,illu/ration3 ,c4 ,p4 ,,bailey1  ,"o ( !
 f\nd]s ( ! ,angora ,goat ,indu/ry 9    
,am]ica4         ,practical     ,angora 
,goat ,rais+      ,c4 ,p4 ,,bailey      
,,sons ,,company     ,,san ,,jose1      
,,cali=nia     #aije4     ,,preface4    
,= sev]al ye>s beg9n]s 9 ! ,angora goat 
indu/ry 7 )\t text books1 & ev5 to-day  
!re are v few practical treatises4 ,f   
our =ty ye>s ( exp]i5ce 9 f>m+ ,angoras1
 & f ! p]sonal obs]vations ( our ,dr4   
,w4 ,c4 ,bailey1 :ile 9 ! int]ior (     
,asia ,m9or1 we h tri$ to select !      
ess5tial po9ts 9 ! successful managem5t 
( ,angora flocks1 & to pres5t ^! po9ts s
 t !y may be us$4  ,we h giv5 a brief   
outl9e ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,angora goat1 b we
 h devot$ sev]al pages to consid]ation (
 detail 9 bre$+ & kidd+4 ,x has be5 our 
aim to make ?is a practical text book = 
! beg9n] 9 ! ,angora indu/ry1 & if x    
proves ( value to him1 x has fulfill$   
its mission4      ,! ,au?ors4           
,,orig9 ,,& ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,angora   
,,goat4   ,z to ! orig9 & e>ly hi/ory ( 

! ,angora goat little is kn[n4 ,x is    
suppos$ t ! ,angora v>iety desc5d$ f "o 
( ! classes ( wild goats1 & diff]5t     
writ]s h cont5d$ t diff]5t g5]a 7 !     
f\ndation ( ! ,angora species4 ,!y h    
bas$ ^! claims ^u ! *>act]i/ics ( !     
horns1 ! cov]+ ( ! body1 %ape & size ( !
 animal1 & v>i\s o!r details4 ,sev]al   
agree t ,capra ,a,egagrus is ! class (  
goat f :i* ! ,angora species has        
develop$4   ,,kn[n ,,facts4  ,pres5t    
hi/ory traces ! ,angora goat to !       
vilayet ( ,angora1 9 ,asia ,m9or1 & to !
 c\ntry imm$iately surr\nd+ ?is vilayet4
 ,"s h set a date ov] two ?\s& ye>s ago1
 claim+ t ! ,angora goat 0 introduc$    
into ,asia ,m9or at t "t1 b ! only      
au!ntic hi/ory is t giv5 by ,t\rne=t1 a 
,fr5* naturali/1 employ$ by 8 gov]nm5t1 
:o explor$ ,asia ,m9or ab\t two hundr$ &
 fifty ye>s ago1 & :o describ$ & pictur$
 ! ,angora goat ab\t z he appe>s to-day 
& by ,evliya ,eff5di1 a ,turk1 :o wrote 
9 #aeej ( ! goats1 & by a few o!r       
writ]s4 ,t !y h n *ang$ m is due to !   

fact t ! ,turk is q cont5t z he is1 & he
 has no ambition to bre$ a diff]5t goat 
f :at he has _h = at lea/ ! pa/ ?ree    
c5turies4   ,,asia ,,m9or4  ,be=e we    
consid] ! migrations ( ! ,angora goat1  
we w inve/igate ! physical conditions ( 
_! native prov9ce4 ,! int]ior ( ,asia   
,m9or1 or ! ,angora goat c\ntry1 is f "o
 to f\r ?\s& feet above ! sea level4    
,l[1 roll+ hills & broad pla9s1 treeless
 & almo/ wat]less2 dry1 hot & desolate 9
 ! summ]1 & cov]$ ) m or less sn[ 9 !   
w9t]1 =m ! habitat ( ! ,angora4 ,a small
 f9e fib]$ sage bru% is ! pr9cipal diet 
( ! goat1 bo? summ] & w9t]1 b 9 ! spr+  
?is diet is supplem5t$ ) we$s & "s      
grass1 & 9 ! summ] "s ( ! goats are     
driv5 to ! high] m\nta9s1 :]e !re are "s
 scrub p9es & o!r v>ieties ( bru%4 ,!re 
is no w9t] fe$+4 ,! goats make _! own   
liv+ on ! tops ( ! sage bru%1 :i*       
protrude ?r\gh ! sn[4  ,! indol5t ,turks
 d make "s provision = ! %elt] (        
!mselves & ! goats 9 ! w9t]4 ,if a cave 
c be f\nd x is divid$ s t ! goats %>e ! 

qu>t]s ) ! humans4 ,sometimes an adobe  
h\se is s arrang$ t ! goats & o!r       
live/ock occupy ! l[] "p ( ! h\se & !   
natives ! upp] "p1 or if !re be b "o    
floor1 a l[ f5ce is run across to keep !
 live/ock out ( ! liv+ qu>t]s4 ,great   
greyi%-:ite wolfi% look+ dogs1 we>+     
=midable coll>s ( %>p5$ spikes g ) !    
%eph]ds dur+ ! day & wat* ! flocks dur+ 
! night4 ,!y are us$ z a means (        
protection f ?ieves1 & n z an aid 9     
h]d+4 ,! flocks camp ar\nd ! cave or    
hut1 & are n conf9$ 9 corrals4 ,f5ces   
are almo/ unkn[n 9 ! ,angora c\ntry4    
,!re are probably f\r or five million   
,angora goats 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,mu* ( !   
c5tral plateau region ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
is v simil> to ! ,angora region (       
,turkey4 ,a peculi> fact is t ! mohair  
produc$ 9 ! diff]5t sections ( ,asia    
,m9or v>ies a little1 & ! mohair m]*ants
 ( ,con/ant9ople readily recognize an   
appreciable diff]5ce 9 its m>ket value4 
,ev5 ! small] m]*ants 9 ! c\ntry        
recognize a diff]5ce 9 ! mohair gr[n )9 

a few miles ( _! t[n4 ,"s try to expla9 
?is by a diff]5ce 9 food1 o!rs by slight
 climatic *anges1 & /ill o!rs by ! soil 
=mation4 ,"s ( ! goats f ! locality (   
,g]$eh1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,ka/am\ni1 h      
fleeces :i* are fill$ ) grease4 ,!y are 
z black & gummy z m]9o %eep4 ,?is       
mohair1 h[ev]1 sc\rs :ite4 ,! mo/       
m>ketable mohair comes f ,beibaz> &     
,eskis*ehr4 ,t ?is diff]5ce 9 ! quality 
( ! mohair is n entirely due to climate 
or food conditions is evid5c$ by ! fact 
t ,angoras tak5 f ,beibaz> to ,cali=nia 
/ill reta9 ! same qualities 9 ! mohair  
aft] f\r ye>s 9 ,cali=nia4 ,h[ev]1 x has
 be5 notic$ t diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates produce diff]5t qualities (      
mohair4  ,illu/ration3 ,,sc5e ,,9       
,,asia-,,m9or4  ,turki% own]1 8 h]d]1   
hold+ an ,angora buck kid & !           
grey-wolfi%-look+ dogs we>+ coll>s (    
%>p5$ spikes4 ,?is picture 0 tak5 on !  
range & "o c see ! f9e fib]$ sage bru%  
on :i* ! goats fe$4  ,photo tak5 by ,dr4
 ,bailey1 #aija4   ,,angora ,,goats ,,9 

,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4  ,! hi/ory ( !     
,angora goat 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates dates f  
#ahdi1 :5 ,dr4 ,james ,b4 ,davis1 (     
,columbia1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 0 pres5t$ ) n9e
 *oice animals by ! ,sultan4 ,! ,sultan 
_h reque/$ ,presid5t ,polk to s5d a man 
to ,turkey :o und]/ood ! culture (      
cotton4 ,dr4 ,davis 0 appo9t$1 & ^u 8   
return to ,am]ica ! ,sultan1 z a        
c\rtesy1 pres5t$ him ) ! goats4 ,= _m   
ye>s aft] _! arrival 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates  
^! goats 7 consid]$ ca%m]es4 ,e>ly      
reports ab\t ! fleeces & ! goats 7      
errone\s1 & _m 7 l$ to believe t !      
fleeces f ^! goats 7 wor? #h p] p\nd1 & 
t ! goats w\ld %e> f six to eight p\nds 
p] ye>4  ,dr4 ,davis did n d v well ) ! 
goats4 ,he cross$ 8 ,angora buck onto "s
 ( ! native common goats1 & sold "s ( ! 
cross-bloods & possibly "s ( ! orig9al  
importation to v>i\s p>ties1 b 9 #ahed1 
,col4 ,ri*>d ,pet]s1 ( ,atlanta1        
,georgia1 secur$ mo/ ( ! ,davis goats4  
,to ,col4 ,pet]s really belongs ! cr$it 
( keep+ ! ,angora bre$ 9 exi/5ce 9 !    

,unit$ ,/ates up to ! e>ly sixties4     
,col4 ,pet]s 0 v fond ( 8 ,angoras1 & he
 cont9u$ to own & run !m up to ! "t ( 8 
dea?4 ,he made a v cr$itable exhibit at 
! ,new ,orleans ,_w's ,fair 9 #ahhe4    
,,! ,,*5]y ,,importations4  ,w4 ,w4     
,*5]y ( ,belmont1 ne> ,bo/on1           
,massa*usetts1 is suppos$ to h made !   
next two importations 9 #ahfa4 ,no "o   
seems to "k exactly h[ _m goats ,mr4    
,*5]y import$ or :at became ( ^! lots4  
,mr4 ,?ompson quotes ! ,massa*usetts    
,pl\ghman z say+1 ,! fir/ ( ! two lots1 
consi/+ ( ?irty n9e animals1 0 %ipp$ f  
,con/ant9ople on ! #bf? ( ,m>*1 #ahfa1 &
 arriv$ at ,bo/on on ! #ae? ( ,may1     
except two animals :i* di$ on ! passage4
 ,! second lot consi/+ ( =ty "o head1   
left ,con/ant9ople on ! #f? ( ,octob]1  
#ahfa1 & arriv$ at ,bo/on on ! #be? (   
,novemb] ) ! loss ( only "o on ! voyage4
 ,9 ! :ole flock1 eighty 9 all1 !re 7   
ab\t a doz5 males1 & all ! animals w9t]$
 well4  ,x is g5]ally suppos$ t ,mr4    
,*5]y made ano!r importation 9 #ahff1 ( 

ab\t tw5ty head4  ,illu/ration3 ,,angora
 ,,goat4  ,br[n & ,diehl ,importation1  
ab\t #ahfh or #ahfi4   ,,! ,,br[n ,,&   
,,diehl ,,importation4  ,! next         
importation ( practical importance1     
al?\gh x 0 claim$ t n9e head 7 receiv$  
ab\t #ahfa1 by "o ,/iles1 0 made by     
,israel ,s4 ,diehl1 a =m] ,u4,s4 consul 
& ,c4 ,s4 ,br[n1 ( ,new>k1 ,new ,j]sey1 
ab\t #ahfh4 ,mr4 ,diehl 0 commission$ by
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates gov]nm5t to inve/igate 
! indu/ry 9 ,turkey1 & he secur$ a lot (
 ,angoras1 v>i\sly e/imat$ at f "o      
hundr$ to "o hundr$ & sixty head4 ,mr4  
,c4 ,p4 ,bailey furni%$ ! money = !     
transportation ( ^! goats to ,cali=nia4 
,he says1 ,"s 7 fairly good & "s 7 only 
ord9>y4 ,!y 7 ( m$ium size1 & ) !       
exception ( ! neck1 tol]ably well cov]$ 
) fleece1 :i* h[ev] _h a scatt]+ ( kemp 
?r\gh\t4 ,!y 7 conc$$ to be ! be/ br\ght
 to ,cali=nia up to t "t4 ,"s ( ^! bucks
 _h be5 tamp]$ ) & 7 /]ile4             
,,euti*ides ,,importation4  ,?is %ipm5t 
foll[$ ! ,br[n & ,diehl importation1 &  

consi/$ ( betwe5 "o hundr$ & fifty & two
 hundr$ animals4 ,a4 ,euti*ides1 0 a    
native ( ,turkey1 & claim$ t he _h "s   
f9e goats1 b he _h an imm5se am\nt (    
tr\ble ) 8 ,angoras1 & lo/ a good _m4   
,!y 7 held 9 ,virg9ia = "s "t1 & !n 7   
s5t to ,sacram5to1 ,cali=nia1 & 7       
aft]w>ds sold by ! express company1 at  
public auction1 at v l[ prices4 ,?is 0  
ab\t #ahgc4 ,x 0 g5]ally believ$ by old 
,cali=nia bre$]s t "s ( ! goats (f]$ at 
?is sale 7 cross-bloods ( ,cali=nia     
orig94 ,! blood ( ?is importation1      
h[ev]1 has be5 widely scatt]$ ov] !     
,pacific ,coa/4   ,,! ,,hall ,,& ,,h>ris
 ,,importation4  ,9 #ahgf1 ,john ,s4    
,h>ris1 ( ,holli/]1 ,cali=nia1 return$ f
 a p]il\s j\rney ar\nd ! _w 9 que/ ( new
 ,angoras4 ,he f\nd ! ,?ibet goats 9 !  
,himalaya ,m\nta9s1 & f9ally succe$$ 9  
gett+ "s goats at ,angora1 9 ,asia      
,m9or4 ,he secur$ two bucks & t5 does1 &
 br\ght !m safely to ,cali=nia4 ,t 0    
really ! fir/ "t an ,am]ican _h ent]$   
,asia ,m9or to /udy ! ,angora indu/ry1 z

 x 0 und]/ood ,mr4 ,diehl _h secur$     
,turks to g into ! int]ior = him4   ,,! 
,,j5ks ,,importation4  ,?is 0 a small   
importation ( ,angoras1 suppos$ to h be5
 ?ree animals1 made by ,c4 ,w4 ,j5ks (  
,bo/on1 & sold to ,col4 ,pet]s (        
,georgia4 ,!y 7 suppos$ to h come f     
,g]$eh1 9 ! int]ior ( ,asia ,m9or1 & !y 
arriv$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahhj4 ,!    
mohair f ^! goats 0 n consid]$ v good1 &
 ! importation 0 n reg>d$ z v important4
   ,,! ,,%ults ,,importation4  ,?is 0 ! 
fir/ importation made f ,s\? ,africa to 
! ,unit$ ,/ates & arriv$ 9 #ahhf4 ,!re 7
 two bucks & two does1 & !y w5t to ,f9k 
,company1 ( ,texas4 ,!re 0 a great deal 
( "q ab\t ?is importation1 & s f> z is  
kn[n x 0 ( no value to ,am]ican flocks4 
,,! ,c4 ,p4 ,,bailey  ,,sons ,,co4      
,,importations4  ,9 #ahic1 ! fir/       
importation ( ,angora goats f ,s\?      
,africa1 :i* 0 ( value to ,am]ican      
flocks1 arriv$4 ,! two bucks1 ,pa%a &   
,dick1 :i* 7 secur$ by ,c4 ,p4 ,bailey f
 ,r4 ,cawood1 7 sir$ by ! great buck    

,sam4 ,mr4 ,s*re9] says1 ,sam 0 born 9  
#ahhh1 & %e>$ z a ?ree ye> old1 at      
twelve mon? gr[?1 #ae p\nds #b ounces4  
,he 0 exhibit$ = _m ye>s at all *ief    
,agricultural %[s & 0 nev] beat5 b once1
 a judgm5t rev]s$ at a subsequ5t %[ 9 ! 
same ye>4 ,sam 0 ! mo/ fam\s goat 9 ,s\?
 ,africa2 ) spl5did weight ( fleece1 he 
comb9$ a f95ess ( fib] r>ely se5 9 an   
old ram4  ,pa%a develop$ into a great   
sire & 8 get has be5 di/ribut$ into     
ne>ly e ,/ate 9 ! ,union1 ,canada1      
,mexico & ,au/ralia4 ,)\t d\bt ,pa%a's  
blood c\rses ?r\gh ! ve9s ( m ,angoras  
?an any sire ev] import$4 ,he 0         
ackn[l$g$ by e "o to be ! be/ individual
 ev] br\ght to ,am]ica4 ,mr4 ,l&rum1 :o 
_h se5 mo/ ( ! ,angoras br\ght f ,turkey
 & :o saw ,pa%a at ,san ,jose1          
,cali=nia1 9 #ahii1 pron\nc$ him ! mo/  
p]fect goat he _h ev] se5 & a mu* bett] 
goat ?an any :i* _h ev] come to ,am]ica 
f ,turkey4 ,he b\ght "s ( ,pa%a's get = 
8 own flock4  ,illu/ration3 ,,angora    
,,buck ,,pa%a4  ,bailey ,s\? ,africa    

,importation #ahic4  ,9 #ahii1 ! buck   
,capet[n 0 import$ by ,mr4 ,bailey f    
,s\? ,africa to secure c]ta9 po9ts4     
,size & a little yolk1 toge!r ) ! cov]+1
 f95ess1 fre5ess f kemp1 r+lets &       
ev5ness 7 especially desir$4 ,capet[n   
has be5 a great sire & is /ill 9 f9e    
condition on ! ,bailey f>ms4   ,,!      
,,asia ,,m9or ,,goats4  ,9 #aija1 ,dr4  
,w4 ,c4 ,bailey1 arm$ ) an honor>y      
commission f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t (
 ,agriculture1 p]sonally visit$ e       
goat-rais+ section ( ,asia ,m9or1 & aft]
 see+ hundr$s ( ?\s&s1 & exam9+ m9utely 
hundr$s1 secur$ & succe$$ 9 export+ two 
bucks & two does4 ,! ,sultan _h pass$ an
 edict 9 #ahha1 prohibit+ ! export ( ^! 
animals1 z he hop$ to keep ! indu/ry =  
,asia ,m9or4 ,! und]tak+ 0 a haz>d\s "o1
 & ! exp$ition 0 f\ght ) _m & almo/     
insurm\ntable difficulties4 ,asia ,m9or 
is alive ) b&its1 & to hold a =eign] =  
ransom is a favorite pa/ime4 ,!n1 too1 a
 ,*ri/ian's life is n consid]$ ( mu*    
value by a ,moham$an4 ,! goats 7        

transport$ = miles on mule & camel back1
 c>ri$ across ! ,bosphorus "u a boat    
load ( hay1 disfigur$ by %e>+ & p[d]$ ) 
coal du/1 transport$ ?r\gh ! /reets (   
,con/ant9ople 9 clos$ c>riages protect$ 
f police mole/ation by ! gold5 w&1 &    
f9ally condemn$ by ! ,italian ,gov]nm5t 
because no heal? c]tificate accompani$  
!m f po9t ( %ipm5t1 b ev5tually l&$ 9   
,cali=nia 9 #aija4 ,! bucks ,beibaz> &  
,kjutiah1 & ! does ,moholit* &          
,eskis*ehr f9d ! climate ( ,cali=nia    
suit$ to _! wants4 ,^! f\r goats co/ ov]
 #e1jjj l&$ 9 ,cali=nia4  ,illu/ration3 
,,buck ,,beibaz> ,,& ,,doe ,,moholit*4  
,bailey ,asia ,m9or ,importation #aija4 
,photo tak5 by ,dr4 ,bailey on ! pla9s (
 ,asia ,m9or1 ,m>* #g1 #aija1 :ile !    
goats 7 held by a ,turki% guide4        
,beibaz> impresses 8 qualities m>k$ly on
 8 (fspr+4 ,8 get won ! ,sweep/ake      
prizes at ! ,cali=nia & ,oregon ,/ate   
,fairs 9 #aijd1 & ! *ampion%ip =        
two-ye>-old buck at ! ,_w's ,fair at ,/4
 ,l\is1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 9 #aijd4   ,,!     

,,l&rum ,,importation4  ,9 #aija1 ,wm4  
,m4 ,l&rum import$ two bucks f ,s\?     
,africa4 ,_! get has be5 q widely       
di/ribut$ 9 ,am]ica1 & has be5 (        
consid]able value4   ,,! ,,ho]le        
,,importation4  ,9 #aijd1 ,g4 ,a4 ,ho]le
 import$ ab\t "o hundr$ & ?irty head f  
,s\? ,africa4 ,a few ( ^! goats 7       
exhibit$ at ! ,/4 ,l\is ,_w's ,fair1 &  
"s ( !m h be5 di/ribut$ to ,am]ican     
bre$]s4 ,a l>ge "p ( !m are n[ 9 ,new   
,j]sey1 & j :at _! effect w be on       
,am]ican flocks rema9s to be se54       
,illu/ration3 ,,beibaz>4  ,bailey ,asia 
,m9or ,importation1 #aija4   ,,angora   
,,goats ,,9 ,,s\? ,,africa4  ,9 #ahch1  
,col4 ,h5d]son made ! fir/ importation (
 ,angora goats into ,s\? ,africa1 b :ile
 ! numb] rea*+ ! ,cape 0 f\rte51 yet    
only two prov$ to be p]fect animals1 a  
doe & h] kid4 ,! twelve bucks seem to h 
be5 tamp]$ )1 & !y w\ld n bre$4 ,mr4    
,s*re9] says3 ,b = ! fact t !re 7 sev]al
 million ,bo> goats1 ?or\ghly accu/om$  
to ! c\ntry1 to furni% innum]able ewes =

 grad+ up purposes1 ! indu/ry w\ld /ill 
h be5 9 its infancy4 ,x 0 ye>s be=e any 
m ,angoras 7 import$ into ,s\? ,africa4 
,! second importation into ,cape ,colony
 0 made by ,messrs4 ,mos5?al 9 #ahef1 & 
?irty ,angoras rea*$ _! de/9ation4 ,mr4 
,s*re9] reports t "s ( ^! goats 7 sold  
at public auction & br\ght ab\t #cej to 
#djj ea*4  ,! ?ird importation 0 made by
 ,sir ,titus ,salt1 ! ,engli%           
manufactur] ( mohair1 & arriv$ 9 ,s\?   
,africa 9 #aheg4 ,dr4 ,:ite _h *>ge ( ^!
 aft] !y rea*$ ! colony4  ,illu/ration3 
,,capet[n4  ,bailey ,s\? ,african       
,importation1 #ahii4  ,! f\r?           
importation consi/$ ( ab\t ?irty-five   
animals1 & 0 made ab\t #aheh by ,mr4 ,w4
 ,r4 ,?ompson4 ,^! 7 consid]$ v f9e     
animals1 & 7 q diff]5t f any previ\sly  
import$4  ,t5 ye>s lat] 9 #ahfh1 ano!r  
importation 0 made by ,s\? ,africa & f  
!n on to #ahhj betwe5 twelve & fifte5 m 
lots 7 secur$1 "s ( !m consi/+ ( hundr$s
 ( animals4 ,9 ! twelve ye>s1 up to     
#ahhj1 ov] ?ree ?\s& goats 7 receiv$ 9  

,s\? ,africa f ,asia ,m9or4 ,"s ( !m    
br\ght z high z #b1bjj ea*4  ,dur+ !    
next f\rte5 ye>s !re 0 a lack (         
importations into ! ,colony4 ,9 #ahid1 !
 fir/ lot ( ,am]ican ,angora goats1 six 
head1 7 secur$ f ,c4 ,p4 ,bailey ( ,san 
,jose1 ,cali=nia4 ,!y 7 sold to ! ,cape 
f>m]s by ! import]s at satisfactory     
prices1 & 9 ,june1 #ahie1 ano!r lot (   
tw5ty bucks 7 secur$ f ,mr4 ,bailey =   
#ajjj ca%4 ,^! bucks _h a h>d trip1 & %$
 _! fleece1 b !y 7 sold by ! import]    
lat]4  ,9 #ahie1 ano!r importation ( "o 
hundr$ & sixty-five head 7 secur$ by    
cons5t ( ! ,sultan f ,asia ,m9or4 ,9    
#ahif ano!r importation ( sixty-?ree    
head 7 l&$ & sold to ! ,cape f>m]s4 ,!  
highe/ pric$ buck ( ?is lot br\ght ab\t 
#a1hej1 & ! highe/ pric$ doe ab\t       
#a1jjj4 ,^! goats 7 n consid]$ extra1 ) 
! exception ( a few ( ! tops4 ,!y 7 n   
uni=m1 ! bree*es 7 bad1 bellies         
defici5tly cov]$1 & !y c>ri$ consid]able
 kemp4   ,,angoras ,,9 ,,o!r ,,c\ntries4
  ,ev5 be=e ! arrival ( ,angora goats 9 

,s\? ,africa !y _h be5 tri$ 9 ,holl&1   
,france & ,engl&4 ,au/ralia also import$
 "s 9 #ahef1 b ! indu/ry has n gr[n to  
any ext5t 9 any ( ^! c\ntries4 ,!re h   
be5 "s ,angoras export$ to ,au/ralia f  
,am]ica s9ce #aijj4 ,canada1 ,mexico1   
,alaska1 & "s ( ! ,pacific ,isl&s1 h    
small flocks ( ,angora goats at ! pres5t
 "t4 ,! />t has be5 obta9$ l>gely f     
,cali=nia4  ,illu/ration     ,,mohair4  
,t "p ( ! fleece ( ! ,angora goat1 :i*  
at a ye>'s gr[? is compos$ ( long1      
lu/r\s1 ela/ic fib]s1 is call$ ,mohair4 
,x may be m or less curl$1 b x is       
readily di/+ui%able f t "p ( ! fleece ( 
! ,angora :i* is compos$ ( %ort1 /iff   
fib]s1 kn[n z kemp4  ,! ^w mohair       
probably has its orig9 9 mod]n times1 z 
! ,turki% ^w = mohair is tiftick4 ,a    
!ory :i* is advanc$ by ,mr4 ,george     
,ga!ral ( ,con/ant9ople1 & :i* is       
t5able1 is t ! e>ly ,dut* trad]s :o     
visit$ ,angora1 f\nd ! native cl]gy we>+
 a g[n made ( mohair4 ,! ,turks call$ ! 
clo? mahr1 & x is possible t ! trad]s   

appli$ ?is ^w to ! raw mat]ial4 ,if ?is 
be s1 ! ,engli% h corrupt$ ! ^w into !  
pres5t t]m mohair4  ,! color ( mohair   
v>ies 9 diff]5t localities & on diff]5t 
individuals4 ,9 ! vilayet ( ,koniah1 9  
,asia ,m9or1 is a bre$ ( goats produc+ a
 br[ni% color$ mohair4 ,?is mat]ial is  
sold ^u ! m>ket z ,koniah mohair4 ,!    
,koniah goat1 h[ev]1 has be5 rapidly    
disappe>+1 z ! h]dsm5 f\nd t ! =eign    
dem& 0 = :ite mohair1 & !y h be5 cross+ 
! :ite ,angora bucks on ! br[n ,koniah  
does4 ,!re are /ill ov] "o hundr$ ?\s&  
p\nds ( ,koniah mohair produc$ ea* ye>4 
,9 ! ,angora flocks ( ,asia ,m9or "o    
always f9ds "s color$ goats4 ,black1    
blue1 br[n or r$1 usually ) an admixture
 ( :ite1 are ! common colors4 ,! same ?+
 may be said ( ! ,am]ican flocks (      
,angoras4 ,"o may h be5 bre$+ :ite      
,angoras = ye>s :51 )\t app>5t cause1 a 
color$ kid is dropp$4 ,!n color ( ! soil
 may give ! mohair a peculi> t+e1 b ?is 
usually sc\rs out4 ,! kemp 9 ,asia ,m9or
 is sometimes a diff]5t color f !       

mohair4 ,! kemp may be r$ or black & !  
mohair :ite4 ,:ite mohair is :at !      
manufactur] wants4 ,if he wi%es to make 
color$ goods1 he c dye :ite :atev] color
 he wi%es1 b a color$ mohair c only be  
us$ = c]ta9 color$ goods4   ,,grades ,,&
 ,,grad+ ,,( ,,mohair4  ,9 ,turkey1 aft]
 ! fleece is %orn1 ! own] packs ea*     
fleece sep>ately 9 sacks4 ,he picks out 
! tag locks1 color$ fleeces or          
objectionable mohair1 & aft] wa%+ x1 or 
mak+ x m fit = m>ket1 he packs ?is 9 a  
sack by itself4 ,e village has its      
buy]s1 usually ,greeks or ,arm5ians1 &  
!re are a few travel+ buy]s4 ,^! m5     
gradually collect ! mohair4 ,m5 :o h m  
money ?an !y ne$ put t money into       
mohair1 z mohair is always salable1 & x 
is s bulky t !re is n mu* dang] ( x be+ 
/ol54 ,!re are s _m robb]s 9 ,turkey t  
no?+ is absolutely safe4 ,"o c(fee h\se 
keep] 9 a small village s5t ab\t six    
doll>s d[n to a l>g] place1 z he 0      
afraid to keep s mu* money 9 8 h\se4 ,:5
 ! mohair is collect$ 9 ! l>g] t[ns x is

 aga9 sort$1 c>e be+ tak5 n to mix lots 
f diff]5t sections ( ! c\ntry4 ,x is !n 
=w>d$ to ,con/ant9ople ( ,ismidt1 :i* is
 on ! ,sea ( ,m>m>a1 ne> ,con/ant9ople4 
,"h exp]t sort]s g ov] ! lots aga94 ,!y 
d n break up ! fleece1 b !y collect     
fleeces :i* are ab\t ! same & f ! same  
di/rict--= in/ance1 ,beibaz>1 ,kjutiah1 
,ka/amonia1 ,eskis*ehr1 etc4 ,^! fleeces
 are !n pack$ 9 bags & m>k$ x - xx- xxx1
 or lett]$ a1 b1 ,,aa1 or numb]$ #a1 #b1
 #c1 etc4 ,! mohair is !n ready =       
exportation4 ,x c be readily se5 t a    
manufactur] :o wants a p>ticul> k9d (   
mohair c get exactly :at he wants1 if he
 kn[s ! k9d ( mohair :i* comes f !      
diff]5t di/ricts1 & ! grade ( mohair :i*
 is put up "u a c]ta9 m>k by a c]ta9    
firm4 ,he c ord] ( ,mr4 ,b4 "o hundr$   
bags ,,xx ,beibaz> mohair1 & he kn[s :at
 he is go+ to f9d :5 he op5s ! bags4    
,!re is a l>ge room 9 ,con/ant9ople :]e 
a gang ( m5 are almo/ con/antly at "w   
sort+ mohair4 ,! commission m5 h _! /ore
 rooms ar\nd ?is c5tral room2 :5 !      

sort]s f9i% ) ,mr4 ,a's lot !y comm5ce  
to sort = ,mr4 ,b4 ,?us ! same m5 sort  
all ! mohair1 & ?is insures a uni=mity (
 grade4  ,9 ,am]ica ! plan ( h&l+ is    
some:at diff]5t4 ,x w be easi] to tell  
:at %\ld be done ?an :at is done4 ,until
 ea* gr[] becomes some?+ ( an exp]t     
sort]1 or until we h c5tral depots1 :]e 
! mohair c be prop]ly grad$1 ! gr[] %\ld
 roll ! fleeces sep>ately2 !y %\ld n be 
ti$1 & put !m 9 a bag or bale4 ,he %\ld 
pick out ! tag locks1 mohair discolor$  
or clott$ ) ur9e or faeces1 ! color$    
fleeces1 burry mohair or v kempy        
fleeces1 & aft] prep>ation1 put !m 9 a  
sep>ate p>cel4 ,any k9d ( a bur or se$  
:i* /icks 9 ! mohair mu/ be pick$ out by
 h&4 ,if ! manufactur] has to d ?is1 he 
puts a price on ! mohair :i* w leave him
 pl5ty ( m>g94 ,t is1 he pays ! gr[]    
ab\t "o-half z mu* z ! mohair w\ld be   
wor? if x 7 free f ?is =eign mat]ial4   
,if ! mohair is v burry1 x has to be    
treat$ *emically1 & ?is spoils ! lu/]4  
,sometimes ! gr[] c make good wages by  

hav+ ! burs pick$ out be=e ! animals are
 %orn4 ,"o man c pick ! burs out ( f    
fifte5 to tw5ty-five animals a day1 if  
!re are n too _m burs 9 ! mohair4 ,if ! 
tag locks c be clean$ suffici5tly by    
wa%+1 !y are ( "s value2 b if n1 !y are 
h>dly wor? ! exp5se ( %ipp+4  ,! mohair 
%orn f kids %\ld be kept 9 p>cels by    
itself1 z x is usually f9] & wor? top   
prices4 ,t ( ! does1 if x diff]s f t ( !
 we!rs1 %\ld be pack$ sep>ately4 ,:5 !  
mohair is receiv$ by ! mill x is s5t to 
! sort+ room4   ,,sort+ ,,by ,,!        
,,manufactur]4  ,ea* goat's fleece is   
made up ( a v>iety ( diff]5t grades (   
mohair4 ,be=e a fleece c be spun x mu/  
be sep>at$ into ^! diff]5t grades z     
ne>ly z possible1 & ?is is done by exp]t
 sort]s1 :o select f ! raw mat]ial ab\t 
sev5 diff]5t degrees ( f95ess ( fib]4   
,!y also take into consid]ation fre5ess 
f kemp & color4 ,9 sep>at+ ! fleece mu* 
du/ is lib]at$1 & z "s mohair is liable 
to c>ry ! bacillus ( an?rax1 or o!r     
dang]\s mat]ial1 ?is du/1 if all[$ to   

circulate 9 ! air1 w\ld become a s]i\s  
m5ace to ! heal? ( ! sort]s4 ,wool      
sort]s' disease is by no means uncommon1
 & "o ( ! ,am]ican mill own]s report$ t 
8 sort]s _h su* a dread ( a =eign mohair
 :i* came pack$ 9 a di/9ctive package1 t
 he _h to /op h&l+ ?is p>ticul> lot1    
al?\gh x 0 pr(itable /uff to sp94       
,illu/ration3 ,,mohair ,,transportation 
,,9 ,,con/ant9ople1 ,,turkey4  ,photo   
tak5 by ,dr4 ,bailey4  ,to obviate ?is  
dang] z f> z possible ea* man op5s !    
fleeces on a table cov]$ ) wire scre51  
"u :i* circulates a /rong exhau/ curr5t 
( air :i* is me*anically g5]at$4 ,?us   
small =eign p>ticles & du/ 9 ! fleeces  
are drawn d[nw>d4 ,:5 ! fleece is op5$ !
 sort] selects t "p ( ! fleece :i* is   
kn[n to be ! co>se/1 i4 e41 ! bree* & a 
/rip along ! c5t] ( ! back1 & puts ?is 9
 "o lot4 ,next he selects a n>r[ /rip   
along ! side ( ! fleece1 :i* is kn[n to 
be ! f9e/ "p ( ! fleece1 & puts ?is 9   
ano!r lot4 ,n[ ! neck & ! belly are     
sep>at$ & ?r[n into _! classes4 ,if !   

:ole fleece 7 a f9e "o1 & free f kemp1 x
 w\ld be sort$ 9 ! same way1 b diff]5t  
p>ts ( ! fleece w\ld g into             
proportionately high] classes4 ,! lots  
:i* ^! sort]s make are kn[n to sp9      
comp>atively def9ite qualities ( y>n4   
,?us ! l[ bree* & ! back ( mo/ fleeces w
 n sp9 ov] ,no4 #bj to ,no4 #bd y>ns1 & 
! sides ( good fleeces are f9e 9 fib] & 
w sp9 ,no4 #dj to ,no4 #fj y>n4  ,!     
quantity ( mohair :i* "o man c sort     
v>ies consid]ably1 accord+ to ! class ( 
mohair :i* he is giv5 to "w ^u4 ,"o mill
 e/imat$ t exp]ts c sort betwe5 two &   
?ree hundr$ p\nds ( dome/ic mohair a    
day1 & t x co/s ab\t a c5t a p\nd to ?us
 sep>ate ! fleece4 ,aft] ! fleeces are  
grad$1 ! mohair is ready to be s5t to ! 
mill prop] = sc\r+ & sp9n+4   ,,sc\r+4  
,to-day ! process ( wa%+ or sc\r+ !     
fleece is done by ma*9]y4 ,! mohair is  
f$ into a ma*9e 9 :i* revolve paddles1  
:i* ?or\ghly mix ! fib] ) ! liquid 9 ?is
 ma*9e4 ,at ! opposite end f :]e x 0 f$ 
91 ! mohair is roll$ out ov] w>m roll]s1

 & x is ready to be spun4 ,x is claim$1 
& ) "s ju/ice1 t ,am]ican mohair loses  
or %r9ks ab\t #ab to #bj :ile pass+     
?r\gh ?is wa%+ ma*9e1 & t ,turki% mohair
 only %r9ks ab\t #ac4 ,?is may be due to
 ! fact t "s ( ! ,turki% hair _h be5    
wa%$ be=e x 0 %ipp$ to m>ket1 & t by    
previ\s sort+ "s ( ! dirt _h fall5 out (
 ! mohair4 ,!n1 too1 "s ( ! ,am]ican    
gr[]s are n v c>eful to keep ! fleeces  
clean4 ,/raw1 /icks1 hats1 & ev5 /ones h
 be5 f\nd 9 "s dome/ic /uff4   ,,mix+4  
,aft] ! mohair is ?or\ghly clean$ x is  
ready = sp9n+ or c>d+4 ,9 ord] to sp9 ! 
fib]s mo/ economically1 ev5ly & to ! be/
 advantage1 "s ( ! mills mix diff]5t    
qualities ( mohair ( ab\t ! same f95ess4
 ,= in/ance1 ,turki% mohair is mix$ )   
,texas & ,cali=nia /uff1 or ,oregon is  
mix$ ) ,i[a mat]ial4 ,! sp9n+ qualities 
( mohair f diff]5t sections v>ies1 & ?is
 mix+ t5ds to give uni=mity4 ,aft] !    
fib]s h be5 mix$ to suit1 ! mohair is   
run ?r\gh /raight5+ ma*9es 9 prep>ation 
= ! comb+ process4   ,,fir/ ,,or ,,noble

 ,,comb4  ,?is comb is s arrang$ t ab\t 
two & a half in*es ( ! base ( all ( !   
mohair fib]s1 & any o!r fib]s :i* may be
 mix$ ) !m1 are held1 ! ends ( ! fib]s  
:i* are long] ?an two & a half in*es1   
hang freely & are caught 9 a revolv+    
ma*9e & dragg$ loose f ! combs :i* hold 
! base ( ! fib]4 ,?us only ^? fib]s two 
& a half in*es long1 or less1 are left 9
 ! fir/ comb4 ,! long] fib]s1 or tops z 
!y are n[ call$1 to di/+ui% !m f ! noil1
 or %ort fib]s1 are collect$ & are aga9 
pass$ ?r\gh a second comb4   ,,second   
,,or ,,li/] ,,comb4  ,mu* ! same process
 z 0 gone ?r\gh ) 9 ! ,noble comb1 is   
repeat$1 except t n[ only ! ,noble top  
is comb$1 & z all ( ! fib]s1 less ?an   
two & a half in*es1 h be5 remov$ f ?is  
mohair1 ! comb is set s t any fib]s     
%ort] ?an f\r or five in*es1 %all be    
held z noil1 & only ^? fib]s :i* are    
long] ?an f\r or five in*es %all be     
includ$ 9 ! top4 ,?is comb+ complet$1 we
 h a collection ( mohair fib]s none ( !m
 less ?an ab\t five in*es 9 l5g?4 ,?is  

top is n[ ready to sp94 ,?is comb+ is   
r5d]$ necess>y by ! fact t all ( !      
mohair conta9s an admixture ( kemp1 &   
kemp _c be spun ) ! f9] grades ( mohair4
 ,9 gett+ ?is kemp out ( ! mohair _m ( !
 %ort mohair fib]s are lo/1 s t comb+ is
 an exp5sive process4 ,x co/s 9 "t1     
labor & mohair4   ,,sp9n+4  ,_m /r&s (  
?is ,li/] top are n[ drawn d[n into a   
s+le ?read4 ,?is ?read1 if ! fib]s      
compris+ x are co>se1 may h "s project+ 
ends1 :i* give x a r\gh1 unev5          
appe>ance1 & if s1 ^! ends are burn$ (f4
 ,! ?read is pass$ ?r\gh a gas flame at 
a giv5 rate ( spe$ by ma*9]y1 & !       
project+ ends are s+$4 ,?is is call$    
g5app+4 ,! y>n is n[ ready =            
manufactur+4 ,9 ,brad=d1 ,engl&1 !re are
 mills :i* only sp9 ! y>n4 ,_! trade is 
) ! manufactur]s1 bo? at home & abroad1 
& x is a kn[n fact t1 :ile ,france &    
,g]many manufacture mu* plu% & braid1 !y
 buy all ( _! y>n f ,brad=d4   ,,c>d+4  
,%ort mohair1 t is1 mohair less ?an six 
in*es long1 is n run ?r\gh combs1 z     

above describ$4 ,x is run ov] a c>d+    
:eel1 or a l>ge metal cyl9d] cov]$ )    
small brads1 :i* mix all ! mohair &     
kemp4 ,aft] pass+ ov] a numb] ( ^!      
:eels1 :i* revolve 9 diff]5t directions1
 ! mat]ial ?us c>d$ is ready to sp94    
,,noil4  ,"s ( ! noil collect$ by !     
comb+ process is compos$ ( a l>ge       
p]c5tage ( %ort mohair4 ,?is noil has a 
consid]able value & is sometimes c>d$4  
,! l[] grade noil is sold to c>pet      
manufactur]s & v>i\s us]s ( l[ grade    
/uff4 ,noil usually br+s f twelve to    
tw5ty c5ts a p\nd4   ,,uses ,,(         
,,mohair4  ,z yet mohair has be5 us$ =  
only a limit$ numb] ( ?+s4 ,its         
possibilities h n be5 develop$4 ,new    
uses = ! fib] are be+ discov]$1 & x     
seems probable t !re w be _m ?+s made ( 
mohair 9 ! future4 ,! y>n has a         
beautiful lu/] & is v durable4 ,:5      
ladies' lu/re goods are 9 fa%ion a l>ge 
am\nt ( mohair goes into ^! fabrics4    
,mu* mohair is us$ 9 dress goods & m5's 
goods4 ,!re is a /eady dem& = mohair    

plu%es & braids4  ,!re is no plu% made  
:i* w give ! s]vice1 pres5t ! lu/] &    
reta9 a /&+ pile z long z mohair4 ,"o   
may cru% ! nap ( a mohair plu% z (t5 or 
z long z he pleases1 b ! pile imm$iately
 resumes its upright position ^u be+    
releas$4 ,!n1 too1 ! du/ %akes out ( a  
mohair plu% v easily4 ,"o r>ely sees a  
du/y railroad c> seat1 al?\gh ! c\ntry  
?r\gh :i* ! c> is pass+ may be v du/y4  
,! ri* effect produc$ by a heavily      
uphol/]$ palace c> is due to ! mohair   
plu%4 ,no?+ has be5 f\nd :i* w take its 
place4 ,= furniture uphol/]+ !re is no?+
 m elegant & durable ?an mohair plu%4 ,!
 am\nt ( plu% ?us us$ is gov]n$ by      
fa%ion4 ,9 c\ntries :]e l>ge milit>y    
=ces are reta9$ !re is always a heavy   
dem& = mohair braids4 ,!re is no braid  
made :i* has ! lu/]1 comb9$ ) !         
durability1 :i* mohair braid possesses4 
,"h x may be /at$ t a co>se y>n c be us$
 9 mak+ braids1 s t :5 !re is a heavy   
dem& = braids !re %\ld be a             
proportionately high price paid = co>se 

long mohair4 ,mohair braids are always 9
 dem&1 & w cont9ue to be us$ ^u ladies' 
clo?+1 z well z = milit>y ornam5tal     
purposes4  ,! v>iety ( uses to :i*      
mohair is adapt$ is almo/ innum]able4 ,9
 ! manufacture ( hats x plays an        
important "p1 & rec5tly ! dem& = long   
fib] = ! manufacture ( wigs1 ladies'    
hair nets & o!r toilet articles has be5 
creat$4   ,,_w',s ,,supply ,,&          
,,consumption4  ,at pres5t ,asia ,m9or &
 ,s\? ,africa c be reg>d$ z ! two lead+ 
produc]s ( mohair4 ,! ,asia ,m9or       
exports v>y consid]ably1 accord+ to !   
price all[$1 & z no manufactur$ /uff is 
export$1 "o gets a fair idea ( ! am\nt  
produc$4 ,x may be broadly /at$ t !     
,asia ,m9or clip am\nts to ab\t n9e     
million p\nds annually4 ,t ( ,s\?       
,africa am\nts to ab\t t5 million p\nds1
 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates n[ produces ab\t "o  
million p\nds annually4 ,( ?is          
production a v l>ge p]c5tage ( t com+ f 
all ^! c\ntries may be reg>d$ z inf]ior 
/uff4 ,we mean by ?is1 t ! ,angora goat 

rais+ indu/ry is yet 9 its infancy1 & t 
mu* ( ! mohair produc$ is %e>$ f goats  
:i* h be5 br$ f ! common hair v>iety4   
,_m ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! fleece ( !      
common goat /ill p]si/ 9 ! mohair4  ,f !
 =ego+ e/imate ! _w's supply ( mohair   
may be /at$ z tw5ty million p\nds       
annually4 ,au/ralia is z yet produc+    
only a v small am\nt4  ,practically     
eighty-five to n9ety p] c5t4 ( ! _w's   
supply ( mohair is h&l$ 9 ,brad=d1      
,engl&4 ,ne>ly all ( ! ,s\? ,african &  
,turki% /uff is %ipp$ directly to       
,brad=d1 a small am\nt ( ! ,con/ant9ople
 export com+ to ,am]ica1 b a l>ge "p ( !
 ,am]ican import comes f ,liv]pool1     
,engl&4 ,at ,brad=d ! raw mat]ial is    
manufactur$1 "s ( ! manufactur$ /uff be+
 export$ z y>n1 b ! l>g] "p is us$ to   
produce ! f9i%$ article4 ,! rema9+ t5 or
 fifte5 p] c5t4 is manufactur$ 9 !      
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,at times ! dem& = mohair
 goods /imulates ! dem& = raw mat]ial1 &
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates has be5 kn[n to use f  
tw5ty to tw5ty-five p] c5t4 ( ! _w's    

supply4 ,to recapitulate1 ! ,unit$      
,/ates produces five p] c5t4 ( ! _w's   
annual supply ( raw mohair1 &           
manufactures f t5 to tw5ty-five p] c5t4 
( ! _w's annual production4   ,,mohair  
,,prices4  ,! price ( mohair has        
fluctuat$ ) ! caprice ( fa%ion4 ,supply 
& dem& are ! ess5tial factors 9 its     
valuation1 b dem& has be5 s influ5c$ by 
! requirem5ts ( fa%ion 9 ! pa/ t "o f9ds
 a wide range 9 price = ! raw mat]ial4  
,9 a report issu$ by ! ,brad=d ,obs]v]  
we f9d ! price rang+ f fifty c5ts a p\nd
 9 #ahef1 to eighty c5ts 9 #ahff1 n9ety 
c5ts 9 #ahgf1 & !n d[n to ?irty c5ts 9  
#ahhf & #ahif4 ,9 #aijc ! av]age price 9
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 ab\t ?irty-five c5ts 
a p\nd1 & = #aijd ab\t ?irty c5ts a     
p\nd4  ,illu/ration3 ,,ready ,,= ,,!    
,,%e>]s4  ,to-day !re is a dem& =       
mohair1 reg>dless ( fa%ion4 ,dur+ ! pa/ 
two ye>s ! price ( raw mat]ial has be5  
l[1 b !re has be5 a m>g9 ( pr(it 9 !    
indu/ry1 & consid]+ ! fact t fa%ion's   
decree has elim9at$ ! manufacture ( lu/]

 fabrics = ! pres5t1 ! mohair produc] c 
feel assur$ t !re w be a /eady m>ket = 8
 mat]ial4 ,) ! occasional good times :5 
lu/] goods are 9 dem&1 ! mohair gr[]    
%\ld d well4   ,,%e>+ ,,& ,,pack+       
,,mohair4  ,! goat %\ld be %orn be=e he 
comm5ces to %$1 z ! mohair loses its    
weight & lu/] aft] ! %$d+ process beg9s4
 ,!re are a few goats1 :i*1 "u c]ta9    
k9ds ( food & climatic conditions1 w n  
%$ _! fleeces1 b mo/ goats w %$1 & ev5  
goats :i* h c>ri$ _! fleeces ov] a ye> 9
 "o section1 may %$ if !y are mov$ a few
 miles & ! food is *ang$4 ,a class (    
non-%$d]s w\ld be v valuable1 b s f> a  
di/9ctive class ( non-%$d]s1 "u any &   
all conditions1 & :i* transmit ?is      
peculi>ity1 has n be5 id5tifi$4 ,!      
,angora goat w usually comm5ce to %$    
e>ly 9 ! spr+1 or z soon z a few w>m    
bright days come4  ,9 "s sections ( !   
c\ntry x is ?\ght advisable to %e> twice
 a ye>4 ,_m po9ts 9 favor ( ?is me?od   
are advocat$4 ,x is claim$ t ! price    
realiz$ = ! two m$ium l5g?1 or %ort     

/apl$ fleeces1 toge!r ) ! increas$ numb]
 ( p\nds %orn 9 ! two clipp+s a ye>1    
pays mu* bett] ?an ! "o long /aple      
fleece :i* c be %orn f ! same animal = a
 ye>'s gr[?4 ,!re are _m reasons bo? = &
 aga9/ %e>+ twice a ye>4 ,! mills pref] 
long mohair1 or at lea/ fib] m ?an six  
in*es 9 l5g? 7comb+ l5g?74 ,!y pay ! be/
 price = ?is class ( mohair1 & x mu/ be 
left to ! individual to decide :e!r x   
pays him be/ to %e> once or twice a ye>4
 ,at pres5t possibly "o-?ird ( !        
,angoras 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are %orn     
twice a ye>1 & ! rema9+ two-?irds only  
once4 ,9 ,asia ,m9or "o f9ds ! goat %e>]
 us+ a pair ( long blad$ scissors to cut
 ! mohair4 ,! goats are %orn 9 ! spr+1 &
 only once dur+ ! ye>4 ,! animal's feet 
are ti$1 & !n by us+ bo? h&s1 "o at ei!r
 end ( ! scissors1 ! goat is %orn4      
,rec5tly "s ,engli%man has introduc$ an 
ord9>y spr+ %eep %e>1 b mo/ ( ! natives 
pref] ! scissors4  ,to-day "o f9ds ! h& 
%e>] & ! ma*9e %e>] at "w 9 ,am]ica4 ,! 
h& %e>] %\ld use a pair ( %ort blad$    

7ab\t five in* blade7 %eep %e>s4 ,?is is
 to prev5t ! po9t ( ! %e> f cutt+       
mohair1 :i* is n int5d$ to be clipp$ ) t
 p>ticul> /roke ( ! %e>4 ,if1 = in/ance1
 ! %e>] is clipp+ ! mohair along ! sides
 ( ! animal1 & ! po9t ( ! %e> cuts "s ( 
! mohair at lea/ ?ree in*es out f !     
body1 ?is /ubble is %orn aga9 7d\ble    
cut7 :5 ! %e>] gets to ?is place1 & ?is 
?ree-in* mohair is too %ort to be ( mu* 
value4 ,x w be comb$ out at ! mill z    
noil4 ,an exp]t %e>] c clip ab\t ! same 
numb] ( range goats t he c range %eep--f
 n9ety to "o hundr$ & tw5ty a day4  ,!  
ma*9e %e> is rapidly tak+ ! place ( ! h&
 %e>4 ,x clips ! mohair close to ! sk9 &
 almo/ does away ) d\ble cutt+4 ,x      
requires less skill to %e> ) a ma*9e    
%e>1 & x does ! "w m uni=mly4 ,!re is   
also less dang] ( cutt+ ! animal4 ,!    
ma*9es d ! "w v rapidly4  ,aft] ! goat  
is %orn ! fleece %\ld be collect$ &     
roll$ into a bundle1 bump1 & plac$ 9 a  
sack or bale4 ,x %\ld n be ti$1 z ! mill
 m5 object to ! p>ticles ( /r+ :i* rema9

 9 ! mohair & disfigure ! manufactur$   
product4 ,any color$ fleeces1 discolor$ 
mohair1 or mohair conta9+ objectionable 
features1 su* z burrs1 /raw1 etc41 c be 
plac$ 9 sep>ate p>cels4 ,! kid mohair c 
be kept by itself1 & ! we!r & doe mohair
 c be sep>ately pack$4 ,! long mohair   
%\ld be kept sep>ate f %ort /uff4 ,?us  
"o grades ! mohair to "s ext5t on ! f>m1
 & he has a bett] idea ( :at ! clip %\ld
 br+4  ,if ! mohair is to be %ipp$ a    
long di/ance1 x w pay to bale ! fleeces1
 z compact bales occupy mu* less space  
?an sacks4 ,! freight rates are usually 
less ^u bal$ mohair ?an !y are ^u !     
sack$ mat]ial4 ,! co/ ( bal+ ! mohair is
 a little less ?an ! co/ ( sack+4       
,illu/ration     ,,bre$+ ,,( ,,!        
,,angora ,,goat4   ,"o c le>n v little  
ab\t bre$+ ! ,angora goat f ! ,turk4 ,z 
we "k f ,t*ika*eff's "w1 :i* 0 publi%$  
ov] fifty ye>s ago1 cold w9t]s (t5 kill$
 _m ( ! ,angoras 9 ,asia ,m9or1 & !     
,turk !n import$ f m favor$ di/ricts    
common bucks or does to bre$ to !       

,angora4 ,?is 0 be=e ! great dem& =     
mohair1 occasion$ by ! increase 9       
manufactur+ plants at ,brad=d1 ,engl&1  
caus$ ! ,turki% mohair rais]s to resort 
to all mann] ( means to increase !      
supply ( raw mat]ial4  ,to-day ! ,turk  
is tread+ 9 ! pa?s ( 8 =efa!rs4 ,:at 0  
good en\gh = !m1 c]ta9ly ought to be    
good en\gh = him1 s he reasons4 ,he eats
 ) 8 f+]s1 cooks on a brazi]1 sits on ! 
floor1 eats1 dr9ks1 sleeps & works all 9
 ! same room1 & keeps 8 wives 9         
seclusion4  ,:5 he comes to bre$+ !     
,angora he leaves t to 8 s]vants1 if he 
be weal?y en\gh to h any4 ,mo/ ( !      
bre$]s _c read or write4 ,!y h nev]     
travel$4 ,!y h no ambition1 & !y "k no?+
 ( ! pr9ciples ( selective bre$+4 ,z a  
natural consequ5ce ! ,angora goat (     
to-day has n improv$1 nor is he likely  
to improve "u ,turki% managem5t4 ,"o    
l>ge bre$] :o suppli$ bucks to "s       
tribut>y c\ntry1 said t he ?\ght t x 0 a
 %ame to ca/rate a buck1 no matt] h[ bad
 he might be4 ,! ,turk sep>ates ! bucks 

f ! does at bre$+ season1 z ,asia ,m9or 
has cold wea!r late 9 ! spr+1 & ! dang] 
( los+ kids1 if !y come too e>ly1 is    
great4 ,:5 ! bucks are turn$ ) ! flock  
!y are all[$ to run until ! next bre$+  
season1 & all ( ! bucks1 reg>dless (    
quality or quantity1 are all[$ to run ) 
! does4  ,:5 ! fir/ few ,angoras arriv$ 
9 ,am]ica ! natural proc$ure 0 to cross 
!m ^u ! common %ort-hair$ goat ( ?is    
c\ntry4 ,x 0 a new indu/ry1 & _m want$  
to try ! ,angora4 ,v sl[ly ! ,angora1 or
 ! cross-br$ animals 7 scatt]$ ov] !    
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,/ories 7 told ( !       
wond]ful ?+s = :i* ! mohair 0 us$1 & "s 
suppos$ly reliable au?orities quot$     
mohair at #h4jj a p\nd1 z has be5 /at$4 
,companies 7 />t$1 & ( c\rse ! supply ( 
good ,angoras1 t is1 goats :i* w\ld %e> 
ab\t f\r p\nds ( mohair 7wor? at t "t   
ab\t sev5ty-five c5ts or a doll> a      
p\nd71 0 limit$4 ,m5 b\ght any goat :i* 
_h a trace ( ,angora blood 9 him z a    
?or\ghbr$ ,angora4 ,a few ye>s1 h[ev]1  
demon/rat$ ! fact t a common goat1 ) a  

little admixture ( ,angora blood1 did n 
produce ei!r ! quality or ! quantity (  
fleece want$4 ,only a few ( ! m p]si/5t 
bre$]s cont9u$ ! exp]im5t & _!          
inve/igations4 ,!y s5t & w5t to ! home (
 ! ,angora1 & br\ght m ( ! orig9al      
animals to ,am]ica4 ,x took ! ,am]ican  
bre$]s ab\t ?irty ye>s to f9d out j :at 
! ,angora goat 0 & h[ he %\ld be h&l$4  
,dur+ t ?irty ye>s l>ge flocks ( common 
goats1 :i* _h be5 cross$ ) ! ,angora1 & 
:i* might be prop]ly t]m$ grade flocks1 
_h be5 =m$4 ,only a few ?or\ghbr$       
flocks1 t is1 flocks ( ! orig9al        
,angora1 z he came f ,turkey1 7 9       
exi/5ce4   ,,cross+ ,,) ,,! ,,common    
,,%ort ,,hair$ ,,goat4  ,by exp]i5ce we 
h le>n$ t ! common %ort co>se hair$ goat
 c be cross$ ) ! ,angora goat1 & t aft] 
suffici5t crosses h be5 made1 !         
cross-br$ ,angora s ne>ly resembles !   
?or\ghbr$ t = all practical purposes he 
is an ,angora4 ,we h also le>n$ t c]ta9 
k9ds ( common goats respond rapidly to !
 infusion ( ,angora blood1 & t o!rs     

reta9 c]ta9 peculi>ities ( ! common goat
 = g5]ations4 ,! ,angora w n cross )    
%eep4 ,= in/ance1 a common goat ) a long
 mane on ! back1 or tuft ( long hair    
beh9d ! =eleg1 or on ! flank or ! hip1 w
 cont9ue to p]petuate ?is long co>se    
hair on ! (fspr+ = g5]ations1 ev5 ?\gh !
 be/ ( ,angora blood be infus$4 ,! color
 ( ! common goat is ( "s importance4 ,a 
br[n or r$di% br[n goat reta9s ! r$di%  
ca/ at ! base ( ! mohair mu* long] ?an  
"o ( a blui% or blui% black color4 ,x is
 equally true t a pure :ite "m may drop 
a color$ kid occasionally4 ,9           
,con/ant9ople ! mohair is grad$ into    
p>cels conta9+ r$ kemp1 black kemp1 etc4
 ,!re x is ! kemp :i* reta9s ! color4 ,z
 has be5 /at$1 !re is also a bre$ ( br[n
 ,angora goats1 or at lea/              
mohair-produc+ goats1 9 ,koniah 9 ,asia 
,m9or4 ,presum+1 !n1 t "o has a suitable
 common doe & a good ,angora buck z a   
basis1 ! foll[+ may be d$uc$ z relative 
*anges 9 ! diff]5t crosses3             
,illu/ration3 ,,pa%a ,v--,a ,true       

,bre$]4  ,! fir/ cross1 or half-blood   
,angora1 w h a cov]+ ( %ort co>se common
 hair & a ?9 cov]+ ( mohair1 :i* does n 
gr[ v long4 ,if ! animal 7 to be %orn1  
possibly a half p\nd ( hair ( a v       
inf]ior grade might be yield$4 ,if ?is  
hair 7 to be (f]$ to a manufactur]1 he  
w\ld class x z noil1 & ref] x to a c>pet
 manufactur]1 :o w\ld possibly pay t5 or
 twelve c5ts a p\nd = x4 ,! sk9 ( !     
animal w be a little fluffy1 & n        
suitable = f9e goat sk9 trade4 ,x w n   
take a good poli% aft] tann+1 & x is n  
desirable = %oe lea!r4 ,x w be wor? ab\t
 half z mu* z common goat sk94 ,! meat (
 ! animal w be a little bett] ?an t ( ! 
common goat1 b x w be inf]ior to ,angora
 v5ison4 ,! animal w /ill be z prolific 
z ! common goat4 ,tw9s & triplets w be a
 common occurr5ce4 ,! kids w also be    
h>dy4 ,if "o 7 to /op at ?is /age 9     
bre$+1 he w\ld h decreas$ ! value ( !   
sk9 ( 8 goat )\t increas+ ! value ( !   
animal4  ,! second cross1 or !          
?ree-qu>t] blood ,angora1 w h a cov]+ ( 

%ort co>se common hair1 especially      
noticeable on ! back1 belly1 neck &     
hips4 ,! mohair w n[ be fairly ?ickly   
set ^u ! sides ( ! animal1 & ( m$ium    
l5g?1 ab\t sev5 in*es long = a ye>'s    
gr[?4 ,if ! animal 7 to be exam9$ by a  
novice1 he w\ld be call$ an ,angora f 8 
g5]al appe>ance4 ,if %orn1 he w yield   
ab\t "o1 or "o & a half p\nds ( hair1 & 
! mohair manufactur] w pay ab\t twelve  
or fifte5 c5ts a p\nd = ! mat]ial4 ,!   
sk9 is valueless = rug1 robe or trimm+  
purposes1 because ( ! co>se back & !    
scanty cov]+ ( mohair4 ,x is fit = glove
 lea!r aft] tann+1 b its value = ?is    
purpose is less ?an t ( ! common goat4  
,! meat is m l ,angora v5ison1 & c be   
sold on ! m>ket z mutton4 ,! animal is  
/ill prolific4 ,f ! second cross on1 !  
grade goat rapidly assumes ! *>act]i/ic 
( ! ,angora goat1 b if = any reason poor
 bucks are us$ 7an occasional animal )\t
 app>5t reason retrogrades71 ! animal z 
rapidly resumes ! *>act]i/ic ( ! common 
goat4 ,q a p]c5tage ( color$ kids w be  

dropp$ by does :i* are !mselves :ite4   
,! ?ird cross1 or sev5-eigh?s blood     
,angora1 w /ill h ! co>se back1 a       
p>tially b>e belly1 co>se hips1 & ! neck
 w be insuffici5tly cov]$4 ,! sides w be
 cov]$ ) good quality1 long /aple       
mohair1 comp>atively free f ! co>se1    
dead und]hair1 or kemp4 ,! animal w %e> 
ab\t two or ?ree p\nds ( fair mohair1   
:i* w be wor? f tw5ty to ?irty c5ts a   
p\nd4 ,?is mohair w be fit to run ?r\gh 
! combs1 & ! top1 or long mohair1 free f
 kemp1 w be us$ 9 ! manufacture (       
plu%es1 braids1 etc4 ,! sk9 w h "s value
 = rug1 robe & trimm+ purposes4 ,! meat 
w be juicy1 palatable & salable z       
mutton4  ,! f\r? cross1 or              
fifte5-sixte5?s blood ,angora1 w be     
h>dly di/+ui%able f ! av]age ?or\ghbr$  
,angora4 ,! co>se back w p]si/ to "s    
ext5t1 & ! hip w be pl5tifully cov]$ )  
kemp4 ,a good _m ( ?is grade w be poorly
 cov]$ on ! belly1 & an occasional b>e  
neck$ or (f color$ animal w be dropp$4  
,! animal w %e> f two & a half to five  

p\nds ( mohair ( good quality1 :i* w be 
wor? f tw5ty-five to ?irty-five c5ts a  
p\nd4 ,x w be f eight to twelve in*es   
long at a ye>'s gr[?1 & x w be comb$ at 
! mill4 ,x is fit = manufactur+ into any
 ( ! goods = :i* mohair is us$4 ,! meat 
( ! animal is ri*1 juicy1 & free f !    
disagreeable qualities s (t5 noticeable 
9 mutton4 ,if ! animal be f$ ^u br[se1 !
 meat w h ! flavor ( v5ison4 ,! t5d5cy (
 ! mo!rs to drop tw9s w be less5$1 & x w
 be r ! exception = tw9s to be born4 ,! 
kids w be r delicate :5 dropp$4         
,subsequ5t crosses w t5d to r$uce !     
am\nt ( kemp ^u ! animal & to improve ! 
back4 ,! "q w n[ resolve itself into "o 
( bre$+ = po9ts4 ,bucks mu/ be select$  
:i* cov] ! po9ts ! does ne$ mo/1 & by   
c>eful selection ! grade flock w soon be
 indi/+ui%able f ! ?or\ghbr$s4          
,,me?ods ,,us$ ,,9 ,,am]ica ,,to-,,day4 
,by gradual /eps ! orig9al ,angoras     
import$ into ,am]ica h be5 s improv$1 & 
! cross-bloods h be5 s highly grad$ t "s
 ( ! ,am]ican flocks equal ! be/ ,turki%

 flocks4 ,am]ica has _m high-grade      
flocks1 :i*1 if x 7 n = ! rema9+ co>se  
hair ( ! common goat1 w\ld be ^u a p> ) 
! ,turki% flocks4 ,!re are en\gh good   
goats 9 ! c\ntry = a f\ndation /ock1 & a
 few ye>s m ( ! c>eful1 pa9/ak+1        
selective bre$+ :i* is 9 progress       
?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates to-day1 w br+ =?
 an ,angora sup]ior to ! ,turki% /ock4  
,sections ( ! c\ntry modify !           
*>act]i/ics ( ! ,angora4 ,probably      
climatic conditions1 v>ieties ( food &  
wat]1 & c]ta9ly m5tal vigor ( ! own]s is
 l>gely responsible = ?is4 ,"o man      
selects l>ge1 well =m$1 rapidly matur+  
goats & bre$s = ?is type4 ,x is surpris+
 h[ soon 8 flocks assume ?is type4      
,ano!r bre$] works = f95ess ( fleece1   
reg>dless ( size or %ape ( ! animal1 &  
he gets 8 po9ts4  ,!re has be5 mu*      
vagu5ess z to :at po9ts ! bre$] %\ld try
 to produce4 ,"s h claim$ t ! mo/       
pr(itable animal to raise 0 "o produc+  
heavy r+letty fleece1 reg>dless ( !     
quality ( ! fleece1 except ( c\rse t x  

%\ld be z free f kemp z possible4 ,?is  
day has pass$4 ,we "k :at ! mohair is   
us$ =1 & "k h[ x is prep>$ =            
manufactur+4 ,! future may *ange ^! uses
 or me?ods1 b we "k :at we want n[1 & we
 "k h[ to bre$ our goats to produce !   
mo/ money p] head = ! pres5t at lea/4   
,fa%ions v>y1 & ! fa%ions v>y ! dem& =  
c]ta9 grades ( mohair4 ,co>se fib]$1    
long /aple1 f9e lu/] mohair possess+ a  
great am\nt ( t5sile /r5g? & ela/icity w
 make good braid y>ns1 b if braid y>ns  
are n 9 dem&1 su* fib] is n ! be/ = plu%
 or dress y>ns4 ,f9e fib]$1 long /aple1 
pliable1 lu/r\s1 easily spun y>n c be   
us$ = braid /uff1 or at lea/ "p ( !     
fleece w be heavy en\gh = ?is purpose1 &
 ! f9] p>ts h su* a v>iety ( uses t !y  
sp9 y>ns :i* are always 9 dem&4 ,look+  
at ! "q f ! manufactur+ /&po9t1 we see t
 ! mo/ /aple product is ! f9e-fib]$     
mohair4 ,b a produc] might h animals :i*
 w\ld %e> two & a half p\nds av]age 7!  
av]age ( ! ,turki% flocks7 ( v f9e      
mohair1 :ile ano!r gr[] might h animals 

:i* w\ld %e> f\r or five p\nds av]age ( 
co>se mohair4 ,& ev5 ?\gh ! value p]    
p\nd ( ! co>se mohair may be consid]ably
 less ?an t ( ! f9e mohair1 ! gr[] own+ 
! co>se hair$ heavy %e>+ ,angoras w     
realize m money p] head = 8 clip4 ,!    
value also ( ! c>cass & sk9 ( ! ,angora 
is ( importance4 ,a heavy c>cass & a    
l>ge sk9 are ( m value ?an a light      
c>cass & a small sk94  ,if ! ,angora    
bre$] w\ld produce ! animal :i* w yield 
! mo/ money p] head1 he %\ld aim to     
produce an animal :i* w %e> ! heavie/   
fleece ( ! mo/ m>ketable mohair1        
reg>dless ( fa%ions1 & "o :i*1 :5 put ^u
 ! m>ket1 w dress ! mo/ possible p\nds (
 desirable meat1 & yield a readily      
m>ketable sk94 ,!re are n _m su* animals
 on ! m>ket to-day1 b ! "t :5 !re w be  
pl5ty is com+4 ,we h ! f95ess ( fib]2 we
 h ! d5sity ( weight ( fleece2 we h !   
cov]+ ( ! animal & ! size & /am9a ( !   
individual1 & we h bre$]s :o are        
endeavor+ to unite comb9ations to       
produce ! ,angora ( ! future4 ,b :ile we

 are )\t ! ideal1 "o %\ld *oose t po9t  
:i* is h>de/ to atta91 mo/ necess>y = ! 
be/ pay+ animal1 & "w especially = t4 ,t
 po9t is f95ess ( fib]1 always rememb]+ 
fre5ess f kemp4 ,!re are _m l>ge goats1 
_m heavy %e>+ goats1 b !re are v few f9e
 fib]$ comp>atively free f kemp goats4  
,"o %\ld n make ! mi/ake ( neglect+ size
 & weight ( fleece4 ,!re are few animals
 :i* w respond m rapidly to c>eful      
cross+ ?an ! ,angora goat4 ,a buck w    
usually /amp 8 individuality ^u e kid1  
h5ce ! necessity ( c>efully select+     
bre$+ /ock4   ,,ge/ation4  ,! p]iod (   
ge/ation v>ies slightly ) ! individual1 
b ! av]age may be approximately /at$ z  
"o hundr$ & =ty-sev5 days1 or ab\t five 
mon?s4 ,bo? ! bucks & ! does h a bre$+  
season1 b ?is season may be *ang$ or    
v>i$ by diff]5t elem5ts4 ,z a rule !    
bucks comm5ce to rut ab\t ,july or      
,augu/ "h 9 ,am]ica1 & ! does soon aft] 
! "t ! bucks comm5ce4 ,"s bucks :i* h   
be5 all[$ to run ) ! does all ( ! "t1   
nev] cease rutt+1 & ! does conceive ab\t

 e six mon?s4 ,! does come 9 heat ab\t e
 f\rte5 days1 & rema9 9 ?is condition = 
ab\t ?ree days4 ,if ! bucks are all[$ to
 run ) ! does1 "o buck %\ld be us$ =    
ab\t e fifty does4 ,if ! buck is only   
all[$ to s]ve ! doe once1 a gr[n animal 
w s]ve "o hundr$ & fifty does 9 =ty days
 )\t p]man5t injury to himself4 ,! does 
conceive at ab\t ! age ( sev5 mon?s1 & !
 bucks bre$ at ab\t ! same age1 b ! wise
 bre$] w n sacrifice ! individual by    
int]f]+ ) its developm5t4 ,bo? ! buck & 
! doe %\ld n be br$ until !y are at lea/
 a ye> old4 ,! bucks %\ld be f$ at bre$+
 season1 & if "o has a suffici5t numb] (
 bucks1 x is well to turn ! bucks ) !   
does 9 relays4 ,x is advisable to h !   
kids />t com+ sl[ly1 s t "o may get new 
m5 tra9$ to h&le !m prop]ly4 ,"o or two 
bucks turn$ ) a flock ( a ?\s& does = a 
few days1 & !n remov$ & all[$ to re/1 & 
a new relay ( ?ree or m bucks turn$ ) ! 
does1 to be remov$ 9 a few days1 & a new
 relay be+ introduc$ into ! flock1 w d m
 satisfactory "w ?an !y w\ld if all ( ! 

bucks 7 turn$ 9 at "o "t4 ,! same       
pr9ciple c be appli$ to small] flocks4  
,! does %\ld be protect$ f cold /orms or
 r\gh h&l+ :5 !y are heavy ) kid1 else  
!y are liable to abort4 ,if = any       
unusual cause ! doe aborts "o season1   
!re is no reason :y %e w n c>ry h] kid  
until full t]m ano!r "t1 & exp]i5ce has 
prov5 t %e w4  ,illu/ration3 ,,pa%a ,v  
,,& ,,bism>ck4  ,am]ican br$ bucks1     
,bism>ck %e>+ #ab p\nds1 0 ! sire ( !   
gr& *ampion buck at ! ,/4 ,l\is ,_w's   
,fair1 #aijd4   ,,bre$+ ,,( ,,regi/]$   
,,/ock4  ,! bre$+ ( regi/]$ /ock1 or    
/ock ( kn[n ance/ry1 requires mu* c>e & 
q diff]5t h&l+4 ,bo? ! does & ! bucks   
mu/ be m>k$ ) an e> tag1 br&1 tattoo    
numb]1 or "s o!r p]man5t individual m>k1
 & ! kids %\ld be m>k$ at bir?4 ,fifty  
kn[n does may be put 9 a pa/ure or p5 & 
a kn[n buck put ) !m4 ,he %\ld be all[$ 
to run ) !m at lea/ =ty days4 ,aft] ?is 
! does may be collect$ into a flock &   
sev]al bucks turn$ ) !m1 b only ! kids  
:i* are dropp$ f a kn[n buck are fit =  

record4  ,a m accurate me?od1 & "o :i* c
 be us$ ) a l>ge flock1 is to place !   
bucks 9 a corral adjo9+ ! "o us$ by !   
does at night4 ,! does %\ld be br\ght   
into _! corral e>ly 9 ! ev5+1 & all ( ^?
 9 heat w "w along ! f5ce next to !     
bucks4 ,! doe 9 heat c be caught & !    
numb] tak5 & record$ 9 a book4 ,%e is !n
 plac$ 9 a small p5 ) a buck & 8 numb]  
is record$ ) h]s1 toge!r ) ! date4 ,if !
 doe does n conceive1 %e c be put ) !   
same buck aga9 at a lat] date1 & "o has 
approximate k ( :5 %e %\ld drop h] kid4 
,9 ?is mann] a buck w s]ve ab\t two or  
?ree does 9 ! ev5+1 & "o or two 9 !     
morn+4 ,! kid is m>k$ at bir? & ! numb] 
record$ aft] t ( ! "m4 ,! bre$+ (       
record$ /ock is ( value only = special  
reasons1 & is n advisable ) l>ge flocks1
 z x is exp5sive4  ,illu/ration         
,,angora ,,v5ison4   ,angora v5ison is !
 "n :i* %\ld be giv5 to ! fle% ( !      
,angora goat4 ,at ! pres5t "t x is      
usually sold 9 ! m>kets z mutton4 ,! t]m
 goat meat %\ld be appli$ to meat ( !   

common goat1 & ! t]m mutton belongs to  
%eep4 ,because ! ,angora goat fe$s      
l>gely ^u t mat]ial :i* n\ri%es ! de]1 !
 meat ( ! ,angora is flavor$ l v5ison4  
,! fat is well di/ribut$1 & !           
heal?fulness ( ! animal r5d]s ?is an    
especially desirable meat4 ,! ,turk has 
long recogniz$ ,angora v5ison z an      
important elem5t 9 8 diet4 ,angora kid  
is above comp>ison1 & x occupies !      
pr9ciple place on ! m5u at private z    
well z /ate affairs 9 ! ,ori5t4 ,z "o   
passes ?r\gh ! m>ket places 9 ,asia     
,m9or he sees ! c>casses ( ! ,angora    
hang+ 9 e %op4 ,!re is no mi/ak+ !      
animal1 z ! sk9 /ill rema9s on ! goat4  
,"o takes 8 *oice1 & z a rule m ,angora 
v5ison ?an mutton is sold4 ,"s ( !      
,turks keep _! we!rs until !y become    
co>se-hair$ & too old to pay to keep    
long]1 eight or t5 ye>s old4 ,?is class 
( meat ranks ) old mutton1 & sells at a 
disc\nt4 ,"y we!rs & does are 9 good    
dem&4 ,!re has exi/$ 9 ,am]ica "s       
prejudice aga9/ ! fle% ( ! goat4 ,to-day

 ?\s&s ( goats are be+ consum$ annually1
 b mo/ ( !m are sold z mutton4 ,pack]s &
 but*]s /ill insi/ t ,angora v5ison mu/ 
be sold z mutton4 ,!y pay ab\t "o-half a
 c5t to a c5t a p\nd less = ! goat ?an =
 %eep4  ,! goat nev] fatt5s z well along
 ! back z ! %eep1 & h5ce ! c>cass does n
 look s well4 ,! fat is m ev5ly         
di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! animal 9 ! goat4 ,an
 exp]t once said t to "k :e!r a goat 0  
fat "o %\ld feel ! brisket1 & if !re 0 a
 consid]able lay] ( adipose tissue      
betwe5 ! sk9 & ! brea/ bone1 ! animal 0 
fat4  ,"s ( ! ,am]ican bre$]s d n s5d _!
 we!rs to m>ket until !y get too old to 
produce valuable fleeces4 ,! animals are
 !n slaught]$ :5 !y h gr[n a half ye>'s 
fleece1 & ! sk9s are res]v$ by ! bre$]4 
,^! sk9s are valuable1 & help to br+ up 
! av]age price ( ! goat4  ,at pres5t "s 
( ! pack]s recognize no diff]5ce betwe5 
%orn & un%orn goats4 ,! price is ! same1
 s x pays to %e> ! goats be=e br++ !m to
 m>ket4 ,!re is absolutely no /rong     
flavor 9 prime ,angora v5ison1 & ?is is 

:]e ! meat diff]s f t ( ! common goat4  
,! goat is a sl[ gr[]1 & n until !      
second ye> d ! bones ossify4 ,!re=e1 a  
two-ye>-old c be sold = lamb1 z he has a
 s(t jo9t4 ,gr[n ,angora we!rs d n      
av]age mu* m ?an "o hundr$ p\nds z a    
rule1 al?\gh !re are occasional b&s sold
 :i* av]age "o hundr$ & fifte5 p\nds4   
,x is safe to say t ,angora v5ison w    
nev] supplant mutton1 b x w h its place 
among ! edible meats4  ,illu/ration3    
,,angora ,,buck--,e>ly ,importation4    
,,angora ,,goat ,,sk9s4   ,an ,angora   
goat sk9 diff]s consid]ably f ! sk9 ( ! 
common goat4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! ,angora  
sk9 is cov]$ ) m or less mohair2 & 9 !  
second place1 ! texture ( ! sk9 itself  
is diff]5t4 ,! sk9 ( ! common goat is   
firm1 & ! diff]5t lay]s are s closely   
unit$ t !y _c be sep>at$4 ,! lay]s ( !  
,angora sk9 are n s closely unit$1 & !  
sk9 is slightly fluffy4 ,! out] lay] (  
?is sk9 peels (f :5 x is us$4 ,! ,angora
 sk9 is valuable bo? ) ! fleece on & )\t
 x4 ,its pr9ciple value1 h[ev]1 is ) !  

fleece on4 ,aft] ! sk9s h be5 prop]ly   
tann$1 !y are us$ = rugs1 robes1        
trimm+s1 & imitat+ v>i\s furs4 ,:5      
ladies' & *ildr5's ,angora furs are 9   
/yle1 ^! sk9s become v valuable = ?is   
purpose4 ,"o sk9 has cut #ag4jj wor? (  
trimm+ at :olesale4 ,( c\rse1 ! value ( 
! sk9s dep5ds ^u ! quality & "* ( !     
mohair ) :i* ! sk9s are cov]$1 & _!     
size4 ,l>ge1 well cov]$ sk9s are always 
sc>ce & comm& good prices4 ,!y are wor? 
f #a4jj to #b4jj ea*4 ,mo/ ( ! ,asia    
,m9or sk9s are s5t to ,au/ria1 & !      
prices paid = ! raw sk9s are ab\t ! same
 z 9 ,am]ica4 ,! sk9s :i* h _h ! mohair 
remov$ are valuable = ! manufacture (   
gloves & morocco lea!r4 ,!y d n make z  
f9e lea!r z ! common goat sk9s1 b !y are
 z ext5sively us$4 ,all sk9s %\ld be    
c>efully h&l$4  ,! sk9 %\ld be c>efully 
remov$ f ! c>cass4 ,goats d n sk9 z     
easily z %eep1 & ! c>eless op]ator is   
liable to cut ! inn] lay]s ( ! sk9 if he
 is n c>eful4 ,^! cuts are call$        
fle%-cuts1 & sk9s badly fle%-cut are    

comp>atively valueless1 because         
fle%-cuts c n be remov$ by ! tann]4 ,a  
%>p knife %\ld be us$1 & ! op]ator %\ld 
avoid cutt+ ! sk94  ,! sk9 %\ld be well 
salt$1 c>e be+ tak5 to see t ! salt     
p5etrates e portion ( ! raw surface4 ,! 
sk9s c be cur$ 9 ! %ade )\t ! use (     
salt1 b sun-dri$ sk9s are wor?less4 ,if 
! edges ( ! sk9 are all[$ to roll1 s t  
raw surfaces come toge!r1 ! "p s affect$
 w heat & ! hair pull out4 ,x is n      
necess>y to /ret* ! sk9s :ile cur+ !m4  
,goats %\ld be kill$ :5 _! fleece is    
suitable = robe & rug purposes4 ,^?     
c>ry+ a six mon?'s fleece1 if x is six  
in*es long1 h ab\t ! "r k9d ( sk9s4 ,!re
 are "s ,angora sk9s import$ f ,turkey &
 ,s\? ,africa4  ,illu/ration3 ,prize    
w9n]s at ! ,columbian ,exposition1      
,*icago1 #ahic4     ,,by-,,products ,,( 
,,angora ,,goats4   ,! ,angora goat %\ld
 n be class$ ) mil* animals4 ,z a rule !
 does give a suffici5t am\nt ( milk to  
n\ri% ! kid or kids4 ,! m common blood  
!re is 9 ! goat ! bett] mil* animal %e  

is4 ,h[ev]1 "s ,angoras h be5 milk$1 & !
 milk is z ri* z t ( ! common goat4 ,a  
qu>t ( milk a day may be consid]$ a fair
 av]age = a fre% mil* ,angora doe4 ,x   
has be5 sugge/$ t because ! milk ( !    
goat conta9s a heavy p]c5tage ( fat1 x  
is a prop] sub/itute = mo!rs' milk =    
babies4 ,?is is probably a mi/ake1 z t  
"p ( ! milk :i* is ! h>de/ = ! baby to  
dige/ is ! prote91 & x w be obs]v$ t 9 !
 foll[+ table ( analysis submitt$1 !    
p]c5tage ( prote9 9 goat's milk & 9 c['s
 milk is ab\t ! same1 & t x is          
consid]ably l>g] ?an 9 "m's milk4 ,a v  
desirable feature 9 goat's milk is t !  
fat is di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! milk1 & t x  
does n readily sep>ate f ! milk4 ,?is   
w\ld assi/ 9 ! assimilation ( ! fat by  
an infant4 ,"s exp]im5ts made ) c(fee   
demon/rate t x requires half ! quantity 
( goat's milk to produce ! same effect  
^u ?is bev]age :i* c['s milk produces4  
,?is may be p>tially expla9$ by !       
quantity ( fat 9 goat's milk1 & p>tially
 by ! fact t ! fat does n readily       

sep>ate f ! milk4 ,! bottom ( ! c is z  
good z ! top4   ,,analysis ,,( ,,milk4  
,,"m',s  ,,c[',s    ,,goat',s           
,,av]age  ,,av]age  ,,av]age      ,fat  
#d4jj    #c4ej      #g4cj     ,sug>     
#g4jj    #d4cj      #d4aj     ,proteid  
#a4ej    #d4jj      #d4ah     ,salts    
4#bj     4#gj      #a4ba     ,wat]      
#hg4cj   #hg4ej     #hc4ba              
------  ------    ------                
#ajj4jj  #ajj4jj    #ajj4jj  ,p]sons 9  
poor heal? h be5 greatly b5efitt$ by !  
use ( goat's milk4 ,?is is probably due 
to ! fact t ! fat 9 ! milk is s         
di/ribut$ t a l>ge p]c5tage ( x is tak5 
up by ! dige/ive app>atus4 ,angora goats
 are docile1 & x is possible t "s ( !m  
c\ld be develop$ into good mil* animals4
   ,,f]tiliz]4  ,x is a kn[n fact t     
pack]s ( ! pres5t day utilize all ( !   
c>cass ( mo/ food animals1 b x is n !   
f]tiliz] :i* ! pack] makes f ! blood &  
(fal ( ! goat :i* we %all consid] "h4   
,%eep's manure has be5 us$ = ye>s on    
or*>ds & vegetable g>d5s1 & 9 ! la/ few 

ye>s goats' manure has be5 9 dem&1 sell+
 at f #f to #g4ej a ton1 dep5d+ ^u !    
purity ( ! f]tiliz]4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ 
t only a small portion ( ?is manure is  
dropp$ at ! night b$-gr\nd1 ! balance is
 ev5ly di/ribut$ ov] ! l& ^u :i* ! goats
 are fe$+4 ,! goats n only rid ! f>m (  
objectionable we$s & bru%1 b !y help to 
furni% a ri* soil 9 :i* grass w gr[4    
,?is fact has be5 s ?or\ghly demon/rat$ 
t we/]n f>m]s1 :o h l>ge tracts ( :eat  
or b>ley /ubble to r5t dur+ ! summ]1 are
 always anxi\s to get goats ^u ?is l&4  
,,o!r ,,products4  ,! horns ( ! goats   
are us$ to make h&les = pocket knives1  
etc4 ,! ho(s are us$ 9 ! manufacture (  
glue4  ,illu/ration     ,,food1         
,,climate ,,& ,,protection4   ,on !     
m\nta9s & 9 ! valleys ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
! ,angora has _h a v>iety ( food4 ,he is
 a natural br[s]1 & w live almo/        
entirely on bru%1 if ?is k9d ( food is  
to be f\nd1 b he readily adapts himself 
to circum/ances1 & w live & d well ^u an
 exclusively grass diet4 ,! fact t !    

goat is a br[s] has be5 made use ( 9    
cle>+ f>ms ( bru% & objectional we$s4   
,if a suffici5t numb] ( goats are conf9$
 ^u a limit$ area = a p]iod ( "t1 !y w  
kill mo/ ( ! bru% ^u ?is l&4 ,!y w eat  
almo/ e k9d ( bru%1 b !y h _! pref]5ces 
& enjoy especially blackb]ry v9es & ^?  
k9ds ( bru% :i* conta9 tannic acid1 su* 
z scrub oak4 ,!y d n poison easily1 & if
 !re is a v>iety ( food !y r>ely eat    
en\gh ( any k9d ( poison\s plant to     
prove fatal4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !y are hungry1 
& h access to places :]e !re are        
poison\s plants1 !y w eat en\gh to kill 
!mselves4   ,,kill+ ,,bru%4  ,if "o     
wi%es to cle> bru% l&1 he %\ld conf9e ! 
goats to a comp>atively small tract4 ,! 
goats kill ! %rubs by eat+ ! leaves & by
 peel+ ! b>k f ! bran*es & trunks ( !   
trees4 ,! bru% ?us depriv$ ( lungs1 soon
 dies & ! roots rot4 ,z fa/ z ! leaves  
gr[ !y mu/ be consum$1 s x is well to   
all[ ! goats to eat mo/ ( ! leaves (f ( 
a limit$ tract1 & !n 9 ord] to give !   
goats pl5ty ( fe$1 !y %\ld be mov$ to   

ano!r field4 ,z soon z ! leaves on !    
fir/ tract h regr[n ! goats %\ld be aga9
 conf9$ to ?is l&4 ,9 ?is way ! leaves  
are cont9ually de/roy$4 ,?is process c  
be cont9u$ z fa/ z ! leaves regr[4 ,by  
?is me?od x is e/imat$ t a bun* ( "o    
hundr$ to "o hundr$ & fifty goats w cle>
 =ty acres ( ?ick bru% 9 ab\t two ye>s4 
,9 c\ntries :]e ! grass gr[s z ! bru%   
dies1 goats w eat "s ( ?is grass1 b !y  
pref] ! br[se4  ,on "s ( ! old] goat    
ran*es1 :]e ! ,angora has be5 rais$     
exclusively = ! mohair & mutton1 x has  
become q a problem to prev5t ! goats f  
kill+ out ! bru%4 ,! goats h done well  
:]e o!r k9ds ( live/ock w\ld h />v$1 b z
 soon z ! bru% is kill$ ! l& produces   
almo/ no?+1 & ev5 ! goats _c make a     
liv+4 ,to prev5t z f> z possible _!     
kill+ ! bru% ! flocks are mov$ frequ5tly
 f "o range to ano!r1 s t ! %rubs h a   
*ance to recup]ate betwe5 visits4 ,9 ?is
 way bru% c be kept almo/ indef9itely = 
! goats4 ,on "s ( ! we/]n ranges1 :]e   
cattle & %eep h1 by cont9ual cropp+1    

kill$ mu* ( ! grass1 good br[se rema9s4 
,^! ranges w\ld h to be ab&on$ if x 7 n 
= ! goat4 ,goats d n 9 any way int]f]e )
 ! pa/urage ( cattle or o!r live/ock4   
,cattle fe$ cont5t$ly on ! same range ) 
! goats1 & ?is fact has l$ _m s\!rn     
cattle m5 to inve/ 9 goats4 ,! goats are
 h]d$ on ! bru%y l&s1 & ! cattle range  
ov] ! same t]ritory & eat ! grass4      
,horses h a great fondness = goats4     
,,salt4  ,goats1 l o!r live/ock1 %\ld h 
a small am\nt ( salt4 ,! salt %\ld be   
kept :]e !y c get x at lib]ty1 or else x
 %\ld be f$ at regul> int]vals4 ,if     
gr\nd salt is giv51 c>e %\ld be tak5 to 
see t individuals d n eat an ov]supply (
 ! salt4   ,,wat]4  ,:ile ,angoras d n  
require z mu* wat] z %eep1 yet !y %\ld  
be giv5 a quantity suffici5t at lea/    
once a day4 ,9 w9t] goats w live ^u sn[4
 ,m5 h report$ t _! goats h gone = a    
week at a "t1 & all summ] long1 )\t any 
m moi/ure ?an !y c\ld get f br[se &     
we$s1 b ev5 if ,angoras %\ld /& ?is     
treatm5t1 !y w ?rive bett] ) wat] once  

daily4 ,x is e/imat$ t "u normal        
conditions a goat w consume ab\t        
"o-n9etie? ( its body weight 7ab\t a p9t
 ( wat] = a gr[n animal7 9 a day4 ,on   
hot days1 :5 ! animals are on dry fe$1  
!y w frequ5tly dr9k two qu>ts ( wat]4   
,,%$s4  ,to raise ,angora goats mo/     
pr(itably "o %\ld really be provid$ )   
%$s4 ,^! %$s %\ld be ab\t ! same z ^?   
:i* are provid$ = %eep 9 ! same         
locality4 ,= ye>s s\!rn & we/]n bre$]s h
 made a success ( ! ,angora indu/ry1 & v
 few ( !m h _h any artificial protection
 = _! goats4 ,b ev5 ^! bre$]s f9d t !y c
 raise a l>g] p]c5tage ( increase1 & get
 ?r\gh ! ye> ) a small] p]c5tage ( loss 
if !y h %$s4 ,gr[n goats r>ely ne$ mu*  
%elt]1 ev5 9 ! w9t]1 if ! wea!r is dry1 
b dur+ cold1 damp /orms ! fleece wets   
?r\gh & ! animal *ills4 ,j aft] %e>+1 or
 j be=e kidd+ season1 "o is liable to   
lose "s gr[n animals1 or to h _m kids   
slunk1 if ! goats are n protect$ f cold 
/orms4 ,"y kids also require att5tion1 &
 prop] %$s m ?an pay = !mselves by      

prev5t+ excessive mortality4 ,:e!r ! %$ 
%\ld be clos$ on all sides1 or :e!r x   
may be left op51 dep5ds ^u ! locality4  
,d z "o w\ld = %eep1 "u ! same          
conditions1 w be a fairly safe rule to  
foll[4 ,all[ at lea/ f\r or five squ>e  
feet ( %$ room to ea* mature animal1 & !
 dang] ( ! goats cr[d+ toge!r 9 ! corn]s
 & smo!r+ ! animals on ! und]side ( !   
pile1 %\ld nev] be =gott54 ,on v cold   
nights l>ge numb]s1 especially ( ! kids1
 may be kill$ by smo!r+1 if !y are n    
c>efully wat*$4   ,,f5ces4  ,! "q ( f5c+
 = ! ,angora goat is n su* a s]i\s matt]
 z ! beg9n] w\ld imag9e4 ,if ! goats h n
 be5 rais$ z pets & taught to jump1 !re 
w be little tr\ble ) ! animals go+ ov] a
 p]p5dicul> f5ce ( ord9>y height4 ,!y w1
 h[ev]1 g ?r\gh or "u ! f5ce1 if x is   
possible4 ,!y are natural climb]s1 & if 
! f5ce (f]s project+ /eps1 ^u :i* !y c  
climb1 !y w soon f9d _! way to ! outside
 ( ! enclosure4 ,"s ( ! old /one & rail 
f5ces w n hold goats4 ,any p]p5dicul>   
f5ce1 ?ree feet high1 ) transv]se spaces

 n wid] ?an ?ree or f\r in*es = ! l[]   
two feet1 & n wid] ?an six in*es = !    
upp] foot1 w hold goats4 ,if ! spaces 9 
! f5ce are p]p5dicul>1 !y w necess>ily h
 to be n>r[]1 z small kids w crawl ?r\gh
 ! spaces4 ,a wov5-wire f5ce1 two feet  
high1 ) a p]p5dicul> /ay1 at lea/ twelve
 in*es ap>t1 s t ! goats w n get _!     
heads caught 9 ! f5ce1 surm\nt$ by a    
c\ple ( pla9 or b>b$ wires1 six in*es   
ap>t1 w hold goats1 & if b>b$ wire is   
us$1 w prev5t cattle f break+ ! f5ce4   
,if pla9 or b>b$ wire is us$1 ! fir/    
?ree wires ne>e/ ! gr\nd %\ld be plac$ n
 m ?an ?ree in*es ap>t1 & close en\gh to
 ! gr\nd to prev5t kids f crawl+ "u !   
l[e/ wire4 ,! space betwe5 ! next wires 
may be increas$ to f\r1 five & six      
in*es1 & s on to ! desir$ height ( !    
f5ce4 ,a bo>d f5ce compos$ ( ?ree bo>ds 
f\r in*es wide1 ) a space betwe5 ! gr\nd
 & ! fir/ bo>d ( ab\t ?ree in*es1 & a   
?ree or f\r in* space betwe5 ! bo>ds1 ! 
:ole be+ surm\nt$ by a b>b$ or pla9 wire
 or two makes a v satisfactory goat     

f5ce4 ,if pickets or po/s are us$1 !y   
%\ld be set closely en\gh toge!r1 say   
ab\t two in*es ap>t1 to prev5t small    
kids f crawl+ betwe5 !m4 ,an objection  
has be5 rais$ to b>b$ wire1 on acc\nt ( 
! mohair :i* ! b>bs pull out4 ,! am\nt (
 mohair lo/ 9 ?is way is inconsid]able4 
,z has be5 /at$1 x hurts ! goat to pull 
! mohair1 & ! goat soon le>ns to avoid !
 b>bs4 ,_m bre$]s use b>b$ wire corrals 
& f9d !m satisfactory4 ,probably wov5   
wire is ! be/ f5ce "u ord9>y conditions4
   ,,h]d+4  ,9 m\nta9\s c\ntries1 :]e x 
is n practical to f5ce ! range1 ! flocks
 %\ld be wat*$ by h]d]s4 ,! ,angora has 
a natural t5d5cy to return home1 or to a
 kn[n camp+ gr\nd at night1 & 9 "s      
places ?is t5d5cy is reli$ ^u to br+ !  
flock home1 & !y are n h]d$4 ,( c\rse1 9
 c\ntries :]e !re is no dang] f loss by 
depr$ations ( wild animals1 & :]e food  
is s pl5tiful t ! goats mu/ f9d a       
suffici5t am\nt1 ! flock may be turn$   
loose4  ,"o %eph]d %\ld t5d f "o to two 
?\s& head1 z goats flock toge!r well4 ,(

 c\rse1 dur+ kidd+ season ! flocks w h  
to be m closely wat*$4 ,goats travel    
rapidly & cov] a consid]able am\nt (    
t]ritory 9 a day4 ,a flock may travel f 
t5 to twelve miles f ! "t !y leave camp 
9 ! morn+ until !y return to camp 9 !   
ev5+4 ,! h]d] %\ld walk ahead ( ! lead]s
 ( ! flock1 s t !y w n travel too fa/1  
or he may walk ^u a ne>by elevation1 s t
 he c see t ! flock does n sep>ate4 ,a  
flock w sometimes /r+ out ov] a mile4 ,!
 goats %\ld be giv5 fre$om4 ,too (t5 a  
zeal\s h]d] ov]works himself & keeps 8  
flock poor by cr[d+ !m toge!r4 ,a good  
%eep h]d] soon le>ns ! nature ( ! goat1 
& :5 he und]/&s ! animal he w\ld r h]d  
goats ?an %eep4  ,illu/ration3 ,prize   
w9n]s at ! ,/4 ,l\is ,_w's ,fair1 #aijd4
   ,,dogs4  ,9 "s sections ( ! c\ntry   
%eep-kill+ dogs h prov5 a great nuisance
 to %eep-bre$]s4 ,to say t ! ,angora    
goat w prev5t dogs f kill+ %eep1 & t !y 
w drive ! dogs away1 w\ld be a          
mis/atem5t4 ,bucks & gr[n goats w       
protect !mselves to "s ext5t4 ,if a     

/range dog attacks a flock 9 a field1 ! 
goats w usually huddle toge!r & ! bucks 
& gr[n animals w keep ! dog at bay4 ,a  
"m w fight bravely to protect h] kid4   
,illu/ration     ,,kidd+ ,,angoras4     
,an exp]i5ce ( ye>s has taught ! ,turk t
 if he wi%es to save _m kids1 he mu/ h  
!m come late 9 ! season4 ,! *angeable   
wea!r ( ! ,turki% spr+1 ! frequ5t cold  
ra9s & ! lack ( prop] %$ accommodations1
 h m ?an once n only de/roy$ ! increase1
 b also kill$ ! gr[n goats4 ,! ,turki%  
me?ods ( h&l+ kids are ( little         
practical value4 ,!y "k h[ delicate !   
kids are :5 !y are born1 & !y usually   
br+ ! kid & its "m to ! h\se z soon z x 
is dropp$4  ,! ,turki% ,angora goat m5  
usually range small flocks1 & !y also h 
a surplus ( help1 s t ?is is a          
comp>atively easy me?od4 ,! kids are    
all[$ to g ) ! flocks z soon z !y are   
old en\gh to travel4 ,! pr9cipal        
objection to lett+ "y kids g ) ! flock  
is t ! kids g to sleep1 & sleep s s\ndly
 t ! flock fe$ away f !m4 ,:5 ! y\ng/]s 

awake !y are lo/4 ,if !re be wild       
animals ab\t1 ! kids may be kill$1 or !y
 may />ve be=e !y are f\nd4 ,! ,turk1   
h[ev]1 has s _m h]d]s ) "o flock t !y   
usually discov] ! kids be=e ! flock has 
/ray$4  ,9 ,am]ica ! kidd+ season is !  
mo/ important "t ( ! ye> = ! ,angora    
bre$]4 ,if he w\ld raise a l>ge         
increase1 he mu/ be prop]ly prep>$1 & he
 mu/ be con/antly al]t4 ,if ! wea!r be  
fair1 ) bright sun%9y days & temp]ate   
nights1 ! kids w d well )\t mu* c>e1 b  
if x be cold1 /ormy & muddy1 "s ( ! kids
 w be lo/ 9 spite ( all c>e4 ,aft] !    
kids are born ! mo!rs %\ld h su* food z 
w produce ! greate/ am\nt ( milk4       
,well-f$ mo!rs make /rong heal?y kids4  
,gre5 fe$ is desirable4  ,! prop]       
season1 !n1 = ! kids to come w dep5d ^u 
! climate & range conditions4 ,all[+ = !
 p]iod ( ge/ation1 :i* is ab\t five     
mon?s1 ! bucks c run ) ! does z e>ly or 
z late z "o wi%es4 ,"o c be guid$       
some:at by ! "t %eep m5 all[ ewes to    
lamb4 ,:5 ! fir/ w>m wea!r comes ! goats

 usually comm5ce to %$ _! mohair1 & z x 
is too e>ly 9 ! season = ! kids to be   
dropp$1 ! does mu/ be %orn be=e kidd+ or
 ! mohair lo/4 ,c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ 9   
h&l+ ! does heavy ) kid4 ,= ! fir/ few  
days aft] %e>+ ! doe %\ld n be all[$ to 
*ill1 z %e may abort4 ,9 "s c\ntries x  
is possible to kid be=e %e>+1 b !re is  
no practical objection to %e>+ be=e     
kidd+1 provid$ prop] c>e be ex]cis$4    
,,h&l+ ,,( ,,kids4  ,!re are v>i\s      
me?ods 9 use ( h&l+ ! "y kids1 & all (  
!m are int5d$ to save z l>ge a p]c5tage 
( increase z possible ) ! lea/ possible 
exp5se4 ,almo/ e man :o has h&l$ goats  
has "s individual idea :i* exp]i5ce has 
taught him4 ,! locality & surr\nd+s ( ! 
flock make a va/ diff]5ce 9 ! way !y    
%\ld be kidd$4 ,! me?od :i* works be/ ) 
fifty or "o hundr$ does 9 a f5c$ bru%   
pa/ure 9 ,oregon or ,i[a1 w\ld be       
useless ) a flock ( a ?\s& or fifte5    
hundr$ 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,nevada or ,new    
,mexico1 :]e !re is (t5 no corral to    
hold ! goats4  ,) a bun* ( f fifty1 to  

two hundr$ & fifty1 & a %$ big en\gh to 
hold ! entire lot1 x is n difficult to  
raise a v l>ge p]c5tage ( kids4 ,if !   
does are kept 9 a t5 or tw5ty-acre      
pa/ure1 !y %\ld be all[$ to run out &   
take c>e ( !mselves z mu* z possible4 ,!
 doe may drop h] kid :]ev] %e may happ5 
to be1 & %e w almo/ inv>iably take c>e (
 x & coax x to ! %$ at night4 ,! refusal
 ( a "y doe to own h] kid mu/ be        
ov]come1 especially if ! wea!r is       
unfavorable4 ,! "m mu/ be caught & !    
milk =c$ into ! kid's m\? until he le>ns
 to suckle4 ,aft] he has be5 suffici5tly
 f$1 place !m toge!r 9 a box /all &     
leave !m = a day or two4 ,!n1 9 all     
probability1 ! "m w take c>e ( h] kid4  
,! box /all is ab\t ?ree feet squ>e &   
?ree feet high1 ) a little door on h+es 
to save lift+ ! animal4 ,a r[ along !   
inside ( ! %$ next to ! wall is a great 
conv5i5ce4 ,a doe ) h] kid %\ld be      
di/urb$ z little z possible1 because1 z 
a rule1 %e kn[s h[ to c>e = h] kid bett]
 ?an a h]d]4  ,:5 goats are h&l$ on a   

l>g] scale1 ) no pa/ure available1      
entirely diff]5t me?ods %\ld be         
adopt$--= ! "m mu/ g out to fe$ e day & 
! kid _c g4  ,probably ! mo/ ext5sively 
us$ me?ods are ! corral me?od & ! /ak+  
me?od1 ei!r us$ individually or comb9$4 
,,! ,,corral ,,me?od4  ,9 ! corral      
me?od1 two or ?ree l>ge corrals & num]\s
 small] ones are necess>y4 ,fir/1 ! does
 %\ld be sep>at$ f ! we!rs1 if !y h be5 
runn+ toge!r1 & a we!r b& made4 ,!n e   
morn+ ! doe b& mu/ be look$ ov] c>efully
 = does t w kid dur+ ! day4 ,su* does   
mu/ be put 9 a corral by !mselves &     
all[$ to kid 9 ?is corral4 ,!y %\ld be  
f$ "s hay1 or if t is n possible1 !y    
%\ld be h]d$ ne> by = a few h\rs4 ,x has
 be5 our exp]i5ce t mo/ ( ! kids w come 
betwe5 ! h\rs ( t5 9 ! morn+ & f\r 9 !  
aft]noon4 ,! m does :i* "o c pick out 9 
! morn+ ! bett] x is1 = ! doe1 aft]     
dropp+ h] kid1 is all[$ to /ay ) x ! re/
 ( ! day & all night4 ,9 ?is way %e     
le>ns to "k x4 ,if "o has hay to fe$ !  
doe1 s t %e may be left ) h] kid = "o or

 two days1 x is a great advantage4      
,aft] all ! does h be5 select$ :i* c be 
f\nd1 /ill "s w be ov]look$1 & !y w g   
out on ! range ) ! re/4 ,! be/ way to   
h&le ^! is to h ! h]d] make a /raight   
drive to a c]ta9 po9t :]e ! fe$ is good1
 & !n /ay ar\nd ?is "o place1 all[+ !   
kids to come )9 z small a radius z      
possible )\t />v+ ! goats4 ,if x is     
necess>y1 q a di/ance c be cov]$ 9 ?is  
way1 & yet ! kids w n be scatt]$ ov] a  
l>ge section ( ! c\ntry4  ,z a kid is   
dropp$1 ! doe %\ld be all[$ to rema9 )  
h] kid & take c>e ( x until ev5+4 ,! h]d
 w gradually fe$ f !m1 b x %\ld be kept 
z ne> z possible to protect ! kids f    
wild animals4 ,t[>ds ev5+ "o mu/ g out &
 ga!r up ! kids & drive ! mo!rs to !    
corral4 ,! l>ge h]d %\ld be driv5 home 9
 advance1 keep+ a little ap>t f ! does )
 kids s z n to coax ! wet does away ) ! 
dry h]d4  ,:5 ! wagon ) ! kids rea*es ! 
ran*1 ! kids %\ld be put 9 a small      
corral4 ,!y %\ld be plac$ a few feet    
ap>t1 & ! mo!rs %\ld be all[$ to select 

_! own kids4 ,!y also %\ld be all[$ to  
rema9 9 ! corral = ! night at lea/4 ,9  
case a doe w n take h] kid %e %\ld be   
plac$ 9 "o ( ! box /alls & a kid :i* has
 no "m plac$ ) h] & f$4  ,:5 pl5ty (    
small corrals & good hay are available1 
ea* day's kids %\ld be left 9 a sep>ate 
corral until ! mo!rs h be5 ) ! kids "o  
or two days4 ,x w be f\nd t ! kids are  
always giv5 a v good />t 9 ?is way4 ,:5 
x is deem$ advisable1 ! kids are put    
toge!r 9 a l>ge corral1 & z soon z !    
mo!rs 9 ! small] corrals are ?\ght to "k
 _! kids suffici5tly well1 !y are add$  
to ?is wet b& 9 ! l>ge corral4 ,?us !   
r\nd is complet$ f ! dry b& to ! wet b&1
 ! small corral be+ simply an int]m$iate
 /ep to insure famili>ity betwe5 ! doe &
 h] kid4 ,! dry b& rapidly dim9i%es :ile
 ! wet b& increases4  ,! mo!rs are n[   
ready to g on ! range dur+ ! day to fe$1
 b ! kids %\ld be kept 9 ! corral until 
!y are at lea/ six weeks old4 ,! does   
may be turn$ out ov] a jump bo>d plac$  
across ! gate4 ,a jump bo>d is a two-in*

 plank1 eighte5 in*es high1 ) a f\r-in* 
/rip nail$ on ! top = ! does to put _!  
feet on z !y jump ov]4 ,! kids come to !
 bo>d b _c get ov]4 ,if "s ( ! l>g] kids
 bo!r by try+ to get ov]1 "s "o c /& at 
! gate to sc>e !m back by p\nd+ on !    
bo>d ) a /ick4 ,! does w soon le>n to   
pay no att5tion to ! noise4             
,illu/ration3 ,,?or\ghbr$ ,,angora      
,,doe4  ,ev5 n[ !re w be a few kids :i* 
w n be mo!r$4 ,e morn+1 be=e ! wet b& is
 all[$ to g ov] ! jump bo>d1 "o %\ld    
walk ?r\gh ! h]d1 pick out ! kids t h n 
be5 n\ri%$ dur+ ! night1 & select does t
 are n suckl+ kids4 ,^! does %\ld be    
held until ! kids h be5 f$4 ,a r[ (     
small /antions is a conv5i5t ?+ = hold+ 
!m4 ,aft] a kid gets a good />t he w    
/eal a liv+ f diff]5t does if necess>y4 
,to kid a b& ( f "o ?\s& to fifte5      
hundr$ does by ! corral me?od1 w require
 at lea/ ?ree m5--"o man to h]d ! dry   
b&1 "o ! wet b&1 & a man to look aft] ! 
kids & assi/ :]e ne$$4 ,(t5 ! wet b& is 
divid$1 or :5 "o wet b& has rea*$ !     

numb] ( f five hundr$ to sev5 hundr$    
animals1 ano!r is />t$4   ,,! ,,/ak+    
,,me?od4  ,! /ak+ me?od is q commonly   
us$1 & 9 c]ta9 localities x is probably 
! be/ way to h&le kids4 ,! app>atus     
necess>y is a smoo? piece ( half-in*    
bo>d1 two in*es wide & f\r in*es long1 )
 a hole bor$ 9 ea* end4 ,?r\gh ! hole 9 
"o end a piece ( rope eight in*es long  
is pass$1 & knott$ s t x _c pull out4 ,!
 loose end ( ?is rope is !n made fa/ to 
a /\t /ake :i* is to be driv5 into !    
gr\nd4 ,?r\gh ! hole 9 ! o!r end a piece
 ( rope eighte5 in*es long is pass$ &   
knott$ z 9 ! fir/ end1 9 su* a way t !  
loose end ( ! rope1 :i* is to be fa/5$  
to ! kid's leg1 draws away f ! /ake4 ,:5
 ! app>atus is 9 use ! small /ick ) !   
holes 9 ! ends acts z a swivel to keep !
 rope f tangl+4  ,x is important to     
select a prop] place to tie ! kid4 ,he  
is to /ay 9 ?is place = ab\t six weeks1 
& he ne$s protection f w9ds & wild      
animals1 & %\ld h "s sun%9e & "s %ade4  
,usually a small tree1 a bu%1 a f5ce1 or

 a po/ w (f] a good place to /ake4 ,!   
does :i* are expect$ to kid dur+ ! day  
are sep>at$ f ! flock z 9 ! corral      
me?od4 ,! balance ( ! b& are h]d$1 s t !
 kids dropp$ on ! range c be m easily   
h&l$4 ,j z soon z a kid is dropp$1 x is 
tak5 to a conv5i5t place to /ake1 & ! "m
 coax$ to foll[4 ,"o ( ! kid's legs is  
securely fa/5$ to ! loose end ( ! rope1 
& ! kid & its "m are left toge!r4 ,! "m 
is ?us free to g & fe$1 & on return+ w  
"k exactly :]e to f9d h] kid4  ,_m own]s
 all[ ! does :i* h kidd$ to h]d         
!mselves1 z !y usually return to _!     
kids1 (t5 com+ 9 sev]al times dur+ !    
day4 ,( c\rse ?is necessitates hav+     
pl5ty ( food & wat] )9 access ( ! /ak+  
gr\nd4 ,! wet b& c\ld be h]d$ z 9 !     
corral me?od4  ,9 ?is /ak+ me?od if a "m
 refuses to own h] kid1 or if %e dies1 !
 kid has no *ance to /eal milk f "s o!r 
wet doe1 & unless closely wat*$1 q a    
numb] ( kids w />ve4 ,! rope %\ld be    
*ang$ f "o leg to ! o!r occasionally to 
all[ symmetry ( developm5t4 ,!          

prep>ation ( ropes & /akes = a ?\s& kids
 is q a task1 & x keeps ! en]getic h]d] 
busy dur+ 8 sp>e mom5ts gett+ ready =   
kidd+ "t4  ,= ! fir/ few days ! ,angora 
kid is full ( life & vigor z any animal 
( l age4 ,if he be well n\ri%$1 he w    
frisk & play at all k9ds ( antics1 until
 he is s tir$ t he mu/ =get ev]y?+4 ,!  
sleep :i* comes is s s\nd t any usual   
am\nt ( noise does n di/urb him4 ,x is  
?is *>act]i/ic :i* makes x unsafe to    
take kids on to ! range ) a flock4 ,!   
kids are liable to hide beh9d "s bu%1 g 
to sleep & be lo/4   ,,ca/rat+4  ,be=e !
 kids are all[$ to g out ) ! flock !    
males %\ld be ca/rat$4 ,! ,turk does n  
alt] ! males until !y h develop$        
sexuality & ! male horn1 i4 e41 ! heavy 
*>act]i/ic buck horn4 ,he !n ca/rates by
 ei!r remov+ ! te/icles1 or by twi/+ or 
de/roy+ ! sp]matic cord4 ,:5 ! latt]    
me?od is us$ ! te/icles & cord und]go an
 inflammatory process :i* de/roys !     
reg5]ative p[] ( ! animal4 ,! te/icles  
rema9 9 ! scrotum app>5tly un*ang$4 ,!  

animal ?us treat$ pres5ts to ! casual   
obs]v] ! physical *>act]i/ics ( a buck4 
,! ,turk claims t an animal treat$ 9 ?is
 mann] is less liable to die ?an "o ^:  
te/icles are remov$4 ,?is is probably   
true1 z ! initial lesion produc$ by !   
op]ation is v small1 & !re is less      
liability ( infection4  ,! usual me?od  
employ$ 9 ?is c\ntry is to remove !     
te/icles be=e ! reg5]ative p[] ( !      
animal is develop$4 ,?is gives ! we!r a 
fem99e appe>ance1 & !re is comp>atively 
little dang] ( dea? if ! op]ation is    
prop]ly p]=m$4 ,x w be easie/ to ca/rate
 ! kids betwe5 ! age ( two & f\r weeks4 
,! kids %\ld be driv5 into a small clean
 corral1 & aft] und]go+ ! op]ation !y   
%\ld be turn$ into a l>ge clean         
enclosure4  ,! op]ator /&s on ! outside 
( ! small corral1 & ! assi/ant cat*es ! 
kids & turns !m belly up be=e ! op]ator1
 onto a bo>d :i* has be5 fa/5$ to !     
f5ce4 ,a pair ( clean scissors1 or a %>p
 knife1 :i* may be kept 9 a five p] c5t4
 c>bolic acid solution :5 n 9 use1 s]ve 

to cut (f ! di/al end ( ! scrotum4 ,!   
te/icles are !n seiz$ ) ! f+]s & drawn  
out4 ,! op]ator drops ! ca/rat$ kid into
 ! l>ge enclosure & ! assi/ant pres5ts  
ano!r kid4 ,two m5 c op]ate on sixty    
kids an h\r4 ,! te/icles are slipp]y &  
"s h]d]s pref] to use ! tee? in/ead ( ! 
f+]s to extract ! te/icles4 ,"u no      
circum/ances %\ld any unclean ?+ be put 
into ! scrotum4 ,dea? usually results f 
infection1 & infection f uncleanl9ess4  
,a little boracic acid might be spr9kl$ 
ov] ! cut surface z an additional       
precaution1 b ?is is unnecess>y if      
ord9>y cleanl9ess is obs]v$4 ,if aft] a 
few days ! kid's scrotum swells1 & does 
n dis*>ge1 ! scrotum %\ld be op5$ ) a   
clean in/rum5t4 ,less ?an "o-half ( "o  
p] c5t4 ( ! kids w die f ?is op]ation4  
,,ridgl+s4  ,:ile ca/rat+ ! kids !      
op]ator w discov] t "s ( ! kids h b "o  
desc5d$ te/icle4 ,:5 ^! animals are f\nd
 ! desc5d$ te/icle %\ld be remov$1 & !y 
%\ld be recogniz$ by "s di/9ctive e> m>k
 or br&4 ,^! animals w develop l bucks4 

,x is a disput$ "q z to :e!r !y are able
 to ex]cise reg5]ative p[]1 b !y w cov] 
! does1 & 9 "s cases !y probably get    
kids4 ,! undesc5d$ te/icle c be remov$1 
b z ! te/icle usually lies close to !   
kidney1 & is h>d to di/+ui% f t organ 9 
! "y animal1 x is be/ to delay !        
op]ation until ! ridgl+ is at lea/ six  
mon?s old4 ,! in/rum5ts necess>y = ?is  
op]ation are a /\t rope to susp5d !     
animal1 a clean %>p knife1 scissors to  
remove ! mohair f ! place to be incis$1 
& %>p ne$les ?read$ ) silk4 ,! knife1   
scissors & silk %\ld be imm]s$ 9 a hot  
#e c>bolic acid solution1 & !y %\ld be  
kept 9 ?is solution except :5 actually 9
 use4  ,! rope is fa/5$ to ! h9d legs ( 
! animal & he is susp5d$ 9 midair4 ,an  
assi/ant /eadies ! body ( ! goat4 ,!    
op]ator selects a place on ! lo9 ( !    
goat1 ab\t two or ?ree in*es away f !   
backbone1 bel[ ! ribs & above ! hip     
bone1 on ! side opposite to t :i* !     
desc5d$ te/icle occupi$4 ,he !n %e>s !  
mohair f ?is "p ( ! goat4 ,! mohair %\ld

 be remov$ f a space at lea/ eight in*es
 squ>e4 ,a l5g?wise incision is !n made 
?r\gh ! sk9 & muscles1 or aft] ! sk9 is 
cut1 ! muscles c be sep>at$ ) ! f+]s & !
 te/icle is f\nd4 ,x usually lies close 
to ! backbone1 to ! l[] & inn] side ( ! 
kidney4 ,x is usually undevelop$ & mu*  
small] ?an ! kidney4 ,its surface is    
smoo? & n ind5t$ l ! kidney4 ,:5 x is   
discov]$ x c be )drawn ?r\gh ! op5+1 &  
adh]5t tissue clipp$ ) ! scissors4 ,!   
muscles & sk9 %\ld be br\ght toge!r ) ! 
silk ?read4 ,! ne$les %\ld pi]ce !      
muscles z well z ! sk91 & ! edges ( !   
sk9 %\ld approximate4 ,no hair %\ld be  
all[$ to rema9 betwe5 ! cut surfaces1 z 
! w\nd w n heal rapidly4 ,aft] ! w\nd is
 clos$ "s boracic acid p[d] may be du/$ 
ov] ! w\nd1 & ! goat all[$ 8 fre$om4    
,aft] t5 days or two weeks ! silk ?reads
 %\ld be cut & drawn out1 z !y w n      
absorb1 & !y w irritate ! w\nd4 ,if ?is 
op]ation is c>efully p]=m$1 & /rict     
cleanl9ess adh]$ to1 less ?an #b ( !    
animals op]at$ ^u w die4   ,,gr[?4  ,a  

kid at bir? is usually small & weak1    
possibly weigh+ f f\r to six p\nds4 ,= !
 fir/ few days ( life he gr[s sl[ly1 b z
 ! organs adapt !mselves to ! new life1 
! kid becomes /rong & gr[s rapidly4 ,:5 
! kid is born he is cov]$ ) a co>se     
hair1 & x is n until he is f ?ree to    
five weeks old t ! f9e mohair fib]s     
appe> gr[+ betwe5 ! co>s] hairs4 ,! kid 
cont9ues to gr[ gradually1 & at ?ree or 
f\r mon?s he weighs f tw5ty to =ty      
p\nds4 ,! mohair may n[ be f two to f\r 
in*es long4 ,at a ye> old ! ,angora goat
 w weigh f fifty to eighty p\nds1 & !   
mohair may be z long z twelve in*es1 or 
sometimes long]4   ,,wean+4  ,:5 does   
are br$ once a ye> ! kid %\ld be wean$  
be=e ! doe is rebr$4 ,?is all[s ! doe "t
 to recup]ate be=e h] mat]nal p[]s are  
aga9 br\ght into active s]vice4 ,!n1    
too1 a doe nurs+ a kid ?r\gh ! w9t]1    
ent]s ! spr+ ) a deplet$ sy/em &        
produces a poor quality & small quantity
 ( mohair4 ,! kids %\ld be wean$ :5 !y  
are ab\t five mon?s old1 z ?is all[s !  

"m at lea/ two mon?s re/ be=e %e is     
rebr$4   ,,m>k+4  ,!re are v>i\s reasons
 = m>k+ goats1 & ! me?ods employ$ v>y z 
widely z ! reasons !re=4 ,! object 9    
view is to put "s m>k ( id5tification   
ei!r p]man5t or tempor>y ^u ! animal4 ,!
 e>s may be cropp$ 9 c]ta9 ways1 a br&  
may be plac$ ^u ! nose1 or tags or      
buttons plac$ 9 ! e>s1 or *>act]s       
tattoo$ into ! e>s4 ,probably ! mo/     
p]man5t m>k is ! tattoo1 & if x be plac$
 on ! inn] hairless surface ( ! e>1 x is
 z la/+ z ! tattoo s (t5 se5 9 a man's  
arm4  ,illu/ration     ,,diseases4   ,"s
 ( ! old] bre$]s suppos$ t ! ,angora 0 n
 subject to any disease1 b z goats h be5
 introduc$ into new t]ritory1 !y h      
become affect$ by "s ( ! same tr\bles   
:i* bo!r %eep1 b usually to a less      
degree4 ,"s ( ! wor/ %eep diseases1 su* 
z scab1 d n bo!r goats1 b ! goat has "s 
special compla9ts :i* d n affect %eep4  
,v few c>casses are condemn$ by !       
gov]nm5t meat inspectors at ! l>ge pack+
 c5t]s4 ,tub]culosis is almo/ unkn[n4   

,,lice4  ,ne>ly all goats are infe/$ )  
lice1 a small r$di% l\se1 a goat l\se4  
,lice r>ely kills ! animal infe/$1 b !y 
d annoy ! goat greatly4 ,goats w n fatt5
 readily1 & ! mohair is usually dead    
7lu/]less71 if ! animals are badly      
infe/$4 ,x is an easy matt] to discov] !
 lice4 ,! goats scrat* _! bodies ) _!   
horns & make ! fleece appe> a little    
ragg$4 ,on sep>at+ ! mohair ! lice c    
easily be se5 ) ! nak$ eye4 ,! be/ means
 ( ridd+ ! goats ( ?is annoyance is )   
almo/ any ( ! %eep dips4 ,a dip :i* does
 n /a9 ! mohair %\ld be select$4 ,!     
goats %\ld be dipp$ aft] %e>+1 z x does 
n take mu* dip !n to p5etrate to ! sk94 
,"o dipp+ w usually kill ! lice1 b !    
album9\s coat cov]+ ! nits 7eggs ( !    
l\se71 are n easily p5etrat$1 & x is    
usually necess>y to dip aga9 )9 t5 days1
 s t ! nits1 :i* h hat*$ s9ce ! fir/    
dipp+1 w n h a *ance to mature & deposit
 m eggs4 ,goats c be dipp$ at almo/ any 
"t1 b if 9 full fleece !y w require a   
l>g] quantity ( liquid1 & if ! wea!r is 

v cold1 !re is "s dang]4   ,,/oma*      
,,worms4  ,/oma* worms affect goats1 & 9
 "s in/ances _! ravages prove fatal4    
,!re are a v>iety ( ^! worms1 b ! g5]al 
effect on ! animal is ab\t ! same4 ,!y  
are usually worse 9 wet ye>s4 ,! goats  
affect$ become ?9 & weak4 ,!y usually   
sc\r4 ,sometimes ! worm1 or "p ( ! worm1
 c be f\nd 9 ! feces4 ,^! same symptoms 
are caus$ by />vation1 s ! two %\ld n be
 conf\nd$4 ,!re are _m dr5*es 9 use = ! 
treatm5t ( ?is tr\ble1 & "s ( !         
propriet>y rem$ies h giv5 "s relief4    
,goats runn+ on dry1 high l& are r>ely  
affect$4  ,v]m9\s pneumonia ( %eep may  
also occur 9 goats4   ,,foot ,,rot4     
,foot rot is a disease :i* affects bo?  
goats & %eep1 if !y are kept on l[ wet  
l&4 ,x r>ely proves fatal1 & c be cur$  
if ! cause is remov$1 b x sometimes     
causes a good deal ( tr\ble4 ,! goats'  
feet swell betwe5 ! toes & become s sore
 t ! animals are compell$ to walk on _! 
knees4 ,x c be cur$ by c>efully trimm+ !
 feet & us+ solutions ( blue /one4      

,goats %\ld n be put on wet l&4         
,sometimes ! gl&s ( ! neck enl>ge1 a    
condition kn[n z goitre4 ,?is is        
sometimes fatal ) kids1 b usually cures 
itself4 ,!re is no kn[n rem$y = x1 b x  
is comp>atively r>e4  ,an?rax1          
tub]culosis1 pleuro-pneumonia & m5+itis1
 w affect goats1 b ^! diseases are v    
r>e4 ,"s ( ! s\!rn goats h swoll5 e>s1 b
 :at ! cause ( ?is tr\ble is no "o has  
yet det]m9$4   ,,poisons4  ,!re are     
sev]al plants :i* w poison goats1 b v   
little is kn[n ab\t !m4 ,"s ( ! laurel  
family are responsible = ! dea? ( a good
 _m goats ye>ly1 & "s milk-we$s w kill  
if tak5 9 suffici5t am\nt at c]ta9 times
 ( ! ye>4 ,^! plants %\ld be avoid$ z   
mu* z possible4 ,treatm5t has be5 r     
unsatisfactory4 ,if ! poison$ animal is 
treat$ at once1 an active purgative may 
rid ! sy/em ( ! irritant4 ,epsom salts &
 crot9 oil h giv5 relief4  ,mr4 ,s*re9] 
describes an epidemic ( pleuro-pneumonia
 :i* de/roy$ _m flocks ( ,angora goats 9
 ,s\? ,africa4 ,! disease 0 effectually 

/amp$ out 9 t c\ntry1 & x has nev]      
appe>$ 9 ,am]ican flocks4 ,mr4 ,?ompson 
has describ$ a disease call$ ,takosis1  
:i* 0 suppos$ to h caus$ ! dea? ( _m    
goats 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 & along !      
,miss\ri ,riv] ,valley4 ,"s claim$ t ?is
 tr\ble 0 caus$ by *ange ( climate1 o!rs
 ?\ght t x 0 />vation or lack ( prop]   
c>e4 ,!re is v little evid5ce ( x n[ 9 !
 ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,all 9 all1 ! ,angora   
goat is ! heal?ie/ ( dome/ic animals4   
,illu/ration     ,our ,own ,flocks4   ,9
 #ahfe1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,p4 ,bailey />t$ 9 !   
,angora goat indu/ry4 ,!re 7 !n v few   
,angora goats 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ^? 9 
,cali=nia _h orig9at$ f two ?or\ghbr$   
bucks secur$ f ,col4 ,pet]s ( ,atlanta1 
,georgia4  ,9 #ahff1 ,mr4 ,bailey secur$
 a pair ( ,angoras f ,w4 ,w4 ,*5]y (    
,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,!re 7 two o!r pairs     
secur$ at ?is "t = o!r p>ties1 & ^! ?ree
 does 7 ! fir/ ?or\ghbr$ does br\ght to 
,cali=nia4 ,! fir/ two goats co/ ,mr4   
,bailey #ajjj4 ,! fir/ ?or\ghbr$ ,angora
 kid dropp$ 9 ,cali=nia 0 by ,mr4       

,bailey's doe4  ,9 #ahfi1 ,mr4 ,bailey  
furni%$ money to br+ ! ,br[n  ,diehl    
importation to ,cali=nia1 ) ! und]/&+ t 
he 0 to h fir/ *oice4 ,! ,angoras secur$
 f ?is lot 7 ! be/ goats :i* _h be5     
br\ght to ,cali=nia up to t "t4  ,9     
#ahgf1 ,mr4 ,bailey select$ ! be/ buck (
 ! ,hall  ,h>ris importation1 & paid    
sev5ty-five doll>s s]vice fee = ?ree ( 8
 ,br[n  ,diehl does4 ,lat] he pur*as$   
=ty-"o head f ,hall  ,h>ris4 ,"s ( ^! 7 
! ,br[n  ,diehl goats1 & "s f ! ,hall   
,h>ris importation ( #ahgf4  ,twelve    
ye>s aft] ,mr4 ,bailey comm5c$ bre$+    
,angoras1 he mov$ 8 entire grade-flock1 
consi/+ ( ab\t #ajjj animals1 to        
,nevada1 & ma9ta9$ 8 ?or\ghbr$ flocks 9 
,cali=nia4 ,by c>eful selection1 rigid  
cull+1 & /rict att5tion giv5 8 flocks1  
,mr4 ,bailey _h br\ght !m by #ahib1 to  
an excell5ce beyond any ( ! import$     
/ock4  ,9 #ahic1 ,mr4 ,bailey import$   
two f9e bucks f ,s\? ,africa4 ,an acc\nt
 ( ! buck ,pa%a w be f\nd 9 ?is book4   
,9 #ahii1 ano!r direct importation f    

,s\? ,africa 0 made1 & ! great sire     
,capet[n 0 secur$4  ,9 #aija1 ,dr4 ,w4  
,c4 ,bailey secur$ f\r ( ! be/ ,angoras 
obta9able 9 ,asia ,m9or1 by p]sonal     
selection1 & add$ !m to ! ,bailey       
flocks4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ importation made 9
 ,am]ica f ,asia ,m9or = tw5ty-five     
ye>s4  ,dur+ all ^! ye>s1 s9ce #ahfe1   
,mr4 ,bailey _h be5 con/antly at "w ) 8 
,angora flocks4 ,!re 7 _m h>d%ips to    
ov]come1 & mo/ ( ! orig9al ,angora      
bre$]s gave up ! /ruggle4 ,we hone/ly   
believe t if x _h n be5 = 8 p]sev]ance !
 ,angora indu/ry w\ld n be 9 its pres5t 
prosp]\s condition4   ,regi/]4  ,we h   
be5 keep+ a regi/] ( our /ock1 & ?is    
regi/] is ! olde/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or 
! _w4 ,animals regi/]$ 9 ! ,bailey      
,angora ,goat ,record h a univ]sal /&+4 
,manufactur]s ( ,gloves1 ,robes &       
,trimm+s4  ,! ,angora ,robe & ,glove    
,company 0 e/abli%$ 9 #ahge1 ) ,c4 ,p4  
,bailey z presid5t4 ,lat] ,mr4 ,bailey  
secur$ sole control ( ?is company4 ,we h
 be5 us+ goat sk9s & mohair 9 l>ge      

quantities = ! la/ ?irty ye>s1 & to-day 
,,we ,,pay ,,! ,,highe/ ,,ca% ,,prices  
,,= ,,goat ,,sk9s ,,& ,,mohair4   ,buck 
,selections4  ,f ! above hi/ory x w be  
se5 t we h sev]al diff]5t /ra9s ( bucks 
to (f]1 & ! fact t we h tak5 ! ,gr&     
,prizes & highe/ aw>ds at ! ,new        
,orleans ,_w's ,fair1 #ahhe1 ,*icago    
,_w's ,fair1 #ahic1 ,/4 ,l\is ,_w's     
,fair1 #aijd1 & sweep /akes at ,/ate    
,fairs & ,national ,meet+s = ! la/ ?irty
 ye>s1 %\ld put ^! bucks on ! top4 ,we h
 sold ?\s&s 9 ,unit$ ,/ates1 & !y h giv5
 almo/ univ]sal satisfaction4   ,does4  
,our ?or\ghbr$ does trace _! ance/ry to 
! be/ /ock obta9able4 ,we always h a    
good _m grade ,angora does on ! range1 &
 we are prep>$ to quote prices on       
c>loads1 or small lots4 ,we gladly      
furni% in=mation4      ,c4 ,p4 ,,bailey 
,,sons ,,co41     ,san ,jose1 ,cali=nia4
  ,illu/ration3 ,,p]sian ,,fat ,,tail   
,,%eep  ,9 #ahib1 we receiv$ ! fir/     
importation ( ,p]sian ,fat-,tail$ ,%eep4
 ,!y are v h>dy1 rapid gr[]s 7! lambs   

(t5 ga9+ a p\nd a day = ! fir/ "o hundr$
 days17 good rang]s almo/ free f        
disease1 & to cross onto f9e wool$ %eep 
= mutton & wool1 we consid] !m ( mu*    
value4