,transcrib$ f ! #aiad ,a4 ,c4 ,fifield edition by ,david ,price1 email ccx#jgdpglaf4org ,picture3 ,public doma9 cov] ,,cant]bury ,,pieces ,by ,samuel ,butl] ,au?or ( 8,ere:on10 8,! ,way ( ,all ,fle%10 etc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,edit$ by ,r4 ,a4 ,/reatfeild 99 99 99 99 99 ,london3 ,a4 ,c4 ,fifield #aiad ,,cont5ts ,,page ,d>w9 on ! ,orig9 ( ,species #adi ,a ,dialogue #aee ,b>rel-,organs #afd ,lett]3 #ba ,febru>y #ahfc #afg ,lett]3 #ad ,m>* #ahfc #aga ,lett]3 #ah ,m>* #ahfc #agc ,lett]3 #aa ,april #ahfc #age ,lett]3 #bb ,june #ahfc #agg ,d>w9 ,among ! ,ma*9es #agi ,lucubratio ,ebria #ahf ,a ,note on 8,! ,tempe/0 #aie ,! ,engli% ,cricket]s #aih ,d>w9 on ! ,orig9 ( ,species ,prefatory ,note ,,z ! foll[+ dialogue embodies ! e>lie/ fruits ( ,butl]'s /udy ( ! works ( ,*>les ,d>w91 ) ^: "n 8 own 0 de/9$ 9 lat] ye>s to be s closely connect$1 & ?us possesses an int]e/ ap>t f its intr9sic m]it1 a few words z to ! circum/ances 9 :i* x 0 publi%$ w n be out ( place4 ,butl] arriv$ 9 ,new ,zeal& 9 ,octob]1 #ahei1 & ab\t ! same "t ,*>les ,d>w9's ,,orig9 ,,( ,,species 0 publi%$4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds ! book came into ,butl]'s h&s4 ,he seems to h read x c>efully1 & m$itat$ ^u x4 ,! result ( 8 m$itations took ! %ape ( ! foll[+ dialogue1 :i* 0 publi%$ on #bj ,decemb]1 #ahfb1 9 ! ,,press :i* _h be5 />t$ 9 ! t[n ( ,*ri/ ,*ur* 9 ,may1 #ahfa4 ,! dialogue did n by any means pass unnotic$4 ,on ! #ag? ( ,janu>y1 #ahfc1 a lead+ article 7( c\rse unsign$7 appe>$ 9 ! ,,press1 "u ! title 8,b>rel-,organs10 discuss+ ,d>w9's !ories1 & incid5tally ref]r+ to ,butl]'s dialogue4 ,a reply to ?is article1 sign$ ,a4,m41 appe>$ on ! #ba/ ( ,febru>y1 & ! correspond5ce 0 cont9u$ until ! #bbnd ( ,june1 #ahfc4 ,! dialogue itself1 :i* 0 une>!d f ! e>ly files ( ! ,,press1 ma9ly ow+ to ! ex]tions ( ,mr4 ,h5ry ,fe/+ ,jones1 0 repr9t$1 toge!r ) ! correspond5ce t foll[$ its publication1 9 ! ,,press ( ,june #h & #ae1 #aiab4 ,soon aft] ! orig9al appe>ance ( ,butl]'s dialogue a copy ( x fell into ! h&s ( ,*>les ,d>w91 possibly s5t to him by a fri5d 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,d>w9 0 suffici5tly /ruck by x to =w>d x to ! editor ( "s magaz9e1 :i* has n be5 id5tifi$1 ) ! foll[+ lett]3-- ,d[n1 ,bromley1 ,k5t1 ,s4,e4 ,m>* #bd #ahfc4 7,private74 ,mr4 ,d>w9 takes ! lib]ty to s5d by ?is po/ to ! ,editor a ,new ,zeal& newspap] = ! v improbable *ance ( ! ,editor hav+ "s sp>e space to repr9t a ,dialogue on ,species4 ,?is ,dialogue1 writt5 by "s sic q unkn[n to ,mr4 ,d>w91 is rem>kable f its _s & f giv+ s cle> & accurate a view ( ,mr4 ,d4 sic !ory4 ,x is also rem>kable f be+ publi%$ 9 a colony exactly #ab ye>s old1 9 :i* x might h sic ?\ght only mat]ial int]e/s w\ld h be5 reg>d$4 ,! autograph ( ?is lett] 0 pur*as$ f ,mr4 ,tregaskis by ,mr4 ,fe/+ ,jones1 & subsequ5tly pres5t$ by him to ! ,museum at ,*ri/ ,*ur*4 ,! lett] _c be dat$ ) c]ta9ty1 b s9ce ,butl]'s dialogue 0 publi%$ 9 ,decemb]1 #ahfb1 & x is at lea/ probable t ! copy ( ! ,,press :i* conta9$ x 0 s5t to ,d>w9 %ortly aft] x appe>$1 we may conclude ) tol]able c]ta9ty t ! lett] 0 writt5 9 ,m>*1 #ahfc4 ,fur!r light is ?r[n on ! controv]sy by a correspond5ce :i* took place betwe5 ,butl] & ,d>w9 9 #ahfe1 %ortly aft] ,butl]'s return to ,engl&4 ,dur+ t ye> ,butl] _h publi%$ a pamphlet entitl$ ,,! ,,evid5ce ,,= ,,! ,,resurrection ,,( ,,jesus ,,*ri/ ,,z ,,giv5 ,,by ,,! ,,f\r ,,evangeli/s ,,critically ,,exam9$1 ( :i* he aft]w>ds incorporat$ ! sub/ance into ,,! ,,fair ,,hav54 ,butl] s5t a copy ( ?is pamphlet to ,d>w91 & 9 due c\rse receiv$ ! foll[+ reply3-- ,d[n1 ,bromley1 ,k5t4 ,septemb] #cj #ahfe4 ,my de> ,sir1--,i am mu* oblig$ to y = s k9dly s5d+ me y\r ,evid5ces1 etc4 ,we h read x ) mu* int]e/4 ,x seems to me writt5 ) mu* =ce1 vig\r1 & cle>ness2 & ! ma9 argum5t to me is q new4 ,i p>ticul>ly agree ) all y say 9 y\r preface4 ,i d n "k :e!r y int5d to return to ,new ,zeal&1 &1 if y are incl9$ to write1 ,i %\ld mu* l to "k :at y\r future plans are4 ,my heal? has be5 s bad dur+ ! la/ five mon?s t ,i h be5 conf9$ to my b$room4 ,_h x be5 o!rwise ,i w\ld h ask$ y if y c\ld h sp>$ ! "t to h paid u a visit2 b ?is at pres5t is impossible1 & ,i fe> w be s = "s "t4 ,) my be/ ?anks = y\r pres5t1 ,i rema91 ,my de> ,sir1 ,y\rs v fai?fully1 ,*>les ,d>w94 ,to ?is lett] ,butl] repli$ z foll[s3-- #ae ,clif=d's ,inn1 ,e4,c4 ,octob] #a/1 #ahfe4 ,de> ,sir1--,i knew y 7 ill & ,i nev] meant to give y ! fatigue ( writ+ to me4 ,please d n tr\ble y\rself to d s aga94 ,z y k9dly ask my plans ,i may say t1 ?\gh ,i v probably may return to ,new ,zeal& 9 ?ree or f\r ye>s1 ,i h no int5tion ( do+ s be=e t "t4 ,my /udy is art1 & any?+ else ,i may indulge 9 is only by-play2 x may cause y "s little wond] t at my age ,i %\ld h />t$ z an art /ud5t1 & ,i may p]haps be p]mitt$ to expla9 t ?is 0 always my wi% = ye>s1 t ,i _h begun six ye>s ago1 z soon z ev] ,i f\nd t ,i c\ld n consci5ti\sly take ord]s2 my fa!r s /rongly disapprov$ ( ! idea t ,i gave x up & w5t out to ,new ,zeal&1 /ay$ !re = five ye>s1 work$ l a common s]vant1 ?\gh on a run ( my own1 & sold out little m ?an a ye> ago1 ?9k+ t prices 7 go+ to fall--:i* !y h s9ce done4 ,be+ !n r at a loss :at to d & my capital be+ all lock$ up1 ,i took ! opportunity to return to my old plan1 & h be5 /udy+ = ! la/ t5 ye>s unremitt+ly4 ,i hope t 9 ?ree or f\r ye>s m ,i %all be able to g on v well by myself1 & !n ,i may g back to ,new ,zeal& or no z circum/ances %all seem to r5d] advisable4 ,i mu/ apologise = s mu* detail1 b h>dly knew h[ to expla9 myself )\t x4 ,i always delight$ 9 y\r ,,orig9 ,,( ,,species z soon z ,i saw x out 9 ,new ,zeal&--n z kn[+ any?+ :atsoev] ( natural hi/ory1 b x ent]s into s _m deeply int]e/+ que/ions1 or r x sugge/s s _m1 t x ?or\ghly fasc9at$ me4 ,i !re=e feel all ! great] pleasure t my pamphlet %\ld please y1 h[ev] full ( errors4 ,! fir/ dialogue on ! ,,orig9 :i* ,i wrote 9 ! ,,press call$ =? a contemptu\s rejo9d] f 7,i believe7 ! ,bi%op ( ,well+ton--7please d n m5tion ! "n1 ?\gh ,i ?9k t at ?is di/ance ( space & "t ,i might m5tion x to y\rself7 ,i answ]$ x ) ! enclos$1 :i* may amuse y4 ,i assum$ ano!r "* because my dialogue 0 9 my he>+ v sev]ely criticis$ by two or ?ree ^: op9ion ,i ?\ght wor? hav+1 & ,i def]r$ to _! judgm5t 9 my next4 ,i d n ?9k ,i %\ld d s n[4 ,i fe> y w be %ock$ at an appeal to ! p]iodicals m5tion$ 9 my lett]1 b !y =m a v /aple article ( bu% diet1 & we us$ to get a good deal ( sup]ficial k out ( !m4 ,i fe>$ to g 9 too heavy on ! side ( ! ,,orig91 because ,i ?\ght t1 hav+ said my say z well z ,i c\ld1 ,i _h bett] n[ take a less impassion$ tone2 b ,i 0 really exce$+ly angry4 ,please d n tr\ble y\rself to answ] ?is1 & believe me1 ,y\rs mo/ s9c]ely1 ,s4 ,butl]4 ,?is elicit$ a second lett] f ,d>w93-- ,d[n1 ,bromley1 ,k5t4 ,octob] #f4 ,my de> ,sir1--,i ?ank y s9c]ely = y\r k9d & frank lett]1 :i* has int]e/$ me greatly4 ,:at a s+ul> & v>i$ c>e] y h already run4 ,did y keep any j\rnal or notes 9 ,new ,zeal&8 ,= x /rikes me t ) y\r r>e p[]s ( writ+ y might make a v int]e/+ "w descriptive ( a coloni/'s life 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,i return y\r pr9t$ lett]1 :i* y might l to keep4 ,x has amus$ me1 especially ! "p 9 :i* y criticise y\rself4 ,to appreciate ! lett] fully ,i ought to h read ! bi%op's lett]1 :i* seems to h be5 v ri*4 ,y tell me n to answ] y\r note1 b ,i c\ld n resi/ ! wi% to ?ank y = y\r lett]4 ,) e good wi%1 believe me1 my de> ,sir1 ,y\rs s9c]ely1 ,*4 ,d>w94 ,x is curi\s t 9 ?is correspond5ce ,d>w9 makes no ref]5ce to ! fact t he _h already _h 9 8 possession a copy ( ,butl]'s dialogue & _h endeav\r$ to induce ! editor ( an ,engli% p]iodical to repr9t x4 ,x is possible t we h n "h ! :ole ( ! correspond5ce :i* pass$ betwe5 ,d>w9 & ,butl] at ?is p]iod1 & ?is !ory is support$ by ! fact t ,butl] seems to take = grant$ t ,d>w9 knew all ab\t ! appe>ance ( ! orig9al dialogue on ! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,species 9 ! ,,press4 ,en\gh1 h[ev]1 has be5 giv5 to expla9 ! correspond5ce :i* ! publication ( ! dialogue occasion$4 ,i d n "k :at au?ority ,butl] _h = suppos+ t ,*>les ,john ,abraham1 ,bi%op ( ,well+ton1 0 ! au?or ( ! article entitl$ 8,b>rel-,organs10 & ! 8,savoy>d0 ( ! subsequ5t controv]sy4 ,h[ev]1 at t "t ,butl] 0 deep 9 ! c\nsels ( ! ,,press1 & he may h receiv$ private in=mation on ! subject4 ,butl]'s own reappe>ance ov] ! initials ,a4,m4 is suffici5tly expla9$ 9 8 lett] to ,d>w94 ,x is wor? obs]v+ t ,butl] appe>s 9 ! dialogue & ensu+ correspond5ce 9 a "* v diff]5t f t :i* he 0 lat] to assume4 ,"h we h him z an ard5t support] ( ,*>les ,d>w91 & adopt+ a contemptu\s tone ) reg>d to ! claims ( ,erasmus ,d>w9 to h s[n ! se$ :i* 0 aft]w>ds rais$ to maturity by 8 gr&son4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to "k if x 0 ?is correspond5ce t fir/ turn$ ,butl]'s att5tion s]i\sly to ! works ( ! old] evolutioni/s & ultimately l$ to ! production ( ,,evolution1 ,,old ,,& ,,new1 9 :i* ! indebt$ness ( ,*>les ,d>w9 to ,erasmus ,d>w91 ,buffon & ,lam>ck is demon/rat$ ) su* compell+ =ce4 ,a ,dialogue ,f ! ,press1 #bj ,decemb]1 #ahfb4 ,f4 ,s y h f9i%$ ,d>w98 ,well1 h[ did y l him8 ,c4 ,y _c expect me to l him4 ,he is s h>d & logical1 & he treats 8 subject ) su* an int5sity ( dry reason+ )\t giv+ himself ! loose re9 = a s+le mom5t f "o end ( ! book to ! o!r1 t ,i mu/ confess ,i h f\nd x a great ef=t to read him ?r\gh4 ,f4 ,b ,i fancy t1 if y are to be c&id1 y w admit t ! fault lies r ) y\rself ?an ) ! book4 ,y\r k ( natural hi/ory is s sup]ficial t y are con/antly baffl$ by t]ms ( :i* y d n und]/& ! mean+1 & 9 :i* y consequ5tly lose all int]e/4 ,i admit1 h[ev]1 t ! book is h>d & labori\s read+2 &1 moreov]1 t ! writ] appe>s to h pr$et]m9$ f ! comm5cem5t to reject all ornam5t1 & simply to argue f beg9n+ to end1 f po9t to po9t1 till he conceiv$ t he _h made 8 case suffici5tly cle>4 ,c4 ,i agree ) y1 & ,i d n l 8 book p>tly on t v acc\nt4 ,he seems to h no eye b = ! s+le po9t at :i* he is aim+4 ,f4 ,b is n t a great virtue 9 a writ]8 ,c4 ,a great virtue1 b a cold & h>d "o4 ,f4 ,9 my op9ion x is a grave & wise "o4 ,moreov]1 ,i conceive t ! judicial calmness :i* s /rongly *>act]ises ! :ole book1 ! abs5ce ( all passion1 ! air ( extreme & anxi\s caution :i* p]vades x ?r\gh\t1 are r ! result ( tra9+ & artificially acquir$ self-re/ra9t ?an symptoms ( a cold & unimpassion$ nature2 at any rate1 :e!r ! lawy]-l faculty ( swe>+ bo? sides ( a "q & atta*+ ! full value to bo? is acquir$ or natural 9 ,d>w9's case1 y w admit t su* a habit ( m9d is ess5tial = any really valuable & sci5tific inve/igation4 ,c4 ,i admit x4 ,sci5ce is all head--%e has no he>t at all4 ,f4 ,y are "r4 ,b a man ( sci5ce may be a man ( o!r ?+s besides sci5ce1 & ?\gh he may h1 & ought to h no he>t dur+ a sci5tific inve/igation1 yet :5 he has once come to a conclusion he may be he>ty en\gh 9 support ( x1 & 9 8 o!r capacities may be ( z w>m a temp]am5t z ev5 y c desire4 ,c4 ,i tell y ,i d n l ! book4 ,f4 ,may ,i cate*ise y a little ^u x8 ,c4 ,to y\r he>t's cont5t4 ,f4 ,fir/ly1 !n1 ,i w ask y :at is ! "o great impression t y h d]iv$ f read+ x2 or1 r1 :at d y ?9k to be ! ma9 impression t ,d>w9 want$ y to d]ive8 ,c4 ,:y1 ,i %\ld say "s su* ?+ z ! foll[+--t m5 are desc5d$ f monkeys1 & monkeys f some?+ else1 & s on back to dogs & horses & h$ge-sp>r[s & pigeons & c9ip$es 7:at is a c9ip$e87 & *eesemites1 & !n ?r\gh ! plants d[n to duckwe$4 ,f4 ,y express ! preval5t idea conc]n+ ! book1 :i* z y express x appe>s nons5sical en\gh4 ,c4 ,h[1 !n1 %\ld y express x y\rself8 ,f4 ,h& me ! book & ,i w read x to y ?r\gh f beg9n+ to end1 = to express x m briefly ?an ,d>w9 himself has done is almo/ impossible4 ,c4 ,t is nons5se2 z y ask$ me :at impression ,i d]iv$ f ! book1 s n[ ,i ask y1 & ,i *>ge y to answ] me4 ,f4 ,well1 ,i ass5t to ! ju/ice ( y\r dem&1 b ,i %all comply ) x by requir+ y\r ass5t to a few pr9cipal /atem5ts d$ucible f ! "w4 ,c4 ,s be x4 ,f4 ,y w grant !n1 fir/ly1 t all plants & animals increase v rapidly1 & t unless !y 7 9 "s mann] *eck$1 ! _w w\ld soon be ov]/ock$4 ,take cats1 = in/ance2 see ) :at rapidity !y bre$ on ! diff]5t runs 9 ?is prov9ce :]e !re is little or no?+ to *eck !m2 or ev5 take ! m sl[ly bre$+ %eep1 & see h[ soon #ejj ewes become #ejjj %eep "u fav\rable circum/ances4 ,suppose ?is sort ( ?+ to g on = a hundr$ million ye>s or s1 & :]e w\ld be ! /&+ room = all ! diff]5t plants & animals t w\ld be n[ exi/+1 did !y n mat]ially *eck ea* o!r's increase1 or 7 !y n liable 9 "s way to be *eck$ by o!r causes8 ,rememb] ! quail2 h[ pl5tiful !y 7 until ! cats came ) ! settl]s f ,europe4 ,:y 7 !y s abundant8 ,simply because !y _h pl5ty to eat1 & c\ld get suffici5t %elt] f ! hawks to multiply freely4 ,! cats came1 & tussocks /ood ! poor little creatures 9 b poor /ead4 ,! cats increas$ & multipli$ because !y _h pl5ty ( food & no natural enemy to *eck !m4 ,let !m wait a ye> or two1 till !y h mat]ially r$uc$ ! l>ks also1 z !y h long s9ce r$uc$ ! quail1 & let !m h to dep5d solely ^u occasional dead lambs & %eep1 & !y w f9d a c]ta9 r =midable natural enemy call$ ,fam9e rise sl[ly b inexorably aga9/ !m & slaught] !m :olesale4 ,! fir/ proposition !n to :i* ,i dem& y\r ass5t is t all plants & animals t5d to increase 9 a high geometrical ratio2 t !y all endeav\r to get t :i* is necess>y = _! own welf>e2 t1 z un=tunately !re are conflict+ int]e/s 9 ,nature1 collisions con/antly occur betwe5 diff]5t animals & plants1 :]eby ! rate ( increase ( ea* species is v mat]ially *eck$4 ,d y admit ?is8 ,c4 ,( c\rse2 x is obvi\s4 ,f4 ,y admit !n t !re is 9 ,nature a p]petual w>f>e ( plant1 ( bird1 ( bea/1 ( fi%1 ( reptile2 t ea* is /riv+ selfi%ly = its own advantage1 & w get :at x wants if x c4 ,c4 ,if :at8 ,f4 ,if x c4 ,h[ comes x !n t sometimes x _c8 ,simply because all are n ( equal /r5g?1 & ! weak] mu/ g to ! wall4 ,c4 ,y seem to gloat ov] y\r devili% /atem5t4 ,f4 ,gloat or no gloat1 is x true or no8 ,i am n "o ( ^? 8,:o w\ld unnaturally bett] ,nature ,by mak+ out t t :i* is1 is n40 ,if ! law ( ,nature is 8/ruggle10 x is bett] to look ! matt] 9 ! face & adapt y\rself to ! conditions ( y\r exi/5ce4 ,nature w n b[ to y1 nei!r w y m5d matt]s by patt+ h] on ! back & tell+ h] t %e is n s black z %e is pa9t$4 ,my de> fell[1 my de> s5tim5tal fri5d1 d y eat roa/ beef or roa/ mutton8 ,c4 ,drop t *aff & g back to ! matt] 9 h&4 ,f4 ,to cont9ue !n ) ! cats4 ,fam9e comes & te/s !m1 s to speak2 ! weak]1 ! less active1 ! less cunn+1 & ! less endur+ cats get kill$ (f1 & only ! /ronge/ & sm>te/ cats survive2 !re w be no fav\ritism %[n to animals 9 a /ate ( ,nature2 !y w be weigh$ 9 ! balance1 & ! weight ( a hair w sometimes decide :e!r !y %all be f\nd want+ or no4 ,?is be+ ! case1 ! cats hav+ be5 ?us naturally cull$ & ! /rong] hav+ be5 pres]v$1 !re w be a gradual t5d5cy to improve manife/$ among ! cats1 ev5 z among our own mobs ( %eep c>eful cull+ t5ds to improve ! flock4 ,c4 ,?is1 too1 is obvi\s4 ,f4 ,ext5d ?is to all animals & plants1 & ! same ?+ w hold good conc]n+ !m all4 ,i %all n[ *ange ! gr\nd & dem& ass5t to ano!r /atem5t4 ,y "k t ?\gh ! (fspr+ ( all plants & animals is 9 ! ma9 l ! p>5t1 yet t 9 almo/ e in/ance slight deviations occur1 & t sometimes !re is ev5 consid]able div]g5ce f ! p>5t type4 ,x mu/ also be admitt$ t ^! slight v>iations are (t51 or at lea/ sometimes1 capable ( be+ p]petuat$ by inh]itance4 ,inde$1 x is only 9 consequ5ce ( ?is fact t our %eep & cattle h be5 capable ( s mu* improvem5t4 ,c4 ,i admit ?is4 ,f4 ,!n ! :ole matt] lies 9 a nut%ell4 ,suppose t hundr$s ( millions ( ye>s ago !re exi/$ ^u ?is e>? a s+le primordial =m ( ! v l[e/ life1 or suppose t ?ree or f\r su* primordial =ms exi/$4 ,*ange ( climate1 ( food1 ( any ( ! circum/ances :i* surr\nd$ any memb] ( ?is fir/ & l[e/ class ( life w\ld t5d to alt] x 9 "s slight mann]1 & ! alt]ation w\ld h a t5d5cy to p]petuate itself by inh]itance4 ,_m failures w\ld d\btless occur1 b ) ! lapse ( "t slight deviations w\ld und\bt$ly become p]man5t & inh]itable1 ^? alone be+ p]petuat$ :i* 7 b5eficial to individuals 9 :om !y appe>$4 ,repeat ! process ) ea* deviation & we %all aga9 obta9 div]g5ces 79 ! c\rse ( ages7 diff]+ m /rongly f ! ance/ral =m1 & aga9 ^? t enable _! possessor to /ruggle = exi/5ce mo/ effici5tly w be pres]v$4 ,repeat ?is process = millions & millions ( ye>s1 &1 z x is impossible to assign any limit to v>iability1 x w\ld seem z ?\gh ! pres5t div]sities ( species mu/ c]ta9ly h come ab\t soon] or lat]1 & t o!r div]g5ces w cont9ue to come ab\t to ! end ( "t4 ,! great ag5t 9 ?is developm5t ( life has be5 competition4 ,?is has cull$ species aft] species1 & secur$ t ^? alone %\ld survive :i* 7 be/ fitt$ = ! conditions by :i* !y f\nd !mselves surr\nd$4 ,endeav\r to take a bird's-eye view ( ! :ole matt]4 ,see battle aft] battle1 fir/ 9 "o "p ( ! _w1 !n 9 ano!r1 sometimes rag+ m fi]cely & sometimes less2 ev5 z 9 human affairs w> has always exi/$ 9 "s "p ( ! _w f ! e>lie/ kn[n p]iods1 & probably always w exi/4 ,:ile a species is conqu]+ 9 "o "p ( ! _w x is be+ subdu$ 9 ano!r1 & :ile its conqu]ors are indulg+ 9 _! triumph d[n comes ! fiat = _! be+ cull$ & draft$ out1 "s to life & "s to dea?1 & s =? ad inf9itum4 ,c4 ,x is v horrid4 ,f4 ,no m horrid ?an t y %\ld eat roa/ mutton or boil$ beef4 ,c4 ,b x is utt]ly subv]sive ( ,*ri/ianity2 = if ?is !ory is true ! fall ( man is entirely fabul\s2 & if ! fall1 !n ! r$emption1 ^! two be+ insep>ably b\nd toge!r4 ,f4 ,my de> fri5d1 !re ,i am n b\nd to foll[ y4 ,i believe 9 ,*ri/ianity1 & ,i believe 9 ,d>w94 ,! two appe> irreconcilable4 ,my answ] to ^? :o accuse me ( inconsi/5cy is1 t bo? be+ und\bt$ly true1 ! "o mu/ be reconcilable ) ! o!r1 & t ! impossibility ( reconcil+ !m mu/ be only app>5t & tempor>y1 n real4 ,! reconciliation w nev] be effect$ by plan+ a little (f ! "o & a little (f ! o!r & !n glu+ !m toge!r ) glue4 ,p w n /& ?is sort ( deal+1 & ! rejection ( ! "o tru? or ( ! o!r is sure to foll[ ^u any su* attempt be+ p]si/$ 94 ,! true c\rse is to use ! free/ c&\r 9 ! ackn[l$gm5t ( ! difficulty2 to e/imate precisely its real value1 & obta9 a correct k ( its precise =m4 ,!n & !n only is !re a *ance ( any satisfactory result be+ obta9$4 ,= unless ! exact nature ( ! difficulty be kn[n fir/1 :o c attempt to remove x8 ,let me re-/ate ! matt] once aga94 ,all animals & plants 9 a /ate ( ,nature are und]go+ con/ant competition = ! necess>ies ( life4 ,^? t c hold _! gr\nd hold x2 ^? t _c hold x are de/roy$4 ,b z x also happ5s t slight *anges ( food1 ( habit1 ( climate1 ( circumjac5t accid5t1 & s =?1 produce a slight t5d5cy to v>y 9 ! (fspr+ ( any plant or animal1 x foll[s t among ^! slight v>iations "s may be fav\rable to ! individual 9 :om !y appe>1 & may place him 9 a bett] position ?an 8 fell[s z reg>ds ! enemies ) :om 8 int]e/s come into collision4 ,9 ?is case he w h a bett] *ance ( surviv+ ?an 8 fell[s2 he w ?us /& also a bett] *ance ( cont9u+ ! species1 & 9 8 (fspr+ 8 own slight div]g5ce f ! p>5t type w be apt to appe>4 ,h[ev] slight ! div]g5ce1 if x be b5eficial to ! individual x is likely to pres]ve ! individual & to reappe> 9 8 (fspr+1 & ?is process may be repeat$ ad inf9itum4 ,once grant ^! two ?+s1 & ! re/ is a m]e matt] ( "t & degree4 ,t ! imm5se diff]5ces betwe5 ! camel & ! pig %\ld h come ab\t 9 six ?\s& ye>s is n believable2 b 9 six hundr$ million ye>s x is n incr$ible1 m especially :5 we consid] t by ! assi/ance ( geology a v p]fect *a9 has be5 =m$ betwe5 ! two4 ,let ?is in/ance suffice4 ,once grant ! pr9ciples1 once grant t competition is a great p[] 9 ,nature1 & t *anges ( circum/ances & habits produce a t5d5cy to v>iation 9 ! (fspr+ 7no matt] h[ slight su* v>iation may be71 & unless y c def9e ! possible limit ( su* v>iation dur+ an inf9ite s]ies ( g5]ations1 unless y c %[ t !re is a limit1 & t ,d>w9's !ory ov]-/eps x1 y h no "r to reject 8 conclusions4 ,z = ! objections to ! !ory1 ,d>w9 has treat$ !m ) admirable c&\r1 & our "t is too brief to ent] into !m "h4 ,my recomm5dation to y is t y %\ld read ! book aga94 ,c4 ,?ank y1 b = my own "p ,i confess to c>+ v little :e!r my million? ance/or 0 a gorilla or no2 & z ,d>w9's book does n please me1 ,i %all n tr\ble myself fur!r ab\t ! matt]4 ,b>rel-,organs ,f ! ,press1 #ag ,janu>y1 #ahfc4 ,dugald ,/ew>t 9 8 ,diss]tation on ! ,progress ( ,metaphysics says3 8,on reflect+ on ! repeat$ reproduction ( anci5t p>adoxes by mod]n au?ors "o is almo/ tempt$ to suppose t human inv5tion is limit$1 l a b>rel-organ1 to a specific numb] ( tunes40 ,x w\ld be a v amus+ & in/ructive task = a man ( read+ & reflection to note d[n ! in/ances he meets ) ( ^! old tunes com+ up aga9 & aga9 9 regul> succession ) h>dly any *ange ( note1 & ) all ! old hit*es & involunt>y squeaks t ! b>rel-organ _h play$ 9 days gone by4 ,x is mo/ amus+ to see ! old quotations repeat$ ye> aft] ye> & volume aft] volume1 till at la/ "s m c>eful enquir] turns to ! passage ref]r$ to & f9ds t !y h all be5 tak5 9 & h foll[$ ! lead ( ! fir/ d>+ inv5tor ( ! mis-/atem5t4 ,hallam has _h ! c\rage1 9 ! supplem5t to 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,middle ,ages1 p4 #cih1 to ackn[l$ge an error ( ?is sort t he has be5 l$ into4 ,b ! p>ticul> in/ance ( b>rel-organism t is pres5t to our m9ds j n[ is ! ,d>w9ian !ory ( ! developm5t ( species by natural selection1 ( :i* we he> s mu*4 ,?is is no?+ new1 b a r*auffe ( ! old /ory t 8 namesake1 ,dr4 ,d>w91 s]v$ up 9 ! end ( ! la/ c5tury to ,prie/ley & 8 admir]s1 & ,"l ,monboddo _h cook$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! same c5tury4 ,we h all he>d ( 8 !ory t man 0 develop$ directly f ! monkey1 & t we all lo/ our tails by sitt+ too mu* ^u t app5dage4 ,we le>n f t same great & cauti\s writ] ,hallam 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,lit]ature t !re are traces ( ?is !ory & ( o!r popul> !ories ( ! pres5t day 9 ! works ( ,giordano ,bruno1 ! ,neapolitan :o 0 burnt at ,rome by ! ,inquisition 9 #afjj4 ,x is curi\s to read ! titles ( 8 works & to ?9k ( ,dugald ,/ew>t's rem>k ab\t b>rel-organs4 ,= in/ance he wrote on 8,! ,plurality ( ,worlds10 & on ! univ]sal 8,monad10 a "n famili> en\gh to ! read]s ( ,ve/iges ( ,creation4 ,he 0 a ,pan!i/1 &1 z ,hallam says1 borr[$ all 8 !ories f ! eclectic philosoph]s1 f ,plot9us & ! ,neo-,platoni/s1 & ultimately !y 7 no d\bt ( ,ori5tal orig94 ,?is is j :at has be5 %[n aga9 & aga9 to be ! hi/ory ( ,g]man ,pan!ism2 x is a m]e b>rel-organ repetition ( ! ,brahman metaphysics f\nd 9 ,h9du cosmogonies4 ,bruno's !ory reg>d+ developm5t ( species 0 9 ,hallam's words3 8,!re is no?+ s small or s unimportant b t a portion ( _s dwells 9 x2 & ?is spiritual sub/ance requires a prop] subject to become a plant or an animal02 & ,hallam 9 a note on ?is passage obs]ves h[ ! mod]n !ories ( equivocal g5]ation correspond ) ,bruno's4 ,no d\bt ,hallam is "r 9 say+ t !y are all ( ,ori5tal orig94 ,py?agoras borr[$ f !nce 8 k9dr$ !ory ( ! metempsy*osis1 or transmigration ( s\ls4 ,b he 0 m consi/5t ?an mod]n philosoph]s2 he recognis$ a d[nw>d developm5t z well z an upw>d1 & made morality & immorality ! crisis & turn+-po9t ( *ange--a bold lion develop$ into a brave w>rior1 a drunk5 sot develop$ into a wall[+ pig1 & ,d>w9's slave-mak+ ants1 p4 #bai1 w\ld h be5 =m]ly ,virg9ian cotton & tobacco gr[]s4 ,p]haps ,prome!us 0 ! fir/ ,d>w9 ( antiquity1 = he is said to h begun 8 creation f bel[1 & aft] pass+ f ! inv]tebrate to ! sub-v]tebrate1 f !nce to ! backbone1 f ! backbone to ! mammalia1 & f ! mammalia to ! manco-c]ebral1 he comp\nd$ man ( ea* & all3-- ,f]tur ,prome!us add]e pr9cipi ,limo coactus p>ticulam undique ,desectam et insani leonis ,vim /oma*o apposuisse no/ro4 ,"o ^w m ab\t b>rel-organs4 ,we h he>d on ! und\bt$ au?ority ( e> & eyewitnesses1 t 9 a neighb\r+ prov9ce !re is a *ur* :]e ! psalms are sung to a b>rel-organ1 b un=tunately ! psalm tunes come 9 ! middle ( ! set1 & ! jigs & waltzes h to be play$ ?r\gh be=e ! psalm c />t4 ,j s is x ) ,d>w9ism & all simil> !ories4 ,all 8 fantasias1 z we saw 9 a late article1 are made to come r\nd at la/ to religi\s que/ions1 ) :i* really & truly !y h no?+ to d1 b 7 x n = _! suppos$ effect ^u religion1 no "o w\ld wa/e 8 "t 9 read+ ab\t ! possibility ( ,pol> be>s swimm+ ab\t & cat*+ flies s long t !y at la/ get ! f9s !y wi% =4 ,d>w9 on ,species ,f ! ,press1 #ba ,febru>y1 #ahfc4 ,to ! ,editor ( ! ,press4 ,sir--,9 two ( y\r numb]s y h already tak5 notice ( ,d>w9's !ory ( ! orig9 ( species2 ,i w\ld v5ture to trespass ^u y\r space 9 ord] to criticise briefly bo? y\r notices4 ,! fir/ is evid5tly ! composition ( a w>m adh]5t ( ! !ory 9 "q2 ! writ] ov]looks all ! real difficulties 9 ! way ( accept+ x1 &1 caught by ! obvi\s tru? ( mu* t ,d>w9 says1 has ru%$ to ! conclusion t all is equally true4 ,he writes ) ! tone ( a p>tisan1 ( "o defici5t 9 sci5tific caution1 & f ! frequ5t repetition ( ! same ideas manife/ 9 8 dialogue "o w\ld be l$ to suspect t he 0 b little v]s$ 9 habits ( lit]>y composition & philosophical argum5t4 ,yet he may fairly claim ! m]it ( hav+ writt5 9 e>ne/4 ,he has treat$ a s]i\s subject s]i\sly accord+ to 8 lights2 & ?\gh 8 lights are n brilliant ones1 yet he has app>5tly done 8 be/ to %[ ! !ory on :i* he is writ+ 9 its mo/ fav\rable aspect4 ,he is ra%1 evid5tly well satisfi$ ) himself1 v possibly mi/ak51 & j "o ( ^? p]sons :o 7)\t int5d+ x7 are m apt to mislead ?an to lead ! few p t put _! tru/ 9 !m4 ,a few w always foll[ !m1 = a /rong fai? is always m or less impressive ^u p]sons :o are too weak to h any def9ite & orig9al fai? ( _! own4 ,! second writ]1 h[ev]1 assumes a v diff]5t tone4 ,8 argum5ts to all practical int5ts & purposes run z foll[s3-- ,old fallacies are con/antly recurr+4 ,!re=e ,d>w9's !ory is a fallacy4 ,!y come aga9 & aga91 l tunes 9 a b>rel-organ4 ,!re=e ,d>w9's !ory is a fallacy4 ,hallam made a mi/ake1 & 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,middle ,ages1 p4 #cih1 he corrects himself4 ,!re=e ,d>w9's !ory is wrong4 ,dr4 ,d>w9 9 ! la/ c5tury said ! same ?+ z 8 son or gr&son says n[--w ! writ] ( ! article ref] to any?+ be>+ on natural selection & ! /ruggle = exi/5ce 9 ,dr4 ,d>w9's "w8--& a fooli% nobleman said some?+ fooli% ab\t monkey's tails4 ,!re=e ,d>w9's !ory is wrong4 ,giordano ,bruno 0 burnt 9 ! ye> #afjj ,a4,d42 he 0 a ,pan!i/2 !re=e ,d>w9's !ory is wrong4 ,& f9ally1 z a cl9*+ argum5t1 9 "o ( ! neighb\r+ settlem5ts !re is a b>rel-organ :i* plays its psalm tunes 9 ! middle ( its jigs & waltzes4 ,aft] ?is all l+]+ d\bts conc]n+ ! falsehood ( ,d>w9's !ory mu/ be at an end1 & any p]son ( ord9>y common s5se mu/ admit t ! !ory ( developm5t by natural selection is unw>rant$ by exp]i5ce & reason4 ,! articles conclude ) an impli$ /atem5t t ,d>w9 supposes ! ,pol> be> to swim ab\t cat*+ flies = s long a p]iod t at la/ x gets ! f9s x wi%es =4 ,n[1 h[ev] sceptical ,i may yet feel ab\t ! tru? ( all ,d>w9's !ory1 ,i _c sit quietly by & see him misrepres5t$ 9 su* a sc&al\sly slov5ly mann]4 ,:at ,d>w9 does say is t sometimes div]sifi$ & *ang$ habits may be obs]v$ 9 individuals ( ! same species2 t is t !re are ecc5tric animals j z !re are ecc5tric m54 ,he adduces a few in/ances & w9ds up by say+ t 89 ,nor? ,am]ica ! black be> 0 se5 by ,he>ne swimm+ = h\rs ) widely op5 m\?1 ?us cat*+--almo/ l a :ale--insects 9 ! wat]40 ,?is & no?+ m4 7,see pp4 #bja & #bjb47 ,because ,d>w9 says t a be> ( r ecc5tric habits happ5$ to be se5 by ,he>ne swimm+ = h\rs & cat*+ insects almo/ l a :ale1 y\r writ] 7) a c>elessness h>dly to be repreh5d$ 9 suffici5tly /rong t]ms7 ass]ts by implication t ,d>w9 supposes ! :ale to be develop$ f ! be> by ! latt] hav+ _h a /rong desire to possess f9s4 ,?is is disgraceful4 ,i c h>dly be mi/ak5 9 suppos+ t ,i h quot$ ! passage y\r writ] alludes to4 ,%\ld ,i be 9 error1 ,i tru/ he w give ! ref]5ce to ! place 9 :i* ,d>w9 is guilty ( ! nons5se t is fa!r$ ^u him 9 y\r article4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t !re h be5 few great inv5tions 9 physics or discov]ies 9 sci5ce :i* h n be5 =e%ad[$ to a c]ta9 ext5t by speculators :o 7 inde$ mi/ak51 b 7 yet m or less on ! "r sc5t4 ,day is h]ald$ by dawn1 ,apollo by ,aurora1 & ?us x (t5 happ5s t a real discov]y may we> to ! c>eless obs]v] mu* ! same appe>ance z an explod$ fallacy1 :]eas 9 fact x is widely diff]5t4 ,z mu* caution is due 9 ! rejection ( a !ory z 9 ! acceptation ( x4 ,! fir/ ( y\r writ]s is too ha/y 9 accept+1 ! second 9 refus+ ev5 a c&id exam9ation4 ,n[1 :5 ! ,saturday ,review1 ! ,cornhill ,magaz9e1 ,once a ,week1 & ,macmillan's ,magaz9e1 n to m5tion o!r p]iodicals1 h ei!r actually & completely z 9 ! case ( ! fir/ two1 provisionally z 9 ! la/ m5tion$1 giv5 _! adh]5ce to ! !ory 9 "q1 x may be tak5 = grant$ t ! argum5ts 9 its fav\r are suffici5tly speci\s to h attract$ ! att5tion & approbation ( a consid]able numb] ( well-educat$ m5 9 ,engl&4 ,?ree mon?s ago ! !ory ( developm5t by natural selection 0 op5ly support$ by ,pr(essor ,huxley be=e ! ,briti% ,association at ,cambridge4 ,i am n adduc+ ,pr(essor ,huxley's advocacy z a pro( t ,d>w9 is "r 7inde$1 ,ow5 oppos$ him too? & nail71 b z a pro( t !re is suffici5t to be said on ,d>w9's side to dem& m respectful att5tion ?an y\r la/ writ] has ?\ght x wor? :ile to give x4 ,a !ory :i* ! ,briti% ,association is discuss+ ) great c>e 9 ,engl& is n to be set d[n by (f-h& nicknames 9 ,cant]bury4 ,to ^?1 h[ev]1 :o d feel an int]e/ 9 ! "q1 ,i w\ld v5ture to give a ^w or two ( advice4 ,i w\ld /rongly deprecate =m+ a hurri$ op9ion = or aga9/ ! !ory4 ,naturali/s 9 ,europe are canvass+ ! matt] ) ! utmo/ dilig5ce1 & a few ye>s mu/ %[ :e!r !y w accept ! !ory or no4 ,x is plausible2 t c be decid$ by no "o4 ,:e!r x is true or no c be decid$ only among naturali/s !mselves4 ,we are outsid]s1 & mo/ ( u mu/ be cont5t to sit on ! /airs till ! great m5 come =? & give u ! b5efit ( _! op9ion4 ,i am1 ,sir1 ,y\r ob$i5t s]vant1 ,a4 ,m4 ,d>w9 on ,species ,f ! ,press1 ,m>* #ad?1 #ahfc4 ,to ! ,editor ( ! ,press4 ,sir--,a correspond5t sign+ himself 8,a4 ,m40 9 ! issue ( ,febru>y #ba/ says3--8,w ! writ] 7( an article on b>rel-organs7 ref] to any?+ be>+ ^u natural selection & ! /ruggle = exi/5ce 9 ,dr4 ,d>w9's "w80 ,?is is "o ( ! trade =ms by :i* writ]s imply t !re is no su* passage1 & yet leave a loophole if !y are prov$ wrong4 ,i w1 h[ev]1 furni% him ) a passage f ! notes ( ,d>w9's ,botanic ,g>d53-- 8,i am acqua9t$ ) a philosoph] :o1 contemplat+ ?is subject1 ?9ks x n impossible t ! fir/ insects 7 an!rs or /igmas ( fl[]s1 :i* _h by "s means loos$ !mselves f _! p>5t plant2 & t _m insects h gradually 9 long process ( "t be5 =m$ f ^!1 "s acquir+ w+s1 o!rs f9s1 & o!rs claws1 f _! ceaseless ef=ts to procure _! food or to secure !mselves f injury4 ,! an!rs or /igmas are !re=e sep>ate be+s40 ,?is passage conta9s ! g]m ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,d>w9's !ory ( ! orig9 ( species by natural selection3-- 8,analogy w\ld lead me to ! belief t all animals & plants h desc5d$ f "o prototype40 ,"h are a few specim5s1 8 illu/rations ( ! !ory3-- 8,!re seems to me no great difficulty 9 believ+ t natural selection has actually conv]t$ a swim-bladd] into a lung or organ us$ exclusively = respiration40 8,a swim-bladd] has app>5tly be5 conv]t$ into an air-brea?+ lung40 8,we mu/ be cauti\s 9 conclud+ t a bat c\ld n h be5 =m$ by natural selection f an animal :i* at fir/ c\ld only glide ?r\gh ! air40 8,i c see no insup]able difficulty 9 fur!r believ+ x possible t ! membrane-connect$ f+]s & =e>m ( ! galeopi!cus might be greatly l5g!n$ by natural selection1 & ?is1 z f> z ! organs ( flight are conc]n$1 w\ld conv]t x into a bat40 8,! framework ( bones be+ ! same 9 ! h& ( a man1 w+ ( a bat1 f9 ( a porpoise1 & leg ( a horse1 ! same numb] ( v]tebr =m+ ! neck ( ! giraffe & ( ! elephant1 & innum]able o!r su* facts1 at once expla9 !mselves on ! !ory ( desc5t ) sl[ & slight successive modifications40 ,i d n mean to g ?r\gh y\r correspond5t's lett]1 o!rwise 8,i c\ld h>dly repreh5d 9 suffici5tly /rong t]ms0 7& all t sort ( ?+7 ! p]v]sion ( :at ,i said ab\t ,giordano ,bruno4 ,b 8ex uno disce omnes0--,i am1 etc41 8,,! ,,savoy>d40 ,d>w9 on ,species ,f ! ,press1 #ah ,m>*1 #ahfc4 ,to ! ,editor ( ! ,press4 ,sir--,! 8,savoy>d0 ( la/ ,saturday has %[n t he has p]us$ ,d>w9's ,botanic ,g>d5 ) great] att5tion ?an myself4 ,i am oblig$ to him = 8 correction ( my c>elessness1 & h n ! smalle/ desire to make use ( any loopholes to avoid be+ 8prov$ wrong40 ,let1 !n1 ! 8,savoy>d's0 ass]tion t ,dr4 ,d>w9 _h to a c]ta9 ext5t =e/all$ ,mr4 ,c4 ,d>w9 /&1 & let my impli$ d5ial t 9 ! old] ,d>w9's works passages be>+ on natural selection1 or ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 c\ld be f\nd1 g = n\ght1 or r let x be set d[n aga9/ me4 ,:at foll[s8 ,has ! 8,savoy>d0 7suppos+ him to be ! au?or ( ! article on b>rel-organs7 adduc$ "o p>ticle ( real argum5t ! m to %[ t ! real ,d>w9's !ory is wrong8 ,! eld] ,d>w9 writes 9 a note t 8he is acqua9t$ ) a philosoph] :o ?9ks x n impossible t ! fir/ insects 7 ! an!rs or /igmas ( fl[]s1 :i* by "s means1 etc4 etc40 ,?is is m]e speculation1 n a def9ite !ory1 & ?\gh ! passage above z quot$ by ! 8,savoy>d0 c]ta9ly does conta9 ! g]m ( ,d>w9's !ory1 :at is x m ?an ! crude/ & mo/ un%ap5 g]m8 ,& 9 :at conceivable way does ?is discov]y ( ! egg invalidate ! excell5ce ( ! *ick58 ,0 !re ev] a great !ory yet :i* 0 n m or less develop$ f previ\s speculations :i* 7 all to a c]ta9 ext5t wrong1 & all ridicul$1 p]haps n undes]v$ly1 at ! "t ( _! appe>ance8 ,!re is a wide diff]5ce betwe5 a speculation & a !ory4 ,a speculation involves ! notion ( a man climb+ into a l(ty position1 & descry+ a some:at remote object :i* he _c fully make out4 ,a !ory implies t ! !ori/ has look$ long & /eadfa/ly till he is cle> 9 8 own m9d conc]n+ ! nature ( ! ?+ :i* he is behold+4 ,i submit t ! 8,savoy>d0 has unfairly made use ( ! failure ( c]ta9 speculations 9 ord] to %[ t a di/9ct !ory is unt5able4 ,let x be grant$ t ,d>w9's !ory has be5 =e%ad[$ by num]\s previ\s writ]s4 ,grant ! 8,savoy>d0 8 ,giordano ,bruno1 & give full weight to ! b>rel-organ 9 a neighb\r+ settlem5t1 ,i w\ld /ill ask1 has ! !ory ( natural developm5t ( species ev] be5 plac$ 9 any?+ approa*+ its pres5t cle> & connect$ =m be=e ! appe>ance ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's book8 ,has x ev] receiv$ ! full att5tion ( ! sci5tific _w z a duly organis$ !ory1 "o pres5t$ 9 a tangible %ape & dem&+ inve/igation1 z ! conclusion arriv$ at by a man ( kn[n sci5tific atta9m5ts aft] ye>s ( pati5t toil8 ,! up%ot ( ! b>rel-organs article 0 to answ] ?is "q 9 ! affirmative & to pooh-pooh all fur!r discussion4 ,x w\ld be m]e presumption on my "p ei!r to attack or def5d ,d>w91 b my indignation 0 r\s$ at see+ him misrepres5t$ & treat$ disda9fully4 ,i w\ld wi%1 too1 t ! 8,savoy>d0 w\ld h condesc5d$ to notice t little matt] ( ! be>4 ,i h se>*$ my copy ( ,d>w9 aga9 & aga9 to f9d any?+ relat+ to ! subject except :at ,i h quot$ 9 my previ\s lett]4 ,i am1 ,sir1 y\r ob$i5t s]vant1 ,a4 ,m4 ,d>w9 on ,species ,f ! ,press1 ,april #aa?1 #ahfc4 ,to ! ,editor ( ! ,press4 ,sir--,y\r correspond5t 8,a4 ,m40 is p]t9aci\s on ! subject ( ! be> be+ *ang$ into a :ale1 :i* ,i said ,d>w9 contemplat$ z n impossible4 ,i did n take ! tr\ble 9 any =m] lett] to answ] him on t po9t1 z 8 language 0 s intemp]ate4 ,he has modifi$ 8 tone 9 8 la/ lett]1 & really seems op5 to ! conviction t he may be ! 8c>eless0 writ] aft] all2 & s on reflection ,i h det]m9$ to give him ! opportunity ( do+ me ju/ice4 ,9 8 lett] ( ,febru>y #ba he says3 8,i _c sit by & see ,d>w9 misrepres5t$ 9 su* a sc&al\sly slov5ly mann]4 ,:at ,d>w9 does say is #8t ,,sometimes div]sifi$ & *ang$ habits may be obs]v$ 9 individuals ( ! same species2 t is1 t !re are c]ta9 ecc5tric animals z !re are c]ta9 ecc5tric m54 ,he adduces a few in/ances1 & w9ds up by say+ t 9 ,nor? ,am]ica ! black be> 0 se5 by ,he>ne swimm+ = h\rs ) widely op5 m\?1 ?us cat*+1 ,,almo/ ,,l ,a ,,:ale1 insects 9 ! wat]4' ,,?is1 ,,& ,,no?+ ,,m1 pp4 #bja1 #bjb40 ,!n foll[s a passage ab\t my c>elessness1 :i* 7he says7 is h>dly to be repreh5d$ 9 suffici5tly /rong t]ms1 & he ends ) say+3 8,?is is disgraceful40 ,n[ y may well suppose t ,i 0 a little puzzl$ at ! seem+ audacity ( a writ] :o %\ld adopt ?is /yle1 :5 ! words :i* foll[ 8 quotation f ,d>w9 are 79 ! edition f :i* ,i quot$7 z foll[s3 8,ev5 9 s extreme a case z ?is1 if ! supply ( insects 7 con/ant1 & if bett] adapt$ competitors did n already exi/ 9 ! c\ntry1 ,i c see no difficulty 9 a race ( be>s be+ r5d]$ by natural selection m & m aquatic 9 _! /ructure & habits1 ) l>g] & l>g] m\?s1 till a creature 0 produc$ z mon/r\s z a :ale40 ,n[ ?is passage 0 a rem>kable in/ance ( ! idea t ,i 0 illu/rat+ 9 ! article on 8,b>rel-organs10 because ,buffon 9 8 ,hi/oire ,naturelle _h conceiv$ a !ory ( deg5]acy 7! exact conv]se ( ,d>w9's !ory ( asc5sion7 by :i* ! be> might pass into a seal1 & t into a :ale4 ,tru/+ n[ to ! fairness ( 8,a4 ,m40 ,i leave to him to say :e!r he has quot$ f ! same edition z ,i h1 & :e!r ! additional words ,i h quot$ are 9 8 edition1 & if s :e!r he has n be5 guilty ( a great inju/ice to me2 & if !y are n 9 8 edition1 :e!r he has n be5 guilty ( great ha/e & 8c>elessness0 9 tak+ = grant$ t ,i h act$ 9 s 8disgraceful0 a mann]4 ,i am1 ,sir1 etc41 8,! ,savoy>d10 or play] on ,b>rel-organs4 7,! p>agraph 9 "q has be5 ! occasion ( mu* discussion4 ,! only edition 9 our h&s is ! ?ird1 sev5? ?\s&1 :i* conta9s ! p>agraph z quot$ by 8,a4 ,m40 ,we h he>d t x is diff]5t 9 e>li] editions1 b h n be5 able to f9d "o4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 8,a4 ,m40 & 8,! ,savoy>d0 is cle>ly "o ( diff]5t editions4 ,d>w9 appe>s to h be5 a%am$ ( ! inconsequ5t inf]5ce sugge/$1 & to h )drawn x4--,ed4 ! ,press47 ,d>w9 on ,species ,f ! ,press1 #bbnd ,june1 #ahfc4 ,to ! ,editor ( ! ,press4 ,sir--,i extract ! foll[+ f an article 9 ! ,saturday ,review ( ,janu>y #aj1 #ahfc1 on ! v]tebrat$ animals ( ! ,zoological ,g>d5s4 8,z reg>ds ! ducks1 = example1 int]-bre$+ goes on to a v great ext5t among ne>ly all ! g5]a1 :i* are well repres5t$ 9 ! collection4 ,we ?9k x un=tunate t ! details ( ^! crosses h n hi!rto be5 made public4 ,! ,zoological ,society has exi/$ ab\t ?irty-five ye>s1 & we imag9e t evid5ce mu/ h be5 accumulat$ almo/ en\gh to make or m> t "p ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's well-kn[n argum5t :i* re/s on :at is kn[n ( ! ph5om5a ( hybridism4 ,! pres5t li/ reveals only "o fact be>+ on ! subject1 b t is a notewor?y "o1 = x completely ov]?r[s ! commonly accept$ !ory t ! mix$ (fspr+ ( diff]5t species are inf]tile int] se4 ,at page #ae 7( ! li/ ( v]tebrat$ animals liv+ 9 ! g>d5s ( ! ,zoological ,society ( ,london1 ,longman & ,co41 #ahfb7 we f9d enum]at$ ?ree examples ( hybrids betwe5 two p]fectly di/9ct species1 & ev51 accord+ to mod]n classification1 betwe5 two di/9ct g5]a ( ducks1 = ?ree or f\r g5]ations4 ,!re c be little d\bt t a s]ies ( rese>*es 9 ?is bran* ( exp]im5tal physiology1 :i* might be c>ri$ on at no great loss1 w\ld place zoologi/s 9 a f> bett] position ) reg>d to a subject :i* is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ if n "o ( ! mo/ important 9 natural hi/ory40 ,i fe> t bo? y & y\r read]s w be dead sick ( ,d>w91 b ! above is wor?y ( notice4 ,my complim5ts to ! 8,savoy>d40 ,y\r ob$i5t s]vant1 ,may #ag?4 ,a4 ,m4 ,d>w9 ,among ! ,ma*9es 8,d>w9 ,among ! ,ma*9es0 orig9ally appe>$ 9 ! ,*ri/ ,*ur* ,,press1 #ac ,june1 #ahfc4 ,x 0 repr9t$ by ,mr4 ,fe/+ ,jones 9 8 edition ( ,,! ,,note-,,books ,,( ,,samuel ,,butl] 7,fifield1 ,london1 #aiab1 ,k5n]ley1 ,new ,york71 ) a prefatory note po9t+ out its connection ) ! g5esis ( ,,ere:on1 to :i* read]s desir\s ( fur!r in=mation may be ref]r$4 ,to ! ,editor ( ! ,press1 ,*ri/*ur*1 ,new ,zeal&1 #ac ,june1 #ahfc4 ,,sir--,!re are few ?+s ( :i* ! pres5t g5]ation is m ju/ly pr\d ?an ( ! wond]ful improvem5ts :i* are daily tak+ place 9 all sorts ( me*anical appliances4 ,& inde$ x is matt] = great congratulation on _m gr\nds4 ,x is unnecess>y to m5tion ^! "h1 = !y are suffici5tly obvi\s2 our pres5t bus9ess lies ) consid]ations :i* may some:at t5d to humble our pride & to make u ?9k s]i\sly ( ! future prospects ( ! human race4 ,if we rev]t to ! e>lie/ primordial types ( me*anical life1 to ! lev]1 ! w$ge1 ! incl9$ plane1 ! screw & ! pulley1 or 7= analogy w\ld lead u "o /ep fur!r7 to t "o primordial type f :i* all ! me*anical k+dom has be5 develop$1 we mean to ! lev] itself1 & if we !n exam9e ! ma*9]y ( ! ,great ,ea/]n1 we f9d ourselves almo/ awe/ruck at ! va/ developm5t ( ! me*anical _w1 at ! gigantic /rides ) :i* x has advanc$ 9 comp>ison ) ! sl[ progress ( ! animal & vegetable k+dom4 ,we %all f9d x impossible to refra9 f ask+ ourselves :at ! end ( ?is mighty movem5t is to be4 ,9 :at direction is x t5d+8 ,:at w be its up%ot8 ,to give a few imp]fect h9ts t[>ds a solution ( ^! que/ions is ! object ( ! pres5t lett]4 ,we h us$ ! words 8me*anical life10 8! me*anical k+dom10 8! me*anical _w0 & s =?1 & we h done s advis$ly1 = z ! vegetable k+dom 0 sl[ly develop$ f ! m9]al1 & z 9 l mann] ! animal sup]v5$ ^u ! vegetable1 s n[ 9 ^! la/ few ages an entirely new k+dom has sprung up1 ( :i* we z yet h only se5 :at w "o day be consid]$ ! ant$iluvian prototypes ( ! race4 ,we regret deeply t our k bo? ( natural hi/ory & ( ma*9]y is too small to enable u to und]take ! gigantic task ( classify+ ma*9es into ! g5]a & sub-g5]a1 species1 v>ieties & sub-v>ieties1 & s =?1 ( trac+ ! connect+ l9ks betwe5 ma*9es ( widely diff]5t *>act]s1 ( po9t+ out h[ subs]vi5ce to ! use ( man has play$ t "p among ma*9es :i* natural selection has p]=m$ 9 ! animal & vegetable k+doms1 ( po9t+ out rudim5t>y organs #ahj :i* exi/ 9 "s few ma*9es1 feebly develop$ & p]fectly useless1 yet s]v+ to m>k desc5t f "s ance/ral type :i* has ei!r p]i%$ or be5 modifi$ into "s new phase ( me*anical exi/5ce4 ,we c only po9t out ?is field = inve/igation2 x mu/ be foll[$ by o!rs ^: education & tal5ts h be5 ( a mu* high] ord] ?an any :i* we c lay claim to4 ,"s few h9ts we h det]m9$ to v5ture ^u1 ?\gh we d s ) ! pr(\nde/ diffid5ce4 ,fir/ly1 we w\ld rem>k t z "s ( ! l[e/ ( ! v]tebrata atta9$ a f> great] size ?an has desc5d$ to _! m highly organis$ liv+ repres5tatives1 s a dim9ution 9 ! size ( ma*9es has (t5 att5d$ _! developm5t & progress4 ,take ! wat* = in/ance4 ,exam9e ! beautiful /ructure ( ! little animal1 wat* ! intellig5t play ( ! m9ute memb]s :i* compose x2 yet ?is little creature is b a developm5t ( ! cumbr\s clocks ( ! ?irte5? c5tury--x is no det]ioration f !m4 ,! day may come :5 clocks1 :i* c]ta9ly at ! pres5t day are n dim9i%+ 9 bulk1 may be entirely sup]s$$ by ! univ]sal use ( wat*es1 9 :i* case clocks w become ext9ct l ! e>li] saurians1 :ile ! wat* 7^: t5d5cy has = "s ye>s be5 r to decrease 9 size ?an ! contr>y7 w rema9 ! only exi/+ type ( an ext9ct race4 ,! views ( ma*9]y :i* we are ?us feebly indicat+ w sugge/ ! solution ( "o ( ! greate/ & mo/ my/]i\s que/ions ( ! day4 ,we ref] to ! "q3 ,:at sort ( creature man's next successor 9 ! supremacy ( ! e>? is likely to be4 ,we h (t5 he>d ?is debat$2 b x appe>s to u t we are ourselves creat+ our own successors2 we are daily add+ to ! beauty & delicacy ( _! physical organisation2 we are daily giv+ !m great] p[] & supply+ by all sorts ( +5i\s contrivances t self-regulat+1 self-act+ p[] :i* w be to !m :at intellect has be5 to ! human race4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ages we %all f9d ourselves ! inf]ior race4 ,inf]ior 9 p[]1 inf]ior 9 t moral quality ( self-control1 we %all look up to !m z ! acme ( all t ! be/ & wise/ man c ev] d>e to aim at4 ,no evil passions1 no jeal\sy1 no av>ice1 no impure desires w di/urb ! s]5e might ( ^? glori\s creatures4 ,s91 %ame1 & sorr[ w h no place among !m4 ,_! m9ds w be 9 a /ate ( p]petual calm1 ! cont5tm5t ( a _s t kn[s no wants1 is di/urb$ by no regrets4 ,ambition w nev] torture !m4 ,+ratitude w nev] cause !m ! uneas9ess ( a mom5t4 ,! guilty consci5ce1 ! hope def]r$1 ! pa9s ( exile1 ! insol5ce ( (fice1 & ! spurns t pati5t m]it ( ! unwor?y takes--^! w be entirely unkn[n to !m4 ,if !y want 8fe$+0 7by ! use ( :i* v ^w we betray our recognition ( !m z liv+ organism7 !y w be att5d$ by pati5t slaves ^: bus9ess & int]e/ x w be to see t !y %all want = no?+4 ,if !y are out ( ord] !y w be promptly att5d$ to by physicians :o are ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) _! con/itutions2 if !y die1 = ev5 ^! glori\s animals w n be exempt f t necess>y & univ]sal consummation1 !y w imm$iately ent] into a new phase ( exi/5ce1 = :at ma*9e dies entirely 9 e "p at "o & ! same in/ant8 ,we take x t :5 ! /ate ( ?+s %all h arriv$ :i* we h be5 above attempt+ to describe1 man w h become to ! ma*9e :at ! horse & ! dog are to man4 ,he w cont9ue to exi/1 nay ev5 to improve1 & w be probably bett] (f 9 8 /ate ( dome/ication "u ! b5efic5t rule ( ! ma*9es ?an he is 9 8 pres5t wild /ate4 ,we treat our horses1 dogs1 cattle1 & %eep1 on ! :ole1 ) great k9dness2 we give !m :atev] exp]i5ce tea*es u to be be/ = !m1 & !re c be no d\bt t our use ( meat has add$ to ! happ9ess ( ! l[] animals f> m ?an x has detract$ f x2 9 l mann] x is reasonable to suppose t ! ma*9es w treat u k9dly1 = _! exi/5ce is z dep5d5t ^u ours z ours is ^u ! l[] animals4 ,!y _c kill u & eat u z we d %eep2 !y w n only require our s]vices 9 ! p>turition ( _! "y 7:i* bran* ( _! economy w rema9 always 9 our h&s71 b also 9 fe$+ !m1 9 sett+ !m "r :5 !y are sick1 & bury+ _! dead or work+ up _! corpses into new ma*9es4 ,x is obvi\s t if all ! animals 9 ,great ,brita9 save man alone 7 to die1 & if at ! same "t all int]c\rse ) =eign c\ntries 7 by "s sudd5 cata/rophe to be r5d]$ p]fectly impossible1 x is obvi\s t "u su* circum/ances ! loss ( human life w\ld be some?+ fe>ful to contemplate--9 l mann] 7 mank9d to cease1 ! ma*9es w\ld be z badly (f or ev5 worse4 ,! fact is t our int]e/s are insep>able f !irs1 & !irs f ours4 ,ea* race is dep5d5t ^u ! o!r = innum]able b5efits1 &1 until ! reproductive organs ( ! ma*9es h be5 develop$ 9 a mann] :i* we are h>dly yet able to conceive1 !y are entirely dep5d5t ^u man = ev5 ! cont9uance ( _! species4 ,x is true t ^! organs may be ultimately develop$1 inasmu* z man's int]e/ lies 9 t direction2 !re is no?+ :i* our infatuat$ race w\ld desire m ?an to see a f]tile union betwe5 two /eam eng9es2 x is true t ma*9]y is ev5 at ?is pres5t "t employ$ 9 begett+ ma*9]y1 9 becom+ ! p>5t ( ma*9es (t5 aft] its own k9d1 b ! days ( flirtation1 c\rt%ip1 & matrimony appe> to be v remote1 & inde$ c h>dly be realis$ by our feeble & imp]fect imag9ation4 ,day by day1 h[ev]1 ! ma*9es are ga9+ gr\nd ^u u2 day by day we are becom+ m subs]vi5t to !m2 m m5 are daily b\nd d[n z slaves to t5d !m1 m m5 are daily devot+ ! en]gies ( _! :ole lives to ! developm5t ( me*anical life4 ,! up%ot is simply a "q ( "t1 b t ! "t w come :5 ! ma*9es w hold ! real supremacy ov] ! _w & its inhabitants is :at no p]son ( a truly philosophic m9d c = a mom5t "q4 ,our op9ion is t w> to ! dea? %\ld be in/antly proclaim$ aga9/ !m4 ,e ma*9e ( e sort %\ld be de/roy$ by ! well-wi%] ( 8 species4 ,let !re be no exceptions made1 no qu>t] %[n2 let u at once g back to ! primeval condition ( ! race4 ,if x be urg$ t ?is is impossible "u ! pres5t condition ( human affairs1 ?is at once proves t ! mis*ief is already done1 t our s]vitude has comm5c$ 9 good e>ne/1 t we h rais$ a race ( be+s :om x is beyond our p[] to de/roy1 & t we are n only enslav$ b are absolutely acquiesc5t 9 our bondage4 ,= ! pres5t we %all leave ?is subject1 :i* we pres5t gratis to ! memb]s ( ! ,philosophical ,society4 ,%\ld !y cons5t to avail !mselves ( ! va/ field :i* we h po9t$ out1 we %all endeav\r to lab\r 9 x ourselves at "s future & indef9ite p]iod4 ,i am1 ,sir1 etc41 ,,cell>ius ,lucubratio ,ebria 8,lucubratio ,ebria10 l 8,d>w9 ,among ! ,ma*9es10 has already appe>$ 9 ,,! ,,note-,,books ,,( ,,samuel ,,butl] ) a prefatory note by ,mr4 ,fe/+ ,jones1 expla9+ its connection ) ,,ere:on & ,,life ,,& ,,habit4 ,i ne$ !re=e only repeat t x 0 writt5 by ,butl] aft] 8 return to ,engl& & s5t to ,new ,zeal&1 :]e x 0 publi%$ 9 ! ,,press on ,july #bi1 #ahfe4 ,f ! ,press1 #bi ,july1 #ahfe4 ,,!re is a p]iod 9 ! ev5+1 or m g5]ally t[>ds ! /ill small h\rs ( ! morn+1 9 :i* we s f> unb5d z to take a s+le glass ( hot :isky & wat]4 ,we w nei!r def5d ! practice nor excuse x4 ,we /ate x z a fact :i* mu/ be borne 9 m9d by ! read]s ( ?is article2 = we "k n h[1 :e!r x be ! inspiration ( ! dr9k or ! relief f ! h>ass+ "w ) :i* ! day has be5 occupi$ or f :atev] o!r cause1 yet we are c]ta9ly liable ab\t ?is "t to su* a prophetic influ5ce z we seldom else exp]i5ce4 ,we are rapt 9 a dream su* z we ourselves "k to be a dream1 & :i*1 l o!r dreams1 we c h>dly embody 9 a di/9ct utt]ance4 ,we "k t :at we see is b a sort ( intellectual ,siamese tw9s1 ( :i* "o is sub/ance & ! o!r %ad[1 b we _c set ei!r free )\t kill+ bo?4 ,we are unable to rudely te> away ! veil ( phantasy 9 :i* ! tru? is %r\d$1 s we pres5t ! read] ) a drap$ figure1 & 8 own judgm5t mu/ discrim9ate betwe5 ! clo!s & ! body4 ,a tru?'s prosp]ity is l a je/'s1 x lies 9 ! e> ( him t he>s x4 ,"s may see our lucubration z we saw x1 & o!rs may see no?+ b a drunk5 dream or ! nightm>e ( a di/emp]$ imag9ation4 ,to ourselves x is ! speak+ ) unkn[n tongues to ! e>ly ,cor9?ians2 we _c fully und]/& our own spee*1 & we fe> le/ !re be n a suffici5t numb] ( int]pret]s pres5t to make our utt]ance edify4 ,b !re6 7,g on /raight to ! body ( ! article47 ,! limbs ( ! l[] animals h nev] be5 modifi$ by any act ( delib]ation & =e?\ght on _! own "p4 ,rec5t rese>*es h ?r[n absolutely no light ^u ! orig9 ( life--^u ! initial =ce :i* introduc$ a s5se ( id5tity & a delib]ate faculty into ! _w2 b !y d c]ta9ly appe> to %[ v cle>ly t ea* species ( ! animal & vegetable k+dom has be5 m\ld$ into its pres5t %ape by *ances & *anges ( _m millions ( ye>s1 by *ances & *anges ov] :i* ! creature modifi$ _h no control :atev]1 & conc]n+ ^: aim x 0 alike unconsci\s & indiff]5t1 by =ces :i* seem ins5sate to ! pa9 :i* !y inflict1 b by ^: inexorably b5efic5t cruelty ! brave & /rong keep com+ to ! =e1 :ile ! weak & bad drop beh9d & p]i%4 ,!re 0 a moral gov]nm5t ( ?is _w be=e man came ne> x--a moral gov]nm5t suit$ to ! capacities ( ! gov]n$1 & :i* unp]ceiv$ by !m has laid fa/ ! f\ndations ( c\rage1 endurance1 & cunn+4 ,x laid !m s fa/ t !y became m & m h]$it>y4 ,horace says well =tes creantur =tibus et bonis1 good m5 beget good *ildr52 ! rule held ev5 9 ! geological p]iod2 good i*?yosauri begot good i*?yosauri1 & w\ld to our discom=t h gone on do+ s to ! pres5t "t _h n bett] creatures be5 begett+ bett] ?+s ?an i*?yosauri1 or fam9e or fire or convulsion put an end to !m4 ,good apes begot good apes1 & at la/ :5 human intellig5ce /ole l a late spr+ ^u ! mimicry ( our semi-simi\s ance/ry1 ! creature le>nt h[ he c\ld ( 8 own =e?\ght add extra-corporane\s limbs to ! memb]s ( 8 own body1 & become n only a v]tebrate mammal1 b a v]tebrate ma*9ate mammal into ! b>ga94 ,x 0 a wise monkey t fir/ le>n$ to c>ry a /ick1 & a useful monkey t mimick$ him4 ,= ! race ( man has le>n$ to walk uprightly mu* z a *ild le>ns ! same ?+4 ,at fir/ he crawls on all f\rs1 !n he clamb]s1 lay+ hold ( :atev] he c2 & la/ly he /&s upright alone & walks1 b = a long "t ) an un/eady /ep4 ,s :5 ! human race 0 9 its gorilla-hood x g5]ally c>ri$ a /ick2 f c>ry+ a /ick = _m million ye>s x became accu/om$ & modifi$ to an upright position4 ,! /ick :]e) x _h le>n$ to walk w\ld n[ s]ve to beat its y\ng] bro!rs1 & !n x f\nd out its s]vice z a lev]4 ,man w\ld ?us le>n t ! limbs ( 8 body 7 n ! only limbs t he c\ld comm&4 ,8 body 0 already ! mo/ v]satile 9 exi/5ce1 b he c\ld r5d] x m v]satile /ill4 ,) ! improvem5t 9 8 body 8 m9d improv$ also4 ,he le>nt to p]ceive ! moral gov]nm5t "u :i* he held ! feudal t5ure ( 8 life--p]ceiv+ x he symbolis$ x1 & to ?is day our poets & prophets /ill /rive to symbolise x m & m completely4 ,! m9d grew because ! body grew2 m ?+s 7 p]ceiv$1 m ?+s 7 h&l$1 & be+ h&l$ became famili>4 ,b ?is came ab\t *iefly because !re 0 a h& to h&le )2 )\t ! h& !re w\ld be no h&l+1 & no me?od ( hold+ & exam9+ is comp>able to ! human h&4 ,! tail ( an opossum is a preh5sile ?+1 b x is too f> f 8 eyes2 ! elephant's trunk is bett]1 & x is probably to _! trunks t ! elephants owe _! sagacity4 ,x is "h t ! bee1 9 spite ( h] w+s1 has fail$4 ,%e has a high civilisation1 b x is "o ^: equilibrium appe>s to h be5 already atta9$2 ! appe>ance is a false "o1 = ! bee *anges1 ?\gh m sl[ly ?an man c wat* h]2 b ! reason ( ! v gradual nature ( ! *ange is *iefly because ! physical organisation ( ! insect *anges1 b sl[ly also4 ,%e is poorly (f = h&s1 & has nev] fairly grasp$ ! notion ( tack+ on o!r limbs to ! limbs ( h] own body1 & s be+ %ort liv$ to boot %e rema9s f c5tury to c5tury to human eyes 9 /atu quo4 ,h] body nev] becomes ma*9ate1 :]eas ?is new phase ( organism :i* has be5 introduc$ ) man into ! mundane economy1 has made him a v quicks& = ! f\ndation ( an un*ang+ civilisation2 c]ta9 fundam5tal pr9ciples w always rema91 b e c5tury ! *ange 9 man's physical /atus1 z comp>$ ) ! elem5ts ar\nd him1 is great] & great]4 ,he is a %ift+ basis on :i* no equilibrium ( habit & civilisation c be e/abli%$4 ,7 x n = ?is con/ant *ange 9 our physical p[]s1 :i* our me*anical limbs h br\ght ab\t1 man w\ld h long s9ce app>5tly atta9$ 8 limit ( possibility2 he w\ld be a creature ( z mu* fixity z ! ants & bees2 he w\ld /ill h advanc$1 b no fa/] ?an o!r animals advance4 ,if !re 7 a race ( m5 )\t any me*anical appliances we %\ld see ?is cle>ly4 ,!re are none1 nor h !re be51 s f> z we c tell1 = millions & millions ( ye>s4 ,! l[e/ ,au/ralian savage c>ries weapons = ! fight or ! *ase1 & has 8 cook+ & dr9k+ ut5sils at home2 a race )\t ^! ?+s w\ld be completely f] natur & n m5 at all4 ,we are unable to po9t to any example ( a race absolutely devoid ( extra-corporane\s limbs1 b we c see among ! ,*9ese t ) ! failure to inv5t new limbs a civilisation becomes z mu* fix$ z t ( ! ants2 & among savage tribes we obs]ve t few implem5ts involve a /ate ( ?+s sc>cely human at all4 ,su* tribes only advance p>i passu ) ! creatures ^u :i* !y fe$4 ,x is a mi/ake1 !n1 to take ! view adopt$ by a previ\s correspond5t ( ?is pap]1 to consid] ! ma*9es z id5tities1 to animalise !m & to anticipate _! f9al triumph ov] mank9d4 ,!y are to be reg>d$ z ! mode ( developm5t by :i* human organism is mo/ especially advanc+1 & e fre% inv5tion is to be consid]$ z an additional memb] ( ! res\rces ( ! human body4 ,h]e9 lies ! fundam5tal diff]5ce betwe5 man & 8 inf]iors4 ,z reg>d 8 fle% & blood1 8 s5ses1 appetites1 & affections1 ! diff]5ce is "o ( degree r ?an ( k9d1 b 9 ! delib]ate inv5tion ( su* unity ( limbs z is exemplifi$ by ! railway tra9--t sev5-leagu$ foot :i* five hundr$ may own at once--he /&s q alone4 ,9 confirmation ( ! views conc]n+ me*anism :i* we h be5 advocat+ above1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t m5 are n m]ely ! *ildr5 ( _! p>5ts1 b !y are begott5 ( ! in/itutions ( ! /ate ( ! me*anical sci5ces "u :i* !y are born & br$4 ,^! ?+s h made u :at we are4 ,we are *ildr5 ( ! pl\gh1 ! spade1 & ! %ip2 we are *ildr5 ( ! ext5d$ lib]ty & k :i* ! pr9t+ press has diffus$4 ,our ance/ors add$ ^! ?+s to _! previ\sly exi/+ memb]s2 ! new limbs 7 pres]v$ by natural selection & incorporat$ into human society2 !y desc5d$ ) modifications1 & h5ce proce$s ! diff]5ce betwe5 our ance/ors & ourselves4 ,by ! in/itutions & /ate ( sci5ce "u :i* a man is born x is det]m9$ :e!r he %all h ! limbs ( an ,au/ralian savage or ^? ( a n9ete5?-c5tury ,engli%man4 ,! =m] is supplem5t$ ) little save a rug & a javel92 ! latt] v>ies 8 physique ) ! *anges ( ! season1 ) age & ) advanc+ or decreas+ weal?4 ,if x is wet he is furni%$ ) an organ :i* is call$ an umbrella & :i* seems design$ = ! purpose ( protect+ ei!r 8 clo!s or 8 lungs f ! injuri\s effects ( ra94 ,8 wat* is ( m importance to him ?an a good deal ( 8 hair1 at any rate ?an ( 8 :isk]s2 besides ?is he c>ries a knife & g5]ally a p5cil case4 ,8 memory goes 9 a pocket-book4 ,he gr[s m complex z he becomes old] & he w !n be se5 ) a pair ( spectacles1 p]haps also ) false tee? & a wig2 b1 if he be a really well-develop$ specim5 ( ! race1 he w be furni%$ ) a l>ge box ^u :eels1 two horses1 & a coa*man4 ,let ! read] pond] ov] ^! la/ rem>ks & he w see t ! pr9cipal v>ieties & sub-v>ieties ( ! human race are n n[ to be look$ = among ! negroes1 ! ,circassians1 ! ,malays1 or ! ,am]ican aborig9es1 b among ! ri* & ! poor4 ,! diff]5ce 9 physical organisation betwe5 ^! two species ( man is f> great] ?an t betwe5 ! s-call$ types ( humanity4 ,! ri* man c g f "h to ,engl& :5ev] he feels incl9$1 ! legs ( ! o!r are by an invisible fatality prev5t$ f c>ry+ him beyond c]ta9 n>r[ limits4 ,nei!r ri* nor poor z yet see ! philosophy ( ! ?+1 or admit t he :o c tack a portion ( "o ( ! ,p4 & ,o4 boats on to 8 id5tity is a mu* m highly organis$ be+ ?an "o :o _c4 ,yet ! fact is pat5t en\gh1 if we once ?9k x ov]1 f ! m]e consid]ation ( ! respect ) :i* we s (t5 treat ^? :o are ri*] ?an ourselves4 ,we obs]ve m5 = ! mo/ "p 7admitt+1 h[ev]1 "s few abnormal exceptions7 to be deeply impress$ by ! sup]ior organisation ( ^? :o h money4 ,x is wrong to attribute ?is respect to any unwor?y motive1 = ! feel+ is /rictly legitimate & spr+s f "s ( ! v highe/ impulses ( our nature4 ,x is ! same sort ( affectionate rev]5ce :i* a dog feels = man1 & is n infrequ5tly manife/$ 9 a simil> mann]4 ,we admit t ^! la/ s5t5ces are op5 to "q1 & we %\ld h>dly l to commit ourselves irrecov]ably to ! s5tim5ts !y express2 b we w say ?is mu* = c]ta91 namely1 t ! ri* man is ! true hundr$-h&$ ,gyges ( ! poets4 ,he alone possesses ! full complem5t ( limbs :o /&s at ! summit ( opul5ce1 & we may ass]t ) /rictly sci5tific accuracy t ! ,ro?s*ilds are ! mo/ a/oni%+ organisms t ! _w has ev] yet se54 ,= to ! n]ves or tissues1 or :atev] x be t answ]s to ! helm ( a ri* man's desires1 !re is a :ole army ( limbs se5 & unse5 atta*able2 he may be reckon$ by 8 horse-p[]1 by ! numb] ( foot-p\nds :i* he has money en\gh to set 9 motion4 ,:o1 !n1 w d5y t a man ^: w repres5ts ! motive p[] ( a ?\s& horses is a be+ v diff]5t f ! "o :o is equival5t b to ! p[] ( a s+le "o8 ,h5ce=w>d1 !n1 in/ead ( say+ t a man is h>d up1 let u say t 8 organisation is at a l[ ebb1 or1 if we wi% him well1 let u hope t he w gr[ pl5ty ( limbs4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t we are deal+ ) physical organisations only4 ,we d n say t ! ?\s&-horse man is bett] ?an a "o-horse man1 we only say t he is m highly organis$ & %\ld be recognis$ z be+ s by ! sci5tific lead]s ( ! p]iod4 ,a man's w1 tru?1 endurance1 are "p ( him also1 & may1 z 9 ! case ( ! late ,mr4 ,cobd51 h 9 !mselves a p[] equival5t to all ! horse-p[] :i* !y c influ5ce2 b 7 we to g into ?is "p ( ! "q we %\ld nev] h done1 & we are compell$ reluctantly to leave our dream 9 its pres5t fragm5t>y condition4 ,a ,note on 8,! ,tempe/0 ,act ,,iii1 ,sc5e ,i ,! foll[+ brief essay 0 contribut$ by ,butl] to a small miscellany entitl$ ,,lit]>y ,,f\ndl+s3 ,,v]se ,,& ,,prose1 ,,collect$ ,,9 ,,cant]bury1 ,n4,z41 :i* 0 publi%$ at ,*ri/ ,*ur* on ! occasion ( a baza> held !re 9 ,m>*1 #ahfd1 9 aid ( ! funds ( ! ,*ri/ ,*ur* ,orphan ,asylum1 & (f]$ = sale dur+ ! progress ( ! baza>4 ,! miscellany consi/$ entirely ( ! productions ( ,cant]bury writ]s1 & among ! contributors 7 ,dean ,jacobs1 ,canon ,cottrell1 & ,james ,edw>d ,fitz,gerald1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,,press4 ,,:5 ,pr9ce ,f]d9& 0 wreck$ on ! isl& ,mir&a 0 fifte5 ye>s old4 ,we c h>dly suppose t %e _h ev] se5 ,ariel1 & ,caliban 0 a dete/able object :om h] fa!r took good c>e to keep z mu* out ( h] way z possible4 ,caliban 0 l ! man cook on a back-c\ntry run4 8',tis a villa91 sir10 says ,mir&a4 8,i d n love to look on40 8,b z 'tis10 returns ,prosp]o1 8we _c miss him2 he does make our fire1 fet* 9 our wood1 & s]ve 9 (fices t pr(it u40 ,h&s 7 sc>ce1 & ,prosp]o 0 oblig$ to put up ) ,caliban 9 spite ( ! _m drawbacks ) :i* 8 s]vices 7 att5d$2 9 fact1 no "o on ! isl& c\ld h lik$ him1 = ,ariel ow$ him a grudge on ! score ( ! cruelty ) :i* he _h be5 treat$ by ,sycorax1 & we h already he>d :at ,mir&a & ,prosp]o _h to say ab\t him4 ,he may !re=e pass = nobody4 ,prosp]o 0 an old man1 or at any rate 9 all probability "s =ty ye>s ( age2 !re=e x is no wond] t :5 ,mir&a saw ,pr9ce ,f]d9& %e %\ld h fall5 viol5tly 9 love ) him4 8,no?+ ill10 accord+ to h] view1 8c\ld dwell 9 su* a temple--if ! ill ,_s h s fair an h\se1 good ?+s w /rive to dwell ) 't40 ,a v natural s5tim5t = a girl 9 ,mir&a's circum/ances1 b nev]!less "o :i* betray$ a *>m+ inexp]i5ce ( ! ways ( ! _w & ( ! real value ( good looks4 ,:at surprises u1 h[ev]1 is ?is1 namely ! rem>kable cel]ity ) :i* ,mir&a 9 a few h\rs became s ?or\ghly wide awake to ! exig5cies ( ! occasion 9 consequ5ce ( h] love = ! ,pr9ce4 ,prosp]o has set ,f]d9& to hump firewood out ( ! bu%1 & to pile x up = ! use ( ! cave4 ,f]d9& is = ! pres5t a sort ( cadet1 a y\? ( good family1 )\t ca% & unaccu/om$ to manual lab\r2 8 unlucky />s h l&$ him on ! isl&1 & n[ x seems t he 8mu/ remove "s ?\s&s ( ^! logs & pile !m up1 ^u a sore injunction40 ,poor fell[6 ,mir&a's he>t ble$s = him4 ,h] 8affections 7 mo/ humble02 %e _h be5 cont5t to take ,f]d9& on speculation4 ,on fir/ see+ him %e _h exclaim$1 8,i h no ambition to see a goodli] man02 & x makes h] blood boil to see ?is div9e creature compell$ to su* an ignom9i\s & pa9ful lab\r4 ,:at is ! family consumption ( firewood to h]8 ,let ,caliban d x2 let ,prosp]o d x2 or make ,ariel d x2 let h] d x h]self2 or let ! lightn+ come d[n & 8burn up ^? logs y are enjo9$ to pile02--! logs !mselves1 :ile burn+1 w\ld weep = hav+ we>i$ him4 ,come :at w\ld1 x 0 a %ame to make ,f]d9& "w s h>d1 s %e w9ds up ?us3 8,my fa!r is h>d at /udy2 pray n[ re/ y\rself--he's safe = ^! ?ree h\rs40 ,safe--if %e _h only said t 8papa 0 safe10 ! s5t5ce w\ld h be5 purely mod]n1 & h suit$ ,?ack]ay z well z ,%akspe>e4 ,see h[ quickly %e has le>nt to reg>d h] fa!r z "o to be wat*$ & probably kept 9 a good hum\r = ! sake ( ,f]d9&4 ,we suppose t ! secret ( ! mod]n "* ( ?is p>ticul> passage lies simply 9 ! fact t "y p make love pretty mu* 9 ! same way n[ t !y did ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago2 & possibly1 ) ! exception t 8! gov]nor0 may be sub/itut$ = ! words 8my fa!r0 by ! "y ladies ( ?ree hundr$ ye>s h5ce1 ! passage w s\nd z fre% & mod]n !n z x does n[4 ,let ! ,prosp]os ( t age take a lesson1 & ei!r n all[ ! ,f]d9&s to pile up firewood1 or s to arrange _! /udies z n to be 8safe0 = any ?ree consecutive h\rs4 ,x is true t ,prosp]o's objection to ! mat* 0 only feign$1 b ,mir&a ?\ght o!rwise1 & = all purposes ( argum5t we are ju/ifi$ 9 suppos+ t he 0 9 e>ne/4 ,! ,engli% ,cricket]s ,! foll[+ l9es 7 writt5 by ,butl] 9 ,febru>y1 #ahfd1 & appe>$ 9 ! ,,press4 ,!y ref] to a visit paid to ,new ,zeal& by a team ( ,engli% cricket]s1 & h k9dly be5 copi$ & s5t to me by ,miss ,colborne-,veel1 ^: fa!r 0 editor ( ! ,,press at ! "t t ,butl] 0 writ+ = x4 ,miss ,colborne-,veel has fur!r p]mitt$ to me to make use ( ! foll[+ explanatory note3 8,! com+ ( ! ,all ,engl& team 0 naturally a glori\s ev5t 9 a prov9ce only f\rte5 ye>s old4 ,! ,mayor & ,c\ncillors _h #8a c> ( /ate'--o!rwise a brake--#8) po/ilions 9 ! ,engli% /yle4' ,cobb & ,co4 suppli$ a six-horse coa* = ! ,engli% elev51 ! yell[ pa9t ^u :i* sugge/$ ! #8glitt]+ *>iot ( pure gold4' ,s !y drove 9 triumph f ! /ation & ?r\gh ! t[n4 ,t9ley = ,engl& & ,t5nant = ,cant]bury 7 ! h]oes ( ! mat*4 ,at ! ,w$nesday d9n] ref]r$ to !y ex*ang$ complim5ts & cricket balls across ! table4 ,?is e>ly e/eem = cricket may be expla9$ by a rem>k made by ! ,all ,engl& capta91 t #8on no cricket gr\nd 9 any colony _h he met s _m public s*ool m51 especially m5 f old ,rugby1 z at ,cant]bury4'0 ,to ! ,editor1 ! ,press1 ,febru>y #ae?1 #ahfd4 ,,sir--,! foll[+ l9es1 :i* pr(ess to h be5 writt5 by a fri5d ( m9e at ?ree o'clock 9 ! morn+ aft] ! d9n] ( ,w$nesday la/1 h be5 pres5t$ to myself ) a reque/ t ,i %\ld =w>d !m to y4 ,i w\ld sugge/ to ! writ] ( !m ! foll[+ quotation f 8,love's ,lab\r's ,lo/40 ,i am1 ,sir1 ,y\r ob$i5t s]vant1 ,s4,b4 8,y f9d n ! apo/rophes1 & s miss ! acc5t2 let me sup]vise ! canzonet4 ,"h are only numb]s ratifi$2 b = ! elegancy1 facility1 & gold5 cad5ce ( poesy1 c>et 4 4 4 ,imit>i is no?+4 ,s do? ! h\nd 8 ma/]1 ! ape 8 keep]1 ! tir$ horse 8 rid]40 ,love's ,lab\r's ,lo/1 ,act ,,iv1 ,s4 #b4 ,,horatio 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,! :ole t[n rose ,eyes out to meet !m2 9 a c> ( /ate ,! ,mayor & all ! ,c\ncillors rode d[n ,to give !m greet+1 :ile ! blue-ey$ team ,drawn 9 ,cobb's glitt]+ *>iot ( pure gold ,c>e]$ x f ! /ation4--,b ! ,mayor-- ,?\ %\ld/ h se5 ! bl&ness ( ! man1 ,& wat*$ ! effulg5t & unspeakable smiles ,) :i* he beam$ ^u !m4 ,8 be>d1 by nature tawny1 0 suffus$ ,) j s mu* ( a mo/ rev]5d grizzle ,t y\? & age %\ld kiss 9't4 ,i assure y ,he 0 a ,s\!rn ,palm]/on1 s old ,9 und]/&+1 yet jocund & jaunty ,z ?\gh 8 tw5tie? summ] 7 z yet ,b 9 ! v ,june o' ! ye>1 & w9t] ,0 nev] to be dreamt (4 ,^? :o he>d ,8 words /ood ravi%$4 ,x 0 all z "o ,z ?\gh ,m9]va1 hid 9 ,m]cury's jaws1 ,_h c\nsell$ "s div9e/ utt]ance ,( honey$ wisdom4 ,s pr(\nd1 s true1 ,s meet = ! occasion1 & s--%ort4 ,! k+ sat /udy+ rhetoric z he spoke1 ,:ile ! "l ,abbot heav$ half-envi\s sighs ,& hung susp5d$ on 8 acc5ts4 ,,claud4 ,b w x pay1 ,horatio8 ,,hor4 ,let ,%ylock see to t1 b yet ,i tru/ ,he's no great los]4 ,,claud4 ,:i* side w5t 9 fir/8 ,,hor4 ,we did1 ,& scor$ a paltry ?irty runs 9 all4 ,! lissom ,locky] gamboll$ r\nd ! /umps ,) _m a crafty curvet3 y _h ?\ght ,an ,indian rubb] monkey 7 endu$ ,) wicket-keep+ in/9cts2 teaz+ ,t9ley ,issu$ 8 trea*]\s notices to quit1 ,ru?lessly tru?ful to 8 fame1 & :o ,%all speak ( ,jackson8 ,oh6 'twas sad inde$ ,to wat* ! d[nca/ faces ( our m5 ,return+ f ! wickets2 "o by "o1 ,l pati5ts at ! gratis consultation ,( "s skill$ lee*1 !y took _! turn at physic4 ,& ea* came sadly homew>d ) a face ,awry ?r\gh inw>d angui%2 !y 7 pale ,z gho/s ( "s dead b deep m\rn$ love1 ,grim ) a great despair1 b =c$ to smile4 ,,claud4 ,poor s\ls6 ,?' unk9de/ he>t _h bl$ = !m4 ,b :at came aft]8 ,,hor4 ,=tune turn$ h] :eel1 ,& ,grace1 disgracd = ! nonce1 0 b[l$ ,fir/ ball1 & all ! welk9 ro>$ applause6 ,z = ! re/1 !y scor$ a goodly score ,& %[$ "s spl5did cricket1 b _! de$s ,7 n colossal1 & our own brave ,t5nant ,prov$ himself all z good a man z !y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?r\gh !m we greet our ,"m4 ,9 _! com+1 ,we %ake our de> old ,engl& by ! h& ,& wat* space dw9dl+1 :ile ! %r9k+ _w ,collapses into no?+4 ,m>k me well1 ,matt] z swift z swifte/ ?\ght %all fly1 ,& space itself be n[h]e4 ,future ,t9leys ,%all b[l f ,london to our ,*ri/ ,*ur* ,t5nants1 ,& all ! runs = all ! /umps be made ,9 fly+ baskets :i* %all come & g ,& d ! circuit r\nd ab\t ! globe ,)9 t5 seconds4 ,d n *eck me ) ,! r\ndness ( ! int]v5+ _w1 ,! w9ds1 ! m\nta9 ranges1 & ! seas-- ,^! h9d] no?+2 = ! lea!rn sph]e1 ,l to a planet>y satellite1 ,%all :eel its fai?ful orb & /rike ! bails ,clean f ! c5tre ( ! middle /ump4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mirrors %all hang susp5d$ 9 ! air1 ,fix$ by a *a9 betwe5 two *os5 />s1 ,& e eye %all be a telescope ,to read ! pass+ %ad[s f ! _w4 ,su* games %all be h]eaft]1 b z yet ,we lay f\ndations only4 ,,claud4 ,?\ mu/ be drunk1 ,horatio4 ,,hor4 ,s ,i am4 ,footnotes #ahj ,we 7 ask$ by a le>n$ bro!r philosoph] :o saw ?is article 9 ,,ms4 :at we meant by allud+ to rudim5t>y organs 9 ma*9es4 ,c\ld we1 he ask$1 give any example ( su* organs8 ,we po9t$ to ! little protub]ance at ! bottom ( ! b[l ( our tobacco pipe4 ,?is organ 0 orig9ally design$ = ! same purpose z ! rim at ! bottom ( a tea-cup1 :i* is b ano!r =m ( ! same function4 ,its purpose 0 to keep ! heat ( ! pipe f m>k+ ! table on :i* x re/$4 ,orig9ally1 z we h se5 9 v e>ly tobacco pipes1 ?is protub]ance 0 ( a v diff]5t %ape to :at x is n[4 ,x 0 broad at ! bottom & flat1 s t :ile ! pipe 0 be+ smok$ ! b[l might re/ ^u ! table4 ,use & disuse h "h come into play & s]v$ to r$uce ! function to its pres5t rudim5t>y condition4 ,t ^! rudim5t>y organs are r>] 9 ma*9]y ?an 9 animal life is ow+ to ! m prompt action ( ! human selection z comp>$ ) ! sl[] b ev5 sur] op]ation ( natural selection4 ,man may make mi/akes2 9 ! long run nature nev] does s4 ,we h only giv5 an imp]fect example1 b ! intellig5t read] w supply himself ) illu/rations4