,ideas ( ,good & ,evil       ,,by ,,!   
,,same ,,writ]--       ,,! ,,secret     
,,rose       ,,! ,,celtic ,,twilight    
,,poems       ,,! ,,w9d ,,among ,,!     
,,re$s       ,,! ,,%ad[y ,,wat]s        
,,plays ,,= ,,an ,,iri% ,,!atre         
,,vol4 ,i4  ,,:]e ,,!re ,,is ,,no?+     
,,vol4 ,,ii4 ,,%ort] ,,plays     ,ideas 
( ,good & ,evil   ,second ,edition      
,ideas ( ,good & ,evil4  ,by ,w4 ,b4    
,yeats   ,a4 ,h4 ,,bull51 #dg ,great    
,russell  ,/reet1 ,london1 ,w4,c4       
,,mcmiii     ,cont5ts4     ,,:at ,,is   
',,popul> ,,poetry'8                    
#a    ,,speak+ ,,to ,,! ,,psalt]y       
#af    ,,magic                          
#bi    ,,! ,,happie/ ,,( ,,! ,,poets    
#gj    ,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,%elley',s 
,,poetry                                
#ij    ,,at ,,/rat=d-,,on-,,avon        
#adb    ,,william ,,blake ,,& ,,!       
,,imag9ation                            
#afh    ,,william ,,blake ,,& ,,8       
,,illu/rations ,,to ,,! ,,div9e ,,com$y 
#agf    ,,symbolism ,,9 ,,pa9t+         

#bbf    ,,! ,,symbolism ,,( ,,poetry    
#bcg    ,,! ,,!atre                     
#beg    ,,! ,,celtic ,,elem5t ,,9       
,,lit]ature                             
#bgj    ,,! ,,autumn ,,( ,,! ,,body     
#bif    ,,! ,,moods                     
#cjf    ,,! ,,body ,,( ,,! ,,fa!r       
,,*ri/ian ,,ros5crux                    
#cjh    ,,! ,,return ,,( ,,ulysses      
#cab    ,,irel& ,,& ,,! ,,arts          
#cbj    ,,! ,,galway ,,pla9s            
#ccc    ,,emotion ,,( ,,multitude       
#cci     ,note4--,! ,essay on ,symbolism
 9 ,pa9t+ orig9ally =m$ "p ( an         
,introduction to ,a ,book ( ,images     
drawn by ,w4 ,t4 ,horton 7,unicorn      
,press71 #ahih4     ,,:at ,,is ',,popul>
 ,,poetry'8   ,i ?9k x 0 a ,"y ,irel&   
,society t set my m9d runn+ on 'popul>  
poetry4' ,we us$ to discuss ev]y?+ t 0  
kn[n to u ab\t ,irel&1 & especially     
,iri% lit]ature & ,iri% hi/ory4 ,we _h  
no ,gaelic1 b paid great hon\r to !     
,iri% poets :o wrote 9 ,engli%1 & quot$ 
!m 9 our spee*es4 ,i c\ld h told y at t 

"t ! dates ( ! bir? & dea?1 & quot$ !   
*ief poems1 ( m5 ^: names y h n he>d1 & 
p]haps ( "s ^: names ,i h =gott54 ,i    
knew 9 my he>t t ! mo/ ( !m wrote badly1
 & yet su* romance clung ab\t !m1 su* a 
desire = ,iri% poetry 0 9 all our m9ds1 
t ,i kept on say+1 n only to o!rs b to  
myself1 t mo/ ( !m wrote well1 or all b 
well4 ,i _h read ,%elley & ,sp5s] & _h  
tri$ to mix _! /yles toge!r 9 a pa/oral 
play :i* ,i h n come to dislike mu*1 &  
yet ,i d n ?9k ,%elley or ,sp5s] ev]    
mov$ me z did ^! poets4 ,i ?\ght "o     
day--,i c rememb] ! v day :5 ,i ?\ght   
x--',if somebody c\ld make a /yle :i*   
w\ld n be an ,engli% /yle & yet w\ld be 
musical & full ( col\r1 _m o!rs w\ld    
cat* fire f him1 & we w\ld h a really   
great s*ool ( ballad poetry 9 ,irel&4   
,if ^! poets1 :o h nev] ceas$ to fill ! 
newspap]s & ! ballad-books ) _! v]ses1  
_h a good tradition !y w\ld write       
beautifully & move ev]ybody z !y move   
me4' ,!n a little lat] on ,i ?\ght1 ',if
 !y _h some?+ else to write ab\t besides

 political op9ions1 if m ( !m w\ld write
 ab\t ! beliefs ( ! p l ,all+ham1 or    
ab\t old leg5ds l ,f]guson1 !y w\ld f9d 
x easi] to get a /yle4' ,!n1 ) a        
delib]at5ess t /ill surprises me1 = 9 my
 he>t ( he>ts ,i h nev] be5 q c]ta9 t "o
 %\ld be m ?an an arti/1 t ev5          
patriotism is m ?an an impure desire 9  
an arti/1 ,i set to "w to f9d a /yle &  
?+s to write ab\t t ! ballad writ]s     
might be ! bett]4  ,!y are no bett]1 ,i 
?9k1 & my desire to make !m s 01 x may  
be1 "o ( ! illusions ,nature holds be=e 
"o1 because %e kn[s t ! gifts %e has to 
give are n wor? tr\bl+ ab\t4 ,x is = h] 
sake t we mu/ /ir ourselves1 b we w\ld n
 tr\ble to get out ( b$ 9 ! morn+1 or to
 leave our *airs once we are 9 !m1 if %e
 _h n h] conjur+ bag4 ,%e want$ a few   
v]ses f me1 & because x w\ld n h seem$  
wor? :ile tak+ s mu* tr\ble to see my   
books lie on a few draw+-room tables1 %e
 fill$ my head ) ?\ghts ( mak+ a :ole   
lit]ature1 & pluck$ me out ( ! ,dubl9   
art s*ools :]e ,i %\ld h /ay$ draw+ f ! 

r\nd1 & s5t me into a libr>y to read bad
 translations f ! ,iri%1 & at la/ d[n   
into ,connaught to sit by turf fires4 ,i
 want$ to write 'popul> poetry' l ^?    
,iri% poets1 = ,i believ$ t all good    
lit]atures 7 popul>1 & ev5 *]i%$ ! fancy
 t ! ,adelphi melodrama1 :i* ,i _h nev] 
se51 might be good lit]ature1 & ,i hat$ 
:at ,i call$ ! cot]ies4 ,i ?\ght t "o   
mu/ write )\t c>e1 = t 0 ( ! cot]ies1 b 
) a gu/y en]gy t w\ld put all /raight if
 x came out ( ! "r he>t4 ,i _h a        
conviction1 :i* inde$ ,i h /ill1 t "o's 
v]ses %\ld hold1 z 9 a mirror1 ! col\rs 
( "o's own climate & sc5]y 9 _! "r      
proportion2 &1 :5 ,i f\nd my v]ses too  
full ( ! r$s & yell[s ,%elley ga!r$ 9   
,italy1 ,i ?\ght = two days ( sett+ ?+s 
"r1 n z ,i %\ld n[ by mak+ my rhy?ms    
fa9t & n]v\s & fill+ my images ) a c]ta9
 coldness1 a c]ta9 w9try wildness1 b by 
eat+ little & sleep+ ^u a bo>d4 ,i felt 
indignant ) ,mat!w ,arnold because he   
compla9$ t somebody1 :o _h translat$    
,hom] into a ballad measure1 _h tri$ to 

write epic to ! tune ( ,yankee ,doodle4 
,x seem$ to me t x did n matt] :at tune 
"o wrote to1 s long z t gu/y en]gy came 
(t5 en\gh & /rongly en\gh4 ,& ,i        
delight$ 9 ,victor ,hugo's book ^u      
,%akespe>e1 because he abus$ critics &  
cot]ies & ?\ght t ,%akespe>e wrote )\t  
c>e or prem$itation & to please         
ev]ybody4 ,i w\ld inde$ h _h e illusion 
_h ,i believ$ 9 t /raight=w>d logic1 z (
 newspap] articles1 :i* s tickles ! e>s 
( ! %opkeep]s2 b ,i always knew t ! l9e 
( ,nature is crook$1 t1 ?\gh we dig !   
canal b$s z /raight z we c1 ! riv]s run 
hi!r & ?i!r 9 _! wildness4  ,f t day to 
?is ,i h be5 busy among ! v]ses & /ories
 t ! p make = !mselves1 b ,i _h be5 busy
 a v little :ile be=e ,i knew t :at we  
call popul> poetry nev] came f ! p at   
all4 ,longfell[1 & ,campbell1 & ,mrs4   
,hemans1 & ,macaulay 9 8 ,lays1 & ,scott
 9 8 long] poems are ! poets ( ! middle 
class1 ( p :o h unle>n$ ! unwritt5      
tradition :i* b9ds ! unlett]$1 s long z 
!y are ma/]s ( !mselves1 to ! beg9n+ (  

"t & to ! f\ndation ( ! _w1 & :o h n    
le>n$ ! writt5 tradition :i* has be5    
e/abli%$ ^u ! unwritt54 ,i became c]ta9 
t ,burns1 ^: greatness has be5 us$ to   
ju/ify ! littl5ess ( o!rs1 0 9 "p a poet
 ( ! middle class1 because ?\gh ! f>m]s 
he sprang f & liv$ among _h be5 able to 
create a little tradition ( _! own1 less
 a tradition ( ideas ?an ( spee*1 !y _h 
be5 divid$ by religi\s & political      
*anges f ! images & emotions :i* _h once
 c>ri$ _! memories backw>d ?\s&s ( ye>s4
 ,despite 8 expressive spee* :i* sets   
him above all o!r popul> poets1 he has !
 triviality ( emotion1 ! pov]ty ( ideas1
 ! imp]fect s5se ( beauty ( a poetry ^: 
mo/ typical expression is 9 ,longfell[4 
,longfell[ has 8 popul>ity1 9 ! ma91    
because he tells 8 /ory or 8 idea s t "o
 ne$s no?+ b 8 v]ses to und]/& x4 ,no   
words ( 8 borr[ _! beauty f ^? t us$ !m 
be=e1 & "o c get all t !re is 9 /ory &  
idea )\t see+ !m1 z if mov+ be=e a      
half-fad$ curta9 embroid]$ ) k+s &      
que5s1 _! loves & battles & _! days out 

hunt+1 or else ) holy lett]s & images ( 
s great antiquity t nobody c tell ! god 
or goddess !y w\ld comm5d to an unfad+  
memory4 ,poetry t is n popul> poetry    
presupposes1 inde$1 m ?an x says1 ?\gh  
we1 :o _c "k :at x is to be dis9h]it$1  
only und]/& h[ mu* m1 :5 we read x 9 its
 mo/ typical expressions1 9 !           
,epipsy*idion ( ,%elley1 or 9 ,sp5s]'s  
description ( ! g>d5s ( ,adonis1 or :5  
we meet ! misund]/&+s ( o!rs4 ,g d[n    
into ! /reet & read to y\r bak] or y\r  
c&le/ick-mak] any poem :i* is n popul>  
poetry4 ,i h he>d a bak]1 :o 0 clev]    
en\gh ) 8 ov51 d5y t ,t5nyson c\ld h    
kn[n :at he 0 writ+ :5 he wrote ',w>m+ 8
 five wits1 ! :ite owl 9 ! belfry sits1'
 & once :5 ,i read out ,om> ,khayyam to 
"o ( ! be/ ( c&le/ick-mak]s1 he said1   
',:at is ! mean+ ( we come l wat] & l   
w9d we g8' ,or g d[n into ! /reet ) "s  
?\ght ^: b>e mean+ mu/ be pla9 to       
ev]ybody2 take ) y ,b5 ,jonson's        
',beauty l sorr[ dwelle? ev]y:]e1' & f9d
 out h[ utt]ly its en*antm5t dep5ds on  

an association ( beauty ) sorr[ :i*     
writt5 tradition has f ! unwritt51 :i*  
_h x 9 its turn f anci5t religion2 or   
take ) y ^! l9es 9 ^: b>e mean+ also !re
 is no?+ to /umble ov]1 & f9d out :at m5
 lose :o are n 9 love ) ,hel54          
',brightness falls f ! air1   ,que5s h  
di$ "y & fair1   ,du/ ha? clos$ ,hel5's 
eye4'  ,i pick my examples at r&om1 = ,i
 am writ+ :]e ,i h no books to turn !   
pages (1 b "o ne$ n g ea/ ( ! sun or we/
 ( ! moon 9 s simple a matt]4  ,on ! o!r
 h&1 :5 ,walt ,:itman writes 9 seem+    
defiance ( tradition1 he ne$s tradition 
= 8 protection1 = ! but*] & ! bak] & !  
c&le/ick-mak] gr[ m]ry ov] him :5 !y    
meet 8 "w by *ance4 ,nature1 :i* _c     
endure empt9ess1 has made !m ga!r       
conv5tions :i* _c disguise _! l[ bir?   
?\gh !y copy1 z f f> (f1 ! dress &      
mann]s ( ! well-br$ & ! well-born4 ,!   
ga!r]s mock all expression t is :olly   
unlike _! own1 j z little boys 9 ! /reet
 mock at /rangely-dress$ p & at old m5  
:o talk to !mselves4  ,!re is only "o   

k9d ( good poetry1 = ! poetry ( !       
cot]ies1 :i* presupposes ! writt5       
tradition1 does n diff] 9 k9d f ! true  
poetry ( ! p1 :i* presupposes ! unwritt5
 tradition4 ,bo? are alike /range &     
obscure1 & unreal to all :o h n und]/&+1
 & bo?1 in/ead ( t manife/ logic1 t cle>
 rhetoric ( ! 'popul> poetry1' glimm] ) 
?\ghts & images ^: 'ance/ors 7 /\t &    
wise1' 'anigh to ,p>adise' 'ere yet m5  
knew ! gift ( corn4' ,x may be t we "k z
 little ( _! desc5t z m5 knew ( '! man  
born to be a k+' :5 !y f\nd him 9 t     
cradle m>k$ ) ! r$ lion cre/1 & yet we  
"k some:]e 9 ! he>t t !y h be5 sung 9   
temples1 9 ladies' *amb]s1 & our n]ves  
quiv] ) a recognition !y 7 %ap$ to by a 
?\s& emotions4 ,if m5 did n rememb] or  
half rememb] impossible ?+s1 &1 x may   
be1 if ! wor%ip ( sun & moon _h n left a
 fa9t rev]5ce beh9d x1 :at ,aran        
fi%]-girl w\ld s+--  ',x is late la/    
night ! dog 0 speak+ ( y2 ! snipe 0     
speak+ ( y 9 h] deep m>%4 ,x is y are ! 
lonely bird ?r\gh\t ! woods2 & t y may  

be )\t a mate until y f9d me4  ',y      
promis$ me & y said a lie to me1 t y    
w\ld be be=e me :]e ! %eep are flock$4  
,i gave a :i/le & ?ree hundr$ cries to  
y2 & ,i f\nd no?+ !re b a bleat+ lamb4  
',y promis$ me a ?+ t 0 h>d = y1 a %ip (
 gold "u a silv] ma/2 twelve t[ns & a   
m>ket 9 all ( !m1 & a f9e :ite c\rt by !
 side ( ! sea4  ',y promis$ me a ?+ t is
 n possible2 t y w\ld give me gloves ( !
 sk9 ( a fi%2 t y w\ld give me %oes ( ! 
sk9 ( a bird1 & a suit ( ! de>e/ silk 9 
,irel&4  ',my "m said to me n to be     
talk+ ) y1 to-day or to-morr[ or on     
,sunday4 ,x 0 a bad "t %e took = tell+  
me t1 x 0 %utt+ ! door aft] ! h\se 0    
robb$4444  ',y h tak5 ! ea/ f me1 y h   
tak5 ! we/ f me1 y h tak5 :at is be=e me
 & :at is beh9d me2 y h tak5 ! moon1 y h
 tak5 ! sun f me1 & my fe> is great y h 
tak5 ,god f me4'  ,! ,gael ( ! ,scotti% 
isl&s c\ld n s+ 8 beautiful song ov] a  
bride1 _h he n a memory ( ! belief t    
,*ri/ 0 ! only man :o measur$ six feet &
 n a little m or less1 & 0 p]fectly %ap$

 9 all o!r ways1 & if he did n rememb]  
old symbolical obs]vances--    ,i ba! ?y
 palms   ,9 %[]s ( w9e1   ,9 ! cleans+  
fire1   ,9 ! juice ( raspb]ries1   ,9 ! 
milk ( honey4       99       99       99
       99       99    ,?\ art ! joy (   
all joy\s ?+s1   ,?\ art ! light ( !    
beam ( ! sun1   ,?\ art ! door ( ! *ief 
( hospitality1   ,?\ art ! surpass+     
pilot />1   ,?\ art ! /ep ( ! de] ( !   
hill1   ,?\ art ! /ep ( ! horse ( !     
pla91   ,?\ art ! grace ( ! sun ris+1   
,?\ art ! lovel9ess ( all lovely        
desires4    ,! lovely lik5ess ( ! ,"l   
,is 9 ?y pure face1   ,! lovelie/       
lik5ess t 0 ^u e>?4  ,i soon le>n$ to   
ca/ away "o o!r illusion ( 'popul>      
poetry4' ,i le>n$ f ! p !mselves1 be=e  
,i le>n$ x f any book1 t !y _c sep>ate !
 idea ( an art or a craft f ! idea ( a  
cult ) anci5t te*nicalities & my/]ies4  
,!y c h>dly sep>ate m]e le>n+ f         
wit*craft1 & are fond ( words & v]ses t 
keep half _! secret to !mselves4 ,inde$1
 x is c]ta9 t be=e ! c\nt+-h\se _h      

creat$ a new class & a new art )\t bre$+
 & )\t ance/ry1 & set ?is art & ?is     
class betwe5 ! hut & ! ca/le1 & betwe5 !
 hut & ! cloi/]1 ! art ( ! p 0 z closely
 m+l$ ) ! art ( ! cot]ies z 0 ! spee* ( 
! p t delight$ 9 rhy?mical animation1 9 
idiom1 9 images1 9 words full ( f>-(f   
sugge/ion1 ) ! un*ang+ spee* ( ! poets4 
,n[ ,i see a new g5]ation 9 ,irel& :i*  
discusses ,iri% lit]ature & hi/ory 9 ,"y
 ,irel& societies1 & societies ) new]   
names1 & !re are f> m ?an :5 ,i 0 a boy 
:o w\ld make v]ses = ! p4 ,!y h ! help1 
too1 ( a vigor\s j\rnalism1 & ?is       
j\rnalism sometimes urges !m to desire !
 direct logic1 ! cle> rhetoric1 (       
'popul> poetry4' ,x sees t ,irel& has no
 cultivat$ m9ority1 & x does n see1 ?\gh
 x w\ld ca/ out all ,engli% ?+s1 t its  
lit]>y ideal belongs m to ,engl& ?an to 
o!r c\ntries4 ,i h hope t ! new writ]s w
 n fall into its illusion1 = !y write 9 
,iri%1 & = a p ! c\nt+-h\se has n made  
=getful4 ,among ! sev5 or eight hundr$  
?\s& :o h _h ,iri% f ! cradle1 !re is1  

p]haps1 nobody :o has n en\gh ( !       
unwritt5 tradition to "k good v]ses f   
bad ones1 if he h en\gh "m-wit4 ,among  
all t speak ,engli% 9 ,au/ralia1 9      
,am]ica1 9 ,great ,brita91 are !re _m m 
?an ! t5 ?\s& ! prophet saw1 :o h en\gh 
( ! writt5 tradition education has set 9
 room ( ! unwritt5 to "k good v]ses f   
bad ones1 ev5 ?\gh _! "m-wit has made !m
 ,m9i/]s ( ! ,cr[n or :at y w8 ,nor c   
?+s be bett] till t t5 ?\s& h gone hi!r 
& ?i!r to prea* _! fai? t '! imag9ation 
is ! man himself1' & t ! _w z imag9ation
 sees x is ! durable _w1 & h won m5 z   
did ! disciples ( ,him :o--    ,8 sev5ty
 disciples s5t   ,aga9/ religion &      
gov]nm5t4  #aija4     ,,speak+ ,,to ,,! 
,,psalt]y   ,i  ,i h always kn[n t !re 0
 some?+ ,i dislik$ ab\t s++1 & ,i       
naturally dislike pr9t & pap]1 b n[ at  
la/ ,i und]/& :y1 = ,i h f\nd some?+    
bett]4 ,i h j he>d a poem spok5 ) s     
delicate a s5se ( its rhy?m1 ) s p]fect 
a respect = its mean+1 t if ,i 7 a wise 
man & c\ld p]suade a few p to le>n ! art

 ,i w\ld nev] op5 a book ( v]ses aga94  
,a fri5d1 :o 0 "h a few m9utes ago1 has 
sat ) a beautiful /r+$ in/rum5t ^u h]   
knee1 h] f+]s pass+ ov] ! /r+s1 & has   
spok5 to me "s v]ses f ,%elley's ,skyl>k
 & ,sir ,ector's lam5tation ov] ! dead  
,launcelot out ( ! ,morte d',ar?ur & "s 
( my own poems4 ,:]ev] ! rhy?m 0 mo/    
delicate1 :]ev] ! emotion 0 mo/ ec/atic1
 h] art 0 ! mo/ beautiful1 & yet1 al?\gh
 %e sometimes spoke to a little tune1 x 
0 nev] s++1 z we s+ to-day1 nev] any?+ b
 spee*4 ,a s++ note1 a ^w *ant$ z !y    
*ant 9 *ur*es1 w\ld h spoil$ ev]y?+2 nor
 0 x recit+1 = %e spoke to a notation z 
def9ite z t ( song1 us+ ! in/rum5t1 :i* 
murmur$ sweetly & fa9tly1 "u ! spok5    
s\nds1 to give h] ! *ang+ notes4 ,ano!r 
speak] c\ld h repeat$ all h] effects1   
except ^? :i* came f h] own beautiful   
voice t w\ld h giv5 h] fame if ! only   
art t gives ! speak+ voice its p]fect   
opportunity 7 z well kn[n among u z x 0 
kn[n 9 ! anci5t _w4   ,,ii  ,s9ce ,i 0 a
 boy ,i h always long$ to he> poems     

spok5 to a h>p1 z ,i imag9$ ,hom] to h  
spok5 81 = x is n natural to enjoy an   
art only :5 "o is by oneself4 ,:5ev] "o 
f9ds a f9e v]se "o wants to read x to   
somebody1 & x w\ld be mu* less tr\ble & 
mu* pleasant] if we c\ld all li/51 fri5d
 by fri5d1 lov] by belov$4 ,images us$  
to rise up be=e me1 z ,i am sure !y h   
aris5 be=e ne>ly ev]ybody else :o c>es =
 poetry1 ( wild-ey$ m5 speak+ h>moni\sly
 to murmur+ wires :ile audi5ces 9       
_m-col\r$ robes li/5$1 hu%$ & excit$4   
,:5ev] ,i spoke ( my desire to anybody  
!y said ,i %\ld write = music1 b :5 ,i  
he>d any?+ sung ,i did n he> ! words1 or
 if ,i did _! natural pronunciation 0   
alt]$ & _! natural music 0 alt]$1 or x 0
 dr[n$ 9 ano!r music :i* ,i did n       
und]/&4 ,:at 0 ! good ( writ+ a         
love-song if ! s+] pron\nc$ love1       
'lo-o-o-o-o-ve1' or ev5 if he said      
'love1' b did n give x its exact place &
 weight 9 ! rhy?m8 ,l e o!r poet1 ,i    
spoke v]ses 9 a k9d ( *ant :5 ,i 0 mak+ 
!m1 & sometimes1 :5 ,i 0 alone on a     

c\ntry road1 ,i w\ld speak !m 9 a l\d   
*ant+ voice1 & feel t if ,i d>$ ,i w\ld 
speak !m 9 t way to o!r p4 ,"o day ,i 0 
walk+ ?r\gh a ,dubl9 /reet ) ! ,vision>y
 ,i h writt5 ab\t 9 ,! ,celtic          
,twilight1 & he began speak+ 8 v]ses out
 al\d ) ! confid5ce ( ^? :o h ! inn]    
light4 ,he did n m9d t p /opp$ & look$  
aft] him ev5 on ! f> side ( ! road1 b   
w5t on ?r\gh poem aft] poem4 ,l myself1 
he knew no?+ ( music1 b 0 c]ta9 t he _h 
writt5 !m to a mann] ( music1 & he _h   
once ask$ somebody :o play$ on a w9d    
in/rum5t ( "s k9d1 & !n a viol9i/1 to   
write out ! music & play x4 ,! viol9i/  
_h play$ x1 or some?+ l x1 b _h n writt5
 x d[n2 b ! man ) ! w9d in/rum5t said x 
c\ld n be play$ because x conta9$       
qu>t]-tones & w\ld be out ( tune4 ,we 7 
n at all conv9c$ by ?is1 & "o day1 :5 we
 7 /ay+ ) a ,galway fri5d :o is a le>n$ 
musician1 ,i ask$ him to li/5 to our    
v]ses1 & to ! way we spoke !m4 ,!       
,vision>y f\nd to 8 surprise t he did n 
make e poem to a diff]5t tune1 & to !   

surprise ( ! musician t he did make !m  
all to two q def9ite tunes1 :i* are1 x  
seems1 l v simple ,arabic music4 ,x 01  
p]haps1 to "s su* music1 ,i ?\ght1 t    
,blake sang 8 ,songs ( ,innoc5ce 9 ,mrs4
 ,williams' draw+-room1 & p]haps he1    
too1 spoke r ?an sang4 ,i1 on ! o!r h&1 
did n (t5 compose to a tune1 ?\gh ,i    
sometimes did1 yet always to notes t    
c\ld be writt5 d[n & play$ on my fri5d's
 organ1 or turn$ into some?+ l a        
,gregorian hymn if "o sang !m 9 ! ord9>y
 way4 ,i v>i$ m ?an ! ,vision>y1 :o nev]
 =got 8 two tunes1 "o = long & "o = %ort
 l9es1 & c\ld n always speak a poem 9 ! 
same way1 b always felt t c]ta9 ways 7  
"r1 & t ,i w\ld "k "o ( !m if ,i        
rememb]$ ! way ,i fir/ spoke ! poem4 ,:5
 ,i got to ,london ,i gave ! notation1 z
 x _h be5 play$ on ! organ1 to ! fri5d  
:o has j gone out1 & %e spoke x to me1  
giv+ my words a new quality by ! beauty 
( h] voice4   ,,iii  ,!n we began to w&]
 ?r\gh ! wood ( error2 we tri$ speak+   
?r\gh music 9 ! ord9>y way "u ,i "k n ^:

 evil influ5ce1 until we got to hate !  
two compet+ tunes & rhy?ms t 7 s (t5 at 
discord ) "o ano!r1 ! tune & rhy?m ( !  
v]se & ! tune & rhy?m ( ! music4 ,!n we 
tri$1 p]suad$ by somebody :o ?\ght      
qu>t]-tones & less int]vals ! especial  
m>k ( spee* z di/9ct f s++1 to write out
 :at we did 9 wavy l9es4 ,on f9d+ some?+
 l ^! l9es 9 ,tibetan music1 we became s
 confid5t t we cov]$ a l>ge piece (     
pa/ebo>d1 :i* n[ bl[s up my fire 9 !    
morn+1 ) a notation 9 wavy l9es z a     
demon/ration = a lecture2 b at la/ ,mr4 
,dolmets* put u back to our fir/ ?\ght4 
,he made u a beautiful in/rum5t half    
psalt]y half lyre :i* conta9s1 ,i       
und]/&1 all ! *romatic int]vals )9 !    
range ( ! speak+ voice2 & he taught u to
 regulate our spee* by ! ord9>y musical 
notes4  ,"s ( ! notations he taught     
u--^? 9 :i* !re is no lilt1 no recurr+  
patt]n ( s\nds--are l ?is notation = a  
song out ( ! fir/ ,act ( ,! ,c\ntess    
,ca?le54  ,x is writt5 9 ! old ,c clef1 
:i* is1 ,i am told1 ! mo/ reasonable way

 to write x1 = x w\ld be bel[ ! /ave on 
! treble clef or above x on ! bass clef4
 ,! c5tral l9e ( ! /ave corresponds to !
 middle ,c ( ! piano2 ! fir/ note ( !   
poem is !re=e ,d4 ,! m>ks ( long & %ort 
ov] ! syllables are n m>ks ( scansion1 b
 %[ ! syllables "o makes ! voice hurry  
or l+] ov]4   ,illu/ration3 ,song &     
music4   ,"o ne$s1 ( c\rse1 a f> less   
complicat$ notation ?an a s+]1 & "o is  
ev5 p]mitt$ slight modifications ( !    
fix$ note :5 dramatic expression dem&s x
 & ! in/rum5t is n s\nd+4 ,! notation   
:i* regulates ! g5]al =m ( ! s\nd leaves
 x free to add a complexity ( dramatic  
expression f its own incommunicable     
g5ius :i* comp5sates ! lov] ( spee* = ! 
lack ( complex musical expression4      
,ord9>y spee* is =mless1 & its v>iety is
 l ! v>iety :i* sep>ates bad prose f !  
regulat$ spee* ( ,milton1 or any?+ t is 
=mless & void f any?+ t has =m & beauty4
 ,! orator1 ! speak] :o has "s little ( 
! great tradition ( 8 craft1 diff]s f ! 
debat] v l>gely because he und]/&s h[ to

 assume t subtle monotony ( voice :i*   
runs ?r\gh ! n]ves l fire4  ,ev5 :5 "o  
is speak+ to a s+le note s\nd$ fa9tly on
 ! ,psalt]y1 if "o is suffici5tly       
practis$ to speak on x )\t ?9k+ ab\t x  
"o c get an endless v>iety ( expression4
 ,all art is1 inde$1 a monotony 9       
ext]nal ?+s = ! sake ( an int]ior       
v>iety1 a sacrifice ( gross effects to  
subtle effects1 an asceticism ( !       
imag9ation4 ,b ?is new art1 new 9 mod]n 
life ,i mean1 w h to tra9 its he>]s z   
well z its speak]s1 = x takes "t to     
surr5d] gladly ! gross ef=ts "o is      
accu/om$ to1 & "o may well f9d m]e      
monotony at fir/ :]e "o soon le>ns to   
f9d a v>iety z incalculable z 9 ! outl9e
 ( faces or 9 ! expression ( eyes4      
,mod]n act+ & recitation h taught u to  
fix our att5tion on ! gross effects till
 we h come to ?9k ge/ure & ! intonation 
t copies ! accid5tal surface ( life m   
important ?an ! rhy?m2 & yet we und]/&  
!oretically t x is precisely ?is rhy?m t
 sep>ates good writ+ f bad1 t is !      

glimm]1 ! fragrance1 ! _s ( all int5se  
lit]ature4 ,i d n say t we %\ld speak   
our plays to musical notes1 = dramatic  
v]se w ne$ its own me?od1 & ,i h hi!rto 
exp]im5t$ ) %ort lyric poems alone2 b ,i
 am c]ta9 t1 if p w\ld li/5 = a :ile to 
lyrical v]se spok5 to notes1 !y w\ld    
soon f9d x impossible to li/5 )\t       
indignation to v]se z x is spok5 9 our  
lead+ !atres4 ,!y w\ld get a subtlety ( 
he>+ t w\ld dem& new effects f actors & 
ev5 f public speak]s1 & !y might1 x may 
be1 beg9 ev5 to notice "o ano!r's voices
 till poetry & rhy?m _h come ne>] to    
common life4  ,i _c tell :at *anges ?is 
new art is to g ?r\gh1 or to :at        
greatness or littl5ess ( =tune2 b ,i c  
imag9e little /ories 9 prose ) _!       
dialogues 9 metre go+ pleasantly to !   
/r+s4 ,i am n c]ta9 t ,i %all n see "s  
,ord] nam+ itself f ! ,gold5 ,violet ( !
 ,tr\bad\rs or ! l1 & hav+ among its    
memb]s none b well-taught & well-mann]$ 
speak]s :o w keep ! new art f disrepute4
 ,!y w "k h[ to keep f s++ notes & f    

prosaic lifeless intonations1 & !y w    
always und]/&1 h[ev] f> !y pu% _!       
exp]im5ts1 t poetry & n music is _!     
object2 & !y w h by he>t1 l ! ,iri%     
,file1 s _m poems & notations t !y w    
nev] h to b5d _! heads ov] ! book to !  
ru9 ( dramatic expression & ( t wild air
 ! b>d _h always ab\t him 9 my boyi%    
imag9ation4 ,!y w g "h & !re speak+ _!  
v]ses & _! little /ories :]ev] !y c f9d 
a score or two ( poetical-m9d$ p 9 a big
 room1 or a c\ple ( poetical-m9d$ fri5ds
 sitt+ by ! he>?1 & poets w write !m    
poems & little /ories to ! conf\nd+ (   
pr9t & pap]4 ,i1 at any rate1 f ?is out 
mean to write all my long] poems = !    
/age1 & all my %ort] ones = ! ,psalt]y1 
if only "s /rong angel keep me to my    
good resolutions4  #aijb4     ,,magic   
,i  ,i believe 9 ! practice & philosophy
 ( :at we h agre$ to call magic1 9 :at  
,i mu/ call ! evocation ( spirits1 ?\gh 
,i d n "k :at !y are1 9 ! p[] ( creat+  
magical illusions1 9 ! visions ( tru? 9 
! dep?s ( ! m9d :5 ! eyes are clos$2 &  

,i believe 9 ?ree doctr9es1 :i* h1 z ,i 
?9k1 be5 h&$ d[n f e>ly times1 & be5 !  
f\ndations ( ne>ly all magical          
practices4 ,^! doctr9es are--  7#a7 ,t !
 bord]s ( our m9ds are ev] %ift+1 & t _m
 m9ds c fl[ into "o ano!r1 z x 71 &     
create or reveal a s+le m9d1 a s+le     
en]gy4  7#b7 ,t ! bord]s ( our memories 
are z %ift+1 & t our memories are a "p (
 "o great memory1 ! memory ( ,nature    
h]self4  7#c7 ,t ?is great m9d & great  
memory c be evok$ by symbols4  ,i (t5   
?9k ,i w\ld put ?is belief 9 magic f me 
if ,i c\ld1 = ,i h come to see or to    
imag9e1 9 m5 & wom51 9 h\ses1 9         
h&icrafts1 9 ne>ly all sights & s\nds1 a
 c]ta9 evil1 a c]ta9 ugl9ess1 t comes f 
! sl[ p]i%+ ?r\gh ! c5turies ( a quality
 ( m9d t made ?is belief & its evid5ces 
common ov] ! _w4   ,,ii  ,"s t5 or      
twelve ye>s ago1 a man ) :om ,i h s9ce  
qu>rell$ = s\nd reasons1 a v s+ul> man  
:o _h giv5 8 life to /udies o!r m5      
despis$1 ask$ me & an acqua9tance1 :o is
 n[ dead1 to witness a magical "w4 ,he  

liv$ a little way f ,london1 & on ! way 
my acqua9tance told me t he did n       
believe 9 magic1 b t a novel ( ,bulw]   
,lytton's _h tak5 su* a hold ^u 8       
imag9ation t he 0 go+ to give mu* ( 8 "t
 & all 8 ?\ght to magic4 ,he long$ to   
believe 9 x1 & _h /udi$1 ?\gh n le>n$ly1
 geomancy1 a/rology1 *iromancy1 & mu*   
cabali/ic symbolism1 & yet d\bt$ if !   
s\l outliv$ ! body4 ,he await$ ! magical
 "w full ( scepticism4 ,he expect$ no?+ 
m ?an an air ( romance1 an illusion z ( 
! /age1 t might capture ! cons5t+       
imag9ation = an h\r4 ,! evok] ( spirits 
& 8 beautiful wife receiv$ u 9 a little 
h\se1 on ! edge ( "s k9d ( g>d5 or p>k  
belong+ to an ecc5tric ri* man1 ^:      
curiosities he arrang$ & du/$1 & he made
 8 evocation 9 a long room t _h a rais$ 
place on ! floor at "o end1 a k9d (     
dais1 b 0 furni%$ meagrely & *eaply4 ,i 
sat ) my acqua9tance 9 ! middle ( !     
room1 & ! evok] ( spirits on ! dais1 & 8
 wife betwe5 u & him4 ,he held a wood5  
mace 9 8 h&1 & turn+ to a tablet (      

_m-col\r$ squ>es1 ) a numb] on ea* ( !  
squ>es1 t /ood ne> him on a *air1 he    
repeat$ a =m ( words4 ,almo/ at once my 
imag9ation began to move ( itself & to  
br+ be=e me vivid images t1 ?\gh nev]   
too vivid to be imag9ation1 z ,i _h     
always und]/ood x1 _h yet a motion ( _! 
own1 a life ,i c\ld n *ange or %ape4 ,i 
rememb] see+ a numb] ( :ite figures1 &  
wond]+ :e!r _! mitr$ heads _h be5       
sugge/$ by ! mitr$ head ( ! mace1 & !n1 
( a sudd51 ! image ( my acqua9tance 9 ! 
mid/ ( !m4 ,i told :at ,i _h se51 & !   
evok] ( spirits cri$ 9 a deep voice1    
',let him be blott$ out1' & z he said x 
! image ( my acqua9tance vani%$1 & !    
evok] ( spirits or 8 wife saw a man     
dress$ 9 black ) a curi\s squ>e cap /&+ 
among ! :ite figures4 ,x 0 my           
acqua9tance1 ! se]ess said1 z he _h be5 
9 a pa/ life1 ! life t _h m\ld$ 8       
pres5t1 & t life w\ld n[ unfold be=e u4 
,i too seem$ to see ! man ) a /range    
vividness4 ,! /ory unfold$ itself *iefly
 be=e ! m9d's eye ( ! se]ess1 b         

sometimes ,i saw :at %e describ$ be=e ,i
 he>d h] description4 ,%e ?\ght ! man 9 
black 0 p]haps a ,flem+ ( ! sixte5?     
c5tury1 & ,i c\ld see him pass along    
n>r[ /reets till he came to a n>r[ door 
) "s ru/y ironwork above x4 ,he w5t 91 &
 wi%+ to f9d out h[ f> we _h "o vision  
among u1 ,i kept sil5t :5 ,i saw a dead 
body ly+ ^u ! table )9 ! door4 ,! se]ess
 describ$ him go+ d[n a long hall & up  
into :at %e call$ a pulpit1 & beg9n+ to 
speak4 ,%e said1 ',he is a cl]gyman1 ,i 
c he> 8 words4 ,!y s\nd l ,l[ ,dut*4'   
,!n aft] a little sil5ce1 ',no1 ,i am   
wrong4 ,i c see ! li/5]s2 he is a doctor
 lectur+ among 8 pupils4' ,i said1 ',d y
 see any?+ ne> ! door8' & %e said1      
',yes1 ,i see a subject = dissection4'  
,!n we saw him g out aga9 into ! n>r[   
/reets1 ,i foll[+ ! /ory ( ! se]ess1    
sometimes m]ely foll[+ h] words1 b      
sometimes see+ = myself4 ,my acqua9tance
 saw no?+2 ,i ?9k he 0 =bidd5 to see1 x 
be+ 8 own life1 & ,i ?9k c\ld n 9 any   
case4 ,8 imag9ation _h no w ( its own4  

,pres5tly ! man 9 black w5t into a h\se 
) two gables fac+ ! road1 & up "s /airs 
into a room :]e a hump-back$ woman gave 
him a key2 & !n along a corridor1 & d[n 
"s /airs into a l>ge cell> full (       
retorts & /range vessels ( all k9ds4 ,"h
 he seem$ to /ay a long :ile1 & "o saw  
him eat+ bread t he took d[n f a %elf4  
,! evok] ( spirits & ! se]ess began to  
speculate ab\t ! man's "* & habits1 &   
decid$1 f a vision>y impression1 t 8 m9d
 0 absorb$ 9 naturalism1 b t 8          
imag9ation _h be5 excit$ by /ories ( !  
m>vels wr\ght by magic 9 pa/ times1 & t 
he 0 try+ to copy !m by naturali/ic     
means4 ,pres5tly "o ( !m saw him g to a 
vessel t /ood ov] a sl[ fire1 & take out
 ( ! vessel a ?+ wrapp$ up 9 numb]less  
clo?s1 :i* he p>tly unwrapp$1 %[+ at    
l5g? :at look$ l ! image ( a man made by
 somebody :o c\ld n model4 ,! evok] (   
spirits said t ! man 9 black 0 try+ to  
make fle% by *emical means1 & ?\gh he _h
 n succe$$1 8 brood+ _h drawn s _m evil 
spirits ab\t him1 t ! image 0 p>tly     

alive4 ,he c\ld see x mov+ a little :]e 
x lay ^u a table4 ,at t mom5t ,i he>d   
some?+ l little squeals1 b kept sil5t1 z
 :5 ,i saw ! dead body4 ,9 a mom5t m !  
se]ess said1 ',i he> little squeals4'   
,!n ! evok] ( spirits he>d !m1 b said1  
',!y are n squeals2 he is p\r+ a r$     
liquid out ( a retort ?r\gh a slit 9 !  
clo?2 ! slit is ov] ! m\? ( ! image & ! 
liquid is gurgl+ 9 r a curi\s way4'     
,weeks seem$ to pass by hurri$ly1 &     
somebody saw ! man /ill busy 9 8 cell>4 
,!n m weeks seem$ to pass1 & n[ we saw  
him ly+ sick 9 a room up-/airs1 & a man 
9 a conical cap /&+ beside him4 ,we c\ld
 see ! image too4 ,x 0 9 ! cell>1 b n[ x
 c\ld move feebly ab\t ! floor4 ,i saw  
fa9t] images ( ! image pass+ cont9ually 
f :]e x crawl$ to ! man 9 8 b$1 & ,i    
ask$ ! evok] ( spirits :at !y 74 ,he    
said1 ',!y are ! images ( 8 t]ror4'     
,pres5tly ! man 9 ! conical cap began to
 speak1 b :o he>d him ,i _c rememb]4 ,he
 made ! sick man get out ( b$ & walk1   
lean+ ^u him1 & 9 mu* t]ror till !y came

 to ! cell>4 ,!re ! man 9 ! conical cap 
made "s symbol ov] ! image1 :i* fell    
back z if asleep1 & putt+ a knife into !
 o!r's h& he said1 ',i h tak5 f x !     
magical life1 b y mu/ take f x ! life y 
gave4' ,somebody saw ! sick man /oop &  
sev] ! head ( ! image f its body1 & !n  
fall z if he _h giv5 himself a mortal   
w\nd1 = he _h fill$ x ) 8 own life4 ,&  
!n ! vision *ang$ & flutt]$1 & he 0 ly+ 
sick aga9 9 ! room up-/airs4 ,he seem$  
to lie !re a long "t ) ! man 9 ! conical
 cap wat*+ beside him1 & !n1 ,i _c      
rememb] h[1 ! evok] ( spirits discov]$ t
 ?\gh he w\ld 9 "p recov]1 he w\ld nev] 
be well1 & t ! /ory _h got abroad 9 !   
t[n & %att]$ 8 good "n4 ,8 pupils _h    
left him & m5 avoid$ him4 ,he 0 accurs$4
 ,he 0 a magician4  ,! /ory 0 f9i%$1 &  
,i look$ at my acqua9tance4 ,he 0 :ite &
 awe/ruck4 ,he said1 z ne>ly z ,i c     
rememb]1 ',all my life ,i h se5 myself 9
 dreams mak+ a man by "s means l t4 ,:5 
,i 0 a *ild ,i 0 always ?9k+ out        
contrivances = galvaniz+ a corpse into  

life4' ,pres5tly he said1 ',p]haps my   
bad heal? 9 ?is life comes f t          
exp]im5t4' ,i ask$ if he _h read        
,frank5/e91 & he answ]$ t he _h4 ,he 0 !
 only "o ( u :o _h1 & he _h tak5 no "p 9
 ! vision4   ,,iii  ,!n ,i ask$ to h "s 
pa/ life ( m9e reveal$1 & a new         
evocation 0 made be=e ! tablet full (   
little squ>es4 ,i _c rememb] s well :o  
saw ?is or t detail1 = n[ ,i 0 int]e/$ 9
 little b ! vision itself4 ,i _h come to
 a conclusion ab\t ! me?od4 ,i knew t ! 
vision may be 9 "p common to sev]al p4  
,a man 9 *a9 arm\r pass$ ?r\gh a ca/le  
door1 & ! se]ess notic$ ) surprise !    
b>5ess & rud5ess ( ca/le rooms4 ,!re 0  
no?+ ( ! magnific5ce or ! pageantry %e  
_h expect$4 ,! man came to a l>ge hall &
 to a little *apel op5+ out ( x1 :]e a  
c]emony 0 tak+ place4 ,!re 7 six girls  
dress$ 9 :ite1 :o took f ! alt> "s yell[
 object--,i ?\ght x 0 gold1 = ?\gh1 l my
 acqua9tance1 ,i 0 told n to see1 ,i    
c\ld n help see+4 ,somebody else ?\ght t
 x 0 yell[ fl[]s1 & ,i ?9k ! girls1 ?\gh

 ,i _c rememb] cle>ly1 laid x betwe5 !  
man's h&s4 ,he w5t out aft] a "t1 & z he
 pass$ ?r\gh ! great hall "o ( u1 ,i    
=get :om1 notic$ t he pass$ ov] two     
grave/ones4 ,!n ! vision became brok51 b
 pres5tly he /ood 9 a monk's habit among
 m5-at-arms 9 ! middle ( a village read+
 f a p>*m5t4 ,he 0 call+ villag]s ab\t  
him1 & pres5tly he & !y & ! m5-at-arms  
took %ip = "s long voyage4 ,! vision    
became brok5 aga91 & :5 we c\ld see     
cle>ly !y _h come to :at seem$ ! ,holy  
,l&4 ,!y _h begun "s k9d ( sacr$ lab\r  
among palm-trees4 ,! common m5 among !m 
/ood idle1 b ! g5tlem5 c>ri$ l>ge /ones1
 br++ !m f c]ta9 directions1 f ! c>d9al 
po9ts ,i ?9k1 ) a c]emoni\s =mality4 ,! 
evok] ( spirits said !y mu/ be mak+ "s  
k9d ( masonic h\se4 ,8 m9d1 l ! m9ds ( s
 _m /ud5ts ( ^! hidd5 ?+s1 0 always     
runn+ on masonry & discov]+ x 9 /range  
places4  ,we broke ! vision t we might h
 supp]1 break+ x ) "s =m ( words :i* ,i 
=get4 ,:5 supp] _h end$ ! se]ess cri$   
out t :ile we _h be5 eat+ !y _h be5     

build+1 & !y _h built n a masonic h\se b
 a great /one cross4 ,& n[ !y _h all    
gone away b ! man :o _h be5 9 *a9 arm\r 
& two monks we _h n notic$ be=e4 ,he 0  
/&+ aga9/ ! cross1 8 feet ^u two /one   
re/s a little above ! gr\nd1 & 8 arms   
spread out4 ,he seem$ to /& !re all day1
 b :5 night came he w5t to a little     
cell1 t 0 beside two o!r cells4 ,i ?9k  
!y 7 l ! cells ,i h se5 9 ! ,aran       
,isl&s1 b ,i _c be c]ta94 ,_m days seem$
 to pass1 & all day e day he /ood ^u !  
cross1 & we nev] saw anybody !re b him &
 ! two monks4 ,_m ye>s seem$ to pass1   
mak+ ! vision flutt] l a drift ( leaves 
be=e our eyes1 & he grew old &          
:ite-hair$1 & we saw ! two monks1 old & 
:ite-hair$1 hold+ him ^u ! cross4 ,i    
ask$ ! evok] ( spirits :y ! man /ood    
!re1 & be=e he _h "t to answ] ,i saw two
 p1 a man & a woman1 ris+ l a dream )9 a
 dream1 be=e ! eyes ( ! man ^u ! cross4 
,! evok] ( spirits saw !m too1 & said t 
"o ( !m held up 8 arms & !y 7 )\t h&s4  
,i ?\ght ( ! two grave/ones ! man 9 *a9 

mail _h pass$ ov] 9 ! great hall :5 he  
came out ( ! *apel1 & ask$ ! evok] (    
spirits if ! knight 0 und]go+ a p5ance =
 viol5ce1 & :ile ,i 0 ask+ him1 & he 0  
say+ t x might be s b he did n "k1 !    
vision1 hav+ complet$ its circle1       
vani%$4  ,x _h n1 s f> z ,i c\ld see1 ! 
p]sonal significance ( ! o!r vision1 b x
 0 c]ta9ly /range & beautiful1 ?\gh ,i  
alone seem$ to see its beauty4 ,:o 0 x t
 made ! /ory1 if x 7 b a /ory8 ,i did n1
 & ! se]ess did n1 & ! evok] ( spirits  
did n & c\ld n4 ,x arose 9 ?ree m9ds1 = 
,i _c rememb] my acqua9tance tak+ any   
"p1 & x rose )\t confusion1 & )\t lab\r1
 except ! lab\r ( keep+ ! m9d's eye     
awake1 & m swiftly ?an any p5 c\ld h    
writt5 x out4 ,x may be1 z ,blake said (
 "o ( 8 poems1 t ! au?or 0 9 et]nity4 ,9
 com+ ye>s ,i 0 to see & he> ( _m su*   
visions1 & ?\gh ,i 0 n to be conv9c$1   
?\gh half conv9c$ once or twice1 t !y 7 
old lives1 9 an ord9>y s5se ( ! ^w life1
 ,i 0 to le>n t !y h almo/ always "s q  
def9ite relation to dom9ant moods &     

m\ld+ ev5ts 9 ?is life4 ,!y are1 p]haps1
 9 mo/ cases1 ?\gh ! vision ,i h b j    
describ$ 0 n1 x seems1 among ! cases1   
symbolical hi/ories ( ^! moods & ev5ts1 
or r symbolical %ad[s ( ! impulses t h  
made !m1 messages z x 7 out ( ! ance/ral
 be+ ( ! que/ion]4  ,at ! "t ^! two     
visions meant little m to me1 if ,i c   
rememb] my feel+ at ! "t1 ?an a pro( ( !
 supremacy ( imag9ation1 ( ! p[] ( _m   
m9ds to become "o1 ov]p[]+ "o ano!r by  
spok5 words & by unspok5 ?\ght till !y h
 become a s+le int5se1 unhesitat+ en]gy4
 ,"o m9d 0 d\btless ! ma/]1 ,i ?\ght1 b 
all ! m9ds gave a little1 creat+ or     
reveal+ = a mom5t :at ,i mu/ call a     
sup]natural arti/4   ,,iv  ,"s ye>s     
aft]w>ds ,i 0 /ay+ ) "s fri5ds 9 ,p>is4 
,i _h got up be=e breakfa/ & gone out to
 buy a newspap]4 ,i _h notic$ ! s]vant1 
a girl :o _h come f ! c\ntry "s ye>s    
be=e1 lay+ ! table = breakfa/4 ,z ,i _h 
pass$ h] ,i _h be5 tell+ myself "o ( ^? 
long fooli% tales :i* "o tells only to  
oneself4 ,if some?+ _h happ5$ t _h n    

happ5$1 ,i w\ld h hurt my arm1 ,i ?\ght4
 ,i saw myself ) my arm 9 a sl+ 9 !     
middle ( "s *ildi% adv5tures4 ,i return$
 ) ! newspap] & met my ho/ & ho/ess 9 ! 
door4 ,! mom5t !y saw me !y cri$ out1   
',:y1 ! bonne has j told u y _h y\r arm 
9 a sl+4 ,we ?\ght some?+ mu/ h happ5$  
to y la/ night1 t y _h be5 run ov]      
maybe'--or "s su* words4 ,i _h be5 d9+  
out at ! o!r end ( ,p>is1 & _h come 9   
aft] ev]ybody _h gone to b$4 ,i _h ca/  
my imag9ation s /rongly ^u ! s]vant t %e
 _h se5 x1 & ) :at _h appe>$ to be m ?an
 ! m9d's eye4  ,"o aft]noon1 ab\t ! same
 "t1 ,i 0 ?9k+ v int5tly ( a c]ta9      
fell[-/ud5t = :om ,i _h a message1 :i*  
,i hesitat$ ab\t writ+4 ,9 a c\ple (    
days ,i got a lett] f a place "s hundr$s
 ( miles away :]e t /ud5t 04 ,on !      
aft]noon :5 ,i _h be5 ?9k+ s int5tly ,i 
_h sudd5ly appe>$ !re amid a cr[d ( p 9 
a hotel & z seem+ solid z if 9 ! fle%4  
,my fell[-/ud5t _h se5 me1 b no "o else1
 & _h ask$ me to come aga9 :5 ! p _h    
gone4 ,i _h vani%$1 b _h come aga9 9 !  

middle ( ! night & giv5 ! message4 ,i   
myself _h no k ( ca/+ an imag9ation ^u  
"o s f> away4  ,i c\ld tell ( /rang]    
images1 ( /rang] en*antm5ts1 ( /rang]   
imag9ations1 ca/ consci\sly or          
unconsci\sly ov] z great di/ances by    
fri5ds or by myself1 7 x n t ! great]   
en]gies ( ! m9d seldom break =? b :5 !  
deeps are loos5$4 ,!y break =? amid     
ev5ts too private or too sacr$ = public 
spee*1 or seem !mselves1 ,i "k n :y1 to 
belong to hidd5 ?+s4 ,i h writt5 ( ^!   
break+s =?1 ^! loos5+s ( ! deep1 ) "s   
c>e & "s detail1 b ,i %all keep my      
record %ut4 ,aft] all1 "o c b be>       
witness less to conv9ce him :o won't    
believe ?an to protect him :o does1 z   
,blake puts x1 endur+ unbelief &        
misbelief & ridicule z be/ "o may4 ,i   
%all be cont5t to %[ t pa/ times h      
believ$ z ,i d1 by quot+ ,joseph        
,glanvil's description ( ! ,s*ol>       
,gipsy4 ,joseph ,glanvil is dead1 & w n 
m9d unbelief & misbelief & ridicule4  ,!
 ,s*ol> ,gipsy1 too1 is dead1 unless    

inde$ p]fectly wise magicians c live    
till x please !m to die1 & he is w&]+   
some:]e1 ev5 if "o _c see him1 z ,arnold
 imag9$1 'at "s lone ale-h\se 9 !       
,b]k%ire moors1 on ! w>m +le-b5*1' or   
'cross+ ! /ripl+ ,?ames at ,bablock     
,hi!1' 'trail+ 8 f+]s 9 ! cool /ream1'  
or 'giv+ /ore ( fl[]s--! frail-leaf'd   
:ite anemone1 d>k h>e-bells dr5*$ ) dew 
( summ] eves1' to ! girls ':o f ! di/ant
 hamlets come to dance ar\nd ! ,fyfield 
elm 9 ,may1' or 'sitt+ ^u ! riv] bank   
o'ergr[n1' liv+ on ?r\gh "t ') a free   
onw>d impulse4' ,?is is ,joseph         
,glanvil's /ory--       ,!re 0 v lately 
a lad 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d :o1 be+ (  
v pregnant & ready p>ts & yet want+ !   
enc\ragem5t (      pref]m5t1 0 by 8     
pov]ty =c$ to leave 8 /udies !re1 &     
to ca/ himself ^u ! wide _w = a         
livelihood4 ,n[ 8      necessities gr[+ 
daily on him1 & want+ ! help ( fri5ds to
      relieve him1 he 0 at la/ =c$ to   
jo9 himself to a company (      vagabond
 gipsies1 :om occasionally he met )1 &  

to foll[ _!      trade = a ma9t5ance4444
 ,aft] he _h be5 a pretty :ile well     
ex]cis$ 9 ! trade1 !re *anc$ to ride by 
a c\ple (      s*ol>s1 :o _h =m]ly be5 (
 8 acqua9tance4 ,! s*ol> _h      quickly
 spi$ out ^! old fri5ds among ! gipsies1
 & _!      amazem5t to see him among su*
 society _h well-nigh discov]$ him2     
b by a sign he prev5t$ !m own+ him be=e 
t crew1 &      tak+ "o ( !m aside       
privately1 desir$ him ) 8 fri5d to g    
to an inn1 n f> di/ant1 promis+ !re to  
come to !m4 ,!y      accord+ly w5t ?i!r 
& he foll[s3 aft] _! fir/ salutation    
8 fri5ds inquire h[ he came to lead s   
odd a life z t 01      & s jo9$ himself 
into su* a begg>ly company4 ,! s*ol>    
gipsy      hav+ giv5 !m an acc\nt ( !   
necessity :i* drove him to t      k9d ( 
life1 told !m t ! p he w5t ) 7 n su*    
impo/ors z !y 7 tak5 =1 b t !y _h a     
traditional      k9d ( le>n+ among !m & 
c\ld d wond]s by ! p[] (                
imag9ation1 & t himself _h le>n$ mu* (  
_! art &      improv$ x fur!r ?an       

!mselves c\ld4 ,& to ev9ce ! tru? (     
:at he told !m1 he said he'd remove into
 ano!r room1 leav+      !m to disc\rse  
toge!r2 & ^u 8 return tell !m ! s5se    
( :at !y _h talk$ (2 :i* accord+ly he   
p]=m$1 giv+      !m a full acc\nt ( :at 
_h pass$ betwe5 !m 9 8 abs5ce4      ,!  
s*ol>s be+ amaz$ at s unexpect$ a       
discov]y1 e>ne/ly      desir$ him to    
unriddle ! my/]y4 ,9 :i* he gave !m     
satisfaction1 by tell+ !m t :at he did 0
 by ! p[] (      imag9ation1 8 phantasy 
lead+ !irs2 & t himself _h      dictat$ 
to !m ! disc\rse !y _h held toge!r :ile 
he 0      f !m2 t !re 7 w>rantable ways 
( height5+ !      imag9ation to t pit* z
 to b5d ano!r's1 & t :5 he _h           
compass$ ! :ole secret1 "s p>ts ( :i* he
 0 yet ignorant      (1 he int5d$ to    
leave _! company & give ! _w an acc\nt  
( :at he _h le>n$4  ,if all :o h        
describ$ ev5ts l ?is h n dream$1 we %\ld
 rewrite our hi/ories1 = all m51 c]ta9ly
 all imag9ative m51 mu/ be = ev] ca/+ =?
 en*antm5ts1 glam\rs1 illusions2 & all  

m51 especially tranquil m5 :o h no      
p[]ful egoti/ic life1 mu/ be cont9ually 
pass+ "u _! p[]4 ,our mo/ elaborate     
?\ghts1 elaborate purposes1 precise     
emotions1 are (t51 z ,i ?9k1 n really   
ours1 b h on a sudd5 come up1 z x 71 out
 ( hell or d[n out ( heav54 ,! hi/orian 
%\ld rememb]1 %\ld he n8 angels & devils
 n less ?an k+s & soldi]s1 & plott]s &  
?9k]s4 ,:at matt] if ! angel or devil1 z
 inde$ c]ta9 old writ]s believ$1 fir/   
wrapp$ itself ) an organiz$ %ape 9 "s   
man's imag9ation8 :at matt] 'if ,god    
himself only acts or is 9 exi/+ be+s or 
m51' z ,blake believ$8 we mu/ none !    
less admit t invisible be+s1 f> w&]+    
influ5ces1 %apes t may h float$ f a     
h]mit ( ! wild]ness1 brood ov]          
c\ncil-*amb]s & /udies & battle-fields4 
,we %\ld nev] be c]ta9 t x 0 n "s woman 
tread+ 9 ! w9e-press :o began t subtle  
*ange 9 m5's m9ds1 t p[]ful movem5t (   
?\ght & imag9ation ab\t :i* s _m ,g]mans
 h writt52 or t ! passion1 because ( :i*
 s _m c\ntries 7 giv5 to ! sword1 did n 

beg9 9 ! m9d ( "s %eph]d boy1 light+ up 
8 eyes = a mom5t be=e x ran ^u its way4 
,v  ,we _c d\bt t b>b>ic p receive su*  
influ5ces m visibly & obvi\sly1 & 9 all 
likelihood m easily & fully ?an we d1 = 
our life 9 cities1 :i* deaf5s or kills !
 passive m$itative life1 & our education
 t enl>ges ! sep>at$1 self-mov+ m9d1 h  
made our s\ls less s5sitive4 ,our s\ls t
 7 once nak$ to ! w9ds ( heav5 are n[   
?ickly clad1 & h le>n$ to build a h\se &
 light a fire ^u its he>?1 & %ut to !   
doors & w9d[s4 ,! w9ds c1 inde$1 make u 
draw ne> to ! fire1 or c ev5 lift !     
c>pet & :i/le "u ! door1 b !y c\ld d    
worse out on ! pla9s long ago4 ,a c]ta9 
le>n$ man1 quot$ by ,mr4 ,lang 9 8 ,mak+
 ( ,religion1 cont5ds t ! memories (    
primitive man & 8 ?\ghts ( di/ant places
 mu/ h _h ! int5sity ( halluc9ation1    
because !re 0 no?+ 9 8 m9d to draw 8    
att5tion away f !m--an explanation t    
does n seem to me complete--& ,mr4 ,lang
 goes on to quote c]ta9 travell]s to    
prove t savages live always on ! edges (

 vision4 ,"o ,lapl&] :o wi%$ to become a
 ,*ri/ian1 & ?\ght visions b hea!ni%1   
confess$ to a travell]1 to :om he _h    
giv5 a m9ute acc\nt ( _m di/ant ev5ts1  
read d\btless 9 t travell]'s m9d1 't he 
knew n h[ to make use ( 8 eyes1 s9ce ?+s
 altoge!r di/ant 7 pres5t to !m4' ,i    
myself c\ld f9d 9 "o di/rict 9 ,galway b
 "o man :o _h n se5 :at ,i c b call     
spirits1 & he 0 9 8 dotage4 ',!re is no 
man m[+ a mead[ b sees !m at "o "t or   
ano!r1' said a man 9 a diff]5t di/rict4 
,if ,i c un9t5tionally ca/ a glam\r1 an 
en*antm5t1 ov] p]sons ( our own "t :o h 
liv$ = ye>s 9 great cities1 !re is no   
reason to d\bt t m5 c\ld ca/            
int5tionally a f> /rong] en*antm5t1 a f>
 /rong] glam\r1 ov] ! m s5sitive p (    
anci5t times1 or t m5 c /ill d s :]e !  
old ord] ( life rema9s unbrok54 ,:y %\ld
 n ! ,s*ol> ,gipsy ca/ 8 spell ov] 8    
fri5ds8 ,:y %\ld n ,/4 ,patrick1 or he (
 :om ! /ory 0 fir/ told1 pass 8 enemies1
 he & all 8 cl]ics1 z a h]d ( de]8 ,:y  
%\ld n en*ant]s l him 9 ! ,morte        

d',ar?ur make troops ( horse seem b grey
 /ones8 ,:y %\ld n ! ,roman soldi]s1    
?\gh !y came ( a civilization :i* 0     
ceas+ to be s5sitive to ^! ?+s1 h       
trembl$ = a mom5t be=e ! en*antm5ts ( ! 
,druids ( ,mona8 ,:y %\ld n ! ,jesuit   
fa!r1 or ! ,c\nt ,sa9t ,g]ma91 or :oev] 
! tale 0 fir/ told (1 h really seem$ to 
leave ! city 9 a coa* & f\r by all !    
,twelve ,gates at once8 ,:y %\ld n      
,moses & ! en*ant]s ( ,ph>aoh h made _! 
/affs z ! m$ic9e m5 ( _m primitive      
peoples make _! pieces ( old rope seem l
 dev\r+ s]p5ts8 ,:y %\ld n t m$ival     
en*ant] h made summ] & all its blossoms 
seem to break =? 9 middle w9t]8  ,may we
 n le>n "s day to rewrite our hi/ories1 
:5 !y t\* ^u ^! ?+s too8  ,m5 :o are    
imag9ative writ]s to-day may well h     
pref]r$ to influ5ce ! imag9ation ( o!rs 
m directly 9 pa/ times4 ,in/ead ( le>n+ 
_! craft ) pap] & a p5 !y may h sat =   
h\rs imag9+ !mselves to be /ocks & /ones
 & bea/s ( ! wood1 till ! images 7 s    
vivid t ! pass]s-by became b a "p ( !   

imag9ation ( ! dream]1 & wept or laugh$ 
or ran away z he w\ld h !m4 ,h n poetry 
& music aris51 z x seems1 out ( ! s\nds 
! en*ant]s made to help _! imag9ation to
 en*ant1 to *>m1 to b9d ) a spell       
!mselves & ! pass]s-by8 ,^! v words1 a  
*ief "p ( all praises ( music or poetry1
 /ill cry to u _! orig94 ,& j z !       
musician or ! poet en*ants & *>ms & b9ds
 ) a spell 8 own m9d :5 he w\ld en*ant !
 m9d ( o!rs1 s did ! en*ant] create or  
reveal = himself z well z = o!rs !      
sup]natural arti/ or g5ius1 ! seem+     
transitory m9d made out ( _m m9ds1 ^: "w
 ,i saw1 or ?\ght ,i saw1 9 t suburban  
h\se4 ,he kept ! doors too1 z x seems1 (
 ^? less transitory m9ds1 ! g5ius ( !   
family1 ! g5ius ( ! tribe1 or x may be1 
:5 he 0 mighty-s\l$ en\gh1 ! g5ius ( !  
_w4 ,our hi/ory speaks ( op9ions &      
discov]ies1 b 9 anci5t times :51 z ,i   
?9k1 m5 _h _! eyes ev] ^u ^? doors1     
hi/ory spoke ( comm&m5ts & revelations4 
,!y look$ z c>efully & z pati5tly t[>ds 
,s9ai & its ?und]s z we look t[>ds      

p>liam5ts & laboratories4 ,we are always
 prais+ m5 9 :om ! individual life has  
come to p]fection1 b !y 7 always prais+ 
! "o m9d1 _! f\ndation ( all p]fection4 
,,vi  ,i once saw a "y ,iri% woman1 fre%
 f a conv5t s*ool1 ca/ into a pr(\nd    
trance1 ?\gh n by a me?od kn[n to any   
hypnoti/4 ,9 h] wak+ /ate %e ?\ght !    
apple ( ,eve 0 ! k9d ( apple y c buy at 
! gre5groc]'s1 b 9 h] trance %e saw !   
,tree ( ,life ) ev]-sigh+ s\ls mov+ 9   
its bran*es in/ead ( sap1 & among its   
leaves all ! f[l ( ! air1 & on its      
highe/ b\gh "o :ite f[l be>+ a cr[n4 ,:5
 ,i w5t home ,i took f ! %elf a         
translation ( ,! ,book ( ,conceal$      
,my/]y1 an old ,jewi% book1 & cutt+ !   
pages came ^u ?is passage1 :i* ,i _c ?9k
 ,i _h ev] read3 ',! ,tree1 444 is !    
,tree ( ! ,k ( ,good & ( ,evil 444 9 its
 bran*es ! birds lodge & build _! ne/s1 
! s\ls & ! angels h _! place4'  ,i once 
saw a "y ,*ur* ( ,irel& man1 a bank cl]k
 9 ! we/ ( ,irel&1 ?r[n 9 a l trance4 ,i
 h no d\bt t he1 too1 0 q c]ta9 t !     

apple ( ,eve 0 a gre5groc]'s apple1 &   
yet he saw ! tree & he>d ! s\ls sigh+   
?r\gh its bran*es1 & saw apples ) human 
faces1 & lay+ 8 e> to an apple he>d a   
s\nd z ( fight+ ho/s )94 ,pres5tly he   
/ray$ f ! tree & came to ! edge ( ,ed51 
& !re he f\nd himself n by ! wild]ness  
he _h le>n$ ( at ! ,sunday-s*ool1 b ^u !
 summit ( a great m\nta91 ( a m\nta9    
'two miles high4' ,! :ole summit1 9     
contradiction to all t w\ld h seem$     
probable to 8 wak+ m9d1 0 a great wall$ 
g>d54 ,"s ye>s aft]w>ds ,i f\nd a m$ival
 diagram1 :i* pictur$ ,ed5 z a wall$    
g>d5 ^u a high m\nta94  ,:]e did ^!     
intricate symbols come f8 ,nei!r ,i nor 
! "o or two p pres5t or ! se]s _h ev]   
se51 ,i am conv9c$1 ! description 9 ,!  
,book ( ,conceal$ ,my/]y1 or ! m$ival   
diagram4 ,rememb] t ! images appe>$ 9 a 
mom5t p]fect 9 all _! complexity4 ,if "o
 c imag9e t ! se]s or t ,i myself or    
ano!r _h inde$ read ( ^! images & =gott5
 x1 t ! sup]natural arti/'s k ( :at 0 9 
our buri$ memories acc\nt$ = ^! visions1

 !re are numb]less o!r visions to acc\nt
 =4 ,"o _c g on believ+ 9 improbable k =
 ev]4 ,= in/ance1 ,i f9d 9 my di>y t on 
,decemb] #bg1 #ahig1 a se]1 to :om ,i _h
 giv5 a c]ta9 old ,iri% symbol1 saw     
,brigit1 ! goddess1 hold+ out 'a glitt]+
 & wriggl+ s]p5t1' & yet ,i feel c]ta9 t
 nei!r ,i nor he knew any?+ ( h]        
association ) ! s]p5t until ,c>m9a      
,gadelica 0 publi%$ a few mon?s ago4 ,& 
an old ,iri% woman :o c nei!r read nor  
write has describ$ to me a woman dress$ 
l ,dian1 ) helmet1 & %ort skirt & s&als1
 & :at seem$ to be busk9s4 ,:y1 too1    
among all ! c\ntless /ories ( visions t 
,i h ga!r$ 9 ,irel&1 or t a fri5d has   
ga!r$ = me1 are !re none t mix ! dress (
 diff]5t p]iods8 ,! se]s :5 !y are b    
speak+ f tradition w mix ev]y?+ toge!r1 
& speak ( ,f9n mac ,cool go+ to !       
,assizes at ,cork4 ,almo/ e "o :o has   
ev] busi$ himself ) su* matt]s has come1
 9 trance or dream1 ^u "s new & /range  
symbol or ev5t1 :i* he has aft]w>ds f\nd
 9 "s "w he _h nev] read or he>d (4     

,examples l ?is are z yet too little    
classifi$1 too little analyz$1 to       
conv9ce ! /rang]1 b "s ( !m are pro(    
en\gh = ^? !y h happ5$ to1 pro( t !re is
 a memory ( nature t reveals ev5ts &    
symbols ( di/ant c5turies4 ,my/ics ( _m 
c\ntries & _m c5turies h spok5 ( ?is    
memory2 & ! hone/ m5 & *>latans1 :o keep
 ! magical traditions :i* w "s day be   
/udi$ z a "p ( folk-lore1 base mo/ t is 
( importance 9 _! claims ^u ?is memory4 
,i h read ( x 9 ',p>acelsus' & 9 "s     
,indian book t describes ! p ( pa/ days 
z /ill liv+ )9 x1 ',?9k+ ! ?\ght & do+ !
 de$4' ,& ,i h f\nd x 9 ! prophetic     
books ( ,william ,blake1 :o calls its   
images '! bright sculptures ( ,los's    
,halls'2 & says t all ev5ts1 'all love  
/ories1' r5ew !mselves f ^? images4 ,x  
is p]haps well t s few believe 9 x1 = if
 _m did _m w\ld g out ( p>liam5ts &     
univ]sities & libr>ies & run into !     
wild]ness to s wa/e ! body1 & to s hu% !
 unquiet m9d t1 /ill liv+1 !y might pass
 ! doors ! dead pass daily2 = :o among !

 wise w\ld tr\ble himself ) mak+ laws or
 9 writ+ hi/ory or 9 weigh+ ! e>? if !  
?+s ( et]nity seem$ ready to h&8   ,,vii
  ,i f9d 9 my di>y ( magical ev5ts =    
#ahii t ,i awoke at #c ,a4,m4 out ( a   
nightm>e1 & imag9$ "o symbol to prev5t  
its recurr5ce1 & imag9$ ano!r1 a simple 
geometrical =m1 :i* calls up dreams (   
luxuriant vegetable life1 t ,i might h  
pleasant dreams4 ,i imag9$ x fa9tly1 be+
 v sleepy1 & w5t to sleep4 ,i _h confus$
 dreams :i* seem$ to h no relation ) !  
symbol4 ,i awoke ab\t eight1 hav+ = ! "t
 =gott5 bo? nightm>e & symbol4 ,pres5tly
 ,i doz$ (f aga9 & began half to dream &
 half to see1 z "o does betwe5 sleep &  
wak+1 enorm\s fl[]s & grapes4 ,i awoke &
 recogniz$ t :at ,i _h dream$ or se5 0 !
 k9d ( ?+ appropriate to ! symbol be=e  
,i rememb]$ hav+ us$ x4 ,i f9d ano!r    
record1 ?\gh made "s "t aft] ! ev5t1 (  
hav+ imag9$ ov] ! head ( a p]son1 :o 0 a
 little ( a se]1 a comb9$ symbol (      
elem5tal air & elem5tal wat]4 ,?is      
p]son1 :o did n "k :at symbol ,i 0 us+1 

saw a pigeon fly+ ) a lob/] 9 8 bill4 ,i
 f9d t on ,decemb] #ac1 #ahih1 ,i us$ a 
c]ta9 />-%ap$ symbol ) a se]ess1 gett+  
h] to look at x int5tly be=e %e began   
see+4 ,%e saw a r\gh /one h\se1 & 9 !   
middle ( ! h\se ! skull ( a horse4 ,i   
f9d t ,i _h us$ ! same symbol a few days
 be=e ) a se]1 & t he _h se5 a r\gh /one
 h\se1 & 9 ! middle ( ! h\se some?+ "u a
 clo? m>k$ ) ! ,hamm] ( ,?or4 ,he _h    
lift$ ! clo? & discov]$ a skeleton (    
gold ) tee? ( diamonds1 & eyes ( "s     
unkn[n dim preci\s /ones4 ,i _h made a  
note to ?is la/ vision1 po9t+ out t we  
_h be5 us+ a ,sol> symbol a little      
e>li]4 ,sol> symbols (t5 call up visions
 ( gold & preci\s /ones4 ,i d n give ^! 
examples to prove my argum5ts1 b to     
illu/rate !m4 ,i "k t my examples w     
awak5 9 all :o h n met ! l1 or :o are n 
on o!r gr\nds incl9$ t[>ds my argum5ts1 
a mo/ natural incr$ulity4 ,x 0 long be=e
 ,i myself w\ld admit an inh]5t p[] 9   
symbols1 = x long seem$ to me t "o c\ld 
acc\nt = ev]y?+ by ! p[] ( "o imag9ation

 ov] ano!r1 telepa?y z x is call$ ) t   
sep>ation ( k & life1 ( ^w & emotion1   
:i* is ! /]ility ( sci5tific spee*4 ,!  
symbol seem$ p[]ful1 ,i ?\ght1 m]ely    
because we ?\ght x p[]ful1 & we w\ld d j
 z well )\t x4 ,9 ^? days ,i us$ symbols
 made ) "s +5uity in/ead ( m]ely imag9+ 
!m4 ,i us$ to give !m to ! p]son ,i 0   
exp]im5t+ )1 & tell him to hold !m to 8 
=ehead )\t look+ at !m2 & sometimes ,i  
made a mi/ake4 ,i le>n$ f ^! mi/akes t  
if ,i did n myself imag9e ! symbol1 9   
:i* case he w\ld h a mix$ vision1 x 0 ! 
symbol ,i gave by mi/ake t produc$ !    
vision4 ,!n ,i met ) a se] :o c\ld say  
to me1 ',i h a vision ( a squ>e pond1 b 
,i c see y\r ?\ght1 & y expect me to see
 an oblong pond1' or1 ',! symbol y are  
imag9+ has made me see a woman hold+ a  
cry/al1 b x 0 a moonlight sea ,i %\ld h 
se54' ,i discov]$ t ! symbol h>dly ev]  
fail$ to call up its typical sc5e1 its  
typical ev5t1 its typical p]son1 b t ,i 
c\ld practically nev] call up1 no matt] 
h[ vividly ,i imag9$ x1 ! p>ticul> sc5e1

 ! p>ticul> ev5t1 ! p>ticul> p]son ,i _h
 9 my own m9d1 & t :5 ,i c\ld1 ! two    
visions rose side by side4  ,i _c n[ ?9k
 symbols less ?an ! greate/ ( all p[]s  
:e!r !y are us$ consci\sly by ! ma/]s ( 
magic1 or half unconsci\sly by _!       
successors1 ! poet1 ! musician & !      
arti/4 ,at fir/ ,i tri$ to di/+ui%      
betwe5 symbols & symbols1 betwe5 :at ,i 
call$ inh]5t symbols & arbitr>y symbols1
 b ! di/9ction has come to mean little  
or no?+4 ,:e!r _! p[] has aris5 out (   
!mselves1 or :e!r x has an arbitr>y     
orig91 matt]s little1 = !y act1 z ,i    
believe1 because ! great memory         
associates !m ) c]ta9 ev5ts & moods &   
p]sons4 ,:atev] ! passions ( man h ga!r$
 ab\t1 becomes a symbol 9 ! great       
memory1 & 9 ! h&s ( him :o has ! secret1
 x is a work] ( wond]s1 a call]-up (    
angels or ( devils4 ,! symbols are ( all
 k9ds1 = ev]y?+ 9 heav5 or e>? has its  
association1 mom5t\s or trivial1 9 !    
great memory1 & "o nev] kn[s :at =gott5 
ev5ts may h plung$ x1 l ! toad/ool & !  

ragwe$1 into ! great passions4          
,kn[l$geable m5 & wom5 9 ,irel&         
sometimes di/+ui% betwe5 ! simples t "w 
cures by "s m$ical prop]ty 9 ! h]b1 & ^?
 t d _! "w by magic4 ,su* magical       
simples z ! husk ( ! flax1 wat] out ( ! 
=k ( an elm-tree1 d _! "w1 z ,i ?9k1 by 
awak+ 9 ! dep?s ( ! m9d :]e x m+les ) ! 
great m9d1 & is enl>g$ by ! great       
memory1 "s curative en]gy1 "s hypnotic  
comm&4 ,!y are n :at we call fai? cures1
 = !y h be5 mu* us$ & successfully1 !   
traditions ( all l&s affirm1 ov] *ildr5 
& ov] animals1 & to me !y seem ! only   
m$ic9e t c\ld h be5 committ$ safely to  
anci5t h&s4 ,to pluck ! wrong leaf w\ld 
h be5 to g uncur$1 b1 if "o _h eat5 x1  
"o might h be5 poison$4   ,,viii  ,i h  
n[ describ$ t belief 9 magic :i* has set
 me all b unwill+ among ^? lean & fi]ce 
m9ds :o are at w> ) _! "t1 :o _c accept 
! days z !y pass1 simply & gladly2 & ,i 
look at :at ,i h writt5 ) "s al>m1 = ,i 
h told m ( ! anci5t secret ?an _m among 
my fell[-/ud5ts ?9k x "r to tell4 ,i h  

come to believe s _m /range ?+s because 
( exp]i5ce1 t ,i see little reason to   
d\bt ! tru? ( _m ?+s t are beyond my    
exp]i5ce2 & x may be t !re are be+s :o  
wat* ov] t anci5t secret1 z all         
tradition affirms1 & res5t1 & p]haps    
av5ge1 too flu5t spee*4 ,!y say 9 !     
,aran ,isl&s t if y speak ov]mu* ( ! ?+s
 ( ,fa]y y\r tongue becomes l a /one1 & 
x seems to me1 ?\gh d\btless naturali/ic
 reason w\ld call x ,auto-sugge/ion or !
 l1 t ,i h (t5 felt my tongue become j s
 heavy & clumsy4 ,m ?an once1 too1 z ,i 
wrote ?is v essay ,i h become uneasy1 & 
h torn up "s p>agraph1 n = any lit]>y   
reason1 b because "s incid5t or "s      
symbol t w\ld p]haps h meant no?+ to !  
read]1 seem$1 ,i "k n :y1 to belong to  
hidd5 ?+s4 ,yet ,i mu/ write or be ( no 
acc\nt to any cause1 good or evil2 ,i   
mu/ commit :at m]*&ise ( wisdom ,i h to 
?is %ip ( writt5 spee*1 & aft] all1 ,i h
 _m a "t wat*$ x put out to sea ) n less
 al>m :5 all ! spee* 0 rhyme4 ,we :o    
write1 we :o be> witness1 mu/ (t5 he>   

our he>ts cry out aga9/ u1 compla9+     
because ( _! hidd5 ?+s1 & ,i "k n b he  
:o speaks ( wisdom may n sometimes 9 !  
*ange t is com+ ^u ! _w1 h to fe> ! ang]
 ( ! p ( ,fa]y1 ^: c\ntry is ! he>t ( ! 
_w--',! ,l& ( ! ,liv+ ,he>t4' ,:o c keep
 always to ! little pa?way betwe5 spee* 
& sil5ce1 :]e "o meets none b discreet  
revelations8 ,& surely1 at :atev] risk1 
we mu/ cry out t imag9ation is always   
seek+ to remake ! _w accord+ to !       
impulses & ! patt]ns 9 t great ,m9d1 & t
 great ,memory8 ,c !re be any?+ s       
important z to cry out t :at we call    
romance1 poetry1 intellectual beauty1 is
 ! only signal t ! supreme ,en*ant]1 or 
"s "o 9 ,8 c\ncils1 is speak+ ( :at has 
be51 & %all be aga91 9 ! consummation ( 
"t8  #aija4     ,,! ,,happie/ ,,( ,,!   
,,poets   ,i  ,rossetti 9 "o ( 8 lett]s 
numb]s 8 fav\rite col\rs 9 ! ord] ( 8   
fav\r1 & ?r\gh\t 8 "w "o feels t he lov$
 =m & col\r = !mselves & ap>t f :at !y  
repres5t4 ,"o feels sometimes t he      
desir$ a _w ( ess5ces1 ( unmix$ p[]s1 ( 

impossible purities4 ,x is z ?\gh ! la/ 
judgm5t _h already begun 9 8 m9d & t !  
ess5ces & p[]s1 :i* ! div9e h& _h mix$  
into "o ano!r to make ! loam ( life1    
fell asund] at 8 t\*4 ,if he pa9t$ a    
flame or a blue di/ance1 he pa9t$ z ?\gh
 he _h se5 ! flame out ( ^: he>t all    
flames _h be5 tak51 or ! blue ( ! abyss 
t 0 be=e all life2 & if he pa9t$ a      
woman's face he pa9t$ x 9 "s mom5t (    
int5sity :5 ! ec/asy ( ! lov] & ( ! sa9t
 are alike1 & desire becomes wisdom )\t 
ceas+ to be desire4 ,he li/5s to ! cry (
 ! fle% till x becomes pr\d & passes    
beyond ! _w :]e "s imm5se desire t !    
intellect _c und]/& mixes ) ! desire ( a
 body's w>m? & s(tness4 ,8 g5ius l      
,%elley's c h>dly /ir b to ! rejection (
 nature1 ^: delight is pr(usion1 b nev] 
int5sity1 & l ,%elley's x foll[s ! ,/> (
 ! ,magi1 ! ,morn+ & ,ev5+ ,/>1 ! "m (  
impossible hope1 al?\gh x foll[s ?r\gh  
deep woods1 :]e ! ,/> glimm]s among     
dew-dr5*$ b\ghs & n ?r\gh 'a w9d-swept  
valley ( ! ,ap5n9e4' ,m5 l him _c be    

happy z we und]/& happ9ess1 = to be     
happy "o mu/ delight l nature 9 m]e     
pr(usion1 9 m]e abundance1 9 mak+ & do+ 
?+s1 & if "o sets an image ( ! p]fect   
be=e "o x mu/ be ! image t draws h]     
p]petually1 ! image ( a p]fect fulness (
 natural life1 ( an ,e>?ly ,p>adise4    
,"o's emotion mu/ nev] break ! bonds (  
life1 "o's h&s mu/ nev] lab\r to loos5 !
 silv] cord1 "o's e>s mu/ nev] /ra9 to  
cat* ! s\nd ( ,mi*ael's trumpet4 ,t is  
to say1 "o mu/ n be among ^? t w\ld h   
pray$ 9 old times 9 "s *apel ( ! ,/>1 b 
among ^? :o w\ld h pray$ "u ! %ad[ ( !  
,gre5 ,tree1 & on ! wet /ones ( ! ,well1
 among ! wor%ipp]s ( natural abundance4 
,,ii  ,i d n ?9k x 0 accid5t1 s subtle  
are ! ?reads t lead ! s\l1 t made       
,william ,morris1 :o seems to me ! "o   
p]fectly happy & =tunate poet ( mod]n   
times1 celebrate ! ,gre5 ,tree & !      
goddess ,habundia1 & wells & en*ant$    
wat]s 9 s _m books4 ,9 ,! ,well at !    
,_w's ,end gre5 trees & en*ant$ wat]s   
are %[n to u1 z !y 7 und]/ood by old    

writ]s1 :o ?\ght t ! g5]ation ( all ?+s 
0 ?r\gh wat]2 = :5 ! wat] t gives a long
 & a =tunate life & t c be f\nd by none 
b su* a "o z all wom5 love is f\nd at   
la/1 ! ,dry ,tree1 ! image ( ! ru9$ l&1 
becomes gre54 ,to him inde$ z to old]   
writ]s ,well & ,tree are all b images ( 
! "o ?+1 ( an 'en]gy' t is n ! less     
'et]nal delight' because x is half ( !  
body4 ,he nev] wrote1 & c\ld n h writt51
 ( a man or woman :o 0 n ( ! k9 ( ,well 
or ,tree4 ,long be=e he _h nam$ ei!r he 
_h made 8 ',w&]]s' foll[ a dream inde$1 
b a dream ( natural happ9ess1 & all ! p 
( all 8 poems & /ories f ! confus$      
beg9n+ ( 8 art 9 ,! ,holl[ ,l& to its   
end 9 ,! ,sund]+ ,flood1 are full ( !   
heavy sweetness ( ?is dream4 ,he wrote  
inde$ ( no?+ b ( ! que/ ( ! ,grail1 b x 
0 ! ,hea!n ,grail t gave e man 8 *os5   
food1 & n ! ,grail ( ,malory or ,wagn]2 
& he came at la/ to praise1 z o!r m5 h  
prais$ ! m>tyrs ( religion or ( passion1
 m5 ) lucky eyes & m5 :om all wom5 love4
  ,we "k s little ( man & ( ! _w t we _c

 be c]ta9 t ! same invisible h&s1 t gave
 him an imag9ation preoccupi$ ) good    
=tune1 gave him also heal? & weal?1 & ! 
p[] to create beautiful ?+s )\t lab\r1 t
 he might hon\r ! ,gre5 ,tree4 ,x       
pleases me to imag9e ! copp] m9e :i*    
br\ght1 z ,mr4 ,mackail has told1 s mu* 
un=ese5 weal? & 9 s a/oni%+ a way1 z no 
less miracul\s ?an ! ?ree arr[s 9 ,!    
,sund]+ ,flood4 ,no mighty poet 9 8     
mis]y dead c\ld h delight$ en\gh to make
 u delight 9 m5 ':o knew no va9 desire (
 fooli% fame1' b :o ?\ght ! dance ^u '! 
/ubble field' & '! battle ) ! e>?' bett]
 ?an '! bitt] w>' ':]e "r & wrong are   
mix$ toge!r4' ',oh ! trees1 ! trees6' he
 wrote 9 "o ( 8 e>ly lett]s1 & x 0 8 "w 
to make u1 :o _h be5 taught to sympa?ize
 ) ! unhappy till we _h gr[n morbid1 to 
sympa?ize ) m5 & wom5 :o turn$ ev]y?+   
into happ9ess because !y _h 9 !m some?+ 
( ! abundance ( ! bee*5 b\ghs or ( !    
bur/+ :eat-e>4 ,he alone1 ,i ?9k1 has   
told ! /ory ( ,alce/is ) p]fect sympa?y 
= ,admetus1 ) s p]fect a sympa?y t he _c

 p]suade himself t "o s happy di$ at    
all2 & he1 unlike all o!r poets1 has    
delight$ to tell u t ! m5 aft] 8 own    
he>t1 ! m5 ( 8 ,news f ,n[h]e1 sorr[$ b 
a little :ile ov] unhappy love4 ,he _c  
ev5 ?9k ( nobility & happ9ess ap>t1 =   
all 8 p are l 8 m5 ( ,burg ,dale :o liv$
 '9 mu* pl5ty & ease ( life1 ?\gh n     
delicately or desir+ ?+s out ( measure4 
,!y wr\ght ) _! h&s & we>i$ !mselves2 & 
!y re/$ f _! toil & fea/$ & 7 m]ry2     
to-morr[ 0 n a burd5 to !m1 nor ye/]day 
a ?+ :i* !y w\ld fa9 =get2 life %am$ !m 
n nor did dea? make !m afraid4 ,z = !   
,dale :]e9 !y dwelt1 x 0 inde$ mo/ fair 
& lovely & !y deem$ x ! ,bless+ ( ! e>?1
 & !y trod ! fl[]y grass beside its     
rippl$ /ream amid/ ! gre5 tree-b\ghs    
pr\dly & joyfully ) goodly bodies & m]ry
 he>ts4'   ,,iii  ,i ?9k ( 8 m5 z )     
broad br[s & gold5 be>ds & mild eyes &  
tranquil spee*1 & ( 8 good wom5 z l ',! 
,bride' 9 ^: face ,rossetti saw & pa9t$ 
= once ! abundance ( e>? & n !          
half-hidd5 light ( 8 />4 ,!y are n 9    

love ) love = its own sake1 ) a love t  
is ap>t f ! _w or at enmity ) x1 z      
,sw9burne imag9es ,m>y ,/u>t & z all m5 
h imag9$ ,hel54 ,!y d n seek 9 love t   
ec/asy1 :i* ,%elley's night+ale call$   
dea?1 t extremity ( life 9 :i* life     
seems to pass away l ! ,pho5ix 9 flame (
 its own light+1 b r a g5tle            
self-surr5d] t w\ld lose m ?an half its 
sweetness if x lo/ ! sav\r ( com+ days4 
,!y are good h\se-wives2 !y sit (t5 at !
 embroid]y frame1 & !y h wisdom 9 flocks
 & h]ds & !y are be=e all fruitful      
mo!rs4 ,x seems at times z if _! love 0 
less a passion = "o man out ( ! _w ?an  
submission to ! haz>d ( de/9y1 & ! hope 
( mo!rhood & ! innoc5t desire ( ! body4 
,!y accept *anges & *ances ( life z     
gladly z !y accept spr+ & summ] & autumn
 & w9t]1 & because !y h sat "u ! %ad[ ( 
! ,gre5 ,tree & drunk ! ,wat]s (        
,abundance out ( _! holl[ h&s1 ! b>r5   
blossoms d n seem to !m ! mo/ beautiful4
 ,:5 ,habundia takes ! %ape ( ,birdalone
 %e comes fir/ z a "y nak$ girl /&+     

among great trees1 & !n z an old c>l9e1 
,birdalone 9 /ately old age4 ,& :5 %e   
praises ,birdalone's nak$ body1 & speaks
 ( ! desire x %all awak51 praise &      
desire are innoc5t because !y w\ld n    
break ! l9ks t *a9 ! days to "o ano!r4  
,! desire seems n o!r ?an ! desire ( !  
bird = its mate 9 ! he>t ( ! wood1 & we 
li/5 to t joy\s praise z ?\gh a bird    
wat*+ its plumage 9 /ill wat] _h begun  
to s+ 9 its joy1 or z if we he>d hawk   
prais+ hawk 9 ! middle air1 & because x 
is ! praise ( "o made = all noble life &
 n = pleasure only1 x seems1 ?\gh x is !
 praise ( ! body1 t x is ! noble/       
praise4  ,birdalone has nev] se5 h]     
image b 9 'a broad latt5-di%1' s ! wood 
woman mu/ tell h] ( h] body & praise x4 
',?us x is ) !e2 ?\ /&e/ be=e me a tall 
& slim maid51 some:at ?9 z befitte? ?y  
sev5te5 summ]s2 :]e ?y fle% is b>e (    
wont1 z ?y ?roat & ?9e arms & ?y legs f 
! middle d[n1 x is tann$ a beaute\s     
col\r1 b o!r:]e x is ev5 z fair a :ite1 
:olesome & clean z if ! gold5 sunlight  

:i* fulfille? ! promise ( ! e>? 7 play+ 
!re94444 ,delicate & clean-made is !    
little tr5* t goe? f ?y m\? to ?y lips1 
& sweet x is1 & !re is m might 9 x ?an 9
 sweet words spok54 ,?y lips !y are ( ! 
f9e/ fa%ion1 yet r ?9 ?an full2 & "s    
w\ld n h x s2 b ,i w\ld1 :]eas ,i see   
!re9 a sign ( ?y valiancy & fri5dl9ess4 
,surely he :o did ?y c>v5 *9 _h a m9d to
 a ma/] "w & did no less4 ,great 0 !    
deftness ( ?9e imag9]1 & he w\ld h all  
folk :o see !e wond] at ?y deep ?9k+ &  
?y c>efulness & ?y k9dness4 ,ah1 maid56 
is x s t ?y ?\ghts are ev] deep &       
solemn8 ,yet at lea/ ,i "k x ( !e t !y  
be hale & true & sweet4  ',my fri5d1 :5 
?\ ha/ a mirror1 "s ( all ?is %alt ?\   
see1 b n all2 & :5 ?\ ha/ a lov] "s deal
 wilt ?\ he>1 b n all4 ,b n[ ?y %e-fri5d
 may tell x !e all1 if %e h eyes to see 
x1 z h ,i2 :]eas no man c\ld say s mu* (
 !e be=e ! m]e love %\ld ov]take him1 & 
turn 8 spee* into ! folly ( love & !    
madness ( desire4'  ,all 8 good wom51   
:e!r x is ,dana 9 h] t[]1 or t woman 9  

,! ,wood beyond ! ,_w :o c make ! )]$   
fl[]s 9 h] girdle gr[ "y aga9 by ! t\* (
 h] h&1 are ( ! k9 ( ! wood woman4 ,all 
8 bad wom5 too & 8 half-bad wom5 are (  
h] k94 ,! evils _! en*antm5ts make are a
 disord]$ abundance l t ( we$y places & 
!y are cruel z wild creatures are cruel 
& !y h unbridl$ desires4 ,"o f9ds ^!    
evils 9 _! typical %ape 9 t isle ( !    
,wondr\s ,isles1 :]e ! wick$ wit* has h]
 pleasure-h\se & h] prison1 & 9 t 'isle 
( ! old & ! "y1' :]e until h] en*antm5t 
is brok5 second *ildhood wat*es ov]     
*ildr5 :o nev] gr[ old & :o seem to !   
by/&] :o kn[s _! /ory 'l images' or l '!
 rabbits on ! grass4' ,x is z ?\gh      
,nature spoke ?r\gh him at all times 9 !
 mood t is ^u h] :5 %e is op5+ !        
apple-blossom or r$d5+ ! apple or ?ick5+
 ! %ad[ ( ! b\ghs1 & t ! m5 & wom5 ( 8  
v]se & ( 8 /ories are all ! m9i/]s ( h] 
mood4   ,,iv  ,:5 ,i 0 a *ild ,i (t5    
he>d my eld]s talk+ ( an old turret$    
h\se :]e an old great-uncle ( m9e liv$1 
& ( its g>d5s & its long pond :]e !re 0 

an isl& ) tame eagles2 & "o day somebody
 read me "s v]ses & said !y made him ?9k
 ( t old h\se :]e he _h be5 v happy4 ,! 
v]ses ran 9 my head = ye>s & became to  
me ! be/ description ( happ9ess 9 ! _w1 
& ,i am n c]ta9 t ,i "k a bett] ev5 n[4 
,!y 7 ^? fir/ doz5 v]ses ( ,gold5 ,w+s t
 beg9--    ',midways ( a wall$ g>d5     
,9 ! happy popl> l&      ,did an anci5t 
ca/le /&1   ,) an old knight = a w>d54  
,_m sc>let bricks !re 7      ,9 its     
walls1 & old grey /one2      ,ov] :i* r$
 apples %one   ,at ! "r "t ( ! ye>4     
,on ! bricks ! gre5 moss grew1          
,yell[ li*5 on ! /one1      ,ov] :i* r$ 
apples %one2   ,little w> t ca/le knew4'
  ,:5 ,william ,morris describes a h\se 
( any k9d1 & makes 8 description        
poetical1 x is always1 ,i ?9k1 "s h\se t
 he w\ld h lik$ to h liv$ 91 & ,i       
rememb] him say+ ab\t ! "t :5 he 0 writ+
 ( t great h\se ( ! ,wolf+s1 ',i        
decorate mod]n h\ses = p1 b ! h\se t    
w\ld please me w\ld be "s great room :]e
 "o talk$ to "o's fri5ds 9 "o corn] &   

eat 9 ano!r & slept 9 ano!r & work$ 9   
ano!r4' ,inde$ all he writes seems to me
 l ! make-believe ( a *ild :o is remak+ 
! _w1 n always 9 ! same way1 b always   
aft] its own he>t2 & s unlike all o!r   
mod]n writ]s he makes 8 poetry out (    
un5d+ pictures ( a happ9ess t is (t5 :at
 a *ild might imag9e1 & always a        
happ9ess t sets m9d & body at ease4 ,n[ 
x is a picture ( "s great room full (   
m]rim5t1 n[ ( ! w9e-press1 n[ ( ! gold5 
?re%+-floor1 n[ ( an old mill among     
apple-trees1 n[ ( cool wat] aft] ! heat 
( ! sun1 n[ ( "s well-%elt]$1 well-till$
 place among woods or m\nta9s1 :]e m5 & 
wom5 live happily1 kn[+ ( no?+ t is too 
f> (f or too great = ! affections4 ,he  
has b "o /ory to tell u1 h[ "s man or   
woman lo/ & f\nd aga9 ! happ9ess t is   
always half ( ! body2 & ev5 :5 !y are   
w&]+ f x1 leaves mu/ fall ov] !m1 &     
fl[]s make fragrances ab\t !m1 & w>m    
w9ds fan !m1 & birds s+ to !m1 = be+ (  
,habundia's k9 !y mu/ n =get ! %ad[ ( h]
 ,gre5 ,tree ev5 = a mom5t1 & ! wat]s ( 

h] ,well mu/ be always wet ^u _! s&als4 
,8 poetry (t5 we>ies u z ! unbrok5 gre5 
( ,july we>ies u1 = !re is some?+ 9 u1  
"s bitt]ness because ( ! ,fall x may be1
 t takes a little f ! sweetness ( ,eve's
 apple aft] ! fir/ m\?ful2 b he :o did  
all ?+s gladly & easily1 :o nev] knew ! 
curse ( lab\r1 f\nd x always z sweet z x
 0 9 ,eve's m\?4 ,all k9ds (            
associations h ga!r$ ab\t ! pleasant ?+s
 ( ! _w & half tak5 ! pleasure out ( !m 
= ! great] numb] ( m51 b he saw !m z :5 
!y came f ! ,div9e ,h&4 ,i (t5 see him 9
 my m9d z ,i saw him once at ,hamm]smi? 
hold+ up a glass ( cl>et t[>ds ! light &
 say+1 ',:y d p say x is prosaic to get 
inspiration out ( w9e8 ,is x n !        
sunlight & ! sap 9 ! leaves8 ,are n     
grapes made by ! sunlight & ! sap8'   ,v
  ,9 "o ( 8 little sociali/ pamphlets he
 tells h[ he sat "u an elm-tree & wat*$ 
! />l+s & ?\ght ( an old horse & an old 
lab\r] t _h pass$ him by1 & ( ! m5 &    
wom5 he _h se5 9 t[ns2 & he wond]$ h[   
all ^! _h come to be z !y 74 ,he saw t !

 />l+s 7 beautiful & m]ry & t m5 & ! old
 horse !y _h subdu$ to _! s]vice 7 ugly 
& mis]able1 & yet ! />l+s1 he ?\ght1 7 (
 "o k9d :e!r !re or 9 ! s\? ( ,engl&1 & 
! ugly m5 & wom5 7 ( "o k9d ) ^? ^:     
nobility & beauty _h mov$ ! anci5t      
sculptors & poets to imag9e ! gods & !  
h]oes aft] ! images ( m54 ,!n he began1 
he tells u1 to m$itate h[ ?is great     
diff]5ce might be end$ & a new life1 :i*
 w\ld p]mit m5 to h beauty 9 common     
among !m z ! />l+s h1 be built on !     
wrecks ( ! old life4 ,9 o!r words1 8 m9d
 0 illum9at$ f )9 & lift$ into prophecy 
9 ! full "r s5se ( ! ^w1 & he saw !     
natural ?+s he 0 alone gift$ to see 9 _!
 p]fect =m2 & hav+ t fai? :i* is alone  
wor? hav+1 = x includes all o!rs1 a sure
 k e/abli%$ 9 ! con/itution ( 8 m9d t   
p]fect ?+s are f9al ?+s1 he ann\nc$ t   
all he _h se5 w\ld come to pass4 ,i d n 
?9k he tr\bl$ to und]/& books (         
economics1 & ,mr4 ,mackail says1 ,i ?9k1
 t !y vex$ him & we>i$ him4 ,he f\nd x  
en\gh to hold up1 z x 71 life z x is    

to-day beside 8 visions1 & to %[ h[ fad$
 its col\rs 7 & h[ sapless x 04 ,& if we
 _h n en\gh arti/ic feel+1 en\gh feel+ =
 ! p]fect t is1 to admit ! au?ority ( ! 
vision2 or en\gh fai? to und]/& t all t 
is imp]fect passes away1 he w\ld n1 z ,i
 ?9k1 h argu$ ) u 9 a s]i\s _s4 ,?\gh ,i
 ?9k t he nev] us$ ! k9ds ( words ,i use
 9 writ+ ( him1 ?\gh ,i ?9k he w\ld ev5 
h dislik$ a ^w l fai? ) its !ological   
associations1 ,i am c]ta9 t he und]/ood 
?or\ghly1 z all arti/s und]/& a little1 
t ! important ?+s1 ! ?+s we mu/ believe 
9 or p]i%1 are beyond argum5t4 ,we c no 
m reason ab\t !m ?an c ! pigeon1 come b 
lately f ! egg1 ab\t ! hawk ^: %ad[     
makes x c[] among ! grass4 ,8 vision is 
true because x is poetical1 because we  
are a little happi] :5 we are look+ at  
x2 & he knew z ,%elley knew by an act ( 
fai? t ! economi/s %\ld take _!         
measurem5ts n f life z x is1 b f !      
vision ( m5 l him1 f ! vision ( ! _w    
made p]fect t is buri$ "u all m9ds4 ,!  
e>ly ,*ri/ians 7 ( ! k9 ( ! ,wild]ness &

 ( ! ,dry ,tree1 & !y saw an une>?ly    
,p>adise1 b he 0 ( ! k9 ( ! ,well & ( ! 
,gre5 ,tree & he saw an ,e>?ly ,p>adise4
  ,he obey$ 8 vision :5 he tri$ to make 
fir/ 8 own h\se1 = he 0 9 ?is matt] also
 l a *ild play+ ) ! _w1 & !n h\ses ( o!r
 p1 places :]e "o c\ld live happily2 &  
he obey$ x :5 he wrote essays ab\t !    
nature ( happy "w1 & :5 he spoke at     
/reet corn]s ab\t ! com+ *anges4  ,he   
knew cle>ly :at he 0 do+ t[>ds ! end1 = 
he liv$ at a "t :5 poets & arti/s h     
begun aga9 to c>ry ! burd5s t prie/s &  
!ologians took f !m angrily "s few      
hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,8 art 0 n m ess5tially
 religi\s ?an ,rossetti's art1 b x 0    
diff]5t1 = ,rossetti1 drunk5 ) natural  
beauty1 saw ! sup]natural beauty1 !     
impossible beauty1 9 8 fr5zy1 :ile he   
be+ less int5se & m tranquil w\ld %[ u a
 beauty t w\ld )] if x did n set u at   
peace ) natural ?+s1 & if we did n      
believe t x exi/$ always a little1 &    
w\ld "s day exi/ 9 its fulness4 ,he may 
n h be51 inde$ he 0 n1 among ! v greate/

 ( ! poets1 b he 0 among ! greate/ ( ^? 
:o prep>e ! la/ reconciliation :5 !     
,cross %all blossom ) roses4  #aijb4    
,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,%elley',s        
,,poetry   ,i4 ,,8 ,,rul+ ,,ideas  ,:5  
,i 0 a boy 9 ,dubl9 ,i 0 "o ( a gr\p :o 
r5t$ a room 9 a mean /reet to discuss   
philosophy4 ,my fell[-/ud5ts got m & m  
int]e/$ 9 c]ta9 mod]n s*ools ( my/ical  
belief1 & ,i nev] f\nd anybody to %>e my
 "o un%akable belief4 ,i ?\ght t :atev] 
( philosophy has be5 made poetry is     
alone p]man5t1 & t "o %\ld beg9 to      
arrange x 9 "s regul> ord]1 reject+ no?+
 z ! make-believe ( ! poets4 ,i ?\ght1 s
 f> z ,i c recollect my ?\ghts aft] s _m
 ye>s1 t if a p[]ful & b5evol5t _s has  
%ap$ ! de/9y ( ?is _w1 we c bett]       
discov] t de/9y f ! words t h ga!r$ up !
 he>t's desire ( ! _w1 ?an f hi/orical  
records1 or f speculation1 :]e9 ! he>t  
)]s4 ,s9ce !n ,i h obs]v$ dreams &      
visions v c>efully1 & am n[ c]ta9 t !   
imag9ation has "s way ( light+ on ! tru?
 t ! reason has n1 & t its comm&m5ts1   

deliv]$ :5 ! body is /ill & ! reason    
sil5t1 are ! mo/ b9d+ we c ev] "k4 ,i h 
re-read ,prome!us ,unb\nd1 :i* ,i _h    
hop$ my fell[-/ud5ts w\ld h /udi$ z a   
sacr$ book1 & x seems to me to h an ev5 
m c]ta9 place ?an ,i _h ?\ght1 among !  
sacr$ books ( ! _w4 ,i rememb] go+ to a 
le>n$ s*ol> to ask ab\t its deep mean+s1
 :i* ,i felt m ?an und]/ood1 & 8 tell+  
me t x 0 ,godw9's ,political ,ju/ice put
 into rhyme1 & t ,%elley 0 a crude      
revolutioni/1 & believ$ t ! ov]turn+ (  
k+s & prie/s w\ld reg5]ate mank9d4 ,i   
quot$ ! l9es :i* tell h[ ! halcyons     
ceas$ to prey on fi%1 & h[ poison\s     
leaves became good = food1 to %[ t he   
=esaw m ?an any political reg5]ation1 b 
0 too timid to pu% ! argum5t4 ,i /ill   
believe t "o _c help believ+ him1 z ?is 
s*ol> ,i "k believes him1 a vague ?9k]1 
:o mix$ occasional great poetry ) a     
phanta/ic rhetoric1 unless "o comp>es   
su* passages1 & above all su* passages z
 describe ! lib]ty he prais$1 till "o   
has discov]$ ! sy/em ( belief t lay     

beh9d !m4 ,x %\ld seem natural to f9d 8 
?\ght full ( subtlety1 = ,mrs4 ,%elley  
has told h[ he hesitat$ :e!r he %\ld be 
a metaphysician or a poet1 & has spok5 (
 8 'hunt+s aft] ! obscure' ) regret1 &  
said ( t ,prome!us ,unb\nd1 :i* s _m =  
?ree g5]ations h ?\ght ,political       
,ju/ice put into rhyme1 ',x requires a  
m9d z subtle & p5etrat+ z 8 own to      
und]/& ! my/ic mean+s scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! 
poem4 ,!y elude ! ord9>y read] by _!    
ab/raction & delicacy ( di/9ction1 b !y 
are f> f vague4 ,x 0 8 design to write  
prose metaphysical essays on ! ,nature (
 ,man1 :i* w\ld h s]v$ to expla9 mu* (  
:at is obscure 9 8 poetry2 a few scatt]$
 fragm5ts ( obs]vation & rem>ks alone   
rema94 ,he consid]$ ^! philosophical    
views ( m9d & nature to be in/9ct ) !   
int5se/ _s ( poetry4' ,f ^! scatt]$     
fragm5ts & obs]vations1 & f _m passages 
read 9 _! light1 "o soon comes to und]/&
 t 8 lib]ty 0 s mu* m ?an ! lib]ty (    
,political ,ju/ice t x 0 "o )           
,intellectual ,beauty1 & t ! reg5]ation 

he =esaw 0 s mu* m ?an ! reg5]ation _m  
political dream]s h =ese51 t x c\ld n   
come 9 its p]fection till ! h\rs bore   
',"t to 8 grave 9 et]nity4' ,9 ,a       
,def5ce ( ,poetry1 ! pr(\nde/ essay on !
 f\ndation ( poetry 9 ,engli%1 he %[s t 
! poet & ! lawgiv] hold _! /ation by !  
"r ( ! same faculty1 ! "o utt]+ 9 words 
& ! o!r 9 ! =ms ( society1 8 vision ( ! 
div9e ord]1 ! ,intellectual ,beauty4    
',poets1 accord+ to ! circum/ances ( !  
age & nation 9 :i* !y appe>$1 7 call$ 9 
! e>lie/ epo* ( ! _w legislators or     
prophets1 & a poet ess5tially comprises 
& unites bo? ^! *>act]s4 ,= he n only   
beholds int5sely ! pres5t z x is1 &     
discov]s ^? laws accord+ to :i* pres5t  
?+s are to be orda9$1 b he beholds !    
future 9 ! pres5t1 & 8 ?\ghts are ! g]ms
 ( ! fl[]s & ! fruit ( late/ "t4'       
',language1 col\r1 =m1 & religi\s &     
civil habits ( action1 are all !        
in/rum5ts & mat]ials ( poetry4' ,poetry 
is '! creation ( actions accord+ to !   
un*angeable process ( human nature z    

exi/+ 9 ! m9d ( ! creator1 :i* is itself
 ! image ( all o!r m9ds4' ',poets h be5 
*all5g$ to resign ! civic cr[n to       
reason]s & m]*ants4444 ,x is admitt$ t !
 ex]cise ( ! imag9ation is ! mo/        
delightful1 b x is alleg$ t t ( reason  
is ! m useful4444 ,:il/ ! me*ani/       
abridges & ! political economi/ comb9es 
lab\r1 let !m be sure t _! speculations1
 = want ( correspond5ce ) ^? fir/       
pr9ciples :i* belong to ! imag9ation1 d 
n t5d1 z !y h 9 mod]n ,engl&1 to        
exasp]ate at once ! extremes ( luxury & 
want4444 ,! ri* h become ri*]1 ! poor h 
become poor]1444 su* are ! effects :i*  
mu/ ev] fl[ f an unmitigat$ ex]cise ( ! 
calculat+ faculty4' ,! speak] ( ^! ?+s  
might almo/ be ,blake1 :o held t !      
,reason n only creat$ ,ugl9ess1 b all   
o!r evils4 ,! books ( all wisdom are    
hidd5 9 ! cave ( ! ,wit* ( ,atlas1 :o is
 "o ( 8 p]sonifications ( beauty1 & :5  
%e moves ov] ! en*ant$ riv] t is an     
image ( all life1 ! prie/s ca/ aside _! 
deceits1 & ! k+ cr[ns an ape to mock 8  

own sov]eignty1 & ! soldi]s ga!r ab\t ! 
anvils to beat _! swords to pl\gh%>es1 &
 lov]s ca/ away _! timidity1 & fri5ds   
are unit$2 :ile ! p[]1 :i* 9 ,laon &    
,cy?na1 awak5s ! m9d ( ! re=m] to       
cont5d1 & itself cont5ds1 aga9/ !       
tyrannies ( ! _w1 is fir/ se51 z ! /> ( 
love or beauty4 ,& at ! end ( ,! ,ode to
 ,naples1 he cries out to '! _s (       
beauty' to ov]turn ! tyrannies ( ! _w1  
or to fill !m ) its 'h>moniz+ ard\rs4'  
,he calls ! _s ( beauty lib]ty1 because 
despotism1 & p]haps1 z '! man ( virtu\s 
s\l comm&s n nor obeys1' all au?ority1  
pluck virtue f h] pa? t[>ds beauty1 &   
because x leads u by t love ^: s]vice is
 p]fect fre$om4 ,x leads all ?+s by     
love1 = he cries aga9 & aga9 t love is !
 p]ception ( beauty 9 ?\ght & ?+s1 & x  
ord]s all ?+s by love1 = x is love t    
impels ! s\l to its expressions 9 ?\ght 
& 9 action1 by mak+ u 'seek to awak5 9  
all ?+s t are1 a community ) :at we     
exp]i5ce )9 ourselves4' ',we are born   
into ! _w1 & !re is some?+ )9 u :i*1 f !

 in/ant t we live1 m & m ?ir/s aft] its 
lik5ess4' ,we h 'a s\l )9 our s\l t     
describes a circle ar\nd its prop]      
p>adise :i* pa9 & sorr[ & evil d>e n    
ov]leap1' & we lab\r to see ?is s\l 9 _m
 mirrors1 t we may possess x ! m        
abundantly4 ,he w\ld h>dly seek !       
progress ( ! _w by any less g5tle lab\r1
 & w\ld h>dly h u resi/ evil itself4 ,he
 bids ! re=m]s 9 ,! ,philosophical      
,review ( ,re=m receive '! onset ( !    
cavalry1' if x be s5t to disp]se _!     
meet+s1 ') fold$ arms1' & 'n because    
active resi/ance is n ju/ifiable1 b     
because temp]ance & c\rage w\ld produce 
great] advantages ?an ! mo/ decisive    
victory2' & he gives !m l advice 9 ,!   
,masque ( ,an>*y1 = lib]ty1 ! poem      
cries1 'is love1' & c make ! ri* man    
kiss its feet1 &1 l ^? :o foll[$ ,*ri/1 
give away 8 goods & foll[ x ?r\gh\t !   
_w4  ,he does n believe t ! re=mation ( 
society c br+ ?is beauty1 ?is div9e     
ord]1 among m5 )\t ! reg5]ation ( !     
he>ts ( m54 ,ev5 9 ,que5 ,mab1 :i* 0    

writt5 be=e he _h f\nd 8 deepe/ ?\ght1  
or r p]haps be=e he _h f\nd words to    
utt] x1 = ,i d n ?9k m5 *ange mu* 9 _!  
deepe/ ?\ght1 he is less anxi\s to *ange
 m5's beliefs1 z ,i ?9k1 ?an to cry out 
aga9/ t s]p5t m subtle ?an any bea/ ( ! 
field1 '! cause & ! effect ( tyranny4'  
,he affirms aga9 & aga9 t ! virtu\s1 ^? 
:o h 'pure desire & univ]sal love1' are 
happy 9 ! mid/ ( tyranny1 & he =esees a 
day :5 '! _s ( nature1' ! _s ( beauty ( 
8 lat] poems1 :o has h] '?rone ( p[]    
unappealable 9 e human he>t1' %all h    
made m5 s virtu\s t 'k+ly gl>e w lose   
its p[] to dazzle & sil5tly pass by1' & 
z x seems ev5 comm]ce1 '! v5al int]*ange
 ( all t human art or nature yields1 :i*
 weal? %\ld pur*ase n1' come z sil5tly  
to an end4  ,he 0 always1 inde$ 9 *ief1 
a witness = t 'p[] unappealable4'       
,maddalo1 9 ,julian & ,maddalo1 says t !
 s\l is p[]less1 & c only1 l a 'dre>y   
bell hung 9 a heav5-illum9$ t[]1 toll   
our ?\ghts & our desires to meet r\nd ! 
r5t he>t & pray'2 b ,julian1 :o is      

,%elley himself1 replies1 z ! mak]s (   
all religions h repli$--    ',:]e is !  
beauty1 love & tru? we seek   ,b 9 our  
m9ds8 ,& if we 7 n weak1   ,%\ld we be  
less 9 de$ ?an 9 desire8'  :ile ,mont   
,blanc is an intricate analogy to affirm
 t ! s\l has its s\rces 9 '! secret     
/r5g? ( ?+s1' ':i* gov]ns ?\ght & to !  
inf9ite heav5s is a law4' ,he ev5 ?\ght 
t m5 might be immortal 7 !y s9less1 & 8 
,cy?na bids ! sailors be )\t remorse1 = 
all t live are /a9$ z !y are4 ,x is ?us1
 %e says1 t "t m>ks m5 & _! ?\ghts = !  
tomb4 ,& ! ',r$ ,comet1' ! image ( evil 
9 ,laon & ,cy?na1 :5 x began its w> ) ! 
/> ( beauty1 br\ght n only ',fe>1       
,hatr$1 ,fraud1 & ,tyranny1' b ',dea?1  
,decay1 ,e>?quake1 & ,blight & ,madness 
pale4'  ,:5 ! ,r$ ,comet is conqu]$1 :5 
,jupit] is ov]?r[n by ,demogorgon1 :5 ! 
prophecy ( ,que5 ,mab is fulfill$1      
visible nature w put on p]fection aga94 
,he decl>es1 9 "o ( ! notes to ,que5    
,mab1 t '!re is no great extravagance 9 
presum+ 444 t !re %\ld be a p]fect      

id5tity betwe5 ! moral & physical       
improvem5t ( ! human species1' & ?9ks x 
'c]ta9 t wisdom is n compatible )       
disease1 & t1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( !       
climates ( ! e>?1 heal? 9 ! true &      
compreh5sive s5se ( ! ^w is out ( ! rea*
 ( civiliz$ man4' ,9 ,prome!us ,unb\nd  
he sees1 z 9 ! ec/asy ( a sa9t1 ! %ips  
mov+ among ! seas ( ! _w )\t fe> ( dang]
                                  'by ! 
light   ,( wave-reflect$ fl[]s1 & float+
 od\rs1   ,& music s(t1'  & poison dy+  
out ( ! gre5 ?+s1 & cruelty out ( all   
liv+ ?+s1 & ev5 ! toads & efts becom+   
beautiful1 & at la/ ,"t be+ borne 'to 8 
tomb 9 et]nity4'  ,?is beauty1 ?is div9e
 ord]1 :]e( all ?+s %all become a "p 9 a
 k9d ( resurrection ( ! body1 is already
 visible to ! dead & to s\ls 9 ec/asy1 =
 ec/asy is a k9d ( dea?4 ,! dy+ ,lionel 
he>s ! song ( ! night+ale1 & cries--    
',he>d/ ?\ n sweet words among   ,t     
heav5-res\nd+ m9/relsy8   ,he>d/ ?\ n t 
^? :o die   ,awake 9 a _w ( ec/asy8     
,h[ love1 :5 limbs are int]wov51   ,&   

sleep1 :5 ! night ( life is clov51   ,& 
?\ght to ! _w's dim b\nd>ies cl++1   ,& 
music :5 "o belov$ is s++1   ,is dea?8  
,let u dra9 "r joy\sly   ,! cup :i* !   
sweet bird fills = me4'  ,& 9 ! mo/     
fam\s passage 9 all 8 poetry he s+s (   
,dea? z ( a mi/ress4 ',life1 l a dome ( 
_m-col\r$ glass1 /a9s ! :ite radiance ( 
et]nity4' ',die1 if ?\ w\ld/ be ) t :i* 
?\ w\ld/ seek2' & he sees 8 own         
soon-com+ dea? 9 a rapture ( prophecy1 =
 '! fire = :i* all ?ir/' beams ^u him1  
'consum+ ! la/ cl\ds ( cold mortality4' 
,:5 he is dead he w /ill influ5ce !     
liv+1 = ?\gh ,adonais has fl$ 'to !     
burn+ f\nta9s :5ce he came1' & 'is a    
portion ( ! et]nal :i* mu/ gl[ ?r\gh "t 
& *ange unqu5*ably ! same1' & has 'awak$
 f ! dream ( life1' he has n gone f '!  
"y dawn1' or ! 'cav]ns 9 ! =e/s1' or '! 
fa9t fl[]s & ! f\nta9s4' ,he has be5    
'made "o ) nature1' & 8 voice is 'he>d 9
 all h] music1' & 8 pres5ce is felt     
:]ev] 't p[] may move :i* has )drawn 8  
be+ to its own1' & he be>s '8 "p' :5 x  

is compell+ mortal ?+s to _! appo9t$    
=ms1 & he ov]%ad[s m5's m9ds at _!      
supreme mom5ts1 =                    ':5
 l(ty ?\ght   ,lifts a "y he>t above its
 mortal lair1   ,& love & life cont5d 9 
x = :at   ,%all be its e>?ly doom1 !    
dead live !re1   ,& move l w9ds ( light 
on d>k & /ormy air4'  ',( 8 speculations
 z to :at w befall ?is ine/imable _s :5 
we appe> to die1' ,mrs4 ,%elley has     
writt51 'a my/ic ideality t+$ ^!        
speculations 9 ,%elley's m9d2 c]ta9     
/anzas 9 ! poem ( ,! ,s5sitive ,plant   
express1 9 "s degree1 ! almo/           
inexpressible idea1 n t we die into     
ano!r /ate1 :5 ?is /ate is no long]1 f  
"s reason1 unapp>5t z well z app>5t1    
accordant ) our be+--b t ^? :o rise     
above ! ord9>y nature ( man1 fade f be=e
 our imp]fect organs2 !y rema9 9 _!     
love1 beauty1 & delight1 9 a _w cong5ial
 to !m1 & we1 clogg$ by error1          
ignorance1 & /rife1 see !m n till we are
 fitt$ by purification & improvem5t to  
_! high] /ate4' ,n m]ely happy s\ls1 b  

all beautiful places & movem5ts &       
ge/ures & ev5ts1 :5 we ?9k !y h ceas$ to
 be1 h become portions ( ! et]nal4      
',9 ?is life   ,( error1 ignorance1 &   
/rife1   ,:]e no?+ is1 b all ?+s seem1  
,& we ! %ad[s ( ! dream1    ,x is a     
mode/ cre$1 & yet   ,pleasant1 if "o    
consid]s x1   ,to own t dea? itself mu/ 
be1   ,l all ! re/1 a mock]y4    ,?is   
g>d5 sweet1 t lady fair1   ,& all sweet 
%apes & od\rs !re1   ,9 tru? h nev]     
pass$ away2   ',tis we1 'tis ours are   
*ang$1 n !y4    ,= love & beauty &      
delight   ,!re is no dea?1 nor *ange2 _!
 might   ,exce$s our organs1 :i* endure 
,no light1 be+ !mselves obscure4'  ,he  
seems 9 8 speculations to h lit on t    
memory ( nature ! vision>ies claim = !  
f\ndation ( _! k2 b ,i d n "k :e!r he   
?\ght1 z !y d1 t all ?+s good & evil    
rema9 = ev]1 '?9k+ ! ?\ght & do+ ! de$1'
 ?\gh n1 x may be1 self-consci\s2 or    
only ?\ght t 'love & beauty & delight'  
rema9 = ev]4 ,! passage :]e ,que5 ,mab  
awakes 'all k ( ! pa/1' & ! good & evil 

'ev5ts ( old & wondr\s times1' 0 no m   
d\btless ?an a "p ( ! ma*9]y ( ! poem1 b
 all ! ma*9]ies ( poetry are p>ts ( !   
convictions ( antiquity1 & readily      
become aga9 convictions 9 m9ds t dwell  
^u !m 9 a _s ( int5se idealism4         
,intellectual ,beauty has n only ! happy
 dead to d h] w1 b m9i/]+ spirits :o    
correspond to ! ,devas ( ! ,ea/1 & !    
,elem5tal ,spirits ( m$ival ,europe1 & !
 ,sidhe ( anci5t ,irel&1 & ^: too       
con/ant pres5ce1 & p]haps ,%elley's     
ignorance ( _! m traditional =ms1 give  
"s ( 8 poetry an air ( rootless         
phantasy4 ,!y *ange cont9ually 9 8      
poetry1 z !y d 9 ! visions ( ! my/ics   
ev]y:]e & ( ! common p 9 ,irel&1 & ! =ms
 ( ^! *anges display1 9 an especial     
s5se1 ! gl[+ =ms ( 8 m9d :5 fre$ f all  
impulse n out ( itself or out (         
sup]s5sual p[]4 ,^! are 'gleams ( a     
remot] _w :i* visit u 9 sleep1'         
spiritual ess5ces ^: %ad[s are !        
delights ( all ! s5ses1 s\nds 'fold$ 9  
cells ( cry/al sil5ce1' 'visions swift &

 sweet & qua9t1' :i* lie wait+ _! mom5t 
'ea* 9 8 ?9 %ea? l a *rysalis1' 'od\rs' 
among 'ev]-bloom+ ed5 trees'1 'liquors' 
t c give 'happy sleep1' or c make te>s  
'all wond] & delight'2 ',! gold5 g5ii :o
 spoke to ! poets ( ,greece 9 dreams'2  
'! phantoms' :i* become ! =ms ( ! arts  
:5 '! m9d1 aris+ bright f ! embrace (   
beauty1' 'ca/s on !m ! ga!r$ rays :i*   
are reality'2 ! 'gu>dians' :o move 9 '! 
atmosph]e ( human ?\ght' z '! birds )9 !
 w9d1 or ! fi% )9 ! wave1' or man's     
?\ght itself ?r\gh all ?+s2 & :o jo9 !  
?rong ( ! happy h\rs :5 ,"t is pass+    
away--        ',z ! fly+ fi% leap       
,f ! ,indian deep1   ,& mix ) ! seabirds
 half asleep4'  ,x is ^! p[]s :i* lead  
,asia & ,pan!a1 z !y w\ld lead all !    
affections ( humanity1 by words writt5  
^u leaves1 by fa9t songs1 by eddies (   
e*oes t draw 'all spirits on t secret   
way1' by ! 'dy+ od\rs' ( fl[]s & by '!  
sunlight ( ! sph]$ dew1' beyond ! gates 
( bir? & dea? to awake ,demogorgon1     
et]nity1 t '! pa9t$ veil' 'call$ life'  

may be 'torn aside4'  ,!re are also     
m9i/]s ( ugl9ess & all evil1 l ^? t came
 to ,prome!us--    ',z f ! rose :i* !   
pale prie/ess kneels   ,to ga!r = h]    
fe/al cr[n ( fl[]s1   ,! arial crimson  
falls1 flu%+ h] *eek1   ,s f our        
victim's de/9$ agony   ,! %ade :i* is   
our =m inve/s u r\nd2   ,else we are    
%apeless z our "m ,night4'  ,or l ^? ^: 
%apes ! poet sees 9 ,! ,triumph ( ,life1
 com+ f ! procession t foll[s ! c> (    
life1 z 'hope' *anges to 'desire1' %ad[s
 'num]\s z ! dead leaves bl[n 9 autumn  
ev5+ f a popl> tree'2 & resembl+ ^? !y  
come f1 until1 if ,i und]/& an obscure  
phrase aright1 !y are 'wrapt' r\nd 'all 
! busy phantoms t live !re z ! sun %apes
 ! cl\ds4' ,"s to sit '*att]+ l apes1' &
 "s l 'old anatomies' 'hat*+ _! b>e     
broods "u ! %ade ( dmons' w+s1' laugh+  
'to reassume ! delegat$ p[]s' !y _h giv5
 to ! tyrants ( ! e>?1 & "s 'l small    
gnats & flies' to ?rong 'ab\t ! br[ (   
lawy]s1 /atesm51 prie/ & !ori/1' & "s 'l
 discol\r$ %apes ( sn[' to fall 'on     

faire/ bosoms & ! sunnie/ hair1' to be  
'melt$ by ! y\?ful gl[ :i* !y ext+ui%1' 
& _m to 'fl+ %ad[s ( %ad[s yet unlike   
!mselves1' %ad[s t are %ap$ into new =ms
 by t 'creative ray' 9 :i* all move l   
motes4  ,^! m9i/]s ( beauty & ugl9ess 7 
c]ta9ly m ?an metaphors or picturesque  
phrases to "o :o believ$ ! '?\ghts :i*  
are call$ real or ext]nal objects'      
diff]$ b 9 regul>ity ( recurr5ce f      
'halluc9ations1 dreams1 & ! ideas (     
madness1' & less5$ ?is diff]5ce by tell+
 h[ he _h dream$ '?ree sev]al times1    
betwe5 int]vals ( two or m ye>s1 ! same 
precise dream1' & :o _h se5 images ) !  
m9d's eye t left 8 n]ves %ak5 = days    
toge!r4 ,%ad[s t 7 z :5 !re             
'hov]s   ,a flock ( vampire bats be=e ! 
gl>e   ,( ! tropic sun1 br++1 ere ev5+1 
,/range night ^u "s ,indian vale1'  c\ld
 n b h _h m ?an a metaphorical &        
picturesque be+ to "o :o _h spok5 9     
t]ror ) an image ( himself1 & :o _h     
fa9t$ at ! app>ition ( a woman ) eyes 9 
h] brea/s1 & :o _h tri$ to burn d[n a   

wood1 if we c tru/ ,mrs4 ,williams'     
acc\nt1 because he believ$ a devil1 :o  
_h fir/ tri$ to kill him1 _h s\ght      
refuge !re4  ,x seems to me1 inde$1 t   
,%elley _h reawak5$ 9 himself ! age (   
fai?1 ?\gh !re 7 times :5 he w\ld d\bt1 
z ev5 ! sa9ts h d\bt$1 & t he 0 a       
revolutioni/1 because he _h he>d !      
comm&m5t1 ',if ye "k ^! ?+s1 happy are  
ye if ye d !m4' ,i h re-read 8 ,prome!us
 ,unb\nd = ! fir/ "t = _m ye>s1 9 !     
woods ( ,drim-da-rod1 among ! ,e*te     
hills1 & sometimes ,i h look$ t[>ds     
,slieve-nan-,orr1 :]e ! c\ntry p say !  
la/ battle ( ! _w %all be f\ght till !  
?ird day1 :5 a prie/ %all lift a *alice1
 & ! ?\s& ye>s ( peace beg94 ,& ,i ?9k  
?is my/]i\s song utt]s a fai? z simple &
 z anci5t z ! fai? ( ^? c\ntry p1 9 a =m
 suit$ to a new age1 t w und]/&1 )      
,blake1 t ! holy _s is 'an intellectual 
f\nta91' & t ! k9ds & degrees ( beauty  
are ! images ( its au?ority4   ,,ii4 ,,8
 ,,rul+ ,,symbols  ,at a comp>atively   
e>ly "t ,%elley made 8 imprison$ ,cy?na 

become wise 9 all human wisdom ?r\gh !  
contemplation ( h] own m9d1 & write out 
?is wisdom ^u ! s& 9 'signs' t 7 'cle>  
elem5tal %apes ^: smalle/ *ange' made 'a
 subtl] language )9 language' & 7 '! key
 ( tru?s1 :i* once 7 dimly taught 9 old 
,crotona4' ,8 e>ly romances & mu*       
?r\gh\t 8 poetry %[ h[ /rong a          
fasc9ation ! traditions ( magic & ( !   
magical philosophy _h ca/ ov] 8 m9d1 &  
"o c h>dly suppose t he _h n brood$ ov] 
_! doctr9e ( symbols or signatures1 ?\gh
 ,i d n f9d any?+ to %[ t he gave x any 
deep /udy4 ,"o f9ds 9 8 poetry1 besides 
innum]able images t h n ! def9it5ess (  
symbols1 _m images t are c]ta9ly        
symbols1 & z ! ye>s w5t by he began to  
use ^! ) a m & m delib]ately symbolic   
purpose4 ,i imag9e t1 :5 he wrote 8     
e>li] poems1 he all[$ ! subconsci\s life
 to lay its h&s s firmly ^u ! rudd] ( 8 
imag9ation1 t he 0 little consci\s ( !  
ab/ract mean+ ( ! images t rose 9 :at   
seem$ ! idl5ess ( 8 m9d4 ,any "o :o has 
any exp]i5ce ( any my/ical /ate ( ! s\l 

kn[s h[ !re float up 9 ! m9d pr(\nd     
symbols1#a ^: mean+1 if inde$ !y d n    
delude "o into ! dream t !y are         
mean+less1 "o does n p]haps und]/& =    
ye>s4 ,nor ,i ?9k has any "o1 :o has    
kn[n t exp]i5ce ) any con/ancy1 fail$ to
 f9d "s day 9 "s old book or on "s old  
monum5t1 a /range or intricate image1 t 
_h float$ up be=e him1 & gr[ p]haps     
dizzy ) ! sudd5 conviction t our little 
memories are b a "p ( "s great memory t 
r5ews ! _w & m5's ?\ghts age aft] age1 &
 t our ?\ghts are n1 z we suppose1 !    
deep b a little foam ^u ! deep4 ,%elley 
und]/ood ?is1 z is prov$ by :at he says 
( ! et]nity ( beautiful ?+s & ( !       
influ5ce ( ! dead1 b :e!r he und]/ood t 
! great memory is also a dwell+-h\se (  
symbols1 ( images t are liv+ s\ls1 ,i _c
 tell4 ,he _h c]ta9ly exp]i5ce ( all b !
 mo/ pr(\nd ( ! my/ical /ates1 ( t union
 ) creat$ ?+s :i* assur$ly mu/ prec$e ! 
s\l's union ) ! uncreat$ _s4 ,he says 9 
8 fragm5t ( an essay ^u life1 mi/ak+ a  
unique exp]i5ce = ! common exp]i5ce (   

all3 ',let u recollect our s5sations z  
*ildr5 444 we less habitually di/+ui%$  
all t we saw & felt f ourselves4 ,!y    
seem$ z x 7 to con/itute "o mass4 ,!re  
are "s p]sons :o 9 ?is respect are      
always *ildr54 ,^? :o are subject to !  
/ate call$ rev]ie1 feel z if _! nature 7
 resolv$ into ! surr\nd+ univ]se1 or z  
if ! surr\nd+ univ]se 7 resolv$ into _! 
be+1' & he mu/ h expect$ to receive     
?\ghts & images f beyond 8 own m9d1 j 9 
s f> z t m9d transc5d$ its preoccupation
 ) p>ticul> "t & place1 = he believ$    
inspiration a k9d ( dea?2 & he c\ld     
h>dly h help$ p]ceiv+ t an image t has  
transc5d$ p>ticul> "t & place becomes a 
symbol1 passes beyond dea?1 z x 71 &    
becomes a liv+ s\l4  ,:5 ,%elley w5t to 
! ,cont95t ) ,godw9's daught] 9 #ahab !y
 sail$ d[n c]ta9 great riv]s 9 an op5   
boat1 & :5 he summ$ up 9 8 preface to   
,laon & ,cy?na ! ?+s t help$ to make him
 a poet1 he spoke ( ^! voyages3 ',i h   
sail$ d[n mighty riv]s & se5 ! sun rise 
& set & ! />s come =? :il/ ,i sail$     

night & day d[n a rapid /ream among     
m\nta9s4'  ,he may h se5 "s cave t 0 !  
b$ ( a rivulet by "s riv] side1 or h    
foll[$ "s m\nta9 /ream to its s\rce 9 a 
cave1 = f 8 return to ,engl& riv]s &    
/reams & wells1 fl[+ ?r\gh caves or ris+
 9 !m1 came into e poem ( 8 t 0 ( any   
l5g?1 & always ) ! precision ( symbols4 
,ala/or pass$ 9 8 boat along a riv] 9 a 
cave2 & :5 = ! la/ "t he felt ! pres5ce 
( ! _s he lov$ & foll[$1 x 0 :5 he wat*$
 8 image 9 a sil5t well2 & :5 he di$ x 0
 :]e a riv] fell into 'an abysmal *asm'2
 & ! ,wit* ( ,atlas 9 h] gladness1 z he 
9 8 sadness1 pass$ 9 h] boat along a    
riv] 9 a cave1 & x 0 :]e x bubbl$ out ( 
a cave t %e 0 born2 & :5 ,r\sseau1 !    
typical poet ( ,! ,triumph ( ,life1     
awoke to ! vision t 0 life1 x 0 :]e a   
rivulet bubbl$ out ( a cave2 & ! poet ( 
,epipsy*idion met ! evil beauty 'by a   
well "u blue night%ade b[]s'2 & ,cy?na  
bore h] *ild imprison$ 9 a great cave   
beside 'a f\nta9 r\nd & va/ & 9 :i* !   
wave imprison$ leap$ & boil$            

p]petually'2 & h] lov] ,laon 0 br\ght to
 8 prison 9 a high column ?r\gh a cave  
:]e !re 0 'a putrid pool1' & :5 he w5t  
to see ! conqu]$ city he dism\nt$ beside
 a pollut$ f\nta9 9 ! m>ket-place1      
=e%ad[+ !reby t _s :o at ! end (        
,prome!us ,unb\nd gazes at a reg5]at$   
city f ')9 a f\nta9 9 ! public squ>e'2 &
 :5 ,laon & ,cy?na are dead !y awake    
beside a f\nta9 & drift into ,p>adise   
along a riv]2 & at ! end ( ?+s ,prome!us
 & ,asia are to live amid a happy _w 9 a
 cave :]e a f\nta9 'leaps ) an awak5+   
s\nd'2 & x 0 by a f\nta91 ! meet+-place 
( c]ta9 unhappy lov]s1 t ,rosal9d &     
,hel5 told _! unhapp9ess to "o ano!r2 & 
x 0 "u a will[ by a f\nta9 t !          
en*antress & h] lov] began _! unhappy   
love2 :ile 8 less] poems & 8 prose      
fragm5ts use caves & riv]s & wells &    
f\nta9s cont9ually z metaphors4 ,x may  
be t 8 subconsci\s life seiz$ ^u "s     
pass+ sc5e1 & m\ld$ x into an anci5t    
symbol )\t help f any?+ b t great       
memory2 b s good a ,platoni/ z ,%elley  

c\ld h>dly h ?\ght ( any cave z a       
symbol1 )\t ?9k+ ( ,plato's cave t 0 !  
_w2 & s good a s*ol> may well h _h      
,porphyry on '! ,cave ( ! ,nymphs' 9 8  
m9d4 ,:5 ,i comp>e ,porphyry's          
description ( ! cave :]e ! ,phacian boat
 left ,odysseus1 ) ,%elley's description
 ( ! cave ( ! ,wit* ( ,atlas1 to "n b "o
 ( _m1 ,i f9d x h>d to ?9k o!rwise4 ,i  
quote ,taylor's translation1 only putt+ 
,mr4 ,lang's prose = ,taylor's bad v]se4
 ',:at does ,hom] obscurely signify by !
 cave 9 ,i?aca :i* he describes 9 !     
foll[+ v]ses8 ,n[ at ! h>b\r's head is a
 long-leav$ olive tree1 & h>d by is a   
pleasant cave & %ad[y1 sacr$ to !       
nymphs1 t are call$ ,naiads4 ,& !re9 are
 mix+ b[ls & j>s ( /one1 & !re moreov] d
 bees hive4 ,& !re are great looms (    
/one1 :]eon ! nymphs weave raim5t (     
purple /a91 a m>vel to behold2 & !re are
 wat]s well+ ev] m4 ,two gates !re are  
to ! cave1 ! "o set t[>ds ! ,nor? w9d1  
:]eby m5 may g d[n1 b ! portals t[>d !  
,s\? p]ta9 r to ! gods1 :]eby m5 may n  

ent]3 x is ! way ( ! immortals4' ,he    
goes on to argue t ! cave 0 a temple    
be=e ,hom] wrote1 & t '! anci5ts did n  
e/abli% temples )\t fabul\s symbols1' & 
!n beg9s to int]pret ,hom]'s description
 9 all its detail4 ,! anci5ts1 he says1 
'consecrat$ a cave to ! _w' & held '!   
fl[+ wat]s' & ! 'obscurity ( ! cav]n'   
'apt symbols ( :at ! _w conta9s1' & he  
calls to witness ,zoroa/]'s cave )      
f\nta9s2 & (t5 caves are1 he says1      
symbols ( 'all invisible p[]2 because z 
caves are obscure & d>k1 s ! ess5ce (   
all ^! p[]s is occult1' & quotes a lo/  
hymn to ,apollo to prove t nymphs liv+ 9
 caves f$ m5 'f intellectual f\nta9s'2 &
 he cont5ds t f\nta9s & riv]s symbolize 
g5]ation1 & t ! ^w nymph 'is commonly   
appli$ to all s\ls desc5d+ into         
g5]ation1' & t ! two gates ( ,hom]'s    
cave are ! gate ( g5]ation & ! gate (   
asc5t ?r\gh dea? to ! gods1 ! gate (    
cold & moi/ure1 & ! gate ( heat & fire4 
,cold1 he says1 causes life 9 ! _w1 &   
heat causes life among ! gods1 & !      

con/ellation ( ! cup is set 9 ! heav5s  
ne> ! sign ,canc]1 because x is !re t ! 
s\ls desc5d+ f ! ,milky ,way receive _! 
draught ( ! intoxicat+ cold dr9k (      
g5]ation4 ',! mix+ b[ls & j>s ( /one'   
are consecrat$ to ! ,naiads1 & are also1
 z x seems1 symbolical ( ,bac*us1 & are 
( /one because ( ! rocky b$s ( ! riv]s4 
,& '! looms ( /one' are ! symbols ( !   
's\ls t desc5d into g5]ation4' ',= !    
=mation ( ! fle% is on or ab\t ! bones1 
:i* 9 ! bodies ( animals resemble       
/ones1' & also because '! body is a     
g>m5t' n only ab\t ! s\l1 b ab\t all    
ess5ces t become visible1 = '! heav5s   
are call$ by ! anci5ts a veil1 9        
consequ5ce ( be+ z x 7 ! ve/m5ts ( !    
cele/ial gods4' ,! bees hive 9 ! mix+   
b[ls & j>s ( /one1 = s ,porphyry und]/&s
 ! passage1 because honey 0 ! symbol    
adopt$ by ! anci5ts = 'pleasure aris+ f 
g5]ation4' ,! anci5ts1 he says1 call$   
s\ls n only ,naiads b bees1 'z !        
effici5t cause ( sweetness'2 b n all    
s\ls 'proce$+ into g5]ation' are call$  

bees1 'b ^? :o w live 9 x ju/ly & :o    
aft] hav+ p]=m$ su* ?+s z are acceptable
 to ! gods w aga9 return 7to _! k9dr$   
/>s74 ,= ?is insect loves to return to !
 place f :5ce x came & is em95tly j &   
sob]4' ,i f9d all ^! details 9 ! cave ( 
! ,wit* ( ,atlas1 ! mo/ elaborately     
describ$ ( ,%elley's caves1 except ! two
 gates1 & ^! h a f>-(f e*o 9 h] summ]   
j\rneys on h] cav]n riv] & 9 h] w9t]    
sleep 9 'an inext+ui%able well ( crimson
 fire4' ,we h = ! mix+ b[ls1 & j>s (    
/one full ( honey1 ^? delights ( !      
s5ses1 's\nds ( air' 'fold$ 9 cells (   
cry/al sil5ces1' 'liquors cle> & sweet' 
'9 cry/al vials1' & = ! bees1 visions   
'ea* 9 8 ?9 %ea? l a *rysalis1' & = '!  
looms ( /one' & 'raim5t ( purple /a9' ! 
,wit*'s sp9n+ & embroid]+2 & ! ,wit*    
h]self is a ,naiad1 & 0 born f "o ( !   
,atlantides1 :o lay 9 'a *amb] ( grey   
rock' until %e 0 *ang$ by ! sun's       
embrace into a cl\d4  ,:5 "o turns to   
,%elley = an explanation ( ! cave &     
f\nta9 "o f9ds h[ close 8 ?\ght 0 to    

,porphyry's4 ,he look$ ^u ?\ght z a     
condition ( life 9 g5]ation & believ$ t 
! reality beyond 0 some?+ o!r ?an ?\ght4
 ,he wrote 9 8 fragm5t ',on ,life1' ',t 
! basis ( all ?+s _c be1 z ! popul>     
philosophy alleges1 m9d1 is suffici5tly 
evid5t4 ,m9d1 z f> z we h any exp]i5ce (
 its prop]ties1 & beyond t exp]i5ce h[  
va9 is argum5t1 _c create1 x c only     
p]ceive2' & 9 ano!r passage he def9es   
m9d z exi/5ce4 ,wat] is 8 great symbol (
 exi/5ce1 & he cont9ually m$itates ov]  
its my/]i\s s\rce4 ,9 8 prose he tells  
h[ '?\ght c ) difficulty visit !        
intricate & w9d+ *amb]s :i* x inhabits4 
,x is l a riv]1 ^: rapid & p]petual     
/ream fl[s outw>d4444 ,! cav]ns ( ! m9d 
are obscure & %ad[y2 or p]vad$ ) a      
lu/re1 beautiful & bright inde$1 b %9+ n
 beyond _! portals4' ,:5 ! ,wit* has    
pass$ 9 h] boat f ! cav]n$ riv]1 t is   
d\btless h] own de/9y1 %e passes along !
 ,nile 'by ,mo]is & ! ,m>eotid lakes1' &
 sees all human life %ad[$ ^u its wat]s 
9 %ad[s t 'nev] are eras$ b tremble     

ev]'2 & 9 _m a d>k & subt]ranean /reet  
"u ! ,nile--new cav]ns--& along ! bank (
 ! ,nile2 & z %e b5ds ov] ! unhappy1 %e 
comp>es unhapp9ess to '! /rife t /irs ! 
liquid surface ( man's life'2 & because 
%e c see ! reality ( ?+s %e is describ$ 
z j\rney+ '9 ! calm dep?s' ( '! wide    
lake' we j\rney ov] unpilot$4 ,ala/or   
calls ! riv] t he foll[s an image ( 8   
m9d1 & ?9ks t x w be z h>d to say :]e 8 
?\ght w be :5 he is dead z :]e its wat]s
 w be 9 ocean or cl\d 9 a little :ile4  
,9 ,mont ,blanc1 a poem s ov]lad5 )     
descriptions 9 p>5!ses t "o loses sight 
( its logic1 ,%elley comp>es ! fl[+     
?r\gh our m9d ( '! univ]se ( ?+s1' :i*  
are1 he has expla9$ else:]e1 b ?\ghts1  
to ! fl[+ ( ! ,arne ?r\gh ! rav9e1 &    
comp>es ! unkn[n s\rces ( our ?\ghts 9  
"s 'remot] _w' ^: 'gleams' 'visit ! s\l 
9 sleep1' to ,arne's s\rces among !     
glaci]s on ! m\nta9 heights4 ,cy?na 9 ! 
passage :]e %e speaks ( mak+ signs 'a   
subtle language )9 language' on ! s& by 
! 'f\nta9' ( sea wat] 9 ! cave :]e %e is

 imprison$1 speaks ( ! 'cave' ( h] m9d  
:i* gave its secrets to h]1 & ( '"o m9d 
! type ( all' :i* is a 'moveless wave'  
reflect+ 'all moveless ?+s t are'2 & !n 
pass+ m completely "u ! p[] ( ! symbol1 
%e speaks ( gr[+ wise ?r\gh             
contemplation ( ! images t rise out ( ! 
f\nta9 at ! call ( h] w4 ,aga9 & aga9 "o
 f9ds "s pass+ allusion to ! cave (     
man's m9d1 or to ! caves ( 8 y\?1 or to 
! cave ( my/]ies we ent] at dea?1 = to  
,%elley z to ,porphyry x is m ?an an    
image ( life 9 ! _w4 ,x may mean any    
enclos$ life1 z :5 x is ! dwell+-place (
 ,asia & ,prome!us1 or :5 x is '! /ill  
cave ( poetry1' & x may h all mean+s at 
once1 or x may h z little mean+ z "s    
anci5t religi\s symbol enwov5 f ! habit 
( c5turies ) ! patt]ns ( a c>pet or a   
tape/ry4  ,z ,%elley sail$ along ^?     
great riv]s & saw or imag9$ ! cave t    
associat$ itself ) riv]s 9 8 m9d1 he saw
 half-ru9$ t[]s ^u ! hilltops1 & once at
 any rate a t[] is us$ to symbolize a   
mean+ t is ! contr>y to ! mean+         

symboliz$ by caves4 ,cy?na's lov] is    
br\ght ?r\gh ! cave :]e !re is a pollut$
 f\nta9 to a high t[]1 = be+ man's      
f>-see+ m9d1 :5 ! _w has ca/ him out he 
mu/ to ! 't[]s ( ?\ght's cr[n$ p[]s'2   
nor is x possible = ,%elley to h =gott5 
?is fir/ imprisonm5t :5 he made m5      
imprison ,lionel 9 a t[] = a l (f5ce2 & 
because ,i "k h[ h>d x is to =get a     
symbolical mean+1 once "o has f\nd x1 ,i
 believe ,%elley _h m ?an a romantic    
sc5e 9 8 m9d :5 he made ,pr9ce ,a?anase 
foll[ 8 my/]i\s /udies 9 a light$ t[]   
above ! sea1 & :5 he made ! old h]mit   
wat* ov] ,laon 9 8 sickness 9 a         
half-ru9$ t[]1 :]e9 ! sea1 "h d\btless z
 to ,cy?na1 '! "o m9d1' ?rew 'spangl$   
s&s' & 'r>e/ sea %ells4' ,! t[]1        
important 9 ,maet]l9ck1 z 9 ,%elley1 is1
 l ! sea1 & riv]s1 & caves ) f\nta9s1 a 
v anci5t symbol1 & w\ld p]haps1 z ye>s  
w5t by1 h gr[n m important 9 8 poetry4  
,! contra/ betwe5 x & ! cave 9 ,laon &  
,cy?na sugge/s a contra/ betwe5 ! m9d   
look+ outw>d ^u m5 & ?+s & ! m9d look+  

inw>d ^u itself1 :i* may or may n h be5 
9 ,%elley's m9d1 b c]ta9ly helps1 ) "o  
kn[s n h[ _m o!r dim mean+s1 to give !  
poem my/]y & %ad[4 ,x is only by anci5t 
symbols1 by symbols t h numb]less mean+s
 beside ! "o or two ! writ] lays an     
emphasis ^u1 or ! half-score he kn[s (1 
t any highly subjective art c escape f !
 b>r5ness & %all[ness ( a too consci\s  
arrangem5t1 into ! abundance & dep? (   
nature4 ,! poet ( ess5ces & pure ideas  
mu/ seek 9 ! half-lights t glimm] f     
symbol to symbol z if to ! ends ( ! e>?1
 all t ! epic & dramatic poet f9ds (    
my/]y & %ad[ 9 ! accid5tal circum/ance (
 life4  ,! mo/ important1 ! mo/ precise 
( all ,%elley's symbols1 ! "o he uses ) 
! fulle/ k ( its mean+1 is ! ,morn+ &   
,ev5+ ,/>4 ,x rises & sets = ev] ov] !  
t[]s & riv]s1 & is ! ?rone ( 8 g5ius4   
,p]sonifi$ z a woman x leads ,r\sseau1 !
 typical poet ( ,! ,triumph ( ,life1 "u 
! p[] ( ! de/roy+ hung] ( life1 "u ! p[]
 ( ! sun t we %all f9d pres5tly z a     
symbol ( life1 & x is ! ,morn+ ,/> t w>s

 aga9/ ! pr9ciple ( evil 9 ,laon &      
,cy?na1 at fir/ z a /> ) a r$ comet1 "h 
a symbol ( all evil z x is ( disord] 9  
,epipsy*idion1 & !n z a s]p5t ) an      
eagle--symbols 9 ,blake too & 9 !       
,al*emi/s2 & x is ! ,morn+ ,/> t appe>s 
z a w+$ y\? to a woman1 :o typifies     
humanity amid its sorr[s1 9 ! fir/ canto
 ( ,laon & ,cy?na2 & x is evok$ by !    
wail+ wom5 ( ,hellas1 :o call x 'lamp ( 
! free' & 'beacon ( love' & w\ld g :]e x
 hides fly+ f ! deep5+ night among ^?   
'k+less cont95ts s9less z ,ed51' &      
'm\nta9s & isl&s' 'prankt on ! sapphire 
sea' t are b ! oppos+ hemisph]es to !   
s5ses b1 z ,i ?9k1 ! ideal _w1 ! _w ( ! 
dead1 to ! imag9ation2 & 9 ! ,ode to    
,lib]ty1 ,lib]ty is bid lead wisdom out 
( ! inmo/ cave ( man's m9d z ! ,morn+   
,/> leads ! sun out ( ! waves4 ,we "k   
too t _h ,pr9ce ,a?anase be5 f9i%$ x    
w\ld h describ$ ! f9d+ ( ,p&emus1 ! />s'
 l[] g5ius1 & ! gr[+ we>y ( h]1 & ! com+
 to its true g5ius ,urania at ! com+ (  
dea?1 z ! day f9ds ! ,/> at ev5+4 ,!re  

is h>dly inde$ a poem ( any l5g? 9 :i*  
"o does n f9d x z a symbol ( love1 or   
lib]ty1 or wisdom1 or beauty1 or ( "s   
o!r expression ( t ,intellectual        
,beauty1 :i* 0 to ,%elley's m9d ! c5tral
 p[] ( ! _w2 & to its fa9t & fleet+     
light he (f]s up all desires1 t are z   
',! desire ( ! ,mo? = ! />1   ,! desire 
= some?+ af>   ,f ! sph]e ( our sorr[4' 
,:5 its g5ius comes to ,r\sseau1 %$d+   
dew ) "o h&1 & tread+ out ! />s ) h]    
feet1 = %e is also ! g5ius ( ! dawn1 %e 
br+s him a cup full ( oblivion & love4  
,he dr9ks & 8 m9d becomes l s& 'on des]t
 ,labrador' m>k$ by ! feet ( de] & a    
wolf4 ,& !n ! new vision1 life1 ! cold  
light ( day moves be=e him1 & ! fir/    
vision becomes an invisible pres5ce4 ,! 
same image 0 9 8 m9d too :5 he wrote    
',hesp]us flies f awak5+ night   ,&     
pants 9 its beauty ) spe$ & light1      
,fa/ fleet+1 s(t & bright4'  ,?\gh ,i d 
n ?9k t ,%elley ne$$ to g to ,porphyry's
 acc\nt ( ! cold intoxicat+ cup1 giv5 to
 ! s\ls 9 ! con/ellation ( ! ,cup ne> ! 

con/ellation ,canc]1 = s obvi\s a symbol
 z ! cup1 or t he c\ld n h f\nd ! wolf &
 ! de] & ! cont9ual flight ( 8 ,/> 9 8  
own m9d1 8 poetry becomes ! ri*]1 ! m   
emotional1 & loses some?+ ( its         
appe>ance ( idle phantasy :5 ,i rememb] 
t ^! are anci5t symbols1 & /ill come to 
vision>ies 9 _! dreams4 ,because ! wolf 
is b a m viol5t symbol ( long+ & desire 
?an ! h\nd1 8 wolf & de] rem9d me ( !   
h\nd & de] t ,u%e5 saw 9 ! ,gaelic poem 
*as+ "o ano!r on ! wat] be=e he saw ! "y
 man foll[+ ! woman ) ! gold5 apple2 & (
 a ,galway tale t tells h[ ,niam1 ^: "n 
means brightness or beauty1 came to     
,u%e5 z a de]2 & ( a vision t a fri5d ( 
m9e saw :5 gaz+ at a d>k-blue curta94 ,i
 0 ) a numb] ( ,h]meti/s1 & "o ( !m said
 to ano!r1 ',d y see some?+ 9 ! curta98'
 ,! o!r gaz$ at ! curta9 = a :ile & saw 
pres5tly a man l$ ?r\gh a wood by a     
black h\nd1 & !n ! h\nd lay dead at a   
place ! se] knew 0 call$1 )\t kn[+ :y1  
'! ,meet+ ( ! ,suns1' & ! man foll[$ a  
r$ h\nd1 & !n ! r$ h\nd 0 pi]c$ by a    

spe>4 ,a :ite fawn wat*$ ! man out ( !  
wood1 b he did n look at x1 = a :ite    
h\nd came & he foll[$ x trembl+1 b ! se]
 knew t he w\ld foll[ ! fawn at la/1 & t
 x w\ld lead him among ! gods4 ,! mo/   
le>n$ ( ! ,h]meti/s said1 ',i _c tell ! 
mean+ ( ! h\nds or :]e ! ,meet+ ( !     
,suns is1 b ,i ?9k ! fawn is ! ,morn+ & 
,ev5+ ,/>4' ,i h little d\bt t :5 ! man 
saw ! :ite fawn he 0 com+ out ( !       
d>kness & passion ( ! _w into "s day (  
p>tial reg5]ation1 & t x 0 ! ,morn+ ,/> 
& w\ld be ! ,ev5+ ,/> at its second     
com+4 ,i h little d\bt t x 0 b ! /ory ( 
,pr9ce ,a?anase & :at may h be5 ! /ory (
 ,r\sseau 9 ,! ,triumph ( ,life1 ?r[n   
outw>d once aga9 f t great memory1 :i*  
is /ill ! "m ( ! ,muses1 ?\gh m5 no     
long] believe 9 x4  ,x may h be5 ?is    
memory1 or x may h be5 "s impulse ( 8   
nature too subtle = 8 m9d to foll[1 t   
made ,keats1 ) 8 love ( embodi$ ?+s1 (  
precision ( =m & col\r+1 ( emotions made
 sleepy by ! fle%1 see ,intellectual    
,beauty 9 ! ,moon2 & ,blake1 :o liv$ 9 t

 en]gy he call$ et]nal delight1 see x 9 
! ,sun1 :]e 8 p]sonification ( poetic   
g5ius lab\rs at a furnace4 ,i ?9k !re 0 
c]ta9ly "s reason :y ^! m5 took s deep a
 pleasure 9 lights1 t ,%elley ?\ght ( ) 
we>9ess & tr\ble4 ,! ,moon is ! mo/     
*angeable ( symbols1 & n m]ely because x
 is ! symbol ( *ange4 ,z mi/ress ( !    
wat]s %e gov]ns ! life ( in/9ct & !     
g5]ation ( ?+s1 = z ,porphyry says1 ev5 
'! app>ition ( images' 9 ! 'imag9ation' 
is ?r\gh 'an excess ( moi/ure'2 &1 z a  
cold & *angeable fire set 9 ! b>e       
heav5s1 %e gov]ns alike *a/ity & !      
joyless idle drift+ hi!r & ?i!r ( g5]at$
 ?+s4 ,%e may give ,god a body & h      
,gabriel to be> h] messages1 or %e may  
come to m5 9 _! happy mom5ts z %e came  
to ,endymion1 or %e may d5y life & %oot 
h] arr[s2 b because %e only becomes     
beautiful 9 giv+ h]self1 & is no fly+   
ideal1 %e is n lov$ by ! *ildr5 (       
desire4  ,%elley c\ld n help b see h] ) 
unfri5dly eyes4 ,he is believ$ to h     
describ$ ,m>y ,%elley at a "t :5 %e _h  

come to seem cold 9 8 eyes1 9 t passage 
( ,epipsy*idion :i* tells h[ a woman l !
 ,moon l$ him to h] cave & made 'fro/'  
creep ov] ! sea ( 8 m9d1 & s bewit*$    
life & dea? ) 'h] silv] voice' t !y ran 
f him cry+1 ',away1 he is n ( our crew4'
 ,:5 he describes ! ,moon z "p ( "s     
beautiful sc5e he c call h] beautiful1 b
 :5 he p]sonifies1 :5 8 words come "u ! 
influ5ce ( t great memory or ( "s       
my/]i\s tide 9 ! dep? ( our be+1 he gr[s
 unfri5dly or n truly fri5dly or at !   
mo/ pitiful4 ,! ,moon's lips 'are pale &
 wan+1' x is '! cold ,moon1' or '! froz5
 & incon/ant ,moon1' or x is '=gott5' & 
'wan+1' or x 'w&]s' & is 'we>y1' or x is
 'pale & grey1' or x is 'pale =         
we>9ess1' & 'w&]+ companionless' & 'ev] 
*ang+1' & f9d+ 'no object wor?' its     
'con/ancy1' or x is l a 'dy+ lady' :o   
'tott]s' 'out ( h] *amb] l$ by ! insane 
& feeble w&]+s ( h] fad+ bra91' & ev5 :5
 x is no m ?an a />1 x ca/s an evil     
influ5ce t makes ! lips ( lov]s 'lurid' 
or pale4 ,x only becomes a ?+ ( delight 

:5 ,"t is be+ borne to 8 tomb 9 et]nity1
 = !n ! _s ( ! ,e>?1 man's procreant    
m9d1 fills x ) 8 own joy\sness4 ,he     
describes ! _s ( ! ,e>? & ( ! ,moon1    
mov+ above ! rivulet ( _! lives 9 a     
passage :i* reads l a half-und]/ood     
vision4 ,man has become '"o h>moni\s s\l
 ( _m a s\l' & 'all ?+s fl[ to all' &   
'famili> acts are beautiful ?r\gh love1'
 & an 'animation ( delight' at ?is *ange
 fl[s f _s to _s till ! sn[ 'is loos5$ f
 ! ,moon's lifeless m\nta9s4'  ,"s old  
magical writ]1 ,i =get :o1 says if y wi%
 to be melan*oly hold 9 y\r left h& an  
image ( ! ,moon made out ( silv]1 & if y
 wi% to be happy hold 9 y\r "r h& an    
image ( ! ,sun made out ( gold4 ,! ,sun 
is ! symbol ( s5sitive life1 & ( belief 
& joy & pride & en]gy1 ( inde$ ! :ole   
life ( ! w1 & ( t beauty :i* nei!r lures
 f f> (f1 nor becomes beautiful 9 giv+  
itself1 b makes all glad because x is   
beauty4 ,taylor quotes ,proclus z call+ 
x '! ,demiurgos ( ev]y?+ s5sible4' ,x 0 
!re=e natural t ,blake1 :o 0 always     

prais+ en]gy1 & all exalt$ ov]fl[+ (    
oneself1 & :o ?\ght art an impassion$   
lab\r to keep m5 f d\bt & despond5cy1 & 
woman's love an evil1 :5 x w\ld trammel 
! man's w1 %\ld see ! poetic g5ius n 9 a
 woman /> b 9 ! ,sun1 & %\ld rejoice    
?r\gh\t 8 poetry 9 '! ,sun 9 8 /r5g?4'  
,%elley1 h[ev]1 except :5 he uses x to  
describe ! peculi> beauty ( ,emilia     
,viviani1 :o 0 'l an inc>nation ( ! ,sun
 :5 light is *ang$ to love1' saw x )    
less fri5dly eyes4 ,he seems to h se5 x 
) p]fect happ9ess only :5 veil$ 9 mi/1  
or glimm]+ ^u wat]1 or :5 fa9t en\gh to 
d no m ?an veil ! brightness ( 8 own    
,/>2 & 9 ,! ,triumph ( ,life1 ! "o poem 
9 :i* x is "p ( ! av[$ symbolism1 its   
p[] is ! be+ & ! s\rce ( all tyrannies4 
,:5 ! woman p]sonify+ ! ,morn+ ,/> has  
fad$ f be=e 8 eyes1 ,r\sseau sees a 'new
 vision' 9 'a cold bright c>' ) a ra9b[ 
hov]+ ov] h]1 & z %e comes ! %ad[ passes
 f 'leaf & /one1' & ! s\ls %e has       
enslav$ seem 9 't light l atomies to    
dance )9 a sunbeam1' or !y dance among !

 fl[]s t gr[ up newly '9 ! grassy v]dure
 ( ! des]t1' unm9dful ( ! mis]y t is to 
come ^u !m4 ',^! are ! great1 !         
un=gott51' all :o h worn 'mitres & helms
 & cr[ns or wrea?s ( light1' & yet h n  
kn[n !mselves4 ,ev5 'great ,plato' is   
!re because he knew joy & sorr[1 because
 life t c\ld n subdue him by gold or    
pa91 by 'age or slo? or slav]y1' subdu$ 
him by love4 ,all :o h ev] liv$ are !re 
except ,*ri/ & ,socrates & '! sacr$ few'
 :o put away all life c\ld give1 be+    
d\btless foll[]s ?r\gh\t _! lives ( !   
=ms borne by ! fly+ ideal1 or :o1 'z    
soon z !y _h t\*$ ! _w ) liv+ flame1    
flew back l eagles to _! native noon4'  
,9 anci5t times1 x seems to me t ,blake1
 :o = all 8 prote/ 0 glad to be alive1 &
 ev] spoke ( 8 gladness1 w\ld h wor%ipp$
 9 "s *apel ( ! ,sun1 & t ,keats1 :o    
accept$ life gladly ?\gh ') a delici\s  
dilig5t indol5ce1' w\ld h wor%ipp$ 9 "s 
*apel ( ! ,moon1 b t ,%elley1 :o hat$   
life because he s\ght 'm 9 life ?an any 
und]/ood1' w\ld h w&]$1 lo/ 9 a         

ceaseless rev]ie1 9 "s *apel ( ! ,/> (  
inf9ite desire4  ,i ?9k too t z he knelt
 be=e an alt>1 :]e a ?9 flame burnt 9 a 
lamp made ( gre5 agate1 a s+le vision   
w\ld h come to him aga9 & aga91 a vision
 ( a boat drift+ d[n a broad riv] betwe5
 high hills :]e !re 7 caves & t[]s1 &   
foll[+ ! light ( "o ,/>2 & t voices w\ld
 h told him h[ !re is = e man "s "o     
sc5e1 "s "o adv5ture1 "s "o picture t is
 ! image ( 8 secret life1 = wisdom fir/ 
speaks 9 images1 & t ?is "o image1 if he
 w\ld b brood ov] x 8 life long1 w\ld   
lead 8 s\l1 dis5tangl$ f unmean+        
circum/ance & ! ebb & fl[ ( ! _w1 into t
 f> h\sehold1 :]e ! undy+ gods await all
 ^: s\ls h become simple z flame1 ^:    
bodies h become quiet z an agate lamp4  
,b he 0 born 9 a day :5 ! old wisdom _h 
vani%$ & 0 cont5t m]ely to write v]ses1 
& (t5 ) little ?\ght ( m ?an v]ses4     
#aijj4     ,,at ,,/rat=d-,,on-,,avon    
,i  ,i h be5 he>+ ,%akespe>e1 z !       
travell] 9 ,news f ,n[h]e might h he>d  
him1 _h he n be5 hurri$ back into our   

noisy "t4 ,"o passes ?r\gh quiet /reets1
 :]e gabl$ & r$-til$ h\ses rememb] !    
,middle ,age1 to a !atre t has be5 made 
n to make money1 b = ! pleasure ( mak+  
x1 l ! m>ket h\ses t set ! travell]     
*uckl+2 nor does "o f9d x among hurry+  
cabs & r++ pavem5ts1 b 9 a gre5 g>d5 by 
a riv] side4 ,inside ,i h to be cont5t =
 a :ile ) a *air1 = ,i am unexpect$1 &  
!re is n an empty seat b ?is2 & yet !re 
is no "o :o has come m]ely because "o   
mu/ g some:]e aft] d9n]4 ,all day1 too1 
"o does n he> or see an incongru\s or   
noisy ?+1 b sp5ds ! h\rs read+ ! plays1 
& ! wise & fooli% ?+s m5 h said ( !m1 9 
! libr>y ( ! !atre1 ) its oak-panell$   
walls & lead$ w9d[s ( t9t$ glass2 or "o 
r[s by re$y banks & by old f>mh\ses1 &  
by old *ur*es among great trees4 ,x is  
c]ta9ly "o's fault if "o op5s a         
newspap]1 = ,mr4 ,b5son gives "o a new  
play e night1 & "o ne$ talk ( no?+ b !  
play 9 ! inn-p>l\r1 "u ! oak beams      
black5$ by "t & %[+ ! m>k ( ! adze t    
%ap$ !m4 ,i h se5 ?is week ,k+ ,john1   

,ri*>d ,,ii41 ! second "p ( ,h5ry ,,iv41
 ,h5ry ,v41 ! second "p ( ,h5ry ,,vi41 &
 ,ri*>d ,,iii4 play$ 9 _! "r ord]1 ) all
 ! l9ks t b9d play to play unbrok52 &   
p>tly because ( a _s 9 ! place1 & p>tly 
because ( ! way play supports play1 !   
!atre has mov$ me z x has nev] done     
be=e4 ,t /range procession ( k+s &      
que5s1 ( w>r+ nobles1 ( insurg5t cr[ds1 
( c\rti]s1 & ( p ( ! gutt] has be5 to me
 almo/ too visible1 too audible1 too    
full ( an une>?ly en]gy4 ,i h felt z ,i 
h sometimes felt on grey days on !      
,galway %ore1 :5 a fa9t mi/ has hung ov]
 ! grey sea & ! grey /ones1 z if ! _w   
might sudd5ly vani% & leave no?+ beh9d1 
n ev5 a little du/ "u "o's feet4 ,! p my
 m9d's eye has se5 h too mu* ( !        
extravagance ( dreams1 l all ! inv5tions
 ( art be=e our cr[d$ life _h br\ght    
mod]ation & compromise1 to seem m ?an a 
dream1 & yet all else has gr[n dim be=e 
!m4  ,9 ,london ! fir/ man "o meets puts
 any high dream out ( "o's head1 = he w 
talk to "o ( some?+ at once vapid &     

excit+1 "s "o ( ^? _m subjects ( ?\ght t
 build up our social unity4 ,b "h he    
gives back "o's dream l a mirror4 ,if we
 d n talk ( ! plays1 we talk ( ! !atre1 
& h[ m p may be got to come1 & our      
isolation f common ?+s makes ! future   
become gr&iose & important4 ,"o man     
tells h[ ! !atre & ! libr>y 7 at _!     
f\ndation b "p ( a s*eme ! future is to 
fulfil4 ,to !m w be add$ a s*ool :]e    
spee*1 & ge/ure1 & f5c+1 & all else t an
 actor ne$s w be taught1 & ! c\ncil1 :i*
 w h enl>g$ its ,fe/ivals to "s six     
weeks1 w engage all ! *ief play]s (     
,%akespe>e1 & p]haps ( o!r great        
dramati/s 9 ?is & o!r c\ntries4 ,^! *ief
 play]s w ne$ to br+ b few ( _!         
support]s1 = ! s*ool w be able to fill  
all ! less] p>ts ) play]s :o are sl[ly  
recov]+ ! lo/ tradition ( musical spee*4
 ,ano!r man is c]ta9 t ! ,fe/ival1 ev5  
)\t ! s*ool1 :i* w\ld require a new     
end[m5t1 w gr[ 9 importance ye> by ye>1 
& t x may become ) fav\r+ *ance !       
supreme dramatic ev5t ( ! _w2 & :5 ,i   

sugge/ t x may help to break ! evil     
pre/ige ( ,london he becomes en?usia/ic4
  ,surely a bitt] hatr$ ( ,london is    
becom+ a m>k ( ^? t love ! arts1 & all t
 h ?is hatr$ %\ld help any?+ t looks l a
 beg9n+ ( a c5tre ( art else:]e4 ,!     
eas9ess ( travel1 :i* is always gr[+1   
began by empty+ ! c\ntry1 b x may end by
 fill+ x2 = adv5tures l ?is (           
,/rat=d-on-,avon %[ t p are ready to    
j\rney f all p>ts ( ,engl& & ,scotl& &  
,irel&1 & ev5 f ,am]ica1 to live ) _!   
fav\rite art z %ut away f ! _w z ?\gh !y
 7 '9 retreat1' z ,ca?olics say4 ,nobody
 b an impressioni/ pa9t]1 :o hides x 9  
light & mi/1 ev5 pret5ds to love a /reet
 = its own sake2 & c\ld we meet our     
fri5ds & he> music & poetry 9 ! c\ntry1 
none ( u t are n captive w\ld ev] leave 
! ?ru%es4 ,9 ,london1 we he> some?+ t we
 l "s twice or ?rice 9 a w9t]1 & among p
 :o are ?9k+ ! :ile ( a music-hall s+]  
or ( a memb] ( p>liam5t1 b !re we w\ld  
he> x & see x among p :o lik$ x well    
en\gh to h travell$ "s few h\rs to f9d  

x2 & because ^? :o c>e = ! arts h few   
ne> fri5d%ips among ^? t d n1 we w\ld   
he> & see x among ne> fri5ds4 ,we w\ld  
escape1 too1 f ^? artificial ta/es &    
int]e/s we cultivate1 t we may h some?+ 
to talk ab\t among p we meet = a few    
m9utes & n aga91 & ! arts w\ld gr[ s]i\s
 z ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts4   ,,ii  ,i d n ?9k 
!re is any?+ ,i dislik$ 9 ,/rat=d1      
beside c]ta9 new h\ses1 b ! %ape ( !    
!atre2 & z a l>g] !atre mu/ be built    
soon] or lat]1 t w\ld be no great matt] 
if "o c\ld put a wis] %ape into         
somebody's head4 ,i _c ?9k !re is any   
excuse = a half-r\nd !atre1 :]e l& is n 
exp5sive1 or no v great audi5ce to be   
seat$ )9 e>%ot ( ! /age2 or t x 0 adopt$
 = a bett] reason ?an because x has come
 d[n to u1 ?\gh f a "t :5 ! art ( ! /age
 0 a diff]5t art4 ,! ,elizabe?an !atre 0
 a half-r\nd1 because ! play]s 7 cont5t 
to speak _! l9es on a plat=m1 z if !y 7 
speak]s at a public meet+1 & we g on    
build+ 9 ! same %ape1 al?\gh our art ( !
 /age is ! art ( mak+ a succession (    

pictures4 ,7 our !atres ( ! %ape ( a    
half-clos$ fan1 l ,wagn]'s !atre1 :]e ! 
audi5ce sit on seats t rise t[>ds !     
broad end :ile ! play is play$ at ! n>r[
 end1 _! pictures c\ld be compos$ = eyes
 at a small numb] ( po9ts ( view1 in/ead
 ( = eyes at _m po9ts ( view1 above &   
bel[ & at ! sides1 & :at is no bett] ?an
 a trade might become an art4 ,) ! eyes 
wat*+ f ! sides ( a half-r\nd1 on !     
floor & 9 ! boxes & gall]ies1 w\ld g !  
solid-built h\ses & ! flat trees t %ake 
) e brea? ( air2 & we c\ld make our     
pictures ) robes t contra/$ ) great     
masses ( col\r 9 ! back clo? & su* sev]e
 or decorative =ms ( hills & trees &    
h\ses z w\ld n ov]:elm1 z our           
naturali/ic sc5]y does1 ! ideali/ic art 
( ! poet1 & all at a little price4      
,naturali/ic sc5e-pa9t+ is n an art1 b a
 trade1 because x is1 at be/1 an attempt
 to copy ! m obvi\s effects ( nature by 
! me?ods ( ! ord9>y l&scape-pa9t]1 & by 
8 me?ods made co>se & summ>y4 ,x is b   
fla%y l&scape-pa9t+ & l[]s ! ta/e x     

appeals to1 = ! ta/e x appeals to has   
be5 =m$ by a m delicate art4 ,decorative
 sc5e-pa9t+ w\ld be1 on ! o!r h&1 z     
insep>able f ! movem5ts z f ! robes ( ! 
play]s & f ! fall+ ( ! light2 & be+ 9   
itself a grave & quiet ?+ x w\ld m+le ) 
! tones ( ! voices & ) ! s5tim5t ( !    
play1 )\t ov]:elm+ !m "u an ali5 int]e/4
 ,x w\ld be a new & legitimate art      
appeal+ to a ta/e =m$ by itself & copy+ 
no?+ b itself4 ,mr4 ,gordon ,craig us$  
sc5]y ( ?is k9d at ! ,purcell ,society  
p]=mance ! o!r day1 & despite "s m>r+ ( 
8 effects by ! half-r\nd %ape ( ! !atre1
 x 0 ! fir/ beautiful sc5]y our /age has
 se54 ,he creat$ an ideal c\ntry :]e    
ev]y?+ 0 possible1 ev5 speak+ 9 v]se1 or
 speak+ 9 music1 or ! expression ( !    
:ole ( life 9 a dance1 & ,i w\ld l to   
see ,/rat=d-on-,avon decorate its       
,%akespe>e ) l sc5]y4 ,z we _c1 x seems1
 g back to ! plat=m & ! curta91 & !     
argum5t = do+ s is n )\t weight1 we c   
only get rid ( ! s5se ( unreality1 :i*  
mo/ ( u feel :5 we li/5 to ! conv5tional

 spee* ( ,%akespe>e1 by mak+ sc5]y z    
conv5tional4 ,"t aft] "t 8 p use at "s  
mom5t ( deep emotion an elaborate or    
delib]ate metaphor1 or d "s improbable  
?+ :i* breaks an emotion ( reality we h 
impos$ ^u him by an art t is n 81 nor 9 
! _s ( 84 ,x also is an ess5tial "p ( 8 
me?od to give slight or obscure motives 
( _m actions t our att5tion may dwell on
 :at is ( *ief importance1 & we set ^!  
cl\dy actions among solid-look+ h\ses1 &
 :at we hope are solid-look+ trees1 &   
illusion comes to an end1 sla9 by our   
desire to increase x4 ,9 8 art1 z 9 all 
! old] art ( ! _w1 !re 0 mu*            
make-believe1 & our sc5]y1 too1 %\ld    
rememb] ! "t :51 z my nurse us$ to tell 
me1 h]ons built _! ne/s 9 old m5's      
be>ds6 ,mr4 ,b5son did n v5ture to play 
! sc5e 9 ,ri*>d ,,iii4 :]e ! gho/s walk1
 z ,%akespe>e wrote x1 b _h 8 sc5]y be5 
z simple z ,mr4 ,gordon ,craig's purple 
back clo? t made ,dido & neas seem w&]+ 
on ! edge ( et]nity1 he w\ld h f\nd no?+
 absurd 9 pit*+ ! t5ts ( ,ri*>d &       

,ri*mond side by side4 ,goe! has said1  
',art is art1 because x is n nature6' ,x
 br+s u ne> to ! ar*etypal ideas        
!mselves1 & away f nature1 :i* is b _!  
look+-glass4   ,,iii  ,9 ,la ,peau de   
,*agr9 ,balzac sp5ds _m pages 9 describ+
 a coquette1 :o seems ! image (         
he>tlessness1 & !n inv5ts an improbable 
incid5t t h] *ief victim may discov] h[ 
beautifully %e c s+4 ,nobody _h ev] he>d
 h] s+1 & yet 9 h] s++1 & 9 h] *att] )  
h] maid1 ,balzac tells u1 0 h] true     
self4 ,he w\ld h u und]/& t beh9d !     
mom5t>y self1 :i* acts & lives 9 ! _w1 &
 is subject to ! judgm5t ( ! _w1 !re is 
t :i* _c be call$ be=e any mortal       
,judgm5t seat1 ev5 ?\gh a great poet1 or
 noveli/1 or philosoph] be sitt+ ^u x4  
,great lit]ature has always be5 writt5 9
 a l _s1 & is1 inde$1 ! ,=giv5ess ( ,s91
 & :5 we f9d x becom+ ! ,accusation (   
,s91 z 9 ,george ,eliot1 :o plucks h]   
,tito 9 pieces ) z mu* assurance z if he
 _h be5 clockwork1 lit]ature has begun  
to *ange into some?+ else4 ,george      

,eliot _h a fi]c5ess "o h>dly f9ds b 9 a
 woman turn$ argum5tative1 b ! habit (  
m9d h] fi]c5ess gave its life to 0      
*>act]i/ic ( h] c5tury1 & is ! habit (  
m9d ( ! ,%akespe>ian critics4 ,!y & %e  
grew up 9 a c5tury ( utilit>ianism1 :5  
no?+ ab\t a man seem$ important except 8
 utility to ! ,/ate1 & no?+ s useful to 
! ,/ate z ! actions ^: effect c be      
weigh$ by ! reason4 ,! de$s (           
,coriolanus1 ,hamlet1 ,timon1 ,ri*>d    
,,ii4 _h no obvi\s use1 71 inde$1 no m  
?an ! expression ( _! p]sonalities1 & s 
x 0 ?\ght ,%akespe>e 0 accus+ !m1 &     
tell+ u to be c>eful le/ we des]ve ! l  
accusations4 ,x did n occur to ! critics
 t y _c "k a man f 8 actions1 because y 
_c wat* him 9 e k9d ( circum/ance1 & t  
m5 are made useless to ! ,/ate z (t5 by 
abundance z by empt9ess1 & t a man's    
bus9ess may at times be revelation1 & n 
re=mation4 ,=t9bras 01 x is likely      
en\gh1 a bett] ,k+ ?an ,hamlet w\ld h   
be51 ,aufidius 0 a m reasonable man ?an 
,coriolanus1 ,h5ry ,v4 0 a bett]        

man-at-arms ?an ,ri*>d ,,ii41 b aft]    
all1 7 n ^? o!rs :o *ang$ no?+ = ! bett]
 & _m ?+s = ! worse great] 9 ! ,div9e   
,hi]>*ies8 ,blake has said t '! ro>+ (  
lions1 ! h[l+ ( wolves1 ! rag+ ( ! /ormy
 sea1 & ! de/ructive sword are portions 
( ,et]nity1 too great = ! eye ( man1' b 
,blake belong$ by "r to ! ages ( ,fai?1 
& ?\ght ! ,/ate ( less mom5t ?an !      
,div9e ,hi]>*ies4 ,because reason c only
 discov] completely ! use ( ^? obvi\s   
actions :i* ev]ybody admires1 & because 
e "* 0 to be judg$ by effici5cy 9       
action1 ,%akespe>ian criticism became a 
vulg> wor%ipp] ( ,success4 ,i h turn$   
ov] _m books 9 ! libr>y at              
,/rat=d-on-,avon1 & ,i h f\nd 9 ne>ly   
all an anti!sis1 :i* grew 9 cle>ness &  
viol5ce z ! c5tury grew old]1 betwe5 two
 types1 ^: repres5tatives 7 ,ri*>d      
,,ii41 's5tim5tal1' 'weak1' 'selfi%1'   
'ins9c]e1' & ,h5ry ,v41 ',%akespe>e's   
only h]o4' ,^! books took ! same delight
 9 abas+ ,ri*>d ,,ii4 t s*ool-boys d 9  
p]secut+ "s boy ( f9e temp]am5t1 :o has 

weak muscles & a di/a/e = s*ool games4  
,& !y _h ! admiration = ,h5ry ,v4 t     
s*ool-boys h = ! sailor or soldi] h]o ( 
a romance 9 "s boys' pap]4 ,i _c claim  
any m9ute k ( ^! books1 b ,i ?9k t ^!   
emotions began among ! ,g]man critics1  
:o p]haps saw some?+ ,fr5* & ,lat9 9    
,ri*>d ,,ii41 & ,i "k t ,pr(essor ,d[d51
 ^: book ,i once read c>efully1 fir/    
made ^! emotions eloqu5t & plausible4   
,he liv$ 9 ,irel&1 :]e ev]y?+ has fail$1
 & he m$itat$ frequ5tly ^u ! p]fection (
 "* :i* _h1 he ?\ght1 made ,engl&       
successful1 =1 z we say1 'c[s beyond !  
wat] h long horns4' ,he =got t ,engl&1 z
 ,gordon has said1 0 made by h]         
adv5tur]s1 by h] p ( wildness &         
imag9ation & ecc5tricity2 & ?\ght t     
,h5ry ,v41 :o only seem$ to be ^! ?+s   
because he _h "s commonplace vices1 0 n 
only ! typical ,anglo-,saxon1 b ! model 
,%akespe>e held up be=e ,engl&2 & he ev5
 ?\ght x wor? :ile po9t+ out t          
,%akespe>e himself 0 mak+ a l>ge =tune  
:ile he 0 writ+ ab\t ,h5ry's victories4 

,9 ,pr(essor ,d[d5's successors ?is     
apo!osis w5t fur!r2 & x rea*$ its height
 at a mom5t ( imp]iali/ic en?usiasm1 (  
ev]-deep5+ conviction t ! commonplace   
%all inh]it ! e>?1 :5 somebody (        
reputation1 ^: "n ,i _c rememb]1 wrote t
 ,%akespe>e admir$ ?is "o "* alone out (
 all 8 *>act]s4 ,! ,accusation ( ,s9    
produc$ its necess>y fruit1 hatr$ ( all 
t 0 abundant1 extravagant1 exub]ant1 (  
all t sets a sail = %ipwreck1 & flatt]y 
( ! commonplace emotions & conv5tional  
ideals ( ! mob1 ! *ief ,payma/] (       
accusation4   ,,iv  ,i _c believe t     
,%akespe>e look$ on 8 ,ri*>d ,,ii4 ) any
 b sympa!tic eyes1 und]/&+ inde$ h[     
ill-fitt$ he 0 to be ,k+1 at a c]ta9    
mom5t ( hi/ory1 b und]/&+ t he 0 lovable
 & full ( caprici\s fancy1 'a wild      
creature' z ,pat] has call$ him4 ,! man 
on :om ,%akespe>e modell$ him _h be5    
full ( ,fr5* elegancies1 z he knew f    
,holl+%ead1 & _h giv5 life a new luxury1
 a new spl5d\r1 & be5 'too fri5dly' to 8
 fri5ds1 'too fav\rable' to 8 enemies4  

,& c]ta9ly ,%akespe>e _h ^! ?+s 9 8 head
 :5 he made 8 ,k+ fail1 a little because
 he lack$ "s qualities t 7 d\btless     
common among 8 scullions1 b m because he
 _h c]ta9 qualities t are uncommon 9 all
 ages4 ,to suppose t ,%akespe>e pref]r$ 
! m5 :o depos$ 8 ,k+ is to suppose t    
,%akespe>e judg$ m5 ) ! eyes ( a        
,municipal ,c\ncillor weigh+ ! m]its ( a
 ,t[n ,cl]k2 & t _h he be5 by :5 ,v]la9e
 cri$ out f 8 b$1 ',sir1 y h be5 made by
 ! /roke ( a p51 b ,i h be5 made by !   
brea? ( ,god1' he w\ld h ?\ght !        
,hospital ,sup]9t5d5t ! bett] man4 ,he  
saw inde$1 z ,i ?9k1 9 ,ri*>d ,,ii4 !   
defeat t awaits all1 :e!r !y be ,arti/  
or ,sa9t1 :o f9d !mselves :]e m5 ask (  
!m a r\gh en]gy & h no?+ to give b "s   
contemplative virtue1 :e!r lyrical      
phantasy1 or sweetness ( temp]1 or      
dreamy dignity1 or love ( ,god1 or love 
( ,8 creatures4 ,he saw t su* a man     
?r\gh %e] bewild]m5t & impati5ce c      
become z unju/ or z viol5t z any common 
man1 any ,bol+broke or ,pr9ce ,john1 &  

yet rema9 't sweet lovely rose4' ,!     
c\rtly & sa9tly ideals ( ! ,middle ,ages
 7 fad+1 & ! practical ideals ( ! mod]n 
age _h begun to ?reat5 ! unuseful dome (
 ! sky2 ,m]ry ,engl& 0 fad+1 & yet x 0 n
 s fad$ t ! ,poets c\ld n wat* !        
procession ( ! _w ) t untr\bl$ sympa?y =
 m5 z !y are1 z ap>t f all !y d & seem1 
:i* is ! sub/ance ( tragic irony4       
,%akespe>e c>$ little = ! ,/ate1 ! s\rce
 ( all our judgm5ts1 ap>t f its %[s &   
spl5d\rs1 its turmoils & battles1 its   
flam+s out ( ! unciviliz$ he>t4 ,he did 
inde$ ?9k x wrong to ov]turn a ,k+1 &   
!reby to swamp peace 9 civil w>1 & !    
hi/orical plays f ,h5ry ,,iv4 to ,ri*>d 
,,iii41 t mon/r\s bir? & la/ sign ( !   
wra? ( ,heav51 are a fulfilm5t ( !      
prophecy ( ! ,bi%op ( ,c>lisle1 :o 0    
'rais$ up by ,god' to make x2 b he _h no
 nice s5se ( utilities1 no ready balance
 to measure de$s1 l t f9e in/rum5t1 )   
all ! late/ improvem5ts1 ,g]v9us &      
,pr(essor ,d[d5 h&le s skilfully4 ,he   
m$itat$ z ,solomon1 n z ,b5?am m$itat$1 

^u bl9d ambitions1 unt[>d accid5ts1 &   
caprici\s passions1 & ! _w 0 almo/ z    
empty 9 8 eyes z x mu/ be 9 ! eyes (    
,god4    ',tir$ ) all ^!1 = re/ful dea? 
,i cry2--     ,z1 to behold des]t a     
begg> born1   ,& ne$y no?+ trimm'd 9    
jollity1     ,& pure/ fai? unhappily    
=sworn1   ,& gild$ hon\r %amefully      
misplac$1     ,& maid5 virtue rudely    
/rumpet$1   ,& "r p]fection wrongfully  
disgrac'd1     ,& /r5g? by limp+ sway   
disabl$1   ,& ,art made tongue-ti$ by   
au?ority1     ,& folly1 doctor-l1       
controll+ skill1   ,& simple tru?       
miscall$ simplicity1     ,& captive good
 att5d+ capta9 ill3   ,tir$ ) all ^!1 f 
^! w\ld ,i begone   ,save t1 to die1 ,i 
leave my love alone4'   ,v  ,! ,greeks1 
a c]ta9 s*ol> has told me1 consid]$ t   
my?s are ! activities ( ! ,dmons1 & t ! 
,dmons %ape our *>act]s & our lives4 ,i 
h (t5 _h ! fancy t !re is "s "o ,my? = e
 man1 :i*1 if we b knew x1 w\ld make u  
und]/& all he did & ?\ght4 ,%akespe>e's 
,my?1 x may be1 describes a wise man :o 

0 bl9d f v wisdom1 & an empty man :o    
?ru/ him f 8 place1 & saw all t c\ld be 
se5 f v empt9ess4 ,x is 9 ! /ory (      
,hamlet1 :o saw too great issues ev]y:]e
 to play ! trivial game ( life1 & (     
,=t9bras1 :o came f fight+ battles ab\t 
'a little pat* ( gr\nd' s poor t "o ( 8 
,capta9s w\ld n give 'six ducats' to    
'f>m x1' & :o 0 yet acclaim$ by ,hamlet 
& by all z ! only befitt+ ,k+4 ,& x is 9
 ! /ory ( ,ri*>d ,,ii41 t unrip5$       
,hamlet1 & ( ,h5ry ,v41 t rip5$         
,=t9bras4 ,to poise "* aga9/ "* 0 an    
elem5t 9 ,%akespe>e's art1 & sc>cely a  
play is lack+ 9 *>act]s t are !         
complem5t ( "o ano!r1 & s1 hav+ made !  
vessel ( porcela9 ,ri*>d ,,ii41 he _h to
 make ! vessel ( clay ,h5ry ,v4 ,he     
makes him ! rev]se ( all t ,ri*>d 04 ,he
 has ! gross vices1 ! co>se n]ves1 ( "o 
:o is to rule among viol5t p1 & he is s 
little 'too fri5dly' to 8 fri5ds t he   
bundles !m out ( doors :5 _! "t is ov]4 
,he is z remorseless & undi/+ui%$ z "s  
natural =ce1 & ! f9e/ ?+ 9 8 play is !  

way 8 old companions fall out ( x       
brok5-he>t$ or on _! way to ! gall[s2 & 
in/ead ( t lyricism :i* rose out (      
,ri*>d's m9d l ! jet ( a f\nta9 to fall 
aga9 :]e x _h ris51 in/ead ( t phantasy 
too enfold$ 9 its own s9c]ity to make   
any ?\ght ! h\r _h ne$ (1 ,%akespe>e has
 giv5 him a res\nd+ rhetoric t moves m51
 z a lead+ article does to-day4 ,8      
purposes are s intelligible to ev]ybody 
t ev]ybody talks ( him z if he succe$$1 
al?\gh he fails 9 ! end1 z all m5 great 
& little fail 9 ,%akespe>e1 & yet 8     
conque/s abroad are made no?+ by a woman
 turn$ w>rior1 & t boy he & ,ka!r9e 7 to
 'comp\nd1' 'half ,fr5*1 half ,engli%1' 
't' 0 to 'g to ,con/ant9ople & take !   
,turk by ! be>d1' turns out a ,sa9t1 &  
loses all 8 fa!r _h built up at home & 8
 own life4  ,%akespe>e wat*$ ,h5ry ,v4 n
 inde$ z he wat*$ ! great] s\ls 9 !     
vision>y procession1 b *e]fully1 z "o   
wat*es "s h&some spirit$ horse1 & he    
spoke 8 tale1 z he spoke all tales1 )   
tragic irony4   ,,vi  ,! five plays1 t  

are b "o play1 h1 :5 play$ "o aft]      
ano!r1 some?+ extravagant & sup]human1  
some?+ almo/ my?ological4 ,^? nobles )  
_! indiff]5ce to dea? & _! imm5se en]gy 
seem at times no ne>] ! common /ature ( 
m5 ?an d ! ,gods & ! h]oes ( ,greek     
plays4 ,_h !re be5 no ,r5aissance & no  
,italian influ5ce to br+ 9 ! /ories (   
o!r l&s ,engli% hi/ory w\ld1 x may be1 h
 become z important to ! ,engli%        
imag9ation z ! ,greek ,my?s to ! ,greek 
imag9ation2 & _m plays by _m poets w\ld 
h wov5 x into a s+le /ory ^: cont\rs1   
va/ z ^? ( ,greek my?1 w\ld h made liv+ 
m5 & wom5 seem l swall[s build+ _! ne/s 
"u ! ar*itrave ( "s ,temple ( ! ,giants4
 ,engli% lit]ature1 because x w\ld h    
gr[n out ( itself1 might h _h !         
simplicity & unity ( ,greek lit]ature1 =
 ,i c nev] get out ( my head t no man1  
ev5 ?\gh he be ,%akespe>e1 c write      
p]fectly :5 8 web is wov5 ( ?reads t h  
be5 spun 9 _m l&s4 ,& yet1 c\ld ^? =eign
 tales h come 9 if ! great fam9e1 ! s9k+
 d[n ( popul> imag9ation1 ! dy+ out (   

traditional phantasy1 ! ebb+ out ( !    
en]gy ( race1 _h n made !m necess>y8 ,! 
metaphors & language ( ,euphuism1       
comp\nd$ ( ! natural hi/ory & my?ology (
 ! classics1 7 d\btless a necessity     
also1 t some?+ might be p\r$ into !     
empt9ess4 ,yet h[ !y injur$ ! simplicity
 & unity ( ! spee*6 ,%akespe>e wrote at 
a "t :5 solit>y great m5 7 ga!r+ to     
!mselves ! fire t _h once fl[$ hi!r &   
?i!r among all m51 :5 individualism 9 "w
 & ?\ght & emotion 0 break+ up ! old    
rhy?ms ( life1 :5 ! common p1 no long]  
uplift$ by ! my?s ( ,*ri/ianity & ( /ill
 old] fai?s1 7 s9k+ into ! e>?4  ,! p ( 
,/rat=d-on-,avon h rememb]$ little ab\t 
him1 & inv5t$ no leg5d to 8 glory4 ,!y h
 rememb]$ a dr9k+-b\t ( 81 & inv5t$ "s  
bad v]ses = him1 & t is ab\t all4 ,_h he
 be5 "s h>d-dr9k+1 h>d-liv+1 h>d-rid+1  
l\d-blasphem+ ,squire !y w\ld h enl>g$ 8
 fame by a leg5d ( 8 deal+s ) ! devil2 b
 9 8 day ! glory ( a ,poet1 l t ( all   
o!r imag9ative p[]s1 _h ceas$1 or almo/ 
ceas$ outside a n>r[ class4 ,! poor     

,gaelic rhym] leaves a nobl] memory     
among 8 neighb\rs1 :o w talk ( ,angels  
/&+ l flames ab\t 8 dea?-b$1 & ( voices 
speak+ out ( bramble-bu%es t he may h ! 
wisdom ( ! _w4 ,! ,puritanism t drove ! 
!atres into ,surrey 0 b "p ( an         
inexplicable movem5t t 0 trampl+ out !  
m9ds ( all b "s few ?\s&s born to       
cultivat$ ease4  ,may #aija4            
,,william ,,blake ,,& ,,! ,,imag9ation  
,!re h be5 m5 :o lov$ ! future l a      
mi/ress1 & ! future mix$ h] brea? into  
_! brea? & %ook h] hair ab\t !m1 & hid  
!m f ! und]/&+ ( _! times4 ,william     
,blake 0 "o ( ^! m51 & if he spoke      
confus$ly & obscurely x 0 because he    
spoke ?+s = ^: speak+ he c\ld f9d no    
models 9 ! _w ab\t him4 ,he ann\nc$ !   
religion ( art1 ( :i* no man dream$ 9 ! 
_w ab\t him2 & he und]/ood x m p]fectly 
?an ! ?\s&s ( subtle spirits :o h       
receiv$ its baptism 9 ! _w ab\t u1      
because1 9 ! beg9n+ ( important ?+s--9 !
 beg9n+ ( love1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! day1 9 ! 
beg9n+ ( any "w1 !re is a mom5t :5 we   

und]/& m p]fectly ?an we und]/& aga9    
until all is f9i%$4 ,9 8 "t educat$ p   
believ$ t !y amus$ !mselves ) books (   
imag9ation b t !y 'made _! s\ls' by     
li/5+ to s]mons & by do+ or by n do+    
c]ta9 ?+s4 ,:5 !y _h to expla9 :y s]i\s 
p l !mselves hon\r$ ! great poets       
greatly !y 7 h>d put to x = lack ( good 
reasons4 ,9 our "t we are agre$ t we    
'make our s\ls' out ( "s "o ( ! great   
poets ( anci5t times1 or out ( ,%elley  
or ,wordswor?1 or ,goe! or ,balzac1 or  
,flaub]t1 or ,c\nt ,tol/oy1 9 ! books he
 wrote be=e he became a prophet & fell  
into a less] ord]1 or out ( ,mr4        
,:i/l]'s pictures1 :ile we amuse        
ourselves1 or1 at be/1 make a poor] sort
 ( s\l1 by li/5+ to s]mons or by do+ or 
by n do+ c]ta9 ?+s4 ,we write ( great   
writ]s1 ev5 ( writ]s ^: beauty w\ld once
 h seem$ an unholy beauty1 ) rapt       
s5t5ces l ^? our fa!rs kept = !         
beatitudes & my/]ies ( ! ,*ur*2 & no    
matt] :at we believe ) our lips1 we     
believe ) our he>ts t beautiful ?+s1 z  

,br[n+ said 9 8 "o prose essay t 0 n 9  
v]se1 h 'la9 burn+ly on ! ,div9e h&1' & 
t :5 "t has begun to )]1 ! ,div9e h& w  
fall heavily on bad ta/e & vulg>ity4 ,:5
 no man believ$ ^! ?+s ,william ,blake  
believ$ !m1 & began t prea*+ aga9/ !    
,phili/9e1 :i* is z ! prea*+ ( ! ,middle
 ,ages aga9/ ! ,s>ac54  ,he _h le>n$ f  
,jacob ,boehme & f old al*emi/ writ]s t 
imag9ation 0 ! fir/ emanation ( div9ity1
 '! body ( ,god1' '! ,div9e memb]s1' &  
he drew ! d$uction1 :i* !y did n draw1 t
 ! imag9ative arts 7 !re=e ! greate/ (  
,div9e revelations1 & t ! sympa?y ) all 
liv+ ?+s1 s9ful & righte\s alike1 :i* ! 
imag9ative arts awak51 is t =giv5ess (  
s9s comm&$ by ,*ri/4 ,! reason1 & by !  
reason he meant d$uctions f !           
obs]vations ( ! s5ses1 b9ds u to        
mortality because x b9ds u to ! s5ses1 &
 divides u f ea* o!r by %[+ u our cla%+ 
int]e/s2 b imag9ation divides u f       
mortality by ! immortality ( beauty1 &  
b9ds u to ea* o!r by op5+ ! secret doors
 ( all he>ts4 ,he cri$ aga9 & aga9 t e  

?+ t lives is holy1 & t no?+ is unholy  
except ?+s t d n live--le?>gies1 &      
cruelties1 & timidities1 & t d5ial (    
imag9ation :i* is ! root !y grew f 9 old
 times4 ,passions1 because mo/ liv+1 are
 mo/ holy--& ?is 0 a sc&al\s p>adox 9 8 
"t--& man %all ent] et]nity borne ^u _! 
w+s4  ,& he und]/ood ?is s lit]ally t   
c]ta9 draw+s to ,vala1 _h he c>ri$ !m   
beyond ! fir/ fa9t p5cill+s1 ! fir/ fa9t
 wa%es ( col\r1 w\ld h be5 a pretty     
sc&al to 8 "t & to our "t4 ,! s5sations 
( ?is 'fooli% body1' ?is 'phantom ( !   
e>? & wat]1' 7 9 !mselves b half-liv+   
?+s1 'vegetative' ?+s1 b passion t      
'et]nal glory' made !m a "p ( ! body (  
,god4  ,?is philosophy kept him m simply
 a poet ?an any poet ( 8 "t1 = x made   
him cont5t to express e beautiful feel+ 
t came into 8 head )\t tr\bl+ ab\t its  
utility or *a9+ x to any utility4       
,sometimes "o feels1 ev5 :5 "o is read+ 
poets ( a bett] "t--,t5nyson or         
,wordswor?1 let u say--t !y h tr\bl$ !  
en]gy & simplicity ( _! imag9ative      

passions by ask+ :e!r !y 7 = ! help+ or 
= ! h9drance ( ! _w1 in/ead ( believ+ t 
all beautiful ?+s h 'la9 burn+ly on !   
,div9e h&4' ,b :5 "o reads ,blake1 x is 
z ?\gh ! spray ( an inexhau/ible f\nta9 
( beauty 0 bl[n into our faces1 & n     
m]ely :5 "o reads ! ,songs ( ,innoc5ce1 
or ! lyrics he wi%$ to call ',! ,ideas (
 ,good & ,evil1' b :5 "o reads ^?       
',prophetic ,works' 9 :i* he spoke      
confus$ly & obscurely because he spoke (
 ?+s = ^: speak+ he c\ld f9d no models 9
 ! _w ab\t him4 ,he 0 a symboli/ :o _h  
to inv5t 8 symbols2 & 8 c\nties (       
,engl&1 ) _! correspond5ce to tribes (  
,israel1 & 8 m\nta9s & riv]s1 ) _!      
correspond5ce to p>ts ( a man's body1   
are arbitr>y z "s ( ! symbolism 9 ! ,axl
 ( ! symboli/ ,villi]s ,de ,l',isle     
,adam is arbitr>y1 :ile !y mix          
incongru\s ?+s z ,axl does n4 ,he 0 a   
man cry+ out = a my?ology1 & try+ to    
make "o because he c\ld n f9d "o to 8   
h&4 ,_h he be5 a ,ca?olic ( ,dante's "t 
he w\ld h be5 well cont5t ) ,m>y & !    

angels2 or _h he be5 a s*ol> ( our "t he
 w\ld h tak5 8 symbols :]e ,wagn] took  
81 f ,norse my?ology2 or h foll[$1 ) !  
help ( ,pr(4 ,rhys1 t pa?way into ,wel% 
my?ology :i* he f\nd 9 ',j]usalem'2 or h
 gone to ,irel&--& he 0 probably an     
,iri%man--& *os5 = 8 symbols ! sacr$    
m\nta9s1 along ^: sides ! peasant /ill  
sees en*ant$ fires1 & ! div9ities :i* h 
n fad$ f ! belief1 if !y h fad$ f !     
pray]s ( simple he>ts2 & h spok5 )\t    
mix+ incongru\s ?+s because he spoke (  
?+s t _h be5 long /eep$ 9 emotion2 & h  
be5 less obscure because a traditional  
my?ology /ood on ! ?re%old ( 8 mean+ &  
on ! m>g9 ( 8 sacr$ d>kness4 ,if        
',eni?>mon' _h be5 nam$ ,freia1 or      
,gwydeon1 or ,danu1 & made live 9       
,anci5t ,norway1 or ,anci5t ,wales1 or  
,anci5t ,irel&1 we w\ld h =gott5 t h]   
mak] 0 a my/ic2 & ! hymn ( h] h>p+1 t is
 9 ,vala1 w\ld b h rem9d$ u ( _m anci5t 
hymns4    ',! joy ( woman is ! dea? ( h]
 belov$1   ,:o dies = love ( h]1   ,9   
torm5ts ( fi]ce jeal\sy & pangs (       

adoration4   ,! lov]'s night be>s on my 
song1   ,& ! n9e sph]es rejoice b5ea? my
 p[]ful control4    ,!y s+ unwe>i$ to ! 
notes ( my immortal h&4   ,! solemn1    
sil5t moon   ,rev]b]ates ! long h>mony  
s\nd+ ^u my limbs4   ,! birds & bea/s   
rejoice & play1   ,& e "o seeks = 8 mate
 to prove 8 inmo/ joy4    ,furi\s &     
t]rible !y r5d ! ne!r deep1   ,! deep   
lifts up 8 rugg$ head1   ,& lo/ 9       
inf9ite hov]+ w+s vani%es ) a cry4   ,! 
fad+ cry is ev] dy+1   ,! liv+ voice is 
ev] liv+ 9 its inmo/ joy4'  #ahig4      
,,william ,,blake ,,& ,,8 ,,illu/rations
 ,,to ,,! ,,div9e ,,com$y   ,i4 ,,8     
,,op9ions ,,^u ,,art  ,william ,blake 0 
! fir/ writ] ( mod]n times to prea* !   
indissoluble m>riage ( all great art )  
symbol4 ,!re _h be5 allegori/s & tea*]s 
( allegory 9 pl5ty1 b ! symbolic        
imag9ation1 or1 z ,blake pref]r$ to call
 x1 'vision1' is n allegory1 be+ 'a     
repres5tation ( :at actually exi/s      
really & un*angeably4' ,a symbol is     
inde$ ! only possible expression ( "s   

invisible ess5ce1 a transp>5t lamp ab\t 
a spiritual flame2 :ile allegory is "o (
 _m possible repres5tations ( an embodi$
 ?+1 or famili> pr9ciple1 & belongs to  
fancy & n to imag9ation3 ! "o is a      
revelation1 ! o!r an amusem5t4 ,x is    
happily no "p ( my purpose to exp\nd 9  
detail ! relations he believ$ to exi/   
betwe5 symbol & m9d1 = 9 do+ s ,i %\ld  
come ^u n a few doctr9es :i*1 ?\gh !y h 
n be5 difficult to _m simple p]sons1    
ascetics wrapp$ 9 sk9s1 wom5 :o _h ca/  
away all common k1 peasants dream+ by _!
 %eepfolds ^u ! hills1 are full (       
obscurity to ! man ( mod]n culture2 b x 
is necess>y to j t\* ^u ^! relations1   
because 9 !m 0 ! f\nta9 ( mu* ( !       
practice & ( all ! precept ( 8 arti/ic  
life4  ,if a man w\ld ent] into ',noah's
 ra9b[1' he has writt51 & 'make a fri5d'
 ( "o ( '! images ( wond]' :i* dwell    
!re1 & :i* always entreat him 'to leave 
mortal ?+s1' '!n w\ld he arise f ! grave
 & meet ! ,"l 9 ! air'2 & by ?is ra9b[1 
?is sign ( a cov5ant grant$ to him :o is

 ) ,%em & ,japhet1 'pa9t+1 poetry &     
music1' '! ?ree p[]s 9 man ( conv]s+ )  
,p>adise :i* ! flood ( "t & space did n 
sweep away1' ,blake repres5t$ ! %apes ( 
beauty haunt+ our mom5ts ( inspiration3 
%apes held by mo/ = ! fraile/ ( ephem]a1
 b by him = a p old] ?an ! _w1 citiz5s (
 et]nity1 appe>+ & reappe>+ 9 ! m9ds (  
arti/s & ( poets1 creat+ all we t\* &   
see by ca/+ di/ort$ images ( !mselves ^u
 '! vegetable glass ( nature'2 & because
 be+s1 none ! less symbols1 blossoms1 z 
x 71 gr[+ f invisible immortal roots1   
h&s1 z x 71 po9t+ ! way into "s div9e   
labyr9?4 ,if '! _w ( imag9ation' 0 '! _w
 ( et]nity1' z ?is doctr9e impli$1 x 0 (
 less importance to "k m5 & nature ?an  
to di/+ui% ! be+s & sub/ances (         
imag9ation f ^? ( a m p]i%able k9d1     
creat$ by ! phantasy1 9 un9spir$ mom5ts1
 out ( memory & :im2 & ?is c\ld be/ be  
done by purify+ "o's m9d1 z ) a flame1 9
 /udy ( ! works ( ! great ma/]s1 :o 7   
great because !y _h be5 grant$ by div9e 
fav\r a vision ( ! unfall5 _w f :i* o!rs

 are kept ap>t by ! flam+ sword t turns 
e way2 & by fly+ f ! pa9t]s :o /udi$ '! 
vegetable glass' = its own sake1 & n to 
discov] !re ! %ad[s ( imp]i%able be+s & 
sub/ances1 & :o ent]$ into _! own m9ds1 
n to make ! unfall5 _w a te/ ( all !y   
he>d & saw & felt ) ! s5ses1 b to cov] !
 nak$ _s ) '! rott5 rags ( memory' (    
old] s5sations4 ,! /ruggle ( ! fir/ "p (
 8 life _h be5 to di/+ui% betwe5 ^! two 
s*ools1 & to cleave always to !         
,flor5t9e1 & s to escape ! fasc9ation ( 
^? :o seem$ to him to (f] ! sleep (     
nature to a _s we>y ) ! lab\rs (        
inspiration2 b x 0 only aft] 8 return to
 ,london f ,felpham 9 #ahjd t he f9ally 
escap$ f 'temptations & p]turbations'   
:i* s\ght to de/roy '! imag9ative p[]'  
at '! h&s ( ,v5etian & ,flemi% ,demons4'
 ',! _s ( ,titian'--& "o mu/ always     
rememb] t he _h only se5 poor engrav+s1 
& :at 8 disciple1 ,palm]1 has call$     
'picture-deal]s' ,titians'--'0          
p>ticul>ly active 9 rais+ d\bts conc]n+ 
! possibility ( execut+ )\t a model2 &  

:5 once he _h rais$ ! d\bt x became easy
 = him to snat* away ! vision "t aft]   
"t'2 & ,blake's imag9ation 'weak5$' &   
'd>k5$' until a 'memory ( nature & ( !  
pictures ( v>i\s s*ools possess$ 8 m9d1 
in/ead ( appropriate execution' fl[+ f !
 vision itself4 ,b n[ he wrote1 ',o     
glory1 & ,o delight6 ,i h entirely r$uc$
 t spectr\s fi5d to 8 /ation'--he _h    
ov]come ! m]ely reason+ & s5sual portion
 ( ! m9d--'^: annoyance has be5 ! ru9 ( 
my lab\rs = ! la/ tw5ty ye>s ( my       
life4444 ,i speak ) p]fect confid5ce &  
c]ta9ty ( ! fact :i* has pass$ ^u me4   
,nebu*adnezz> _h sev5 times pass$ ov]   
him1 ,i h _h tw5ty2 ?ank ,god ,i 0 n    
altoge!r a bea/ z he 04444 ,sudd5ly1 on 
! day aft] visit+ ! ,tru*sessian ,gall]y
 ( pictures'--?is 0 a gall]y conta9+    
pictures by ,alb]t ,dr] & by ! great    
,flor5t9es--',i 0 aga9 enlight5$ ) !    
light ,i enjoy$ 9 my y\?1 & :i* _h =    
exactly tw5ty ye>s be5 clos$ f me1 z by 
a door & w9d[ %utt]s4444 ,excuse my     
en?usiasm1 or r madness1 = ,i am really 

drunk ) intellectual vision :5ev] ,i    
take a p5cil or grav] 9 my h&1 z ,i us$ 
to be 9 my y\?4'  ,?is lett] may h be5 !
 expression ( a mom5t's en?usiasm1 b 0 m
 probably root$ 9 "o ( ^? intuitions (  
com+ te*nical p[] :i* e creator feels1 &
 le>ns to rely ^u2 = all 8 greate/ "w 0 
done1 & ! pr9ciples ( 8 art 7 =mulat$1  
aft] ?is date4 ,except a ^w "h & !re1 8 
writ+s hi!rto _h n dealt ) ! pr9ciples (
 art except remotely & by implication2 b
 n[ he wrote mu* ^u !m1 & n 9 obscure   
symbolic v]se1 b 9 emphatic prose1 &    
explicit if n v poetical rhyme4 ,9 8    
,descriptive ,catalogue1 9 ,! ,address  
to ! ,public1 9 ! notes on ,sir ,jo%ua  
,reynolds1 9 ,! ,book ( ,moonlight--(   
:i* "s n v dignifi$ rhymes alone        
rema9--9 beautiful deta*$ passages 9 ,! 
,,ms4 ,book1 he expla9$ spiritual art1 &
 prais$ ! pa9t]s ( ,flor5ce & _!        
influ5ce1 & curs$ all t has come (      
,v5ice & ,holl&4 ,! limitation ( 8 view 
0 f ! v int5sity ( 8 vision2 he 0 a too 
lit]al reali/ ( imag9ation1 z o!rs are (

 nature2 & because he believ$ t !       
figures se5 by ! m9d's eye1 :5 exalt$ by
 inspiration1 7 'et]nal exi/5ces1'      
symbols ( div9e ess5ces1 he hat$ e grace
 ( /yle t might obscure _! l9eam5ts4 ,to
 wrap !m ab\t 9 reflect$ lights 0 to d  
?is1 & to dwell ov]-fondly ^u any       
s(tness ( hair or fle% 0 to dwell ^u t  
:i* 0 lea/ p]man5t & lea/ *>act]i/ic1 = 
',! great & gold5 rule ( art1 z ( life1 
is ?is3 t ! m di/9ct1 %>p & wiry !      
b\nd>y-l9e1 ! m p]fect ! "w ( art2 & !  
less ke5 & %>p1 ! great] is ! evid5ce ( 
weak imitation1 plagi>ism & bungl+4'    
,inspiration 0 to see ! p]man5t &       
*>act]i/ic 9 all =ms1 & if y _h x n1 y  
mu/ ne$s imitate ) a languid m9d ! ?+s y
 saw or rememb]$1 & s s9k into ! sleep (
 nature :]e all is s(t & melt+4 ',great 
inv5tors 9 all ages knew ?is4 ,protog5es
 & ,apelles knew ea* o!r by _! l9e4     
,raphael & ,mi*ael ,angelo & ,alb]t ,dr]
 are kn[n by ?is & ?is alone4 ,h[ d we  
di/+ui% ! owl f ! bea/1 ! horse f ! ox1 
b by ! b\nd+ outl9e8 ,h[ d we di/+ui% "o

 face or c\nt5ance f ano!r b by !       
b\nd+-l9e & its inf9ite inflections &   
movem5ts8 ,:at is x t builds a h\se &   
plants a g>d5 b ! def9ite & det]m9ate8  
,:at is x t di/+ui%$ hone/y f knav]y b !
 h>d & wiry l9e ( rectitude & c]ta9ty 9 
! actions & int5tions8 ,leave out ?is   
l9e & y leave out life itself2 & all is 
*aos aga91 & ! l9e ( ! ,almighty mu/ be 
drawn out ^u x be=e man or bea/ c exi/4'
 ,he ev5 insi/$ t 'col\r+ does n dep5d  
^u :]e ! col\rs are put1 b ^u :]e !     
light & d>k are put1 & all dep5ds ^u !  
=m or outl9e'--mean+1 ,i suppose1 t a   
col\r gets its brilliance or its dep? f 
be+ 9 light or 9 %ad[4 ,he does n mean  
by outl9e ! b\nd+-l9e divid+ a =m f its 
backgr\nd1 z "o ( 8 comm5tators has     
?\ght1 b ! l9e t divides x f surr\nd+   
space1 & unless y h an ov]ma/]+ s5se (  
?is y _c draw true beauty at all1 b only
 '! beauty t is app5d$ to folly1' a     
beauty ( m]e voluptu\s s(tness1 'a      
lam5table accid5t ( ! mortal & p]i%+    
life1' = '! beauty prop] = sublime art  

is l9eam5ts1 or =ms & features capable (
 be+ ! receptacles ( intellect1' & '!   
face or limbs t alt] lea/ f y\? to old  
age are ! face & limbs ( ! greate/      
beauty & p]fection4' ,8 praise ( a sev]e
 art _h be5 beyond price _h 8 age re/$ a
 mom5t to li/51 9 ! mid/ ( its en?usiasm
 = ,correggio & ! lat] ,r5aissance1 =   
,b>tolozzi & = ,/o?>d2 & yet 9 8        
vision>y realism1 & 9 8 en?usiasm = :at1
 aft] all1 is p]haps ! greate/ art1 & a 
necess>y "p ( e picture t is art at all1
 he =got h[ he :o wraps ! vision 9      
lights & %ad[s1 9 iridesc5t or gl[+     
col\r1 hav+ 9 ! mid/ ( 8 lab\r _m little
 visions ( ^! second>y ess5ces1 until =m
 be half lo/ 9 patt]n1 may compel !     
canvas or pap] to become itself a symbol
 ( "s n indef9ite because unse>*able    
ess5ce2 = is n ! ,bac*us & ,ariadne (   
,titian a talisman z p[]fully *>g$ )    
intellectual virtue z ?\gh x 7 a        
jewel-/udd$ door ( ! city se5 on        
,patmos8  ,to cov] ! imp]i%able l9eam5ts
 ( beauty ) %ad[s & reflect$ lights 0 to

 fall into ! p[] ( 8 ',vala1' ! indol5t 
fasc9ation ( nature1 ! woman div9ity :o 
is s (t5 describ$ 9 '! prophetic books' 
z 'sweet pe/il5ce1' & ^: *ildr5 weave   
webs to take ! s\ls ( m52 b !re 0 yet a 
m lam5table *ance1 = nature has also a  
'mascul9e portion' or 'spectre' :i*     
kills in/ead ( m]ely hid+1 & is         
cont9ually at w> ) inspiration4 ,to     
'g5]alize' =ms & %ad[s1 to 'smoo? out'  
spaces & l9es 9 ob$i5ce to 'laws (      
composition1' & ( pa9t+2 f\nd$1 n ^u    
imag9ation1 :i* always ?ir/s = v>iety & 
delights 9 fre$om1 b ^u reason+ f       
s5sation :i* is always seek+ to r$uce   
ev]y?+ to a lifeless & slavi% uni=mity2 
z ! popul> art ( ,blake's day _h done1 &
 z he und]/ood ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds to 
advise1 0 to fall into ',entu?on        
,b5i?on1' or '! ,lake ( ,udan ,adan1' or
 "s o!r ( ^? regions :]e ! imag9ation & 
! fle% are alike dead1 t he names by s  
_m resonant phanta/ical names4 ',g5]al k
 is remote k1' he wrote2 'x is 9        
p>ticul>s t wisdom consi/s1 & happ9ess  

too4 ,bo? 9 art & life g5]al masses are 
z mu* art z a pa/ebo>d man is human4 ,e 
man has eyes1 nose & m\?2 ?is e idiot   
kn[s4 ,b he :o ent]s into & discrim9ates
 mo/ m9utely ! mann]s & int5tions1 !    
*>act]s 9 all _! bran*es1 is ! alone    
wise or s5sible man1 & on ?is           
discrim9ation all art is f\nd$4444 ,z   
poetry admits n a lett] t is            
insignificant1 s pa9t+ admits n a gra9 (
 s& or a blade ( grass insignificant1   
mu* less an insignificant blot or blur4'
  ,aga9/ ano!r desire ( 8 "t1 d]ivative 
also f :at he has call$ 'corporeal      
reason1' ! desire = a 'tepid mod]ation1'
 = a lifeless 'sanity 9 bo? art & life1'
 he _h prote/$ ye>s be=e ) a p>adoxical 
viol5ce4 ',! roadway ( excess leads to !
 palace ( wisdom1' & we mu/ only 'br+   
out weight & measure 9 "t ( de>?4' ,?is 
prote/1 c>ri$1 9 ! notes on ,sir ,jo%ua 
,reynolds1 to ! po9t ( dwell+ ) pleasure
 on ! ?\ght t ',! ,lives ( ! ,pa9t]s say
 t ,raphael di$ ( dissipation1' because 
dissipation is bett] ?an emotional      

p5ury1 seem$ z important to 8 old age z 
to 8 y\?4 ,he taught x to 8 disciples1 &
 "o f9ds x 9 its purely arti/ic %ape 9 a
 di>y writt5 by ,samuel ,palm]1 9 #ahbd3
 ',excess is ! ess5tial vivify+ _s1     
vital sp>k1 embalm+ spice ( ! f9e/ art4 
,!re are _m m$iums 9 ! means--none1 oh1 
n a jot1 n a %ad[ ( a jot1 9 ! end (    
great art4 ,9 a picture ^: m]it is to be
 excessively brilliant1 x c't be too    
brilliant1 b individual t9ts may be too 
brilliant4444 ,we mu/ n beg9 ) m$ium1 b 
?9k always on excess & only use m$ium to
 make excess m abundantly excessive4'   
,^! ?ree prim>y comm&s1 to seek a       
det]m9ate outl9e1 to avoid a g5]aliz$   
treatm5t1 & to desire always abundance &
 exub]ance1 7 insi/$ ^u ) vehem5t ang]1 
& _! oppon5ts call$ aga9 & aga9 'demons'
 & 'villa9s1' 'hir$' by ! weal?y & !    
idle2 b 9 private1 ,palm] has told u1 he
 c\ld f9d 's\rces ( delight ?r\gh\t !   
:ole range ( art1' & 0 ev] ready to     
praise excell5ce 9 any s*ool1 f9d+1     
d\btless1 among fri5ds1 no ne$ = !      

emphasis ( exagg]ation4 ,!re is a       
beautiful passage 9 ',j]usalem' 9 :i* ! 
m]ely mortal "p ( ! m9d1 '! spectre1'   
creates 'pyramids ( pride1' & 'pill>s 9 
! deepe/ hell to rea* ! heav5ly ar*es1' 
& seeks to discov] wisdom 9 '! spaces   
betwe5 ! />s1' n '9 ! />s1' :]e x is1 b 
! immortal "p makes all 8 lab\rs va91 & 
turns 8 pyramids to 'gra9s ( s&1' 8     
'pill>s' to 'du/ on ! fly's w+1' & makes
 ( '8 />ry heav5s a mo? ( gold & silv]  
mock+ 8 anxi\s grasp4' ,s :5 man's      
desire to re/ f spiritual lab\r1 & 8    
?ir/ to fill 8 art ) m]e s5sation &     
memory1 seem ^u ! po9t ( triumph1 "s    
miracle trans=ms !m to a new            
inspiration2 & "h & !re among ! pictures
 born ( s5sation & memory is ! murmur+ (
 a new ritual1 ! glimm]+ ( new talismans
 & symbols4  ,x 0 dur+ & aft] ! writ+ ( 
^! op9ions t ,blake did ! v>i\s s]ies ( 
pictures :i* h br\ght him ! bulk ( 8    
fame4 ,he _h already complet$ !         
illu/rations to ,"y's ,night ,?\ghts--9 
:i* ! great sprawl+ figures1 a little   

we>isome ev5 ) ! lum9\s col\rs ( !      
orig9al wat]-col\r1 became ne>ly        
intol]able 9 pla9 black & :ite--& almo/ 
all ! illu/rations to '! prophetic      
books1' :i* h an en]gy l t ( ! elem5ts1 
b are r rapid sket*es tak5 :ile "s      
phantasmic procession swept ov] him1 ?an
 elaborate compositions1 & 9 ^: %ad[y   
adv5tures "o f9ds n m]ely1 z did ,dr4   
,g>? ,wilk9son1 '! hells ( ! anci5t p1 !
 ,anakim1 ! ,nephalim1 & ! ,rephaim 444 
gigantic petrifactions f :i* ! fires (  
lu/ & int5se selfi% passion h long      
dissipat$ :at 0 animal & vital'2 n m]ely
 ! %ad[s ca/ by ! p[]s :o _h clos$ !    
light f him z ') a door & w9d[ %utt]s1' 
b ! %ad[s ( ^? :o gave !m battle4 ,he   
did n[1 h[ev]1 ! _m designs to ,milton1 
( :i* ,i h only se5 ^? to ,p>adise      
,rega9$2 ! reproductions ( ^? to ,comus1
 publi%$1 ,i ?9k1 by ,mr4 ,qu>it*2 & !  
?ree or f\r to ,p>adise ,lo/1 engrav$ by
 ,bell ,scott--a s]ies ( designs :i* "o 
good judge consid]s 8 greate/ "w2 !     
illu/rations to ,blair's ,grave1 ^:     

gravity & passion /ruggle ) ! me*anical 
s(tness & trivial smoo?ness (           
,s*iavonetti's engrav+2 ! illu/rations  
to ,?ornton's ,virgil1 ^: influ5ce is   
manife/ 9 ! "w ( ! little gr\p (        
l&scape-pa9t]s :o ga!r$ ab\t him 9 8 old
 age & delight$ to call him ma/]4 ,!    
memb] ( ! gr\p1 :om ,i h already s (t5  
quot$1 has alone prais$ wor?ily ^!      
illu/rations to ! fir/ eclogue3 ',!re is
 9 all su* a mi/y & dreamy glimm] z     
p5etrates & k9dles ! inmo/ s\l & gives  
complete & unres]v$ delight1 unlike !   
gaudy daylight ( ?is _w4 ,!y are l all  
?is wond]ful arti/'s "w1 ! draw+ aside (
 ! fle%ly curta91 & ! glimpse :i* all ! 
mo/ holy1 /udi\s sa9ts & sages h enjoy$1
 ( ! re/ :i* rema9s to ! p ( ,god4' ,n[1
 too1 he did ! great s]ies1 ! cr[n+ "w (
 8 life1 ! illu/rations to ,! ,book (   
,job & ! illu/rations to ,! ,div9e      
,com$y4 ,hi!rto he _h prote/$ aga9/ !   
me*anical 'dots & loz5ges' & 'blots &   
blurs' ( ,woollett & ,/range1 b _h      
himself us$ bo? 'dot & loz5ge1' 'blot & 

blur1' ?\gh always 9 subord9ation 'to a 
firm & det]m9ate outl9e'2 b 9 ,m>c      
,antonio1 c]ta9 ( ^: engrav+s he 0 %[n  
by ,l9nell1 he f\nd a /yle full (       
delicate l9es1 a /yle :]e all 0 liv+ &  
en]getic1 /rong & subtle4 ,& almo/ 8 la/
 words1 a lett] writt5 ^u 8 dea?-b$1    
attack ! 'dots & loz5ges' ) ev5 m ?an   
usually qua9t symbolism1 & praise       
expressive l9es4 ',i "k t ! majority (  
,engli%m5 are b\nd by ! indef9ite 444 a 
l9e is a l9e 9 its m9ute/ p>ticul>s1    
/raight or crook$4 ,x is itself n       
int]measurable by any?+ else 444 b s9ce 
! ,fr5* ,revolution'--s9ce ! reign (    
reason began1 t is--',engli%m5 are all  
int]measurable ) "o ano!r1 c]ta9ly a    
happy /ate ( agreem5t 9 :i* ,i d n      
agree4' ,! ,dante s]ies occupi$ ! la/   
ye>s ( 8 life2 ev5 :5 too weak to get   
out ( b$ he work$ on1 propp$ up ) !     
great draw+-book be=e him4 ,he sket*$ a 
hundr$ designs1 b left all incomplete1  
"s v greatly s1 & p>tly engrav$ sev5    
plates1 ( :i* ! ',francesca & ,paolo' is

 ! mo/ f9i%$4 ,x is n1 ,i ?9k1 inf]ior  
to any b ! f9e/ 9 ! ,job1 if inde$ to   
!m1 & %[s 9 its p]fection ,blake's ma/]y
 ov] elem5tal ?+s1 ! swirl 9 :i* ! lo/  
spirits are hurri$1 'a wat]y flame' he  
w\ld h call$ x1 ! haunt$ wat]s & !      
huddl+ %apes4 ,9 ! illu/rations (       
,purgatory !re is a s]5e beauty1 & "o   
f9ds 8 ,dante & ,virgil climb+ among !  
r\gh rocks "u a cl\dy sun1 & 9 _! sleep 
^u ! smoo? /eps t[>ds ! summit1 a       
placid1 m>moreal1 t5d]1 />ry rapture4   
,all 9 ?is great s]ies are 9 "s measure 
p[]ful & mov+1 & n1 z x is cu/om>y to   
say ( ! "w ( ,blake1 because a flam+    
imag9ation pi]ces ?r\gh a cl\dy &       
indecisive te*nique1 b because !y h !   
only excell5ce possible 9 any art1 a    
ma/]y ov] arti/ic expression4 ,!        
te*nique ( ,blake 0 imp]fect1           
incomplete1 z is ! te*nique ( well-nigh 
all arti/s :o h /riv5 to br+ fires f    
remote summits2 b :]e 8 imag9ation is   
p]fect & complete1 8 te*nique has a l   
p]fection1 a l complet5ess4 ,he /rove to

 embody m subtle raptures1 m elaborate  
intuitions ?an any be=e him2 8          
imag9ation & te*nique are m brok5 &     
/ra9$ "u a great burd5 ?an ! imag9ation 
& te*nique ( any o!r ma/]4 ',i am1'     
wrote ,blake1 'l o!rs1 j equal 9        
inv5tion & execution4' ,& aga91 ',no man
 c improve an orig9al inv5tion2 nor c an
 orig9al inv5tion exi/ )\t execution1   
organiz$1 del9eat$ & articulat$ ei!r by 
,god or man 444 ,i h he>d p say1 ,give  
me ! ideas2 x is no matt] :at words y   
put !m into2 & o!rs say1 ,give me !     
designs2 x is no matt] = ! execution4444
 ,ideas _c be giv5 b 9 _! m9utely       
appropriate words1 nor c a design be    
made )\t its m9utely appropriate        
execution4' ,liv+ 9 a "t :5 te*nique &  
imag9ation are cont9ually p]fect &      
complete1 because !y no long] /rive to  
br+ fire f heav51 we =get h[ imp]fect & 
incomplete !y 7 9 ev5 ! greate/ ma/]s1 9
 ,botticelli1 9 ,orcagna1 & 9 ,giotto4  
,! errors 9 ! h&iwork ( exalt$ spirits  
are z ! m phanta/ical errors 9 _! lives2

 z ,col]idge's opium cl\d2 z ,villi]s   
,de ,l',isle ,adam's c&idature = ! ?rone
 ( ,greece2 z ,blake's ang] aga9/ causes
 & purposes he b half und]/ood2 z !     
flick]+ madness an ,ea/]n scripture w\ld
 all[ 9 augu/ dream]s2 = he :o half     
lives 9 et]nity endures a r5d+ ( !      
/ructures ( ! m9d1 a crucifixion ( !    
intellectual body4   ,,ii4 ,,8 ,,op9ions
 ,,on ,,dante  ,z ,blake sat b5t ov] !  
great draw+-book1 9 :i* he made 8       
designs to ,! ,div9e ,com$y1 he 0 v     
c]ta9 t he & ,dante repres5t$ spiritual 
/ates :i* face "o ano!r 9 an et]nal     
enmity4 ,dante1 because a great poet1 0 
'inspir$ by ! ,holy ,gho/'2 b 8         
inspiration 0 m+l$ ) a c]ta9 philosophy1
 bl[n up out ( 8 age1 :i* ,blake held = 
mortal & ! enemy ( immortal ?+s1 & :i* f
 ! e>lie/ times has sat 9 high places & 
rul$ ! _w4 ,?is philosophy 0 !          
philosophy ( soldi]s1 ( m5 ( ! _w1 (    
prie/s busy ) gov]nm5t1 ( all :o1       
because ( ! absorption 9 active life1 h 
be5 p]suad$ to judge & to puni%1 & p>tly

 also1 he admitt$1 ! philosophy ( ,*ri/1
 :o 9 desc5d+ into ! _w _h to take on ! 
_w2 :o1 9 be+ born ( ,m>y1 a symbol ( ! 
law 9 ,blake's symbolic language1 _h to 
'take aft] 8 "m1' & drive ! money-*ang]s
 out ( ! ,temple4 ,oppos$ to ?is 0 ano!r
 philosophy1 n made by m5 ( action1     
drudges ( "t & space1 b by ,*ri/ :5     
wrapp$ 9 ! div9e ess5ce1 & by arti/s &  
poets1 :o are taught by ! nature ( _!   
craft to sympa?ize ) all liv+ ?+s1 & :o1
 ! m pure & fragrant is _! lamp1 pass ! 
fur!r f all limitations1 to come at la/ 
to =get good & evil 9 an absorb+ vision 
( ! happy & ! unhappy4 ,! "o philosophy 
0 worldly1 & e/abli%$ = ! ord]+ ( ! body
 & ! fall5 w1 & s long z x did n call   
its 'laws ( prud5ce' '! laws ( ,god1' 0 
a necessity1 because 'y _c h lib]ty 9   
?is _w )\t :at y call moral virtue'2 !  
o!r 0 div9e1 & e/abli%$ = ! peace ( !   
imag9ation & ! unfall5 w1 &1 ev5 :5     
obey$ ) a too lit]al rev]5ce1 c\ld make 
m5 s9 aga9/ no high] pr9cipality ?an    
prud5ce4 ,he call$ ! foll[]s ( ! fir/   

philosophy pagans1 no matt] by :at "n !y
 knew !mselves1 because ! pagans1 z he  
und]/ood ! ^w pagan1 believ$ m 9 !      
outw>d life1 & 9 :at he call$ 'w>1      
pr9c$om1 & victory1' ?an 9 ! secret life
 ( ! _s2 & ! foll[]s ( ! second         
philosophy ,*ri/ians1 because only ^? ^:
 sympa?ies _h be5 enl>g$ & in/ruct$ by  
art & poetry c\ld obey ! ,*ri/ian comm& 
( unlimit$ =giv5ess4 ,blake _h already  
f\nd ?is 'pagan' philosophy 9 ,sw$5borg1
 9 ,milton1 9 ,wordswor?1 9 ,sir ,jo%ua 
,reynolds1 9 _m p]sons1 & x _h r\s$ him 
s con/antly & to su* angry p>adox t its 
ov]?r[ became ! signal passion ( 8 life1
 & fill$ all he did & ?\ght ) !         
excitem5t ( a supreme issue4 ,its k+dom 
0 b\nd to gr[ weak] s soon z life began 
to lose a little 9 crude passion & nave 
tumult1 b ,blake 0 ! fir/ to ann\nce its
 successor1 & he did ?is1 z mu/ ne$s be 
) revolutioni/s :o h '! law' = '"m1' ) a
 firm conviction t ! ?+s 8 oppon5ts held
 :ite 7 inde$ black1 & t ! ?+s !y held  
black1 :ite2 ) a /rong p]suasion t all  

busy ) gov]nm5t are m5 d>kness & 'some?+
 o!r ?an human life'2 "o is rem9d$ (    
,%elley1 :o 0 ! next to take up ! cry1  
?\gh ) a less abundant philosophic      
faculty1 b /ill m ( ,nietzs*e1 ^: ?\ght 
fl[s always1 ?\gh ) an ev5 m viol5t     
curr5t1 9 ! b$ ,blake's ?\ght has worn4 
,! k+dom t 0 pass+ 01 he held1 ! k+dom (
 ! ,tree ( ,k2 ! k+dom t 0 com+ 0 !     
k+dom ( ! ,tree ( ,life3 m5 :o ate f !  
,tree ( ,k wa/$ _! days 9 ang] aga9/ "o 
ano!r1 & 9 tak+ "o ano!r captive 9 great
 nets2 m5 :o s\ght _! food among ! gre5 
leaves ( ! ,tree ( ,life condemn$ none b
 ! unimag9ative & ! idle1 & ^? :o =get t
 ev5 love & dea? & old age are an       
imag9ative art4  ,9 ^! oppos+ k+doms is 
! explanation ( ! petulant say+s he     
wrote on ! m>g9s ( ! great sket*-book1 &
 ( ^? o!rs1 /ill m petulant1 :i* ,crabb 
,rob9son has record$ 9 8 di>y4 ,! say+s 
ab\t ! =giv5ess ( s9s h no ne$ = fur!r  
explanation1 & are 9 contra/ ) !        
attitude ( t excell5t comm5tator1 ,h]r  
,hett+]1 :o1 ?\gh ,dante swoon$ f pity  

at ! tale ( ,francesca1 w only          
'sympa?ize' ) h] 'to a c]ta9 ext5t1' be+
 tak5 9 a !ological net4 ',x seems z if 
,dante1' ,blake wrote1 'supposes ,god 0 
some?+ sup]ior to ! ,fa!r ( ,jesus2 = if
 ,he gives ra9 to ! evil & ! good1 & ,8 
sun to ! j & ! unju/1 ,he c nev] h      
build$ ,dante's ,hell1 nor ! ,hell ( !  
,bible1 z our p>sons expla9 x4 ,x mu/ h 
be5 fram$ by ! d>k _s itself1 & s ,i    
und]/& x4' ,& aga91 ',:atev] task is (  
v5geance & :atev] is aga9/ =giv5ess ( s9
 is n ( ! ,fa!r b ( ,satan1 ! accus]1 ! 
fa!r ( ,hell4' ,& aga91 & ?is "t to     
,crabb ,rob9son1 ',dante saw devils :]e 
,i saw none4 ,i see good only4' ',i h   
nev] kn[n a v bad man :o _h n some?+ v  
good ab\t him4' ,?is =giv5ess 0 n !     
=giv5ess ( ! !ologian :o has receiv$ a  
comm&m5t f af> (f1 b ( ! poet & arti/1  
:o believes he has be5 taught1 9 a      
my/ical vision1 't ! imag9ation is ! man
 himself1' & believes he has discov]$ 9 
! practice ( 8 art t )\t a p]fect       
sympa?y !re is no p]fect imag9ation1 &  

!re=e no p]fect life4 ,at ano!r mom5t he
 call$ ,dante 'an a!i/1 a m]e politician
 busi$ ab\t ?is _w1 z ,milton 01 till1 9
 8 old age1 return$ to ,god :om he _h _h
 9 8 *ildhood4' ',ev]y?+ is a!ism1' he  
has already expla9$1 ':i* assum$ !      
reality ( ! natural & unspiritual _w4'  
,dante1 he held1 assum$ its reality :5  
he made ob$i5ce to its laws a condition 
( man's happ9ess h]eaft]1 & he set      
,sw$5borg beside ,dante 9 misbelief =   
call+ ,nature '! ultimate ( ,heav51' a  
l[e/ rung1 z x 71 ( ,jacob's ladd]1     
in/ead ( a net wov5 by ,satan to        
entangle our w&]+ joys & br+ our he>ts  
into captivity4 ,!re are c]ta9 curi\s   
unf9i%$ diagrams scatt]$ "h & !re among 
! n[ sep>at$ pages ( ! sket*-book1 & (  
^! !re is "o :i*1 _h x _h all its       
conc5tric r+s fill$ ) names1 w\ld h be5 
a sy/ematic exposition ( 8 animosities &
 ( _! v>i\s int5sity4 ,x repres5ts      
,p>adise1 & 9 ! mid/1 :]e ,dante em]ges 
f ! e>?ly ,p>adise1 is writt5 ',hom]1' &
 9 ! next circle ',sw$5borg1' & on !    

m>g9 ^! words3 ',ev]y?+ 9 ,dante's      
,p>adise %[s t he has made ! e>? !      
f\ndation ( all1 & its goddess ,nature1 
memory1' memory ( s5sations1 'n ! ,holy 
,gho/4444 ,r\nd ,purgatory is ,p>adise1 
& r\nd ,p>adise vacuum4 ,hom] is ! c5tre
 ( all1 ,i mean ! poetry ( ! hea!n4' ,! 
/atem5t t r\nd ,p>adise is vacuum is a  
pro( ( ! p]si/5ce ( 8 ideas1 & ( 8      
curi\sly lit]al und]/&+ ( 8 own symbols2
 = x is b ano!r =m ( ! *>ge made aga9/  
,milton _m ye>s be=e 9 ,! ,m>riage (    
,heav5 & ,hell4 ',9 ,milton ! ,fa!r is  
de/9y1 ! son a ratio ( ! five s5ses1'   
,blake's def9ition ( ! reason :i* is !  
enemy ( ! imag9ation1 '& ! ,holy ,gho/  
vacuum4' ,dante1 l o!r m$ieval my/ics1  
symboliz$ ! highe/ ord] ( creat$ be+s by
 ! fix$ />s1 & ,god by ! d>kness beyond 
!m1 ! ,primum ,mobile4 ,blake1 absorb$ 9
 8 v diff]5t vision1 9 :i* ,god took    
always a human %ape1 believ$ t to ?9k ( 
,god "u a symbol drawn f ! out] _w 0 9  
itself idolatry1 b t to imag9e ,him z an
 unpeopl$ imm5sity 0 to ?9k ( ,him "u ! 

"o symbol fur!/ f ,8 ess5ce--x be+ a    
creation ( ! ru9+ reason1 'g5]aliz+'    
away '! m9ute p>ticul>s ( life4' ,in/ead
 ( seek+ ,god 9 ! des]ts ( "t & space1 9
 ext]ior imm5sities1 9 :at he call$ '!  
ab/ract void1' he believ$ t ! fur!r he  
dropp$ beh9d him memory ( "t & space1   
reason build$ ^u s5sation1 morality     
f\nd$ = ! ord]+ ( ! _w2 & ! m he 0      
absorb$ 9 emotion2 &1 above all1 9      
emotion escap$ f ! impulse ( bodily     
long+ & ! re/ra9ts ( bodily reason1 9   
arti/ic emotion2 ! ne>] did he come to  
,ed5's 'brea?+ g>d51' to use 8 beautiful
 phrase1 & to ! unveil$ face ( ,god4 ,no
 wor?y symbol ( ,god exi/$ b ! inn] _w1 
! true humanity1 to ^: v>i\s aspects he 
gave _m names1 ',j]usalem1' ',lib]ty1'  
',ed51' ',! ,div9e ,vision1' ',! ,body (
 ,god1' ',! ,human ,=m ,div9e1' ',!     
,div9e ,memb]s1' & ^: mo/ intimate      
expression 0 art & poetry4 ,he always   
sang ( ,god "u ?is symbol3    ',= ,m]cy1
 ,pity1 ,peace1 & ,love     ,is ,god    
,our ,fa!r de>2   ,& ,m]cy1 ,pity1      

,peace1 & ,love     ,is man1 ,8 *ild &  
c>e4    ,= ,m]cy has a human he>t2      
,pity a human face2   ,& ,love ! human  
=m div9e2     ,& ,peace1 ! human dress4 
,!n e man ( e clime1     ,t prays 9 8   
di/ress1   ,prays to ! human =m div9e-- 
,love1 ,m]cy1 ,pity1 ,peace4'  ,:5ev] he
 gave ?is symbol a habitation 9 space he
 set x 9 ! sun1 ! fa!r ( light & life2 &
 set 9 ! d>kness beyond ! />s1 :]e light
 & life die away1 ,og & ,anak & ! giants
 t 7 ( old1 & ! iron ?rone ( ,satan4    
,by ?us contra/+ ,blake & ,dante by !   
light ( ,blake's p>adoxical wisdom1 & z 
?\gh !re 0 no important tru? hung f     
,dante's beam ( ! balance1 ,i b seek to 
int]pret a little-und]/ood philosophy r 
?an "o incorporate 9 ! ?\ght & habits ( 
,*ri/5dom4 ,e philosophy has half its   
tru? f times & g5]ations2 & to u "o-half
 ( ! philosophy ( ,dante is less liv+   
?an 8 poetry1 :ile ! tru? ,blake prea*$ 
& sang & pa9t$ is ! root ( ! cultivat$  
life1 ( ! fragile p]fect blossom ( ! _w 
born 9 ages ( leisure & peace1 & nev]   

yet to la/ m ?an a little season2 ! life
 ^? ,phacians1 :o told ,odysseus t !y _h
 set _! he>ts 9 no?+ b 9 '! dance &     
*anges ( raim5t1 & love & sleep1' liv$  
be=e ,poseidon heap$ a m\nta9 above !m2 
! lives ( all :o1 hav+ eat5 ( ! ,tree ( 
,life1 love1 m ?an did ! b>b>\s ages :5 
none _h "t to live1 '! m9ute p>ticul>s (
 life1' ! little fragm5ts ( space & "t1 
:i* are :olly flood$ by beautiful       
emotion because !y are s little !y are  
h>dly ( "t & space at all4 ',e space    
small] ?an a globule ( man's blood1' he 
wrote1 'op5s into et]nity ( :i* ?is     
vegetable e>? is b a %ad[4' ,& aga91 ',e
 "t less ?an a pulsation ( ! art]y is   
equal' 9 its t5or & value 'to six ?\s&  
ye>s1 = 9 ?is p]iod ! poet's "w is done1
 & all ! great ev5ts ( "t />t =?1 & are 
conceiv$3 9 su* a p]iod1 )9 a mom5t1 a  
pulsation ( ! art]y4' ,dante1 inde$1    
taught1 9 ! ',purgatorio1' t s9 & virtue
 are alike f love1 & t love is f ,god2 b
 ?is love he w\ld re/ra9 by a complex   
et]nal law1 a complex ext]nal ,*ur*4    

,blake ^u ! o!r h& cri$ scorn ^u ! :ole 
spectacle ( ext]nal ?+s1 a vision to    
pass away 9 a mom5t1 & prea*$ !         
cultivat$ life1 ! int]nal ,*ur* :i* has 
no laws b beauty1 rapture & lab\r4 ',i  
"k ( no o!r ,*ri/ianity1 & ( no o!r     
gospel1 ?an ! lib]ty1 bo? ( body & m9d1 
to ex]cise ! div9e arts ( imag9ation1 ! 
real & et]nal _w ( :i* ?is vegetable    
univ]se is b a fa9t %ad[1 & 9 :i* we    
%all live 9 our et]nal or imag9ative    
bodies :5 ^! vegetable mortal bodies are
 no m4 ,! ,apo/les knew ( no o!r gospel4
 ,:at are all _! spiritual gifts8 ,:at  
is ! div9e _s8 ,is ! ,holy ,gho/ any o!r
 ?an an intellectual f\nta98 ,:at is !  
h>ve/ ( ! gospel & its lab\rs8 ,:at is !
 tal5t :i* x is a curse to hide8 ,:at   
are ! treasures ( heav5 :i* we are to   
lay up = ourselves8 ,are !y any o!r ?an 
m5tal /udies & p]=mances8 ,:at are all !
 gifts ( ! gospel1 are !y n all m5tal   
gifts8 ,is ,god a _s :o mu/ be wor%ipp$ 
9 _s & tru?8 ,are n ! gifts ( ! _s      
ev]y?+ to man8 ,o ye religi\s6          

disc\nt5ance e "o among y :o %all pret5d
 to despise art & sci5ce4 ,i call ^u y 9
 ! "n ( ,jesus6 ,:at is ! life ( man b  
art & sci5ce8 ,is x meat & dr9k8 ,is n !
 body m ?an raim5t8 ,:at is mortality b 
! ?+s relat+ to ! body :i* dies8 ,:at is
 immortality b ! ?+s relat+ to ! _s :i* 
lives immortally8 ,:at is ! joy ( ,heav5
 b improvem5t 9 ! ?+s ( ! _s8 ,:at are !
 pa9s ( ,hell b ignorance1 idl5ess1     
bodily lu/1 & ! deva/ation ( ! ?+s ( !  
_s8 ,answ] ?is = y\rselves1 & expel f   
among/ y ^? :o pret5d to despise !      
lab\rs ( art & sci5ce1 :i* alone are !  
lab\rs ( ! gospel4 ,is n ?is pla9 &     
manife/ to ! ?\ght8 ,c y ?9k at all1 & n
 pron\nce he>tily t to lab\r 9 k is to  
build ,j]usalem1 & to despise k is to   
despise ,j]usalem & h] build]s8 ,&      
rememb]1 he :o despises & mocks a m5tal 
gift 9 ano!r1 call+ x pride1 &          
selfi%ness1 & s91 mocks ,jesus1 ! giv] (
 e m5tal gift1 :i* always appe> to !    
ignorance-lov+ hypocrites z s9s4 ,b t   
:i* is s9 9 ! sight ( cruel man is n s9 

9 ! sight ( our k9d ,god4 ,let e        
,*ri/ian z mu* z 9 him lies engage      
himself op5ly & publicly be=e all ! _w 9
 "s m5tal pursuit = ! build+ (          
,j]usalem4' ,i h giv5 ! :ole ( ?is long 
passage because1 ?\gh ! v key/one ( 8   
?\ght1 x is little kn[n1 be+ sunk1 l    
ne>ly all ( 8 mo/ pr(\nd ?\ghts1 9 !    
my/]i\s prophetic books4 ,obscure ab\t  
mu* else1 !y are always lucid on ?is "o 
po9t1 & return to x aga9 & aga94 ',i c>e
 n :e!r a man is good or bad1' are !    
words !y put into ! m\? ( ,god1 'all ,i 
c>e is :e!r he is a wise man or a fool4 
,g put (f hol9ess & put on intellect4'  
,?is cultivat$ life1 :i* seems to u s   
artificial a ?+1 is really1 accord+ to  
!m1 ! labori\s re-discov]y ( ! gold5    
age1 ( ! primeval simplicity1 ( ! simple
 _w 9 :i* ,*ri/ taught & liv$1 & its    
lawlessness is ! lawlessness ( ,him ':o 
be+ all virtue1 act$ f impulse & n f    
rules1'    ,& 8 sev5ty disciples s5t    
,aga9/ religion & gov]nm5t4  ,!         
hi/orical ,*ri/ 0 inde$ no m ?an !      

supreme symbol ( ! arti/ic imag9ation1 9
 :i*1 ) e passion wr\ght to p]fect      
beauty by art & poetry1 we %all live1 :5
 ! body has pass$ away = ! la/ "t2 b    
be=e t h\r man mu/ lab\r ?r\gh _m lives 
& _m dea?s4 ',m5 are admitt$ into heav5 
n because !y h curb$ & gov]n$ _!        
passions1 b because !y h cultivat$ _!   
und]/&+s4 ,! treasures ( heav5 are n    
negations ( passion b realities (       
intellect f :i* ! passions emanate      
uncurb$ 9 _! et]nal glory4 ,! fool %all 
n ent] into heav51 let him be ev] s     
holy4 ,hol9ess is n ! price ( ent]+ into
 heav54 ,^? :o are ca/ out are all ^?   
:o1 hav+ no passions ( _! own1 because  
no intellect1 h sp5t _! lives 9 curb+ & 
gov]n+ o!r p's lives by ! v>i\s arts (  
pov]ty & cruelty ( all k9ds4 ,! mod]n   
,*ur* crucifies ,*ri/ ) ! head d[nw>ds4 
,woe1 woe1 woe to y hypocrites4' ,aft] a
 "t man has 'to return to ! d>k valley  
:5ce he came & beg9 8 lab\rs anew1' b   
be=e t return he dwells 9 ! fre$om (    
imag9ation1 9 ! peace ( ! 'div9e image1'

 '! div9e vision1' 9 ! peace t passes   
und]/&+ & is ! peace ( art4 ',i h be5 v 
ne> ! gates ( dea?1' ,blake wrote 9 8   
la/ lett]1 '& h return$ v weak & an old 
man1 feeble & tott]+ b n 9 _s & life1 n 
9 ! real man1 ! imag9ation :i* live? =  
ev]4 ,9 t ,i gr[ /rong] & /rong] z ?is  
fooli% body decays4444 ,flaxman is gone1
 & we mu/ all soon foll[1 e "o to 8     
et]nal home1 leav+ ! delusions ( goddess
 ,nature & h] laws1 to get into fre$om f
 all ! laws ( ! numb]s1' ! multiplicity 
( nature1 'into ! m9d 9 :i* e "o is k+ &
 prie/ 9 8 own h\se4' ,! phrase ab\t !  
k+ & prie/ is a memory ( ! cr[n & mitre 
set ^u ,dante's head be=e he ent]$      
,p>adise4 ,our imag9ations are b        
fragm5ts ( ! univ]sal imag9ation1       
portions ( ! univ]sal body ( ,god1 & z  
we enl>ge our imag9ation by imag9ative  
sympa?y1 & trans=m ) ! beauty & peace ( 
art1 ! sorr[s & joys ( ! _w1 we put (f !
 limit$ mortal man m & m & put on !     
unlimit$ 'immortal man4' ',z ! se$ waits
 eag]ly wat*+ = its fl[] & fruit1 anxi\s

 its little s\l looks out into ! cle>   
expanse to see if hungry w9ds are abroad
 ) _! invisible array1 s man looks out 9
 tree1 & h]b1 & fi%1 & bird1 & bea/1    
collect+ up ! fragm5ts ( 8 immortal body
 into ! elem5tal =ms ( ev]y?+ t gr[s4444
 ,9 pa9 he sighs1 9 pa9 he lab\rs 9 8   
univ]se1 sorr[+ 9 birds ov] ! deep1 or  
h[l+ 9 ! wolf ov] ! sla91 & moan+ 9 !   
cattle1 & 9 ! w9ds4' ,m]e sympa?y = liv+
 ?+s is n en\gh because we mu/ le>n to  
sep>ate _! 'infect$' f _! et]nal1 _!    
satanic f _! div9e "p2 & ?is c only be  
done by desir+ always beauty1 ! "o mask 
?r\gh :i* c be se5 ! unveil$ eyes (     
et]nity4 ,we mu/ !n be arti/s 9 all ?+s1
 & und]/& t love & old age & dea? are   
fir/ among ! arts4 ,9 ?is s5se he insi/s
 t ',*ri/'s apo/les 7 arti/s1' t        
',*ri/ianity is ,art1' & t '! :ole      
bus9ess ( man is ! arts4' ,dante1 :o    
deifi$ law1 select$ its antagoni/1      
passion1 z ! mo/ important ( s9s1 & made
 ! regions :]e x 0 puni%$ ! l>ge/4      
,blake1 :o deifi$ imag9ative fre$om1    

held 'corporeal reason' = ! mo/ accurs$ 
( ?+s1 because x makes ! imag9ation     
revolt f ! sov]eignty ( beauty & pass "u
 ! sov]eignty ( corporeal law1 & ?is is 
'! captivity 9 ,egypt4' ,true art is    
expressive & symbolic1 & makes e =m1 e  
s\nd1 e col\r1 e ge/ure1 a signature (  
"s unanalyzable imag9ative ess5ce4      
,false art is n expressive b mimetic1 n 
f exp]i5ce b f obs]vation1 & is ! "m (  
all evil1 p]suad+ u to save our bodies  
alive at no matt] :at co/ ( rap9e &     
fraud4 ,true art is ! flame ( ! la/ day1
 :i* beg9s = e man1 :5 he is fir/ mov$  
by beauty1 & :i* seeks to burn all ?+s  
until !y 'become inf9ite & holy4'       
,,iii4 ,,! ,,illu/rations ,,( ,,dante   
,! late ,mr4 ,john ,add+ton ,symonds    
wrote--9 a preface to c]ta9 ,dante      
illu/rations by ,/radanus1 a            
sixte5?-c5tury arti/ ( no great         
excell5ce1 publi%$ 9 phototype by ,mr4  
,unw9 9 #ahib--t ! illu/rations (       
,gu/ave ,dor1 '9 spite ( gl>+ arti/ic   
defects1 mu/1 ,i ?9k1 be reckon$ fir/   

among num]\s attempts to translate      
,dante's conceptions into t]ms ( pla/ic 
art4' ,"o c only acc\nt = ?is praise ( a
 noisy & demagogic art by suppos+ t a   
temp]am5t1 /rong en\gh to explore )     
unfail+ al]tness ! c\ntless s*ools &    
influ5ces ( ! ,r5aissance 9 ,italy1 is (
 necessity a little lack+ 9 delicacy (  
judgm5t & 9 ! f9] sub/ances ( emotion4  
,x is m difficult to acc\nt = s         
admirable a s*ol> n only pref]r+ ^!     
illu/rations to ! "w ( :at he call$ '!  
graceful & affect$ ,botticelli1'--al?\gh
 ',dor 0 fitt$ = 8 task1 n by dramatic  
vig\r1 by feel+ = beauty1 or by any?+   
/]nly 9 sympa?y ) ! supreme poet's s\l1 
b by a v effective s5se ( lum9osity &   
gloom1'--b pref]r+ !m because 'he creat$
 a fanciful _w1 :i* makes ! movem5t (   
,dante's dramatis p]son conceivable1    
introduc+ ! ord9>y intellig5ce into ^?  
va/ regions ?rong$ ) de/9ies ( s\ls &   
cre$s & empires4' ,:5 ! ord9>y /ud5t    
f9ds ?is intellig5ce 9 an illu/rator1 he
 ?9ks1 because x is 8 own intellig5ce1 t

 x is an accurate int]pretation ( !     
text1 :ile "w ( ! extraord9>y           
intellig5ces is m]ely an expression ( _!
 own ideas & feel+s4 ,dor & ,/radanus1  
he w tell y1 h giv5 u some?+ ( ! _w (   
,dante1 b ,blake & ,botticelli h build$ 
worlds ( _! own & call$ !m ,dante's--z  
if ,dante's _w 7 m ?an a mass ( symbols 
( col\r & =m & s\nd :i* put on humanity1
 :5 !y ar\se "s m9d to an int5se &      
romantic life t is n !irs2 z if x 0 n   
"o's own sorr[s & ang]s & regrets &     
t]rors & hopes t awak5 to condemnation  
or rep5tance :ile ,dante treads 8 et]nal
 pilgrimage2 z if any poet or pa9t] or  
musician c\ld be o!r ?an an en*ant]     
call+ ) a p]suasive or compell+ ritual1 
creatures1 noble or ignoble1 div9e or   
dmonic1 cov]$ ) scales or 9 %9+ raim5t1 
t he nev] imag9$1 out ( ! bottomless    
deeps ( imag9ations he nev] =esaw2 z if 
! noble/ a*ievem5t ( art 0 n :5 ! arti/ 
enfolds himself 9 d>kness1 :ile he ca/s 
ov] 8 read]s a light z ( a wild &       
t]rible dawn4  ,let u !re=e put away !  

designs to ,! ,div9e ,com$y1 9 :i* !re  
is 'an ord9>y intellig5ce1' & consid]   
only ! designs 9 :i* ! magical ritual   
has call$ up extraord9>y %apes1 !       
magical light glimm]$ ^u a _w1 diff]5t f
 ! ,dantesque _w ( our own intellig5ce 9
 its ord9>y & daily moods1 ^u a         
difficult & di/+ui%$ _w4 ,mo/ ( ! s]ies 
( designs to ,dante1 & !re are a good   
numb]1 ne$ n busy any "o = a mom5t4     
,g5elli has done a copi\s s]ies1 :i* is 
v able 9 ! '=mal' 'g5]aliz$' way :i*    
,blake hat$1 & :i* is spiritually       
ridicul\s4 ,p5elli has trans=m$ !       
',inf]no' into a vulg> ,walpurgis night1
 & a c]ta9 ,s*ul]1 :om ,i d n f9d 9 !   
biographical diction>ies1 b :o 0        
app>5tly a ,g]man1 has prefac$ c]ta9    
flaccid designs ) "s excell5t *>ts1 :ile
 ,/radanus has made a s]ies = !         
',inf]no1' :i* has s _m ( ! m mat]ial & 
uness5tial p[]s ( art1 & is s extremely 
undi/+ui%$ 9 conception1 t "o supposes  
him to h t\*$ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury ! same 
public ,dor has t\*$ 9 ! n9ete5?4  ,?\gh

 ) _m d\bts1 ,i am tempt$ to value      
,flaxman's designs to ! ',inf]no1' !    
',purgatorio1' & ! ',p>adiso1' only a   
little above ! be/ ( ^!1 because he does
 n seem to h ev] be5 really mov$ by     
,dante1 & s to h sunk into a =mal mann]1
 :i* is a reflection ( ! vital mann] ( 8
 ,hom] & ,hesiod4 ,8 designs to ,!      
,div9e ,com$y w be laid1 "o imag9es1 )  
"s c]emony 9 t immortal wa/epap]-basket 
9 :i* ,"t c>ries ) _m sighs ! failures (
 great m54 ,i am p]haps wrong1 h[ev]1   
because ,flaxman ev5 at 8 be/ has n yet 
t\*$ me v deeply1 & ,i h>dly ev] hope to
 escape ?is limitation ( my rul+ />s4 ,t
 ,signorelli does n seem greatly m      
int]e/+ except "h & !re1 z 9 ! draw+ (  
',! ,angel1' full ( innoc5ce & en]gy1   
com+ f ! boat :i* has c>ri$ s _m s\ls to
 ! foot ( ! m\nta9 ( purgation1 c only  
be because "o kn[s him ?r\gh poor       
reproductions f frescoes half m\ld]$    
away ) damp4 ,a little-kn[n s]ies1 drawn
 by ,adolph ,/rl]1 an arti/ ( ,g]man    
extraction1 :o 0 settl$ 9 ,flor5ce 9 !  

fir/ half ( ?is c5tury1 are v poor 9    
draw+1 v pa!tic & p[]ful 9 inv5tion1 &  
full ( mo/ int]e/+ pre-,raphaelitic     
detail4 ,!re are admirable & mov+       
figures1 :o1 hav+ set love above reason1
 li/5 9 ! la/ ab&onm5t ( despair to !   
judgm5t ( ,m9os1 or walk ) a poignant   
melan*oly to ! foot ( 8 ?rone ?r\gh a l&
 :]e owls & /range bea/s move hi!r &    
?i!r ) ! /]ile cont5t ( ! evil t nei!r  
loves nor hates1 & a ,c]b]us full (     
pati5t cruelty4 ,all ,/rl]'s designs h1 
h[ev]1 ! languor ( a m9d t does its "w  
by a succession ( delicate critical     
p]ceptions r ?an ! decision & en]gy (   
true creation1 & are m a curi\s         
contribution to arti/ic me?ods ?an an   
imag9ative =ce4  ,! only designs t      
compete ) ,blake's are ^? ( ,botticelli 
& ,giulio ,clovio1 & ^! contra/ r ?an   
compete2 = ,blake did n live to c>ry 8  
',p>adiso' beyond ! fir/ fa9t p5cill+s1 
! fir/ ?9 wa%es ( col\r1 :ile           
,botticelli only1 z ,i ?9k1 became      
supremely imag9ative 9 8 ',p>adiso1' &  

,clovio nev] attempt$ ! ',inf]no' &     
',purgatorio' at all4 ,! imag9ations (  
,botticelli & ,clovio 7 ov]%ad[$ by !   
cloi/]1 & x 0 only :5 !y pass$ beyond ! 
_w or into "s noble peace1 :i* is n !   
_w's peace1 t !y won a p]fect fre$om4   
,blake _h n su* ma/]y ov] figure &      
drap]y z _h ,botticelli1 b he c\ld      
sympa?ize ) ! p]sons & delight 9 ! sc5]y
 ( ! ',inf]no' & ! ',purgatorio' z      
,botticelli c\ld n1 & c\ld fill !m ) a  
my/]i\s & spiritual significance born   
p]haps ( my/ical pan!ism4 ,! flames (   
,botticelli give "o no emotion1 & 8 c> (
 ,beatrice is no symbolic *>iot ( !     
,*ur* l$ by ! gryphon1 half eagle1 half 
lion1 ( ,*ri/'s dual nature1 b is a     
fragm5t ( "s m$ival pageant pictur$ ) a 
m]ely te*nical inspiration4 ,clovio1 !  
illum9ator ( missals1 has tri$ to create
 ) t too easy h& ( 8 a ,p>adise ( s]5e  
air reflect$ 9 a little mirror1 a heav5 
( sociability & humility & prett9ess1 a 
heav5 ( wom5 & ( monks2 b "o _c imag9e  
him deeply mov$1 z ! mod]n _w is mov$1  

by ! symbolism ( bird & bea/1 ( tree &  
m\nta91 ( flame & d>kness4 ,x 0 a pr(\nd
 und]/&+ ( all creatures & ?+s1 a pr(\nd
 sympa?y ) passionate & lo/ s\ls1 made  
possible 9 _! extreme int5sity by 8     
revolt aga9/ corporeal law1 & corporeal 
reason1 :i* made ,blake ! "o p]fectly   
fit illu/rator = ! ',inf]no' & !        
',purgatorio'3 9 ! s]5e & raptur\s      
empt9ess ( ,dante's ,p>adise he w\ld f9d
 no symbols b a few ab/ract emblems1 &  
he _h no love = ! ab/ract1 :ile ) !     
drap]y & ! ge/ures ( ,beatrice &        
,virgil1 he w\ld h prosp]$ less ?an     
,botticelli or ev5 ,clovio4  #ahig4     
,,symbolism ,,9 ,,pa9t+   ,9 ,engl&1 :i*
 has made great ,symbolic ,art1 mo/ p   
dislike an art if !y are told x is      
symbolic1 = !y confuse symbol &         
allegory4 ,ev5 ,johnson's ,diction>y    
sees no great diff]5ce1 = x calls a     
,symbol ',t :i* compreh5ds 9 its figure 
a repres5tation ( some?+ else'2 & an    
,allegory1 ',a figurative disc\rse1 9   
:i* some?+ o!r is int5d$ ?an is conta9$ 

9 ! words lit]ally tak54' ,x is only a v
 mod]n ,diction>y t calls a ,symbol '!  
sign or repres5tation ( any moral ?+ by 
! images or prop]ties ( natural ?+s1'   
:i*1 ?\gh an imp]fect def9ition1 is n   
unlike ',! ?+s bel[ are z ! ?+s above' (
 ! ,em]ald ,tablet ( ,h]mes6 ,! ,fa]y   
,que5 & ,! ,pilgrim's ,progress h be5 s 
important 9 ,engl& t ,allegory has      
ov]topp$ ,symbolism1 & = a "t has       
ov]:elm$ x 9 its own d[nfall4 ,william  
,blake 0 p]haps ! fir/ mod]n to insi/ on
 a diff]5ce2 & ! o!r day1 :5 ,i sat = my
 portrait to a ,g]man ,symboli/ 9 ,p>is1
 ^: talk 0 all ( 8 love = ,symbolism & 8
 hatr$ = ,allegory1 8 def9itions 7 !    
same z ,william ,blake's1 ( :om he knew 
no?+4 ,william ,blake has writt51       
',vision or imag9ation'--mean+ symbolism
 by ^! words--'is a repres5tation ( :at 
actually exi/s1 really or un*angeably4  
,fable or ,allegory is =m$ by ! daught]s
 ( ,memory4' ,! ,g]man insi/$ ) _m      
det]m9$ ge/ures1 t ,symbolism said ?+s  
:i* c\ld n be said s p]fectly 9 any o!r 

way1 & ne$$ b a "r in/9ct = its und]/&+2
 :ile ,allegory said ?+s :i* c\ld be    
said z well1 or bett]1 9 ano!r way1 &   
ne$$ a "r k = its und]/&+4 ,! "o gave   
dumb ?+s voices1 & bodiless ?+s bodies2 
:ile ! o!r read a mean+--:i* _h nev]    
lack$ its voice or its body--into some?+
 he>d or se51 & lov$ less = ! mean+ ?an 
= its own sake4 ,! only symbols he c>$ =
 7 ! %apes & motions ( ! body2 e>s hidd5
 by ! hair1 to make "o ?9k ( a m9d busy 
) inn] voices2 & a head s b5t t back &  
neck made ! "o curve1 z 9 ,blake's      
',vision ( ,blood?ir/9ess1' to call up  
an emotion ( bodily /r5g?2 & he w\ld n  
put ev5 a lily1 or a rose1 or a poppy   
into a picture to express purity1 or    
love1 or sleep1 because he ?\ght su*    
emblems 7 allegorical1 & _h _! mean+ by 
a traditional & n by a natural "r4 ,i   
said t ! rose1 & ! lily1 & ! poppy 7 s  
m>ri$1 by _! col\r & _! od\r1 & _! use1 
to love & purity & sleep1 or to o!r     
symbols ( love & purity & sleep1 & _h   
be5 s long a "p ( ! imag9ation ( ! _w1 t

 a symboli/ might use !m to help out 8  
mean+ )\t becom+ an allegori/4 ,i ?9k ,i
 quot$ ! lily 9 ! h& ( ! angel 9        
,rossetti's ',annunciation1' & ! lily 9 
! j> 9 8 ',*ildhood ( ,m>y ,virg91' &   
?\ght !y made ! m important symbols1 !  
wom5's bodies1 & ! angels' bodies1 & !  
cle> morn+ light1 take t place1 9 !     
great procession ( ,*ri/ian symbols1 :]e
 !y c alone h all _! mean+ & all _!     
beauty4  ,x is h>d to say :]e ,allegory 
& ,symbolism melt into "o ano!r1 b x is 
n h>d to say :]e ei!r comes to its      
p]fection2 & ?\gh "o may d\bt :e!r      
,allegory or ,symbolism is ! great] 9 ! 
horns ( ,mi*ael ,angelo's ',moses1' "o  
ne$ n d\bt t its symbolism has help$ to 
awak5 ! mod]n imag9ation2 :ile          
,t9toretto's ',orig9 ( ! ,milky ,way1'  
:i* is ,allegory )\t any ,symbolism1 is1
 ap>t f its f9e pa9t+1 b a mom5t's      
amusem5t = our fancy4 ,a hundr$         
g5]ations might write out :at seem$ !   
mean+ ( ! "o1 & !y w\ld write diff]5t   
mean+s1 = no symbol tells all its mean+ 

to any g5]ation2 b :5 y h said1 ',t     
woman !re is ,juno1 & ! milk out ( h]   
brea/ is mak+ ! ,milky ,way1' y h told !
 mean+ ( ! o!r1 & ! f9e pa9t+1 :i* has  
add$ s mu* irrelevant beauty1 has n told
 x bett]4  ,all ,art t is n m]e         
/orytell+1 or m]e portraiture1 is       
symbolic1 & has ! purpose ( ^? symbolic 
talismans :i* m$ival magicians made )   
complex col\rs & =ms1 & bade _! pati5ts 
pond] ov] daily1 & gu>d ) holy secrecy2 
= x entangles1 9 complex col\rs & =ms1 a
 "p ( ! ,div9e ,ess5ce4 ,a p]son or a   
l&scape t is a "p ( a /ory or a         
portrait1 evokes b s mu* emotion z !    
/ory or ! portrait c p]mit )\t loos5+ ! 
bonds t make x a /ory or a portrait2 b  
if y lib]ate a p]son or a l&scape f !   
bonds ( motives & _! actions1 causes &  
_! effects1 & f all bonds b ! bonds (   
y\r love1 x w *ange "u y\r eyes1 &      
become a symbol ( an inf9ite emotion1 a 
p]fect$ emotion1 a "p ( ! ,div9e        
,ess5ce2 = we love no?+ b ! p]fect1 &   
our dreams make all ?+s p]fect1 t we may

 love !m4 ,religi\s & vision>y p1 monks 
& nuns1 & m$ic9e-m51 & opium-eat]s1 see 
symbols 9 _! trances2 = religi\s &      
vision>y ?\ght is ?\ght ab\t p]fection &
 ! way to p]fection2 & symbols are !    
only ?+s free en\gh f all bonds to speak
 ( p]fection4  ,wagn]'s dramas1 ,keats' 
odes1 ,blake's pictures & poems1        
,calv]t's pictures1 ,rossetti's         
pictures1 ,villi]s ,de l',isle ,adam's  
plays1 & ! black-&-:ite art ( ,mr4      
,be>dsley & ,mr4 ,ricketts1 & !         
li?ographs ( ,mr4 ,%annon1 & ! pictures 
( ,mr4 ,:i/l]1 & ! plays ( ,m4          
,maet]l9ck1 & ! poetry ( ,v]la9e1 9 our 
own day1 b diff] f ! religi\s art (     
,giotto & 8 disciples 9 hav+ accept$ all
 symbolisms1 ! symbolism ( ! anci5t     
%eph]ds & />-gaz]s1 t symbolism ( bodily
 beauty :i* seem$ a wick$ ?+ to ,fra    
,angelico1 ! symbolism 9 day & night1 & 
w9t] & summ]1 spr+ & autumn1 once s     
great a "p ( an old] religion ?an       
,*ri/ianity2 & 9 hav+ accept$ all !     
,div9e ,intellect1 its ang] & its pity1 

its wak+ & its sleep1 its love & its    
lu/1 = ! sub/ance ( _! art4 ,a ,keats or
 a ,calv]t is z mu* a symboli/ z a      
,blake or a ,wagn]2 b he is a fragm5t>y 
symboli/1 = :ile he evokes 9 8 p]sons & 
8 l&scapes an inf9ite emotion1 a p]fect$
 emotion1 a "p ( ! ,div9e ,ess5ce1 he   
does n set 8 symbols 9 ! great          
procession z ,blake w\ld h him1 '9 a    
c]ta9 ord]1 suit$' to 8 'imag9ative     
en]gy4' ,if y pa9t a beautiful woman &  
fill h] face1 z ,rossetti fill$ s _m    
faces1 ) an inf9ite love1 a p]fect$     
love1 '"o's eyes meet no mortal ?+ :5 !y
 meet ! light ( h] peaceful eyes1' z    
,mi*ael ,angelo said ( ,vittoria        
,colonna2 b "o's ?\ghts /ray to mortal  
?+s1 & ask1 maybe1 ',has h] lov] gone f 
h]1 or is he com+8' or ',:at pre-de/9at$
 unhapp9ess has made ! %ad[ 9 h] eyes8' 
,if y pa9t ! same face1 & set a w+$ rose
 or a rose ( gold some:]e ab\t h]1 "o's 
?\ghts are ( h] immortal si/]s1 ,pity & 
,jeal\sy1 & ( h] "m1 ,ance/ral ,beauty1 
& ( h] high k9sm51 ! ,holy ,ord]s1 ^:   

swords make a cont9ual music be=e h]    
face4 ,! sy/ematic my/ic is n ! greate/ 
( arti/s1 because 8 imag9ation is too   
great to be b\nd$ by a picture or a     
song1 & because only imp]fection 9 a    
mirror ( p]fection1 or p]fection 9 a    
mirror ( imp]fection1 delight our       
frailty4 ,!re is inde$ a sy/ematic my/ic
 9 e poet or pa9t] :o1 l ,rossetti1     
delights 9 a traditional ,symbolism1 or1
 l ,wagn]1 delights 9 a p]sonal         
,symbolism2 & su* m5 (t5 fall into      
trances1 or h wak+ dreams4 ,_! ?\ght    
w&]s f ! woman :o is ,love h]self1 to h]
 si/]s & h] =ebe>s1 & to all ! great    
procession2 & s augu/ a beauty moves    
be=e ! m9d1 t !y =get ! ?+s :i* move    
be=e ! eyes4 ,william ,blake1 :o 0 !    
*anticle] ( ! new dawn1 has writt53 ',if
 ! spectator c\ld ent] into "o ( ^!     
images ( 8 imag9ation1 approa*+ !m on ! 
fi]y *>iot ( 8 contemplative ?\ght1 if  
444 he c\ld make a fri5d & companion (  
"o ( ^! images ( wond]1 :i* always      
entreat him to leave mortal ?+s 7z he   

mu/ "k71 !n w\ld he arise f ! grave1 !n 
w\ld he meet ! ,"l 9 ! air1 & !n he w\ld
 be happy4' ,& aga91 ',! _w ( imag9ation
 is ! _w ( ,et]nity4 ,x is ! ,div9e     
bosom into :i* we %all all g aft] ! dea?
 ( ! vegetat$ body4 ,! _w ( imag9ation  
is inf9ite & et]nal1 :]eas ! _w (       
g5]ation or vegetation is f9ite &       
temporal4 ,!re exi/ 9 t et]nal _w !     
et]nal realities ( ev]y?+ :i* we see    
reflect$ 9 ! vegetable glass ( nature4' 
,e vision>y kn[s t ! m9d's eye soon     
comes to see a caprici\s & v>iable _w1  
:i* ! w _c %ape or *ange1 ?\gh x c call 
x up & bani% x aga94 ,i clos$ my eyes a 
mom5t ago1 & a company ( p 9 blue robes 
swept by me 9 a bl9d+ light1 & _h gone  
be=e ,i _h done m ?an see little roses  
embroid]$ on ! hems ( _! robes1 &       
confus$1 blossom+ apple-b\ghs some:]e   
beyond !m1 & recogniz$ "o ( ! company by
 8 squ>e1 black curl+ be>d4 ,i h (t5 se5
 him2 & "o night a ye> ago1 ,i ask$ him 
que/ions :i* he answ]$ by %[+ me fl[]s &
 preci\s /ones1 ( ^: mean+ ,i _h no k1 &

 he seem$ too p]fect$ a s\l = any k t _c
 be spok5 9 symbol or metaphor4  ,are he
 & 8 blue-rob$ companions1 & _! l1 '!   
,et]nal realities' ( :i* we are !       
reflection '9 ! vegetable glass (       
nature1' or a mom5t>y dream8 ,to answ]  
is to take sides 9 ! only controv]sy 9  
:i* x is greatly wor? tak+ sides1 & 9 ! 
only controv]sy :i* may nev] be decid$4 
#ahih4     ,,! ,,symbolism ,,( ,,poetry 
,i  ',symbolism1 z se5 9 ! writ]s ( our 
day1 w\ld h no value if x 7 n se5 also1 
"u "o disguise or ano!r1 9 e great      
imag9ative writ]1' writes ,mr4 ,ar?ur   
,symons 9 ,! ,symboli/ ,movem5t 9       
,lit]ature1 a subtle book :i* ,i _c     
praise z ,i w\ld1 because x has be5     
d$icat$ to me2 & he goes on to %[ h[ _m 
pr(\nd writ]s h 9 ! la/ few ye>s s\ght =
 a philosophy ( poetry 9 ! doctr9e (    
symbolism1 & h[ ev5 9 c\ntries :]e x is 
almo/ sc&al\s to seek = any philosophy (
 poetry1 new writ]s are foll[+ !m 9 _!  
se>*4 ,we d n "k :at ! writ]s ( anci5t  
times talk$ ( among !mselves1 & "o bull 

is all t rema9s ( ,%akespe>e's talk1 :o 
0 on ! edge ( mod]n times2 & ! j\rnali/ 
is conv9c$1 x seems1 t !y talk$ ( w9e & 
wom5 & politics1 b nev] ab\t _! art1 or 
nev] q s]i\sly ab\t _! art4 ,he is c]ta9
 t no "o1 :o _h a philosophy ( 8 art or 
a !ory ( h[ he %\ld write1 has ev] made 
a "w ( art1 t p h no imag9ation :o d n  
write )\t =e?\ght & aft]?\ght z he      
writes 8 own articles4 ,he says ?is )   
en?usiasm1 because he has he>d x at s _m
 com=table d9n]-tables1 :]e "s "o _h    
m5tion$ ?r\gh c>elessness1 or fooli%    
zeal1 a book ^: difficulty _h (f5d$     
indol5ce1 or a man :o _h n =gott5 t     
beauty is an accusation4 ,^? =mulas &   
g5]alizations1 9 :i* a hidd5 s]geant has
 drill$ ! ideas ( j\rnali/s & ?r\gh !m !
 ideas ( all b all ! mod]n _w1 h creat$ 
9 _! turn a =getfulness l t ( soldi]s 9 
battle1 s t j\rnali/s & _! read]s h     
=gott51 among _m l ev5ts1 t ,wagn] sp5t 
sev5 ye>s arrang+ & expla9+ 8 ideas be=e
 he began 8 mo/ *>act]i/ic music2 t     
op]a1 & ) x mod]n music1 arose f c]ta9  

talks at ! h\se ( "o ,giovanni ,b>di (  
,flor5ce2 & t ! ,pleiade laid !         
f\ndations ( mod]n ,fr5* lit]ature ) a  
pamphlet4 ,goe! has said1 'a poet ne$s  
all philosophy1 b he mu/ keep x out ( 8 
"w1' ?\gh t is n always necess>y2 &     
c]ta9ly he _c "k too mu*1 :e!r ab\t 8   
own "w1 or ab\t ! procreant wat]s ( !   
s\l :]e ! brea? fir/ mov$1 or ab\t !    
wat]s "u ! e>? t are ! life ( pass+ ?+s2
 & almo/ c]ta9ly no great art1 outside  
,engl&1 :]e j\rnali/s are m p[]ful &    
ideas less pl5tiful ?an else:]e1 has    
aris5 )\t a great criticism1 = its h]ald
 or its int]pret] & protector1 & x is   
p]haps = ?is reason t great art1 n[ t   
vulg>ity has arm$ itself & multipli$    
itself1 is p]haps dead 9 ,engl&4  ,all  
writ]s1 all arti/s ( any k9d1 9 s f> z  
!y h _h any philosophical or critical   
p[]1 p]haps j 9 s f> z !y h be5         
delib]ate arti/s at all1 h _h "s        
philosophy1 "s criticism ( _! art2 & x  
has (t5 be5 ?is philosophy1 or ?is      
criticism1 t has evok$ _! mo/ />tl+     

inspiration1 call+ into out] life "s    
portion ( ! div9e life1 ( ! buri$       
reality1 :i* c\ld alone ext+ui% 9 !     
emotions :at _! philosophy or _!        
criticism w\ld ext+ui% 9 ! intellect4   
,!y h s\ght = no new ?+1 x may be1 b    
only to und]/& & to copy ! pure         
inspiration ( e>ly times1 b because !   
div9e life w>s ^u our out] life1 & mu/  
ne$s *ange its weapons & its movem5ts z 
we *ange ours1 inspiration has come to  
!m 9 beautiful />tl+ %apes4 ,! sci5tific
 movem5t br\ght ) x a lit]ature1 :i* 0  
always t5d+ to lose itself 9            
ext]nalities ( all k9ds1 9 op9ion1 9    
declamation1 9 picturesque writ+1 9     
^w-pa9t+1 or 9 :at ,mr4 ,symons has     
call$ an attempt 'to build 9 brick &    
mort> inside ! cov]s ( a book'2 & n[    
writ]s h begun to dwell ^u ! elem5t (   
evocation1 ( sugge/ion1 ^u :at we call !
 symbolism 9 great writ]s4   ,,ii  ,9   
',symbolism 9 ,pa9t+' ,i tri$ to        
describe ! elem5t ( symbolism t is 9    
pictures & sculpture1 & describ$ a      

little ! symbolism 9 poetry1 b did n    
describe at all ! cont9u\s indef9able   
symbolism :i* is ! sub/ance ( all /yle4 
,!re are no l9es ) m melan*oly beauty   
?an ^! by ,burns--    ',! :ite moon is  
sett+ beh9d ! :ite wave1   ,& ,"t is    
sett+ ) me1 ,o6'  & ^! l9es are p]fectly
 symbolical4 ,take f !m ! :it5ess ( !   
moon & ( ! wave1 ^: relation to ! sett+ 
( ,"t is too subtle = ! intellect1 & y  
take f !m _! beauty4 ,b1 :5 all are     
toge!r1 moon & wave & :it5ess & sett+   
,"t & ! melan*oly cry1 !y evoke an      
emotion :i* _c be evok$ by any o!r      
arrangem5t ( col\rs & s\nds & =ms4 ,we  
may call ?is metaphorical writ+1 b x is 
bett] to call x symbolical writ+1       
because metaphors are n pr(\nd en\gh to 
be mov+1 :5 !y are n symbols1 & :5 !y   
are symbols !y are ! mo/ p]fect1 because
 ! mo/ subtle1 outside ( pure s\nd1 &   
?r\gh !m "o c ! be/ f9d out :at symbols 
are4 ,if "o beg9s ! rev]ie ) any        
beautiful l9es t "o c rememb]1 "o f9ds  
!y are all l ^? by ,burns4 ,beg9 ) ?is  

l9e by ,blake--    ',! gay fi%es on !   
wave :5 ! moon sucks up ! dew2'  or ^!  
l9es by ,na%--    ',brightness falls f !
 air1   ,que5s h di$ "y & fair1   ,du/  
ha? clos$ ,hel5's eye2'  or ^! l9es by  
,%akespe>e--    ',timon ha? made 8      
ev]la/+ mansion   ,^u ! bea*$ v]ge ( !  
salt flood2   ,:o once a day ) 8 emboss$
 fro?   ,! turbul5t surge %all cov]2'   
or take "s l9e t is q simple1 t gets its
 beauty f its place 9 a /ory1 & see h[ x
 flick]s ) ! light ( ! _m symbols t h   
giv5 ! /ory its beauty1 z a sword-blade 
may flick] ) ! light ( burn+ t[]s4  ,all
 s\nds1 all col\rs1 all =ms1 ei!r       
because ( _! pre-orda9$ en]gies or      
because ( long association1 evoke       
indef9able & yet precise emotions1 or1 z
 ,i pref] to ?9k1 call d[n among u c]ta9
 disembodi$ p[]s1 ^: foot/eps ov] our   
he>ts we call emotions2 & :5 s\nd1 &    
col\r1 & =m are 9 a musical relation1 a 
beautiful relation to "o ano!r1 !y      
become z x 7 "o s\nd1 "o col\r1 "o =m1 &
 evoke an emotion t is made out ( _!    

di/9ct evocations & yet is "o emotion4  
,! same relation exi/s betwe5 all       
portions ( e "w ( art1 :e!r x be an epic
 or a song1 & ! m p]fect x is1 & ! m    
v>i\s & num]\s ! elem5ts t h fl[$ into  
its p]fection1 ! m p[]ful w be !        
emotion1 ! p[]1 ! god x calls among u4  
,because an emotion does n exi/1 or does
 n become p]ceptible & active among u1  
till x has f\nd its expression1 9 col\r 
or 9 s\nd or 9 =m1 or 9 all ( ^!1 &     
because no two modulations or           
arrangem5ts ( ^! evoke ! same emotion1  
poets & pa9t]s & musicians1 & 9 a less  
degree because _! effects are mom5t>y1  
day & night & cl\d & %ad[1 are          
cont9ually mak+ & unmak+ mank9d4 ,x is  
inde$ only ^? ?+s :i* seem useless or v 
feeble t h any p[]1 & all ^? ?+s t seem 
useful or /rong1 armies1 mov+ :eels1    
modes ( ar*itecture1 modes ( gov]nm5t1  
speculations ( ! reason1 w\ld h be5 a   
little diff]5t if "s m9d long ago _h n  
giv5 itself to "s emotion1 z a woman    
gives h]self to h] lov]1 & %ap$ s\nds or

 col\rs or =ms1 or all ( ^!1 into a     
musical relation1 t _! emotion might    
live 9 o!r m9ds4 ,a little lyric evokes 
an emotion1 & ?is emotion ga!rs o!rs    
ab\t x & melts into _! be+ 9 ! mak+ ( "s
 great epic2 & at la/1 ne$+ an always   
less delicate body1 or symbol1 z x gr[s 
m p[]ful1 x fl[s out1 ) all x has ga!r$1
 among ! bl9d in/9cts ( daily life1 :]e 
x moves a p[] )9 p[]s1 z "o sees r+ )9  
r+ 9 ! /em ( an old tree4 ,?is is maybe 
:at ,ar?ur ,o',%aughnessy meant :5 he   
made 8 poets say !y _h built ,n9eveh )  
_! sigh+2 & ,i am c]ta9ly nev] c]ta91 :5
 ,i he> ( "s w>1 or ( "s religi\s       
excitem5t1 or ( "s new manufacture1 or (
 any?+ else t fills ! e> ( ! _w1 t x has
 n all happ5$ because ( some?+ t a boy  
pip$ 9 ,!ssaly4 ,i rememb] once ask+ a  
se] to ask "o among ! gods :o1 z %e     
believ$1 7 /&+ ab\t h] 9 _! symbolic    
bodies1 :at w\ld come ( a *>m+ b seem+  
trivial lab\r ( a fri5d1 & ! =m answ]+1 
'! deva/ation ( peoples & ! ov]:elm+ (  
cities4' ,i d\bt inde$ if ! crude       

circum/ance ( ! _w1 :i* seems to create 
all our emotions1 does m ?an reflect1 z 
9 multiply+ mirrors1 ! emotions t h come
 to solit>y m5 9 mom5ts ( poetical      
contemplation2 or t love itself w\ld be 
m ?an an animal hung] b = ! poet & 8    
%ad[ ! prie/1 = unless we believe t out]
 ?+s are ! reality1 we mu/ believe t !  
gross is ! %ad[ ( ! subtle1 t ?+s are   
wise be=e !y become fooli%1 & secret    
be=e !y cry out 9 ! m>ket-place4        
,solit>y m5 9 mom5ts ( contemplation    
receive1 z ,i ?9k1 ! creative impulse f 
! l[e/ ( ! ,n9e ,hi]>*ies1 & s make &   
unmake mank9d1 & ev5 ! _w itself1 = does
 n '! eye alt]+ alt] all'8    ',our t[ns
 are copi$ fragm5ts f our brea/2   ,&   
all man's ,babylons /rive b to imp>t    
,! gr&eurs ( 8 ,babylonian he>t4'       
,,iii  ,! purpose ( rhy?m1 x has always 
seem$ to me1 is to prolong ! mom5t (    
contemplation1 ! mom5t :5 we are bo?    
asleep & awake1 :i* is ! "o mom5t (     
creation1 by hu%+ u ) an allur+         
monotony1 :ile x holds u wak+ by v>iety1

 to keep u 9 t /ate ( p]haps real       
trance1 9 :i* ! m9d lib]at$ f ! pressure
 ( ! w is unfold$ 9 symbols4 ,if c]ta9  
s5sitive p]sons li/5 p]si/5tly to !     
tick+ ( a wat*1 or gaze p]si/5tly on !  
monoton\s fla%+ ( a light1 !y fall into 
! hypnotic trance2 & rhy?m is b ! tick+ 
( a wat* made s(t]1 t "o mu/ ne$s li/51 
& v>i\s1 t "o may n be swept beyond     
memory or gr[ we>y ( li/5+2 :ile !      
patt]ns ( ! arti/ are b ! monoton\s fla%
 wov5 to take ! eyes 9 a subtl]         
en*antm5t4 ,i h he>d 9 m$itation voices 
t 7 =gott5 ! mom5t !y _h spok52 & ,i h  
be5 swept1 :5 9 m pr(\nd m$itation1     
beyond all memory b ( ^? ?+s t came f   
beyond ! ?re%old ( wak+ life4 ,i 0 writ+
 once at a v symbolical & ab/ract poem1 
:5 my p5 fell on ! gr\nd2 & z ,i /oop$  
to pick x up1 ,i rememb]$ "s phanta/ic  
adv5ture t yet did n seem phanta/ic1 &  
!n ano!r l adv5ture1 & :5 ,i ask$ myself
 :5 ^! ?+s _h happ5$1 ,i f\nd t ,i 0    
rememb]+ my dreams = _m nights4 ,i tri$ 
to rememb] :at ,i _h done ! day be=e1 & 

!n :at ,i _h done t morn+2 b all my wak+
 life _h p]i%$ f me1 & x 0 only aft] a  
/ruggle t ,i came to rememb] x aga91 & z
 ,i did s t m p[]ful & />tl+ life p]i%$ 
9 its turn4 ,_h my p5 n fall5 on ! gr\nd
 & s made me turn f ! images t ,i 0     
weav+ into v]se1 ,i w\ld nev] h kn[n t  
m$itation _h become trance1 = ,i w\ld h 
be5 l "o :o does n "k t he is pass+     
?r\gh a wood because 8 eyes are on !    
pa?way4 ,s ,i ?9k t 9 ! mak+ & 9 !      
und]/&+ ( a "w ( art1 & ! m easily if x 
is full ( patt]ns & symbols & music1 we 
are lur$ to ! ?re%old ( sleep1 & x may  
be f> beyond x1 )\t kn[+ t we h ev] set 
our feet ^u ! /eps ( horn or ( ivory4   
,,iv  ,besides emotional symbols1       
symbols t evoke emotions alone1--& 9 ?is
 s5se all allur+ or hateful ?+s are     
symbols1 al?\gh _! relations ) "o ano!r 
are too subtle to delight u fully1 away 
f rhy?m & patt]n1--!re are intellectual 
symbols1 symbols t evoke ideas alone1 or
 ideas m+l$ ) emotions2 & outside ! v   
def9ite traditions ( my/icism & ! less  

def9ite criticism ( c]ta9 mod]n poets1  
^! alone are call$ symbols4 ,mo/ ?+s    
belong to "o or ano!r k9d1 accord+ to ! 
way we speak ( !m & ! companions we give
 !m1 = symbols1 associat$ ) ideas t are 
m ?an fragm5ts ( ! %ad[s ?r[n ^u !      
intellect by ! emotions !y evoke1 are ! 
play?+s ( ! allegori/ or ! p$ant1 & soon
 pass away4 ,if ,i say ':ite' or        
'purple' 9 an ord9>y l9e ( poetry1 !y   
evoke emotions s exclusively t ,i _c say
 :y !y move me2 b if ,i say !m 9 ! same 
mood1 9 ! same brea? ) su* obvi\s       
intellectual symbols z a cross or a cr[n
 ( ?orns1 ,i ?9k ( purity & sov]eignty2 
:ile innum]able o!r mean+s1 :i* are held
 to "o ano!r by ! bondage ( subtle      
sugge/ion1 & alike 9 ! emotions & 9 !   
intellect1 move visibly ?r\gh my m9d1 & 
move invisibly beyond ! ?re%old ( sleep1
 ca/+ lights & %ad[s ( an indef9able    
wisdom on :at _h seem$ be=e1 x may be1 b
 /]ility & noisy viol5ce4 ,x is !       
intellect t decides :]e ! read] %all    
pond] ov] ! procession ( ! symbols1 & if

 ! symbols are m]ely emotional1 he gazes
 f amid ! accid5ts & de/9ies ( ! _w2 b  
if ! symbols are intellectual too1 he   
becomes himself a "p ( pure intellect1 &
 he is himself m+l$ ) ! procession4 ,if 
,i wat* a ru%y pool 9 ! moonlight1 my   
emotion at its beauty is mix$ ) memories
 ( ! man t ,i h se5 pl\gh+ by its m>g91 
or ( ! lov]s ,i saw !re a night ago2 b  
if ,i look at ! moon h]self & rememb]   
any ( h] anci5t names & mean+s1 ,i move 
among div9e p1 & ?+s t h %ak5 (f our    
mortality1 ! t[] ( ivory1 ! que5 (      
wat]s1 ! %9+ /ag among en*ant$ woods1 ! 
:ite h>e sitt+ ^u ! hilltop1 ! fool (   
fa]y ) 8 %9+ cup full ( dreams1 & x may 
be 'make a fri5d ( "o ( ^! images (     
wond]1' & 'meet ! ,"l 9 ! air4' ,s1 too1
 if "o is mov$ by ,%akespe>e1 :o is     
cont5t ) emotional symbols t he may come
 ! ne>] to our sympa?y1 "o is mix$ ) !  
:ole spectacle ( ! _w2 :ile if "o is    
mov$ by ,dante1 or by ! my? ( ,demet]1  
"o is mix$ into ! %ad[ ( ,god or ( a    
goddess4 ,s too "o is fur!/ f symbols :5

 "o is busy do+ ?is or t1 b ! s\l moves 
among symbols & unfolds 9 symbols :5    
trance1 or madness1 or deep m$itation   
has )drawn x f e impulse b its own4 ',i 
!n saw1' wrote ,gr>d de ,n]val ( 8      
madness1 'vaguely drift+ into =m1 pla/ic
 images ( antiquity1 :i* outl9$         
!mselves1 became def9ite1 & seem$ to    
repres5t symbols ( :i* ,i only seiz$ !  
idea ) difficulty4' ,9 an e>li] "t he   
w\ld h be5 ( t multitude1 ^: s\ls       
au/]ity )drew1 ev5 m p]fectly ?an       
madness c\ld )draw 8 s\l1 f hope &      
memory1 f desire & regret1 t !y might   
reveal ^? processions ( symbols t m5 b[ 
to be=e alt>s1 & woo ) inc5se & (f]+s4  
,b be+ ( our "t1 he has be5 l           
,maet]l9ck1 l ,villi]s de l',isle ,adam 
9 ,axl1 l all :o are preoccupi$ )       
intellectual symbols 9 our "t1 a =e%ad[]
 ( ! new sacr$ book1 ( :i* all ! arts1 z
 somebody has said1 are begg+ to dream1 
& because1 z ,i ?9k1 !y _c ov]come ! sl[
 dy+ ( m5's he>ts t we call ! progress (
 ! _w1 & lay _! h&s ^u m5's he>t-/r+s   

aga91 )\t becom+ ! g>m5t ( religion z 9 
old times4   ,v  ,if p 7 to accept !    
!ory t poetry moves u because ( its     
symbolism1 :at *ange %\ld "o look = 9 ! 
mann] ( our poetry8 ,a return to ! way (
 our fa!rs1 a ca/+ out ( descriptions ( 
nature = ! sake ( nature1 ( ! moral law 
= ! sake ( ! moral law1 a ca/+ out ( all
 anecdotes & ( t brood+ ov] sci5tific   
op9ion t s (t5 ext+ui%$ ! c5tral flame 9
 ,t5nyson1 & ( t vehem5ce t w\ld make u 
d or n d c]ta9 ?+s2 or1 9 o!r words1 we 
%\ld come to und]/& t ! b]yl /one 0     
en*ant$ by our fa!rs t x might unfold ! 
pictures 9 its he>t1 & n to mirror our  
own excit$ faces1 or ! b\ghs wav+       
outside ! w9d[4 ,) ?is *ange ( sub/ance1
 ?is return to imag9ation1 ?is und]/&+ t
 ! laws ( art1 :i* are ! hidd5 laws ( ! 
_w1 c alone b9d ! imag9ation1 w\ld come 
a *ange ( /yle1 & we w\ld ca/ out (     
s]i\s poetry ^? en]getic rhy?ms1 z ( a  
man runn+1 :i* are ! inv5tion ( ! w )   
its eyes always on some?+ to be done or 
undone2 & we w\ld seek out ^? wav]+1    

m$itative1 organic rhy?ms1 :i* are !    
embodim5t ( ! imag9ation1 t nei!r       
desires nor hates1 because x has done ) 
"t1 & only wi%es to gaze ^u "s reality1 
"s beauty2 nor w\ld x be any long]      
possible = anybody to d5y ! importance (
 =m1 9 all its k9ds1 = al?\gh y c exp\nd
 an op9ion1 or describe a ?+ :5 y\r     
words are n q well *os51 y _c give a    
body to some?+ t moves beyond ! s5ses1  
unless y\r words are z subtle1 z        
complex1 z full ( my/]i\s life1 z ! body
 ( a fl[] or ( a woman4 ,! =m ( s9c]e   
poetry1 unlike ! =m ( ! popul> poetry1  
may inde$ be sometimes obscure1 or      
ungrammatical z 9 "s ( ! be/ ( ! ,songs 
( ,innoc5ce & ,exp]i5ce1 b x mu/ h !    
p]fections t escape analysis1 !         
subtleties t h a new mean+ e day1 & x   
mu/ h all ?is :e!r x be b a little song 
made out ( a mom5t ( dreamy indol5ce1 or
 "s great epic made out ( ! dreams ( "o 
poet & ( a hundr$ g5]ations ^: h&s 7    
nev] we>y ( ! sword4  #aijj4     ,,!    
,,!atre   ,i  ,i rememb]1 "s ye>s ago1  

advis+ a di/+ui%$1 ?\gh too little      
recogniz$1 writ] ( poetical plays to    
write a play z unlike ord9>y plays z    
possible1 t x might be judg$ ) a fre%   
m9d1 & to put x on ! /age 9 "s small    
suburban !atre1 :]e a small audi5ce w\ld
 pay its exp5ses4 ,i said t he %\ld     
foll[ x ! ye> aft]1 at ! same "t ( !    
ye>1 ) ano!r play1 & s on f ye> to ye>2 
& t ! p :o read books1 & d n g to !     
!atre1 w\ld gradually f9d out ab\t him4 
,i sugge/$ t he %\ld beg9 ) a pa/oral   
play1 because nobody w\ld expect f a    
pa/oral play ! succession ( n]v\s       
trem\rs :i* ! plays ( comm]ce1 l !      
novels ( comm]ce1 h sub/itut$ = !       
purification t comes ) pity & t]ror to !
 imag9ation & intellect4 ,he foll[$ my  
advice 9 "p1 & _h a small b p]fect      
success1 fill+ 8 small !atre = twice !  
numb] ( p]=mances he _h ann\nc$2 b      
in/ead ( be+ cont5t ) ! praise ( 8      
equals1 & wait+ to w9 _! praise ano!r   
ye>1 he hir$ imm$iately a big ,london   
!atre1 & put 8 pa/oral play & a new play

 be=e a meagre & un9tellig5t audi5ce4 ,i
 /ill rememb] 8 pa/oral play ) delight1 
because1 if n always ( a high excell5ce1
 x 0 always poetical2 b ,i rememb] x at 
! small !atre1 :]e my pleasure 0        
magnifi$ by ! pleasure ( ^? ab\t me1 & n
 at ! big !atre1 :]e x made me          
uncom=table1 z an unwelcome gue/ always 
makes "o uncom=table4  ,:y %\ld we ?ru/ 
our works1 :i* we h writt5 ) imag9ative 
s9c]ity & fill$ ) spiritual desire1 be=e
 ^? q excell5t p :o ?9k t ,rossetti's   
wom5 are 'guys1' t ,rod9's wom5 are     
'ugly1' & t ,ibs5 is 'immoral1' & :o    
only want to be left at peace to enjoy !
 works s _m clev] m5 h made especially  
to suit !m8 ,we mu/ make a !atre =      
ourselves & our fri5ds1 & = a few simple
 p :o und]/& f %e] simplicity :at we    
und]/& f s*ol>%ip & ?\ght4 ,we h plann$ 
! ,iri% ,lit]>y ,!atre ) ?is hospitable 
emotion1 &1 t ! "r p may f9d out ab\t u1
 we hope to act a play or two 9 ! spr+ (
 e ye>2 & t ! "r p may escape ! /upefy+ 
memory ( ! !atre ( comm]ce :i* cl+s ev5 

to !m1 our plays w be = ! mo/ "p remote1
 spiritual1 & ideal4  ,a common op9ion  
is t ! poetic drama has come to an end1 
because mod]n poets h no dramatic p[]2 &
 ,mr4 ,b9yon seems to accept ?is op9ion 
:5 he says3 ',x has be5 too (t5 assum$ t
 x is ! manag] :o b>s ! way to poetic   
plays4 ,b x is mu* m probable t ! poets 
h fail$ ! manag]s4 ,if poets mean to    
s]ve ! /age1 _! dramas mu/ be dramatic4'
 ,i f9d x easi] to believe t audi5ces1  
:o h le>n$1 z ,i ?9k1 f ! life ( cr[d$  
cities to live ^u ! surface ( life1 &   
actors & manag]s1 :o /udy to please !m1 
h *ang$1 ?an t imag9ation1 :i* is !     
voice ( :at is et]nal 9 man1 has *ang$4 
,! arts are b "o ,art2 & :y %\ld all    
int5se pa9t+ & all int5se poetry h      
become n m]ely un9telligible b hateful  
to ! great] numb] ( m5 & wom51 & int5se 
drama move !m to pleasure8 ,! audi5ces (
 ,sophocles & ( ,%akespe>e & ( ,cald]on 
7 n unlike ! audi5ces ,i h he>d li/5+ 9 
,iri% cab9s to songs 9 ,gaelic ab\t 'an 
old poet tell+ 8 s9s1' & ab\t '! five "y

 m5 :o 7 dr[n$ la/ ye>1' & ab\t '! lov]s
 t 7 dr[n$ go+ to ,am]ica1' or to "s    
tale ( ,ois9 & 8 ?ree hundr$ ye>s 9 ,tir
 nan ,oge4 ,mr4 ,bridges' ,return (     
,ulysses1 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful &1 z ,i  
?9k1 dramatic ( mod]n plays1 might h "s 
success 9 ! ,aran ,isl&s1 if ! ,gaelic  
,league w\ld translate x into ,gaelic1 b
 ,i am q c]ta9 t x w\ld h no success 9 !
 ,/r&4  ,blake has said t all ,art is a 
lab\r to br+ aga9 ! ,gold5 ,age1 & all  
culture is c]ta9ly a lab\r to br+ aga9 !
 simplicity ( ! fir/ ages1 ) k ( good & 
evil add$ to x4 ,! drama has ne$ (      
cities t x may f9d m5 9 suffici5t       
numb]s1 & cities de/roy ! emotions to   
:i* x appeals1 & !re=e ! days ( ! drama 
are brief & come b seldom4 ,x has "o day
 :5 ! emotions ( cities /ill rememb] !  
emotions ( sailors & husb&m5 & %eph]ds &
 us]s ( ! spe> & ! b[2 z ! h\ses &      
furniture & e>!n vessels ( cities1 be=e 
! com+ ( ma*9]y1 rememb] ! rocks & !    
woods & ! hillside2 & x has ano!r day1  
n[ beg9n+1 :5 ?\ght & s*ol>%ip discov]  

_! desire4 ,9 ! fir/ day1 x is ! ,art ( 
! p2 & 9 ! second day1 l ! dramas act$ (
 old times 9 ! hidd5 places ( temples1 x
 is ! prep>ation ( a ,prie/hood4 ,x may 
be1 ?\gh ! _w is n old en\gh to %[ u any
 example1 t ?is ,prie/hood w spread _!  
,religion ev]y:]e1 & make _! ,art ! ,art
 ( ! p4  ,:5 ! fir/ day ( ! drama _h    
pass$ by1 actors f\nd t an always l>g]  
numb] ( p 7 m easily mov$ ?r\gh ! eyes  
?an ?r\gh ! e>s4 ,! emotion t comes ) ! 
music ( words is exhau/+1 l all         
intellectual emotions1 & few p l exhau/+
 emotions2 & !re=e actors began to speak
 z if !y 7 read+ some?+ out ( !         
newspap]s4 ,!y =got ! noble art (       
oratory1 & gave all _! ?\ght to ! poor  
art ( act+1 t is cont5t ) ! sympa?y (   
our n]ves2 until at la/ ^? :o love      
poetry f\nd x bett] to read alone 9 _!  
rooms :at !y _h once delight$ to he>    
sitt+ fri5d by fri5d1 lov] by belov$4 ,i
 once ask$ ,mr4 ,william ,morris if he  
_h ?\ght ( writ+ a play1 & he answ]$ t  
he _h1 b w\ld n write "o1 because actors

 did n "k h[ to speak poetry ) !        
half-*ant m5 spoke x ) 9 old times4 ,mr4
 ,sw9burne's ,locr9e 0 act$ a mon? ago1 
& x 0 n badly act$1 b nobody c\ld tell  
:e!r x 0 fit = ! /age or n1 = n "o      
rhy?m1 n "o cry ( passion1 0 spok5 ) a  
musical emphasis1 & v]se spok5 )\t a    
musical emphasis seems b an artificial &
 cumb]some way ( say+ :at might be said 
naturally & simply 9 prose4  ,z audi5ces
 & actors *ang$1 manag]s le>n$ to       
sub/itute m]etrici\s l&scapes1 pa9t$ ^u 
wood & canvas1 = ! descriptions (       
poetry1 until ! pa9t$ sc5]y1 :i* _h 9   
,greece be5 a *>m+ explanation ( :at 0  
lea/ important 9 ! /ory1 became z       
important z ! /ory4 ,x ne$$ "s          
imag9ation1 "s gift = day-dreams1 to see
 ! horses & ! fields & fl[]s ( ,colonus 
z "o li/5$ to ! eld]s ga!r$ ab\t        
,o,edipus1 or to see '! p5d5t b$ &      
procreant cradle' ( ! 'm>tlet' z "o     
li/5$ to ,duncan be=e ! ca/le ( ,macbe?2
 b x ne$s no imag9ation to admire a     
pa9t+ ( "o ( ! m obvi\s effects ( nature

 pa9t$ by somebody :o und]/&s h[ to %[  
ev]y?+ to ! mo/ hurri$ glance4 ,at !    
same "t ! manag]s made ! co/umes ( !    
actors m & m magnific5t1 t ! m9d might  
sleep 9 peace1 :ile ! eye took pleasure 
9 ! magnific5ce ( velvet & silk & 9 !   
physical beauty ( wom54 ,^! *anges      
gradually p]fect$ ! !atre ( comm]ce1 !  
ma/]piece ( t movem5t t[>ds ext]nality 9
 life & ?\ght & ,art1 aga9/ :i* !       
criticism ( our day is le>n+ to prote/4 
,ev5 if poetry 7 spok5 z poetry1 x w\ld 
/ill seem out ( place 9 _m ( its highe/ 
mom5ts ^u a /age1 :]e ! sup]ficial      
appe>ances ( nature are s closely copi$2
 = poetry is f\nd$ ^u conv5tion1 &      
becomes incr$ible ! mom5t pa9t+ or      
ge/ure rem9d u t p d n speak v]se :5 !y 
meet ^u ! highway4 ,! !atre ( ,art1 :5 x
 comes to exi/1 mu/ !re=e discov] grave 
& decorative ge/ures1 su* z delight$    
,rossetti & ,madox ,br[n1 & grave &     
decorative sc5]y1 t w be =gott5 ! mom5t 
an actor has said ',x is dawn1' or ',x  
is ra9+1' or ',! w9d is %ak+ ! trees'2 &

 dresses ( s little irrelevant          
magnific5ce t ! mortal actors &         
actresses may *ange )\t mu* lab\r into !
 immortal p ( romance4 ,! !atre began 9 
ritual1 & x _c come to its greatness    
aga9 )\t recall+ words to _! anci5t     
sov]eignty4  ,x w take a g5]ation1 &    
p]haps g5]ations1 to re/ore ! !atre (   
,art2 = "o mu/ get "o's actors1 & p]haps
 "o's sc5]y1 f ! !atre ( comm]ce1 until 
new actors & new pa9t]s h come to help  
"o2 & until _m failures & imp]fect      
successes h made a new tradition1 &     
p]fect$ 9 detail ! ideal t is beg9n+ to 
float be=e our eyes4 ,if "o c\ld call   
"o's pa9t]s & "o's actors f :]e "o w\ld1
 h[ easy x w\ld be4 ,i "k "s pa9t]s1 :o 
h nev] pa9t$ sc5]y1 :o c\ld pa9t ! sc5]y
 ,i want1 b !y h _! own "w to d2 & 9    
,irel& ,i h he>d a r$-hair$ orator      
repeat "s bad political v]ses ) a voice 
t w5t ?r\gh "o l flame1 & made !m seem !
 mo/ beautiful v]ses 9 ! _w2 b he has no
 practical k ( ! /age1 & probably       
despises x4  ,may #ahii4   ,,ii         

,dionysius1 ! ,areopagite1 wrote t ',he 
has set ! bord]s ( ! nations accord+ to 
,8 angels4' ,x is ^! angels1 ea* "o !   
g5ius ( "s race ab\t to be unfold$1 t   
are ! f\nd]s ( intellectual traditions2 
& z lov]s und]/& 9 _! fir/ glance all t 
is to befall !m1 & z poets & musicians  
see ! :ole "w 9 its fir/ impulse1 s     
races prophesy at _! awak5+ :atev] !    
g5]ations t are to prolong _! traditions
 %all accompli% 9 detail4 ,x is only at 
! awak5+--z 9 anci5t ,greece1 or 9      
,elizabe?an ,engl&1 or 9 contempor>y    
,sc&9avia--t great numb]s ( m5 und]/& t 
a "r und]/&+ ( life & ( de/9y is m      
important ?an amusem5t4 ,9 ,london1 :]e 
all ! intellectual traditions ga!r to   
die1 m5 hate a play if !y are told x is 
lit]ature1 = !y w n endure a spiritual  
sup]iority2 b 9 ,a!ns1 :]e s _m         
intellectual traditions 7 born1         
,euripides once *ang$ ho/ility to       
en?usiasm by ask+ 8 playgo]s :e!r x 0 8 
bus9ess to tea* !m1 or _! bus9ess to    
tea* him4 ,new races und]/& in/9ctively1

 because ! future cries 9 _! e>s1 t !   
old revelations are insuffici5t1 & t all
 life is revelation beg9n+ 9 miracle &  
en?usiasm1 & dy+ out z x unfolds itself 
9 :at we h mi/ak5 = progress4 ,x is "o (
 our illusions1 z ,i ?9k1 t education1 !
 s(t5+ ( mann]s1 ! p]fect+ (            
law--c\ntless images ( a fad+ light--c  
create nobl5ess & beauty1 & t life moves
 sl[ly & ev5ly t[>ds "s p]fection4      
,progress is miracle1 & x is sudd51     
because miracles are ! "w ( an          
all-p[]ful en]gy1 & nature 9 h]self has 
no p[] except to die & to =get4 ,if "o  
/udies "o's own m9d1 "o comes to ?9k )  
,blake1 t 'e "t less ?an a pulsation ( !
 art]y is equal to six ?\s& ye>s1 = 9   
?is p]iod ! poet's "w is done2 & all !  
great ev5ts ( "t />t =? & are conceiv$ 9
 su* a p]iod1 )9 a pulsation ( ! art]y4'
  ,febru>y #aijj4     ,,! ,,celtic      
,,elem5t ,,9 ,,lit]ature   ,i  ,erne/   
,r5an describ$ :at he held to be ,celtic
 *>act]i/ics 9 ,! ,poetry ( ! ,celtic   
,races4 ,i mu/ repeat ! well-kn[n       

s5t5ces3 ',no race commun$ s intimately 
z ! ,celtic race ) ! l[] creation1 or   
believ$ x to h s big a %>e ( moral      
life4' ,! ,celtic race _h 'a reali/ic   
naturalism1' 'a love ( nature = h]self1 
a vivid feel+ = h] magic1 comm+l$ ) !   
melan*oly a man kn[s :5 he is face to   
face ) h]1 & ?9ks he he>s h] commun+ )  
him ab\t 8 orig9 & 8 de/9y4' ',x has    
worn itself out 9 mi/ak+ dreams =       
realities1' & 'comp>$ ) ! classical     
imag9ation ! ,celtic imag9ation is inde$
 ! inf9ite contra/$ ) ! f9ite4' ',its   
hi/ory is "o long lam5t1 x /ill recalls 
its exiles1 its flights across ! seas4' 
',if at times x seems to be *e]ful1 its 
te> is n sl[ to gli/5 beh9d ! smile4    
,its songs ( joy end z elegies2 !re is  
no?+ to equal ! delightful sadness ( its
 national melodies4' ,mat!w ,arnold1 9  
,! ,/udy ( ,celtic ,lit]ature1 has      
accept$ ?is passion = nature1 ?is       
imag9ativ5ess1 ?is melan*oly1 z ,celtic 
*>act]i/ics1 b has describ$ !m m        
elaborately4 ,! ,celtic passion = nature

 comes almo/ m f a s5se ( h] 'my/]y' ?an
 ( h] 'beauty1' & x adds '*>m & magic'  
to nature1 & ! ,celtic imag9ativ5ess &  
melan*oly are alike 'a passionate1      
turbul5t1 indomitable reaction aga9/ !  
despotism ( fact4' ,! ,celt is n        
melan*oly1 z ,fau/ or ,w]!r are         
melan*oly1 f 'a p]fectly def9ite        
motive1' b because ( some?+ ab\t him    
'unacc\ntable1 defiant & titanic4' ,h[  
well "o kn[s ^! s5t5ces1 bett] ev5 ?an  
,r5an's1 & h[ well "o kn[s ! passages ( 
prose & v]se :i* he uses to prove t     
:]ev] ,engli% lit]ature has ! qualities 
^! s5t5ces describe1 x has !m f a       
,celtic s\rce4 ,?\gh ,i d n ?9k any ( u 
:o write ab\t ,irel& h built any argum5t
 ^u !m1 x is well to consid] !m a       
little1 & see :]e !y are helpful & :]e  
!y are hurtful4 ,if we d n1 we may g mad
 "s day1 & ! enemy root up our rose-g>d5
 & plant a cabbage-g>d5 in/ead4 ,p]haps 
we mu/ re/ate a little1 ,r5an's &       
,arnold's argum5t4   ,,ii  ,once e p 9 !
 _w believ$ t trees 7 div9e1 & c\ld take

 a human or grotesque %ape & dance among
 ! %ad[s2 & t de]1 & rav5s & foxes1 &   
wolves & be>s1 & cl\ds & pools1 almo/   
all ?+s "u ! sun & moon1 & ! sun & moon1
 7 n less div9e & *angeable4 ,!y saw 9 !
 ra9b[ ! /ill b5t b[ ( a god ?r[n d[n 9 
8 neglig5ce2 !y he>d 9 ! ?und] ! s\nd ( 
8 beat5 wat]-j>1 or ! tumult ( 8 *>iot  
:eels2 & :5 a sudd5 flight ( wild duck1 
or ( cr[s1 pass$ ov] _! heads1 !y ?\ght 
!y 7 gaz+ at ! dead ha/5+ to _! re/2    
:ile !y dream$ ( s great a my/]y 9      
little ?+s t !y believ$ ! wav+ ( a h&1  
or ( a sacr$ b\gh1 en\gh to tr\ble f>-(f
 he>ts1 or hood ! moon ) d>kness4 ,all  
old lit]atures are full ( ^! or ( l     
imag9ations1 & all ! poets ( races1 :o h
 n lo/ ?is way ( look+ at ?+s1 c\ld h   
said ( !mselves1 z ! poet ( ! ,kalevala 
said ( himself1 ',i h le>n$ my songs f !
 music ( _m birds1 & f ! music ( _m     
wat]s4' ,:5 a "m 9 ! ,kalevala weeps = a
 daught]1 :o 0 dr[n$ fly+ f an old      
suitor1 %e weeps s greatly t h] te>s    
become ?ree riv]s1 & ca/ up ?ree rocks1 

on :i* gr[ ?ree bir*-trees1 :]e ?ree    
cuckoos sit & s+1 ! "o 'love1 love1' !  
"o 'suitor1 suitor1' ! "o 'consolation1 
consolation4' ,& ! mak]s ( ! ,sagas made
 ! squirrel run up & d[n ! sacr$ a%-tree
 c>ry+ words ( hatr$ f ! eagle to !     
worm1 & f ! worm to ! eagle2 al?\gh !y  
_h less ( ! old way ?an ! mak]s ( !     
,kalavala1 = !y liv$ 9 a m cr[d$ &      
complicat$ _w1 & 7 le>n+ ! ab/ract      
m$itation :i* lures m5 f visible beauty1
 & 7 unle>n+1 x may be1 ! impassion$    
m$itation :i* br+s m5 beyond ! edge (   
trance & makes trees1 & bea/s1 & dead   
?+s talk ) human voices4  ,! old ,iri% &
 ! old ,wel%1 ?\gh !y _h less ( ! old   
way ?an ! mak]s ( ! ,kalavala1 _h m ( x 
?an ! mak]s ( ! ,sagas1 & x is ?is t    
di/+ui%es ! examples ,mat!w ,arnold     
quotes ( _! 'natural magic1' ( _! s5se (
 '! my/]y' m ?an ( '! beauty' ( nature4 
,:5 ,mat!w ,arnold wrote x 0 n easy to  
"k z mu* z we "k n[ ( folk song & folk  
belief1 & ,i d n ?9k he und]/ood t our  
'natural magic' is b ! anci5t religion (

 ! _w1 ! anci5t wor%ip ( nature & t     
tr\bl$ ec/asy be=e h]1 t c]ta9ty ( all  
beautiful places be+ haunt$1 :i* x      
br\ght into m5's m9ds4 ,! anci5t        
religion is 9 t passage ( ! ,mab9ogion  
ab\t ! mak+ ( ',fl[] ,aspect4' ,gwydion 
& ,ma? made h] 'by *>ms & illusions'    
'out ( fl[]s4' ',!y took ! blossoms ( ! 
oak1 & ! blossoms ( ! broom1 & !        
blossoms ( ! mead[-sweet1 & produc$ f !m
 a maid5 ! faire/ & mo/ graceful t man  
ev] saw2 & !y baptiz$ h]1 & call$ h]    
,fl[] ,aspect'2 & "o f9ds x 9 ! n less  
beautiful passage ab\t ! burn+ ,tree1 t 
has half its beauty f call+ up a fancy (
 leaves s liv+ & beautiful1 !y c be ( no
 less liv+ & beautiful a ?+ ?an flame3  
',!y saw a tall tree by ! side ( ! riv]1
 "o half ( :i* 0 9 flames f ! root to ! 
top1 & ! o!r half 0 gre5 & 9 full leaf4'
 ,& "o f9ds x v c]ta9ly 9 ! quotations  
he makes f ,engli% poets to prove a     
,celtic influ5ce 9 ,engli% poetry2 9    
,keats's 'magic casem5ts op5+ on ! foam 
( p]il\s seas 9 fa]y l&s =lorn'2 9 8    

'mov+ wat]s at _! prie/-l task ( pure   
ablution r\nd e>?'s human %ore'2 9      
,%akespe>e's 'floor ( heav51' 'inlaid ) 
pat5s ( bright gold'2 & 9 8 ,dido /&+   
'on ! wild sea banks1' 'a will[ 9 h]    
h&1' & wav+ x 9 ! ritual ( ! old wor%ip 
( nature & ! spirits ( nature1 to wave  
'h] love to come aga9 to ,c>?age4' ,& 8 
o!r examples h ! delight & wond] ( dev\t
 wor%ipp]s among ! haunts ( _!          
div9ities4 ,is !re n su* delight & wond]
 9 ! description ( ,olw5 9 ! ,mab9ogion3
 ',m yell[ 0 h] hair ?an ! fl[] ( !     
broom1 & h] sk9 0 :it] ?an ! foam ( !   
wave1 & fair] 7 h] h&s & h] f+]s ?an !  
blossoms ( ! wood-anemone amid/ ! spray 
( ! mead[ f\nta9s4' ,& is !re n su*     
delight & wond] 9--    ',meet we on     
hill1 9 dale1 =e/1 or mead1   ,by pav$  
f\nta9 or by ru%y brook1   ,or on !     
bea*$ m>g5t ( ! sea'8  ,if m5 _h nev]   
dream$ t fair wom5 c\ld be made out (   
fl[]s1 or rise up out ( mead[ f\nta9s & 
pav$ f\nta9s1 nei!r passage c\ld h be5  
writt54 ,c]ta9ly1 ! descriptions (      

nature made 9 :at ,mat!w ,arnold calls  
'! fai?ful way1' or 9 :at he calls '!   
,greek way1' w\ld h lo/ no?+ if all !   
mead[ f\nta9s or pav$ f\nta9s 7 mead[   
f\nta9s & pav$ f\nta9s & no?+ m4 ,:5    
,keats wrote1 9 ! ,greek way1 :i* adds  
lightness & brightness to nature--      
',:at little t[n by riv] or sea-%ore    
,or m\nta9 built ) quiet citadel1   ,is 
empti$ ( its folk1 ?is pi\s morn'2  :5  
,%akespe>e wrote 9 ! ,greek way--    ',i
 "k a bank :]e ! wild ?yme bl[s1   ,:]e 
oxlips & ! nodd+ violet gr[s'2  :5      
,virgil wrote 9 ! ,greek way--          
',muscosi fontes et somno mollior h]ba1'
  &    ',pall5tes violas et summa       
papav]a c>p5s   ,n>cissum et florem     
jungit b5e ol5tis ane?i'2  !y look$ at  
nature )\t ec/asy1 b ) ! affection a man
 feels = ! g>d5 :]e he has walk$ daily &
 ?\ght pleasant ?\ghts4 ,!y look$ at    
nature 9 ! mod]n way1 ! way ( p :o are  
poetical1 b are m int]e/$ 9 "o ano!r ?an
 9 a nature :i* has fad$ to be b fri5dly
 & pleasant1 ! way ( p :o h =gott5 !    

anci5t religion4   ,,iii  ,m5 :o liv$ 9 
a _w :]e any?+ might fl[ & *ange1 &     
become any o!r ?+2 & among great gods ^:
 passions 7 9 ! flam+ sunset1 & 9 !     
?und] & ! ?und]-%[]1 _h n our ?\ghts (  
weight & measure4 ,!y wor%ipp$ nature & 
! abundance ( nature1 & _h always1 z x  
seems1 = a supreme ritual t tumultu\s   
dance among ! hills or 9 ! dep?s ( !    
woods1 :]e une>?ly ec/asy fell ^u !     
danc]s1 until !y seem$ ! gods or !      
godlike bea/s1 & felt _! s\ls ov]topp+ !
 moon2 &1 z "s ?9k1 imag9$ = ! fir/ "t 9
 ! _w ! bless$ c\ntry ( ! gods & ( !    
happy dead4 ,!y _h imag9ative passions  
because !y did n live )9 our own /rait  
limits1 & 7 ne>] to anci5t *aos1 e man's
 desire1 & _h immortal models ab\t !m4  
,! h>e t ran by among ! dew might h sat 
^u 8 haun*es :5 ! fir/ man 0 made1 & !  
poor bun* ( ru%es "u _! feet might h be5
 a goddess laugh+ among ! />s2 & ) b a  
little magic1 a little wav+ ( ! h&s1 a  
little murmur+ ( ! lips1 !y too c\ld    
become a h>e or a bun* ( ru%es1 & "k    

immortal love & immortal hatr$4  ,all   
folk lit]ature1 & all lit]ature t keeps 
! folk tradition1 delights 9 unb\nd$ &  
immortal ?+s4 ,! ,kalevala delights 9 ! 
sev5 hundr$ ye>s t ,luonaton w&]s 9 !   
dep?s ( ! sea ) ,w9min5 9 h] womb1 & !  
,mahom$an k+ 9 ! ,song ( ,rol&1 pond]+  
^u ! greatness ( ,*>lemagne1 repeats ov]
 & ov]1 ',he is ?ree hundr$ ye>s old1 :5
 w he we>y ( w>8' ,cu*ula9 9 ! ,iri%    
folk tale _h ! passion ( victory1 & he  
ov]came all m51 & di$ w>r+ ^u ! waves1  
because !y alone _h ! /r5g? to ov]come  
him4 ,! lov] 9 ! ,iri% folk song bids 8 
belov$ come ) him into ! woods1 & see ! 
salmon leap 9 ! riv]s1 & he> ! cuckoo   
s+1 because dea? w nev] f9d !m 9 ! he>t 
( ! woods4 ,ois91 new come f 8 ?ree     
hundr$ ye>s ( fa]yl&1 & ( ! love t is 9 
fa]yl&1 bids ,/4 ,patrick cease 8 pray]s
 a :ile & li/5 to ! blackbird1 because x
 is ! blackbird ( ,d>ryc>n t ,f9n br\ght
 f ,norway1 ?ree hundr$ ye>s be=e1 & set
 its ne/ ^u ! oak-tree ) 8 own h&s4     
,surely if "o goes f> en\gh into !      

woods1 "o w f9d !re all t "o is seek+8  
,:o kn[s h[ _m c5turies ! birds ( !     
woods h be5 s++8  ,all folk lit]ature   
has inde$ a passion ^: l is n 9 mod]n   
lit]ature & music & art1 except :]e x   
has come by "s /raight or crook$ way out
 ( anci5t times4 ,love 0 held to be a   
fatal sickness 9 anci5t ,irel&1 & !re is
 a love-poem 9 ,! ,songs ( ,conna*t t is
 l a dea? cry3 ',my love1 ,o %e is my   
love1 ! woman :o is mo/ = de/roy+ me1   
de>] is %e = mak+ me ill ?an ! woman :o 
w\ld be = mak+ me well4 ,%e is my       
treasure1 ,o %e is my treasure1 ! woman 
( ! grey eyes 444 a woman :o w\ld n lay 
a h& "u my head4444 ,%e is my love1 ,o  
%e is my love1 ! woman :o left no /r5g? 
9 me2 a woman :o w\ld n brea! a sigh    
aft] me1 a woman :o w\ld n raise a /one 
at my tomb4444 ,%e is my secret love1 ,o
 %e is my secret love4 ,a woman :o tells
 me no?+1444 a woman :o does n rememb]  
me to be out4444 ,%e is my *oice1 ,o %e 
is my *oice1 ! woman :o w\ld n look back
 at me1 ! woman :o w\ld n make peace )  

me4444 ,%e is my desire1 ,o %e is my    
desire3 a woman de>e/ to me "u ! sun1 a 
woman :o w\ld n pay me he$1 if ,i 7 to  
sit by h] side4 ,x is %e ru9$ my he>t & 
left a sigh = ev] 9 me4' ,!re is ano!r  
song t ends1 ',! ,erne %all be 9 /rong  
flood1 ! hills %all be torn d[n1 & ! sea
 %all h r$ waves1 & blood %all be       
spill$1 & e m\nta9 valley & e moor %all 
be on high1 be=e y %all p]i%1 my little 
black rose4' ,nor d ! old ,iri% weigh & 
measure _! hatr$4 ,! nurse (            
,o',sullivan ,b]e 9 ! folk song prays t 
! b$ ( 8 betray] may be ! r$ he>?-/one (
 hell = ev]4 ,& an ,elizabe?an ,iri%    
poet cries3 ',?ree ?+s are wait+ = my   
dea?4 ,! devil1 :o is wait+ = my s\l &  
c>es no?+ = my body or my weal?2 !      
worms1 :o are wait+ = my body b c>e no?+
 = my s\l or my weal?2 my *ildr51 :o are
 wait+ = my weal? & c>e no?+ = my body  
or my s\l4 ,o ,*ri/1 hang all ?ree 9 !  
"o noose4' ,su* love & hatr$ seek no    
mortal ?+ b _! own inf9ity1 & su* love &
 hatr$ soon become love & hatr$ ( !     

idea4 ,! lov] :o loves s passionately c 
soon s+ to 8 belov$ l ! lov] 9 ! poem by
 ',a4 ,e41' ',a va/ desire awakes & gr[s
 into =getfulness ( !e4'  ,:5 an e>ly   
,iri% poet calls ! ,iri%man fam\s = mu* 
lov+1 & a prov]b1 a fri5d has he>d 9 !  
,highl&s ( ,scotl&1 talks ( !           
lovelessness ( ! ,iri%man1 !y may say b 
! same ?+1 = if y\r passion is b great  
en\gh x leads y to a c\ntry :]e !re are 
_m cloi/]s4 ,! hat] :o hates ) too good 
a he>t soon comes also to hate ! idea   
only2 & f ?is idealism 9 love & hatr$   
comes1 z ,i ?9k1 a c]ta9 p[] ( say+ &   
=gett+ ?+s1 especially a p[] ( say+ &   
=gett+ ?+s 9 politics1 :i* o!rs d n say 
& =get4 ,! anci5t f>m]s & h]dsm5 7 full 
( love & hatr$1 & made _! fri5ds gods1 &
 _! enemies ! enemies ( gods1 & ^? :o   
keep _! tradition are n less            
my?ological4 ,f ?is 'mi/ak+ dreams1' :i*
 are p]haps ess5ces1 = 'realities' :i*  
are p]haps accid5ts1 f ?is 'passionate1 
turbul5t reaction aga9/ ! despotism (   
fact1' comes1 x may be1 t melan*oly :i* 

made all anci5t peoples delight 9 tales 
t end 9 dea? & p>t+1 z mod]n peoples    
delight 9 tales t end 9 m>riage bells2 &
 made all anci5t peoples1 :o l ! old    
,iri% _h a nature m lyrical ?an         
dramatic1 delight 9 wild & beautiful    
lam5tations4 ,life 0 s weigh$ d[n by !  
empt9ess ( ! great =e/s & by ! my/]y (  
all ?+s1 & by ! greatness ( its own     
desires1 &1 z ,i ?9k1 by ! lonel9ess (  
mu* beauty2 & seem$ s little & s fragile
 & s brief1 t no?+ c\ld be m sweet 9 !  
memory ?an a tale t end$ 9 dea? & p>t+1 
& ?an a wild & beautiful lam5tation4 ,m5
 did n m\rn m]ely because _! belov$ 0   
m>ri$ to ano!r1 or because le>n+ 0 bitt]
 9 ! m\?1 = su* m\rn+ believes t life   
might be happy 7 x diff]5t1 & is !re=e !
 less m\rn+2 b because !y _h be5 born & 
mu/ die ) _! great ?ir/ unslak$4 ,& s x 
is t all ! augu/ sorr[ful p]sons (      
lit]ature1 ,cass&ra & ,hel5 & ,deirdre1 
& ,le> & ,tri/an1 h come out ( leg5ds & 
are inde$ b ! images ( ! primitive      
imag9ation mirror$ 9 ! little           

look+-glass ( ! mod]n & classic         
imag9ation4 ,?is is t 'melan*oly a man  
kn[s :5 he is face to face' ) nature1 & 
?9ks 'he he>s h] commun+ ) him ab\t' !  
m\rnfulness ( be+ born & ( dy+2 & h[ c x
 d o!rwise ?an call into 8 m9d 'its     
exiles1 its flights across ! seas1' t x 
may /ir ! ev]-sm\ld]+ a%es8 ,no ,gaelic 
poetry is s popul> 9 ,gaelic-speak+     
places z ! lam5tations ( ,ois91 old &   
mis]able1 rememb]+ ! companions & !     
loves ( 8 y\?1 & 8 ?ree hundr$ ye>s 9   
fa]yl&1 & 8 fa]y love3 all dreams )]+ 9 
! w9ds ( "t lam5t 9 8 lam5tations3 ',!  
cl\ds are long above me ?is night2 la/  
night 0 a long night to me2 al?\gh ,i   
f9d ?is day long1 ye/]day 0 /ill long]4 
,e day t comes to me is long4444 ,no "o 
9 ?is great _w is l me--a poor old man  
dragg+ /ones4 ,! cl\ds are long above me
 ?is night4 ,i am ! la/ man ( ! ,fianna1
 ! great ,ois91 ! son ( ,f9n1 li/5+ to !
 s\nd ( bells4 ,! cl\ds are long above  
me ?is night4' ,mat!w ,arnold quotes !  
lam5tation ( ,leyra* ,h5 z a type ( !   

,celtic melan*oly1 b ,i pref] to quote x
 z a type ( ! primitive melan*oly2 ',o  
my crut*1 is x n autumn :5 ! f]n is r$ &
 ! wat] flag yell[8 ,h ,i n hat$ t :i*  
,i love8444 ,behold1 old age1 :i* makes 
sport ( me1 f ! hair ( my head & my     
tee?1 to my eyes :i* wom5 lov$4 ,! f\r  
?+s ,i h all my life mo/ hat$ fall ^u me
 toge!r--c\gh+ & old age1 sickness &    
sorr[4 ,i am old1 ,i am alone1 %apel9ess
 & w>m? are gone f me1 ! c\* ( hon\r    
%all be no m m9e2 ,i am mis]able1 ,i am 
b5t on my crut*4 ,h[ evil 0 ! lot       
allott$ to ,leyra*1 ! night he 0 br\ght 
=?6 ,sorr[s )\t end & no deliv]ance f 8 
burd54' ,an ,elizabe?an writ] describes 
extravagant sorr[ by call+ x 'to weep   
,iri%'2 & ,ois9 & ,leyra* ,h5 are1 ,i   
?9k1 a little ne>] ev5 to u mod]n ,iri% 
?an !y are to mo/ p4 ,t is :y our poetry
 & mu* ( our ?\ght is melan*oly4 ',!    
same man1' writes ,dr4 ,hyde 9 !        
beautiful prose :i* he fir/ writes 9    
,gaelic1 ':o w to-day be danc+1 sport+1 
dr9k+1 & %\t+1 w be soliloquiz+ by      

himself to-morr[1 heavy & sick & sad 9 8
 own lonely little hut1 mak+ a croon ov]
 dep>t$ hopes1 lo/ life1 ! vanity ( ?is 
_w1 & ! com+ ( dea?4'   ,,iv  ,mat!w    
,arnold asks h[ mu* ( ! ,celt mu/ "o    
imag9e 9 ! ideal man ( g5ius4 ,i pref]  
to say1 h[ mu* ( ! anci5t hunt]s & fi%]s
 & ( ! ec/atic danc]s among hills &     
woods mu/ "o imag9e 9 ! ideal man (     
g5ius4 ,c]ta9ly a ?ir/ = unb\nd$ emotion
 & a wild melan*oly are tr\blesome ?+s 9
 ! _w1 & d n make its life m easy or    
ord]ly1 b x may be ! arts are f\nd$ on !
 life beyond ! _w1 & t !y mu/ cry 9 !   
e>s ( our p5ury until ! _w has be5      
consum$ & become a vision4 ,c]ta9ly1 z  
,samuel ,palm] wrote1 ',excess is !     
vivify+ _s ( ! f9e/ art1 & we mu/ always
 seek to make excess m abundantly       
excessive4' ,mat!w ,arnold has said t if
 he 7 ask$ ':]e ,engli% got its turn =  
melan*oly & its turn = natural magic1'  
he 'w\ld answ] ) little d\bt t x got mu*
 ( its melan*oly f a ,celtic s\rce1 ) no
 d\bt at all t f a ,celtic s\rce is got 

ne>ly all its natural magic4'  ,i w put 
?is diff]5tly & say t lit]ature dw9dles 
to a m]e *ronicle ( circum/ance1 or     
passionless phantasies1 & passionless   
m$itations1 unless x is con/antly flood$
 ) ! passions & beliefs ( anci5t times1 
& t ( all ! f\nta9s ( ! passions &      
beliefs ( anci5t times 9 ,europe1 !     
,sclavonic1 ! ,f9ni%1 ! ,sc&9avian1 & ! 
,celtic1 ! ,celtic alone has be5 =      
c5turies close to ! ma9 riv] ( ,european
 lit]ature4 ,x has aga9 & aga9 br\ght '!
 vivify+ _s' '( excess' into ! arts (   
,europe4 ,erne/ ,r5an has told h[ !     
visions ( purgatory se5 by pilgrims to  
,l\gh ,d]g--once visions ( ! pagan      
"u-_w1 z ! boat made out ( a holl[ tree 
t bore ! pilgrim to ! holy isl& 7 alone 
en\gh to prove--gave ,european ?\ght new
 symbols ( a m abundant p5it5ce2 & _h s 
great an influ5ce t he has writt51 ',x  
_c be d\bt$ = a mom5t t to ! numb] (    
poetical !mes ,europe owes to ! g5ius ( 
! ,celt is to be add$ ! framework ( !   
div9e com$y4'  ,a little lat] ! leg5ds (

 ,ar?ur & 8 table1 & ( ! ,holy ,grail1  
once x seems ! cauldron ( an ,iri% ,god1
 *ang$ ! lit]ature ( ,europe1 & x may be
 *ang$1 z x 71 ! v roots ( man's        
emotions by _! influ5ce on ! _s (       
*ivalry & on ! _s ( romance2 & lat] /ill
 ,%akespe>e f\nd 8 ,mab1 & probably 8   
,puck1 & "o kn[s n h[ mu* else ( 8 fa]y 
k+dom1 9 ,celtic leg5d2 :ile at ! beg9n+
 ( our own day ,sir ,walt] ,scott gave  
,highl& leg5ds & ,highl& excitability s 
great a ma/]y ov] all romance t !y seem 
romance h]self4  ,9 our own "t          
,sc&9avian tradition1 because ( !       
imag9ation ( ,ri*>d ,wagn] & ( ,william 
,morris & ( ! e>li] &1 z ,i ?9k1 great] 
,he9ri* ,ibs51 has creat$ a new romance1
 & ?r\gh ! imag9ation ( ,ri*>d ,wagn]1  
become all b ! mo/ passionate elem5t 9 !
 arts ( ! mod]n _w4 ,!re is inde$ b "o  
o!r elem5t z passionate1 ! /ill unfad$  
leg5ds ( ,ar?ur & ( ! ,holy ,grail2 & n[
 a new f\nta9 ( leg5ds1 &1 z ,i ?9k1 a m
 abundant f\nta9 ?an any 9 ,europe1 is  
be+ op5$1 ! great f\nta9 ( ,gaelic      

leg5ds2 ! tale ( ,deirdre1 :o alone     
among ! wom5 :o h set m5 mad 0 at once !
 :ite flame & ! r$ flame1 wisdom &      
lovel9ess2 ! tale ( ! ,sons ( ,tuireann1
 ) its un9telligible my/]ies1 an old    
,grail ,que/ z ,i ?9k2 ! tale ( ! f\r   
*ildr5 *ang$ into f\r swans1 & lam5t+   
ov] _m wat]s2 ! tale ( ! love ( ,cu*ula9
 = an immortal goddess1 & 8 com+ home to
 a mortal woman 9 ! end2 ! tale ( 8 _m  
battles at ! =d ) t de> fri5d he kiss$  
be=e ! battles1 & ov] ^: dead body he   
wept :5 he _h kill$ him2 ! tale ( 8 dea?
 & ( ! lam5tations ( ,em]2 ! tale ( !   
flight ( ,gra9ne ) ,di>muid1 /range/ (  
all tales ( ! fickl5ess ( woman1 & !    
tale ( ! com+ ( ,ois9 out ( fa]yl&1 & ( 
8 memories & lam5tations4 ',! ,celtic   
movem5t1' z ,i und]/& x1 is pr9cipally !
 op5+ ( ?is f\nta91 & none c measure (  
h[ great importance x may be to com+    
times1 = e new f\nta9 ( leg5ds is a new 
intoxication = ! imag9ation ( ! _w4 ,x  
comes at a "t :5 ! imag9ation ( ! _w is 
z ready1 z x 0 at ! com+ ( ! tales (    

,ar?ur & ( ! ,grail1 = a new            
intoxication4 ,! reaction aga9/ !       
rationalism ( ! eighte5? c5tury has m+l$
 ) a reaction aga9/ ! mat]ialism ( !    
n9ete5? c5tury1 & ! symbolical movem5t1 
:i* has come to p]fection 9 ,g]many 9   
,wagn]1 9 ,engl& 9 ! ,pre-,raphaelites1 
& 9 ,france 9 ,villi]s ,de l',isle      
,adam1 & ,mall>m1 & ,maet]l9ck1 & has   
/irr$ ! imag9ation ( ,ibs5 &            
,d',annunzio1 is c]ta9ly ! only movem5t 
t is say+ new ?+s4 ,! arts by brood+ ^u 
_! own int5sity h become religi\s1 & are
 seek+1 z ,i ?9k ,v]ha]5 has said1 to   
create a sacr$ book4 ,!y mu/1 z religi\s
 ?\ght has always done1 utt] !mselves   
?r\gh leg5ds2 & ! ,sclavonic & ,f9ni%   
leg5ds tell ( /range woods & seas1 & !  
,sc&9avian leg5ds are held by a great   
ma/]1 & tell also ( /range woods & seas1
 & ! ,wel% leg5ds are held by almo/ z _m
 great ma/]s z ! ,greek leg5ds1 :ile !  
,iri% leg5ds move among kn[n woods &    
seas1 & h s mu* ( a new beauty1 t !y may
 well give ! op5+ c5tury its mo/        

memorable symbols4  #ahig4   ,i c\ld h  
writt5 ?is essay ) mu* m precision & h  
mu* bett] illu/rat$ my mean+ if ,i _h   
wait$ until ,lady ,gregory _h f9i%$ h]  
book ( leg5ds1 ,cu*ula9 ( ,muir!mne1 a  
book to set beside ! ,morte ,d',ar?ur & 
! ,mab9ogion4  #aijb4     ,,! ,,autumn  
,,( ,,! ,,body   ,our ?\ghts & emotions 
are (t5 b spray flung up f hidd5 tides t
 foll[ a moon no eye c see4 ,i rememb] t
 :5 ,i fir/ began to write ,i desir$ to 
describe outw>d ?+s z vividly z         
possible1 & took pleasure1 9 :i* !re 01 
p]haps1 a little discont5t1 9           
picturesque & declamatory books4 ,& !n q
 sudd5ly ,i lo/ ! desire ( describ+     
outw>d ?+s1 & f\nd t ,i took little     
pleasure 9 a book unless x 0 spiritual &
 unemphatic4 ,i did n !n und]/& t !     
*ange 0 f beyond my own m9d1 b ,i und]/&
 n[ t writ]s are /ruggl+ all ov]        
,europe1 ?\gh n (t5 ) a philosophic     
und]/&+ ( _! /ruggle1 aga9/ t           
picturesque & declamatory way ( writ+1  
aga9/ t 'ext]nality' :i* a "t (         

sci5tific & political ?\ght has br\ght  
into lit]ature4 ,?is /ruggle has be5 go+
 on = "s ye>s1 b x has only j become    
/rong en\gh to draw )9 itself ! little  
inn] _w :i* alone seeks m ?an amusem5t 9
 ! arts4 ,9 ,france1 :]e movem5ts are m 
m>k$1 because ! p are pre-em95tly       
logical1 ,! ,temptation ( ,s4 ,an?ony1 !
 la/ great dramatic inv5tion ( ! old    
romanticism1 contra/s v pla9ly ) ,axl1 !
 fir/ great dramatic inv5tion ( ! new2 &
 ,maet]l9ck has foll[$ ,c\nt ,villi]s de
 l',isle ,adam4 ,flaub]t wrote          
un=gettable descriptions ( grotesque1   
biz>re1 & beautiful sc5es & p]sons1 z !y
 %[ to ! e> & to ! eye1 & cr[d$ !m )    
hi/oric & e?nographical details2 b ,c\nt
 ,villi]s de l',isle ,adam swept toge!r1
 by :at seem$ a sudd5 en]gy1 words beh9d
 :i* glimm]$ a spiritual & passionate   
mood1 z ! flame glimm]s beh9d ! dusky   
blue & r$ glass 9 an ,ea/]n lamp2 &     
creat$ p]sons f :om has fall5 all ev5 ( 
p]sonal *>act]i/ic except a ?ir/ = t h\r
 :5 all ?+s %all pass away l a cl\d1 & a

 pride l t ( ! ,magi foll[+ _! /> ov] _m
 m\nta9s2 :ile ,maet]l9ck has pluck$    
away ev5 ?is ?ir/ & ?is pride & set be=e
 u fa9t s\ls1 nak$ & pa!tic %ad[s       
already half vap\r & sigh+ to "o ano!r  
^u ! bord] ( ! la/ abyss4 ,!re has be51 
z ,i ?9k1 a l *ange 9 ,fr5* pa9t+1 = "o 
sees ev]y:]e1 in/ead ( ! dramatic /ories
 & picturesque mom5ts ( an old] s*ool1  
frail & tremul\s bodies unfitt$ = !     
lab\r ( life1 & l&scape :]e subtle      
rhy?ms ( col\r & ( =m h ov]come ! cle>  
outl9e ( ?+s z we see !m 9 ! lab\r (    
life4  ,!re has be5 a l *ange 9 ,engl&1 
b x has come m gradually & is m mix$ )  
less] *anges ?an 9 ,france4 ,! poetry   
:i* f\nd its expression 9 ! poems (     
writ]s l ,br[n+ & ( ,t5nyson1 & ev5 (   
writ]s1 :o are seldom class$ ) !m1 l    
,sw9burne1 & l ,%elley 9 8 e>li] ye>s1  
pu%$ its limits z f> z possible1 & tri$ 
to absorb into itself ! sci5ce &        
politics1 ! philosophy & morality ( its 
"t2 b a new poetry1 :i* is always       
contract+ its limits1 has gr[n up "u !  

%ad[ ( ! old4 ,rossetti began x1 b 0 too
 mu* ( a pa9t] 9 8 poetry to foll[ x ) a
 p]fect devotion2 & x became a movem5t  
:5 ,mr4 ,lang & ,mr4 ,gosse & ,mr4      
,dobson devot$ !mselves to ! mo/ cond5s$
 ( lyric poems1 & :5 ,mr4 ,bridges1 a m 
consid]able poet1 elaborat$ a rhy?m too 
delicate = any b an almo/ bodiless      
emotion1 & repeat$ ov] & ov] ! mo/      
anci5t notes ( poetry1 & none b ^!4 ,!  
poets :o foll[$ h ei!r1 l ,mr4 ,kipl+1  
turn$ f s]i\s poetry altoge!r1 & s pass$
 out ( ! processional ord]1 or speak out
 ( "s p]sonal or spiritual passion 9    
words & types & metaphors t draw "o's   
imag9ation z f> z possible f !          
complexities ( mod]n life & ?\ght4 ,!   
*ange has be5 m m>k$ 9 ,engli% pa9t+1   
:i*1 :5 int5se en\gh to belong to !     
procession ord]1 began to ca/ out ?+s1 z
 !y are se5 by m9ds plung$ 9 ! lab\r (  
life1 s mu* be=e ,fr5* pa9t+ t ideal art
 is sometimes call$ ,engli% art ^u !    
,cont95t4  ,i see1 inde$1 9 ! arts ( e  
c\ntry ^? fa9t lights & fa9t col\rs &   

fa9t outl9es & fa9t en]gies :i* _m call 
'! decad5ce1' & :i* ,i1 because ,i      
believe t ! arts lie dream+ ( ?+s to    
come1 pref] to call ! autumn ( ! body4  
,an ,iri% poet ^: rhy?ms are l ! cry ( a
 sea-bird 9 autumn twilight has told its
 mean+ 9 ! l9e1 ',! v sunlight's we>y1 &
 x's "t to quit ! pl\gh4' ,its          
importance is ! great] because x comes  
to u at ! mom5t :5 we are beg9n+ to be  
int]e/$ 9 _m ?+s :i* positive sci5ce1 ! 
int]pret] ( ext]ior law1 has always     
d5i$3 communion ( m9d ) m9d 9 ?\ght &   
)\t words1 =ekn[l$ge 9 dreams & 9       
visions1 & ! com+ among u ( ! dead1 & ( 
mu* else4 ,we are1 x may be1 at a cr[n+ 
crisis ( ! _w1 at ! mom5t :5 man is ab\t
 to asc5d1 ) ! weal?1 he has be5 s long 
ga!r+1 ^u 8 %\ld]s1 ! /airway he has be5
 desc5d+ f ! fir/ days4 ,! fir/ poets1  
if "o may f9d _! images 9 ! ,kalevala1  
_h n ,hom]'s preoccupation ) ?+s1 & he 0
 n s full ( _! excitem5t z ,virgil4     
,dante add$ to poetry a dialectic :i*1  
al?\gh he made x s]ve 8 labori\s ec/asy1

 0 ! inv5tion ( m9ds tra9$ by ! lab\r ( 
life1 by a traffic among _m ?+s1 & n a  
spontane\s expression ( an int]ior life2
 :ile ,%akespe>e %att]$ ! symmetry (    
v]se & ( drama t he might fill !m ) ?+s 
& _! accid5tal relations to "o ano!r4   
,ea* ( ^! writ]s _h come fur!r d[n !    
/airway ?an ^? :o _h liv$ be=e him1 b x 
0 only ) ! mod]n poets1 ) ,goe! &       
,wordswor? & ,br[n+1 t poetry gave up ! 
"r to consid] all ?+s 9 ! _w z a        
diction>y ( types & symbols & began to  
call itself a critic ( life & an        
int]pret] ( ?+s z !y are4 ,pa9t+1 music1
 sci5ce1 politics1 & ev5 religion1      
because !y h felt a gr[+ belief t we "k 
no?+ b ! fad+ & fl[]+ ( ! _w1 h *ang$ 9 
numb]less elaborate ways4 ,man has woo$ 
& won ! _w1 & has fall5 we>y1 & n1 ,i   
?9k1 = a "t1 b ) a we>9ess t w n end    
until ! la/ autumn1 :5 ! />s %all be    
bl[n away l )]$ leaves4 ,he grew we>y :5
 he said1 ',^! ?+s t ,i t\* & see & he> 
are alone real1' = he saw !m )\t        
illusion at la/1 & f\nd !m b air & du/ &

 moi/ure4 ,& n[ he mu/ be philosophical 
above ev]y?+1 ev5 ab\t ! arts1 = he c   
only return ! way he came1 & s escape f 
we>9ess1 by philosophy4 ,! arts are1 ,i 
believe1 ab\t to take ^u _! %\ld]s !    
burd5s t h fall5 f ! %\ld]s ( prie/s1 & 
to lead u back ^u our j\rney by fill+   
our ?\ghts ) ! ess5ces ( ?+s1 & n ) ?+s4
 ,we are ab\t to sub/itute once m !     
di/illation ( al*emy = ! analyses (     
*emi/ry & = "s o!r sci5ces2 & c]ta9 ( u 
are look+ ev]y:]e = ! p]fect alembic t  
no silv] or gold5 drop may escape4 ,mr4 
,symons has writt5 lately on ,m4        
,mall>m's me?od1 & has quot$ him z say+ 
t we %\ld 'aboli% ! pret5sion1          
/hetically an error1 despite its dom9ion
 ov] almo/ all ! ma/]pieces1 to enclose 
)9 ! subtle pages o!r ?an--= example--! 
horror ( ! =e/ or ! sil5t ?und] 9 !     
leaves1 n ! int5se d5se wood ( ! trees1'
 & z desir+ to sub/itute = ! old lyric  
afflatus or ! en?usia/ic p]sonal        
direction ( ! phrase' words 't take     
light f mutual reflection1 l an actual  

trail ( fire ov] preci\s /ones1' & 'to  
make an entire ^w hi!rto unkn[n to !    
language' 'out ( _m vocables4' ,mr4     
,symons und]/&s ^! & o!r s5t5ces to mean
 t poetry w h5ce=? be a poetry (        
ess5ces1 sep>at$ "o f ano!r 9 little &  
int5se poems4 ,i ?9k !re w be mu* poetry
 ( ?is k9d1 because ( an ev] m ardu\s   
se>* = an almo/ disembodi$ ec/asy1 b ,i 
?9k we w n cease to write long poems1 b 
r t we w write !m m & m z our new belief
 makes ! _w pla/ic "u our h&s aga94 ,i  
?9k t we w le>n aga9 h[ to describe at  
great l5g? an old man w&]+ among en*ant$
 isl&s1 8 return home at la/1 8         
sl[-ga!r+ v5geance1 a flitt+ %ape ( a   
goddess1 & a flight ( arr[s1 & yet to   
make all ( ^! s diff]5t ?+s 'take light 
by mutual reflection1 l an actual trail 
( fire ov] preci\s /ones1' & become 'an 
entire ^w1' ! signature or symbol ( a   
mood ( ! div9e imag9ation z impond]able 
z '! horror ( ! =e/ or ! sil5t ?und] 9 !
 leaves4'  #ahih4     ,,! ,,moods       
,lit]ature diff]s f explanatory &       

sci5tific writ+ 9 be+ wr\ght ab\t a     
mood1 or a community ( moods1 z ! body  
is wr\ght ab\t an invisible s\l2 & if x 
uses argum5t1 !ory1 erudition1          
obs]vation1 & seems to gr[ hot 9        
ass]tion or d5ial1 x does s m]ely to    
make u p>tak]s at ! banquet ( ! moods4  
,x seems to me t ^! moods are ! lab\r]s 
& mess5g]s ( ! ,rul] ( ,all1 ! gods (   
anci5t days /ill dwell+ on _! secret    
,olympus1 ! angels ( m mod]n days asc5d+
 & desc5d+ ^u _! %9+ ladd]2 & t argum5t1
 !ory1 erudition1 obs]vation1 are m]ely 
:at ,blake call$ 'little devils :o fight
 = !mselves1' illusions ( our visible   
pass+ life1 :o mu/ be made s]ve ! moods1
 or we h no "p 9 et]nity4 ,ev]y?+ t c be
 se51 t\*$1 measur$1 expla9$1 und]/ood1 
argu$ ov]1 is to ! imag9ative arti/ no?+
 m ?an a means1 = he belongs to !       
invisible life1 & deliv]s its ev] new & 
ev] anci5t revelation4 ,we he> mu* ( 8  
ne$ = ! re/ra9ts ( reason1 b ! only     
re/ra9t he c obey is ! my/]i\s in/9ct t 
has made him an arti/1 & t tea*es him to

 discov] immortal moods 9 mortal        
desires1 an undecay+ hope 9 our trivial 
ambitions1 a div9e love 9 sexual        
passion4  #ahie4     ,,! ,,body ,,( ,,! 
,,fa!r ,,*ri/ian ,,ros5crux   ,! foll[]s
 ( ! ,fa!r ,*ri/ian ,ros5crux1 says !   
old tradition1 wrapp$ 8 imp]i%able body 
9 noble raim5t & laid x "u ! h\se ( _!  
ord]1 9 a tomb conta9+ ! symbols ( all  
?+s 9 heav5 & e>?1 & 9 ! wat]s "u ! e>?1
 & set ab\t him inext+ui%able magical   
lamps1 :i* burnt on g5]ation aft]       
g5]ation1 until o!r /ud5ts ( ! ord] came
 ^u ! tomb by *ance4 ,x seems to me t ! 
imag9ation has _h no v diff]5t hi/ory   
dur+ ! la/ two hundr$ ye>s1 b has be5   
laid 9 a great tomb ( criticism1 & _h   
set ov] x inext+ui%able magical lamps ( 
wisdom & romance1 & has be5 altoge!r s  
nobly h\s$ & app>ell$ t we h =gott5 t   
its wiz>d lips are clos$1 or b op5$ = ! 
compla9+ ( "s melan*oly & gho/ly voice4 
,! anci5ts & ! ,elizabe?ans ab&on$      
!mselves to imag9ation z a woman ab&ons 
h]self to love1 & creat$ great be+s :o  

made ! p ( ?is _w seem b %ad[s1 & great 
passions :i* made our loves & hatr$s    
appe> b ephem]al & trivial phantasies2 b
 n[ x is n ! great p]sons1 or ! great   
passions we imag9e1 :i* absorb u1 = !   
p]sons & passions 9 our poems are ma9ly 
reflections our mirror has caught f old]
 poems or f ! life ab\t u1 b ! wise     
comm5ts we make ^u !m1 ! criticism (    
life we wr+ f _! =tunes4 ,ar?ur & 8     
,c\rt are no?+1 b ! _m-col\r$ lights t  
play ab\t !m are z beautiful z ! lights 
f ca!dral w9d[s2 ,pompilia & ,guido are 
b little1 :ile ! ev]-recurr+ m$itations 
& expositions :i* climax 9 ! m\? ( !    
,pope are among ! wise/ ( ! ,*ri/ian    
age4 ,i _c get x out ( my m9d t ?is age 
( criticism is ab\t to pass1 & an age ( 
imag9ation1 ( emotion1 ( moods1 (       
revelation1 ab\t to come 9 its place2 = 
c]ta9ly belief 9 a sup]s5sual _w is at  
h& aga92 & :5 ! notion t we are         
'phantoms ( ! e>? & wat]' has gone d[n !
 w9d1 we w tru/ our own be+ & all x     
desires to inv5t2 & :5 ! ext]nal _w is  

no m ! /&>d ( reality1 we w le>n aga9 t 
! great ,passions are angels ( ,god1 & t
 to embody !m 'uncurb$ 9 _! et]nal      
glory1' ev5 9 _! lab\r = ! end+ ( man's 
peace & prosp]ity1 is m ?an to comm5t1  
h[ev] wisely1 ^u ! t5d5cies ( our "t1 or
 to express ! sociali/ic1 or            
humanit>ian1 or o!r =ces ( our "t1 or   
ev5 'to sum up' our "t1 z ! phrase is2 =
 ,art is a revelation1 & n a criticism1 
& ! life ( ! arti/ is 9 ! old say+1 ',! 
w9d bl[e? :]e x li/e?1 & ?\ he>e/ ! s\nd
 !re(1 b can/ n tell :5ce x come? & :i!r
 x goe?2 s is e "o t is born ( ! _s4'   
#ahie4     ,,! ,,return ,,( ,,ulysses   
,i  ,m4 ,maet]l9ck1 9 8 beautiful       
,treasure ( ! ,humble1 comp>es ! dramas 
( our /age to ! pa9t+s ( an obsolete    
ta/e2 & ! dramas ( ! /age = :i* he      
hopes1 to ! pa9t+s ( a ta/e t _c become 
obsolete4 ',! true arti/1' he says1 'no 
long] *ooses ,m>ius triumph+ ov] !      
,cimbrians1 or ! assass9ation ( ! ,duke 
( ,guise1 z fit subjects = 8 art2 = he  
is well aw>e t ! psy*ology ( victory or 

murd] is b elem5t>y & exceptional1 & t !
 solemn voice ( m5 & ?+s1 ! voice t     
issues =? s timidly & hesitat+ly1 _c be 
he>d amid/ ! idle upro> ( acts (        
viol5ce4 ,& !re=e w he place on 8 canvas
 a h\se lo/ 9 ! he>t ( ! c\ntry1 a door 
op5 at ! end ( a passage1 a face or h&s 
at re/4' ,i d n und]/& him to mean t our
 dramas %\ld h no victories or murd]s1 =
 he quotes = our example plays t h bo?1 
b only t _! victories & murd]s %all n be
 to excite our n]ves1 b to illu/rate !  
rev]ies ( a wisdom :i* %all be z mu* a  
"p ( ! daily life ( ! wise z a face or  
h&s at re/4 ,& c]ta9ly ! great] plays ( 
! pa/ ages h be5 built aft] su* a       
fa%ion4 ,if ?is fa%ion is ab\t to become
 our fa%ion also1 & !re are signs t x   
is1 plays l "s ( ,mr4 ,rob]t ,bridges w 
come out ( t obscurity into :i* all     
poetry1 t is n lyrical poetry1 has      
fall51 & ev5 popul> criticism w beg9 to 
"k some?+ ab\t !m4 ,"s day ! few among  
u1 :o c>e = poetry m ?an any temporal   
?+1 & :o believe t its delights _c be   

p]fect :5 we read x alone 9 our rooms & 
long = "o to %>e its delights1 b t !y   
might be p]fect 9 ! !atre1 :5 we %>e !m 
fri5d ) fri5d1 lov] ) belov$1 w p]suade 
a few ideali/s to seek out ! lo/ art (  
speak+1 & seek out ourselves ! lo/ art1 
t is p]haps ne>e/ ( all arts to et]nity1
 ! subtle art ( li/5+4 ,:5 t day comes  
we w talk mu* ( ,mr4 ,bridges2 = did he 
n write scrupul\s1 passionate poetry to 
be sung & to be spok51 :5 !re 7 few to  
s+ & z yet none to speak8 ,!re is "o    
play especially1 ,! ,return ( ,ulysses1 
:i* we w praise = p]fect aft] its k9d1 !
 k9d ( our new drama ( wisdom1 = x m\lds
 into dramatic %ape1 & ) z mu* z        
possible ( lit]al translation1 ^? clos+ 
books ( ! ,odyssey :i* are p]haps ! mo/ 
p]fect poetry ( ! _w1 & compels t great 
tide ( song to fl[ ?r\gh delicate       
dramatic v]se1 ) little abatem5t ( its  
own leap+ & clamor\s spe$4 ,z ,i read1 !
 ga!r+ passion ov]:elms me1 z x did :5  
,hom] himself 0 ! s+]1 & :5 ,i read at  
la/ ! l9es 9 :i* ! maid describes to    

,p5elope ! battle ) ! suitors1 at :i* %e
 looks ?r\gh ! op5 door1 ,i tremble )   
excitem5t4    ',p5elope3 ,alas6 :at     
cries6 ,say1 is ! pr9ce /ill safe8    ,!
 ,maid3 ,he %ielde? himself well1 &     
/rike? surely2   ,8 foes fall d[n be=e  
him4 ,ah6 n[ :at c ,i see8   ,:o come?8 
,lo6 a dazzl+ helm1 a spe>   ,( silv] or
 electron2 %>p & swift   ,! pi]c+s4 ,h[ 
!y fall6 ,ha6 %ields are rais$   ,9 va94
 ,i am bl9d$1 or ! begg>-man   ,ha? wax$
 9 /r5g?4 ,he is *ang$1 he is "y4 ,o    
/range6   ,he is all 9 gold5 arm\r4 ,^! 
are gods   ,t slay ! suitors4 7,runs to 
,p5elope47 ,o lady1 =give me4   ,tis    
,ares' self4 ,i saw 8 crispd be>d2   ,i 
saw b5ea? 8 helm 8 curld locks4'  ,!    
com+ ( ,a!ne helm$ '9 silv] or electron'
 & h] trans=mation ( ,ulysses are n1 z !
 way is ) ! only mod]n dramas t popul>  
criticism holds to be dramatic1 ! climax
 ( an excitem5t ( ! n]ves1 b ( t une>?ly
 excitem5t :i* has wisdom = fruit1 & is 
( l k9d ) ! ec/asy ( ! se]s1 an alt>    
flame1 un%ak5 by ! w9ds ( ! _w1 & burn+ 

e mom5t ) :it] & pur] brilliance4  ,mr4 
,bridges has writt5 x 9 :at is          
practically ! classical mann]1 z he has 
done 9 ,a*illes 9 ,scyros--a placid &   
*>m+ sett+ = _m placid & *>m+ lyrics--  
',& ev] we keep a fea/ ( delight   ,!   
betro?al ( he>ts1 :5 spirits unite1     
,creat+ an (fspr+ ( joy1 a treasure     
,unkn[n to ! bad1 = :om       ,! gods   
=$oom       ,! glitt] ( pleasure        
,& a d>k tomb4'  ,! poet :o writes be/ 9
 ! ,%akespe>ian mann] is a poet ) a     
circum/antial & in/9ctive m9d1 :o       
delights to speak ) /range voices & to  
see 8 m9d 9 ! mirror ( ,nature2 :ile    
,mr4 ,bridges1 l mo/ ( u to-day1 has a  
lyrical & m$itative m9d1 & delights to  
speak ) 8 own voice & to see ,nature 9 !
 mirror ( 8 m9d4 ,9 read+ 8 plays 9 a   
,%akespe>ian mann]1 ,i f9d t he is      
con/antly arrang+ 8 /ory 9 su* & su* a  
way because he has read t ! p]sons he is
 writ+ ( did su* & su* ?+s1 & n because 
8 s\l has pass$ into ! s\l ( _! _w &    
und]/ood its un*angeable de/9ies4 ,8    

,return ( ,ulysses is admirable 9       
beauty1 because its classical gravity ( 
spee*1 :i* does n1 l ,%akespe>e's v]se1 
desire ! vivacity ( common life1        
purifies & subdues all passion into     
lyrical & m$itative ec/asies1 & because 
! unity ( place & "t 9 ! late acts      
compels a logical r ?an in/9ctive       
procession ( incid5ts2 & if !           
,%akespe>ian ,n]o3 ,second ,"p approa*es
 x 9 beauty & 9 dramatic p[]1 x is      
because x eddies ab\t ,n]o & ,s5eca1 :o 
_h bo?1 to a great ext5t1 lyrical &     
m$itative m9ds4 ,_h ,mr4 ,bridges be5 a 
true ,%akespe>ian1 ! pomp & glory ( ! _w
 w\ld h dr[n$ t subtle voice t speaks   
amid our het]og5e\s lives ( a life liv$ 
9 ob$i5ce to a lonely & di/+ui%$ ideal4 
,,ii  ,! m a poet rids 8 v]ses (        
het]og5e\s k & irrelevant analysis1 &   
purifies 8 m9d ) elaborate art1 ! m does
 ! little ritual ( 8 v]se resemble !    
great ritual ( ,nature1 & become my/]i\s
 & inscrutable4 ,he becomes1 z all !    
great my/ics h believ$1 a vessel ( !    

creative p[] ( ,god2 & :e!r he be a     
great poet or a small poet1 we c praise 
! poems1 :i* b seem to be 81 ) !        
extremity ( praise t we give ?is great  
ritual :i* is b copi$ f ! same et]nal   
model4 ,!re is poetry t is l ! :ite     
light ( noon1 & poetry t has ! heav9ess 
( woods1 & poetry t has ! gold5 light ( 
dawn or ( sunset2 & ,i f9d 9 ! poetry ( 
,mr4 ,bridges 9 ! plays1 b /ill m 9 !   
lyrics1 ! pale col\rs1 ! delicate       
sil5ce1 ! l[ murmurs ( cl\dy c\ntry     
days1 :5 ! pl\gh is 9 ! e>?1 & ! cl\ds  
d>k5+ t[>ds sunset2 & _h ,i ! great gift
 ( prais+1 ,i w\ld praise x z ,i w\ld   
praise ^! ?+s4  #ahif4     ,,irel& ,,&  
,,! ,,arts   ,! arts h fail$2 few] p are
 int]e/$ 9 !m e g5]ation4 ,! m]e bus9ess
 ( liv+1 ( mak+ money1 ( amus+ oneself1 
occupies p m & m1 & makes !m less & less
 capable ( ! difficult art (            
appreciation4 ,:5 !y buy a picture x    
g5]ally %[s a long-curr5t idea1 or "s   
conv5tional =m t c be admir$ 9 t lax    
mood "o admires a f9e c>riage 9 or f9e  

horses 92 & :5 !y buy a book x is s mu* 
9 ! mann] ( ! picture t x is =gott51 :5 
its mom5t is ov]1 z a glass ( w9e is    
=gott54 ,we :o c>e deeply ab\t ! arts   
f9d ourselves ! prie/hood ( an almo/    
=gott5 fai?1 & we mu/1 ,i ?9k1 if we    
w\ld w9 ! p aga91 take ^u ourselves !   
me?od & ! f]v\r ( a prie/hood4 ,we mu/  
be half humble & half pr\d4 ,we see !   
p]fect m ?an o!rs1 x may be1 b we mu/   
f9d ! passions among ! p4 ,we mu/       
baptize z well z prea*4  ,! mak]s (     
religions h e/abli%$ _! c]emonies1 _! =m
 ( art1 ^u fe> ( dea?1 on ! hope ( !    
fa!r 9 8 *ild1 ^u ! love ( man & woman4 
,!y h ev5 ga!r$ into _! c]emonies !     
c]emonies ( m anci5t fai?s1 = fe> a gra9
 ( ! du/ turn$ into cry/al 9 "s pa/     
fire1 a passion t _h m+l$ ) ! religi\s  
idea1 might p]i% if ! anci5t c]emony    
p]i%$4 ,!y h r5am$ wells & images & giv5
 new mean+s to c]emonies ( spr+ &       
midsumm] & h>ve/4 ,9 v e>ly days ! arts 
7 s possess$ by ?is me?od t !y 7 almo/  
insep>able f religion1 go+ side by side 

) x into all life4 ,b1 to-day1 !y h     
gr[n1 z ,i ?9k1 too pr\d1 too anxi\s to 
live alone ) ! p]fect1 & s "o sees !m1 z
 ,i ?9k1 l *>iote]s /&+ by des]t$ *>iots
 & hold+ brok5 re9s 9 _! h&s1 or seek+  
to g ^u _! way drawn by ! "o passion :i*
 alone rema9s to !m out ( ! passions ( !
 _w4 ,we %\ld n blame !m1 b r a my/]i\s 
t5d5cy 9 ?+s :i* w h its end "s day4 ,9 
,engl&1 m5 l ,william ,morris1 see+ ab\t
 !m passions s long sep>at$ f ! p]fect t
 x seem$ z if !y c\ld n be *ang$ until  
society _h be5 *ang$1 tri$ to unite !   
arts once m to life by unit+ !m to use4 
,!y advis$ pa9t]s to pa9t few] pictures 
^u canvas1 & to burn m ( !m on plates2 &
 !y tri$ to p]suade sculptors t a       
c&le/ick might be z beautiful z a /atue4
 ,b "h 9 ,irel&1 :5 ! arts h gr[n       
humble1 !y w f9d two passions ready to  
_! h&s1 love ( ! ,unse5 ,life & love (  
c\ntry4 ,i w\ld h a dev\t writ] or pa9t]
 (t5 cont5t himself ) subjects tak5 f 8 
religi\s beliefs2 & if 8 religi\s       
beliefs are ^? ( ! majority1 he may at  

la/ move he>ts 9 e cottage4 ,:ile ev5 if
 8 religi\s beliefs are ^? ( "s m9ority1
 he w h a bett] welcome ?an if he wrote 
( ! rape ( ,p]sephone1 or pa9t$ ! burn+ 
( ,%elley's body4 ,he w h f\nd$ 8 "w on 
a passion :i* w br+ him to _m besides ^?
 :o h be5 tra9$ to c>e = beautiful ?+s  
by a special education4 ,if he is a     
pa9t] or a sculptor he w f9d *ur*es     
await+ 8 h& ev]y:]e1 & if he foll[s !   
ma/]s ( 8 craft our o!r passion w come  
into 8 "w also1 = he w %[ 8 ,holy       
,family w9d+ among hills l ^? ( ,irel&1 
& 8 ,be>] ( ! ,cross among faces copi$ f
 ! faces ( 8 own t[n4 ,our art tea*]s   
%\ld urge _! pupils into ?is "w1 = ,i c 
rememb]1 :5 ,i 0 myself a ,dubl9 art    
/ud5t1 h[ ,i us$ to despond1 :5 eag]ness
 burn$ l[1 z x always mu/ n[ & !n1 at   
see+ no m>ket at all4  ,b ,i w\ld r     
speak to ^? :o1 :ile mov$ 9 o!r ?+s ?an 
! arts by love ( c\ntry1 are beg9n+ to  
write1 z ,i 0 "s sixte5 ye>s ago1 )\t   
any decid$ impulse to "o ?+ m ?an ano!r1
 & especially to ^? :o are conv9c$1 z ,i

 0 conv9c$1 t art is tribeless1         
nationless1 a blossom ga!r$ 9 ,no ,man's
 ,l&4 ,! ,greeks1 ! only p]fect arti/s (
 ! _w1 look$ )9 _! own bord]s1 & we1 l  
!m1 h a hi/ory full] ?an any mod]n      
hi/ory ( imag9ative ev5ts2 & leg5ds :i* 
surpass1 z ,i ?9k1 all leg5ds b !irs 9  
wild beauty1 & 9 our l&1 z 9 !irs1 !re  
is no riv] or m\nta9 t is n associat$ 9 
! memory ) "s ev5t or leg5d2 :ile       
political reasons h made love ( c\ntry1 
z ,i ?9k1 ev5 great] among u ?an among  
!m4 ,i w\ld h our writ]s & craftsm5 ( _m
 k9ds ma/] ?is hi/ory & ^! leg5ds1 & fix
 ^u _! memory ! appe>ance ( m\nta9s &   
riv]s & make x all visible aga9 9 _!    
arts1 s t ,iri%m51 ev5 ?\gh !y _h gone  
?\s&s ( miles away1 w\ld /ill be 9 _!   
own c\ntry4 ,:e!r !y *ose = ! subject ! 
c>ry+ (f ( ! ,br[n ,bull1 or ! com+ (   
,patrick1 or ! political /ruggle ( lat] 
times1 ! o!r _w comes s mu* into x all t
 _! love ( x w\ld move 9 _! h&s also1 & 
z mu*1 x may be1 z 9 ! h&s ( ! ,greek   
craftsm54 ,9 o!r words1 ,i w\ld h ,irel&

 recreate ! anci5t arts1 ! arts z !y 7  
und]/ood 9 ,juda1 9 ,india1 9 ,sc&9avia1
 9 ,greece & ,rome1 9 e anci5t l&2 z !y 
7 und]/ood :5 !y mov$ a :ole p & n a few
 p :o h gr[n up 9 a leisur$ class & made
 ?is und]/&+ _! bus9ess4  ,i ?9k t my   
read]#b w h agre$ ) mo/ t ,i h said up  
till n[1 = we all hope = arts l ^!4 ,i  
?9k inde$ ,i fir/ le>n$ to hope = !m    
myself 9 ,"y ,irel& ,societies1 or 9    
read+ ! essays ( ,davis4 ,an ,engli%man1
 ) 8 belief 9 progress1 ) 8 in/9ctive   
pref]5ce = ! cosmopolitan lit]ature ( ! 
la/ c5tury1 may ?9k arts l ^! p>o*ial1 b
 !y are ! arts we h begun ! mak+ (4  ,i 
w n1 h[ev]1 h all my read]s ) me :5 ,i  
say t no writ]1 no arti/1 ev5 ?\gh he   
*oose ,brian ,boroihme or ,s4 ,patrick =
 8 subject1 %\ld try to make 8 "w       
popul>4 ,once he has *os5 a subject he  
mu/ ?9k ( no?+ b giv+ x su* an          
expression z w please himself4 ,z ,walt 
,:itman has writt5--    ',! oration is  
to ! orator1 ! act+ is to ! actor &     
actress1       n to ! audi5ce3   ,& no  

man und]/&s any greatness or goodness b 
8 own or !       indication ( 8 own4'   
,he mu/ make 8 "w a "p ( 8 own j\rney   
t[>ds beauty & tru?4 ,he mu/ picture    
sa9t or h]o1 or hillside1 z he sees !m1 
n z he is expect$ to see !m1 & he mu/   
com=t himself1 :5 o!rs cry out aga9/ :at
 he has se51 by rememb]+ t no two m5 are
 alike1 & t !re is no 'excell5t beauty  
)\t /rang5ess4' ,9 ?is matt] he mu/ be  
)\t humility4 ,he may1 inde$1 d\bt !    
reality ( 8 vision if m5 d n qu>rel )   
him z !y did ) ! ,apo/les1 = !re is only
 "o p]fection & only "o se>* =          
p]fection1 & x sometimes has ! =m ( !   
religi\s life & sometimes ( ! arti/ic   
life2 & ,i d n ?9k ^! lives diff] 9 _!  
wages1 = ',! end ( art is peace1' & out 
( ! "o z out ( ! o!r comes ! cry3 ,s]o  
te amavi1 ,pul*ritudo tam antiqua et tam
 nova6 ,s]o te amavi6  ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur*
 is n ! less ! ,*ur* ( ! p because !    
,mass is spok5 9 ,lat91 & art is n less 
! art ( ! p because x does n always     
speak 9 ! language !y are us$ to4 ,i    

once he>d my fri5d ,mr4 ,ellis say1     
speak+ at a celebration 9 hon\r ( a     
writ] ^: fame _h n come till long aft] 8
 dea?1 ',x is n ! bus9ess ( a poet to   
make himself und]/ood1 b x is ! bus9ess 
( ! p to und]/& him4 ,t !y are at la/   
compell$ to d s is ! pro( ( 8 au?ority4'
 ,& c]ta9ly if y take f art its         
m>tyrdom1 y w take f x its glory4 ,x    
might /ill reflect ! pass+ modes (      
mank9d1 b x w\ld cease to reflect ! face
 ( ,god4  ,if our craftsm5 7 to *oose _!
 subjects "u :at we may call1 if we     
und]/& fai? to mean t belief 9 a        
spiritual life :i* is n conf9$ to "o    
,*ur*1 ! p]suasion ( _! fai? & _!       
c\ntry1 !y w\ld soon discov] t al?\gh _!
 *oice seem$ arbitr>y at fir/1 x _h     
obey$ :at 0 deepe/ 9 !m4 ,i c\ld n n[   
write ( any o!r c\ntry b ,irel&1 = my   
/yle has be5 %ap$ by ! subjects ,i h    
work$ on1 b !re 0 a "t :5 my imag9ation 
seem$ unwill+1 :5 ,i f\nd myself writ+ (
 "s ,iri% ev5t 9 words t w\ld h bett]   
fitt$ "s ,italian or ,ea/]n ev5t1 = my  

/yle _h be5 %ap$ 9 t g5]al /ream (      
,european lit]ature :i* has come f s _m 
wat]%$s1 & x 0 sl[ly1 v sl[ly1 t ,i made
 a new /yle4 ,x 0 ye>s be=e ,i c\ld rid 
myself ( ,%elley's ,italian light1 b n[ 
,i ?9k my /yle is myself4 ,i might h    
f\nd m ( ,irel& if ,i _h writt5 9 ,iri%1
 b ,i h f\nd a little1 & ,i h f\nd all  
myself4 ,i am p]suad$ t if ! ,iri%m5 :o 
are pa9t+ conv5tional pictures or writ+ 
conv5tional books on ali5 subjects1 :i* 
h be5 worn away l pebbles on ! %ore1    
w\ld d ! same1 !y1 too1 might f9d       
!mselves4 ,ev5 ! l&scape-pa9t]1 :o pa9ts
 a place t he loves1 & t no o!r man has 
pa9t$1 soon discov]s t no /yle le>n$ 9 !
 /udios is :olly fitt$ to 8 purpose4 ,& 
,i _c b believe t if our pa9t]s (       
,highl& cattle & moss-cov]$ b>ns 7 to   
c>e en\gh = _! c\ntry to c>e = :at makes
 x diff]5t f o!r c\ntries1 !y w\ld      
discov]1 :5 /ruggl+1 x may be1 to pa9t !
 exact grey ( ! b>e ,burr5 ,hills1 & ( a
 sudd5 x may be1 a new /yle1 _! v       
selves4 ,& ,i admit1 ?\gh 9 ?is ,i am   

mov$ by "s t\* ( fanaticism1 t ev5 :5 ,i
 see an old subject writt5 ( or pa9t$ 9 
a new way1 ,i am yet jeal\s = ,cu*ula91 
& = ,baile1 & ,aill9n1 & = ^? grey      
m\nta9s t /ill are lack+ _! celebration4
 ,i sometimes reproa* myself because ,i 
_c admire ,mr4 ,hughes' beautiful1      
pite\s ,orpheus & ,eurydice ) an        
unque/ion+ m9d4 ,i say ) my lips1 ',!   
,_s made x1 = x is beautiful1 & ! ,_s   
bl[e? :]e x li/e?1' b ,i say 9 my he>t1 
',a5gus & ,eta9 w\ld h s]v$ 8 turn2' b  
"o _c1 p]haps1 love or believe at all if
 "o does n love or believe a little too 
mu*4  ,& ,i d n ?9k ) unbrok5 pleasure (
 our s*ol>s :o write ab\t ,g]man writ]s 
or ab\t p]iods ( ,greek hi/ory4 ,i      
always rememb] t !y c\ld give u a numb] 
( little books :i* w\ld tell1 ea* book =
 "s "o c\ntry1 or "s "o p>i%1 ! v]ses1  
or ! /ories1 or ! ev5ts t w\ld make e   
lake or m\nta9 a man c see f 8 own door 
an excitem5t 9 8 imag9ation4 ,i w\ld h  
"s ( !m leave t "w ( !irs :i* w nev]    
lack h&s1 & beg9 to dig 9 ,irel&1 ! g>d5

 ( ! future1 und]/&+ t "h 9 ,irel& ! _s 
( man may be ab\t to w$ ! soil ( ! _w4  
,art & s*ol>%ip l ^! ,i h describ$ w\ld 
give ,irel& m ?an !y receiv$ f h]1 = !y 
w\ld make love ( ! unse5 m un%akable1 m 
ready to plunge deep into ! abyss1 & !y 
w\ld make love ( c\ntry m fruitful 9 !  
m9d1 m a "p ( daily life4 ,"o w\ld "k an
 ,iri%man into ^: life !y _h come--& 9 a
 few g5]ations !y w\ld come into ! life 
( all1 ri* & poor--by some?+ t set him  
ap>t among m54 ,he himself w\ld und]/& t
 m 0 expect$ ( him ?an ( o!rs because he
 _h great] possessions4 ,! ,iri% race   
w\ld h become a *os5 race1 "o ( ! pill>s
 t uphold ! _w4  #aija4     ,,! ,,galway
 ,,pla9s   ,lady ,gregory has j giv5 me 
h] beautiful ,poets & ,dream]s1 & x has 
br\ght to m9d a day two or ?ree ye>s ago
 :5 ,i /ood on ! side ( ,slieve ,e*tge1 
look+ out ov] ,galway4 ,! ,burr5 ,hills 
7 to my left1 & ?\gh ,i =get :e!r ,i    
c\ld see ! cairn ov] ,bald ,conan ( !   
,fianna1 ,i c\ld c]ta9ly see _m places  
!re t are 9 poems & /ories4 ,9 front (  

me1 ov] _m miles ( level ,galway pla9s1 
,i saw a l[ blue hill flood$ ) ev5+     
light4 ,i ask$ a c\ntryman :o 0 ) me :at
 hill t 01 & he told me x 0 ,crua*maa ( 
! ,sidhe4 ,i _h (t5 he>d ( ,crua*maa ( !
 ,sidhe ev5 z f> nor? z ,sligo1 = !     
c\ntry p h told me a great _m /ories ( !
 great ho/ ( ! ,sidhe :o live !re1 /ill 
fight+ & hold+ fe/ivals4  ,i ask$ ! old 
c\ntryman ab\t x1 & he told me ( /range 
wom5 :o _h come f x1 & :o w\ld come into
 a h\se hav+ ! appe>ance ( c\ntrywom51 b
 w\ld "k all t _h happ5$ 9 t h\se2 & h[ 
!y w\ld always pay back ) increase1 ?\gh
 n by _! own h&s1 :atev] 0 giv5 to !m4  
,& he _h he>d1 too1 ( p :o _h be5 c>ri$ 
away into ! hill1 & h[ "o man w5t to    
look = 8 wife !re1 & dug into ! hill &  
all b got 8 wife aga91 b at ! v mom5t %e
 0 com+ out to him1 ! pick he 0 digg+ ) 
/ruck h] ^u ! head & kill$ h]4 ,i ask$  
him if he _h himself se5 any ( its      
en*antm5ts1 & he said1 ',sometimes :5 ,i
 look ov] to ! hill1 ,i see a mi/ ly+ on
 ! top ( x1 t goes away aft] a :ile4'   

,a great "p ( ! poems & /ories 9 ,lady  
,gregory's book 7 made or ga!r$ betwe5  
,burr5 & ,crua*maa4 ,x 0 "h t ,raft]y1 !
 w&]+ c\ntry poet ( n9ety ye>s ago1     
prais$ & blam$1 *ant+ f9e v]ses1 & play+
 badly on 8 fiddle4 ,x is "h ! ballads (
 meet+ & p>t+ h be5 sung1 & "s ^:       
lam5tations = defeat are /ill rememb]$  
may h pass$ ?r\gh ?is pla9 fly+ f !     
battle ( ,aughrim4  ',i w g up on !     
m\nta9 alone2 & ,i w come hi!r f x aga94
 ,x is !re ,i saw ! camp ( ! ,gael1 !   
poor troop ?9n$1 n keep+ ) "o ano!r2 ,o*
 ,o*one6' ,& "h1 if "o c believe _m     
dev\t p ^: /ories are 9 ! book1 ,*ri/   
has walk$ ^u ! roads1 br++ ! ne$y to "s 
w>m fireside1 & s5d+ "o ( ,8 ,sa9ts to  
ano9t ! dy+4  ,i d n ?9k ^! c\ntry      
imag9ations h *ang$ mu* = c5turies1 = !y
 are /ill busy ) ^? two !mes ( ! anci5t 
,iri% poets1 ! /]nness ( battle & !     
sadness ( p>t+ & dea?4 ,! emotion t 9   
o!r c\ntries has made _m love songs has 
"h be5 giv51 9 a long woo+1 to dang]1 t 
gho/ly bride4 ,x is n a diff]5ce 9 !    

sub/ance ( ?+s t ! lam5tations t 7 sung 
aft] battles are n[ sung = m5 :o h di$  
^u ! gall[s4  ,! emotion has become n   
less1 b m noble1 by ! *ange1 = ! man :o 
goes to 8 dea? ) ! ?\ght--    ',x is ) !
 p ,i 01   ,x is n ) ! law ,i 01'  has  
beh9d him g5]ations ( poetry & poetical 
life4  ,! poets ( to-day speak ) ! voice
 ( ! unkn[n prie/ :o wrote1 "s two      
hundr$ ye>s ago1 t ,sorr[ful ,lam5t =   
,irel&1 ,lady ,gregory has put into     
passionate & rhy?mical prose--    ',i d 
n "k ( any?+ "u ! sky   ,t is fri5dly or
 fav\rable to ! ,gael1   ,b only ! sea t
 our ne$ br+s u to1   ,or ! w9d t bl[s  
to ! h>b\r   ,! %ip t is be>+ u away f  
,irel&2   ,& !re is reason t ^! are     
reconcil$ ) u1   ,= we increase ! sea ) 
our te>s1   ,& ! w&]+ w9d ) our sighs4' 
,!re is /ill 9 tru? ^u ^! great level   
pla9s a p1 a community b\nd toge!r by   
imag9ative possessions1 by /ories &     
poems :i* h gr[n out ( its own life1 &  
by a pa/ ( great passions :i* c /ill    
wak5 ! he>t to imag9ative action4 ,"o   

c\ld /ill1 if "o _h ! g5ius1 & _h be5   
born to ,iri%1 write = ^! p plays &     
poems l ^? ( ,greece4 ,does n ! greate/ 
poetry always require a p to li/5 to x8 
,engl& or any o!r c\ntry :i* takes its  
tune f ! great cities & gets its ta/e f 
s*ools & n f old cu/om1 may h a mob1 b x
 _c h a p4 ,9 ,engl& !re are a few gr\ps
 ( m5 & wom5 :o h good ta/e1 :e!r 9     
cook]y or 9 books2 & ! great multitudes 
b copy !m or _! copi]s4 ,! poet mu/     
always pref] ! community :]e ! p]fect$  
m9ds express ! p1 to a community t is   
va9ly seek+ to copy ! p]fect$ m9ds4 ,to 
h ev5 p]fectly ! ?\ghts t c be weigh$1 !
 k t c be got f books1 ! precision t c  
be le>n$ at s*ool1 to belong to any     
ari/ocracy1 is to be a little pool t w  
soon dry up4 ,a p alone are a great     
riv]2 & t is :y ,i am p]suad$ t :]e a p 
has di$1 a nation is ab\t to die4       
#aijc4     ,,emotion ,,( ,,multitude    
,i h be5 ?9k+ a good deal ab\t plays    
lately1 & ,i h be5 wond]+ :y ,i dislike 
! cle> & logical con/ruction :i* seems  

necess>y if "o is to succe$ on ! ,mod]n 
,/age4 ,x came into my head ! o!r day t 
?is con/ruction1 :i* all ! _w has le>nt 
f ,france1 has ev]y?+ ( high lit]ature  
except ! emotion ( multitude4 ,! ,greek 
drama has got ! emotion ( multitude f   
its *orus1 :i* call$ up fam\s sorr[s1   
long-leagu]$ ,troy1 mu*-endur+          
,odysseus1 & all ! gods & h]oes to      
witness1 z x 71 "s well-ord]$ fable1 "s 
action sep>at$ b = ?is f all b itself4  
,! ,fr5* play delights 9 ! well-ord]$   
fable1 b by leav+ out ! *orus x has     
creat$ an art :]e poetry & imag9ation1  
always ! *ildr5 ( f>-(f multitud9\s ?+s1
 mu/ ( necessity gr[ less important ?an 
! m]e w4 ,?is is :y1 ,i said to myself1 
,fr5* dramatic poetry is s (t5 a little 
rhetorical1 = rhetoric is ! w try+ to d 
! "w ( ! imag9ation4 ,! ,%akespe>ean    
,drama gets ! emotion ( multitude out ( 
! sub-plot :i* copies ! ma9 plot1 mu* z 
a %ad[ ^u ! wall copies "o's body 9 !   
firelight4 ,we ?9k ( ,k+ ,le> less z !  
hi/ory ( "o man & 8 sorr[s ?an z !      

hi/ory ( a :ole evil "t4 ,le>'s %ad[ is 
9 ,glo/]1 :o also has ungrateful *ildr51
 & ! m9d goes on imag9+ o!r %ad[s1 %ad[ 
beyond %ad[ till x has pictur$ ! _w4 ,9 
,hamlet1 "o h>dly notices1 s subtly is !
 web wov51 t ! murd] ( ,hamlet's fa!r & 
! sorr[ ( ,hamlet are %ad[$ 9 ! lives ( 
,=t9bras & ,ophelia & ,la]tes1 ^: fa!rs1
 too1 h be5 kill$4 ,x is s 9 all !      
plays1 or 9 all b all1 & v commonly !   
sub-plot is ! ma9 plot work+ itself out 
9 m ord9>y m5 & wom51 & s d\bly call+ up
 be=e u ! image ( multitude4 ,ibs5 &    
,maet]l9ck h on ! o!r h& creat$ a new   
=m1 = !y get multitude f ! ,wild ,duck 9
 ! ,attic1 or f ! ,cr[n at ! bottom ( ! 
,f\nta91 vague symbols t set ! m9d w&]+ 
f idea to idea1 emotion to emotion4     
,inde$ all ! great ,ma/]s h und]/ood1 t 
!re _c be great art )\t ! little limit$ 
life ( ! fable1 :i* is always ! bett] ! 
simpl] x is1 & ! ri*1 f>-w&]+1 _m-imag$ 
life ( ! half-se5 _w beyond x4 ,!re are 
"s :o und]/& t ! simple unmy/]i\s ?+s   
liv+ z 9 a cle> noon-light are ( !      

nature ( ! sun1 & t vague _m-imag$ ?+s h
 9 !m ! /r5g? ( ! moon4 ,did n !        
,egyptian c>ve x on em]ald t all liv+   
?+s h ! sun = fa!r & ! moon = "m1 & has 
x n be5 said t a man ( g5ius takes ! mo/
 aft] 8 "m8  #aijc4     ,footnotes3  #a 
',m>ianne's ,dream' 0 c]ta9ly copi$ f a 
real dream ( somebody's1 b l images come
 to ! my/ic 9 8 wak+ /ate4  #b ,?is     
essay 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 ! ,unit$         
,iri%man4     ,transcrib]'s ,note3      
,unmat*$ quotation m>ks & spell+ v>iants
 are pres5t$ z 9 ! orig9al text4