting theme4 ,notice in this connection that the ,united ,states has the shortest school day1 week1 and year of any civilized country4 ,discuss the fact4 ,the second paper should speak of the curriculum of the public school1 and give a clear idea of what is covered by the child4 ,discuss3 ,is it too comprehensive8 ,is it sufficiently practical8 ,does it fit the child for business and home life8 ,the third paper should be on the health of the school child as the club members know of it4 ,is the building in which he studies clean1 well-ventilated1 and sanitary8 ,does he have too much home work8 ,is there a doctor to supervise the children's eyes1 ears1 throats1 and general condition8 ,is there an oversight against contagion8 ,is the common drinking cup used8 ,is there a fund for cheap food for the very poor children8 ,the playgrounds and plays should be the next topic4 ,these should be large1 fitted to the needs of boys and girls1 and there should be a teacher of athletics4 ,basket ball1 foot and base ball1 and games of all sorts should be encouraged1 and a spirit of rivalry between schools fostered4 ,discuss3 ,are athletics neglected or overdone8 ,do our growing girls receive the care they need in this regard8 ,if the playgrounds of the school are inadequate1 can they be supplemented8 ,are the playgrounds used in summer time8 ,a brief paper following this may speak of the morals of the public school1 the dangers and safeguards1 and discuss the relation between teachers and parents in this regard4 ,is hygiene taught8 ,is a high standard of purity held up always8 ,follow this by a presentation of the value to a school of a club for parents and teachers2 one may be established if there is none1 perhaps4 ,beautifying the schoolhouse and schoolroom1 having a library and a few pictures and casts1 and making school life attractive are suggestions to be worked out1 and the value of teaching sewing1 cooking1 the care of babies to girls1 and manual training to boys4 ,,iv--,,high ,,schools ,the subject of the high schools will naturally succeed this and the first paper may take up the question1 ,why do so few boys and girls go to high school8 ,is it only because so many go into business life8 ,is the preparation for college adequate8 ,is the general course too cultural and not sufficiently practical for a boy who is going into business8 ,are sufficient numbers of courses offered8 ,the next paper may speak of vocational training1 or fitting boys and girls for their work in life1 teaching girls to sew1 cook1 and care for children1 and boys to farm1 to learn the principles of business1 and manual training4 ,what has been done along these lines1 and what is still to be done8 ,the third paper may speak of vocational guidance or the aid given in finding work for graduates suitable for them1 and following them up in it4 ,material for this may be had from the ,vocational ,guidance ,association of ,new ,york1 part of the ,public ,education ,association1 #ch ,w4 ,thirty-second ,street4 ,many other topics will grow out of the discussion of school problems4 ,some to be discussed are these3 ,equal pay for men and women teachers2 the married teacher in the school2 the personal influence of the teacher2 the efficiency of the school2 the training in citizenship4 ,it is urged that club women have members of their ,board of ,education and school teachers speak to them on as many subjects pertaining to school as possible1 and become better fitted to cooeperate in the work of the schools4 ,v--,,special ,,schools ,the next meeting of the club may have a varied program3 one paper will be on schools for the defectives1 the blind1 deaf and dumb and feeble-minded4 ,a second will take up the use of the school buildings for evening classes and lectures1 for parents of school children1 for men and women who need a broader education1 and for foreigners4 ,some idea may be given of the great work done in this way in our large cities in the way of instruction and recreation4 ,a third paper may speak of the numberless aids to schools in the way of libraries1 museums1 nature classes1 and special instruction4 ,a final paper may be on ,schools for ,teachers1 and the work done there4 ,some teacher should describe this4 ,have some readings from ,the ,wider ,use of the ,school ,plant1 by ,clarence ,a4 ,perry 7,sage ,foundation74 ,,vi--,,private ,,schools ,a very interesting meeting may be arranged on private schools4 ,this will have a paper or talk on college preparatory schools for boys1 showing how thorough the training is4 ,it will raise such questions as these3 ,are standards of character higher than in the public schools8 ,is the training in athletics valuable8 ,do boys go from them to college better prepared to meet the life there than from the high school8 ,is there a lack of democracy about them8 ,do they send a yearly clique to college8 ,the paper next to this would be on the finishing school for girls1 and will raise the questions3 ,are the standards of education sufficiently high8 ,is a mere smattering given8 ,is too much attention paid to social preparation8 ,what advantages has the finishing school8 ,the following paper would take up military schools1 first the small private ones1 then ,west ,point1 giving the life at each1 the training1 the advantages and disadvantages4 ,show pictures of ,west ,point4 ,a paper on naval schools would come last1 especially on ,annapolis1 and would follow the same lines as the paper on ,west ,point4 ,the final paper should be on technical schools1 those where mining1 electricity1 engineering1 architecture1 and other subjects are taught4 ,there are great institutes in ,pittsburgh1 ,boston1 and elsewhere1 from which catalogues may be obtained to show exactly what work is done there4 ,modern schools of domestic science and business colleges should be considered4 ,,vii--,,colleges ,,and ,,universities ,colleges and universities is the next subject for the club4 ,the best known of the colleges may be described and pictures shown1 and the difference between a college and a university made plain4 ,denominational colleges should especially be spoken of1 and the little colleges of the ,west and ,south4 ,the value of the small college in bringing students near their teachers may be pointed out4 ,some of our great men have come from these little colleges1 and they may be mentioned4 ,the next paper should be on the university4 ,the leading endowed universities are to be named1 their history studied1 and their peculiarities noted4 ,the famous presidents1 professors1 and graduates of each should be spoken of also4 ,the curriculum1 the athletics1 the ideals of each university may also be taken up4 ,notice that those universities which have private endowments often stand for culture rather than practical work4 ,the third paper should take the ,state ,universities1 and show the difference between them and the endowed universities4 ,they stand distinctly for what is practical1 and it is here that most technical work is done and specialties1 such as agriculture1 forestry1 domestic science1 and others1 are taught4 ,discuss the relative values of the two2 is there a tendency more and more toward having the ,state give the whole education8 ,how do our great endowed universities compare with those of ,england and ,germany8 ,,viii--,,women',s ,,colleges ,one meeting should be on women's colleges1 taking them in the order of their establishment1 and showing how they have developed4 ,have descriptions of each and tell of its special aims4 ,discuss the value of a college training for women1 and its faults4 ,speak of coeducational colleges and ,state ,universities2 have they advantages over the rest8 ,does a college woman lose interest in her home8 ,does she marry early1 or does she drift into a career8 ,have some college woman address the club on work done in the line of higher education of women1 and its results4 ,see ,the ,college ,girl of ,america1 by ,mary ,c4 ,crawford 7,the ,page ,company74 ,,ix--,,postgraduate ,,work ,,and ,,new ,,ideas ,postgraduate work1 the topic for the next meeting1 includes that done in medical1 law1 and theological schools1 and the work for degrees4 ,representative schools may be selected as the subject for papers1 and speakers from these should be had to tell of them to the club1 if possible4 ,the final meeting on education may take up some of the new ideas of work1 such as the opening of the school of journalism at ,columbia ,university1 and other attractive fields of study4 ,summer assemblies may be spoken of1 and their value1 especially to those who have had few opportunities for study early in life4 ,correspondence schools may also be mentioned and their work discussed4 ,are they really as useful as they seem at first sight8 ,notice that many of them are able to give important help on special lines4 ,musical festivals1 lecture courses1 illustrated talks on travel1 and other of the many opportunities offered to the public may also be spoken of4 ,there is an abundance of material to be found on all educational subjects in a good encyclopedia4 ,on special topics there are the educational journals1 the educational department of the ,survey1 and magazine articles constantly4 ,the ,educational ,bureau at ,washington will give information and material on request4 ,the excellent book ,citizenship and the ,schools1 by ,j4 ,w4 ,jenks 7,holt71 should be read1 and ,education for ,efficiency1 by ,e4 ,davenport 7,heath71 and the life and work of ,horace ,mann4 ,,chapter ,,xix ,,special ,,programs ,,on ,,great ,,men ,,and ,,women ,often a club finds it best to break into its ordinary routine of work by having a special program4 ,the birthday of a great writer1 artist or musician offers a good subject for such a meeting1 and the following programs are arranged to suggest such names with a brief outline of work on each4 ,some clubs may like to select from the names given two or more for each month and so arrange a program for an entire year4 ,in this case it is a good plan to take alternate writers1 musicians and artists1 giving a day to each one4 ,i--,,september ,history1 music and literature may be represented by the life and work of ,queen ,elizabeth1 ,general ,lafayette1 ,dvorak1 and our own ,eugene ,field1 who were all born in ,september4 ,divide the age of ,elizabeth into several topics3 the ,court and the ,queen's favorites2 discoverers2 wars2 ,mary1 ,queen of ,scots2 and the great literary men of the time1 ,shakespeare1 ,ben ,jonson1 ,spenser1 and others4 ,have readings on all these4 ,the story of ,lafayette begins with the ,american ,revolution2 then the ,revolution in ,france and the part he played in it4 ,follow his career and friendships1 and the relations between ,france and ,america4 ,close with a sketch of ,lafayette's visit here after the war1 and read a description of it4 7,see the ,diary and ,letters of ,gouverneur ,morris47 ,a good musical program can be arranged by having first a paper on the composer1 ,dvorak1 with comparisons of his work and that of his contemporaries1 and then several selections played from his compositions4 ,last1 the life and work of ,eugene ,field will be found delightful4 ,have a paper on his home life1 his whimsical personality1 his friends2 read from his prose1 and have some of his verses sung4 ,compare his poems with ,stevenson's ,child's ,garden of ,verse4 ,,ii--,,october ,in this month art1 drama and music are offered1 in the works of ,sir ,christopher ,wren1 ,sheridan and ,verdi4 ,in art ,wren was a prominent figure in his century4 ,living when ,london was being rebuilt after the great fire1 he stamped his genius on no less than fifty churches1 and built ,st4 ,paul's1 his own great monument4 ,he was called a rare and early prodigy of universal science4 ,his friendships are among the most interesting points to be studied4 ,richard ,brinsley ,sheridan wrote the ,rivals and ,the ,school for ,scandal1 two plays which stand unequaled for humor and clever satire4 ,read of their presentation1 and of ,sheridan as manager and theater owner4 ,turn from this to his career as a parliamentarian and read his speech at the trial of ,warren ,hastings1 which marked him as one of our most brilliant orators4 ,notice his death in poverty and his burial in ,westminster ,abbey4 ,read from his plays4 ,verdi wrote ,ernani1 ,la ,traviata1 ,riggoletto and ,aida4 ,speak of his long and interesting life1 and his remarkable work4 ,note that his influence over others was of unusual force4 ,have a musical program from his operas4 ,,iii--,,november ,martin ,luther1 ,schiller1 ,oliver ,goldsmith and ,george ,eliot all have birthdays to remember at this time4 ,luther was the greatest of the ,protestant ,reformers1 and has left his mark not only on ,germany but on the whole world4 ,read of his early peasant life1 his education1 his career as priest and teacher4 ,then notice his trip to ,rome and its results1 and follow him through his struggles with ,emperor and ,pope4 ,discuss his work as a whole4 ,read from his ,letters4 ,schiller1 the great ,german dramatist and poet1 is honored and beloved both in his native land and elsewhere4 ,give the story of his struggles with poverty in exile1 his love affairs1 his professorship1 his marriage and invalidism4 ,notice especially his friendship with ,goethe4 ,read from his ballads1 but especially from his dramas1 ,die ,jungfrau and ,wilhelm ,tell4 ,oliver ,goldsmith1 the eccentric genius1 poet1 essayist1 dramatist and novelist1 should have special study1 for he is a unique figure4 ,mention his school days1 his vagabond pilgrimage through ,europe1 his work as a struggling hack writer2 his remarkable friendships2 read from ,the ,deserted ,village1 ,the ,vicar of ,wakefield1 and ,she ,stoops to ,conquer4 ,the life and work of ,george ,eliot are familiar to most club women1 yet they are always a delightful study4 ,papers may tell of her home life and training as a free-thinker2 of her translations1 her marriage and its social consequences1 and her work as writer4 ,read from ,scenes from ,clerical ,life1 and from ,adam ,bede4 ,discuss her philosophy1 her moral purposes1 her humor1 her realism2 have several readings from both prose and poetry4 ,,iv--,,december ,the special meeting should be on the subject of the ,christmas ,birthday4 ,describe the ,christmas customs in mediaeval times1 and read of the ,yule log1 the waits1 the boar's head1 and other customs1 and show pictures of baronial halls4 ,have following papers on ,christmas in various lands2 one paper may be on the ,christmas ,spirit4 ,read from ,christmas stories1 and have carols sung4 ,v--,,january ,there are four famous birthdays in ,january1 those of ,joan of ,arc1 ,mozart1 ,moliere1 and ,tennyson1 illustrating history1 music1 drama and poetry4 ,of late so much has been written of ,joan of ,arc that there is an abundance of material on her4 ,give a sketch of her personality1 and show what she did4 ,read also appreciations from different writers4 ,show pictures of some of the statues of her1 and1 if possible1 one of the picture by ,bastien ,lepage1 called ,joan of ,arc ,listening to the ,voices1 in the ,metropolitan ,museum in ,new ,york4 ,mozart was a child prodigy at six years and maintained his ability through a long life4 ,hampered1 like most musicians1 with poverty1 he still had many friends1 wrote excellent music1 played at various courts and enjoyed a career full of interest1 if not always of success4 ,he died in poverty1 and no one knows where he is buried4 ,show a copy of the well-known picture of him playing at court4 ,moliere1 the great ,french dramatist1 presents a study which should fill more than one meeting4 ,speak of his early life as a strolling player1 his failure as a tragedian and his success in comedy4 ,sketch the stage of the period4 ,have scenes read from 7translations of7 ,tartuffe1 ,le ,misanthrope1 and other plays4 ,compare him with other dramatists4 7,see his life by ,chatfield-,taylor47 ,tennyson1 the representative poet of the ,victorian age1 gives opportunity for a charming meeting4 ,sketch his calm1 delightful life2 show his interest in science and all modern ideas4 ,read from his ballads2 his other short poems2 his longer poems1 especially ,in ,memoriam1 the ,idylls of the ,king and the ,dream of ,fair ,women1 and compare them4 ,if possible1 sing some of his verses1 many of which are set to music4 ,,vi--,,february ,among many birthdays of famous men and women four may be chosen3 those of ,madame de ,sevigne1 ,charles ,lamb1 ,dickens and ,mendelssohn4 ,madame de ,sevigne lived at a time when there were many conspicuous people at the court of ,louis ,,xiv1 and she was the friend of them all2 ,turenne and ,conde1 however1 may be especially noticed4 ,her fame rests on her ,letters1 which she wrote to her daughter with no idea any one else would ever see them4 ,they have slight pretension to literary quality1 yet they are among the classics of ,french literature4 ,have several selections from them read1 illustrating the times and the court life4 ,charles ,lamb and his friends will make the subject of more than a single meeting4 ,give his life as a ,blue ,coat ,boy and his early friendship with ,coleridge at school4 ,speak of him as a clerk in the ,east ,india ,house1 with his evenings at the ,cat and ,salutation4 ,tell of his family troubles and of his sister ,mary2 then of his literary career1 his life in the ,temple1 his friendships with the ,lake ,poets and others4 ,notice the peculiar gentle charm which is associated with him4 ,read from his essays2 give ,dream ,children as a whole4 ,charles ,dickens is a name to conjure with4 ,sketch his early life2 read from many of his books1 and point out his humor1 pathos1 tragedy1 comedy1 and realism2 show his love of caricature and its place in his methods4 ,he is called to-day ,the ,prince of ,story ,tellers by well-known critics4 ,have each club member bring in and read her favorite passage from his books4 ,mendelssohn stands alone among musicians1 for he was born to a comfortable lot in life1 was successful in whatever he undertook1 happy in his home and renowned abroad4 ,his relations with his sister1 his position at the ,german courts1 his various trips to ,england and what he accomplished there will furnish topics for papers4 ,if he seldom touched the deeper side of life1 yet what he gave was always good of its kind4 ,illustrate this program with many selections from both his instrumental and vocal music4 ,,vii--,,march ,michelangelo1 and in later times ,mrs4 ,browning1 and our own ,william ,dean ,howells1 were born in ,march4 ,michelangelo was the most distinguished sculptor of the modern world1 the most brilliant representative of the ,italian ,renaissance4 ,show the assistance ,lorenzo the ,magnificent gave art at this time4 ,notice ,michelangelo's earlier work2 speak of the curious way in which he1 a sculptor1 was compelled to paint the frescoes in the ,sistine chapel2 then how he became an architect1 a builder of fortifications1 a sculptor again1 and finally the architect of ,st4 ,peter's4 ,show pictures of his best-known statues1 and also of the frescoes4 ,mrs4 ,browning is our best known and loved ,english woman poet4 ,her life is inseparable from that of her poet-husband1 yet it has great individuality4 ,have papers on her early life1 her marriage1 her life in ,florence and her work4 ,read from the ,sonnets from the ,portuguese1 addressed to her husband1 from ,aurora ,leigh and from her shorter poems4 ,howells is considered the most distinguished of our modern ,american prose writers1 the leader of the realistic school which has so largely influenced recent work4 ,he has written much besides his novels1 but they are perhaps best known4 ,notice his ability to portray character2 the delightful ease and naturalness of his style and his humor and truth in character drawing4 ,read from ,the ,rise of ,silas ,lapham1 and ,a ,modern ,instance4 ,read also from his sketches of travel4 ,,viii--,,april ,study ,hans ,christian ,andersen1 ,murillo1 ,wordsworth and ,charlotte ,bronte1 whose birthdays come in this month4 ,andersen's life is full of a simple interest1 and a sketch of it may be followed by many readings from his books1 especially from ,a ,picture-,book ,without ,pictures1 ,tales for ,children1 and ,the ,ice ,maiden4 ,notice that most of his work was illustrated from incidents from his own experience1 which makes it natural4 ,murillo1 the ,spanish painter1 the friend of ,velasquez1 painted in three different styles1 but he used only two classes of subjects2 papers may work out this suggestion and illustrate it from his well-known pictures4 ,show copies of the ,assumption of the ,virgin1 his best-known religious work1 and of others of the same style4 ,notice the beauty and charm of his children4 ,wordsworth should certainly have more than one meeting given to him4 ,write of his quiet country life1 of his wife and sister ,dorothy2 of his many friends2 show his different styles of verse and read poems from each2 read also his best-known sonnets4 ,charlotte ,bronte is one of the unusual ,english women writers4 ,write of her home life on the moors with her talented family1 her work1 especially ,jane ,eyre1 so full of striking romance1 and her early death4 ,read several scenes from ,jane ,eyre4 ,,ix--,,may ,dante1 ,andubon1 ,browning and ,brahms belong to ,may4 ,dante's story1 his life in ,florence1 his love for ,beatrice1 his military service1 his exile and death all need plenty of time to study4 ,his fame as a poet is unrivaled in its power and beauty of language4 ,have sketches of his life1 his times and his work1 and read what critics have said of it4 ,read also from translations of the ,vita ,nuova and the ,divina ,commedia1 in their translations4 7,see ,longfellow's47 ,the work of our own ,audubon is better known to-day than when he was living4 ,his life story is most romantic2 read this1 and show what he accomplished4 ,have shown some copies of his famous pictures of birds4 ,compare him with other naturalists4 ,robert ,browning did what no other poet has done2 when he was twenty years old he found the theme for his life work1 the development of the human soul2 this is the key to his verse4 ,read of his life in ,england and in ,italy2 speak of his friendships2 study his philosophy2 discuss his versification2 show his different styles of work2 have many illustrative readings4 ,compare him with other poets4 ,have some of his songs sung which are set to music2 read also ,pippa ,passes4 ,x--,,june ,now come the birthdays of the musicians1 ,gounod and ,schumann1 and also of the patriot ,nathan ,hale1 the teacher ,thomas ,arnold1 and the novelist ,thomas ,hardy4 ,hale is one of those men of whom we are always learning more4 ,have papers on his early life1 his years at ,yale1 the events which led to his capture and his execution2 show a picture of the statue in the ,city ,hall ,park of ,new ,york4 ,compare him with ,andre4 ,give selections from different writers showing their estimate of him4 ,thomas ,arnold is the ideal for all teachers1 and so an excellent subject for a meeting4 ,tell of his home2 of ,rugby as he found it2 of his ideas for the school and for the individual boys2 mention some of the great men he trained2 read from ,tom ,brown at ,rugby and show pictures of the school4 ,hardy is one of the great ,victorian novelists1 a writer of somber1 realistic and pessimistic stories of great power4 ,read of ,wessex and its moors and wind-swept fells in the ,return of the ,native4 ,notice the homely humor in all his books4 ,read from his most artistic work1 ,far from the ,madding ,crowd1 and from ,tess of the ,d',urbervilles1 his most dramatic4 ,compare him with other writers of the day4 ,discuss his philosophy4 ,,chapter ,,xx ,,programs ,,from ,,clubs ,i ,a ,virginia club has studied this group of painters3 ,italian ,artists3 ,raphael1 ,titian1 ,correggio4 ,flemish ,artists3 ,van ,eyck1 ,rubens1 ,van ,dyck4 ,dutch ,artists3 ,frans ,hals1 ,rembrandt1 ,ruysdael4 ,spanish ,artists3 ,velasquez1 ,murillo1 ,fortuny4 ,german ,artists3 ,duerer1 ,holbein1 ,hoffman4 ,french ,artists3 ,rosa ,bonheur1 ,corot1 ,millet4 ,english and ,american ,artists3 ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds1 ,millais1 ,sargent4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,girls' ,club of ,upper ,montclair1 ,new ,jersey1 was started several years ago as a department of the ,woman's ,club4 ,its membership includes girls in the grade below the high school and the girls who have left school and have not gone to college or into business4 ,the attendance has grown so that one winter there was only one meeting when the number did not reach a hundred4 ,the meetings are held every ,monday afternoon at three-thirty and some well-known speaker gives a short talk4 ,sometimes a musical is given4 ,after the lecture there is dancing for a half hour and light refreshments are served by the girls4 ,the club has two unique features3 first1 it has no officers1 but is managed by a committee of five ladies1 all mothers of high school students4 ,the girls are willing to help at all times1 but those who know girls realize that most clubs are officered to death4 ,another unique feature is that there are no dues4 ,there are many minor expenses1 such as printing and traveling expenses of the guests1 and the first three years the ,woman's ,club met these1 but later the ,girls' ,club became self-supporting4 ,one afternoon entertainment was given for the children and one evening entertainment for the grown-ups1 making enough to pay all the yearly expenses and present the ,woman's ,club twenty-five dollars as a gift for their building fund4 ,the club now has started a prize competition in bread-1 cake- and dressmaking1 offering a first prize of five dollars and a second prize of two dollars and fifty cents4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a club that is doing practical work is following this varied program3 ,roll call3 ,kitchen appliances and conveniences4 ,paper3 ,household accounts4 ,are they essential8 ,paper3 ,system in household work1 and economy of time4 ,demonstration3 ,sandwiches and canapes4 ,roll call3 ,helpful suggestions for housework4 ,paper3 ,fireless cookers and their usefulness4 ,demonstration3 ,the fireless cooker4 ,roll call3 ,waste2 what is it8 ,paper3 ,the household waste4 ,paper3 ,fuel and fuel economy4 ,demonstration3 ,paper-bag cookery4 ,roll call3 ,emergency luncheon menus4 ,paper3 ,modern problems in the home4 ,the servant problem4 ,paper3 ,the seamstress problem4 ,paper3 ,the nurse1 or the hospital8 ,paper3 ,the guest4 ,demonstration3 ,how to shape croquettes and seal molds4 ,roll call3 ,supper ideas4 ,paper3 ,a balanced dietary4 ,paper3 ,suitable combinations of foods4 ,paper3 ,food values4 ,demonstration3 ,supper dishes4 ,roll call3 ,ways of serving fruit4 ,paper3 ,soups and soup-making4 ,paper3 ,planning the menu for a formal luncheon4 ,demonstration3 ,laying the luncheon table4 ,roll call3 ,a chafing-dish menu4 ,paper3 ,planning the meals so as to reduce cost4 ,paper3 ,the chafing dish2 is it practical8 ,demonstration3 ,a chafing-dish luncheon4 ,roll call3 ,where shall we market8 ,paper3 ,marketing and the cheaper cuts of meat4 ,paper3 ,the old market and the new4 ,discussion3 ,is it more economical to buy bread or make it1 for a small family8 ,demonstration3 ,a luncheon costing twenty cents per capita4 ,roll call3 ,breakfast dishes4 ,paper3 ,the adjustment of home duties to social requirements4 ,discussion3 ,fats2 lard1 butter1 butterine1 etc4 ,demonstration3 ,cakes made with different shortenings4 ,roll call3 ,how shall we replenish the preserve closet in winter8 ,paper3 ,sweeping made easy4 ,paper3 ,labor-saving devices4 ,demonstration3 ,new labor-saving devices4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a teachers' club in the ,west has an excellent travel and study program based upon books of current interest4 ,roll call3 ,current ,events4 ,paper3 ,through the ,heart of ,patagonia4 ,roll call3 ,unique ,customs of ,countries4 ,paper3 ,changing ,china4 ,roll call3 ,quotations from ,doctor ,grenfell4 ,paper3 ,the ,possibilities of ,labrador4 ,roll call3 ,persian ,epigrams4 ,paper3 ,modern ,persia4 ,roll call3 ,anecdotes of ,famous ,people4 ,paper3 ,the ,passing of ,korea4 ,roll call3 ,conundrums4 ,paper3 ,tripoli the ,mysterious4 ,roll ,call3 ,selections from ,spring ,poems4 ,paper3 ,turkey and the ,turks4 ,roll call3 ,epigrams4 ,paper3 ,the ,balkan ,states4 99 99 99 99 99 ,one of the most interesting clubs in ,new ,england has a membership of farmers' wives and daughters1 scattered around for ten miles4 ,it has astonishingly clever programs1 prepared with few library helps4 ,each program is clearly written on a small folder1 adorned with a ,perry picture bearing on the subject of the day4 ,one program was3 ,our ,friend the ,horse4 ,music2 ,current ,events2 paper1 ,horses1 ,past and ,present2 reading1 ,the ,council of ,horse1 by ,gay2 reading1 ,the ,blood ,horse1 by ,barry ,cornwall2 reading1 ,the ,leap of ,roushan ,beg1 by ,longfellow2 paper1 ,some of the ,horses in ,bookland2 reading1 ,how ,they ,brought the ,good ,news from ,ghent to ,aix1 by ,browning4 ,another meeting1 a social one1 had for its subject3 ,tea4 ,paper1 ,tea ,culture2 ,tea in literature2 reading1 ,the ,boston ,tea ,party1 by ,holmes2 reading from ,cranford1 ,the ,tea ,party2 toasts1 presented by members1 drunk in tea4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a program for the year on ,domestic ,science begins each month with a roll call1 answered by ,helpful ,hints4 ,here is one meeting3 ,roll call3 ,helpful ,hints on ,vegetables and ,soups4 ,paper3 ,furnishing a ,dining-room4 ,paper3 ,furnishing a ,bedroom4 ,discussion of certain recipes 7read aloud74 ,practical demonstration4 99 99 99 99 99 ,another meeting was even more interesting3 ,roll call3 ,helpful ,hints for the ,kitchen4 ,paper3 ,the ,evolution of the ,modern ,house4 ,paper3 ,the ,woman ,who ,cleaned ,atlanta4 ,notes on ,meats and ,deep-fat ,frying1 by members4 ,discussion3 ,made-over ,dishes4 ,practical demonstration4 ,discussion3 ,use of butter substitutes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a charming yearbook has come from ,flatbush1 ,long ,island3 ,the ,ocean4 ,importance of the ,ocean2 ,life in the ,deep2 ,sea ,animals2 ,whales and ,whaling2 ,turtles and ,tortoise ,shell2 ,sharks1 ,sword ,fish1 ,sea ,serpents2 ,modes of ,fishing in ,various ,countries2 ,the ,sponge2 ,pearls and ,pearl ,diving2 ,sea ,gardens1 ,sea ,weeds and ,mosses2 ,shells2 ,superstitions and ,folklore2 ,coral2 ,birds of the ,sea2 ,phenomena of the ,ocean2 ,influence of the ,sea on ,poetry and ,music2 ,marine ,painting2 ,deep ,sea ,explorations2 ,evolution of ,sea ,craft2 ,famous ,navigators2 ,pirates2 ,history of the ,battleship2 ,naval ,heroes2 ,polar ,explorations2 ,the ,life ,saving ,service2 ,light-houses and ,beacons2 ,roll ,call1 answered by ,fish ,stories4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a new idea from ,tacoma1 ,washington1 is a ,query ,club4 ,the members write on slips of paper the questions they wish answered and the president gives the slips to a committee of three to prepare the answers for the next meeting of the club4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a club in the ,west doing practical work reports3 ,it has the promise of a city market4 ,it has made a study of the state pure-food laws4 ,it has personally inspected dairies and ice cream factories1 and studied the state laws of weights and measures1 and had lectures on them4 ,it has had a weights and measures exhibition at the state fair1 and is working on a new weights and measures law4 ,it has written to the ,secretary of ,agriculture for valuable bulletins on household economics1 to be distributed among the women of the state4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a club in ,illinois which has addresses before it made by ministers1 doctors and school superintendents1 as well as papers by members1 has studied these topics3 ,pure ,food2 ,juvenile ,courts2 ,industrial ,homes2 ,the ,school as a ,home2 ,the ,home as a ,school-,maker2 ,books by ,age and ,temperament2 ,the ,psychology of ,success and ,failure2 ,environments3 natural1 civic1 esthetic and ethical2 ,the ,psychology of ,occupation and ,dress2 ,playgrounds1 ,games and ,systematic ,recreations2 ,woman's ,place in ,civic ,improvement2 ,the ,conservation of ,health2 and1 ,what the ,people ,have a ,right to ,expect of the ,high ,school4 ,other clubs will find these may easily be expanded into many interesting sub-topics1 and many of them may be used as suggestions for practical work in the home town or city of the club4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,kentucky woman's club1 meeting fortnightly all the year round1 has for its current subject ,rome and ,italy4 ,the meetings open with a roll call1 followed by from two to four papers1 sometimes varied with readings1 music and discussions4 ,for the responses at the roll call such themes are suggested as3 ,something about ,italy2 ,an ancient ,roman and something about him2 ,quotations from ,shakespeare's ,coriolanus2 ,something ,about statuary you have seen2 ,quotations from ,marcus ,aurelius2 ,quotations from or about ,petrarch2 ,quotations from ,romola4 ,the themes for papers are2 ,italy in ,roman ,times2 ,legends2 ,the ,eternal ,city2 ,the ,romans2 ,the ,republic2 ,early ,literature2 ,early ,art2 ,michelangelo2 ,italian ,opera2 ,statesmen2 ,master ,minds2 ,philosophy2 ,naples2 ,growth of ,ecclesiastical ,power2 ,dante2 ,humanism2 ,italian ,art2 ,italian ,musicians2 ,the ,renaissance2 #adib and ,its ,triumph2 ,a ,battlefield for ,aliens 7modern ,italy1 #aecj-agif72 ,patriots2 ,sicily2 ,modern ,romans4 ,one meeting is given to an annual reception4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a club of three hundred members in the ,east is divided into standing committees1 each member being on as many as she chooses4 ,they are3 ,literature1 music and drama1 art1 science1 sociology1 home and social relations1 education1 and hospitality4 ,one year this program was presented3 ,education4 ,address3 ,the function of story-telling in modern education1 with illustrative stories4 ,music and ,drama4 ,address by an actor-manager3 ,behind the scenes2 ,music4 ,art4 ,address3 ,japanese arrangement of flowers2 ,music4 ,home and ,social ,relations4 ,society2 ,early colonial life2 ,southern society2 ,intellectual society2 ,society to-day 7four papers74 ,sociology4 ,two addresses3 ,the ,probation ,court1 and1 the ,children's ,court1 both by officers4 ,literature4 ,address3 ,lincoln and the people2 ,music4 ,science4 ,address with lantern slides3 ,the wild birds and how to attract them4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a club in ,pennsylvania prefaces its year book with these ten commandments3 #a4 ,thou shalt have no other clubs before this one4 #b4 ,thou shalt not worship any false thing4 #c4 ,remember thy club engagement4 #d4 ,honor thy club sisters4 #e4 ,thou shalt not murder the ,king's ,english4 #f4 ,thou shalt not covet office4 #g4 ,thou shalt be prepared for roll call4 #h4 ,thou shalt not at the eleventh hour begin to hunt material for thy paper4 #i4 ,thou shalt not speak in meeting when thy sister has the floor4 #aj4 ,thou shalt diligently keep these commandments so that thy club days be lengthened1 and thy fame spread unto the uttermost parts of clubdom4 ,,chapter ,,xxi ,,what ,,clubs ,,are ,,studying ,,ii ,from many club year books that have been examined the following programs are selected3 ,here is the program of a ,louisiana club which has studied the history of its own ,state--a very good thing to do3 ,the ,early ,settlers in ,louisiana2 ,founding of ,new ,orleans2 ,spanish ,dominion2 ,jackson ,square and the ,cabildo2 ,louisiana's ,part in the ,revolution2 ,the ,great ,purchase2 ,the ,battle of ,new ,orleans2 ,the ,carnival and ,mardi ,gras2 ,the ,french ,quarter2 ,louisiana ,folk ,tales2 ,the ,evangeline ,country2 ,the ,state's ,resources2 ,forestry2 ,mines and ,minerals2 ,products2 ,the ,history of the ,levees2 ,bird ,life in ,louisiana2 ,louisiana ,law2 ,the ,code2 ,laws of the ,home2 ,legal ,status of ,women1 and ,their ,influence in ,municipalities4 ,it is hoped that this program was illustrated with the many delightful stories of life in ,new ,orleans which have been written4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a club in ,idaho has an interesting connection with the ,commercial ,club of the city made up of business men1 and works with them by having occasional meetings together4 ,some of the topics studied this year are these3 ,aids to the ,public ,school ,system2 ,social ,centers and ,open ,air ,schools2 ,parent and ,teacher ,associations2 ,encouraging ,home ,industry2 ,the ,idaho ,health ,bill2 ,what the ,government ,is ,doing for ,women and ,children2 ,city ,sanitation2 ,market ,inspection2 ,uniform ,marriage and ,divorce ,laws2 ,the ,proposed ,compensation ,act for ,criminals2 ,interstate ,commerce2 ,property ,rights of ,women2 ,juvenile ,courts2 ,conservation of ,natural ,resources2 ,civic ,improvements2 ,pure ,food4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,vermont club which has existed for many years has in its year book a list of all the subjects studied for the past ten4 ,some of these are3 ,colonial ,america1 ,later ,american ,history1 ,short ,studies on ,great ,subjects1 ,russia and ,japan4 ,in addition to these studies the club has had lectures on ,american ,indians1 ,the ,moving ,picture ,show1 ,forestry1 ,humane ,education1 ,travels in the ,penal ,settlements of ,siberia1 and ,the ,land of ,evangeline2 most of these have been illustrated4 ,this club numbers a hundred members4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,western club has taken up ,shakespeare in a remarkably thorough way4 ,it has had five plays for the year's work1 and one act of each play has been read at each meeting1 followed by a paper relating to it1 and a discussion4 ,one part of their work is this3 ,antony and ,cleopatra--,act ,i1 ,the ,history of the ,play and ,its ,setting2 ,act ,,ii1 ,paper on ,egyptology2 ,act ,,iii1 ,paper on ,cleopatra and ,her ,influence4 ,other plays are studied in the same way4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,georgia club gave the first half of the year to the study of ,shakespeare's women1 and the latter half to this program on ,american ,painters3 ,the ,early ,painters1 to #ahfe2 ,whistler and ,la,farge2 ,landscape and ,marines2 ,figures2 ,miniature ,painters2 ,american ,illustrators2 ,stained ,glass ,designers4 ,a noticeable feature of the year book is the printing at the back of an excellent bibliography1 giving a list of all the books needed in the work4 99 99 99 99 99 ,from ,ohio comes a program on ,welfare ,study and ,vocations for ,trained ,women2 ,the ,boy ,problem2 ,the ,girl ,problem2 ,local ,civics2 ,foods2 ,women in ,business 7three meetings72 ,women in ,arts and ,professions 7three meetings71 and ,handicraft 7three meetings74 99 99 99 99 99 ,an ,alabama club has a year book on ,spain of more than usual attractiveness4 ,each topic is unusually well developed3 ,the ,land of ,spain2 ,the ,dawn of ,history in ,spain2 ,the ,moors2 ,the ,age of ,adventure2 ,kings2 ,spain in ,its ,glory2 ,the ,church2 ,cities2 ,social ,life2 ,industries and ,occupations2 ,spanish ,women2 ,art and ,literature2 ,spain ,to-day4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,new ,york club has this study in ,conservation3 ,water ,power1 the ,history of ,its ,development2 ,state ,laws2 ,reclamation of ,arid ,lands2 ,government ,dams2 ,the ,laws of ,water ,rights2 ,our ,fisheries2 ,our ,forests2 ,forestry ,service2 ,our ,mineral ,wealth2 ,conditions in ,mining ,districts2 ,laws of ,mining2 ,conservation of ,human ,energy2 ,labor ,laws2 ,protection of ,workers2 ,compensation2 ,abandoned ,farms2 ,scientific ,farming2 ,life ,saving ,service2 ,government ,lands2 ,homestead ,claims4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a delightful year book has the title ,studies in ,english ,history1 with this program3 ,life ,among the ,early ,saxons2 ,alfred the ,great2 ,the ,norman ,conquest and ,its ,influences2 ,edward the ,third and ,chivalry2 ,chaucer and ,his ,tales2 ,the ,wars of the ,roses2 ,henry the ,eighth and the ,reformation2 ,the ,glory of ,elizabeth's ,reign2 ,puritans and ,cavaliers2 ,oliver ,cromwell and ,his ,times2 ,the ,romance of the ,stuarts2 ,william of ,orange1 ,queen ,anne1 and the ,literature of the ,times2 ,art of ,reynolds and ,gainsborough2 ,the ,romantic ,movement in ,literature2 ,the ,reform ,bill of #ahcb and the ,rise of ,democracy2 ,the ,age of ,victoria2 ,life and ,society2 ,english ,essayists and ,novelists4 ,the charm of this study lay not only in the subjects given1 but in the readings which illuminated each monthly program1 chosen from the best literature bearing on the general subject4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a teachers' club has a program with no definite title1 but with a certain geographical and historic value1 and at the same time deals with subjects in which the members take a professional interest4 ,each meeting begins with a roll call answered sometimes by description of unique customs in different countries1 and sometimes by anecdotes of famous people1 and often by epigrams1 or selections from poems of the season4 ,some of the subjects studied are3 ,changing ,china2 ,the ,possibilities of ,labrador2 ,persia2 ,the ,passing of ,korea2 ,tripoli the ,mysterious2 ,abyssinia of ,to-day1 and ,the ,balkan ,states4 ,the topics of special interest to the teacher3 ,the ,montessori ,method2 ,the ,binet ,tests for the ,feeble-,minded2 ,the ,status of the ,teacher2 ,systematic ,study in the ,elementary ,schools2 ,the ,teaching of ,arithmetic4 99 99 99 99 99 ,one excellent program sent by an ,ohio club is on a unique plan4 ,there are seventeen members1 and to each was given one current topic1 on which she reported each month4 ,municipal ,affairs1 ,magazines1 ,our ,state1 ,literature1 ,hygienics1 ,suffrage1 ,art1 ,domestic ,science1 ,politics1 ,foreign ,news1 ,science1 ,agriculture1 ,education1 ,religion and ,philanthropy1 the ,drama1 and ,famous ,men were those selected4 ,the year's program was wholly upon social and economic questions3 ,the ,dawning of ,economic ,consciousness2 ,economics in ,relation to ,citizenship2 ,new ,methods in ,public ,schools2 ,organized ,charities2 ,cost of ,living in ,relation to ,criminology2 ,prison ,reform2 ,the ,tramp ,question2 ,united ,states ,courts2 ,history of ,money2 ,panics2 ,municipal ,ownership4 ,there were several papers under each of these heads1 and the whole seems most practical and interesting4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in contrast with this well-constructed program comes one from an ,illinois club which shows a certain confusion4 ,there are committees on ,parliamentary ,law1 ,domestic ,science1 ,dramatic ,art1 ,travel1 ,music and ,physical ,culture4 ,meetings are held weekly and1 among others1 these subjects have been presented3 ,our ,local ,pioneers2 ,mexico2 ,home ,environment2 ,mother and ,child2 ,the ,american ,colonies2 ,domestic ,science with ,demonstration2 ,american ,art2 and ,travel in ,japan4 ,this is by far too varied a program1 and if only one main subject had been taken1 say ,the ,american ,colonies1 members of the club would have found at the end of the year that they had gained more than they possibly could have from the casual treatment of so many4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,new ,york ,state club offers this unusual ,musical ,program4 7,the study meetings are illustrated by musical numbers1 and between such meetings are others on the latest events in the musical world4 ,a large chorus is also sustained by the club1 which gives concerts at intervals47 ,american ,music4 ,our ,favorites2 ,folk ,songs and ,indian ,music2 ,women ,musicians2 ,nevins and ,mac,dowell2 ,operas2 ,ballads4 ,foreign ,music4 ,german and ,austrian ,music2 ,great ,britain's ,music2 ,russian ,music2 ,polish and ,hungarian ,music2 ,italian ,music2 ,french ,music2 ,comparison of ,foreign and ,american ,music4 99 99 99 99 99 ,an ,ohio club has an unusually good set of ,current ,topics1 for study in connection with a year's program on ,nature3 ,women's ,clubs2 ,inventions2 ,education2 ,war2 ,music and ,musicians2 ,famous ,personalities2 ,our ,cabinet2 ,france2 ,commerce2 ,agriculture2 ,the ,religious ,world2 ,our ,foreign ,affairs2 ,germany2 ,mexico2 ,south ,america2 ,china2 ,canada2 ,immigration2 ,philanthropy2 ,municipal ,affairs2 ,art and ,artists2 ,panama ,exposition2 ,aviation2 ,panama ,canal2 ,russia2 ,turkey and ,italy2 ,scientific ,news2 ,british ,affairs2 ,current ,literature4 ,one of these topics is taken up at the close of the study program at each meeting4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a club in ,pennsylvania has this somewhat unusual program3 ,the ,american ,government4 ,colonial ,times4 ,reading1 ,colonial ,heroes4 ,territory ,gained by the ,revolution4 ,reading1 ,paul ,revere's ,ride4 ,the ,constitution4 ,reading1 ,the ,amendments4 ,the ,louisiana ,purchase and the ,acquisition of ,florida4 ,reading1 ,the ,department of ,agriculture4 ,the ,monroe ,doctrine4 ,reading1 ,the ,pan-,american ,union4 ,the ,annexation of ,texas2 the ,mexican ,cession4 ,reading1 ,the ,weather ,bureau4 ,settlement of the ,oregon ,boundary2 ,the ,gladsden ,purchase4 ,reading1 ,the ,post ,office ,department4 ,the ,alaska ,purchase3 ,alaska of ,to-day4 ,reading1 from ,beach's ,silver ,horde4 ,hawaii4 ,reading1 ,the ,smithsonian ,institution4 ,porto ,rico4 ,reading1 ,the ,patent ,office4 ,cuba4 ,reading1 ,the ,interstate ,commerce ,commission4 ,the ,philippines4 ,reading1 ,our ,insular ,possessions4 ,the ,panama ,canal4 ,reading1 ,the ,public ,health4 ,expansion4 ,reading1 ,the ,white ,man's ,burden4 ,the ,executive ,department4 ,reading1 ,the ,state ,department4 ,the ,judicial ,department4 ,reading1 ,the ,civil ,service ,department4 ,the ,legislative ,department4 ,reading1 ,library of ,congress4 ,the ,united ,states ,army4 ,reading1 ,the ,treasury ,department4 ,the ,united ,states ,navy4 ,reading1 ,the ,national ,capital4 ,discussion3 ,woman ,suffrage4 ,,pledge ,,of ,,tennessee ,,federation ,,of ,,women',s ,,clubs ,,we ,,pledge ,,ourselves to use our united strength to make better homes1 better schools1 better surroundings1 better scholarship1 and better lives2 to work together for civic health and civic righteousness2 to preserve our heritage--the forests1 and the natural beauties of the land2 to procure for our children an education which fits them for life--the training of the hand and the heart as well as the head2 to protect the children not our own1 who are deprived of the birthright of natural childhood2 to obtain right conditions and proper safeguards for the women who toil4 ,,chapter ,,xxii ,,brief ,,one ,,day ,,programs ,i--,,social ,,settlements ,their ,beginning and ,growth2 ,the ,story of ,toynbee ,hall4 ,the ,work for ,women2 ,cooking and ,sewing ,classes4 ,the ,work for ,girls2 ,dancing ,classes4 ,the ,work for ,men2 ,coffee and ,reading ,rooms2 ,men's ,clubs for ,discussion4 ,the ,work for ,children2 ,free ,kindergartens2 ,fresh ,air ,work4 ,the ,work for ,babies2 ,the ,creche2 ,good ,milk2 ,ice4 ,playgrounds in ,cities4 ,jane ,addams and ,hull ,house4 ,these topics will all promote discussion1 and it is possible that personal experiences may be brought out which will be exceedingly interesting4 ,plenty of good material for papers will be found in magazine articles4 ,,ii--,,the ,,high ,,cost ,,of ,,living ,i4 ,the ,problem ,presented3 ,papers or talks on 7#a7 ,the increase in the price of food-stuffs4 7#b7 ,the increase in rents4 7#c7 ,higher wages of servants4 7#d7 ,the more complex social life and greater demand for luxuries4 ,music4 ,,ii4 ,the ,problem ,discussed3 7#a7 ,possible reduction in the expense of food by simple living4 7#b7 ,the movement of city people to the country4 7#c7 ,is the elimination of the servant possible8 7#d7 ,how far is woman responsible for the state of things1 and what can she do to reduce social expenditure8 ,,iii--,,ireland ,the beautiful country2 the ,lakes of ,killarney2 the northern coast2 pictures4 ,a brief resume of ,ireland's history2 ,st4 ,columba2 ,st4 ,patrick4 ,historic features2 cathedrals and churches2 the ,round ,towers4 ,the ,irish poet1 ,moore4 ,music3 ,the ,harp ,that ,once ,through ,tara's ,halls2 ,those ,evening ,bells2 ,the ,last ,rose of ,summer2 ,oft in the ,stilly ,night4 ,brief sketches of some of ,ireland's great men--,burke1 ,sheridan1 ,o',connell1 ,swift1 ,goldsmith1 etc4 ,music3 ,moore's ,canadian ,boat ,song4 ,,iv--,,robert ,,burns ,description and pictures of the village of ,ayr2 the ,house ,where ,burns ,was ,born2 the ,brig o' ,doon4 ,sketch of ,burns's life4 ,songs3 ,the ,banks and ,braes of ,bonny ,doon2 ,my ,heart's in the ,highlands2 ,whistle and ,i'll ,come to ,you1 ,my ,lad4 ,reading from ,tam o' ,shanter4 ,reading of four short poems3 ,highland ,mary2 the ,mountain ,daisy2 ,mary ,morison1 etc4 ,reading from ,the ,cotter's ,saturday ,night4 ,songs3 ,comin' ,through the ,rye2 ,john ,anderson1 ,my ,jo1 ,john2 ,auld ,lang ,syne4 ,v--,,women ,,and ,,social ,,relations ,papers and talks on3 ,our ,grandmothers' ,ideas of ,woman's ,place and ,our ,own2 ,woman as a ,wage-,earner2 ,the ,mother as a ,business ,woman2 ,music2 ,the ,conscience of the ,woman ,purchaser2 ,would ,woman's ,social ,usefulness ,be ,increased by the ,ballot8 ,music4 ,,vi--,,the ,,madonna ,,in ,,art ,paper or talk on the earliest painters2 crude representations on walls and canvas4 ,botticelli and his pictures2 illustrate with photographs4 ,raphael2 sketch of his life2 his pictures2 illustrate with well-known examples1 such as the ,sistine ,madonna and the ,madonna of the ,chair4 ,the ,madonnas of ,murillo2 ,the ,immaculate ,conception4 ,the modern ,madonnas2 pictures by ,gabriel ,max and others4 ,the ,madonnas of ,burne-,jones and his school4 ,intersperse with suitable ,christmas music4 ,,vii--,,the ,,city ,,of ,,london ,papers3 ,its ,early ,history4 ,remains of ,oldest ,buildings3 ,bits of the ,roman ,wall1 ,st4 ,bartholomew's ,church1 ,st4 ,stephen's ,hall1 ,the ,jerusalem ,chamber1 ,the ,tower1 with ,william the ,conqueror's ,church4 ,literary ,london3 ,the ,city in ,shakespeare2 ,johnston and the ,clubs2 ,milton and ,addison2 ,dickens's ,london4 ,famous ,landmarks3 ,parliament ,buildings1 ,westminster ,abbey1 ,the ,churches1 ,st4 ,paul's1 ,the ,tower1 ,grey ,friars1 ,the ,royal ,palaces1 ,the ,museums1 ,the ,art-,galleries1 ,the ,parks4 ,,viii--,,birds ,song3 ,hark1 ,hark1 the ,lark6 ,reading3 ,from ,our ,neighbors1 the ,birds1 by ,mabel ,osgood ,wright4 ,reading or recitation3 ,shelley's ,to a ,sky-,lark4 ,paper3 ,the ,birds and the ,milliner4 ,reading3 ,from ,the ,tragedies of the ,nests1 by ,john ,burroughs4 ,song3 ,spring ,hath ,waked the ,song-,bird1 by ,mendelssohn4 ,reading3 ,from ,bird ,courtship1 by ,john ,burroughs4 ,recitation3 ,the ,robin ,singing in the ,rain1 by ,kate ,upson ,clark4 ,song3 ,swing1 ,robin1 ,swing4 ,for some of these readings others may be substituted if preferred4 ,here are a few suggestions1 which can readily be amplified3 ,baby ,days and ,the ,tricks and ,manners of a ,cat-,bird1 by ,olive ,thorne ,miller2 ,bird ,life and ,its ,romance1 by ,john ,lea1 and numerous magazine articles which may be found in an ,index to ,periodical ,literature1 contained in all public libraries4 ,among the many poems appropriate to the occasion are3 ,o1 ,swallow1 ,swallow1 ,flying1 ,flying ,south1 from ,tennyson's ,princess and ,wordsworth's ,to a ,sky-,lark4 ,some lovely songs are3 ,from ,twig to ,twig1 by ,rubinstein2 ,the ,passage ,birds' ,farewell1 by ,mendelssohn1 and ,the ,nightingale1 by ,schumann4 ,liza ,lehman has also written some fascinating bird songs1 including ,the ,wood ,pigeon1 ,the ,yellowhammer and ,the ,owl4 ,a really valuable paper on ,bird ,music might be written2 material for this will be found in any good reference library1 for it is a subject which has interested several musicians4 ,a delightful discussion could easily be arranged by the chairman of the day on ,personal ,experiences with ,birds1 with brief talks by members on what they have actually observed in the way of nest building or feeding of young birds1 or how they have tamed some bird4 ,,ix--,,the ,,modern ,,science ,,of ,,household ,,sanitation ,,and ,,hygiene ,paper on ,our ,grandmothers' ,ways 7disregard of what is to-day considered as essential74 ,the ,sanitary ,nursery2 carpets or rugs2 cribs2 ventilation2 the preparation of foods for children2 the care of milk2 the baby's bottle2 disinfection4 ,the ,sanitary ,kitchen2 sinks and floor corners2 mops and dish-cloths2 refrigerators4 ,the ,butcher and ,grocer2 pure food4 ,the ,family ,table2 discussion on new ideas2 vegetarianism2 the use and abuse of cereals2 how to meet the high cost of living sensibly4 ,x--,,the ,,physical ,,side ,,of ,,the ,,child ,paper3 ,a ,child's ,right to a ,perfect ,body4 ,paper3 ,the ,child's ,sleep4 ,arrangements for ,perfect ,sleep2 ,hours for ,sleep4 ,discussion3 ,shall the ,baby ,sleep ,out of ,doors8 ,paper3 ,the ,child's ,dress2 ,healthfulness2 ,simplicity2 the ,plague of ,clothes4 ,paper3 ,the ,child's ,food4 ,the ,education of ,mothers on ,this ,line2 the ,milk-,supply in ,town and ,country4 ,discussion3 ,a ,child's ,health as ,affected by ,its ,surroundings4 ,paper or ,talk3 ,the ,city ,child and the ,country ,child4 ,should music be made a feature of these meetings1 there are settings of ,stevenson's1 ,eugene ,field's and ,riley's child verses which would be especially appropriate4 ,,xi--,,an ,,american ,,poet ,,and ,,his ,,friends ,paper on ,longfellow's ,early ,home and ,life4 ,talk3 ,his ,married ,life2 ,his ,children4 ,reading3 ,the ,children's ,hour4 ,paper on ,longfellow as ,harvard ,professor4 ,readings from ,his ,american ,poems3 ,hiawatha1 ,evangeline1 ,courtship of ,miles ,standish4 ,paper3 ,foreign ,honors2 ,westminster ,abbey4 ,his ,translations3 ,norwegian1 ,the ,saga of ,king ,olaf2 ,swedish1 ,king ,christian2 ,german1 ,the ,happiest ,land2 ,french1 ,a ,quiet ,life2 ,spanish1 ,coplas de ,marigue4 ,talk3 ,at ,mount ,auburn4 ,,xii--,,an ,,educational ,,meeting ,paper or talk on ,froebel and the ,kindergarten4 ,the ,kindergarten in the ,public ,school4 ,the ,sanitation of ,our ,public ,schools4 ,discipline in the ,school4 ,the ,relations of ,teacher and ,parent4 ,beautifying the ,school-,building and ,grounds4 ,the discussion might also be on such topics as ,social ,life ,versus ,school ,life2 ,the ,health of ,high-,school ,girls2 ,athletics and ,study1 etc4 ,the topic in the program of ,froebel and ,his ,work might be taken up by a trained kindergartner2 perhaps the head of a high school might come in and speak on the ,health of the ,high-,school ,girl1 and some teacher interested in art might tell what could be done to beautify the school-building with pictures1 plaster casts and growing plants1 the grounds outside with trees and vines4 ,by dividing the subject into ,primary ,schools and ,high ,schools1 and arranging the topics under each and adding to them1 two programs could easily be made out of this one4 ,or1 a meeting could be held1 following this one1 on college life1 in its various aspects2 college for girls2 athletics2 training for life in college and outside1 and the relation of college boys and girls to their homes4 ,,xiii--,a ,,magazine ,,meeting ,give to six members the names of four or five good magazines1 and ask one to speak of some of the essays in them2 another to take up the travel articles2 a third the poetry2 a fourth the popular science1 and a fifth the short stories4 ,let each give a brief resume of the one which seems best of all to the speaker1 and have a sixth read some of the lighter and more humorous bits of prose and verse from the various magazines4 ,the chairman of the day might also prepare a short discussion by four of the members1 each one speaking for two minutes at the close of the program on such subjects as ,do ,we ,read ,too ,many ,magazines8 ,do ,they ,affect ,our ,more ,serious ,reading8 ,the ,growth of the ,short ,story and ,which ,magazine ,seems on the ,whole the ,one ,best ,worth ,taking in a ,family1 and ,why8 ,some one might also speak on the subject of ,what ,each ,magazine ,seems to ,stand ,for2 one perhaps has most literary quality1 one bright fiction1 and so on4 ,a very clever talk might be given also1 comparing the magazines now with those published thirty years and more ago1 with some idea of the writers of that time and the general character of the articles4 ,,xiv--,,program ,,for ,a ,,thanksgiving ,,meeting ,business2 reports of secretary and treasurer4 ,paper or talk on ,the ,first ,thanksgiving ,day4 ,reading from ,old ,town ,folks1 by ,harriet ,beecher ,stowe2 ,getting ,ready for ,thanksgiving4 ,reading or recitation from ,miles ,standish4 ,paper or talk on ,the ,new ,england ,meeting-,house4 ,personal reminiscences of childhood ,thanksgiving ,days4 ,recitation from ,whittier's ,thanksgiving ,day4 ,if possible hang up a large picture of the ,return of the ,mayflower1 or other appropriate picture in the room4 ,,xv--,,an ,,afternoon ,,with ,,our ,,southern ,,writers ,thomas ,nelson ,page3 ,readings from ,the ,old ,south1 ,chapter ,i2 ,an ,old ,virginia ,sunday2 ,the ,old ,gentleman of the ,black ,stock1 ,chapter ,v4 ,james ,lane ,allen3 ,readings from ,a ,home of the ,silent ,brotherhood1 ,two ,gentlemen of ,kentucky4 ,richard ,malcolm ,johnston3 ,readings from ,dukesborough ,tales4 ,the ,poet of the ,south1 ,sidney ,lanier3 ,selections from his biography1 by his wife4 ,short poems3 ,life and ,song1 ,the ,stirrup ,cup1 ,a ,song of the ,future1 ,a ,ballad of the ,trees and the ,master4 ,george ,w4 ,cable3 ,reading from ',sieur ,george4 ,ruth ,mc,enery ,stuart3 ,readings from ,sonny1 ,the ,second ,wooing of ,salina ,sue1 ,thanksgiving on ,crawfish ,bayou4 ,the program may be interspersed by plantation songs3 ,old ,black ,joe1 ,the ,suwanee ,river1 ,my ,old ,kentucky ,home1 ,camptown ,races and others4 ,,xvi--,,the ,,child ,,in ,,the ,,home ,i4 ,music3 ,ballad4 ,,ii4 ,talk or paper3 ,the child's right to a welcome4 ,,iii4 ,discussion by three members3 7#a7 ,squabbling and how to deal with it4 7#b7 ,unselfishness4 7#c7 ,equal rights for boys and girls4 ,,iv4 ,music3 ,child songs4 ,v4 ,paper3 ,the family evenings3 ,parents and children4 ,,vi4 ,discussion3 7#a7 ,reading aloud4 7#b7 ,games and music4 ,,vii4 ,paper3 ,parents as friends4 ,,viii4 ,talk1 followed by general experiences4 ,,xvii--,,mother ,,and ,,daughter ,commencement and ,afterward4 ,the ,relation of ,parents to the ,grown ,daughter4 ,the ,training for ,housekeeping4 ,friends and ,entertaining4 ,preparations for a ,life-,work ,away from ,home4 ,the ,married ,daughter4 ,the ,unmarried ,middle-,aged ,daughter4 ,a general discussion4 ,,xviii--,,christmas ,,program ,song3 ,noel1 by ,gounod4 ,reading from ,dickens3 the story of ,scrooge's ,christmas4 ,paper or talk on ,curious ,christmas ,customs 7in ,england1 ,germany1 ,sweden1 etc474 ,song3 ,when from the ,east the ,wise ,men ,came1 by ,bullard4 ,reading from ,sonny1 by ,ruth ,mc,enery ,stuart4 ,reading from ,howells's ,christmas ,every ,day4 ,song3 ,the ,virgin's ,lullaby1 by ,dudley ,buck4 ,reading3 ,george ,washington ,jones1 ,a ,christmas ,gift ,that ,went a-,begging1 by ,ruth ,mc,enery ,stuart4 ,song3 ,over the ,hills of ,bethlehem1 by ,neidlinger4 ,interest will be added to this meeting1 of course1 by decorating the club rooms with ,christmas greens and lighting with candles4 ,,xix--,,program ,,for ,a ,,colonial ,,meeting ,home ,life in ,virginia 7paper or talk74 ,reading from ,the ,virginians1 by ,thackeray4 ,the ,love ,story of ,washington4 ,mt4 ,vernon2 ,martha ,washington's ,housekeeping4 7,illustrated with pictures of ,mt4 ,vernon47 ,the ,first ,inaugural ,ball4 ,lafayette's ,return to ,america4 ,brief items of interest given by members1 of family traditions of these and other events4 ,close with two patriotic songs3 ,the ,star-,spangled ,banner1 ,columbia1 the ,gem of the ,ocean or ,america4 ,,xx--,,king ,,arthur ,,and ,,the ,,round ,,table ,paper or talk on ,the ,origin of the ,arthurian ,legend4 ,brief outline of the story of the ,round ,table4 ,reading from ,lowell's ,vision of ,sir ,launfal4 ,reading from ,sir ,thomas ,malory's ,morte d',arthur4 ,the story of ,glastonbury and ,avalon2 description of the abbey4 ,the legend of the ,holy ,thorn4 ,readings from ,howard ,pyle's ,story of ,king ,arthur and ,his ,knights4 ,reading from the ,idylls of the ,king2 ,the ,passing of ,arthur4 ,the chairman in charge of the meeting may procure from her picture-dealer or from the nearest large city inexpensive prints of the ,abbey paintings of the ,holy ,grail in the ,boston ,public ,library1 and these1 mounted on large sheets of white paper1 may be hung about the room4 ,,chapter ,,xxiii ,,how ,,to ,,make ,a ,,year ,,book ,many clubs find it difficult to make year books which shall be clear and comprehensive1 and yet cover briefly the entire field they have selected4 ,this is a simple plan3 ,after the club has agreed on a subject the committee appointed to draw up the year book should meet1 bringing with them all available helps1 books1 maps1 magazine articles and cuttings from papers4 ,with these before them1 the committee must lay out in general the main topics for the club to study1 dividing it into as many parts as there will be meetings during the year4 7,in some instances1 as where a historical subject is chosen1 the ,table of ,contents in some book of reference will be found helpful47 ,under each of the main divisions of the whole four or five subdivisions should then be made out1 corresponding to the number of papers desired on a given day4 ,last of all1 either at the close of the work planned for each meeting1 or at the end of the book1 there should be given a list of reference books4 ,as an example of a year book1 one is given here on the history of ,england1 which will be found worked out in detail in ,chapter ,,xii of this book4 ,,england ,i ,,the ,,country ,,and ,,its ,,races ,papers1-- #a4 ,geological and ,prehistoric ,britain2 ,relics of the ,stone ,age4 #b4 ,physical ,character of the ,country1 ,scenery1 ,climate1 ,products4 #c4 ,the ,druids and ,their ,remains2 ,stonehenge1 etc4 #d ,the ,celts2 ,divisions of the ,race1 folk lore1 etc4 #e4 ,the ,arthurian ,legends4 ,suggested ,readings1-- ,tennyson's ,idylls of the ,king4 ,sir ,thomas ,malory4 ,,ii ,,the ,,roman ,,conquest ,,and ,,early ,,kingdoms ,papers1-- #a4 ,julius ,caesar4 ,invasion of ,england4 ,roman remains in ,england4 ,roman ,roads as they are to-day4 ,boadicea4 #b4 ,early ,saxon ,kings4 ,augustine's ,conversion of ,kent4 ,columba at ,iona4 ,aidan at ,holy ,island4 ,caedmon at ,whitby4 ,venerable ,bede4 #c4 ,alfred and the ,danes4 ,legends4 ,dunstan4 ,the ,danelaw4 ,alfred's ,reforms4 #d4 ,the ,last ,saxon ,kings4 ,edward the ,confessor4 ,harold4 ,founding of ,westminster ,abbey4 7,have a paper on the ,abbey if you wish47 ,suggested ,readings1-- ,death of ,columba from ,bede's ,ecclesiastical ,history4 7,bohn ,library47 ,tacitus' ,agricola4 ,bulwer's ,harold4 ,,iii ,,the ,,normans ,,and ,,angevins ,papers1-- #a4 ,the ,normans and the ,conquest4 ,normans on the ,continent4 ,domesday ,book4 ,bayeux ,tapestry4 #b4 ,the ,feudal ,system4 7,see ,ivanhoe1 opening chapter47 ,castles1 ,chivalry1 ,cathedrals1 ,cruelties4 #c4 ,the ,struggle with the ,papacy4 ,anselm4 ,thomas a ,becket4 #d4 ,england and the ,crusades4 #e4 ,the ,great ,charter4 ,suggested ,readings1-- ,chas4 ,kingsley's ,hereward the ,wake4 ,scott's ,talisman4 ,maurice ,hewlett's ,richard ,yea and ,nay4 ,read the story of the murder of ,thomas a ,becket from ,dean ,stanley's ,memorials of ,canterbury4 ,have some one who has seen the ,domesday ,book and the ,magna ,charta describe them4 ,,iv ,,henry ,,iii ,,and ,,the ,,first ,,two ,,edwards ,papers1-- #a4 ,the ,universities and the ,friars4 ,roger ,bacon4 #b4 ,the ,guilds and ,fairs4 #c4 ,the ,jews in ,england4 ,arrival1 ,special ,laws1 ,famous ,jews in ,english history4 #d4 ,the ,english ,parliament4 ,places where it has met4 ,compare with our form of government4 ,describe present buildings4 #e4 ,wallace and ,bruce4 ,suggested ,readings1-- ,marlowe's ,edward ,,ii4 ,jusserand's ,way-faring ,life in the ,middle ,ages4 ,jessopp's ,coming of the ,friars4 ,jane ,porter's ,scottish ,chiefs4 ,v ,,edward ,,iii ,papers1-- #a4 ,edward and ,scotland4 ,death of ,bruce1 ,balliol4 #b4 ,edward and ,france4 ,crecy1 ,calais1 ,poitiers4 #c4 ,the ,black ,prince4 ,the ,black ,death4 #d4 ,wiclif4 ,story of the ,english ,bible4 ,lollardy4 #e4 ,chancer4 ,mediaeval ,romances4 ,the ,troubadours4 ,suggested ,readings1-- ,froissart's ,chronicle4 ,chaucer's ,canterbury ,tales4 ,,vi ,,richard ,,ii ,,and ,,richard ,,iii ,papers1-- #a4 ,the ,peasants' ,revolt4 ,langland's ,piers ,plowman4 #b4 ,henry ,,iv and ,henry ,v4 ,their characters1 their ,queens4 ,agincourt4 #c4 ,henry ,,vi ,the ,wars of the ,roses4 #d4 ,joan of ,arc4 #e4 ,edward ,,iv and ,richard ,,iii4 ,warwick1 the ,kingmaker4 ,the ,princes in the ,tower4 ,caxton4 ,suggested ,readings1-- ,shakespeare's ,henry ,,iv1 ,henry ,v1 ,henry ,,vi1 ,richard ,,iii4 ,stevenson's ,black ,arrow4 ,rossetti's ,the ,king's ,tragedy4 ,de ,quincey's ,joan of ,arc4 ,,vii ,,the ,,tudors ,papers1-- #a4 ,henry ,,vii4 ,perkin ,warbeck4 ,sebastian ,cabot4 ,dean ,colet4 ,erasmus4 #b4 ,henry ,,viii4 ,his ,wives1 ,field of ,cloth of ,gold4 ,quarrel with the ,pope1 ,more's ,utopia4 ,tyndal's ,new ,testament4 #c4 ,edward ,,vi4 ,book of ,common ,prayer4 ,boys' ,schools in ,england4 #d4 ,mary4 ,philip of ,spain4 ,archbishop ,cranmer4 ,suggested ,readings1-- ,more's ,utopia4 ,shakespeare's ,henry ,,viii4 ,scott's ,marmion4 ,tennyson's ,queen ,mary4 ,,viii ,,elizabeth1 ,,the ,,greatest ,,tudor ,papers1-- #a4 ,lady ,jane ,grey1 and ,mary1 ,queen of ,scots4 #b4 ,foreign ,relations4 ,the ,armada1 ,holland4 #c4 ,the ,stage4 ,shakespeare1 ,marlowe1 ,ben ,jonson4 #d4 ,literature4 ,lyly1 ,spenser1 ,bacon4 #e4 ,the ,adventurers4 ,raleigh1 ,drake1 ,frobisher1 ,sir ,philip ,sidney4 ,suggested ,readings1-- ,chas4 ,kingsley's ,westward ,ho6 ,scott's ,kenilworth4 ,sidney's ,defense of ,poesie4 ,spenser's ,faerie ,queene4 ,bacon's ,essays4 ,,ix ,,james ,i ,,and ,,charles ,i ,papers1-- #a4 ,james ,i1 ,the ,man4 ,birth1 character1 pedantry4 ,the ,king ,james ,version of the ,bible4 #b4 ,the ,gunpowder ,plot4 #c4 ,england and the ,new ,world4 ,landing of the ,pilgrims4 ,raleigh's ,expeditions1 etc4 #d4 ,charles ,i4 ,divine ,right of ,kings and ,parliament4 ,lane1 ,hampden1 ,pym4 #e4 ,milton4 ,suggested ,readings1-- ,scott's ,fortunes of ,nigel4 ,milton's ,l',allegro4 ,hobbes' ,leviathan4 ,longfellow's ,miles ,standish4 ,x ,,the ,,commonwealth ,papers1-- #a4 ,oliver ,cromwell and ,puritanism4 #b4 ,ireland and ,its ,problems4 ,home ,rule4 #c4 ,blake and the ,english ,navy4 #d4 ,the ,women of the ,civil ,war4 7,see ,traill's ,social ,england1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 p4 #cae47 ,suggested ,readings1-- ,carlyle's ,cromwell4 ,evelyn's ,diary4 ,shorthouse's ,john ,inglesant4 ,browning's ,strafford4 ,,xi ,,the ,,restoration ,papers1-- #a4 ,charles ,,ii4 ,character1 ,continental ,experiences4 ,general ,monk1 ,the ,triple ,alliance4 ,the ,plague and the ,fire4 #b4 ,science4 ,newton4 ,the ,royal ,society4 #c4 ,literature and the ,stage4 ,milton's ,epic4 ,dryden4 ,bunyan4 ,the ,dramatists4 #d4 ,james ,,ii4 ,the ,bloody ,circuit4 ,siege of ,londonderry4 ,coming of ,william of ,orange4 ,the ,battle of the ,boyne4 ,suggested ,readings1-- ,bunyan's ,pilgrim's ,progress4 ,pepys' ,diary4 ,evelyn's ,diary4 ,dryden's ,annus ,mirabilis4 ,defoe's ,history of the ,great ,plague4 ,scott's ,peveril of the ,peak4 ,blackmore's ,lorna ,doone4 ,conan ,doyle's ,micah ,clarke4 ,,xii ,,the ,,revolution1 ,,and ,,events ,,to ,,george ,,iii ,papers1-- #a4 ,william and ,mary4 ,bill of ,rights4 ,bank of ,england4 #b4 ,anne4 ,marlborough4 ,politics in ,england4 ,union of ,scotland1 ,ireland and ,wales with ,england4 ,the young ,pretender4 ,the ,pamphleteers4 #c4 ,george ,i and ,george ,,ii4 ,sir ,robert ,walpole4 ,jacobin plots4 ,south ,sea ,company4 ,methodists4 ,clive in ,india4 ,french and ,english in ,america4 #d4 ,literature4 ,addison and ,steele4 ,swift4 ,defoe4 ,johnson4 ,suggested ,readings1-- ,thackeray's ,henry ,esmond4 ,scott's ,waverley4 ,southey's ,battle of ,blenheim4 ,addison's ,sir ,roger de ,coverley4 ,defoe's ,robinson ,crusoe4 ,johnson's ,rasselas4 ,,xiii ,,george ,,iii ,papers1-- #a4 ,the ,industrial ,revolution4 ,wedgewood1 ,hargreaves1 ,watt4 ,arkwright4 ,adam ,smith's ,wealth of ,nations4 #b4 ,the ,american ,revolution4 ,the ,parliamentary ,leaders4 #c4 ,the ,french ,revolution4 ,burke's ,reflections4 ,the ,war in ,spain4 ,wellington and ,waterloo4 ,nelson 7,lady ,hamilton74 #d4 ,england and the ,slave ,trade4 ,william ,wilberforce4 #e4 ,art of the ,period4 ,painting4 ,gainsborough4 ,reynolds4 ,romney4 ,furniture4 ,hepplewhite4 ,chippendale4 ,sheraton4 ,the ,adams brothers4 ,suggested ,readings1-- ,hugo's ,les ,miserables 7,battle of ,waterloo74 ,dickens' ,a ,tale of ,two ,cities4 ,campbell's ,ye ,mariners of ,england4 ,wolfe's ,burial of ,sir ,john ,more4 ,the ,junius ,letters4 ,macaulay's ,warren ,hastings4 ,wilkes' ,north ,briton1 ,no4 #de4 ,thackeray's ,four ,georges4 ,,xiv ,,the ,,victorian ,,age 7,a7 ,papers1-- #a4 ,victoria1 ,the ,woman and the ,queen4 ,personality1 husband1 children1 homes4 #b4 ,victoria's ,prime ,ministers and their ,policies4 ,palmerston1 ,gladstone1 ,disraeli4 ,the ,period of ,reform4 ,free ,trade4 #c4 ,victorian ,wars4 ,opium ,war in ,china4 ,afghanistan4 ,crimea4 ,sepoy ,mutiny4 ,khartoum and ,chinese ,gordon4 ,boer ,war4 #d4 ,the ,british ,empire4 ,australia4 ,new ,zealand 7,democracy74 ,south ,africa4 ,canada4 ,suggested ,readings1-- ,victoria's ,leaves from the ,journal of ,our ,life in the ,highlands4 ,disraeli's ,lothair and ,coningsby4 ,morley's ,life of ,gladstone4 ,tennyson's ,charge of the ,light ,brigade4 ,kipling's ,barrack ,room ,ballads4 ,,xv ,,the ,,victorian ,,age 7,b7 ,papers1-- #a4 ,the ,growth of ,democracy4 #b4 ,industry and ,invention4 #c4 ,science4 ,tyndall1 ,huxley1 ,darwin1 ,spencer4 #d4 ,literature4 ,poets1 ,novelists1 ,essayists1 ,historians1 ,dramatists4 #e4 ,art4 ,painting1 ,sculpture1 ,architecture4 ,decorative ,art 7,william ,morris74 ,suggested ,readings1-- ,lecky's ,democracy4 ,huxley's ,lay ,sermons4 ,darwin's ,origin of ,species4 ,add ,selections from the ,victorian poets and novelists4 ,,xvi ,,the ,,england ,,of ,,to-,,day ,papers1-- #a4 ,edward ,,vii and ,george ,v4 ,as men1 monarchs2 their ,queens4 #b4 ,lloyd-,george and ,asquith4 ,welsh ,disestablishment4 ,education ,bill4 ,the ,ulster ,question4 #c4 ,woman ,suffrage in ,england4 ,both ,points of ,view4 ,english laws regarding women4 #d4 ,the ,european ,war of #aiad4 ,modern war weapons and devices4 #e4 ,novelists1 poets and playwrights of to-day in ,england4 7,see ,english literature47 ,general ,references4 ,encyclopaedia ,britannica and its year books1 and bibliographies4 ,for literature1 ,halleck's ,english literature 7,american ,book ,co474 ,for ,history1 ,a ,short ,history of ,england1 by ,e4 ,p4 ,cheyney 7,ginn ,co474 ,for books not in your town library1 write the ,state ,librarian at your ,state ,capital4 ,,chapter ,,xxiv ,a ,,model ,,constitution ,the following outline of a ,constitution is given1 to be followed by clubs according to their need4 ,,constitution ,,article ,i ,name ,this ,club shall be called ,the ,woman's ,club4 ,,article ,,ii ,objects ,the objects of this ,club shall be to study history1 sociology1 civics1 art1 music and any other subjects chosen1 to improve our locality and to promote sociability among the members4 ,,article ,,iii ,membership ,section #a4 ,the membership shall consist of not more than fifty women4 ,section #b4 ,names of candidates for membership1 having been nominated and seconded at a regular meeting1 shall be submitted to the ,membership ,committee and1 upon a favorable report1 shall be elected1 upon receiving a majority of the votes of the members present4 ,section #c4 ,any member who has been absent from three consecutive meetings without excuse1 may be dropped from the roll by a vote of the majority present at a regular meeting4 ,section #d4 ,the dues shall be one dollar a year payable in advance at the first regular meeting in the autumn4 ,any member having dues unpaid for six months may be dropped from the roll by a vote of the majority present at a regular meeting4 ,,article ,,iv ,meetings ,section #a4 ,the ,club shall meet regularly on the second ,tuesday afternoon of each month from ,september to ,june inclusive at places designated by the ,place ,committee4 ,section #b4 ,the ,may meeting shall be the ,annual ,meeting for hearing reports from all officers and ,standing ,committees and for electing the same4 ,section #c4 ,any regular meeting may be postponed by the ,president with the concurrence of the ,vice ,president and ,secretary4 ,section #d4 ,special meetings may be called at any time by the ,president with the concurrence of the ,vice ,president and ,secretary4 ,,article ,v ,officers ,section #a4 ,the officers shall be a ,president1 ,vice ,president1 ,secretary and ,treasurer1 their duties being such as are customary for such officers4 ,section #b4 ,the officers shall be elected by ballot at the ,may meeting each year4 ,they shall hold office until their successors are elected4 ,,article ,,vi ,committees ,section #a4 ,the ,standing ,committees of five each shall be elected annually by ballot at the ,may meeting2 they shall be as follows3 ,membership1 ,program1 ,place and ,hospitality4 ,section #b4 ,the ,membership ,committee shall consider all names nominated for membership and report to the ,club4 ,section #c4 ,the ,program ,committee shall have charge of the arrangement of the program of each regular meeting and also of a year book to be issued to the members at the ,june meeting4 ,section #d4 ,the ,place ,committee shall arrange the location of the meetings of the ,club and make announcement at least one meeting in advance4 ,section #e4 ,the ,hospitality ,committee shall attend to the social life of the ,club4 ,section #f4 ,a ,nominating ,committee shall be appointed by the ,president at the ,april meeting to report nominations of officers and committees at the ,may meeting4 ,,article ,,vii ,order of ,business ,the order of business at the regular meetings shall be3 ,call to ,order1 ,secretary's ,report1 ,reports of ,committees1 ,business1 ,program4 ,,article ,,viii ,amendments ,the ,constitution may be amended at any meeting of the ,club1 by a two-thirds vote of the members present1 notice of amendments proposed having been given at the preceding meeting of the ,club4 ,,chapter ,,xxv ,,rules ,,of ,,order ,,for ,,clubs ,an important element in club life is the training it gives in the management of business in committees and public meetings4 ,it is indispensable that every club should learn how to work under regular rules4 ,jefferson said that they secure accuracy in business1 economy in time1 order1 uniformity and impartiality4 ,i--,,book ,,of ,,rules ,as a guide1 every club should possess a copy of some accepted book of order1 to which to refer in cases of difference of opinion as to proper procedure1 and the law of the book should be received as final4 ,officers and members should familiarize themselves thoroughly with the details of such a manual4 ,parliamentary ,usage for ,woman's ,clubs by ,emma ,a4 ,fox 7,doubleday1 ,page7 is satisfactory and up to date4 ,,ii--,,organizing ,a small preliminary difficulty to some is how to organize an as yet unorganized club4 ,the first step is for any one present to rise and nominate some body for temporary chairman1 and when this is seconded1 to ask those in favor of the person named to say aye and the opposed no and to turn over the meeting then to the person named4 ,as it is only a temporary office there is not likely to be any negative vote4 ,,iii--,,voting ,persons unfamiliar with club methods sometimes are puzzled as to ways of voting4 ,there are several4 ,the simplest is for the ,president to put a motion by saying ,will those in favor of the motion say aye1 and later1 ,will those opposed say no4 ,then she judges which of the two classes is most numerous4 ,if she cannot decide1 she may ask to have the vote repeated by raising the hand or by rising1 in which case she puts the motion as before1 asking those who favor the motion to raise the right hand or to rise4 ,after having the ,secretary or tellers count them1 she asks those opposed to do the same and has them counted4 ,in case the vote is taken by voice and a member differs from the ,president's decision as to which side prevailed1 she may request a rising vote4 ,in case of every vote the ,president should declare the result by saying either the motion is carried1 or the motion is lost4 ,the ,president herself does not vote1 except when the number of the ayes and that of the noes are even1 when she casts the deciding vote4 ,if the vote is by ballot1 tellers are appointed who distribute slips of paper upon which the members write yes or no1 and the ballots are counted by the ,secretary or the tellers1 and the result is handed in writing to the ,president who reads it aloud and declares the result4 ,in voting for new members some clubs use a box with white balls for the affirmative and black balls for the negative4 ,after being placed in the box1 these are counted by the ,secretary and the result is declared by the ,president as before4 ,,iv--,,the ,,president ,at every meeting the ,president shall have before her a written outline of the business to be considered4 ,it should be understood that the function of the presiding officer is simply to keep the meeting going in an orderly way4 ,she cannot make motions1 and ought not to make remarks on any motion4 ,if she desires to do so1 she should call upon some one else to preside temporarily4 ,v--,,motions ,the only proper way to carry on business is to have a motion before the house4 ,no subject can be discussed unless two persons agree to bring it up1 one making the motion and the other seconding it4 ,after that the ,president calls for remarks and gives the floor to one person1 calling her name4 ,while she has the floor she is the only person entitled to speak4 ,interruptions1 remarks or questions are out of order1 unless with the speaker's permission1 which should be asked for only through the ,president4 ,much disorder is caused by two or more persons trying to speak at the same time1 and it is the duty of the ,president to prevent this by rapping with her gavel 7if this should be necessary7 and saying ,will the club please come to order4 ,,vi--,,speaking ,it is considered bad form for any one person to speak twice on the same motion4 ,it is supposed that when the speaker has the floor she will say what she has to say and then give way to others4 ,but if a member wishes to speak a second time on a subject1 because some new phase of it may have come up in remarks made after her first speaking1 she should ask the ,president if she may be allowed to speak again1 and1 if no one objects1 it is proper for her to do so4 ,the value of such rules is that they prevent the discussion from becoming a mere general conversation4 ,also they train speakers to get their ideas well in hand before speaking and to be brief4 ,,vii--,,closing ,,debate ,sometimes a discussion threatens to run on interminably1 and in that case there are ways by which the club can limit it4 ,this may be done by setting an hour at which the debate shall close and the motion be put4 ,when that time arrives the person speaking must be interrupted by the ,president and the vote taken4 ,in such cases it is sometimes voted that each speaker shall be limited say to five minutes1 and when the five minutes are up the ,president must interrupt the speaker and give the floor to the next one4 ,or debate may be ended by somebody moving the previous question1 and if this is seconded1 the ,president1 without permitting any discussion whatever1 must put it to vote1 and if two-thirds favor the previous question that means that the original motion must now be put without any further remarks4 ,still another way of ending a debate is to move to lay the motion under discussion on the table4 ,if this is seconded1 it must be put by the ,president without allowing any discussion4 ,if the majority vote to lay the matter on the table1 that means that consideration of it is postponed to some future meeting4 ,if no one at a later meeting moves to have it taken from the table1 it remains there indefinitely1 which means that it is practically dead4 ,still another way to end a debate is to move to adjourn4 ,this is always in order and takes precedence of every other motion1 and1 if carried1 ends the session4 ,the business left unfinished must be taken up at the next meeting4 ,the ,president should familiarize herself thoroughly with the rules of order and be able to decide on the moment which motions take precedence of others4 ,,viii--,,appeals ,a ,president may take a position sometimes1 in controlling the meeting1 which seems unwise or unfair to some4 ,in that case it is always in order for one of those differing with her to say ,i move an appeal to the club1 and if another says ,i second the appeal1 the ,president is bound to put the motion saying ,those in favor of the appeal will say aye2 and then ,those opposed will say no1 and if the ayes have it the ,president's decision is reversed and she must abide by the action of the club without remark4 ,,ix--,,committees ,in organizations that have much business to transact1 it is customary to turn over many of its details to committees1 regular or special4 ,it is their duty to confer on these matters1 to ask the opinions of other members privately if they are so inclined and having digested the business in point thoroughly to present a definite report upon it at a meeting of the club4 ,if the committee has the full confidence of the club1 its report is likely to be accepted without any1 or at least much1 debate and so time is saved in the club meetings4 ,in meetings of committees the ,chairman occupies the same position as the ,president in the larger club meetings and the committee business may be carried on in the same orderly manner4 ,however1 most committee meetings are likely to be more like a conference or informal conversation and strict rules of order are often a hindrance rather than a help under such circumstances4 ,but1 in any case1 when the members of the committee have discussed the subject as fully as they wish1 the result should be carried out by a formal motion1 seconded and carried by vote4 ,to save controversy it is best to have this final motion put into writing4 ,it then becomes the report of the committee to the club4 ,x--,,elections ,in an election of officers and committees it is usual to have a ,nominating ,committee bring in a complete slate or list of nominations4 ,to save time1 frequently some one moves that the ,secretary cast a ballot for the persons named4 ,if this is seconded and unanimously carried1 the ,secretary takes the slate just read1 and laying it on the table says ,i hereby cast a ballot for the persons nominated4 ,but if one person dissents from this motion1 ballots must be passed and the vote taken with them4 ,the nominations made by a ,nominating ,committee1 it should be understood always1 do not exclude any member of the club 7when seconded1 of course7 from making other nominations if she wishes1 and opportunity should be given to do so4 ,in case two or more nominations are made for any office1 voting must be by ballot4 ,,xi--,,executive ,,session ,sometimes a matter may come up to which it is not wise to give publicity4 ,in that case by motion the club may go into executive session1 which means that all persons not members of the club should retire from the room 7unless exceptions are made by special vote7 and then the club business is carried on in secret4 ,it is supposed to be a point of honor that no member of the club should give out information concerning anything said or done in executive session4 ,to persons unused to orderly business in assemblies1 such rules as have been described may seem at first to be unnecessary and an annoying limitation on freedom of speech4 ,but really they are not so4 ,they tend to prevent excited controversy1 secure justice to everybody in the end1 and assist in getting the business of a club done4 ,,the ,,end ,,index ,africa1 ,islands of1 #dc ,america ,central1 #ajd ,costa ,rica1 #ajg ,guatemala1 #ajf ,honduras1 #ajg ,nicaragua1 #ajg ,salvador1 #ajg ,latin1 #aaf ,north ,books1 ,famous1 #id ,colonies1 #ad ,government1 #bdd ,nature ,writers1 #ajb ,songs1 #gb ,south1 #aji ,argentina1 #aaa ,bolivia1 #aac ,brazil1 #aae ,chili1 #aad ,colombia1 #aad ,ecuador1 #aac ,peru1 #aab ,venezuela1 #aad ,amundsen1 #afh ,andersen1 ,hans ,christian1 #bbj ,anne1 ,queen ,age of1 #ahg ,literature1 #aia ,marlboroughs1 ,the1 #ahh ,novel1 ,rise of the ,english1 #aib ,queen1 ,the1 and ,her ,court1 #ahh ,wars under1 #ahi ,appeals in ,club ,meetings1 #bia ,architecture ,british1 #hg ,buildings1 ,famous1 #gf ,egyptian1 #agg ,german1 #ha ,greek1 #gh ,michelangelo1 #bah ,moorish1 #hc ,notre ,dame1 #hf ,roman1 #gi ,russian1 #he ,saint ,sophia1 #hb ,taj ,mahal1 #hi ,wren1 #bab ,argentina1 #aaa ,arnold1 ,thomas1 #bbb ,art1 ,madonna in1 #bej ,arthur and the ,round ,table1 #bfa ,artists1 #bbd ,audubon1 #bba ,authors1 see ,writers ,azores1 #ea ,bermuda1 #ea ,birds1 #bea ,bolivia1 #aac ,books ,famous1 #ia ,french1 ,german1 ,russian1 ,spanish1 #ia ,english and ,american1 #id ,booth1 ,william1 #afa ,borneo1 #df ,brahms1 #bba ,brazil1 #aae ,bronte1 ,charlotte1 #bbj ,browning1 ,elizabeth ,barrett1 #bah ,robert1 #bba ,burns1 #bdi ,canal1 ,panama1 #ajh ,carolina1 ,north and ,south1 ,colonies1 #ah ,celtic ,england1 #aca1 #bfd ,central ,america1 #ajd ,children ,home1 in the1 #bei ,labor of1 #ij1 #aea ,mother and ,daughter1 #bei ,physical ,side of1 #bfc ,chili1 #aad ,christmas1 #bad1 #bfj ,clothing1 #fj ,colleges ,north ,american ,colonies1 in1 #aif ,postgraduate ,work1 #bjh ,universities1 and1 #bjf ,women's1 #bjg ,colombia1 #aad ,colonies ,colleges in1 #aif ,colonial ,meeting1 #bfa ,north ,american1 #ad ,committees1 ,club1 #bia ,community ,improvement1 #f ,country1 in the1 #abd ,subjects to ,investigate1 #g ,composers1 see ,musicians ,conservation1 #bci ,constitution1 ,model1 for ,clubs1 #bhj ,cooking1 #eg ,costa ,rica1 #ajg ,cromwell1 #acd1 #bgb ,dante1 #bba ,debate in ,clubs1 ,closing1 #bhi ,delaware1 ,colony1 #bd ,dickens1 #baf ,divorce and ,marriage1 #ie ,domestic ,science1 #ed1 #bbf1 #bcj ,drama1 ,writers of ,browning1 #bba ,goldsmith1 #bac ,moliere1 #bae ,schiller1 #bac ,sheridan1 #bab ,druid ,england1 #aca1 #bfd ,economy ,false1 #fc ,waste and1 #fa ,ecuador1 #aac ,edison1 #afd ,education ,colleges ,colonial1 #ajf ,postgraduate ,work1 #bjh ,universities and1 #bjf ,women's1 #bjg ,meeting on1 #bee ,schools ,high1 #bjb ,kindergartens1 #aih ,public1 #bjj ,country1 in the1 #abf ,private1 #bjd ,special1 #bjc ,system1 ,our1 #aie ,england ,architecture1 #hg ,books1 ,famous1 #id ,history1 #aca ,cromwell1 #acd1 #bgb ,druids1 ,celts1 ,romans1 ,saxons1 #aca1 #bfe ,georges1 #acf1 #bge ,norman and ,plantagenet1 #acb1 #bff ,present1 #acg1 #bgh ,stuarts1 #acd1 #bga1 #bgb ,tudors1 #acc1 #baj1 #bfi ,victoria1 #acf1 #bgf1 #bgg ,islands of1 #db ,london1 #bej ,songs of1 #gj ,year ,book on1 #bfd ,commonwealth1 #bgb ,country and ,races1 #bfd ,edward ,,iii1 #bfh ,elizabeth1 #bgj ,george ,,iii1 #bge ,henry ,,iii and ,two ,edwards1 #bfg ,james ,i and ,charles ,i1 #bga ,normans and ,angevins1 #bff ,restoration1 ,the1 #bgb ,revolution1 ,the1 #bgc ,richard ,,ii and ,,iii1 #bfh ,roman and ,early1 #bfe ,to-day1 #bgh ,tudors1 #bfi ,victoria1 #bgf1 #bgg ,egypt1 ,architecture1 #gg ,elections1 ,club1 ,rules for1 #bib ,eliot1 ,george1 #bac ,elizabeth1 ,queen1 #acd1 #baa1 #bgj ,executive ,session1 in ,clubs1 #bic ,fiction1 see ,novel ,field1 ,eugene1 #baj ,food1 ,economy in1 #ef ,france ,books1 ,famous of1 #ia ,songs of1 #gj ,franz1 ,songs of1 #fh ,georges1 ,the ,four1 #acf1 #bgc1 #bge ,georgia1 ,colony1 #ai ,germany ,architecture1 #ha ,books1 ,famous1 #ia ,songs1 #fg ,goethals1 #agj ,goldsmith1 #bac ,gounod1 #bbb ,great ,men of ,our ,time1 #aeh ,amundsen1 #afh ,booth1 ,william1 #afa ,edison1 #afd ,goethals1 #agj ,james1 ,william1 #afj ,kelvin1 #afg ,morgan1 ,j4 ,pierpont1 #afe ,peary1 #afh ,rodin1 #aeh ,rostand1 #aei ,toynbee1 #afb and ,women ,andersen1 ,hans ,christian1 #bbj ,arnold1 ,thomas1 #bbb ,audubon1 #bba ,brahms1 #bba ,bronte1 ,charlotte1 #bbj ,browning1 ,elizabeth ,barrett1 #bah ,robert1 #bba ,dante1 #bba ,dvorak1 #baj ,eliot1 ,george1 #bac ,elizabeth1 ,queen1 #baj ,field1 ,eugene1 #baj ,goldsmith1 #bac ,gounod1 #bbb ,hale1 ,nathan1 #bbb ,hardy1 ,thomas1 #bbb ,howells1 #bah ,joan of ,arc1 #bae ,lamb1 #baf ,lafayette1 #baj ,luther1 #bac ,mendelssohn1 #baf ,michelangelo1 #bah ,moliere1 #bae ,mozart1 #bae ,murillo1 #bbj ,schiller1 #bac ,schumann1 #bbb ,sevigne1 #baf ,sheridan1 #bab ,tennyson1 #bae ,verdi1 #bab ,wordsworth1 #bbj ,greece ,architecture1 #gh ,islands1 #ci ,grieg1 ,songs of1 #fh ,guatemala1 #ajf ,hale1 ,nathan1 #bbb ,hardy1 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