,libr>ies47            ,blackbo>d ,draw+
    ,a ,,monograph    ,,by   ,,fr$]ick  
,,:itney    ,,( ,,!   ,,/ate ,,normal   
,,s*ool   ,,salem1 ,,massa*usetts       
,,six? ,,edition     ,,publi%$ ,,by     
,atk9son1 ,m5tz]  ,company   ,bo/on     
,new ,york    ,*icago    ,atlanta       
,dallas      ,copyright1 #aijb-aijc1 by 
,! ,davis ,press   ,all ,rights ,res]v$ 
,=eword   ,?is monograph is a repr9t ( a
 s]ies ( articles fir/ publi%$ 9 !      
second volume ( ! magaz9e n[ kn[n z ,!  
,s*ool ,arts ,book4 ,! articles attract$
 wide att5tion on acc\nt ( _! timel9ess 
& _! illu/rations4 ,! plates 7 made f   
photographs ( actual "w ^u ! blackbo>d  
by ,mr4 ,:itney1 & are und\bt$ly ! mo/  
attractive blackbo>d draw+s ev] publi%$4
 ,! dem& = ^! articles has be5 s great t
 ! orig9al editions h be5 exhau/$4 ,!y  
are republi%$ 9 ?is =m 9 ! hope t !y may
 influ5ce yet m /rongly ! increas+ numb]
 ( tea*]s :o f9d ! blackbo>d            
indisp5sable 9 tea*+4  ,,h5ry ,,turn]   
,,bailey  ,septemb]1 #aijc              

,,blackbo>d ,,draw+   ,none ( ! tea*]s  
:o read ,! ,s*ool ,arts ,book f mon? to 
mon? d\bt 9 ! lea/ ! value ( draw+ 9 our
 s*ools1 & !re is no ne$ ( ! slighte/   
argum5t 9 its favor4 ,ev5 9 ! l[e/      
grades ! tea*] appreciates draw+ z !    
natural expression ( ! ?\ght & exp]i5ce 
( ! *ild2 a spontane\s activity1 hav+   
its relation to life1 n a ?+ ap>t f life
 or an end 9 itself4 ,?r\gh\t ! grades !
 tea*] %\ld cultivate ?is _s ( fre$om & 
int]e/1 rememb]+ t draw+ is a language  
to be us$ z naturally & freely z "o     
writt5 or spok54  ,:y %\ld ^! sugge/ions
 n apply to ! tea*] z well z to ! *ild8 
,:y %\ld %e n express h]self1 ! int]e/s 
( s*ool life & ( ! pupil 9 ! same free1 
natural way8  ,^u ent]+ a s*oolroom !   
tea*] f9ds ! blackbo>ds b>e & dull4 ,!re
 is little 9 ! l9e ( decoration 9 ! room
 & 9 ord] to relieve ?is monotony %e    
/5cils a bord]1 ! picture ( "s great h]o
 or well-kn[n au?or1 draws ) color$ *alk
 ! inevitable flags cross$ at "r angles 
or puts ^u ! bo>d "s design :i* possibly

 may or p]haps may n h relation to !    
ne$s ( ! *ildr51 _! life & activities1  
or ! indu/ries ( ! s*ool4  ,:5 ! draw+  
on ! "p ( ! *ild becomes ! natural &    
free expression ( ! activities & int]e/s
 ( e-day life1 & ! tea*] uses ?is       
graphic language 9 ! same mann]1 !      
blackbo>ds w be f\nd con/antly 9 use &  
^u !m an ev] *ang+ s]ies ( draw+s4 ,^!  
draw+s %\ld be illu/rations ( !         
geography1 hi/ory1 lit]ature1 nature "w 
or any o!r l9e dem&+ _! aid4 ,let !m be 
draw+s ^u :i* a few mom5ts ( "t are     
sp5t1 a free sket* illu/rat+ ! object or
 topic z a means ( mak+ ! subject cle>] 
9 ! m9ds ( ! pupils1 n a picture produc$
 by ! labor$ use ( *alk & eras]1 to be  
kept ^u ! bo>d indef9itely z a bit (    
decoration4   ,illu/ration3 ,plate #a   
,illu/ration3 ,plate #b   ,let me sugge/
 ! practice ( ! foll[+ /rokes & lat] we 
w try _! application 9 v>i\s draw+s     
recomm5d$ by tea*]s f sev]al s*ools4 ,9 
^! illu/rations use ab\t two-?irds ( a  
/ick ( s(t blackbo>d crayon1 us+ ! l>ge 

end & draw+ ) ! side ( ! *alk4 ,?is use 
( ! crayon w produce any tone f :ite to 
neutral gray4  ,no4 #a4 ,place ! *alk 9 
a horizontal position & try a smoo? ev5 
/roke "o or two feet 9 l5g?4            
,illu/ration3 ,plate #c   ,no4 #b4 ,a   
simil> /roke 9 a grad$ scale lett+ !    
pressure become less & less t[>d ! l[]  
end ( ! /roke4  ,no4 #c4 ,rev]se ,no4 #b
 h>dly t\*+ ! bo>d at fir/ & increas+ ! 
pressure t[>d ! l[] end4  ,if *>coal is 
us$ = ! l[] tones1 a v satisfactory     
scale may be produc$ z 9 ! la/          
illu/ration on ,plate #a4  ,no4 #d4     
,comb9e ,no4 #b & ,no4 #c 9 a s+le      
/roke4 ,try all ^! /rokes aga9 & aga9 9 
a v]tical1 horizontal1 oblique1 & curv+ 
direction until ea* c be made 9 a second
 or two4   ,illu/ration3 ,plate #d      
,no4 #e4 ,place ! *alk 9 a v]tical      
position ^u ! bo>d1 draw d[nw>d1        
gradually twi/+ ! *alk to a horizontal  
position4  ,no4 #f4 ,place ! *alk       
horizontally & draw d[nw>d1 twi/+ ! *alk
 to a v]tical position4  ,no4 #g4 ,^!   

spots are ,no4 #e & ,no4 #f comb9$4 ,try
 !m ) a %ort1 quick motion ( ! *alk4    
,no4 #h4 ,comb9e two spots simil> to !  
fir/ at ,no4 #g4 ,! leaf 9 outl9e       
requires sev]al l9es :ile ! draw+       
repres5t+ ! surface 0 made ) two /rokes 
& "o l9e = ! midrib & /em4 ,try sev]al  
leaves ( diff]5t %apes us+ ! /roke      
sugge/$ on ?is plate4 ,! pond lily is   
drawn ) ?is same /roke r$uc$4  ,no4 #i4 
,make a scale f left to "r by pressure  
^u "o end ( ! *alk1 :ile giv+ a v]tical 
/roke4 ,try ?is 9 v>i\s directions4 ,use
 two p>allel /rokes & ) a bit ( *>coal =
 acc5t try ! trunk ( ! bir* tree4  ,no4 
#aj4 ,use ,no4 #d1 ,plate #a1 9 a s]ies 
( lights & d>ks4 ,?is is made by quick  
pressure at %ort int]vals )\t remov+ !  
*alk f ! bo>d4 ,i h se5 ?is us$ by      
sci5ce tea*]s to illu/rate vibrations or
 wave l5g?s2 we %all use x lat] =       
pictorial purposes4  ,no4 #aa4 ,place ! 
*alk ^u ! bo>d 9 a horizontal position1 
move rapidly back & =?1 gradually %ort5+
 ! /roke1 & repeat ?is ex]cise 9 v>i\s  

positions & directions4  ,no4 #ab4 ,?is 
draw+ 0 made by ! use ( ,no4 #aa4 ,draw 
fir/ a few l9es sugge/+ ! gr[? ( ! f]n1 
!n add ! /rokes lett+ ! f]n dictate !   
direction1 acc5t+ ! light] values by a  
/rong] pressure4  ,draw ! upp] leaf on  
,plate #d by ! use ( /roke ,no4 #f1     
h>dly t\*+ ! bo>d = ! gray tones1 !n    
add+ ! :ite tones ) a /rong] pressure ^u
 ! *alk4  ,are we sure t we h n tri$ to 
make draw+ an end r ?an a means8 ,let u 
rememb] t !re mu/ be a motive prompt+ ! 
"w1 an int]e/ or exp]i5ce back ( ! draw+
 :i* dem&s expression4 ,9 ! color "w1   
design1 & manual "w1 ! influ5ce ( ?is   
?\ght has already be5 felt4 ,! object   
ne$$ 9 ! s*oolroom or = ! individual use
 ( ! pupil is ! object design$ & made4  
,) ?is new motive1 !re comes a gr[+     
appreciation & int]e/ on ! "p ( ! *ild4 
,! blackbo>d draw+ %\ld be gov]n$ by !  
same _s1 ! ne$ ( ! h\r1 j z surely z !  
*ild's "w at 8 desk1 & :5 ! tea*]       
realizes ?is fact1 he w nev] lack a     
subject = illu/ration4 ,= in/ance1 9 !  

fall ! class may be /udy+ trees1 & draw+
 w be f\nd indisp5sable4  ,! *ildr5 are 
/udy+ "s tree ne> at h&1 comp>+ trees to
 discov] _! po9ts ( lik5ess & diff]5ce1 
collect+ pictures ( trees & m\nt+ ^! to 
illu/rate _! description1 & ) ?is /udy  
!y are becom+ m or less famili> ) our   
common trees4 ,if ! tea*] %\ld g to !   
blackbo>d to en=ce a po9t 9 reg>d to !  
g5]al =m ( ! tree1 direction ( bran*es  
or *>act]i/ic details1 he w f9d su*     
sket*es a great help4 ,x is ! tea*] :o  
does su* illu/rative draw+ :o holds &   
int]e/s 8 class4  ,let u try a few      
simple applications ( ! practice        
previ\sly sugge/$1 us+ ! trees z our    
topic = illu/ration4  ,no4 #ac4 ,draw a 
gray1 v]tical l9e sugge/+ ! *>act]i/ic  
l9e ( gr[? 9 ! p9e tree4 ,use ! /roke   
giv5 9 ,no4 #aa = ! foliage4 ,to        
repres5t ! foliage 9 a mass1 simply     
%ort5 or l5g!n ! /roke ( ! *alk1 us+ a  
great] pressure "h & !re4 ,) ! side ( ! 
*alk repres5t ! trunk ( ! tree :]e      
visible & ) ! po9t indicate bran*es4    

,illu/ration3 ,plate #e   ,c]ta9 laws   
gov]n blackbo>d "w z well z object draw+
 on pap]4 ,a sket* ( ! object z a :ole  
mu/ be made fir/ & ! mass+ ( ! lights & 
%ades mu/ be done be=e detail is        
attempt$4 ,! g5]al outl9e may (t5 be    
sket*$ ) *>coal & correct$ :5 ! *alk is 
us$4   ,illu/ration3 ,plate #f   ,no4   
#ad4 ,try ! popl> tree4 ,aga9 ! v]tical 
l9e is *>act]i/ic4 ,indicate ?is4 ,mass 
! foliage z be=e1 us+ a v]tical r ?an a 
horizontal /roke4 ,d n remove ! *alk f !
 bo>d until ! mass ( foliage is         
repres5t$ & rememb] to give a light     
pressure = ! grays & a /rong "o = !     
:ites4  ,x is n ! greate/ quantity (    
*alk :i* gives ! be/ draw+ any m ?an !  
greate/ quantity ( pigm5t 9 our color "w
 :i* gives ! be/ pa9t+4 ,repres5t trunk 
& bran*es z 9 ,no4 #ac4   ,illu/ration3 
,plate #g   ,no4 #ae4 ,a bit ( l&scape  
indicat$ by a few /rokes ( *alk (t5     
r5d]s ! draw+ mu* m pleas+ & at ! same  
"t sugge/s ! environm5t ( ! tree4 ,!    
l9es us$ "h are ^? giv5 9 ,no4 #a1 ,no4 

#i & ,no4 #aa1 & are easily repres5t$4  
,illu/ration3 ,plate #h   ,no4 #af4 ,!  
will[ is ano!r int]e/+ tree = /udy & is 
drawn 9 a simil> mann] to ^? previ\sly  
m5tion$4 ,! /roke ( ! *alk = foliage is 
a curv+ "o r ?an horizontal z 9 !       
ev]gre5 or v]tical z 9 ! popl>4  ,no4   
#ag4 ,a sugge/ion ( di/ance w frequ5tly 
be f\nd a good backgr\nd = a tree1      
build+ or o!r simil> =egr\nd4 ,! di/ance
 is treat$ 9 exactly ! same mann] z !   
foliage 9 _m ( ! trees1 ! side ( ! *alk 
giv+ a gray1 unev5 surface4 ,9 draw+ !  
wat] repres5t ! reflections ) v]tical   
/rokes & ! ripples ) horizontal ones4   
,illu/ration3 ,plate #i   ,no4 #ah4     
,make ! hillside ) two or ?ree gray     
/rokes ( ,no4 #a1 ! cl\ds ) a simil>    
curv+ /roke1 & ! trees ) *>coal1 us+ !  
same treatm5t z 9 ! *alk draw+s4        
,illu/ration3 ,plate #aj   ,no4 #ai4    
,exp]im5t ) a few vegetables1 or fruit1 
us+ ! /rokes :i* ! illu/rations w       
readily sugge/4 ,= ! grapes use a %ort  
piece ( *alk & a quick1 curv+ /roke1 !  

po9t be+ us$ only 9 acc5t+4  ,no4 #bj4  
,! basket is repres5t$ by us+ ,no4 #aj1 
,plate #c1 = ! surface & ! po9t = !     
details4 ,exp]im5t a :ile ) ! h&le1 beg9
 at ! l[] end at ! left1 draw upw>d1 to 
! "r & d[nw>d4   ,illu/ration3 ,plate   
#aa   ,! tumbl] is repres5t$ by us+ a   
few gray v]tical /rokes ( ! *alk4 ,acc5t
 ) *alk = high lights & a bit ( *>coal =
 d>ks4  ,9 ! o!r objects on ,plate #h   
let ! surface ( ! vegetable dictate !   
direction ( ! /roke1 keep+ ! "w z simple
 z possible4 ,see ) h[ few t\*es an     
effect c be obta9$4 ,a v>iety (         
illu/rations may be attempt$1 all ( :i* 
h be5 sugge/$ by grade tea*]s z useful 9
 _m l9es ( s*ool "w4   ,illu/ration3    
,plate #ab  ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ac    
,an outl9e draw+ ^u ! blackbo>d         
expresses mu*1 & is (t5 bett] ?an any   
attempt at light & %ade or v>iety 9     
tone1 yet !re are frequ5t occasions :5 !
 repres5tation ( solidity or ( surface  
is bett] obta9$ 9 illu/rative "w by !   
use ( ! side ( ! *alk & *>coal4 ,9 su*  

cases leave ! blackbo>d = ! middle      
values & use ! *>coal & *alk z 9 previ\s
 sket*es4  ,= in/ance1 make a draw+ ( ! 
wigwam & canoe1 add+ "s ( ! tree sket*es
 ^u :i* we h previ\sly work$ or simply  
indicat+ a few tree trunks4             
,illu/ration3 ,plate #ad   ,no4 #ba4    
,make a light sket* ei!r ) *alk or      
*>coal1 indicat+ ! g5]al =m ( ! objects1
 or if "o has a good idea ( =m1 he may  
make ! draw+ )\t outl9+4 ,a few oblique 
/rokes h&l$ 9 ! same mann] z ! gray     
tones giv5 9 ,no4 #a w produce ! wigwam4
 ,! details may be add$ ) *alk or       
*>coal4 ,a s+le horizontal /roke curv+ a
 bit at ei!r end gives ! g5]al =m ( !   
canoe4 ,if a few m9or m>k+s are giv51 ! 
*ildr5 w h no d\bt ( y\r int5t 9 !      
sket*4 ,= ! tree trunks use ! /roke     
sugge/$ by ,no4 #i1 & = ! wat] consult  
,no4 #ag & ,no4 #ah1 ,plate #g4  ,no4   
#bb4 ,! woodl& appeals to all *ildr5 &  
is frequ5tly ! topic 9 hi/ory1          
geography1 botany1 lit]ature1 & nature  
/udy z well z draw+4 ,a few broad1 gray 

/rokes w give ! sky4 ,) a clo?1 erase   
tree tops = ! di/ance & a few v]tical   
l9es = tree trunks4 ,use ! v]tical      
/rokes sugge/$ 9 ,no4 #i = ! light tones
 9 ! trees & *>coal = ! d>ks to produce 
! cyl9drical effect4 ,mass ! foliage z 9
 ! trees previ\sly drawn & add !        
necess>y m>k+s = bran*es4  ,no4 #bc4 ,a 
l&scape ) ! old h\se 9 ! =egr\nd gives  
an opportunity to put into practice _m (
 ! previ\s sugge/ions4  ,no4 #bd4 ,?is  
sket* 0 ask$ = z an illu/ration = ! /udy
 ( colonial hi/ory4 ,9 bo? ,no4 #bc &   
,no4 #bd ! sky is drawn by ! use ( !    
horizontal /roke & ! cl\ds1 trees1 &    
di/ance eras$ ) a bit ( s(t clo?4 ,!    
/rokes us$ 9 ! build+s & f5ce are evid5t
 & ne$ no int]pretation4  ,plate ,no4   
#ab %[s two looms made by ! *ildr51 & ! 
beg9n+ ( ! rugs !y are weav+ f _! own   
designs4 ,! illu/ration is f ! blackbo>d
 draw+ made by ! tea*] to %[ h[ !       
,indians made & us$ a loom4 ,?is        
illu/ration has be5 us$ 9 hi/ory1       
geography1 & manual tra9+4  ,lessons 9  

geography (t5 require quick illu/ration4
 ,! s*ool build+ may n be well locat$ = 
?is /udy1 or ! tea*] is n =tunate en\gh 
to h a good s]ies ( pictures = ! use ( 8
 class4 ,9 su* cases1 or 9 any case1 ev5
 :5 he has o!r mat]ial1 blackbo>d       
illu/ration w help ! *ildr54 ,no4 #be1  
,no4 #bf1 & ,no4 #bg1 ,plate #ac1       
sugge/s useful sket*es4  ,su* topics z !
 cl\ds1 ! m\nta9s1 ! pla91 ! valley1 !  
brook1 ! wat]fall1 ! bea*1 ! ocean1 !   
cliff1 & innum]able o!rs are easily &   
quickly illu/rat$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,! tea*] 
:o 9 a few mom5ts c take advantage ( ?is
 graphic language f9ds ! lessons a      
delight to himself & to ! class4        
,animal draw+ is an extremely int]e/+   
lesson = ! *ildr51 at ! same "t a r     
difficult "o = _m tea*]s4 ,on ,plate #ad
 w be f\nd a few draw+s sugge/+ h[ few  
l9es w indicate ! g5]al outl9e & h[ few 
/rokes ( ! side ( ! *alk w sugge/ !     
surface4  ,!re are special days1        
seasons1 or occasions :5 blackbo>d      
draw+s may be us$ to advantage =        

illu/ration4  ,?anksgiv+ /ories are     
anticipat$ by ! *ildr51 & ,?anksgiv+    
pictures z well4 ,^! old1 old sc5es1 ev]
 new1 appeal to u all :e!r pupils or    
tea*]s4 ,!re are ! settlem5t ( ,new     
,engl&1 ! fir/ ,?anksgiv+1 ! h>ve/ "t1 !
 family ga!r+1 & num]\s ev5ts :i* sugge/
 illu/ration4 ,9 _m s*ools !re is !     
delightful cu/om ( rememb]+ "s un=tunate
 family4 ,! *ildr5 br+ to ! s*ool gifts 
( clo?+1 groc]ies1 vegetables1 etc41 &  
assi/ ! tea*] 9 pack+ ^! good ?+s1 &    
great is _! joy 9 giv+4   ,illu/ration3 
,plate #ae   ,plate #ae4 ,?is draw+ w   
answ] z an illu/ration ( h>ve/ "t1 or   
p]haps ! gift itself to be pack$ & s5t  
away4 ,our lesson 9 object draw+ may be 
f ^! or simil> objects4 ,9 ?is sket* a  
few v]tical /rokes give ! backgr\nd &   
box1 simil> curv+ /rokes ! b>rel1 &     
horizontal /rokes ! floor4 ,! vegetables
 are drawn by us+ ! sugge/ions f\nd 9   
,no4 #i1 ,plate #c4 ,! k]nels ( corn are
 repres5t$ by ! use ( a v small piece ( 
*alk & /roke ,no4 #aj1 & ! husks by us+ 

,no4 #e1 ,no4 #f1 & ,no4 #g1 ,plate #b4 
,! details are add$ ) ! po9t ( ! *alk1 &
 *>coal is us$ 9 ! %ad[s4               
,illu/ration3 ,plate #af   ,*ri/mas "t (
 all seasons 9 ! ye> is ! "o ! *ildr5   
mo/ love1 & !re are innum]able /ories & 
,*ri/mas lessons = ! little ones4 ,let  
me give y a few v]ses ,i he>d 9 ! fir/  
grade & ! illu/ration us$4              
,*ri/mas-day 0 com+1 ,*ri/mas-eve drew  
ne>2   ,fir-trees !y 7 talk+ l[1 at     
midnight cold & cle>1   ,& ?is is :at ! 
fir-tree said1 all 9 ! pale moonlight1  
,n[ :i* ( u %all *os5 be to grace !     
',holy ,night'8    ,! tall trees & !    
goodly trees rais$ ea* a l(ty head1   ,9
 glad & secret confid5ce1 ?o' n a ^w !y 
said1   ,b "o1 ! baby ( ! b&1 c\ld n    
re/ra9 a sigh3   ,y all w be approv$1   
said he1 b oh1 :at *ance h ,i8    ,i am 
s small1 s v small1 no "o w m>k or "k   
,h[ ?ick & gre5 my ne$les are1 h[ true  
my bran*es gr[2   ,few toys or c&les    
c\ld ,i hold1 b he>t & w are free1   ,& 
9 my he>t ( he>ts ,i "k ,i am a         

,*ri/mas-tree4  ,! *ildr5 told ( !      
woodman :o took 8 axe & />t$ 9 se>* ( a 
tree = 8 baby at home2 ( ! delight ( !  
little tree at be+ *os51 & ( ! joy ( !  
little daught] :5 %e saw x array$ &     
hold+ h] ,*ri/mas gifts4 ,! accompany+  
draw+ w s]ve z an illu/ration = ?is /ory
 or z a sket* ( ! =e/ 9 w9t]4  ,plate   
#af4 ,9 ?is sket* use ! /rokes sugge/$ =
 illu/rations ,no4 #ac1 ,plate #e1 &    
,no4 #bb1 ,plate #aj4 ,use ! side ( !   
*alk1 h>dly t\*+ ! bo>d & keep+ ! draw+ 
v gray4 ,acc5t ) a /rong pressure ! p>ts
 repres5t+ sn[4  ,?is is b "o sugge/ion4
 ,!re is ! inevitable ,*ri/mas tree ) ! 
toys & gifts1 ,santa ,claus be>+ 8      
bundle ( gifts or go+ d[n ! *imney1 & ! 
fireplace ) ! /ock+s1 all ( :i* are     
quickly drawn 9 ! mann] giv5 9 previ\s  
sket*es4  ,wa%+ton's bir?day br+s to m9d
 ! /ories ( 8 life1 & pictures may be   
f\nd illu/rat+ ^! incid5ts4 ,"o or two  
:i* all may see & discuss w prove       
valuable4  ,plate #ag w %[ a few draw+s 
:i* h be5 us$ to advantage4      ,a4    

,ne> ,wa%+ton's ,bir?place4     ,b4 ,mt4
 ,v]non4     ,c4 ,an old ,/age ,coa*4   
,9 ^! sket*es ! /rokes us$ are evid5t4  
,aga91 ,patriots' ,day & ,memorial ,day 
pres5t _m ideas 9 reg>d to blackbo>d    
draw+ & decoration4 ,"s ( ^!            
illu/rations are deplorable4 ,i well    
rememb] "o s*oolroom :i* ,i visit$ & !  
draw+s :i* 7 ^u ! bo>ds4 ,on "o side 0 a
 sket* ( a pyramid ( cannon balls1 next1
 sev]al guns /ack$1 !n two swords cross$
 at "r angles4 ,on ano!r side 0 a       
cannon1 a wrea? ( "s sort ar\nd ! /5cil$
 portrait ( a dead h]o1 a tomb/one ) an 
inscription1 & s on ab\t ! room1 ev]y?+ 
sugge/+ w>1 mis]y1 blood%$1 & dea?4  ,c 
we n f9d some?+ o!r ?an su*             
illu/rations1 & br+ to ! ?\ght ( !      
*ildr5 love ( home & c\ntry1 & a rev]5ce
 = ^? :o gave _! lives = _! protection8 
,illu/ration3 ,plate #ag   ,i h se5     
,plate #ah us$ 9 a s*oolroom & feel sure
 x p]=m$ its mission4   ,illu/ration3   
,plate #ah   ,plate #ai w p]haps sugge/ 
its use4 ,9 ^! draw+s ! bo>d is slightly

 cov]$ ) ei!r *alk or *>coal4 ,9 ,a ab\t
 t5 /rokes ( ! *alk & ! *>coal outl9e   
f9i% ! draw+ ( ! lant]n4 ,b is done     
almo/ entirely ) *>coal1 ! *alk be+ us$ 
only 9 a few gray tones & ! t\*es (     
light 9 ! di/ance4 ,c is produc$ by us+ 
! *alk 9 horizontal /rokes & wip+ out ! 
trees ) a clo?4 ,a few t\*es ( *>coal w 
give ! foliage1 & ! bridge is add$ )    
simple /rokes ) ! side ( ! *alk4        
,illu/ration3 ,plate #ai  ,illu/ration3 
,plate #bj   ,plate #bj4 ,?is 0 tak5 f a
 ,k9d]g>t5 room 9 :i* ! *ildr5 7        
celebrat+ ,froebel's bir?day4 ,! draw+s 
^u ?is plate 7 made by ! use ( ! simple 
/rokes giv5 or sugge/$ 9 ! plates %[n 9 
! fir/ "p ( ?is article4  ,!re are o!r  
days ( local int]e/ :i* are celebrat$ 9 
v>i\s localities & ! grade tea*] w f9d t
 ! use ( illu/rations w appeal to !     
*ildr51 hold _! int]e/ & impress ^u !m a
 c5tral ?\ght 9 ! lesson4  ,:e!r tea*+  
draw+ or "s o!r /udy 9 ! curriculum1 !  
tea*] aims to make 8 "w effective1 & if 
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