,transcribed from the #aiad ,a4 ,c4     
,fifield edition by ,david ,price1 email
  ccx#jgdpglaf4org                      
,picture3 ,public domain cover          
,,cambridge ,,pieces                    
,by                                     
,samuel ,butler              ,author of 
8,erewhon10 8,the ,way of ,all ,flesh10 
etc4                                    
99 99 99 99 99                          
,edited by ,r4 ,a4 ,streatfeild         
99 99 99 99 99                          
,london3 ,a4 ,c4 ,fifield               
#aiad          ,,contents               
,,page  ,on ,english ,composition and   
,other ,matters                         
#bje  ,our ,tour                        
#baa  ,translation from an ,unpublished 
,work of ,herodotus             #bcd    
,the shield of ,achilles1 with          
variations                       #bcg   
,prospectus of the ,great ,split        
,society                         #bci   
,powers                                 
#bdd  ,a skit on examinations           

#bea  ,an ,eminent ,person              
#bee  ,napoleon at ,st4 ,helena         
#bef  ,the ,two ,deans4  ,i4            
#beh  ,the ,two ,deans4  ,,ii4          
#bei  ,the ,battle of ,alma ,mater      
#bfa  ,on the ,italian ,priesthood      
#bfe  ,samuel ,butler and the           
,simeonites1 by ,a4 ,t4 ,bartholomew    
#bff          ,on ,english ,composition 
and ,other ,matters      ,this essay is 
believed to be the first composition by 
,samuel ,butler that  appeared in print4
  ,it was published in the first number 
of the ,,eagle1  a magazine written and 
edited by members of ,st4 ,john's       
,college1  ,cambridge1 in the ,lent     
,term1 #aheh1 when ,butler was in his   
fourth and  last year of residence4     
,from the ,eagle1 ,vol4 #a1 ,no4 #a1    
,lent ,term1 #aheh1 p4 #da4    ,i sit   
down scarcely knowing how to grasp my   
own meaning1 and give it a  tangible    
shape in words2 and yet it is concerning
 this very expression of  our thoughts  
in words that ,i wish to speak4  ,as ,i 

muse things fall more  into their proper
 places1 and1 little fit for the task as
 my confession  pronounces me to be1 ,i 
will try to make clear that which is in 
my mind4    ,i think1 then1 that the    
style of our authors of a couple of     
hundred years  ago was more terse and   
masculine than that of those of the     
present day1  possessing both more of   
the graphic element1 and more vigour1   
straightforwardness1 and conciseness4   
,most readers will have anticipated  me 
in admitting that a man should be clear 
of his meaning before he  endeavours to 
give to it any kind of utterance1 and   
that having made up  his mind what to   
say1 the less thought he takes how to   
say it1 more than  briefly1 pointedly1  
and plainly1 the better2 for instance1  
,bacon tells  us1 8,men fear death as   
children fear to go in the dark02 he    
does not say1  what ,i can imagine a    
last century writer to have said1 8,a   
feeling  somewhat analogous to the dread
 with which children are affected upon  

entering a dark room1 is that which most
 men entertain at the  contemplation of 
death40  ,jeremy ,taylor says1 8,tell   
them it is as much  intemperance to weep
 too much as to laugh too much02 he does
 not say1  8,all men will acknowledge   
that laughing admits of intemperance1   
but some  men may at first sight        
hesitate to allow that a similar        
imputation may be  at times attached to 
weeping40    ,i incline to believe that 
as irons support the rickety child1     
whilst they  impede the healthy one1 so 
rules1 for the most part1 are but useful
 to  the weaker among us4  ,our greatest
 masters in language1 whether prose or  
verse1 in painting1 music1 architecture1
 or the like1 have been those who       
preceded the rule and whose excellence  
gave rise thereto2 men who  preceded1 ,i
 should rather say1 not the rule1 but   
the discovery of the  rule1 men whose   
intuitive perception led them to the    
right practice4  ,we  cannot imagine    
,homer to have studied rules1 and the   

infant genius of  those giants of their 
art1 ,handel1 ,mozart1 and ,beethoven1  
who composed at  the ages of seven1     
five1 and ten1 must certainly have been 
unfettered by  them3 to the less        
brilliantly endowed1 however1 they have 
a use as being  compendious safeguards  
against error4  ,let me then lay down as
 the best  of all rules for writing1    
8forgetfulness of self1 and carefulness 
of the  matter in hand40  ,no simile is 
out of place that illustrates the       
subject2  in fact a simile as showing   
the symmetry of this world's            
arrangement1 is  always1 if a fair one1 
interesting2 every simile is amiss that 
leads the  mind from the contemplation  
of its object to the contemplation of   
its  author4  ,this will apply equally  
to the heaping up of unnecessary        
illustrations3 it is as great a fault to
 supply the reader with too many  as    
with too few2 having given him at most  
two1 it is better to let him  read      
slowly and think out the rest for       

himself than to surfeit him with  an    
abundance of explanation4  ,hood says   
well1        ,and thus upon the public  
mind intrude it2      ,as if ,i thought1
 like ,otaheitan cooks1      ,no food   
was fit to eat till ,i had chewed it4   
,a book that is worth reading will be   
worth reading thoughtfully1 and  there  
are but few good books1 save certain    
novels1 that it is well to  read in an  
arm-chair4  ,most will bear standing to4
  ,at the present time  we seem to lack 
the impassiveness and impartiality which
 was so marked  among the writings of   
our forefathers1 we are seldom content  
with the  simple narration of fact1 but 
must rush off into an almost declamatory
  description of them2 my meaning will  
be plain to all who have studied        
,thucydides4  ,the dignity of his       
simplicity is1 ,i think1 marred by those
  who put in the accessories which seem 
thought necessary in all present        
histories4  ,how few writers of the     
present day would not1 instead of       

rather write1 8,night fell upon this    
horrid scene  of bloodshed40 #bjg  ,this
 is somewhat a matter of taste1 but ,i  
think ,i  shall find some to agree with 
me in preferring for plain narration 7of
  course ,i exclude oratory7 the        
unadorned gravity of ,thucydides4       
,there  are1 indeed1 some writers of the
 present day who seem returning to the  
statement of facts rather than their    
adornment1 but these are not the  most  
generally admired4  ,this simplicity1   
however1 to be truly effective  must be 
unstudied2 it will not do to write with 
affected terseness1 a  charge which1 ,i 
think1 may be fairly preferred against  
,tacitus2 such a  style if ever         
effective must be so from excess of     
artifice and not from  that artlessness 
of simplicity which ,i should wish to   
see prevalent among  us4    ,neither    
again is it well to write and go over   
the ground again with the  pruning      
knife1 though this fault is better than 
the other2 to take care  of the matter1 

and let the words take care of          
themselves1 is the best  safeguard4     
,to this ,i shall be answered1 8,yes1   
but is not a diamond cut and polished  a
 more beautiful object than when rough80
  ,i grant it1 and more valuable1       
inasmuch as it has run chance of        
spoliation in the cutting1 but ,i       
maintain that the thinking man1 the man 
whose thoughts are great and  worth the 
consideration of others1 will 8deal in  
proprieties10 and will  from the mine of
 his thoughts produce ready-cut         
diamonds1 or rather will  cut them there
 spontaneously1 ere ever they see the   
light of day4    ,there are a few points
 still which it were well we should     
consider4  ,we  are all too apt when we 
sit down to study a subject to have     
already  formed our opinion1 and to     
weave all matter to the warp of our     
preconceived judgment1 to fall in with  
the received idea1 and1 with  biassed   
minds1 unconsciously to follow in the   
wake of public opinion1  while          

professing to lead it4  ,to the best of 
my belief half the dogmatism  of those  
we daily meet is in consequence of the  
unwitting practices of  this            
self-deception4  ,simply let us not talk
 about what we do not  understand1 save 
as learners1 and we shall not by writing
 mislead others4    ,there is no shame  
in being obliged to others for opinions1
 the shame is  not being honest enough  
to acknowledge it3 ,i would have no one 
omit to  put down a useful thought      
because it was not his own1 provided it 
tended  to the better expression of his 
matter1 and he did not conceal its      
source2 let him1 however1 set out the   
borrowed capital to interest4  ,one     
word more and ,i have done4  ,with      
regard to our subject1 the best rule is 
not to write concerning that about which
 we cannot at our present age  know     
anything save by a process which is     
commonly called cram3 on all  such      
matters there are abler writers than    
ourselves2 the men1 in fact1  from whom 

we cram4  ,never let us hunt after a    
subject1 unless we have  something which
 we feel urged on to say1 it is better  
to say nothing2 who  are so ridiculous  
as those who talk for the sake of       
talking1 save only  those who write for 
the sake of writing8  ,but there are    
subjects which  all young men think     
about4  ,who can take a walk in our     
streets and not  think8  ,the most      
trivial incident has ramifications1 to  
whose guidance if  we surrender our     
thoughts1 we are oft-times led upon a   
gold mine  unawares1 and no man whether 
old or young is worse for reading the   
ingenuous and unaffected statement of a 
young man's thoughts4  ,there are  some 
things in which experience blunts the   
mental vision1 as well as  others in    
which it sharpens it4  ,the former are  
best described by younger  men1 our     
province is not to lead public opinion1 
is not in fact to ape  our seniors1 and 
transport ourselves from our proper     
sphere1 it is rather  to show ourselves 

as we are1 to throw our thoughts before 
the public as  they rise1 without       
requiring it to imagine that we are     
right and others  wrong1 but hoping for 
the forbearance which ,i must beg the   
reader to  concede to myself1 and       
trusting to the genuineness and vigour  
of our  design to attract it may be more
 than a passing attention4    ,i am     
aware that ,i have digressed from the   
original purpose of my essay1  but ,i   
hope for pardon1 if1 believing the      
digression to be of more value  than the
 original matter1 ,i have not checked my
 pen1 but let it run on  even as my     
heart directed it4                      
,,cellarius4          ,our ,tour        
,this essay was published in the        
,,eagle1 ,vol4 #a1 ,no4 #e4 in the      
,easter ,term1 #ahei4  ,it describes a  
holiday trip made by ,butler in  ,june1 
#aheg1 in company with a friend whose   
name1 which was ,joseph  ,green1 ,butler
 ,italianised as ,giuseppe ,verdi4  ,i  
am permitted by  ,professor ,bonney to  

quote a few words from a private letter 
of his  referring to ,butler's tour3    
8,it was remarkable in the amount of    
ground  covered and the small sum spent1
 but still more in the direction taken  
in the first part of the tour4          
,dauphine was then almost a ,,terra     
,,incognita to ,english or any other    
travellers40          ,from the ,eagle1 
,vol4 #a1 ,no4 #e4  ,easter ,term1      
#ahei1 p4 #bda4    ,,as the vacation is 
near1 and many may find themselves with 
three weeks'  time on their hand1       
five-and-twenty pounds in their pockets1
 and the map  of ,europe before them1   
perhaps the following sketch of what can
 be  effected with such money and in    
such time1 may not come amiss to those1 
who1 like ourselves a couple of years   
ago1 are in doubt how to enjoy          
themselves most effectually after a     
term's hard reading4    ,to some1       
probably1 the tour we decided upon may  
seem too hurried1 and the  fatigue too  
great for too little profit2 still even 

to these it may  happen that a portion  
of the following pages may be useful4   
,indeed1 the  tour was scarcely         
conceived at first in its full extent1  
originally we  had intended devoting    
ourselves entirely to the ,french       
architecture of  ,normandy and          
,brittany4  ,then we grew ambitious1 and
 stretched our  imaginations to ,paris4 
,then the longing for a snowy mountain  
waxed1 and  the love of ,french ,gothic 
waned1 and we determined to explore the 
,french  ,alps4  ,then we thought that  
we must just step over them and take a  
peep  into ,italy1 and so1 disdaining to
 return by the road we had already      
travelled1 we would cut off the         
north-west corner of ,italy1 and cross  
the  ,alps again into ,switzerland1     
where1 of course1 we must see the cream 
of  what was to be seen2 and then       
thinking it possible that our three     
weeks  and our five-and-twenty pounds   
might be looking foolish1 we would      
return1  via ,strasburg to ,paris1 and  

so to ,cambridge4  ,this plan we        
eventually  carried into execution1     
spending not a penny more money1 nor an 
hour's  more time2 and1 despite the     
declarations which met us on all sides  
that  we could never achieve anything   
like all we had intended1 ,i hope to be 
able to show how we did achieve it1 and 
how anyone else may do the like  if he  
has a mind4  ,a person with a good deal 
of energy might do much more  than this2
 we ourselves had at one time           
entertained thoughts of going to  ,rome 
for two days1 and thence to ,naples1    
walking over the ,monte ,st4  ,angelo   
from ,castellamare to ,amalfi 7which for
 my own part ,i cherish with  fond      
affection1 as being far the most lovely 
thing that ,i have ever  seen71 and then
 returning as with a ,nunc ,dimittis1   
and ,i still think it  would have been  
very possible2 but1 on the whole1 such a
 journey would  not have been so well1  
for the long tedious road between       
,marseilles and  ,paris would have twice

 been traversed by us1 to say nothing of
 the sea  journey between ,marseilles   
and ,civit ,vecchia4  ,however1 no more 
of what  might have been1 let us proceed
 to what was4    ,if on ,tuesday1 ,june 
#i i4e4 #aheg1 you leave ,london ,bridge
 at six o'clock  in the morning1 you    
will get 7via ,newhaven7 to ,dieppe at  
fifteen minutes  past three4  ,if on    
landing you go to the ,hotel ,victoria1 
you will find  good accommodation and a 
table d'hte at five o'clock2 you can    
then go  and admire the town1 which will
 not be worth admiring1 but which will  
fill you with pleasure on account of the
 novelty and freshness of  everything   
you meet2 whether it is the old         
bonnet-less1 short-petticoated  women   
walking arm and arm with their          
grandsons1 whether the church with  its 
quaint sculpture of the ,entombment of  
our ,lord1 and the sad votive  candles  
ever guttering in front of it1 or       
whether the plain evidence that  meets  
one at every touch and turn1 that one is

 among people who live out  of doors    
very much more than ourselves1 or what  
not--all will be charming1  and if you  
are yourself in high spirits and health1
 full of anticipation  and well inclined
 to be pleased with all you see1 ,dieppe
 will appear a  very charming place1 and
 one which a year or two hence you will 
fancy  that you would like to revisit4  
,but now we must leave it at forty-five 
minutes past seven1 and at twelve       
o'clock on ,tuesday night we shall find 
ourselves in ,paris4  ,we drive off to  
the ,htel de ,normandie in the ,rue     
,st4 ,honor1 #bij 7,i think71 stroll out
 and get a cup of coffee1 and return  to
 bed at one o'clock4    ,the next day we
 spent in ,paris1 and of it no account  
need be given1 save  perhaps the reader 
may be advised to ascend the ,arc de    
,triomphe1 and not  to waste his time in
 looking at ,napoleon's hats and coats  
and shoes in  the ,louvre2 to eschew all
 the picture rooms save the one with the
  ,murillos1 and the great gallery1 and 

to dine at the ,dners de ,paris4  ,if   
he asks leave to wash his hands before  
dining there1 he will observe a  little 
astonishment among the waiters at the   
barbarian cleanliness of the  ,english1 
and be shown into a little room1 where a
 diminutive bowl will be  proffered to  
him1 of which more anon2 let him first  
7as we did7 wash or  rather sprinkle his
 face as best he can1 and then we will  
tell him after  dinner what we generally
 do with the bowls in question4  ,i     
forget how  many things they gave us1   
but ,i am sure many more than would be  
pleasant  to read1 nor do ,i remember   
any circumstance connected with the     
dinner1  save that on occasion of one of
 the courses1 the waiter perceiving a   
little perplexity on my part as to how  
,i should manage an artichoke  served   
la franaise1 feelingly removed my knife 
and fork from my hand  and cut it up    
himself into six mouthfuls1 returning me
 the whole with a  sigh of gratitude for
 the escape of the artichoke from a     

barbarous and  unnatural end2 and then  
after dinner they brought us little     
tumblers of  warm lavender scent and    
water to wash our mouths out1 and the   
little  bowls to spit into2 but enough  
of eating1 we must have some more coffee
  at a caf on the ,boulevards1 watch the
 carriages and the people and the       
dresses and the sunshine and all the    
pomps and vanities which the            
,boulevards have not yet renounced2     
return to the inn1 fetch our  knapsacks1
 and be off to the ,chemin de ,fer de   
,lyon by forty-five minutes  past seven2
 our train leaves at five minutes past  
eight1 and we are  booked to ,grenoble4 
,all night long the train speeds towards
 the south4  ,we leave ,sens with its   
grey cathedral solemnly towering in the 
moonlight  a mile on the left4  7,how   
few remember1 that to the architect     
,william of  ,sens we owe ,canterbury   
,cathedral47  ,fontainebleau is on the  
right1  station after station wakes up  
our dozing senses1 while ever in our    

ears  are ringing as through the dim    
light we gaze on the surrounding        
country1  8the pastures of ,switzerland 
and the poplar valleys of ,france40     
,it is still dark--as dark1 that is1 as 
the midsummer night will allow it  to   
be1 when we are aware that we have      
entered on a tunnel2 a long tunnel1     
very long--,i fancy there must be high  
hills above it2 for ,i remember that    
some few years ago when ,i was          
travelling up from ,marseilles to ,paris
 in  midwinter1 all the way from        
,avignon 7between which place and ,chlon
 the  railway was not completed71 there 
had been a dense frozen fog2 on neither 
hand could anything beyond the road be  
descried1 while every bush and  tree was
 coated with a thick and steadily       
increasing fringe of silver  hoar-frost1
 for the night and day1 and half-day    
that it took us to reach  this tunnel1  
all was the same--bitter cold dense fog 
and ever silently  increasing           
hoar-frost3 but on emerging from it1 the

 whole scene was  completely changed2   
the air was clear1 the sun shining      
brightly1 no  hoar-frost and only a few 
patches of fast melting snow1 everything
 in  fact betokening a thaw of some     
days' duration4  ,another thing ,i know 
about this tunnel which makes me regard 
it with veneration as a boundary  line  
in countries1 namely1 that on every high
 ground after this tunnel on  clear days
 ,mont ,blanc may be seen4  ,true1 it is
 only very rarely seen1  but ,i have    
known those who have seen it2 and       
accordingly touch my  companion on the  
side1 and say1 8,we are within sight of 
the ,alps02 a few  miles farther on and 
we are at ,dijon4  ,it is still very    
early morning1 ,i  think about three    
o'clock1 but we feel as if we were      
already at the ,alps1  and keep looking 
anxiously out for them1 though we well  
know that it is a  moral impossibility  
that we should see them for some hours  
at the least4  ,indian corn comes in    
after ,dijon2 the oleanders begin to    

come out of  their tubs2 the peach      
trees1 apricots1 and nectarines unnail  
themselves  from the walls1 and stand   
alone in the open fields4  ,the         
vineyards are  still scrubby1 but the   
practised eye readily detects with each 
hour some  slight token that we are     
nearer the sun than we were1 or1 at any 
rate1  farther from the ,north ,pole4   
,we don't stay long at ,dijon nor at    
,chlon1  at ,lyons we have an hour to   
wait2 breakfast off a basin of caf au   
lait  and a huge hunch of bread1 get a  
miserable wash1 compared with which the 
spittoons of the ,dners de ,paris were  
luxurious1 and return in time to        
proceed to ,st4 ,rambert1 whence the    
railroad branches off to ,grenoble4  ,it
  is very beautiful between ,lyons and  
,st4 ,rambert4  ,the mulberry trees show
  the silkworm to be a denizen of the   
country1 while the fields are           
dazzlingly brilliant with poppies and   
salvias2 on the other side of the  ,rhne
 rise high cloud-capped hills1 but      

towards the ,alps we strain our  eyes in
 vain4    ,at ,st4 ,rambert the railroad
 to ,grenoble branches off at right     
angles to  the main line1 it was then   
only complete as far as ,rives1 now it  
is  continued the whole way to          
,grenoble2 by which the reader will save
 some  two or three hours1 but miss a   
beautiful ride from ,rives to ,grenoble 
by  the road4  ,the valley bears the    
name of ,grsivaudan4  ,it is very rich  
and  luxuriant1 the vineyards are more  
,italian1 the fig trees larger than we  
have yet seen them1 patches of snow     
whiten the higher hills1 and we feel    
that we are at last indeed among the    
outskirts of the ,alps themselves4  ,i  
am told that we should have stayed at   
,voreppe1 seen the ,grande ,chartreuse  
7for which see ,murray71 and then gone  
on to ,grenoble1 but we were pressed    
for time and could not do everything4   
,at ,grenoble we arrived about two      
o'clock1 washed comfortably at last and 
then dined2 during dinner a  calche was 

preparing to drive us on to ,bourg      
d',oisans1 a place some  six or seven   
and thirty miles farther on1 and by     
thirty minutes past  three we find      
ourselves reclining easily within it1   
and digesting dinner  with the          
assistance of a little packet1 for which
 we paid  one-and-fourpence at the      
well-known shop of ,mr4 ,bacon1         
,market-square1  ,cambridge4  ,it is    
very charming4  ,the air is sweet1 warm1
 and sunny1  there has been bad weather 
for some days here1 but it is clearing  
up2 the  clouds are lifting themselves  
hour by hour1 we are evidently going to 
have a pleasant spell of fine weather4  
,the calche jolts a little1 and  the    
horse is decidedly shabby1 both qua     
horse and qua harness1 but  our         
moustaches are growing1 and our general 
appearance is in keeping4  ,the wine was
 very pleasant at ,grenoble1 and we have
 a pound of ripe  cherries between us2  
so1 on the whole1 we would not change   
with his ,royal  ,highness ,prince      

,albert or all the ,royal ,family1 and  
jolt on through the  long straight      
poplar avenue that colonnades the road  
above the level  swamp and beneath the  
hills1 and turning a sharp angle enter  
,vizille1 a  wretched place1 only       
memorable because from this point we    
begin  definitely1 though slowly1 to    
enter the hills and ascend by the side  
of  the ,romanche through the valley1   
which that river either made or         
found--who knows or cares8  ,but we do  
know very well that we are driving  up a
 very exquisitely beautiful valley1 that
 the ,romanche takes longer  leaps from 
rock to rock than she did1 that the     
hills have closed in upon  us1 that we  
see more snow each time the valley      
opens1 that the villages  get scantier1 
and that at last a great giant iceberg  
walls up the way in  front1 and we feast
 our eyes on the long-desired sight till
 after that  the setting sun has tinged 
it purple 7a sure sign of a fine day71  
its  ghastly pallor shows us that the   

night is upon us4  ,it is cold1 and we  
are not sorry at half-past nine to find 
ourselves at ,bourg d',oisans1  where   
there is a very fair inn kept by one    
,martin2 we get a comfortable  supper of
 eggs and go to bed fairly tired4       
,this we must remind the reader is      
,thursday night1 on ,tuesday morning we 
left ,london1 spent one day in ,paris1  
and are now sleeping among the ,alps1   
sharpish work1 but very satisfactory1   
and a prelude to better things by  and  
by4  ,the next day we made rather a     
mistake1 instead of going straight  on  
to ,brianon we went up a valley towards 
,mont ,pelvoux 7a mountain  nearly      
#ad1jjj feet high71 intending to cross a
 high pass above ,la ,brarde  down to   
,brianon1 but when we got to ,st4       
,christophe we were told the pass  would
 not be open till ,august1 so returned  
and slept a second night at  ,bourg     
d',oisans4  ,the valley1 however1 was   
all that could be desired1  mingled sun 
and shadow1 tumbling river1 rich wood1  

and mountain pastures1  precipices all  
around1 and snow-clad summits           
continually unfolding  themselves2      
,murray is right in calling the valley  
above ,venosc a scene of  savage        
sterility4  ,at ,venosc1 in the poorest 
of hostelries was a tuneless  cracked   
old instrument1 half piano1 half        
harpsichord--how it ever found  its way 
there we were at a loss to conceive--and
 an irrelevant clock that  struck seven 
times by fits and starts at its own     
convenience during our  one o'clock     
dinner2 we returned to ,bourg d',oisans 
at seven1 and were in  bed by nine4     
,saturday1 ,june #ac4    ,having found  
that a conveyance to ,brianon was beyond
 our finances1 and  that they would not 
take us any distance at a reasonable    
charge1 we  determined to walk the whole
 fifty miles in the day1 and half-way   
down  the mountains1 sauntering         
listlessly accordingly left ,bourg      
d',oisans at a  few minutes before five 
in the morning4  ,the clouds were       

floating over  the uplands1 but they    
soon began to rise1 and before seven    
o'clock the  sky was cloudless2 along   
the road were passing hundreds of people
 7though  it was only five in the       
morning7 in detachments of from two to  
nine1 with  cattle1 sheep1 pigs1 and    
goats1 picturesque enough but miserably 
lean and  gaunt3 we leave them to       
proceed to the fair1 and after a three  
miles'  level walk through a straight   
poplar avenue1 commence ascending far   
above  the ,romanche2 all day long we   
slowly ascend1 stopping occasionally to 
refresh ourselves with vin ordinaire and
 water1 but making steady way  in the   
main1 though heavily weighted and under 
a broiling sun1 at one we  reach ,la    
,grave1 which is opposite the ,mont de  
,lans1 a most superb  mountain4  ,the   
whole scene equal to anything in        
,switzerland1 as far as  the mountains  
go4  ,the ,mont de ,lans is opposite the
 windows1 seeming  little more than a   
stone's throw off1 and causing my       

companion 7whose  name ,i will1 with his
 permission1 ,italianise into that of   
the famous  composer ,giuseppe ,verdi7  
to think it a mere nothing to mount to  
the top  of those sugared pinnacles     
which he will not believe are many miles
  distant in reality4  ,after dinner we 
trudge on1 the scenery constantly       
improving1 the snow drawing down to us1 
and the ,romanche dwindling  hourly2 we 
reach the top of the ,col du ,lautaret1 
which ,murray must  describe2 ,i can    
only say that it is first-class scenery4
  ,the flowers are  splendid1 acres and 
acres of wild narcissus1 the ,alpine    
cowslip1  gentians1 large purple and    
yellow anemones1 soldanellas1 and the   
whole  kith and kin of the high ,alpine 
pasture flowers2 great banks of snow lie
  on each side of the road1 and probably
 will continue to do so till the  middle
 of ,july1 while all around are glaciers
 and precipices innumerable4    ,we only
 got as far as ,montier after all1 for1 
reaching that town at  half-past eight1 

and finding that ,brianon was still     
eight miles further  on1 we preferred   
resting there at the miserable but cheap
 and honest  ,htel de l',europe2 had we 
gone on a little farther we should have 
found a  much better one1 but we were   
tired with our forty-two miles' walk1   
and1  after a hasty supper and a quiet  
pipe1 over which we watch the last      
twilight on the ,alps above ,brianon1 we
 turn in very tired but very much       
charmed4    ,sunday morning was the     
clearest and freshest morning that ever 
tourists  could wish for1 the grass     
crisply frozen 7for we are some three or
 four  thousand feet above the sea71 the
 glaciers descending to a level but     
little higher than the road2 a fine     
range of ,alps in front over ,brianon1  
and the road winding down past a new    
river 7for we have long lost the        
,romanche7 towards the town1 which is   
some six or seven miles distant4    ,it 
was a fte--the ,fte du bon ,dieu1       
celebrated annually on this day         

throughout all this part of the country2
 in all the villages there were  little 
shrines erected1 adorned with strings of
 blue corncockle1  narcissus heads1 and 
poppies1 bunches of green1 pink1 and    
white calico1  moss and fir-tree        
branches1 and in the midst of these     
tastefully arranged  bowers was an image
 of the ,virgin and her ,son1 with      
whatever other saints  the place was    
possessed of4    ,at ,brianon1 which we 
reached 7in a trap7 at eight o'clock1   
these  demonstrations were more         
imposing1 but less pleasing2 the        
soldiers1 too1  were being drilled and  
exercised1 and the whole scene was one  
of the  greatest animation1 such as     
,frenchmen know how to exhibit on the   
morning  of a gala day4    ,leaving our 
trap at ,brianon and making a hasty     
breakfast at the ,htel de  la ,paix1 we 
walked up a very lonely valley towards  
,cervires4  ,i dare not  say how many   
hours we wended our way up the brawling 
torrent without  meeting a soul or      

seeing a human habitation2 it was       
fearfully hot too1  and we longed for   
vin ordinaire2 ,cervires seemed as      
though it never  would come--still the  
same rugged precipices1 snow-clad       
heights1 brawling  torrent1 and stony   
road1 butterflies beautiful and         
innumerable1 flowers  to match1 sky     
cloudless4  ,at last we are there2      
through the town1 or  rather village1   
the river rushes furiously1 the         
dismantled houses and  gaping walls     
affording palpable traces of the fearful
 inundations of the  previous year1 not 
a house near the river was sound1 many  
quite  uninhabitable1 and more such as  
,i am sure few of us would like to      
inhabit4  ,however1 it is ,cervires such
 as it is1 and we hope for our  vin     
ordinaire2 but1 alas6--not a human      
being1 man1 woman or child1 is to  be   
seen1 the houses are all closed1 the    
noonday quiet holds the hill with  a    
vengeance1 unbroken1 save by the        
ceaseless roar of the river4    ,while  

we were pondering what this loneliness  
could mean1 and wherefore we  were      
unable to make an entrance even into the
 little auberge that  professed to loger
  pied et  cheval1 a kind of low wail or
 chaunt  began to make itself heard from
 the other side of the river2 wild and  
strange1 yet full of a music of its own1
 it took my friend and myself so  much  
by surprise that we almost thought for  
the moment that we had  trespassed on to
 the forbidden ground of some fairy     
people who lived  alone here1 high amid 
the sequestered valleys where mortal    
steps were  rare1 but on going to the   
corner of the street we were undeceived 
indeed1  but most pleasurably surprised 
by the pretty spectacle that presented  
itself4    ,for from the church opposite
 first were pouring forth a string of   
young  girls clad in their ,sunday's    
best1 then followed the youths1 as in   
duty  bound1 then came a few monks or   
friars or some such folk1 carrying the  
,virgin1 then the men of the place1 then

 the women and lesser children1  all    
singing after their own rough fashion2  
the effect was electrical1 for  in a few
 minutes the procession reached us1 and 
dispersing itself far and  wide1 filled 
the town with as much life as it had    
before been lonely4  ,it  was like a    
sudden introduction of the whole company
 on to the theatre  after the stage has 
been left empty for a minute1 and to us 
was doubly  welcome as affording us some
 hope of our wine4    8,vous tes        
,piedmontais1 monsieur10 said one to me4
  ,i denied the  accusation4  8,alors   
vous tes ,allemands40  ,i again denied  
and said we  were ,english1 whereon they
 opened their eyes wide and said1       
8,anglais1--mais c'est une autre chose10
 and seemed much pleased1 for the       
alliance was then still in full favour4 
,it caused them a little  disappointment
 that we were ,protestants1 but they    
were pleased at being  able to tell us  
that there was a ,protestant minister   
higher up the valley  which we said     

would 8do us a great deal of pleasure40 
,the vin ordinaire was execrable--they  
only1 however1 charged us nine  sous for
 it1 and on our giving half a franc and 
thinking ourselves  exceedingly stingy  
for not giving a whole one1 they shouted
 out 8,voil  les ,anglais1 voil la      
generosit des ,anglais10 with evident   
sincerity4  ,i  thought to myself that  
the less we ,english corrupted the      
primitive  simplicity of these good     
folks the better2 it was really         
refreshing to  find several people      
protesting about one's generosity for   
having paid a  halfpenny more for a     
bottle of wine than was expected2 at    
,montier we  asked whether many ,english
 came there1 and they told us yes1 a    
great  many1 there had been fifteen     
there last year1 but ,i should imagine  
that  scarcely fifteen could travel up  
past ,cervires1 and yet the ,english    
character be so little known as to be   
still evidently popular4    ,i don't    
know what o'clock it was when we left   

,cervires--midday ,i should  imagine2 we
 left the river on our left and began to
 ascend a mountain  pass called         
,izouard1 as far as ,i could make out1  
but will not pledge  myself to have     
caught the name correctly2 it was more  
lonely than ever1  very high1 much more 
snow on the top than on the previous day
 over the  ,col du ,lautaret1 the path  
scarcely distinguishable1 indeed quite  
lost in  many places1 very beautiful but
 not so much so as the ,col du          
,lautaret1  and better on descending    
towards ,queyras than on ascending2 from
 the  summit of the pass the view of the
 several ,alpine chains about is very   
fine1 but from the entire absence of    
trees of any kind it is more rugged  and
 barren than ,i altogether liked2 going 
down towards ,queyras we found  the     
letters ,s4,i4,c4 marked on a rock1     
evidently with the spike of an          
alpine-stock1--we wondered whether they 
stood for ,st4 ,john's ,college4    ,we 
reached ,queyras at about four very     

tired1 for yesterday's work was  heavy1 
and refresh ourselves with a huge       
omelette and some good ,provence  wine4 
,reader1 don't go into that auberge1    
carry up provision from ,brianon1  or at
 any rate carry the means of eating it3 
they have only two knives in  the place1
 one for the landlord and one for the   
landlady2 these are clasp  knives1 and  
they carry them in their pockets2 ,i    
used the landlady's1 my  companion had  
the other2 the room was very like a     
cow-house--dark1 wooden1  and smelling  
strongly of manure2 outside ,i saw that 
one of the beams  supporting a huge     
projecting balcony that ran round the   
house was resting  on a capital of white
 marble--a ,lombard capital that had    
evidently seen  better days1 they could 
not tell us whence it came4  ,meat they 
have none1  so we gorge ourselves with  
omelette1 and at half-past five trudge  
on1 for  we have a long way to go yet1  
and no alternative but to proceed4      
,abris is the name of the place we      

stopped at that night2 it was           
pitch-dark when we reached it1 and the  
whole town was gone to bed1 but by      
great good luck we found a caf still    
open 7the inn was shut up for the       
night71 and there we lodged4  ,i dare   
not say how many miles we had  walked1  
but we were still plucky1 and having    
prevailed at last on the  landlord to   
allow us clean sheets on our beds       
instead of the dirty ones  he and his   
wife had been sleeping on since         
,christmas1 and making the best  of the 
solitary decanter and pie dish which was
 all the washing  implements we were    
allowed 7not a toothmug even extra71 we 
had coffee and  bread and brandy for    
supper1 and retired at about eleven to  
the soundest  sleep in spite of our     
somewhat humble accommodation4  ,if     
nasty1 at any  rate it was cheap2 they  
charged us a franc a piece for our      
suppers1 beds1  and two cigars2 we went 
to the inn to breakfast1 where1 though  
the  accommodation was somewhat better1 

the charge was most extortionate4       
,murray is quite right in saying the    
travellers should bargain beforehand  at
 this inn 7chez ,richard72 ,i think they
 charged us five francs for the  most   
ordinary breakfast4  ,from this place we
 started at about nine1 and  took a     
guide as far as the top of the ,col de  
la ,croix ,haute1 having too  nearly    
lost our way yesterday2 the paths have  
not been traversed much  yet1 and the   
mule and sheep droppings are but scanty 
indicators of the  direction of paths of
 which the winds and rain have          
obliterated all other  traces4    ,the  
,col de la ,croix ,haute is rightly     
named1 it was very high1 but not so     
hard to ascend until we reached the     
snow4  ,on the ,italian side it is      
terribly steep1 from the ,french side1  
however1 the slope is more gradual4     
,the snow was deeper at the top of this 
pass than on either of the two  previous
 days2 in many places we sank deep in1  
but had no real difficulty  in crossing2

 on the ,italian side the snow was gone 
and the path soon  became clear enough1 
so we sent our guide to the right about 
and trudged  on alone4    ,a sad        
disappointment1 however1 awaited us1 for
 instead of the clear air  that we had  
heretofore enjoyed1 the clouds were     
rolling up from the  valley1 and we     
entirely lost the magnificent view of   
the plains of  ,lombardy which we ought 
to have seen2 this was our first mishap1
 and we  bore it heroically4  ,a lunch  
may be had at ,prali1 and there the     
,italian  tongue will be heard for the  
first time4    ,we must have both looked
 very questionable personages1 for ,i   
remember  that a man present asked me   
for a cigar2 ,i gave him two1 and he    
proffered  a sou in return as a matter  
of course4    ,shortly below ,prali the 
clouds drew off1 or rather we reached a 
lower  level1 so that they were above   
us1 and now the walnut and the chestnut1
  the oak and the beech have driven away
 the pines of the other side1 not  that 

there were many of them2 soon1 too1 the 
vineyards come in1 the  ,indian corn    
again flourishes everywhere1 the        
cherries grow ripe as we  descend1 and  
in an hour or two we felt to our great  
joy that we were  fairly in ,italy4     
,the descent is steep beyond compare1   
for ,la ,tour1 which we reached by  four
 o'clock1 is quite on the plain1 very   
much on a level with ,turin--,i do  not 
remember any descent between the        
two--and the pass cannot be much  under 
eight thousand feet4    ,passports are  
asked at ,bobbio1 but the very sight of 
the ,english name was  at that time     
sufficient to cause the passport to be  
returned  unscrutinised4    ,la ,tour is
 a ,protestant place1 or at any rate    
chiefly so1 indeed all the  way from    
,cervires we have been among people half
 ,protestant and half  ,romanist2 these 
were the ,waldenses of the ,middle      
,ages1 they are handsome1  particularly 
the young women1 and ,i should fancy an 
honest simple race  enough1 but not over

 clean4    ,as a proof that we were in  
,italy we happened while waiting for    
table  d'hte to be leaning over the     
balcony that ran round the house and    
passed  our bedroom door1 when a man and
 a girl came out with two large pails in
  their hands1 and we watched them      
proceed to a cart with a barrel in it1  
which was in a corner of the yard2 we   
had been wondering what was in the      
barrel and were glad to see them        
commence tapping it1 when lo6 out       
spouted the blood-red wine with which   
they actually half filled their  pails  
before they left the spot4  ,this was as
 ,italy should be4  ,after  dinner1 too1
 as we stroll in the showy ,italian sort
 of piazza near the  inn1 the florid    
music which fills the whole square1     
accompanied by a  female voice of some  
pretensions1 again thoroughly           
,italianises the scene1  and when she   
struck up our ,english national anthem  
7with such a bass  accompaniment67      
nothing could be imagined more          

incongruous4    ,sleeping at ,la ,tour  
at the hotel kept by ,m4 ,gai 7which is 
very good1  clean1 and cheap71 we left  
next morning1 i4e4 ,tuesday1 ,june #af1 
at four  by diligence for ,pinerolo1    
thence by rail to ,turin where we spent 
the  day4  ,it was wet and we saw no    
vestiges of the ,alps4    ,turin is a   
very handsome city1 very regularly      
built1 the streets running  nearly all  
parallel to and at right angles with    
each other2 there are no  suburbs1 and  
the consequence is that at the end of   
every street one sees  the country2 the 
,alps surround the city like a          
horseshoe1 and hence many  of the       
streets seem actually walled in with a  
snowy mountain4  ,nowhere  are the ,alps
 seen to greater advantage than from    
,turin4  ,i speak from the  experience1 
not of the journey ,i am describing1 but
 of a previous one4  ,from the ,superga 
the view is magnificent1 but from the   
hospital for  soldiers just above the   
,po on the eastern side of the city the 

view is  very similar1 and the city seen
 to greater advantage4  ,the ,po is a   
fine  river1 but very muddy1 not like   
the ,ticino which has the advantage of  
getting washed in the ,lago ,maggiore4  
,on the whole ,turin is well worth      
seeing4  ,leaving it1 however1 on       
,wednesday morning we arrived at ,arona 
about half-past eleven3 the country     
between the two places is flat1 but     
rich and well cultivated3 much rice is  
grown1 and in consequence the  whole    
country easily capable of being laid    
under water1 a thing which ,i  should   
imagine the ,piedmontese would not be   
slow to avail themselves of2  we ought  
to have had the ,alps as a background to
 the view1 but they were  still veiled4 
,it was here that a countryman1 seeing  
me with one or two  funny little pipes  
which ,i had bought in ,turin1 asked me 
if ,i was a  fabricante di pipi--a      
pipe-maker4    ,by the time that we were
 at ,arona the sun had appeared1 and the
 clouds  were gone2 here1 too1 we       

determined to halt for half a day1      
neither of us  being quite the thing1 so
 after a visit to the colossal statue of
 ,san  ,carlo1 which is very fine and   
imposing1 we laid ourselves down under  
the  shade of some chestnut trees above 
the lake1 and enjoyed the extreme       
beauty of everything around us1 until we
 fell fast asleep1 and yet even  in     
sleep we seemed to retain a             
consciousness of the unsurpassable      
beauty  of the scene4  ,after dinner 7we
 were stopping at the ,htel de la       
,poste1 a  very nice inn indeed7 we took
 a boat and went across the lake to     
,angera1  a little town just opposite2  
it was in the ,austrian territory1 but  
they  made no delay about admitting us2 
the reason of our excursion was1 that   
we might go and explore the old castle  
there1 which is seated on an            
inconsiderable eminence above the lake4 
,it affords an excellent example  of    
,italian domestic ,gothic of the ,middle
 ,ages2 ,san ,carlo was born and        

resided here1 and1 indeed1 if           
saintliness were to depend upon beauty  
of  natural scenery1 no wonder at his   
having been a saint4    ,the castle is  
only tenanted by an old man who keeps   
the place2 we found  him cooking his    
supper over a small crackling fire of   
sticks1 which he  had lighted in the    
main hall2 his feeble old voice chirps  
about ,san ,carlo  this and ,san ,carlo 
that as we go from room to room4  ,we   
have no carpets  here--plain honest     
brick floors--the chairs1 indeed1 have  
once been covered  with velvet1 but they
 are now so worn that one can scarcely  
detect that  they have been so1 the     
tables warped and worm-eaten1 the few1  
that is1  that remained there1 the      
shutters cracked and dry with the sun   
and summer  of so many hundred years--no
 ,renaissance work here1 yet for all    
that there  was something about it which
 made it to me the only really          
pleasurable  nobleman's mansion that ,i 
have ever been over2 the view from the  

top is  superb1 and then the row home to
 ,arona1 the twinkling lights softly    
gleaming in the lake1 the bells jangling
 from the tall and gaudy  campaniles1   
the stillness of the summer night--so   
warm and yet so  refreshing on the      
water2 hush1 there are some people      
singing--how sweetly  their voices are  
borne to us upon the slight breath of   
wind that alone is  stirring2 oh1 it is 
a cruel thing to think of war in        
connection with such  a spot as this1   
and yet from this very ,angera to this  
very ,arona it is  that the ,austrians  
have been crossing to commence their    
attack on  ,sardinia4  ,i fear these    
next summer nights will not be broken   
with the  voice of much singing and that
 we shall have to hush for the roaring  
of  cannon4    ,i never knew before how 
melodiously frogs can croak--there is a 
sweet  guttural about some of these that
 ,i never heard in ,england3 before     
going  to bed1 ,i remember particularly 
one amorous batrachian courting malgr   

sa maman regaled us with a lusciously   
deep rich croak1 that served as a  good 
accompaniment for the shrill whizzing   
sound of the cigales4    ,my space is   
getting short1 but fortunately we are   
getting on to ground  better known2 ,i  
will therefore content myself with      
sketching out the  remainder of our tour
 and leaving the reader to ,murray for  
descriptions4    ,we left ,arona with   
regret on ,thursday morning 7,june #ah71
 took steamer to  the ,isola ,bella1    
which is an example of how far human    
extravagance and  folly can spoil a     
rock1 which had it been left alone would
 have been very  beautiful1 and thence  
by a little boat went to ,baveno2 thence
 we took  diligence for ,domo d',ossola2
 the weather clouded towards evening and
 big  raindrops beginning to descend we 
thought it better to proceed at once by 
the same diligence over the ,simplon2 we
 did not care to walk the pass in  wet1 
therefore leaving ,domo d',ossola at ten
 o'clock that night we arrived  at      

,iselle about two2 the weather clearing 
we saw the gorge of ,gondo and  walked a
 good way up the pass in the early      
morning by the diligence2  breakfasted  
at ,simplon at four o'clock in the      
morning1 and without  waiting a moment  
as soon as we got out at ,brieg set off 
for ,visp1 which  we reached at twelve  
on foot2 we washed and dressed there1   
dined and  advanced to ,leuk1 and thence
 up the most exquisitely beautiful road 
to  ,leukerbad1 which we reached at     
about eight o'clock after a very        
fatiguing  day4  ,the ,htel de la       
,france is clean and cheap4  ,next      
morning we left at  half-past five and1 
crossing the ,gemini1 got to ,frutigen  
at half-past  one1 took an open trap    
after dinner and drove to ,interlaken1  
which we  reached on the ,saturday night
 at eight o'clock1 the weather first    
rate2  ,sunday we rested at ,interlaken2
 on ,monday we assailed the ,wengern    
,alp1  but the weather being pouring wet
 we halted on the top and spent the     

night there1 being rewarded by the most 
transcendent evening view of the        
,jungfrau1 ,eiger1 and ,mnch in the     
clear cold air seen through a thin veil 
of semi-transparent cloud that was      
continually scudding across them4       
,next morning early we descended to     
,grindelwald1 thence past the upper     
glacier under the ,wetterhorn over the  
,scheidegg to ,rosenlaui1 where we      
dined and saw the glacier1 after dinner1
 descending the valley we visited  the  
falls of ,reichenbach 7which the reader 
need not do if he means to see  those of
 the ,aar at ,handegg71 and leaving     
,meyringen on our left we  recommenced  
an ascent of the valley of the ,aar1    
sleeping at ,guttannen1  about ten miles
 farther on4    ,next day1 i4e4         
,wednesday1 ,june #bd1 leaving          
,guttannen very early1 passing  the     
falls of ,handegg1 which are first rate1
 we reached the hospice at  nine2 had   
some wine there1 and crawled on through 
the snow and up the  rocks to the summit

 of the pass--here we met an old lady1  
in a blue ugly1  with a pair of green   
spectacles1 carried in a chaise         
porteur2 she had  taken it into her head
 in her old age that she would like to  
see a little  of the world1 and here she
 was4  ,we had seen her lady's maid at  
the  hospice1 concerning whom we were   
told that she was 8bien sage10 and did  
not scream at the precipices4  ,on the  
top of the ,gemini1 too1 at  half-past  
seven in the morning1 we had met a      
somewhat similar lady  walking alone    
with a blue parasol over the snow2 about
 half an hour after  we met some porters
 carrying her luggage1 and found that   
she was an  invalid lady of ,berne1 who 
was walking over to the baths at        
,leukerbad for  the benefit of her      
health--we scarcely thought there could 
be much  occasion--leaving these two    
good ladies then1 let us descend the    
,grimsel  to the bottom of the glacier  
of the ,rhne1 and then ascend the       
,furka--a  stiff pull2 we got there by  

two o'clock1 dined 7,italian is spoken  
here  again71 and finally reached       
,hospenthal at half-past five after a   
very  long day4    ,on ,thursday walking
 down to ,amstegg and taking a trap to  
,flelen1 we then  embarked on board a   
steamer and had a most enjoyable ride to
 ,lucerne1  where we slept2 ,friday to  
,basle by rail1 walking over the        
,hauenstein1  #bcc;a and getting a      
magnificent panorama 7alas6 a final one7
 of the  ,alps1 and from ,basle to      
,strasburg1 where we ascended the       
cathedral as far  as they would let us  
without special permission from a power 
they called  ,mary1 and then by the     
night train to ,paris1 where we arrived 
,saturday  morning at ten4    ,left     
,paris on ,sunday afternoon1 slept at   
,dieppe2 left ,dieppe ,monday  morning1 
got to ,london at three o'clock or      
thereabouts1 and might have  reached    
,cambridge that night had we been so    
disposed2 next day came  safely home to 
dear old ,st4 ,john's1 cash in hand     

#g;d4    ,from my window #bcc;b in the  
cool of the summer twilight ,i look on  
the  umbrageous chestnuts that droop    
into the river2 ,trinity library rears  
its  stately proportions on the left2   
opposite is the bridge2 over that1 on   
the right1 the thick dark foliage is    
blackening almost into sombreness as    
the night draws on4  ,immediately       
beneath are the arched cloisters        
resounding with the solitary footfall of
 meditative students1 and  suggesting   
grateful retirement4  ,i say to myself  
then1 as ,i sit in my  open window1 that
 for a continuance ,i would rather have 
this than any  scene ,i have visited    
during the whole of our most enjoyed    
tour1 and fetch  down a ,thucydides1 for
 ,i must go to ,shilleto at nine o'clock
 to-morrow4          ,translation from  
an ,unpublished ,work of ,herodotus     
,this piece and the ten that follow it  
date from ,butler's undergraduate  days4
  ,they were preserved by the late      
,canon ,joseph ,mc,cormick1 who  was    

,butler's contemporary at ,cambridge and
 knew him well4    ,in a letter to ,,the
 ,,times1 published #bg ,june1 #aijb1   
shortly after  ,butler's death1 ,canon  
,mc,cormick gave some interesting       
details of  ,butler's ,cambridge days4  
8,i have in my possession10 he wrote1   
8some of the skits with which he amused 
himself and some of his personal        
friends4  ,perhaps the skit professed to
 be a translation from  ,thucydides1    
inimitable in its way1 applied to       
,johnians in their  successes or defeats
 on the river1 or it was the            
#8,prospectus of the  ,great ,split     
,society1' attacking those who wished to
 form narrow or  domineering parties in 
the ,college1 or it was a very striking 
poem on  ,napoleon in ,st4 ,helena1 or  
it was a play dealing with a visit to   
the  ,paris ,exhibition1 which he sent  
to ,,punch1 and which1 strange to  say1 
the editor never inserted1 or it was an 
examination paper set to  a gyp of a    
most amusing and clever character40     

,one at least of the  pieces mentioned  
by ,canon ,mc,cormick has unfortunately 
disappeared4  ,those that have survived 
are here published for what they are    
worth4  ,there is no necessity to       
apologise for their faults and          
deficiencies1  which do not1 ,i think1  
obscure their value as documents        
illustrating  the development of that   
gift of irony which ,butler was         
afterwards to  wield with such brilliant
 mastery4  #8,napoleon at ,st4 ,helena' 
and  #8,the ,shield of ,achilles' have  
already appeared in ,,the ,,eagle1      
,december1 #aijb2 the 8,translation from
 ,herodotus10 8,the ,shield of          
,achilles10 8,the ,two ,deans ,,ii10 and
 8,on the ,italian ,priesthood10  in    
,,the ,,note-,,books ,,of ,,samuel      
,,butler2 the 8,prospectus of the ,great
  ,split ,society0 and 8,a ,skit on     
,examinations0 in ,,the ,,eagle1 ,june1 
#aiac4    ,,and the ,johnians practise  
their tub in the following manner3 ,they
 select  eight of the most serviceable  

freshmen and put these into a boat1 and 
to  each one of them they give an oar2  
and having told them to look at the     
backs of the men before them they make  
them bend forward as far as they  can   
and at the same moment1 and having put  
the end of the oar into the  water pull 
it back again in to them about the      
bottom of the ribs2 and if  any of them 
does not do this or looks about him away
 from the back of the  man before him   
they curse him in the most terrible     
manner1 but if he does  what he is      
bidden they immediately cry out3        
8,well pulled1 number so-and-so40       
,for they do not call them by their     
names but by certain numbers1 each man  
of them having a number allotted to him 
in accordance with his place in  the    
boat1 and the first man they call       
stroke1 but the last man bow2 and  when 
they have done this for about fifty     
miles they come home again1 and  the    
rate they travel at is about twenty-five
 miles an hour2 and let no  one think   

that this is too great a rate1 for ,i   
could say many other  wonderful things  
in addition concerning the rowing of the
 ,johnians1 but  if a man wishes to know
 these things he must go and examine    
them himself4  ,but when they have done 
they contrive some such a device as     
this1 for  they make them run many miles
 along the side of the river in order   
that  they may accustom them to great   
fatigue1 and many of them being         
distressed in this way fall down and    
die1 but those who survive become  very 
strong1 and receive gifts of cups from  
the others2 and after the  revolution of
 a year they have great races with their
 boats against those  of the surrounding
 islanders1 but the ,johnians1 both     
owing to the  carefulness of the        
training and a natural disposition for  
rowing1 are  always victorious4  ,in    
this way then the ,johnians1 ,i say1    
practise their  tub4          ,the      
,shield of ,achilles1 with ,variations  
,,and in it he placed the ,fitzwilliam  

and ,king's ,college ,chapel and the    
lofty towered church of the ,great      
,saint ,mary1 which looketh toward the  
,senate ,house1 and ,king's ,parade and 
,trumpington ,road and the ,pitt ,press 
and the divine opening of the ,market   
,square and the beautiful flowing       
fountain which formerly ,hobson laboured
 to make with skilful art2 him did  his 
father beget in the many-public-housed  
,trumpington from a slavey  mother1 and 
taught him blameless works2 and he1 on  
the other hand1 sprang  up like a young 
shoot1 and many beautifully matched     
horses did he nourish  in his stable1   
which used to convey his rich           
possessions to ,london and  the various 
cities of the world2 but oftentimes did 
he let them out to  others and          
whensoever anyone was desirous of hiring
 one of the  long-tailed horses1 he took
 them in order so that the labour was   
equal to  all1 wherefore do men now     
speak of the choice of the renowned     
,hobson4  ,and in it he placed the close

 of the divine ,parker1 and many        
beautiful  undergraduates were          
delighting their tender minds upon it   
playing cricket  with one another2 and a
 match was being played and two umpires 
were  quarrelling with one another2 the 
one saying that the batsman who was     
playing was out1 and the other declaring
 with all his might that he was  not2   
and while they two were contending1     
reviling one another with  abusive      
language1 a ball came and hit one of    
them on the nose1 and the  blood flowed 
out in a stream1 and darkness was       
covering his eyes1 but the  rest were   
crying out on all sides3    8,shy it    
up40    ,and he could not2 him then was 
his companion addressing with scornful  
words3    8,arnold1 why dost thou strive
 with me since ,i am much wiser8  ,did  
,i not  see his leg before the wicket   
and rightly declare him to be out8      
,thee  then has ,zeus now punished      
according to thy deserts1 and ,i will   
seek some  other umpire of the game     

equally-participated-in-by-both-sides40 
,and in it he placed the ,cam1 and many 
boats equally rowed on both sides  were 
going up and down on the bosom of the   
deep-rolling river1 and the  coxswains  
were cheering on the men1 for they were 
going to enter the  contest of the      
scratchean fours2 and three men were    
rowing together in a  boat1 strong and  
stout and determined in their hearts    
that they would  either first break a   
blood-vessel or earn for themselves the 
electroplated-,birmingham-manufactured  
magnificence of a pewter to stand  on   
their hall tables in memorial of their  
strength1 and from time to time  drink  
from it the exhilarating streams of beer
 whensoever their dear  heart should    
compel them2 but the fourth was weak and
 unequally matched  with the others1 and
 the coxswain was encouraging him and   
called him by  name and spake cheering  
words3    8,smith1 when thou hast begun 
the contest1 be not flurried nor strive 
too  hard against thy fate2 look at the 

back of the man before thee and row     
with as much strength as the ,fates spun
 out for thee on the day when thou      
fellest between the knees of thy mother1
 neither lose thine oar1 but hold  it   
tight with thy hands40                  
,prospectus of the ,great ,split        
,society      ,,it is the object of this
 society to promote parties and splits  
in  general1 and since of late we have  
perceived disunion among friends to be  
not nearly so ripe as in the ,bible it  
is plainly commanded to be1 we the      
members of this club have investigated  
the means of producing1 fostering1  and 
invigorating strife of all kinds1       
whereby the society of man will be      
profited much4  ,for in a few hours we  
can by the means we have discovered     
create so beautiful a dissension between
 two who have lately been  friends1 that
 they shall never speak of one another  
again1 and their  spirit is to be       
greatly admired and praised for this4   
,and since it is  the great goddess     

,talebearer who has contributed         
especially to our  success1 inasmuch as 
where she is not strife will cease as   
surely as the  fire goeth out when there
 is no wood to feed it1 we will erect an
 altar  to her and perform monthly rites
 at her shrine in a manner hereafter to 
be detailed4  ,and all men shall do     
homage to her1 for who is there that    
hath not felt her benefits8  ,and the   
rites shall be of a cheerful  character1
 and all the world shall be right merry1
 and we will write her  a hymn and      
,walmisley #bci shall set it to music4  
,and any shall be  eligible to this     
society by only changing his name2 for  
this is one of  its happiest hits1 to   
give a name to each of its members      
arising from  some mental peculiarity   
7which the gods and peacemakers call    
8foible071  whereby each being          
perpetually kept in mind of this defect 
and being  always willing to justify it 
shall raise a clamour and cause much    
delight  to the assembly4    ,and we    

will have suppers once a month both to  
do honour unto ,talebearer  and to      
promote her interest4  ,and the society 
has laid down a form of  conversation to
 be used at all such meetings1 which    
shall engender  quarrellings even in the
 most unfavourable dispositions1 and    
inflame the  anger of one and all2 and  
having raised it shall set it going and 
start  it on so firm a basis as that it 
may be left safely to work its own way1 
for there shall be no fear of its dying 
out4    ,and the great key to this      
admirable treasure-house is ,self1 who  
hath two  beautiful children1           
,self-,love and ,self-,pride 4 4 4 ,we  
have also aided our  project much by the
 following contrivance1 namely1 that ten
 of the  society1 the same who have the 
longest tongues and ears1 shall make a  
quorum to manage all affairs connected  
with it2 and it is difficult to         
comprehend the amount of quarrelling    
that shall go on at these meetings4     
,and the monthly suppers shall be       

ordered in this way3 ,each man must take
  at least two tablespoonfuls of        
vinegar1 which shall make the wit sharp1
  or in default thereof one teaspoonful 
of pepper and mustard2 for the rest  we 
leave the diet to the management of our 
stewards and bursars1 but  after the    
cloth has been removed the president    
shall single out some one  of the       
company1 and in a calm and friendly     
manner acquaint him with his  faults and
 advise him in what way he may best     
amend the same4  ,the member  selected  
is compelled by the rules to remain     
silent for the space of  three minutes1 
and is then to retort and bring up six  
instances4  ,he is  to call the present 
members to witness1 and all are to take 
one side or  the other1 so that none be 
neutral1 and the mle will doubtless     
become  general1 and we expect that much
 beautiful latent abusive talent will be
  developed in this way4  ,but let all  
this be done with an air of great       
politeness1 sincerity1 and goodwill1 at 

least at the commencement1 for  this1   
when evidently fictitious1 is a         
two-edged sword of irritation4    ,and  
if any grow weak in spirit and retreat  
from this society1 and  afterwards      
repent and wish again to join1 he shall 
be permitted to do so  on condition of  
repeating the words1 8,oh1 ah60 8,lor60 
8,such is life10  8,that's cheerful10   
8,he's a lively man1 is ,mr4 ,so-and-so0
 ten times over4  ,for these are        
refreshing and beautiful words and mean 
much 7671 they are  the emblems of such 
talent4    ,and any members are at      
liberty to have small meetings among    
themselves1  especially to tea1 whereat 
they may enjoy the ever fresh and       
pleasant  luxury of scandal and         
mischief-making1 and prepare their      
accusations and  taunts for the next    
general meeting2 and this is not only   
permitted but  enjoined and recommended 
strongly to all the members4    ,and    
sentences shall be written for the      
training of any young hand who  wishes  

to become one of us1 since none can hope
 to arrive at once at the  pitch of     
perfection to which the society has     
brought the art4  ,and if  that any     
should be heard of his own free will and
 invention uttering one  or more of     
these sentences and by these means      
indicate much talent in the  required   
direction1 he shall be waited on by a   
committee of the club and  induced1 if  
possible1 to join us1 for he will be an 
acquisition2 and the  sentences required
 are such as3 8,i think so-and-so a very
 jolly fellow1  indeed ,i don't know a  
man in the college ,i like better than  
so-and-so1  but ,i don't care twopence  
about him1 at least it is all the same  
to me  whether he cuts me or not40      
,the beauty of this sentence is not at  
first appreciable1 for though           
self-deceit and self-satisfaction are   
both very powerfully demonstrated  in   
it1 and though these are some of the    
society's most vehement  supporters1 yet
 it is the good goddess ,talebearer who 

nourisheth the seed  of mischief thus   
sown4    ,it is also strictly forbidden 
by this society's laws to form a firm   
friendship grounded upon esteem and a   
perception of great and good  qualities 
in the object of one's liking1 for this 
kind of friendship  lasts a long        
time--nay1 for life2 but each member    
must have a furious and  passionate     
running after his friend for the time   
being1 insomuch that he  could never    
part for an instant from him4  ,and when
 the society sees this  it feels        
comfortable1 for it is quite certain    
that its objects are being  promoted1   
for this cannot be brought about by any 
but unnatural means and  is the         
foundation and very soul of quarrelling4
  ,the stroking of the hair  and        
affectionate embracings are much        
recommended1 for they are so manly4     
,and at the suppers and the rites of    
,talebearer each member is to drop an   
anonymous opinion of some other member's
 character into a common letter  box1   

and the president shall read them out4  
,each member is to defend  himself2 the 
formula for the commencement of each    
speech being3 8,i know  who wrote that  
about me1 and it is a very blackguardly 
thing of him to  say 4 4 4 0            
,n4,b4--,any number of persons are      
allowed to speak at the same time4  ,by 
these means it is hoped to restore      
strife and dissension to the world1  now
 alas6 so fatally subjugated to a       
mean-spirited thing called ,charity1    
which during the last month has been    
perfectly rampant in the college4  ,yes1
 we will give a helping hand to         
bickerings1 petty jealousies1           
back-bitings1 and all sorts of good     
things1 and will be as jolly as         
ninepence and--who'll be the first      
president8          ,powers      ,,but1 
my son1 think not that it is necessary  
for thee to be excellent if  thou       
wouldst be powerful4  ,observe how the  
lighter substance in nature  riseth by  
its own levity and overtoppeth that     

which is the more grave4  ,even so1 my  
son1 mayest thou be light and worthless1
 and yet make a  goodly show above those
 who are of a more intrinsic value than 
thyself4  ,but as much circumspection   
will be necessary for thee to attain    
this  glorious end1 and as by reason of 
thy youth thou art liable to miss many  
of the most able and effective means of 
becoming possessed of it1 hear  the     
words of an old man and treasure them in
 thy heart4  ,the required  qualities1  
my son1 are easily procured2 many are   
naturally gifted with  them4  ,in order1
 however1 that thou mayest keep them in 
set form in thy  mind commit to memory  
the following list of requisites3 ,love 
of self1  love of show1 love of sound1  
reserve1 openness1 distrust4    ,the    
love of self1 which shall chiefly       
manifest itself in the obtaining  the   
best of all things for thyself to the   
exclusion of another1 be he who  he may2
 and as meal-times are the fittest      
occasion for the exercise of  this      

necessary quality1 ,i will even         
illustrate my meaning that thou  mayest 
the more plainly comprehend me4         
,suppose that many are congregated  to a
 breakfast and there is a dish of       
kidneys on the table1 but not so  many  
but what the greater number must go     
without them1 cry out with a  loud      
voice1 immediately that thou hast       
perceived them3 8,kidneys6  ,oh1 ah6  ,i
 say1 ,g41 old fellow1 give us some     
kidneys40  ,then will the master of  the
 house be pleased that he hath provided 
something to thy liking1 and  as others 
from false shame will fear to do the    
like thou wilt both obtain  that thy    
soul desireth1 and be looked upon by thy
 fellows as a bold  fellow and one who  
knoweth how to make his way in the      
world1 and ,g4 will  say immediately3   
8,waiter1 take this to ,mr4 ,potguts10  
and he taketh them1  and so on1 my son1 
with all other meats that are on the    
table1 see thou  refrain not from one of
 them1 for a large appetite well        

becometh a power1  or if not a large one
 then a dainty one4  ,but if thine      
appetite be small  and dainty see thou  
express contempt for a large eater as   
one inferior to  thyself4  ,or again1 my
 son1 if thou art not at a banquet but  
enterest any  room where there are many 
met together1 see thou take the         
arm-chair or  the best seat or couch1 or
 what other place of comfort is in the  
room2  and if there be another power in 
the room as well as thyself see thou    
fight with him for it1 and if thou canst
 by any craft get rid of him an  he be  
more thickly set than thyself1 see that 
thou do this openly and  with a noise1  
that all men may behold and admire thee1
 for they will fear  thee and yield and 
not venture to reprove thee openly2 and 
so long as  they dare not1 all will be  
well4  ,nevertheless ,i would have thee 
keep  within certain bounds1 lest men   
turn upon thee if thy rule is too       
oppressive to be borne4  ,and under this
 head ,i would class also the care  and 

tending of the sick2 for in the first   
place the sick have many  delicacies    
which those who are sound have not1 so  
that if thou lay the  matter well1 thou 
mayest obtain the lion's share of these 
things also4  ,but more particularly the
 minds of men being weak and easily     
overpowered  when they are in sickness1 
thou shalt obtain much hold over them1  
and  when they are well 7whether thou   
didst really comfort them or not7 they  
will fear to say aught against thee1    
lest men shall accuse them of           
ingratitude4  ,but above all see thou do
 this openly and in the sight of  men1  
who thinking in consequence that thy    
heart is very soft and amiable          
notwithstanding a few outward defects1  
will not fail to commend thee and       
submit to thee the more readily1 and so 
on all counts thou art the  gainer1 and 
it will serve thee as an excuse with the
 authorities for the  neglect or breach 
of duty4  ,but all this is the work of  
an exceedingly  refined and clever power

 and not absolutely necessary1 but ,i   
have named  it as a means of making thy 
yoke really the lighter but nevertheless
 the  more firmly settled upon the neck 
of thy fellows4  ,so much then for the  
love of self4    ,as for the love of    
show this is to display itself in thy   
dress1 in the  trimming or in the growth
 of thy whiskers1 in thy walk and       
carriage1 in  the company thou keepest1 
seeing that thou go with none but powers
 or men  of wealth or men of title1 and 
caring not so much for men of parts1    
since  these commonly deal less in the  
exterior and are not fit associates1 for
  thou canst have nothing in common with
 them4  ,when thou goest to thy  dinner 
let a time elapse1 so that thine entry  
may cause a noise and a  disturbance1   
and when after much bustling thou hast  
taken thy seat1 say  not3 8,waiter1 will
 you order me green peas and a glass of 
college10 but  say3 8,waiter 7and then a
 pause71 peas10 and then suffer him to  
depart1  and when he hath gone some     

little way recall him with a loud voice1
 which  shall reach even unto the ears  
of the fellows1 say1 8and1 waiter1      
college02 and when they are brought unto
 thee complain bitterly of the  same4   
,when thou goest to chapel talk much    
during the service1 or pray  much2 do   
not the thing by halves2 thou must      
either be the very religious  power1    
which kind though the less remarked yet 
on the whole hath the  greater          
advantage1 or the thoughtless power1 but
 above all see thou  combine not the    
two1 at least not in the same company1  
but let thy  religion be the same to the
 same men4  ,always1 if thou be a       
careless  power1 come in late to chapel 
and hurriedly2 sit with the other powers
  and converse with them on the         
behaviour of others or any other light  
and  agreeable topic4  ,and1 as ,i said 
above1 under this love of show thou must
  include the choice of thine           
acquaintance1 and as it is not possible 
for  thee to order it so as not to have 

knowledge of certain men whom it will   
not be convenient for thee to know at   
all times and in all places1 see  thou  
cultivate those two excellent defects of
 both sight and hearing  which will     
enable thee to pass one thou wouldst not
 meet1 without seeing  him or hearing   
his salutation4  ,if thou hast a cousin 
or schoolfellow who  is somewhat rustic 
or uncouth in his manner but            
nevertheless hath an  excellent heart1  
know him in private in thine individual 
capacity1 but  when thou art abroad or  
in the company of other powers shun him 
as if he  were a venomous thing and     
deadly4  ,again1 if thou sittest at     
table with a  man at the house of a     
friend and laughest and talkest with him
 and  playest pleasant1 if he be not    
perfect in respect of externals see thou
  pass him the next day without a smile1
 even though he may have prepared  his  
countenance for a thousand grins2 but if
 in the house of the same  friend or    
another thou shouldst happen to stumble 

upon him1 deal with him  as though thy  
previous conversation had broken off but
 five minutes  previously2 but should he
 be proud and have all nothing to say   
unto thee1  forthwith calumniate him to 
thine acquaintance as a sorry-spirited  
fellow  and mean4    ,and with regard to
 smoking1 though that1 too1 is          
advantageous1 it is not  necessary so   
much for the power as for the fast man1 
for the power is a  more calculating and
 thoughtful being than this one2 but if 
thou smokest1  see that others know it2 
smoke cigars if thou canst afford them2 
if not1  say thou wonderest at such as  
do1 for to thy liking a pipe is better4 
,and with regard to all men except thine
 own favoured and pre-eminent  clique1  
designate them as 8cheerful10 8lively10 
or use some other  ironical term with   
regard to them4  ,so much then for the  
love of show4    ,and of the love of    
sound ,i would have thee observe that it
 is but a  portion of the love of show1 
but so necessary for him who would be   

admired without being at the same time  
excellent and worthy of admiration  as  
to deserve a separate heading to itself4
  ,at meal-times talk loudly1  laugh    
loudly1 condemn loudly2 if thou sneezest
 sneeze loudly2 if thou  call the waiter
 do so with a noise and1 if thou canst1 
while he is  speaking to another and    
receiving orders from him2 it will be a 
convenient test of thine advance to see 
whether he will at once quit the  other 
in the midst of his speech with him and 
come to thee1 or will wait  until the   
other hath done2 if thou handle it well 
he will come to thee at  once4  ,when   
others are in their rooms1 as thou      
passeth underneath their  windows1 sing 
loudly and all men will know that a     
power goeth by and will  hush           
accordingly2 if thou hast a good voice  
it will profit thee much1 if  a bad one1
 care not so long as it be a loud one2  
but above all be it  remembered that it 
is to be loud at all times and not low  
when with  powers greater than thyself1 

for this damneth much--even powers being
  susceptible of awe1 when they shall   
behold one resolutely bent to out-top   
them1 and thinking it advisable to lend 
such an one a helping hand lest  he     
overthrow them--but if thy voice be not 
a loud one1 thou hadst better  give up  
at once the hope of rising to a height  
by thine own skill1 but  must cling to  
and flatter those who have1 and if thou 
dost this well thou  wilt succeed4      
,and of personal strength and prowess in
 bodily accomplishment1 though of  great
 help in the origin1 yet are they not   
necessary2 but the more thou  lackest   
physical and mental powers the more must
 thou cling to the  powerful and rise   
with them2 the more careful must thou be
 of thy dress1  and the more money will 
it cost thee1 for thou must fill well   
the  bladders that keep thee on the     
surface1 else wilt thou sink4    ,and of
 reserve1 let no man know anything about
 thee4  ,if thy father is a             
greengrocer1 as ,i dare say is the case 

with some of the most mighty  powers in 
the land1 what matter so long as another
 knoweth it not8  ,see  that thou quell 
all inquisitive attempts to discover    
anything about thine  habits1 thy       
country1 thy parentage1 and1 in a word1 
let no one know  anything of thee beyond
 the exterior2 for if thou dost let them
 within  thy soul1 they will find but   
little1 but if it be barred and locked1 
men  will think that by reason of thy   
strong keeping of the same1 it must     
contain much2 and they will admire thee 
upon credit4    ,and of openness1 be    
reserved in the particular1 open in the 
general2 talk  of debts1 of women1 of   
money1 but say not what debts1 what     
women1 or what  money2 be most open when
 thou doest a shabby thing1 which thou  
knowest  will not escape detection4  ,if
 thy coat is bad1 laugh and boast       
concerning it1 call attention to it and 
say thou hast had it for ten  years1    
which will be a lie1 but men will       
nevertheless think thee frank1  but run 

not the risk of wearing a bad coat1 save
 only in vacation time or  in the       
country4  ,but when thou doest a shabby 
thing which will not reach  the general 
light1 breathe not a word of it1 but    
bury it deeply in some  corner of thine 
own knowledge only2 if it come out1     
glory in it2 if not1  let it sleep1 for 
it is an unprofitable thing to turn over
 bad ground4    ,and of distrust1       
distrust all men1 most of all thine own 
friends2 they  will know thee best1 and 
thou them2 thy real worth cannot escape 
them1  think not then that thou wilt get
 service out of them in thy need1 think 
not that they will deny themselves that 
thou mayest be saved from want1  that   
they will in after life put out a finger
 to save thee1 when thou  canst be of no
 more use to them1 the clique having    
been broken up by  time4  ,nay1 but be  
in thyself sufficient2 distrust1 and    
lean not so much  as an ounce-weight    
upon another4    ,these things keep and 
thou shalt do well2 keep them all and   

thou wilt be  perfect2 the more thou    
keep1 the more nearly wilt thou arrive  
at the end  ,i proposed to thee at the  
commencement1 and even if thou doest but
 one of  these things thoroughly1 trust 
me thou wilt still have much power over 
thy fellows4          ,a ,skit on       
,examinations      ,it should be        
explained that ,tom ,bridges was a gyp  
at ,st4 ,john's  ,college1 during       
,butler's residence at ,cambridge4      
,,we now come to the most eventful      
period in ,mr4 ,bridges' life3 we mean  
the  time when he was elected to the    
shoe-black scholarship1 compared with   
which all his previous honours sank into
 insignificance4    ,mr4 ,bridges had   
long been desirous of becoming a        
candidate for this  distinction1 but1   
until the death of ,mr4 ,leader1 no     
vacancy having  occurred among the      
scholars1 he had as yet had no          
opportunity of going in  for it4  ,the  
income to be derived from it was not    
inconsiderable1 and as  it led to the   

porter fellowship the mere pecuniary    
value was not to be  despised1 but      
thirst of fame and the desire of a more 
public position  were the chief         
inducements to a man of ,mr4 ,bridges'  
temperament1 in which  ambition and     
patriotism formed so prominent a part4  
,latin1 however1 was  not ,mr4 ,bridges'
 forte2 he excelled rather in the higher
 branches of  arithmetic and the        
abstruse sciences4  ,his attainments1   
however1 in the  dead languages were    
beyond those of most of his             
contemporaries1 as the  letter he sent  
to the ,master and ,seniors will        
abundantly prove4  ,it was  chiefly     
owing to the great reverence for genius 
shown by ,dr4 ,tatham that  these       
letters have been preserved to us1 as   
that excellent man1  considering that no
 circumstance connected with ,mr4       
,bridges' celebrity  could be justly    
consigned to oblivion1 rescued these    
valuable relics from  the ,bedmaker1 as 
she was on the point of using them to   

light the fire4  ,by him they were      
presented to the author of this memoir1 
who now for the  first time lays them   
before the public4  ,the first was to   
the ,master  himself1 and ran as        
follows3--        ,reverende ,sir1      
,possum bene blackere shoas1 et locus   
shoe-blackissis vacuus est4      ,makee 
me shoeblackum si hoc tibi placeat1     
precor te1 quia desidero      hoc locum4
                                        
,your very humble servant1              
,,thomasus ,,bridgessus4    ,we subjoin 
,mr4 ,bridges' autograph4  ,the reader  
will be astonished to  perceive its     
resemblance to that of ,napoleon ,i1    
with whom he was very  intimate1 and    
with anecdotes of whom he used very     
frequently to amuse his  masters4  ,we  
add that of ,napoleon4                  
,,thomas ,,bridges                      
,,napoleon    ,the second letter was to 
the ,senior ,bursar1 who had often      
before proved  himself a friend to ,mr4 
,bridges1 and did not fail him in this  

instance4        ,,bursare ,,senior1    
,ego humiliter begs pardonum te becausus
 quaereri dignitatum      shoeblacki and
 credo me getturum esse hoc locum4      
,your humble servant1                   
,,thomasus ,,bridgessus4    ,shortly    
afterwards ,mr4 ,bridges was called     
upon1 with six other  competitors1 to   
attend in the ,combination ,room1 and   
the following papers  were submitted to 
him4        ,i      #a4  ,derive the    
word 8blacking40  ,what does ,paley say 
on this subject8  ,do  you1 or do you   
not1 approve of ,paley's arguments1 and 
why8  ,do you think  that ,paley knew   
anything at all about it8    #b4  ,who  
were ,day and ,martin8  ,give a short   
sketch of their lives1 and  state their 
reasons for advertising their blacking  
on the ,pyramids4  ,do  you approve of  
the advertising system in general8      
#c4  ,do you consider the ,japanese the 
original inventors of blacking8  ,state 
the principal ingredients of blacking1  
and give a chemical analysis  of the    

following substances3 ,sulphate of zinc1
 nitrate of silver1  potassium1 copperas
 and corrosive sublimate4    #d4  ,is   
blacking an effective remedy against    
hydrophobia8  ,against  cholera8        
,against lock-jaw8  ,and do you consider
 it as valuable an  instrument as burnt 
corks in playing tricks upon a drunken  
man8                                    
99 99 99 99 99    ,this was the         
,master's paper4  ,the ,mathematical    
,lecturer next gave him a  few          
questions1 of which the most important  
were3--        ,,ii      #a4  ,prove    
that the shoe may be represented by an  
equation of the fifth  degree4  ,find   
the equation to a man blacking a shoe3  
7#a7 in rectangular  co-ordinates2 7#b7 
in polar co-ordinates4    #b4  ,a had   
#ejj shoes to black every day1 but being
 unwell for two days he  had to hire a  
substitute1 and paid him a third of the 
wages per shoe  which he himself        
received4  ,had ,a been ill two days    
longer there would  have been the devil 

to pay2 as it was he actually paid the  
sum of the  geometrical series found by 
taking the first n letters of the       
substitute's name4  ,how much did ,a pay
 the substitute8  7,answer1 #acs4       
#f;d47    #c4  ,prove that the          
scraping-knife should never be a secant1
 and the brush  always a tangent to a   
shoe4    #d4  ,can you distinguish      
between meum and tuum8  ,prove that     
their  values vary inversely as the     
propinquity of the owners4    #e4  ,how 
often should a shoe-black ask his master
 for beer notes8  ,interpret a negative 
result4          ,an ,eminent ,person   
,,among the eminent persons deceased    
during the past week we have to notice  
,mr4 ,arthur ,ward1 the author of the   
very elegant treatise on the penny      
whistle4  ,mr4 ,ward was rather above   
the middle height1 inclined to be       
stout1 and had lost a considerable      
portion of his hair4  ,mr4 ,ward did not
  wear spectacles1 as asserted by a     
careless and misinformed contemporary4  

,mr4 ,ward was a man of great humour and
 talent2 many of his sayings will  be   
treasured up as household words among   
his acquaintance1 for instance1  8,lor60
  8,oh1 ah60  8,sech is life40  8,that's
 cheerful40  8,he's a lively  man is    
,mr4 4 4 4 0  ,his manners were affable 
and agreeable1 and his  playful gambols 
exhibited an agility scarcely to be     
expected from a man  of his stature4    
,on ,thursday last ,mr4 ,ward was dining
 off beef-steak pie  when a bit of      
gristle1 unfortunately causing him to   
cough1 brought on a  fit of apoplexy1   
the progress of which no medical        
assistance was able to  arrest4  ,it is 
understood that the funeral arrangements
 have been  entrusted to our very       
respectable fellow-townsman ,mr4 ,smith1
 and will  take place on ,monday4       
,napoleon at ,st4 ,helena         ,i see
 a warrior 'neath a willow tree2        
,his arms are folded1 and his full fixed
 eye     ,is gazing on the sky4  ,the   
evening breeze     ,blows on him from   

the sea1 and a great storm     ,is      
rising4  ,not the storm nor evening     
breeze1     ,nor the dark sea1 nor the  
sun's parting beam     ,can move him2   
for in yonder sky he sees     ,the      
picture of his life1 in yonder clouds   
,that rush towards each other he beholds
     ,the mighty wars that he himself   
hath waged4     ,blow on him1 mighty    
storm2 beat on him1 rain2     ,you      
cannot move his folded arms nor turn    
,his gaze one second from the troubled  
sky4     ,hark to the thunder6  ,to him 
it is not thunder2     ,it is the noise 
of battles and the din     ,of cannons  
on the field of ,austerlitz1     ,the   
sky to him is the whole world disturbed 
,by war and rumours of great wars4      
,he tumbled like a thunderbolt from     
heaven     ,upon the startled earth1 and
 as he came     ,the round world leapt  
from out her usual course     ,and      
thought her time was come4  ,beat on    
him1 rain2     ,and roar about him1 ,o  
thou voice of thunder4     ,but what are

 ye to him8  ,o more to him     ,than   
all besides4  ,to him ye are himself1   
,he knows it and your voice is lovely to
 him4     ,hath brought the warfare to a
 close4     ,the storm is over2 one     
terrific crash     ,now1 now he feels   
it1 and he turns away2     ,his arms are
 now unfolded1 and his hands            
,pressed to his face conceal a warrior's
 tears4     ,he flings himself upon the 
springing grass1     ,and weeps in      
agony4  ,see1 again he rises2     ,his  
brow is calm1 and all his tears are     
gone4     ,the vision now is ended1 and 
he saith3     8,thou storm art hushed   
for ever4  ,not again     ,shall thy    
great voice be heard4  ,unto thy rest   
,thou goest1 never never to return4     
,i thank thee1 that for one brief hour  
alone     ,thou hast my bitter agonies  
assuaged2     ,another storm may scare  
the frightened heavens1     ,and like to
 me may rise and fill     ,the elements 
with terror4  ,i1 alas6     ,am blotted 
out as though ,i had not been1     ,and 

am become as though ,i was not born4    
,my day is over1 and my night is come-- 
,a night which brings no rest1 nor quiet
 dreams1     ,nor calm reflections1 nor 
repose from toil1     ,but pain and     
sorrow1 anguish never ceasing1     ,with
 dark uncertainty1 despair and pain1    
,and death's wide gate before me4  ,fare
 ye well6     ,the sky is clear and the 
world at rest2     ,thou storm and ,i   
have but too much in common40           
,the ,two ,deans      ,i                
,,williams1 ,i like thee1 amiable       
divine6     ,no milk-and-water character
 is thine4     ,a lay more lovely should
 thy worth attend     ,than my poor     
muse1 alas6 hath power to lend4         
,shall ,i describe thee as thou late    
didst sit1     ,the gater gated and the 
biter bit1     ,when impious hands at   
the dead hour of night     ,forbade the 
way and made the barriers tight8        
,next morn ,i heard their impious voices
 sing2     ,all up the stairs their     
blasphemies did ring3     8,come forth1 

,o ,williams1 wherefore thus supine     
,remain within thy chambers after nine8 
,come forth1 suffer thyself to be       
admired1     ,and blush not so1 coy     
dean1 to be desired40     ,the captive  
churchman chafes with empty rage1       
,till some knight-errant free him from  
his cage4     ,pale fear and anger sit  
upon yon face     ,erst full of love and
 piety and grace1     ,but not pale fear
 nor anger will undo     ,the iron might
 of gimlet and of screw4     ,grin at   
the window1 ,williams1 all is vain2     
,the carpenter will come and let thee   
out again4        ,contrast with him the
 countenance serene     ,and sweet      
remonstrance of the junior dean2        
,the plural number and the accents mild1
     ,the language of a parent to a     
child4     ,with plaintive voice the    
worthy man doth state1     ,we've not   
been very regular of late4     ,it      
should more carefully its chapels keep1 
,and not make noises to disturb our     
sleep     ,by having suppers and at     

early hours     ,raising its lungs unto 
their utmost powers4     ,we'll put it1 
if it makes a noise again1     ,on      
gatesey patsems at the hour of ten2     
,and leafy peafy it will turn ,i'm sure1
     ,and never vex its own dear        
,sharpey more4        ,,ii              
,,scene4--,the ,court of ,st4 ,john's   
,college1 ,cambridge4  ,enter the two   
,deans on their way to morning chapel4  
,,junior ,,dean4  ,brother1 ,i am much  
pleased with ,samuel ,butler1     ,i    
have observed him mightily of late2     
,methinks that in his melancholy walk   
,and air subdued whene'er he meeteth me 
,lurks something more than in most other
 men4       ,,senior ,,dean4  ,it is a  
good young man4  ,i do bethink me       
,that once ,i walked behind him in the  
cloister2     ,he saw me not1 but       
whispered to his fellow3     8,of all   
men who do dwell beneath the moon     ,i
 love and reverence most the senior     
,dean40       ,,junior ,,dean4  ,one    
thing is passing strange1 and yet ,i    

know not     ,how to condemn it1 but in 
one plain brief word     ,he never comes
 to ,sunday morning chapel4             
,methinks he teacheth in some           
,sunday-school1     ,feeding the poor   
and starveling intellect     ,with      
wholesome knowledge1 or on the ,sabbath 
morn     ,he loves the country and the  
neighbouring spire     ,of ,madingley or
 ,coton1 or perchance     ,amid some    
humble poor he spends the day1          
,conversing with them1 learning all     
their cares1     ,comforting them and   
easing them in sickness4       ,,senior 
,,dean4  ,i will advance him to some    
public post1     ,he shall be chapel    
clerk1 some day a ,fellow1     ,some day
 perhaps a ,dean1 but as thou say'st    
,he is indeed an excellent young man--  
,enter ,,butler suddenly1 without a coat
 or anything on his head1  rushing      
through the cloisters1 bearing a cup1 a 
bottle of cider1  four lemons1 two      
nutmegs1 half a pound of sugar and a    
nutmeg  grater4    ,curtain falls on the

 confusion of ,,butler and the          
horror-stricken  dismay of the two      
,deans4          ,the ,battle of ,alma  
,mater      ,i         ,,the ,temperance
 commissioners        ,in awful conclave
 sat1     ,their noses into this to poke
     ,to poke them into that--     ,in  
awful conclave sat they1        ,and    
swore a solemn oath1     ,that snuff    
should make no ,briton sneeze1     ,that
 smokers all to smoke should cease1     
,they swore to conquer both4        ,,ii
         ,forth went a great            
,teetotaller1        ,with pamphlet     
armed and pen1     ,he travelled east1  
he travelled west1        ,tobacco to   
condemn4     ,at length to ,cantabrigia1
        ,to move her sons to shame1     
,foredoomed to chaff and insult1        
,that gallant hero came4        ,,iii   
',tis ,friday3 to the ,guildhall        
,come pouring in apace     ,the gownsmen
 and the townsmen        ,right thro'   
the market place--     ,they meet1 these
 bitter foemen        ,not enemies but  

friends--     ,then fearless to the     
rostrum1        ,the ,lecturer ascends4 
,,iv         ,he cursed the martyr'd    
,raleigh1        ,he cursed the mild    
cigar1     ,he traced to pipe and       
cabbage leaf        ,consumption and    
catarrh2     ,he railed at simple       
bird's-eye1        ,by freshmen only    
tried1     ,and with rude and bitter    
jest assailed        ,the yard of clay  
beside4        ,v         ,when suddenly
 full twenty pipes1        ,and weeds   
full twenty more     ,were seen to rise 
at signal1        ,where none were seen 
before4     ,no mouth but puffed out    
gaily        ,a cloud of yellow fume1   
,and merrily the curls of smoke         
,went circling 'thro the room4          
,,vi         ,in vain th' indignant     
mayor harangued1        ,a mighty       
chandler he6     ,while peas his hoary  
head around        ,they whistled       
pleasantly4     ,in vain he tenderly    
inquired1        ',mid many a wild      
8hurrah60     8,of this what father dear

 would think1        ,of that what dear 
mamma80        ,,vii         ,in rushed 
a host of peelers1        ,with a       
sergeant at the head1     ,jaggard to   
every kitchen known1        ,of missuses
 the dread4     ,in rushed that warlike 
multitude1        ,like bees from out   
their hive1     ,with ,fluffy of the    
squinting eye1        ,and fighting ,no4
 #e4        ,,viii         ,up sprang   
,inspector ,fluffy1        ,up ,sergeant
 ,jaggard rose1     ,and playfully with 
staff he tapped        ,a gownsman on   
the nose4     ,as falls a thundersmitten
 oak1        ,the valiant ,jaggard fell1
     ,with a line above each ogle1      
,and a 8mouse0 or two as well4          
,,ix         ,but hark6 the cry is      
8,smuffkins60        ,and loud the      
gownsmen cheer1     ,and lo6 a stalwart 
,johnian        ,comes jostling from the
 rear3     ,he eyed the flinching       
peelers1        ,he aimed a deadly blow1
     ,then quick before his fist went   
down        ,inspector1 ,marshal1       

,peelers1 ,town1     ,while fiercer     
fought the joyful ,gown1        ,to see 
the claret flow4        ,x         ,they
 run1 they run6 to win the door         
,the vanquished peelers flew2     ,they 
left the sergeant's hat behind1         
,and the lecturer's surtout3     ,now by
 our ,lady ,margaret1        ,it was a  
goodly sight1     ,to see that routed   
multitude        ,swept down the tide of
 flight4        ,,xi         ,then      
hurrah6 for gallant ,smuffkins1         
,for ,cantabs one hurrah6     ,like     
wolves in quest of prey they scent      
,a peeler from afar4     ,hurrah6 for   
all who strove and bled        ,for     
liberty and right1     ,what time within
 the ,guildhall        ,was fought the  
glorious fight4          ,on the        
,italian ,priesthood      ,this an      
adaptation of the following epigram1    
which appeared in  ,giuseppe ,giusti's  
,,raccolta ,,di ,,proverbi ,,toscani    
7,firenze1 #ahec7        ,con arte e con
 inganno si vive mezzo l'anno      ,con 

inganno e con arte si vive l'altra      
parte4        ,in knavish art and       
gathering gear      ,they spend the one 
half of the year2      ,in gathering    
gear and knavish art      ,they somehow 
spend the other part4          ,samuel  
,butler and the ,simeonites      ,the   
following article1 which originally     
appeared in the ,,cambridge  ,,magazine1
 #a ,march1 #aiac1 is by ,mr4 ,a4 ,t4   
,bartholomew1 of the  ,university       
,library1 ,cambridge1 who has most      
kindly allowed me to  include it in the 
present volume4  ,mr4 ,bartholomew's    
discovery of  ,samuel ,butler's parody  
of the ,simeonite tract throws a most   
interesting  light upon a curious       
passage in ,,the ,,way ,,of ,,all       
,,flesh1 and it is a great  pleasure to 
me to be able to give ,butlerians the   
story of ,mr4  ,bartholomew's 8find0 in 
his own words4    ,,readers of ,samuel  
,butler's remarkable story ,the ,way of 
,all ,flesh will  probably recall his   
description of the ,simeonites 7chap4   

xlvii71 who  still flourished at        
,cambridge when ,ernest ,pontifex was up
 at ,emmanuel4  ,ernest went down in    
#aheh2 so did ,butler4  ,throughout the 
book the  spiritual and intellectual    
life and development of ,ernest are     
drawn from  ,butler's own experience4   
8,the one phase of spiritual activity   
which had any life in it during the     
time ,ernest was at ,cambridge was      
connected with the name of ,simeon4     
,there were still a good many           
,simeonites1 or as they were more       
briefly  called #8,sims1' in ,ernest's  
time4  ,every college contained some of 
them1  but their head-quarters were at  
,caius1 whither they were attracted by  
,mr4  ,clayton1 who was at that time    
senior tutor1 and among the sizars of   
,st4  ,john's4  ,behind the then chapel 
of this last-named college was a        
#8labyrinth' 7this was the name it bore7
 of dingy1 tumble-down rooms10 and  here
 dwelt many ,simeonites1                
8unprepossessing in feature1 gait1 and  

manners1 unkempt and ill-dressed beyond 
what can be easily described4  ,destined
 most of them for the ,church1 the      
,simeonites held themselves to  have    
received a very loud call to the        
ministry 4 4 4 ,they would be  instant  
in season and out of season in imparting
 spiritual instruction to  all whom they
 could persuade to listen to them4  ,but
 the soil of the more  prosperous       
undergraduates was not suitable for the 
seed they tried to  sow4  ,when they    
distributed tracts1 dropping them at    
night into good  men's letter boxes     
while they were asleep1 their tracts got
 burnt1 or met  with even worse         
contumely40  ,for ,ernest ,pontifex     
8they had a repellent  attraction2 he   
disliked them1 but he could not bring   
himself to leave  them alone4  ,on one  
occasion he had gone so far as to parody
 one of the  tracts they had sent round 
in the night1 and to get a copy dropped 
into  each of the leading ,simeonites'  
boxes4  ,the subject he had taken was   

#8,personal ,cleanliness4'0    ,some    
years ago ,i found among the ,cambridge 
papers in the late ,mr4 ,j4 ,w4         
,clark's collection three printed pieces
 bearing on the subject4  ,the  first is
 a genuine ,simeonite tract2 the other  
two are parodies4  ,all  three are      
anonymous4  ,at the top of the second   
parody is written 8,by ,s4  ,butler4    
,march #ca40  ,it will be necessary to  
give a few quotations from  the         
,simeonite utterance in order to bring  
out the full flavour of  ,butler's      
parody1 which is given entire4  ,butler 
went up to ,st4 ,john's in  ,october1   
#ahed2 so at the time of writing this   
squib he was in his second  term1 and   
#ah years of age4                       
,a4 ,t4 ,b4    ,i4--,extracts from the  
sheet dated 8,st4 ,john's ,college1     
,march #acth1  #ahee40  ,in a manuscript
 note this is stated to be by ,ynyr     
,lamb1 of ,st4  ,john's 7,b4,a41 #ahfb74
    #a4  ,when a celebrated ,french king
 once showed the infidel philosopher    

,hume into his carriage1 the latter at  
once leaped in1 on which his  majesty   
remarked3 8,that's the most accomplished
 man living40    ,it is impossible to   
presume enough on ,divine grace2 this   
kind of  presumption is the             
characteristic of ,heaven4 4 4    #b4   
,religion is not an obedience to        
external forms or observances1 but 8a   
bold leap in the dark into the arms of  
an affectionate ,father40    #d4        
,however ,church ,music may raise the   
devotional feelings1 these bring a  man 
not one iota nearer to ,christ1 neither 
is it acceptable in ,his sight4    #ac4 
,the one thing needful is ,faith3 ,faith
   7historical faith7    7heart-belief1 
or assurance1 or justification7 #a      
peace2 and peace,ln  ,trust - carejoy   
n-r#a    #ah4  ,the ,lord's church has  
been always peculiarly tried at         
different  stages of history1 and each  
era will have its peculiar glory in     
eternity4  4 4 4 ,at the present time   
the trial for the church is peculiar2   

never  before1 perhaps1 were the        
insinuations of the adversary so        
plausible and  artful--his ingenuity so 
subtle--himself so much an angel of     
light--experience has sharpened his     
wit--8,while men slept the enemy sowed  
tares0--he is now the base hypocrite--he
 suits his blandishments to all--the    
,church is lulled in the arms of the    
monster1 rolling the sweet morsel  under
 her tongue 4 4 4        ,,ii4--,samuel 
,butler's ,parody      #a4  ,beware6    
,beware6  ,beware6  ,the enemy sowed    
tracts in the night1 and  the righteous 
men tremble4    #b4  ,there are only #aj
 good men in ,john's2 ,i am one2 reader1
 calculate  your chance of salvation4   
#c4  ,the genuine recipe for the leaven 
of the ,pharisees is still extant1  and 
runs as follows3--,self-deceit   want of
 charity   outward show 1  humbug 1     
insert ,sim or not as required4         
,reader1 let each one who would  seem to
 be righteous take unto himself this    
leaven4    #d4  8,the ,university       

,church is a place too much neglected by
 the young men  up here40  ,thus said   
the learned ,selwyn1 #bfi and he said   
well4  ,how far  better would it be if  
each man's own heart was a little       
,university  ,church1 the pericardium a 
little ,university churchyard1 wherein  
are  buried the lust of the flesh1 the  
pomps and vanities of this wicked       
world2 the veins and arteries1 little   
clergymen and bishops ministering       
therein2 and the blood a stream of      
soberness1 temperance and chastity      
perpetually flowing into it4    #e4     
,the deluge went before1 misery followed
 after1 in the middle came a  ,puseyite 
playing upon an organ4  ,reader1 flee   
from him1 for he playeth  his own soul  
to damnation4    #f4  ,church music is  
as the whore of ,babylon1 or the ramping
 lion who  sought whom he might devour2 
music in a church cannot be good1 when  
,st4  ,paul bade those who were merry to
 sing psalms4  ,music is but tinkling   
brass1 and sounding cymbals1 which is   

what ,st4 ,paul says he should  himself 
be1 were he without charity2 he         
evidently then did not consider  music  
desirable4    #g4  ,the most truly      
religious and only thoroughly good man  
in ,cambridge is  ,clayton1 #bgj of     
,cams4    #h4  8,charity is but the     
compassion that we feel for our own     
vices when we  perceive their           
hatefulness in other people40  ,charity1
 then1 is but  another name for         
selfishness1 and must be eschewed       
accordingly4    #i4  ,a great ,french   
king was walking one day with the late  
,mr4 ,b41 when  the king dropped his    
umbrella4  ,mr4 ,b4 instantly stooped   
down and picked  it up4  ,the king said 
in a very sweet tone1 8,thank you40     
#aj4  ,the ,cam is the river ,jordan4   
,an unthinking mind may consider this a 
startling announcement4  ,let such an   
one pray for grace to read the  mystery 
aright4    #aa4  ,when ,i've lost a     
button off my trousers ,i go to the     
tailors' and get  a new one sewn on4    

#ab4  ,faith and ,works were walking one
 day on the road to ,zion1 when ,works  
turned into a public-house1 and said he 
would not go any further1 at the  same  
time telling ,faith to go on by himself1
 and saying that 8he should  be only a  
drag upon him40  ,faith accordingly left
 ,works in the ale-house1  and went on4 
,he had not gone far before he began to 
feel faint1 and  thought he had better  
turn back and wait for ,works4  ,he     
suited the action  to the word1 and     
finding ,works in an advanced state of  
beer1 fell to1 and  even surpassed that 
worthy in his potations4  ,they then set
 to work and  fought lustily1 and would 
have done each other a mortal injury had
 not a  ,policeman providentially       
arrived1 and walked them off to the     
station-house4  ,as it was they were    
fined ,five ,shillings each1 and it was 
a long time before they fully recovered4
    #ac4  ,what can #aj fools do among  
#cjj sinners8  ,they can do much harm1  
and  had far better let the sinners seek

 peace their own way in the wilderness  
than ram it down their throats during   
the night4    #ad4  ,barnwell is a place
 near ,cambridge4  ,it is one of the    
descents into  the infernal regions2    
nay1 the infernal regions have there    
ascended to  the upper earth1 and are   
rampant4  ,he that goeth by it shall be 
scorched1  but he that seeketh it       
knowingly shall be devoured in the      
twinkling of an  eye1 and become        
withered as the grass at noonday4       
#ae4  ,young men do not seem to consider
 that houses were made to pray in1  as  
well as to eat and to drink in4         
,spiritual food is much more easily     
procured and far cheaper than bodily    
nutriment2 that1 perhaps1 is the  reason
 why many overlook it4    #af4  ,when we
 were children our nurses used to say1  
8,rock-a-bye baby on  the tree top1 when
 the bough bends the cradle will rock40 
,do the nurses  intend the wind to      
represent temptation and the storm of   
life1 the  tree-top ambition1 and the   

cradle the body of the child in which   
the soul  traverses life's ocean8  ,i   
cannot doubt all this passes through the
  nurses' minds4  ,again1 when they say1
 8,little ,bo-peep has lost her sheep   
and doesn't know where to find them2 let
 them alone and they'll come home  with 
their tails all right behind them10 is  
,little ,bo-peep intended for  mother   
,church8  ,are the sheep our erring     
selves1 and our subsequent  return to   
the fold8  ,no doubt of it4    #ag4  ,a 
child will often eat of itself what no  
compulsion can induce it to  touch4     
,men are disgusted with religion if it  
is placed before them at  unseasonable  
times1 in unseasonable places1 and      
clothed in a most  unseemly dress4  ,let
 them alone1 and many will perhaps seek 
it for  themselves1 whom the world      
suspects not4  ,a whited sepulchre is a 
very  picturesque object1 and ,i like it
 immensely1 and ,i like a ,sim too4     
,but  the whited sepulchre is an        
acknowledged humbug and most of the     

,sims are  not1 in my opinion1 very far 
different4          ,,footnotes4        
#bjg  ,this was called to my attention  
by a distinguished ,greek scholar  of   
this ,university4    #bcc;a  ,the       
,hauenstein tunnel was not completed    
until later4  ,its  construction was    
delayed by a fall of earth which        
occurred in #aheg and  buried           
sixty-three workmen4--,r4 ,a4 ,s4       
#bcc;b  ,mr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,harris has        
identified ,butler's rooms in the third 
court  of ,st4 ,john's ,college4--,r4   
,a4 ,s4    #bci  ,as ,walmisley died in 
,january1 #ahef1 this piece must        
evidently date  from ,butler's first    
year at ,cambridge4--,r4 ,a4 ,s4    #bfi
  ,william ,selwyn ,d4,d41 ,fellow of   
,st4 ,john's ,lady ,margaret ,professor 
of ,divinity1 died #ahge4--;,a4 ,t4 ,b4 
#bgj ,charles ,clayton1 ,m4,a41 of      
,gonville and ,caius1 ,vicar of ,holy   
,trinity1 ,cambridge1 #ahea-fe4  ,died  
#ahhc4--;,a4 ,t4 ,b4