,! ,/yle ,book ( ! ,detroit ,news ,= helpful sugge/ions ! editor is behold5 to ! /yle books ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 ! ,univ]sities ( ,miss\ri1 ,i[a & ,montana1 ! ,indianapolis ,news1 ! ,*icago ,h]ald1 & ! ,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/2 to ,newspap] ,writ+ & ,edit+1 by ,will>d ,g4 ,bley]2 ,newspap] ,edit+1 by ,grant ,m4 ,hyde2 ,! ,writ+ ( ,news1 by ,*>les ,g4 ,ross2 & to ! ,new ,york ,tribune = p]mission to make applicable to ,mi*igan its dige/ ( ! libel laws ( ,new ,york4 ,! inscriptions on ! build+ ( ,! ,news1 repr9t$ 9 ?is book 9 boxes1 7 writt5 by ,pr(4 ,fr$ ,n4 ,scott1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,home ,,( ,,! ,,detroit ,,news ,=t ,/reet1 ,second ,av5ue & ,lafayette ,b\lev>d ,f\nd$ by ,james ,edmund ,scripps ,augu/ #bc1 #ahgc ,absorb$ ! subscription li/s ( ! ,detroit ,daily ,union ,july #bg1 #ahgf ,e/abli%$ a ,sunday edition ,nov4 #cj1 #ahhd ,sunday ,news & ,sunday ,tribune comb9$ z ,sunday ,news-,tribune ,octob] #ae1 #ahic ,daily ,tribune m]g$ ) ,! ,news & discont9u$ ,febru>y #a1 #aiae ,gr\nd brok5 = pres5t build+ ,novemb]1 #aiae ,sunday ,news-,tribune became ,! ,sunday ,news ,octob] #ad1 #aiag ,! ,news ent]$ new build+ ,octob] #ae1 #aiag ,! ,,/yle ,,book ,,( ,! ,detroit ,news ,edit$ by ,a4 ,l4 ,,weeks ,publi%$ & ,copyright$ #aiah by ,! ,ev5+ ,news ,association ,detroit ,?is edition consi/s ( #a1jjj copies1 ( :i* ?is is ,no4 #fbe ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,! ,aim ( ,! ,detroit ,news #a ,in/ructions to ,report]s #d ,in/ructions to ,copy ,read]s #f ,prep>+ ,copy #g ,leads #g ,heads #h ,diction #ad ,a4 ,p4 ,/yle #ae ,capitalization #ag ,punctuation #bb ,quotations #bc ,n\ns #bd ,pron\ns #bg ,conjunctions #bh ,v]bs #bi ,adv]bs #cc ,adjectives #cd ,prepositions #cg ,articles #ch ,numb]s #ch ,roman ,num]als #ci ,weights & ,measures #dj ,abbreviation #db ,names & ,titles #de ,jew & ,hebrew #df ,*ur* ,titles #dh ,comp\nds #dh ,sup]flu\s ,words #di ,vital ,/ati/ics #ej ,spell+ #ea ,popul> ,names ( ,railroads #eb ,d & ,don't #ed ,! ,cann]y #eg ,mi*igan ,in/itutions #ei ,army & ,navy ,organization #fj ,dates ,(t5 ,call$ ,= #fb ,! ,law ( ,libel #fd ,fir/ ,?ree ,ye>s ( ! ,w> #gb ,index #gg ,,! ,,aim ,,( ,,! ,,detroit ,,news ,=mation ( a newspap]'s ideals comes ?r\gh a process ( ye>s4 ,! be/ traditions ( ! pa/1 bl5d+ ) hopes ( ! future1 %\ld be ! writ]'s guide = ! day4 ,nov4 #a1 #aiaf1 ! editor-9-*ief ( ,! ,detroit ,news1 9 a lett] to ! manag+ editor1 wrote 8 int]pretation ( ! pr9ciples "u :i* ! /aff %\ld "w1 9 /riv+ t[>d ^? j\rnali/ic ideals to :i* ?is pap] feels itself d$icat$4 ,8 summ>y ( ! be/ practices ( ! pr(ession foll[s3 ,! ,detroit ,news %\ld be3 ,vigor\s1 b n vici\s4 ,int]e/+1 b n s5sational4 ,fe>less1 b fair4 ,accurate z f> z human ef=t c obta9 accuracy4 ,/riv+ ev] to ga9 & imp>t in=mation4 ,z bright z possible1 b nev] sacrific+ solid in=mation = brilliancy4 ,look+ = ! uplift+ r ?an ! deprav$ ?+s ( life4 ,we %\ld "w to h ! ^w ,,reliable /amp$ on e page ( ! pap]4 ,! place to comm5ce ?is is ) ! /aff memb]s3 ,fir/1 gett+ m5 & wom5 ( "* to d ! writ+ & edit+2 & !n tra9+ !m 9 our way ( ?9k+ & h&l+ news & o!r read+ matt]4 ,if y make an error y h two duties to p]=m--"o to ! p]son misrepres5t$ & "o to y\r read+ public4 ,nev] leave ! read] ( ,! ,news mis9=m$ on any subject4 ,if y wrongfully write t a man has done some?+ t he did n d1 or has said some?+ t he did n say1 y d him an inju/ice--t's "o4 ,b y also d ?\s&s ( read]s an inju/ice1 leav+ !m mis9=m$ z to ! "* ( ! man dealt )4 ,corrections %\ld nev] be made grudg+ly4 ,always make !m *e]fully1 fully1 & 9 l>g] type ?an ! error1 if !re is any diff]5ce4 ,! ,am]ican p want to "k1 to le>n1 to get in=mation4 ,to quote a writ]3 ,y\r op9ion is wor? no m ?an y\r in=mation4 ,give !m y\r in=mation & let !m draw _! own conclusions4 ,comm5t %\ld enlight5 by well m>%al$ facts1 & by tell+ ! read]s :at relation an act ( today has to an act ( ye/]day4 ,let !m come to _! own conclusions z f> z possible4 ,no issue is wor? advocat+ t is n /rong en\gh to )/& all ! facts t ! opposition to x c ?r[ aga9/ x4 ,our read]s %\ld be well in=m$ on bo? sides ( e issue4 ,k9dly1 helpful sugge/ions w (t5 direct (ficials 9 ! "r1 :5 nagg+ w make !m /ay /ubbornly on ! wrong side4 ,t does n mean t !re %\ld be any lack ( dilig5ce 9 wat*+ =1 & oppos+1 int5tional crim9als4 ,a /aff c be good & /rong only by hav+ e "p ( x /rong4 ,! mom5t x becomes evid5t t a man1 ei!r by =ce ( circum/ance or because ( 8 own "*1 does n fit into our organization1 y d him a k9dness & d ju/ice to ! pap] by lett+ him "k1 s he c g to a call+ 9 :i* he c succe$1 & w n be 9 ! way ( fill+ ! place ) a compet5t man4 ,no "o on ! /aff %\ld be ask$ to d any?+ t w make him ?9k less ( himself or ! pap]4 ,,make ,,! ,,pap] ,,good ,,all ,,! ,,way ,,?r\gh1 s !re w n be disappo9tm5t on ! "p ( a report] if 8 /ory is n f\nd on ! fir/ page1 b s he w feel t x mu/ h m]it to get into ! pap] at all4 ,avoid mak+ x a front-page pap]4 ,/ories %\ld be brief1 b n meag]4 ,tell ! /ory1 all ( x1 9 z few words z possible4 ,nature makes facts m int]e/+ ?an any report] c imag9e !m4 ,!re is an int]e/+ feature 9 e /ory1 if y w dig x out4 ,if y don't get x1 x is because y don't dig deep en\gh4 ,! mo/ valuable asset ( any pap] is its reputation = tell+ ! tru?2 ! only way to h t reputation is to tell ! tru?4 ,untru? due to c>elessness or excessive imag9ation injures ! pap] z mu* z ?\gh int5tional4 ,ev]yone ) a grievance %\ld be giv5 a respectful & k9dly he>+2 especial consid]ation %\ld be giv5 ! poor & l[ly1 :o may be less capable ( pres5t+ _! claims ?an ^? m favor$ 9 life4 ,a man ( prom95ce & education kn[s h[ to get into ! (fice & pres5t 8 compla9t4 ,a wa%]woman may come to ! door1 timidly1 halt+ly1 sc>cely kn[+ :at to d1 & all ! :ile h] compla9t may be z j z t ( ! o!r compla9ant1 p]haps m s4 ,%e %\ld be receiv$ k9dly & help$ to pres5t :at %e has to say4 ,simple1 pla9 language is /ronge/ & be/4 ,a man ( little education c und]/& x1 :ile ! man ( high] education1 usually read+ a pap] 9 ! ev5+ aft] a day's "w1 w read x ) reli%4 ,!re is nev] any ne$ ( us+ big words to %[ (f "o's le>n+4 ,! object ( a /ory or an editorial is to in=m or conv9ce2 b x is h>d to d ei!r if ! read] has to /udy ov] a big ^w or an involv$ s5t5ce4 ,use pla9 ,engli% all ! "t4 ,a few read]s may und]/& & appreciate a ,lat9 or ,fr5* quotation1 or "o f "s o!r =eign language1 b ! big mass ( our read]s are ! pla9 p1 & su* a quotation w\ld be lo/ on ! majority4 ,be fair4 ,don't let ! libel laws be y\r measure 9 pr9t+ ( a /ory1 b let fairness be y\r measure4 ,if y are fair1 y ne$ n worry ab\t libel laws4 ,always give ! o!r fell[ a he>+4 ,he may be 9 ! wrong1 b ev5 t may be a matt] ( degree4 ,x w\ldn't be fair to picture him z all black :5 !re may be mitigat+ circum/ances4 ,x is n necess>y to tell ! p t we are hone/1 or bright1 or al]t1 or t a /ory appe>$ exclusively 9 our pap]4 ,if true1 ! public w f9d x out4 ,an hone/ man does n ne$ to adv]tise 8 hone/y4 ,"t heals all ?+s b a woman's damag$ reputation4 ,be c>eful & cauti\s & fair & dec5t 9 deal+ ) any man's reputation1 b be d\bly s--& !n "s--:5 a woman's "n is at /ake4 ,d n by direct /atem5t1 je/ or c>eless ref]5ce raise a "q m>k aft] any woman's "n if x c be avoid$--& x usually c be4 ,ev5 if a woman slips1 be g5]\s2 x may be a crisis 9 h] life4 ,pr9t+ ! /ory may drive h] to despair2 k9dly treatm5t may leave h] ) hope4 ,no /ory is wor? ru9+ a woman's life--or a man's1 ei!r4 ,keep ! pap] clean 9 language & ?\ght4 ,pr(ane or sugge/ive words are n necess>y4 ,:5 9 d\bt1 ?9k ( a #ac-ye>-old girl read+ :at y are writ+4 ,d n look on newspap] "w z a game1 ( pitilessly pr9t+ t on :i* y are only half in=m$1 = ! m]e sake ( beat+ "s o!r pap]2 b take x r z a s]i\s1 con/ructive "w 9 :i* y are to use all y\r en]gy & dilig5ce to get all ! wor?-:ile in=mation = y\r read]s at ! e>lie/ possible mom5t4 ,,in/ructions ,,to ,,report]s ,:5 y g aft] a /ory1 make sure t y get all ( x4 ,drill y\rself into se>*+ = facts2 almo/ anybody c write a /ory--x takes real bra9s & res\rcefulness to get "o4 ,y are urg$ to call ! city editor = in/ructions :5ev] 9 d\bt1 & x is a good idea to call z (t5 z possible to keep ! (fice in=m$ & also to get any in=mation on y\r /ory t may h come 9 f o!r s\rces4 ,be=e y write or telephone y\r /ory1 make sure t y h all y\r facts m>%al$ 9 y\r own m9d4 ,a good report] usually plans 8 /ory1 lead & details 9 8 head on 8 way to ! (fice4 ,,nev] ,,guess4 ,,"k ,,:at ,,y ,,are ,,writ+ ,,ab\t4 ,:5 y turn 9 a /ory ,,"k t ev]y?+ 9 t /ory is true--& if y feel !re is a /atem5t y c n prove1 call y\r city editor's att5tion to x4 ,to color or fake a /ory is n newspap] "w--x is pro/itution ( ! pr(ession ( j\rnalism4 ,be sure ( y\r s\rces ( in=mation4 ,nev] take any?+ = grant$--f9d out = y\rself4 ,y w discov] t _m p]sons talk conv9c+ly ab\t ?+s al?\gh !y h no actual k ( ! subject "u discussion4 ,rememb] always t a newspap] has to prove :at x says--& any dec5t newspap] is eag] to4 ,if y don't "k1 tell ! city editor y don't "k4 ,to guess is crim9al because nobody c guess ) any consi/5t degree ( accuracy4 ,& accuracy %\ld be y\r guide4 ,report]s %\ld /udy _! /ories aft] !y are pr9t$1 ) ! realization t any *anges made 9 !m 7 made to bett] !m4 ,ask :y y\r /ories h be5 *ang$ s y\r next /ory w be bett] ?r\gh avoidance ( ! same mi/ake4 ,nev] be afraid to ask anybody any?+4 ,! ma9spr+ ( a good newspap] man is a :olesome curiosity4 ,! ess5tials ( newspap] writ+ are accuracy & simplicity4 ,! newspap] is no place = f9e writ+4 ,simplicity means directness & concis5ess 9 tell+ ! /ory z well z an avoidance ( hifalut9 phrases1 obsolete words & involv$ s5t5ces4 ,walt ,:itman wrote3 ,! art ( arts1 ! glory ( expression1 & ! sun%9e ( ! light ( lett]s1 is simplicity4 ,no?+ is bett] ?an simplicity--no?+ c make up = excess or ! lack ( def9it5ess4 ,e work] on a newspap] kn[s ! value ( accuracy4 ,accuracy is ! god be=e :om all newspap] m5 b[4 ,if "o c\ld analyze ! ef=t put =? 9 "o day 9 ?is (fice1 "o might discov] t p]haps a ?ird ( t ef=t 0 9 an attempt to obta9 accuracy4 ,! city directory is ! newspap] man's ,bible because accuracy is 8 deity4 ,! h>de/ lesson ! j\rnali/ mu/ le>n is ! developm5t ( ! imp]sonal viewpo9t4 ,he mu/ le>n to write :at he sees & he>s1 cle>ly & accurately1 ) nev] a t+e ( bias4 ,8 own views1 8 p]sonal feel+s & 8 fri5d%ips %\ld h no?+ to d ) :at he writes 9 a /ory4 ,! ideal report] w\ld be a man :o c\ld give ! public facts ab\t 8 bitt]e/ enemy ev5 ?\gh su* facts w\ld make ! man he p]sonally hat$ a h]o be=e ! public4 ,9 j\rnalism m ?an 9 any o!r pr(ession does ! advice hold good3 ,bew>e ( y\r fri5ds2 y\r enemies w take c>e ( !mselves4 ,by ?is is meant3 ,le>n well ! code ( e?ics :i* gov]ns y\r pr(ession1 & :5 any man 9 ! guise ( fri5d%ip asks y to violate t code1 y may say to him1 ,if y 7 truly my fri5d1 y w\ld n ask me to d ?is any m ?an y w\ld ask a physician z a matt] ( fri5d%ip to p]=m an illegal op]ation1 or a lawy] to /oop to %y/] practices4 ,supply+ 8 editors ) ! tru?1 ! :ole tru? & no?+ b ! tru?1 is ! only mission ( ! report]1 & any man :o asks ! report] to deviate f t pr9ciple asks t :i* is di%one/4 ,,be ,,true ,?omas ,c>lyle3 ,to e writ] we might say3 ,be true1 if y w\ld be believ$4 ,let a man b speak =? ) g5u9e e>ne/ness ! ?\ght1 ! emotion1 ! actual condition ( 8 own he>t2 & o!r m51 s /rangely are we all knit toge!r by ! tie ( sympa?y1 mu/ & w give he$ to him4 ,9 culture1 9 ext5t ( view1 we may /& above ! speak]1 or bel[ him2 b 9 ei!r case1 8 words1 if !y are e>ne/ & s9c]e1 w f9d "s response )9 u2 = 9 spite ( all casual v>ieties 9 outw>d rank or inw>d1 z face answ]s to face1 s does ! he>t ( man to man4 ---------------------------------------- --- 444 ,,voice ,,( ,,! ,,l[ly ,,& ,,oppress$ 444 ,,advocate ,,( ,,! ,,fri5dless 444 ,,right] ,,( ,,public ,,& ,,private ,,wrongs4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,in/ructions ,,to ,,copy ,,read]s ,! copy read]'s position c>ries ) x l>g] responsibilities ?an ! position ( any o!r memb] ( ! /aff4 ,he c m> or ru9 a good /ory2 he c r$eem ! poor /ory2 he c save ! report] f errors ( commission or omission 9 ! matt] ( 8 /ory or 9 ! mann] ( its writ+4 ,no matt] h[ accompli%$ a writ] a report] may be1 ! copy read] :o h&les 8 /ory c de/roy 8 product4 ,!n1 too1 x is ! function ( ! copy read]1 if he believes t a bett] /ory c be writt5 ) ! same facts z a basis1 to sugge/ to ! city editor t ! /ory be rewritt5 by ! report]1 by ano!r report] or by ! copy read] himself4 ,because a man is read+ copy1 he %\ld n imag9e t he is n to write a /ory or rewrite "o :5 occasion dem&s4 ,*>les ,g4 ,ross writes3 ,8 ! copy read]'s "w is critical r ?an creative4 ,x is de/ructive s f> z errors ( gramm>1 violations ( news /yle & libel are conc]n$4 ,b if 8 s5se ( news is ke51 z t ( e copy read] %\ld be1 he w f9d abundant opportunity = some?+ m ?an me*anical deletion & int]l9eation4 ,he may ins]t a t]se bit ( explanation to cle> away obscurity1 or may add a piquant t\* t w r$eem a /ory f dullness4 ,to ! degree t he edits news ) sympa?y & und]/&+1 ) a cle> p]ception ( news values1 8 "w may be reg>d$ z creative4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 he conceives x 8 duty to r$uce all writ+ to a dead level ( m$iocrity 99 99 99 99 he ri*ly des]ves ! epi!t t is c]ta9 to be hurl$ at ! copy read] by ! report] ^: f9e phrases h be5 cut out--he is 9 tru? a 'but*]' ( copy4 ,dr4 ,will>d ,g4 ,bley] writes3 ,! read+ & edit+ ( copy consi/s ( 7#a7 correct+ all errors :e!r 9 expression or 9 fact2 7#b7 mak+ ! /ory con=m to ! /yle ( ! newspap]2 7#c7 improv+ ! /ory 9 any respect2 7#d7 elim9at+ libel\s matt]2 7#e7 m>k+ copy = ! pr9t]2 7#f7 writ+ headl9es & subheads4 ,,le>n+ ,,! ,,meti] ,said ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son to a pa9t] fri5d3 ,y pa9t] *aps make lots ( /udies1 don't y8 ,& y don't frame !m all & s5d !m to ! ,salon1 d y8 ,y j /ick !m up on ! /udio wall = a bit1 & pres5tly y te> !m up & make m4 ,& y copy ,velasquez & ,rembr&t & ,v&yke & ,corot2 & f ea* y le>n "s little trick ( ! bru%1 "s obscure little po9t ( te*nic4 ,& y "k damn well t x is ! k ?us acquir$ t w enable y lat] on to deliv] y\r own message ) a f9e & confid5t bravado4 ,y are simply le>n+ y\r meti]2 & believe me1 mon *]1 an arti/ 9 any l9e )\t ! meti] is j a bl9d man ) a /ick4 ,n[1 9 ! lit]>y l9e ,i am simply do+ :at y pa9t] m5 are do+ 9 ! pictorial l9e--le>n+ ! meti]4 ,,prep>+ ,,copy ,use ! typewrit]4 ,see t ! keys are clean4 ,use triple space4 ,write on "o side ( ! pap]4 ,d n pa/e %eets toge!r4 ,leave wide m>g9s on bo? sides & at ! top4 ,write y\r "n & a brief description ( ! /ory 9 two or ?ree words at top ( fir/ %eet4 ,numb] %eets4 ,nev] write p]p5dicul>ly 9 ! m>g94 ,nev] divide a ^w f "o page to ano!r1 & if possible d n divide a ^w f "o l9e to ! next4 ,try to make ea* page end ) a complet$ p>agraph to aid ! compos+ room 9 sett+ ! /ory 9 takes4 ,:5 necess>y to write 9 long h&1 und]score u & ov]score n1 & pr9t prop] names & unusual words4 ,r+ p]iods or write x to /& = !m4 ,:5 !re is a *ance t a ^w int5tionally misspell$ w be *ang$ by ! pr9t]1 write ,foll[ ,copy 9 ! m>g94 ,ind5t deeply = p>agraphs4 ,use an end-m>k to indicate y\r /ory is complet$4 ,avoid int]l9+ by cross+ out ! s5t5ce y desire to correct & writ+ x aga94 ,save "t = y\r (fice by c>e 9 writ+ & edit+4 ,a little ?\ght be=e sett+ d[n a s5t5ce w save y ! tr\ble ( rewrit+ & ! copy read] ! annoyance ( read+ untidy copy4 ,,leads ,!re is g5]ally a bett] way to beg9 a /ory ?an ) ,a1 ,an1 ,!1 ,x is1 ,!re is1 ,!re are4 ,avoid beg9n+ a /ory ) figures1 b :5 ?is mu/ be done1 !n spell out1 z3 ,t5 ?\s& m5 m>*$ away today4 ,! compreh5sive ,a4 ,p4 lead is g5]ally pref]able1 b 9 writ+ "s /ories1 p>ticul>ly feature /ories1 a report] may f9d a m effective lead ?an ! s5t5ce or s5t5ces t summ>ize ! /ory4 ,rememb] t y\r read]'s "t may be limit$ & t if y\r /ory beg9s ) a /rik+ s5t5ce1 arre/+ ei!r because ( :at x says or ! mann] 9 :i* x says x1 y\r /ory w be read4 ,,! ,,cuttlefi% ,he t uses _m words = ! expla9+ ( any subject do?1 l ! cuttlefi%1 hide himself 9 8 own ink4--,anon4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,,be>] ,,( ,,intellig5ce 444 ,,dispell] ,,( ,,ignorance ,,& ,,prejudice 444 ,a ,,light ,,%9+ ,,into ,,all ,,d>k ,,places4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,,heads ,! head1 says ,ross1 is an adv]tisem5t1 & l all good adv]tisem5ts x %\ld be hone/1 hold+ out no promise t ! /ory does n fulfill4 ,x %\ld be bas$ on ! facts z set =? 9 ! /ory & no?+ else4 ,! head %\ld be a bullet9 or summ>y ( ! important facts1 n a m]e label4 ,x is usually be/ to base ! head on ! lead ( ! /ory4 ,! fir/ deck %\ld tell ! mo/ important feature4 ,e succe$+ deck %\ld contribute new in=mation1 n m]ely expla9 previ\s /atem5ts or repeat !m 9 diff]5t language4 ,! function ( ! head is to tell ! facts1 n to give ! writ]'s comm5t on ! facts4 ,! head = ! feature /ory1 ! special dep>tm5t1 ! editorial or ! illu/ration may prop]ly be a title t sugge/s ! mat]ial x adv]tises in/ead ( summ>iz+ x4 ,inde$1 ! success ( a feature /ory (t5 dep5ds on its hav+ a head t directs ! read] to ! /ory & ar\ses 8 curiosity 9 x )\t disclos+ ! mo/ int]e/+ cont5t4 ,head writ]s %\ld bew>e ( reveal+ 9 ! head ! surprise ( a /ory1 if x has "o4 ,nev] turn 9 a head t y guess w fit4 ,make sure4 ,heads t are too long cause delay & confusion4 ,z a g5]al rule write heads 9 ! pres5t t5se4 ,pr9cipal words %\ld n be repeat$4 ,d n1 h[ev]1 use impossible synonyms1 z can9e = dog or inn = hotel4 ,make e deck complete 9 itself4 ,use articles sp>+ly4 ,occasionally !y are ne$$4 ,obs]ve ! diff]5ce 9 mean+ betwe5 ,k+ ,george ,takes ,little ,liquor & ,k+ ,george ,takes a ,little ,liquor4 ,avoid su* ov]work$ & awkw>d words z probe1 rap1 quiz1 ,russ4 ,nev] abbreviate ,presid5t to ,pres4 ,avoid end+ a l9e ) a preposition1 an article or a conjunction1 z1 ,,to ,,make ,,plans ,,= ,,am]ican ,,def5se ,d n divide phrases1 z1 ,,cut ,,9 ,,s*$ule ,k ,,is ,,probable ,,camp ,,picks ,,all- ,,am]ican ,,team ,try to make ea* l9e ( ! fir/ deck a unit1 z1 ,,po/(fice ,,robb$ ,,by ,,b& ,,( ,,tramps ,,t>iff ,,bo>d ,,reports ,,on ,,all ,,wool ,,s*$ules ,,/ory ,,( ,,dy+ ,,man ,,reop5s ,,graft ,,case ,obs]ve t 9 read+ ^! heads !re is a natural pause t comes at ! end ( ! l9e4 ,! same pr9ciple may gov]n ! writ+ ( ?ree-l9e heads1 z1 ,,"o ,,girl',s ,,act ,,prev5ts #fj1jjj ,,f ,,work+ ,,wayne ,,m5 ,,want ,,canal ,,to ,,connect ,,city ,,) ,,detroit ,9 ! head j writt5 obs]ve t ! fir/ l9e has few] lett]s because x conta9s two ,w's & an ,m4 ,ei!r an ,m or a ,w is equal to a lett] & a half1 & an ,i & a space are ea* equal to half a lett]4 ,! fir/ l9e conta9s #ad units2 ! second l9e conta9s #ae units2 ! ?ird l9e conta9s #ae units4 ,& yet ! fir/ l9e conta9s #ad lett]s & spaces1 ! second #af1 & ! ?ird #ag4 ,e deck %\ld conta9 a v]b1 express$ or impli$4 ,9 ?is head1 ,,?ieves ,,busy ,,9 ,,nor? ,,end ! v]b are is und]/ood4 ,if ! subject ( ! v]b 9 ! fir/ deck is n writt51 x %\ld be ! fir/ ^w ( ! second deck1 z1 ,,inve/igate ,,wet ,,victory ,texas ,s5ators ,all ,agre$ to ,inquire ,into ,late ,election4 ,omit all =ms ( ! v]b to be :5ev] possible4 ,?is head1 ,,ask$ ,,h[ ,,he ,,got ,,/ol5 ,,automobile is m effective ?an ?is1 ,,is ,,ask$ ,,h[ ,,he ,,got ,,! ,,/ol5 ,,automobile ,avoid expressions t are awkw>d because ( omission ( "s =m ( ! v]b to be su* z ?is3 ,u4 ,s4 ,,wea!r ,,man ,,says ,,summ] ,,"h ,negatives %\ld be avoid$4 ,! head %\ld z a rule tell :at happ5$1 n :at did n happ54 ,avoid ! ^w may4 ,! head %\ld z a rule tell :at happ5$1 n :at is go+ to take place1 p]haps4 ,bew>e ( heads t conta9 words ( d\ble mean+1 z1 ,,nurses ,,hope ,,to ,,w9 ,,game ,! ^w nurses may be tak5 z a n\n or a v]b4 ,9 ?is head ! fir/ ^w might be read z a n\n or z a v]b3 ,,sc\ts ,,claim ,,kais] ,,is ,,to ,,blame ,,= ,,w> ,use z little punctuation z possible 9 ! fir/ deck4 ,avoid allit]ation4 ,use few abbreviations4 ,use figures sp>+ly4 ,ins]t subheads 9 long /ories at int]vals ( #aej to #bjj words4 ,use at lea/ two subheads or none4 ,:5 !re is a p>agraph end+1 ,! ,presid5t spoke z foll[s31 place ! subhead be=e ?is p>agraph & n betwe5 x & ! quot$ matt]4 ,avoid su* make%ift con/ructions z ,m ,a ,y ,o ,r ,,w ,,resign1 ,,said ,,wilson ,,won',t ,,reply1 ,,rumor ,avoid beg9n+ a head ) quotation m>ks because ! :ite space de/roys ! balance ( ! head4 ,:5 x is unavoidable1 use s+le quotation m>ks4 ,avoid heads 9 :i* a da% takes ! place ( says1 z1 ,,%ipp+ ,,bo>d ,,mu/ ,,g--,,wilson ,:5 ?is /yle is necess>y1 use quotation m>ks4 ,x is p]missible to make ! fir/ deck ( a head a quotation )\t quotation m>ks1 writ+ ! "n ( ! p]son quot$ 9 full-face caps imm$iately bel[ ! deck4 ,"o ne$ seldom resort to ?is exp$i5t4 ,be c>eful ( ! pres5t t5se 9 writ+ ( hi/orical ev5ts4 ,! head on a /ory ab\t ! legality ( ,*ri/'s trial %\ld n read1 ,,jesus ,,*ri/ ,,is ,,illegally ,,sla9 nor %\ld x read ,,jesus ,,*ri/ ,,0 ,,illegally ,,sla9 b x %\ld read ,,says ,,*ri/ ,,0 ,,illegally ,,sla9 ,rememb] always 9 writ+ heads t al?\gh a newspap] man seldom reads m ?an ! fir/ deck1 decid+ by t :e!r to read ! /ory1 _m read]s ( ! pap] read no m ?an ! head1 & = !m x %\ld summ>ize ! /ory1 embody+ all its sali5t features4 ,,gramm> ,! mo/ common errors 9 gramm> to be f\nd 9 copy are 93 ,! agreem5t ( a v]b ) its subject4 ,! relation ( pron\ns to _! antec$5ts4 ,! position ( p>ticiples 9 relation to ! words !y modify4 ,! use ( co-ord9ate conjunctions to connect elem5ts ( ! same k9d4 ,! position ( correlative conjunctions ) relation to ! elem5ts !y connect4 ,to ga9 grace 9 writ+ "o mu/ ei!r be born ) a natural aptitude 9 ! use ( words--& su* m53 ,/ev5son1 ,poe1 ,walt] ,pat] & o!rs1 are g5iuses--or "o mu/ /udy ! writ+s ( ^! ma/]s ( prose & attempt to discov] ! secret ( _! success4 ,x is n necess>y t a good writ] %\ld "k rules ( gramm>1 b he mu/ "k en\gh to obs]ve !m4 ,a writ] may be unable to tell :y a dangl+ p>ticiple is faulty ,engli% by te/+ x ) a rule1 b he may nev]!less avoid su* a con/ruction because 8 e> tells him x is n ! be/ /yle4 ,copies ( ! be/ gramm>s may be f\nd 9 ! (fice libr>y & %\ld be consult$ :5 report]s & copy read]s are 9 d\bt4 ,,simplicity ,9 "*1 9 mann]s1 9 /yle & 9 all ?+s ! supreme excell5ce is simplicity4--,longfell[4 ,,notes ,,diction ,! newspap] writ] mu/ bew>e ( two pitfalls 9 writ+3 ,f9e writ+ & dialect4 ,/ilt$ ,engli%1 pomp\s & high-s\nd+1 is 9 j z bad ta/e z g>i% clo?+ or pung5t p]fume4 ,report]s (t5 give to _! /ories a wordy & turgid flavor by _! refusal to repeat a ^w1 pref]r+ a synonym4 ,"o (t5 sees su* s5t5ces z ?is3 ,! policeman took 8 pi/ol away z he 0 ab\t to %oot at ! bluecoat's p>tn]1 ano!r (fic] ( ! law4 ,?is is a q unnecess>y avoidance ( ! repetition ( ! ^w policeman4 ,f9e writ+ is q out ( place at all times 9 a newspap] & is p>ticul>ly obnoxi\s :5 a report] quotes a p]son ( inf]ior m5tality 9 poli%$--or :at ! report] ?9ks are poli%$--phrases4 ,?+s l ?is %\ldn't get into ! pap]3 ,x is ) poignant grief t ,i gaze on ! torn frame ( my de> sp\se1 said ,mrs4 ,s[ikicki1 z %e /ood beside a slab 9 ! morgue4 ,on ! o!r h& report]s %\ld n try to be funny at ! exp5se ( someone inexp]t 9 ! use ( ! language4 ,if a p]son int]view$ uses bad gramm>1 correct him :5 y write ! /ory4 ,to make a p]son say ,hadn't ought to ( or ,ha9't got no is n only insult+ to t p]son & to y\r read]s1 b is poor com$y4 ,dialect mu/ be absolutely accurate if x is us$4 ,f9ley ,pet] ,dunne c write ,iri% dialect & n _m o!r p]sons 9 ,am]ica c write z good4 ,probably no report] on ,! ,news c write x4 ,dialect t might hurt ! feel+s ( o!rs :o speak ! same way %\ld n be us$4 ,9 fact z a g5]al rule3 ,,don',t ,,write ,,dialect4 ,! greate/ ma/]s ( humor1 su* z ,moli]e1 ,c]vantes1 ,%akespe>e1 ,m>k ,twa91 h obta9$ _! be/ effects by writ+ _! language /raight=w>dly4 ,,! ,,grit ,,( ,,compact1 ,,cle> ,,tru? ,i began to compose by imitat+ o!r au?ors4 ,i admir$1 & ,i work$ h>d to get1 a smoo?1 ri*1 classic /yle4 ,! passion ,i aft]w>ds =m$ = ,he9e's prose =c$ me f ?is slav]y1 & taught me to aim at naturalness4 ,i seek n[ to get back to ! utmo/ simplicity ( expression1 to disuse ! v]bosity ,i tri$ s h>d to acquire1 to get ! grit ( compact1 cle> tru?1 if possible1 in=mal & direct4 ,x is v difficult4 ,i %\ld advise any beg9n] to /udy ! racie/1 /ronge/1 be/ spok5 spee* & let ! pr9t$ spee* alone2 t is to say1 to write /raight f ! ?\ght )\t bo!r+ ab\t ! mann]1 except to con=m to ! _s or g5ius ( ! language4 ,i once ?\ght ,lat9iz$ diction 0 to be invit$2 ,i n[ ?9k ,lat9iz$ expression is to be gu>d$ aga9/4--,w4 ,d4 ,h[ells4 ,a4 ,p4 ,,/yle ,:at ,m4 ,e4 ,/one says to 8 correspond5ts on /ory writ+ may be read ) pr(it by any newspap] man4 ,! foll[+ is clipp$ f ! mon?ly bullet9 issu$ by ! ,associat$ ,press to its correspond5ts3 ,a pla9 /atem5t ( fact is ! be/ introduction to a news /ory4 ,a simple1 direct /yle--:i* does n mean a wood5 /yle--is always desirable4 ,9 ! op5+ s5t5ce x is ( p>ticul> value4 ,! news :i* a /ory conta9s is ! "o ?+ :i* entitles x to place 9 ! ,associat$ ,press report4 ,x is ! news1 n ! mann] ( tell+ ! news1 on :i* ! /ory mu/ /&4 ,x is !re=e ess5tial to pres5t ! vital po9t at ! outset1 9 su* =m z w enable ! read] to grasp x quickly1 cle>ly & easily4 ,= ?is purpose !re is no acceptable sub/itute = pla9 ,engli%4 ,9 an ef=t to make ! mo/ vivid & emphatic impression at ! op5+1 objectionable =ms ( con/ruction (t5 are employ$4 ,a highly-color$ or /ra9$ introduction almo/ always fails ( its purpose ( enli/+ int]e/ at once1 s9ce x t5ds to div]t ! att5tion ( ! read] f ! subject-matt] ( ! /ory to ! writ]'s mann] ( tell+ x4 ,?is r5d]s ! introduction cl\dy & less5s int]e/ in/ead ( /imulat+ x4 ,once ! ma9 po9t is e/abli%$1 ! well kn[n rules ( news writ+ %\ld be obs]v$4 ,to say t ',william ,br[n may obta9 a fair trial 9 ,gre5e ,c\nty1' ,judge ,smi? s rul$ today1 is to mis/ate ! facts4 ,x places ! ,associat$ ,press on record z mak+ a /atem5t made by ! c\rt4 ,use ( ?is & simil> introductory s5t5ces :i* require subsequ5t qualification is objectionable4 ,op5+ s5t5ces frequ5tly lose directness & cle>ness because ( ! ef=t to cr[d too mu* into !m4 ,all t is ess5tial is to cov] ! vital po9t1 leav+ details = subsequ5t n>ration4 ,introductions mu/ be imp>tial4 ,x is possible to take almo/ any giv5 set ( /atem5ts & pres5t !m 9 su* a way z to convey any "o ( sev]al %ades ( mean+4 ,?is may dep5d m]ely on ! ord] ( pres5tation4 ,associat$ ,press /ories mu/ be accurate & accuracy involves n only ! tru?fulness ( individual /atem5ts b ! co-relation ( ^! /atem5ts 9 su* a way z to convey to ! read] a fair & unbias$ impression ( ! /ory z a :ole4 ,an acc\nt ( a c\rt proce$+1 a political debate1 or any o!r ev5t :i* involves conflict+ claims or int]e/s1 %\ld n be introduc$ by s+l+ out a p>ticul> phase ( ! /ory :i* is limit$ to "o side ( ! controv]sy1 simply because t is ! mo/ /rik+ feature4 ,su* a =m ( introduction t5ds to place ! emphasis on "o side ( ! case1 giv+ bias to ! entire /ory4 ,/]eotyp$ introductions %\ld be avoid$4 ,"o ( ! mo/ common is ! ,:5 introduction1 z3 ,two m5 7 kill$ :5 a tra9 /ruck 444 etc4 ,if & ,aft] (t5 are us$ simil>ly4 ,inv]t$ s5t5ces are also frequ5t2 z ,t ! prison] 0 guilty 0 ! op9ion express$ by 444 etc4 ,con/ant employm5t ( ^! fix$ /yles becomes monoton\s4 ,moreov]1 x is possible to /ate ! facts m simply1 directly & effectively )\t !m4 ,,broad5 ,,! ,,vocabul>y ,edw>d ,h>lan ,web/] gives ?is excell5t advice on h[ to broad5 ! vocabul>y3 ,practice is ! fir/ aid4 ,actually get hold ( new words & !n use !m4 ,y w p]ceive t y w n />tle o!rs s mu* z y\rself4 ,gradually ! words w beg9 to assume a /&+ 9 y\r vocabul>y1 & be=e long1 !y w seem l old fri5ds4 ,to obta9 ^! words1 v>i\s practical me?ods are possible4 ,"h are a few3 #a4 ,f9d synonyms = words :i* y h a t5d5cy to ov]use4 #b4 ,record words ) :i* y are famili> b y nev] use--& !n "w !m4 #c4 ,make a li/ ( important1 unfamili> words :i* y he>1 or discov] 9 y\r read+4 #d4 ,li/5 c>efully to ! conv]sations or addresses ( educat$ p4 #e4 ,if possible1 try to translate f a =eign language4 ,9 ?is way a f9e p]ception ( %ades ( mean+1 almo/ unatta9able by any o!r me?od1 is acquir$4 #f4 ,get int]e/$ 9 ! diction>y1 :]e y c trace ! life hi/ory ( words4 ,,! ,,pictorial ,,p[] ,,( ,,words ,words h a consid]able %>e 9 excit+ ideas ( beauty--!y affect ! m9d by rais+ 9 x ideas ( ^? ?+s = :i* cu/om has appo9t$ !m to /&4 ,words1 by _! orig9al & pictorial p[] h great influ5ce ov] ! passions2 if we comb9e !m prop]ly1 we may give new life & beauty to ! simple/ object4 ,9 pa9t+1 we may repres5t any f9e figure we please1 b we nev] c give x ^? enliv5+ t\*es :i* x may receive f words4 ,= example1 we c repres5t an angel 9 a picture by draw+ a "y man w+$3 b :at pa9t+ c furni% out any?+ s gr& z ! addition ( "o ^w--'! angel ( ! ,"l'8 ,is !re any pa9t+ m gr& & beautiful8--,edmund ,burke4 ,,capitalization ,capitalize titles prec$+ names1 z1 ,*ief ( ,detectives ,fox1 ,g54 ,bell4 ,l[]-case titles foll[+ names1 z ,john ,d[ney1 sup]9t5d5t ( police1 except ^! :i* are capitaliz$ always3 ,presid5t ,vice-,presid5t ,cab9et ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,gov]nm5t ,adm9i/ration ,supreme ,c\rt ,gov]nor 7( ,mi*igan74 ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor 7( ,mi*igan74 ,mayor 7( ,detroit74 ,supreme ,c\rt 7( ,mi*igan74 ,judges & ,ju/ices ( all c\rts ( record4 ,! names ( all c\rts ( record4 ,k+1 ,emp]or1 ,cz>1 ,kais]1 ,sultan1 ,vic]oy1 etc4 ,! ,cr[n ,pr9ce4 ,! ,duke ( ,blank4 ,! ,pr9ce ( ,da%4 ,d n capitalize =m] prec$+ a title1 z =m] ,s5ator ,wilson4 ,=m] is pref]r$ to ex-4 ,capitalize ! full names ( associations1 clubs1 societies1 companies1 etc41 z ,mi*igan ,equal ,suffrage ,association1 ,detroit ,club1 ,society = ! ,prev5tion ( ,cruelty to ,animals1 ,/> ,publi%+ ,company4 ,! prec$+ su* a "n is n to be capitaliz$4 ,d n capitalize association1 club1 etc41 :5 n atta*$ to a specific "n4 ,capitalize univ]sity1 college1 academy1 etc41 :5 "p ( a title1 z ,univ]sity ( ,detroit1 ,olivet ,college4 ,b d n capitalize :5 ! plural is us$1 z ! /ate univ]sities ( ,mi*igan1 ,kansas & ,ohio4 ,capitalize ! fir/ ^w aft] a colon 9 giv+ a li/1 z1 ,! foll[+ 7 elect$3 ,presid5t1 ,william ,jones2 vice-presid5t1 ,sam ,smi?1 etc4 ,try ?is m5u3 ,rice1 milk & fruit4 ,:5 ! colon is us$ m]ely to indicate a long] pause ?an a semicolon1 x is n foll[$ by a capital1 z1 ,a tire blew out3 ! c> skidd$3 we 7 9 ! dit*4 ,capitalize build+1 hall1 h\se1 hotel1 !at]1 hospital1 etc41 :5 us$ ) a di/+ui%+ "n1 z ,book ,build+1 ,hull ,h\se1 ,cadillac ,hotel1 ,g>rick ,!at]1 ,h>p] ,hospital4 ,capitalize ! names ( f$]al & /ate dep>tm5ts & bureaus1 z ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,/ate ,insurance ,dep>tm5t1 ,bureau ( ,vital ,/ati/ics4 ,b l[]-case municipal dep>tm5ts1 z fire dep>tm5t1 wat] & light dep>tm5t1 /reet dep>tm5t4 ,capitalize ! names ( national legislative bodies1 z ,congress1 ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives or ,h\se1 ,s5ate1 ,p>liam5t1 ,rei*/ag1 ,duma1 ,*amb] 7,france74 ,capitalize /ate legislature & synonym\s t]ms 7legislature1 assembly1 g5]al assembly7 only :5 ! ,mi*igan ,legislature is meant4 ,capitalize ! names ( all political p>ties1 9 ?is & o!r c\ntries1 z ,democratic1 ,republican1 ,progressive1 ,sociali/1 ,lib]al1 ,tory1 ,union4 ,b d n capitalize ^! or simil> words1 or _! d]ivatives1 :5 us$ 9 a g5]al s5se1 z republican =m ( gov]nm5t1 democratic t5d5cies1 sociali/ic views4 ,capitalize pole1 isl&1 i/hmus1 cape1 ocean1 bay1 riv]1 & 9 g5]al all su* geographical t]ms :5 us$ 9 specific names1 z ,nor? ,pole1 ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 ,cape ,hatt]as1 ,hudson ,bay1 ,pacific ,ocean1 ,mississippi ,riv]1 ,i/hmus ( ,panama4 ,capitalize c\nty :5 us$ 9 a specific "n1 z ,wayne ,c\nty4 ,capitalize ! ,ea/1 ! ,we/1 ! ,middle ,we/1 ! ,ori5t & o!r t]ms us$ = def9ite regions2 b d n capitalize ea/1 we/1 etc41 :5 us$ m]ely to designate direction or po9t ( compass1 z we/ ( "h4 ,d n capitalize we/]n]1 s\!rn]1 we/]n /ates & o!r su* d]ivatives4 ,capitalize sections ( a /ate1 z ,upp] ,p59sula1 ,we/]n ,mi*igan1 etc41 b n ! nor!rn "p ( ,mi*igan1 etc4 ,capitalize1 :5 us$ ) a di/+ui%+ "n1 w>d1 prec9ct1 squ>e1 g>d51 p>k1 etc41 z ,fir/ ,w>d1 ,eigh? ,prec9ct1 ,cadillac ,squ>e1 ,madison ,squ>e ,g>d51 ,palm] ,p>k4 ,capitalize ,jr4 & ,sr4 aft] a "n4 ,capitalize room1 etc41 :5 foll[$ by a numb] or lett]1 z ,room #ah1 ,dime ,bank ,build+2 ,p>lor ,c1 ,norm&ie ,hotel4 ,capitalize di/9ctive names ( localities 9 cities1 z ,nor? ,end1 ,nob ,hill1 ,back ,bay1 ,happy ,holl[4 ,capitalize ! names ( holidays & days obs]v$ z holidays by *ur*es1 z ,f\r? ( ,july1 ,dom9ion ,day1 ,good ,friday1 ,yom ,kippur1 ,columbus ,day1 ,wa%+ton's ,bir?day4 ,capitalize ! names ( notable ev5ts & ?+s1 z ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 ! ,w> ( #ahab1 ! ,revolution1 ! ,re=mation1 ! ,civil ,w>1 ! ,battle ( ! ,m>ne4 ,capitalize *ur* :5 us$ z a specific "n1 z ,nor? ,woodw>d ,me?odi/ ,*ur*1 ,fir/ ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,b write3 a ,me?odi/ *ur*1 a ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,capitalize ! names ( all religi\s d5om9ations1 z ,bapti/1 ,quak]1 ,mormon1 ,me?odi/4 ,capitalize names = ! ,bible1 z ! ,holy ,scriptures1 ! ,book ( ,books4 ,b d n capitalize adjectives d]iv$ f su* names1 z biblical1 scriptural4 ,capitalize all names & pron\ns us$ = ! ,deity4 ,capitalize ! ,la/ ,supp]1 ,"l's ,pray]1 ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ,book ( ,ru?1 etc4 ,capitalize ! names ( races & nationalities1 z ,italian1 ,am]ican1 ,indian1 ,gypsy1 ,caucasian & ,negro4 ,capitalize titles ( specific treaties1 laws1 bills1 etc41 z ,treaty ( ,gh5t1 ,elev5? ,am5dm5t1 ,workm5's ,comp5sation ,act1 ,good ,roads ,bill4 ,b :5 ! ref]5ce is g5]al use l[]-case1 z ! good roads legislation ( ! la/ congress4 ,capitalize su* t]ms z ,/>s & ,/ripes1 ,old ,glory1 ,union ,jack1 ,/>s & ,b>s1 etc4 ,capitalize ,u4 ,s4 ,army & ,navy4 ,capitalize names ( milit>y organizations1 z ,fir/ ,regim5t1 ,b ,company 7d n quote lett]71 ,national ,gu>d1 ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic1 ,mi*igan ,/ate ,militia1 ,univ]sity ,cadet ,corps 7b ,univ]sity cadets74 ,capitalize su* names z ,triple ,alliance1 ,triple ,ent5te1 ,quadruple ,ent5te1 ,allies 79 ! ,european w>74 ,capitalize ! fanciful titles ( cities & /ates1 z ! ,city ( ! ,/raits1 ! ,buckeye ,/ate4 ,capitalize ! nicknames ( base ball1 foot ball & o!r a?letic teams1 z ,*icago ,cubs1 ,bo/on ,braves1 ,tig]s4 ,capitalize epi!ts affix$ to or /&+ = prop] names1 z ,alex&] ! ,great1 ! ,pret5d]4 ,capitalize ! names ( /ocks 9 money m>kets1 z ,f$]al ,/eel1 ,city ,railway4 ,capitalize college degrees1 :e!r writt5 9 full or abbreviat$1 z ,ba*elor ( ,arts1 ,doctor ( ,laws1 ,ba*elor ( ,sci5ce 9 ,education3 ,a4,b41 ,,ll4,d41 ,b4,s4 9 ,ed4 ,capitalize high s*ool :5 us$ ?us3 ,c5tral ,high ,s*ool 7b ! high s*ool at ,port ,huron74 ,capitalize1 b d n quote1 ! titles ( newspap]s & o!r p]iodicals1 ! ,new ,york ,_w1 ! ,outlook1 ! ,saturday ,ev5+ ,po/4 ,d n capitalize !1 except ,! ,detroit ,news4 ,capitalize & quote ! titles ( books1 plays1 poems1 songs1 spee*es1 etc41 z ,! ,sc>let ,lett]1 ,)9 ! ,law1 ,! ,man ,) ! ,hoe4 ,! beg9n+ a title mu/ be capitaliz$ & includ$ 9 ! quotation4 ,all ! pr9cipal words--t is1 n\ns1 pron\ns1 v]bs1 adjectives1 adv]bs & int]jections--are to be capitaliz$1 no matt] h[ %ort2 ?us3 ,! ,man ,:o ,w\ld ,be ,k+4 ,o!r p>ts ( spee*--t is1 prepositions1 conjunctions & articles--are to be capitaliz$ only :5 !y conta9 f\r or m lett]s2 ?us3 at1 91 a1 =1 ,betwe51 ,?r\gh1 ,into4 ,! same rules apply to capitalization 9 headl9es4 ,capitalize adjectives d]iv$ f prop] n\ns1 z ,engli%1 ,elizabe?an1 ,g]manic1 ,teutonic4 ,b d n capitalize prop] names & d]ivatives ^: orig9al significance has be5 obscur$ by long & common usage4 ,"u ?is head fall su* words z india rubb]1 ori5tal colors1 /reet arab1 pa/eurize1 macadam1 axm9/]1 gatl+1 p>is gre51 pla/] ( p>is1 philippic1 socratic1 h]culean1 guillot9e1 utopia1 bohemian1 phili/9e1 platonic4 ,:51 h[ev]1 a "n is comp>atively rec5t1 use capitals1 z 9 ,alice blue1 ,taft roses1 ,burbank cactus4 ,capitalize ! p>ticles 9 ,fr5* names1 z le1 la1 de1 du1 :5 us$ )\t a ,*ri/ian "n or title prec$+1 z ,du ,mauri]4 ,b l[]-case :5 prec$$ by a "n or title1 z ,george du ,mauri]4 ,! same rule applies to ! ,g]man von3 ,field ,m>%al von ,mack5s51 b1 )\t ,*ri/ian "n or title1 ,von ,mack5s54 ,always capitalize ,van 9 ,dut* names unless p]sonal pref]5ce dictates an exception1 z ,h5ry van ,dyke4 ,capitalize ! names ( ,fr5* /reets & places1 z ,rue de la ,paix1 ,place de la ,concorde4 ,d n capitalize /reet1 av5ue1 b\lev>d1 place1 lane1 t]race1 way1 road1 highway1 etc41 z ,n9? /reet1 ,bo/on b\lev>d1 ,m>yl& place1 ,rosem>y lane1 ,sev5 ,mile road4 ,d n capitalize addition1 depot1 elevator1 m9e1 /ation1 /ocky>ds1 etc41 z ,waba% freight depot1 ,yell[ ,dog m9e1 ,union /ation1 ,*icago /ocky>ds4 ,d n capitalize po/(fice1 c\r?\se1 poorh\se1 c\ncil *amb]1 armory1 cadets1 police c\rt1 wom5's p>lors4 ,:ite ,h\se1 ref]r+ to ,presid5t's resid5ce1 %\ld be capitaliz$4 ,capitalize only ! di/+ui%+ words if two or m names are connect$1 z ! ,waba% & ,miss\ri ,pacific railroad companies4 7,9 s+ul> =m1 ,waba% ,railroad ,co47 ,d n capitalize ! seasons ( ! ye> unless !y are p]sonifi$4 ,d n capitalize a4 m4 & p4 m4 except 9 headl9es4 ,capitalize ,o4 ,k41 write x ) p]iods1 & =m pres5t t5se1 ,o4 ,k4's & pa/ t5se1 ,o4 ,k4'd4 ,capitalize ,boy ,sc\ts 7ref]r+ to organization74 ,make ,campfire 7ref]r+ to ! girls' organization7 "o ^w1 capitaliz$4 ,capitalize ,con/itution ref]r+ to t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,b /ate con/itution 7l[]-case74 ,,notes ,,punctuation ,a s]ies ( ?ree or m words takes commas except be=e conjunctions1 z3 ,!re 7 boxes ( guns1 bayonets1 c>tridges & b&ages4 ,sep>ate memb]s ( ! s]ies ) semicolons if !re are commas )9 ! phrase1 z3 ,!re 7 boxes ( guns1 bayonets & c>tridges2 casks ( p[d]1 high explosives & *emicals2 & _m o!r prohibit$ articles4 ,use a/]isks to indicate t "p ( quot$ matt] has be5 omitt$1 z1 ,he said3 ,i favor all measures t 99 99 99 w help ! p4 ,use lead]s to indicate a pause 9 ! ?\ght4 ,he said he w\ld nev] return 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,:5 ! news rea*$ 8 "m1 %e fa9t$4 ,commas set (f an explanatory phrase b n a re/rictive phrase ( inclusive qualification4 ,"o writes3 ,poe1 a poet ( ,am]ica1 wrote ,! ,rav54 ,b "o writes3 ,poe ! poet is a f9] craftsman ?an ,poe ! fiction writ]4 ,use commas be=e conjunctions 9 a s5t5ce made up ( sep>ate clauses1 ea* ) its own subject nom9ative1 z1 ,! horse is old1 b x is /ill will+4 ,if ! same subject1 write x3 ,! horse is old b will+4 ,use no p]iod aft] lett]s us$ 9 place ( numb]s1 z1 ,b ,company4 7,companies ( soldi]s are designat$ z ,b ,company1 n ,company ,b47 ,use hyph5 & no apo/rophe :5 dates are jo9$1 z1 #ahfa-fe4 ,write ! calib] ( a revolv] or rifle ) a p]iod1 z 4#bb4 ,use no commas 9 ye>s & /reet numb]s1 z1 #aijd1 n #a1ijd2 & #bdeb ,high /reet4 ,b write3 #b1aef p]sons & #a1efj4 ,foll[ ?is /yle 9 date l9es3 ,,*icago1 ,may #aj4-- ,,br[nsville1 ,mi*41 ,may #aj4-- ,avoid ?is =m z hackney$3 ,8 weal? 787 has disappe>$4 ,place a comma or a colon aft] said1 rem>k$ & simil> words :5 quot$ matt] foll[s4 ,,?ree ,,rules ,writes ! ,duke ( ,argyll3 ,i h always held t cle> ?9k+ w f9d its own expression 9 cle> writ+4 ,z to m]e te*nical rules1 !re are v few t occur to me1 except su* z ^!--fir/1 to aim at %ort s5t5ces1 )\t involution or p>5!tical matt]2 second1 to foll[ a logical ord] 9 con/ruction ( s5t5ces1 & 9 ! sequ5ce ( !m2 ?ird1 to avoid absolutely su* phrases z ! =m] & ! latt]1 always pref]r+ repetition to ! use ( su* tiresome ref]5ces4 ,! la/ rule1 & 9 "s measure ! o!r1 ,i le>n$ f ,macaulay1 & h f\nd x ( imm5se use4 ,!re is "s mann]ism 9 8 /yle1 b x is always cle> z cry/al1 & ?is rule ( repetition contribut$ mu* to ?is4 ,,quotations ,quotation m>ks are n ne$$ :5 matt] is ind5t$1 ?us3 ,! speak] said 9 "p3 ,i d n believe t1 etc4 ,sometimes m>ks ( punctuation belong inside quotation m>ks & sometimes outside1 z3 ,did y he> him say1 ',i am "h'8 ,b 9 ?is case3 ,i he>d him say1 ',are y "h8' ,cont95tal usage p]mits ?is =m3 ,are y %ot68 b x is n 9 good use on ?is side4 ,use no quotation m>ks ) slang ( y\r own writ+4 ,use no quotes 9 writ+ te/imony ) "q & answ]4 ,?is is ! /yle3 ,q4--,:at is y\r "n8 ,a4--,john ,jones4 ,obs]ve ! /yle on quotes )9 quotes3 ,! witness said3 ,i ask$ him1 ',:]e is my copy ( ,p>adise ,lo/8' ,,obs]vation ,writes ,arnold ,b5nett3 ,"o is curi\s ab\t "o's fell[-creatures3 !re=e "o wat*es !m4 ,& g5]ally ! m intellig5t "o is1 ! m curi\s "o is1 & ! m "o obs]ves4 ,! m]e satisfaction ( ?is curiosity is 9 itself a wor?y end1 & w\ld alone ju/ify ! bus9ess ( sy/emiz$ obs]vation4 ,b ! aim ( obs]vation may1 & %\ld1 be express$ 9 t]ms m gr&iose4 ,human curiosity c\nts among ! highe/ social virtues 7z indiff]5ce c\nts among ! base/ defects71 because x leads to a disclosure ( ! causes ( "* & temp]am5t & !reby to a bett] und]/&+ ( ! spr+s ( human conduct4 ,obs]vation is n practic$ directly ) ?is high end 9 view 7save by prigs & o!r futile s\ls72 nev]!less x is a moral act & mu/ inevitably promote k9dl9ess--:e!r we l x or n4 ,x also %>p5s ! s5se ( beauty4 ,an ugly de$--su* z a de$ ( cruelty--takes on arti/ic beauty :5 its orig9 & h5ce its fitness 9 ! g5]al s*eme beg9 to be compreh5d$4 ,9 ! p]spective ( hi/ory we c d]ive e/hetic pleasure f ! tranquil scrut9y ( all k9ds ( conduct--z well1 = example1 ( a ,r5aissance ,pope z ( a ,savon>ola4 ,obs]vation end[s our day & our /reet ) ! romantic *>m ( hi/ory1 & /imulates *>ity--n ! *>ity :i* signs *eques1 b ! m preci\s *>ity :i* puts itself to ! tr\ble ( und]/&+4 ,! condition is t ! obs]v] mu/ nev] lose sight ( ! fact t :at he is to see is life1 is ! woman next door1 is ! man 9 ! tra9--& n a conc\rse ( ab/ractions4 ,to appreciate all ?is is ! fir/ inspir+ prelim9>y to s\nd obs]vation4 ,,n\ns ,wat* = n\ns end+ 9 -ics4 ,_m ( !m are s+ul>1 su* z politics1 ma!matics1 e?ics4 ,make sums ( money s+ul>3 ,five doll>s 0 sp5t1 unless individual pieces ( money are meant1 z3 ,five silv] doll>s 7 plac$ on ! table4 ,write moneys1 n monies4 ,rememb] t data1 memor&a1 ph5om5a1 p>aph]nalia1 bact]ia & /rata are plural4 ,di/+ui% betwe5 majority & plurality4 ,majority means ! lead ( a c&idate ov] all o!r c&idates4 ,plurality means ! lead ( a c&idate ov] "o o!r c&idate4 ,ev5t1 incid5t1 affair1 occurr5ce1 happ5+1 circum/ance d n mean ! same ?+s4 ,look !m up4 ,use prev5tive1 n prev5tative4 ,di/+ui% betwe5 ambassador1 m9i/]1 consul1 envoy4 ,avoid fem99e =ms ( su* words z au?or1 arti/1 danc]1 viol9i/1 piani/1 poet4 ,x may be necess>y occasionally to *ange m ?an ! spell+4 ,= example1 ! _w's greate/ piani/e may n mean ! _w's greate/ piani/4 ,pref] motori/ to automobili/ & autoi/4 ,sew] is a dra94 ,sewage is :at goes ?r\gh x4 ,sew]age is a sy/em ( dra9s4 ,don't use div9e z a n\n4 ,don't write c\ple unless y mean two ?+s jo9$ & n m]ely two4 ,don't write p>ty = p]son1 nor p = p]sons4 ,don't use citiz5s :5 y mean simply p]sons4 ,don't write a l>ge p] c5t ( :5 speak+ ( p]sons :5 y mean a l>ge proportion4 ,:5 n\ns are att5d$ by p>ticiples1 two con/ructions are possible4 ,"o may say ei!r ,i "k ( ,john's be+ !re1 or ,i "k ( ,john be+ !re2 ,! fact ( ! battle's hav+ be5 lo/1 or ,! fact ( ! battle hav+ be5 lo/4 ,! possessive is to be pref]r$ ) prop] names & 9 mo/ simple con/ructions2 x is altoge!r to be pref]r$ ) pron\ns :5 ! pr9cipal idea is 9 ! p>ticiple4 ,"o says3 ,i saw him go+1 ,i he>d !m s++2 b ,i he>d ( 8 go+2 ,i urg$ 8 go+2 ,i advis$ _! att5d+2 ,i object$ to 8 /ay+2 ,i oppos$ _! go+2 ! fact ( 8 be+ !re made a diff]5ce2 ,on 8 say+ ?is ! p %\t$2 ,) _! cons5t+ ! ?+ 0 settl$2 ,he spoke ( my sett+ out z already agre$ to2 ,he f\nd fault ) our accept+ ! place1 etc4 ,collective n\ns are usually s+ul>1 z1 ,! club has increas$ its memb]%ip4 ,h[ev]1 a collective n\n1 :5 x is us$ to ref] m p>ticul>ly to individuals ?an to ! mass1 is plural1 z ,! cr[d 0 ord]ly1 b1 ,! cr[d ?rew up _! hats4 ,9 us+ collective n\ns bew>e ( mix+ ! numb]4 ,d n write1 ,! audi5ce 0 9 _! seats1 b ,! audi5ce 0 seat$1 or ,! audi5ce 7 9 _! seats4 ,,pref] ,/ation to depot ,h\se or home to resid5ce ,woman to lady ,man to g5tleman ,telephone to phone ,automobile to auto ,motor c> to motor ,bridegroom to groom ,re/ to balance ,,! ,,j\rnali/',s ,,cre$ ,by ,,walt] ,,williams ,i believe 9 ! pr(ession ( j\rnalism4 ,i believe t ! public j\rnal is a public tru/2 t all connect$ ) x are1 to ! full measure ( _! responsibility1 tru/ees = ! public2 t acceptance ( less] s]vice ?an ! public s]vice is betrayal ( ?is tru/4 ,i believe t cle> ?9k+ & cle> /atem5t1 accuracy & fairness are fundam5tal to good j\rnalism4 ,i believe t a j\rnali/ %\ld write only :at he holds 9 8 he>t to be true4 ,i believe t suppression ( ! news = any consid]ation o!r ?an ! welf>e ( society is indef5sible4 ,i believe t no "o %\ld write z a j\rnali/ :at he w\ld n say z a g5tleman2 t brib]y by "o's own pocketbook is z mu* to be avoid$ z brib]y by ! pocketbook ( ano!r2 t individual responsibility may n be escap$ by plead+ ano!r's in/ruction or ano!r's divid5ds4 ,i believe t adv]tis+1 news & editorial columns %\ld alike s]ve ! be/ int]e/s ( ! read]s2 t a s+le /&>d ( helpful tru? & cle>ness %\ld prevail = all2 t ! supreme te/ ( good j\rnalism is ! measure ( its public s]vice4 ,i believe t ! j\rnalism :i* succe$s be/--& be/ des]ves success--fe>s ,god & honors man2 is /\tly indep5d5t1 unmov$ by pride ( op9ion or gre$ ( p[]2 con/ructive1 tol]ant1 b nev] c>eless2 self controll$1 pati5t2 always respectful ( its read]s1 b always unafraid2 is quickly indignant at inju/ice2 is unsway$ by ! appeal ( privilege or ! clamor ( ! mob2 seeks to give e man a *ance &1 z f> z law & hone/ wages & recognition ( human bro!rhood c make x s1 an equal *ance2 is pr(\ndly patriotic1 :ile s9c]ely promot+ int]national good w & cem5t+ _w comrade%ip2 is a j\rnalism ( humanity1 ( & = today's _w4 ,,notes ,,pron\ns ,nev] use ,i 9 ref]r+ to y\rself except 9 a sign$ article4 ,avoid ! use ( he or %e & 8 or h]4 ,! use ( ei!r phrase is seldom requir$ = cle>ness' sake4 ,:5 a n\n is us$ :i* may ref] indiff]5tly to bo? sexes1 ! accept$ practice is to use ! mascul9e pron\n4 ,= example1 say3 ,let ! tea*] d 8 duty & he ne$ n fe> criticism1 n ,let ! tea*] d 8 or h] duty & he or %e ne$ n fe> criticism4 ,simil>ly aft] indef9ite s+ul>s l ea*1 e1 somebody1 anybody1 use ! mascul9e s+ul> pron\n4 ,?us1 ,ev]yone %\ld d 8 duty & he %\ld d x e day4 ,"h "o is n only to avoid ! use ( he or %e & 8 or h]1 b also p>ticul>ly & con/antly to be on gu>d aga9/ !y & _!4 ,s5t5ces l ,nobody kn[s :at !y c d till !y try2 ,ev]yone is urg$ to come & br+ _! pocketbooks ) !m1 are frequ5tly he>d & (t5 get into pr9t4 ,d n use ! same = a ?ird p]sonal or a demon/rative pron\n4 ,! f>m] br\ght a load ( :eat to t[n & sold x 7n ! same7 at ! mill4 ,d n make su* a pron\n1 except 9 ! phrase su* z4 ,he has fruits ( all sorts & 8 prices = su* are unreasonable1 is ! sort ( use to be avoid$4 ,di/+ui% betwe5 its1 possessive pron\n1 & x's1 contraction ( x is4 ,use ei!r or nei!r only ( two1 any "o or none ( m ?an two1 z3 ,9 "o gr\p are ,russia1 ,g]many & ,au/ria1 9 ano!r ,france & ,engl&4 ,any "o ( ! fir/ gr\p act+ ) ei!r ( ! second c\ld det]m9e ! "q4 7,z conjunctions1 ei!r & nei!r may introduce ! fir/ ( a s]ies ( p>ticul>s consi/+ ( ?ree or m4 ,x is correct to say ,nei!r ?is nor t nor ! o!r ?+2 b :5 us$ z pron\ns1 ei!r & nei!r %\ld be rigidly conf9$ to use ) ref]5ce to two only47 ,pref] always no "o & nobody to n any "o or n anybody1 z ,x is no "o's 7or nobody's7 bus9ess1 n1 ,x is n any "o's 7or n anybody's7 bus9ess4 ,d n use apiece = ea* ( p]sons4 ,say3 ,! m5 ea* took an apple or took an apple ea*1 n ,! m5 took an apple apiece4 ,b !y might h b\ght ! apples at s mu* apiece4 ,be c>eful n to say ^! sort ( ?+s1 ^! k9d ( m51 = ?is sort ( ?+s or ?is k9d ( m54 ,9 que/ions direct or indirect be c>eful to use :om :5 ! objective case is requir$4 ,d n say1 ,:o did y see !re8 or1 ,i d n "k :o he meant4 ,! relative :o %\ld be us$ only ( p]sons 7or ( bea/s or ?+s p]sonifi$74 ,d n say3 ,! dog :om y saw or ,he drove ! horse :o made ! be/ record4 ,! relative :i* %\ld be us$ only ( bea/s & inanimate objects4 ,d n say3 ,! wom5 & *ildr5 :i* 7 num]\s !n came troop+ 94 ,! relative t may be us$ reg>dless ( g5d] & ! antec$5t4 ,t %\ld be us$ aft] a comp\nd antec$5t m5tion+ bo? p]sons & animals or ?+s1 z1 ,! soldi]s1 ! ambulances & ! pack mules t 7 recaptur$1 7 s5t to ! re>4 ,be c>eful ( ! case ( :o if a p>5!tical s5t5ce int]v5es betwe5 x & its v]b4 ,he said t ,g54 ,h>rison1 :om1 ev]ybody well knew1 _h long be5 int]e/$ 9 ! case1 w\ld make ! clos+ argum5t4 ,su* faulty objective is (t5 he>d 9 daily spee* & n infrequ5tly gets into ! pap]s4 ,( c\rse :o %\ld be us$4 ,b :om %\ld be us$ :5 ! inf9itive foll[s3 ,he said t ,g54 ,h>rison1 :om ev]ybody admitt$ to be pr(\ndly v]s$ 9 ! law1 w\ld discuss ! po9t4 ,x is prop] to omit ! relative pron\n on occasion :5 x is ! object ( ! foll[+ v]b1 z ,he 0 among ! m5 7:om7 ,i saw4 ,,conjunctions ,nev] use l z a conjunction4 ,john may look l ,james or act l ,james or speak l ,james1 b he nev] looks1 acts or speaks l ,james looks1 acts or speaks2 he nev] looks l he want$ to d some?+1 nor conducts himself l he ?\ght he own$ ! e>?1 or l he 0 crazy4 ,l 7z 9 ! fir/ example7 may be foll[$ by an objective case ( a sub/antive1 ) :i* ! con/ruction is complet$3 ,y are l me 9 ?is2 ,y1 l me1 believe ?is2 ,he conduct$ himself l a crazy man4 ,:5 a clause is dem&$1 z if %\ld be us$3 ,he looks z if he want$ some?+2 he acts z if he 7 crazy4 ,d n use if = :e!r 9 introduc+ indirect que/ions3 ,i d\bt :e!r 7n if7 ?is is true2 ,i ask$ :e!r 7n if7 he w\ld g4 ,d n use z = t4 ,n ,i d n "k z ?is is s1 b ,i d n "k t ?is is s4 ,d n use )\t = unless4 ,we _c g unless 7n )\t7 he comes4 ,d n use b :at = b t or t4 ,i d n d\bt t 7or b t7 he w come1 n b :at he w come2 ,!y did n "k b t 7n b :at7 !y might accept x4 ,d n use :ile = al?\gh1 z1 :ile x is probable4 ,:ile ref]s to "t4 ,,v]bs ,! v]b %\ld agree ) its subject 9 p]son & numb]4 ,x ought n to be necess>y to give ?is obvi\s rule1 b h>dly a day passes )\t violation ( x 9 almo/ e pap]4 ,its violation is especially common 9 ! inv]t$ s5t5ce1 introduc$ ) !re4 ,!re is likely to be "s *anges2 ,!re is1 at ! pres5t writ+1 "s hopes ( peace2 ,!re seems to be1 9 view ( all ! conditions1 _m objections to ?is plan1 are examples ( ! faulty usage4 ,! to %\ld n be sep>at$ f ! inf9itive by ^w or phrase4 ,! modifi] %\ld prec$e ! to or foll[ ! v]b4 ,d n say to promptly act1 b to act promptly or promptly to act4 ,su* use z 9 ! example j giv5 is bad en\gh1 b x is n s (f5sive z ! intrusion ( "t adv]bs & negatives z1 = example1 ,he decid$ to n[ g1 or ,he expect$ to n only g b to /ay1 or ,he pref]r$ to n /ay4 ,d n end a s5t5ce ) ! to ( an omitt$ inf9itive2 z3 ,he c\ld n speak b tri$ to2 b ,he refus$ to g b he ought to g1 or ,he ought to g b he refuses4 ,subord9ate inf9itives & p>ticiples take _! "t f ! v]b 9 ! pr9cipal clause4 ,!y %\ld !re=e be ! simple s-call$ pres5t =ms4 ,d n say3 ,i int5d$ to h gone1 or ,i int5d$ hav+ gone1 b ,i int5d$ to g1 ,i int5d$ go+2 n ,he _h expect$ to h be5 pres5t1 b ,he _h expect$ to be pres5t2 n ,he w\ld h lik$ to h se5 y2 b ,he w\ld h lik$ to see y2 n ,i 0 desir\s to h gone1 b ,i 0 desir\s to g4 ,) ! v]bs appe> 79 ! s5se ( seem to be7 & feel1 look1 smell & s\nd 7us$ intransitively7 use an adjective & n an adv]b1 i4 e41 ,! rose smells sweet2 ,miss ,coghlan z ,lady ,teazle look$ *>m+2 ,%e appe>$ happy4 ,b appe> 9 ! same s5se ( behave is foll[$ by an adv]b1 z ,he appe>s well2 & ! o!r v]bs us$ transitively ( c\rse take an adv]b1 z ,he look$ %>ply at ! man4 ,:5 "o wi%es to imply d\bt or d5ial 9 a condition ( pres5t or indef9ite "t1 ! imp]fect subjunctive %\ld be us$1 z ,if ! book 7 "h1 ,i %\ld %[ y--b ! book is n "h2 ,if x 7 true1 y w\ld long ago h he>d x--b x is n true4 ,b if "o is ref]r+ to pa/ "t1 ! imp]fect indicative mu/ be us$1 z1 ,if he 0 "h ye/]day1 ,i did n "k x4 ,be c>eful to di/+ui% betwe5 lay & lie1 raise & rise1 set & sit4 ,! fir/ ( ea* pair is transitive1 & always requires an object2 ! second is intransitive & nev] takes an object4 7,! only exception is sit us$ ( a rid]1 z1 ,he sits 8 horse well47 ,"o lays or sets a ?+ d[n & raises x up4 ,"o lies or sits d[n & rises f "o's place4 ,l& lies ?is way or t4 7,b we speak ( ! lay ( ! l&47 ,especially pa9s mu/ be tak5 to keep /raight ! pa/ t5ses & pa/ p>ticiples ( lay & lie4 ,( lay pa/ t5se & p>ticiple are alike laid4 ,he laid or he has laid ! case be=e ! au?orities4 ,! pa/ t5se ( lie is lay 7! same z ! pres5t t5se ( ! transitive v]b71 ! pa/ p>ticiple is la94 ,^! =ms are seldom if ev] us$ = p>ts ( lay2 b = !m laid is v (t5 us$1 z1 ,he laid or he has laid d[n to take a nap1 :]e ! correct usage is ,he lay or he has la9 d[n1 etc4 ,prices rise1 wages rise1 bread rises1 bread is set to rise2 m5 raise prices or wages2 ,he rose & rais$ 8 h&4 ,clo?+ ( e sort sits well or ill1 x does n set4 ,! correspond+ n\n1 h[ev]1 is set2 ,he admir$ ! set ( ! g>m5t4 ,y set a h51 b ! h5 sits & is a sitt+ h54 ,! heav5ly bodies set1 b t is ano!r ^w1 :i* means to s9k or to settle4 ,inanimate objects are n injur$ b damag$4 ,use wi% to mean simple desire1 z1 ,i wi% to see him4 ,use want to mean acute ne$1 z1 ,i want food4 ,only mov+ objects collide4 ,two automobiles may collide1 b an automobile does n collide ) a f5ce4 ,,pref]3 l5d to loan lives to resides leaves to dep>ts obta9 or procure to secure turn ov] to turn turtle b\ght to pur*as$ live at hotel to /op at hotel robb$ ( to reliev$ ( ,?+s ( a g5]al class are comp>$ ) ea* o!r to br+ out po9ts ( simil>ity or dissimil>ity4 ,"o ?+ is comp>$ to ano!r ( a diff]5t class4 ,he comp>$ ,detroit ) ,clevel&4 ,he comp>$ ,detroit to a busy hive ( bees4 ,?+s occur or happ5 by *ance & take place by design4 ,an accid5t happ5s or occurs2 a pre-arrang$ act takes place4 ,except 9 legal pap]s use prov$ in/ead ( prov54 ,transpire does n mean to take place b to leak out1 z1 ,!y tri$ to keep _! delib]ations secret1 b x transpir$ t 99 99 99 ,en?use is n a good ^w4 ,say become en?usia/ic4 ,m$ic9e1 laws & oa?s are adm9i/]$2 bl[s & puni%m5t are dealt4 ,allege is us$ only 9 ref]r+ to =mal *>ges & n z a synonym = say or ass]t4 ,! pa/ t5se & pa/ p>ticiple ( dive are div$4 ,don't use dove4 ,! pa/ t5se & pa/ p>ticiple ( =eca/ are =eca/4 ,don't use =eca/$4 ,! pa/ t5se & pa/ p>ticiple ( hang are hung1 except 9 ref]5ce to an execution2 !n write1 ,he 0 hang$4 ,! pa/ t5se & pa/ p>ticiple ( plead are plead$ & n plead or pl$4 ,don't write1 ,he plead guilty1 b ,he plead$ guilty4 ,! pa/ t5se ( swim is swam1 & ! pa/ p>ticiple is swum4 ,,b>r$ ,,by ,,! ,,sun ,newspap] m5 c read ) pr(it ?is li/ ( words & phrases to be avoid$1 compil$ by ,*>les ,a4 ,dana = 8 associates on ! ,new ,york ,sun3 above or ov] = m ?an aggregate = total balance = rema9d] call att5tion = direct att5tion claim = ass]t comm5ce = beg9 comprise = compose consci\s = aw>e c\ple = two cultur$ = cultivat$ date back to = date f donate = give fall = autumn f :5ce = :5ce indorse = approve inaugurate = e/abli%1 in/itute individual = p]son inf9ite = great1 va/ la/ = late/ less = few] mat]ially = l>gely nam$ aft] = nam$ = notice = obs]ve onto = on or ^u p>tially = p>tly pa/ two ye>s = la/ two ye>s practically = virtually p>ty = p]son ,,d\bl+ ,,up ,,h',s ,m>k ,twa9 9 ,a ,tramp ,abroad wrote3 ,h>ris said t if ! be/ writ] 9 ! _w once got ! slov5ly habit ( 'd\bl+ up 8 h's1' he c\ld nev] get rid ( x2 t is to say1 if a man gets ! habit ( say+ ',i %\ld h lik$ to h kn[n m ab\t x' in/ead ( say+ ',i %\ld h lik$ to "k m ab\t x1' 8 disease is incurable4 ---------------------------------------- - 444 ,,reflector ,,( ,,e ,,human ,,int]e/ 444 ,,fri5d ,,( ,,e ,,righte\s ,,cause 444 ,,enc\rag] ,,( ,,e ,,g5]\s ,,act4 ---------------------------------------- - ,,notes ,,adv]bs ,great lib]ty may be ex]cis$ 9 plac+ ! adv]b accord+ to ! emphasis desir$4 ,9 g5]al x %\ld be plac$ ne> ! ^w or phrase x modifies to express ! ?\ght mo/ cle>ly4 ,"o %\ld n say1 ,n only he spoke =cefully b eloqu5tly2 nor ,he 0 r =ceful ?an eloqu5t1 b ,he 0 =ceful r ?an eloqu5t4 ,note p>ticul>ly t :5 ! adv]b is plac$ )9 ! v]b1 x %\ld regul>ly foll[ ! fir/ auxili>y4 ,= example3 ,?is c tru?fully be said1 n ,?is c be tru?fully said2 ,he w probably h set out by noon1 n ,he w h probably1 etc42 ,x has long be5 expect$1 n ,x has be5 long expect$4 ,if ! adv]b is int5d$ to modify ! :ole s5t5ce1 x v prop]ly /&s fir/1 z1 ,decid$ly1 ?is is n true2 ,assur$ly1 he does n mean t4 ,9 su* s5t5ces ! adv]b really modifies "s v]b und]/ood1 z1 ,i say decid$ly ?is is n true4 ,d n use ?is1 t & "s z adv]bs4 ,nev] say ?is high1 ?is long1 t broad1 t good1 ?is mu*1 t mu*1 "s bett]1 "s e>li]4 ,say ?us or s :5ev] tempt$ to use ?is or t 9 su* connections1 & use some:at in/ead ( "s4 ,d n say a man is dang]\sly ill2 say al>m+ly or critically4 ,nev] use illy2 y might z well say welly4 ,aft] a negative use s 9 a comp>ison4 ,?is is z good z t1 b ,?is is n s good z t4 ,say z f> z1 z long z1 etc42 n s f> z1 s long z4 ,?us1 ,z f> z ,i "k1 ?is is true2 ,z long z ,i /ay "h1 y may use my book4 ,use previ\sly to1 agreeably to1 consi/5tly )1 etc41 in/ead ( ! adjective =ms1 9 su* expressions z ,previ\sly to my arrival1 he _h be5 in=m$2 ,we act$ agreeably to ! in/ructions4 ,bew>e ( only4 ,bett] n use x unless y are sure x is correctly plac$4 ,obs]ve ! diff]5ce 9 ! mean+ "h3 ,i h only spok5 to him4 ,i h spok5 only to him4 ,don't use liable :5 y mean likely4 ,a man is likely to p>k 8 automobile s he w be liable to arre/4 ,don't use pa9fully cut & simil> expressions4 ,"o is n pleasantly cut4 ,occasionally means on occasion4 ,s don't write v occasionally1 b v seldom or infrequ5tly4 ,f>!r is us$ to d5ote di/ance2 fur!r 9 o!r s5ses1 z1 ,i told him fur!r t ,i walk$ f>!r ?an he4 ,,adjectives ,be sp>+ 9 ! use ( epi!ts & ( adjectives & adv]bs g5]ally4 ,especially avoid ! use ( sup]latives4 ,sup]latives are seldom true4 ,r>ely is a man ! mo/ rem>kable man 9 ! c\ntry 9 any p>ticul>2 r>ely is an accid5t ! wor/ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! city4 ,bett] und]/ate ?an ov]/ate2 bett] err on ! side ( mod]ation ?an excess4 ,william ,cobbett says3 ,"s writ]s deal 9 expletives to a degree t tires ! e> & (f5ds ! und]/&+4 ,) !m ev]y?+ is excessively1 or imm5sely1 or extremely1 or va/ly1 or surpris+ly1 or wond]fully1 or abundantly1 or ! l4 ,! notion ( su* writ]s is t ^! words give /r5g? to :at !y are say+4 ,?is is a great error4 ,/r5g? mu/ be f\nd 9 ! ?\ght or x w nev] be f\nd 9 ! words4 ,big s\nd+ words1 )\t ?\ghts correspond+1 are ef=t )\t effect4 ,be sure to rememb] t nee means born4 ,x is ( c\rse impossible !n to speak ( ,mrs4 ,doe1 nee ,m>y ,roe1 z "o is nev] born ) a ,*ri/ian "n1 b ,mrs4 ,doe1 nee ,roe4 ,&1 ( all ?+s :5 a wid[ has rem>ri$1 d n write ,mrs4 ,ri*>d ,roe1 nee ,mrs4 ,john ,doe4 ,adjectives1 if wisely us$1 give desirable color to a /ory4 ,a !saurus w bright5 up a report]'s adjectival vocabul>y4 ,^! are sugge/ions = possible sub/itutions ( fre% words = m or less hackney$ words3 fa/--fleet1 swift good--m]itori\s1 laudable rep5tant--p5it5t1 contrite temp]ate--ab/emi\s intemp]ate--inab/95t mode/--decor\s di/ress+--pite\s1 pitiable1 rueful witty--jocose1 nimble-witt$ fe>ful--timid1 appreh5sive1 tremul\s crafty--cunn+1 artful frank--+5u\s1 guileless ,pref] agreeable to nice1 :i* means accurate2 & long to l5g?y4 ,words l p]fect & unique _c be comp>$4 ,nev] write1 m p]fect1 mo/ p]fect1 mo/ unique4 ,es*ew ! ^w v4 ,x seldom /r5g!ns a s5t5ce4 ,x is bett] to use su* words z fel9e1 bov9e1 can9e1 human z adjectives only4 ,pref] sev]al or _m to a numb] (4 ,heal?y means possess+ heal?1 z1 a heal?y man4 ,heal?ful means conducive to heal?1 z1 heal?ful climate1 surr\nd+s1 employm5t4 ,d n use heal?ful 9 speak+ ( food1 b :olesome4 ,p>l\s is ar*aic4 ,don't use ! phrase 9 ^! p>l\s times4 ,! ^w 9 good usage is p]il\s4 ,nobody has expla9$ ! diff]5ce betwe5 actual photographs & photographs4 ,awful means inspir+ awe1 fe>ful inspir+ fe>1 & t]rible inspir+ t]ror4 ,anxi\s implies anxiety4 ,say eag] if y mean x4 ,! fir/ mean+ ( hectic is habitual4 ,! second mean+ is fev]$4 ,x connotes heat m p>ticul>ly ?an r$4 ,great c>e is ne$$ 9 us+ ^! ?ree words3 livid1 lurid & weird4 ,livid means prim>ily black & blue4 ,x also means a grayi% blue or lead color1 z fle% by contusion4 ,x doesn't mean any?+ else4 ,lurid means a pale yell[1 gha/ly pale1 wan2 figuratively x means gloomy or dismal1 grimly t]rible or s5sational4 ,:5 us$ 9 its fir/ s5se x is prop]ly applicable to ! yell[ flames se5 ?r\gh smoke4 ,x does n mean fi]y r$4 ,9 its figurative s5se x c be us$ to describe a s]ies ( incid5ts calculat$ to %ock or to /un by ! enormity ( !m4 ,weird means prim>ily p]ta9+ to wit*craft & is us$ 9 ref]5ce to ! wit*es 9 ,macbe?4 ,x also means une>?ly1 uncanny1 e]ie4 ,a gre5 light might be call$ weird4 ,x mu/ n be us$ to mean peculi>1 z1 ,%e wore a weird hat4 ,,y\r ,,audi5ce ,says ,irv9 ,s4 ,cobb3 ,i'd r h my "w read by ?\s&s ( p ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry ?an be ! au?or ( ! greate/ classic t ev] m\ld]$ on a %elf4 ,9 my op9ion1 ! masses are wor? our art4 ,if we believe 9 a democratic =m ( gov]nm5t we %\ld believe 9 a democratic attitude t[>d ! art ( ! %ort /ory1 & ,i1 = "o1 frankly admit t ,i write = ! %op girl & bus9ess man r ?an = ! high-br[ critic4 ,t does n mean y mu/ necess>ily *oose betwe5 !m1 b if ,i _h to *oose ,i w\ld let ! critic g4 ---------------------------------------- ------ ,,def5d] ,,( ,,civil ,,lib]ty 444 ,,/r5g!n] ,,( ,,loyalty 444 ,,pill> ,,& ,,/ay ,,( ,,democratic ,,gov]nm5t4 ---------------------------------------- ------ ,,notes ,,prepositions ,be c>eful to use ! prop] prepositions 9 all connections4 ,say diff]5t f1 n diff]5t to4 ,we say a man lives on1 n 91 a /reet1 an av5ue1 etc4 ,*ildr5 play 9 ! /reet1 b on ! pavem5t4 ,"o writes "u1 n ov]1 a signature4 ,! preposition has no ref]5ce to ! place ( ! signature4 ,d n ov]work on ! "p (4 ,?is phrase is (t5 us$ :]e by or among is to be pref]r$1 z1 ,mu* patriotism is display$ on ! "p ( ! ,greeks4 ,say (f1 n (f f or (f (4 ,he fell (f 8 horse1 or ,he fell f 8 horse4 ,discrim9ate c>efully betwe5 beside & besides4 ,! fir/ is always a preposition & means ei!r by ! side (1 z1 ,he /ood beside me1 or aside f1 or out (1 z1 ,?is is beside our pres5t purpose2 ,he 0 beside himself = joy4 ,besides is ei!r preposition or adv]b3 z ! =m] x means 9 addition to1 z ,sev]al o!rs 7 pres5t besides ^? y saw2 z adv]b x means moreov] or m ?an t1 z ,!re 71 besides1 _m pomp\s volumes4 ,be c>eful ) betwe5 & among2 betwe5 is us$ ) ref]5ce to two p]sons1 p>ties or ?+s2 among ) ref]5ce to _m3 ,9 ?is city ,democrats & ,republicans divide ! (fices betwe5 !m2 9 "s cities !y are di/ribut$ among all ! p>ties4 ,di/+ui% betwe5 9 & into4 ,into implies action4 ,a man goes into 8 h\se & !n he is 9 ! h\se4 ,a p]son dies ( typhoid fev] r ?an f typhoid fev]4 ,di/+ui% betwe5 consi/ 9 & consi/ (4 ,virtue consi/s 9 "r liv+4 ,! family consi/s ( sev5 p]sons4 ,a book is illu/rat$ ) sket*es & x is illu/rat$ by ! arti/ :o made ! sket*es4 ,omit f f ! phrases f h5ce1 f !nce1 f :5ce4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,mirror ,,( ,,! ,,public ,,m9d 444 ,,int]pret] ,,( ,,! ,,public ,,int5t 444 ,,tr\bl] ,,( ,,! ,,public ,,consci5ce4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,articles ,use an article ) e n\n ( a s]ies unless ! n\ns are s closely relat$ t "o concept is impli$4 ,say1 ,! bread & jam 0 good1 b ,! bread & ! jam 7 good4 ,say1 ,a horse & buggy1 b ,a man & a woman4 ,d n repeat an article be=e ea* adjective ( a s]ies :5 all modify ! same n\n4 ,say1 ,a r$1 :ite & blue flag4 ,if y mean ?ree flags1 say1 ,a r$1 a :ite1 & a blue flag4 ,d n write a or an aft] sort ( & k9d (4 ,make x3 ,he is ! "r sort ( man = mayor4 ,! def9ite article is us$ too (t5 :5 x might bett] be omitt$1 z 9 ?is s5t5ce3 ,! /udy ( ! diction>y is helpful4 ,write x3 ,/udy ( ! diction>y4 ,,numb]s ,! g5]al rule on ,! ,news is t all numb]s above n9e %all be writt5 9 figures1 & t all numb]s bel[ #aj %all be spell$ out4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 _m exceptions to ?is rule4 ,figures are always us$ = degrees ( latitude & longitude1 degrees ( temp]ature1 p] c5t1 prices1 rac+ "t1 scores1 def9ite sums ( money1 "t1 votes1 dates 7z ,sept4 #bg71 ages1 /reet numb]s & tabulat$ /ati/ics4 ,spell out indef9ite figures1 z ab\t a doll>'s wor?4 ,use ,roman num]als 9 writ+ ( k+s1 z ,george ,v1 & !n )\t a p]iod4 ,d n use ,roman num]als 9 designat+ c5turies4 ,write x f\rte5? c5tury1 n ,x,i,vth c5tury4 ,write ,monday at #h a4 m41 n at #h o'clock on ,monday morn+4 ,spell out su* expressions z ! e>ly sev5ties4 ,use figures 9 dim5sions :5 writt5 ?us3 a lot #df feet4 ,all ages %all be writt5 ?us3 ,john ,smi?1 #h ye>s old4 ,d n write x3 ,john ,smi?1 ag$ #h1 or ag$ eight4 ,x w be easy to rememb] ! rule if y obs]ve t 9 writ+ x ?us3 ,john ,smi?1 ag$ #ah1 #dh ,jones /reet1 y are op5+ an opportunity = an error easily made4 ,x may appe>3 ,john ,smi?1 ag$ #ahd1 #h ,jones /reet4 ,all ord9als are spell$ out4 ,write x ?irtie?1 n #cj?4 ,write a date3 ,feb4 #f1 n ,febru>y #f?1 or ,febru>y six?4 ,d n use bo? num]als & figures spell$ out 9 "o phrase4 ,write x3 ,eight feet elev5 in*es4 ,if 9 a phrase a numb] ov] #aj prec$es a numb] "u #aj1 express bo? 9 figures1 ?us #ah h\rs #d m9utes4 ,if vice v]sa1 express x ?us3 two h\rs eighte5 m9utes4 ,,roman ,,num]als ,i #a ,,ii #b ,,iii #c ,,iv #d ,v #e ,,vi #f ,,vii #g ,,viii #h ,,ix #i ,x #aj ,,xix #ai ,,xx #bj ,,xxx #cj ,,xl #dj ,l #ej ,,lx #fj ,,lxx #gj ,,lxxx #hj ,,xc #ij ,c #ajj ,,cl #aej ,,cc #bjj ,,ccc #cjj ,,cccc #djj ,d #ejj ,,dc #fjj ,,dcc #gjj ,,dccc #hjj ,,dcccc #ijj ,m #a1jjj ,,weights ,,& ,,measures #g4ib in*es make #a l9k4 #be l9ks make #a rod4 #af4ej feet make #a rod4 #d rods make #a *a94 #aj *a9s make #a furlong4 #h furlongs make #a mile4 #cbj rods make #a mile4 #e1bhj feet make #a mile4 #aj squ>e *a9s make #a acre4 #afj squ>e rods make #a acre4 #fdj acres make #a squ>e mile4 #dc1efj squ>e feet make #a acre4 #fi geographical miles make #a degree ( latitude4 #a1gbh cubic in*es make #a cubic foot4 #bg cubic feet make #a cubic y>d4 ,gunt]'s *a91 #bb y>ds ( #ajj l9ks4 ,a section is #fdj acres4 ,a t[n%ip is #cf sections1 ea* #a squ>e mile4 ,a span is #i in*es4 ,a h&--horse measurem5t--is #d in*es4 ,a knot--nautical--is #f1jhf feet4 ,a fa?om--nautical--is #f feet4 ,a /one is #ad p\nds4 ,a squ>e acre is #bjh #g-aj feet on ea* side4 ,! metric sy/em is ! sy/em ( measurem5t ( :i* ! met] is ! fundam5tal unit4 ,x 0 fir/ adopt$ 9 ,france & is n[ 9 g5]al use 9 mo/ civiliz$ c\ntries except ! ,engli%-speak+ c\ntries4 ,! sy/em is n[ us$ ?r\gh\t ! _w = sci5tific measurem5ts4 ,its use 0 legaliz$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahff4 ,! met]1 ! unit ( l5g?1 0 int5d$ to be "o t5-million? "p ( ! e>?'s m]idian quadrant & is ne>ly s4 ,its l5g? is #ci4cgj in*es4 ,! unit ( surface is ! are1 :i* is #ajj squ>e met]s4 ,! !oretical unit ( volume is ! /]e1 :i* is a cubic met]4 ,! unit ( volume = ! purposes ( ! m>ket is ! lit]1 :i* is ! volume ( "o kilogram ( di/ill$ wat] at its maximum d5sity & is int5d$ to be "o cubic decimet]4 ,= #aj times1 #ajj times1 #a1jjj times & #aj1jjj times "o ( ^! units1 ! prefixes1 deca-1 hecto-1 kilo- & myria- are us$4 ,= #a-aj1 #a-ajj & #a-a1jjj ( ! units1 ! prefixes deci-1 c5ti- & milli- are us$4 ,9 ?is table ! equival5ts are measures common 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & are n to be confus$ ) ,briti% measures1 :i* 9 "s cases v>y slightly4 #a myriamet] #e4d nautical miles or #f4ba /atute miles4 #a kilomet] #j4fba /atute mile or ne>ly #e_/h mile4 #a hectomet] #aji4d y>ds4 #a decamet] #a4ihh rods4 #a met] #ci4cg in*es or ab\t #a y>d #c in*es4 #a decimet] #c4icg in*es4 #a c5timet] #j4cicg in*4 #a millimet] #j4jcicg in*4 #a hect>e #b4dga acres4 #a are #aai4f squ>e y>ds4 #a c5ti>e 7squ>e met]7 #aj4gfd squ>e feet4 #a deca/]e #ac cubic y>ds or ab\t #b cords4 #a /]e 7cubic met]7 #a4cjh cubic y>ds or #ce4c cubic feet4 #a deci/]e #c cubic feet4 #a hectolit] #bf4d gallons4 #a decalit] ,little m ?an #b gallons #e p9ts4 #a lit] #a qu>t gill4 #a decilit] #j4hde gill4 #a milli] #b1bjd4f p\nds avoirdupois4 #a kilogram ,little m ?an #b p\nds #c ounces4 #a hectogram ,little m ?an #c ounces #h drams4 #a decagram #aed4cb gra9s troy4 #a gram #ae4dcbcd gra9s4 #a decigram #a4edcbcd gra9s4 #a c5tigram #j4aedcbc gra9s4 #a milligram #j4jaedcb gra9s4 ---------------------------------------- - 444 ,,*ronicl] ,,( ,,facts 444 ,,sift] ,,( ,,rumors ,,& ,,op9ions 444 ,,m9i/] ,,( ,,! ,,tru? ,,t ,,makes ,,m5 ,,free4 ---------------------------------------- - ,,abbreviation ,?is is ! /yle ( ,! ,news on abbreviat+ ! names ( /ates & t]ritories3 ,ala4 ,alaska ,ariz4 ,ark4 ,calif4 ,colo4 ,conn4 ,d4 ,c4 ,ga4 ,fla4 ,ida4 ,ill4 ,ind4 ,ia4 ,kan4 ,ky4 ,la4 ,me4 ,mass4 ,md4 ,mi*4 ,m9n4 ,miss4 ,mo4 ,mont4 ,n4 ,c4 ,n4 ,d4 ,neb4 ,nev4 ,n4 ,h4 ,n4 ,j4 ,n4 ,m4 ,n4 ,y4 ,o4 ,okla4 ,ore4 ,pa4 ,p4 ,i4 7,philipp9e ,isl&s7 ,p4 ,r4 7,porto ,rico7 ,r4 ,i4 ,s4 ,c4 ,s4 ,d4 ,t5n4 ,tex4 ,t4 ,h4 7,t]ritory ( ,hawaii7 ,utah ,va4 ,vt4 ,wa%4 ,wis4 ,w4 ,va4 ,wyo4 ,d n abbreviate ,port to ,pt4 ,abbreviate ,=t to ,ft41 :e!r a city or a po/4 ,abbreviate ,m\nt to ,mt4 9 names l ,mt4 ,v]non4 ,d n abbreviate names ( cities1 z ,kazoo1 ,frisco1 ,/4 ,joe4 ,d n use /ate ) names ( well-kn[n cities1 su* z ,*icago1 ,clevel&1 ,d5v]1 etc4 ,foll[ a firm "n z ! firm writes x1 except 9 ! capitalization ( !1 z ! ,=d ,motor ,co4 ,lat] 9 ! /ory ! "n may appe> z ! ,=d company4 ,x is ! ,j4 ,l4 ,hudson ,company4 ,h[ev]1 "o may say1 aft] writ+ ! firm "n1 t ! ,hudson company w1 etc4 ,use ,mi*4 aft] ! names ( all places 9 ! /ate except3 ,adrian ,ann ,arbor ,alp5a ,battle ,creek ,bay ,city ,calumet ,fl9t ,gr& ,rapids ,jackson ,kalamazoo ,lans+ ,muskegon ,mt4 ,clem5s ,m>quette ,port ,huron ,sag9aw ,ypsilanti & places s ne> ,detroit t !y are g5]ally kn[n4 ,bew>e ( ! names ( cities 9 o!r /ates id5tical ) ^? 9 ,mi*igan4 ,also wat* = ! names ( cities id5tical ) ^? 9 o!r /ates1 z ,portl&1 ,me41 & ,portl&1 ,ore4 ,a few cities t %\ld c>ry a /ate designation because !re are places ( ! same "n 9 ,mi*igan are3 ,akron1 ,o4 ,atlanta1 ,ga4 ,augu/a1 ,me41 or ,ga4 ,bangor1 ,me4 ,birm+ham1 ,ala4 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,canton1 ,o4 ,c>o1 ,ill4 ,*a?am1 ,ont4 ,concord1 ,n4 ,h4 ,erie1 ,pa41 or ,n4 ,y4 ,f>go1 ,n4 ,d4 ,frank=t1 ,ky4 ,gr& ,rapids1 ,wis41 or ,m9n4 ,hanov]1 ,n4 ,h4 ,hel5a1 ,mont4 ,jackson1 ,miss4 ,l9coln1 ,neb4 ,l[ell1 ,mass4 ,man*e/]1 ,n4 ,h4 ,memphis1 ,t5n4 ,na%ville1 ,t5n4 ,pho5ix1 ,ariz4 ,plym\?1 ,mass4 ,pontiac1 ,ill4 ,portl&1 ,me41 or ,ore4 ,qu9cy1 ,ill41 or ,mass4 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y41 or ,m9n4 ,ri*mond1 ,va4 ,s&usky1 ,o4 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,mo4 ,sault ,/e4 ,m>ie1 ,ont4 ,tr5ton1 ,n4 ,j4 ,vicksburg1 ,miss4 ,d n abbreviate ,attorney to ,atty4 be=e a "n4 ,d n abbreviate fir/ names except 9 reproduc+ signatures1 z1 ,wm4 ,h4 ,taft1 if ,mr4 ,taft wrote x t way4 ,abbreviate s5ior & junior ) commas on ea* side1 z ,john ,jones1 ,jr41 spoke4 ,d n make ,tom1 ,dan1 ,b51 ,joe1 etc41 abbreviations unless y are sure !y are4 ,alex ,d[ is writt5 )\t ! p]iod4 ,write ,s ,o ,s & simil> telegraphic abbreviations1 & ,i ,o ,u )\t p]iods4 ,use ,bros4 only :5 firm "n is s writt54 ,use amp]s& 77 9 firm "n only :5 ! firm uses x4 ,abbreviate numb] :5 foll[$ by num]als1 z ,no4 #aj4 ,spell out ,unit$ ,/ates except 9 addresses or 9 army & navy phrases4 ,milit>y & naval titles %\ld be writt5 ?us3 ,adjt4 ,adjt4-,g54 ,brig4-,g54 ,capt4 ,col4 ,corp4 ,fir/ ,lieut4 ,g54 ,lieut4 ,lieut4-,col4 ,lieut4-,g54 ,maj4 ,maj4-,g54 ,private ,q4 ,m4-,g54 ,q4 ,m4-,s]gt4 ,second ,lieut4 ,second ,s]gt4 ,s]gt4 ,s]gt4-,maj4 ,surg4-,g54 ,surg4-,maj4 ,class ( '#jh may be us$ = ,class ( #aijh4 ,abbreviate degrees aft] a "n4 ,book sizes1 #dto1 #hvo1 #abmo1 %\ld be writt5 )\t p]iods4 ,use only abbreviations t w surely be und]/ood1 su* z ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a41 ,w4 ,c4 ,t4 ,u41 etc41 9 ref]r+ to organizations4 ,nev] write ,xmas4 ,^! abbreviations %\ld be us$3 ,ald4 ,atty4-,g54 ,gov4 ,lieut4-,gov4 ,s54 ,rep4 ,cong4 ,supt4 ,abbreviate sa9t & sa9ts 9 prop] names1 z ,/4 ,l\is1 ,sault ,/e4 ,m>ie1 ,/e4 ,anne's1 ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul's *ur*4 ,write scriptural texts ,g54 xiv1 #bd2 ,,ii ,k+s viii1 #aa-ae4 ,abbreviate names ( political p>ties only ?us1 ,smi? 7,rep47 defeat$ ,jones 7,dem47 = ald]man4 ,d n abbreviate /reet1 av5ue1 b\lev>d1 place or o!r designation ( a ?or\ghf>e4 ,abbreviate clock "t :5 imm$iately connect$ ) figures to a4 m4 & p4 m4 ,pref] = example to e4 g4 ,pref] namely to viz4 ,pref] t is to i4 e4 ,write ,engli% money #e #ds #f;d1 )\t commas4 ,abbreviate ! mon?s ?us3 ,jan4 ,feb4 ,m>* ,april ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sept4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,use don't only :5 y may sub/itute d n4 ,p]haps y h se5 ! adv]tisem5t :i* reads3 ,h& ,made ,tobacco ,don't ,bite ! ,tongue4 ,,names ,,& ,,titles ,! "o infallible way to insult a man is to misspell 8 "n2 t is an old newspap] maxim4 ,m c>e %\ld be tak5 ) ! spell+ ( ! names 9 a /ory ?an ) any o!r me*anical detail4 ,(t5 a "n is misspell$ because a typewrit] is n clean & an e or an a is mi/ak5 = an o or a u4 ,x is wise = ! report] to make sure ^! lett]s p>ticul>ly pr9t cle>ly or he may be held to acc\nt = an error4 ,an ev5 bett] way is to write a prop] "n 9 ,,caps if x is at all uncommon4 ,:5 ! report] writes a "n su* z ,willson or ,jonnes or ,georg1 a "n :i* deviates slightly f a famili> "n1 x is wise to write x ?us 444 & ,georg 7,correct7 ,br&es :o 444 !n ! copy read] kn[s t ! report] has n left (f a lett] & ! pr9t] & pro( read] also "k t ! ^w mu/ /& z writt54 ,all prop] names %\ld be look$ up 9 ! directory1 diction>y or encyclop$ia unless ! report] or copy read] is sure ( ! spell+4 ,to misspell a man's "n %akes t man's fai? 9 ! newspap]2 leads him to believe t if ! newspap] c't write 8 "n correctly1 x is likely to make o!r mi/akes4 ,nev] use ,mr4 be=e a man's ,*ri/ian "n4 ,give 8 full "n & !n speak ( him !reaft] z ,mr4 ,blank4 ,d n write3 ,mr4 ,john ,j4 ,blank4 ,d n quote famili> nicknames1 su* z ,billy ,sunday1 ,ty ,cobb1 ,sam ,craw=d1 ,jim ,corbett4 ,d n write3 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,police ,m>qu>dt1 b ,supt4 ,m>qu>dt1 or ,ern/ ,m>qu>dt1 sup]9t5d5t ( police4 ,nev] ref] to a woman1 no matt] h[ l[ly h] social position1 z ! ,smi? woman4 ,call h] ,mrs4 ,smi? or ,miss ,smi?4 ,d n use ! title pr(essor unless ! p]son spok5 ( is or 0 a memb] ( a college or univ]sity faculty4 ,because a man is a pr9cipal ( a high s*ool1 a mesm]i/ or ! tra9] ( sea lions1 he is n = t reason entitl$ to call himself ,pr(4 ,blank4 ,d n use "n h&les1 su* z ,but*] ,smi?1 ,groc] ,jones4 ,d n use ma/] 9 ref]r+ to a boy4 ,write ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,james ,smi?1 n ,james ,smi? & wife4 ,d n write ,mrs4 ,judge ,smi?1 or ,mrs4 ,dr4 ,jones4 ,use ! indef9ite article1 z ,frank ,smi?1 a plumb]2 ,william ,jones1 a b>b]4 ,use ! def9ite article 9 nam+ p]sons ( di/9ction1 z ,william ,dean ,h[ells1 ! writ]2 ,s>ah ,b]nh>dt1 ! actress4 ,! surname is writt5 fir/ among ! ,*9ese4 ,sun ,yat ,s5 is ,dr4 ,sun4 ,li ,hung ,*ang is ,mr4 ,li4 ,*9ese is a monosyllabic language & all names %\ld be writt5 ) ea* syllable capitaliz$1 b hyph5s are us$ ) geographical names1 z1 ,yang-,tse-,kiang1 ,ho-,hang-,ho1 except ,pek91 ,nank91 ,%anghai1 ,hank[ & ,canton4 ,drop unnecess>y lett]s 9 ,*9ese names :5ev] possible1 z ,pek97g71 ,yuan ,%i7h7 ,kai1 ,ho7w7-,hang-,ho4 ,write a man's "n z he writes x4 ,x is n ,a4 ,h4 ,fraz]2 x is n ,allan ,fraz]2 b ,allan ,h4 ,fraz]4 ,x is n ,f4 ,h4 ,cr\l or ,frank ,cr\l1 b ,frank ,h4 ,cr\l4 ,x is ! ,k+ ( ! ,belgians1 n ! ,k+ ( ,belgium4 ,writ+ ( a knight1 be sure t y use 8 fir/ "n ) ! title ,sir4 ,he is ,sir ,ar?ur ,conan ,doyle1 n ,sir ,conan ,doyle4 ,nev] write ,sir ,doyle4 ,! wife ( a knight1 h[ev]1 is address$ z ,lady ,blank1 n necess>ily ,lady ,m>y ,blank4 ,,jew ,,& ,,hebrew ,! prop] use ( ! words ,hebrew & ,jew has be5 expla9$ by ! ,am]ican ,jewi% ,committee1 z foll[s3 ,al?\gh no h>d & fa/ rules c be laid d[n1 ! ^w ',hebrew' has come to h a purely racial connotation4 ,x ref]s to a race & to ! language ( t race4 ,?us we he> ( a ',hebrew ,*ri/ian1' mean+ a p]son ( ,hebrew desc5t :o has be5 rais$ 9 or adopt$ ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,! ^w ',jew1' al?\gh (t5 us$ = d5ot+ a memb] ( ! ,hebrew race )\t ref]5ce to religion or nationality1 has come1 9 ! be/ usage1 to h two re/rict$ mean+s--a national & a religi\s mean+4 ,x us$ to mean a p]son :o 0 a subject ( ! ,k+dom ( ,judah1 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ,pale/9e1 & lat] x 0 also appli$ to ^? :o 7 subjects ( ! nor!rn ,k+dom ( ,israel4 ,"u ,roman dom9ation ,pale/9e 0 call$ ',judea' & its inhabitants ',jews4' ,! ^w ,jew has ! same s5se n[ among ^? :o believe t ! disp]sion ( ! ,jewi% p & ! fact t !y possess no t]ritory ( _! own has n depriv$ !m ( _! "* z a nation or nationality4 ,! o!r mean+ ( ',jew' is any "o :o pr(esses ! religi\s pr9ciples laid d[n 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t z int]pret$ 9 ! ,talmud4 ,?us1 a ,g5tile :o adopts ! ,jewi% fai? may be call$ a ,jew1 b may n be call$ a ,hebrew1 because he does n desc5d f t sub-class ( ! ,semitic race f :i* ! ,hebrews are reput$ to come4 ,up to ! la/ qu>t] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ! ,jews r>ely appli$ ! t]m ',jew' to !mselves1 z x 0 us$ z a t]m ( opprobrium & z a contemptu\s epi!t4 ,! ,jews pref]r$ to call !mselves ',hebrews' or ',israelites4' ,s9ce ab\t #ahhj1 h[ev]1 ! ,jewi% p h come to adopt ?is "n m & m g5]ally1 & x has begun to lose its d]ogatory mean+4 ,! ^w ',jew' is always a n\n1 & its use z an adjective 9 su* cases z ',jew boy' & ',jew p$dl]1' etc41 is z ungrammatical z x is vulg>4 ,don't use ,jew z a v]b1 z1 ,i jew$ him d[n to a doll>4 ,,notes ,,*ur* ,,titles ,writ+ ( cl]gym51 foll[ ?is /yle3 ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,john ,j4 ,blank1 ,dr4 ,blank1 ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,blank4 ,nev] ,rev4 ,blank or ! ,rev4 ,blank4 ,bi%ops ( ! ,ca?olic1 ,anglican or ,episcopal communions use ! prefix ,"r ,rev]5d1 abbreviat$ ,rt4 ,rev4 ,bi%ops ( ! ,me?odi/ *ur* ,,nev] use ! prefix ,rt4 ,rev4 ,!y make no claim to apo/olic succession4 ,! usage ( ,me?odism is to write1 = example1 ,bi%op ,!odore ,som]s ,h5d]son1 ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal area ( ,detroit4 ,9 ! ,me?odi/ *ur* an episcopal division is d5om9at$1 ,area2 9 ! ,ca?olic & ,anglican communions1 ,diocese4 ,deans ( ! ,ca?olic & ,anglican *ur*es use ! prefix ,v ,rev4 ,"u no circum/ances call prie/s ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur* m9i/]s4 ,call !m ei!r prie/s or pa/ors4 ,! d5om9ational usage 9 ! ,me?odi/ *ur* is to call cl]gym5 prea*]s4 ,9 ! ,congregational & ,presbyt]ian *ur*es x is 9 accord ) d5om9ational usage to call cl]gym5 m9i/]s4 ,ar*bi%ops ( ! ,ca?olic *ur* c>ry ! prefix ,mo/ ,rev42 c>d9als1 ,8 ,em95ce2 z1 ,8 ,em95ce1 ,james1 ,c>d9al ,gibbons4 ,inv>iably ! ^w ,rabbi %\ld be plac$ be=e ! "n ( a ,jewi% pa/or4 ,x %\ld be writt51 ,rabbi ,leo ,m4 ,frankl91 ( ! ,temple ,be? ,el2 nev] ,dr4 ,leo ,m4 ,frankl91 rabbi ( ! ,temple ,be? ,el4 ,nev] use indiscrim9ately ! prefix ,dr4 9 ! case ( a cl]gyman4 ,cl]gym5 ( any d5om9ation are n entitl$ to ! prefix ,dr4 unless ! degree ( ,doctor ( ,div9ity has be5 conf]r$ on !m by "s recogniz$ college or univ]sity4 ,write a prie/'s "n1 ! ,rev4 ,fr4 ,blank1 or ,fr4 ,blank4 ,,comp\nds ,web/]'s ,new ,int]national ,diction>y is ! /&>d ( ! (fice on comp\nd+ words1 on hyph5ation & on spell+1 except z ! /yle ( ,! ,news not$ 9 ?is book is diff]5t4 ---------------------------------------- ------ ,,report] ,,( ,,! ,,new 444 ,,remembranc] ,,( ,,! ,,old ,,& ,,tri$ 444 ,,h]ald ,,( ,,:at ,,is ,,to ,,come4 ---------------------------------------- ------ ,,sup]flu\s ,,words ,avoid awkw>d phrases z a man ( ! "n (4 ,a man nam$ is n only bett] /yle b %ort]4 ,d n write at ! corn] ( ,/ate & ,griswold /reets1 b simply at ,/ate & ,griswold /reets4 ,9 place ( s t use ei!r s or t4 ,9 ! phrases t foll[1 obs]ve t ! italiciz$ words are n ne$$4 ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! /ate ?r\gh\t ! entire /ate 9 ord] to a hill resembl+ 9 its =m a hat ! problem is a difficult "o he address$ ! diff]5t s*ools ,z yet no clue has be5 f\nd he works equally z h>d mo/ are ( a l>ge size ! color ( ! hat 0 gre5 ,don't say invit$ gue/4 ,x is suppos$ t a gue/ is invit$4 ,don't say ,!y bo? w5t4 ,omit !y4 ,write equally well1 or z well1 n equally z well4 ,don't write new beg9n] or new recruit4 ,don't write g5]al cons5sus ( op9ion4 ,omit ! g5]al4 ,cons5sus means a g5]al agreem5t4 ,don't say entirely complet$4 ,complet$ means f9i%$ 9 entirety4 ,don't say p>tly complet$2 t phrase involves a contradiction4 ,don't write t he has a brilliant future be=e him4 ,futures d n lie 9 ! pa/4 ,don't say pres5t incumb5t4 ,incumb5t means at pres5t 9 (fice4 ,don't say old adage4 ,if x's an adage1 x's old4 ,don't write wid[ woman1 true facts1 old vet]ans1 ! la grippe1 ! hoi polloi4 ,don't say possibly may or possibly might4 ,! v]b conveys ! idea ( possibility4 ,two words may be disc>d$ g5]ally 9 ! phrase :e!r or n4 ,write x3 ,he doesn't "k :e!r he w g4 ,omit ! italiciz$ phrase 9 ,he 0 ?r[n a di/ance ( #ej feet4 ,don't write regul> mon?ly meet+4 ,if x's mon?ly1 x's regul>4 ,if a man is well kn[n1 x is n necess>y to say s4 ,omit ! adv]b 9 ! phrase totally de/roy$4 ,don't write /ill p]si/s4 ,/ill is sup]flu\s4 ,make x noon1 n high noon4 ,,vital ,,/ati/ics ,9 writ+ obitu>ies ! report] mu/ use ! greate/ c>e1 = x is v easy to (f5d ! family ( ! subject ( ! obitu>y4 ,avoid ! conv5tional euphemisms4 ,pref]3 body to rema9s s5d body to %ip body c(f9 to casket fl[]s to floral (f]+s fun]al to obsequies wid[ to wife burial to int]m5t ! dead man to deceas$ or defunct ,avoid3 ! late late resid5ce solemn black sable he>se la/ sad rites ,m>riage is a /ate4 ,! c]emony is a w$d+4 ,don't m>ry ! man to ! woman4 ,! woman is always m>ri$ to ! man4 ,don't say a m>riage 0 consummat$4 ,fun]al means int]m5t4 ,write3 ,fun]al s]vices 7 held at ! *ur* & burial 0 9 ,ev]gre5 ,cemet]y4 ,d n use he>t failure = he>t disease4 ,all p]sons die because ! he>t fails to beat4 ,write simply1 he di$1 & n pass$ away1 %uffl$ (f ?is mortal coil1 gave up ! gho/1 or any simil>ly amateuri% phrase4 ,!re is no occasion = clo?+ ! incid5t ( dea? 9 a panoply ( words1 nor %\ld bir? be writt5 ( except simply4 ,d n say1 a little /rang] 0 u%]$ into a cold _w1 b a *ild 0 born4 ,9 writ+ ( vital /ati/ics--dea?1 bir?1 m>riage--be cont5t to /ate ! facts )\t unnecess>y embelli%m5t4 ,=get ab\t ! /ork1 ! grim reap]1 ,hym5 & ,cupid4 ,a ,,diction>y ,wrote ,sir ,clif=d ,allbutt3 ,a diction>y 'sanctions' no?+ ( its cont5ts1 b x enables u by consultation ( its /ores to comp>e & *oose = ourselves4 ,9 us+ ?is lib]ty we %all nei!r be subs]vi5t to ! prescriptions ( age1 nor scornful ( mod]n fre$om2 9 e use we %all be guid$ by hi/orical gr[?1 ! example ( ! be/ au?ors1 & our pres5t necessities4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,,sc\rge ,,( ,,evil ,,do]s 444 ,,expos] ,,( ,,secret ,,iniquities 444 ,,unrel5t+ ,,foe ,,( ,,privilege ,,& ,,corruption4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,,spell+ ,,look ,,x ,,up ,,if ,,y ,,are ,,n ,,sure4 ,,bett] ,,look ,,x ,,up ,,anyway4 ,if two spell+s are giv5 9 ! diction>y1 ! fir/ cit$ is pref]able4 ,foll[ ^! spell+s3 airplane ayes & noes ax base ball basket ball baz> birdseye blond 7bo? n\n & adjective7 ,budape/ c n ,*ile 7,s\? ,am]ica7 ,*ili 7,africa7 clue decollete dispat* draft dr\? ,duma employe ,eskimo facsimile ,filip9o foot ball gaily gaiety goodby gu>antee 7v]b7 gu>anty 7n\n7 ,hayti ,h9du ,kh>tum kidnap$ ,korea ,leipzig ,macaulay's ,hi/ory ,mohamm$ ne>by pl[ ,porto ,rico rep]tory ,%akespe>e ,%akespe>ean skilful te*nic ,tibet today ,tol/oy tomorr[ ,turg5ieff ty+ vilify vy+ :isky ,wilkes-,b>re woolly _w s]ies ,write3 ,p>cel po/1 n p>cels po/4 ,be sure t prop] names are spell$ uni=mly ?r\gh\t a /ory4 ,use ! =m 9 in/ead ( en 9 su* words z indorse1 inclose4 ,write x3 ,trade unions1 n trades unions4 ,use no diph?ongs :5 !y c be avoid$4 ,write3 ane/hetic1 e/hetic1 m$ieval1 maneuv]1 subp5a1 homeopa?ic4 ,foll[ ! ,am]ican spell+ on *ecks1 tires1 curb1 pajamas1 disreg>d+ ! ,briti% *eques1 tyres1 k]b1 pyjamas4 ,make ! plural ( ,knight ,templ>1 ,knights ,templ>4 ,don't add s to3 aft]w>d1 backw>d1 =w>d1 t[>d4 ,z a g5]al rule *ange -re to -er :5 x is ! la/ syllable1 z 9 !at]1 calib]1 timb]4 ,bew>e ( effect & affect1 & use !m c>efully4 ,a long way1 n a long ways4 ,di/+ui% betwe53 depository & deposit>y2 betwe5 insanit>y & unsanit>y2 betwe5 immoral & unmoral2 betwe5 c\ncilor1 consul> & c\nselor2 betwe5 c\ncil & c\nsel & consul2 betwe5 capitol & capital2 betwe5 clamant & claimant2 betwe5 se> & se] & s]e2 betwe5 emigrant & immigrant2 betwe5 fak] & fakir2 betwe5 bree* & brea*2 betwe5 aug] & augur2 betwe5 ho>d & horde2 betwe5 less5 & lesson2 betwe5 pr9ciple & pr9cipal2 betwe5 prophecy & prophesy2 betwe5 advice & advise2 betwe5 maize & maze2 betwe5 site & sight4 ,! p ( ,panama are ,panamans1 n ,panamanians1 j z we are ,am]icans1 n ,am]icanians4 ,two cities 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates take f9al gh4 ,!y are ,pittsburgh1 ,pa41 & ,newburgh1 ,n4 ,y4 ,also write x ,ed9burgh4 ,drop ! uns\nd$ f9al lett]s 9 su* words z program1 catalog1 suffraget1 dialog1 cig>et1 decalog4 ,simil>ly1 write armor1 favor1 color1 & ,savior4 ,"s words h lo/ prefix or suffix1 & if !y are 9 good use 9 _! curtail$ =m1 !y %\ld be writt5 )\t apo/rophes1 z1 cello & v>sity4 ,,popul> ,,names ,,( ,,railroads ,big ,f\r ,c9c9nati1 ,*icago ,/4 ,l\is4 ,burl+ton ,*icago1 ,burl+ton ,qu9cy4 ,clov] ,leaf ,tol$o1 ,/4 ,l\is ,we/]n4 ,cotton ,belt ,/4 ,l\is ,s\?we/]n4 ,katy ,miss\ri1 ,kansas ,texas4 ,lackawanna ,delaw>e1 ,lackawanna ,we/]n4 ,lake ,%ore ,lake ,%ore ,mi*igan ,s\!rn4 ,look\t ,m\nta9 ,na%ville1 ,*attanooga ,/4 ,l\is4 ,monon ,*icago1 ,indiana ,l\isville4 ,nickel ,plate ,new ,york1 ,*icago ,/4 ,l\is4 ,pan ,h&le ,pittsburg1 ,clevel&1 ,*icago ,/4 ,l\is4 ,que5 ,cresc5t ,c9c9nati1 ,new ,orleans ,texas4 ,rock ,isl& ,*icago1 ,rock ,isl& ,pacific4 ,soo ,milwaukee ,sault ,/e4 ,m>ie4 ,/4 ,paul1 or ,milwaukee ,*icago1 ,milwaukee ,/4 ,paul4 ,,notes ,,d ,,& ,,don',t ,don't use ! words suicide & murd] 9 heads on /ories rec\nt+ ! details ( specific crimes or _! prosecution4 ,h[ev]1 %\ld a /ory ( ! sociological type appe>1 deal+ )1 = example1 ! increase 9 ! numb] ( suicides or ! attempts ( ! police to r$uce ! numb] ( murd]s1 ! use ( ei!r ^w 9 ! headl9e is all[$4 ,9 ! body ( ! /ory ! mo/ natural expression & good ta/e mu/ guide ! writ]1 & ! use ( ^! words is p]missible if !y mo/ cle>ly & effectively express ! in=mation 9 h&4 ,names ( girls or wom5 :o are ! victims ( actual or attempt$ indec5t attack are n to be publi%$ "u ord9>y circum/ances4 ,au?ority = exceptions w be grant$ by ! editor :5 !re is suffici5t reason4 ,use ! names ( ,,poisons only :5 ess5tial to ! /ory4 ,nev] call a policeman a cop4 ,keep ! report] or a repres5tative ( ,! ,news out ( ! /ory4 ,x is und]/ood t a report] & a report] = ,! ,news writes a /ory t appe>s 9 ,! ,news4 ,write ! ,engli% language4 ,= s9e qua non1 write ess5tials2 = de rigu]1 c\p d'etat1 c\p de grace1 ,/urm und ,drang1 au fait & simil> phrases use ,engli% equival5ts4 ,"s exceptions are decollete1 fiancee & fiance1 & o!r words :i* h be5 tak5 ov] into ! language4 ,don't mix languages4 ,write a day1 n p] day4 ,z a g5]al rule use p] only 9 ! phrase p] c5t4 ,comatose means 9 a /ate ( pr(\nd ins5sibility1 n m]ely daz$ z "s writ]s believe4 ,et al4 /&s = ! ,lat9 et alii1 et aliae1 or et alia1 mean+ & o!rs4 ,( c\rse x %\ld nev] be writt5 et als4 to =m a fanci$ plural4 ,prone means ly+ flat & face d[nw>d4 ,"o c n lie prone on ! back4 ,sup9e means ly+ on ! back4 ,use pseudonym1 a good ,engli% ^w1 or p5 "n1 & n nom de plume1 :i* isn't ev5 good ,fr5*4 ,says ,l',int]m$iaire1 a ,fr5* j\rnal3 ,we d n "k 9 our language ! expression nom de plume4 ,we h ! phrase nom de gu]re4 ,don't use mo/ = almo/1 z1 ,i am mo/ z tall z y4 ,nev] write kiddies or tots4 ,write kids :5 ref]r+ to "y goats or to *ildr5 9 /ories writt5 9 a _s ( levity1 z1 ,?is is ! big day = ! kids on ,belle ,isle4 ,don't try to ar\se sympa?y = *ildr5 9 un=tunate circum/ances by call+ !m poor little tots1 or poor kiddies4 ,avoid words borr[$ f ! yell[-backs1 su* z1 ,! bullet cra%$ ?r\gh 8 bra91 ,%e tripp$ d[n ! /eps4 ,try su* s5t5ces z ?is on y\r hiss]3 ,i w n g1 he hiss$4 ,9 news /ories don't use ?ieves' slang1 z1 dick1 frisk1 dip1 gat4 ,don't use ! editorial we4 ,x is old-fa%ion$4 ,say ,! ,detroit ,news4 ,don't ref] to ! ,d>w9ian !ory or to ,dr4 ,osl]'s !ory )\t kn[+ :at !y mean4 ,don't call a revolv] a gun or a pi/ol a revolv]4 ,x is automatic pi/ol4 ,report]s frequ5tly quote ,kipl+ to ! effect t we/ is we/1 ea/ is ea/1 & nev] ! twa9 %all meet4 ,b if !y knew ! poem1 !y w\ld be aw>e ( ! fact t ! next l9e qualifies ! quot$ l9es & vitiates ! obs]vation4 ,! exception proves ! rule is a phrase t arises f ignorance1 ?\gh common to good writ]s4 ,! orig9al ^w 0 preuves1 :i* did n mean proves b te/s4 ,say 9 bad condition1 n 9 bad %ape4 ,a toga 0 a g>m5t worn by a ,roman citiz54 ,! ^w is p]si/5tly misus$ to ref] to s5atorial honors4 ,avoid newspap] slang4 ,to all b a few ( our read]s ! ^w /ory means n an item ( news 9 ! pap] b a piece ( fiction4 ,to speak ( a /ory mean+ a piece = ! pap] is to confuse !m4 ,say article or item4 ,don't write alright4 ,!re is no su* ^w 9 ! language4 ,avoid poetic =ms4 ,d n use among/ = among4 ,?i!r & :i!r h a booki% s\nd4 ,pref] ! simple :ile to ! fancy :il/4 ,!re are no degrees ( c]ta9ty4 ,don't write a ?+ seems m c]ta94 ,amateur means non-pr(essional1 n necess>ily unskill$4 ,novice implies lack ( skill4 ,spectators see2 an audi5ce is a collection ( auditors4 ,spectators g to ball games & motion picture !at]s4 ,use r5d] 9 speak+ ( l>d & n ( songs4 ,don't use complect$ = complexion$4 ,don't write bett] half = wife4 ,d n write t a ?+ gr[s small]4 ,we write wages are4 ,! biblical phrase is1 ,! wages ( s9 is dea?4 ,don't write ! ?ree fir/4 ,y mean ! fir/ ?ree4 ,a ju/ice presides 9 police c\rt1 9 ju/ice c\rt & 9 ! supreme c\rt4 ,a judge presides 9 o!r c\rts except ! record]'s c\rt1 :i* is presid$ ov] by ! record] & 8 associate4 ,ju/ices ( ! supreme c\rt ( ! /ates & ! nation are ref]r$ to z ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,jones or ,*ief ,ju/ice ,:ite4 ,avoid ! hackney$ phrase1 a miracul\s escape4 ,x is almo/ an unbreakable rule t report]s & copy read]s %all v]ify all quotations4 ,_m ( ! mo/ famili> phrases are popul>ly misquot$4 ,don't write ! above /atem5t or ! /atem5t giv5 above4 ,x may n be above :5 x gets into ! pap]4 ,write ! =ego+ /atem5t4 ,don't use ab\t mean+ approximately except ) r\nd numb]s4 ,d n write ab\t #bg c5ts or ab\t #ab m9utes aft] #h o'clock1 b write ab\t #aj or ab\t #aj1jjj p]sons4 ,don't confuse ,o & ,oh4 ,! =m] is ! =mal spell+ ( ! int]jection & is us$ usually 9 poetry1 z1 ,sail on1 ,o ,%ip ( ,/ate6 ,x is us$ 9 supplication1 z1 ,o ,god1 he> our pray]6 ,! ,oh spell+ is t commonly us$1 z1 ,oh1 de>2 ,oh1 :at %all ,i d8 ,x is usually writt5 ) a comma4 ,,dana',s ,,eight ,,rules ,*>les ,a4 ,dana's eight rules = ! guidance ( a newspap] man are3 #a4 ,get ! news1 all ! news1 & no?+ b ! news4 #b4 ,copy no?+ f ano!r publication )\t giv+ p]fect cr$it4 #c4 ,nev] pr9t an int]view )\t ! k & cons5t ( ! p>ty int]view$4 #d4 ,nev] pr9t a paid adv]tisem5t z news matt]4 ,let e adv]tisem5t appe> z an adv]tisem5t2 no sail+ "u false colors4 #e4 ,nev] attack ! weak & def5seless1 ei!r by argum5t1 by invective1 or by ridicule1 unless !re is "s absolute public necessity = s do+4 #f4 ,fight = y\r op9ions1 b d n believe t !y conta9 ! :ole tru? or ! only tru?4 #g4 ,support y\r p>ty1 if y h "o2 b d n ?9k t all ! good m5 are 9 x or all ! bad ones outside4 #h4 ,above all1 believe t humanity is advanc+1 t !re is progress 9 human affairs1 & t z sure z ,god lives ! future w be bett] ?an ! pa/ or pres5t4 ---------------------------------------- - 444 ,,promot] ,,( ,,civic ,,welf>e ,,& ,,civic ,,pride 444 ,,bond ,,( ,,civic ,,unity 444 ,,protector ,,( ,,civic ,,rights4 ---------------------------------------- - ,,! ,,cann]y ,dean ,al=d says3 ,be simple1 be unaffect$1 be hone/ 9 y\r speak+ & writ+4 ,call a spade a spade1 n a well kn[n oblong in/rum5t ( manual husb&ry4 ,elegance ( language may n be 9 ! p[] ( all ( u1 b simplicity & /raight=w>dness are4 ,_m pages w\ld be requir$ to li/ all ! s-call$ bromides t h be5 worn ?readb>e by con/ant use & abuse 9 newspap]s4 ,(t5 ^! phrases are us$ to avoid :at ! writ] believes to be annoy+ repetition4 ,x is bett] to use ! ^w fire _m times 9 a p>agraph ?an to use ! ^w conflagration once4 ,s _m phrases h become hackney$ 9 newspap]s t ! comic magaz9es make jokes ab\t !m4 ,?is is f ,puck3 ,a ,,newspap] ,,diction>y ,appropriate ,ex]cises4--,:at ! celebration op5$ )4 ,good-,natur$ ,cr[d4--,p out on election night4 ,firm1 ,cle> ,tones4--,:at ! bride utt]$ ! responses 94 ,he>t ( ! ,bus9ess ,section4--,di/rict ?reat5$ by fire4 7,see "u control47 ,l& ,(fice ,bus9ess4--,:at ! *>ity baza> did4 7,see pretty girls47 ,lusci\s ,bivalve4--,:at ! pe>l 0 f\nd 94 7,see poor %oemak]47 ,musical ,circles4--,:at ! ho/ess is prom95t 94 7,see arti/ic int]pretation47 ,pool ( ,blood4--,:at ! body 0 ly+ 94 ,s5sational ,failure4--,a ,wall /reet bankruptcy4 ,trojans4--,:at ! m5 7 work+ l4 ,und]curr5t ( ,excitem5t4--,some?+ t ran ?r\gh ! audi5ce4 7,see t5se mom5t47 ,well-,kn[n ,s\!rn ,family4--,:at ! bridegroom is a memb] (4 ,avoid su* phrases z3 burly ,negro smok+ revolv] *e]$ to ! e*o 9 durance vile h]culean ef=ts x goes )\t say+ limps into port d>+ robb] bolt f a cle> sky facile p5 brea?less sil5ce crisp bill grim reap] dusky damsel tonsorial p>lor vale ( te>s d5iz5s ( ! deep f9ny tribe knights ( ! grip l rats 9 a trap speculation is rife = #aj long ye>s sev]$ 8 connection 7say he quit7 solon probe city fa!r leave no /one unturn$ :ipp$ out a gun old ,sol fair ,luna ,dan ,cupid ,dame ,fa%ion milady ,jupit] ,pluvius affix$ 8 signature va/ conc\rse edifice 0 consum$ infuriat$ animal summon$ a physician busy m>ts ( trade breakneck spe$ high dudgeon fragrant ,havana div9e passion city ba/ile immaculate l95 m9ions ( ! law ra% act nev] 9 ! hi/ory ( sad rites tidy sum light collation pale z dea? totally de/roy$ news leak$ out root$ to ! spot w> to ! knife fair sex :ite z a %eet to ! bitt] end well-kn[n clubman pill> ( ! *ur* l>ge & en?usia/ic audi5ce natty suit giant pa*yd]m swa!d 9 b&ages t9y tots *eck]$ c>e] angry mob dull1 sick5+ ?ud foeman wor?y ( 8 /eel great beyond d[ny c\* too?some vi&s ,/udy ( a !saurus--!re is "o 9 ! libr>y--w enl>ge ! vocabul>y & help ! writ] to rid himself ( ^! trite phrases4 ,h[ fre% words may give life to a piece ( writ+ is %[n 9 ! *apt] 9 ?is book on ! use ( adjectives4 ,,cl>ity1 ,,=ce1 ,,grace ,( ! ?ree g5]ally recogniz$ qualities ( good /yle--cl>ity1 =ce & grace--x is ! la/ & ! la/ alone 9 :i* critics ( newspap] ,engli% f9d _! mat]ial1 reads an editorial 9 ! ,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/4 ,beauty1 grace1 sugge/ion ( t f9al t\* :i* conf]s on its object ! immortality ( p]fect art1 are ne>ly always conspicu\sly abs5t4 ,,mi*igan ,,in/itutions ,!re are no convicts 9 ,mi*igan except m5 :o h escap$ or :o h be5 dis*>g$ f in/itutions 9 o!r /ates4 ,! ,mi*igan ,/ate ,prison at ,jackson h\ses inmates4 ,! same is true ( ! ,mi*igan ,re=matory at ,ionia & ! ,/ate ,h\se ( ,correction at ,m>quette4 ,indu/rial s*ools1 homes1 hospitals & a /ate public s*ool h succe$$ re=m s*ools 9 ,mi*igan4 ,! humaniz+ movem5t has l$ ! /ate to decl>e t p]sons deta9$ 9 su* in/itutions %all be designat$ pupils1 pati5ts or inmates4 ,!re are no prison]s 9 ,mi*igan juv5ile in/itutions4 ,! practice ( pr9t+ ! prison record ( a man arre/$ 9 connection ) ! commission ( a crime b n convict$ ( t crime is disc\rag$ on ,! ,news4 ,(t51 =m] inmates ( prisons1 /riv+ to lead dec5t lives1 are br\ght 9 by ! police on suspicion4 ,to pr9t _! names may be to injure !m ne$lessly )\t imp>t+ valuable in=mation to our read]s4 ,! correct names ( /ate in/itutions z giv5 9 ! ,mi*igan ,(ficial ,directory & ,legislative ,manual 7! r$ book7 are3 ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan1 ,ann ,arbor4 ,mi*igan ,agricultural ,college1 ,ea/ ,lans+4 ,/ate ,normal ,college1 ,ypsilanti4 ,c5tral ,mi*igan ,normal ,s*ool1 ,mt4 ,pleasant4 ,nor!rn ,/ate ,normal ,s*ool1 ,m>quette4 ,we/]n ,/ate ,normal ,s*ool1 ,kalamazoo4 ,mi*igan ,college ( ,m9es1 ,h\ghton4 ,mi*igan ,s*ool = ! ,deaf1 ,fl9t4 ,mi*igan ,s*ool = ! ,bl9d1 ,lans+4 ,mi*igan ,employm5t ,in/itution = ! ,bl9d1 ,sag9aw4 ,/ate ,public ,s*ool1 ,coldwat]4 ,indu/rial ,s*ool = ,boys1 ,lans+4 ,indu/rial ,home = ,girls1 ,adrian4 ,mi*igan ,soldi]s' ,home1 ,gr& ,rapids4 ,/ate ,psy*opa?ic ,hospital1 ,ann ,arbor4 ,kalamazoo ,/ate ,hospital4 ,pontiac ,/ate ,hospital4 ,trav]se ,city ,/ate ,hospital4 ,newb]ry ,/ate ,hospital4 ,mi*igan ,home & ,tra9+ ,s*ool1 ,lape]4 ,mi*igan ,f>m ,colony = ,epileptics1 ,wahjamega4 ,ionia ,/ate ,hospital4 ,mi*igan ,/ate ,prison1 ,jackson4 ,/ate ,h\se ( ,correction1 ,m>quette4 ,mi*igan ,re=matory1 ,ionia4 ,detroit ,h\se ( ,correction4 ,/ate ,sanitorium1 ,h[ell4 ,,army ,,& ,,navy ,,organization ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,army consi/s ( (fic]s1 non-commission$ (fic]s & privates4 ,(fic]s hold commissions4 ,non-commission$ (fic]s hold w>rants4 ,(fic]s 9 ! regul> army engage to s]ve ! ,unit$ ,/ates = life & may leave ! s]vice only on ! acceptance ( _! resignations1 on retirem5t or on dismissal impos$ by s5t5ce ( a g5]al c\rt m>tial4 ,enli/$ m5 9 "t ( peace engage to s]ve = a def9ite t]m ( ye>s & at ! expiration ( ?is t]m1 return to civil life or re-enli/ z !y may elect4 ,non-commission$ (fic]s are enli/$ m5 & ! duration ( _! s]vice is gov]n$ by ! same rules t apply to privates4 ,! grades ( commission$ (fic]s1 giv5 9 accordance ) _! relative rank are3 ,g5]al1 lieut5ant-g5]al1 major-g5]al1 brigadi]-g5]al1 colonel1 lieut5ant-colonel1 major1 capta91 fir/ lieut5ant1 second lieut5ant4 ,! grades ( enli/$ m5 are s]geant1 corporal & private4 ,!re are num]\s special grades 9 ea* ( ^! g5]al classes4 ,ma/] s]geants1 ma/] electricians1 etc41 are ! highe/ paid enli/$ m5 & rank all o!rs4 ,e commission$ (fic] ranks e enli/$ man reg>dless ( ! l5g? ( _! respective s]vices4 ,all (fic]s are ( equal social rank4 ,(fic]s & enli/$ m5 are =bidd5 to associate socially4 ,cadets at ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,milit>y ,academy are nei!r enli/$ nor commission$ b h a /atus ( _! own4 ,socially !y rank ) (fic]s4 ,!y are requir$ to salute all (fic]s b are n entitl$ to ! salutes ( enli/$ m54 ,fly+ cadets 9 ! ,signal ,corps1 :o are c&idates = commissions z aviators or a]onauts1 also h a /atus ( _! own4 ,!y are requir$ to salute (fic]s b d n receive ! salutes ( enli/$ m54 ,(fic]s salute "o ano!r1 ! juniors salut+ ! s5iors1 :o ackn[l$ge ! c\rtesy4 ,! infantry organization is bas$ on ! company4 ,"u w> conditions1 ! company consi/s ( #bej m54 ,f\r companies =m a battalion1 & ?ree battalions a regim5t4 ,a headqu>t]s company1 a supply company & a ma*9e gun company also are atta*$ to ea* regim5t4 ,^! ?ree are small] ?an ! o!r companies4 ,! b& is "p ( ! headqu>t]s company4 ,! cavalry organization includes ! troop1 squadron ( f\r troops1 & regim5t ( ?ree squadrons1 ) headqu>t]s1 ma*9e gun & supply organizations4 ,! field artill]y regim5t is made up ( six batt]ies1 divid$ into two battalions4 ,x also has headqu>t]s & supply companies4 ,! infantry company is divid$ into platoons & ! platoons into squads ( eight m5 ea*4 ,! field artill]y batt]y is divid$ into platoons & sections4 ,! coa/ artill]y until ! w> _h no regim5tal organization b consi/$ ( sev]al sep>ate companies4 ,all ! companies /ation$ 9 a coa/ def5se di/rict 7 "u ! comm& ( ! rank+ (fic] 9 t di/rict4 ,= s]vice abroad ) heavy mobile artill]y1 sev]al coa/ artill]y regim5ts 7 organiz$ on ! infantry model4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,navy consi/s ( commission$ (fic]s1 w>rant (fic]s1 petty (fic]s & enli/$ m5 )\t rat+s4 ,! (fic]s' grades are3 ,admiral ( ! ,navy1 vice-admiral1 re>-admiral1 capta91 comm&]1 lieut5ant-comm&]1 lieut5ant1 lieut5ant junior grade1 ensign4 ,! w>rant (fic]s rank bel[ commission$ (fic]s & above enli/$ m54 ,gunn]s1 boatswa9s1 ma*9i/s1 etc41 are w>rant (fic]s4 ,!y we> a uni=m simil> to t ( commission$ (fic]s b ) diff]5t insignia4 ,*ief petty (fic]s & petty (fic]s are enli/$ m54 ,*ief petty (fic]s we> a d\ble-brea/$ bl\se & a cap simil> to t won by (fic]s b ) a diff]5t ornam5t4 ,petty (fic]s & unrat$ enli/$ m5 we> ! sailor %irt & ei!r ! flat hat or ! wat* cap4 ,petty (fic]s are rat$ fir/1 second & ?ird class1 ! fir/ ! highe/4 ,m5 abo>d %ip are organiz$ 9 divisions4 ,! comm&] ( a %ip is call$ capta9 by c\rtesy reg>dless ( 8 real grade4 ,! m>9e corps is "u ! control ( ! ,navy ,dep>tm5t b has an organization sep>ate f ! ,navy prop]4 ,x has ! same grades ( (fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s 7) "s exceptions among ! latt]7 z ! army4 ,! corps is comm&$ by a major-g5]al1 :i* is ! highe/ grade to :i* m>9e corps (fic]s are eligible4 ,,! ,,way ,,to ,,become ,,orig9al ,"h is a classic bit ( advice giv5 by ,flaub]t to de ,maupassant3 ,:atev] "o wi%es to say1 !re is only "o n\n to express x1 only "o v]b to give x life1 only "o adjective to qualify x4 ,se>*1 !n1 till t n\n1 t v]b1 t adjective are discov]$2 nev] be cont5t ) 'v ne>ly1' nev] h rec\rse to tricks1 h[ev] happy2 or to buffoon]ies ( language2 to avoid a difficulty4 ,?is is ! way to become orig9al4 ---------------------------------------- ---- ,,upbuild] ,,( ,,! ,,home 444 ,,n\ri%] ,,( ,,! ,,community ,,_s 444 ,,art ,,lett]s ,,& ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,! ,,common ,,p4 ---------------------------------------- ---- ,,dates ,,(t5 ,,call$ ,,= ,battle%ip ,ma9e bl[n up 9 ,havana h>bor1 ,feb4 #ae1 #ahih4 ,baltimore fire1 ,feb4 #g1 #aijd4 ,black ,friday1 ,sept4 #bd1 #ahfi4 ,columbus discov]$ ,am]ica1 ,oct4 #ab1 #adib4 ,*icago de/roy$ by fire1 ,oct4 #h-aa1 #ahga4 ,dayton flood1 ,m>* #bd1 #aiac4 ,emancipation ,proclamation by ,l9coln1 ,jan4 #a1 #ahfc4 ,equitable ,build+ fire1 ,new ,york1 ,jan4 #i1 #aiab4 ,ft4 ,sumt] fir$ on1 ,april #ab1 #ahfa4 ,francis ,f]d9&1 ,au/rian ar*duke1 assass9at$ at ,s>ajevo1 ,bosnia1 ,june #bh1 #aiad1 by ,gavrio ,pr9zip1 a ,bosnian4 ,galve/on flood1 ,sept4 #h1 #aijj2 hurricane blew #ah h\rs & atta9$ velocity ( #ace miles an h\r2 #e1jjj lives lo/2 #ag1jjj1jjj damage4 ,g>field assass9at$1 ,july #b1 #ahha4 ,halifax explosion & fire1 ,decemb] #f1 #aiag1 #aej kill$1 #b1jjj injur$1 prop]ty loss1 #dj1jjj1jjj4 ,iroquois ,!at] fire1 ,*icago1 ,dec4 #cj1 #aijc4 ,john/[n flood1 ,may #ca1 #ahhi2 #b1bce lives lo/2 #aj1jjj1jjj damage4 ,l9coln born ne> ,hodg5ville1 ,l>ue ,c\nty1 ,ky41 ,feb4 #ab1 #ahji4 ,l9coln assass9at$1 ,april #ad1 #ahfe4 ,mayfl[] ,pilgrims l&$ at ,plym\?1 ,dec4 #aa1 #afbj1 ,o4 ,s41 or ,dec4 #ba1 ,n4 ,s41 b l&+ is celebrat$ ,dec4 #bb4 ,m\nt ,pelee eruption & de/ruction ( ,m>t9ique1 ,may #h1 #aijb4 ,mc,kinley assass9at$1 ,sept4 #f1 #aija4 ,nor? ,pole discov]$ by ,pe>y1 ,april #f1 #aiji4 ,new ,york great fire1 ,dec4 #af1 #ahce4 ,republic sunk 9 collision ) ,florida (f ,nantucket1 ,jan4 #bc1 #aiji2 six lives lo/4 ,s\? ,pole discov]$ by ,amunds51 ,dec4 #ad1 #aiaa4 ,san ,francisco e>?quake1 ,april #ah-ai1 #aijf4 ,/eam%ip ,ea/l& capsiz$ 9 ,*icago ,riv]1 ,july #bd1 #aiae2 m ?an #hjj lives lo/4 ,/eam%ip ,lusitania sunk by ,g]man subm>9e1 ,may #g1 #aiae2 #a1adi lives lo/4 ,/eam%ip ,titanic wreck$1 ,april #ad1 #aiab1 #a1ejc lives lo/4 ,/eamboat ,g54 ,slocum burn$ 9 ,ea/ ,riv] ,new ,york1 ,june #ae1 #aijd2 m ?an #a1jjj lives lo/4 ,/eam] ,l>*mont sunk 9 ,long ,isl& ,s\nd1 ,feb4 #ab1 #aijg2 #aca lives lo/4 ,volturno burn$ at sea1 ,oct4 #i1 #aiac4 ,wa%+ton di$1 ,dec4 #ad1 #agii4 ,woodr[ ,wilson born1 ,dec4 #bh1 #ahef4 ,,notes ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,libel ,! foll[+ g5]al /atem5t ( "s ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciples gov]n+ ! law ( libel is int5d$ to enable ! newspap] writ] to gu>d aga9/ ! publication ( indef5sible libel\s matt]4 ,! int5tion is to /ate ! rules & pr9ciples1 z f> z possible1 )\t legal te*nicalities1 & to include only su* portions ( ! law on ! subject z may be necess>y or ess5tial = ! accompli%m5t ( ! d\ble object desir$4 ,= ! purposes ( ! newspap] writ]1 libel may be def9$ z malici\s defamation1 ei!r writt5 or pr9t$1 *>g+ on or imput+ to ano!r t :i* r5d]s him liable to imprisonm5t1 or t5ds to injure 8 reputation 9 ! common e/imation ( mank9d1 or to hold him up z an object ( hatr$1 scorn1 ridicule or contempt4 ,sl&] is malici\s defamation by spee* or oral language2 h5ce ! newspap] writ] has no especial conc]n = ! law relat+ to x1 fur!r ?an to rememb] "o g5]al pr9ciple--t ! law ( libel is mu* /rict] ?an ! law ( sl&]4 ,?us1 "o may apply to ano!r orally words ( p]sonal vitup]ation & abuse t w\ld n r5d] him liable 9 a suit = sl&]1 b :i* if publi%$ ( ano!r 9 a newspap] w\ld be libel\s & actionable4 ,! def9ition ( libel "h giv5 is broad en\gh to cov] all ! exp]i5ces ( ! newspap] (fice4 ,b ! "* ( defamatory publication t is br\ght )9 its scope is be/ %[n by ! language ( ! c\rts 9 individual in/ances4 ,,actionable ,,language ,language 9 writ+ has be5 held to be actionable p] se :i* d5ies to a man ! possession ( "s su* wor?y quality z e man is a priori to be tak5 to possess2 :i* t5ds to br+ a p>ty into public hatr$ or disgrace2 :i* t5ds to degrade him 9 society2 :i* t5ds to expose him to hatr$1 contempt or ridicule2 :i* reflects on 8 "*2 :i* imputes some?+ disgraceful to him2 :i* ?r[s contumely & odium on him2 :i* t5ds to vilify him2 :i* t5ds to injure 8 "* or dim9i% 8 reputation2 :i* is injuri\s to 8 social "*2 :i* %[s him to be immoral or ridicul\s2 :i* induces an ill op9ion ( him2 :i* detracts f 8 "* z a man ( good morals2 :i* imputes to him a bad reputation or degradation ( "* or +ratitude1 & all defamatory words injuri\s 9 _! nature4 ,ea* ( ! foll[+ t]ms *>g$ on "o p]sonally 9 writ+ or 9 pr9t has be5 adjudg$ 9 "o or m report$ cases to be libel\s & actionable1 namely3 ,t he 0 a villa92 li>2 rogue2 rascal2 sw9dl]2 drunk>d2 in=m]2 t he 0 ! au?or or ! publi%] ( a libel or sl&]2 t he 0 a libel\s j\rnali/2 a hypocrite1 & us+ ! cloak ( religion = unwor?y purposes2 an imp ( ! devil2 a mis]able fell[ x is impossible = a newspap] article to injure to ! ext5t ( six c5ts2 & t ! community c h>dly despise him worse ?an !y d n[2 t he _h paid money to procure an appo9tm5t to an (fice2 t he _h receiv$ money = (fices2 t he _h be5 depriv$ ( ! ord9ances ( ! *ur*2 t he 0 ?\ght no m ( ?an a horse?ief & a c\nt]feit]2 t he _h infr+$ a pat5t2 t he _h be5 guilty ( falsehood2 ( di%one/y2 or moral obliquity2 ( smuggl+2 ( blasphemy2 ( false swe>+2 t he 0 insane2 t he 0 fit = a lunatic asylum & unsafe to g at l>ge2 t he _h be5 guilty ( gross misconduct 9 insult+ females1 etc4 ,:]e quotation m>ks are us$1 !y indicate ! exact language us$ 9 ! respective publications compla9$ ( on :i* ! suit 0 br\ght4 ,,objectionable ,,publi%$ ,,*>ges ,! foll[+ publi%$ *>ges h be5 held to be objectionable1 namely3 ,want ( *a/ity 7z appli$ to wom51 at all ev5ts7 or adult]y 7*>g$ on ei!r man or woman72 ! publication ( ! obitu>y ( a p]son kn[n to ! writ] to be liv+2 a *>ge t a memb] ( ,congress 0 a misrepres5tative & a grovel+ (fice-seek]2 t a juror agre$ ) ano!r juror to re/ ! det]m9ation ( ! damages 9 a case ^u a game ( *eck]s2 *>act]iz+ a v]dict ( a jury z infam\s & *>g+ ! jurors ) hav+ done inju/ice to _! oa?s2 /at+ 9 ! criticism ( a book t ! motives ( ! au?or are di%onorable or disreputable4 ,! illu/rations ( ?is "* might be multipli$ indef9itely1 b ^! cov] ! g5]al range ( libel\s expressions :5 p]sonally appli$ to an individual4 ,imputations on "* 9 allegory or irony may am\nt to a libel4 ,imput+ to a p]son ! qualities ( a froz5 snake 9 ! fable2 head+ an article 9 reg>d to a lawy]'s %>p practices1 ,an ,hone/ ,lawy]4 ,! g5]al rule is t x is libel\s p] se to impute to a p]son 9 8 (ficial capacity1 pr(ession1 trade or bus9ess any k9d ( fraud1 di%one/y1 misconduct1 incapacity or unfitness--any imputation1 9 fact1 :i* w\ld t5d to prev5t him d]iv+ t pecuni>y rew>d f a legitimate bus9ess :i* o!rwise he w\ld h obta9$4 ,x has be5 held actionable to publi% ( a but*] t he us$ false weights2 ( a jewel] t he 0 a coz5+ knave :o sold a sapphire = a diamond2 ( a brew] t he makes & sells un:olesome be] or uses fil?y wat] 9 ! malt+ ( gra9 = brew+2 ( a tradesman t he adult]ates ! article he sells2 ( a s*oolma/] t he is an ignoramus on ! subject he pret5ds to tea*2 ( a cl]gyman t he is immoral1 or prea*es lies or is a drunk>d or p]jur]2 ( an attorney t he (f]$ himself z a witness 9 ord] to divulge ! secrets ( 8 cli5t1 or t he betray$ 8 cli5t1 or w\ld take a fee f bo? sides1 or t he des]ves to be /ruck (f ! roll2 ( a physician t he is an empiric1 or m\ntebank1 or quack1 or v5ds quack m$ic9es2 ( a me*anic t he is ignorant ( 8 trade2 ( a judge t he lacks capacity & has ab&on$ ! common pr9ciples ( tru?2 & ( anyone 9 public (fice ( a *>ge ( malfeasance or want ( capacity to fulfill its duties4 ,s also p]sonal criticism ( an au?or might g s f> z to injure him 9 8 bus9ess z an au?or & come )9 ! rule4 ,& s ( any o!r occupation f :i* ! injur$ p]son d]ives pecuni>y b5efit4 ,,*>g+ ,,) ,a ,,crime ,x is h>dly necess>y1 except = complet5ess1 to add t to *>ge a p]son ) any crime br+s ! publication )9 ! def9ition ( libel4 ,if matt] libel\s p] se is publi%$ falsely conc]n+ a p]son he is presum$ to h suff]$ loss )\t prov+ ! specific am\nt or ! mann] ( loss1 ! am\nt ( damages be+ f\nd by ! jury 9 accordance ) ! circum/ances ( ! case & v>i\s legal rules4 ,if ! language compla9$ ( does n come )9 ! =ego+ def9itions & limitations1 & is n !re=e libel\s p] se1 /ill1 if untrue1 x may furni% ! basis = a libel suit :]e x has result$ 9 pecuni>y loss or ! loss ( o!r mat]ial advantage4 ,any false words are actionable1 say ! c\rts1 by :i* ! p>ty has su/a9$ special damage4 ,b special damages h to be prov$4 ,t is to say1 9 su* case1 exclud+ g5]al damages aris+ f a p] se libel1 ! "* & mann] ( ! loss & ! am\nt 9 doll>s & c5ts mu/ be prov$1 & ! v]dict %\ld n exce$ su* am\nt4 ,a s+le illu/ration w be suffici5t = ?is class4 ,a newspap] falsely publi%es t a man has di$ ( ! smallpox at a c]ta9 hotel4 ,! proprietor br+s a libel suit1 claim+ loss ( cu/om by way ( special damage4 ,8 recov]y w\ld be limit$ to su* special damages z he c\ld fairly %[4 ,libel has be5 def9$ above z malici\s defamation1 etc4 ,b x is n g5]ally necess>y t ! injur$ compla9ant %\ld prove actual malice4 ,if ! defamatory matt] compla9$ ( is false1 ! law presumes t ! publication 0 malici\s1 unless x c be %[n ei!r t x 0 privileg$ by /atute or o!rwise1 or ! presumption ( malice is ov]come by actual pro(4 ,t is to say1 if ! publi%] claims t1 al?\gh false & n privileg$1 ! defamatory publication 0 n malici\s1 he mu/ prove x4 ,( c\rse1 if x 0 n false1 x w\ld n be legally malici\s4 ,,! ,,?ree ,,def5ses ,! def5se to libel suits1 !re=e1 are ?ree1 namely3 7#a7 ,to prove ! publi%$ *>ge is true4 ,?is is call$ a ju/ification4 7#b7 ,to %[ t ! publication 0 privileg$4 7#c7 ,to prove circum/ances connect$ ) ! publication t5d+ to %[ t x 0 n malici\s1 or 0 provok$ & excus$ by ! conduct ( ! compla9ant4 ,?is is call$ a def5se 9 mitigation ( damages4 ,to prove t ! defamatory publication compla9$ ( is true is an absolute & complete def5se4 ,! old maxim ( ! ,engli% crim9al law1 ,! great] ! tru? ! great] ! libel1 frequ5tly quot$ errone\sly 9 ?is connection1 has no application to actions 9 ! civil c\rts1 & at ! pres5t "t w\ld sc>cely be invok$ ev5 9 any ( ! crim9al c\rts ( ?is c\ntry1 except "u ! mo/ extraord9>y circum/ances4 ,b x is n en\gh t ! writ] ( defamatory articles himself kn[s t !y are true1 unless he is able to produce1 :5 requir$1 compet5t legal pro( ( _! tru?4 ,:at he himself has witness$ is1 ( c\rse1 compet5t evid5ce z f> z x goes2 :5 su* pro( c be /r5g!n$ by (ficial records or o!r docum5t>y pro(1 & by ! evid5ce ( o!r p]sons :o c te/ify ( _! p]sonal k to ! tru? ( ! publications1 a def5se ( ! /ronge/ "* is pres5t$4 ,b "o di/9ction %\ld be obs]v$ c>efully1 a misconception 9 reg>d to :i* has giv5 rise to _m libel suits t h be5 difficult to def5d4 ,:5 x is said t ! tru? is a complete def5se1 ! lit]al tru? ( ! publi%$ /atem5t is n meant2 b ! tru? ( ! defamatory *>ge4 ,to illu/rate3 ,a prom95t (ficial1 say a judge1 dur+ ! progress ( a political campaign1 ei!r 9 ! c\rse ( an int]view or ( a public spee*1 makes ! *>ge aga9/ a c&idate = an important (fice t he 7! c&idate7 obta9$ 8 naturalization pap]s ei!r ?r\gh p]jury or subornation ( p]jury4 ,a newspap] publi%es ! int]view or ! spee*1 giv+ ! speak]'s "n & ! exact language he us$4 ,if ! c&idate ref]r$ to %\ld sue ! newspap] = libel because ( ?is publication1 x w\ld be no def5se = ! publi%]s to %[ t x 0 true t ! speak] _h said j exactly :at ! newspap] repres5t$ him to h said4 ,to ju/ify !y w\ld h to %[ t ! defamatory *>ge 0 true1 t ! c&idate _h be5 guilty ( p]jury or subornation ( p]jury 9 obta9+ 8 naturalization pap]s4 ,9 o!r words1 no publi%]s or writ]s c escape responsibility = defam+ a man's "* by %[+ t x 0 on ! au?ority ( "s o!r individual4 ,! same pr9ciple applies to defamatory accusations republi%$ f ano!r newspap]1 :e!r ! "n ( ! newspap] f :i* !y are copi$ is giv5 or n4 ,,privileg$ ,,publications ,!re is a c]ta9 class ( publications conc]n+ (ficial proce$+s :i*1 al?\gh !y be defamatory 9 "*1 public policy dem&s t publi%]s %\ld be protect$ 9 mak+1 entirely reg>dless ( ! "q :e!r ! defamatory matt] be true or false4 ,^! are t]m$ privileg$ publications & are def9$ by law4 ,! m]e fact t a pap] is entitl$ z be+ 9 a c]ta9 suit or t its cont5ts are sworn to does n necess>ily make x a "p ( any judicial1 legislative or o!r public & (ficial proce$+s4 ,su* proce$+s mu/ actually & legally h be5 in/itut$ be=e x becomes entitl$ to ! privilege4 ,an in/ance w\ld be ! publication ( libel\s /atem5ts tak5 f a compla9t or affidavit t _h be5 sworn to 9 a suit b be=e ! pap] _h be5 actually introduc$ 9 ! trial ( ! case4 ,"h !re w\ld be no privilege4 ,! same w\ld be true ( an affidavit *>g+ crime on a p]son :i* _h n be=e ! publication ( x be5 pres5t$ to & judicially recogniz$ by ! committ+ or police magi/rate4 ,criticism is also privileg$ 9 a limit$ degree4 ,n[h]e else 9 ! _w1 n ev5 9 ,engl&1 is s great fre$om ( legitimate criticism all[$ & protect$ by law z 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates provides3 ,congress %all make no law abridg+ ! fre$om ( spee* or ( ! press4 ,! ,con/itution ( ,mi*igan provides3 ,e citiz5 may freely speak1 write & publi% 8 s5tim5ts on all subjects1 be+ responsible = ! abuse ( t "r2 & no law %all be pass$ to re/ra9 or abridge ! lib]ty ( spee* or ( ! press4 ,9 all prosecutions = libel ! tru? may be giv5 9 evid5ce to ! jury2 & if x %all appe> to ! jury t ! matt] *>g$ z libel\s is true & 0 publi%$ ) good motives & = ju/ifiable ends1 accus$ %all be acquitt$4 ,b ! "r to criticise is g5]al1 & belongs q z mu* to any o!r individual z to ! newspap] writ]1 editor or publi%]4 ,! actions ( individuals are always legitimate subjects ( discussion & criticism4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 says ,judge ,smi?1 ( ! ,new ,hamp%ire ,supreme ,c\rt1 e citiz5 has ! "r to call ! att5tion ( 8 fell[-citiz5s to ! maladm9i/ration ( public affairs or ! misconduct ( public s]vants1 if 8 real motive 9 s do+ is to br+ ab\t a re=m ( abuses or to defeat ! re-election or reappo9tm5t ( an incompet5t (fic]4 ,no "o c d\bt ! importance1 is ! language ( ,judge ,/ory1 9 a free gov]nm5t ( ! "r to canvass ! acts ( public m5 & ! t5d5cy ( public measures--to c5sure boldly ! conduct ( rul]s & to scrut9ize ! policy & plans ( gov]nm5t4 ,! language ( ! ,engli% c\rts is ne>ly z broad4 ,god =bid t y %\ld n be all[$ to comm5t on ! conduct ( all mank9d1 provid+ y d x ju/ly & honorably1 says ,b>on ,ald]son4 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,cockburn said3 ,x is ( va/ importance t criticism1 s long z x is fair1 reasonable & j1 %\ld be all[$ ! utmo/ latitude1 & t ! mo/ unsp>+ c5sure ( works :i* are fairly subject to x %\ld n be held libel\s4 ,,criticism ,,does ,,n ,,ext5d ,,to ,,p]son ,b ! privilege ( criticism ext5ds only to ! actions or works ( an individual2 x does n ext5d to ! p]son4 ,9 ! case ( an au?or1 8 works may be criticis$ z sev]ely z ! occasion dem&s4 ,e man :o publi%es a book commits himself to ! judgm5t ( ! public1 says an em95t ,engli% judge2 b ?is c n be made ! excuse = p]sonal abuse ( ! au?or himself4 ,! au?or1 ! arti/1 ! ar*itect1 :o produces a book1 a pa9t+ or a build+1 is 9 ?is respect 9 ! same position z ! mak] or produc] ( a wat*1 a piano or a c>v+-knife4 ,! ?+ produc$ 9 ei!r case may be criticis$4 ,b if ! p]son :o produces x is defam$1 ?is mu/ be def5d$1 if at all1 ^u "s o!r gr\nd ?an t x is criticism4 ,moreov]1 to ju/ify su* comm5t on m5's actions or on ! products ( _! h&s or bra9s z criticism1 x is ess5tial t ! acts or ?+s s criticis$ %\ld h actual exi/5ce4 ,= in/ance1 a newspap] comm5ts ) great sev]ity on c]ta9 occurr5ces :i* x publi%es z ! (ficial acts ( a mayor ( its city4 ,be=e ^! /rictures c be def5d$ z criticism1 x mu/ appe> t su* (ficial acts really occurr$4 ,aga91 newspap] proprietors might well be held liable = publi%+ a ridicul+ criticism ( language pret5d$ to be quot$ f ! book :i* ! critic is review+1 b :i* language ! au?or ( ! book _h n actually us$4 ,if ! publi%]s :o are def5dants 9 a libel suit are unable to %[ t ! defamatory publication is true or t x is privileg$1 !n ! injur$ pla9tiff is entitl$ to a v]dict 9 "s am\nt4 ,h[ small ?is sum %all be w dep5d ^u h[ good a case ! def5dants c make out 9 mitigation ( damages4 ,! range ( def5ses t may be int]pos$ = ?is purpose is v broad4 ,! foll[+ may be enum]at$ z ! mo/ important3 7#a7 ,t ! g5]al conduct ( ! pla9tiff gave ! def5dant probable cause = believ+ ! *>ges to be true4 7#b7 ,t ! compla9ant's g5]al "* is bad4 7#c7 ,t ! publication 0 made 9 heat & passion1 provok$ by ! acts ( ! pla9tiff4 7#d7 ,t ! *>ge publi%$ _h be5 made orally 9 ! pres5ce ( ! pla9tiff be=e publication1 & he _h n d5i$ x4 7#e7 ,t ! publication 0 made ( a political antagoni/ 9 ! heat ( a political campaign4 7#f7 ,t z soon z ! def5dant discov]$ t he 0 9 error he publi%$ a retraction1 correction or apology4 7#g7 ,t ! defamatory publication _h ref]5ce n to ! pla9tiff1 b to ano!r p]son ( a simil> "n1 conc]n+ :om ! *>ges 7 true1 & t read]s und]/ood ?is o!r individual to be meant4 ,,abs5ce ,,( ,,actual ,,malice ,! pr9ciple und]ly+ all ! above def5ses is t !y t5d to %[ an abs5ce ( actual malice4 ,_m o!r circum/ances1 too num]\s & v>i$ to be classifi$1 & :i* prop]ly c\ld be us$ 9 ! same mann] & = ! same reason to r$uce damages1 w readily sugge/ !mselves to e "o4 ,! successful def5se ( libel suits dep5ds l>gely on hav+ cle> & tru/wor?y pro( ( ! facts s\ght to be su/a9$ promptly at h& z soon z ! suit is br\ght4 ,any metropolitan newspap] t des]ves ! "n f9ds itself compell$ e day to publi% matt] t is defamatory 9 "*4 ,o!rwise !re w\ld be no j\rnali/ic records ( crimes or ( a l>ge portion ( ! o!r occurr5ces 9 :i* ! public is int]e/$4 ,! publi%]'s conc]n 9 t p>ticul> is a d\ble "o--t :atev] ( t nature is publi%$ 9 8 newspap] %\ld be true or privileg$ & t !re %\ld be cle> pro( ( ! tru? or privilege4 ,e newspap] writ] frequ5tly f9ds himself call$ ^u to deal ) su* matt]4 ,if x is ! report ( a trial 9 c\rt1 he ne$ h reg>d1 s f> z 8 report is conc]n$1 to f\r po9ts3 7#a7 t ! judicial or (ficial proce$+s h be5 already begun 9 op5 c\rt2 7#b7 t 8 report ( ! te/imony1 etc41 or synopsis ( ! sworn pap]s is fair & imp>tial2 7#c7 t he kn[s :]e he c put 8 h&s on ! (ficial records to su/a9 ! privilege at any "t2 & 7#d7 t bo? sides are simil>ly publi%$4 ,if ! matt] is defamatory & n privileg$ 9 any way1 !n ! utmo/ c>e be=e publication ) reg>d to ! pro( ( its tru? w be ! only safegu>d aga9/ libel suits4 ,! publication ( su* matt] on ! au?ority ( any p]son's m]e ^w1 h[ev] tru?ful1 tru/wor?y & c>eful t p]son may be believ$ to be1 w always be att5d$ ) dang]4 ,! /atem5ts may be entirely true1 & yet ! giv] ( ! in=mation :5 call$ ^u may n be able to furni% ! pro(4 ,if he is1 probably he c\ld furni% x z well be=e z aft] publication4 ,! only absolutely c]ta9 way = any newspap] writ] to avoid all risk ( ?is sort is = him to furni% = publication su* defamatory matt] only z he c su/a9 by 8 own te/imony z an eye-witness1 or su* z he has se5 ! pro(s ( be=e writ+ ! article4 ,! almo/ c]ta9 result w be to prev5t ! br++ ( a libel suit--! fir/ consid]ation 9 ?is connection4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 a libel suit %\ld be br\ght1 ! writ] w\ld be able to furni% ! publi%]s ) ! be/ means ( def5se1 namely1 pro( ( ! tru? ( ! publication--:i* is ( next importance4 ,,precision1 ,,simplicity1 ,,euphony ,adams ,%]man ,hill1 pr(essor ( rhetoric at ,h>v>d ,univ]sity = ne>ly #cj ye>s1 gives ^! ?ree rules = good writ+3 ,precision3 ,( two =ms ( expression :i* may be us$ 9 ! same s5se1 t "o %\ld be *os5 :i* is susceptible ( only "o int]pretation4 ,obs]vance ( ?is rule t5ds to give ea* ^w a mean+ ( its own4 ,simplicity3 ,( two =ms ( expression :i* may be us$ 9 ! same s5se1 ! simpl] %\ld be *os54 ,! simpl] a ^w or phrase1 ! m likely x is to be und]/ood1 & simplicity 9 language1 l simplicity 9 dress or mann]s1 belongs to ! be/ society4 ,euphony3 ,( two =ms ( expression :i* may be us$ 9 ! same s5se1 t "o %\ld be *os5 :i* is ! m agreeable to ! e>4 ,x is ( c\rse wrong to give undue weight to consid]ations ( euphony1 b :5 no sacrifice is involv$ x is desirable to avoid an expression t is unusually difficult to pron\nce or to sub/itute = an extremely disagreeable ^w "o t is agreeable to ! e>4 ,,fir/ ,,?ree ,,ye>s ,,( ,,! ,,w> ,june #bh1 #aiad--;,ar*duke ,francis ,f]d9&1 heir to ?rone ( ,au/ria-,hung>y1 & wife %ot by ,gavrio ,pr9zip1 a ,bosnian1 at ,s>ajevo1 ,bosnia4 ,july #bh--;,au/ria decl>es w> on ,s]bia4 ,aug4 #a--;,g]many decl>es w> on ,s]bia4 ,aug4 #d--;,great ,brita9 decl>es w> on ,g]many4 ,g]many proclaims /ate ( w> betwe5 ,g]many & ,belgium4 ,wilson proclaims ,u4 ,s4 neutrality4 ,aug4 #f--;,au/ria-,hung>y decl>es w> on ,russia4 ,aug4 #g--,mont5egro decl>es w> on ,au/ria4 ,aug4 #h--;,briti% troops l& 9 ,france4 ,aug4 #ab--;,great ,brita9 decl>es /ate ( w> ) ,au/ria-,hung>y4 ,aug4 #ai--;,g]mans occupy ,l\va94 ,aug4 #bj--;,g]mans occupy ,brussels4 ,aug4 #bc--;,japan decl>es w> on ,g]many4 ,aug4 #ca--,/4 ,pet]sburg becomes ,petrograd4 ,sept4 #a--;,aft] sev5 days' battle ,russians take ,lemb]g4 ,sept4 #c--;,fr5* capital transf]r$ to ,bordeaux4 ,sept4 #d--;,g]mans occupy ,rheims4 ,sept4 #aj--;,j(fre reports five-day battle at ! ,m>ne a victory4 ,sept4 #bh--;,japanese inve/ ,ts+-,tau4 ,oct4 #i--;,antw]p surr5d]s4 ,oct4 #ac--,seat ( ,belgian capital mov$ f ,o/5d to ,havre4 ,oct4 #ba-ca--;,fir/ battle ( ,ypres4 ,nov4 #e--;,great ,brita9 & ,france decl>e w> on ,turkey4 ,nov4 #aj-ab--,second battle ( ,ypres4 ,dec4 #b--;,au/rians capture ,belgrade4 ,dec4 #h--;,briti% s9k ,g]man fleet (f ,falkl& isl&s4 ,dec4 #ad--,s]bians =ce evacuation ( ,belgrade4 ,dec4 #bj--;,g]mans evacuate ,dixmude4 ,jan4 #bd1 #aiae--,naval battle 9 ,nor? ,sea4 ,feb4 #d--;,g]many decl>es w> zone ab\t ,engl& & ,irel& aft] ,feb4 #ah4 ,feb4 #be--;,alli$ fleet r$uces f\r =ts at ,d>danelles entrance4 ,m>* #bb--;,au/rian =tress ( ,przemysl surr5d]s to ,russians4 ,april #bb--;,gas fir/ us$ 9 w> by ,g]mans at ,ypres4 ,may #a--;,am]ican /eam] ,gulflight sunk4 ,may #g--,lusitania sunk by ,g]man subm>9e (f ,irel&2 #a1adi lo/1 #gjg rescu$4 ,may #bc--;,italy decl>es w> on ,au/ria-,hung>y4 ,june #c--,teutons recapture ,przemysl4 ,june #h--;,bryan resigns4 ,june #bb--,russians driv5 out ( ,lemb]g4 ,aug4 #f--;,g]mans occupy ,w>saw4 ,sept4 #i--,u4 ,s4 asks recall by ,au/ria-,hung>y ( ,ambassador ,dumba4 ,sept4 #ah--;,g]mans capture ,wilna4 ,oct4 #e--,k+ ,con/ant9e ( ,greece won't support ,allies & ,premi] ,v5izelos resigns4 ,allies l& at ,saloniki4 ,oct4 #aa--;,bulg>ia ent]s w> by s5d+ army into ,s]bia4 ,dec4 #d--;,=d peace p>ty sails4 ,dec4 #ai--;,allies evacuate ,gallipoli4 ,jan4 #ag1 #aiaf--,mont5egro surr5d]s to ,au/ria-,hung>y1 fir/ bellig]5t to )draw4 ,jan4 #bf--;,compulsory s]vice measure passes f9al read+ 9 ,briti% ,h\se ( ,lords4 ,feb4 #bc--;,g]mans op5 ,v]dun (f5sive4 ,m>* #h--;,g]many decl>es w> on ,portugal4 ,m>* #ae--,von ,tirpitz resigns z ,g]man m9i/] ( m>9e2 succe$$ by ,admiral von ,capelle4 ,april #bd--,s9n ,fe9]s' revolution breaks out 9 ,dubl94 ,april #bh--;,briti% besieg$ 9 ,kut-el-,am>a1 ,mesopotamia1 surr5d]4 ,may #be--,k+ ,george signs compulsory bill1 applicable to all m5 f #ah to #da4 ,may #cj--;,battle ( ,jutl&4 ,june #e--,"l ,kit*5] dr[n$4 ,july #i--;,g]man subm>9e ,deuts*l& arrives at ,baltimore4 ,aug4 #bg--,rumania ent]s ! w> on side ( ,allies4 ,nov4 #aj--;,fir/ great air battle2 #fg airplanes br\ght d[n4 ,nov4 #ba--;,francis ,joseph1 ,emp]or ( ,au/ria & ,k+ ( ,hung>y1 dies2 #hf4 ,dec4 #f--;,g]mans occupy ,bu*>e/4 ,feb4 #c1 #aiag--,u4,s4 sev]s diplomatic relations ) ,g]many4 ,feb4 #bf--;,cun>d l9] ,laconia sunk4 ,feb4 #bg--,wilson asks au?ority to arm m]*antm52 decl>es s9k+ ( ,laconia is ov]t act4 ,m>* #aa--;,briti% take ,bagdad4 ,m>* #ae--;,cz> ,ni*olas ,,ii abdicates 9 favor ( 8 bro!r1 ,gr& ,duke ,mi*ael ,alex&rovit*4 ,april #b--;,am]ican /eam] ,aztec sunk4 ,april #f--,u4 ,s4 decl>es /ate ( w> ) ,g]many4 ,april #g--;,cuba decl>es w> on ,g]many4 ,april #aa--;,brazil sev]s diplomatic relations ) ,g]many4 ,may #ah--,wilson signs selective conscription bill = army ( #ejj1jjj4 ,june #e--;,am]icans regi/] = draft4 ,june #h--;,g54 ,p]%+ 9 ,engl&4 ,june #ab--,k+ ,con/ant9e abdicates4 ,june #ae--;,am]ican mission rea*es ,russia4 ,june #bf--;,fir/ ,u4 ,s4 troops arrive 9 ,france4 ,june #bi--;,greece sev]s relations ) ,g]many & h] allies4 ,july #b--;,*9ese empire re-e/abli%$ = ?ree days4 ,july #ad--;,*ancellor von ,be?mann-,hollweg resigns1 ,dr4 ,george ,mi*aelis succe$+4 ,july #bb--,k]5sky made dictator 9 ,russia4 ,aug4 #bh--,u4 ,s4 rejects pope's peace proposal4 ,sept4 #c--;,g]mans capture ,riga4 ,sept4 #af--,k]5sky proclaims ,russia a republic4 ,oct4 #f--,p]u sev]s diplomatic relations ) ,g]many4 ,oct4 #g--,uruguay sev]s diplomatic relations ) ,g]many4 ,oct4 #ai--,u4 ,s4 transport ,antilles torp$o$4 ,oct4 #bc--;,fir/ ( ,u4 ,s4 troops ent] ,fr5* tr5*es4 ,oct4 #bf--;,brazil decl>es w> on ,g]many4 ,nov4 #b--,?ree-c5t po/age 9 effect4 ,nov4 #h--;,bol%eviki 9 control ( ,russian gov]nm5t4 ,nov4 #aj--,l59e made ,russian premi]4 ,nov4 #ah--;,briti% capture ,jaffa4 ,dec4 #d--,wilson asks congress to decl>e w> on ,au/ria-,hung>y4 ,dec4 #f--,"p ( ,halifax wreck$ by explosion & fire4 ,dec4 #g--;,congress decl>es w> on ,au/ria-,hung>y4 ,dec4 #aj--;,briti% capture ,j]usalem4 ,dec4 #bf--,u4 ,s4 takes ov] ! railroads4 ,,notes ,,index ,a ,abbreviations 9 heads1 #aj rules gov]n+1 #db ab\t1 use (1 mean+ approximately1 #ee above /atem5t b>r$1 #ef academy1 capitalization (1 #ag ,accuracy1 #d-e acts1 capitalization (1 #ai actual photographs b>r$1 #ce a day pref]r$ to p] day1 #ed ,adjectives1 capitalization (1 #bj rules gov]n+1 #cd adm9i/]$1 use (1 #cj adm9i/ration1 capitalization (1 #ag ,adv]bs1 rules gov]n+1 #cc advice confus$ ) advise1 #eb advise confus$ ) advice1 #eb affair1 misuse (1 #bd affect confus$ ) effect1 #eb aft]w>d1 spell+ (1 #eb ,ages1 writ+ (1 #ch agreeable pref]r$ to nice1 #cd agreeably to pref]r$ to agreeable to1 #cc ,agreem5t ( v]bs1 #bi airplane1 spell+ (1 #ea al>m+ly pref]r$ to dang]\sly1 #cc ,al=d1 ,dean1 quot$1 #eg ,allbutt1 ,sir ,clif=d1 quot$1 #ej allege n a synonym = say1 #cj alliance1 capitalization (1 #ai allies1 capitalization (1 #ai ,allit]ation 9 heads1 #aj almo/ pref]r$ to mo/1 #ed alright b>r$1 #ee al?\gh pref]r$ to :ile1 #bh a4 m41 capitalization (1 #bj use (1 #ch-dd amateur1 mean+ (1 #ee ambassador1 misuse (1 #bd am5dm5t1 capitalization (1 #ai among1 misus$ = betwe51 #cg pref]r$ to among/1 #ee among/1 pref] among to1 #ee ,amp]s&1 use (1 #dc ane/hetic1 spell+ (1 #ea a numb] (1 pref] sev]al to1 #cd anxi\s misus$ = eag]1 #ce anybody1 use mascul9e pron\n )1 #bg ,a4 ,p41 leads1 #g /yle1 #ae apiece misus$ = ea*1 #bg ,apo/rophe1 use (1 #bb appe>1 use (1 intransitively1 #bi approximately pref]r$ to ab\t1 #ef ,arab1 capitalization (1 #bj armor1 spell+ (1 #eb armory1 capitalization (1 #bj army1 abbreviation ( titles (1 #dd capitalization (1 #ai organization (1 #fj ,articles1 9 heads1 #h rules gov]n+1 #ch use (1 ) names1 #de arti/1 avoid fem99e =m (1 #bd z f> z1 use (1 #cc misus$ = t1 #bh long z1 use (1 #cc assembly1 capitalization (1 #ah ,associat$ ,press1 see ,a4 ,p4 associations1 capitalization (1 #ag ,a/]isks1 use (1 #bb z yet sup]flu\s1 #di at ! corn] ( sup]flu\s1 #di attorney1 abbreviation (1 #dc audi5ce1 mean+ (1 #ee au fait to be avoid$1 #ed aug] confus$ ) augur1 #eb augur confus$ ) aug]1 #eb au?or1 avoid fem99e =m (1 #bd auto1 pref] automobile to1 #be autoi/1 pref] motori/ to1 #bd automatic pi/ol pref]r$ to automatic revolv]1 #ee automobile pref]r$ to auto1 #be automobili/1 pref] motori/ to1 #bd av5ue1 capitalization (1 #bj awful1 mean+ (1 #ce ax1 spell+ (1 #ea axm9/]1 capitalization (1 #bj ayes & noes1 spell+ (1 #ea ,b backw>d1 spell+ (1 #eb bact]ia1 plural (1 #bd balance misus$ = re/1 #be ,b>r$ by ! ,sun1 #ca base ball1 spell+ (1 #ea basket ball1 spell+ (1 #ea battle1 capitalization (1 #ah bay1 capitalization (1 #ah baz>1 spell+ (1 #ea be1 =ms (1 9 heads1 #i omission (1 9 heads1 #aj ,belgians1 k+ (1 #df ,belgium1 k+ (1 misus$1 #df ,b5nett1 ,arnold1 quot$1 #bc beside n to be misus$ = besides1 #cg besides n to be misus$ = beside1 #cg bett] half1 pref] wife to1 #ee betwe5 n to be misus$ = among1 #cg ,bible1 capitalization (1 #ai bills1 capitalization (1 #ai birdseye1 spell+ (1 #ea bir?1 avoid euphemisms reg>d+1 #ej bir?day1 capitalization (1 #ah bi%op1 use (1 #dh ,bley]1 ,dr4 ,will>d ,g41 quot$1 #f blond1 spell+ (1 #ea body pref]r$ to rema9s1 #ej ,bohemian1 capitalization (1 #bj ,book sizes1 #dd b\ght pref]r$ to pur*as$1 #cj b\lev>d1 capitalization (1 #bj bov9e us$ z adjective1 #cd boy sc\ts1 capitalization (1 #bj brea* misus$ = bree*1 #eb ,brevity1 #b1 #bb bridegroom pref]r$ to groom1 #be ,bromides1 #eg bros41 use (1 #dc ,budape/1 spell+ (1 #ea build+1 capitalization (1 #ag bureau1 capitalization (1 #ag burial pref]r$ to int]m5t1 #ej ,burke1 ,edmund1 quot$1 #af b t pref]r$ to b :at1 #bh b :at misus$ = b t1 #bh by1 book illu/rat$1 arti/1 #cg ,c cab9et1 capitalization (1 #ag cadets1 capitalization (1 #bj calib] ( guns1 punctuation (1 #bb calib]1 spell+ (1 #eb campfire girls1 capitalization (1 #bj can9e1 use z adjective1 #cd ,cann]y1 #eg c n1 spell+ (1 #ea cape1 capitalization (1 #ah capital misus$ = capitol1 #eb ,capitalization1 rules gov]n+1 #ag capitol misus$ = capital1 #eb c>d9als1 h[ ref]r$ to1 #dh ,c>lyle1 ,?omas1 quot$1 #e casket1 pref] c(f9 to1 #ej catalog1 spell+ (1 #eb cello1 spell+ (1 #eb c5tury1 use ord9al )1 #ch c]ta9ly1 no degrees (1 #ee *amb]1 ( deputies1 etc41 capitalization1 #ah *ecks1 spell+ (1 #ea ,*ile1 spell+ (1 #ea ,*ili1 spell+ (1 #ea ,*9ese names1 #de ,*ri/mas pref]r$ to ,xmas1 #ah *ur*1 capitalization (1 #ah titles1 #dh cig>et1 spell+ (1 #eb circum/ance1 mean+ (1 #bd cities1 abbreviation (1 #db citiz5s misus$ = p]sons1 #bd ,city directory1 importance (1 #e ,city editor1 telephone to1 #d civil w>1 capitalization (1 #ah claimant misus$ = clamant1 #eb ,cl>ity1 #bb-eh ,clauses1 punctuation (1 #bb ,cleanl9ess ( ?\ght1 #c ,clem5s1 ,samuel ,l41 see ,m>k ,twa91 #ca ,clock "t1 h[ to write1 #dd clubs1 capitalization (1 #ag clue1 spell+ (1 #ea ,cobb1 ,irv9 ,s41 quot$1 #ce ,cobbett1 ,william1 quot$1 #cd c(f9 pref]r$ to casket1 #ej ,collective n\ns1 #be college1 capitalization (1 #ag college degrees1 abbreviation (1 #dd capitalization (1 #ai collide1 only mov+ objects1 #cj ,colon1 use (1 #bb capitalization aft]1 #ag color1 spell+ (1 #eb (1 #di comatose1 mean+ (1 #ed ,commas1 use (1 #bb comp>$ to1 mean+ (1 #cj comp>$ )1 mean+ (1 #cj ,complect$ pref]r$ to complexion$1 #ee ,comp\nds1 h[ =m$1 #dh consi/5tly ) pref]r$ to consi/5t )1 #cc condition1 bad1 pref]r$ to bad %ape1 #ee congress1 capitalization (1 #ah ,conjunctions1 punctuation be=e1 #bb 9 heads1 #h rules gov]n+1 #bh cons5sus ( op9ion1 use (1 #di consi/ 9 misus$ = consi/ (1 #cg consi/ ( misus$ = consi/ 91 #cg con/itution1 capitalization (1 #bj consul1 confus$ ) ambassador1 etc41 #bd confus$ ) c\nsel1 #eb consummat$1 :5 to avoid1 #ej convict1 pref] inmate to1 #ei cop b>r$1 #ed ,copy1 read+1 #f prep>ation (1 #g ,corrections1 mak+1 #a c\ncil confus$ ) c\nsel1 #eb c\ncil *amb]1 capitalization (1 #bj c\ncilor confus$ ) c\nselor1 #eb c\nsel confus$ ) c\ncil1 #eb c\nselor confus$ ) c\ncilor1 #eb c\nty1 capitalization (1 #ah c\p de grace1 use (1 #ed c\p d'etat1 use (1 #ed c\ple1 misuse (1 #bd c\r?\se1 capitalization (1 #bj c\rts1 capitalization (1 #ag ,cre$1 j\rnali/'s1 #be critically pref]r$ to dang]\sly1 #cc cr[n pr9ce1 capitalization (1 #ag ,cupid1 avoid use (1 #ej curb1 spell+ (1 #ea ,curiosity1 #d ,cuttlefi%1 #g cz>1 capitalization (1 #ag ,d damag$1 inanimate ?+s are1 #cj ,dana1 ,*>les ,a41 quot$1 #ca1 #ee danc]1 avoid fem99e =m (1 #bd dang]\sly1 pref] al>m+ly to1 #cc ,dangl+ p>ticiple1 #aa ,d>w9ian !ory1 #ee ,da% 9 heads1 #aj data1 numb] (1 #bd ,date l9es1 punctuation & capitalization (1 #bb ,dates1 h[ to write1 #ch (t5 call$ =1 #fb day1 capitalization (1 #ah dealt1 use (1 #cj dea?1 write simply (1 #ej decalog1 spell+ (1 #eb deceas$1 pref] dead man to1 #ej decl>ation ( indep5d5ce1 capitalization (1 #ah decollete1 spell+ (1 #ea decoration day1 capitalization (1 #ah ,def9ite article misus$1 #ch defunct1 avoid use (1 #ej degree ( temp]ature1 use figures =1 #ch abbreviation (1 #dd capitalization (1 #ai deity1 capitalization ( names & pron\ns us$ =1 #ai democrat1 -ic1 capitalization (1 #ah d5ial1 use ( subjunctive to imply1 #bi ,dep>tm5t head1 #h capitalization (1 #ag dep>ts1 pref] leaves to1 #cj deposit>y confus$ ) depository1 #eb depot1 pref] /ation to1 #be capitalization (1 #bj de rigu] to be avoid$1 #ed ,d]ivatives1 capitalization (1 #bj ,dialect1 #ad dialog1 spell+ (1 #eb dick to be avoid$1 #ee ,diction1 #ad ,diction>y1 get int]e/$ 91 #af sanctions no?+1 #ej diff]5t1 :5 sup]flu\s1 #di diff]5t f1 pref]r$ to diff]5t to1 #cg ,dim5sions1 h[ to write1 #ch dip to be avoid$1 #ee dispat*1 spell+ (1 #ea di/ance ( sup]flu\s1 #di dive1 pa/ t5se (1 #cj div$ pref]r$ to dove1 #cj div9e to be avoid$ z n\n1 #bd ,d & don't1 #ed dom9ion day1 capitalization (1 #ah don't1 use (1 #dd ,d\ble mean+ 9 heads1 #aj ,d\bl+ up h's1 #ca dove1 pref] div$ to1 #cj ,dr41 use (1 #dh draft1 spell+ (1 #ea dr\?1 spell+ (1 #ea duke1 capitalization (1 #ag ,duke ( ,argyll1 quot$1 #bb duma1 capitalization (1 #ah spell+ (1 #ea ,e ea*1 pref]r$ to apiece1 #bg use mascul9e pron\n )1 #bg eag] pref]r$ to anxi\s1 #ce ,ea/1 -ern1 -ern]1 capitalization (1 #ah ,edit+ copy1 #f ,editorial head1 #h effect confus$ ) affect1 #eb ,e4 ,g41 use (1 #dd ei!r1 use (1 #bg emigrant confus$ ) immigrant1 #eb ,emp]or1 capitalization (1 #ag employe1 spell+ (1 #ea ,end+ a s5t5ce ) to1 #bi ,end-m>k1 use (1 #g ,engli% money1 abbreviation (1 #dd ent5te1 capitalization (1 #ai en?use to be avoid$1 #cj entirely complet$1 use (1 #di envoy1 use (1 #bd ,epi!ts1 capitalization (1 #ai equally well1 use (1 #di ,errors 9 gramm>1 #aa ,eskimo1 spell+ (1 #ea e/hetic1 spell+ (1 #ea et al41 use (1 #ed ,e?ics ( ! pr(ession1 #e ,euphony1 #ga ev5t1 use (1 #bd ,ev5ts1 names ( notable1 capitalization (1 #ah e1 use mascul9e pron\n )1 #bg ex-1 use (1 #ag ,exception proves ! rule1 #ee ,f facsimile1 use (1 #ea ,facts1 #b1 #d1 #h fak] misus$ = fakir1 #eb fakir misus$ = fak]1 #eb f>!r di/+ui%$ f fur!r1 #cc favor1 spell+ (1 #eb fe>ful1 mean+ (1 #ce ,feature heads1 #h feel1 use (1 intransitively1 #bi fel9e misus$ z a n\n1 #cd ,fem99e =ms ( words1 #bd fiance & fiancee1 use (1 #ed ,fictiti\s names1 capitalization (1 #ai ,figures1 beg9n+ a /ory1 #g rules gov]n+1 #ch punctuation (1 #bb ,filip9o1 spell+ (1 #ea ,f9e writ+1 #d1 #ad ,firm names1 use (1 #db fir/ ( s]ies1 writ+ (1 #ee ,fir/ ?ree ye>s ( ! w>1 #gb-gd flag1 capitalization (1 #ai ,flaub]t1 ,camille1 quot$1 #fa floral (f]+s1 use (1 #ej fl[]s1 use (1 #ej foll[ copy1 use ( phrase1 #g foot ball1 spell+ (1 #ea ,=ce1 #eh =eca/1 pa/ t5se (1 #ca =eca/$1 pref] =eca/ to1 #ca =ego+ /atem5t1 use (1 #ef ,=eign phrases1 #b1 #ad1 #ed =m]1 capitalization (1 #ag =t1 abbreviation (1 #db =w>d1 spell+ (1 #eb ,f\r? ( ,july1 capitalization (1 #ah ,fr41 use (1 #dh frisk1 misuse (1 #ee f misus$ ) diseases1 #cg :5 to omit1 #cg ,front page pap]1 #b fun]al1 t]ms ref]r+ to1 #ej fur!r di/+ui%$ f f>!r1 #cc future be=e him1 phrase to avoid1 #di ,g gaiety1 spell+ (1 #ea gaily1 spell+ (1 #ea ,game1 newspap] "w z a1 #c g>d51 capitalization (1 #ah gat1 misuse (1 #ee gatl+1 capitalization (1 #bj g5tleman1 use (1 #be ,geographical t]ms1 capitalization (1 #ah ,girls1 protection ( good "n (1 #ed goodby1 spell+ (1 #ea gov]nm5t1 capitalization (1 #ag gov]nor1 capitalization (1 #ag ,grace1 #eh ,gramm>1 #aa bad1 n funny1 #ad ,grievance1 treatm5t ( read] ) a1 #b grim reap] to be avoid$1 #ej groom misus$ = bridegroom1 #be gu>antee misus$ = gu>anty1 #ea guillot9e1 capitalization (1 #bj gr[s small]1 misuse (1 #ee gun1 misuse (1 #ee ,h ,hackney$ phrases1 #eg hall1 capitalization (1 #ag ,h&les1 "n1 #de hang1 pa/ t5se (1 #ca hang$1 use (1 #ca happ51 use (1 #cj happ5+1 use (1 #bd ,heads1 #h he>t disease1 use (1 #ej failure1 use (1 #ej ,hebrew1 rules gov]n+ use (1 #df he or %e1 avoid1 #bg heal?ful1 use (1 #ce heal?y1 use (1 #ce ,h]culean1 capitalization (1 #bj high noon1 avoid1 #di high s*ool1 capitalization (1 #ai highway1 capitalization (1 #bj ,hill1 ,adams ,%]man1 quot$1 #ga ,h9du1 spell+ (1 #ea 8 or h]1 avoid1 #bg ho>d confus$ ) horde1 #eb hoi polloi1 use (1 )\t article1 #di holidays1 capitalization (1 #ah holy names1 places1 ev5ts1 etc41 capitalization (1 #ai home pref]r$ to resid5ce1 #be homeopa?ic1 spell+ (1 #ea horde confus$ ) ho>d1 #eb hospital1 capitalization (1 #ag hotel1 capitalization (1 #ag h\se1 ( repres5tatives1 etc41 capitalization (1 #ah ,hull1 ,palm]1 etc41 capitalization (1 #ag pref]r$ to resid5ce1 #be ,h[ells1 ,william ,dean1 quot$1 #ad human us$ z adjective1 #cd hung1 use (1 #ca ,hym51 avoid use (1 #ej ,hyph5s1 use (1 #bb ,i ,i1 :5 b>r$1 #bg -ics1 n\ns end+ 91 #bd i4 e41 use (1 #dd if misus$ = :e!r1 #bh ,illu/ration head1 #h illy1 nev] use1 #cc immigrant confus$ ) emigrant1 #eb immoral confus$ ) unmoral1 #eb ,imp]sonal viewpo9t1 #e 9 a /reet1 pref] on a /reet to1 #cg incid5t1 mean+ (1 #bd ,indef9ite figures1 #ch ,ind5tions1 #g india rubb]1 capitalization (1 #bj 9 di/+ui%$ f into1 #cg ,inf9itives1 split1 #bi "t (1 #bi injur$1 inanimate ?+s n1 #cj inmate pref]r$ to convict1 #ei 9 ord] to1 avoid use (1 #di insanit>y misus$ = unsanit>y1 #eb ,in/itutions1 ,mi*igan1 #ei ,in/ructions1 to report]s1 #d to copy read]s1 #f ,int]l9+1 #g int]m5t1 use (1 #ej ,int]rogation po9t1 use (1 #bb into di/+ui%$ f 91 #cg invit$ gue/1 misuse (1 #di ,i ,o ,u writt5 )\t p]iods1 #dc isl&1 capitalization (1 #ah i/hmus1 capitalization (1 #ah item us$ = /ory1 #ee its di/+ui%$ f x's1 #bg ,j ,jew1 use (1 #df ,j\rnali/'s cre$1 #be judge1 capitalization (1 #ag di/+ui%$ f ju/ice1 #ee junior1 abbreviation (1 #dc capitalization (1 #ah ju/ice1 capitalization (1 #ag di/+ui%$ f judge1 #ee ( supreme c\rt1 #ef ,k kais]1 capitalization (1 #ag ,kh>tum1 spell+ (1 #ea kiddies1 avoid use (1 #ed kidnap$1 spell+ (1 #ea kids1 use (1 #ed k9d ( n foll[$ by article1 #ch k+1 capitalization (1 #ag ) ,roman num]als1 #ch knight1 use ( title (1 #df ,knight ,templ>1 plural (1 #eb ,korea1 spell+ (1 #ea ,l ,labor ,day1 capitalization (1 #ah lady1 use (1 #be la grippe1 omit article )1 #di lane1 capitalization (1 #bj late1 !1 use (1 #ej latitude1 use figures to express1 #ch ,law ( libel1 #c1 #fd-ga laws1 capitalization (1 #ai lay1 use (1 #bi-cj ,lead]s1 use (1 #bb ,leads1 #g ,a4 ,p41 #ae leaves pref]r$ to dep>ts1 #cj legislative bodies1 capitalization (1 #ah legislature1 capitalization1 #ah ,leipzig1 spell+ (1 #ea l5d pref]r$ to loan1 #cj l5g?y1 pref] long to1 #cd less5 confus$ ) lesson1 #eb ,libel laws1 #c1 #fd-ga liable misus$ = likely1 #cc ,lib]al1 capitalization (1 #ah lie1 use (1 #bi-cj lieut5ant-gov]nor1 capitalization (1 #ag l misus$ z conjunction1 #bh likely pref]r$ to liable1 #cc live at hotel pref]r$ to /op at hotel1 #cj lives pref]r$ to reside1 #cj livid1 use (1 #ce loan1 pref] l5d to1 #cj localities1 capitalization ( names (1 #ah long pref]r$ to l5g?y1 #cd ,longfell[1 ,h5ry ,w41 quot$1 #aa longitude1 use figures )1 #ch long way1 spell+ (1 #eb look1 use (1 intransitively1 #bi lurid1 use (1 #ce ,m ,m 9 heads1 #i macadam1 capitalization (1 #bj ,macaulay1 ,?omas ,bab+ton1 quot$1 #ea maize confus$ ) maze1 #eb majority1 mean+ (1 #bd man pref]r$ to g5tleman1 #be maneuv]1 spell+ (1 #ea _m pref]r$ to a numb] (1 #cd ,m>g9s1 #g m>riage confus$ ) w$d+1 #ej ma/] to be avoid$1 #de may 9 heads1 #aj mayor1 capitalization (1 #ag maze confus$ ) maize1 #eb m$ieval1 spell+ (1 #ea memor&a1 numb] (1 #bd ,metric sy/em1 #dj-da ,meti]1 le>n+ !1 #f ,mi*41 use (1 #dc ,mi*igan ,in/itutions1 #ei middle we/1 capitalization (1 #ah ,milit>y titles1 punctuation (1 #ai capitalization (1 #ai abbreviation (1 #dd m9i/]1 diplomatic1 #bd ( gospel1 #dh miracul\s escape1 avoid use (1 #ef ,misspell$ names1 #de ,mohamm$1 spell+ (1 #ea ,money1 sums (1 #bd h[ writt51 #ch ,engli%1 abbreviation (1 #dd mon?s1 abbreviation (1 #dd m c]ta9 to be avoid$1 #ee mo/ misus$ = almo/1 #ed ,mo/ ,rev41 use (1 #dh motor c> pref]r$ to auto1 #be motori/ pref]r$ to autoi/1 #bd m\nt1 abbreviation (1 #db murd] n always b>r$1 #ed ,mrs4 ,judge1 use (1 b>r$1 #de ,n ,names1 abbreviation (1 #dc connect$1 capitalization (1 #bj holy1 capitalization (1 #ai ( railroads1 #eb rules gov]n+ use (1 #de rules gov]n+ capitalization (1 #ag nationalities1 capitalization (1 #ai navy1 abbreviation ( titles (1 #dd capitalization (1 #ai organization (1 #fj ne>by1 spell+ (1 #ea nee1 use (1 #cd ,negatives 9 heads1 #aj nei!r1 use (1 #bg ,newburgh1 spell+ (1 #eb new recruit to be avoid$1 #di ,news1 aim (1 ,!1 #a capitalization ( ,!1 #ai ,newspap]s1 capitalization1 ( names (1 #ai ,new ,ye>'s1 capitalization (1 #ah ,new ,york ,sun1 words b>r$ by !1 #ca nice1 pref] agreeable to1 #cd ,nicknames1 use (1 #de capitalization (1 #ai ,no41 use (1 #dc nobody pref]r$ to n anybody1 #bg no "o pref]r$ to n any "o1 #bg nom de gu]re 9 good usage1 #ed nom de plume to be avoid$1 #ed nor?1 -ern1 -ern]1 capitalization (1 #ah ,n\ns1 rules gov]n+1 #bd novice1 mean+ (1 #ee ,numb]s1 rules gov]n+1 #ch punctuation (1 #bb /reet1 #bb1 #ch ,o ,o1 use (1 #ee obsequies to be avoid$1 #ej ,obs]vation1 #bc obta9 pref]r$ to secure1 #cj occasionally1 use (1 #cc occur1 use (1 #cj occurr5ce1 mean+ (1 #bd ocean1 capitalization (1 #ah (f f1 pref] (f to1 #cg (f (1 pref] (f to1 #cg (f1 use (1 #cg ( :5 us$ ) diseases1 #cg oh1 use (1 #ee ,o4 ,k41 use (1 #bj old adage to be avoid$1 #di ,old ,glory1 capitalization (1 #ai old vet]ans to be avoid$1 #di on a /reet pref]r$ to 9 a /reet1 #cg on ! "p ( to be avoid$1 #cg only1 bew>e (1 #cc ,ord9als1 #ch ori5t1 capitalization (1 #ag ori5tal1 capitalization (1 #bj ,orig9ality1 #fa ,osl]ian !ory1 #ee ov] a signature to be avoid$1 #cg ,ov]score n1 #g ,p pajamas1 spell+ (1 #ea ,panamans1 spell+ (1 #eb pants1 pref] tr\s]s to1 #ee pa9fully1 :5 to avoid1 #cc p>aph]nalia1 numb] (1 #bd p>cel po/1 spell+ (1 #ea p>is gre51 capitalization (1 #bj p>k1 capitalization (1 #ah p>liam5t1 capitalization (1 #ah p>lor1 capitalization (1 #ah p>l\s1 pref] p]il\s to1 #ce ,p>ticipial con/ruction1 #bd ,p>ticiple1 dangl+1 #aa ,p>ticles1 capitalization (1 9 =eign names1 #bj p>ties1 political1 capitalization (1 #ah political1 abbreviation (1 #dd p>tly complet$ to be avoid$1 #di p>ty misus$ = p]son1 #bd ,pa/e %eets1 d n1 #g pa/eurize1 capitalization (1 #bj p5 "n pref]r$ to nom de plume1 #ed p misus$ = p]sons1 #bd p]1 use (1 #ed p] c5t1 use (1 #ch1 #ed p] day1 pref] a day to1 #ed p]il\s pref]r$ to p>l\s1 #ce ,p]iod1 use (1 #bb r+1 #g p]iodicals1 capitalization1 ( names (1 #ai p]son pref]r$ to p>ty1 #bd ph5om5a1 numb] (1 #bd phili/9e1 capitalization (1 #bj philippic1 capitalization (1 #bj phone1 pref] telephone to1 #be ,phrases1 holy1 capitalization (1 #ai piani/1 avoid fem99e =m (1 #bd ,pictorial p[] ( words1 #af pi/ol confus$ ) revolv]1 #ee ,pittsburgh1 spell+ (1 #eb place1 capitalization (1 #bj platonic1 capitalization (1 #bj plead1 pa/ t5se (1 #ca plead$ pref]r$ to pl$1 #ca pl$1 pref] plead$ to1 #ca pl[1 spell+ (1 #ea plurality1 mean+ (1 #bd p4 m41 use (1 #ch1 #dd capitalization (1 #bj poet1 avoid fem99e =m (1 #bd ,poisons1 use ( names (1 #ed pole1 capitalization (1 #ah police c\rt1 capitalization (1 #bj policeman pref]r$ to cop1 #ed poorh\se1 capitalization (1 #bj port1 abbreviation (1 #db ,porto ,rico1 spell+ (1 #ea possibly1 r$undant ) may1 #di ,po/1 ,new ,york ,ev5+1 quot$1 #eh po/(fice1 capitalization (1 #bj prea*]s1 use (1 #dh prec9ct1 capitalization (1 #ah ,precision1 #ga ,prep>+ copy1 #g ,prepositions 9 heads1 #h rules gov]n+1 #cg pres5t incumb5t to be avoid$1 #di pres5t t5se1 heads 91 #h1 #aj presid5t1 abbreviation (1 #h capitalization (1 #ag prev5tative1 pref] prev5tive to1 #bd previ\sly to pref]r$ to previ\s to1 #cc ,prices writt5 9 figures1 #ch prie/1 use (1 #dh pr9ces1 capitalization (1 #ag pr9cipal confus$ ) pr9ciple1 #eb ,prison record1 d n pr9t1 #ei procure pref]r$ to secure1 #cj ,pr(anity1 use (1 #c pr(essor1 use (1 #de program1 spell+ (1 #eb progressive1 capitalization (1 #ah prone1 mean+ (1 #ed ,pron\ns1 rules gov]n+1 #bg ,prop] n\ns & d]ivatives1 capitalization (1 #bj prophecy confus$ ) prophesy1 #eb proportion pref]r$ to p] c5t1 #bd prov51 pref] prov$ to1 #cj pseudonym pref]r$ to nom de plume1 #ed ,punctuation1 9 heads1 #aj inside quotation m>ks1 #bc rules gov]n+1 #bb pur*as$1 pref] b\ght to1 #cj ,q ,"q m>k1 use (1 #b ,quotation m>ks1 9 heads1 #aj use (1 #bc ,quotations misappli$1 #ee v]ify1 #ef ,r rabbi1 use (1 #dh rac+ "t writt5 9 figures1 #ch races1 capitalization (1 #ai raise1 use (1 #bi1 #cj ,read+ copy1 #f record]1 def9ition (1 #ee re=mation1 capitalization (1 #ah regul> mon?ly meet+ to be avoid$1 #di rei*/ag1 capitalization (1 #ah reliev$ (1 pref] robb$ ( to1 #cj religi\s d5om9ations1 capitalization (1 #ah rema9s1 pref] body to1 #ah r5d] to be avoid$1 #ee rep]tory1 spell+ (1 #ea ,report]s1 in/ructions to1 #d kept out ( /ory1 #ed republican1 capitalization (1 #ah ,reputation1 woman's1 #c resid5ce1 pref] home to1 #be re/ pref]r$ to balance1 #be resides1 pref] lives to1 #cj ,rev41 use (1 #dh revolution1 capitalization (1 #ah revolv] misus$ = pi/ol1 #ee rise1 use (1 #bi1 #cj riv]1 capitalization (1 #ah road1 capitalization (1 #bj robb$ ( pref]r$ to reliev$ (1 #bj ,roman num]als1 use (1 #ch table (1 #ci room1 capitalization (1 #ah ,ross1 ,*>les ,g41 quot$1 #f1 #h ,s sable he>se to be avoid$1 #ej sad rites to be avoid$1 #ej sa9t1 abbreviation (1 #dd same1 !1 use (1 #bg ,savior1 spell+ (1 #eb ,scores writt5 9 figures1 #ch ,scriptural texts1 h[ to write1 #dd se> confus$ ) s]e1 #eb seasons1 capitalization (1 #bj sections ( /ates1 etc41 capitalization (1 #ah secure1 pref] obta9 to1 #cj se] confus$ ) se>1 #eb ,semicolons1 use (1 #bb s5ate1 capitalization (1 #ah s5ior1 abbreviation (1 #dc capitalization (1 #ah s]e confus$ ) se]1 #eb set1 use (1 #bi1 #cj sev]al pref]r$ to a numb] (1 #cd sewage1 mean+ (1 #bd sew]1 mean+ (1 #bd sew]age1 mean+ (1 #bd ,%akespe>e1 spell+ (1 #ea ,%akespe>ean1 spell+ (1 #ea %ape1 pref] condition to1 #ee %ip body to be avoid$1 #ej sight confus$ ) site1 #eb signature1 write "u a1 #cg s9e qua non to be avoid$1 #ed sit1 use (1 #bi1 #cj site confus$ ) sight1 #eb skilful1 spell+ (1 #ea ,simplicity1 #b1 #d1 #e1 #aa1 #ga ,s9c]ity1 #e ,slang1 use (1 #ee punctuation (1 #bc smell1 use (1 intransitively1 #bi sociali/1 -ic1 capitalization (1 #ah societies1 capitalization (1 #ag socratic1 capitalization (1 #bj s f> z to be avoid$1 #cc s foll[$ by negative1 #cc solemn black to be avoid$1 #ej s long z1 use (1 #cc "s1 b>r$ z adv]b1 #cc pref] some:at to1 #cc somebody1 use mascul9e pron\n )1 #bg some:at pref]r$ to "s1 #cc sort (1 omit article aft]1 #ch ,s ,o ,s1 punctuation (1 #dc s t to be avoid$1 #di s\nd1 use (1 intransitively1 #bi ,s\rces ( in=mation1 #d s\?1 -ern1 -ern]1 capitalization (1 #ah ,space1 triple1 #g spectators1 mean+ (1 #ee ,spell+1 #ea ,split inf9itives1 #bi squ>e1 capitalization (1 #ah ,/>s & ,b>s1 capitalization (1 #ai ,/>s & ,/ripes1 capitalization (1 #ai ,/ates1 abbreviations (1 #db /ation1 pref]r$ to depot1 #be capitalization (1 #bj ,/ati/ics1 use figures 91 #ch vital1 #ej ,/ev5son1 ,rob]t ,l\is1 quot$1 #f /ocks1 capitalization ( names (1 #ai /op at hotel to be avoid$1 #cj /ork1 avoid ref]5ce to1 #ej /ory1 pref] item to1 #ee /reet1 capitalization (1 #bj /rata1 numb] (1 #bd /reet numb]s1 writ+ (1 #ch punctuation (1 #bb /urm und drang to be avoid$1 #ed subp5a1 spell+ (1 #ea ,subjunctive1 use (1 #bi su*1 use (1 z pron\n1 #bg suffraget1 spell+ (1 #eb suicide1 :5 to use1 #ed sultan1 capitalization (1 #ag ,sun1 ! ,new ,york1 words b>r$ by1 #ca ,sup]flu\s words1 #di ,sup]latives to be avoid$1 #cd sup9e1 mean+ (1 #ed supreme c\rt1 capitalization (1 #ag ,synonyms1 se>* =1 #af 9 heads1 #h misuse (1 #ad ,t take place1 use (1 #cj te*nic1 spell+ (1 #ea telephone pref]r$ to phone1 #be temp]ature1 h[ to write1 #ch t]race1 capitalization (1 #bj t]rible1 mean+ (1 #ce te/imony1 punctuation (1 #bc ,?anksgiv+ ,day1 capitalization (1 #ah t1 b>r$ z adv]b1 #cc pref]r$ to z1 #bh use (1 #bh !1 capitalization (1 #ag !at]1 capitalization (1 #ag spell+ (1 #eb ,!saurus1 use (1 #eh ^! sort misus$1 #bg ?+s1 names ( notable1 capitalization (1 #ah ?is b>r$ z adv]b1 #cc ?i!r to be avoid$1 #ee ,?ree rules1 #bb ,tibet1 spell+ (1 #ea timb]1 spell+ (1 #eb ,"t1 h[ to write1 #ch tires1 spell+ (1 #ea ,titles1 capitalization (1 #ag *ur*1 #di punctuation (1 #ai rules gov]n+1 #de to1 diff]5t1 b>r$1 #cg 9 inf9itives1 #bi ?+s comp>$1 #cj today1 spell+ (1 #ea toga1 misuse (1 #ee ,tol/oy1 spell+ (1 #ea tomorr[1 spell+ (1 #ea tory1 capitalization (1 #ah totally de/roy$ to be avoid$1 #di tots to be avoid$1 #ed t[>d1 spell+ (1 #eb trade unions1 plural (1 #ea transpire1 mean+ (1 #cj treaties1 capitalization (1 #ai triple ent5te1 etc41 capitalization (1 #ai ,trite phrases1 #eh tr\s]s pref]r$ to pants1 #ee true facts to be avoid$1 #di ,tru?1 #b1 #e1 #ad ,turg5ieff1 spell+ (1 #ea turn ov] pref]r$ to turn turtle1 #cj ,twa91 ,m>k1 quot$1 #ca ty+1 spell+ (1 #ea ,u "u a signature pref]r$1 #cg ,und]score u1 #g union1 -i/1 capitalization (1 #ah ,union ,jack1 capitalization (1 #ai ,unit l9es 9 heads1 #i univ]sity1 capitalization (1 #ai unless pref]r$ to )\t1 #bh unmoral confus$ ) immoral #eb unsanit>y confus$ ) insanit>y1 #eb ,untru?1 #b upp] p59sula1 etc41 capitalization (1 #ah utopia1 capitalization (1 #bj ,v v>sity1 punctuation (1 #eb ,v]bs1 9 heads1 #i rules gov]n+1 #bi v1 es*ew ! ^w1 #cd ,v ,rev41 use (1 #dh vice-presid5t1 capitalization (1 #ag vic]oy1 capitalization (1 #ag viol9i/1 avoid fem99e =m (1 #bd ,vital 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