,,!ory ,,& ,,practice1 ,,appli$ ,,to ,,! ,,cultivation ,,( ,,! ,,cucumb]1 ,,9 ,,! ,,w9t] ,,season3 ,,to ,,:i* ,,is ,,add$1 ,a ,,*apt] ,,on ,,melons3 ,,by ,,?omas ,,moore1 ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,botanical ,,society ,,( ,,london4 ,,second ,,edition1 ,,) ,,an ,,app5dix1 ,,conta9+ ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,heat+ ,,a]at+1 ,,& ,,cov]+ ,,=c+ ,,h\ses2 ,,on ,,transplant+1 ,,& ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,turf ,,pots2 ,,on ,,wat]+2 ,,on ,,atmosph]ic ,,humidity1 c41 c4 ,,london3 ,,ri*>d ,,groombridge ,,& ,,sons1 #e ,,pat]no/] ,,r[4 ,,mdcccxlvii4 ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,david ,m4 ,,ai$ ,,james ,,/41 ,,cov5t ,,g>d54 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,fir/ ,,edition4 ,?is little treatise is int5d$ z an inducem5t to "y ,g>d5]s especially1 to seek = ! reasons on :i* ! op]ations ( _! daily practice are f\nd$1 & by :i* !y are regulat$4 ,?is ann\ncem5t is "h made1 9 ord] to prev5t any read] f suppos+ t ! au?or has unduly e/imat$ ! op9ions ( ^? :o h b5efit$ by a long c\rse ( application & exp]i5ce4 ,z1 h[ev]1 !re c be no d\bt t !re is mu* to be le>n$1 s is !re b little "q t !re is also mu* to be unle>n$1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( ! ,sci5ce ( ,horticulture2 & ^! pages are (f]$ )\t hesitation1 z a mite among ! accumulat+ mass ( available in=mation on g>d5+ subjects2 & 9 ! hope t "s among/ ^? :o are seek+ to ext5d _! k1 may at lea/ be /imulat$ by _! p]usal1 if !y are n o!rwise directly b5efit$4 ,! great tru?s :i* x is ! object ( ?is treatise to impress1 are ^!3 t ! ultimate success ( g>d5+ op]ations does n dep5d on ! p]=mance ( any "p ( !m1 at a p>ticul> "t1 or 9 a p>ticul> or ev5 sup]ior mann]1 b r ^u ! supply+1 9 a natural mann]1 z f> z possible1 all ! conditions :i* are necess>y to ! nutrition & p]petuation ( plants2 &1 t x is )9 ! op5 pa?way ( ,sci5ce1 & n ! bye-ways ( empiricism1 t ! f+]-po/ ( direction %\ld be s\ght4 ,royal ,botanic ,g>d51 ,reg5t's ,p>k1 ,m>* #bnd1 #ahdd4 ,,to ,,! ,,second ,,edition4 ,9 ! pres5t edition1 x has be5 ?\ght be/ to pres]ve ! orig9al text exactly z x appe>$ 9 ! fir/ edition4 ,! new matt] w be f\nd 9 ! ,app5dix4 ,! au?or may take ?is opportunity ( return+ 8 ?anks to ^? :o h notic$ & comm5d$ ! =m] edition1 & ( express+ a hope t ! pres5t w receive an equal %>e ( fav\r4 ,camd5 ,t[n1 ,aug4 #a1 #ahdg4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,,page ,botanical "n1 & aff9ities ( ! ,cucumb]--prop]ties-- =eign names--improvem5ts 9 cultivation #i ,,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,/ructures--dung b$s--brick pits--=c+ h\ses--gutt] sy/em ( heat+--! tank sy/em--bottom heat--description ( ,cucumb] h\se--aspect--position--angle--cov]+ #aa ,,*ap4 ,,iii4 ,propagation by cutt+s--e>ly fruitfulness--pres]vation ( v>ieties--lay]s--objections to cutt+s & lay]s--se$s-- disadvantages--progressive gr[?--se$ s[+ #bc ,,*ap4 ,,iv4 ,g5]al pr9ciples ( culture--importance ( light--prun+ & tra9+ #ca ,,*ap4 ,v4 ,composition ( ! soil--hea? soil--leaf m\ld--prep>ation ( soil--*>coal--manures--liquid manures #cf ,,*ap4 ,,vi4 ,application ( wat] to ! soil--special conditions-- atmosph]ic moi/ure--insects--mildew--cank]--mode ( wat]+ #db ,,*ap4 ,,vii4 ,regulation ( temp]ature--pr9ciples to be kept 9 view--day & night temp]ature--d$uctions #df ,,*ap4 ,,viii4 ,admission ( air--effect ( cold air on t5d] plants-- det]ioration--evils result+ f ungu>d$ atmosph]ic *anges--mode ( admitt+ air--atmosph]ic influ5ce on vegetation--nitrog5--c>bon #ej ,,*ap4 ,,ix4 ,gr[? ( ,p]sian ,melons 9 summ]--peculi>ities ( treatm5t--soil--wat]+--sol> heat--light #ef ,,*ap4 ,x4 ,conclusion #ei ,,treatise4 ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,,introductory ,,rem>ks4 ,! ,cucumb]1 ,cucumis sativa1 is suppos$ to be a native ( ! ,ea/ ,indies2 b l _m o!r ( our cul9>y plants1 ! real /ations :i* x naturally has occupi$1 are involv$ 9 obscurity3 9 habit x is a trail+ h]b1 ) ?ick fle%y /ems1 broadly palmate leaves1 & yell[ axill>y monci\s fl[]s4 ,9 ! natural arrangem5t ( ! vegetable k+dom1 ! g5us ( :i* x =ms "p1 ranks 9 ! fir/ gr& class1 ,vascul>es1 or ^? plants :i* are furni%$ ) vessels1 & woody fibre2 9 ! sub-class ,calyciflor1 or ^? 9 :i* ! /am5s are p]igyn\s2 & 9 ! ord] ,cucurbitace1 or t gr\p1 ( :i* ! g5us ,cucurbita1 or ,g\rd family is ! type4 ,! aff9ities ( ?is ord]1 are *iefly ) ,loasace1 & ,onagrace2 ) ! =m] x agrees 9 its inf]ior unilocul> fruit1 hav+ a p>ietal plac5t1 & ) ! latt]1 9 its def9ite p]igyn\s /am5s1 s+le /yle1 & exalbum9\s se$s4 ,x has also "s aff9ity ) ,passiflorace1 & ,papayace1 9 ! nature ( ! fruit1 & ) ,ari/olo*iace1 9 its tw9+ habit1 & inf]ior ov>ium4 ,m4 ,augu/e ,/4 ,hili>e1 also reg>ds x z be+ relat$ to ,campanulace1 9 ! p]igyn\s ins]tion ( ! /am5s1 ! s+le /yle ) sev]al /igmas1 ! inf]ior ov>ium1 & 9 ! qu9>y division ( ! floral envelope1 9 connection ) ! t]n>y division ( ! fruit4 ,! prop]ties ( ! plants compris$ 9 ?is natural family1 are n num]\s2 a bitt] laxative quality p]vades _m ( !m1 a famili> example ( :i* is ! res9\s sub/ance call$ ,colyc9?9e1 ! production ( ! ,colocyn? g\rd1 9 :i* ! active purgative pr9ciple is conc5trat$1 r5d]+ x dra/ic1 & irritat+4 ,among our native plants ! roots ( ,bryonia dioica1 9 common ) ! p]5nial roots ( all ! plants 9 ! ord]1 possess ^! purgative prop]ties4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! se$s are sweet1 yield+ an abundant supply ( oil2 & x may be wor?y ( rem>k1 t !y nev] p>take ( ! prop]ties ( ! pulp ) :i* !y are surr\nd$ 9 ! fruit4 ,! ,cucumb] does n possess ! prop]ties common to ! ord]1 9 v p[]ful degree2 its fruit is h[ev] too cold = _m p]sons1 caus+ flatul5cy1 di>rhoea1 & ev5 *ol]a2 by o!rs1 x may be eat5 ) avidity1 )\t produc+ any injuri\s effects4 ,! names by :i* ! ,cucumb] is recognis$ by ! ,h9doos1 are ,ketimon1 & ,tim\4 ,9 ! ,fr5*1 x is call$ ,concombre2 9 ! ,g]man1 ,gurke2 & 9 ! ,italian1 ,citriuolo4 ,z a cultivat$ plant1 x is ( ne>ly equal antiquity ) ! ,v9e2 be+ m5tion$ by ! writ] ( ! ,p5tateu*1 z be+ cultivat$ ext5sively 9 ,egypt1 above #cjjj ye>s s9ce4 ,! cultivation ( ?is plant1 & ! production ( f9e fruit at an e>ly season1 is an object ( emulation among g>d5]s ( ! pres5t day2 & f ?is cause1 _m important improvem5ts 9 ! mode ( its cultivation h be5 effect$4 ,! va/ increase ( means1 aris+ f an acqua9tance ) p[]ful ag5ts1 =m]ly unkn[n1 :i* are available by ! pres5t & ris+ races ( g>d5]s1 enable !m to secure ! same important results :i* co/ _! pr$ecessors mu* bo? ( lab\r & anxiety1 ) a comp>atively small am\nt ( ! =m]1 & a degree ( c]ta9ty at :i* !y c\ld nev] arrive4 ,! ag5ts :i* an enlight5$ age has br\ght "u contr\l1 are inde$ p[]ful eng9es1 :i* require mu* skill 9 _! adaptation & managem5t2 b ! k necess>y to effect ?is1 is s firmly & insep>ably connect$ ) ! fir/ pr9ciples ( cultivation1 t an acqua9tance ) ^!1 w at all times supply a safe & un]r+ guide to _! application4 ,x is to assi/ ! "y g>d5] 9 ?is application ( pr9ciples1 to ! gr[? ( ! ,cucumb] 9 ! w9t] season1 t ^! pages are design$2 & ( ^? :o may diff] f ! op9ions :i* are "h express$1 x is only requir$ t !y %\ld receive a calm & delib]ate consid]ation--a consid]ation unbiass$ by prejudice1 & unmix$ ) any ( t fev]i% excitem5t aft] novelties1 :i* ) g>d5]s1 z well z ) all o!r classes ( society1 is becom+ f> too preval5t1 & int5se4 ,,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,,on ,,! ,,/ructures ,,adapt$ ,,= ,,! ,,gr[? ,,( ,,cucumb]s4 ,i w preface ! foll[+ rem>ks on ! /ructures adapt$ = ! gr[? ( ,cucumb]s1 by /at+1 t a =c+ h\se1 a pit1 & a common frame1 pres5t ! means ( br++ ?is fruit to its p]fection1 equally1 "o ) ! o!r1 provid$ t a c\rse ( cultivation suitable to ! /ructure1 is foll[$ out2 ! comp>ative m]its ( ea*1 dep5d n s mu* on ! nature ( ! results :i* may be obta9$ by adopt+ !m1 z on ! facilities !y af=d = ! atta9m5t ( ^? results4 ,! use ( ! common frame1 & ! ord9>y hotb$ ( f]m5t+ manure1 nev]!less involves ^! difficulties3--! f]m5tation is liable to become excessive1 & t 9 a v rapid mann]1 & also to decl9e z rapidly2 ! heat1 :5 decl9+1 _c be spe$ily re/or$ 9 unpropiti\s wea!r2 x is mat]ially *eck$ 9 its action1 by t p>ticul> /ate ( ! wea!r1 :i* r5d]s its effici5t action mo/ ess5tial2 x involves almo/ an inf9itude ( lab\r2 & aft] all1 x is unc]ta9 9 its action3 :5 su* difficulties z ^!1 are ov]come1 ,cucumb]s c be gr[n to p]fection1 on dung b$s1 assi/$ by ! common g>d5 frame & sa%4 ,! brick pit1 :5 heat$ by f]m5t+ manure1 pres5ts difficulties ( ! same nature ) ! prece$+1 ?\gh 9 a less p[]ful degree3 b :5 ^! /ructures are heat$ by means ( hot wat]1 9 any ( its v>i\s modes ( application1 !re ne$ be no irregul>ity1 nor unc]ta9ty 9 its action2 because ! supply ( ! elem5ts ( vegetable developem5t1 & ( ! ag5ts by ^: aid !y are appli$1 may1 to a v great ext5t1 g on un9t]rupt$ly4 ,a =c+ h\se1 :il/ x secures all ! advantages :i* are pres5t$ by a pit1 comb9es ) ^!1 "s important po9ts :i* are peculi>ly its own3 by adopt+ a pit1 we provide a /ructure ( :i* ,cucumb]s manife/ _! approval1 by ?riv+ equally z well z 9 _! m anci5t location on a dung b$2 b fur!r ?an ?is1 a pit enables u to disp5se ) mu* ( ! lab\r1 & all ! fil?1 & ! unc]ta9ty :i* are consequ5t on ! use ( f]m5t+ manure z a means ( keep+ up ! temp]ature 9 :i* !y are gr[n4 ,9 a small =c+ h\se1 besides ^! advantages be+ secur$1 all ! op]ations ( c>e & culture1 c be p]=m$ j :5 !y become necess>y1 )\t expos+ ! t5d] foliage ( plants :i* h be5 submitt$ to an artificially elevat$ temp]ature1 to ! *ill+ influ5ce ( cold air1 :i* is admitt$ :5ev] ! sa%es ( an ord9>y frame or ( a pit1 are op5$1 9 ord] to be/[ ^! necess>y att5tions4 ,x may be urg$ t a dung b$ has /ill ! advantage1 on ! gr\nd ( economy2 b :5 a fair calculation is made ( lab\r & loss or anxiety on ! "o h&1 & ( duration on ! o!r1 su* an assumption1 w be q unt5able4 ,neatness1 conv5i5ce1 c]ta9ty1 & economy1 are ! pr9cipal po9ts ( advantage :i* are ga9$ by ! adoption ( pits heat$ by means ( hot wat]1 ov] ^? ( a /ructure1 dep5d+ = its supply ( heat1 on ! aid ( f]m5t+ masses2 :il/ ! atta9m5t ( a /ill great] degree bo? ( conv5i5ce1 & ( c]ta9ty1 :i* may be secur$ by cultivation 9 =c+ h\ses1 po9t out at once ! advantages :i* r5d] su* h\ses1 pref]able to pits4 ,! application ( ! gutt] sy/em ( heat+1 0 n long s9ce ?\ght to be an improvem5t ( great importance1 & !re c be no "q b t x af=ds a means ( regulat+ ! moi/ure ( ! atmosph]e ( ho?\ses1 9 conjunction ) ! temp]ature1 :i* prior to its introduction _h n be5 atta9$2 & z su*1 x is wor?y ( ext5sive adoption3 x requires h[ev] "s judgem5t 9 its adaptation to p>ticul> /ructures1 & to r5d]1 x suitable1 to effect any p>ticul> object = :i* x may be employ$4 ,! tank sy/em z a means ( apply+ bottom heat1 employ$ ei!r 9 conjunction ) ! gutt]s1 or ) ord9>y pip+1 to supply heat to ! atmosph]e1 is ! mo/ important advance :i* has hi!rto be5 made t[>ds supply+ ! wants ( ^? plants1 :i* require su* peculi> aid2 & ) ref]5ce to ! ,cucumb]1 x may be reg>d$ z furni%+ a new era 9 its cultivation4 ,! importance ( bottom heat 9 ! culture ( t5d] plants1 has always be5 well kn[n by its practical effects4 ,! mean temp]ature ( ! soil1 at a slight di/ance bel[ ! surface1 is univ]sally above t ( ! sup]9cumb5t air2 & consequ5tly "s degree ( bottom heat is always suppli$ to plants1 9 a /ate ( nature4 ,naturally1 by means ( subt]rane\s heat1 & also by ! absorption ( ! sun's rays dur+ ! "t !y are =cibly direct$ t[>ds ! e>?1 x possesses ! means :]eby any mat]ial degree ( cold at ! roots ( plants is prev5t$2 & :5 ! soil is act$ on by ! unveil$ sun ( an ea/]n sky1 we _c b feel c]ta91 t ev5 a consid]able am\nt ( heat mu/ be exp]i5c$3 h5ce arises ! importance ( tak+ advantage ( e ray ( sun :i* our climate af=ds1 :5 ! culture ( ! ,cucumb]1 or ( any native ( w>m] latitudes1 is attempt$ out ( doors 9 ?is c\ntry2 & also ( us+ e possibly available means ( increas+ r ?an dim9i%+ ! temp]ature ( ! soil3 & h5ce too1 9 =c+ n only ! ,cucumb]1 b also e o!r plant :i* requires to be submitt$ to a conf9$ atmosph]e1 & an elevat$ temp]ature1 arises ! necessity ( provid+ su* a degree ( w>m? at ! root1 z may t5d to keep its vital p[]s 9 a vigor\s /ate ( action2 x w effect ?is1 by act+ 9 conjunction ) moi/ure1 z a solv5t ( ! food :i* is prim>ily conta9$ 9 ! soil 9 a solid =m1 b c only be tak5 up by ! capill>y action ( ! spongioles ( ! roots1 :5 conv]t$ into a fluid /ate4 ,! sci5ce ( ,*emi/ry has taught u t ! +r$i5ts compos+ ! soil1 act on1 & dissolve1 & comb9e ) ea* o!r 9 v>i\s ways1 sometimes be+ simply dissolv$ & held 9 solution1 & at o!r times1 ent]+ into new comb9ations1 & =m+ new comp\nds2 b 9 all cases1 ! natural ag5ts1 heat & moi/ure1 are necess>y to produce ^! results1 & to pres5t to ! t5d] roots ( plants1 food s duly prep>$1 z to be fit = _! assimilation4 ,w>m? 9 ! soil1 acts b5eficially also1 by prev5t+ ! sudd5 or undue int]ruption ( ! excitability ( plants gr[+ 9 x1 :i* w\ld be likely to result f ! l[]+ ( ! temp]ature ( ! plants by evaporation1 7 x n = ! action ( ! antagoni/ =ce1 exi/+ 9 & ex]cis$ by ! heat$ soil1 :i* heat1 is communicat$ to1 & absorb$ by ! plants4 ,x may be reg>d$ z an e/abli%$ & univ]sal rule1 t all plants require ! soil1 & ! atmosph]e 9 :i* !y are cultivat$1 to correspond ) ! natural circum/ances "u :i* !y fl\ri%2 & z x has be5 repeat$ly asc]ta9$ t ! soil is naturally a degree or two above ! temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e1 we h c]ta9 & un]r+ data = ! application ( bottom heat1 & no m p[]ful evid5ce ?an ?is c be desir$1 to condemn at once ! application ( a v p[]ful degree ( heat1 at ! roots ( plants4 ,! importance ( bottom heat 9 ! culture ( t5d] plants1 be+ a practical fact e/abli%$ beyond "q1 ano!r consid]ation arises z to ! be/ means ( produc+ x1 & ( regulat+ its application4 ,v>i\s sub/ances & mat]ials h be5 submitt$ to a process ( f]m5tation1 & s employ$ to effect x3 /able manure1 tann]'s b>k1 & ! leaves ( trees1 are among ! pr9cipal ( ^! mat]ials1 & ei!r ( !m w supply j :at ! plants require1 z truly z ^! wants c be suppli$ by any o!r means2 b f _! v nature1 !y are viol5t1 & fluctuat+1 & ephem]al 9 _! action1 & sett+ aside ! lab\r :i* ! employm5t ( !m necess>ily involves1 we h 9 ^! p>ticul>s1 ! special po9ts 9 :i* ! tank sy/em ( apply+ bottom heat f> excels !m3 x is uni=m1 & con/ant1 9 its action2 !re ne$ be no appreh5sion ( ! soil becom+ ov]heat$1 = ! s\rce :5ce x d]ives its w>m? ought nev] to boil2 nei!r ne$ !re be any fe> ( its decl9e1 or ( a want ( p[]1 = :5 once ?or\ghly heat$1 a body ( wat] w "p ) x 9 su* a mann]1 t a v little att5tion to ! fire1 & a v little exp5diture ( fuel1 w ma9ta9 its temp]ature = an almo/ incr$ible l5g? ( "t2 & z to p[]1 x nev] %\ld = a mom5t =m a "q1 because a p[]ful degree ( bottom heat ought nev] to be appli$3 a close att5tion = "o or two h\rs dur+ ! tw5ty f\r :i* =m a day1 w ma9ta9 any app>atus 9 an effective /ate ( action1 if x is prop]ly erect$4 ,h[ diff]5t is ?is1 to :at has be5 9 days n[ pa/6 :5 9 rigor\s wea!r1 ) ! heat ( 8 dung b$ decl9+1 ! cultivator knew t at ! p]il ( 8 crop1 he sc>cely d>$ to attempt to revive x1 )\t involv+ a m s]i\s because an accel]at$ evil2 at any rate1 if at an imm5se sacrifice ( lab\r1 8 dung cas+s 7 repl5i%$ piece by piece1 he knew too well1 t (t5 _m days w\ld elapse1 be=e _! action w\ld be effici5t & satisfactory1 unless inde$ an unlimit$ supply ( mat]ials1 7 9 a con/ant /ate ( prep>ation4 ,by means ( ! tank1 a fire c\ld be light$ up1 & ! requir$ effect produc$ 9 z _m h\rs1 z days w\ld h be5 =m]ly requir$4 ,:at has be5 already advanc$1 t5ds to ! conclusion1 t small =c+ h\ses are pref]able1 & 9 ! end m economical ?an pits & dung b$s2 & t ! tank z a means ( supply+ bottom heat1 is pref]able to ! use ( f]m5t+ mat]ials2 because ! results 9 ea* case1 are m p]fectly "u contr\l4 ,:il/ on ?is "p ( ! subject1 ,i may be all[$ to m5tion an error :i* is some:at preval5t3 ,we frequ5tly he> ( ! humid nature ( ! heat giv5 (f by hot wat] pipes1 9 comp>ison ) t d]iv$ f su* appliances1 z a flue2 x is n unfrequ5tly ass]t$1 t ! heat ?us d]iv$ is s moi/1 s g5ial1 s peculi>ly adapt$ to plants3 !re c be no d\bt b t ! heat ?us obta9$ is inf9itely pref]able to t obta9$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( flues1 g5]ally speak+2 b its sup]iority consi/s r 9 its purity1 its fre5ess f noxi\s gasses1 ?an 9 its possess+ a great] degree ( moi/ure4 ,heat--t is--caloric1 is ! same1 :atev] may be ! m$ium by :i* x may be conduct$2 & 9 ! case ( hot wat] pipes1 !y give (f t :i* has be5 conduct$ to !m by ! wat]1 directly f ! fire1 ! wat] act+ z a m]e conductor2 x is difficult to conceive any ?+ m ?or\ghly devoid ( moi/ure ?an ! heat ?us communicat$3 let any "o :o d\bts ?is1 place a damp clo? on a s]ies ( hot wat] pipes :5 9 action1 & ! result w soon "w conviction4 ,) ^! g5]al rem>ks1 ,i w proce$ to describe ! k9d ( /ructure :i* ,i reg>d z be+ peculi>ly adapt$ to ! gr[? ( ,cucumb]s2 & notice "s ( ! conditions :i* x is necess>y to keep 9 view3 ! engrav+ on ! next page1 repres5ts su* a /ructure4 ,! aspect ( ! ,cucumb] h\se1 %\ld be ne>ly ,s4,s4,e2 or 9 o!r words--x %\ld be s regulat$ betwe5 ! po9ts s\? & ea/1 t :il/ ! rays ( ! sun w be admitt$ z fully & z e>ly z possible 9 ! morn+1 !re may be no ob/ruction (f]$ to _! m p[]ful action z t body approa*es ! m]idian4 ,9 ! gr[? ( all t5d] plants1 light & sun heat are requir$ dur+ ! w9t] mon?s z well z 9 summ]1 & !re c be no great] error z reg>ds ! erection ( /ructures devot$ to su* purposes1 ?an to provide = _! admitt+ ! direct rays ( ! sun 9 ! e>li] "p ( ! day1 at ! exp5se ( refract+ & !reby weak5+1 to a great] degree ?an is really unavoidable1 ! p[] ( ! noon-tide rays ( t invigorat+ & life-su/a9+ ag5t3 dur+ ! summ] mon?s1 ?\gh plants !n require bo? light & sun heat1 yet ! case is diff]5t2 ! sun's rays h !n mu* great] p[]1 & x is f\nd t _! influ5ce is suffici5t1 )\t at all times admitt+ !m directly on ! plants gr[+ 9 ^! artificial atmosph]es4 ,illu/ration ,! position ( ! ,cucumb] h\se1 ) ref]5ce to ! gr\nd l9e1 mu/ be det]m9$ by local circum/ances2 if ! situation & sub-soil be dry1 x may be c>ri$ bel[ ! surface 9 ! mann] repres5t$ 9 ! annex$ engrav+1 ( :i* 7a7 is ! gr\nd l9e1 7b7 ! pa?way1 & 7c7 ! l[e/ po9t excavat$3 ! same c\rse may be adopt$ if ! soil1 ?\gh n naturally s dry z ?is1 c be r5d]$ s by ?or\gh dra9age2 b :5 ! gr\nd does n admit ( p]fect dra9age1 ! /ructure mu/ be suffici5tly elevat$ to avoid ! risk ( injury f ! dampness ( ! locality4 ,! angle ( elevation is n1 z x is sometimes ass]t$ to be1 a po9t ( indiff]5ce1 ?\gh ma!matical accuracy is c]ta9ly by no means requir$3 9 ! annex$ engrav+1 ! angle ( ! ro( is ab\t #ee1 ?is provides = ! admission ( ! sun's rays 9 ! w9t] mon?s1 :5 8 position is comp>atively l[ 9 ! horizon1 to a mu* great] ext5t ?an c\ld take place if a m ord9>y slope 7 adopt$4 ,a /ill m elevat$ pit* w\ld d\btless effect ?is object 9 a /ill m p]fect mann]2 b w\ld n be equally applicable to ! requirem5ts f a p]man5t /ructure1 :i* w\ld be want$ = summ] z well z w9t] use4 ,a ref]5ce to ! sket*1 w at once %ew ! g5]al nature ( ! int]nal arrangem5ts4 ,!re %\ld be a tank 7d7 support$ by brick pi]s 7p7 9 :i* a circulation ( heat$ wat] w\ld supply a g5ial w>m? to ! soil above1 & to ! roots ( ! plants gr[+ 9 ! soil2 ?is tank %\ld be heat$ by a small boil]1 conv5i5tly plac$ ) ref]5ce to adjac5t arrangem5ts2 a s]ies ( iron pipes 7e7 atta*$ to ! same boil]1 w\ld supply ! requisite heat to ! atmosph]e4 ,x may p]haps be ?\ght t ! application ( ! gutt] sy/em ( heat+ w\ld 9 ?is case be pref]able2 b z !re w\ld be a p]fect comm& ( moi/ure1 z w be expla9$ fur!r on1 x is desirable to h dry heat also1 "u contr\l1 & ?is c be bett] effect$ by means ( ! pipes ?an by adopt+ ! gutt] plan ( heat+4 ,i _c 9 ?is place =be> prote/+ aga9/ ! limit$ surface ( pip+ g5]ally employ$ 9 heat+ plant /ructures2 :at is ?\ght to be j en\gh to ma9ta9 a giv5 temp]ature1 is usually aft] m9ute calculation1 ! quantity :i* is made use (1 & ! consequ5ce is1 t "u adv]se circum/ances1 ! app>atus is necess>ily work$ at its highe/ pit*2 & ,i believe t ! application ( heat 9 ?is =m1 :e!r x be by means ( an hot wat] app>atus1 or by a common flue1 is mo/ inimical to ! plants submitt$ !reto4 ,! admission ( air1 is a po9t :i* z f> z ,i am aw>e1 has nev] be5 effect$ 9 ! mann] repres5t$ 9 ! sket*3 x w\ld be ?us effect$2--a s]ies ( ap]tures 7f7 %\ld be provid$ at int]vals along ! front wall1 :i* w\ld ext]nally be clos$ by small slid+ %utt]s1 & w\ld communicate int]nally ) a *amb] 7g7 =m$ betwe5 ! front wall & ! side ( ! tank2 ?is *amb] w\ld also communicate1 by a s]ies ( op5+s1 7h7 ) ! int]ior space above ! wat] 9 ! tank1 & f ?is space1 ?r\gh ! cov]+ ( ! tank1 tubes 7m71 also plac$ at int]vals1 w\ld be c>ri$ up ?r\gh ! soil1 close to ! side ( ! wall2 ^! tubes %\ld be furni%$ ) caps or valves1 s z s admit ( ! communication be+ /opp$ at any "t4 ,9 apply+ ?is to ! admission ( air1 we mu/ n loose sight ( a s]ies ( v5tilators1 7i71 plac$ 9 ! back wall ( ! h\se1 :i* are ( precisely ! same nature & con/ruction z ! ap]tures 7f71 already spok5 (4 ,i %all h occasion h]eaft]1 to notice ! admission ( air1 b x w be well 9 ?is place1 to expla9 ! action ( ! plan propos$ = t purpose3 :5 x is judg$ t a *ange ( ! int]nal volume ( air is requisite1 ! v5tilators 7i7 are to be op5$1 :i* admits ( a portion ( ! r>ifi$ air to pass (f2 ! v5tilators 7f7 are also to be op5$1 & by means ( ! action ( ^! v5tilators on ea* o!r1 a portion ( ext]nal air is tak5 92 ?is ent]s ! *amb] 7g71 :i* is w>m$ by its contiguity to ! tank1 & "h becomes p>tially r>ifi$1 & rises to ! top ( ! *amb]2 ! ap]tures 7h7 admit x to ! int]ior ( ! tank1 :]e x becomes n only ?or\ghly w>m$1 b also imbibes a degree ( moi/ure proportionate to ! degree 9 :i* x becomes heat$1 & !nce x ent]s ! h\se by ! tubes or %afts already spok5 (4 ,! advantages ( w>m+ & moi/5+ ! air ?us admitt$1 are v important ones2 = :5 ei!r a cold or dry /ate1 ( ! atmosph]e prevails1 its influ5ce is v injuri\s to plants 9 ^! conf9$ situations3 cold raw air1 :5 x comes 9 contact ) ! t5d] foliage ( ! plants1 has ! effect ( *ill+ ! sap 9 its progress ?r\gh _! tissue1 & ?us less5+ _! excitability1 :5 x %\ld be increas$2 :il/ dry air acts z an incessant dra9 ^u ! vegetable juices1 :i* x ab/racts ?r\gh ! /omates & pores ( ! leaves & /ems4 ,:5 cold air is admitt$ to any position :]e x c unite ) caloric1 & n 9 an equal ratio ) moi/ure1 x necess>ily becomes arid1 & 9 t /ate x eag]ly comb9es ) moi/ure 9 any =m ) :i* x c come 9 contact !re)2 & consequ5tly if cold air is admitt$ to a plant /ructure1 :]e x c h ! means ( comb9+ ) heat1 fa/] ?an ) moi/ure1 x w\ld be br\ght into ?is arid /ate1 & w\ld supply its voraci\s appetite1 by ab/ract+ ! juices ( ! plant4 ,x is a v important "q h[ f> ?is /ate ( ?+s is connect$ ) _m ( ! diseases z !y are call$1 to :i* plants are subject2 = my own "p1 ,i believe x to h a v consid]able influ5ce 9 ! production ( _m ( !m4 ,a %all[ b$ ( soil 7k71 is all t w\ld be requir$2 = 9 ! w9t] season1 !re is no?+ ga9$ by enc\rag+ a v luxuriant & gross /ate ( gr[?3 ! composition ( ?is soil w be notic$ h]eaft]3 b5ea? x1 & re/+ on ! top ( ! tank1 %\ld be plac$ a lay] ( co>se op5 rubble1 n less ?an six in*es 9 ?ickness2 & among ?is rubble by means ( tubes 7n71 plac$ at int]vals along ! b$1 ,i w\ld occasionally p\r consid]able quantities ( wat]1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 a due regulation ( moi/ure 91 & ?r\gh\t ! soil1 among :i* ! vap\r aris+ f ! wat] w\ld ultimately rise4 ,b5ea? ! tank a space 7o71 might be provid$1 :i* w\ld s]ve admirably ei!r = ! cultivation ( ,mu%rooms1 or ! =c+ ( ,rhub>b1 or ,sea ,kale4 ,transv]se p>titions %\ld be introduc$ into ! b$ ( soil1 s z to divide ! roots ( ea* plant f ^? ( its neighb\rs3 ?is arrangem5t w admit ( a complete succession ( plants be+ ma9ta9$1 by ! removal ( ^? :i* h become old & debilitat$1 & ! sub/itution ( "y & vigor\s ones2 & ?is ob/ruction ( ! roots1 w n be injuri\s1 = ! ,cucumb] does n by any means require to be p]mitt$ to ext5d its roots at r&om1 b w readily submit itself to any rational regim51 ) reg>d to ! area f :5ce x is p]mitt$ to extract its food4 ,a portion ( soil suffici5t to support "o or two plants1 c\ld by ?is arrangem5t be r5ew$ z occasion might require1 & ! roots ( ! contigu\s plants w\ld suff] no injury f ! op]ation4 ,! pa?way ( ! h\se1 %\ld be pav$ s z to admit ( its be+ occasionally wa%$ & cleans$4 ,x w be f\nd to be highly economical 9 ref]5ce to ! consumption ( fuel1 to provide ! /ructure ) ! means ( be+ cov]$ at night4 ,%utt]s ( light frame-"w1 cov]$ ) any wat]pro( mat]ial1 w\ld be f\nd to answ] ! purpose admirably2 !y %\ld be elevat$ a few in*es f ! surface ( ! glass1 & !y %\ld be arrang$ s z to conf9e a body ( air1 :i* act+ z a v sl[ conductor ( heat1 w\ld s]ve to prev5t t incessant dra9 ^u ! temp]ature ( ! int]nal atmosph]e1 :i* takes place :5 ! mat]ial employ$ is 9 contact ) ! glass1 z well z :5 cov]+s are altoge!r abs5t4 ,?is w\ld n be ! only advantage1 = z ! cov]+ w\ld to a great ext5t prev5t ! radiation ( heat f ! int]nal atmosph]e1 s w\ld x also prev5t ! necessity ( ! application ( s p[]ful a degree ( fire heat at night2 & ?us ! plants w\ld be p]mitt$ to enjoy t natural season ( repose s ess5tial to _! well be+1 in/ead ( be+ =c$ into gr[? by reason ( a high temp]ature kept up1 solely = ! purpose ( obviat+ ! ext]nal cold4 ,,*ap4 ,,iii4 ,,on ,,! ,,propagation ,,( ,,! ,,cucumb]4 ,cucumb]s are propagat$ by cutt+s1 by lay]s1 & by se$s2 ! two =m] ( ^! me?ods be+ frequ5tly practis$ by ^? :o h conv5i5ces to keep _! plants gr[+ ?r\gh\t ! ye>2 ! latt] be+ adopt$ ei!r ?r\gh *oice or necessity1 by ! majority ( cultivators1 or ^? ^: means w n enable !m1 ev5 if !y desir$ x1 to keep up cont9ually a successional gr[?4 ,propagation by cutt+s has _m advantages to recomm5d x1 especially :5 view$ 9 connection ) ! production ( w9t] fruit4 ,! plants rais$ by ?is mode ( treatm5t1 9 comp>ison ) ^? rais$ f se$s1 are less gross & succul5t 9 _! nature1 & m subdu$ 9 _! mann] ( gr[?2 :e!r x may be t hav+ mature & p]fectly =m$ p>ts1 !y are enabl$ to assimilate _! food m rapidly1 ?an "y & imp]fectly =m$ plants c d2 or :e!r x is ow+ to any diff]5ce 9 ! balance betwe5 ! roots & leaves1 :i* latt] organs1 9 cutt+s1 & ! =m]1 9 se$l+ plants1 may be reg>d$ z pr$om9ant1 does n appe> q evid5t1 probably ! effect dep5ds p>tly on ea* ( ^! suppos$ causes4 ,!y are moreov]1 soon] 9 arriv+ at a fruit-be>+ /ate1 by reason ( a univ]sal natural law1 by :i* ! infloresc5ce & fructification ( a plant becomes m g5]al & p]fect1 9 proportion z ! plant atta9s proximity to its p]fect developem5t2 :i* effect1 is ow+ to ! m p]fect elaboration & prep>ation ( ! mat]ials1 :i* :5 s prep>$1 furni% ! means ( p]fect+ ! organs ( reproduction4 ,= ! same reason1 ! op]ation ( budd+ a portion ( a se$l+ fruit tree1 on a matur$ /em1 is practis$1 9 ord] to accel]ate its fruitfulness2 :i* result g5]ally foll[s1 9 consequ5ce ( ! diff]5ce exi/+ 9 ! nature ( ! food elaborat$ by ! mature plant1 & t deposit$ by "o 9 an infant /ate4 ,?us x is also1 t cutt+s ( fl[]+ plants g5]ally1 are f> soon] 9 arriv+ at a bloom+ /ate1 ?an se$l+ plants ( ! same species3 fl[]s & fruit be+ =m$ only by ! aid ( ! p]fectly elaborat$ sap2 :i* is tak5 up into ! sy/em1 & assimilat$ 9 ! plant1 9 proportion to ! numb] ( heal?y & mature leaves1 9 a full /ate ( action3 dur+ ! y\ng] /ages ( gr[?1 ! crude mat]ial imbib$ f ! soil1 is only p>tially elaborat$1 & 9 ?is /ate1 is only conv]t$ into food suitable & de/9$ to increase ! foliace\s organs2 b :5 ^! latt] are 9 full & vigor\s action1 a supply ( matt]1 n increas$ 9 quantity1 b enri*$ 9 quality1 becomes laid up 9 ! /ore-h\se & /ructure ( ! plants2 & x is by means ( ?is matt]1 aid$ by ! natural ag5ts1 t ! nature ( ! developem5t is *ang$ f be+ simply t ( ! organs ( nutrition1 to t ( ! m p]fect & important organs ( reproduction4 ,besides ! precocity ( plants propagat$ by cutt+s1 !re is also ano!r advantage result+ f ! practice1 & t is ! pres]vation ( p>ticul>ly desirable v>ieties2 ! ,cucumb] is a plant :i* readily admits ( hybridization1 & al?\gh ! result ( ?is is sometimes to give rise to sup]ior v>ieties1 yet if impregnation is p]mitt$ to take place promiscu\sly1 ! bad qualities ( p>ticul> v>ieties1 are z likely to be comb9$ 9 ! succe$+ race1 z ! good & desirable ones3 ?is r5d]s x important t ! fruit :i* are pres]v$ = se$1 %\ld h be5 c>efully wat*$ & protect$ :5 9 blossom1 f ! rea* ( insects2 :i* (t5 effect ! requisite union1 9 consequ5ce ( ! poll5 adh]+ to _! bodies1 & ?us be+ br\ght into contact ) ! /igma4 ,i ne$ sc>cely to say1 t :]e only "o v>iety is gr[n 9 any p>ticul> /ructure1 ! *ances ( admixture are less num]\s4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! op]ation ( propagation by cutt+ is p]=m$1 is v simple3 ! tops ( heal?y gr[+ %oots are tak5 (f1 at ab\t two or ?ree jo9ts 9 l5g?2 !y are !n plant$ 9 deep pots1 :i* are ab\t half fill$ ) light e>?1 su* z decay$ vegetable matt]1 & !n cov]$ by lay+ a piece ( glass on ! top ( ! pot2 a simple & effective protection is ?us =m$1 ! sides ( ! pot act+ z a p>tial %ade1 ! glass admitt+ light suffici5tly abundant to secure ! action ( ! leaves1 & ma9ta9+ a calm & moi/ atmosph]e3 ! pots are to be plung$ 9 a g5tle bottom heat1 & ! cutt+s w soon become root$2 aft] :i* !y may be treat$ z e/abli%$ plants4 ,propagation by lay]s1 is ano!r me?od simil> to ! la/1 ( :i* x is a m]e modification2 & ^? po9ts :i* m>k ! sup]iority ( ! "o1 are equally applicable 9 ! case ( ! o!r4 ,! op]ation may be p]=m$ 9 v>i\s ways3 ?us ! bran*es may be lay]$ at once into ! soil1 :5 ^! are tra9$ close to its surface1 & !y w ?us gr[ on ) r5ew$ vig\r3 :5 requir$ = removal to o!r positions1 !y may be lay]$ into pots ( light soil1 9 do+ :i*1 a conv5i5t bran* may be br\ght d[n1 secur$ firmly at a jo9t to ! soil1 & slightly cov]$ !re)1 :5 x w soon become root$3 ano!r plan1 is1 to susp5d 9 conv5i5t places1 pots hav+ l>ge holes b5ea?2 ?r\gh ^! holes1 ! po9ts ( gr[+ %oots are introduc$1 & ! pots hav+ a little moss 9 ! bottom1 are !n lightly fill$ ) vegetable m\ld3 !y may also be propagat$1 by envelop+ a jo9t ( a gr[+ %oot lightly ) moss2 ! moss %\ld be kept cont9ually moi/1 & roots w soon be emitt$ into x1 & :5 en\gh are produc$1 ! plant may be deta*$4 ,ei!r ( ^! me?ods ( propagation w secure n only heal?y1 b fruitful plants1 9 a %ort space ( "t2 & ?is latt] po9t w be f\nd to be "o ( no small advantage4 ,! pr9cipal objection :i* may be urg$ aga9/ _! adoption1 is t !y necess>ily involve a process ( transplantation1 :i* "u any circum/ances1 & h[ev] c>efully p]=m$1 mu/ be reg>d$ z an evil r ?an o!rwise4 ,x may be ?\ght t ! *eck aris+ f transplantation may d good1 by prev5t+ too great luxuriance ( gr[?1 & !reby t5d+ to accel]ate fruitfulness2 b ev5 if ?is result may be app>5tly produc$ by su* means1 x is surely f> m natural to *eck ! plants1 by )hold+ a portion ( food1 r ?an by mutilat+ ! organs by :i* _! food is convey$ to !m1 & !n actually plac+ !m 9 a position :]e food is /ill m abundantly suppli$ ?an be=e4 ,x is v que/ionable h[ev]1 h[ f> :at is call$ a *eck is ju/ifiable z a means ( induc+ fructification2 = if fructification be ! mo/ p]fect /ate at :i* a plant c arrive1 !re does n seem to be mu* rationality 9 adopt+ any su* means z a *eck 9 br++ ab\t ?is p]fection ( developem5t4 ,a *eck appli$ z a means ( accel]at+ maturity1 c only be reg>d$ z an exp$i5t1 r5d]$ necess>y by previ\s defective treatm5t4 ,! mo/ commonly practis$ z well z ! mo/ natural me?od ( propagation1 is by se$s1 & ?is w g5]ally be f\nd to be also ! be/ me?od1 if ! conditions requir$ by its adoption c be prop]ly c>ri$ out4 ,!re is h[ev]1 "o decid$ disadvantage att5dant on ! rais+ ( ,cucumb] plants int5d$ = w9t] =c+ f se$s2 & h5ce 9 a great measure arises ! app>5t sup]iority ( propagat+ by ext5sion3 ! disadvantage consi/s 9 ! exce$+ly succul5t & lax nature ( ! tissue ( ! "y plants2 ow+ to t natural pr9ciple1 by :i* _! increase & ext5sion is mo/ especially provid$ = dur+ ! infant /ages ( _! exi/5ce3 ! result is1 t 9 consequ5ce ( ! defici5cy ( light & sol> heat1 :i* are ! gr& ag5ts ( vegetable fructification1 _! sap does n become suffici5tly elaborat$1 nor _! tissue r5d]$ suffici5tly solid by assimilation & deposition ( matt]1 to br+ ab\t ! developem5t ( floral p>ts2 ! food & moi/ure imbib$1 in/ead ( be+ sublimat$ & fully elaborat$1 is only p>tially act$ on by ! vital & natural ag5ts1 & ! result is an increase ( gr[?1 b n a developem5t ( fruit-be>+ p>ts4 ,!re is nev]!less1 an advantage 9 rais+ plants f se$s1 n only z reg>ds ! obta9+ ( improv$ races1 b also 9 a cultural po9t ( view4 ,! sci5ce ( ,horticulture1 does ackn[l$ge su* a ?+ z progression1 9 ! developem5t ( plants2 ! functions ( nutrition necess>ily g on prior to ^? ( reproduction or fructification1 ! latt] be+ cont9ually dep5dant on1 z well z be+ ! result ( ! =m]3 h5ce we arrive at a conclusion1 t to supply un9t]rupt$ly1 ,,all ! elem5ts :i* adm9i/] to ! nutrition ( a plant1 is ! mo/ rational means ( induc+ a /ate ( fruitfulness4 ,?is may at fir/ sight be que/ion$2 cases may readily en\gh be quot$1 9 :i* food has be5 b\ntifully suppli$1 & ! plants h gr[n amaz+ly1 b n fruit$2 if h[ev]1 food _h be5 ?us suppli$1 9 connexion ) a due %>e ( light1 & an excess ( heat _h be5 avoid$1 we h natural evid5ce to prove unque/ionably t fructification w\ld h foll[$4 ,an abundance ( food1 a high temp]ature1 & a defici5cy ( light1 are j ! conditions :i* are oppos$ to ! developem5t ( ! floral organs 9 plants1 & are inductive ( m]e b>r5 ext5sion3 n t plants gr[ ?us1 because !y delight 9 su* a /ate ( ?+s1 b because !y are !reby unnaturally excit$ & compell$ to d s1 al?\gh t gr[? _c "u su* circum/ances1 become prop]ly matur$2 & h5ce arises ! impossibility ( _! produc+ blossoms4 ,! advantage ( rais+ plants ( ,cucumb]s f se$s1 consi/s 9 ! facility ?us af=d$ ( altoge!r avoid+ transplantation3 ! roots ( ,cucumb]s are ( a v t5d] nature1 & h[ev] c>efully !y may be transplant$1 !y are liable to su/a9 injury 9 ! removal3 by hav+ rec\rse to deposit+ ! se$s at once 9 ! soil :]e !y are int5d$ to gr[1 ?is is entirely obviat$1 & !re c be no possible reason :y ! conditions necess>y to g]m9ation %\ld n be z fully suppli$ 9 a hillock ( soil1 z :5 a portion ( ! soil is plac$ )9 a g>d5 pot2 ?is vessel c c]ta9ly h no influ5ce 9 produc+ m p]fect or heal?y g]m9ation1 :il/ ! mutilation ( ev5 ! mo/ c>eful act ( transplantation1 may t5d to *eck ! future developem5t ( ! plant4 ,x may be1 h[ev]1 t circum/ances prev5t ! s[+ ( ! se$s at once 9 _! ultimate position1 & 9 su* cases1 !y may be s[n s+ly 9 pots p>tly fill$ ) decay$ vegetable m\ld1 plung$ 9 a milk-w>m bottom heat4 ,! temp]ature bo? ( ! soil & atmosph]e dur+ ?is p]iod1 %\ld n be high1 b su* z to p]mit ! plants to pu% gradually =? f _! dormitory1 & assume by a natural process1 ! functions ( active vitality4 ,9 ord] to ma9ta9 !m 9 vig\r ( con/itution1 !y %\ld be expos$ z mu* z possible to light2 & t1 by be+ plac$ ne> ! glass1 s z to receive ! rays z little brok5 & refract$ z possible4 ,wat] %\ld n be appli$ at all1 until vegetation has manife/$ itself1 & aft]w>ds1 b sp>+ly1 :il/ ! plants are "y1 especially 9 prolong$ p]iods ( dull sunless wea!r4 ,plants :i* are ?us rais$1 %\ld be plant$ out z soon z possible1 :5 _! fibres are lea/ num]\s1 z a means ( avoid+ 9 "p1 ! injuries to :i* !y are expos$ 9 transplantation4 ,:5 ! plan ( deposit+ ! se$s 9 ! hillock ( soil is adopt$1 x is necess>y to arrange ! soil s t any subsequ5t additions made to x1 may n h ! effect ( cov]+ too deeply ! roots ( ! plants1 nei!r ( bury+ ! neck ( ! /em b5ea? ! surface2 x %\ld be arrang$ s t ?is latt] may rema9 elevat$ above ! surr\nd+ soil on ! top ( a slight m\nd1 aft] ! :ole ( ! soil is adju/$ = ! roots4 ,i h already m5tion$ t ! dep? ( soil ought n to be at all consid]able1 b r %all[ ?an o!rwise1 s z to expose ! roots z f> z possible to ! influ5ce ( ! sun4 ,x w h be5 se5 t ! plan ( rais+ "y plants f se$s1 has bo? its advantages & its disadvantages2 & 9 ord] to avoid ! latt]1 & secure "s ( ! =m]1 ! se$s %\ld be s[n e>ly 9 ! autumn1 :il/ !re is a suffici5cy ( heat & light1 to mature ! gr[? !y make previ\s to ! dull *e]less days :i* m>k ! ne> approa*1 & at l5g? ! arrival ( w9t]4 ,!y w ?us be endu$ ) ! /am9a necess>y to su/a9 !m1 ?r\gh t try+ p]iod1 & ?\gh n )\t difficulty1 yet ) comp>ative c]ta9ty1 to rew>d ! well-direct$ zeal ( ! cultivator4 ,x is impossible to give any v m9ute directions z to ! "t ( p]=m+ ^! op]ations ( propagation1 = l all o!r g>d5+ op]ations1 x is n at all requisite t !y %\ld be done on any p>ticul> day1 nor ought !y to be done except :5 natural conditions are fav\rable to success3 f t5 to twelve weeks g5]ally elapse betwe5 ! "t ( s[+ ! se$s & ! production ( fruit1 accord+ z ! season may be fav\rable or o!rwise4 ,! num]\s hybrid v>ieties :i* are 9 cultivation1 r5d] x a matt] ( "s importance to make *oice ( ^? mo/ suitable to ! purpose2 ^! are h[ev] s cont9ually *ang+1 t x is useless to attempt a record ( !m4 ,! ,sion h\se ,cucumb] is p]haps ! be/ ( all suit$ = cultivation 9 ! w9t] season4 ,! pr9cipal features :i* are requir$ 9 ,cucumb]s = w9t] =c+1 are1 precocity2 compactness ( gr[?1 r ?an luxuriance2 prolificacy1 r ?an extreme l5g? ( fruit2 & h>d9ess ( con/itution3 ^!1 are to ! g>d5] f> m important po9ts1 ?an ^? :i* entitle !m to rank z prize v>ieties4 ,,*ap4 ,,iv4 ,,on ,,! ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,! ,,mature ,,plants4 ,f ! "t t ! plants become e/abli%$1 :i* is ! p]iod ( _! exi/5ce n[ ab\t to be consid]$1 !y require to h ! elem5ts ( vegetable gr[? duly suppli$ to !m1 9 ord] to secure _! successful developem5t4 ,x is n en\gh to plant !m 9 prop] soil1 & duly to wat] !m1 unless att5tion is also paid to ! temp]ature1 z well z ! con/itu5ts ( ! atmosph]e to :i* !y are submitt$2 nei!r w att5tion to ^! latt] po9ts be suffici5t to ensure success1 if at ! same "t1 ! =m] are neglect$4 ,a soil ( suitable *emical1 z well z me*anical composition1 a pure & :olesome atmosph]e1 wat] promptly & prop]ly appli$1 & heat duly regulat$1 are conditions :i* equally require m9ute c>e & att5tion 9 _! adaptation2 & ^! be+ appli$ ^u ! compreh5sive1 & p]fectly h>moni\s pr9ciples ( nature1 w leave b little to be done 9 ! %ape ( exp$i5ts1 :i* are too frequ5tly resort$ to1 z ! means ( c\nt]balanc+ ei!r defective or unsuitable managem5t4 ,! application ( ^! ag5ts to ! cultivation ( ! plant "u consid]ation1 9 ! w9t] season1 w =m ! subjects ( succe$+ *apt]s4 ,i w "h briefly direct att5tion to ! importance ( light 9 ! gr[? ( plants1 & !n devote "s space to ! consid]ation ( ! subject ( prun+ & tra9+4 ,light is mo/ ess5tial to ! p]fect & heal?y developem5t ( vegetable organization1 ! p]=mance ( ! functions ess5tial to ! heal? ( plants be+ dep5d5t on its ag5cy4 ,x _c inde$ be assum$ t plants w n cont9ue to gr[1 unless !y are suppli$ ) an int5se degree ( light2 b x is c]ta9 t ! successful nature ( _! gr[?1 _! maturation1 & _! fructification1 are dep5d5t 9 no ord9>y degree ^u ! nature & =ce ( its action2 = )\t x1 ! vital en]gies ( animat$ be+s are unable to ma9ta9 & p]=m ! processes ( elaboration1 & assimilation1 ^u :i* _! nutrition dep5ds4 ,! m]e ext5sion ( vegetable tissue1 may inde$ g on1 ?\gh less satisfactorily1 "u ! almo/ total privation ( light1 b ) ! exception ( cryptogamic vegetation1 ! organs ( fructification are n "u ^? circum/ances1 produc$ at all3 ! /em may be =m$1 b does n become solid3 ! leaves may exp&1 b _! condition is imp]fect2 & x is only by means ( ! full & complete action ( ^! organs 9 ! nutrition ( plants1 t ! developem5t ( ! floral p>ts is br\ght ab\t3 ! roots may take up fluids1 & ^! may be convey$ 9 ! natural upw>d *annels1 & !n disp]s$ among ! /ems & ! leaves2 b x is ! action ( sol> light1 aid$ inde$ by ! natural condition ( ! elem5ts supply+ heat & moi/ure1 :i* alone1 by a process ( elaboration1 c conv]t ?is fluid1 once crude & undige/$1 into ! comp\nd organic sub/ances1 su* z lign91 gum1 />*1 glut51 c4 :i* 9 _! turn1 are de/9$ to m9i/] to ! support ( ! organs ( reproduction4 ,gr[?1 t is m]e ext5sion1 may g on 9 proportion z heat & moi/ure are suppli$ to plants1 b light is ! ag5t to ^: especial influ5ce we owe ! production ( _! active prop]ties & secretions1 & ! p]fection ( _! fruit4 ,if !n light is s indisp5sable to ! vegetable frame1 h[ important x is t ! /ructures :i* we devote to ! cultivation ( su* plants z ! ,cucumb]1 :i* are naturally habituat$ to an ea/]n clime1 %\ld be s design$1 z to (f] ! lea/ possible ob/ruction to its entrance3 h[ important1 too1 t ! glass we employ1 :i* 9 its pure/ /ate1 (f]s consid]able ob/ruction1 by refract+ ! rays ( light1 %\ld be z transp>5t & unt>ni%$ z possible1 s z to admit !m z p]fectly z c be practicable2 in/ead ( :i*1 x is too (t5 disfigur$ by an accumulation & deposit ( fil?1 :i*1 to say ! lea/1 mu/ mat]ially dim9i% _! =ce3 h[ important1 moreov]1 t :atev] cov]+s x may be necess>y to employ dur+ ! night to prev5t ! outw>d radiation ( heat1 %\ld be spe$ily remov$ 9 ! morn+1 & kept (f z long z !y safely may be1 9 ord] to p]mit ! inw>d radiation ( light4 ,:5 ^! matt]s are all duly att5d$ to1 our climate1 at lea/ dur+ ! w9t]1 /ill (f]s ob/ruction en\gh to our success1 9 its mi/s1 & fogs1 its long d>k nights1 & dismal cl\dy days1 & !re=e wisdom w\ld tea* u1 to avail ourselves ( all :i* we c grasp1 by a c\rse ( untir+ assiduity1 & att5tion to su* app>5tly trifl+ matt]s z ^!4 ,! prun+ & tra9+ ( ! plants1 are op]ations1 to :i* x w be necess>y to direct att5tion2 & 9 ! p]=mance ( :i*1 ! circum/ances :i* may h any influ5ce ^u !m1 z well z ! object 9 view1 mu/ be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,! plants be+ int5d$ to occupy a surface ( trellis-"w 9 a l9e ne>ly p>allel ) ! glass1 x w be requisite to tra9 _! prim>y %oots to a suffici5t l5g? to rea* f ! soil to ! trellis1 be=e !y are :at is te*nically call$ /opp$2 ?is op]ation1 by remov+ ! c5tral bud1 or axis ( developem5t1 induces ! buds :i* are lat5tly =m$ at ! nodes ( ! bran*es1 to pu% =? & become ! axes ( fur!r ext5sion3 two or ?ree ( ! /ronge/ ( ^! lat]al %oots situat$ t[>ds ! top ( ! /em1 %\ld be reta9$1 & tra9$ on ! trellis 9 a direction t[>ds ! top ( ! h\se2 ^! %oots %\ld be plac$ ab\t #ah in*es f ea* o!r1 & :5 !y h rea*$ ab\t "o-?ird ( ! l5g? ( ! trellis1 !y also %\ld be /opp$1 & ?us sev]al m lat]al %oots w be produc$4 ,! upp]mo/ /rong %oot %\ld 9 ea* case1 be /ill tra9$ 9 ! same upw>d direction1 & ! o!rs mu/ be dispos$ 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t =m 9 ! space betwe5 ! ma9 bran*es3 ^!1 t is ! "y lat]al %oots1 if !y d n %ew a fruit blossom at ! second jo9t or leaf f ! ma9 bran*1 mu/ be /opp$1 & ! "y %oot ?us induc$ to pu% =?1 w 9 all probability h fruit at ! fir/ leaf2 if n1 x mu/ be /opp$ at e leaf z x ext5ds1 until fruit is obs]v$4 ,! upp] portion ( ! bran* aft] hav+ ext5d$ ab\t "o-?ird fur!r up ! ro(1 %\ld be submitt$ to ! same process1 & ?is mu/ be aga9 repeat$ until ! :ole ( ! trellis is cov]$4 ,no ref]5ce has yet be5 made to ! treatm5t ( ^? lat]al bran*es :]e ! "y fruit are p]ceiv$3 ^! %\ld be p]mitt$ to gr[ until ! blossoms h exp&$2 & !n1 aft] ?is1 !y %\ld be /opp$ at ! leaf next beyond ! fruit blossoms4 ,by p]mitt+ !m to gr[ until ! fl[]s h exp&$1 ! attraction ( ! gr[+ bran* w cont9ue to draw up a regul> supply ( nutrim5t1 "p ( :i* w be devot$ 9 its c\rse1 to assi/ ! developem5t ( ! blossoms2 & besides ! advantage ( ! gr[+ po9t act+ ?us z a suck] to draw onw>ds ! vital juices t[>ds ! "y fruit1 x w act also z an outlet1 to dra9 (f :at w\ld o!rwise be sup]abundant & dang]\s to ^! t5d] organs ( reproduction4 ,aft] ! fl[]s h exp&$1 ?is dang] does n exi/ to s great an ext5t1 ! infant fruit h new & important functions to p]=m1 :i* are peculi>ly _! own2 & ^! call = a great] supply f ! nutritive organs ( ! plant3 ! /opp+ ( ! bran* !re=e1 is ! means ( ?r[+ 9 ?is increas$ supply ( food2 b ^? :o c mo/ fully appreciate ! delicacy ( ! functions p]=m$ by ! plant at ?is /age ( its developem5t1 w mo/ fully value ! sugge/ion n to /op back ! gr[+ bran* all at once1 b to d x by successional1 ?\gh n di/ant op]ations4 ,! leaf :i* is direct$ to be left above1 or beyond ea* fruit1 w s]ve1 bo? z a res]voir1 to receive all ! sup]abundant food1 :i* may ei!r be induc$ or impell$ upw>ds2 & also1 z a lab>atory :]e ?is food w become purifi$ & *ang$ by its exposure to atmosph]ic influ5ce1 among/ ! lax tissue2 & :5ce1 an appo9t$ portion w be return$1 & devot$ by a process ( assimilation1 to aid 9 ! ext5sion ( ! plants4 ,?is sy/em ( prun+1 ) ref]5ce bo? to ! b>r5 & ! fruitful bran*es1 mu/ be cont9u$1 :il/ ^! cont9ue 9 a vigor\s & heal?y condition2 b :5 any symptoms ( decay or ( exp5d$ p[]s1 are p]ceiv$1 !y %\ld be prun$ q away1 & "y ones enc\rag$ 9 _! /ead4 ,all ! prun+ :i* has be5 spok5 (1 except ! occasional removal ( a ma9 %oot1 %\ld be done at a suffici5tly e>ly p]iod ( gr[?1 to admit ( be+ effect$ by means ( ! ?umb-nail2 = l all o!r plants1 ,cucumb]s are mu* be/ treat$1 :5 :atev] prun+ !y may require1 is done at t /age ( gr[?1 :5 ! lea/ am\nt ( tr\ble & lab\r is requir$ to p]=m x4 ,prun+ is n "u any circum/ances a natural process1 & :5 we h rec\rse to x 9 artificial cultivation1 x is only an exp$i5t1 :i* is r5d]$ necess>y by ! limit$ space1 )9 :i* x becomes necess>y to conf9e ! ext5sion ( ! plants2 & s9ce ?is is ! case1 x is f> bett] to remove a portion ( any plant1 at an e>ly p]iod ( its gr[?1 & ?us to economize its vital en]gies1 r ?an to suff] !m to be exp5d$1 & ! supply to become exhau/$ ?r\gh a sup]flu\s developem5t1 & !n to deprive x ( ^? v organs1 by ! action ( :i*1 ! exp5diture w\ld be aga9 recomp5s$ to ! vital en]gies4 ,,*ap4 ,v4 ,,on ,,! ,,nature1 ,,& ,,composition ,,( ,,! ,,soil4 ,plants absorb fluids ?r\gh ! extremities or spongioles ( ! roots1 & x is ?us t ^? portions ( ! sub/ances :i* s]ve !m z _! food1 & are d]iv$ f ! soil1 are c>ri$ into _! sy/em1 9 a /ate ( solution3 ^! spongioles are n /rictly to be reg>d$ z analog\s to ! m\?s ( animals1 = !y are n provid$ ) op5+s1 & _c imbibe ev5 ! mo/ impalpable p[d]s2 _! action seems to be m analog\s to t ( ! lacteals 9 animals1 = ^!1 z well z spongioles1 s]ve to convey fluids only4 ,^! consid]ations r5d] x necess>y1 t 9 ! composition ( soil = ! gr[? ( plants1 ! foll[+ important po9ts %\ld be held 9 consid]ation2--x %\ld conta9 a suffici5t ratio ( organizable matt]1 t is ( sub/ances :i* c be r5d]$ available z food to ! plants2 x %\ld readily absorb fluids1 s9ce x is only :5 9 a /ate ( solution1 t food c ent] into ! /ructure ( ! plants2 x %\ld be suffici5tly ret5tive to avoid ! risk ( injury by reason ( ! evaporation1 :i* takes place to a v great ext5t1 :5 too great an abundance ( silica is pres5t1 or :5 m ?an a due degree ( porosity exi/s 9 its me*anical texture2 & x %\ld be suffici5tly p]meable1 to prev5t any ?+ l excess ( moi/ure1 by /agnation4 ,soils compos$ ei!r pr9cipally1 or almo/ entirely ( hea? soil1 or ( vegetable m\ld1 al?\gh v highly recomm5d$ = ! gr[? ( ! ,cucumb] 9 w9t]1 are nev]!less objectionable :5 appli$ alone1 z w be evid5t if ! =ego+ pr9ciples are tak5 into view3 x _c h[ev] be assum$ t ! plants w n gr[ 9 ^! soils1 = !y gr[ vigor\sly = a p]iod2 nei!r c x be ass]t$ t su* soils d n conta9 ! qualities :i* are necess>y to adm9i/] to ! nutrition ( plants1 = x is sc>cely possible to conceive any sub/ances :i* are m nutriti\s1 or ^: application 9 ?is respect is m effectual2 b !y are objectionable1 9 consequ5ce ( _! becom+ soon exp5d$1 & fail+ to ma9ta9 = any l5g? ( "t1 an equable degree ( moi/ure4 ,! cause :i* t5ds to produce ?is effect1 is ! porosity1 or ! want ( me*anical comb9ation 9 ! texture ( ! soil2 :i* be+ highly fav\rable to evaporation1 is liable to r5d] x spe$ily1 & v mat]ially dry1 :5 expos$ to ! influ5ce ( p[]ful sol> heat3 ! frequ5t application ( wat]1 does n entirely obviate ! objection1 = ev5 :5 s appli$1 x soon becomes aga9 evaporat$1 & ?us t5ds to det]iorate ! soil1 & decrease its f]tility2 ?is x does1 by tak+ up mu* ( ! soluble matt] conta9$ 9 x1 & convey+ x by evaporation into ! atmosph]e1 in/ead ( its be+ tak5 up by ! roots :il/ 9 a fluid /ate1 & appli$ to ! plant z a means ( nutrition3 :5 x is ?us convey$ to ! atmosph]e1 ! leaves ?\gh !y are enabl$ to take up a portion ( _! food f !nce1 are /ill incapacitat$ to d s fully1 & h5ce1 mu* ( ! f]tiliz+ prop]ties ( ! soil1 is c>ri$ (f by ! fir/ curr5t ( air :i* passes ?r\gh ! /ructure2 & ! plants decl9e by reason ( />vation1 ?\gh !y _h be5 seat$ 9 ! mid/ ( pl5ty4 ,! soil :i* ,i %\ld recomm5d = ! gr[? ( ! ,cucumb]1 w\ld be compos$ ( +r$i5ts1 capable ( supply+ a suffici5t portion ( vegetable food2 ( reta9+ a due portion ( moi/ure1 :5 plac$ "u p[]ful evaporation2 & ( secur+ ! free passage ( wat] ?r\gh its mass3 ! =m] ( ^! conditions w\ld be secur$1 by ! use ( m\ld f ! decay+ leaves ( trees1 9 ! proportion ( ab\t ?ree-eigh?s2 ! latt] w\ld be ensur$1 by employ+ ab\t "o-f\r? "p ( turfy hea? m\ld1 & "o-eigh? "p ( clean co>se s&2 & ! rema9+ quality1 w\ld result by comb9+ ^! +r$i5ts ) "o-f\r? "p ( good turfy loam4 ,! prep>ation ( ?is soil %\ld take place 9 ! dry wea!r ( ! summ] mon?s1 j previ\s to its be+ us$1 s t x c be frequ5tly turn$ & mix$1 )\t incurr+ ! dang] ( r$uc+ x to an adhesive consi/5cy1 :i* w\ld at once r5d] x ung5ial = ! roots ( plants3 ! turfy portions bo? ( ! loam & hea? soil %\ld be pil$ up rev]sely1 until ! h]bage & roots ( ! grass1 become p>tially decay$2 :5 requir$ = use1 x %\ld be *opp$ into pieces ( f two to f\r in*es squ>e1 by ! spade1 & !n add+ ! o!r +r$i5ts 9 a r\gh /ate1 ! :ole %\ld be well mix$1 )\t sift+1 or any o!r me*anical op]ation :i* w\ld h ! effect ( de/roy+ its op5 texture4 ,x %\ld always be prev5t$ f becom+ saturat$ ) wat]2 & moreov]1 %\ld nev] be appli$ to ! roots ( plants :i* are gr[+ 9 a w>m m$ium1 )\t hav+ be5 previ\sly submitt$ to a high temp]ature1 = a suffici5t l5g? ( "t1 to h absorb$ at lea/ an equal degree ( heat1 ) t 9 :i* ! plants might be already gr[+4 ,! admixture ( *>coal ) ! soil1 is said to be a means ( add+ to its nutritive qualities4 ,*>coal1 :i* is ne>ly pure c>bon1 may be suppos$ cont9ually to give (f a portion ( ?is gase\s sub/ance dur+ its decomposition1 & ?is unit+ ) a portion ( ! oxyg5 conta9$ 9 ! air1 w\ld furni% a supply ( c>bonic acid gas1 to ! atmosph]e imm$iately ab\t ! plants4 ,x %\ld h[ev] be borne 9 m9d1 t *>coal1 is a sub/ance ^: decomposition except "u ! influ5ce ( heat1 proce$s v sl[ly inde$1 & !re=e its *emical influ5ce mu/ n be ov]rat$3 d\btless h[ev]1 ! small portion :i* does comb9e ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 is directly b5eficial to ! plants2 = x is a function ( ! vegetable k+dom by ! action ( _! leaves1 :5 "u ! influ5ce ( light1 to decompose c>bonic acid1 ! oxyg5 ( :i* is lib]at$1 & ! c>bon fix$ 9 ! liv+ tissue4 ,x is !re=e probable t a supply ( c>bonic acid1 artificially ma9ta9$ ab\t ! leaves & /ems ( plants1 may be b5eficial to !m1 by furni%+ !m directly ) a portion ( c>bon1 :i* !y _c absorb 9 a sep]ate /ate4 ,:5 ! *>coal is made f twigs1 & ! small bran*es ( trees1 its decomposition is (t5 m rapid1 ?an :5 x is obta9$ by ! usual c\rse ( manufact]+ x3 if ! latt] k9d ( *>coal is employ$1 x %\ld be brok5 into pieces ( a small size2 & 9 ord9>y cases1 x %\ld n be us$ 9 l>g] proportion ?an ) ab\t twice its bulk ( soil1 ) :i* x %\ld be intimately bl5d$4 ,besides its *emical action1 :i* is probably b5eficial1 *>coal has a decid$ly advantage\s me*anical action 9 ! composition ( soils1 & ?is is ( a tw(old nature3--fir/1 9 common ) any simil> mat]ials1 x r5d]s ! soil op51 & ?us effectually fav\rs ! free passage ( wat] ?r\gh its mass3 secondly1 x s]ves z a p]petual res]voir ( moi/ure 9 ! soil1 = 9 consequ5ce ( its be+ extremely por\s1 x imbibes a great quantity ( wat]1 by its =ce ( attraction1 & ?is x p>ts ) sl[ly to ! soil2 9 ?is way1 !re is no d\bt t its action is mo/ salut>y4 ,probably a few pieces ( *>coal plac$ p]p5dicul>ly 9 ! soil1 & kept cont9ually wet1 by ! action ( "s little capill>y contrivance1 w\ld s]ve z ! be/ possible means ( conduct+ moi/ure1 & di/ribut+ x to ! roots ( plants4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! application ( dung1 9 any way :atev]1 has n be5 recomm5d$2 nei!r d ,i consid] x to be at all requisite1 or desirable1 9 ! culture ( w9t] ,cucumb]s3 luxuriance is n a consummation :i* x is at all desirable to atta9 to1 a mod]ate1 well matur$ gr[?1 be+ f> pref]able2 & z "s c>e is suppos$ to be us$ to provide suitable soil1 x %\ld be ( su* a nature z to possess ! prop]ties1 :i* are requisite to effect ! desir$ end4 ,dung conta9+ z x does f]tiliz+ prop]ties1 may d well to r5ew ! f]tility ( exhau/$ soils1 :i* may h be5 "u a long c\rse ( cultivation2 b x is que/ionable1 :e!r x ought to be admissable to any ext5t 9 pot culture1 or 9 ! gr[? ( =c$ plants1 9 pref]5ce to a supply ( :olesome unexhau/$ natural soil4 ,a v great objection to ! use ( dung :5 appli$ 9 a solid /ate 9 ! composition ( soils1 consi/s1 9 its be+ pres5t$ to ! roots ( plants1 n only 9 ! advanc$ p]iods ( _! exi/5ce1 b equally s1 dur+ ! e>ly /ages ( _! gr[?2 "h mu/ be an error1 = infants1 :e!r !y belong to ! animal or vegetable k+dom1 are c]ta9ly n capacitat$ to appropriate ! same k9d ( food1 9 ! same proportion1 z adults4 ,if only a small portion ( soil is at fir/ employ$1 & portions m & m enri*$1 are f "t to "t add$1 z ! roots may ext5d1 we are /ill liable to /umble on an objection1 almo/ z important1 ?\gh ( a some:at diff]5t nature2 = we c 9 t case sc>cely fail to injure ! spongioles ( ! roots 9 a great] or less degree1 & ! injury ?us su/a9$1 w consequ5tly act z a *eck 9 ! progress ( _! developem5t4 ,^! consid]ations seem at once to m>k ! propriety ( apply+ liquid manures 9 highly artificial cultivation2 !y c be suppli$ 9 ?is /ate1 :5 ! plants are 9 su* a mature & advanc$ /ate ( gr[?1 z f "t to "t to require _! aid2 & _! f]tiliz+ prop]ties be+ held 9 solution by ! fluid m$ium 9 :i* !y are convey$1 !y are j 9 ! condition to be tak5 up at once by ! rootlets4 ,x mu/ /ill h[ev] be recollect$1 t :il/ ev5 impalpable p[d]s _c z su* be made to m9i/] to ! nutrition ( plants1 s nei!r c gross liquids effect ?is purpose3 x is cle> limpid fluids1 only1 :i* c be receiv$ by ! delicate spongioles1 & !re=e ! s-call$ manure wat]1 :5 appli$ ( ! consi/5cy ( mud1 is n only 9 an unfit /ate to effect its purpose1 except by ! addition ( a m b\ntiful supply ( pure liquid1 b x is also liable to act injuri\sly by reason ( ! conc5tration ( ! /r5g? or p[]ful qualities ( ! manure1 & by c\nt]act+ ! op5 texture ( ! soil4 ,manure wat]1 !re=e1 f :atev] s\rce x may be d]iv$1 ?\gh n necess>ily a col\rless1 %\ld )\t "q1 be a limpid fluid2 if o!rwise appli$1 x w at once de/roy "o ( ! be/ qualities a soil c possess1 viz4 porosity4 ,,*ap4 ,,vi4 ,,on ,,! ,,application ,,( ,,moi/ure4 ,f :at has be5 /at$ 9 ! prece$+ *apt]1 x w be suffici5tly evid5t1 t a supply ( wat] is requir$ z a compon5t ( ! soil1 9 :i* all plants are gr[n1 9 ord] to enable !m to draw f x1 o!r compon5ts1 :i* =m _! food2 & t1 z x is necess>y = !m cont9ually to take up a portion ( ?is food1 s is x necess>y1 t moi/ure %\ld be cont9ually pres5t1 9 ord] to r5d] x available by !m4 ,among o!r conditions to :i* ! op]ation ( apply+ wat] to ! soil %\ld be subject$1 !re are "s :i* are specially important3 x %\ld nev] be ei!r appli$ 9 excess1 or unduly )held2 nor %\ld x ev] be appli$ :5 ( a temp]ature bel[ t ( ! atmosph]e 9 :i* ! plants to ^: roots x is appli$1 are gr[+ at ! "t ( its application4 ,!re is a liability ( apply+ wat] 9 excess1 :5 ! p>ticul> /age ( gr[?1 ! peculi> /ate ( ! wea!r1 or ! season ( ! ye>1 are n duly reg>d$3 ?us1 an adult plant w consume m wat] ?an an infant plant2 & any plant1 w decompose a l>g] quantity ( wat]1 9 sunny wea!r1 :5 evaporation is go+ on briskly1 ?an 9 cl\dy wea!r1 :5 x is sc>cely p]ceptible2 aga91 9 ! summ] season1 a mu* l>g] quantity w be appropriat$1 ?an 9 ! w9t]4 ,wat] has be5 appli$ 9 excess1 :5ev] ! soil becomes sodd5$ or saturat$ !re)2 b great z ?is evil is1 x is equall$ 9 its injuri\s effects1 by fall+ into ! opposite extreme1 & )hold+ a quantity suffici5t to r5d] ! con/itu5ts ( ! soil1 available z food to ! roots ( plants plac$ 9 x4 ,! necessity ( apply+ wat]1 ( a temp]ature equal to t ( ! soil1 is r5d]$ evid5t by a ref]5ce to ! natural conditions by :i* ! soil is wat]$4 ,9 a small & ne>ly globul> =m1 ! wat] ga!r$ up by ! action ( ! sun1 & =m+ ! cl\ds above u1 is precipitat$ ?r\gh ! atmosph]e1 & !re its temp]ature becomes equaliz$ or assimilat$ ) t ( ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* x has be5 pass+2 & al?\gh 9 our own latitude1 we p]haps fail to discov] any mat]ial degree ( w>m? 9 ! drops ( ra9 z !y fall1 yet 9 ea/]n climes1 we _c b imag9e1 t aft] hav+ be5 submitt$ 9 ! ?9 /rata ( ! cl\ds to ! action ( ! sun1 !y mu/ previ\sly to ent]+ ! soil1 h imbib$ "s portion ( heat4 ,moreov]1 ! importance ( ma9ta9+ a g5tle bottom heat1 at ! roots ( =c$ plants1 r5d]s x necess>y to avoid any application1 :i* may t5d to lesson its effect1 & submit ! roots to any *ill+ influ5ce4 ,! temp]ature ( ! soil is naturally above t ( ! atmosph]e1 & z ! application ( moi/ure by excit+ evaporation1 has an ab/ract t5d5cy to l[] ! temp]ature1 x %\ld !re=e1 :5 appli$1 be 9 a slight degree w>m$1 s z ?us to increase r ?an dim9i% ! heat conta9$ 9 ! soil4 ,z "s moi/ure 9 ! soil is necess>y to r5d] ! food conta9$ !re91 soluble1 & available to ! spongioles ( ! roots1 s moi/ure 9 ! atmosph]e is ess5tially necess>y to assi/ 9 apply+ ! gase\s elem5ts ( t ela/ic comp\nd fluid1 to ! nutrition ( plants by ! action ( ! leaves3 )\t moi/ure 9 ! atmosph]e1 ! leaves & out] cov]+ ( plants w\ld become dessicat$1 & ! /omatas %rivell$ up & clos$1 s t nei!r ! exhal+ nor ! imbib+ functions ( ! plants c\ld !n be c>ri$ on4 ,! moi/ure ( ! atmosph]e1 !n mu/ n be neglect$2 n only because ! heal?y action ( ! vital organs ( ! plants dep5ds on a prop] hygrometrical /ate ( ! atmosph]e1 b1 inasmu* z x is ! readie/ means bo? ( avoid+1 & :5 unhappily1 !y are pres5t1 ( de/roy+1 _m ( ! mo/ de/ructive & tr\blesome insect enemies1 to ^: depr$ations1 plants are subject4 ,:5 a moi/ atmosph]e is duly & regul>ly ma9ta9$1 !re is b little fe> ne$ be ent]ta9$ ( ! e/abli%m5t ( a colony ( insects--su* z ! ?rip1 & ! r$ spid]1 :i* are p]haps ! greate/ pe/s :i* h to be ov]come 9 ! =c+ h\se2 nor is !re a m effectual me?od ( de/roy+ !m1 ?an by apply+ a high temp]ature 9 conjunction ) an int5se degree ( moi/ure4 ,to ! want ( a balance ( moi/ure 9 ! composition ( ! atmosph]e1 & 9 ! soil1 too1 r ?an z is commonly suppos$1 to an excess ( x 9 ! =m]1 is ! appe>ance call$ mildew to be attribut$2 ?is x occasions by *eck+ ! regul> action ( ! p]spiratory organs1 & !reby induc+ an eruption ( ! cells ( ! tissue3 ! extravasat$ sap lodg+ on ! cuticle1 af=ds a nidus = ! g]m9ation ( ! sporules ( t p>ticul> fungus1 :i* :5 gr[n1 is ! mildew3 ! rem$y consi/s 9 avoid+ an irregul> composition ( ! atmosph]e1 z reg>ds heat & moi/ure2 & also an excess or defici5cy ( moi/ure 9 ! soil1 s t ea* may be 9 a condition to ex]t its prop] influ5ce on ! con/itution & developem5t ( ! plants4 ,cank]1 ano!r disease1 to :i* ,cucumb]s are sometimes subject1 appe>s to be produc$ by too l[ a degree ( temp]ature1 accompani$ by an excess ( moi/ure1 bo? 9 ! soil & ! atmosph]e1 & x g5]ally attacks ^? p>ticul> p>ts1 :]e any *eck or ob/ruction is (f]$ to ! fl[ ( ! sap1 su* z t occasion$ by a w\nd1 or ev5 ! ramifications ( ! /em3 ?is sugge/s t its rem$y1 w\ld consi/ 9 a due regulation & balance ( ! con/itu5ts ( ! atmosph]e1 & ! soil4 ,moi/ure is g5]ally appli$ to ! soil by be+ p\r$ directly on x1 & to ! atmosph]e1 by means ( ! syr+e1 & ! use ( evaporation tr\ghs4 ,:5 appli$ to ! soil only f ! upp] surface1 !re is a liability ( its fail+ ?or\ghly to moi/5 x1 & by reason ( ?is1 toge!r ) ! con/ant action ( ! heat f bel[1 by :atev] means heat may be appli$1 ! soil is frequ5tly f\nd to be dry b5ea?1 :5 ! appe>ance ( ! surface might lead to ! supposition t x 0 suffici5tly moi/5$4 ,by a ref]5ce to ! sket* & description already giv51 x w be se51 t a provision is !re made1 :]eby wat] c be p\r$ 9 quantity b5ea? ! soil1 imm$iately on ! top ( ! tank1 :5ce 9 ! =m ( vap\r x w rise among ! soil1 & ?us r5d] x ?or\ghly moi/2 at ! same "t1 x c be appli$ to ! surface1 :5ev] x may become necess>y to d s4 ,! moi/5+ ( ! atmosph]e w also be fully secur$ by ! mode ( v5tilation :i* is !re propos$1 = ! air1 at ! same "t t x is w>m$1 w become *>g$ ) moi/ure 9 a ratio equal to its temp]ature1 be=e x ent]s ! h\se4 ,if x becomes requisite to admit moi/ure )\t *ang+ ! volume ( air1 x c readily be effect$ by op5+ ! tubes or %afts inside ! h\se1 )\t op5+ ! ext]ior v5tilators2 & :5 dry heat may be requir$1 x c be secur$ by clos+ entirely ! communication ) ?is res]voir ( moi/ure1 & ! hot-wat] pipes w !n radiate any quantity ( dry heat t may be requir$4 ,by means ( a due application ( ^! provisions1 an equable degree ( moi/ure b5ea? & among ! soil1 z well z 9 ! composition ( ! atmosph]e1 c be secur$ ) p]fect ease1 & a trifl+ am\nt ( lab\r4 ,,*ap4 ,,vii4 ,,on ,,! ,,regulation ,,( ,,! ,,temp]ature4 ,if we figure to our m9ds1 a plant :i* 9 its native habitat enjoys a climate f> m g5ial1 & a temp]ature f> m elevat$1 ?an our own c\ntry af=ds1 x mu/ be obvi\s t "s regulation1 & increase ( temp]ature1 ei!r positively1 by ! artificial application ( heat1 or negatively1 by af=d+ %elt] & protection1 w be requir$ 9 ord] to ensure any degree ( success 9 its cultivation4 ,! ,cucumb] is a reput$ native ( ! ,ea/1 & we h !re=e 9 ?is suppos$ fact1 an indication ( ! nature ( ! climate1 :i* x %\ld be our object to provide = x2 b /ill x mu/ be borne 9 m9d1 t 9 conduct+ any sy/em ( artificial cultivation1 x is n at all times desirable1 or ev5 safe1 to supply a resemblance to any "p ( ! natural circum/ances affect+ ! gr[? ( a p>ticul> plant1 unless we h ! means ( supply+ ! great] "p1 or all ! conditions :i* exi/ 9 a /ate ( nature3 ?is ,i %all aga9 h occasion to ref] to4 ,by ano!r /ep we arrive at ! conclusion t ! /&>d ( temp]ature1 to :i* ! ,cucumb] is submitt$ 9 its cultivation 9 ?is c\ntry1 is a po9t1 v>y+ ) ! individual op9ion ( cultivators2 z "s may take a "p ( ! natural conditions ( gr[? z _! rule2 o!rs1 all ^! circum/ances2 & o!rs1 aga91 v>i\s comb9ations ( !m4 ,ref]r+ back aga9 to ! provisions ( nature1 we c sc>cely hesitate to conclude1 t 9 cle> sunny wea!r1 ! temp]ature to :i* ! ,cucumb] is submitt$1 _c )9 reasonable limits1 be p]mitt$ to rise too high2 :il/ at o!r times1 :5 ! wea!r is dull1 or cl\dy1 & always at night1 a mu* l[] degree ( heat ought to be appli$4 ,9 sunny wea!r1 ! natural ag5ts :i* cause excitem5t & activity ( ! vital functions1 are 9 full action2 & consequ5tly at su* p]iods we may rationally indulge 9 ! application ( ^? excit+ ag5ts :i* are "u our contr\l--always h[ev] be>+ 9 m9d1 t we mu/ n unduly apply "o ag5t1 :5 we ei!r _c1 or neglect to apply ! o!rs also4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 dull wea!r1 & at night1 ! s\rce ( light be+ 9 ! "o case abs5t1 9 ! o!r obscur$1 a comp>ative /ate ( le?>gy or repose is preval5t1 & ! natural functions ( vitality are b feeble 9 _! action1 if n 9 "s cases1 absolutely 9 a quiesc5t /ate2 ) su* a /ate ( ?+s exi/+1 x is b>ely rational to apply /imulants1 & to induce unnatural excitem5t4 ,! application ( excit+ & /imulat+ ag5ts at su* p]iods1 may be comp>$ 9 its effects to ! excitem5t ( a frightful dream act+ on ! human frame2 ! vital functions--n ! vitality itself--cease dur+ sleep1 & bo? ! animal & ! vegetable %\ld be at re/2 excitem5t acts on bo? by d]ang+ ! sy/em1 at lea/ = a "t1 & s9ce a succession ( ^! d]angem5ts are kn[n to produce injuri\s results1 we may be c]ta91 t ea* sep]ate in/ance mu/ h an evil t5d5cy4 ,9 apply+ ?is practically1 to ! case be=e u1 x may be recomm5d$1 t ! temp]ature 9 :i* ,cucumb]s are gr[n dur+ w9t]1 %\ld n fall mu* bel[ #fj ,fahr5heit1 at night2 & 9 ! day "t x %\ld n rise above #gj 9 dull wea!r1 by ! aid ( heat artificially appli$2 9 cle> wea!r1 by ! influ5ce ( t glori\s s\rce ( light & heat1 ! sun1 x may be safely all[$ to rise to #hj1 or a little high]1 be=e air is admitt$4 ,a some:at high] range may be p]mitt$1 z ! days l5g!n1 & ! influ5ce ( ! sun becomes m p[]ful2 ?us at night1 x %\ld n rise ov] #fe1 by day #ge to #hj1 & by sun heat to #ij4 ,?us x w be se51 t ,i h recomm5d$ ! regulation ( ! temp]ature ( ! int]nal atmosph]e1 by t :i* is ext]nal2 & x is my firm conviction t inatt5tion to ?is simple rule1 is ! s\rce ( mu* ( ! failure1 :i* is exp]i5c$ by "s ( ^? :o attempt ! gr[? ( plants1 at any o!r ?an t1 :i* may be reg>d$ z _! natural season ( gr[?4 ,x appe>s to me1 mo/ unreasonable1 to aim at atta9+ any p>ticul> po9t ( ! !rmomet]1 m]ely because any p>ticul> season ( ! ye> may be pres5t1 or any p>ticul> /age ( gr[? atta9$4 ,ev5 if 9 ! sunny climes1 f :5ce ! ,cucumb] has be5 transmitt$ to u1 !re exi/s su* an equality ( temp]ature & atmosph]ic s]5ity1 z "s cultivators attempt 9 ! gr[? ( ^! plants2 x surely _c be consi/5t 9 u to equalize & elevate ! temp]ature ( our artificial atmosph]es1 :5 we _c supply !m at ! same "t ) ! same int5sity ( light1 or provide = !m ! same s]5e & uncl\d$ sky4 ,x %\ld r be our object to adapt ! plant to ! climate ( our c\ntry1 s9ce we _c *ange ! climate to supply ! natural circum/ances1 ) :i* ! plant is fav\r$2 & act+ on ?is pr9ciple1 we %\ld nev] aim at supply+ ! ag5ts :i* w\ld induce a premature & !re=e debilitat$ developem5t1 :5 ! :i/l+ w9d1 & ! drift+ sn[1 tell u t ,nature1 w\ld h1 at lea/ ! memb]s ( h] vegetable k+dom1 be at re/4 ,s9ce h[ev]1 x is app>5t t dur+ ! dep? ( ! w9t] season1 at lea/ :5 w9try wea!r is pres5t1 ! progress ( plants 9 an artificially heat$ atmosph]e1 ought n to be rapid1 or unduly =c$2 x by no means foll[s t no progression at all %\ld be made3 ! elem5ts ( gr[? maybe suppli$2 b ! application ( !m %\ld be guid$ by mod]ation1 be+ less5$ at ^? p>ticul> p]iods :5 ! wea!r is lea/ propiti\s1 & increas$ dur+ ^? p]iods :5 x is mo/ fav\rable4 ,9 ! works ( ,nature we may ev] le>n a lesson ( consi/5cy1 = !y are p]fect3 !y tea* u t food is requisite to ma9ta9 ! life ( all ^? objects :i* are end[$ ) x2 t t food mu/ und]go a process bo? ( dige/ion & assimilation1 ere its purpose is fulfill$2 & t ea* ( ^! processes dep5d on ! action ( natural ag5ts4 ,9 ! vegetable k+dom1 heat & fight z d]iv$ f a unit$ s\rce1 are ! ag5ts appo9t$ to br+ ab\t ^! results1 & 9 ord] to ensure _! prop] action1 !y mu/ bo? be pres5t 9 a p[]ful degree3 9 artificial s*emes ( culture1 we c comm& a supply ( ! "o1 b ! o!r is n )9 our p[]2 our consi/5cy !re=e dep5ds on our apply+ s mu* ( ! "o "u our contr\l1 z w secure ! unit$ action ( x1 ) ! exi/+ degree ( ! o!r--consequ5tly1 :5 light is abs5t1 or defici5t1 heat %\ld also be dim9i%$2 & :5 light is pres5t & abundant1 heat may safely be increas$4 ,,*ap4 ,,viii4 ,,on ,,! ,,admission ,,( ,,air4 ,! "q ( ! admission ( air1 is "o ( "s importance4 ,x is an op9ion1 :i* 0 ,i believe fir/ publicly br\ght =w>d by ! late ,mr4 ,knight1 t an influx ( a l>ge volume ( ! ext]nal atmosph]e1 to ! int]ior ( =c+ h\ses1 is by no means requisite1 & is (t5 ! s\rce ( v s]i\s evils4 ,7 x = no o!r reason1 ?an t ( avoid+ ! *ill+ influ5ce ( cold air on ! t5d] tissue ( plants gr[+ 9 a high temp]ature1 ,i %\ld feel incl9$ to support su* a view2 b :5 !re are facts suffici5tly abundant1 to prove1 t plants d n !mselves vitiate ! air ( su* /ructures to an ext5t suffici5t to r5d] x unfit = _! cont9u$ gr[?1 or at lea/1 t a suffici5t int]*ange is con/antly go+ on1 )\t op5+ ! sa%es ( a =c+ h\se1 ! evid5ce appe>s to be ov]:elm+2 & ! necessity ( cont9u+ a practice s fraught ) dang]1 & s frequ5tly att5d$ ) disappo9tm5t1 appe>s to be done away4 ,! injury done to ! t5d] foliage ( plants 9 =c+ h\ses1 by contact ) cold air1 results f ! increas$ capacity ( air = moi/ure1 z x become heat$4 ,:5 cold air is admitt$ to ^! /ructures1 x _c conta9 s great a quantity ( aque\s matt]1 z x is capable ( tak+ up :5 x becomes w>m$3 ?is increase ( temp]ature1 is soon 9 great measure1 suppli$ to x1 b r>ely is a suffici5t quantity ( moi/ure1 at ! same "t )9 its rea*1 to enable x to supply its increas$ capacity = aque\s matt]3 ! consequ5ce is1 t on com+ 9 contact ) ! foilage ( ! plants1 :i* is ( a succul5t nature1 & conta9s a great proportion ( wat]1 ! w>m$ air cont9ues to ab/ract a portion ( moi/ure f ! plants1 until its capacity is satisfi$2 & h5ce ! plants are robb$ ( _! life's blood4 ,besides ?is action1 :i* is ! cause ( s]i\s evil1 ! tissue itself is contract$ & !reby injur$1 by reason ( ! degree ( cold1 :i* is at ! fir/ gu%1 liable to come 9 contact ) ! w>m foliage4 ,^! rem>ks apply to cold air1 :5 admitt$ 9 a l>ge bulk1 by op5+ ! sa%es2 & :5 a draught is produc$1 by op5+ !m1 bo? at ! back & front1 & ! top & bottom ( ! h\se4 ,det]ioration ( ! air1 by ! action ( ! functions ( ! plants1 c\ld n take place1 except 9 h]metically seal$ /ructures3 = by reason ( ! expansibility & ela/icity ( air1 :5 x becomes at all heat$1 x n only ga9s egress1 b also admission ?r\gh ! mo/ m9ute crevices3 t ?is int]*ange is suffici5t to c\nt]act any det]iorat+ influ5ce :i* ! plants might h on ! int]nal air1 ) respect to _! cont9u$ exi/5ce 9 x1 is abundantly prov$ by ! gr[? ( plants 9 ,w>d's cases1 f ! int]ior ( :i* ! ext]nal air is exclud$ z fully z x possibly c be1 )\t _! be+ actually seal$3 if !re=e1 any injuri\s effects result to plants1 f _! be+ cultivat$ 9 a close atmosph]e1 we mu/ seek = ! cause1 9 "s o!r s\rce1 ?an ! plants !mselves4 ,if any noxi\s qualities exi/ 9 ! atmosph]e ( /ructures1 to :i* ! ext]nal air has n free +ress1 !y mu/ result f "s neglect or ignorance on our "p1 9 suff]+ extrane\s & un:olesome matt]s to accumulate 9 su* situations1 & !re to decompose1 & ent] into comb9ation ) ^? gase\s bodies1 :i* =m ! volume ( ! int]nal atmosph]e ( our plant /ructures4 ,! exi/5ce ( su* extrane\s matt]s1 may inde$ be trac$ to v>i\s s\rces2 & !y may be pres5t1 ev5 :5 mu* vigilance is employ$ to prev5t _! accumulation2 & !re=e1 z an inconceivably m9ute quantity1 inappreciable to ! s5ses1 w\ld frequ5tly be suffici5t to effect det]ioration1 x is possible t ^! impurities may (t5 orig9ate 9 s\rces :i* are lea/ ( all suspect$4 ,! decomposition ( organic matt]1 :e!r animal or vegetable1 may frequ5tly be ! s\rce ( injuri\s results 9 ?is respect2 = al?\gh ?is is pr9cipally resolv$ into ^? elem5t>y gases1 :i* appe> to =m ! basis ( all creat$ objects1 yet !re are o!r matt]s lib]at$1 :i* may !n ent] into fre% comb9ations2 & ei!r ?is1 or a disproportionate accumulation1 ev5 ( ^! elem5t>y bodies1 may reasonably give rise to s]i\s appreh5sion1 & dem& ! ex]cise ( discretion1 9 ord] to prev5t !m f becom+ injuri\s4 ,besides ?is1 ^! decompos+ bodies1 af=d j ! v /ate ( ?+s1 :i* appe>s to be requisite to call into exi/5ce1 & developem5t1 a num]\s phalanx ( cryptogamic vegetables3 n t su* matt]s1 c = a mom5t be rationally consid]$ to g5]ate1 ^! cellul>es2 b t !y af=d a suitable pabulum1 & m$ium ( developem5t = ^? millions ^u millions ( sporules1 :i* we may readily conceive to be disp]s$ 9 ! atmosph]e2 & ) :i* x may be teem+1 ?\gh f _! buoyancy & m9ut5ess1 !y may float to u invisibly !re94 ,! admission ( ! ext]nal air1 by ! ord9>y process ( op5+ ! sa%es ( =c+ h\ses1 has be5 said to be unnecess>y1 or at lea/ by no means important1 9 s f> z ! function ( vegetable respiration is conc]n$1 because ! buoyancy ( ! air )9 all su* /ructures1 w\ld enable x to escape 9 suffici5t quantity ?r\gh _! op5+s & crevices1 to c\nt]balance any ?+ l det]ioration1 :i* might by any means result f ! vital action ( ! plant4 ,! admission ( ext]nal air1 is also directly injuri\s to =c$ plants1 dur+ ! w9t] & spr+ mon?s1 :5 a v mat]ial diff]5ce ( temp]ature exi/s betwe5 x1 & ! int]nal volume1 by contract+ ! vessels1 imp$+ ! circulation ( ! juices1 & !reby *eck+ ! regul> c\rse ( ! gr[? ( ! plant4 ,if ^! reasons fail to /amp x z a practice :i* ought n l>gely to be indulg$ 91 x is fur!r objectionable1 z be+ productive ( a prodigal exp5diture ( fuel3 !re c be little d\bt b t g5]ally speak+1 a f> great] quantity ( fuel ?an is requisite1 is exp5d$ 9 ma9ta9+ ! temp]ature ( =c+ h\ses1 solely f ?is cause2 = ! cold air :5 admitt$1 cont9ues to ab/ract a portion ( heat f ! w>m$ air1 until ! temp]ature ( bo? becomes equal1 & consequ5tly an increas$ application ( fuel is requisite1 9 ord] to raise ! newly admitt$ air to ! same temp]ature z t :i* has be5 suff]$ to escape2 & z ! buoyancy ( heat$ air is s great1 an imm5se volume mu/ necess>ily ru% out ?r\gh a v small ap]ture1 & ?us !re mu/ also ( necessity be an imm5se wa/e bo? ( heat1 & ( fuel4 ,a giv5 portion ( fuel1 9 its combu/ion1 c give (f b a c]ta9 proportionate ratio ( heat1 & if ?is is all[$ unnecess>ily to escape1 ! prodigality is self-evid5t4 ,x is b a weak argum5t1 :i* w\ld seek to give to ! admission ( cold air1 ! (fice ( regulat+ ! temp]ature ( plant h\ses2 ?is ought to be effect$ by limit+ ! degree ( heat appli$1 & n by att5d+ to ! ab/raction ( t :i* _h be5 previ\sly adm9i/]$ ) two lavi% an h&4 ,besides ! extravagance ( su* a c\rse1 ! con/itutional vig\r & en]gy ( ! plants is at ! same "t sacrific$ by undue excitem5t4 ,! admission ( cold air 9 l>ge quantities1 !re=e1 br+s condemnation 9 its tra91 s9ce x is unnecess>y1 & extravagant1 z well z directly injuri\s4 ,!re are nev]!less "s consid]ations :i* r5d] ! admission ( air1 :5 regulat$ & appli$ ) discretion1 an op]ation ( importance to ! heal? ( plants3 x is productive ( b5eficial effects 9 c>ry+ (f ! noxi\s vap\rs1 :i* may al?\gh unse51 & gu>d$ aga9/1 /ill float 9 ! atmosph]e2 & !re c be little d\bt t ano!r b5eficial influ5ce :i* x ex]cises1 results f ! motion :i* is produc$ by a body ( air *ang+ its position1 :i* probably promotes circulation1 & increases ! excitability ( ! plants4 ,s9ce !re=e a *ange ( ! volume ( ! atmosph]e 9 plant h\ses1 is productive ( b5efit1 & ! admission ( a l>ge body ( cold air1 is at ! same "t s decid$ly objectionable1 x is important1 t 9 endeav\r+ to secure ! b5efits ( ! practice1 ! injuries :i* are liable to result1 %\ld if possible be avoid$4 ,! regulation = ! admi/ion ( air1 :i* is describ$ 9 ! second *apt] ( ?is treatise1 may be reg>d$ z be+ ( "s importance 9 ?is respect1 z well z 9 ! provision :i* x includes1 ( supply+ ! heat$ air1 ) a due proportion ( moi/ure4 ,physiologi/s tell u1 t plants d]ive a consid]able proportion ( _! food1 directly f ! atmosph]e1 by a process simil> to ! inhal+ ( animals2 & t ! sub/ances ?us d]iv$1 are c>bonic acid1 ammonia1 & wat]1 :i* conta9 ! elem5ts ( organic matt] 9 consid]able proportions4 ,! influ5ce ( ! atmosph]e is ex]t$ b5eficially1 by its con/itu5ts ent]+ into comb9ations ) o!r matt]s1 :i* are tak5 into ! sy/em by ! roots1 & spread out & expos$ 9 ! leaves3 ?is exposure has s f> ! effect ( alt]+ ! "* ( ! sub/ance c>ri$ up f ! roots1 t x is no long] a body ( crude juice1 b is und]go+ a process ( elaboration1 & is be+ assimilat$ ) ! sup]9cumb5t tissue ( ! plant4 ,!re seems to be no reason :y ^? p>ticul> gase\s bodies :i* plants appropriate to !mselves f ! atmosph]e1 %\ld n to a great ext5t be suppli$ to !m artificially1 at su* p]iods z x may be necess>y1 or desirable1 to accel]ate _! gr[?1 & induce a m p]fect & mature developem5t4 ,x has be5 already /at$1 t ! mo/ important ( ^! a]i=m bodies1 are nitrog51 :i* plants d]ive f ammonia2 & c>bon1 :i* !y d]ive f c>bonic acid gas1 on ! lib]ation ( ! oxyg51 :i* is "o ( its con/itu5ts2 nei!r ( ^!1 c h[ev] be appropriat$1 :5 9 a free /ate1 b only :5 9 a /ate ( comb9ation1 & =m+ ei!r a gase\s or a fluid body4 ,x is probable t nitrog5 might be suppli$ to plants1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! atmosph]e 9 an artificial mann]1 by plac+ )9 any /ructure1 a portion ( "s ( ! volatile salts ( ammonia1 :i* latt] be+ giv5 (f1 w\ld at once supply ! dem&s ( vegetation4 ,c>bon might be appli$1 by ! use ( *>coal2 & x is wor?y ( exp]im5t h[ f> ! combu/ion ( *>coal1 9 plant /ructures1 by accel]at+ ! =mation ( c>bonic acid gas1 may h a b5eficial influ5ce on vegetation4 ,! use ( *>coal z an +r$i5t 9 ! soil1 ?\gh d\btless p>tly1 & p]haps pr9cipally me*anical1 is nev]!less 9 all probability r5d]$ advantage\s 9 ?is v way2 ! sl[ness ( its decomposition mu/ h[ev] r5d] ! quantity appli$1 v homoeopa?ic 9 its nature4 ,a s]ies ( exp]im5ts ) ! view ( asc]ta9+ ! practicability ( cont9ually supply+ to ! atmosph]e1 ^? qualities :i* plants ab/ract f x1 & ( det]m9+ ! mann]1 & ! degree 9 :i* !y %\ld be appli$1 w\ld be "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ & important matt]s1 to :i* ! m9ds ( ,horticultural re=m]s c\ld possibly be direct$2 b x is mo/ ess5tial1 to rememb]1 at ! same "t1 t ^! are p[]ful ag5ts1 requir+ mu* skill 9 _! adaptation1 & capable ( effect+ s]i\s injury & disappo9tm5t1 if indiscrim9ately appli$4 ,,*ap4 ,,ix4 ,,on ,,! ,,gr[? ,,( ,,melons4 ,x is b>ely possible to suppose any use to :i* a /ructure :i* dur+ ! w9t] season _h be5 devot$ to ! gr[? ( ,cucumb]s1 c\ld be s legitimately appropriat$ 9 ! summ]1 z t ( ! gr[? ( ! f9] ,melons ( ,p]sia1 ,ca%m]e1 & ! ,ea/4 ,! sup]iority ( su* z ^!1 9 e po9t ( view1 ov] ^? k9ds1 :i* h be5 long 9 cultivation1 w\ld be an ample recomp5se = ! appropriation ( su* valuable space to _! use2 :il/ 9 no o!r /ructure c\ld ! peculi>ities ( ! treatm5t !y require1 be s fully compli$ )1 & be r5d]$ s completely "u control1 z 9 t "u consid]ation4 ,!re are "s peculi>ities 9 ! treatm5t ( ^! ,melons1 to ! consid]ation ( :i*1 x may be desirable to devote a brief space2 ! mo/ important ( ^!1 are ! composition ( ! soil1 ! application ( moi/ure at ! root1 ! regulation ( atmosph]ic w>m?1 & also1 ( atmosph]ic moi/ure2 9 ^! p>ticul>s1 !y (f] "s diff]5ces to :at has be5 previ\sly /at$1 ) ref]5ce to ! ,cucumb]4 ,! soil 9 :i* ! ,melon delights to gr[1 is "o ( a m compact texture ?an is usually reg>d$ z applicable = ! ,cucumb]3 a suitable compo/ consi/s ( ! top spit f a loamy pa/ure1 ( a texture r adhesive1 & reta9+ ! h]bage & roots ( ! grass2 ?is %\ld be collect$ a few mon?s be=e x is us$1 s t ^! vegetable sub/ances may be 9 a decay+ /ate1 & x %\ld be brok5 r\ghly to pieces1 b by no means sift$2 to x1 %\ld be add$1 ab\t "o-f\r? "p ( vegetable m\ld3 ! :ole %\ld be well incorporat$1 &1 be=e us+1 %\ld be plac$ 9 a situation :]e x may n be liable to become saturat$ by heavy ra92 :i* w\ld s]ve to de/roy ! free & op5 texture1 :i* x is s desirable to reta94 ,9 ! application ( moi/ure to ! soil1 ! /ructure :i* is describ$ 9 a previ\s *apt]1 w be f\nd to pres5t facilities1 :i* peculi>ly adapt x = ! gr[? ( ^! plants4 ,9 ,p]sia1 & ! neighb\r+ c\ntries1 :]e ! ,melon is s successfully gr[n1 ! gr\nd is irrigat$ by means ( num]\s *annels1 :i*1 f ! limitation ( _! expos$ surface1 are n peculi>ly adapt$ to supply atmosph]ic moi/ure2 b are yet suffici5tly num]\s to secure ! p]fect irrigation ( ! soil1 )9 ! rea* ( ! roots4 ,! tubes or %afts1 repres5t$ at 7n7 9 ! sket* ref]r$ to above1 are int5d$ to communicate directly ) a lay] ( co>se op5 mat]ial1 ext5d+ entirely ov] ! top ( ! tank1 & b5ea? ! soil2 by means ( ^! a supply ( wat] %\ld be p\r$ b5ea? ! soil1 :i* w ?us keep t portion imm$iately ab\t ! "y roots1 9 a con/ant & complete /ate ( saturation1 by means ( ! /eam :i* w arise1 9 consequ5ce ( ! heat f ! tank4 ,a uni=mly w>m1 & a ?or\ghly moi/ soil1 w be ?us easily secur$1 :i* are two important po9ts 9 ! gr[? ( ,p]sian ,melons4 ,x mu/ be recollect$ t ^! conditions = supply+ moi/ure1 are recomm5d$ only dur+ ! "t ( gr[+ ! plants1 & swell+ ! fruit2 b z ^! latt] approa* _! maturity1 ! degree ( moi/ure mu/ ( c\rse be gradually dim9i%$4 ,9 connection ) ?is moi/5$ & g5ial soil1 ! ,melon has naturally ! advantage also1 ( p[]ful sun heat1 & int5se light2 & ^! are two conditions :i* x is indisp5sable %\ld be suppli$ 9 artificial cultivation1 z fully z !y c possibly be obta9$4 ,x is by means ( ! moi/ure ( ! soil1 t ! plants are enabl$ to gr[ on rapidly & vigor\sly1 because t moi/ure r5d]s ! food conta9$ 9 ! soil1 soluble1 & !re=e available to ! roots2 b ! elaboration & assimilation ( ?is food dep5ds on ! degree ( light & heat ) :i* !y are suppli$3 )\t ^! conditions1 to conv]t ! crude sap1 by _! unit$ ag5cy1 into organic comp\nds1 su* z lign91 gum1 />*1 & sug>1 & to induce _! deposition1 ! fruit w inde$ be =m$--x w gr[1 & p]haps may ev5 tempt ! eye2 b unless ^! *emical & vital *anges h tak5 place 9 its con/itu5t p>ts1 ! eye1 z x frequ5tly happ5s1 w h be5 deceiv$2 & in/ead ( ! palate be+ gratifi$ by a mature & lusci\s fruit1 x w f9d no?+ b a ta/eless mass ( pulp4 ,! plants1 !re=e1 _c1 9 our latitude1 receive too int5se a degree ( sol> heat1 or ( light4 ,! same cause :i* r5d]s ! natural atmosph]e ( ! ,melon c\ntries elevat$ 9 temp]ature1 r5d]s x also comp>atively dry2 ! sun dr9ks up ! moi/ure :i* is deposit$ ne> ! surface1 or :i* may rise to t position2 & by an exce$+ly p[]ful influ5ce effectually prev5ts ! accumulation ( moi/ure ab\t ! expos$ p>ts ( ! plants4 ,! atmosph]e is nev]!less n 9 an arid /ate2 ! evaporation f a well-moi/5$ soil effectually prev5ts ?is f be+ ! case1 b ! excessive heat also z effectually & cont9ually prev5ts an undue accumulation ( moi/ure 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,! application ( ?is fact1 to artificial practice1 is pla92 a less am\nt ( moi/ure artificially appli$1 9 comp>ison ) ! temp]ature1 mu/ be p]mitt$1 ?an :5 ! cultivation ( ^? plants is attempt$ ^: natural habitats are less /rongly featur$ 9 ?is respect4 ,su* consid]ations z ^! naturally =ce on u ! conclusion1 t x is va9 to attempt ! cultivation ( ?is noble fruit1 except dur+ t portion ( ! ye> :5 ! sun ex]ts 8 greate/ p[] 9 our latitude4 ,x is n because !y _c be induc$ to gr[ at any o!r p]iod ( ! ye>1 = ! m]e ext5sion ( vegetable tissue w g on1 ?\gh ! influ5ce ( ! natural ag5ts is b limit$ & feeble2 b x is because maturity1 p]fect developm5t1 &1 above all1 ! full assimilation ( ! sap1 _c take place suffici5tly to ensure a good flav\r 9 ! fruit1 except light & heat are n only unimp$$ & con/ant1 b p[]ful & unit$ 9 _! action4 ,,*ap4 ,x4 ,,conclud+ ,,rem>ks4 ,i w "h briefly recall att5tion to a mo/ important po9t :i* ! cultivator %\ld cont9ually keep 9 view3 x is mo/ important t he %\ld /udy ,nature2 = if we may believe our s5ses1 or place any confid5ce 9 ov]:elm+ evid5ce1 we may be c]ta9 t all ! conditions we obs]ve 9 a natural /ate ( ?+s1 h be5 plann$ by an ,all-wise h&2 & fur!r1 t a f9ite m9d c nev] attempt ) success1 ei!r to surpass or to disp5se ) any portion ( t :i* an inf9ite be+ has orda9$4 ,ord] is ,heav5's fir/ law1 & 9 :atev] we may attempt to d1 we %all n be wise1 if we endeav\r to effect our purpose by any means :i* may di/ort ! fair proportions :i* unaid$ nature pres5ts to our view4 ,9 cultivat+ plants1 !re=e1 we %\ld adm9i/] ! conditions :i* are fav\rable to _! gr[? & developm5t1 9 some:at ! same proportions ea* to ! o!r1 9 :i* !y are naturally bl5d$--n supply+ "o ess5tial1 9 an undue mann]1 &1 at ! same "t1 neglect+ o!rs2 = successful cultivation mu/ ev] dep5d ^u ! connection & influ5ce ( num]\s circum/ances ^u ea* o!r1 & c nev] be atta9$1 unless ^! conditions are compli$ )1 ei!r design$ly1 or1 z x (t5 happ5s1 by m]e accid5t4 ,ano!r po9t :i* x is important to keep 9 view1 is t in/ructions %\ld be /udi$1 r ?an copi$1 9 _! application to practice4 ,no in/ructions c be giv5 t %\ld be bl9dly & implicitly foll[$4 ,! circum/ances "u :i* plants are plac$ are v>y+ e day1 & ev5 e h\r1 &1 to be successful1 horticultural practice mu/ be v>i$ also4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be v>i$ accord+ to pr9ciple4 ,b ev5 :at are reg>d$ z e/abli%$ laws & pr9ciples %\ld n be he$lessly foll[$2 to be truly successful1 a man mu/ n only be a practical en?usia/ & a ke5 !ori/2 he mu/ also be a skilful exp]im5tali/3 8 exp]im5ts & _! results1 if c>efully wat*$1 d$uc$1 record$1 & /udi$1 w s]ve to guide him = ! future4 ,,app5dix4 ,on ,heat+1 ,v5tilat+ or ,a]at+1 & ,cov]+4 ,s9ce ! publication ( ! fir/ edition ( ?is "w 9 #ahdd1 ! views express$ 9 ! second *apt]1 ) ref]5ce to /ructures be/ adapt$ = ,cucumb] culture 9 ! w9t] season1 h met ) mu* corroborative support4 ,respect+ ! que/ions ( heat+1 v5tilation1 & cov]+1 a few m words may be add$4 ,i h be=e recomm5d$ hot wat] tanks = supply+ bottom heat1 ) atta*$ pipes = ! circulation ( hot wat] to w>m ! atmosph]e4 ,i c see no reason = recomm5d+ any o!r arrangem5t n[2 = ! exp]i5ce ( successive ye>s goes to %[ t hot wat]1 appli$ on s\nd pr9ciples1 is1 above all o!r means ( heat+1 effective 9 its op]ation2 & z to ! "q ( exp5se1 rais$ z an objection to x by "s1 x is suffici5t to say1 t1 al?\gh "o hot wat] app>atus may be fitt$ up 9 an exp5sive mann]1 ano!r may be r5d]$ p]fectly successful 9 its op]ation1 at ! same "t t x is extremely simple 9 its arrangem5ts1 & correspond+ly inexp5sive 9 its co/4 ,a seem+ error 9 ! engrav+1 at p4 #ah1 has be5 po9t$ out to me4 ,9 ! description ( ! sket* x is /at$ t1 a s]ies ( pipes atta*$ to ! same boil] :i* heats ! tank w\ld supply ! requisite heat to ! atmosph]e4 ,! sket* itself %[s ^! pipes to be consid]ably above ! level ( ! wat] 9 ! tank1 & :]e !y c\ld n1 consi/5tly ) ! o!r arrangem5ts1 be ?us employ$4 ,?is may be expla9$ ?us3--! sket* 0 introduc$ r = ! purpose ( illu/rat+ c]ta9 propos$ arrangem5ts1 z reg>ds bottom heat & v5tilation1 ?an z furni%+ an exact & detail$ design = a model /ructure2 & ?us x happ5$ t ! pipes 7 m]ely %[n to be plac$ at ! front "p ( ! h\se1 to indicate t ?is 0 _! prop] relative position4 ,!re w\ld be no practical difficulty 9 plac+ ! pipes l[] d[n1 & ne>ly close to ! front wall1 s z to admit ( ! propos$ connection2 all t w\ld be requir$ to effect ?is1 be+ to fix ! slab1 on :i* !y re/--& :i* prev5ts ! air f ru%+ upw>ds into ! atmosph]e ( ! h\se at ?is po9t--9 a slop+ position1 in/ead ( a horizontal "o4 ,! pr9ciple involv$ 9 ! plan propos$ = aration or v5tilation1 is no d\bt a s\nd "o2 & ?\gh ! plan :i* is m p>ticul>ly describ$ may be modifi$ & v>i$1 yet x is believ$ to be effici5t = its int5d$ purpose4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! admission ( cold air to a /ructure 9 :i* t5d] plants are be+ =c$1 ei!r dur+ w9t] or e>ly spr+1 is mat]ially hurtful to ! plants1 9 proportion to ! t5d]ness ( _! con/itution2 & ! ,cucumb] be+1 "u ^? circum/ances1 a plant ( a v t5d] & delicate nature1 is especially susceptible ( h>m f ?is s\rce4 ,z a consequ5ce result+ f ?is fact1 !re c be little hesitation 9 affirm+ t :atev] fre% or ext]nal air x may be necess>y to admit1 dur+ ! p]iod ref]r$ to1 %\ld be w>m$ be=e x rea*es ! plants1 & 9 be+ w>m$ n burn$1 b suppli$ ) ! additional moi/ure its increas$ heat capacitates x to take up1 & :i*1 to be cong5ial to vegetation1 x requires4 ,?is is provid$ = by ! plan already recomm5d$1 :]e ! cold air is made to pass ?r\gh ! tank conta9+ ! heat$ wat] :i* w>ms ! soil4 ,by a p]fectly practicable modification ( ?is arrangem5t1 n only may ?is result be secur$1 b also ! cont9ual circulation ( ! int]nal atmosph]e may at pleasure be assi/$ & accel]at$1 dur+ ! "t :5 x might n be necess>y to admit fre% air4 ,?is w\ld be an additional advantage4 ,! arrangem5t propos$ to effect ?is1 is to conduct ! cold ext]nal air ?r\gh a heat$ *amb] conta9+ ! tanks--^! latt] be+ cov]$1 b also admitt+ ( be+ op5$ to any ext5t to supply moi/ure or /eam 9 ! proportion requir$4 ,! cold air1 aft] pass+ upw>ds ?r\gh ! *amb]1 escapes at ! front ( ! h\se1 & asc5ds to ! upp] "p ( ! h\se1 f :5ce x f9ds its way d[nw>ds ne> ! back wall1 & !re aga9 ent]s ! *amb]1 ?r\gh op5+s provid$ = ! purpose4 ,! circulation ( ! int]nal atmosph]e w\ld be ?us facilitat$ & accel]at$1 ev5 )\t ! admission ( any curr5t ( ext]nal air1 =1 ( c\rse1 !re is m or less ( ?is k9d ( movem5t go+ on 9 ! atmosph]e1 :]ev] & 9 :atev] =m a s\rce ( artificial heat is pres5t4 ,ano!r mode ( comb9+ int]nal atmosph]ic motion1 ) v5tilation1 & by :i* ! cold air is w>m$ be=e x rea*es ! plants1 has be5 practis$ ) v m>k$ success1 9 a v9]y at ,p>k-hill1 ,/rea?am1 ,surrey2 & ,i h describ$ x 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,horticultural ,society#a z foll[s3--,?is plan consi/s 9 pass+ a z9c pipe1 ?ickly p]=at$ ) small holes1 f end to end ( ! v9]y1 & exactly b5ea? ! range ( hot wat] pipes1 :i* heat ! /ructure4 ,9 ! out] end wall1 communicat+ ) ?is p]=at$ pipe by means ( a k9d ( broad funnel1 a regi/] valve is fix$1 by :i* ! admission ( air c be regulat$ ) ! utmo/ nicety1 or ! supply be %ut (f altoge!r3 ?is valve is fix$ a little bel[ ! level ( ! p]=at$ pipe4 ,! action ( ?is contrivance 0 evid5t en\gh f ! motion communicat$ to ! foliage ( ! v9es2 & its effects 7 app>5t 9 ! unusually heal?y & vigor\s appe>ance !y bore1 until _! p]iod ( rip5+4 ,9 ?is case1 suffici5t moi/ure 0 kept up by syr++ ! walls & pipes1 wett+ ! pa?way1 & by ! use ( evaporat+ tr\ghs1 plac$ on ! metal pipes1 & kept con/antly fill$ ) wat]4 ,9 ano!r communication publi%$ 9 ! "w already quot$1#b aft] allud+ to ! n[ well-kn[n g>d5 truism1 t a comp>atively l[ night temp]ature is indisp5sable to ! ma9t5ance ( vigor\s gr[? 9 plants ( all k9ds1 ,i h advocat$ a m ext5d$ adoption ( ! practice ( night cov]+ hot h\ses1 z a means ( p]mitt+ ! l[ night temp]ature requir$1 & at ! same "t secur+ ! plants aga9/ ! extreme cold to :i* !y w\ld ?us be sometimes liable4 ,f ! *angeable nature ( our climate1 !re is "s difficulty 9 apportion+ ! degree ( appli$ heat1 s z to suit exactly ! requirem5ts ( ! plants 9 ^! respects2 & x is especially difficult to ma9ta9 ) c]ta9ty ! l[ degree ( night temp]ature :i* w\ld be desirable1 & at ! same "t avoid risk+ ! safety ( ! plants1 ?r\gh a sudd5 decl5sion ( ! temp]ature ( ! ext]ior air4 ,at pres5t ?is difficulty has to be met by extraord9>y c>e on ! "p ( ! g>d5]1 & (t5 by s]i\s encroa*m5ts on 8 prop] "t = /udy & = re/3 ev5 !n sometimes )\t success4 ,?is end w\ld be mu* m effectually & c]ta9ly secur$ by a complete sy/em ( cov]+ hot-h\ses & =c+-h\ses2 & ?is plan w\ld secure ! fur!r advantage ( avoid+ ! undue /imulation ( ! plants by a !n unnecess>y am\nt ( heat1 appli$ solely to prev5t ! v evil :i* cov]+ also prev5ts1 namely1 ! risk ( excessive cold dur+ ! night4 ,! pr9ciple ^u :i* a cov]+ acts mo/ effici5tly1 is t ( enclos+ a complete body or /ratum ( air ext]ior to ! glass1 ?is body ( air be+ entirely %ut away f ! surr\nd+ out] atmosph]e4 ,air be+ a bad conductor ( heat1 ! w>m? ( ! int]ior is by ?is means prev5t$ f pass+ to ! ext]ior atmosph]e2 or1 9 o!r words1 ! ext]ior atmosph]e1 be+ prev5t$ f com+ 9 contact ) ! glass1 _c absorb f ! int]ior any mat]ial proportion ( its heat4 ,to secure ?is advantage1 h[ev]1 ! cov]+s mu/ be kept f contact ) ! glass1 & !y %\ld ext5d on e side :]e ! /ructure is =m$ ( mat]ials :i* readily conduct heat--su* z glass or iron4 ,! cov]+s %\ld 9 fact =m nei!r m nor less ?an a close out] case4 ,"o po9t connect$ ) ! application ( ^! cov]+s1 :i* ,i consid] w\ld con/itute an improvem5t1 & :i*1 z f> z ,i am aw>e1 has nev] be5 act$ on1 is t ( hav+ !m to fit s accurately z to exclude ! ext]nal air 7a matt] ( no difficulty 9 ! degree requir$71 & !n to h a s]ies ( v5tilators provid$1 to /& op5 dur+ ! night1 :]eby an int]*ange ( ! atmosph]ic volume w\ld take place ?r\gh\t ! night1 )\t expos+ ! plants to contact ) cold air4 ,! /agnation ( ! int]nal atmosph]e w\ld ?us be prev5t$1 9 consequ5ce ( ! int]ior air & ! air betwe5 ! glass & ! cov]+ be+ ( diff]5t degrees ( d5sity1 ow+ to _! be+ diff]5tly *>g$ ) heat4 ,by ?is plan1 !re=e1 ,i conceive t direct b5efit w\ld accrue to ! plants2 & x w\ld also mat]ially assi/ 9 pres]v+ t cool]--b n cold--night temp]ature1 :i* ! fe> ( injury f fro/ prev5ts f be+ m fully realis$ 9 ord9>y cases4 ,illu/ration ,! annex$ diagram repres5ts "o ( ! _m ways 9 :i* ?is idea might be c>ri$ into practice4 ,x w be und]/ood t1 z "h %[n1 ! side %utt]s & end %utt]s 7! latt] n indicat$71 fit into grooves1 ! upp] groove be+ atta*$ to iron p9s1 & ?us fix$ at a prop] di/ance f ! build+1 )\t ob/ruct+ ! passage ( air along ! enclos$ space2 & t on ! l[] side be+ s fix$ z to exclude ! ext]nal air 9 t direction4 ,! top or ro( %utt]s also run into a groove along ! ridge ( ! ro(1 & at ! l[] end fix close d[n to ! top ( ! side %utt]s1 fa/5+ ) a button4 ,ea* ( ! %utt]s %\ld h a project+ fillet fix$ on "o side1 s z to %ut close ov] ! adjo9+ "o4 ,! %utt]s !mselves %\ld ( c\rse be made ( light frame-"w1 /r5g!n$ :]e necess>y1 ) small iron rods4 ,! mat]ial us$ = cov]+ !m may be ! asphalte felt1 n[ manufactur$ ext5sively = ro(+ purposes1 or /rong br[n pap]1 coat$ ) t>2 ! latt] is us$ ext5sively 9 ,g]many = ?is purpose1 & is f\nd to be v durable & *eap2 x is !re ev5 pref]r$ to e o!r mat]ial4 ,?\gh ! cov]+ ( hot-h\ses has be5 already practis$ 9 "s cases1 ,i am n aw>e ( any "o hav+ adopt$ a close cov]+ ) ! view to facilitate v5tilation or aration dur+ ! night4 ,x appe>s to me t ! circulation ( air1 secur$ by ! means "h propos$1 w\ld h mu* influ5ce 9 exclud+ cold1 :il/ at ! same "t x w\ld prev5t ! int]ior f becom+ too w>m & close4 ,on ,transplant+ & ! use ( ,turf ,pots4 ,i h1 at p4 #bf1 giv5 :at appe> to me to be "s ( ! pr9cipal reasons aga9/ ! practice ( transplant+1 or plant+ out1 ,cucumb] & o!r plants4 ,:5 ?is is done aft] any quantity ( roots are produc$1 "s injury or *eck mu/ be su/a9$ dur+ ! process2 & *ecks ( ?is k9d are oppos$ to ! realisation ( ! greate/ results )9 ! %orte/ p]iod1 :i* ( c\rse is ! great object 9 view4 ,:]e x is inconv5i5t to plant ! se$s 9 ! places ! plants are int5d$ to occupy1 or to put out ! "y plants dur+ ! e>lie/ p]iod ( _! developm5t1 or :]e propagation by cutt+s or lay]s1 is adopt$1 & ! plants ( c\rse h to be pott$ sep>ately1 s z to be 9 a removable /ate1 ! foll[+ simple plan may be adopt$1 & w be f\nd to comb9e all ! advantages & conv5i5ces att5d+ ! use ( pots1 ) ! avoidance ( ! evils ( transplantation1 c4 ,! plan ref]r$ to1 consi/s 9 ! employm5t ( turf or peat1 s contriv$ z to supply ! place ( pots1 & :i* ( c\rse at ! "t ( plant+ is simply plac$1 along ) ! plant x conta9s1 at once into ! soil1 )\t 9 ! lea/ di/urb+ ! roots1 :i*1 gr[+ ?r\gh ! sub/ance ( ! turf1 ext5d beyond x 9 all directions into ! free soil provid$ = !m4 ,^! turf pots are made ( spongy1 fibr\s turf--:e!r loamy or peaty is n mat]ial1 provid$ x is full ( fibre1 s z to admit ( be+ readily trav]s$ by ! roots4 ,! grassy surface is ev5ly remov$1 & ! "u-turves are cut ?ree or f\r in*es 9 ?ickness1 & are !n divid$ into squ>es ( ab\t ?ree in*es across4 ,! c5tre ( ea* ( ^! little squ>es is tak5 out by means ( an iron scoop1 su* z t repres5t$ 9 ! annex$ sket*2 & ?is is !n fill$ up ) soil1 & ! plant1 or se$1 or cutt+1 or lay]1 ins]t$ z if x 7 into an ord9>y fl[] pot4 ,x w be obvi\s t by ?is plan1 e plant is indep5d5t & p]fectly removable--?us secur+ ! conv5i5ce ( s[+ or plant+ & re>+ ! plants 9 pots dur+ _! e>lie/ /ages3 on ! o!r h&1 at ! "t ( plant+ out p]man5tly1 ! plant1 turf1 & all be+ set c>efully into ! soil1 no *eck is su/a9$1 because ! roots rema9 undi/urb$1 & may1 z !y advance1 p5etrate ?r\gh ! turf into ! prep>$ soil :i* surr\nds !m2 9 ?is way ! advantages ( s[+ or plant+ at ! v fir/ 9 ! position ! plants are int5d$ to occupy p]man5tly1 are secur$4 ,illu/ration ,?is plan ( s[+ se$s1 or ( plant+ "y plants int5d$ = transplantation1 into pots made ( turf1 is n only applicable to cucumb]s1 b might be v ext5sively adopt$ 9 ! case ( annuals & half h>dy plants rais$ 9 frames1 dur+ ! spr+1 9 l>ge quantities = ! fl[] g>d54 ,9 ^! cases1 h[ev]1 z ! quantity t c\ld be re>$ )9 a giv5 space w\ld be an object1 ! turves %\ld be z small z possible 9 _! lat]al dim5sions--a bore ( two in*es & a half1 ) half an in* on ea* side1 ?us mak+ ! diamet] ?ree in*es & a half1 w\ld be f\nd conv5i5t 9 ?is respect4 ,= cucumb]s1 h[ev]1 or :5 ! plan 0 appli$ to any special object1 a l>g] size might be employ$1 :i* w\ld all[ ( ! plants atta9+ a l>g] size be=e x w\ld be necess>y to place !m 9 _! p]man5t positions4 ,on ,wat]+ ! ,soil4 ,9 ! diagram at p4 #ah1 & ! description ( x at p4 #bj1 ,i h indicat$ & recomm5d$ a plan ( moi/5+ ! soil by p\r+ wat] d[n b5ea? ! soil3 ?is 0 to be done by ! help ( tubes provid$ = ! purpose4 ,! soil 0 suppos$ to re/ on ! top ( ! hot wat]-tank1 :i* 0 to supply bottom heat2 & imm$iately b5ea? ! soil1 a lay] ( op5 rubble 0 propos$ to be plac$1 among :i* ! wat] appli$ might f9d its way1 & gradually moi/5 ! sup]9cumb5t soil4 ,mr4 ,hunt]1 g>d5] at ,mawley ,hall1 9 detail+#c 8 sixte5 ye>s' exp]i5ce 9 tank-heat+1 has 9 great measure corroborat$ ^! views2 & z 8 corroboration ( ! plan ,i h recomm5d$1 embodies "s useful h9ts1 ,i w quote ! sub/ance ( 8 rem>ks3--,i _h a pit erect$1 ?irty-eight feet long1 sev5 & a half wide1 divid$ into f\r comp>tm5ts1 = gr[+ melons & cucumb]s1 ) a tank ext5d+ ! :ole l5g? ( ! pit1 six feet wide & six in*es deep4 ,across ?is ,i put l>* sp>s1 & ^u !m turves1 ) ! grassy side d[nw>ds1 & on !m ! soil = ! melons & cucumb]s4 ,! plants grew & did well = a "t1 b !y 7 ( %ort duration 9 comp>ison ) ! dung-b$4 ,in/ead ( ! moi/ure asc5d+ ?r\gh ! soil z ,i expect$1 ,i f\nd t ! heat f ! tank dri$ ! turves & soil next to !m z dry z du/1 & t !re 0 no su* ?+ z obta9+ a moi/ heat f hot wat] )\t ! soil 0 9 contact ) x4 ,next ye> ,i put brok5 /ones ^u ! sp>s1 & turves ^u !m1 & made my arrangem5ts s t ,i c\ld occasionally run wat] 9 ! tank to wet ! turves & ! soil next !m4 ,?is 0 an improvem5t2 & ,i w5t on prosp]\sly = "s ye>s1 till ! sp>s began to decay4 ,i !n _h iron b>s put across1 & two ( ! comp>tm5ts cov]$ ) squ>es1 a foot 9 diamet]1 & "o in* ?ick2 ! o!r two ) slates2 bo? slates & squ>es jo9t$ ) ,roman cem5t1 to prev5t ! soil f gett+ into ! tank1 z ,i _h f\nd ! inconv5i5ce ( x :5 us+ ! sp>s4 ,i put "s brok5 /ones ^u ! cov]s1 & turves ^u !m1 & !n ! soil4 ,"h my orig9al difficulty occurr$2 ! soil next ! cov]s got too dry1 & to moi/5 x f above 0 impracticable1 )\t mak+ ! soil a complete puddle1 :i* w\ld h /opp$ ! heal?y gr[? ( ! plants4 ,to rem$y ?is1 ,i put six small e>!n pipes into ea* division1 ! "o end re/+ ^u ! tank cov]s1 ! o!r /&+ up above ! soil4 ,:5 ,i f\nd by ! wat* /icks t ! soil 0 gett+ dry1 ,i p\r$ wat] d[n ! pipes ?r\gh a t9 funnel :i* ,i _h made on purpose2 ?is spread itself ov] ! surface ( ! tank cov]s1 & diffus$ a g5tle moi/ure to ! soil1 s cong5ial to ! gr[? ( plants4 ,?is 0 a move 9 ! "r direction4 ,i !n ?\ght t x w\ld be bett] to p\r ! manure wat] d[n ^u ! tank cov]s1 :i* ,i h done s9ce4 ,i f\nd ! brok5 /ones ov] ! tank cov]s tr\blesome2 !y 7 also a h>b\r = wood-lice4 ,i n[ use only a lay] ( leaves next ! cov]s1 & !y are cle>$ out ) ! soil4 ,on ,atmosph]ic ,humidity4 ,cucumb]s _c at any "t be successfully gr[n 9 an arid atmosph]e1 al?\gh1 dur+ ! w9t] season1 !y require a mu* less proportion ( atmosph]ic humidity1 ?an "u ! influ5ce ( long] days & bright] light2 & conv]sely1 ! degree :i* w\ld be necess>y to secure _! welf>e 9 summ]1 w\ld be fatal to !m 9 w9t]4 ,an exp]i5c$ g>d5] w\ld tell almo/ in/9ctively1 at ei!r season1 :e!r a suffici5t supply 0 pres5t or n2 b less exp]i5c$ cultivators w\ld ne$ "s index1 or regi/]1 to guide !m4 ,su* an index is af=d$ by ! hygromet]2 b mo/ ( ! k9ds ( hygromet]s are delicate in/rum5ts1 & h>dly suit$ = g>d5 use4 ,:at is ne$$ 9 ?is case is1 n an in/rum5t :i* requires m9ute obs]vations & calculations1 b some?+ t w at once indicate ! atmosph]ic humidity z pla9ly z ! !rmomet] does ! temp]ature1 & :i* may be z easily read (f & und]/ood4 ,simmons' hygromet]1 rec5tly introduc$ to ! notice ( horticulturi/s1 pr(esses to supply ?is desid]atum2 & ?\gh1 p]haps1 n a suffici5tly accurate in/rum5t = purely sci5tific purposes1 yet1 z simply & cle>ly indicat+ :at is at lea/ an approximation to ! exi/+ degree ( atmosph]ic humidity1 x is to be reg>d$ z a useful g>d5 hygromet]4 ,by x1 ! degree ( dryness or humidity is indicat$ on a dial-plate1 by means ( a moveable arm resembl+ ! h& ( a clock4 ,! dial-plate is m>k$ (f into degrees1 express+ ! am\nt ( moi/ure 9 ! air1 betwe5 :at is obs]v$ :5 ! in/rum5t is plung$ 9 wat] on ! "o h&1 & expos$ to excessive dryness on ! o!r4 ,z my own exp]i5ce ( ?is in/rum5t1 ?\gh fav\rable to its use1 is /ill b limit$1 ,i _c d bett] ?an introduce "h ! foll[+ rem>ks ( ,mr4 ,beck1 ( ,islewor?1 a v successful cultivator ( plants1 & "o :o has _h consid]able exp]i5ce 9 ! use ( ^! in/rum5ts4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ,mr4 ,beck's /&>d = ! or*id-h\se w be ab\t suitable = cucumb]s4#d ,mr4 ,beck obs]ves1--,! skilful g>d5]1 obs]v+ ! po9t] to advance ) dryness & return ) moi/ure1 w soon =m a /&>d = himself1 by :i* to regulate 8 /ove1 gre5h\se1 c42 /ill "s g5]al scale is desirable4 ,two conditions mu/ be c>efully obs]v$3--#a4 ,! in/rum5t mu/ nei!r be hung 9 ! sun1 nor :]e x w be liable to get wett$ or saturat$4 #b4 ,x mu/ n be subject$ to great] heat ?an is suit$ to vegetable life4 ,= ! six mon?s comm5c+ ) ,augu/ & end+ ) ,janu>y1 #dj deg4 91 ! morn+1 increas+ to #fj deg4 ab\t noon1 & decl9+ aga9 to #dj deg4 at night1 is ab\t ! "r scale = ! or*id-h\se2 :il/ a range f #ej deg4 to #hj deg4 w\ld be suitable = bo? ! /ove & gre5h\se 9 ^? mon?s4 ,9 ! o!r half ye>1 ,febru>y & ,july inclusive1 #cj deg4 to #dj deg41 morn+ & ev5+1 runn+ up to #hj deg4 9 ! middle ( ! day = ! or*id-h\se2 #dj deg4 & #ej deg41 & up to #gj deg4 = ! /ove2 & #ej deg4 to #hj deg4 = ! gre5h\se1 w prove v suitable4 ,! above scale is desirable1 b ,i d n say x is always atta9able4 ,ours is an unc]ta9 climate2 sometimes a dry ea/ w9d w almo/ p>* u up2 at o!r times a s\!rly "o1 ) wet1 w cause a sup]abundance1 :i* w h to be correct$1 possibly by a g5tle fire1 & a free admission ( air4 ,! alt]ation h]eby effect$ 9 ! atmosph]e ( ! h\ses w soon be evid5c$ by ! hygromet]1 & mildew & fogg+ (f be kept at a di/ance4 ,oppos$ to an excess ( moi/ure 9 ! dull mon?s ( ! ye>1 is ! dryness consequ5t on ! summ] & autumnal sun%9e4 ,!n1 dur+ ! heat ( ! days1 ! in/rum5t w seem to h run wild4 ,?r[+ wat] on ! floors ( ! h\ses1 & e means ( increas+ ! am\nt ( moi/ure1 seems b ( little or tempor>y avail2 ,simmons w g up1 spite ( all1 to #ij deg4 or #ajj deg41 & none ! worse ei!r1 = x is /ill a fai?ful indicator1 & z sure z ! day decl9es1 & ! heat ( ! sun is )drawn1 s w x come back to a suitable po9t1 :5 ! plants are wat]$ & ! floors are wett$ = ! night4 ,rememb]+ !n1 ! v>iabl5ess ( our climate1 ,i c&idly admit t ,i consid] any precise directions ( v little value4 ,none c be giv5 t %all be implicitly foll[$1 or on :i* success %all c]ta9ly att5d4 ,horticultural practice %\ld be made dep5dant ^u ev]-v>y+ circum/ances4 ,mr4 ,belville1 ( ! ,royal ,obs]vatory1 has con/ruct$ ! foll[+ ,table1 f a s]ies ( obs]vations made ) ,simmons' hygromet] 9 connexion ) ! dew po9t1 z obta9$ by a ,mason's hygromet]1 or a dry & wet !rmomet]4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,range ,mean ( ,simmons' ,humidity ( ,hygromet]4 ! ,air4 -------------------------- #bj to #cj #ajj ,extreme saturation2 air precipitates moi/ure at a fall ( temp]ature4 #cj 44 #dj #jif #dj 44 #ej #jhi #ej 44 #fj #jha #fj 44 #gj #jgg #gj 44 #hj #jgb ,ord9>y f9e dry wea!r4 #hj 44 #ij #jfg #ij 44 #ajj #jei #ajj 44 #abj #jej ,air conta9s "o half ( ! moi/ure x is capable ( hold+ 9 solution2 9 ,engl& v dry wea!r4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,example3--,suppose hygromet] read #de1 ! mean humidity correspond+ is #ic4 ,aga91 if hygromet] read #ij1 ! mean humidity correspond+ is #ei4 ,mu%rooms4 7,see p4 #bb47 ,conv5i5ce = gr[+ mu%rooms may always be plann$ 9 a cucumb] h\se2 & z ^! excell5t fungi are univ]sally approv$1 x may be useful to app5d an epitome ( ! mode 9 :i* !y %\ld be cultivat$4 ,! be/1 or1 at lea/1 mo/ conv5i5t situation = ! b$1 w\ld be b5ea? t provid$ = ! cucumb] plants 7see p4 #ah74 ,! front may be =m$ ( two c\rse ( brick-on-edge1 & if divisions are requir$1 !y %\ld be =m$ 9 ! same way4 ,! bottom %\ld be made ev51 & r5d]$ dry4 ,! mat]ial = =m+ ! b$ itself consi/s ( %ort /able litt]1 ) horse-dropp+s1 b *iefly ! latt]1 br\ght to a c]ta9 /ate ( f]m5tation4 ,! dropp+s & litt] %\ld be obta9$ daily f ! /able1 until en\gh = a b$ is collect$2 x %\ld1 f day to day1 be ?r[n up into a flatti% heap1 9 a dry place1 :]e x w f]m5t v slightly4 ,z soon z en\gh is got toge!r to beg9 to f]m5t1 ! heap mu/ be turn$ ov]2 & 9 ^! turn+s1 ! out] & inn] p>ts ( ! heap1 z well z ! fre% & ! f]m5t+1 mu/ be well mix$ up toge!r2 ! heaps %\ld be turn$ e second day1 & %\ld nev] be made l>ge1 or else ! dung w\ld become bo? too hot & too dry1 ei!r ( :i* w\ld spoil x4 ,to avoid ?is1 ! heaps %\ld be flat & %all[1 ) z mu* outside z possible2 9 ?is way ! air1 act+ on a consid]able portion ( x1 r5d]s x r dry1 & *ecks too rapid f]m5tation4 ,?is prep>ation mu/ be cont9u$ until ! :ole mass is br\ght to an uni=m mild1 dryi% /ate ( f]m5tation4 ,!n ! b$ may be made 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,ab\t ?ree in*es ( ! prep>$ dung is laid ev5ly ov] ! bottom1 & is beat5 d[n firmly ) a flat heavy wood5 mallet4 ,ano!r lay] is !n put on 9 ! same way1 & ?is is repeat$ until ! b$ is =m$ to a ?ickness ( ab\t six in*es4 ,! next two in*es ( ! dung %\ld h ab\t a six? "p ( light turfy loam r$uc$ to m\ld1 & sift$1 mix$ ) x to give x body4 ,! b$ is n[ prep>$1 & is to be spawn$ z soon z x is se5 t x does n heat viol5tly4 ,! heat ought n to exce$ #ij degrees3 if x rea*es high] ?an ?is1 holes mu/ be made1 a few in*es ap>t1 to let ! heat pass (f1 & 9 a day or two ^! may be fill$ up aga94 ,! spawn is to be put 9 :5 ! heat ranges ab\t #ge degrees2 lumps ( spawn ab\t z l>ge z a small egg may be us$2 a hole %\ld be made ) ! f+]s ab\t two in*es deep1 ! spawn ins]t$1 & ! mat]ial ( ! b$ clos$ ab\t x4 ,probably by ?is "t !re w be no dang] ( ov]heat+1 & if s1 ! soil may be put on2 if1 h[ev]1 !re is any incl9ation to ov]heat1 wait till x has pass$ (f be=e putt+ on ! soil4 ,! soil us$ %\ld be decompos$ turfy loam1 mod]ately dry1 s z to be> compression )\t runn+ toge!r l pa/e1 b damp en\gh to become firm1 close1 & ev51 :5 beat5 closely4 ,ab\t two in*es 9 ?ickness %\ld be put on1 & ?is is to be beat5 d[n q firm & close4 ,! b$s are !n f9i%$4 ,x is z well to cov] ! surface ) a ?9 lay] ( %ort hay1 to prev5t x becom+ q dry4 ,mu%room b$s seldom require wat]2 aft] !y h be5 "s "t 9 be>+1 ! b$s sometimes get dry1 & 9 su* cases1 if !y h a mod]ate soak+ ( tepid wat]1 & ! surface is cov]$ z be=e1 a new crop w spr+ up4 ,! cov]+ is be/ remov$ :5 ! b$s are 9 be>+4 ,x is seldom advisable to apply wat] :5 ! b$s are com+ into be>+4 ,wat] %\ld nev] be us$ 9 any o!r ?an a tepid /ate4 ,mu%rooms are mo/ priz$ 9 ! summ]1 ?\gh ! atmosph]e ( a cucumb]-h\se w\ld n !n be suitable = !m1 unless ! space ab\t !m c\ld be clos$ 91 s z to reta9 a close1 some:at humid atmosph]e4 ,!y w\ld succe$ v well )\t be+ enclos$1 dur+ ! season = =c+ cucumb]s4 ,"u ! treatm5t :i* has be5 detail$1 ! b$s w\ld usually come into be>+ 9 ab\t six weeks f ! "t ( spawn+2 &1 "u fav\rable circum/ances1 w\ld cont9ue 9 be>+ = two or ?ree mon?s4 ,footnotes3 #a ,! ,j\rnal ( ! ,horticultural ,society ( ,london1 vol4 ,i4 p4 #aad4 #b ,ib4 vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #bi4 #c ,g>d5]'s ,j\rnal1 #ahdg1 p4 #cci4 #d ,g>d5]'s ,*ronicle #ahdg4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,passages 9 italics are indicat$ by und]score4 ,! foll[+ mispr9ts h be5 correct$3 influ5ee correct$ to influ5ce 7page #ba7 circum/auces correct$ to circum/ances 7page #cb7 analag\s correct$ to analog\s 7page #cf7 %onld correct$ to %\ld 7page #cf7 di/ributiug correct$ to di/ribut+ 7page #dj7 appropaiat$ correct$ to appropriat$ 7page #ee7 conditi\s correct$ to conditions 7page #gb7 ,o!r ?an ! corrections li/$ above1 pr9t]'s inconsi/5cies 9 spell+ & hyph5ation usage h be5 reta9$4 ,punctuation has be5 correct$ )\t note4