,/4 ,paul's ,epi/le to ! ,romans ,a ,practical ,exposition ,,by ,,*>les ,,gore1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,d4 ,,( ,,! ,,community ,,( ,,! ,,resurrection ,,canon ,,( ,,we/m9/]2 ,,*apla9 ,,to ,,! ,,k+ ,,vol4 ,,ii 7,,*apt]s ,,ix-,,xvi7 ,,new ,,impression ,,london ,,john ,,murray1 ,,albem>le ,,/reet #aija ,,ox=d ,,horace ,,h>t1 ,,pr9t] ,,to ,,! ,,univ]sity v ,,preface ,!re w\ld be no ne$ = a preface to ?is second volume 7 x n t a v k9dly & c>eful review ( ! fir/ volume 9 ,! ,gu>dian ( ,may #bd la/1 requires a ^w ( notice4 ,! review] w>ns me (f '! dialogue sy/em ( exegesis4' ,n[ no d\bt ?is pr9ciple1 l e o!r1 may be abus$4 ',! ,jewi% objector' may1 z ! review] compla9s1 be all[$ to 'run riot4' ,/ill ,i _c d\bt t ! ,jewi% objector is a reality ( an illum9ative k9d 9 ! argum5t ( su* passages z ,romans iii4 #a-h1 or ! great passage 7ix-xi71 to :i* ! fir/ "p ( ?is volume is devot$4 ,( ! o!r po9ts ( detail notic$ by ! review]--:i* a volume ( ?is k9d is n ! place to discuss--_m are confess$ly d\btful1 & "s unimportant4 ,on mo/ ( vi !m ,i am /ill dispos$ to reta9 my =m] op9ion1 b ,i w\ld1 9 accordance ) my critic's wi%es1 alt] '! actual life' 7vol4 i4 p4 #bjc7 into '! pr9ciple ( life1' & 7p4 #bac7 in/ead ( say+ t ! pr9ciple ( liv+ by dy+ 'belongs only to a fall5 _w' say t 'x belongs1 z ,/4 ,paul views x1 ?\gh probably n 9 its ultimate law1 to a fall5 _w4' ,i agree t 9 its deepe/ s5se ! pr9ciple appe>s to be an ultimate law ( all creat$ life ( :i* ! conditions are kn[n to u4 ,c4 ,g4 ,,we/m9/] ,,abbey1 ,conv]sion ( ,/4 ,paul1 #aijj4 vii ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,! ,,epi/le ,,to ,,! ,,romans4 ,,page ,,division ,,iv ,! !odicy or ju/ification ( ,god = ,8 deal+s ) ! ,jews 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #a ,,*apt] ,,ix4 #a-ac #a ,! pres5t rejection ( ,israelites no brea* ( a div9e promise 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ad #ad-bi #b ,god's lib]ty 9 %[+ m]cy & judgem5t always reta9$ & ass]t$ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ca #cj-x4#ba #c ,lack ( fai? ! reason ( ,israel's rejection #dd ,,xi4 #a-ab #d ,god's judgem5t on ,israel nei!r univ]sal nor f9al 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ei #ac-cf #e ,god's pres5t purpose = ! ,jews ?r\gh ! ,g5tiles3 & s = all humanity 4 4 4 4 4 #fh ,,division ,v ,practical exhortation 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ie ,,xii4 #a-b #a ,self-surr5d] 9 response to ,god 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ig #c-ba #b ,! community _s 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ajc ,,xiii4 #a-g #c ,! ,*ri/ians & ! imp]ial p[] 4 4 4 4 4 #aaf #h-aj #d ,! summ>y debt 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #abg #aa-ad #e ,! approa* ( ! day 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #acc ,,xiv4 #a-bc #f ,mutual tol]ation 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #acg ,,xv4 #a-ac #g ,unselfi% =be>ance & inclusiv5ess 4 4 4 4 #aei viii ,,division ,,vi ,conclusion 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #agj ,,xv4 #d-cc #a ,/4 ,paul's excuse = writ+1 & 8 hope ( com+ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #aga ,,xvi4 #a-b #b ,a comm5dation 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ahi #c-af #c ,p]sonal greet+s 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #aia #ag-bj #d ,f9al w>n+ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #aih #ba-bc #e ,salutations f companions 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bjj #be-bg #f ,f9al doxology 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bja ,,app5d$ ,,notes3-- ,a4 ,! mean+s ( ! ^w 'fai?' 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bje ,b4 ,! use ( ! ^w 'consci5ce' 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bjg ,c4 ,rec5t reactions f ! tea*+ ab\t hell 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #baj ,d4 ,difficulties ab\t ! doctr9e ( ! atonem5t 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bae ,e4 ,evolution & ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! ,fall 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bai ,f4 ,baptism by imm]sion & by affusion 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bcg ,g4 ,a pray] ( ,j]emy ,taylor 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bch ,h4 ,! orig9 ( ! maxim ',9 necess>iis unitas1 c4' 4 4 4 4 #bci ,i4 ,/4 ,augu/9e's tea*+ t ',! ,*ur* is ! body ( ,*ri/ (f]$ 9 ! eu*>i/' 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bdj #a ,,! ,,epi/le ,,to ,,! ,,romans ,,division ,,iv4 ,,*apt]s ,,ix-,,xi4 ,! !odicy or ju/ification ( ,god = ,8 deal+s ) ! ,jews4 ,/4 ,paul has conclud$ 8 great exposition ( ! mean+ ( '! gospel'3 t 9 x is ! disclosure ( a div9e righte\sness into :i* all mank9d--,jews & ,g5tiles on ! same level ( ne$ & s9--are to be freely admitt$ by simply believ+ 9 ,jesus4 ,! believ] 9 ,jesus fir/ welcomes ! absolute & unm]it$ =giv5ess ( 8 s9s1 :i* 8 r$eem] has won = him1 & ?us acquitt$ passes into ! spiritual /r5g? & joy & fell[%ip ( ! new life1 ! life ( ! r$eem$ humanity1 liv$ 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! second ,adam or head ( our race4 ,! #b contemplation ( ! pres5t moral fre$om1 & ! glori\s future prospect1 ( ?is ca?olic body--! elect ( ,god 9 ,jesus ,*ri/--has 9 ! eigh? *apt] fill$ ! apo/le's language ) ! gl[ ( an en?usiasm almo/ unp>allel$ 9 all ! compass ( 8 epi/les4 ,& he is int5d+ to pass on to int]pret to ! repres5tatives ( ?is *ur* ( ,*ri/ at ,rome "s ( ! moral obligations :i* foll[ mo/ cle>ly f ! consid]ation ( :at _! fai? really means4 ,?is e?ical division ( ! epi/le beg9s ) *apt] xii4 ,! int]val 7ix-xi7 is occupi$ ) a discussion :i* is an episode1 9 ! s5se t ! epi/le might be read )\t x & no feel+ ( a brok5 unity w\ld =ce itself ^u u4 ,none ! less ! discussion n only confronts & sil5ces an obvi\s objection to ,/4 ,paul's tea*+1 b also br+s out ideas ab\t ! mean+ ( ! div9e election1 & ! responsibility involv$ 9 x1 :i* are vital & necess>y = ! true und]/&+ ( ! 'free grace ( ,god4' ,= ^! *apt]s s]ve really to safegu>d ! all-important s5se ( our human responsibility "u ! ri* & unm]it$ conditions ( div9e privilege 9 :i* we f9d ourselves4 #c ,/4 ,paul's argum5t s f> has involv$ an obvi\s conclusion4 ,god's elect are no long] ! ,jews 9 p>ticul>4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! ,jews 9 bulk h lo/ _! position & become apo/ates 9 reject+ ! ,*ri/4 ,?is result 9 ! fir/ place cuts ,/4 ,paul to ! he>t1 = 8 religi\s patriotism 0 peculi>ly int5se4 ,b 9 ! second place x furni%es an objection 9 ! m\? ( ! ,jew aga9/ ,/4 ,paul's :ole message4 ,= if ,god _h really reject$ ,8 *os5 p1 ,he _h brok5 ,8 ^w 9 s do+4 ,god _h pl$g$ ,himself to ,israel3 ! ,old ,te/am5t scriptures 7 full ( passages :i* might be quot$ to ?is effect4 ,?us-- ',my m]cy w ,i n utt]ly take f ,david ',nor suff] my fai?fulness to fail4 ',my cov5ant w ,i n break1 ',nor alt] ! ?+ t is gone out ( my lips4 ',once h ,i sworn by my hol9ess2 ',i w n lie unto ,david2 ',8 se$ %all endure = ev]1 ',& 8 ?rone z ! sun be=e me4 ',x %all be e/abli%$ = ev] z ! moon1 ',& z ! fai?ful witness 9 ! sky#a4' ,b accord+ to ,/4 ,paul's tea*+1 _h n ,god 'brok5 ,8 cov5ant'8 ,:at _h #d become ( ! 'fai?ful witness'8 ,to ?is objection1 !n1 ,/4 ,paul sets himself to reply4 ,! *apt]s we are n[ to consid] may be be/ repres5t$ z an animat$ def5ce ( 8 tea*+ direct$ t[>d a ,jew :o pleads ?is objection4 ,/4 ,paul1 no d\bt1 _h he>d too mu* ( x s9ce he began to prea* ! gospel1 & _h felt x too deeply 9 8 own m9d 9 ! e>li] days1 :5 ! ^w ( ,jesus 0 z a goad aga9/ :i* he 0 kick+1 = x to be possible = him to pass x by4 ,& 8 def5ce--8 '!odicy' or ju/ification ( ,god--is 9 brief ?is3 ,god nev] committ$ ,himself or ti$ ,himself to ,israel physically und]/ood4 ,he always kept hang+ ov] _! heads decl>ations ( ,8 own fre$om 9 *oos+ ,8 in/rum5ts1 & w>n+s ( possible rejection1 su* z ought to h prev5t$ _! re/+ satisfi$ ) m]ely hav+ ',abraham to _! fa!r' 7ix74 ,& if ! "q be ask$3 ,:y has ,israel be5 reject$8 ,! answ] is3 ,t s f> z actual ,israel has fall5 out ( ! elect body1 x is because !y refus$ to exhibit ! correspond5ce ( fai? 7x72 b also ,israel1 z su*1 has n be5 reject$2 =1 z ( old1 s n[ !re is a fai?ful remnant4 ,nor aga9 is ! p>tial ali5ation ( ,israel :i* #e has occurr$ f9al4 ,god is simply wait+ = _! recov]y ( fai?1 to re/ore !m to _! anci5t & inali5able position ( election4 ,mean:ile ,he uses _! tempor>y ali5ation z ! opportunity ( ! ,g5tiles1 :o 9 _! turn c only reta9 _! newly won position by ma9ta9+ ! correspond5ce ( fai? ) ! purposes ( ,god1 & :o also wait = _! fulfilm5t & ! p]fect+ ( _! joy ^u ! recov]y ( ,israel z a body4 ,?us ?r\gh all /ages ( election & rejection--by bo? me?ods ( m]cy & ( judgem5t--,god1 9 ,8 inscrutable wisdom1 works /eadily = ! opportunity ( %[+ ,8 m]cy ^u all m54 ,:5 we h a brief analysis ( ! argum5t ( ^! *apt]s "u our eyes1 we may well rub !m 9 a/oni%m5t1 & look aga91 & ask :y1 9 ! reaction aga9/ ,calv9ism#b1 we _h come 7to put x frankly7 to dislike ^! *apt]s s mu*4 ,we "k t z a fact ^! *apt]s h be5 tak5 z a /ronghold ( ! ,calv9i/ic position by bo? its #f fri5ds & foes4 ,!y h come to con/itute 9 mod]n lit]ature a sort ( reproa* ^u ,*ri/ianity#c1 j on ! gr\nd on :i* ! be/ ,*ri/ian consci5ce ( our "t is mo/ s5sitive4 ,_m ( u w\ld h to admit t we h %runk f ^! *apt]s z we h he>d !m read1 & probably avoid$ !m 9 our own read+4 ,we h %runk f ! s\nd ( ! words--'! *ildr5 be+ n yet born1 nei!r hav+ done any?+ good or bad1 t ! purpose ( ,god accord+ to election might /&1 n ( works b ( him t calle?'--',jacob h ,i lov$1 & ,esau h ,i hat$'--',:om he w he h>d5e?'--',ha? n ! pott] p[] ov] ! clay4' ,yet ^! texts1 ) _! arbitr>y1 unfair & n>r[ s\nd1 appe> z /eps 9 an argum5t :i* has = its conclusion ! mo/ univ]sal conception possible ( ! purpose ( ! div9e love4 ',god %ut up all unto disob$i5ce1 t he might h m]cy ^u all4' ,! conclusion ( ! argum5t is s unmi/akable1 & s pla9 aga9/ any ,calv9i/ic attribution to ,god ( #g a n>r[ & arbitr>y fav\ritism1 t !re mu/ h be5 "s great mi/ake 9 our und]/&+ ( its ma9 po9t & drift4 ,x is wor? :ile !n to indicate at />t+ :]e ! error has la94 #a4 ,x has be5 9 "p ow+ to our mi/ak5 habit ( tak+ isolat$ 'texts' out ( _! connexion1 z if !y 7 deta*$ aphorisms4 ,n[ ,/4 ,john1 9 8 m$itative me?od1 does v g5]ally r\nd (f a fundam5tal ,*ri/ian tru? into an aphorism :i* really admits ( be+ deta*$ & quot$ ap>t f its context4 ,& no d\bt !re are 9 ,/4 ,paul deta*able texts4 ,b on ! :ole ,/4 ,paul1 lea/ ( all m51 admits ( be+ judg$ by deta*$ fragm5ts4 ,8 ?\ght is always 9 process4 ,x looks be=e & aft]4 ,he is s]i\sly wrong$ by ! m]e fact ( 8 epi/les be+ divid$ into sep>ate v]ses1 & sometimes arbitr>y *apt]s1 z 9 ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion4 ,?us 9 ! case ( ^! ?ree *apt]s1 ! common mi/ake z to ! mean+ ( p>ticul> phrases c\ld h>dly h aris5 if ! argum5t _h be5 kept 9 m9d z a :ole1 & especially its conclusion z to ! univ]sal purpose ( div9e love--'to h m]cy ^u all4' #b4 ,=1 among o!r ?+s1 ! true mean+ #h ( 'election' 9 ^! *apt]s w\ld !n h be5 app>5t4 ,/4 ,paul has be5 popul>ly misund]/ood to be ref]r+ to ,god's 'election' ( "s individual m5 to salvation 9 heav51 & ,8 ab&onm5t ( ! re/ to hell4 ,:]eas ! argum5t z a :ole & its conclusion make x q c]ta9 t :at he is speak+ ( is ! election ( m5 9 nations or *ur*es 7only subord9ately ( individuals7#d to a position ( special spiritual privilege & responsibility 9 ?is _w1 su* z ! ,jews _h =m]ly occupi$1 & ! ,*ri/ians 7 occupy+ n[--an election to be ! p ( ,god1 & be> ,8 "n 9 ! face ( ! _w--! sort ( election :i* c>ries ) x a great joy & a special opportunity1 b n by any means a c]ta9ty ( f9al p]sonal acceptabl5ess to #i ,god1 ap>t f moral fai?fulness4 ,ap>t f su* fai?fulness ! '*ildr5 ( ! k+dom %all be ca/ into ! out] d>kness1' & ! highe/ %all be put l[e/1 :ile ! l[e/ are rais$ highe/4 #c4 ,ano!r cause ( misund]/&+ has be5 =getfulness ( ! po9t ( view ( ! oppon5t ) :om ,/4 ,paul is argu+4 ,9 mod]n times ass]tions ( div9e absolut5ess1 l ,/4 ,paul's1 h be5 made by tea*]s :o 7 refus+ to recognize any su* fre$om ( ! w 9 ! individual human be+--any su* p[] to control 8 own p]sonal de/9y--z seems to our common s5se to be involv$ 9 moral responsibility 9 any real s5se4 ,/4 ,paul has !re=e be5 suppos$1 l ^! m rec5t tea*]s1 to be ass]t+ div9e absolut5ess1 or ! unre/rict$ fre$om ( div9e *oice1 z aga9/ human fre$om1 or 9 su* a way z to de/roy ! idea ( moral responsibility4 ,b 9 fact ,/4 ,paul is v9dicat+ moral responsibility4 ,8 oppon5t is ! ,jew1 :o holds t ,god _h s ti$ ,8 h&s & lo/ ,8 lib]ty 9 *oos+ ,israel once = all = ,8 elect p1 t e *ild ( ,abraham c at all times claim ! privileges ( 8 election = no o!r reason ?an because ( 8 #aj g5ealogy4 ,su* a doctr9e ( election does inde$ de/roy all real moral responsibility 9 ! subject ( x1 & all fre$om ( moral *oice 9 ,god4 ,/4 ,paul1 on ! o!r h&1 ass]ts t ,god rema9s free & absolute to elect & to reject1 irrespective ( all que/ions ( race1 :]e ,he w & z ,he w4 ,! absolute reason ( ,god's selections1 ! reason :y c]ta9 races & individuals are *os5 = special privileges & z special in/rum5ts ( ! div9e purpose1 lies 9 a region into :i* we _c p5etrate4 ,b because ,god has %[n u ,8 moral "* & requirem5t1 we c "k h[1 & h[ only1 we may hope to reta9 any position :i* ,god has giv5 u2 x is by exhibit+ moral correspond5ce ) ,8 purpose--t is fai?--or malleability "u ,8 h&4 ,?is is a doctr9e !n :i* lays ^u '! elect1' at any p>ticul> mom5t1 ! moral responsibility ( correspond5ce ) a div9e purpose4 ,9 a ^w1 ,/4 ,paul ass]ts div9e sov]eignty 9 su* a s5se z v9dicates in/ead ( de/roy+ moral responsibility1 :ile 8 oppon5t is claim+ = ,israel a sort ( fre$om f be+ int]f]$ )1 :i* w\ld really de/roy _! moral responsibility altoge!r4 #aa ,?us1 z has already be5 po9t$ out#e1 no?+ c well be m important ?an to keep cle>ly 9 m9d1 "h z else:]e1 ) :om ,/4 ,paul is argu+4 #d4 ,x is wor? :ile rem>k+1 be=e we apply ourselves to ,/4 ,paul's argum5t 9 detail1 t x is ess5tially 'apologetic'3 x is a ju/ification ( ,god 9 view ( c]ta9 felt difficulties3 & x is an argum5t ad hom9em1 t is an argum5t ) c]ta9 p on _! own assumptions1 ! sort ( argum5t :i* takes ! =m ( say+1 'y at lea/ h no "r on y\r own pr9ciples to urge su* & su* difficulties4' ,n[ we are b\nd to recognize h[ v important at all p]iods ?is ad hom9em appeal is3 h[ v important x is to get m5 to see :at _! own pr9ciples really involve4 ,a great "p ( ! evil ( ! _w comes ?r\gh p n ?9k+ out :at !y really mean & believe4 ,b on ! o!r h&1 ?is sort ( argum5t1 :i* proce$s ^u a c]ta9 set ( assumptions1 has (t5 a m]ely tempor>y =ce1 & c>ries ) x an accompany+ dang]4 ,:5 ! /ate ( m9d contemplat$ becomes a matt] ( hi/ory1 ! argum5t bas$ on its assumption has lo/ its p[]4 ,9 #ab view ( a q diff]5t set ( assumptions x may become ev5 mislead+4 ,= example1 ,bi%op ,butl] argu$ = ! tru?s ( natural & reveal$ religion1 on ! analogy ( ! facts ( nature & on ! assumption ( a div9e au?or ( nature1 ?us--,if1 z y admit1 ,god made nature1 & yet nature is %[n to conta9 su* & su* facts or processes1 h[ c y argue aga9/ ! div9e au?or%ip ( natural religion & revelation on ! gr\nd t x attributes to ,god simil> facts & processes8 ,?is 0 a v effective argum5t s long z m5 did treat ! doctr9e ( ,god hav+ creat$ ! _w z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,b :5 'agno/icism' arose--:5 m5 ceas$ to discov] 9 nature any decisive argum5t = ,god or aga9/ ,god1 & pr(ess$ only an inability to draw any conclusion at all1 ,butl]'s argum5t _h lo/ its =ce1 & ! difficulties 9 nature & religion to :i* he call$ att5tion c\ld ev5 be us$ aga9/ ascrib+ a div9e au?or%ip to ei!r4 ,apologetic argum5ts are always liable to ?is p]il4 ,?us ,/4 ,paul's argum5ts1 bas$ on an unhesitat+ belief t ! ,old ,te/am5t conta9$ really ! words ( ,god1 t :at !y ass]t$ ab\t ,god 0 c]ta9ly true1 & t ,god 0 c]ta9ly j #ac & ! /&>d ( ju/ice1 may h an effect v contr>y to 8 int5tion :5 !y are appli$ to p :o feel no su* c]ta9ties4 ,/4 ,paul may seem to be mak+ ! difficulties ( believ+ 9 ! ,bible only m obvi\s1 by call+ att5tion to its 'h>% & un$ify+' elem5ts4 ,b ?is un=tunate result ( mo/ 'apologies' is1 at lea/ 9 ! case ( ,/4 ,paul & ,bi%op ,butl]1 only sup]ficial4 ,if ! apologetic argum5t is really deep1 x reta9s1 if n exactly its orig9al value1 yet a value n ! less real4 ,butl]'s indications ( ! pr(\nd analogy :i* holds betwe5 ! doctr9es ( religion & ! facts ( nature1 c nev] be out ( place or lose =ce4 ,/ill less c m5 ev] cease to le>n ! deepe/ lessons f 8 temp] ( m9d & me?od4 ,& t x is s ) ,/4 ,paul's apology--t x conta9s ! pr(\nde/ & mo/ abid+ lessons ab\t ! responsibility & dang] ( all elect bodies & individuals--w appe> pla9ly en\gh 9 :at foll[s1 n[ t we are 9 a position to approa* 8 argum5t 9 detail4 #a ,ps4 lxxxix4 #cc-g4 #b ,by ?is phrase is commonly meant ! doctr9e t ,god creat$ "s m5 absolutely & irresi/ibly pr$e/9$ to et]nal life & joy1 & creat$ ! re/ ( mank9d absolutely & hopelessly ab&on$ to et]nal mis]y4 #c ,mat!w ,arnold1 ,/4 ,paul & ,prote/antism 7,smi?1 ,eld]1 #ahgj71 p4 #ii1 admits t ,/4 ,paul 'falls into ,calv9ism1' b patroniz+ly excuses him on ! gr\nd t ?is ,calv9ism is ) him second>y1 or ev5 less ?an second>y4 #d ,( c\rse ! election ( ! nation or ! *ur* is felt1 especially 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 or :5ev] 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t individuality is fully realiz$1 to involve ! election ( ea* ( ! p]sons compos+ ! nation or ! *ur*4 ,b /ill _! election is a *all5ge to _! fai?1 & no gu>antee ( ultimate salvation4 ,/4 ,paul is left pray+ & suff]+ '= ! elect's sake t !y also may obta9 ! salvation 444 ) et]nal glory' 7#b ,tim4 ii4 #aj74 ,! elect h to 'make _! call+ & election sure' 7#b ,pet] i4 #aj74 ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 be notic$ t election may be1 & 9 ! ,gospels is1 us$ to describe ! f9al selection ( ^? :o are prov$ wor?y ( ! 'm>riage supp] ( ! ,lamb4' 7,matt4 xxii4 #ad47 #e ,vol4 i4 pp4 #aad f4 #ad ,,division ,,iv4 #a4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 #a-ac4 ,! pres5t rejection ( ,israelites no brea* ( a div9e promise4 ,/4 ,paul has f9i%$ 8 gl[+ description ( ! position & prospects ( ! elect p ( ,god4 ,& !n1 by contra/1 ! mis]y ( ! outca/ p once call$ elect--8 own p--wr+s 8 he>t ) pa94 ,! v idea t 9 8 new en?usiasm = ! ca?olic *ur* he c be suppos$ to be =gett+ ^? :o are ( 8 own fle% & blood1 /irs him to a pr(\nd prote/4 ,he solemnly assev]ates t ! pa9 :i* ,israel's rejection causes him is acute & cont9u\s4 ,he has caught himself at ! po9t ( pray+ to be himself an outca/ f ,*ri/1 if s be he c\ld br+ ! p ( 8 own k9dr$ & blood into ! ,*ur*4 ,= :o inde$ c\ld seem to h s good a title to be !re8 ,!y are ! ,israelites--t is ,god's own p3 ! eye ( ,god 0 s specially ^u ?is race #ae t ,he r$eem$ x & made x ,8 own son#a3 to !m 0 v\*saf$ ! %9+ ( ,8 cont9ual pres5ce 9 ! tab]nacle#b3 to !m1 9 ! p]sons ( ! patri>*s & ( ,moses1 ,god gave special cov5ants1 t is to say1 pl$g$ ,8 ^w to !m 9 an unmi/akable mann] & repeat$ly t ,he %\ld be _! ,god & !y %\ld be ,8 p3 ?us 9 pursuance ( a div9e purpose !y 7 br\ght "u ! education ( ! div9ely giv5 law & ritual wor%ip3 & all ?is ) direct & repeat$ promises ( a m glori\s position 9 ! future to be br\ght ab\t by ! div9e k+1 ! ,*ri/ :o 0 to be4 ,to !m f9ally belongs all ! sanctity :i* c atta* to a p f hav+ numb]$ among its memb]s ! holy ones ( ,god3 = ( ?is race 7 ! patri>*s1 ! fri5ds ( ,god2 & ( ?is race1 s f> z human bir? is conc]n$1 came 9 fact ! ,*ri/ :o1 born a ,jew1 is sov]eign ( ! univ]se & ev] bless$ ,god4 ,surely !n1 ,/4 ,paul implies1 t ?is race1 n[ t ! ,*ri/ !y 7 expect+ is at la/ come1 n[ t ! goal ( all ,god's deal+s ) !m is at la/ rea*$1 %\ld h fall5 outside ! circle ( ,8 p & be no long] %>]s 9 #af ! son%ip or ! election1 w\ld seem a result too mon/r\s to contemplate4 ,! contra/ betwe5 :at !y 7 & 7 int5d$ =1 & :at 9 pres5t appe>ance !y are1 is inde$ appall+4 ,yet ! natural conclusion = ! ,jew to draw1 :i* at ?is po9t fla%es into ,/4 ,paul's m9d1 ! conclusion t ,god has prov$ unfai?ful1 is n ! true "o4 ,no3 ,god's ^w1 ,god's promise1 has n brok5 d[n4 ,=1 if ! facts are look$ at1 x appe>s q pla9ly t ! ,israel ( ,god 0 nev] simply ! ,israel ( physical desc5t1 nor ! *ildr5 ( ,abraham simply 8 physical se$4 ,pla9ly n4 ,= ,isaac & ,i%mael 7 equally ,abraham's se$1 physically consid]$1 b = ! purpose ( ,god ! promise is giv5 only to ! family ( ! y\ng] son1 ,isaac 7,g54 xxi4 #ab71 :o moreov] 0 born1 n 9 ! m]e natural ord]1 b "u circum/ances ( special div9e promise & int]v5tion 7,g54 xviii4 #aj74 ,& if 9 ?is case x be said t ! y\ng] son ,isaac 0 ! only son ( ,s>ah1 ! wife & free woman1 & !re=e _h a natural pr]ogative ov] ,i%mael1 yet ! same inscrutable pr9ciple ( selection is app>5t 9 ! next g5]ation1 9 a case :]e !re is no possible inequality #ag ( natural claim--9 ! case ( ! two sons born simultane\sly to ,isaac ( ! same "m4 ,prior to _! bir?1 & prior !re=e to any possible m]it or dem]it on _! own "p--s t ,god's absolute fre$om ( *oice %\ld appe> q conspicu\sly--! y\ng] ,jacob 0 delib]ately pref]r$ ov] ! eld] ,esau 7,g54 xxv4 #bc74 ,& 9 fact ?is race ( ,esau1 ?is ,edom--?\gh !y 7 ,israelites aft] ! fle%--appe> 9 hi/ory z some?+ mu* worse ?an m]ely second>y to ! true ,israel2 = ,god speaks by ,mala*i & decl>es t1 :]eas ,israel is ,8 belov$ son1 ,esau1 t is ,edom1 ,he has 'hat$' 7,mal4 i4 #c74 ,no ,israelite !re=e :o reads 8 scriptures 7,/4 ,paul w\ld conclude7 ought to h fail$ to p]ceive an inscrutable elem5t 9 ,god's *oice ( 8 *os5 p4 ,he ought n to h felt 9 8 own case1 any m ?an 9 t ( ! fir/ *ildr5 ( ,abraham or ,isaac1 t he c\ld be sure ( memb]%ip 9 ! p ( ,god m]ely because ( 8 physical desc5t4 ,i say ! tru? 9 ,*ri/1 ,i lie n1 my consci5ce be>+ witness ) me 9 ! ,holy ,gho/1 t ,i h great sorr[ & unceas+ pa9 9 my he>t4 ,= ,i c\ld wi%#c t ,i myself 7 ana!ma f ,*ri/ = my #ah bre?r5's sake1 my k9sm5 accord+ to ! fle%3 :o are ,israelites2 ^: is ! adoption1 & ! glory1 & ! cov5ants1 & ! giv+ ( ! law1 & ! s]vice ( ,god1 & ! promises2 ^: are ! fa!rs1 & ( :om is ,*ri/ z conc]n+ ! fle%1 :o is ov] all1 ,god bless$ = ev]4 ,am54 ,b x is n z ?\gh ! ^w ( ,god ha? come to n\ght4 ,= !y are n all ,israel1 :i* are ( ,israel3 nei!r1 because !y are ,abraham's se$1 are !y all *ildr53 b1 ,9 ,isaac %all ?y se$ be call$4 ,t is1 x is n ! *ildr5 ( ! fle% t are *ildr5 ( ,god2 b ! *ildr5 ( ! promise are reckon$ = a se$4 ,= ?is is a ^w ( promise1 ,accord+ to ?is season w ,i come1 & ,s>ah %all h a son4 ,& n only s2 b ,rebecca also hav+ conceiv$ by "o1 ev5 by our fa!r ,isaac--= ! *ildr5 be+ n yet born1 nei!r hav+ done any?+ good or bad1 t ! purpose ( ,god accord+ to election might /&1 n ( works1 b ( him t calle?1 x 0 said unto h]1 ,! eld] %all s]ve ! y\ng]4 ,ev5 z x is writt51 ,jacob ,i lov$1 b ,esau ,i hat$4 #a4 ,/4 ,paul's e>ne/ assev]ation is v noticeable 9 =m4 ,x %[s s mu* ( 8 in/9ctive inw>d life4 ,he lives '9 ,*ri/1' :o is light z well z life#d1 & to speak ! tru? is ! v atmosph]e ( ?is new life#e4 ,z x comes natural to _m p to say '^u my ^w z a g5tleman1' x comes natural to ,/4 ,paul to say1 'speak+ z 9 ,*ri/1 :o is ! light4' ,& 8 natural consci5ce--t is ! faculty ( pass+ judgem5t on "o's own actions1 #ai :i* 9 ,/4 ,paul's case be>s witness to ! tru? ( :at he says by pass+ no c5sure on him--t too does n act ( itself m]ely1 b 9 ! ,_s ( ! new life1 ! ,holy ,_s ( ,*ri/1 :i* inspires & ratifies ! moral judgem5t1 o!rwise s liable to be degrad$ or p]v]t$ or sil5c$3 8 consci5ce be>s witness ) 8 ^w 9 ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,"h1 !n1 is ! :ole secret ( ,*ri/ian tru?fulness4 ,! ,*ri/ian is tru?ful because he lives & speaks 9 ,god1 9 ,*ri/1 9 ! ,_s4 ,z to ,/4 ,paul's half-express$ pray] 7',i 0 pray+1' he says1 i4e4 ',i caught myself pray+'71 x resembles t ( ,moses = 8 rebelli\s p#f4 ',& n[1 ,o ,"l1 if ?\ wilt =give _! s9--2 & if n1 blot me1 ,i pray !e1 out ( ?y book :i* ?\ ha/ writt54' ,b ,/4 ,paul's in/9ctive desire is n app>5tly l t ( ,moses1 to p]i% ) 8 p r ?an be sav$ )\t !m2 b to (f] himself = rejection ) a view to _! salvation4 ,! pray] is1 z ,/4 ,paul implies1 an impossible pray]1 b x expresses1 z h>dly any?+ else c\ld1 ! int5sity ( 8 feel+4 ,& su* int5sity ( feel+ 0 natural to ! deep religi\s patriotism ( a ,jew4 #bj ,we may illu/rate ,/4 ,paul's feel+ by comp>+ a f9e expression ( a m commonplace sorr[ ov] ! ru9 ( ,israel f a p]iod aft] ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem#g4 ',n[ !re=e ,i w speak2 t\*+ man 9 g5]al1 ?\ kn[e/ be/2 b t\*+ ?y p w ,i speak1 = ^: sake ,i am sorry2 & = ?9e inh]itance1 = ^: cause ,i m\rn2 & = ,israel1 = :om ,i am heavy2 & = ! se$ ( ,jacob1 = ^: sake ,i am tr\bl$4' ',?\ see/ t our sanctu>y is laid wa/e1 our alt> brok5 d[n1 our temple de/roy$2 our psalt]y is br\ght l[1 our song is put to sil5ce1 our rejoic+ is at an end2 ! light ( our c&le/ick is put out1 ! ark ( our cov5ant is spoil$1 our holy ?+s are defil$1 & ! "n t is call$ ^u u is pr(an$2 our freem5 are despitefully treat$1 our prie/s are burnt1 our ,levites are gone into captivity1 our virg9s are defil$1 & our wives ravi%$2 our righte\s m5 c>ri$ away1 our little ones betray$1 our "y m5 are br\ght into bondage1 & our /rong m5 are become weak2 &1 :at is m ?an all1 ! seal ( ,sion--= %e ha? n[ lo/ ! seal ( h] #ba hon\r1 & is deliv]$ into ! h&s ( !m t hate u4' #b4 ,z we read ,/4 ,paul's enum]ation ( ! glories ( ,israel1 x is ( c\rse obvi\s = u to pursue ! l9e ( ?\ght taught u else:]e by ,/4 ,paul1 & 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews2 & to recognize h[ ea* elem5t ( ! 'glory1' :i* belong$ once to ! ,jewi% 'm9i/ration ( condemnation1' belongs 9 deep] & full] measure to ! ,*ri/ian 'm9i/ration ( ! ,_s#h4' ,ours is ! vocation ( ! *os5 p2 ours is ! son%ip to ,god2 & ! p]petual pres5ce2 & ! security ( div9e cov5ant2 ours is ! div9e law1 & ) x1 :at is mu* bett]1 ! ,_s = its accompli%m5t2 ours is ! corporate wor%ip 9 _s & 9 tru?1 ! ,*ur*'s eu*>i/2 = u1 too1 are promises :i* ! realization ( ^? ( ! fir/ cov5ant has made 'm sure'2 ours f9ally is ! communion ( ! sa9ts f ,abraham onw>d into ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,& 9 proportion !re=e to ! greatness ( our privileges1 ev5 z comp>$ ) ^? ( ! old] cov5ant1 is ! greatness ( our responsibility2 ',= ,i w\ld n1 bre?r51 h y ignorant#i1' ,/4 ,paul w\ld #bb say2 he w\ld n h u fail to pr(it by ! w>n+s ( old days4 ,& ano!r voice w>ns u ',( h[ mu* sor] puni%m5t %all he be ?\ght wor?y1 :o ha? trodd5 "u foot ! ,son ( ,god1 & ha? c\nt$ ! blood ( ! cov5ant1 :]e) he 0 sanctifi$1 an unholy ?+1 & ha? done despite unto ! ,_s ( grace#aj4' #c4 ,!re has be5 among/ critics1 s9ce ,erasmus1 mu* controv]sy ov] ! clause1 ':o is ov] all1 ,god bless$ = ev]4' ,!re is no d\bt t x is translat$ mo/ naturally1 & mo/ agreeably to ! balance & movem5t ( ! s5t5ce1 if we attribute x to ,*ri/1 z above4 ,b _m critics1 includ+ "s :o 7 or?odox1 h /umbl$ at ! idea ( ,/4 ,paul speak+ ( ,*ri/ /raight out z 'ov] all1 ,god bless$ = ev]4' ,g5]ally no d\bt ',god' is us$ by ,/4 ,paul z a prop] "n ( ! ,fa!r4 ,b ,*ri/ is cont9ually recogniz$ z possess+ /rictly div9e attributes1 & ex]cis+ /rictly div9e functions2 & 9 all ,/4 ,paul's epi/les1 beg9n+ ) 8 e>lie/ to ! ,!ssalonians1 ,he is ,god's ,son1 ,8 own or prop] ,son#aa4 ,8 blood1 z %$ = our ransom+1 is ,god's own blood1 or #bc 7possibly7 ! blood ( "o :o is ',8 own'#ab4 ,he subsi/$ et]nally 9 ! =m1 or ess5tial attributes1 ( ,god1 & 9 possession ( equality ) ,him2 & ,he possesses n[1 z glorifi$ 9 humanity1 ! div9e "n ( univ]sal sov]eignty1 ! object ( univ]sal wor%ip#ac4 ,!re=e ,he is 9 ! /ricte/ s5se div9e2 & :atev] or1 ,i %\ld say1 :oev] is ess5tially div9e & prop] to ! be+ ( ,god1 c rightly be call$ ,god4 ,=1 inde$1 !re is no?+ 9 ! /rict s5se div9e b ,god ,himself4 ,x 0 !n m]ely a "q ( "t :5 ,*ri/ians w\ld become suffici5tly famili> ) ! new revelation ( ! ?reefold "n to apply ! ^w ,god to ! ,son & ! ,_s z naturally z to ! ,fa!r4 ,& !re is no?+ really to surprise u 9 ,/4 ,paul "h apply+ x to ,*ri/#ad3 no?+ c]ta9ly to w>rant u 9 do+ viol5ce to ! s5t5ce1 9 ord] to obviate ! conclusion t he did s1 by putt+ a full /op aft] 'fle%1' & !n suppos+ an abrupt exclamation ',he :o is ov] all is ,god bless$ = ev]#ae6' #bd ,let x be recogniz$1 !n1 t ,/4 ,paul "h pla9ly speaks ( ,*ri/ z 'ov] all1' i4e4 9 ,8 glorifi$ manhood1 & also z ',god bless$ = ev]'--t is1 z ! "o prop] & et]nal object ( human praise2 & t he speaks ( ,him aga9 else:]e#af1 z 'our great ,god & ,savi\r4' ,x 0 only because ,he 0 ess5tially & et]nally ',god' t ,he c\ld1 9 our manhood & z ! rew>d ( ,8 human ob$i5ce1 be exalt$ to div9e sov]eignty & be 'ov] all4' #d4 ,9 ! re/ ( ! section ,/4 ,paul is argu+ ) a ,jew1 :o makes ! claim t because ( ! div9e cov5ant ,god is b\nd to ! ,israelites1 & to all ,israelites = ev]4 ',we h ,abraham to our fa!r1' & t is en\gh#ag4 ,! high] prophetic _s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t _h already realiz$ t ,god's election ( ,israel 0 a *all5ge to h] to prove h]self wor?y ( an undes]v$ privilege#ah1 & t1 ?\gh a fai?ful remnant w\ld #be nev] fail1 yet unfai?fulness 9 ! bulk ( ! nation w\ld br+ de/ruction ^u !m & loss ( ,god's fav\r#ai4 ,! prophetic _s _h realiz$ also t ,god's s]vant ,israel 0 n 'call$' = 8 own selfi% hon\r's sake1 b 0 entru/$ ) a div9e m9i/ry to fulfil = all ! nations ( ! e>?#bj4 ,x is to ?is high] s5se ( :at ,israel's position meant1 & ! p]ils x involv$1 t ,john ! ,bapti/ & our ,"l ,himself _h s\ght to recall ! ,jews4 ,!y mu/ n '?9k to say )9 !mselves1 ,!y _h ,abraham = _! ,fa!r2 = ,god 0 able ( ! /ones to raise up *ildr5 unto ,abraham4' ,= '_m %\ld come f ! ea/ & ! we/1 & sit d[n ) ,abraham1 & ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 9 ! k+dom ( ,god1 & ! sons ( ! k+dom %\ld be ca/ into #bf ! out] d>kness#ba4' ,b x is evid5t t ?is high] mean+ ( ! doctr9e ( election _h be5 =gott5 by contempor>y ,judaism1 & !y w\ld n be recall$ to x4 ,!y refus$ to contemplate ! spiritual risk ( miss+ _! vocation1 or ! univ]sal purpose = :i* x 0 giv54 ,!y *ose to ?9k t ,israel1 i4e4 ! actual ,israelites 9 bulk1 mu/ rema9 ,god's elect2 t ! ,*ri/1 :5 ,he came1 mu/ come to exalt _! race & nation3 t !y 7 b\nd to inh]it ! bless+s ( ! _w to come3 t ! div9e gov]nm5t ( ! _w exi/$ = _! sakes#bb4 ,/4 ,paul1 !n1 is "h int5d+ to v9dicate ! real mean+ ( election1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* x is b\nd up ) ! e?ical "* ( ,god & c>ries ) x a deep5$ feel+ ( responsibility 9 ^? :o are ! subjects ( x4 #bg ,b 8 argum5t is direct$1 fir/ ( all1 to "o po9t only--to br++ ! eyes ( ! ,jews /raight up to _! own scriptures1 & =c+ !m to see t !y d n ju/ify ! idea ( election purely by race4 ,x is n all ( a c]ta9 se$1 b only "p ( x1 t is *os54 ,!re is no?+ to h9d] a great "p ( ! race aga9 becom+ z ,i%mael or z ,edom by ! side ( ,israel4 ,ultimately1 no d\bt1 !re are two po9ts to be prov$4 ,fir/1 t ,god's me?od ( *oos+ an elect body to be ,8 p 9 ! _w is inscrutable1 s t we _c produce or det]m9e ,8 election by any calculation1 or by any real or suppos$ m]its1 ( ours2 secondly1 t ?\gh we _c create our vocation1 we c reta9 x by moral correspond5ce or fai?1 & by t only4 ,b at pres5t x is only ! fir/ po9t t is insi/$ ^u--! absolute1 inscrutable elem5t 9 ! div9e *oice4 ,& t1 we %\ld notice1 is a fact n m]ely ( scriptural evid5ce b ( common exp]i5ce4 ,m5 are born to high] & l[] positions ( privilege & opportunity4 ,!y are born ,jacobs or ,esaus1 9 respect ( moral1 intellectual1 religi\s1 or physical end[m5t--) t5 tal5ts1 or five1 or two1 or "o2 & ,god does n (t5 give u s #bh mu* z a glimpse ( ! reason :y4 ,all ,he does make cle> to u is t ! det]m9ation ( human vocations1 high] or l[]1 is 9 wis] h&s ?an ours4 ,x is ( c\rse evid5t1 z has already be5 said1 t :at ,/4 ,paul is speak+ ab\t is ! election ( m51 & specially races or nations ( m51 to a position ( spiritual privilege 9 ?is _w4 ,we "k n[1 bett] ?an ! ,jews ( ! ,old ,cov5ant c\ld "k x1 t beh9d all ! app>5t inju/ices & inequalities ( ?is _w lies ! rectify+ equity ( ,god4 ,/4 ,pet] _h come to believe t ! div9e m]cy _h rectifi$ 9 ! _w beyond dea? ! app>5tly r\gh & heavy h&$ judgem5t ^u ! reject$ mass ( mank9d 9 ! "t ( ! ,flood4 ,t physical cata/rophe at lea/ 0 an in/rum5t ( m]cy 9 disguise#bc4 ,/4 ,paul believ$ ! same ab\t all ,god's rejections1 z well z elections1 9 ?is _w4 ,!y s]v$ "o univ]sal purpose3 ',t he might h m]cy ^u all#bd4' ,b #bi all ! same "h & n[ 9 ?is _w ,god does "w by means ( enorm\s inequalities4 ,!re are ,jacobs :om ,he pla9ly loves1 ^u :om ,he %[]s all ,8 ri*e/ bless+s1 & ,esaus :om1 to judge f pres5t evid5ce1 we %\ld say ,he hates--:om ,he sets to live 9 h>de/ & mo/ cramp+ surr\nd+s4 ,& no man c det]m9e :i* lot he %all enjoy4 ,t lies 9 ! inscrutable selectiv5ess ( ,god4 ,t !re is no "q at all ab\t ! et]nal welf>e ( ! individual ,esau's s\l--t ! "q is simply ( ! comp>ative /atus ( ,israel & ,edom 9 ?is _w--appe>s pla9ly 9 ! passage ( ,mala*i1 :i* ,/4 ,paul quotes4 ,& we mu/ notice h[ unexpect$ an application ,/4 ,paul gives to ?is passage 9 a direction mo/ unfamili> to ,jewi% ?\ght4 ,= ,edom 0 to ! ,jew ! v type ( all t 0 mo/ hateful4 ,he anticipat$ = ! ,edomites ,god's wor/ v5geance1 z = ,israel ,god's be/ bless+s4 ,b ,/4 ,paul =ces him to ?9k--,:y %\ld he assume t he w be bett] (f ?an ,edom8 ,edom 0 once physically on ,israel's level1 or 8 sup]ior 9 claim1 :5 _! fir/ fa!rs 7 b j born infants4 ,b ,god *ose "o #cj & n ! o!r4 ,he may ex]cise ! l unscrutable selectiv5ess ^u ! se$ ( ,israel to-day4 ,& ,edom did n rema9 9 a m]ely second>y position4 ,he sank to be a byword = all t is mo/ hateful to ,god4 ,be w>n$1 ,/4 ,paul w\ld say1 x may be t ') *ange ( "n ! tale is told ( !e#be4' #a ,exod4 iv4 #bc2 ,hos4 xi4 #a4 #b ,exod4 xvi4 #aj4 #c ,or 'pray' 7m>g47 lit]ally ',i 0 pray+4' #d ,cf4 ,eph4 v4 #h-ad4 #e ,cf4 ,col4 iii4 #i4 #f ,exod4 xxxii4 #cb4 #g #b ,esdr4 viii4 #ae-af1 x4 #ba-bc4 ,! latt] passage is n spok5 to ,god1 b by "o ,jew to ano!r4 #h #b ,cor4 iii4 #h4 #i ,see #a ,cor4 x4 #a-ac4 #aj ,heb4 x4 #bi4 #aa #a ,!ss4 i4 #aj2 ,rom4 viii4 #c4 #ab ,acts xx4 #bh4 #ac ,phil4 ii4 #f-aa4 #ad ,)\t ! article :i* makes x a prop] "n ( ! ,fa!r4 #ae ,r4 ,v4 m>g9#b4 ,x does fur!r viol5ce to ! ,greek to translate z ,r4 ,v4 m>g9#a1 ',he :o is ,god ov] all is 7be7 bless$ = ev]4' ,i h no?+ to add on ! matt] to ,s4 & ,h4 9 loc41 especially p4 #bcf4 #af ,tit4 ii4 #ac4 ,?is is probably ! "r r5d]+4 #ag ,/4 ,matt4 iii4 #i4 #ah ,great /ress 0 laid by ! prophets on ! abs5ce ( any orig9al m]it or p[] 9 ,israel1 :i* caus$ ! div9e election2 see ,ezek4 xvi1 ,deut4 xxvi4 #e4 #ai ,see especially ,amos ix4 #g-aj3 ',are ye n z ! *ildr5 ( ! ,e?iopians unto me1 ,o *ildr5 ( ,israel8 sai? ! ,"l4 ,h n ,i br\ght up ,israel out ( ! l& ( ,egypt1 & ! ,phili/9es f ,caphtor1 & ! ,syrians f ,kir8 ,behold1 ! eyes ( ! ,"l ,god are ^u ! s9ful k+dom1 & ,i w de/roy x f (f ! face ( ! e>?2 sav+ t ,i w n utt]ly de/roy ! h\se ( ,jacob1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,=1 lo1 ,i w comm&1 & ,i w sift ! h\se ( ,israel among all ! nations1 l z corn is sift$ 9 a sieve1 yet %all n ! lea/ gra9 fall ^u ! e>?4 ,all ! s9n]s ( my p %all die by ! sword1 :i* say1 ,! evil %all n ov]take nor prev5t u4' #bj ,g54 xii4 #c2 ,isa4 lxvi4 #ah2 ,ze*4 viii4 #bc1 c4 #ba ,matt4 viii4 #aa1 #ab4 #bb ,9 ,web]'s ,jdis*e ,!ologie 7,leipzig1 #ahig1 =m]ly call$ ,sy/em d] ,altsynagog4 ,pal/94 ,!ol4 or ,die ,lehre des ,talmud71 pp4 #ea ff1 !re are /rik+ illu/rations f ! ,talmud ( ?is fix$ t5d5cy ( ?\ght among ! ,jews4 ,?us '!re exi/s no cle>] pro( ( ! ,talmudic conviction ( ! absolutely holy "* ( ,israel ?an t 9 all ! places ( ,scripture 9 :i* ,israel is reprov$ & has evil attribut$ to x1 ! expression1 ! hat]s ( ,israel1 is sub/itut$ = ,israel4' ',we read3 ,isaiah 0 puni%$1 because he call$ ,israel a p ( unclean lips1' c4 ,cf4 ,s4 & ,h41 p4 #bdi1 & my ,ephesians1 p4 #bfa4 #bc #a ,pet4 iv4 #f4 ',! gospel 0 prea*$ to' ^! 'dead m5 t !y might be judg$ accord+ to m5 9 ! fle%1' i4e4 by p]i%+ 9 ! flood1 'b live accord+ to ,god 9 ! _s1' i4e4 ?r\gh our ,"l's prea*+ 9 ,hades4 ,!re is1 ,i ?9k1 s f>1 no ambiguity ab\t ?is passage4 #bd ,n1 h[ev]1 )\t reg>d to man's w to respond to ! div9e (f]1 see lat]1 p4 #hb ff4 #be ,mal4 i4 #b1 #c4 ',0 n ,esau ,jacob's bro!r8 sai? ! ,"l3 yet ,i lov$ ,jacob2 b ,esau ,i hat$1 & made 8 m\nta9s a desolation1 & gave 8 h]itage to ! jackals ( ! wild]ness4 ,:]eas ,edom sai?1 ,we are beat5 d[n1 b we w return1' c4 ,?is passage 7#a7 pla9ly ref]s to ,esau z mean+ ,edom1 ! p2 7#b7 describes n ! orig9al lot ( ,esau1 :i* 0 second>y inde$1 b highly bless$ 7,g54 xxvii4 #ci1 #dj72 b ! ultimate lot ( ,esau :5 he _h misus$ 8 orig9al end[m5t 9 viol5ce & cruelty4 #ca ,,division ,,iv4 #b4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 #ad-bi4 ,god's lib]ty 9 %[+ m]cy & judgem5t always reta9$ & ass]t$4 ,b ! obvi\s reply ( ! ,jewi% objector to ,/4 ,paul's ass]tion ( ! absolute & app>5tly arbitr>y fre$om ( ,god's election is t x is unfair4 ,x convicts ,god ( unrighte\sness4 ,to ?is objection 7v]4 #ad71 :i* ,/4 ,paul deprecates ) horror1 he replies n by any l>ge consid]ation ( div9e ju/ice1 b /ill by keep+ ! ,jew to 8 own scriptures4 ,! ,god reveal$ 9 scripture mu/ be to ! objector /ill ! j ,god4 ,he _c call ,god unju/ if ,8 me?od z x n[ appe>s is t to :i* ,he call$ att5tion long ago4 ,look back1 !n1 at ! pa/ records4 ,did ,god disclose ,himself z b\nd to %[ m]cy on ,moses ! ,israelite1 or to h>d5 & judicially condemn ,ph>aoh ! ,egyptian8 ,no1 ,he decl>es to ,moses ,8 unre/rict$ fre$om to exhibit ,8 #cb compassion on :om ,he w 7,exod4 xxxiii4 #ai74 ,m5 _c by any *oice or ef=ts ( _! own produce an exhibition ( div9e fav\r su* z 0 %[n to ,moses ! lead] ( ,israel3 ! absolute initiative mu/ come f ,god1 & 9 tak+ t initiative ,he decl>es ,himself absolutely free4 ,9 ! same way ,god implicitly ass]ts ,8 sov]eign fre$om :5 ,he br+s ,ph>aoh out ^u ! /age ( hi/ory z an example ( ! way 9 :i* ,he h>d5s m5's he>ts ) a h>d5+ :i* is ! prelude to ov]?r[1 t m5 all ov] ! _w may see & tremble at ! div9e p[]4 ,x is n because ,ph>aoh is an ,egyptian t he is h>d5$4 ,he is h>d5$1 z ,moses has compassion %[n him1 simply because x is ! w ( ,god s to d 9 8 case4 ,b ! objector comes =w>d aga9 7v]4 #ai73 ',if ?is is ! arbitr>y me?od ( ,god--if we are simply p[]less puppets 9 ! h&s ( an absolute & arbitr>y w1 to be sav$ or be de/roy$--at any rate ,he has no reason to compla9 ( u4 ,if all ! p[] is ,81 s is ! responsibility4' ,n[ ,/4 ,paul has x 9 8 h& to %[ t !re rema9s to man a v real p[] to reta9 8 position1 & consequ5tly a v real responsibility & room = #cc be+ blam$ or prais$3 = if we _c create our vocation1 we c & we are requir$ to correspond ) x 9 a rev]5t & docile fai?2 & x 0 exactly "h t ! ,jews _h fail$1 9 spite ( all _! prophets _h taught !m4 ,b he keeps back ?is answ] a:ile1 because he f9ds ! attitude ( su* an objector t[>d ,god 9 itself s repreh5sible4 ,su* an "o has n giv5 consid]ation to :at ! relation ( man to ,god really is--! creature to ! creator4 ,8 critical1 compla9+ attitude is no?+ bett] ?an fooli%4 ,?us he takes 8 antagoni/ back ^u ! old prophetic metaphor ( ! pott] & 8 clay1 ) :i* ,isaiah & ,j]emiah _h rebuk$ ! arrogance & impati5ce ( m5 long ago3 ',%all ! ?+ fram$ say ( him t fram$ x1 ,he ha? no und]/&+2 & %all ! clay say to him t fa%ione? x1 ,:at make/ ?\#a8' ,he foll[s1 h[ev]1 mo/ closely ^u ! lat] writ] ( ! ,book ( ,wisdom3 ',= a pott]1 knead+ s(t e>?1 labori\sly m\lde? ea* sev]al vessel = our s]vice3 nay1 out ( ! same clay do? fa%ion bo? ! vessels t m9i/] to clean uses1 & ^? ( a contr>y sort4 ,all 9 #cd l mann]2 b :at %all be ! use ( ea* vessel ( ei!r sort1 ! craftsman himself is ! judge#b4' ,! ?\ght 0 (t5 9 ,/4 ,paul's m9d ( ! inequality ( lots 9 ! _w & ! ,*ur*4 ,!re are m & less hon\rable limbs 9 ! body politic3 !re are vessels = hon\rable & vessels = di%on\rable purposes 9 ! great social economy#c4 ,s x is ) ! races ( m54 ,!y are all ( "o blood--( ! "o lump4 ,b "s h high & o!rs l[ vocations1 & ! "r to det]m9e ( :at sort ! lot %all be 9 ea* case lies absolutely ) ! ,div9e ,pott]4 ,x is *ildi% to dispute ,8 title4 ,& n only s3 :5 ! pott]1 :om ,j]emiah 0 ord]$ to obs]ve1 f\nd a vessel he 0 mak+ m>r$ "u 8 h&1 'he made x aga9 ano!r vessel1 z seem$ good to ! pott] to make x#d4' ,accord+ly1 :5 ! *os5 mat]ial 7i4e4 ! ,jews7 w\ld n m\ld to ! high purpose = :i* ! ,pott] 0 fa%ion+ x1 :o %all compla9 if ,he div]t$ x to l[] uses or ?rew x away to de/ruction1 & produc$ out #ce ( ,8 /ores o!r vessels :i* ,he _h already prep>$ & de/9$ = glori\s functions 7t is to say1 ! ,g5tile ,*ri/ians78 ,b ! case is ev5 /rong] ?an ?is4 ,:o inde$ %all compla9 if1 :5 ! vessels orig9ally de/9$ = ! high] uses prove fit = no?+ b de/ruction1 ! ,div9e ,pott]--?\gh will+1 n[ z 9 ! case ( ,ph>aoh1 to let ,8 wra? fall & to manife/ ,8 p[]--yet %[s almo/ unlimit$ =be>ance ) !m 7z 9 fact ,god did ) ! ,jews72 & :5 at la/ ,he does let ,8 wra? fall1 only does s 9 ord] to manife/ anew ! res\rcefulness ( ,8 m]cy#e ^u a new & l>g] ,israel1 ga!r$ n f among ! ,jews only1 b f among all nations1 to be ! object ( ,8 compassionate reg>d8 ,inde$1 ! prophet ,hosea 7ii4 #bc1 i4 #aj7 =esaw ?is *oice ( a yet unrecogniz$ p to be ,god's p4 ,isaiah aga9 7x4 #bb7 anticipat$ no m ?an a remnant surviv+ ( all ! multitudes ( ,israel1 because ( ! %>pness & conclusiv5ess ( ! div9e judgem5t ^u !m4 ,& 7i4 #i7 x is only to ! compassion ( ,god t he attributes _! exemption by means #cf ( ! fai?ful remnant f entire annihilation1 l t ( ! ,cities ( ! ,pla94 ,:at %all we say !n8 ,is !re unrighte\sness ) ,god8 ,god =bid4 ,= he sai? to ,moses1 ,i w h m]cy on :om ,i h m]cy1 & ,i w h compassion on :om ,i h compassion4 ,s !n x is n ( him t wille?1 nor ( him t runne?1 b ( ,god t ha? m]cy4 ,= ! scripture sai? unto ,ph>aoh1 ,= ?is v purpose did ,i raise !e up1 t ,i might %ew 9 !e my p[]1 & t my "n might be publi%$ abroad 9 all ! e>?4 ,s !n he ha? m]cy on :om he w1 & :om he w he h>d5e?4 ,?\ wilt say !n unto me1 ,:y do? he /ill f9d fault8 ,= :o )/&e? 8 w8 ,nay b1 ,o man1 :o art ?\ t replie/ aga9/ ,god8 ,%all ! ?+ =m$ say to him t =m$ x1 ,:y did/ ?\ make me ?us8 ,or ha? n ! pott] a "r ov] ! clay1 f ! same lump to make "o "p a vessel unto hon\r1 & ano!r unto di%on\r8 ,:at if ,god1 will+ to %ew 8 wra?1 & to make 8 p[] kn[n1 endur$ ) mu* longsuff]+ vessels ( wra? fitt$ unto de/ruction3 & t he might make kn[n ! ri*es ( 8 glory ^u vessels ( m]cy1 :i* he a=e prep>$ unto glory1 ev5 u1 :om he also call$1 n f ! ,jews only1 b also f ! ,g5tiles8 ,z he sai? also 9 ,hosea1 ,i w call t my p1 :i* 0 n my p2 ,& h] belov$1 :i* 0 n belov$4 ,& x %all be1 t 9 ! place :]e x 0 said unto !m1 ,ye are n my p1 ,!re %all !y be call$ sons ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,& ,isaiah crie? conc]n+ ,israel1 ,if ! numb] ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel be z ! s& ( ! sea1 x is ! #cg remnant t %all be sav$3 = ! ,"l w execute 8 ^w ^u ! e>?1 f9i%+ x & cutt+ x %ort4 ,&1 z ,isaiah ha? said be=e1 ,except ! ,"l ( ,sabao? _h left u a se$1 ,we _h become z ,sodom1 & _h be5 made l unto ,gomorrah4 ,:at has be5 already said w h be5 en\gh to gu>d aga9/ ! ma9 s\rces ( mi/ake 9 read+ ?is section4 ,/4 ,paul might h mu* to say ab\t ,god's righte\sness 9 g5]al1 & l>ge ways ( v9dicat+ x4 ,b "h he holds fa/ to ! s+le aspect ( righte\sness accord+ to :i* x means t ,god has be5 true to ! orig9al pr9ciples ( ,8 cov5ant4 ,! ,god :o *ose ,abraham & ,moses is ! ,god :o is n[1 & rightly on ,8 own decl>$ pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t1 reject+ ! great] "p ( ! p ( ,abraham & ,moses4 ,?is--fai?fulness to ,8 own decl>$ pr9ciples--is :at ,/4 ,paul "h means by ,8 righte\sness4 ,& z x 0 ,god's decl>$ pr9ciple to reta9 ,8 own lib]ty to %[ m]cy on m5 accord+ to ,8 free w1 inside or outside ! *os5 p1 s on ! o!r h& ,he reta9$ ,8 lib]ty to exhibit ,8 judgem5t ( h>d5+ accord+ to ,8 w inside or outside ! *os5 p4 ,he :o br\ght ,ph>aoh ! ,egyptian ^u ! /age #ch ( hi/ory#f1 z an example ( h>d5+ judgem5t1 is )9 ,8 "r 9 do+ ! same n[ ) 7! mass (7 ! p ( ,8 *oice4 ,! lib]ty ass]t$ = ,god is :olly consi/5t ) ,8 be+ f\nd1 9 fact1 to h 'h>d5$' ^? only :o h des]v$ h>d5+ by _! own wilfulness4 ,x 0 = su* a moral cause t ,god h>d5$ ! he>ts ( ! ,jews1 t 'see+ !y might n see1 & he>+ !y might n he>#g4' ,we c feel no d\bt t "s simil> moral cause und]lay ! h>d5+ ( ,ph>aoh4 ,b ?is is n ,/4 ,paul's pres5t po9t4 ,all 8 argum5t is direct$ to ass]t+ ,god's lib]ty to %[ m]cy or h>d51 irrespectively ( consid]ations ( race1 :5 & :]e ,he 9 ,8 sov]eign moral w *ooses4 ,we %\ld notice t ,/4 ,paul's me?od is "h1 z else:]e1 :at is call$ ideal or ab/ract1 9 ! s5se t he makes ab/raction #ci ( a p>ticul> po9t ( view2 &1 app>5tly indiff]5t to be+ misund]/ood1 sub/antiates 8 argum5t ^u ! p>ticul> aspect :i* he has tak5 ap>t f ! :ole matt] 9 h&1 till x is done )1 & !n o!r po9ts c be tak5 9 _! turn4 ,& he does n1 z a mod]n writ] w\ld d1 pa9fully correlate ! v>i\s aspects ( ! subject#h4 ,by means ( ! fam\s simile ( ! pott] ,/4 ,paul ass]ts two pr9ciples ab\t ,god3 7#a7 t ,god is free1 & condesc5ds to give no acc\nt to ,8 creatures1 9 absolutely det]m9+ ! high or l[ vocations ( m54 ,to "o man or nation ,he gives five tal5ts1 to ano!r two1 to ano!r "o4 ,he makes vessels to hon\rable & vessels to 7comp>atively7 di%on\rable uses4 ,he makes m5 ,jews or ,assyrians1 ,engli%m5 or ,hott5tots1 at ,8 absolute discretion4 7#b7 ,t ,god is absolutely free1 :5 ! human mat]ial :i* ,he is m\ld+ = ,8 purposes proves intractable1 to repudiate & reject :at has1 by its refusal to m\ld1 become a 'vessel ( wra?' fit 'to be tak5 & de/roy$4' ,& x is only by a volunt>y limitation ( ?is fre$om t ,he exhibits long tol]ation ) ! intractable & #dj ob/9ate1 & is longsuff]+ ) !m ev5 :5 ,8 wra? is ready & wait+ to %[ itself4 ,^! are ! two di/9ct po9ts 9 ! simile ( ! pott]4 ,we mu/ di/+ui% c>efully betwe5 ! 'vessels de/9$ = di%on\r'--! 'less hon\rable limbs' ( humanity--& ! 'vessels ( wra?1' or 'vessels fitt$ = de/ruction1' i4e4 ^? :i* h prov$ !mselves unfit = ! vocation to :i* !y 7 de/9$ & h to be reject$4 ,we note t ,/4 ,paul does n say t ,god fitt$ vessels = de/ruction1 b t ,he bore long ) ^? :i* _h s become fitt$4 ,/4 ,paul nev] gives u any real ju/ification--if we look at 8 language c>efully--= ! idea ( any pr$e/9ation to rejection1 z di/9ct f pr$e/9ation to high] or l[] purposes4 ,& ! ,new ,te/am5t is full ( assurances t a pr$e/9ation to a l[ vocation 9 ?is _w may be a pr$e/9ation to high glory 9 et]nity1 if ! humble call+ is fai?fully foll[$4 ,x ought n to be d5i$1 h[ev]1 t 9 all ?is passage ,/4 ,paul's feet1 z he moves along 8 argum5t1 are dogg$ by ! metaphysical difficulty ( f9d+ room = human free-w inside ! univ]sal scope ( ! div9e action & ! presci5ce ( ! div9e wisdom4 ,?is #da is a p]5nial difficulty4 ,b ,/4 ,paul does n t\* x4 ,he does n ev5 t\* ! "q ( :e!r ,god does actually 79 our s5se7 =ekn[ ! f9al de/9y ( e individual1 & h[ he w act on ea* occasion#i2 he does n t\* ! "q h[ or h[ f> human wilfulness c be all[$ to di/urb ! div9e ord]4 ,9 ! ,ph>isaic s*ools he w\ld c]ta9ly h be5 br\ght up1 z ,josephus tells u1 bo? to 'attribute ev]y?+ to fate & ,god1' & also to recognize t x 'lay ) m5 = ! mo/ "p to d "r or wrong'3 to believe t 'ev]y?+ 0 =ese51' & also t 'free-w 0 giv5'2 or1 z ,josephus else:]e puts x 7z if x made no diff]5ce71 to believe 't "s ?+s1 b n all1 are ! "w ( fate1 & o!r ?+s are 9 m5's own p[] & ne$ n happ5#aj4' ,t is to say1 he w\ld h be5 educat$ to believe bo? 9 pr$e/9ation & 9 fre$om1 )\t any #db special attempt to reconcile ! two4 ,we c tell = c]ta9 t ?is inh]it$ belief 0 fur!r moraliz$ 9 ,/4 ,paul's case by 8 enl>g$ view ( ! div9e purpose z work+ ?r\gh high & l[ e/ates alike1 = ! f9al good ( all m52 & by 8 deep5$ p]ception ( ! correspond5ce ) ,god's purpose1 :i*1 9 ! ex]cise ( our fre$om1 is requir$ ( u4 ,b1 s f> z we "k1 ,/4 ,paul left ! /rictly metaphysical "q exactly :]e he f\nd x--z an imp]fectly reconcil$ anti!sis4 ,& !re p]haps we m5 %all always h to leave x1 or at lea/ till we come to "k ev5 z we are kn[n4 ,9 ! quotations f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ) :i* ! section concludes1 we notice t ,/4 ,paul v>ies ! orig9al application ( ! passages f ,hosea4 ,9 ! prophet !y ref] to ! recov]y ( deject$ & di%on\r$ ,israel1 :ile ! apo/le applies !m to ! exaltation ( ! ,g5tiles f _! l[ e/ate4 ,z is (t5 ! case1 :ile o!r passages 9 ! prophets 7 !re to prove exactly :at he want$#aa1 ,/4 ,paul takes ! words :i* come #dc into 8 m9d ) a consid]able latitude ( application1 & )\t any critical argum5t4 ,?us1 if he makes some:at free ) ! p>ticul> texts1 x is 9 ord] to v9dicate ! real tea*+ ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,he has1 if n exact criticism1 :at is mu* bett]1 pr(\nd spiritual insight4 ,! passages quot$ f ,isaiah are *>act]i/ic & c5tral4 ,?is great prophet fir/ cle>ly p]ceiv$ t mo/ /rik+ law ( human hi/ory--t progress comes1 n mo/ly ?r\gh ! majority ( a nation1 b ?r\gh ! fai?ful remnant4 ,x is ! few be/ ?r\gh :om alone ,god c freely "w4 ,x is ! be/ :o 9 ! long run det]m9e ! moral level ( ! nation1 & ei!r keep ! mass ( m5 ar\nd !m f corruption1 or1 if t is impossible1 provide a fre% po9t ( dep>ture & hope 9 a society n[ inevitably1 z a :ole1 ha/5+ to decay & judgem5t4 ',z a t]eb9?1 & z an oak1 ^: /ock rema9e?1 :5 !y are fell$2 s ! holy se$ is ! /ock !re(#ab4' #a ,isa4 xxix4 #af1 xlv4 #i1 lxiv4 #h2 ,j]4 xviii4 #f2 ,ecclus4 xxxiii4 #ac4 #b xv4 #g4 #c #a ,cor4 xii4 #bb-e2 #b ,tim4 ii4 #bj4 #d ,j]4 xviii4 #d4 ,! passage cont9ues ) a /rong ass]tion ( ,god's fre$om to gov]n ! de/9ies ( nations on moral pr9ciples4 #e ,:5 ,moses ask$ to see ,god's glory 7,exod4 xxxiii4 #ah71 :at 0 reveal$ to him 0 ,8 goodness & free m]cy1 & :at ,/4 ,paul "h means by ,god's glory is ,8 m]cy especially4 #f ,9 ! orig9al ! words run1 ',= ?is cause h ,i made !e to /&1' i4e4 probably1 ',i h pres]v$ ?y life "u ! plague ( boils1 & o!r plagues1 9 ord] to make !e an example ( a m conspicu\s judgem5t4' ,b ,/4 ,paul1 dep>t+ f ! ,greek ,bible1 uses a ^w 'rais$ !e up1' :i* 9 ,ph>aoh's case1 or 9 t ( ,cyrus1 means to br+ ^u ! /age ( hi/ory4 ,isa4 xli4 #b2 cf4 ,j]4 #a4 xxvii 9 ! ,greek #da2 ,hab4 i4 #f4 #g ,see ,matt4 xiii4 #ad1 #ae2 ,m>k iv4 #ab2 ,john xii4 #dj4 #h ,cf4 vol4 i4 p4 #ge4 #i ,on ! mean+ ( div9e =ekn[l$ge 9 ,/4 ,paul see vol4 i4 p4 #cag4 #aj ,see ,joseph4 ,antiq4 xiii4 #e1 #i2 xviii4 #a1 #c2 ,bell4 ,jud4 ii4 #h1 #ad4 ,cf4 ,s*r]1 ,jewi% ,p 7,engli% trans471 ,div4 ii4 vol4 ii4 pp4#ad ff42 ,james & ,ryle1 ,ps4 ( ,solomon1 p4 #if4 ,! ,ess5es1 ,josephus says1 believ$ 9 fate1 & n 9 free-w2 ! ,sadducees 9 free-w & n 9 fate2 b ! ,ph>isees 9 bo?4 ,no d\bt ,josephus is import+ ,greek philosophical views into 8 acc\nt ( ,jewi% p>ties1 b sub/antially 8 acc\nt is probably true4 #aa e4g4 ,isa4 xix4 #bd2 ,ezek4 xvi4 #ee4 7,! exaltation into ! fell[%ip ( ! *os5 p ( ,egypt1 ,assyria1 ,sodom1 & ,sam>ia47 #ab ,isa4 vi4 #ac4 #dd ,,division ,,iv4 #c4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 #cj-,x4 #ba4 ,lack ( fai? ! reason ( ,israel's rejection4 ,:at is to be our conclusion !n8 ,t ,g5tiles1 m5 beyond ! pale ( ,god's cov5ant1 :o made no pret5sion ( pursu+ righte\sness1 all at once laid hold on righte\sness & made x _! own1 simply by accept+ 9 fai? ! div9e (f] :i* came _! way2 :ile ,israel1 ! *os5 p1 devot$ to pursu+ a law ( righte\sness1 nev] caught up ) t ( :i* x 0 9 pursuit4 ,! result seems /range en\gh4 ,b ! reason ( x is app>5t4 ,israel#a _h be5 put "u a div9e election1 :i* requir$ ( !m ! op5 e>1 ! responsive w1 ( fai?4 ,b in/ead ( cultivat+ ?is temp] ( fai?1 !y fa/5$ ^u ! specifi$ #de obs]vances ( ! ,mosaic law1 & bl9dly adh]$ to !m1 z if ,god _h no?+ deep] or great] to tea* !m1 & !y _h no?+ deep] or great] to receive4 ,?us1 :5 ! ,*ri/ came1 ) ,8 complet] light & claims1 !y w\ld n h ,him4 ,!y want$ no?+ fur!r1 no?+ m ?an !y 7 accu/om$ to4 ,& ?us ,isaiah's prophecy 0 fulfill$1 t ! ,*ri/1 ! tri$ f\ndation /one1 ! de/9$ security ( all :o %\ld believe 9 ,him1 w\ld turn out to be a /one at :i* ! *os5 p %\ld /umble1 & a rock on :i* x %\ld meet disa/]#b 7ix4 #cj-cc74 ,& "h is ! pa?os ( ! situation4 ,"h is :at puts passion into ,/4 ,paul's desire & 8 pray] = ,israel's entrance into ! great deliv]ance4 ,x is t !y h su* a real zeal = ,god1 ?\gh )\t any spiritual insight to guide x4 ,a real zeal = ,god6 ( t ,/4 ,paul's own exp]i5ce qualifi$ him to te/ify4 ,b 9 :at s5se )\t insight8 ,9 ! s5se t ) ,jesus ( ,naz>e? !re appe>$ a div9e righte\sness1 :i* ,god 0 communicat+ to m5#c2 b ! ,jews1 #df preoccupi$ ) ma9ta9+ a /&>d ( righte\sness :i* !y _h tak5 = _! own--:i* _h become id5tifi$1 t is to say1 ) _! own self-satisfaction & pride ( privilege & indep5d5ce ( int]f]5ce--fail$ to p]ceive ! div9e purpose1 &1 9 fact1 refus$ to submit !mselves to x4 ,= t pr9ciple ( law :i* ! ,jews _h come to reg>d z ,god's f9al ^w1 ,he really int5d$ only z a tempor>y discipl9e to be br\ght to an end by ! com+ ( ! ,*ri/1 & by ! disclosure ( ! real righte\sness :i*1 9 ,*ri/1 ,god %\ld (f] & man %\ld simply accept 9 fai?4 ,law & fai? are 9 %>p & intelligible contra/4 ,"u ! law ( works a man1 z ,moses says#d1 /&s to pres]ve 8 life 7or save 8 s\l7 accord+ z he p]=ms ! specifi$ requirem5ts 7z if man 7 an indep5d5t be+ :o c\ld ?us /& ov] aga9/ ,god on 8 m]its74 ,b fai?1 attribut+ no?+ to itself1 simply accepts ! (f] ( ,god1 ! div9e message ( compassion br\ght ne> to x4 ,moses ( old told ! ,israelites#e t ! comm&m5t 0 n #dg too h>d = !m1 nei!r 0 x f> (f4 ,x 0 n 9 heav51 t !y %\ld say1 :o %all g up = u to heav51 & br+ x unto u1 & make u to he> x1 t we may d x8 ,nei!r 0 x beyond ! sea1 t !y %\ld say1 :o %all g ov] ! sea = u1 & br+ x unto u1 & make u to he> x t we may d x8 ,b ! ^w 0 v nigh unto !m1 9 _! m\? & 9 _! he>t1 t !y might d x4 ,^! words really describe ! "* ( ! ,*ri/ian message ( fai?1 ( :i* ! apo/les are ! h]alds4 ,truly !re is no ne$ = ! believ] 9 ,jesus to seek "s "o to scale heav5 to rea* a remote ,god1 = ,*ri/ is come d[n4 ,or to desc5d into ! abyss to seek a ,*ri/ dead & lo/1 = ,*ri/ is ris54 ,! great deliv]ance is (f]$ to u on v easy t]ms4 ,a man has only op5ly to confess t ! human ,jesus is really ! div9e ,"l1 & he>tily to believe t ,god rais$ ,him f ! dead4 ,let him he>tily accept t message1 & ! fell[%ip 9 ! div9e righte\sness is 84 ,let him publicly confess t cre$1 & ! great salvation is op5 to him4 ,x is ! old tea*+ ( ,isaiah#f--;if a man b believe 79 ! ,*ri/7 !re is no #dh fe> ( 8 be+ put to %ame4 ,& "h ,jews & ,greeks are all on ! same level ( ne$ & opportunity4 ,!re is ov] all ! same ,"l ,*ri/1 ) ! same inexhau/ible good w t[>ds all :o simply call on ,him4 ,aga9 ! old scripture te/ifies t x is e "o :o calls on ! "n ( ! ,"l :o %all be sav$#g4 ,! conditions !n are v simple4 ,to call on ! ,"l1 we may say1 m5 mu/ believe 9 ,him4 ,to h ! opportunity ( believ+ on ,him1 !y mu/ h he>d ab\t ,him4 ,to he> ab\t ,him1 !y ne$ "o to speak 9 ,8 "n4 ,& h[ c m5 speak 9 ! "n ( ,god except z ,8 apo/les1 z m5 commission$ & s5t f ,him8 ,& ^! t]ms we "k well en\gh h all be5 fulfill$4 ,! commission$ h]alds ( ! good tid+s ( ,god h gone =?1 s t all m5 may he> & believe & call out to ,god4 ,truly ,isaiah's vision ( ! welcome prea*] ( good tid+s#h is realiz$ to-day 7x4 #a-ae74 ,n[ we h cle> be=e u ! simplicity ( ! gospel1 ! message to fai?4 ,& we h be=e u ! pla9 fact t ! ,israeliti% p1 preoccupi$ ) _! own tempor>y #di & misund]/ood /&>d ( ! law1 h n g5]ally accept$ x4 ,b ?is is no m ?an ,isaiah l$ u to expect4 ',"l1' he cries1 ':o gave cr$5ce to our message#i8' 7,fai?1 y see1 accord+ to ! prophet1 requires j a li/5+ to a div9e message2 & ?is message has come to m5 by ! prea*+ ab\t ,*ri/47 ,& c x be plead$ t ! ,jews h n _h ! opportunity ( he>+ ! message8 ,no1 truly1 z ! ,psalmi/ says1 ! voice ( ,god's mess5g]s has gone ov] all ! e>?1 & _! words to ! end ( ! inhabit$ _w#aj4 ,or c x be said t ,israel did n "k t a prea*+ to ! ,g5tiles 0 to be look$ =8 ,no1 a succession ( w>n+s _h rea*$ !m4 ,?us ,moses =etold t x %\ld be a nation :i* 7religi\sly speak+7 0 no nation1 a p )\t und]/&+1 t ,god w\ld use to provoke ,8 p to jeal\sy1 & /imulate _! emulation#aa4 ,aga91 ,isaiah uses />tl+ words1 & decl>es t ,god has be5 discov]$ by ^? :o nev] s\ght ,him1 & reveal$ to ^? :o nev] ask$ = ,him#ab--t is ! ,g5tiles4 ,b ! words ( ,isaiah #ej t foll[ describe truly ! relation ( ,god & ,israel4 ,god has t5d]ly & p]si/5tly be5 (f]+ ,8 love to !m1 b !y h prov$ !mselves only rebelli\s & full ( contradiction 7x4 #af-ba74 ,?is1 !n1 is ! pla9 summ>y4 ,israel is reject$ because1 aft] e (f]1 & ) e opportunity1 !y h refus$ ,god's lead+1 refus$ to be docile1 refus$ to believe1 refus$ to obey4 ,:at %all we say !n8 ,t ! ,g5tiles1 :i* foll[$ n aft] righte\sness1 atta9$ to righte\sness1 ev5 ! righte\sness :i* is ( fai?3 b ,israel1 foll[+ aft] a law ( righte\sness1 did n arrive at t law4 ,:]e=e8 ,because !y s\ght x n by fai?1 b z x 7 by works4 ,!y /umbl$ at ! /one ( /umbl+2 ev5 z x is writt51 ,behold1 ,i lay 9 ,zion a /one ( /umbl+ & a rock ( (f5ce3 ,& he t believe? on him %all n be put to %ame4 ,bre?r51 my he>t's desire & my supplication to ,god is = !m1 t !y may be sav$4 ,= ,i be> !m witness t !y h a zeal = ,god1 b n accord+ to k4 ,= be+ ignorant ( ,god's righte\sness1 & seek+ to e/abli% _! own1 !y did n subject !mselves to ! righte\sness ( ,god4 ,= ,*ri/ is ! end ( ! law unto righte\sness to e "o t believe?4 ,= ,moses write? t ! man t doe? ! righte\sness :i* is ( ! law %all live !reby4 ,b ! righte\sness :i* is ( #ea fai? sai? ?us1 ,say n 9 ?y he>t1 ,:o %all asc5d into heav58 7t is1 to br+ ,*ri/ d[n37 or1 ,:o %all desc5d into ! abyss8 7t is1 to br+ ,*ri/ up f ! dead47 ,b :at sai? x8 ,! ^w is nigh !e1 9 ?y m\?1 & 9 ?y he>t3 t is1 ! ^w ( fai?1 :i* we prea*3 because if ?\ %alt confess ) ?y m\? ,jesus z ,"l1 & %alt believe 9 ?y he>t t ,god rais$ him f ! dead1 ?\ %alt be sav$3 = ) ! he>t man believe? unto righte\sness2 & ) ! m\? confession is made unto salvation4 ,= ! scripture sai?1 ,:osoev] believe? on him %all n be put to %ame4 ,= !re is no di/9ction betwe5 ,jew & ,greek3 = ! same ,"l is ,"l ( all1 & is ri* unto all t call ^u him3 =1 ,:osoev] %all call ^u ! "n ( ! ,"l %all be sav$4 ,h[ !n %all !y call on him 9 :om !y h n believ$8 & h[ %all !y believe 9 him :om !y h n he>d8 & h[ %all !y he> )\t a prea*]8 & h[ %all !y prea*1 except !y be s5t8 ev5 z x is writt51 ,h[ beautiful are ! feet ( !m t br+ glad tid+s ( good ?+s6 ,b !y did n all he>k5 to ! glad tid+s4 ,= ,isaiah sai?1 ,"l1 :o ha? believ$ our report8 ,s belief come? ( he>+1 & he>+ by ! ^w ( ,*ri/4 ,b ,i say1 ,did !y n he>8 ,yea1 v]ily1 ,_! s\nd w5t out into all ! e>?1 ,& _! words unto ! ends ( ! _w4 ,b ,i say1 ,did ,israel n "k8 ,fir/ ,moses sai?1 ,i w provoke y to jeal\sy ) t :i* is no nation1 ,) a nation void ( und]/&+ w ,i ang] y4 ,& ,isaiah is v bold1 & sai?1 ,i 0 f\nd ( !m t s\ght me n2 ,i became manife/ unto !m t ask$ n ( me4 #eb ,b z to ,israel he sai?1 ,all ! day long did ,i spread out my h&s unto a disob$i5t & ga9say+ p4 ,9 ?is passage ,/4 ,paul gives u ! o!r side ( ! "q ( ! rejection ( ! ,israelites4 ,god _h reta9$ an absolute fre$om1 n to be que/ion$ by m51 to reject :om ,he will$4 ,t 0 ! fir/ po9t4 ,b c we see :om our ,god wills to reject1 or :y 9 p>ticul> ,he reject$ 7?\gh n f9ally1 z w appe>7 ! *os5 p8 ,x is because !y fail$ 9 fai?4 ,& fai? is precisely t :i* is necess>y to ma9ta9 correspond5ce ) ,god--x is ! faculty ( fell[%ip ) ,him4 ,!y fail$ because ! false pr9ciple ( ju/ification by works _h obscur$ 9 _! m9ds ! ne$ & mean+ ( fai?4 ,! false pr9ciple meant1 z we h already se51 ! ma9ta9+ an accept$ /&>d ( conduct & div9e s]vice1 especially 9 outw>d matt]s1 & = ! re/ claim+ to be left alone4 ,! accept$ /&>d 0 t :i* di/+ui%$ ,israel f ! re/ ( ! _w1 & :at !y _h become accu/om$ to4 ,x 0 a righte\sness ( '_! own4' ,!y prid$ !mselves on x4 ,_! public op9ion requir$ its obs]vance4 ,x _h come to usurp ! place ( any direct #ec relation%ip to ! voice ( ,god4 ,!y _h no idea t ,god c\ld h any?+ m or deep] to require ( !m4 ,!y _h lo/ p]sonal t\* ) ,him4 ,!re=e seek+ to e/abli% ?is1 _! own righte\sness1 !y fail$ to submit !mselves to ! 7n[ newly reveal$7 righte\sness ( ,god 9 ,*ri/4 ,?is unprogressiv5ess ( ! ,jewi% ideal1 ?is sub/itution ( ! accept$ /&>d "u ! law = ! ^w ( ,god1 on ! "p ( ! ,ph>isees1 ! religi\s repres5tatives ( ,israel1 is precisely :at ! pages ( ! ,gospel record4 ,!re=e ! 'corn] /one ( sure f\ndation' = ! div9e build+ became to !m ! /one on :i* !y /umbl$ & fell4 ,& yet t ! law 0 a tempor>y exp$i5t1 & n ! :ole c\nsel ( ,god1 0 ! deepe/ witness ( ! ,old ,te/am5t2 & 9 be+ false to ! fur!r revelation ( ! w ( ,god 9 ,*ri/1 !y 7 false to _! own deepe/ pr9ciples4 ,all ?is gr\nd we h gone ov] already1 & ne$ n trav]se aga9#ac4 ,s also we h already become famili> ) ! simplicity ( ! message ( ,god 9 ,*ri/1 & ! simplicity ( ! fai? :i*1 #ed root$ 9 ! consci\sness ( s9 & ne$1 & equally possible = all m5 :o c %>e ?is consci\sness1 is requir$ to welcome ,god's (f]1 & s be br\ght by ,*ri/ into liv+ union ) ,him4 ,all ?is ,/4 ,paul has already elaborat$1 & is "h only resum+ & recapitulat+ by ! way4 ,b "o or two po9ts 9 ! recapitulation require notice4 #a4 ,/4 ,paul takes ! basis ( 8 /atem5t ( ! pr9ciple ( grace & fai? out ( ! he>t ( ! books ( ,moses--! idea ( ! '^w v nigh !e1' ( ! simple message claim+ only to be simply accept$1 & ( ! 'v pres5t help' ( a graci\s ,god ne$+ only to be welcom$4 ,! fact is t ,/4 ,paul usually idealizes :5 he treats ( '! law ( ,moses'2 z1 = example1 :5 he "h says t ',moses write? t ! man t doe? ! righte\sness 444 %all live !reby1' z if t 0 all t ,moses said4 ,! pr9ciple ( law1 z ,saul ! ,ph>isee _h le>n$ to und]/& x1 is ! dom9ant pr9ciple 9 ! five ,books ( ! ,law1 b n ! only "o4 ',grace1 already exi/+ 9 ! ,jewi% !ocracy1 0 ! fruitful g]m deposit$ "u ! surface1 :i* 0 "o day to bur/ =? & become ! peculi> "* #ee ( ! new cov5ant#ad4' ,! ,god ( ! new cov5ant is ! ,god also ( ! old1 & 0 !re already intimat+ ,8 tru] & deep] "*4 ,to ?is ,/4 ,paul be>s witness by re/+ 8 /atem5t ( ! pr9ciple ( ! new cov5ant ^u ! words ( ! old4 #b4 ,9 ?is passage we h ! g]m ( :at we call ! cre$4 ,! lord%ip ( ,jesus1 9 ! s5se :i* implies ,8 prop] div9ity1 & ,8 resurrection & triumph ov] dea?--0 already matt] ( public confession 9 ! ,*ri/ian *ur*3 to make pr(ession t ',jesus is ,"l' qualifi$ = '! salvation'#ae3 & 9 ?is lay hid all t is ess5tial to ! ,*ri/ian cre$4 ,already !n 9 ! e>lie/ *ur* subjective fai? involv$ a c]ta9 objective & public cre$#af :i* came v soon to be call$ '! fai?4' ,9 ?is passage also1 z 9 xiv4 #i & 9 ,/4 ,pet]'s epi/le1 we recognize1 z an elem5t 9 ! common tradition1 ! belief 9 ! ,desc5t into ,hades 7! abyss74 #c4 ,/4 ,paul incid5tally %[s u 8 #ef in/9ctive feel+ t to be a tru/wor?y ambassador = ,god "o ne$s 'apo/olate4' ',h[ %all !y prea* except !y be s5t8' ,& ?is apo/olate1 z he uses x1 means n only an inw>d s5se ( mission1 b an ext]nal s5d+ by ,*ri/ ,himself2 & 9 pursuance ( ! same pr9ciple1 :5 once ! ,*ur* has be5 e/abli%$1 x w\ld mean a s5d+ by ^? au?oriz$ to s5d 9 ,8 "n4 ,?is is ! root pr9ciple ( ! ,*ri/ian '/ew>d%ip4' ,z ! subapo/olic ,clem5t expresses x1 ',*ri/ 70 s5t7 f ,god1 & ! apo/les f ,*ri/4 ,ea* came 9 due ord] f ! w ( ,god4 ,!re=e1 hav+ receiv$ ! words ( comm&1 & hav+ be5 fully conv9c$ by ! resurrection ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & be5 assur$ 9 ! message ( ,god ) conviction ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 !y came =?1 prea*+ ! gospel t ! k+dom ( ,god 0 to come4 ,!re=e z !y prea*$ 9 c\ntry & t[ns !y e/abli%$ _! fir/-fruits1 :5 !y _h put !m to ! pro(1 to be bi%ops 7i4e4 presbyt]s71 & deacons ( ^? :o 7 to come to ! fai?4' ,& aft]w>ds1 9 view ( disputes ov] ! presbyt]al (fice1 :i* div9e inspiration enabl$ !m to anticipate1 !y made provision = a due succession #eg 9 ! 'episcopate' on ! dea? ( ^? fir/ appo9t$#ag4 #d4 ,/4 ,paul's s+ul>ly free1 b deeply inspir$1 mann] ( apply+ texts f ! ,old ,te/am5t is especially illu/rat$ 9 ?is passage4 ,?us ! passages quot$ f ,isaiah ab\t ! ,/one1 :i* ,/4 ,paul applies to ,*ri/1 ref] orig9ally to ,jehovah simply 9 "o case 7,isa4 viii4 #ad71 & probably to ,8 w & cov5ant z ! f\ndation ( ,israel's polity 9 ! o!r 7,isa4 xxviii4 #af74 ,jewi% tradition _h possibly already ref]r$ !m to ! ,*ri/#ah2 & c]ta9ly our ,"l's use ( ,ps4 cxviii4 #bb--',! /one :i* ! build]s reject$'--z apply+ to ,8 own rejection1 made ! ref]5ce m obvi\s4 ,x is inde$ 9 deepe/ accordance ) ! _s ( ,isaiah3 & ,/4 ,pet] 7#a ,pet] ii4 #f71 we notice1 foll[s ,/4 ,paul 9 ! use ( !m4 ,ano!r passage 7lii4 #g7 ab\t '! feet ( ^? :o prea* good tid+s' is transf]r$1 ) add$ mean+1 f ! h]alds ( ! r$emption f ,babylon1 to ! h]alds ( ! great] r$emption4 ,& ! op5+ ( *apt] lxv1 :i* orig9ally ref]s altoge!r to apo/ate ,israel1 is divid$1 #eh & appli$ 9 "p to ! ,g5tiles1 9 "p to ! ,jews4 7,o!r passages 9 ! prophets1 we %\ld obs]ve1 w\ld ju/ify ! =m] application47 ,aga91 a passage f ,ps4 xix is transf]r$ v beautifully f ! witness ( ! heav5s to ! witness ( ! ,gospel2 z if ,/4 ,paul w\ld say--grace is become z univ]sal z nature4 ,! language ( a passage f ,deut]onomy1 z we h se51 is tak5 f ! law to express ! _s ( ! gospel4 ,! call+ ^u ,jehovah 9 ,joel becomes 9 ,/4 ,paul's quotation ! call+ ^u ,*ri/4 ,all ?is free citation1 uncritical accord+ to our ideas & me?ods1 yet re/s ^u a pr(\ndly "r appreh5sion ( ! mean+ ( ! ,old ,te/am5t z a :ole4 ,! appeal to ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ev5 if n to ! p>ticul> passage1 is ju/ifi$ by ! /ricte/ criticism4 #a ,i h endeav\r$ sometimes 9 ?is analysis to exp& :at ,/4 ,paul means by 'pursu+ righte\sness1' by 'works' & by 'fai?1' 9 accordance ) ! mean+ already assign$ to ^! words2 see vol4 i4 pp4 #g-bd4 #b ,isa4 viii4 #ad2 xxviii4 #af4 ,cf4 ,matt4 xi4 #f4 #c ,see above1 vol4 i4 p4 #ag4 #d ,levit4 xviii4 #e4 #e ,deut4 xxx4 #aa-ad4 ,i h italiciz$ ! words sub/antially reproduc$ by ,/4 ,paul1 b ,i h quot$ ! :ole passage because its :ole mean+ is 9 8 m9d4 #f ,isa4 xxviii4 #af4 #g ,joel ii4 #cb4 #h ,isa4 lii4 #g4 #i ,isa4 liii4 #a4 #aj ,ps4 xix4 #d4 #aa ,deut4 xxxii4 #ba4 #ab ,isa4 lxv4 #a1 #b4 #ac ,see vol4 i4 pp4 #g ff41 #afe f41 #bej ff4 #ad ,godet 9 loc4 #ae ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xii4 #c4 ,! lord%ip ( ,jesus1 we see 9 ?is passage1 means t ,he c h appli$ to ,him ! say+s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t ab\t ! ,"l ,jehovah2 & c be 'call$ ^u' z su* 9 pray] 7,joel ii4 #cb74 #af ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xv4 #a-c4 #ag ,clem1 ad ,cor4 #db1 #dd4 #ah ,see ,s4 & ,h4 9 loc4 #ei ,,division ,,iv4 #d4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 #a-ab4 ,god's judgem5t on ,israel nei!r univ]sal nor f9al4 ,b if ,israel has ?us by h] own fault fall5 f h] high e/ate1 are we !n to suppose t ,god has simply reject$ ,8 own *os5 p8 ,su* a ?\ght _c be ent]ta9$4 ,h[ c\ld x h be5 9 ! m9d ( su* an ,israelite z ,/4 ,paul1 "o :o came ( ,abraham's g5u9e se$1 & ( ! tribe :i* held s fa/ by ,judah8 ,no3 ! p on :om f et]nity ,god's eye re/$1 to m>k !m out = ,himself & = ,8 purposes1 assur$ly _c1 z a p1 h be5 ca/ away#a4 ,:at has happ5$ n[ is only :at is record$ long ago 9 ! hi/ory ( ,elijah4 ,!n1 z n[1 a g5]al unfai?fulness 9 ! bulk ( ! nation conceal$ ! exi/5ce ( a fai?ful remnant4 ,yet ,god _h1 z ,he assur$ ! prophet1 #fj res]v$ = ,himself su* a remnant1 & ( v consid]able numb]s4 ,& n[ also su* a remnant ( true ,israelites exi/s 9 accordance ) ! selective action ( grace--t is to say1 ,god's gratuit\s & unm]it$ good w4 ,yes3 let !re be no mi/ake ab\t x2 _! position is due to no?+ else ?an ! orig9al & cont9u\s action ( ,god's grace2 & grace means ,god's absolutely gratuit\s & unm]it$ good w 7:i* may !re=e come ^u ,g5tiles equally ) ,jews74 ,x excludes ! idea ( ^! remnants ow+ _! position to previ\s m]its1 or ( its be+ 9 any way ,god's response to an antec$5t claim#b4 ,?is !n is :at we h to recognize4 ,:at ,israel 9 bulk s\ght = 7by way ( its suppos$ m]it71 t x did n get1 b a select remnant got x2 & ^u ! re/ !re fell t judicial h>d5+--t rev]sal ( _! true relation to ,god--:i* ,moses & ,isaiah already disc]n$ 9 ! *os5 p#c3 an abid+ #fa /upor1 & deafness1 & bl9dness1 ) reg>d to ,god's purpose & w = !m4 ,david too1 z ,god's righte\s s]vant1 dem&s1 z a div9e requital ^u 8 bitt] & cruel enemies1 t _! v abundance %\ld betray !m into captivity & prove _! /umbl+block2 t _! spiritual vision %\ld be lo/ & _! backs b5t d[nw>d to ! gr\nd4 ,:i* is j :at has happ5$ to ,israel ?r\gh _! rejection ( ! ,son ( ,david4 ,! bulk ( ! p !n has /umbl$4 ,b we mu/ n exagg]ate :at has happ5$4 ,z x is n all ( !m :o h /umbl$1 s also x is n = ev]4 ,_! /umbl+ is n equival5t to a f9al fall4 ,already we c p]ceive h[ x may be rev]s$4 ,! refusal ( ! ,jews to recognize ! ,*ri/ has be5 ! occasion = a turn+ to ! ,g5tiles4 ,?us ! salvation ( ! ,*ri/ has come to !m4 ,& ?is has happ5$ 9 ! div9e provid5ce 9 ord] t1 z ,moses anticipat$1 !y may 9 _! turn provoke ! ,jews to jeal\sy--to a jeal\s det]m9ation n to lose _! old #fb privileges4 ,?us if ev5 ! transgression ( ,israel has prov$ ! occasion = enri*+ ! _w z a :ole1 if ev5 ! defici5cy ( ,israel 7leav+ vacant space1 z x 71 9 ! ,*ur*7 has prov$ ! occasion = enri*+ ! ,g5tiles1 h[ mu* m enri*m5t is to be expect$ :5 ! *os5 p are recov]$ 9 _! full numb]8 ,i say !n1 ,did ,god ca/ (f 8 p8 ,god =bid4 ,= ,i also am an ,israelite1 ( ! se$ ( ,abraham1 ( ! tribe ( ,b5jam94 ,god did n ca/ (f 8 p :i* he =eknew4 ,or wot ye n :at ! scripture sai? ( ,elijah#d8 h[ he pleade? ) ,god aga9/ ,israel1 ,"l1 !y h kill$ ?y prophets1 !y h digg$ d[n ?9e alt>s3 & ,i am left alone1 & !y seek my life4 ,b :at sai? ! answ] ( ,god unto him8 ,i h left = myself sev5 ?\s& m51 :o h n b[$ ! knee to ,baal4 ,ev5 s !n at ?is pres5t "t also !re is a remnant accord+ to ! election ( grace4 ,b if x is by grace1 x is no m ( works3 o!rwise grace is no m grace4 ,:at !n8 ,t :i* ,israel seeke? =1 t he obta9$ n2 b ! election obta9$ x1 & ! re/ 7 h>d5$3 accord+ z x is writt51 ,god gave !m a _s ( /upor1 eyes t !y %\ld n see1 & e>s t !y %\ld n he>1 unto ?is v day4 ,& ,david sai?1 ,let _! table be made a sn>e1 & a trap1 ,& a /umbl+block1 & a recomp5se unto !m3 #fc ,let _! eyes be d>k5$1 t !y may n see1 ,& b[ ?\ d[n _! back alway4 ,i say !n1 ,did !y /umble t !y might fall8 ,god =bid3 b by _! fall salvation is come unto ! ,g5tiles1 = to provoke !m to jeal\sy4 ,n[ if _! fall is ! ri*es ( ! _w1 & _! loss ! ri*es ( ! ,g5tiles2 h[ mu* m _! fulness8 #a4 ,we le>n a little m exactly ab\t ,/4 ,paul's doctr9e ( election 9 ?is *apt]4 ,god's f9al purpose = good is1 z we %all see at ! end ( ! *apt]--& 9 :at s5se we %all h to consid]--^u all m5 :atsoev]4 ,b ?is univ]sal purpose is work$ out ?r\gh special 'elect' in/rum5ts4 ,?us ,god recogniz$#e ,israel be=eh&1 i4e4 9 ,8 et]nal c\nsels1 z ! p to be> ,8 "n 9 ! _w4 ,?is 0 ! selection ( ,israel1 & 0 an act ( :i* ! initiative 0 :olly on ,god's side4 ,x 0 a pure act ( ! div9e fav\r4 ,?is 'selection ( grace' 0 ^u ,israel z a :ole1 b at lat] /ages ( ! hi/ory1 frequ5tly en\gh1 ow+ to ! disob$i5ce & apo/asy ( ! majority1 x is f\nd to re/ 9 an effective s5se only ^u a 'remnant' :om ,god has res]v$ = ,himself1 because !y h n utt]ly refus$ to #fd correspond to ! orig9al & cont9u\s call ( ! div9e grace4 ,= ! re/ _! privileges become ! occasion ( _! fall3 _! light becomes _! d>kness4 ,= judgem5t always & inevitably waits ^u any =m ( misus$ privilege4 ,?us1 :5 ! ,*ri/ came1 only an elect remnant ( ! nation welcom$ ,him4 ,! re/ fell "u judgem5t4 ,b ,god ov]rules ev5 ?is apo/asy4 ,he takes ! opportunity ( ! abs5ce ( ^? :o %\ld h be5 at ! m>riage supp] ( ! k+'s son1 to fill ! great vacancy f ! ,g5tile _w4 ,!y are br\ght )9 ! scope ( ! select+ call4 ,b ,god's orig9al vocation is /ill irrevocably ^u apo/ate ,israel4 ,! new ,g5tile conv]ts are to /imulate !m to recov] _! lo/ privileges4 ,_! wilfulness & ob/9acy is to give place to humility & fai?2 & ,jew & ,g5tile all toge!r are to con/itute ! elect ca?olic *ur*4 ,?is is v simple & *e]ful tea*+4 ,x leaves = u to consid] lat] ! "q :e!r ,god's orig9al & special vocation re/+ ^u ! ,jews is f9ally to con/ra9 !m all to conv]sion1 & :e!r 9 ! same way ,8 ultimate purpose ( salvation = all m5 is to take place infallibly 9 all cases4 ,?is #fe "q is /ill to be consid]$4 ,b at any rate ! doctr9e ( election has lo/ all t gave x a col\r+ ( arbitr>9ess & inju/ice & n>r[ sympa?ies4 ,we ought to notice 9 ! above passage h[ ,/4 ,paul1 9 recall+ ! cont9ual ob/9acy & h>d5+ ( ! majority ( ! *os5 p1 is foll[+ on ! l9es ( ,/4 ,/eph5's spee* 7,acts vii4 #ea74 #b4 ,! imprecatory psalms are1 especially 9 our ,anglican public s]vices1 a great /umbl+block to _m--especially ! #fi? 7"h cit$ by ,/4 ,paul7 & ! #aji?4 ,^! psalms d n repres5t b>ely ! cry ( an individual suff]] invok+ ,god's curse ^u 8 private enemies4 ,! suff]]1 :o is ! psalmi/1 or ) :om at lea/ ! psalmi/ id5tifies himself1 repres5ts afflict$ righte\sness4 ,x is ,god's p1 ,8 's]vant' & 'son' accord+ to ! language ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 t is "u p]secution f ! enemies ( ,god4 ,& he calls ^u ,god to v9dicate ,himself by puni%+ ! adv]s>y2 to let x be se5 t ,8 ^w & promise is tru?4 ',h[ long1 ,o ,god1 holy & true1 do/ ?\ n judge & av5ge8' ,ev5 f ?is po9t ( view1 h[ev]1 :5 ) ! assi/ance #ff ( ! mod]n critics we h 9 ! ma9 purg$ away ! elem5t ( private v9dictiv5ess1 ^! psalms no d\bt rema9 ) ! /amp ( n>r[ness & bitt]ness ^u !m4 ,!y h none ( ! l>g] ,new ,te/am5t s5se t ! wor/ enemies ( ! ,*ur* may be conv]t$ & live3 t our attitude t[>ds all m5 is to wi% !m good1 purely good & n evil1 ev5 ?\gh x be "u ! =m ( judgem5t3 ',rejoice :5 m5 revile y & p]secute y'2 ',bless !m t curse y1 d good to !m t hate y1 pray = !m :i* despitefully use y'2 ',t by y\r good works :i* !y %all behold1 !y may glorify ,god 9 ! day ( visitation4' ,b grant$ ! limitation & bitt]ness /ill rema9+ 9 ^! psalms1 _! citation 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t %[s u :at is = u ! "r use ( !m4 ,!y are by implication tak5 up--:]e we %\ld lea/ expect !m--into ! m\? ( ! ,son ( ,man#f4 ,t is to say1 x is ,8 enemies on :om ! judgem5ts are imprecat$4 ,!re is a wra? ( ! ,lamb4 ,!re is a div9e sword ( judgem5t :i* proce$s out ( ,8 m\?4 ,he1 ! adm9i/rator ( ! righte\sness ( ,god1 #fg expects f ,8 ,fa!r judgem5t on ,8 enemies4 ,x is n necess>ily1 z ,/4 ,paul "h indicates1 f9al judgem5t3 ! judgem5t ^u ! ,jews 0 n yet t2 b judgem5t ( "s sort--temporal or f9al--^u ,8 wilful adv]s>ies1 ! ,son expects ( ! ,fa!r4 ,& we m51 z we repeat ^! psalms1 are1 l ! fir/ ,*ri/ians 9 face ( ! suicide ( ,judas1 to id5tify ourselves ) ! div9e righte\sness & accept ! law ( j retribution4 ,?is is ! deepe/ & true/ s5se 9 :i* we c /ill say ! imprecatory psalms2 & 9 ^! days ( a philan?ropy t (t5 lacks ! /]n sav\r ( righte\sness1 x is v necess>y t we %\ld make ?is s5se our own4 #a ,?ree times--#a ,sam4 xii4 #bb1 ,ps4 xciv4 #ad1 xcv4 #c 79 ! ,greek7--! promise occurs ',! ,"l w n ca/ away ,8 p4' #b ,! vocation & election :i* made ,israel ! *os5 p 7 absolutely ( ,god4 ,:at di/+ui%$ ! fai?ful remnant f ! bulk ( ! nation 0 simply t !y _h n altoge!r fail$ 9 fai?1 s t ! un*ang+ election 0 n 9 _! cases practically susp5d$1 b ,god 'res]v$ !m = ,himself4' #c ,/4 ,paul ref]s *iefly to ,isa4 xxix4 #aj--! description ( a besott$ p ^: prophets are eyes t _c see1 & _! se]s e>s t _c he>2 s t ! ^w ( ,god has become z a seal$ book2 cf4 also ,isa4 vi4 #i4 ,b !re is a simil> passage 9 ,deut4 xxix4 #d1 :i* p>tly m\lds 8 language1 & supplies ! words 'unto ?is day4' #d ,r1 z m>g91 9 ,elijah1 i4e4 ! passage ( ,scripture ab\t ,elijah4 #e ,?is--to recognize or m>k out be=eh&--is ! mean+ ( div9e '=ekn[+' 9 ,/4 ,paul4 ,see vol4 i4 pp4 #cag f4 #f ,bo? 9 ?is passage & 9 ,acts i4 #bj4 #fh ,,division ,,iv4 #ea4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 #ac-cf4 ,god's pres5t purpose = ! ,jews ?r\gh ! ,g5tiles3 & s = all humanity4 ,/4 ,paul w\ld n h x suppos$ t1 9 8 zeal = ! recov]y ( ,israel1 he 0 prov+ fai?less to 8 vocation z ! apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,on ! contr>y1 he expla9s 7assum+ ! ,roman ,*ri/ians to be ,g5tiles 9 ! mass7 t he is1 by ?is v zeal1 fulfill+ t vocation4 ,! conv]sion ( ! ,g5tiles 0 meant to react z a /imulus on ! ,jews4 ,:5 ,/4 ,paul magnifies 8 ,g5tile m9i/ry1 he does s always ) ! motive ( /++ ! jeal\sy ( 8 own p1 & s br++ "s ( !m to salvation4 ,h[ c su* a consummation be too eag]ly desir$8 ,= if ev5 s pitiable an ev5t z _! rejection has yet1 9 ,god's provid5ce1 be5 ov]rul$ = #fi a good end--! br++ back ( ! outside _w into ! fell[%ip ( ,god#b3 c we d\bt t s happy an ev5t z _! recov]y w\ld be inde$ 7:at ,ezekiel saw 9 vision 9 ! valley ( ! dry bones7 a v]itable resurrection8 ,= ! consecration ( ,god is /ill ^u !m4 ,! holy 7i4e4 consecrat$7 p !y /ill rema94 ,z ! 'heave (f]+' ( ! 'fir/ ( ! d\gh'#c consecrates ! :ole lump1 s ! fir/ ( ! nation (f]$ to ,god--,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob--h consecrat$ ! :ole nation4 ,! hol9ess ( ! root ( ,god's olive tree#d has pass$ to ! late/ bran*es4 ,x is q true t "s ( ^! bran*es ( ! ,jewi% olive tree 7 brok5 (f1 & t ! ,g5tiles 7 introduc$ 9 _! place2 l a wild olive graft$ ^u ! root ( a cultivat$ plant1 & s %>+ its ri* sap4 ,b t--to let ! metaphor cont9ue--gives ! wild olive no gr\nd = an insol5t contempt ( ! bran*es :i* naturally belong$ to ! tree4 ,:at advantage x n[ has x :olly d]ives f t :i* x is #gj affect+ to despise4 ,x is ! root t supports x1 n x ! root4 ,& are ! ,g5tiles dispos$ to argue t ^! reject$ ,jewi% bran*es 7 brok5 (f 9 ord] t !y might take _! place2 & t !y1 ! ,g5tiles1 are ?us pla9ly pref]r$ by ,god to ! ,jews8 ,! answ] is pla94 ,:y 7 !y brok5 (f8 ,because !y w\ld n ma9ta9 ! correspond5ce ( fai? ) ! purpose ( ,god2 & x is simply by ma9ta9+ ?is attitude t ! newly introduc$ ,g5tiles c hope to reta9 _! place4 ,!y _h bett] exhibit1 n a gr\ndless pride1 b a reasonable fe>4 ,is ,god likely to be m sp>+ t[>ds !m ?an t[>ds ,8 fir/ *os58 ,god has display$ be=e _! eyes bo? ,8 attributes ( sev]ity & goodness1 & !y mu/ take note ( bo?4 ,at ! pres5t mom5t x is sev]ity t[>ds ,jews1 goodness t[>ds ,g5tiles4 ,yes1 goodness t[>ds ,g5tiles2 b s long only z !y abide fai?fully 9 ,8 goodness1 no long]4 ,:5 !y fail ( fai?fulness1 !y too1 l _! ,jewi% pr$ecessors1 %all be cut (f4 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 :5 ^? ,jews *ange _! attitude1 & _! h>dness melts & fai? returns1 !y %all be recov]$ & re+raft$ into ! old olive tree4 ,if ,god #ga c\ld graft into x bran*es cut out ( an ali5 & inf]ior /ock1 h[ mu* m easily c ,he re+raft into x :at is really "p ( its v self8 ,"h !n we h a real disclosure ( a div9e secret#e1 to :i* ! ,g5tiles w\ld d well to keep _! eyes op51 le/ 7l ! ,jews be=e !m7 !y mi/ake = wisdom _! own self-conceit4 ,! h>d5+ ( ! ,jews has be5 us$ by ,god z an opportunity = ! ga!r+ 9 ( ! full numb] ( ! nations ( ! e>?2 & t ) ! fur!r purpose t1 :5 ! nations are ga!r$ 91 ,israel 9 all its complet5ess %\ld be recov]$ too4 ,& s %all be fulfill$ ,isaiah's prophecy ( a r$eem] f ,zion1 :o %\ld re/ore ,israel1 & ( a new cov5ant ) !m1 bas$ on a fre% =giv5ess ( _! s9s#f4 ,?us if we ?9k ( ! actual relation ( ! ,jews to ! pres5t prea*+ ( ! ,gospel1 we mu/ ?9k ( !m z ,god's enemies1 & z hav+ by _! v enmity secur$ ! ,g5tiles _! opportunity2 b if we ?9k ( !m 9 relation #gb to ,god's et]nal *oice1 !y /ill mu/ appe> z %>+ ! div9e love :i* re/s on ! p ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob4 ,god's gifts & vocation d n admit ( be+ rep5t$ ( & recall$4 ,?us we "k :at to expect4 ,z ! ,g5tiles pass$ out f disob$i5ce "u ! div9e compassion ?r\gh ! opportunity af=d$ by ! disob$i5ce ( ! ,jews2 s n[ ! div9e compassion :i* re/s on ! ,g5tiles is int5d$ 7by /imulat+ ! ,jews to recov] _! lo/ privileges7 to prove ! means ( recov]+ !m too out ( _! disob$i5ce into ! %elt] ( ! div9e compassion :i* is ! common h]itage ( all4 ,we see1 9 fact1 all m5 9 turn %ut up 9 disob$i5ce to ,god1 z 9 a prison h\se3 x is ,god :o has s %ut !m up2 b x is done 9 view ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ compassionate purpose :i* c be ev5 conceiv$4 ,x is done t 7:5 m5 h become we>i$ ( _! own wilfulness1 & h exp]i5c$ _! own ne$7 ! div9e m]cy may welcome & embrace all alike at la/4 ,& if ?is is ! purpose ( ,god disclos$ to u1 h[ c we fail to adore ! fa?omless res\rcefulness ( ,8 wisdom 9 det]m9+ h[ to act1 & ,8 skill 9 execut+ :at ,he #gc has det]m9$8 ,h[ c we fail to recognize our utt] incompet5ce to explore ,8 judgem5t1 or track out ,8 ways8 ,l inspir$ m5 ( old#g we mu/ recognize t ! absolute initiative is ,81 & our only reasonable attitude ! humble/ correspond5ce4 ,truly 9 c\nsel & op]ation we h contribut$ to ,god no?+ ( our own3 we h no claim ) :i* to approa* ,him4 ,he is ! unique s\rce ( :atev] is1 & ! sole executor ( :atev] takes place1 & ! only end to :i* all ?+s t5d3 & to ,him1 !re=e1 alone all praise is due1 & %all be giv54 ,b ,i speak to y t are ,g5tiles4 ,inasmu* !n z ,i am an apo/le ( ,g5tiles1 ,i glorify my m9i/ry3 if by any means ,i may provoke to jeal\sy !m t are my fle%1 & may save "s ( !m4 ,= if ! ca/+ away ( !m is ! reconcil+ ( ! _w1 :at %all ! receiv+ ( !m be1 b life f ! dead8 ,& if ! fir/fruit is holy1 s is ! lump3 & if ! root is holy1 s are ! bran*es4 ,b if "s ( ! bran*es 7 brok5 (f1 & ?\1 be+ a wild olive1 wa/ graft$ 9 among !m1 & did/ become p>tak] ) !m ( ! root ( ! fatness ( ! olive tree2 glory n ov] ! bran*es3 b if ?\ glorie/1 x is n ?\ t be>e/ ! root1 b ! root !e4 ,?\ wilt say !n1 ,bran*es 7 brok5 (f1 t ,i might be graft$ 94 ,well2 by _! unbelief !y 7 brok5 (f1 & ?\ /&e/ by ?y fai?4 ,be n highm9d$1 b fe>3 = #gd if ,god sp>$ n ! natural bran*es1 nei!r w he sp>e !e4 ,behold !n ! goodness & sev]ity ( ,god3 t[>d !m t fell1 sev]ity2 b t[>d !e1 ,god's goodness1 if ?\ cont9ue 9 8 goodness3 o!rwise ?\ also %alt be cut (f4 ,& !y also1 if !y cont9ue n 9 _! unbelief1 %all be graft$ 93 = ,god is able to graft !m 9 aga94 ,= if ?\ wa/ cut out ( t :i* is by nature a wild olive tree1 & wa/ graft$ contr>y to nature into a good olive tree3 h[ mu* m %all ^!1 :i* are ! natural bran*es1 be graft$ into _! own olive tree8 ,= ,i w\ld n1 bre?r51 h y ignorant ( ?is my/]y1 le/ ye be wise 9 y\r own conceits1 t a h>d5+ 9 "p ha? befall5 ,israel1 until ! fulness ( ! ,g5tiles be come 92 & s all ,israel %all be sav$1 ev5 z x is writt51 ,!re %all come out ( ,zion ! ,deliv]]2 ,he %all turn away ungodl9ess f ,jacob3 ,& ?is is my cov5ant unto !m1 ,:5 ,i %all take away _! s9s4 ,z t\*+ ! gospel1 !y are enemies = y\r sake3 b z t\*+ ! election1 !y are belov$ = ! fa!rs' sake4 ,= ! gifts & ! call+ ( ,god are )\t rep5tance4 ,= z ye 9 "t pa/ 7 disob$i5t to ,god1 b n[ h obta9$ m]cy by _! disob$i5ce1 ev5 s h ^! also n[ be5 disob$i5t1 t by ! m]cy %ewn to y !y also may n[ obta9 m]cy4 ,= ,god ha? %ut up all unto disob$i5ce1 t he might h m]cy ^u all4 ,o ! dep? ( ! ri*es bo? ( ! wisdom & ! k ( ,god6 h[ unse>*able are 8 judgem5ts1 & 8 ways pa/ trac+ out6 ,= :o ha? kn[n ! m9d ( ! ,"l8 or :o ha? be5 8 c\nsellor8 or :o ha? fir/ giv5 to him1 & x %all be recomp5s$ #ge unto him aga98 ,= ( him1 & ?r\gh him1 & unto him1 are all ?+s4 ,to him be ! glory = ev]4 ,am54 #a4 ,!re is a true patriotism :i* mu/ at times be cont5t to we> ! guise ( disloyalty2 & n ev5 ,j]emiah 'weak5+ ! h&s ( ! m5 ( w>#h' 9 ! conflict ) ! p[] ( ,babylon1 :ile all ! "t 8 v he>t 0 ble$+ = ,j]usalem1 pres5ts a m pa!tic & mov+ picture ( su* patriotism ?an does ,/4 ,paul z he "h %[s himself to u4 ,:ile he 0 %ak+ (f ! du/ ( 8 feet1 z he left ! synagogues to turn to ! ,g5tiles1 :ile he 0 ?r[+ all 8 trem5d\s en]gy into ! apo/olate ( ! nations1 & v9dicat+ _! cause1 ev5 to fi]c5ess1 aga9/ ! n>r[ness ( 8 own nation1 all ! "t ! ?\ght :i* buoy$ him up 0 t :5 ! ca?olic *ur* _h become an e/abli%$ fact--:5 x %\ld h become pla91 ev5 to ,jewi% eyes1 t ! elect p ( ,god is n[ a frat]nity ( all nations1 & n _! own race only--!n x c\ld n fail to happ51 t ! memb]s ( ! anci5t p1 f9d+ !mselves 9 _! turn 'ali5at$1' '/rang]s1' & 'f> (f1' :ile #gf !y knew s well1 & ne$$ s deeply1 ! fell[%ip ( ! cov5ant1 %\ld be /imulat$ to resume _! =m] privileges4 ,surely !n at la/ ,israel '%\ld rememb] h] way & be a%am$1' & 'receive' h] ,g5tile 'si/]s1' ?\gh !y _h be5 to h] z ',sodom & ,sam>ia1' & ?\gh !y 7 n[ giv5 to h] = 'daught]s1 b n by h] cov5ant'--n by any means on h] own t]ms#i4 ,all ! "t t ,/4 ,paul is fight+ ,judaism & v9dicat+ ,ca?olicism1 lay+ d[n ! l9es ( ! great *ur* ( ! nations1 ?is is ! vision t *e]s him--an ,israel1 p5it5t1 humbl$1 wor%ipp+ ! ,*ri/ :om %e _h crucifi$1 & !re=e welcom$ back aga9 ) ! hon\r due to h] great memories & h] inext+ui%able vocation4 ,b we notice by ! way1 z ?r[+ an unmi/akable light on ! circum/ances ( ,roman ,*ri/ianity1 t :ile ,/4 ,paul ?us %[s 8 own ,jewi% feel+1 he speaks to ! ,roman ,*ri/ian z 9 ! mass ,g5tile#aj4 #b4 ,if s mis]able an ev5t1 "o s revolt+ to ! div9e he>t1 z ! apo/asy ( ,israel1 _h yet 9 ! det]m9ate c\nsel & =ekn[l$ge ( ,god be5 ov]rul$ s z to #gg become ! occasion = ! call+ ( ! ,g5tiles1 x mu/ ne$s be1 ,/4 ,paul argues1 t an ev5t s de> to ! he>t ( ,god z ! recov]y ( ,israel1 w\ld h a result ev5 m bless$1 no?+ less ?an 'life f ! dead4' ,:at does ?is la/ expression mean8 ,does ,/4 ,paul mean t :5 once ! *os5 p 0 recov]$ into a really ca?olic *ur*1 !re w\ld be no fur!r delay--! consummation w\ld be rea*$1 ! resurrection ( ! dead :i* is to accompany ! 7second7 com+ ( ! ,*ri/ w\ld take place at once8 ,?is ?\ght w\ld be v natural to ,/4 ,paul1 & ?or\ghly agreeable to ! old ,messianic expectation2 & x w\ld give1 z no?+ else gives s well1 ! ne$$ climax to ! s5t5ce4 ,moreov] x _c be said t ! idea ( ! resurrection 0 n intimately associat$ among ,*ri/ians ) ! return ( ! ,*ri/ 9 glory4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 n[h]e else does ,/4 ,paul speak ( '! resurrection' s absolutely & )\t explanation z ! goal ( all ?+s2 &1 if he _h meant s to speak ( x "h1 he w\ld surely h said '! resurrection1' & n us$ ! vagu] expression 'life f ! dead4' ,z he has us$ ?is we mu/ int]pret x 9 t]ms #gh ( ,ezekiel's vision#aa3 ! recov]y ( ,israel w be no?+ less ?an a case ( dead m5 com+ to life aga91 ( dry bones revivifi$4 ,! only drawback to ?is int]pretation is--:at ne$ n tr\ble u mu*--! failure ( rhetorical climax4 ,?is revival ( dead ,israel is h>dly a great] ?+ ?an ! reconciliation ( an ali5at$ _w4 ,&1 ?\gh x w\ld improve ! rhetorical climax to int]pret ! phrase z mean+ t ! :ole ca?olic *ur* w\ld h new life put into x by ,israel's recov]y1 & ?\gh we %\ld expect ?is idea to prove true1 yet ,i d n ?9k x is natural to introduce x "h4 #c4 ,/4 ,paul's language--'belov$ = ! fa!rs' sake1' 'if ! root be holy1 s are ! bran*es'--comes v close to ! curr5t ,jewi% language ab\t '! m]its ( ! fa!rs1' & yet is deeply di/+ui%$ f x4 ,! ,jews z repres5t$ 9 ! ,talmud--& ! belief goes back to ,/4 ,paul's "t#ab--;believ$ t no pray] 0 s effective z t :i* 0 (f]$ 9 ! "n ( '! fa!rs4' ,?us3 ',h[ _m pray]s did ,elijah speak on ,m\nt ,c>mel t fire might fall f heav51 & he 0 n he>d2 b :5 he m5tion$ #gi ! "n ( ! dead1 & call$ ,jehovah ! ,god ( ,abraham1 ,isaac & ,jacob1 !n at once he 0 he>d4 ,s 0 x 9 ! case ( ,moses4 ,:5 ! ,israelites _h accompli%$ t bad "w1 ,moses /ood up & spoke = _! ju/ification =ty days & =ty nights1 & 0 n he>d4 ,b :5 he m5tion$ ! dead1 he 0 at once he>d4444 ,!re=e z ! liv+ v9e supports itself on a dead /ock 7i4e4 gr[s out ( a /ock dry & seem+ly dead71 s ,israel lives & supports itself on ! fa!rs s9ce !y are dead#ac4' ,! individual ,israelite1 moreov]1 c\ld supply 8 own defici5cies 9 righte\sness out ( ! treasury ( m]its :i* belong$ to him 9 virtue ( 8 desc5t f ! common fa!rs ( ! race1 or ! holy prog5itors ( 8 own family4 ,9 o!r words ! ,israelites 9 v>i\s ways & s5ses dep5d$ = salvation on hav+ ',abraham to _! fa!r4' ,& x has already appe>$ suffici5tly h[ dang]\s ?is belief 02 & h[ utt]ly ,/4 ,paul1 l ,ezekiel#ad & ,john #hj ! ,bapti/ be=e him1 repudiat$ ?is idea ( g5ealogical & traditional m]it z a gr\nd ( confid5ce be=e ,god4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ?is belief 9 ! transf]5ce ( m]it 0 bas$ on a true idea ( ! organic unity ( ! race4 ,! ,jewi% race 0 b\nd up into "o ) its great prog5itors2 & x is ^! m5 :o are its true repres5tatives4 ,!y %[ :at _! race c be & is meant to be1 & along :at l9es x is meant to move4 ,_! election & walk ) ,god laid a consecration on all :o came aft] !m2 z ,/4 ,paul else:]e says t ! *ildr5 ( a ,*ri/ian p>5t 9 a mix$ m>riage are holy1 i4e4 h a consecration laid ^u !m by _! p>tly ,*ri/ian p>5tage#ae4 ,! patri>*s exhibit ,israel z ,god means x to be4 ,& ,god1 s to speak1 _c =get t e ,israelite is a *ild ( ,abraham & ,isaac & ,jacob1 & t 9 _! fai? & religion lies 8 possibility & 8 glory4 ,?us /at$1 ! idea ( ! 'communion ( sa9ts' 9 ! ,jewi% race is no?+ else ?an a gr\nd ( hope1 & a /imulus to recov]y4 ,& ! idea admits at once ( be+ transf]r$ to ! ca?olic ,israel1 z 9 fact its ,jewi% #ha p>ody has1 at c]ta9 p]iods1 be5 only too fully & fatally transf]r$4 ,i say1 ! true idea admits ( be+ transf]r$4 ,we belong to ! same body z ! apo/les & m>tyrs1 ! virg9s & sa9ts1 ! ,jewi% patri>*s & prophets also4 ,_! possibilities are ours4 ,_! ,god is our ,god = ev] & ev]4 ,& ,god looks on u z 9 "o body ) !m4 ,we too are belov$ = ^! our fa!rs' sakes4 ,& !y too1 we _c d\bt1 are consci\s ( our fell[%ip ) !m1 & if we are try+ to live 9 ! same _s ) !m1 we mu/ believe1 all ! limitations ( our k not)/&+1 t !y are support+ & help+ u1 z 9 ,*ri/ our sympa!tic advocates & allies4 #d4 ,! metaphor ( ! olive & ! graft+ is intelligible en\gh )\t explanation4 ,we "k h[ (t5 ! olive & ! v9e are tak5 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t & 9 o!r ,jewi% writ+s--z 9 ! passage j quot$ f ! ,talmud--= a symbol ( ,israel2 we mu/ frankly recognize t ,/4 ,paul1 app>5tly 9 =getfulness & n by design1 accommodates ! physical process ( graft+ to its spiritual c\nt]p>t2 = 9 physical fact1 ( c\rse1 ! +raft$ %oot 7:i* repres5ts ! ,g5tiles71 #hb & n ! /ock ^u :i* x is graft$ 7:i* repres5ts ! ,jews71 w\ld det]m9e ! "* & produce ( ! tree3 b :5 ?is is once recogniz$ x may be =gott51 & ! metaphor is z intelligible to u z if ! physical process ( graft+ 7 really z ,/4 ,paul repres5ts x4 #e4 ,z we read ! words1 ',& s all ,israel %all be sav$1' we _c help ask+ ourselves--,does ,/4 ,paul mean u to believe ?is ( all ,israelites )\t exception1 or ev5 ( ,israel 9 g5]al ) an absolute necessity8 ,i ?9k ! answ] %\ld be a negative 9 bo? cases#af4 ,j above ,/4 ,paul says1 look+ at ! matt] f ! side ( ,israel1 ',!y also1 if !y cont9ue n 9 unbelief1 %all be graft$ 94' ,"h he is look+ at ! matt] f ! side ( ,god4 ,x lies 9 ! div9e purpose t ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ca?olic *ur*1 & ! exp]i5ce ( ali5ation on ! "p ( ! ,jews1 %\ld /imulate !m to rega9 _! anci5t privileges on a new basis2 '& s1' look+ at ! matt] f ! po9t ( view ( ! div9e int5tion1 'all ,israel %all be sav$4' ,j bel[1 f ! same po9t ( view1 x is /at$ to be ,god's purpose #hc 'to h m]cy ^u all m54' ,b1 9 int]pret+ ?is latt] passage1 we are do+ viol5ce to :at ,/4 ,paul says else:]e ) emphatic di/9ctness1 if we imag9e t he ass]ts t all individual m5 )\t exception %all ultimately atta9 ! end ( _! be+ & ! fell[%ip ( ,god4 ,9 ^! passages1 z else:]e1 ,/4 ,paul looks at ?+s f two po9ts ( view1 )\t attempt+ to pres5t u ) a h>mony ( !m4 ,f "o po9t ( view we h spread out be=e u ! 'my/]y1' or reveal$ secret ( ,god1 & disc]n ! purpose ( ,8 love work+ on1 & f9d+ its opportunities ev5 9 ! grave/ moral disa/]s4 ,f ! o!r po9t ( view we detect human wilfulness1 able 9 a measure1 b nev] completely or on ! :ole1 to baffle & ?w>t ! div9e purpose4 ,/4 ,paul1 ,i say1 is cont5t to recognize bo? po9ts ( view1 & n to hold !m 9 complete comb9ation4 ,he uses ! p]ception ( ! div9e purpose--9 ?is case1 ! recov]y ( ! ,jews--z a motive = hope & ?ankfulness & r5ew$ en]gy2 b he does n1 app>5tly1 ask himself ! metaphysical que/ions :e!r ,god =ekn[s h[ p>ticul> individuals or gr\ps ( m5 w act1 or1 if we mu/ say t ,god does s =ekn[ h[ ea* #hd man w act1 h[ ?is is reconcilable ) 8 moral fre$om4 ,he is cont5t to adore ! div9e purpose1 & re/ ^u x2 & recognize1 on ! o!r h&1 ! ?w>t+ p[] ( human wilfulness4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( ,god's pati5tly lov+ purpose1 !n1 a great & fre% opportunity is be+ prep>$ = ! recov]y ( ! :ole ( ,israel1 :5 '! times ( ! ,g5tiles' are fulfill$ & ! ,*ur* /&s really ca?olic be=e _! eyes4 ,j 9 ! same way1 9 ! l>g] field ( all mank9d1 ! purpose ( ,god is at "w ?r\gh all rejections1 & all judgem5ts ( h>d5+1 to conv9ce all m5 ( _! ne$ ( ,god1 & s prep>e _! he>ts 't he might h m]cy ^u all4' ,b f ! o!r po9t ( view ,god respects human fre$om4 ,?us ov] aga9/ ! div9e purpose /&s ! ambigu\s human 'if'--'if !y cont9ue n 9 _! unbelief4' ,?is ambigu\s human elem5t is a prom95t feature 9 ,old ,te/am5t prophecy1 ?\gh !re too ! ?w>t+ p[] ( man's p]v]s5ess is limit$4 ,if n 9 "o way !n 9 ano!r1 if n ?r\gh "o set ( ag5ts !n ?r\gh o!rs--on ! :ole ! purpose ( ,god f9ds its sure way to accompli%m5t4 #he 99 99 99 99 99 ,retrospect ov] ! argum5t ,& n[ t we h giv5 all ! pa9s we c to ent]+ into ! _s ( ^! *apt]s1 may we n say t !y h become no long] repell5t b deeply attractive8 ,:]e c\ld we f9d a m lib]at+ outlook ov] ! wide purpose ( ,god 9 r$eem+ ! _w8 ,s9 is a /]n fact1 & dem&s /]n deal+ to ov]come x by moral discipl9e4 ,m5 ( all sorts mu/ be br\ght to realize _! ne$ ( ,god1 utt]ly to expel ! false dream ( indep5d5ce1 & humbly to welcome ! unm]it$ b\nty ( ! div9e 'm]cy1' ! free gift ( p>don & new life4 ,?is !n is ! way 9 :i* ! fundam5tal purpose ( ,god = man %[s itself 9 a _w ( s92 x is by a discipl9e prep>+ m5 to welcome a div9e m]cy ( :i* !y h le>nt to "k _! ne$4 ',t he may h m]cy ^u all'--?is is ! g5]\s end ^u :i* all ! div9e deal+s ) m5 conv]ge4 ,! ,jews by "o k9d ( discipl9e :ile !y /ill 7 /&+ toge!r z ! elect p ( ,god1 & by ano!r :51 hav+ reject$ ! ,*ri/ & fall5 out ( _! religi\s lead]%ip1 !y 7 to be /irr$ to #hf jeal\sy by ! spectacle ( a div9e fell[%ip f :i* !y 7 exclud$3 ! ,g5tiles by a diff]5t sort ( discipl9e1 & ea* sep>ate race by its own2 nay m1 e individual1 ,jew & ,greek1 ,engli%man or ,h9doo1 by a di/9ctive p]sonal *a/5+1 9 z _m ways z man is v>i\s & ,god is res\rceful3 all m5 are s to be dealt ) z t all m5 %all be br\ght to confess !mselves to be z !y are 9 ,god's sight1 & surr5d] !mselves to ,him to be refa%ion$ aft] ! div9e image4 ,?r\gh all national & p]sonal vocations realiz$1 by :i* human "* is educat$3 ?r\gh all national & p]sonal humiliations1 :i* are div9e judgem5ts by :i* human "* is correct$ & made docile3 ,god's untir+ pati5ce & =be>ance1 9 /]nness & 9 love1 works on to ! "o univ]sal end--t ,he might h m]cy ^u all4 ,! utt]mo/ & mo/ pitiable collapse1 ev5 ! imm95ce ( dea? itself1 may be1 nay c]ta9ly 9 ,god's int5tion is1 ,8 rem$y = human wilfulness3 a means by :i*-- ',god unmakes b to remake ! s\l ,he else made fir/ 9 va91 :i* mu/ n be#ag4' #hg --mu/ n be1 t is1 s f> z ! res\rcefulness ( div9e love1 go+ all l5g?s %ort ( de/roy+ ! fundam5tal moral *oice ( ! s\l1 c avail to prev5t x4 ,?is tea*+ ( ,/4 ,paul sugge/s a wond]ful way ( read+ human hi/ory1 & inspires u ) ! "r sort ( pati5ce & hopefulness 9 our attitude t[>ds ! wid] problems ( mission>y "w & our own deal+s ) individuals4 ,! races to ^: conv]sion we w\ld fa9 m9i/] seem s immovable & s indiff]5t4 ,! m5 & wom5 :om we w\ld fa9 help seem s h>d5$ or s weak4 ,b '! gifts & call+s ( ,god' )9 !m & ab\t !m1 'are )\t rep5tance4' ,god's rem$ies = !m are n yet exhau/$4 ,we !re=e h a "r to hope & lab\r on1 'nev] despair+#ah4' ,& :]e is a nobl] pres5tation to be f\nd ?an "h ( ! idea ( div9e election8 ,t 9 ! great h\sehold ( ! _w !re are magnific5t & 7comp>atively1 at lea/7 ignom9i\s vocations among races & individuals2 #hh t "s m5 are born = ! top1 & o!r m5 = ! bottom ( society2 t !re are 'hon\rable' & 'di%on\rable' limbs 9 ! body ( humanity1 ! latt] fulfill+ _! necess>y function no less ?an ! =m]1 is an indisputable fact4 ,x is no use *all5g+ x1 any m ?an any o!r fundam5tal law ( ! univ]se4 ,&1 if we c see :y c]ta9 races & c]ta9 individuals are fitt$ = c]ta9 tasks1 yet on ! :ole we c advance b a v little way 9 see+ ! reason ( human inequalities z 9 fact !y exi/4 ,all t lies 9 ! inscrutable & free c\nsels ( ,god1 & ! responsibility is--9 spite ( ! modify+ effects ( human s9--ultimately ,8#ai4 ,b 9 ,/4 ,paul's treatm5t ( x1 ! recognition ( ! fact t ,god works univ]sal ends ?r\gh select$ races & individuals1 is robb$ ( all t m9i/]s to pride & n>r[ness 9 ! elect1 or to hopelessness & a s5se ( inju/ice 9 ! re/4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t writ]s 9 g5]al w\ld tea* u t ) ,god is no respect ( p]sons2 #hi s t ! l[e/ vocation may result 9 ! highe/ glory1 :]e x is fai?fully fulfill$1 & ! highe/ vocation1 misus$1 9 ! deepe/ degradation2 b ,/4 ,paul 9 p>ticul> makes u feel ! humbl+ responsibility :i* atta*es necess>ily to any /ate ( election4 ,! ,jews fail$ because !y lack$ ! fai? & docility :i* w\ld h enabl$ !m to correspond to ,god's l>g] lead+4 ,! "t came :5 ,god :o _h1 '?r\gh ! ,jews1 prep>$ ! ,*ri/ = ! _w1' _h also1 '?r\gh ! ,g5tiles1 prep>$ ! _w = ,*ri/'2 b ! ,jews 7 ready nei!r to welcome ! ,*ri/1 nor to 'receive' ! _w4 ,?us ! ri*e/ m9i/ry ev] v\*saf$ to a race 0 wait+ = ! ,jews1 & !y prov$ false to x1 because !y _h turn$ _! privileges into an occasion = pride & selfi%ness1 & w\ld n le>n ! new tru? or rise to ! new opportunity4 ,"h is a s]i\s w>n+ to ! 'elect' ( e age4 ,h[ (t5 has ! *ur* at l>ge1 or a national *ur*1 refus$ ! call to expansion1 & lo/ "s ri* "p ( its h]itage because x 0 self-satisfi$1 & !re=e bl9d8 ,h[ (t5 does a 'good ca?olic' fail to recognize t he is utt]ly misus+ ! gifts ( grace1 #ij if 8 ,ca?olicism does n mean a g5]\s & self-sacrific+ desire to w9 ! lo/ & save ! _w8 ,h[ (t5 has ! pr(ession ( be+ 'sav$' put an end to spiritual gr[? & ! /ruggle ) s98 ,h[ _m religi\s ord]s & societies h liv$ on ! reputation ( ! pa/1 & appe>$ to fancy t ! a*ievem5ts ( _! f\nd]s--'! m]its ( ! fa!rs'--w\ld ju/ify ! apa?y & c>elessness ( ^? :o _h inh]it$ an hon\rable "n8 ,inde$1 to :atev] we are elect--:e!r national1 or ecclesia/ical1 or p]sonal privileges--! temptation dogs u to re/ on our inh]it$ m]its & h no op5 e> to ! guid+ voice ( ,god1 z x calls u to fre% v5tures & r5ew$ sacrifices1 l ^? :i* laid ! basis ( ! position ( :i* we n[ make our empty or insol5t boa/4 ,b ?us to evade ! uncom=table requirem5ts ( ! pres5t by an appeal to ! a*ievem5ts ( ! pa/--:e!r x be ! pa/ ( ca?olic tradition or '! ,re=mation settlem5t'--is to expose ourselves inevitably to div9e condemnation4 ,^? :o keep ! op5 e> are ! 'remnant' 9 e age & *ur* & nation4 ,!y are ! m5 :o refuse to 'make ! ^w ( ,god #ia ( none effect1' because ( ! bl9d+1 dead5+ =ce ( social tradition4 ,!y are alive & awake to 'buy up ! opportunity1' z x pres5ts itself4 ,& = su* ,/4 ,paul's tea*+1 inh]it$ f ! prophets1 ( ! function ( ! remnant is full ( enc\ragem5t4 ,! ,bible is a book contemptu\s ( majorities4 ,! mass ( m51 conv5tional1 easily satisfi$1 self-c5tr$1 accompli% no?+1 r$eem & reg5]ate no?+4 ,b ^? :o h e>s to he> h e motive1 ?\gh !y be few 9 numb]1 to live at ! highe/ level possible1 & believe to ! full t ! purpose ( ,god c be realiz$4 ,god's purpose c "w1 & has 9 hi/ory work$1 ?r\gh small m9orities1 ?r\gh s+le individuals4 ,!y are ! true repres5tatives ( _! *ur*1 _! nation1 _! class4 ,& :5 ! inn] hi/ory ( any epo* comes to be kn[n1 :ile ! in]t mass ( p1 'important' or 'unimportant1' is lo/ 9 ! dim backgr\nd1 !y w be se5 di/9ctive 9 ! =egr\nd3 ! real movem5t ( ,god 9 hi/ory1 ! real witness ( ! tru?1 ! real spiritual succession ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 w be se5 to h be5 c>ri$ on ?r\gh !m = ! enri*+ ( ! :ole _w4 ,i w\ld add two reflections on subord9ate1 #ib b /ill important po9ts4 ,x is ! function ( ! ca?olic *ur* to let its light s %9e be=e m5 t x %all 'provoke to jeal\sy1' by ! manife/ pres5ce ( ,god 9 ! mid/ ( x1 ! anci5t & n[ ali5at$ p1 ! ,jews4 ,at ! mom5t1 ) ! anti-semite cry /rong ?r\gh\t ,europe1 & on ! morr[ ( ! 'affaire ,dreyfus1' ^! words r+ ) a bitt] irony4 ,& 9 our own ,ea/ ,london h[ utt]ly unlikely x is t ! spectacle ( our ,*ri/ianity %\ld make ! ,jews feel t ,*ri/ian society _c b be div9e6 ,inde$1 ! unfulfill$ debt ,*ri/5dom owes to ! ,jews is appall+4 ,t anci5t & indomitable race reta9s1 ) all its faults1 its close-knitt+ s5se ( bro!rhood1 its fai?1 its frugality1 its indu/ry1 its pati5ce1 its h]oism4 ,we are meant to %[ x ! great] glories ( ! ,new ,cov5ant1 ! spl5d\r ( ! purity1 ! unworldl9ess1 ! expansiv5ess1 ! love ( ! bro!rhood ( ,*ri/4 ,& we d %[ x--:at8 ,is !re t 9 our common ,*ri/ianity1 z !y see x1 :i* %\ld obvi\sly make ,judaism a%am$ ( itself8 ,c\ld ,/4 ,paul1 look+ at our ,*ri/5dom1 h expect$ 'all ,israel to be sav$' by ! spectacle ( a ca?olic *ur*8 ,^! are consid]ations #ic :i* inde$ %\ld drive u to bitt] p5it5ce & e>ne/ pray]4 ,f9ally1 be=e we leave ^! *apt]s1 we %all d well to look /eadily at ,/4 ,paul's habit ( m9d 9 deal+ ) anti!tic or complem5t>y tru?s4 ,no "o c\ld believe ) a m glori\s conviction ?an ,/4 ,paul 9 ! dom9ance ( ! purpose ( ,god 9 ! _w3 9 ! c]ta9ty ( ! accompli%m5t ( :at ,god has pr$e/9$4 ,if ! v rejection ( ! ,*ri/ by ! ,jews 0 turn$ into an opportunity = ! conv]sion ( ! ,g5tiles1 :at crime c be too great = ! div9e wisdom to ov]rule x = good8 ,no "o1 on ! o!r h&1 c\ld realize m deeply ! responsibility :i* lies ^u m53 _! /range p[] to correspond ) ,god1 or p>tly ?w>t ,8 purpose = !m & ?r\gh !m4 ,my po9t is only ?is3 he is true to bo? sides ( an anti!sis1 ev5 ?\gh ! exact relation%ip & int]work+ ( ! tw9 tru?s is necess>ily & f9ally obscure4 ,he refuses to be "o-sid$ at ! requirem5t ( an incomplete human logic4 ,x has be5 (t5 po9t$ out1 & 9 _m directions1 h[ prone we all are to take up ) "o side ( tru?--) pr$e/9ation or free-w1 ) ! div9ity or ! manhood #id ( ,*ri/1 ) ! unity or ! tr9ity ( ! ,godhead1 ) sacram5ts or conv]sion1 ) au?ority or p]sonal judgem5t2 & if we are intellectually dispos$1 we call our "o-sid$ness 'be+ logical4' ,b we _h bett] let ,/4 ,paul tea* u once = all t imp>tiality is a great] ?+ ?an ?is *eap logic2 ev5 z ,*ur* hi/ory tea*es u t a %>p-witt$ b "o-sid$ zeal = tru? is "o ma9 cause ( bitt]ness1 n>r[ness1 & s*ism4 #a ,i foll[1 by pref]5ce1 ! p>agraphs ( ! ,r4,v41 unless !re is v /rong reason to ! contr>y4 #b ,cf4 #b ,cor4 v4 #ai1 ',god 0 9 ,*ri/ reconcil+ ! _w unto ,himself4' #c ,num4 xv4 #bj1 #ba4 #d ',! ,"l call$ ?y "n ,a gre5 olive tree4' ,j]4 xi4 #af2 ,hos4 xiv4 #f4 #e ,on 'my/]y1' see ,ephesians1 p4 #gc4 ,x means a div9e secret disclos$ to ! elect4 #f ,isa4 lix4 #bj1 accord+ to ! ,greek1 & xxvii4 #i4 ,cf4 ,ezek4 xxxvi4 #be1 #bf4 #g ,isa4 xl4 #ac4 ,cf4 ,job xxxviii4 #d2 xli4 #aa2 ,wisd4 ix4 #ac4 #h ,j]4 xxxviii4 #d4 #i ,ezek4 xvi4 #fa4 #aj ,see above1 vol4 i4 #c4 #aa ,ezek4 xxxvii4 #ab ,see my ,ephesians1 pp4 #beh ff4 #ac ,quot$1 ) mu* o!r illu/rative matt]1 by ,web]1 l4c41 pp4 #bic ff4 ,! fancy is bas$ on #a ,k+s xix4 #cf2 ,exod4 xxxii4 #ac4 ,cf4 on ,cant4 i4 #e1 ',i am black b comely'--',! congregation ( ,israel speaks3 ,i am black ?r\gh m9e own works1 b lovely ?r\gh ! works ( my fa!rs4' #ad ,ezek4 xiv4 #ad4 #ae #a ,cor4 vii4 #ad4 #af ',all ,israel1' 9 #a ,k+s xii4 #a1 #b ,*ron4 xii4 #a1 ,dan4 ix4 #aa1 means ',israel 9 g5]al4' #ag ,^! words 7:i* 9 _! full s5se seem to g beyond :at we h a "r to say7 occur 9 ,br[n+'s ,r+ & ! ,book4 ,x is ! ,pope's f9al reflection1 :5 he condemns ,guido to dea?1 t 8 execution may be ! "o *ance = 8 spiritual recov]y-- ',9 ! ma9 crim9al ,i see no *ance ,except 9 su* a sudd5ness ( fate4' #ah ,luke vi4 #ce1 or 'despair+ ( no man1' m>g4 ,r4,v4 #ai ,we hold1 !re=e1 ) reg>d to ! lots ( m5 9 ?is _w1 exactly ! opposite ( :at ,plato sugge/$ "u ! impulse ( ! doctr9e ( transmigration1 ',x is ! man's own *oice1 ,god is blameless4' #ie ,,division ,v4 ,,*apt]s ,,xii-,,xv4 #ac4 ,practical ,exhortation4 ,we mu/ almo/ all ( u1 9 climb+ "s high hill1 h exp]i5c$ ! necessity = two di/9ct ef=ts1 ! second m or less unanticipat$4 ,we />t$ to climb to ! app>5t summit1 only to f9d1 :5 we got !re1 t x 0 no real summit at all1 b a prom95t spur1 & t a second climb 0 requir$ ( u be=e we 7 really at ! top4 ,an intellectual exp]i5ce n unlike ?is is ! lot ( ! /ud5t ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans4 ,! app>5t climax ( ! epi/le is ! end ( *apt] viii1 & ! /ud5t at />t+ expects 8 bra9 to be *iefly tax$ 9 foll[+ ! closely knit argum5t :i* is to lead him ?i!r4 ,b he rea*es x only to f9d ano!r l ef=t ( m9d requir$ ( him 9 grasp+ ! mean+ ( ! section 7*apt]s ix-xi7 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul is occupi$ 9 ju/ify+ ,god's deal+s ) ! *os5 p4 ,b n[1 intellectually speak+1 8 "w is almo/ ov]4 #if ,z ! climb]1 seat$ on ! summit ( ! hill :5 at la/ x is ga9$1 lets 8 eye range ov] a ri* & wide prospect1 & takes 9 its va/ness & v>iety1 or traces bel[ him ! delightful desc5t3 s x is ) ! read] ( ?is epi/le :o has ent]$ s9c]ely into ! _s ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,8 intellectual scruples z to ! div9e deal+s h be5 j laid to re/2 be=e t 8 m9d _h be5 conv9c$1 & 8 he>t & w attract$ & won1 by ! unfold+ ( ! div9e righte\sness1 t is to say ( ! free grace & love ( ,god4 ,& n[1 proportionate to ! greatness ( ! ef=t by :i* ?is satisfaction ( intellect & he>t & w has be5 won1 is ! joy ( expansion :i* rema9s--! joy ( ! surr5d]$ m9d 9 appreciat+ all t is practically possible = x 9 ! light ( ! love ( ,god4 ',i w run ! way ( ?y comm&m5ts1 because ?\ do/ enl>ge my he>t1' t is1 exp& x ) a s5se ( lib]ty & joy#a4 ',all ?+s are ours1' if b once 9 complet5ess ( self-surr5d]+ fai? 'we are ,*ri/'s' z assur$ly ',*ri/ is ,god's#b4' ',i c d all ?+s 9 ,*ri/ t /r5g!ne? me#c4' #a ,ps4 cxix4 #cb4 ,see ,driv]'s ,p>allel ,psalt]1 ,ox=d 7#ahih74 #b #a ,cor4 iii4 #ba-c4 #c ,phil4 iv4 #ac4 #ig ,,division ,v4 i4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 #a-b4 ,self-surr5d] 9 response to ,god4 ,& fir/ ( all ! g5]al attitude ( m9d is def9$1 :i* x befits u to adopt t[>ds ,god z ,he has n[ reveal$ ,himself to u4 ,x is ! response ( entire self-surr5d]--! response ( sacrifice to sacrifice4 ,/4 ,paul 'besee*es1' or r 'enc\rages1' or 'summons' ! ,roman ,*ri/ians1 us+ = 8 motive p[]#a all ! ri* /ore ( div9e compassions :i* he has j be5 occupi$ 9 disclos+ or expla9+ to !m1 to make ! only response really possible to su* an exhibition ( div9e love2 & t is to pres5t !mselves 9 sacrifice to ,god4 ,:at ,god asks is n dead victims b liv+ m51 9 body z well z _s consecrat$ to ,8 s]vice & r5d]$ acceptable 9 ,8 sight3 & ?is sort ( self-oblation1 #ih on ! patt]n ( ,*ri/1 is ! only reasonable sort ( div9e s]vice = man to (f]4 ,! transitory _w1 to :i* su* an ideal is q ali51 is inde$ all ar\nd !m1 b !y are n to suff] !mselves to be assimilat$ to its fleet+ fa%ion4 ,_! :ole po9t ( view is *ang$ & become new2 & ?is mu/ result 9 s ?or\gh a trans=mation ( _! old worldly ways ( ?9k+ t a new inw>d light w %9e 9 _! he>ts1 & !y w be able to discrim9ate & see :at ,god's w is1 & s to foll[ ! way ( p]fection4 ,i besee* y !re=e1 bre?r51 by ! m]cies ( ,god1 to pres5t y\r bodies a liv+ sacrifice1 holy1 acceptable to ,god1 :i* is y\r reasonable s]vice4 ,& be n fa%ion$ accord+ to ?is _w3 b be ye trans=m$ by ! r5ew+ ( y\r m9d1 t ye may prove :at is ! good & acceptable & p]fect w ( ,god4 ,?is %ort p>agraph is full ( mean+1 & is pr(\ndly *>act]i/ic ( ,/4 ,paul 9 ?\ght & language4 ,! '!re=e' is "o ( ! great transitional '!re=es#b' by :i* ,/4 ,paul %[s 8 con/ant s5se ( ! int]-connexion ( doctr9e & life3 ! doctr9e pass+ by a cle> logic into ! practical life1 & ! life draw+ all its #ii practical motives f ! realities disclos$ 9 ! doctr9e4 ,x is truly no?+ :atev] b %all[ness & '%ortness ( ?\ght' :i* c suff] u to imag9e t ! ,*ri/ian "*--,i d n say all morality1 b ! ,*ri/ian "*--c\ld long survive ! ,*ri/ian cre$4 ,& ! "* ( ?is summ>y exhortation %[s u t any idea ( a fai? :i* /ops %ort ( moral id5tification ) its object is utt]ly ali5 to ,/4 ,paul's m9d4 ,fai? is no true ,*ri/ian fai?1 if x is cont5t to receive f ! ,fa!r1 or f ,*ri/1 a gift :i* leaves x /ill outside ! life ( ,god4 ,! fai? :i* ,*ri/ inspires asks = & receives no?+ less ?an real fell[%ip 9 ,8 div9e & human life1 & t life is1 9 its joys z well z its sorr[s1 a life ( self-surr5d]1 ( sacrifice4 ,?us ! ,*ri/ian only welcomes ! gift ( p>don ?r\gh ,*ri/'s sacrifice 9 ord] to be admitt$ into ! fre$om ( ! d$icat$ life 9 ,*ri/1 :i* is ! life ( sacrifice4 ,x is ! sort ( sacrifice 7z ,/4 ,paul's language indicates7 :i* is z diff]5t z possible f any su* asceticism z is prompt$ by contempt ( ! fle% or ! body1 or refusal ( joy1 or love ( dea?4 ,x is sacrifice :i* seeks to cultivate #ajj into full vitality e faculty ( body z well z ( m9d 7& t 9 an active society or bro!rhood71 9 ord] to consecrate all we are or c be to ! s]vice ( ,god1 & s realize 9 consci\s correspond5ce ) ! div9e w ! rational wor%ip = humanity4 ,/4 ,paul's words "h ab\t a 'liv+' z oppos$ to a bloody1 & a 'rational' z oppos$ to an animal sacrifice1 may be ! basis on :i* ! eu*>i/1 ! ,*ri/ian wor%ip '9 _s & 9 tru?1' 0 (t5 call$ 9 e>ly times ! 'reasonable' & 'bloodless sacrifice#c4' ,& :e!r ?is be ! case or no1 at any rate we mu/ rele>n ! lesson t ,/4 ,augu/9e is = ev] insi/+ ^u1 t ! eu*>i/ic sacrifice ess5tially involves & implies ! (f]+ ( ! ,*ur* z ! body ( ,*ri/1 #aja t is1 ! (f]+ ( ourselves z memb]s ( ! body2 & we may feel pr(\ndly ?ankful t1 9 our s]vice ( ,holy ,communion1 ?is tru? has be5 re/or$ to its prop] prom95ce1 aft] hav+ be51 9 ! pre-,re=mation s]vice1 almo/ ignor$4 ',& "h we (f] & pres5t unto !e1 ,o ,"l1 ourselves1 our s\ls & bodies1 to be a reasonable1 holy1 & lively sacrifice unto !e4' ,9 ?is pray] is really ! climax ( our sacrificial wor%ip#d4 ,! true s]vice ( ,god is intellig5t correspond5ce ) ! div9e w--?is is p]fection2 & to correspond ) ! div9e w we mu/ be able to "k x3 & ?is is :at we c d if we are true to ! pr9ciple ( our new bir?1 & suff] x radically & p]man5tly to trans=m u & our po9t ( view 7= no?+ less ?an ?is is c>ri$ by ,/4 ,paul's expression r5d]$ 'trans=m'74 ,negatively1 ?is means t we mu/ ma9ta9 our sep>at5ess f ! worldly _w1 to :i* we di$ at our baptism--! _w ( human society z x devotes itself to its bus9ess & its pleasures1 #ajb leav+ ,god out ( acc\nt#e4 ,= if ! worldly _w is suff]$ to fa%ion u 9 accordance ) its %all[ & transitory %[ 7?is is ! idea convey$ by ! ^w r5d]$ 'fa%ion'71 we %all be bl9d$ to :at our reg5]ation ought to h made pla9 to u4 #a ,= ! use ( 'by1' cf4 xv4 #cj2 #a ,cor4 i4 #aj 7'?r\gh' is ! same ^w72 #b ,cor4 x4 #a4 #b ,see fur!r1 ,ephes4 pp4 #agb ff4 #c ,x is m likely1 h[ev]1 t ! phrases 'rational wor%ip' & 'bloodless sacrifice' _h an e>li] ,jewi% orig94 ,!y occur 9 ,! ,te/am5t ( ! ,,xii ,patri>*s1 :i* is app>5tly a ,jewi% docum5t *ri/ianiz$4 ,!re ! angels are said 7,levi4 #c7 to '(f] to ! ,"l a rational od\r ( sweet sav\r & a bloodless (f]+4' ,philo also1 z ,mr4 ,conybe>e po9ts out to me1 9 sev]al passages describes ! true sacrifices z 'bloodless'3 & by bloodless sacrifices he means ei!r ! meal (f]+s z oppos$ to ! animal sacrifices 7,de ,anim4 ,sacrif4 ed4 ,mangey ii4 #bej71 or truly spiritual acts z oppos$ to m]ely outw>d 7,de ,ebreitate1 i4 p4 #cgj1 cf4 ii4 #bed74 ,^! two ideas run easily into "o ano!r1 & ! e>lie/ uses ( ! expression 'bloodless sacrifice' = ! eu*>i/ h a simil> ambiguity4 #d ,see fur!r1 p4 #agi4 ,i may be all[$ to express ! e>ne/ desire t we might h lib]ty 9 our ,*ur* to read bo? ( ! ,po/-,communion ,pray]s1 :i* seem supplem5t>y r ?an alt]native to "o ano!r4 #e ,see ,ephes4 p4 #ib4 #ajc ,,division ,v4 #b4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 #c-ba4 ,! community _s4 ,& :5 ,/4 ,paul1 ju/ify+ himself "h1 z be=e & lat] on1 by ! special div9e fav\r :i* has made him ! apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles#a1 proce$s to develop 8 exhortation1 x appe>s t ) him1 z ) ,/4 ,james#b1 ! =m 9 :i* 'div9e s]vice' %[s itself mu/ be love ( ! bre?r54 ,to be call$ into ! body ( ,*ri/--! society :i* is b\nd into "o by ,8 life & _s--is to be call$ to social s]vice1 t is1 to live a community life1 & to cultivate ! virtues :i* make true community life possible & heal?y4 ,( ^! ! fir/ is humility1 :i* 9 ?is connexion means ! view+ oneself 9 all ?+s z "o truly is1 z a "p ( a :ole4 ,( ! fai? by :i* ! :ole body lives1 a %>e1 b only #ajd a %>e1 belongs to ea* memb]--a c]ta9 measure ( fai?--& he mu/ n /ra9 beyond x4 ,b he is dilig5tly to make ! be/ ( 8 faculty1 & d ! "w = :i* 8 special gift qualifies him1 9 due subord9ation to ! welf>e ( ! :ole1 :e!r x be inspir$ prea*+1 or ord9>y tea*+1 or ! di/ribution ( alms1 or presid5cy1 or "s o!r =m ( help+ o!rs :i* is 8 special function4 ,besides humility !re are o!r virtues :i* make ! life ( a community heal?y & happy1 & ,/4 ,paul enum]ates !m1 z !y occur to 8 m9d1 9 no def9$ ord] or complet5ess4 ,!re mu/ be s9c]ity 9 love1 t is 9 consid]+ & seek+ ! real int]e/ ( o!rs2 !re mu/ be ! righte\s sev]ity :i* keeps ! moral atmosph]e free f ta9t2 !re mu/ be t5d]ness ( feel+1 :i* makes ! community a real family ( bro!rs2 & an abs5ce ( all self-ass]tion1 or desire = p]sonal prom95ce2 & ?or\gh indu/ry2 & spiritual zeal2 & devotion to ,god's s]vice2 & ! *e]fulness :i* ,*ri/ian hope inspires2 & ! ready endurance ( affliction2 & close application to pray]2 & a love = giv+ :5ev] fell[ ,*ri/ians ne$2 & an eag]ness to ent]ta9 !m :5 !y are #aje travell+--= '! community' embraces1 n "o *ur* only1 b 'all ! *ur*es4' ,nay 9 a wid] s5se ! community ext5ds itself to all mank9d1 ev5 ^? :o p]secute#c !m4 ,accord+ to 8 ,"l's precepts1 ! ,*ri/ian is only to bless 8 p]secutors4 ,g5]ally he is to be1 9 ! deep1 orig9al s5se1 sympa!tic ) 8 fell[ m5 ev]y:]e 9 _! joys & sorr[s1 & 7to return to ! ,*ri/ian community7 he is to seek to let x be p]vad$ by an imp>tial k9dness2 &1 n ?9k+ himself a sup]ior p]son suit$ only = sup]ior affairs1 he is to let ! curr5t ( ord9>y human ne$s be> him along4 ,he is n to set undue /ore on 8 own op9ions#d2 he is utt]ly to bani% ! _s ( retaliation2 he is delib]ately to plan s to live z t 8 life %all prove1 n a /umbl+block1 b a moral attraction to m5 9 g5]al#e2 he is nev] to qu>rel ) any "o if he c possibly help x2 he is completely to suppress 8 res5tm5t #ajf :5 he is wrong$1 & simply to leave ! matt] to ! wra? ( ,god1 z inde$ ! law w\ld h him d#f2 s t1 by 8 v meekness & return+ good = evil1 he may1 accord+ to ! wise man's say+1 heap burn+ %ame ^u 8 enemy1 l coals ( fire#g4 ,evil is all ar\nd ! ,*ri/ian1 & x is a /rong man arm$2 b ! ,*ri/ian has ) him ! =ces ( good :i* are yet /rong]1 & by no passive )drawal1 b by ! active ex]cise ( good1 he is to w9 ! victory ov] evil4 ,= ,i say1 ?r\gh ! grace t 0 giv5 me1 to e man t is among y1 n to ?9k ( himself m highly ?an he ought to ?9k2 b s to ?9k z to ?9k sob]ly1 accord+ z ,god ha? dealt to ea* man a measure ( fai?4 ,= ev5 z we h _m memb]s 9 "o body1 & all ! memb]s h n ! same (fice3 s we1 :o are _m1 are "o body 9 ,*ri/1 & sev]ally memb]s "o ( ano!r4 ,& hav+ gifts diff]+ accord+ to ! grace t 0 giv5 to u1 :e!r prophecy1 let u prophesy accord+ to ! proportion ( our fai?2 or m9i/ry1 let u give ourselves to our m9i/ry2 or he t tea*e?1 to 8 tea*+2 or he t exhorte?1 to 8 exhort+3 he t give?1 let him d x ) lib]ality2 he t rule?1 ) dilig5ce2 he t %ewe? m]cy1 ) *e]fulness4 ,let love be )\t hypocrisy4 ,abhor t :i* is evil2 cleave to t :i* is good4 ,9 love ( ! bre?r5 be t5d]ly affection$ "o to ano!r2 9 hon\r pref]r+ "o ano!r2 9 dilig5ce n slo?ful2 #ajg f]v5t 9 _s2 s]v+ ! ,"l2 rejoic+ 9 hope2 pati5t 9 tribulation2 cont9u+ /$fa/ly 9 pray]2 communicat+ to ! necessities ( ! sa9ts2 giv5 to hospitality4 ,bless !m t p]secute y2 bless1 & curse n4 ,rejoice ) !m t rejoice2 weep ) !m t weep4 ,be ( ! same m9d "o t[>d ano!r4 ,set n y\r m9d on high ?+s1 b condesc5d to ?+s t are l[ly4 ,be n wise 9 y\r own conceits4 ,r5d] to no man evil = evil4 ,take ?\ght = ?+s hon\rable 9 ! sight ( all m54 ,if x be possible1 z mu* z 9 y lie?1 be at peace ) all m54 ,av5ge n y\rselves1 belov$1 b give place unto wra?3 = x is writt51 ,v5geance belonge? unto me2 ,i w recomp5se1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,b if ?9e enemy hung]1 fe$ him2 if he ?ir/1 give him to dr9k3 = 9 s do+ ?\ %all heap coals ( fire ^u 8 head4 ,be n ov]come ( evil1 b ov]come evil ) good4 7#a7 ,x is ! idea ( corporate life :i* dom9ates all ?is exhortation4 ,no writ+ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t has done m ?an ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans to /r5g!n ! s5se ( spiritual individuality1 & to r\se ! individual _s to prote/1 z x prote/$ 9 ,lu!r1 aga9/ spiritual tyranny4 ,b x is a complete mi/ake to suppose t ! epi/le is individuali/ic 9 t5d5cy4 ,! life into :i* ! individual's fai? 9 ,jesus admits him is ! life ( a community1 & its virtues are ! virtues ( community life4 ,! /r5g!n$ individuality is to g to enri* an organiz$ society4 #ajh ,?is is express$ 9 ! famili> metaphor ( ! body :i* _h be5 employ$ 9 non-,*ri/ian ?\ght be=e ,/4 ,paul id5tifi$ x ) himself & ,*ri/ianity by ! vigor\s & pr(\nd use :i* he made ( x#h4 ,! ,*ri/ian community is a body b\nd toge!r 9 a common life by a common inspir+ pres5ce & _s4 ,! div9e grace & good fav\r ( ,*ri/ %[s itself 9 special 'gifts' 79 ! ,greek ?is ^w '*>isma' expresses a p>ticul> embodim5t ( ! g5]al grace1 '*>is1' ( ,god72 & no individual memb] is )\t 8 special end[m5t4 ,x is n a few (fic]s ( ! community :o are gift$1 b all2 & all are to co-op]ate 9 ! common life & "w4 ,( gifts !re are v>i\s sorts :i* we he> ( 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,!re are ! (ficial gifts1 ! result ( :at we call ord9ation1 z ! gift :i* 0 '9' ,timo?y 'by ! lay+ on ( h&s4' ,& ^? among ! ,*ri/ians at ,rome1 :o 'presid$' & 'm9i/]$1' w\ld h be51 we %\ld suppose1 (ficial presbyt]s or 'bi%ops1' & deacons4 ,b ! ,roman ,*ri/ians h>dly con/itut$ yet an organiz$ *ur*1 & we _c tell :5ce su* (fic]s ( #aji ! community receiv$ _! appo9tm5t4 ,!re is no gr\nd = a positive ass]tion ( any k9d#i4 ,aga9 we he> ( special gifts1 su* z p[]s ( heal+1 speak+ ) tongues & prophesy+1 :i* sometimes accompani$ ! be/[al ( ! ,_s1 ?r\gh ! lay+ on ( h&s :i* 0 giv5 to all4 ,& ! gift ( prophesy+ among ! ,roman ,*ri/ians may h be5 a gift ( ?is k9d4 ,b ,/4 ,paul is p]haps writ+ ) ! circum/ances ( ! ,cor9?ian *ur*1 r ?an ^? ( ! ,roman ,*ri/ians1 9 8 m9d2 & we c ga!r b little ab\t ! exact condition ( ?+s at ! capital4 ,once m1 ,/4 ,paul uses ! ^w 'gifts' = m p]sonal & moral end[m5ts1 z = ! b5t ( m9d :i* leads m51 "u div9e guidance1 t[>ds celibacy or m>riage#aj4 ,b 9 ?is place he is n di/+ui%+4 ,he is h>dly speak+ 9 view ( any special circum/ances at ,rome4 ,he is b emphasiz+ ! fact :i* is ! basis ( all ! life ( ,*ri/ians ev]y:]e--! fact t ea* individual memb] ( ! body has a special gift1 & a special function = ! good ( ! :ole body1 by :i* ! gift is to express itself4 ,:at e individual ,*ri/ian has to d1 #aaj !n1 is to realize 8 own gift & correspond to x4 ,! gift involves a c]ta9 'measure ( fai?4' ,! fai? ( ea* individual ,*ri/ian is ! same 9 its basis4 ,x holds him 9 spiritual allegiance to ! same ,"l1 & 9 confession ( ! same elem5tal cre$4 ,b1 besides ?is1 x involves a special insight1 :i* is ! peculi> end[m5t ( ! individual4 ,!re is some?+ :i* ea* man c realize & imp>t1 z no "o else is qualifi$ to d4 ,! ,*ur* is ! poor] if he holds back or fails to /ir up ?is gift ( 8 own1 & on ! o!r h& he incurs ! p]il ( presumption if he v5tures beyond x4 ,ev5 ! inspir$ man1 ! prophet1 mu/ prophesy )9 ! limits ( :at 8 own special proportion ( fai? enables him to p]ceive & grasp#aa1 ev5 ?\gh ano!r prophet ) a l>g] fai? might rightly say :at he may n v5ture ^u4 ',let ea* man be fully #aaa p]suad$ 9 8 own m9d4' ,= any ass]tion :i* goes beyond :at ! fai? ( ! individual enables him to be conv9c$ (1 is = him 's94' ,we greatly ne$ ?is exhortation to-day4 ,! convictions ( _m are vague & unc]ta91 & _! tea*+ )\t he>t or =ce1 because1 l p>rots1 !y cat* up & repeat :at o!rs may h insight en\gh to w>rant _! ass]t+1 b !y h n4 ,to correspond ) "o's own p]sonal gift ( fai? is to realize "o's vocation2 &1 by ! developm5t ( ! individual po9ts ( view1 inside ! common 'tradition1' ! fullness & ri*ness ( ! corporate fai? is secur$4 ,! cohesion ( ! body lies 9 ea* "o's realiz+ 8 own gift1 & also rev]5c+ t ( o!rs4 ,"h is humility4 ,humility is n self-contempt1 or cr++ to o!rs4 ,to realize "o's own gift1 "o's own relation to ,god1 gives to ea* man a dignity1 a p[] to /& upright & face ! _w4 ,! sov]eign ,ma/] & ,giv] has giv5 me my own life & my own gifts4 ,he is responsible = ! exi/5ce :i* ,he gave me1 & ,i am n to %ame ,him by %r9k+ f mak+ ! be/ ( x4 ,b also humility is1 9 all relations1 tru? ab\t ourselves4 ,x is tru? ab\t ourselves z reg>ds ,god1 :o #aab is simply ! giv] ( :atev] we h & are2 & x is tru? ab\t ourselves z reg>ds our fell[ m5--our own gifts be+ ju/ly apprais$ only :5 !y are reg>d$ z means ( s]v+ ! body z a :ole1 )\t any self-aggr&izem5t1 ) a due respect to ! gifts ( o!rs1 & ev5 a positive w to let !m h high] place ?an ourselves4 ,inde$ we %all d well to m$itate deeply on ?is4 ,:at good "w is !re :i* is n 9 m or less cont9ual dang] ( suff]+1 or ev5 be+ ab&on$1 because fell[ ,*ri/ians1 zeal\s fell[ ,*ri/ians1 w pla9ly1 & x mu/ be wilfully1 yield to ! ambition to be fir/3 w n be cont5t to be second or ?ird3 w n d ! unobtrusive "w3 w ?9k ',h[ c ,i %9e1' r ?an ',h[ c ,i s]ve'8 ,9 fact1 h[ v unwill+ we are to recognize1 9 our ideals ( education1 & 9 our !ory ( gr[n life1 t ambition1 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! ^w--! desire to obta9 di/9ction = ourselves1 z di/9ct f ! desire to s]ve--is n a motive :i* ,*ri/ianity c sanction1 or f :i* x c hope = a bless+4 ,we l+] lov+ly1 wi/fully1 on ! picture ( ! corporate life ( a ,*ri/ian community4 ,has x vani%$ f ! e>?1 ?is real frat]nal #aac liv+1 'high & l[1 ri* & poor1 "o ) ano!r1' ea* supplem5t+ ! defici5cies ( ! o!r1 & receiv+ ( _! fullness8 ,may we n d some?+ m ?an we are do+ to realize x 9 our congregations or p>i%es8 ,is ne>ly en\gh emphasis laid on ! social relation%ip ( ea* congregation ( fell[ wor%ipp]s or ea* local *ur*8 ,dimly ?r\gh ! mi/ ( ages 9 old *ur*w>d5s' acc\nts1 9 ! r>e in/ances :]e !y h be5 pres]v$ f days be=e ! ,re=mation1 we disc]n :at a really frat]nal1 self-gov]n+ & mutually co-op]ative community ! m$iaeval ,engli% p>i% 04 ,let me extract a few s5t5ces f ! excell5t preface#ab :i* ,bi%op ,hobh\se prefix$ to an edition ( ! surviv+ ,*ur*w>d5s' ,acc\nts ( a numb] ( ,som]set%ire p>i%es4 ',! 7p>i%7 community 0 completely organiz$ ) a con/itution :i* recogniz$ ! rights ( ! :ole & ( e adult memb] to a voice 9 self-gov]nm5t1 b kept ! self-gov]n+ community "u a sy/em ( inspection & 7if ne$ %\ld be7 re/ra9t f c5tral au?ority4' ',! :ole adult population 7 acc\nt$ p>i%ion]s1 & _h an equal voice #aad :5 assembl$ = consultation "u ! rector4 ,see+ t bo? sexes s]v$ ! (fice ( w>d51 !re c be no d\bt t bo? _h a vote4' ,! /rongly exi/+ _s ( good w & pride 9 ! p>i% *ur* f\nd all ! necess>y funds = ! ma9ta9+ ( ! *ur* & ! s]vices1 & = ! provision ( (t5 a sumptu\s & ri* treasury ( ornam5ts4 ,! ne$s ( ! ,*ur* 7 met g5]ally by ! local indu/ry ( 'su* z 7 wise-he>t$'--build]s1 c>p5t]s1 work]s 9 gold & silv]1 bell-f\nd]s1 embroid]]s1 writ]s1 illum9ators1 book-b9d]s1 & o!rs4 ,h>d by ! *ur* ! *ur*-h\se 0 ! c5tre ( ! popul> recreations ( ! holy day or holiday4 ,! p>i% elect$ & paid its own (fic]s1 except ! rector1 & ! affairs & ornam5ts ( ! *ur*1 ev5 9 "p ! arrangem5t ( ! s]vices1 7 "u ! gov]nm5t1 n ( ! rector1 b ( ! p>i% meet+1 ( :i* he 0 presid5t1 "u ! re/ra9+ h& ( ! rural dean & ar*deacon4 ,! support ( ! poor or disabl$ 0 a :olly volunt>y matt]4 ',! bro!rhood tie 0 s /rongly realiz$ by ! community1 t #aae ! weak] ones 7 succ\r$ by ! /rong] z out ( a family /ore4' ',all ! t5d5cy ( ! feudal sy/em1 work+ ?r\gh ! ma*9]y ( ! manorial c\rt1 0 to keep ! p d[n4 ,all ! t5d5cy ( ! p>o*ial sy/em1 work+ ?r\gh ! p>i% c\ncil1 hold+ its assemblies 9 ! *ur*es1 :]e ! p met on equal t]ms z *ildr5 & s]vants ( ! liv+ ,god1 & memb]s ( "o body 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 0 to lift ! p up4' ,9 ^! assemblies !re 0 no di/9ction betwe5 "l & vassal1 high & l[1 ri* & poor2 9 !m ! p le>nt ! wor? ( be+ free4 ,"h 7 ! s*ools 9 :i*1 9 ! sl[ c\rse ( c5turies1 !y 7 discipl9$ to self-help1 self-reliance & self-respect#ac4 ,no d\bt ^! descriptions ( m$iaeval p>i% life repres5t an ideal v imp]fectly realiz$4 ,b is x n an ideal we ne$ to recov]8 ,is !re n a call = ,*ur* re=m1 bo? moral & =mal1 to re/ore to u ! community life ( our p>i%es1 & fill ,/4 ,paul's language aga9 ) its prim>y & natural mean+8 #a ,see i4 #e1 #aa-ae2 xv4 #ae-ag4 #b ,jas4 i4 #ag4 #c ,! ^w is ! same z ,/4 ,paul has j us$ to describe ! eag] 'pursuit' ( opportunities ( hospitality by ! ,*ri/ian4 ,he 'pursues' opportunities ( do+ good1 :ile he is himself 'pursu$' by enemies to d him evil4 #d ,cf4 xi4 #be1 & ,prov4 iii4 #g4 #e ,prov4 iii4 #d ,,lxx4 ',provide ?+s hon\rable 9 ! sight ( ! ,"l & ( man4' #f ,deut4 xxxii4 #ce4 #g ,prov4 xxv4 #ba4 #h ,! tru?1 h[ev]1 :i* und]lies ! metaphor ( ! body is1 we may say1 equally pres5t 9 all ! ,new ,te/am5t writ]s4 #i ,see1 h[ev]1 p4 #aif4 #aj #a ,cor4 vii4 #g4 #aa ,dr4 ,liddon1 ) _m o!rs1 int]prets 'accord+ to ! proportion ( ! fai?1' i4e4 accord+ to '! maje/ic proportion ( ! 7objective7 fai?4' ,?is is ! *>act]i/ically ,lat91 z aga9/ ! ,greek1 int]pretation1 & ! ,greek is c]ta9ly to be pref]r$1 because 'accord+ to ! proportion ( our fai?' foll[s naturally ^u 'accord+ z 444 ! measure ( fai?' j above2 inde$ 'fai?' 9 ?is context c h>dly h assign$ to x )\t viol5ce ! objective mean+ :i*1 h[ev]1 9 ! context ( ! ,pa/oral ,epi/les x no d\bt frequ5tly be>s4 ,cf4 app4 note ,a1 p4 #bje4 #ab ,som]set%ire ,records1 vol4 iv1 #ahij4 #ac ,dr4 ,jessop1 ',p>i% ,life 9 ,engl& be=e ! ,great ,pillage1' ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,jan4 #ahih1 p4 #ee2 cf4 also ,dom ,gasquet on ',! ,layman 9 ! ,m$iaeval ,p]iod1' ,tablet1 ,sept4 #b1 #ahii4 #aaf ,,division ,v4 #c4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 #a-g4 ,! ,*ri/ians & ! imp]ial p[]4 ,x is possible t ! ?\ght ( ! innoc5t victim ( inju/ice & wrong wait+ ^u ! div9e wra?1 br+s to ,/4 ,paul's m9d ! idea ( ! ,/ate :i* exi/s to repres5t div9e ju/ice 9 ! _w1 & m9i/] div9e wra? on behalf ( ! innoc5t4 ,b1 :e!r ?is p>ticul> connexion ( ?\ght 0 really 9 ,/4 ,paul's m9d or no1 at any rate ! previ\s section has made x pla9 t ! 'love ( ! bre?r5' mu/ ext5d itself to become a "r relation to all m51 :e!r ,*ri/ians or n#a4 ,9 p>ticul>1 !re=e1 ! relation ( ! ,*ri/ians to ! imp]ial au?ority c\ld n fail to be a matt] :i* requir$ att5tion & apo/olic c\nsel4 ,! ,jews1 ^: !ocratic #aag pr9ciples made submission to gov]nm5t by '! uncircumcis$' at lea/ a real ab&onm5t ( a religi\s ideal#b1 _h always an in/9ctive t5d5cy to rebellion2 & ! ,*ri/ian *ur* built ^u ,judaism might easily h inh]it$ ?is in/9ct4 ,! ca?olic *ur* ( ! new cov5ant1 might h claim$ to be a !ocracy l t ( ! old4 ,especially at ,rome1 :]e ! ,jews 7 a va/ & =midable body :o _h rec5tly giv5 tr\ble & be5 expell$#c1 ! attitude ( ! ,*ri/ians1 :o 7 id5tifi$ ) !m1 might easily be misund]/ood4 ,or on ! o!r h& ! ,jews !mselves1 at ,rome z at ,!ssalonica#d1 might repres5t ! ,*ri/ians z disloyal to ,caes>4 ,moreov]1 ap>t f all unju/ifi$ sl&]s1 ! _s ( ! 'fif? mon>*y m5' has seldom be5 altoge!r abs5t f p]iods ( ,*ri/ian en?usiasm2 & ! re/less & undiscipl9$ #aah t5d5cies at ,!ssalonica#e1 :i* ! mi/ak5 expectation ( ! imm$iate second com+ ( ,*ri/ _h enc\rag$1 7 a sign t ,*ri/ians might easily f9d x difficult to settle d[n z good citiz5s 9 ! great empire ( ! _w4 ,/4 ,paul !re=e1 "h & else:]e1 w\ld make x q pla9 t ! ca?olic *ur*1 if x is l ! anci5t ,israel1 is l x only z x 0 9 exile--:5 ! *ildr5 ( ,israel 7 bidd5 to be good citiz5s ( ! ,babylonian empire1 & to seek ! peace ( ! city :i!r ,god _h caus$ !m to be c>ri$ away captive1 & to pray unto ! ,"l = x1 = 9 ! peace !re( !y %\ld h peace#f4 ,?us ! ,*ur* 0 n a !ocracy1 b a 'settlem5t ( /rang]s & exiles#g1' wait+ = ! visible e/abli%m5t ( ! k+dom or city ( ,god1 & mean:ile ma9ta9+ a polity or ord]$ social life ( _! own1 b on a volunt>y & ca?olic 7or non-national7 basis4 ,!re=e1 s long z ,god ma9ta9s '! pres5t _w1' !y mu/ be good citiz5s ( :atev] e>?ly /ate !y happ5 to live "u4 ,on ?is basis1 !n1 ,/4 ,paul rem9ds ea* s+le p]son #aai ( ! duty ( political loyalty4 ,! e>?ly /ate is ( ,god's e/abli%+1 z well z ! k+dom ( ,*ri/1 & fulfils a div9e purpose ) div9e au?ority4 ,x exi/s to suppress moral outrage & lawlessness#h1 to ma9ta9 ju/ice & "r4 ,its (fic]s are ,god's m9i/]s 7z truly z ! (fic]s ( ! ,*ur*1 ?\gh 9 a diff]5t ord]71 & mu/ be obey$ accord+ly1 "u p]il n only ( civil puni%m5t = disob$i5ce1 b "u p]il ( div9e judgem5t also1 & z a matt] ( consci5ce4 ,! good man1 & !re=e ! good ,*ri/ian1 has no?+ to fe> f ! empire or its (fic]s4 ,& he w readily1 & z a matt] ( consci5ce1 pay 8 tribute z a subject1 & 8 taxes z a citiz51 to ! prop] au?orities1 & give to ea* imp]ial (fic] ! respect :i* is 8 due4 ,let e s\l be 9 subjection to ! high] p[]s3 = !re is no p[] b ( ,god2 & ! p[]s t be are orda9$ ( ,god4 ,!re=e he t resi/e? ! p[]1 )/&e? ! ord9ance ( ,god3 & !y t )/& %all receive to !mselves judgem5t4 ,= rul]s are n a t]ror to ! good "w1 b to ! evil4 ,& w\lde/ ?\ h no fe> ( ! p[]8 d #abj t :i* is good1 & ?\ %alt h praise f ! same3 = he is a m9i/] ( ,god to !e = good4 ,b if ?\ d t :i* is evil1 be afraid2 = he be>e? n ! sword 9 va93 = he is a m9i/] ( ,god1 an av5g] = wra? to him t doe? evil4 ,:]e=e ye mu/ ne$s be 9 subjection1 n only because ( ! wra?1 b also = consci5ce sake4 ,= = ?is cause ye pay tribute also2 = !y are m9i/]s ( ,god's s]vice1 att5d+ cont9ually ^u ?is v ?+4 ,r5d] to all _! dues3 tribute to :om tribute is due2 cu/om to :om cu/om2 fe> to :om fe>2 hon\r to :om hon\r4 ,our ,"l1 by ,8 :ole be>+ t[>ds ,jewi% nationalism & by ,8 cle> prophecy ( ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 z well z by ,8 p>ticul> injunction to 'r5d] unto ,caes> ! ?+s t 7 ,caes>'s1' _h made x evid5t to ,8 disciples t ! sceptre _h dep>t$ f ,judah1 & _h det]m9$ ! attitude ( ,*ri/ians t[>ds ! empire4 ,!y c\ld n inde$ be z o!r inhabitants ( ! empire1 = !y 7 wait+1 & pray+1 & work+1 = ! visible e/abli%m5t ( a city & k+dom ( ,god on e>?--little z ei!r ! 'times & seasons1' or ! "* & mann]1 ( t city & k+dom _h be5 reveal$ to !m4 ,?us ! ,roman empire c\ld n b be 9 _! eyes a k+dom ( ?is _w de/9$ = ov]?r[4 ,b x 0 by ! me?ods ( meekness1 & by purely spiritual weapons1 t ! k+dom ( #aba ,god 0 to come1 & ! great ov]?r[1 :atev] x %\ld prove to be1 0 to be effect$4 ,?is at lea/ 0 c]ta92 & mean:ile ! ,roman empire repres5t$ ! div9e pr9ciple ( au?ority & ord]1 & mu/ be obey$4 ,/4 ,paul no d\bt _h1 m ?an any o!r apo/le1 a real feel+ = ! empire & ! city ( :i* he 0 a citiz54 ,moreov]1 he saw 9 ! organization ( ! empire a great framework & vehicle = ! e/abli%m5t & spread ( ! ca?olic *ur*4 ,& hi!rto c]ta9ly 7at lea/1 s9ce ! fatal mom5t ( ,pilate's weakness7 ! ,*ur* _h cont9ually exp]i5c$ ! assi/ance ( ! imp]ial au?orities4 ,x 0 a misus$ spiritual au?ority1 be=e :i* ! prote/ _h to be made1 ',we mu/ obey ,god r ?an man#i4' ,x 0 ! ,jewi% au?orities :o p]secut$ ! ,*ur*4 ,x 0 ! ,jewi% k+ :o put ,james to dea?4 ,at ,paphos1 ,!ssalonica1 ,cor9?1 ,ephesus1 ! imp]ial au?orities _h be5 m or less fri5dly1 & ev5 at ,philippi !y _h be5 r$uc$ to an attitude ( apology by ! b>e m5tion ( ,roman citiz5%ip4 ,/4 ,paul's exp]i5ces1 !re=e1 _h prep>$ him to 'appeal unto ,caes>1' & to expect ju/ice #abb & fre$om = himself & 8 cause4 ,ev5 ! beg9n+s ( ! exp]i5ce ( imp]ial ho/ility & p]secution did n qua% or ev5 weak5 ?is attitude 9 ,/4 ,pet]#aj4 ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul idealize ! empire almo/ z if x c\ld d no wrong1 & ! righte\s _h no?+ to fe> f x4 ,( c\rse1 :5 ?is expectation _h be5 rudely %att]$--:5 ! imp]ial au?ority _h come *iefly to mean ! p]secution ( ! sa9ts--an opposite sort ( idealism takes place1 & ,rome appe>s z ! great 'bea/' ( viol5ce 9 ! ,apocalypse ( ,john4 ,bo? idealizations repres5t tru?--! tru? ( :at ! ,/ate is meant to be on ! "o side1 & ( :at x may become on ! o!r4 ,b aft] consid]able exp]i5ce ( p]secution1 ,clem5t ( ,rome is /ill full ( admiration = ! div9e ord] ( ! imp]ial rule1 & recognizes ! duty ( ob$i5ce to 8 'rul]s & gov]nors ^u e>?1' side by side ) ! duty ( ob$i5ce to ',god's almighty & mo/ excell5t "n'2 & z x is ,god :o has giv5 ! rul]s _! au?ority1 he prays = grace to submit to !m1 & (f]s ri* pray] = _! welf>e & t ( ! empire4 ,& ! _s liv$ on 9 ! ,*ri/ian #abc *ur* ?r\gh all ! p]secutions1 & ! apologi/s = ,*ri/ianity lov$ to prote/ _! loyalty to ! empire1 & to ?9k ( _! *ur* z '! s\l ( ! _w1' ma9ta9+ x by pray] & virtue 9 ! mid/ ( impiety & corruption4 ,9 ,engl& ?is passage has (t5 be5 put to two conspicu\sly unju/ifiable uses4 ,fir/1 x 0 ! /ronghold ( ! ma9ta9]s ( '! div9e "r ( k+s' & ( 'passive ob$i5ce4' ,9 reality x ass]ts ! div9e "r ( civil au?ority1 b n ( any p>ticul> k9d ( civil au?ority4 ,inde$ ! gov]nm5t ( ! empire 0 /ill nom9ally a republic 9 its fundam5tal =ms1 ?\gh x 0 becom+ a despotism 9 fact4 ,& suppos+ ! s5ate & p _h--z is ( c\rse conceivable--reass]t$ _! au?ority ov] _! 'emp]ors1' or milit>y (fic]s1 ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( div9e "r w\ld h af=d$ no guidance z to :i* ( ! claimants to au?ority _h ! div9e w on its side4 ,:at is b>ely ass]t$ is ! div9e "r ( ! exi/+ civil au?ority1 democratic or regal4 ,& :ile our passage exalts ! normal duty ( ob$i5ce1 x sugge/s no answ] to ! "q--,is !re n a po9t :]e a gov]nm5t s manife/ly fails to #abd ma9ta9 ! div9e ord] 9 ! _w1 or to repres5t ! w ( ,god & ! be/ int]e/s ( ! p1 t x des]ves to be put an end to8 ,at su* a po9t ,*ri/ianity c only s]ve to re9=ce ! natural in/9cts ( ju/ice & "r4 ,& aga91 ! words1 '! p[]s t be are orda9$ ( ,god3 !re=e he t resi/e? ! p[] )/&e? ! ord9ance ( ,god1' h (t5 be5 us$ 9 ,engl& to ju/ify a claim on behalf ( ! ,/ate to co]ce & gov]n ! ,*ur* & ! consci5ces ( m5 9 spiritual matt]s4 ,b su* an idea is utt]ly ali5 to ! m9d ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,9 ! matt]s :i* conc]n our spiritual salvation1 ! au?ority :i* is to discipl9e & control u is ! b9d+ & loos+1 absolv+ & reta9+1 au?ority :i* is entru/$ n to ! ,/ate1 b to ! ,*ur*4 ,attempts are record$ 9 hi/ory on ! "p ( ! ,/ate to cru% out ! ,*ur*1 & on ! "p ( ! ,*ur* to usurp ! au?ority ( ! ,/ate & use its weapons4 ,su* attempts1 we tru/1 belong to pa/ hi/ory4 ,an attempt1 too1 specially id5tifi$ ) ,engl&1 has be5 made to id5tify a national ,*ur* & ,/ate z only diff]5t aspects ( ! same society1 s t ! gov]nm5t ( ! national ,*ur* c be m #abe or less fus$ 9 t ( ! ,/ate4 ,b :atev] may be said ( su* an attempt 9 ! pa/1 9 our mod]n ,engl& ! pla9 facts ( ! political & religi\s situation are flatly repugnant to x2 & !re c evid5tly be no reasonable religi\s gov]nm5t 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& till x is conduct$ aga9 9 ob$i5ce to ! fundam5tal ,*ri/ian pr9ciple t our national & local ,*ur* is "p ( a great ca?olic society1 :i* ,*ri/ end[$ ) an indep5d5t spiritual au?ority1 & a law & con/itution & m9i/]s ( its own4 ,! ,/ate may ne$ an e/abli%$ national *ur* z mu* z ev] to enable x to fulfil its highe/ functions1 b any ',e/abli%m5t' 9 ^! days mu/ be consi/5t ) ! fulle/ recognition ( ! spiritual & political lib]ties ( ^? memb]s ( ! ,/ate :o belong to o!r religi\s bodies1 & also mu/ be bas$ ^u recognition t ! ,*ur* & ,/ate are fundam5tally di/9ct1 & relatively indep5d5t societies4 ,b x behoves u ,*ur*m51 n only to ass]t ! spiritual lib]ties ( ! ,*ur*1 b also to realize a great deal m fully ?an we d1 ! div9e au?ority ( ! civil m9i/]s & civil laws 9 _! own dep>tm5t4 ,! ,/ate #abf exi/s to embody & repres5t 9 ! _w ! div9e ju/ice1 :i* is to be ! basis ( ! gov]nm5t ( m54 ,its m9i/]s--magi/rates1 legislators1 (fic]s ( ju/ice--are ',god's m9i/]s'3 laws :i* are pass$ by ! ,/ate 9 fulfilm5t ( its div9e mission--laws int5d$ to ma9ta9 ! heal? & prosp]ity ( ! p z a :ole--h a div9e sanction2 & we ,*ur*m5 c only be :at ! ,*ur* %\ld be1 '! s\l ( ! _w1' if we make x a matt] ( consci5ce1 a great deal m delib]ately ?an x is at pres5t ) mo/ ( u1 to aid vigor\sly 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! good laws :i* already exi/1 national & municipal1 & to promote intellig5tly & en?usia/ically ! purposes ( civil gov]nm5t by help+ t[>ds bett] laws2 s t our gov]nm5t1 z a :ole1 may become a cont9ually complet] image ( ! equitable & imp>tial righte\sness ( ,god4 #a ,cf4 #b ,pet4 i4 #g1 ',9 y\r love ( ! bre?r5 supply love1' i4e4 let ! temp] br$ inside ! clos] bond ( ,*ri/ian fell[%ip ext5d itself univ]sally4 #b ,deut4 xvii4 #ae1 ',?\ maye/ n put a =eign] ov] !e1 :i* is n ?y bro!r4' #c ,acts xviii4 #b4 ',claudius _h comm&$ all ! ,jews to dep>t f ,rome1' cf4 ,suetonius1 ,claud4 #be4 ',! ,jews :o _h be5 p]si/5tly break+ into di/urbances at ! in/igation ( ,*re/us 7,*ri/87 he expell$ f ,rome4' ,we _c c]ta9ly expla9 ^! words1 b ,/4 ,paul knew all ab\t ! occurr5ce f ,priscilla & ,aquila1 :om ! expulsion _h br\ght across 8 pa? at ,cor9?4 #d ,acts xvii4 #g4 #e #a ,!ss4 iv4 #aa2 v4 #ad2 #b ,!ss4 iii4 #f4 #f ,j]4 xxix4 #g2 cf4 #a ,tim4 ii4 #b4 #g #a ,pet4 i4 #aa4 ,! ^w = su* a 'settlem5t ( /rang]s1' p>oecia1 has become1 by a sugge/ive hi/ory1 our 'p>i%4' #h ,cf4 #b ,!ss4 ii4 #f4 ',t :i* re/ra9e?' ! outbreak ( lawlessness is 7almo/ c]ta9ly7 ! empire1 & 'he t re/ra9e?' 7v]4 #g7 ! emp]or4 #i ,acts v4 #bi4 #aj #a ,pet4 ii4 #ac-ag4 #abg ,,division ,v4 #d4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 #h-aj4 ,! summ>y debt4 ,*ri/ians are will+ly to pay tribute & tax z a debt1 a ?+ due 9 ,god's sight to ,8 m9i/]s4 ,b ?is obligation is a specim5 ( innum]able obligations :i* we owe to our 'neighb\rs'--debts only limit$ by human ne$4 ,& ! ,*ri/ian is to take a wide view ( 8 obligations1 & to let !re be no legitimate claim ^u him unfulfill$1 no debt unpaid1 except ! "o :i* a man ought always to be pay+ & /ill to be ow+1 = x is inf9ite--! debt ( love4 ,"h1 9 lov+ ea* o!r man ) ! same real reg>d to 8 p]sonal int]e/s z we devote to our own1 is ! satisfaction ( ! moral law4 ,all ! p>ticul> 'comm&m5ts'--^? ( ! ,second ,table1 & any o!r !re may be--are compreh5d$ 9 ?is "o4 ,= love c d no h>m to any o!r1 & c !re=e break no comm&m5t4 #abh ,owe no man any?+1 save to love "o ano!r3 = he t love? 8 neighb\r ha? fulfill$ ! law4 ,= ?is1 ,?\ %alt n commit adult]y1 ,?\ %all n kill1 ,?\ %alt n /eal1 ,?\ %alt n covet1 & if !re be any o!r comm&m5t1 x is summ$ up 9 ?is ^w1 namely1 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself4 ,love worke? no ill to 8 neighb\r3 love !re=e is ! fulfilm5t ( ! law4 ,/4 ,paul gives "h a v noticeable expansion to ! idea ( n be+ 9 debt4 ,9 its lit]al s5se we h all ( u a horror ( x1 at lea/ 9 !ory4 ',no debtor's h&s are clean ,h[ev] :ite !y be4' ,we mu/ bo? let t !oretic horror ( debt dom9ate our practice 9 money matt]s1 & also exp& our idea ( 'debts4' ,accord+ to ,*ri/'s tea*+1 ! prie/ & ,levite did n pay _! debt to _! ,sam>itan neighb\r1 because !y ?\ght him a /rang] ) no claim on !m4 ,dives ignor$ 8 ri* man's debt to ,laz>us4 ,( ^? :o are to appe> on ! left h& ( ,*ri/'s judgem5t-seat1 ea* w be condemn$ because he nev] realiz$ 8 debt to ,*ri/ 9 ! p]sons ( all ^? :o _h ne$s to :i* he might h m9i/]$4 ,/4 ,paul1 z an apo/le1 ackn[l$g$ 8 debt #abi to all ! ,g5tile _w#a1 & we memb]s ( a *ur*1 ca?olic 9 idea1 b z yet s f> f ca?olic 9 fact--we ,engli%m51 memb]s ( an imp]ial & spread+ race1 responsible = ! "n ( ,*ri/ all ov] ! _w--h a port5t\s & lam5tably unfulfill$ debt to ! races ( ,africa & ,india1 & to ! :ole _w4 ,we c all ?9k ( manifold debts--to ! lonely :om we might visit1 ! misund]/ood :om we might sympa?ize )1 ! ignorant :om we might tea*1 ! weak & oppress$ :om we might support & comb9e1 ! s9ful :om we might conv]t & e/abli% 9 good liv+2 s _m debts to family & fri5ds2 s _m debts to ,engli%m5 & fell[ ,*ri/ians1 to ,africans & ,asiatics4 ,is x n bewild]+ ev5 to attempt to realize our debts8 ,& yet1 let a man make a beg9n+1 & all w be well4 ,let him /eadily set himself to behave t[>ds ^? :om he employs or ^? :o employ him1 t[>ds 8 dome/ic s]vants or 8 ma/]s1 t[>ds railway port]s & %op assi/ants & o!rs :o m9i/] to 8 conv5i5ce1 z be+ m5 & wom5 ) ! same "r to c\rte\s treatm5t1 & to a real opportunity to #acj make ! be/ ( !mselves1 z he has himself2 let him /eadily refuse to 'exploit' ^? imm$iately conc]n$ ) him1 or treat !m z m]ely means to 8 ends or in/rum5ts ( 8 conv5i5ce2 let him ?us realize 8 debts to 8 ne>e/ 'neighb\rs1' & ! :ole idea ( humanity1 ( bro!rhood1 w be deep5$ & made real to him4 ,s]v+ ! few1 he w come to s]ve ! _m4 ,8 pray]s w g be=e 8 actions1 & enl>ge _! scope4 ,he w get a habit ( consid]at5ess & ?\ghtfulness = o!rs1 z belong+ to ,*ri/1 :i* w express itself habitually t[>ds all1 & especially ! weak4 ,8 'neighb\r' w come to mean1 z 9 our ,"l's p>able & 9 ,/4 ,paul's expression 9 ?is place1 any 'o!r man#b4' ,& 9 our days :5 ! old p]sonal relations ( ma/]s to work]s h be5 s l>gely m]g$ 9 ! relation ( companies to unions or to m5 & wom5 9 masses1 we %all nev] all[ ourselves to =get t comb9ations are comb9ations ( individuals1 & t nei!r individual responsibility1 nor responsibility = ! individual1 c be oblit]at$ by union or by numb]s4 ,/4 ,paul1 we notice1 is "h pla9ly #aca reproduc+ our ,"l's say+ ab\t love & ! law#c2 & he w\ld seem to h ! tea*+ ( ! p>able ab\t ! ,good ,sam>itan 9 8 m9d2 z 9 ! previ\s section ! say+ ',r5d] unto ,caes> ! ?+s t are ,caes>'s1' & 9 ! end ( ! prec$+ "o 7xii4 #ad1 #ai7 ! prohibition ( v5geance & ! injunction ( love to enemies 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,/4 ,paul's e?ical tea*+ is 9 fact f\nd to be ?r\gh\t bas$ on our ,"l's1 :e!r our ,"l's words 7 ) him 9 a writt5 =m or came to him simply 9 ! oral tradition4 ,& we d well to rememb]1 z we read ?is famili> passage1 t "h is ! c5tre & k]nel ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is ! revelation ( a new & univ]sal duty1 bas$ on a reveal$ relation%ip ( all m5 to a common ,fa!r3 ! duty :i* lies ^u all m5 ( lov+ all m51 because ,god loves all m5 ) a fa!r's love1 or r because ,god is love1 & only by ! life ( love c we %>e ,8 fell[%ip#d4 ,! #acb ,*ri/ian 'en?usiasm = humanity' has ?us its roots 9 a disclosure ( ! "* ( ,god1 & ( ,8 m9d t[>ds e man4 #a ,rom4 i4 #ad4 #b v]4 #h1 '8 neighb\rs'3 m>g91 '! o!r4' #c ,matt4 xxii4 #dj2 cf4 ,gal4 v4 #ad1 & ,james ii4 #h4 #d ,x has be5 commonly said t ,*ri/ianity almo/ creat$ a new ^w to express ! new duty4 ,b ?is n[ appe>s n to be /rictly ! case4 ,agape1 love1 is a ^w unkn[n inde$ to classical writ]s1 b x is f\nd 9 ! popul> spee* ( ,alex&ria 9 ! second c5tury ,b4,c4 ,see ,deissmann1 ,bibel/udi5 7,m>burg1 #ahie71 p4 #hj4 7,i 0 ref]r$ to ?is "w by ,dr4 ,b]n>d1 ,pa/oral ,epi/les1 p4 #bd47 ,h5ce1 i4e4 f ! popul> spee* ( ,greek ,egypt1 x pass$ into ! ,greek ,bible & s into ,*ri/ianity4 #acc ,,division ,v4 #e4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 #aa-ad4 ,! approa* ( ! day4 ,& ! motive = pay+ our debts1 9 ?is wide s5se1 is t we mu/ 'agree ) our adv]s>y quickly1 :ile we are ) him 9 ! way1' = ! day ( acc\nt is at h&4 ,?is worldly _w lies asleep to ! spiritual realities1 b its %ort night--! "t ( d>kness--is ne>ly ov]4 ,! great deliv]ance is ne>] to u ?an :5 we fir/ became ,*ri/ians4 ,! day ( ! ,"l is almo/ dawn+4 ,let u see to x !n t all t is only fit = ! d>kness is /ripp$ (f u3 t we are suitably equipp$ = ! day1 s t :5 x sudd5ly dawns x %all n put u to %ame4 ,s5sual lu/s & loveless passions indulg$--gross s9s1 su* z none ( ! ,*ri/ian communities _h q got rid (--w appe> improp] conduct inde$ :5 ! sun rises4 ,& !re is only "o g>m5t prop] = ! day2 x is ! g>m5t ( ,*ri/'s righte\sness1 or r ( ,*ri/ ,himself1 ) :om we mu/ inve/ #acd ourselves4 ,z = our l[] nature1 x is to be our s]vant m]ely--n a ma/]1 ^: clamor\s dem&s we are to /udy to satisfy4 ',& ?is1 kn[+ ! season1 t n[ x is high "t = y to awake out ( sleep3 = n[ is salvation ne>] to u ?an :5 we fir/ believ$4 ,! night is f> sp5t1 & ! day is at h&3 let u !re=e ca/ (f ! works ( d>kness1 & let u put on ! arm\r ( light4 ,let u walk hone/ly1 z 9 ! day2 n 9 revell+ & drunk5ness1 n 9 *amb]+ & wantonness1 n 9 /rife & jeal\sy4 ,b put ye on ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & make n provision = ! fle%1 to fulfil ! lu/s !re(4 ,/4 ,paul1 no d\bt1 0 /ill 9 eag] expectation ( ! imm$iate second com+ ( ,*ri/2 & t expectation has prov$ mi/ak54 ,n[ our ,"l pla9ly did n mean ,8 disciples to "k :5 ,8 judgem5t 0 to be made manife/1 & ,/4 ,paul app>5tly recogniz$ ?is#a1 s t 8 imm$iate anticipation ( ! end c nev] h be5 "p ( 8 fai?--nev] m ?an ! reflection ( ! eag] desire :i* fill$ ! he>t ( ! ,*ur*4 ,on ! o!r h&1 our ,"l did mean ,8 disciples to g on expect+ ,him4 ,?us #ace ,/4 ,paul's admonition is z applicable n[ z ev]4 ,! future ( ! _w & ( ea* nation & in/itution is prec>i\s3 ?+s :i* seem solid & /rong may crumble & melt2 h[ soon ,god is to make pla9 ,8 judgem5ts1 9 "p or on ! :ole1 we d n "k2 :5 ea* "o ( u is to pass by dea? to ! great acc\nt we d n "k4 ,!re is no reasonable attitude t[>ds ! unkn[n com+ ( judgem5t except to be ready1 &1 ?\gh ! d>kness ( ! ali5at$ & godless _w is all ar\nd u1 to live z *ildr5 ( ! light eag]ly expect+ ! dawn+ ( ! day#b4 ,& to meet ,*ri/ we mu/ be l ,*ri/4 ,& to be l ,*ri/ we mu/ be 9 ,*ri/1 clo!d ) ,8 righte\sness1 inve/$ ) ,8 new nature1 fight+ ) ! weapons ( ,8 victori\s manhood4 ,! 'evil' :i* is 9 ourselves1 ! unregulat$ fle%1 we c only 'ov]come ) good'--! good :i* is ,jesus ,himself3 = x is no long] we t live 9 our b>e selves1 b ,*ri/ t live? 9 u4 ,we are baptiz$ into ,him1 we possess ,8 _s1 we eat ,8 fle% & dr9k ,8 blood4 ,:at rema9s is practically to clo! ourselves 9 #acf ,him#c1 appropriat+ & draw+ out into ourselves by acts ( our w ,8 v pres5t help 9 tr\ble4 ,s c we become l ,him1 & be fitt$ to see ,him z ,he is#d4 ,?is passage play$ a memorable "p 9 ,/4 ,augu/9e's life2 = :5 ! *ild's voice _h bidd5 him 'op5 & read1' ^! 7 ! words ^u :i* he op5$1 & :i* seal$ 8 conv]sion to ! fai? he s]v$ s nobly--'n 9 riot+ & drunk5ness1 444 b put ye on ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4' ',i _h no wi%1' he tells u1 'to read any fur!r1 nor 0 !re any ne$4 ,= imm$iately at ! end ( ?is s5t5ce1 z if a light ( c]ta9ty _h be5 p\r$ into my he>t1 all ! %ad[s ( d\bt 7 scatt]$#e4' #a #a ,!ss4 v4 #a3 ',! day ( ! ,"l s come? z a ?ief 9 ! night4' ,to "k ?is is to h answ] en\gh to que/ions ab\t ! times & seasons ( ! com+ 7v4 #a74 #b ,x is int]e/+ to comp>e ?is passage ) ! closely simil> "o ( ,!ss4 v4 #a-d4 ,cf4 ,eph4 v4 #ad ff42 vi4 #aa4 #c ,*ri/ is 'put on' 9 baptism by all1 ,gal4 iii4 #bg2 b we all /ill ne$ to appropriate :at we h receiv$1 & s 'put ,him on' = ourselves2 cf4 ,eph4 iv4 #bd2 ,col4 iii4 #ab4 #d ,see app4 note ,g1 p4 #bch1 = an admirable pray] by ,j]emy ,taylor bas$ on ?is ?\ght4 #e ,conf4 viii4 #ab4 #acg ,,division ,v4 #f4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 #a-bc4 ,mutual tol]ation4 ,/4 ,paul's practical exhortations %[ no def9ite s*eme1 b fl[ out ( "o ano!r 9 a natural sequ5ce4 ,he began ) ! fundam5tal moral disposition requir$ by life 9 ! ,*ri/ian community 7xii74 ,he proce$$ to ! relation betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian community & ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w outside 7xiii4 #a-g74 ,?is l$ him to lay brief & vigor\s emphasis ^u ! univ]sal range ( ,*ri/ian obligation 7#h-aj71 & ! motive :i* is to make ,*ri/ians zeal\s 9 ris+ to its fulfilm5t 7#aa-ad74 ,n[#a he comes back to ! difficulties :i* arise among ,*ri/ians--! difficulties 9 actually liv+ toge!r z memb]s ( ! same community--difficulties on ^? small po9ts ( religi\s obs]vance :i* seem s unimportant #ach 9 ! ab/ract1 & :i*1 9 ! actual exp]i5ce ( int]c\rse1 prove to be s t]ribly important1 & s easily give rise to a 'crisis 9 ! ,*ur*4' ,h[ 7 ! reasonably-m9d$ majority#b1 :o ?\ght t all k9ds ( food 7 morally indiff]5t1 to behave t[>ds ! scrupul\s :o w\ld only eat vegetables8 ,h[ 7 ^? ,*ri/ians1 :o recogniz$ no di/9ction betwe5 "o day & ano!r1 to behave t[>ds p :o /ill held ! m9d ( ! writ] ( ,ecclesia/icus1 t '"s days ,god _h exalt$ & hall[$1 & "s he _h made ord9>y days#c'8 ,! problem ( 'lawful meats' _h (t5 be5 be=e ! e>ly ,*ri/ians4 ,x c\ld n b h be5 s1 see+ t ^? among !m1 :o _h pass$ "u ,jewi% influ5ces _h be5 br\ght "u a sy/em 9 :i* ! di/9ction betwe5 clean & unclean meats _h be5 rigor\sly obs]v$4 ,true1 our ,"l _h 'made all meats clean#d1' z ,he _h op5$ ! k+dom ( heav5 to all believ]s4 ,& ! vision :i* reassur$ ,/4 ,pet] on ! #aci latt] po9t1 & =bade him 'to call any man common or unclean#e1' 0 express$ 9 a =m :i* impli$ t ! same pr9ciple w\ld apply to food4 ,b ?is fundam5tal ca?olic pr9ciple1 9 its %>p opposition to ,jewi% p>ticul>ism1 0 n accept$ )\t a /ruggle at e po9t4 ,h[ hotly1 = a "t1 ! /ruggle rag$1 we dimly p]ceive 9 ! n>rative ( ! ,acts1 & especially 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/le to ! ,galatians#f4 ,b at ! ,j]usalem conf]5ce ! fundam5tal ca?olic pr9ciple 0 unmi/akably reaffirm$4 ,g5tiles 7 to be admitt$ to bro!rhood )\t circumcision or ! keep+ ( ! law4 ,h5ce=? !n ! reaction>ies _h no gr\nd to /& on4 ,! law ( clean & unclean meats _h gone ) ! re/ ( ! ,jewi% laws4 ,b :ile ! ,g5tiles won a complete victory on ! ma9 pr9ciple1 !y 7 requir$ by ! apo/olic c\ncil to make concessions to ,jewi% habits 9 eat+1 su* z c\ld n affect ! ma9 pr9ciple4 ,!y 7 to eat meat kill$ 9 ! ,jewi% mann]1 ) ! blood ?or\ghly dra9$ out4 ,?is 9 itself w\ld probably exclude !m f #adj ! ,g5tile %ambles1 :]e also mu* ( ! meat :i* 0 = sale w\ld h be5 (f]$ to idols#g4 ,by ! obs]vance ( su* a concession1 !n1 ,jew & ,g5tile 7 to live & eat toge!r 9 peace4 ,! actual enactm5t ( ! ,j]usalem conf]5ce _h a limit$ application to ! ,g5tile ,*ri/ians ( ,antio* & ,syria & ,cilicia#h4 ,b ! pr9ciple 0 a vital & univ]sal "o3 to hold firm ! ca?olic or 'indiff]5ti/' pr9ciple1 b to make concessions = love's sake & to facilitate mutual fell[%ip4 ,& ?is same pr9ciple ,/4 ,paul soon _h reason to apply aga9 at ,cor9?4 ,!re ! problem 0 n--,h[ c\ld ,jew & ,g5tile live & eat toge!r8 b ,h[ f> c\ld ,g5tiles1 :o _h become ,*ri/ians1 associate ) ,g5tiles :o 7 /ill adh]5ts ( ! old religion1 & eat _! meats8 ,/4 ,paul1 9 answ]+ ?is "q = ! ,cor9?ians1 /rongly ass]ts ! indiff]5ti/ pr9ciple--t meat ( all k9ds is ,god's gift & good1 & t x c h contract$ no moral pollution ?r\gh any idolatr\s c]emony to :i* x has be5 subject$4 ,no que/ions1 !re=e1 are to be ask$ z to its antec$5ts4 ,9 ?is physical s5se meats :i* _h be5 #ada (f]$ to idols might be freely eat54 ,b :5 su* eat+ c\ld d h>m1 :51 = in/ance1 "o man po9ts out to ano!r t a p>ticul> portion ( food has be5 "p ( a sacrifice1 & x is pla9 he w be sc&aliz$ by ! eat+ ( x1 !n ! o!r mu/ ab/a9#i1 re/rict+ 8 own lawful lib]ty = *>ity & ,*ri/ian bro!rhood's sake4 ,n[ ,/4 ,paul _h he>d ( a new =m ( ! old difficulty at ,rome#aj4 ,!re 0 a ,jewi% asceticism--simil> to :at is f\nd frequ5tly among ori5tals1 & 0 practis$ 9 ,europe among ! ,py?agoreans--:i* requir$ m5 to ab/a9 f animal food altoge!r & f w9e4 ,su* 0 probably ! rule ( ! ,ess5es 9 ,pale/9e#aa1 z ( ! ,!rapeutae 9 ,egypt1 & su* 01 accord+ to a v e>ly au?ority1 ! rule ( ,/4 ,james1 ! ,"l's bro!r4 ,su* a practice1 !n1 _h f\nd fav\r among a m9ority ( ,*ri/ians at ,rome4 ,& #adb ,/4 ,paul 9 ! passage we are n[ to /udy1 9 pr9ciple pla9ly approves ( ! indiff]5ti/ practice ( ! majority4 ,he kn[s1 & is p]suad$ 9 ! ,"l ,jesus1 t no?+ is unclean ( itself4 ,x is1 he implies1 a weak & unduly scrupul\s consci5ce :i* makes m5 veget>ians4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ?is weak] bro!r--?is man ) less cle> p]ception ( ,*ri/ian pr9ciple 9 ! matt]--mu/ 9 no way be ali5at$4 ,he is to be made welcome4 ,!re is no obligation ^u him to eat meat4 ,god laid no su* requirem5t ^u him :5 he became a ,*ri/ian4 ',god receiv$ him4' ,! ,*ur* mu/ cont9ue ! l lib]ality1 & n ev5 seek to pron\nce judgem5t 9 ! matt]4 ,9 life & dea? ea* man is ,*ri/'s s]vant1 & is responsible to ,god = :at he does or does n d4 ,!re=e let ea* man simply be fai?ful to 8 own consci5ce be=e ,god 9 ?is matt]1 s t :atev] he eats he c 'say 8 grace1' or 'give ?anks1' ) a good consci5ce2 & let him be respectfully tol]ant ( 8 bro!r's practice--! /rong n despis+ ! weak1 nor ! weak judg+ & condemn+ ! /rong4 ,s f> = lib]ty4 ,b if1 by us+ our lib]ty to eat meat1 we are f\nd to run a risk ( really #adc tr\bl+ our bro!r1 or ev5 7:at is worse7 lead+ him to act aga9/ 8 consci5ce & eat :at he feels he ought n#ab1 !n we mu/ ab/a94 ,?is becomes matt] ( "* & peaceable fell[%ip & spiritual joy1 & ^! are ! really mat]ial ?+s 9 ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,soon] ?an d injury to ?is really div9e cause1 soon] ?an be a h9drance to 8 bro!r1 ! ,*ri/ian _h bett] will+ly ab/a9 altoge!r f fle% & w9e too4 ,9 pass+ ,/4 ,paul _h notic$ ano!r indiff]5t matt] besides ! eat+ ( meats4 ,x 0 ! obs]vance ( days4 ,/4 ,paul und\bt$ly consid]$ t all di/9ction ( high days & common days1 all di/9ction ( ! sabba? f o!r days1 _h be5 9 pr9ciple aboli%$ by ,*ri/ianity4 ,= ,g5tile ,*ri/ians1 l ! ,galatians1 to be 'obs]v+ 7,jewi%7 days1 & mon?s1 & seasons1 & ye>s#ac1' is to %[ a mis]able disposition to fall back ^u a sup]annuat$ legal idea ( religion--to fall back f ! religion ( ! ,_s to ! religion ( ! lett]2 f ! sub/ance to ! #add %ad[4 ,= ! ,*ri/ian1 9 fundam5tal pr9ciple1 !re are no 'sacr$ days1' = all days are indiff]5tly sacr$4 ,z in/ruct$ ,*ri/ian m5 c\ld eat all meats1 s !y c\ld reg>d all days z on ! same level 9 ,god's sight4 ,b all ,*ri/ians _h n ! full p]ception ( pr9ciple4 ,among ! ,galatians1 inde$1 ! t5d5cy to obs]ve days is view$ m sev]ely z "p ( a g5]al reaction>y t5d5cy4 ,b at ,rome x appe>s to h repres5t$ simply ! practice ( a h>mless1 if imp]fectly enlight5$1 m9ority1 & ,/4 ,paul m]ely ranks x among ?+s indiff]5t1 :i* are to be frankly tol]at$4 ,x is to be purely left to ! individual consci5ce4 ,) ^! prelim9>y explanations--:i* 9 ?is case w s]ve our purpose bett] ?an an analysis--we c read ?is section )\t exp]i5c+ any great difficulty4 ,b him t is weak 9 fai? receive ye1 yet n to d\btful disputations#ad4 ,"o man ha? fai? to eat all ?+s3 b he t is weak eate? h]bs4 ,let n him t eate? set at n\ght him t eate? n2 & let n him t eate? n judge him t eate?3 = ,god ha? #ade receiv$ him4 ,:o art ?\ t judge/ ! s]vant ( ano!r8 to 8 own "l he /&e? or falle?4 ,yea1 he %all be made to /&2 = ! ,"l ha? p[] to make him /&4 ,"o man e/eeme? "o day above ano!r3 ano!r e/eeme? e day alike4 ,let ea* man be fully assur$ 9 8 own m9d4 ,he t reg>de? ! day1 reg>de? x unto ! ,"l3 & he t eate?1 eate? unto ! ,"l1 = he give? ,god ?anks2 & he t eate? n1 unto ! ,"l he eate? n1 & give? ,god ?anks4 ,= none ( u live? to himself1 & none die? to himself4 ,= :e!r we live1 we live unto ! ,"l2 or :e!r we die1 we die unto ! ,"l3 :e!r we live !re=e1 or die1 we are ! ,"l's4 ,= to ?is end ,*ri/ di$1 & liv$ aga91 t he might be ,"l ( bo? ! dead & ! liv+4 ,b ?\1 :y do/ ?\ judge ?y bro!r8 or ?\ aga91 :y do/ ?\ set at n\ght ?y bro!r8 = we %all all /& be=e ! judgem5t-seat ( ,god4 ,= x is writt51 ,z ,i live1 sai? ! ,"l1 to me e knee %all b[1 ,& e tongue %all confess to ,god#ae4 ,s !n ea* "o ( u %all give acc\nt ( himself to ,god4 ,let u n !re=e judge "o ano!r any m3 b judge ye ?is r1 t no man put a /umbl+block 9 8 bro!r's way1 or an occasion ( fall+4 ,i "k1 & am p]suad$ 9 ! ,"l ,jesus1 t no?+ is unclean ( itself3 save t to him :o acc\nte? any?+ to be unclean1 to him x is unclean4 ,= if because ( meat ?y bro!r is griev$1 ?\ walke/ no long] 9 love4 ,de/roy n ) ?y meat him = :om ,*ri/ di$4 ,let n !n y\r good be evil spok5 (3 = ! k+dom ( ,god is n eat+ & dr9k+1 b righte\sness & peace & joy 9 ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,= he t h]e9 #adf s]ve? ,*ri/ is well-pleas+ to ,god1 & approv$ ( m54 ,s !n let u foll[ aft] ?+s :i* make = peace1 & ?+s :]eby we may edify "o ano!r4 ,ov]?r[ n = meat's sake ! "w ( ,god4 ,all ?+s inde$ are clean2 h[beit x is evil = t man :o eate? ) (f5ce4 ,x is good n to eat fle%1 nor to dr9k w9e1 nor to d any?+ :]eby ?y bro!r /umble?4 ,! fai? :i* ?\ ha/1 h ?\ to ?yself be=e ,god4 ,happy is he t judge? n himself 9 t :i* he approve?4 ,b he t d\bte? is condemn$ if he eat1 because he eate? n ( fai?2 & :atsoev] is n ( fai? is s94 #a4 ,accord+ to ,/4 ,paul a ca?olic *ur* ought to mean a tol]ant *ur*1 & a 'good ca?olic' a l>ge-he>t$ ,*ri/ian4 ,if m5 ( all races1 ) all sorts ( traditional in/9cts & habits1 7 to live toge!r 9 close social cohesion 9 ! ,*ri/ian community--& t 0 ess5tial--?is mu/ involve mu* mutual =be>ance1 mu* self-re/ra9t1 & delib]ate tol]ation ( diff]5ces#af4 ,/4 ,paul pla9ly n m]ely uses1 b loves1 ! language ( tol]ation4 ',"o man eate?1 ano!r man eate? n1' ',"o man e/eeme? "o day above ano!r2 ano!r e/eeme? e day alike4 ,let ea* man be fully assur$ 9 8 own m9d1' ',receive ye him 444 n ) a view to decisions ( disput$ que/ions4' ,?or\ghly 9 ,/4 ,paul's _s is #adg ! famili> say+ '9 necess>y ?+s unity3 9 ^? less ?an necess>y lib]ty3 9 all ?+s *>ity#ag4' ,9 necess>y ?+s unity4 ,to ,/4 ,paul ?is pr9ciple meant a cle> limit to tol]ation4 ,!re is a common tea*+ :i* lies at ! basis ( ! ,*ur* :i* mu/ n be int]f]$ )1 :i* is /rictly necess>y4 ',?\gh we1 or an angel f heav51 %\ld prea* unto y any gospel o!r ?an t :i* we prea*$ unto y1 let him be ana!ma#ah4' ',h[ say "s among y t !re is no resurrection ( ! dead8 ,b if !re is no resurrection ( ! dead1 nei!r ha? ,*ri/ be5 rais$3 & if ,*ri/ ha? n be5 rais$1 !n is our prea*+ va91 y\r fai? also is va9#ai4' ,pla9ly !re is an ess5tial fundam5tal cre$ :i* mu/ n be trifl$ )4 ,! same is true ab\t ! moral law4 ,9 respect ( t also ! ,*ri/ian body mu/ ex]cise ^u its memb]s ! sev]ity ( judgem5t#bj1 t 'he t ha? done' ! evil de$ 'might be tak5 away f among !m1' or excommunicat$4 ,once m1 we _c conceive ,/4 ,paul mak+ ! necessity ( visible unity a second>y consid]ation#ba1 nor #adh ! recognition ( ! au?ority ( ! apo/olic m9i/ry :i* is to be ! c5tre ( unity1 nor ! sacram5ts1 :i* aga9 are n only means ( div9e grace to ! individual b in/rum5ts & bonds ( unity4 ,nor aga9 w\ld ,/4 ,paul und]value ! _s ( ob$i5ce to ! rules ( ! ,*ur*4 ,he hates ! _s ( h]esy or sep>atism4 ',we h no su* cu/om1' he w\ld say to ! recalcitrant1 'nei!r ! *ur*es ( ,god#bb4' ,once aga91 ,/4 ,paul is prep>$ to let ev]y?+ turn on ev5 a small & uness5tial po9t1 if t po9t has become ! symbol ( a vital pr9ciple = good or evil4 ,?us1 9 itself1 'circumcision 0 no?+1' b :5 among ! ,galatians ! practice ( x came to mean a practical ,judaiz+--a practical ab&onm5t ( ! fundam5tal ,*ri/ian pr9ciple--!n ',behold1 ,i ,paul say unto y1 t1 if ye receive circumcision1 ,*ri/ w pr(it y no?+#bc4' ,"h1 !n1 are ,/4 ,paul's ess5tials1 z to :i* he is intol]ant--a fundam5tal tradition ( fai? & morals3 ! ma9t5ance ( ! unity ( ! body by means ( ! apo/olic /ew>d%ip1 & ?r\gh ! '"o baptism1' & ! '"o loaf'3 & ! _s ( due subord9ation #adi :i* is necess>y to corporate life4 ,b 9 a _s v unlike :at has at times become preval5t 9 ! ,*ur*1 he w\ld cle>ly m9imize ! action ( au?ority1 & leave l>ge room = ! free movem5t ( consci5ce 9 ,*ri/ians4 ',let u !re=e1 z _m z be p]fect1 be ?us m9d$3 & if 9 any?+ ye are o!rwise m9d$1 ev5 ?is %all ,god reveal unto y3 only1 :]eunto we h already atta9$1 by t same rule let u walk#bd4' ,surely x is n v difficult to apply ?is _s ( ,/4 ,paul to our own "t1 9 view ( ^? subord9ate po9ts :i* excite su* deep animosities4 ,m5 are by fundam5tal disposition1 9 great measure1 rituali/ or puritan1 ecclesia/ically or individually m9d$1 discipl9>ian or my/ical4 ,& ! ,*ur* %\ld lay on all a c]ta9 common law ( doctr9e & morals & wor%ip1 suffici5t to keep !m all toge!r 9 "o body4 ,b1 consi/5tly ) ! coh]5ce ( ! body1 :y %\ld !re n be bo? an ornate & a b>e ritual ( wor%ip1 bo? societies ( /rict obs]vance & individual fre$om1 & a wide field ( op5 que/ions 9 :i* we d n ev5 expect 'decisions ( d\bts'8 ,in/ead ( my own reflections on ?is #aej subject ,i w ask my read]s' att5tion to ! foll[+ extracts f a sugge/ive book#be4 ',at all times !re are ^? to :om :at we may call ! m9or symbolism ( ritual is f> f be+ z helpful z x is to o!rs4 ,!re is ! greate/ div]sity "h4 ,modes ( wor%ip1 :i* repel "o man z bleak & b>e1 attract ano!r by _! v simplicity4 ,! div]sity is s natural & s obvi\s t x calls = nei!r apology nor explanation2 yet x is easily /ra9$ into a cause ( disruption4' ',/4 ,paul is speak+ ( /rong bre?r5 & ( weak2 ( ^? :o ne$ e>?ly guides & ( ^? :o d n2 ( ^? :o atta* high value to rules & =ms & helps2 & ( ^? = :om ord9ances h b little significance2 ( my/ics & discipl9>ians4' ',aga91 d we n /ill want a sci5tific !ology8 ,i mean a !ology :i* %\ld d :at any sci5tific treatise does4 ,x %\ld lay d[n cle>ly & pla9ly ! ess5tial conditions ( unity1 & z reg>ds ! uness5tial %\ld cont5t itself ) say+1 ,"h m5 diff]2 "o ?9ks ?us1 ano!r ?us4 444 ,ask y\rself1 ,:at is x t w c>ry me1 be+ #aea :at ,i am1 to heav58 ,:at is x w c>ry my bro!r "h1 :o is s unlike me1 to heav58 ,:at is x t w c>ry u bo? to heav58 ,!re y w f9d ! ess5tial4' ,/4 ,paul1 we obs]ve1 lays great /ress ^u hone/y ( consci5ce4 ,he wi%es m51 ev5 9 small matt]s1 s]i\sly to cultivate a consci5ce ( :at is "r1 z m5 %\ld d :o ev5 9 small ?+s expect a div9e judgem5t2 & s]i\sly also to cultivate ! faculty ( n int]f]+ ) _! bro!r's consci5ce4 7',ha/ ?\ fai?8 ,h x to ?yself4' ,d n p>ade y\r sup]ior enlight5m5t47 ,he is greatly afraid ( p lead+ o!rs1 or be+ l$ = m]e agreem5t's sake1 to d :at _! own consci5ce does n ju/ify4 ,& to d ev5 a good ?+ because ano!r does x :om we want to be l1 )\t ourselves feel+ sure x is good1 or ) a d\btful consci5ce#bf1 ?is1 ,/4 ,paul says1 is s94 ,?is w>n+ we really ne$ to lay to he>t 9 our age1 :5 fa%ion is su* a v /rong =ce 9 religion4 ,?is individual foll[s t individual & 'supposes x mu/ be all "r1 z e "o seems to d x'2 ?is congregation foll[s t #aeb congregation 9 adopt+ a popul> practice1 )\t its real basis & ju/ification be+ consid]$4 ,b fa%ion & ! influ5ce ( memb]s is a great dang] 9 religion4 ',let e man be fully assur$ 9 8 own m9d4' ',:atev] is n ( fai? is s9#bg4' #b4 ,pla9ly1 :5 ,/4 ,paul wrote 8 epi/les1 !re 0 no obs]vance ( a ,sabba? obligatory ^u ,*ri/ians#bh4 ,b 0 !re none ( ,sunday8 ',! fir/ day ( ! week' 0 already '! ,"l's day1' s f> z t ,*ri/ians :o c\ld n meet to 'break ! bread' e day1 met on t day specially to commemorate ! dea? ( _! ris5 ,"l till ,he %\ld come aga9#bi4 ,x 0 already suffici5tly di/9ctive = ,/4 ,paul to "n x z ! appropriate day = lay+ by alms = ! poor#cj4 ,b ^! special obs]vances ( x 7 n obligatory4 ,*ri/ians1 :5 !y c\ld meet e day1 might make _! eu*>i/ e day4 ,no su* obs]vance ( ,sunday 0 yet enjo9$ z 0 incompatible ) reg>d+ #aec all days ( ! week alike4 ,no?+ less ?an ?is c satisfy ,/4 ,paul's words4 ,9 pr9ciple1 z ,bi%op ,lightfoot said#ca1 '! k+dom ( ,*ri/ has no sacr$ days or seasons1 because e "t alike is holy4' ,yet ! bi%op adds1 'appo9t$ days are indisp5sable to h] effici5cy4' ,?is 0 soon f\nd to be ! case4 ,probably be=e ! end ( ! fir/ c5tury1 ! ,dida*e m5tions n only ! obs]vance ( ,sunday by ! eu*>i/ic s]vice1 b ! obs]vance also ( ! ,w$nesday & ,friday fa/s4 ,clem5t1 ab\t ! same date1 /rongly emphasizes ! pr9ciple ( ord] 9 place & "t1 z /ill belong+ to ,*ri/ian wor%ip4 ',!y1 !re=e1 t make _! (f]+ at ! appo9t$ seasons are acceptable & bless$4' ,! ,canons ( ,hippolytus %[ t by ! end ( ! second c5tury !re mu/ h be5 a great developm5t ( ecclesia/ical regulations1 s f> re/ra9+ ! individual #aed lib]ty ( ! e>lie/ days1 & t1 z f> z we "k1 )\t prote/ or s5se ( al>m4 ,nor ne$ ,/4 ,paul h be5 9 opposition to su* *ur* rules4 ,! _s ( regulation is /rong 9 him#cb4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is no d\bt t ! ,*ur* has n g5]ally1 "o might say has h>dly ev]1 be5 consci\s1 z ,/4 ,paul 01 ( ! dang] ( religi\s regulations z su*4 ,x is s mu* easi] to keep c]ta9 rules ?an to acquire & ma9ta9 a c]ta9 m9d & _s & pr9ciple ( action4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* ,/4 ,paul1 we feel1 w\ld v (t5 h be5 say+1 ',i am afraid ( y3 ! rules are good 9 !mselves1 b !re are dang]s atta*+ to all rules ( :i* y seem to be q unconsci\s4 ,!re is a l[] sort ( religion ( =ms & obs]vances1 & y may fall back into x z easily z ! ,galatians4' ,b aft] all1 rules = liv+ religi\sly1 private or ecclesia/ical1 are1 we all "k1 invaluable1 & practically necess>y4 ,a man or a *ur* t %\ld attempt to disp5se ) !m w\ld come to disa/]4 ,x is v difficult to fa?om ! dep? ( ! mis*ief t has come #aee ab\t 9 ! corporate social life ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 ?r\gh ! neglect ( ! surely mod]ate am\nt ( regulation :i* 0 provid$ = u by ! ,pray] ,book 9 ! way ( fe/ival & fa/ days & ( daily s]vice4 ,to keep a few simple1 intelligible1 religi\s rules all toge!r gives almo/ z mu* z a common cre$ ! feel+ ( social coh]5ce4 ,ev5 ! extreme/ ,paul9i/ ne$ h no fe> s long z ! ecclesia/ical regulations d n rea* ! po9t ( becom+ a burd5--s long z no "o c\ld be 9 dang] ( prid+ himself on 'acquir+ m]it' by _! m]e obs]vance2 & s long also z ! pr9ciple is kept cle>ly 9 view t '! rules 7 made = man & n man = ! rules4' ,b ,i d n ?9k !re c be any reasonable d\bt t ,/4 ,paul w\ld repudiate ! idea t any rules ( wor%ip & obs]vance1 o!r ?an ^? :i* are necess>ily involv$ 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! sacram5ts1 c obta9 by prescription a "r to p]man5ce4 ',!y may be *ang$ accord+ to ! div]sities ( c\ntries1 times1 & m5's mann]s4' ,!y 7 made = man2 & ! ,*ur* or ! *ur*es--) due reg>d to mutual fell[%ip--c modify or aboli% !m4 #aef #c4 ',ov]?r[ n = meat's sake ! "w ( ,god4' ',x is good n to eat fle% nor to dr9k w9e1 nor to d any?+ :]eby ?y bro!r /umble?4' ',:]e=e1 if meat make? my bro!r to /umble1 ,i w eat no fle% = ev]more1 t ,i make n my bro!r to /umble#cc4' ,"h is ! "r pr9ciple ( 'total ab/95ce' :i* does n d5y ! legitimate use ( :at x yet p]man5tly ab&ons = love's sake4 ,/4 ,paul w\ld h ,timo?y use a little w9e :5 x 0 = 8 heal?'s sake1 b :5 heal? 0 n 9 "q1 he w\ld h all m5 ask1 n h[ mu* lib]ty 9 ?is or t is lawful = !m1 b h[ !y c avoid caus+ (f5ce--h[ !y c d mo/ good4 ,?is pr9ciple admits ( application 9 _m directions4 ,= in/ance1 x may be v h>d to det]m9e :y c]ta9 m9or =ms ( gambl+ are wrong1 or :e!r !y are positively wrong4 ,b ,/4 ,paul w\ld h ! o!r "q ask$--,c x be d5i$ t ! be/ way to avoid lead+ my bro!r into "o ( ! mo/ common dang]s ( our "t1 is to keep altoge!r free f a habit :i* 9 any case c d no good to body or m9d8 #aeg #d4 ,"h1 z 9 x4 #g1 ,/4 ,paul t\*es ^u ! desc5t into ,hades1 & indicates ! purpose ( x4 ',= ?is end ,*ri/ di$1 t ,he might be ,"l ( ! dead4' ,x might h be5 imag9$ t ! dim realms ( ! dead 7 outside ! jurisdiction ( ,*ri/--t ! dead h no k+--t ! k+dom ( r$emption does n include !m4 ,to obviate su* an idea1 to %[ ! univ]sality ( ,8 realm1 ,*ri/ w5t d[n among ! dead4 #e4 ,9 _m places ( ! ,new ,te/am5t !re is m5tion ( ! ?anksgiv+ be=e food--! ,*ri/ian's 'say+ grace4' ,:e!r he eat fle% or vegetables he 'give? ,god ?anks#cd4' ,& ! ^w us$ is ! ^w :i*1 9 its sub/antive =m1 is 'eu*>i/4' ,& inde$ !re is mean+ 9 ?is4 ,! ?ankful reception by ! ,*ri/ian ( ! ord9>y bread ( 8 daily life z com+ f ,god1 t\*$ 8 common meals ) some?+ ( ! glory ( div9e communion2 & ! eu*>i/ 9 its turn #aeh is ! common bless+ & break+ ( ! bread1 rais$ by ! ,holy ,_s to a high] p[] & consecrat$ to become ! vehicle ( ! bread ( life#ce4 #a ,possibly 8 m9d passes by a natural reaction f ! ?\ght ( s5sual lic5ti\sness 7xiii4 #ac7 to t ( un5light5$ asceticism4 #b ,x is impli$ 7xiv4 #a2 xv4 #a & #g7 t ! /rong-m9d$ bre?r5 7 9 ! asc5dant4 ,x is !m *iefly to :om ,/4 ,paul addresses himself4 #c ,ecclus4 xxxiii4 #i4 #d ,m>k vii4 #ai4 #e ,acts x4 #bh4 #f ,! matt] ( 'eat+ ) ! ,g5tiles' 0 prom95t1 cf4 ii4 #ab4 #g #a ,cor4 x4 #be4 #h ,acts xv4 #bc4 #i #a ,cor4 viii1 & x4 #bc-cc4 #aj ,! exact po9t--ab/a9+ f all fle% meat--is s diff]5t f :at _h pres5t$ itself at ,cor9? t !re mu/ be a p>ticul> ref]5ce to ,roman circum/ances1 ( :i* ,/4 ,paul 0 probably in=m$ by ,priscilla & ,aquila4 #aa ,?is seems to foll[ f ,philo's /atem5t t !y did n make animal sacrifices3 & f ,josephus' description ( _! way ( life z ,py?agorean4 #ab ,cf4 #a ,cor4 viii4 #aj4 #ac ,gal4 iv4 #aj2 cf4 ,col4 ii4 #af1 #ag3 ',let no man !re=e judge y 9 meat1 or 9 dr9k1 or 9 respect ( a fea/ day or a new moon or a sabba? day3 :i* are a %ad[ ( ! ?+s to come2 b ! body is ,*ri/'s4' #ad ,or = decisions ( d\bts1 m>g4 ,?is1 or some?+ l ?is1 is ! "r mean+2 cf4 ,hebr4 v4 #ad3 '= decision betwe5 good & evil4' #a ,cor4 xii4 #aj3 'disc]n+s ( spirits1' i4e4 decisions z to _! true "*4 #ae ,f ,isa4 xlv4 #cc4 #af ,cf4 ,ephes4 pp4 #bga f4 #ag ,see app4 note ,h1 p4 #bci4 #ah ,gal4 i4 #h4 #ai #a ,cor4 xv4 #ab1 #ac4 #bj #a ,cor4 v4 #f #ba ,cf4 ,ephes4 p4 #abf4 #bb #a ,cor4 xi4 #af4 #bc ,gal4 v4 #b4 #bd ,phil4 iii4 #ae1 #af4 #be ,unity 9 ,div]sity1 by ,*>les ,bigg1 ,d4,d4 7,longmans1 #ahii71 pp4 #hd1 #he1 #ie4 #bf ',:atev] is n ( fai? is s9--t is :atev] is aga9/ consci5ce4' ,aqu9as1 quot$ 9 ,s4 & ,h4 9 loc4 #bg ,cf4 xii4 #f3 ',let u prophesy accord+ to ! proportion ( our fai?4' #bh ,col4 ii4 #af3 ',let no man judge y 9 respect ( a sabba? day4' #bi ,?is is probably impli$ 9 ,acts xx4 #g4 #cj #a ,cor4 xvi4 #a4 #ca ,philippians1 on '! ,*ri/ian ,m9i/ry1' p4 #aha4 ,! language 9 ! imm$iate context ,i _c make my own4 ,b ! /atem5t quot$ is surely true4 ,& to ?is day ,i suppose1 = ^? liv+ 9 religi\s communities & simil> in/itutions1 !re is v little practical diff]5ce betwe5 ,sundays & week-days4 ,?is almo/ complete abs5ce ( di/9ction1 h[ev]1 mu/ always come ab\t1 if x is to be legitimate1 by rais+ ! week-days to ! spiritual level ( ! ,sundays1 & n by ! opposite process4 #cb ,especially 9 ! ,pa/oral ,epi/les3 b also 9 ! epi/les to ! ,!ssalonians & ,cor9?ians4 #cc #a ,cor4 viii4 #ac4 #cd ,cf4 #a ,cor4 x4 #cj3 ',:y am ,i evil spok5 ( = t = :i* ,i give ?anks4' #a ,tim4 iv4 #c1 #d3 ',meats1 :i* ,god creat$ to be receiv$ ) ?anksgiv+4444 ,= e creature ( ,god is good 444 if x be receiv$ ) ?anksgiv+3 = x is sanctifi$ ?r\gh ! ^w ( ,god & pray]4 ,cf4 ,acts xxvii4 #ce3 ',& :5 he _h tak5 bread1 he gave ?anks to ,god 9 ! pres5ce ( all3 & he brake x1 & began to eat4' #ce ,matt4 xxvi4 #bf2 cf4 ,luke xxiv4 #cj4 #aei ,,division ,v4 #g4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 #a-ac4 ,unselfi% =be>ance & inclusiv5ess4 ,x 0 ess5tial1 z has be5 said1 t m5 ^: prejudices & in/9cts 7 diff]5t %\ld live 9 ! same *ur* & eat at ! same love fea/4 ,?is w\ld require a l>ge-he>t$ & unselfi% self-control4 ,=m]ly1 z 9 ,syria & ,pale/9e1 x 0 ! ,jews :o occupi$ ! position ( vantage 9 ! ,*ri/ian communities1 & 7 n dispos$ to tol]ate ! ways ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,n[ ! tables are turn$1 & ! ,g5tiles are 9 ! majority4 ,! dang] is n[ t ^? ^: in/9cts are ,g5tile %\ld be> h>dly ^u ! m9ority ^: prejudices are m or less ,jewi%4 ,su* ,/4 ,paul anticipates1 or kn[s f ,priscilla & ,aquila1 w be ! dang] among ! ,roman ,*ri/ians4 ,=m]ly ,judaic n>r[ness _h be5 a =midable dang]4 ,x _h develop$ a mo/ p]il\s h]esy1 & ,/4 ,paul _h dealt ) x z a deadly poison4 ,n[ :at rema9$ #afj ( ,jewi% feel+ 0 a weakness to be g5]\sly borne )4 ,x af=ds ,/4 ,paul an opportunity ( fall+ back on ! g5]al pr9ciple1 t ! measure ( ,*ri/ian /r5g? & full-gr[n manhood is ! read9ess to be> ! weaknesses ( o!rs4 ,to be told he mu/ n use 8 normal lib]ty1 mu/ n eat 8 usual meal or dr9k 8 usual cup ( w9e1 because x might sc&alize "s ,*ri/ian ) ! ascetic prejudices ( an ,ess5e1 or ev5 induce him to d ! same aga9/ 8 own consci5ce--to be told ?is 0 annoy+ to a man :o held ! '/rong' ,*ri/ian conviction t all k9ds ( food 7 indiff]5tly all[able4 ,! weak scruple ( 8 bro!r ,*ri/ian _h become an annoy+ burd5 ( self-d5ial & self-re/ra9t laid on himself4 ,b ?is1 ,/4 ,paul says1 is h[ ,*ri/ian /r5g?--:e!r x be ! moral /r5g? ( cle> convictions1 or any o!r sort ( faculty#a--mu/ %[ itself1 9 read9ess to suff] on acc\nt ( o!r p's defici5cies1 9 n res5t+ ! re/ra9ts !y lay on u1 9 n expect+ to d z we please1 b be+ #afa ready to accommodate ourselves to our neighb\r's ta/es :]e x is = 8 good4 ,t is :at our great example did4 ,pla9ly ,8 :ole human life 0 putt+ ,himself "u ! re/ra9ts :i* our weaknesses & n>r[nesses & sl[nesses laid on ,him4 ,! righte\s man 9 ! psalm compla9s t he has to be> all ! reproa*es ( ,god :i* impati5t & rebelli\s ,israelites might utt]2 & t is ! picture ( ,*ri/ be>+ our infirmities4 7,! reproa*es :i* fell on ,him 7 = ! v l>g5ess ( ,8 love2 'because ,he receiv$ s9n]s1' & because ,he receiv$ !m on ! ,sabba?s z well z on o!r days4 ,!y 7 reproa*es ( ,god1 l ,jonah's1 because ,he 0 too =be>+1 too g5]\s47 ,!n ,/4 ,paul pauses a mom5t to ju/ify 8 use ( ! ,psalms4 ,^! anci5t scriptures did n fulfil _! purpose 9 _! own "t1 or = ! old cov5ant4 ,god int5d$ !m = ,*ri/ians4 ,_! tea*+ is :at !y ne$4 ,! burd5s ( life are s _m1 its requirem5ts ^u _! pati5ce s con/ant1 t !y f9d x h>d to ma9ta9 _! hope4 ,yet :at is ! ,old ,te/am5t s full (8 ,lessons ( endurance & words ( enc\ragem5t4 ,! enc\ragem5t & endurance !n1 :i* !y ga9 f #afb ! ,old ,te/am5t1 are to help !m to ma9ta9 ,*ri/ian hope4 ,!y mu/ n lose he>t4 ,! end is a great "o3 x is ! ma9t5ance ( a unit$ _s 9 ! ,*ur*1 su* z ,*ri/ c approve1 su* z c express itself 9 a really unanim\s adoration ( ,him :om ,*ri/ recogniz$ z ,8 ,god & ,fa!r4 ,may ! ,god :o inspires endurance & enc\ragem5t1 grant !m n to fail 9 ?is great end6 ,"h is ! c5tral requirem5t1 !n1 :i* a ca?olic *ur* lays on !m4 ,x is to be unselfi%ly inclusive1 to welcome into fell[%ip p :o are n naturally to _! ta/e4 ,our ,"l did n scrut9ize u m51 b receiv$ u1 ( :atev] sort we 71 t ,god might be glorifi$ 9 human bro!rhood4 ,he v9dicat$ ! tru? ( ,god by fulfill+ ! cov5ant ( circumcision3 fir/1 to confirm ! promises giv5 to ! fa!rs ( ,israel#b2 &1 secondly1 to enl>ge ! compass ( ,israel1 s t ! ,g5tiles too might %>e its bless+s1 out ( ,god's pure m]cy ap>t f any promises4 ,& ?is also--! fell[%ip ( ,jew & ,g5tile--0 matt] ( anci5t pr$iction by psalmi/ #afc & prophet4 ,! ,roman ,*ri/ians mu/ n !re=e let !mselves be disc\rag$ because !y h a difficult task to fulfil4 ,& ! apo/le prays t ,god1 ! inspir] ( hope1 may fill !m ) su* a ri* s5se ( ! bless+s ( believ+ 9 ,him1 t ,8 ,_s1 dwell+ 9 !m1 may make hope to ab\nd 9 _! he>ts4 ,n[ we t are /rong ought to be> ! infirmities ( ! weak1 & n to please ourselves4 ,let ea* "o ( u please 8 neighb\r = t :i* is good1 unto edify+4 ,= ,*ri/ also pleas$ n himself2 b1 z x is writt51 ,! reproa*es ( !m t reproa*$ !e fell ^u me4 ,= :atsoev] ?+s 7 writt5 a=etime 7 writt5 = our le>n+1 t ?r\gh pati5ce & ?r\gh com=t ( ! scriptures we might h hope4 ,n[ ! ,god ( pati5ce & ( com=t grant y to be ( ! same m9d "o ) ano!r accord+ to ,*ri/ ,jesus3 t ) "o accord ye may ) "o m\? glorify ! ,god & ,fa!r ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,:]e=e receive ye "o ano!r1 ev5 z ,*ri/ also receiv$ y1 to ! glory ( ,god4 ,= ,i say t ,*ri/ ha? be5 made a m9i/] ( ! circumcision = ! tru? ( ,god1 t he might confirm ! promises giv5 unto ! fa!rs1 & t ! ,g5tiles might glorify ,god = 8 m]cy2 z x is writt51 ,!re=e w ,i give praise unto !e among ! ,g5tiles1 ,& s+ unto ?y "n4 ,& aga9 he sai?1 ,rejoice1 ye ,g5tiles1 ) 8 p4 #afd ,& aga91 ,praise ! ,"l1 all ye ,g5tiles2 ,& let all ! peoples praise him4 ,& aga91 ,isaiah sai?1 ,!re %all be ! root ( ,jesse1 ,& he t arise? to rule ov] ! ,g5tiles2 ,on him %all ! ,g5tiles hope4 ,n[ ! ,god ( hope fill y ) all joy & peace 9 believ+1 t ye may ab\nd 9 hope1 9 ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 #a4 ,! connexion ( ?\ght 9 ?is passage is und\bt$ly some:at obscure4 ,b we "k to-day1 z well z ev]1 h[ difficult x is to be> ) :at is disagreeable to u 9 o!rs1 ) :at seem to u _! defici5cies1 )\t break+ real ,*ri/ian bro!rhood & co-op]ation4 ,& we "k also t :]e we are possess$ by an en?usiasm = bro!rhood su* z inspir$ ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 ! divisions :i* small diff]5ces t5d to produce are peculi>ly disc\rag+1 because !y sugge/ t real bro!rhood is impossible :]e m5 are s diff]5tly con/itut$4 ,we ought n1 !re=e1 to be at a loss to see :y ,/4 ,paul %\ld pass s easily f speak+ ( divisions among ,*ri/ians to speak ( ! gr\nds ( pati5ce & enc\ragem5t & hope4 ,! ,*ri/ian hope is--9 sub/antial "p--! hope #afe ( a really ca?olic *ur*--a real bro!rhood among p ( diff]5t races1 classes1 ta/es1 & habits2 & x is ?is great hope :i*1 ev5 9 ,/4 ,paul's day1 0 cont9ually suff]+ disc\ragem5t & cont9ually ne$$ re9=c+4 ,& ! re9=cem5t mu/ be 'sup]natural4' ,x is ! div9e love ( ! ,_s possess+ u :i* alone c give x vig\r4 ,:5 we are full ( ! div9e consolation1 !n x is t we are lea/ incl9$ to be critical1 & mo/ dispos$ 'to receive "o ano!r1 z ,*ri/ also receiv$ u1 to ! glory ( ,god4' ,= ?is is ! ?\ght we are to h con/antly 9 view1 :5 we f9d p 'aggravat+'--,*ri/ receiv$ u1 & made ! be/ ( ^? :om ',god gave him1' 9 spite ( ! inf9ite annoyances :i* we m51 ev5 ! apo/les1 caus$ ,him2 ,he dealt ) u ) inf9ite pati5ce2 ,he made u welcome2 ,he 'receiv$ u4' ,9 fact1 ! reason :y ! connexion ( ?\ght 9 ?is passage seems obscure to u1 is probably 9 "p t we h ceas$ to ?9k ( ! real fell[%ip ( ! naturally unlike--fell[%ip 9 all t makes up human life--z a necess>y "p ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,b to ,/4 ,paul !re 0 no ,*ri/ianity )\t ! reality ( ca?olic bro!rhood4 #aff #b4 ,/4 ,paul "h1 z 9 writ+ to ! ,cor9?ians#c1 %[s himself specially anxi\s t ,g5tile ,*ri/ians %\ld n ?9k !y c\ld make light ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 or imag9e t ',*ri/ 0 ! end ( ! law' 9 any su* s5se z w\ld make ! books ( ! old cov5ant sup]flu\s "u ! new4 ,_! value1 he insi/s1 rema9s p]man5t4 ,:5 he is writ+ to ! ,cor9?ians1 he f9ds x 9 ! moral w>n+s--! w>n+s ( div9e judgem5t ^u ! *os5 p--( :i* ! hi/ory is full4 ,9 ?is epi/le he is ?9k+ *iefly ( ! lessons ( 'endurance' & div9e 'enc\ragem5ts1' :i* hi/ories & prophets provide4 ,9 8 epi/le to ,timo?y#d he ?9ks ( ! books z in/rum5ts by ! use ( :i* ! m9i/] or repres5tative ( ,god may become fully educat$ & equipp$ = all ! purposes ( moral sup]vision & discipl9e4 ,!y c ?us educate & equip him1 ,/4 ,paul #afg tea*es1 because !y 7 orig9ally writt5 "u ! influ5ce ( a div9e inspiration2 b x is only :5 fai? has f9ally atta9$ its true object 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ t _! real mean+ becomes app>5t4 ,& ?is la/ pr9ciple is impli$ 9 almo/ all 8 use ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,x is a com=t to p]ceive t none ( ! elem5ts ( p]man5t value1 :i* ,/4 ,paul disc]ns 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 are ! lea/ likely to be affect$ by reasonable criticism ( its docum5ts4 ,its hi/ory1 critically read1 does n become less truly pregnant ) moral w>n+s or lessons ( endurance4 ,! enc\ragem5ts ( ! prophets are 9 no respect r$uc$ 9 =ce :5 !y are br\ght into "r relation to _! own times4 ,! :ole libr>y ( books is1 at lea/1 z capable ( educat+ & equipp+ ! m9i/] ( ,*ri/ z ev]4 ,_! inspiration is /ill obvi\s1 :5 x is int]pret$ c&idly 9 view ( all ! facts4 ,& /ill !y c only be rightly reg>d$ :5 !y are look$ ^u z v>i\s elem5ts 9 a progress :i* has ,*ri/ = its goal4 ,9 8 use ( p>ticul> passages 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ,/4 ,paul "h %[s himself z free z ev]1 b ) ! same fundam5tal #afh adh]5ce to ! true t5d5cy ( ! ,old ,te/am5t z a :ole4 ,9 quot+ ,ps4 lxix4 #i 7v]4 #c7 he is see+ 9 ! afflict$ righte\s man a type ( ,*ri/4 ,?is psalm is con/antly cit$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ) ! same ref]5ce#e4 ,x has be5 suppos$#f t ,/4 ,paul "h adopts a cry address$ to ,god by ! righte\s suff]] 9 ! psalm1 & repres5ts x z address$ by ,*ri/ to 8 bro!r man4 ',! reproa*es aim$ at !e1 my despis$ bro!r1 h fall5 ^u me4' ,b1 z ,i h tri$ to %[ 9 ! analysis above1 ?is supposition is n ne$$4 ,*ri/ is repres5t$ appeal+ to ,god = succ\r1 because ,he utt]ly refuses to take ! l9e ( self-pleas+2 b be>s all t m5's impati5ce ( ,god lays ^u ,him--all _! 'wild & weak compla9+4' ,& x is sugge/ive to rememb]1 ) ,orig51 t x 0 ,*ri/'s 'receiv+ ( s9n]s & eat+ ) !m1' receiv+ !m on ! ,sabba? z well z o!r days1 t *iefly br\ght on ,him ! reproa*es ( m54 ,?is 0 probably 9 ,/4 ,paul's m9d4 ,9 ,ps4 xviii4 #di 7quot$ v]4 #i7 ! victori\s #afi k+ decl>es t he w praise ,god = 8 victory 'among ! nations4' ,/4 ,paul applies ?is to ,*ri/1 ^: victory among ! nations means _! r$emption--_! becom+ ,8 p4 ,9 ,deut4 xxxii4 #dc 7v]4 #aj7 '! nations are invit$ to congratulate ,israel on possess+ a ,god l ,jehovah1 :o w effectually take up ,8 p's cause4 ,su* an invitation address$ to ! nations 7cf4 ,isa4 xlii4 #aj-ab2 ,ps4 xlvii4 #b1 lxvii4 #a-g1 c47 involves implicitly ! prophetic tru? t ,god's deal+s ) ,israel h indirectly an int]e/ & importance = ! _w at l>ge#g4' ,?is is /ill m pla9ly impli$ 9 ,ps4 cxvii4 #a 7v]4 #aa74 ,isa4 xi4 #aj 7v]4 #ab7 is quot$ f ! ,greek ,bible1 :i* is p>aphra/ic2 b ! ,hebrew also ass]ts t ! messianic k+ ( ,david's l9e is to be a 'signal to ! nations1' & t !y are to 'resort to him' z to an oracle or place ( refuge#h4 #a ,we are all '/rong' 9 "s respect1 ,orig5 rem>ks1 s t 'ye t are /rong be> ! infirmities ( ! weak' comes to be z broad a precept z 'be> ye "o ano!r's burd5s4' #b ,cf4 ,gal4 iv4 #d1 #e3 ',*ri/1 born ( a woman1 born "u ! law1 t he might r$eem !m :i* 7 "u ! law1 t we 7,jews & ,g5tiles7 might receive ! adoption ( sons4' #c #a ,cor4 x4 ii3 ',^! ?+s happ5$ unto !m 7! ,jews 9 ! ,wild]ness7 by way ( example2 & !y 7 writt5 = our admonition1 ^u :om ! ends ( ! ages are come4' #d #b ,tim4 iii4 #ae-ag4 ',sacr$ writ+s :i* are able to make !e wise unto salvation ?r\gh fai? :i* is 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,e scripture inspir$ by ,god is also pr(itable = tea*+1 = repro(1 = correction1 = in/ruction :i* is 9 righte\sness3 t ! man ( ,god may be complete1 furni%$ completely unto e good "w4' #e ,cf4 above1 xi4 #i2 9 ! ,gospels1 ,matt4 xxvii4 #cd2 ,john ii4 #ag2 xix4 #bh2 also ,acts i4 #bj4 #f ,see ,s4 & ,h4 9 loc4 #g ,driv]1 9 loc4 #h ,*eyne1 9 loc4 #agj ,,division ,,vi4 ,,*apt]s ,,xv4 #ad-,,xvi4 #bg4 ,conclusion4 ,! long lett] is almo/ end$4 ,/4 ,paul has develop$ ! mean+ ( ! revelation ( ! div9e righte\sness4 ,he has v9dicat$ ! ways ( ,god to ! ,jews4 ,he has drawn out suffici5tly ! moral conclusions f ,god's m]cy to mank9d4 ,n[ he has only to secure aga9 8 good t]ms ) ! ,roman ,*ri/ians--:i* he does ) ! same tact & ! same anxiety z at ! beg9n+#a1--to expla9 8 movem5ts1 to s5d 8 greet+s to individuals1 & to bid f>ewell4 #a ,vol4 i4 p4 #ec4 #aga ,,division ,,vi4 #a4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 #ad-cc4 ,8 excuse = writ+ & 8 hope ( com+4 ,/4 ,paul is v anxi\s n to be und]/ood z if1 :ile giv+ ! ,*ri/ians at ,rome ^! exhortations :i* we h j be5 read+1 he /ood 9 any d\bt himself ( _! goodness ( he>t & full grasp ( ,*ri/ian pr9ciples1 or ( _! fitness to admoni% "o ano!r4 ,he has only be5 bold to put !m 9 m9d ( :at !y already knew1 because ( ! prie/ly commission on behalf ( 8 ,"l t[>ds all ! ,g5tiles1 :i* ! div9e grace has be/[$ ^u him z apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,! gospel entru/$ to him requires him z a prie/ to prep>e & (f] sacrifice2 & ! sacrifice :i* he is to prep>e1 :i* ! consecration ( ! indwell+ ,_s alone c make acceptable1 is t ( ! :ole ,g5tile _w4 ,! ext5t to :i* ?is great *>ge laid ^u him has be5 fulfill$1 gives him good reason = #agb boa/+ z he /&s be=e ,god--n 9 himself1 b 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,8 "w has be5 a pione]'s "w4 ,he has made x 8 ambition purely to lay f\ndations4 ,tak+ words ( ,isaiah#a = 8 motto1 he _h resolv$ to g n[h]e :]e any o!r _h be5 be=e him to make ,*ri/ kn[n4 ,b 9 t free & op5 area ( a yet unevangeliz$ _w1 ,*ri/ _h work$ ?r\gh him to br+ ! ,g5tiles to ,8 ob$i5ce1 & _h accompani$ 8 prea*+ ) evid5ces ( miracul\s p[] & ) ! /rong manife/ations ( ! ,_s4 ,s t 9 ! result ! "w ( proclaim+ ! gospel _h be5 accompli%$1 />t+ f ,j]usalem1 9 an ext5d+ circuit#b or irregul> progress1 z f> z ,illyria4 ,?is _w-wide mission w\ld give ,/4 ,paul 8 title to visit ,rome#c4 ,b its v greatness has hi!rto h9d]$ him4 ,n[ h[ev] he is hop+ to satisfy ! desire t has s long possess$ him1 & to pay !m a visit ( "s l5g? on 8 way to ,spa94 ,t is to say1 he hopes to come to !m :5 ! task is ov] #agc :i* is imm$iately occupy+ him4 ,! good w ( ! *ur*es 9 ,mac$onia & ,a*aia has %[n itself 9 a collection ( money = ! poor ,*ri/ians at ,j]usalem4 ,?is is really ! paym5t ( a debt to ^? to :om !y owe _! fell[%ip 9 ,*ri/'s salvation4 ,:5 !n ,/4 ,paul has h&$ ov] ?is collection1 & secur$ to its recipi5ts ?is fruit ( 8 mission1 he hopes to pass to ,spa9 by way ( ,rome2 & aga91 z 9 8 introduction#d1 he expresses 8 confid5ce t at ,rome1 z else:]e1 ! fullness ( ! ri* gifts ( ,*ri/ w accompany 8 com+4 ,mean:ile he makes 8 urg5t reque/1 by _! allegiance to ,*ri/ & _! fell[%ip 9 ! _s ( love1 t !y w jo9 ) him 9 wre/l+ ) ,god 9 pray] = ! success ( 8 pres5t und]tak+--t he may escape ! dang] to :i* he is expos$ f ! ho/ility ( ! unbeliev+ ,jews1 & t ! gift1 z m9i/]$ by him1 may n prove unacceptable to ! ,j]usalem *ur*2 s t he may get happily to ,rome & f9d repose !re ) !m4 ,& he prays = ! bless+ ( ! ,god ( peace ^u all ( !m4 #agd ,& ,i myself also am p]suad$ ( y1 my bre?r51 t ye y\rselves are full ( goodness1 fill$ ) all k1 able also to admoni% "o ano!r4 ,b ,i write ! m boldly unto y 9 "s measure1 z putt+ y aga9 9 remembrance1 because ( ! grace t 0 giv5 me ( ,god1 t ,i %\ld be a m9i/] ( ,*ri/ ,jesus unto ! ,g5tiles1 m9i/]+#e ! gospel ( ,god1 t ! (f]+ up ( ! ,g5tiles might be made acceptable1 be+ sanctifi$ by ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,i h !re=e my glory+ 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus 9 ?+s p]ta9+ to ,god4 ,= ,i w n d>e to speak ( any ?+s save ^? :i* ,*ri/ wr\ght ?r\gh me1 = ! ob$i5ce ( ! ,g5tiles1 by ^w & de$1 9 ! p[] ( signs & wond]s1 9 ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,gho/2 s t f ,j]usalem1 & r\nd ab\t ev5 unto ,illyricum1 ,i h fully prea*$ ! gospel ( ,*ri/2 yea1 mak+ x my aim s to prea* ! gospel1 n :]e ,*ri/ 0 already nam$1 t ,i might n build ^u ano!r man's f\ndation2 b1 z x is writt51 ,!y %all see1 to :om no tid+s ( him came1 ,& !y :o h n he>d %all und]/&4 ,:]e=e also ,i 0 h9d]$ ^! _m times f com+ to y3 b n[1 hav+ no m any place 9 ^! regions1 & hav+ ^! _m ye>s a long+ to come unto y1 :5soev] ,i g unto ,spa9 7= ,i hope to see y 9 my j\rney1 & to be br\ght on my way ?i!rw>d by y1 if fir/ 9 "s measure ,i %all h be5 satisfi$ ) y\r company7--b n[1 ,i say1 ,i g unto ,j]usalem1 m9i/]+ unto ! sa9ts4 ,= x ha? be5 ! good pleasure ( ,mac$onia & ,a*aia to make a c]ta9 contribution = ! poor among ! sa9ts t are at ,j]usalem4 ,yea1 x ha? be5 _! good pleasure2 & _! debtors !y are4 ,= if ! ,g5tiles h be5 #age made p>tak]s ( _! spiritual ?+s1 !y owe x to !m also to m9i/] unto !m 9 c>nal ?+s4 ,:5 !re=e ,i h accompli%$ ?is1 & h seal$ to !m ?is fruit1 ,i w g on by y unto ,spa94 ,& ,i "k t1 :5 ,i come unto y1 ,i %all come 9 ! fulness ( ! bless+ ( ,*ri/4 ,n[ ,i besee* y1 bre?r51 by our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & by ! love ( ! ,_s1 t ye /rive toge!r ) me 9 y\r pray]s to ,god = me2 t ,i may be deliv]$ f !m t are disob$i5t 9 ,judaea1 & t my m9i/ration :i* ,i h = ,j]usalem may be acceptable to ! sa9ts2 t ,i may come unto y 9 joy ?r\gh ! w ( ,god1 & toge!r ) y f9d re/4 ,n[ ! ,god ( peace be ) y all4 ,am54 #a4 ,/4 ,paul has a habit ( repres5t+ ^? he writes to 9 ! be/ light#f4 ,b ! words 'full ( goodness1' 'fill$ ) all k1' 'able to admoni%1' are no idle complim5ts4 ,x is n too mu* to sugge/ t ,/4 ,paul1 z he sees ! high "p :i* ! *ur* ( ! capital mu/ play 9 ! _w1 p]ceives also1 9 :at he he>s ( ! ,roman ,*ri/ians1 evid5ces ( ! _s :i* w enable !m to fulfil x4 ,& hi/ory v]ifies ! apo/le's anticipation4 ,! lett] ( ! ,roman *ur* to ! ,cor9?ians1 :i* passes "u ,clem5t's "n1 & 0 writt5 "s =ty ye>s aft] #agf ?is lett] ( ,/4 ,paul's1 is ! v embodim5t ( ! _s ( goodness1 k1 & p[] to admoni%4 ,! pr9cely g5]osity ( ! ,roman *ur* 9 all directions 0 prov]bial 9 ! second c5tury#g4 ,if x did n become z di/+ui%$ z ,alex&ria 9 !ological sci5ce1 x did become a *ief c5tre ( !ological or?odoxy & gov]nm5t4 ,& ! repeat$ evid5ces we ga9 t rigori/s1 f ,hippolytus to ,novatian1 7 s dissatisfi$ ) ! policy ( ! ,roman bi%ops z to sep>ate !mselves f _! communion1 give u good reason to believe t ! int]nal policy ( ?is *ur* 01 )9 j limits1 lib]al & tol]ant4 #b4 ,/4 ,paul "h describes 8 apo/olic commission 9 prie/ly language4 ',! sacrificial t]m9ology is f> m m>k$ 9 ! orig9al ?an x c be 9 a translation#h4' ,! ^w = 'm9i/] ( ,*ri/ ,jesus' is a te*nical ^w = prie/ 9 ! ,greek ,old ,te/am5t#i4 ,! ^w translat$ 'm9i/]+' means '(f]+ sacrifice4' 7,t :i* ,/4 ,paul describes #agg himself z (f]+ 9 sacrifice is n ! gospel1 z our translation might imply3 ! gospel assigns ! sph]e ( ! sacrifice#aj1 b ! sacrifice he has to (f] is t ( ! ,g5tile _w1 9 ,*ri/1 consecrat$ to be a fit sacrifice by ! ,_s47 ,! phrase also1 '9 ?+s p]ta9+ to ,god' 7cf4 ,hebr4 ii4 #ag71 is appropriate to ! prie/ z he /&s be=e ,god4 ',b ?is is all symbolical language1' x is said4 ,t dep5ds on :at we take z ! /&>d ( reality 9 ! sacrific+ prie/hood4 ,if ,*ri/ is ! /&>d ( prie/hood1 & ,8 me?od ( mak+ sacrifice ! /&>d me?od1 !n ,/4 ,paul's acc\nt ( 8 prie/l9ess is n appreciably metaphorical1 except s f> z metaphor belongs to all e>?ly expressions ( heav5ly realities2 x is r true to say t ! ,jewi% or hea!n prie/1 ) 8 mat]ial victims1 0 b ! dim %ad[ ( a true prie/4 ,! po9t is t ! true ,*ri/ian idea ( sacrifice makes ! sub/ance ( x to be always p]sons return+ to ,god ! life ,he gave !m4 ,if we mu/ (f] sacrifices ( money & fruits ( ! e>?1 t is because we _c (f] ourselves )\t our bodies#aa1 or our bodies #agh )\t ! mat]ial supplies on :i* !y dep5d4 ',all ?+s come ( ,god1 & ( ,8 own d we give ,him4' ,& all our lab\r & pray] = o!rs mu/ be an (f]+ ( !m1 or a prep>ation to (f] !m#ab1 to ,god2 :i* aga9 is only our assi/+ !m to (f] !mselves4 ,& all ?is (f]+ 9 sacrifice ( ourselves & o!rs is r5d]$ possible by ! "o effectual sacrifice1 ?r\gh :i* alone we & all m5 h access to ! ,fa!r4 ,x takes place '9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1' :o1 '?r\gh et]nal ,_s (f]$ himself )\t spot to ,god4' ,!re1 at ! head ( all1 is ! sacrifice ( ! p]son1 & t p]son ! ,son ( ,man1 :o c take up into ,8 v life & sacrifice ev5 all mank9d4 ,?r\gh\t x is a sacrifice ( p]sons1 or ( ?+s only z app]ta9+ to p]sons4 ,?is is ! fundam5tal ,*ri/ian idea1 & ?is at ! bottom necess>ily =bids u to sep>ate ! ?+ (f]$ f ! p]son (f]+1 ! victim f ! prie/4 ,! prie/ is ! victim1 = :at he (f]s is himself4 ,x is ?is idea ( sacrifice :i* is realiz$ 9 ! eu*>i/4 ,! eu*>i/ is ! c5tral sacrifice ( ! ,*ri/ian body4 ,x is to />t #agi ) a pres5tation ( mat]ial ?+s1 bread & w9e ( ! fruits ( ! e>?1 ) alms & o!r (f]+s x may be3 & ^! oblations are accompani$ ) pray]s & symbolic rites4 ,b all is done t bo? by ^w & act ! ,"o ,sacrifice may be commemorat$ & plead$4 ,! outw>d rite b f9ds its mean+ & ju/ification 9 t--! sacrifice ( ! ,p]son4 ,aga9 we c only take "p 9 x ) any spiritual reality by becom+ ourselves %>]s ( ,8 sacrifice--ourselves ! sacrifice we (f]4 ',& "h1' we cry1 'we (f] & pres5t unto ,!e ourselves4' ,we m51 ,/4 ,augu/9e does n scruple to say1 are ! body ( ,*ri/1 :i* is (f]$ 9 t sacrifice#ac4 ,& a q new light is %$ on int]cessory pray]1 9 ! eu*>i/ & 9 ! re/ ( life1 :5 we view x z ,/4 ,paul w\ld h u view x1 z a pres5t+ 9 sacrifice be=e ,god ^? = :om we pray1 accord+ to ! true idea ( !m :i* ! sanctification ( ! ,_s w\ld make possible & actual4 ,& a q new light is %$ ^u all "w = o!rs1 :5 we reg>d x z ! prep>+ ( su* a sacrifice = ! ,holy ,_s to consecrate4 ,f a diff]5t po9t ( view ,/4 ,paul's #ahj conception ( 8 mission z ! prie/ ( ! ,g5tile _w1 might well sugge/ reflections to ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,if a ,*ri/ian nation 9 ! provid5ce ( ,god is to ov]run ! _w & possess ! nations n yet ,*ri/ian1 x goes ) a mission entru/$ to x by ,god4 ,its mission may be express$1 accord+ to ,/4 ,paul's idea1 z t ( evangeliz+ ! _w1 b also z t ( prep>+ ! hea!n nations to be (f]$ to ,god4 ,x is ! return ( all humanity to ,himself t ,god desires1 & we are to be ! m9i/]s ( ?is p]fect$ (f]+4 ,x /rikes u ) pr(\nd humiliation to realize h[ 'f> fet*$' ,/4 ,paul's idea w\ld appe> to-day to ! mass ( our nation1 :i*1 m ?an any o!r1 is call$ by circum/ances to an apo/olate ( ! _w4 #c4 ,/4 ,paul speaks1 "h & 9 _m places else:]e1 ( 8 gr\nds = 'glory+1' or r 'boa/+#ad1' 9 :at ,*ri/ has wr\ght ?r\gh him1 & ( 8 'be+ ambiti\s' to prea* only :]e no "o _h be5 be=e him#ae4 ,& 9 read+ su* passages ! "q #aha sometimes arises 9 ,*ri/ian m9ds--0 !re1 aft] all1 a /ra9 ( egotism unsubdu$ 9 ,/4 ,paul's "*8 ,n[ no d\bt1 unlike o!r apo/les ^: writ+s rema9 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ,/4 ,paul _h t sort ( passionately p]sonal & individual nature :i* easily passes into spiritual egotism4 ,?is at lea/ is disc]nible 9 8 epi/les4 ,x is also true t ! necessity :i* lay s long ^u him ( v9dicat+ 8 own apo/olic au?ority1 makes x necess>y = him at times to talk ab\t himself & 8 exp]i5ces & 8 p]sonal me?ods 9 a way t to "s m9ds sugge/s egotism2 & !re is no obligation ^u u to ma9ta9 t ,/4 ,paul 0 p]fect4 ,b we only und]/& ^! passages aright :5 we rememb] t !re runs ?r\gh !m all a consci\s irony4 ,! basis ( ,/4 ,paul's :ole !ology 0 ! d5ial ( any possible gr\nd = a man to boa/ 9 himself4 ',:]e is boa/+8 x is exclud$4' ',he t boa/e?1 let him boa/ 9 ! ,"l4' ,x is ,*ri/ :o 'leads ,/4 ,paul 9' ,8 'triumph4' ,:at he boa/s ( is n 8 own1 b ,*ri/'s4 ,( c\rse1 ?is sort ( language v easily admits ( self-deception4 ,/4 ,paul %[s himself consci\s ( its dang]#af4 ,b !re c #ahb be no "q ( ! vehem5t s9c]ity ( ,/4 ,paul 9 repudiat+ any homage to himself :i* seem$ to put him 9 ! place ( ,*ri/1 or to sub/itute ! tea*] = 8 message#ag4 ,& :]e 8 p]sonal gifts ( intellect might mo/ easily h %one1 he _h det]m9$ to abjure all '! wisdom ( m5' 9 ! me?od ( 8 prea*+#ah4 ,x is rem>kable aga9 t z soon z ev] ! real p]il f ,judaism 0 ov] 9 ! ,*ur*1 ,/4 ,paul drops 8 anti-,judai/ic polemic1 & all t br+s ! p]sonal elem5t into prom95ce4 ,he is absolutely free f ! *>ge ( pursu+ 8 advantage s z to magnify a p]sonal victory4 ,! m ?or\ghly we gr[ to "k ,/4 ,paul1 ! m1 ,i ?9k1 we feel t 8 pr(ession is true t he w 'boa/' only '9 ! cross ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/'2 & t truly ! _w1 ) all its p]sonal ambitions1 _h be5 = him nail$ to ! cross & kill$#ai4 ,b :at exactly 0 x t ,/4 ,paul _h to 'boa/' t ,*ri/ _h wr\ght ?r\gh him8 ,he _h1 he says1 accompli%$ ! prea*+ ( ! gospel 9 an irregul> circuit f ,j]usalem to ,illyria4 ,aft] he _h made a beg9n+ ( ,*ri/ian prea*+ at ,damascus1 he #ahc _h1 9 fact1 %>$ ! apo/olic prea*+ at ,j]usalem 7,acts ix4 #bi71 b 8 own special "w began at ,t>sus1 or r at ,antio*4 ,aft] t he _h 'fulfill$ ! proclamation ( ! gospel1' s f>1 t is to say1 z x belong$ to ! apo/olic (fice1 by f\nd+ *ur*es 9 a gradually enl>g+ circuit1 especially 9 ! *ief c5tres1 z ! n>rative ( ! ,acts %[s u1 till travell+ by ! ,egnatian way he w\ld h come )9 sight ( ! ,illyrian m\nta9s at ,!ssalonica#bj4 ,he may ev5 h ent]$ ,illyria :5 ! ,acts vaguely describes him z go+ to ,mac$onia & !n 'pass+ ?r\gh ^? p>ts#ba'2 b ! expression 9 ?is epi/le does n require ?is4 ,x is suffici5t t ! bord] ( ,illyria1 ?r\gh :i* ! ,egnatian way l$ to ,rome1 _h be5 s f> 8 ne>e/ po9t to ! capital4 ,/4 ,paul c]ta9ly implies t ,rome 0 includ$ 9 8 prov9ce ( "w1 & t he ow$ !m a yet unpaid debt#bb4 ,?is mu/ surely mean1 accord+ to ,/4 ,paul's pr9ciple1 t no o!r ( ! great] apo/les _h yet evangeliz$ !m or f\nd$ ! *ur* !re#bc4 #ahd ,rome 0 no o!r man's f\ndation4 ,b none ! less1 ! elem5ts ( a *ur* _h collect$ !re4 ,! gospel 0 be+ prea*$ !re by 'apo/les' f among 8 own circle4 ,& ,/4 ,paul1 = ?is reason1 does n contemplate any p]man5t /ay ) ! ,romans1 b reg>ds ,rome only z a place :]e he c re/ & refre% himself1 z well z supply defici5cies 9 ! spiritual equipm5t ( ! *ur* !re1 be=e he passes fur!r we/ to ! unt\*$ region ( ,spa94 ,/4 ,paul1 we see pla9ly en\gh1 _h no p[] to =esee ! future4 ,b aft] ! long resid5ce at ,rome dur+ 8 fir/ captivity1 :i* he did n ! lea/ anticipate1 did he1 we ask1 actually get to ,spa98 ,!re is c]ta9ly no good reason to say he did n1 = 8 movem5ts are1 9 ! ma91 unkn[n to u 9 ! la/ p]iod ( 8 life2 & on ! o!r h& 9 ,clem5t's lett] to ! ,cor9?ians1 writt5 )9 ! fir/ c5tury1 he is said to h pass$ be=e 8 m>tyrdom to '! limits ( ! we/'--! extreme we/--:i* is c]ta9ly mo/ naturally int]pret$ ( ,spa9#bd4 #d4 ,/4 ,paul speaks ( hav+ wr\ght 'signs & wond]s4' ,! two words are habitually #ahe comb9$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! ^w 'wond]s' describes ! miracul\s & a/oni%+ "* ( ! ev5ts1 :ile 'signs' indicates t moral witness & significance :i* di/+ui%es ,*ri/ian miracles f vulg> port5ts4 ,we read ( ,/4 ,paul work+ miracles 9 ! ,acts4 ,:at he says "h1 & else:]e#be1 implies t !y 7 frequ5tly work$1 & especially at ,cor9?1 :]e no su* ev5ts are record$ 9 ! hi/ory4 ,:at x is important = u to recognize is1 t ,/4 ,paul s pla9ly & repeat$ly appeals1 9 ! face ( ^? :o c\ld be> witness1 to ! fact t he himself _h p[] giv5 to him to "w miracles1 z if x 7 indisputable4 #e4 ,/4 ,paul tells u t he _h x specially laid ^u him by ! apo/les ( ! circumcision t he 0 to 'rememb] ! poor1' i4e4 ! poor ,*ri/ians at ,j]usalem2 :]e pov]ty 0 specially rife1 because1 z we %\ld ga!r1 ! weal?i] ,jews _h held alo( f ,*ri/ianity#bf4 ,& ?is1 he adds1 0 ! v ?+ he himself 0 zeal\s to d#bg4 ,h[ mu* x 0 9 8 m9d1 bo? ! ,acts & 8 own epi/les be> witness4 ,we he> mu* 9 #ahf ! epi/les to ! ,cor9?ians#bh ( ! collection made 9 ! *ur*es ( ,mac$onia & ,a*aia4 ,n only 0 ?is expression ( ,g5tile good w int5d$ to conciliate ! half-ali5at$ & suspici\s ,jewi% ,*ri/ians ( ,j]usalem1 b ! acceptance ( ! gift at ,/4 ,paul's h&s1 z ! fruit ( 8 own lab\r1 0 to dim9i% _! suspicion ( himself4 ,/4 ,paul 0 at pa9s to prev5t any suspicion atta*+ to 8 adm9i/ration ( ?is b\nty1 & at e po9t we p]ceive h[ mu* tr\ble he took ab\t ! matt]4 ,b1 hopeful & zeal\s z he 0 ab\t ?is "w ( *>ity1 he did n und]rate its dang]s4 ,8 urg5t reque/ = ! ,roman ,*ri/ians' pray]s 9 ?is passage1 & 8 read9ess to meet 8 dea?1 if ne$ be1 at ,j]usalem1 z express$ 9 ! n>rative ( ! ,acts1 %[ u t he knew ! dang] he 0 incurr+ f ! fi]ce ho/ility ( ! ,j]usalem ,jews4 #f4 ,?is passage ab\t ! collection#bi1 c\pl$ ) ! allusion to ,c5*reae1 ! port ( ,cor9?1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! next *apt]1 & ! allusion to ! ,cor9?ian ,gaius z ,/4 ,paul's ho/#cj1 enable u to fix ! occasion ( #ahg ! writ+ ( ?is epi/le exactly at ! mom5t record$ 9 ,acts xx4 #c--! end ( 8 ?ree mon?s' resid5ce 9 ,greece4 ,we also ga!r f ! ,acts#ca1 z well z f ?is epi/le1 t x 0 8 int5tion at t p]iod1 :5 he _h paid 8 visit to ,j]usalem1 to g to ,rome4 ,once m we "k f ! ,acts#cb t ,sosipat] & ,timo?y 7 ) him at ?is po9t1 & !y jo9 9 ! greet+s ( ! epi/le#cc4 ,s t all ! indications tak5 toge!r fix ) wond]ful accuracy ! exact po9t :5 ! epi/le 0 writt5#cd4 #g4 ,we d well to note ! ^w us$ by ,/4 ,paul 9 ask+ ! ,roman ,*ri/ians' pray]s4 ,he begs !m to '/rive toge!r' ) him 9 _! pray]s4 ,?is ^w is a d]ivative ( t :i* describes our ,"l's 'agony' 9 pray]2 & ,orig5's comm5t ^u x is ?is3 ',h>dly any "o c pray )\t "s idle & ali5 ?\ght com+ into 8 m9d1 & lead+ (f & int]rupt+ ! int5d$ direction ( 8 m9d to ,god4444 ,&1 !re=e1 pray] is a great /riv+ 7agon1 wre/l+71 s t ! fix$ direction ( ! s\l t[>ds ,god may #ahh be ma9ta9$1 9 spite ( ! enemies :i* int]f]e & seek to scatt] ! s5se ( pray]2 s t "o :o prays may ju/ly say1 ) ,/4 ,paul1 ,i h f\ght a good fight2 ,i h f9i%$ my c\rse4' #a lii4 #ae1 accord+ to ! ,greek4 #b ',r\nd ab\t1' lit]ally '9 a circle1' z oppos$ to a /raight c\rse2 cf4 ,m>k vi4 #f1 'r\nd ab\t ! villages4' #c ,cf4 i4 #ac-af4 #d i4 #aa4 #e ',m9i/]+ 9 sacrifice' m>g4 #f ,cf4 ! op5+ ( #a ,cor41 a lett] :i* conta9s on ! :ole s mu* blame4 #g ,euseb4 ,h4 ,e4 iv4 #bc4 #h ,s&ay1 ,conception ( ,prie/hood 7,longmans71 p4 #hi4 #i ,l 'agape' 7see above1 p4 #aca1 n4 #b7 s ?is ^w 'liturgus' appe>s to h be5 adopt$ 9 its prie/ly s5se by ! ,greek translators ( ! ,bible f ! curr5t ,greek ( ,alex&ria1 cf4 ,deissmann1 ,bibel/udi51 pp4 #acg f4 #aj ,cf4 ,s4 & ,h4 9 loc4 ',mak+ sacrifice z a prie/ "u ! ,gospel4' #aa ,cf4 xii4 x4 #ab ,col4 i4 #bh3 ',tea*+ e man 444 t we may pres5t e man1' i4e4 pres5t him 9 sacrifice4 #ac ,= 8 repeat$ /atem5ts see app4 note ,i4 p4 #bdj4 #ad ,cf4 #a ,cor4 ix4 #ae2 xv4 #ca2 #b ,cor4 i4 #ad2 vii4 #d1 #ad2 viii4 #bd2 ix4 #c2 x4 #h1 #ac2 xi4 #aj1 #af-xii4 #i2 ,phil4 ii4 #af2 #a ,!ss4 ii4 #ai4 ,^! passages are wor? exam9+ 9 connexion4 #ae ,cf4 #b ,cor4 x4 #ae1 #af4 #af ,see #b ,cor4 xi4 #ag2 xii4 #a4 #ag #a ,cor4 i4 #ac ff4 #ah #a ,cor4 ii4 #a-e4 #ai ,gal4 vi4 #ad4 #bj ,see ,s4 & ,h4 9 loc4 #ba ,acts xx4 #b4 #bb i4 #ad1 #ae4 #bc ,n ,pet] !re=e1 ?\gh he 0 d\btless aft]w>ds at ,rome4 #bd ,ad ,cor4 #e1 see ,lightfoot 9 loc4 #be #b ,cor4 xii4 #ac4 #bf ,cf4 ,jas4 ii4 #e1 #f4 #bg ,gal4 ii4 #aj4 #bh #a ,cor4 xvi4 #a-d2 #b ,cor4 viii1 ix4 #bi ,cf4 ,acts xxiv4 #ag4 #cj ,rom4 xvi4 #bc4 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 i4 #ad1 :i* %[s u a ,gaius at ,cor9?4 ,cf4 ! allusion to ,era/us 9 ! same v]se1 c\pl$ ) #b ,tim4 iv4 #bj4 #ca ,acts xix4 #ba4 #cb ,acts xx4 #d4 #cc ,rom4 xvi4 #ba4 #cd ,see fur!r1 on ! purpose ( ! epi/le1 vol4 i4 pp4 #d ff4 #ahi ,,division ,,vi4 #b4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 #a-b4 ,a comm5dation4 ,"o /rong l9k among ,*ri/ians ( diff]5t t[ns1 con/ra9+ !m to rememb] t _! bro!rhood did n dep5d on physical ne>ness or p]sonal acqua9tance1 lay 9 ! 'lett]s ( comm5dation' f "o local *ur* to ano!r1 :i* ! ,*ri/ian travell] c>ri$ ) him4 ,& "h we h an example ( su* a lett] giv5 by ,/4 ,paul to ! ,cor9?ian deaconess1 ,phoebe1 :o 0 probably ! be>] ( 8 lett] to ! ,roman ,*ri/ians4 ,i comm5d unto y ,phoebe our si/]1 :o is a s]vant#a ( ! *ur* t is at ,c5*reae3 t ye receive h] 9 ! ,"l1 wor?ily ( ! sa9ts1 & t ye assi/ h] 9 :atsoev] matt] %e may h ne$ ( y3 = %e h]self also ha? be5 a succ\r] ( _m1 & ( m9e own self4 ,! necessity ( in/ruct+ wom5 inquir]s or cate*um5s1 visit+ !m at _! homes1 prep>+ !m = baptism1 att5d+ to _! #aij unclo?+ & reclo?+ at ! font1 & look+ aft] !m aft]w>ds1 =c$ ^u ! ,*ur* ! in/itution ( an ord] ( deaconesses1 side by side ) ! deacons & = simil> purposes4 ,pl9y f\nd ^! female (fic]s among ! ,*ri/ians 9 ,bi?ynia 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! second c5tury1 & !re is no reason :y already at ?is date ! female ord] %\ld n h exi/$#b4 ',"h we le>n1' says ,orig5 on ?is passage1 't female m9i/]s are recogniz$ 9 ! ,*ur*4' ,phoebe is also call$ a succ\r] or 'patroness' ( ,*ri/ians1 includ+ ,/4 ,paul1 :i* sugge/s a woman ( weal? & influ5ce4 ,if s1 we h "h an example ( weal?1 n ass]t+ itself b devot+ itself to s]vice1 accord+ to our ,"l's tea*+3 ',he t is greate/ among y %all be y\r s]vant 7deacon7'2 ',i am 9 ! mid/ ( y z he t s]ve? 7! deacon7#c4' ,su* an "o is to be receiv$ 9 a mann] 'wor?y ( ! sa9ts1' ! consecrat$ family ( ,god1 & to be all[$ to lack no?+ :i* ! ,roman ,*ri/ians c supply h] )4 #a ,or deaconess1 z m>g94 #b ,see on ?is subject ,deaconess ,cecilia ,rob9son1 ,! ,m9i/ry ( ,deaconesses 7,me?u51 #ahih71 & ,b]n>d1 ,pa/oral ,epi/les1 p4 #ei4 ,) ,lightfoot1 he int]prets #a ,tim4 iii4 #aa ( deaconesses r ?an ( ! wives ( ! deacons4 #c ,matt1 xxiii4 #aa2 ,luke xxii4 #cg4 #aia ,,division ,,vi4 #c4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 #c-af4 ,p]sonal greet+s4 ,!n ,/4 ,paul1 accord+ to 8 cu/om1 w9ds up 8 epi/le ) p]sonal greet+s4 ,9 ?is case !y are s5t to ! individual ,*ri/ians1 among ^? :o f v>i\s p>ts ( ! empire _h collect$ at ,rome1 ^: names 8 memory--s ret5tive ( p]sonal relation%ips--enabl$ him to recall4 ,salute ,prisca & ,aquila my fell[-work]s 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 :o = my life laid d[n _! own necks2 unto :om n only ,i give ?anks1 b also all ! *ur*es ( ! ,g5tiles3 & salute ! *ur* t is 9 _! h\se4 ,salute ,epa5etus my belov$1 :o is ! fir/fruits ( ,asia unto ,*ri/4 ,salute ,m>y1 :o be/[$ mu* lab\r on y4 ,salute ,&ronicus & ,junias#a1 my k9sm51 & my fell[-prison]s1 :o are ( note among ! apo/les1 :o also h be5 9 ,*ri/ be=e me4 ,salute ,ampliatus my belov$ 9 ! ,"l4 ,salute ,urbanus our fell[-work] 9 ,*ri/1 & ,/a*ys my belov$4 ,salute ,apelles ! approv$ 9 ,*ri/4 ,salute !m :i* are #aib ( ! h\sehold ( ,ari/obulus4 ,salute ,h]odion my k9sman4 ,salute !m ( ! h\sehold ( ,n>cissus1 :i* are 9 ! ,"l4 ,salute ,trypha5a & ,tryphosa1 :o lab\r 9 ! ,"l4 ,salute ,p]sis ! belov$1 :i* lab\r$ mu* 9 ! ,"l4 ,salute ,rufus ! *os5 9 ! ,"l1 & 8 "m & m9e4 ,salute ,asyncritus1 ,phlegon1 ,h]mes1 ,patrobas1 ,h]mas1 & ! bre?r5 t are ) !m4 ,salute ,philologus & ,julia1 ,n]eus & 8 si/]1 & ,olympas1 & all ! sa9ts t are ) !m4 ,salute "o ano!r ) a holy kiss4 ,all ! *ur*es ( ,*ri/ salute y4 #a4 ,aquila1 a ,pontic ,jew1 _h resid$ 9 ,rome1 d\btless 9 pursuit ( 8 bus9ess z a t5t-mak]2 b ! edict ( ,claudius _h compell$ him to quit ! capital 9 common ) 8 bre?r51 & he _h tak5 refuge at ,cor9? ) 8 wife ,prisca 7z ,/4 ,paul calls h]71 or ,priscilla 7accord+ to ,/4 ,luke#b72 & !re1 %ortly aft] _! arrival1 ,/4 ,paul _h f\nd !m1 made _! acqua9tance1 & comb9$ ) !m 9 a common trade4 ,to ?is 0 possibly due _! conv]sion to ,*ri/ianity4 ,:5 ,/4 ,paul left ,cor9?1 !y accompani$ him to ,ephesus1 & rema9$ !re :5 he left = ,j]usalem2 _! influ5tial position 9 ! ,*ri/ian community be+ indicat$ to u by _! deal+s ) s important a tea*] z #aic ,apollos4 ,:5 ,/4 ,paul _h return$ to ,ephesus1 & 0 writ+ 8 ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 _! h\se 0 ! c5tre = a ,*ri/ian congregation#c4 ,x 0 possibly dur+ ! ,ephesian di/urbances t !y risk$ _! lives1 or 'laid d[n _! own necks' = ,/4 ,paul4 ,:e!r on acc\nt ( ?is p]il incurr$1 or = :atev] reason1 !y return$1 z !y 7 n[ free to d1 to ,rome4 ,! ,epi/le to ! ,romans foll[s ! ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians by n m ?an a ye>1 & x f9ds ,prisca & ,aquila e/abli%$ at ,rome1 ) a *ur* meet+ at _! h\se4 ,probably !y _h be5 ,/4 ,paul's in=mants z to affairs among ! ,roman ,*ri/ians4 ,a good _m ye>s aft]w>ds1 :5 ,/4 ,paul 0 writ+ 8 ,second ,epi/le to ,timo?y#d1 we he> ( !m aga9 at ,ephesus4 ,s mu* travell+ z we f9d 9 _! life 0 n unusual 9 ! ,roman empire1 & p]haps lea/ ( all among ! ,jews4 ,! fact t ,priscilla is g5]ally m5tion$ be=e h] husb&1 bo? by ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,luke#e1 z if %e 7 m important1 comb9$ ) 7#a7 a tradition :i* connects h] ) ! #aid titulus 7or p>i%-*ur*7 ,priscae at ,rome1 7#b7 evid5ce connect+ ! ,coemet]ium ,priscillae ) ! ,acilian g5s1--has l$ "s s*ol>s to believe t ,priscilla 0 a noble ,roman lady m>ri$ to a ,jewi% husb&4 ,b ! evid5ce is n cog5t1 & x is m likely t bo? %e & h] husb& ow$ _! ,roman names to be+ fre$m5#f4 ,x 0 probably h] prom95ce among ! ,*ri/ians :i* l$ to h] "n prec$+ t ( h] husb&4 ,we ne$ only ?9k ( ,phoebe & ,priscilla to und]/& h[ influ5tial wom5 7 9 ! e>lie/ ,*ri/ian *ur*es4 ',! *ur* 7:i* met7 at _! h\se' is a significant phrase#g4 ,! weal?i] ,*ri/ians1 or ^? ^: h\ses 7 commodi\s1 turn$ !m into *ur*es1 :]e ! neighb\r+ ,*ri/ians met = wor%ip1 love fea/ & eu*>i/4 ,sev]al ( ! olde/ *ur*es #aie 9 ,rome grew 9 ?is mann] out ( private h\ses4 #b4 ,/4 ,paul's brief *>act]izations ( individuals are full ( p]sonal memory & t5d]ness--'my belov$1 :o is ! fir/fruits ( ,asia unto ,*ri/#h1' ':o be/[$ mu* lab\r on y1' 'my k9sm5 7i4e4 ,jews7 & fell[ prison]s 7on "s occasion :i* we _c fix1 b :i* ,/4 ,paul rememb]s71 :o also 7 9 ,*ri/ be=e me1' 'our fell[ work]1' '! man approv$ 9 ,*ri/1' :o has be5 tri$ & f\nd n want+1 '8 "m & m9e4' ,/4 ,paul1 not)/&+ 8 wide ecclesia/ical plans & !ological lab\rs1 z he ?\ght no pa9s too mu* to be/[ on ! details ( 8 s*eme = collect+ ,g5tile money = ! ne$s ( poor ,jews1 s also nev] lets great designs obscure ! memory ( p]sons & _! intricate relations to himself4 #c4 ,&ronicus & ,junias 7or junianus7 are '( note among ! apo/les4' ,!re are o!r indications t ! t]m 'apo/le' 0 n conf9$ to ! twelve4 ,n ,/4 ,paul only1 b ,b>nabas also1 & ! ,"l's bro!r1 7 includ$ 9 x4 ,lat]1 9 ! ,dida*e1 we f9d x us$ 9 a wide b some:at dim s5se1 = ! #aif *ief tea*]s ( ! ,*ur* :o 7 n settl$ 9 p>ticul> *ur*es#i4 ,nev]!less1 ?is passage describ+ two m5 ( unkn[n names z 'conspicu\s among ! apo/les' is surpris+4 ,probably ! real requirem5t = %>+ ! title ( apo/le 0 to h receiv$ commission f ! ,"l 7z 'o!r sev5ty' did besides ! ,twelve71 & to h se5 ,him aft] ,8 resurrection4 ,^! two--'e>ly disciples' z ,/4 ,paul tells u--may h fulfill$ ^! requirem5ts4 ,!y 7 ,jews l himself1 :o ) him _h lab\r$ & suff]$4 ,!y w\ld be c5tres ( au?ority among ! ,*ri/ians at ,rome#aj3 & possibly to ! lay+ on ( _! h&s o!r bre?r5 at ,rome :o 'rul$' or 'taught' or 'm9i/]$' ow$ _! qualify+ gift4 ,*ryso/om takes ! second "n to be a woman's--,junia2 & expresses 8 a/oni%m5t at f9d+ a woman ?\ght wor?y ( ! title ( an apo/le4 #d4 ',!m t are ( ! h\sehold ( ,ari/obulus4' ,?is ,ari/obulus 0 v probably ! #aig gr&son ( ,h]od ! ,great1 :o liv$ & di$ at ,rome 9 a private /ation1 & ^: 'h\sehold' w\ld naturally include _m ,jews & ori5tals4 ,! foll[+ "n ( a ,jew sugge/s connexion ) ! ,h]ods4 #e4 ',rufus' may v likely be ! son ( ,simon ( ,cyr5e1 :om ,/4 ,m>k1 writ+ probably at ,rome1 ref]s to z well kn[n#aa4 #f4 ',a holy kiss4' ',x 0 f ?is & simil> words1' says ,orig51 't x has be5 h&$ d[n z a cu/om 9 ! ,*ur* t aft] ! pray] ! bre?r5 %\ld welcome "o ano!r ) a kiss4' ,he goes on to urge t ?is ritual kiss %\ld be nei!r un*a/e nor )\t real feel+4 #g4 ',all ! *ur*es ( ,*ri/ salute y4' ,?is unique phrase is probably us$1 z ,dr4 ,hort sugge/s1 to express h[ '! *ur* ( ,rome 0 an object ( love & respect to ,jewi% & ,g5tile *ur*es alike4' #a ,or ,junia 7a woman's "n71 z m>g94 #b ,see ! read+s ( ,rom4 xvi4 #c2 #a ,cor4 xvi4 #ai2 #b ,tim4 iv4 #ai 79 ,r4 ,v4 :i* is probably "r72 & ( ,acts xviii4 #b1 #ah1 #bf4 #c #a ,cor4 xvi4 #ai4 #d #b ,tim4 iv4 #ai4 #e ,twice out ( ?ree m5tions 9 ea* case4 #f ,p]haps bo? fre$m5 ( ! same memb] ( ! ,acilian g5s4 ,= ,priscus or ,prisca 7or ,priscilla7 0 a fav\rite cognom5 9 ! g5s1 & ! nom5 itself 0 commonly writt5 ,aquilius4 ,?is nom5 a male slave1 :5 fre$1 w\ld h borne 7besides 8 own "n & 8 ma/]'s pra5om572 & a female c\ld h borne ! cognom5 ,prisca or ,priscilla4 ',greek ,aklios c\ld be corrupt$ into ,greek ,aklas1 ! ,greek =m ( a diff]5t "n ,aquila4 #g ,cf4 ,acts xii4 #ab2 ,col4 iv4 #ae2 ,philem4 #b4 ,see ,s4 & ,h4 9 loc4 #h ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xvi4 #ae4 #i ,! t]m 'apo/le' is also us$ 9 #b ,cor4 viii4 #bc1 ,phil4 ii4 #be1 app>5tly 9 ! s5se ( mess5g]4 #aj ,o!rs1 includ+ ,liddon1 w\ld translate 'highly e/eem$ among1 i4e4 by1 ! apo/les' b ?is is n probable4 #aa ,m>k xv4 #ba4 #aih ,,division ,,vi4 #d4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 #ag-bj4 ,f9al w>n+4 ,some?+ occurr$ be=e ! lett] to ! ,romans 0 conclud$ & dispat*$ to make ,/4 ,paul ins]t a f9al w>n+ aga9/ false tea*]s1 :o 7 caus+ divisions & p]v]t+ ! gospel z all ,*ri/ians _h at fir/ receiv$ x1 9 ! int]e/s ( _! p]sonal aggr&izem5t4 ,/4 ,paul makes a brief b vigor\s appeal to ! ,romans to be true to _! fir/ ob$i5ce1 & ma9ta9 _! reputation unsulli$4 ,n[ ,i besee* y1 bre?r51 m>k !m :i* are caus+ ! divisions & occasions ( /umbl+1 contr>y to ! doctr9e :i* ye le>n$3 & turn away f !m4 ,= !y t are su* s]ve n our ,"l ,*ri/1 b _! own belly2 & by _! smoo? & fair spee* !y beguile ! he>ts ( ! innoc5t4 ,= y\r ob$i5ce is come abroad unto all m54 ,i rejoice !re=e ov] y3 b ,i w\ld h y wise unto t :i* is good1 & simple unto t :i* is evil4 ,& ! ,god ( peace %all bruise ,satan "u y\r feet %ortly4 ,! grace ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ be ) y4 #aii ,?is abrupt ins]tion /rongly rem9ds u ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians 7see i4 #g-i1 vi4 #ac71 & ( ! simil> outbur/ 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,philippians 7iii4 #a-c74 ,/4 ,paul believ$ t su* ,judaiz+ tea*+ 0 inconsi/5t ) ! fundam5tal ,*ri/ian 'tradition4' ,he does n imply t ,rome 0 already corrupt$1 b he sc5ts dang]4 #bjj ,,division ,,vi4 #e4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 #ba-bc4 ,salutations f ,/4 ,paul's companions4 ,timo?y my fell[-work] salute? y2 & ,lucius & ,jason & ,sosipat]1 my k9sm54 ,i ,t]tius1 :o write ! epi/le1 salute y 9 ! ,"l4 ,gaius my ho/1 & ( ! :ole *ur*1 salute? y4 ,era/us ! treasur] ( ! city salute? y1 & ,qu>tus ! bro!r4 ,mo/ ( ^! p]sons are v probably o!rwise kn[n to u4 ,leav+ aside ! well-kn[n ,timo?y1 we f9d a ,lucius ( ,cyr5e among ! prophets 9 ,acts xiii4 #aa2 a ,jason at ,!ssalonica1 z ,/4 ,paul's ho/1 9 ,acts xvii4 #e ff2 a ,sopat] 7or ,sosipat]7 ( ,b]oea1 ,acts xx4 #d4 ,gaius 0 "o ( ! few :om ,/4 ,paul _h baptiz$ at ,cor9? 7#a ,cor4 i4 #ad71 & ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 x appe>s1 met at 8 h\se4 ,era/us1 ! treasur] ( ,cor9?1 is probably ! man m5tion$ 9 #b ,tim4 iv4 #bj4 #a ,& closely associat$ ) ,/4 ,paul4 #bja ,,division ,,vi4 #f4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 #be-bg4 ,f9al ,doxology4 ,n[ to him t is able to /abli% y accord+ to my gospel & ! prea*+ ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 accord+ to ! revelation ( ! my/]y :i* ha? be5 kept 9 sil5ce ?r\gh times et]nal1 b n[ is manife/$1 & by ! scriptures ( ! prophets1 accord+ to ! comm&m5t ( ! et]nal ,god1 is made kn[n unto all ! nations unto ob$i5ce ( fai?2 to ! only wise ,god1 ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/1 to :om#a be ! glory = ev]4 ,am54 ,!re is no idea 9 ?is doxology ) :i* ?is epi/le has n made u famili> 9 sub/ance4 ,we h be5 l$ to ?9k ( ! gospel1 n[ proclaim$ & entru/$ to ,/4 ,paul1 z ! disclosure ( a div9e purpose long work+ secretly3 we h be5 bidd5 to adore ! unfa?omable res\rcefulness ( ! wisdom ( ,god3 we h be5 con/antly ref]r$ to ! #bjb te/imony borne by law & prophets to ! gospels3 we h be5 made famili> ) ! object ( ! evangelical prea*+1 z be+ to secure '! ob$i5ce ( fai? among all ! nations4' ,& a p>ticul> phrase 9 an epi/le writt5 ab\t ! same "t#b--',we speak ! wisdom ( ,god 9 a my/]y1 ev5 ! wisdom t ha? be5 hidd51 :i* ,god =eorda9$ be=e ! worlds unto our glory1 :i* 444 unto u ,god reveal$ by 8 ,_s1'--is /rik+ly p>allel to ! beg9n+ ( ! doxology4 ,at ! same "t ! elaborate ri*ness ( ! /yle1 z well z _m ( ! ideas1 rem9ds u irresi/ibly ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians#c4 ,?is1 c\pl$ ) ! fact t !re is consid]able au?ority = plac+ ! doxology at ! end ( *ap4 xiv1 has l$ "s s*ol>s to adopt ! idea--accept$ & elaborat$ by ,dr4 ,lightfoot--t ,/4 ,paul fir/ wrote ! epi/le d[n to xvi4 #bc1 z 8 ,epi/le to ! ,romans1 & subsequ5tly1 p]haps dur+ "o ( 8 soj\rns at ,rome1 turn$ x into a circul> lett]1 omitt+ = ?is purpose ! la/ two *apt]s1 ) _! p]sonal matt]1 & add+ ! doxology 9 #bjc ! ri* mann] ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians4 ,subsequ5tly ! doxology w\ld h be5 add$ also to ! complete epi/le4 ,!re are _m difficulties 9 su* a !ory4 ,especially :y %\ld ! beg9n+ ( *ap4 xv be cut (f f ! end ( *ap4 xiv1 :5 !re is no break 9 ?\ght8 ,b ,i d n pursue ! subject "h#d1 = x w\ld be out ( place1 & ali5 to our practical purpose4 ,!re is no gr\nd = d\bt+ t ! :ole ( :at we receive z ! epi/le 0 writt5 by ,/4 ,paul2 & no gr\nd = ?9k+ t any "p ( ! :ole1 d[n to xvi4 #bc1 0 n f\nd 9 ! lett] z orig9ally c>ri$ by ,phoebe2 b x _c be d5i$ t "s my/]y1 n easily solv$1 hangs ab\t ! manifold & int]rupt$ conclusions ( ! epi/le2 & t ! ri* /yle ( ! doxology is some:at unlike bo? ! re/ ( ! epi/le1 & ! o!r epi/les ( ?is p]iod4 ,h[ev]1 :e!r or no x 0 writt5 at a lat] date1 at lea/ x =ms a spl5did summ+ up ( :at is probably ! greate/ & mo/ influ5tial lett] ev] writt54 ,& !re is no tea*+ :i* we m #bjd urg5tly ne$ to-day ?an ! tea*+ ( ?is epi/le4 ,:e!r ! ne$ be to exp& our p]sonal religion into social s]vice1 & also to re9vigorate our social s]vice ) ! p[] ( p]sonal religion2 or s to reass]t ! div9e au?ority ( ! ,*ur* z nev] to =get t x dep5ds = its vitality ^u p]sonally conv]t$ he>ts2 or to tea* m5 to rememb] ! inexorable sev]ity ( div9e judgem5t1 z well z ! dep? ( ! div9e compassion2 or to rebuke ! %all[ness :i* attempts to sep>ate ,*ri/ian "* f ,*ri/ian doctr9e2 or to h>monize individual fre$om ) ! social claim2 or to imp>t to self-sacrifice ! _s ( humility & gladness & indomitable hope2 or at once to exalt & re/rict ! function ( ! ,/ate2 or to emphasize ! true gr\nds & limits ( tol]ation 9 a ca?olic *ur*--:atev]1 "o may almo/ say1 be ! ne$ to :i* ! special defici5cies & p]ils ( our *ur* & age give rise1 or ( :i* at ! mom5t we are mo/ consci\s1 ! tea*+ ( ,/4 ,paul 9 ?is epi/le is f\nd to meet x full face4 ,truly we may ?ank ,god ) a cont9ually gr[+ gratitude = ! gift to u ( a lett] s inexhau/ibly full ( spiritual weal?1 & s complete 9 its provision = ! :ole ( life4 #a ,if we reta9 ! words 'to :om' ! gramm> ( ! s5t5ce breaks d[n1 b ! object to :om praise is ascrib$ is probably ! ,fa!r4 #b #a ,cor4 ii4 #g1 #aj4 #c ,see especially ,eph4 iii4 #a-ac4 ,cf4 also #b ,tim4 i4 #i-aa2 ,titus i4 #b1 #c4 #d ,x is fully treat$ 9 ,lightfoot's ,biblical ,essays 7,macmillan1 #ahid71 pp4 #bhg ff1 by ,lightfoot himself & ,hort f diff]5t po9ts ( view1 & by ,s4 & ,h41 pp4 lxxxv4 ff4 #bje ,,app5d$ ,,notes ,,note ,a4 ,see vol4 i4 p4 #ei4 ,,! ,,mean+s ,,( ,,! ,,^w ',,fai?4' ,! hi/ory ( ! orig9al ,hebrew & ,greek words = believ+ or fai?1 is v int]e/+4 ,! ,hebrew v]b 7'aman'7 means 'to prop' or 'support'#a4 ,n[ 7#a7 a =m ( ?is v]b means 'to be support$1' h5ce 'to be firm1' h5ce 'to be tru/wor?y'2 7#b7 ano!r =m ( ! v]b means 'to support oneself on1' & h5ce 'to tru/1' 'to believe4' ,f 7#a7 comes ! ,hebrew sub/antive 7'emunah'7 mean+ 'fai?fulness1' 'tru/wor?9ess1' :i* is us$1 z else:]e1 s also 9 ,habakkuk ii4 #d4 ,9 t passage x is reveal$ to ! prophet1 t1 :ile ! app>5tly ov]:elm+ wave ( ,*aldaean b>b>ism rolls ov] him & passes away1 '! j man %all live 7or save 8 life7 by 8 fai?fulness4' ,b ?is fai?fulness ( ! righte\s ,israelite means a fai?ful hold+ on ?r\gh ! d>k days to ! ^w ( ,god z to a secure gr\nd ( confid5ce2 & ?us ! sub/antive us$ 9 ?is place 9 ! ,greek ,bible 7'pi/is'7 t5ds to pass into ! mean+ :i* x mo/ly1 ?\gh n always#b1 has 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t--a mean+ d]iv$ #bjf n f =m 7#a7 b f =m 7#b7 ( ! ,hebrew v]b m5tion$ above 7:i* h[ev] _h no correspond+ sub/antive7--tru/ or fai? 9 ! ^w & promise ( ano!r1 especially ,god or ,*ri/2 or1 /ill m *>act]i/ically1 tru/ 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/ & s ( ,god4 ,ev5 "u ?is head+ ( belief or tru/ ! range ( ! ^w's mean+ is consid]able4 ,9 "o passage ( ,/4 ,james' ,epi/le x is a b>e intellectual recognition ( ! tru? ( ?+s1 )\t any moral value 7'! devils also believe' t ,god is "o1 ,james ii4 #ai74 ,m (t5 x is t confid5ce 9 ! div9e ^w or promise1 by :i* ! good man1 9 lack ( pres5t evid5ce1 su/a9s 8 c\rage or 8 pray] & w9s 8 victory ov] ! _w3 s especially 9 ,hebr4 xi1 ,luke xviii4 #h1 ,james ii4 #bc1 #b ,cor4 v4 #g1 #a ,john v4 #d4 ,b its mo/ *>act]i/ic use1 z said above1 is :at fir/ appe>s 9 ! ,gospels4 ,! p]son ( ,jesus is !re repres5t$ z elicit+ f m5 a supreme tru/ 9 ,8 p[] to heal diseases1 & also to satisfy t deep] human ne$ ( :i* ! disease is an outw>d symbol4 ,& ?is p[] ( ,jesus to heal m5 9 body & s\l is se5 9 ! ,gospels to dep5d ^u ! ext5t ( _! fai?3 ',?y fai? ha? sav$ !e2' ',accord+ to ?y fai? be x unto !e4' ,?us ,jesus ,*ri/ appe>s con/antly z inspir+1 requir+1 & rew>d+ fai? 9 ,himself1 & t z ! manife/$ ,son ( ,god1 e4g4 ,john xiv4 #a4 ,?is is '! fai? :i* is ?r\gh ,him1' i4e4 :i* ,he produces2 & :i* z 'fai? 9 ,8 "n' rema9s ! *>act]i/ic ,*ri/ian quality :5 ,he is gone f sight 7,acts iii4 #af74 ',! fai?' 9 ! ,acts 7vi4 #g1 xiii4 #h1 xiv4 #bb1 c47 means ?is ,*ri/ian attitude t[>ds ! unse5 b liv+ & en]giz+ ,*ri/4 ,?us :5 ,/4 ,paul came to believe 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 'fai? 9 ,jesus1'--z mean+ n m]ely acceptance ( ,8 claim or ( ,8 ^w or ( ,8 grace1 b #bjg :ole-he>t$ devotion to ,8 p]son1 entire self-surr5d] or self-committal to ,*ri/ or ,god 9 ,*ri/--became ! dom9ant note ( 8 new /ate3 ',i "k him :om ,i h believ$1 & ,i am p]suad$ t he is able to gu>d t :i* ,i h committ$ unto him aga9/ t day' 7#b ,tim4 i4 #abc74 ,& ?is same devotion to ,*ri/ becomes1 9 ,/4 ,paul's !ology1 9 its v>i\s /ages1 ! only gr\nd ( man's acceptance ) ,god4 ,& ?\gh he uses 'fai?' 9 a morally l[] s5se1 z di/9ct f love--! fai? :i* qualifies = miracles 7#a ,cor4 xiii4 #b7--yet 9 8 *>act]i/ic s5se ( ! t]m x involves ! deepe/ love t[>ds its div9e object#d4 ,naturally1 z fai? is ?us ! *>act]i/ic ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ?is fai? 9 a p]son involves a belief ab\t ,him--,8 div9e son%ip1 ,8 resurrection1 ,8 mission ( ! ,_s--s '! fai?' comes to mean 7objectively7 t :i* ! ,*ri/ian believes1 or 8 cre$2 & ?is s5se ( ! ^w appe>s almo/ 9 ! ,acts1 9 ,gal4 i4 #bc1 & 9 ,eph4 iv4 #e1 & c]ta9ly 9 ! ,pa/oral ,epi/les frequ5tly 7see ,dr4 ,b]n>d 9 ,camb4 ,gr4 ,te/4 on #a ,tim4 i4 #ai7 & ,/4 ,jude's ,epi/le1 v]se #b4 #a ,we are famili> ) ! d]iv$ adv]b ( confirmation1 ',am54' #b ,9 ,rom4 iii4 #c1 ,matt1 xxiii4 #bc1 x is /ill us$ = 'fai?fulness4' #c ,9 spite ( ,ellicott1 ,holtzmann1 & ,b]n>d1 ,i believe ?is to be ! true r5d]+1 & n t ( ! ,r4,v4 m>g94 #d ,on ! developm5t ( ! pr9ciple ( fai? 9 ! s\l1 see vol4 i4 pp4 #bi1 #cj2 & on its naturalness1 9 ! highe/ s5se1 = man1 see pp4 #ba1 #bb4 ,,note ,b4 ,see vol4 i4 p4 #ajc4 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,^w ',,consci5ce4' ,!re is no ^w = consci5ce 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ',! conception1' says ,delitzs* 7,bibl4 ,psy*ology1 ,cl>k's #bjh trans41 p4 #afj71 'is n yet impress$ ^u x4' ,& he acc\nts = ?is by quot+1 ',! positive law took away its significance f ! natural moral consci\sness4' ,! ,jews1 t is--l o!r nations at c]ta9 /ages ( _! hi/ory--liv$ s con/antly "u ! detail$ guidance ( a law believ$ to be div9e1 t !re 0 n mu* room = reflection z to ! "r & wrong ( ?+s4 ,= ! idea ( consci5ce to develop1 ! w ( ,god mu/ be less cle>ly & decisively pron\nc$ z to ! details ( conduct4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 ( c\rse among ! ,jews1 9 proportion to _! belief 9 a cle> div9e law1 ! consci\sness ( hav+ done wrong2 & on ?is acc\nt a man's 'he>t' is describ$ z 'privy to' an (f5ce1 & z 'reproa*+' or 'smit+' him3 see #a ,k+s ii4 #dd1 ,job xxvii4 #fa1 #a ,sam4 xxiv4 #e1 xxv4 #ca1 #b ,sam4 xxiv4 #aj4 ,"h is ! root ( ! idea ( consci5ce1 i4e4 ( some?+ 9 ! man beh9d 8 surface self1 reflect+ ^u :at he has done1 a self beh9d himself acquitt+ or condemn+ him1 & s anticipat+ ! div9e judgem5t4 ,=1 z /at$ above#b1 ?is 0 9 ! ma9 ! ,/oic doctr9e ( consci5ce1 & x 0 among !m t ! idea 0 fir/ develop$4 ,consci5ce 0 conceiv$ ( z t 9 man :i* lay beh9d 8 work+ self & reflect$ on 8 actions aft] !y 7 done1 br++ !m into ! light ( ! 'law ( nature' or univ]sal div9e law = man4 ,!re is ?us1 z x 71 9 ea* man a d\ble self1 or d\ble consci\sness 7consci5tia71 s t "o c reflect ^u himself1 & pass judgem5t on 8 own actions4 ,x is 9 ?is s5se ( a self-judg+ faculty 9 all m5 reflect+ on :at !y h done1 anticipat+ a div9e #bji judgem5t1 t ! idea ( consci5ce 0 acclimatiz$ among ! ,jews4 ,?us1 9 ,wisdom xvii4 #aa1 we read1 ',= wick$ness1 condemn$ by a witness )91 is a c[>d ?+1 & be+ press$ h>d by consci5ce1 always =eca/e? ! wor/ lot4' ,9 ,/4 ,john viii4 #i1 accord+ to "o read+1 ! ,jews are 'convict$ by _! own consci5ce4' ,s ,/4 ,paul1 9 ! passage discuss$ above 7ii4 #ae71 seems to di/+ui% ! subsequ5t reflective 'consci5ce' f ! previ\s in=m+ reason1 '! effect 7equival5t7 ( ! law writt5 9 _! he>ts4' ,& 9 mo/ ( ! passages ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ?is mean+ ( consci5ce--! faculty by :i* we sit 9 judgem5t on :at we h already done--is suffici5t4 ,b sometimes1 z also among ! ,/oics#c1 ! ^w passes into mean+ ! positive direct+ faculty1 z :5 7#a ,cor4 viii4 #aj7 a man's 'consci5ce' is said to be 'embold5$' to adopt a new practice1 or 7,hebr4 ix4 #ad7 to be cleans$ = positive s]vice4 ,moreov]1 ?\gh x is an individual faculty 7see ,rom4 ii4 #ae71 & exi/s prim>ily to pass judgem5t on "o's own actions only1 yet p]=ce x mu/ also look )\t & condemn or approve ! actions ( o!rs 7#b ,cor4 iv4 #b1 v4 #aa74 ,/4 ,paul also br+s into notice t our consci5ce is a faculty = ! condition ( :i* we are responsible4 ,x is n ! voice ( ,god1 b a faculty capable ( reflect+ ,8 voice1 if x be well gu>d$4 ,?us y may h a 'weak' or a '/rong1' i4e4 a m or less enlight5$1 consci5ce 7#a ,cor4 viii74 ,& a man may 'defile' 8 'm9d & consci5ce1' i4e4 he may corrupt 8 moral reason & p[]s ( moral self-judgem5t 7,tit4 i4 #ae74 #baj ,!n ! 'consci5ce' may become h>d5$ & 'se>$' 7#a ,tim4 iv4 #b71 s t '! light t is 9' m5 becomes itself 'd>kness' accord+ to our ,"l's w>n+ 7,/4 ,matt4 vi4 #bc74 ,& !re is no?+ :i* is m necess>y at ! pres5t day ?an to rem9d m5 t !y are n 'safe' because !y are n act+ aga9/ _! consci5ce1 unless !y are also con/antly at pa9s to enlight5 _! consci5ce & keep x 9 ! light1 by ! help ( ! be/ moral ?\ght ( _! "t1 ! guidance ( ! ,*ur* & ! ^w ( ,god4 ,our consci5ce1 if x is rightly to reassure u by its witness1 mu/1 l ,/4 ,paul's consci5ce1 be> its witness '9 ! ,holy ,gho/' 7,rom4 ix4 #a74 ,) u mod]ns 'consci5ce' has g5]ally ! wid] mean+ ( ! :ole practical moral consci\sness4 ,x enjo9s z well z judges1 & is occupi$ ) ! pres5t & ! future1 z well z ) ! pa/4 #a ,9 ,,lxx ,greek ou gr snoida emaut topa prxas4 #b ,vol4 i4 p4 #ajc1 n4 #b4 #c e4g4 :5 consci5ce 0 describ$ by ,epictetus z ! gr[n man's inw>d tutor p$agogue1 :i* mu/ obvi\sly mean t x is to in/ruct z well z reprove4 ,,note ,c4 ,see vol4 i4 p4 #abi4 ,,rec5t ,,reactions ,,f ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,ab\t ,,hell4 ,!re is no d\bt t !re has be5 )9 ! la/ =ty ye>s a great1 & 9 l>ge measure legitimate1 reaction f ! old--m$iaeval & ,calv9i/--tea*+ ab\t hell4 ,b "o :o reads ! e>ly *apt]s ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans1 or ! ,gospels1 or o!r p>ts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 9 view ( ?is reaction1 w probably feel an uncom=table s5se t x has gone too f>4 ,x is wor? :ile !n to try & discrim9ate4 ,to put ! matt] 9 z brief a summ>y z befits a note1 ,i %\ld hold t ! reaction has be5 legitimate s f> z x has involv$ a repudiation (-- #baa 7#a7 ! ,calv9i/ doctr9e t ,god has creat$ "s m51 no matt] :e!r _m or few1 inevitably doom$ to ev]la/+ mis]y4 ,?is doctr9e is flat contr>y to "s p>ticul> /atem5ts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7z to its g5]al _s7 & is only a misund]/&+ ( o!rs 7see above1 pp4 #h1 #bi74 7#b7 any su* crude idea ( ! div9e judgem5t z t ,god condemns m5 = m]ely ext]nal reasons1 e4g4 because 9 fact1 ap>t f any "q ( w1 !y 7 n baptiz$1 or rema9$ pagans or h]etics4 ,su* a conception is q inadequate1 = ! div9e judgem5t p5etrates to ! he>t4 ,god is a fa!r3 ,he is absolutely equitable3 ,he judges m5 9 ! light ( _! opportunities4 ,he w reject none ^: w is n set to evil4 ',?is is ! judgem5t t 444 m5 lov$ ! d>kness r ?an ! light1 = _! works 7 evil' 7,john iii4 #ai74 7#c7 ! t5d5cy to exagg]ate :at is reveal$ to u1 & :at1 !re=e1 we c say we "k ab\t ! /ate ( man aft] dea?4 ,?us 7a7 !re is no?+ really reveal$ to u z to ! relative proportions ( sav$ & lo/4 7b7 ,x is c]ta9 t we only "k ( a probation = man "h & n[--',n[ is ! accept$ "t--n[ is ! day ( salvation4' ,& ! absolutely equitable ,fa!r may see ! conditions ( an adequate probation equally 9 e man's e>?ly lot4 ,x is !re=e fooli% to ent]ta91 or enc\rage any "o else to ent]ta91 an expectation ( any o!r /ate ( probation except t :i* we c]ta9ly h "h 9 ?is _w4 ',x is appo9t$ unto m5 once to die1 & aft] t ! judgem5t4' ,b if ,/4 ,pet] c\ld speak 7z ( a famili> subject7 ( ! 'gospel' z hav+ be5 'prea*$' by our ,"l's human _s 9 ,hades 'to ! dead1' i4e4 to ^? :o _h p]i%$ 9 _! wick$ness "u ! div9e judgem5t ( ! flood3 & prea*$ ) ! int5tion #bab t ! judgem5t might be turn$ into a bless+ & means ( spiritual life--& he c]ta9ly does speak ?us 7#a ,pet] iv4 #f1 cf4 iii4 #ai73 ,i d n see h[ we c d5y ! possibility at any p]iod1 or 9 ! case ( any p]son1 ( an unfulfill$ probation be+ accompli%$ beyond dea?4 7c7 ,c>eful att5tion to ! orig9 ( ! doctr9e ( ! necess>y immortality or inde/ructibility ( ea* human s\l1 z /at$ = in/ance by ,augu/9e & ,aqu9as#a1 w probably conv9ce u t x 0 no "p ( ! orig9al ,*ri/ian message1 or ( really ca?olic doctr9e#b4 ,x 0 r a speculation ( ,platonism tak+ possession ( ! ,*ur*4 ,& ?is consid]ation leaves op5 possibilities ( ! ultimate ext9ction ( p]sonal consci\sness 9 ! lo/1 :i* ,augu/9ianism some:at rudely1 clos$4 ,b to h convict$ our =efa!rs ( go+1 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( _! tea*+1 beyond :at 0 c]ta9ly reveal$1 af=ds no ju/ification = do+ ! same ourselves 9 an opposite extreme2 by ass]t+ = example positively 7a7 t almo/ all m5 w be 'sav$'2 or 7b7 t !re is probation to be look$ = beyond dea?2 or 7c7 t ! s\ls ( '! lo/' w be at ! la/ ext+ui%$4 ,^! positive positions are no m ju/ifi$ ?an ^? ( our =efa!rs :i* we h deprecat$4 ,we mu/ recognize ! limits ( positive k4 ,& :5 we h come to ! end ( :at a legitimate reaction f ! tea*+ ( our =efa!rs re/ores to u1 9 ! direction ( a 'l>g] hope1' we are /ill face to #bac face ) ! fact ( 'et]nal judgem5t4' ,m51 z f> z _! individual de/9ies are conc]n$1 are pass+ t[>ds "o ( two ends1 n t[>ds "o only--a div9e judgem5t ( approval or ( condemnation2 & bo? judgem5ts are repres5t$ z f9al & irrev]sible2 & !y are ! inevitable outcome ( ! moral law by :i* our probation is realiz$--t volunt>y acts =m habits1 & habits /]eotype into a fix$ "*4 ,x is fooli% to look to ! process or mom5t ( dea? = r$emption f s92 = dea?1 z f> z we "k1 only transplants u ) ! "* we h made = ourselves1 & ) cont9u\s consci\sness1 into ! unkn[n _w2 s t if 9 ?is life we h unfitt$ ourselves = ,god1 we mu/ f9d x out beyond dea?1 & "k !re ! full mean+ ( our awful miscalculation "h4 ,& ! awak5+ ( ! 'lo/' to :at !y h ca/ away--to ! mean+ ( irrev]sible self-exclusion f ! pres5ce ( ,god--is imag$ z unspeakably awful2 & _! /ate is pictur$ 9 metaphors & phrases descriptive bo? ( torm5t & f9ality--'out] d>kness1' 'gnaw+ worm1' 'unqu5*able fire1' 'et]nal puni%m5t1' 'et]nal s91' 's9 :i* %all n be =giv51 nei!r 9 ?is _w1 nor 9 t :i* is to come1' et]nal 'dea?1' or exclusion f et]nal life1 'et]nal ru91' 'wra? & indignation1 tribulation & angui%4' ,9 face ( all ^! say+s1 x seems to me indisputable t 'univ]salism'--! tea*+ t !re are to be none f9ally lo/--is an in/ance ( wilfulness4 ,to speak ( t :i* lies beyond dea?1 ev5 9 ! case ( ! wor/ & mo/ imp5it5t crim9al1 z a place ',:]e ,god unmakes b to remake ! s\l ,he else made fir/ 9 va9--:i* mu/ n be1' is1 ,i _c b feel1 9 flat contradiction to ! :ole tone ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 #bad ,x is no d\bt true t !re is 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t an expectation ( a f9al unity ( ! :ole univ]se 9 ,god1 & t we f9d x h>d to conceive ! relation ( lo/ s\ls 9 hell to ?is f9al unity4 ,c]ta9ly all legitimate av5ues ( dim conjecture t a v limit$ revelation all[s to be kept op51 ought to be kept op54 ,c]ta9ly we "k 9 "p--! p>tialness ( our k c h>dly be exagg]at$4 ,b we mu/ be true to bo? elem5ts 9 :at is disclos$ to u2 & ,dr4 ,m>t9eau has rem9d$ u#c h[ deeply '! belief 9 a sep>ate heav5 & hell1 & a correspond+ di/ribution ( m5 into only two classes ( good & bad1 fri5ds & enemies ( ,god1' ?\gh 'at fir/ sight no?+ c appe> m unnatural & defiant ( all fact1' is yet b\nd up ) '! inw>d look' ( moral evil & ! fundam5tal reality ( moral *oice4 ,9 fact x seems to be true to say t a really ,*ri/ian ,!ism1 & a really ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( human fre$om1 are insep>able f ! belief 9 ! possibility ( wilful s9 lead+ to f9al ru94 ',x is appo9t$ unto m5 once to die1 & aft] t ! judgem5t'2 & ?is judgem5t 9 ! case ( ^? ( u :o h wilfully h>d5$ !mselves1 or rema9$ loveless & love-reject]s1 9 face ( ! real (f] ( ,god to man 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 is a div9e condemnation :i* takes effect 9 an et]nal puni%m5t1 ! bitt]ness z well z ! ju/ice ( :i* ! s\l realizes1 & :i*--if x does n necess>ily mean an ev]la/+ cont9uance ( p]sonal consci\sness--is yet f9al & irrev]sible1 & unspeakably awful#d4 #a ,summa1 p>s4 #a1 qu4 #ge1 art4 #f1 ',respondeo dic5dum1 quod necesse e/ dic]e1 animam humanam1 quam dicimus intellectivum pr9cipium1 esse incorruptibilem4' #b ,see ,dr4 ,ag> ,beet's ,la/ ,?+s 7,hodd] & ,/\ghton1 #ahih71 pp4 #aid ff1 & ,glad/one's ,/udies ,subsidi>y to ,butl] 7,ox=d1 #ahif71 "p ii4 pp4 #bfj ff4 #c ,see ,types ( ,e?ical ,!ory 7,ox=d1 #ahhe71 ii4 pp4 #fj ff4 #d ,! only passage 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* /rongly sugge/s an ev]la/+ p]si/5ce ( p]sonal consci\sness ( pa91 is ,rev4 xx4 #aj1 ',%all be torm5t$ day & night = ev] & ev]4' ,?is is explicit en\gh4 ,b ,i am p]suad$ t all ! numb]s & expressions = p]iods ( "t 9 ! ,apocalypse are /rictly symbolical4 ',a ?\s& ye>s1' '=ty & two mon?s1' '?ree days & a half1' 'day & night = ev] & ev]1' are expressions :i* h to be translat$ into "s moral equival5t be=e !y c be made ! basis ( lit]al tea*+4 ,?us 'day & night = ev] & ev]' describes 9 a picture ! complet5ess ( ! f9al ov]?r[ & ! angui% ( ! enemies ( ! ,lamb4 ,! symbolical "* ( ! expression is fur!r indicat$ by '! bea/' & '! false prophet'--!mselves symbolical figures--be+ ) ! devil ! subjects ( ! torm5t4 ,"s w say t ! det]r5t effect ( ! doctr9e ( hell dep5ds ^u its be+ held to be a /ate ( /rictly endless consci\s torm5t4 ,i d n believe ?is is ! case4 ,! language ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is full en\gh ( det]r5t horror if we are fai?ful to x4 ,& aft] all1 ?is is all we h a "r to be4 #bae ,,note ,d4 ,see vol4 i4 pp4 #adc ff4 ,,difficulties ,,ab\t ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,! ,,atonem5t4 ,i h endeav\r$ above to sket* ! positive conception ( ! ,atonem5t1 z ,/4 ,paul seems to put x be=e u4 ,*ri/ inaugurates ! *ur* ( ! new cov5ant1 ! new life ( union ) ,god4 ,he lays its basis 9 a great act ( rep>ation to ! righte\sness ( ,god1 :i* '! old ,adam' _h cont9ually outrag$4 ,?is act ( rep>ation lies 9 a moral sacrifice ( ob$i5ce1 c>ri$ to ! extreme po9t by ! %$d+ ( ,8 blood4 ,?is is ! great propitiation 9 virtue ( :i* ,god is enabl$1 )\t moral misund]/&+1 to =give freely ! s9s ( any "o :o comes 9 fai? to unite himself to ,*ri/1 & set him free to beg9 ! new life4 ,! subject is a div9e 'my/]y1' & we %all nev] adequately probe x4 ,nay m1 "o man's ?\ght w rightly seem inadequate to ano!r1 :o has ga9$1 or ?9ks he has ga9$1 "s special av5ue ( insight into #baf ! div9e dep?s4 ,b :5 we pass f special po9ts ( view1 :i* are necess>ily m or less individual1 & c nev] become c]ta9ties = m5 9 g5]al--:5 we pass on to ! gr\nd ( :at %\ld be ! common *ur* belief1 ! /atem5t ( ! orig9al revelation1 x is n1 x seems to me1 liable to any ( ! famili> moral objections1 or inde$ a subject ( any special difficulty4 ,! difficulties exp]i5c$ by ! moral consci\sness ( our age h be5 due to gross & unnecess>y misund]/&+s1 ( :i* ! foll[+ are1 p]haps1 ! mo/ consid]able4 7#a7 ,! propitiation has become sep>at$ f ! new life1 = :i* x m]ely prep>es ! way4 ,x has be5 elevat$1 ) disa/r\s moral results1 f a means to an end4 ,*ri/'s "w = u has be5 treat$ ap>t f ,8 "w 9 u1 9 :i* alone x is realiz$4 ,he alone c act = all m51 because ,he only c be _! new life )94 ,b on ?is see vol4 i4 pp4 #ada f1 & ,ephes4 pp4 #ed ff4 7#b7 ,! idea ( inju/ice has be5 introduc$ into ! 'transaction' ( ! ,atonem5t1 & has be5 ! mo/ fruitful s\rce ( difficulty2--b q unnecess>ily4 ,!re is a /ory t :5 ,edw>d ,,vi 0 a *ild1 & des]v$ puni%m5t1 ano!r boy 0 tak5 & :ipp$ 9 8 place4 ,?is mon/r\sly unju/ transaction has be5 tak5 by ,*ri/ian tea*]s z an illu/ration ( ! ,atonem5t2 & x is truly an illu/ration ( ! ,atonem5t z !y misconceiv$ x4 ,b ! misconception is gratuit\s3 !re is no real resemblance 9 ! two cases4 ,= fir/1 :at is repres5t$ to u 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t is n t ,jesus ,*ri/1 an innoc5t p]son1 0 puni%$1 )\t ref]5ce to ,8 own w1 by a ,god :o ?us %[$ ,himself indiff]5t z to :om ,he puni%$ s long z "s "o suff]$4 ,b ,he1 be+ ,himself v ,god1 ! ,son ( ! ,fa!r1 ! adm9i/rator ( ! #bag moral law & judge ( ! _w1 ( ,8 own w became man1 & suff]$ :at ! s9 ( ! _w laid ^u ,him1 9 ord] t ,he might lift ! _w out ( s94 ,volunt>y self-sacrifice = o!rs is at lea/ n to be describ$ z inju/ice4 ,at lea/ we rejoice to recognize t ,god accepts su* self-sacrifice4 ,x is to vic>i\s self-sacrifice l our ,"l's t ! human race owes ! great] "p ( :atev] moral progress x has hi!rto made4 ,secondly1 ,god is n repres5t$ z impos+ any specially devis$ puni%m5t on ,8 only ,son 9 our nature4 ,z ! matt] is /at$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ,he requir$ ( ,him ob$i5ce1 ! ob$i5ce prop] to man2 &1 if we reg>d sympa?y ) our fell[ m5 z a "p ( our duty to ,god1 we may say ob$i5ce only4 ,?us1 ',lo1 ,i come to d ?y w1 ,o ,god' is ! "o cry ( ! ,*ri/4 ,9 ,8 simple acceptance ( ! :ole ( human duty lies ! moral ess5ce & value ( ,8 sacrifice4 ,all ! physical & m5tal suff]+s ( ,*ri/ came out ( ,8 fulfilm5t ( ! human ideal1 ,godw>d & manw>d1 & 7 involv$ 9 x4 ,he di$ because ob$i5ce to ! t]ms ( ,8 mission--'! ^w ( tru?1 & meekness1 & righte\sness'--9 a _w ( s9 su* z ?is is1 involv$ dy+4 ',he 0 ob$i5t' )\t res]ve--'unto dea?1 ev5 ! dea? ( ! cross#a4' ,! value ( ! blood%$d+ lies 9 ?is1 s f> z ,scripture enables u to judge--t x repres5ts utt] ob$i5ce "u conditions :i* human s91 ! s9 ( ,jews & ,g5tiles1 laid ^u ,him3 & x 0 9 ?is s5se1 :i* does n leave out ( consid]ation ! m5tal torm5t caus$ to ,8 s9less _s by contact ) s9#b1 t ,he 'b>e our s9s 9 8 body #bah on ! tree1' & t '! ,"l made to light on him ! iniquity ( u all4' ,:at is ascrib$ to ! ,fa!r is t ,he 'sp>$ n' ,8 only ,son by miracul\sly exempt+ ,him f ! consequ5ces ( ,8 mission2 & t ,he =esaw1 ov]rul$1 & us$ = ,8 own wise & lov+ purposes ! s9 ( m5#c4 ,?irdly & la/ly1 ! ,*ri/ 7z repres5t$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t7 did n suff] 9 ord] t we might be let (f ! puni%m5t = our own s9s1 b 9 ord] to br+ u to ,god4 ',by 8 /ripes we are'--n excus$ puni%m5t1 b--'heal$4' ,9 fact1 !re are two di/+ui%able puni%m5ts = s94 ,!re is ! spiritual puni%m5t1 :i* is involv$ 9 be+ morally ali5at$ f ,god1 :i* may become irrev]sible & et]nal1 b :i* is gone :5 ! moral ali5ation is gone4 ,f ?is ,*ri/ deliv]s u 9 mak+ u at "o aga9 ) ! ,fa!r1 b ,he ,himself did n endure x4 ,god =bid t we %\ld imag9e su* a ?+6 ,besides ?is !re is ! temporal p5alty :i* our s9s br+ z inevitable consequ5ces ^u ourselves & ^u ! race4 ,all ^! consequ5ces ( human s9 ! s9less ,*ri/ bore = u1 b n t we might be let (f #bai be>+ !m4 ,we mu/ be> !m too--bo? ! dea? ( ! body & ! *a/isem5t ( p>ticul> s9s4 ,*ri/ bore ! puni%m5t ( s9s t 7 n ,8 own1 9 ord] t 9 our case ! puni%m5ts ( s9s :i* are our own might1 ?r\gh ,8 br++ u back to ,god1 be conv]t$ into heal+ *a/isem5ts & graci\s p5ances4 ,! record ( ,god's deal+s ) ,8 sa9ts is /ill1 z 9 ,ps4 xcix4 #h1 t !y are he>d1 =giv5 & puni%$4 ,h[ gratuit\sly !n ! idea ( inju/ice has be5 introduc$ into ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/'s sacrifice = u becomes evid5t :5 once x is br\ght )9 ! scriptural limits4 ,*ri/ suff]$ volunt>ily4 ,he suff]$ simply :at 0 involv$ 9 becom+ man 9 a _w ( s94 ,he suff]$1 ! righte\s = ! unrighte\s1 t ,he might br+ u back to ,god1 t s we might h grace to be> our own suff]+s & %>e ,84 ,?is alone1 x seems to me1 is :at ! ,new ,te/am5t c]ta9ly tea*es4 ,& ! matt] ( mo/ importance is t1 ridd+ our m9ds ( di/ract+ & (t5 ne$less difficulties1 we %\ld dr9k 91 ) he>t & intellig5ce alike1 ! full =ce ( :at is c]ta9ly "p ( ! ,gospel--! doctr9e ( ! "o1 full1 p]fect1 & suffici5t atonem5t ) ! ,fa!r1 won = u by ! self-sacrifice ( ! ,*ri/4 #a ,phil4 ii4 #h2 ,hebr4 x4 #e-i4 #b ,! p]fect ,man p]fectly realiz$ ! mis]y & horror ( ! s9s on behalf ( :i* ,he suff]$4 ,h[ mu* is involv$ 9 ?is 9 ! way ( detail$ realization ( ea* individual s9 ( ea* individual s9n]1 is a matt] on :i* we h no cle> gr\nds = exact /atem5t4 #c ,i believe t no?+ m ?an ?is is really sugge/$ by ,scripture4 ,! phrase1 'made s9 = u' 7#b ,cor4 v4 #ba71 means1 ,i believe1 accord+ to ! cle> use ( ! ^w 9 ! ,,lxx1 'made a s9-(f]+ = u4' ,! same words 9 ! ,hebrew /& = s9 & s9-(f]+1 & ! use ( ! ,greek foll[s3 see especially 79 ,,lxx7 ,lev4 iv4 #ca1 ',x is ! s9 7 s9-(f]+7 ( ! assembly2' #bd1 ',x 7! goat7 is a s92' #bi1 ',he %all lay 8 h& ^u ! head ( ! s92' vi4 #be1 ',?is is ! law ( ! s9'2 viii4 #ad1 ',! bullock ( ! s94' ,cf4 ,hos4 iv4 #h1 c4 ,,note ,e4 ,see vol4 i4 p4 #aif4 ,,evolution ,,& ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,! ,,fall4 ,!re is a wide-spread & popul> notion t a m>k$ contradiction exi/s betwe5 ! biological !ory #bbj ( evolution & ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! ,fall1 :i* may be /at$ & exam9$ "u sev]al heads3-- ,i4--',accord+ to ! !ory ( evolution man began 8 c>e] at ! bottom1 em]g+ f purely animal life1 & sl[ly /ruggl$ upw>ds to 8 pres5t level ( atta9m5t4 ,accord+ to ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 on ! contr>y1 he 0 creat$ p]fect1 & !n subsequ5tly fell into s9 & accompany+ mis]y4 ,?us1 accord+ to "o !ory1 man began at ! bottom2 accord+ to ! o!r1 he began at ! top4' ,n[ !re is no d\bt t :5 s /at$ ! evid5ce is all 9 fav\r ( ! sci5tific po9t ( view1 & aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian4 ,b su* a contra/ requires ! greate/ modification on bo? sides be=e x c be tak5 z truly repres5t+ ! facts4 ,?us1 x is n ! case t ! ,bible sugge/s t man 0 creat$ p]fect1 i4e4 p]fectly develop$1 & t 8 lat] c\rse has be5 simply ! effect ( ! ,fall1 i4e4 a d[nw>d c\rse4 ,leav+ fir/ out ( acc\nt ,g54 i-iii1 we notice t ! ,bible is conspicu\sly1 & 9 m>k$ contra/ to ! religi\s books ( o!r nations1 ! book ( developm5t4 ,x looks cont9u\sly & sy/ematically =w>d1 n backw>d1 = ! p]fect+ ( man4 ,x traces ! beg9n+ ( civilization 9 ,abel1 ! keep] ( %eep1 ,ca91 ! till] ( ! gr\nd1 9 ,jabal1 '! fa!r ( su* z dwell 9 t5ts & h cattle1' 9 ,jubal1 ! fa!r ( music1 '( all su* z h&le ! h>p & pipe1' 9 ,tubal ,ca91 ! fir/ =g] ( brass & iron "w2 x indicates ! orig9 ( religi\s wor%ip 79 "s s5se7 at ! "t ( ,eno*1 & ! orig9 ( build+ ) ! t[] ( ,babel4 ,! names ( ,noah1 ,abraham1 ,moses1 ,samuel1 ,david1 c41 repres5t /ages ( advance along ! l9e ( a *os5 p2 & lat] on x appe>s also t ^u ! *os5 p c5tres a hope = all nations1 & a purpose is discov]$ 9 univ]sal hi/ory4 ,! special #bba intellectual qualities ( v>i\s races or civilizations1 z ( ,egypt & ,tyre1 are recogniz$ by "s ( ! prophets1 & recogniz$ z "p ( a div9e purpose = ! _w#a4 ,! ,bible !n is ! book ( developm5t2 x looks =w>d1 n backw>d4 ,b x is also true t all ?is developm5t is repres5t$ z hav+ be5 7we may say7 a second-be/ ?+4 ,x has n be5 accord+ to ,god's fir/ purpose4 ,!re has be5 a great & cont9ual h9drance1 :i* has consi/$ 9 a p]si/5t rebellion or s9 on man's "p aga9/ ,god2 & ?is aga9 has _h its root 9 a c]ta9 p]v]sion ( ! he>t ( mank9d :i* is reg>d$ z approximately univ]sal4 ,if we n[ take into acc\nt aga9 ! fir/ ?ree *apt]s ( ,g5esis 7:i*1 h[ev]1 h left mu* less trace ?an is commonly suppos$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t z a :ole#b7 we f9d t !y describe an orig9al act ( rebellion on ! "p ( ! fir/ human pair1 :i* is !re spok5 ( z at lea/ entail+ ext]nal consequ5ces ( a p5al sort ^u _! desc5dants--t is dea?1 pa91 & ! loss ( ,p>adise2 & t lat]1 especially 9 ! tea*+ ( ,/4 ,paul1 ! univ]sal moral flaw 9 human nature 7orig9al s97 is also repres5t$ z hav+ its s\rce 9 ?is initial act ( rebellion4 ,s9 is !re=e1 accord+ to our ,*ri/ian scriptures1 some?+ unnatural to man3 ! violation ( 8 nature by 8 rebellion2 & x is a cont9ual elem5t ( det]ioration4 ,b ! idea t man 0 creat$ p]fect1 i4e4 s z n to ne$ developm5t1 is n sugge/$4 ,no d\bt !ologians1 f ! age ( ,augu/9e d[n to rec5t times1 h done some?+ m ?an sugge/ x4 ,?us ,rob]t ,s\? supposes t 'an ,ari/otle 0 b ! rubbi% ( an ,adam1 & ,a!ns b ! rudim5ts ( ,p>adise'2 & ,milton implant$ ! idea 9 ! #bbb imag9ation ( ,engli%m52 b x is 9 no way sugge/$ by ! ,bible1 & 0 expressly repudiat$ by ! e>lie/ ,*ri/ian !ologians 9 ea/ & we/4 ,?us1 9 answ] to ! "q :e!r ,adam 0 =m$ p]fect or imp]fect1 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria repli$1 ',!y %all le>n f u t he 0 n p]fect 9 respect ( 8 creation1 b 9 a fit condition to receive virtue4' ,& ,ir5aeus says t x 0 9 ! p[] ( ,god to make m5 p]fect f ! beg9n+1 b t su* an initial p]fection w\ld be contr>y to ! law ( human nature1 :i* is ! law ( gradual gr[?#c4 ,we mu/ !re=e modify ! /atem5t ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e f :i* we />t$1 ?us3--,man has be5 sl[ly l$1 or has sl[ly develop$1 t[>ds ! div9e ideal ( 8 ,creator2 b 8 actual developm5t has be5 mu* less rapid & con/ant ?an x might h be51 ow+ to ! fact ( s9 f :i* he might h be5 free4 ,n[1 c x be fairly said t sci5ce c take any legitimate exception to su* a /atem5t8 ,! progress ( man :i* an?ropological sci5ce discloses is v brok51 v p>tial2 if developm5t ( "s sort is univ]sal1 progress is v r>e1 di/9ct det]ioration n uncommon4 ,sci5ce1 l poetry & philosophy1 mu/ be> witness to ! disappo9t+ elem5t 9 human nature1 ( :i* ,he 0 s consci\s ( :om x is said t ',he did n tru/ himself to man1 because he ne$$ n t any "o %\ld be> witness conc]n+ man1 = he himself knew :at 0 9 man'--! sad secret ( human untru/wor?9ess & unsatisfactor9ess#d4 ,aga91 c sci5ce ass]t t ?is actual developm5t ( man1 s ?w>t$ & ta9t$ & p>tial1 has be5 ! only possible developm5t1 & t !re c\ld n h be5 a bett]8 ,if x _c say ?is1 !re is 9 ! #bbc g5]al view ( human progress & det]ioration no antagonism betwe5 religion & sci5ce4 ,,ii4--,b x may be said1 ',sci5ce c]ta9ly does say t ! actual developm5t ( man has be5 ! only possible developm5t4 ,sci5ce excludes ! idea ( s9 9 ! s5se ( some?+ :i* ne$ n h happ5$1 because x excludes ! idea ( fre$om or cont+5cy altoge!r4 ,good & bad *>act]s are l good & bad apples--m]e facts ( natural gr[?'2 or m sugge/ively1 ',s9 7s call$7 is only ! survival ( brute in/9cts1 :i*1 f a high] condition ( evolution1 m5 h come to be a%am$ (4' ,x _c be made too emphatic t "h is ! real battle-gr\nd ( religion & sci5ce to-day1 ?\gh ! fact is (t5 conceal$ 9 popul> controv]sy4 ,i d n believe !re is any real difficulty 9 adju/+ suffici5tly ! relations ( religion & sci5ce z to ! ,fall :5 once ! idea ( s9 has be5 admitt$--t is1 ! idea ( free1 responsible action1 ) its correlative1 ! possibility ( wrong action :i* might h be5 avoid$4 ,*ri/ian & o!r tea*]s h1 no d\bt1 (t5 fail$ to see h[ limit$ human fre$om is1 b !y h nev] be5 wrong 9 ass]t+ t ! reality ( fre$om )9 limits is ess5tial to ,*ri/ianity & morality4 ,s9 is n a m]e fact ( nature4 ,x is a p]v]sion :i* ought n to h be54 ,?is subject is n :at is directly be=e u n[2 b ! he>t ( ! controv]sy is "h2 & ,i w make ! foll[+ v brief rem>ks ^u x4 7#a7 ,a !ory t _c be put into practice1 or a !ory t _c acc\nt = ! facts1 is a false or at lea/ inadequate !ory4 ,n[ ! !ory ( necess>y det]m9ism _c be put into practice4 ,to believe t our own conduct is n really "u our own control--t ! idea ( responsibility is at bottom an illusion--is to de/roy ! basis ( human life & education4 ,ev5 #bbd ! hold]s ( ! !ory admit t x mu/ be kept out ( sight 9 practice4 ,fur!r1 x is a !ory t _c acc\nt = ! facts--viz4 = ! exi/5ce ( ! univ]sal s5se ( responsibility2 & ! application to human action ( moral blame & praise1 :i* p5etrates ! :ole ( ?\ght & language1 & :i* holds too l>ge a place 9 human life to be a delusion4 ,we are n a%am$ ( a physical accid5t1 b we are a%am$ ( tell+ a lie4 ,& ?is diff]5ce is fundam5tal & bas$ on reality4 7#b7 ,! ,*ri/ian assumption may be /at$ z foll[s3 grant$ t we _c increase ! sum ( =ce :i* passes f ext]nal s\rces into our sy/em1 & passes out aga9 9 manifold =ms ( human action1 yet )9 c]ta9 limits we c direct x = good or evil--i4e4 ! 'volunt>y' "p ( a man's action may be det]m9$ f bel[1 s to speak1 by purely animal motives1 or by rational & spiritual motives4 ,9 ! latt] case1 ! action is ( ! prop] human quality1 & /amps a rational & spiritual "* ^u all t falls )9 its range4 ,9 ! =m] case1 x may be truly reg>d$ z a survival ( ! physical in/9cts ( animal prog5itors1 & no d\bt x em]ges z a "p ( ! physical ord] ( ! _w4 ,b1 consid]$ z human action1 x repres5ts a lapse1 a culpable subord9ation ( ! high] to ! l[] 9 our nature1 a violation ( ! law prop] to manhood#e4 ,?is is ! po9t4 ,/4 ,john says1 ',all s9 is lawlessness1' & 7by ! exact =m ( expression :i* he uses7 he implies also t all lawlessness is s94 ,"h1 & "h only :]e volunt>y action beg9s1 d y see violation ( law1 & !re=e1 )9 limits1 a di/urbance ( ! div9e ord]--some?+ :i* ought to h be5 o!rwise4 #bbe 7#c7 ,! belief t ! moral evil ( our nature does n prop]ly belong to our nature b is its violation1 & t if once ! w be set "r x c be rem$i$1 has be5 ! secret ( ! moral /r5g? ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,*ri/ianity has said to all m51 ,h[ev] corrupt$ y\r nature1 ! corruption does n ess5tially belong to y4 ,give y\r wills to ,god1 &1 if sl[ly1 yet surely1 if n fully 9 ?is _w1 !n beyond x1 all c be set "r4 ',accord+ to ?y fai? be x unto !e4' ,& ! practical p[] ( ?is appeal1 %[s its agreem5t ) reality4 7#d7 ,on ! o!r h&1 x _c be claim$ t ! !ory is contr>y to any real sci5tific k2 = biology confesses t x kn[s v little z to ! actual me?ods by :i* =ce is r$i/ribut$ 9 human action4 ,x is contr>y only to "s l>ge & unv]ifiable assumptions--assumptions :i* ignore ! ab/ract "* ( biological psy*ology1 z ( o!r sci5ces4 ,n[ grant$ ?is reality ( free volunt>y action1 x w h>dly be d5i$ t hi/ory discloses to u a practically univ]sal preval5ce ( s9#f1 9 ! pres5t & 9 ! pa/2 & we c h>dly fail to p]ceive1 ly+ beh9d actual s9s1 a t5d5cy to s9--:at ,%elley calls '! in]adicable ta9t ( s91' a p]v]se incl9ation inh]+ 9 ! /ock ( our manhood1 :i* is :at !ology calls orig9al s94 ,,iii4--,b "h a m mod]n objection occurs4 ,*ri/ianity assumes t ?is moral flaw or ta9t1 weakness or grossness1 9 human nature is ! outcome ( actual transgressions1 9 o!r words t orig9al s9 is due to actual s91 :]eas ! t5d5cy ( rec5t biological sci5ce is to d5y t acquir$ *>act]s c be inh]it$1 & !re=e to d5y t any acts ( any man or m5 c\ld h any effect on ! cong5ital moral nature ( _! desc5dants2 ! ta9t or fault 9 #bbf human nature1 mu/ be a ta9t or fault 9 t orig9al sub/ance :i* :at is call$ man d]iv$ f 8 pre-human ance/ry4 ,to ?is ,i reply3--,?is is no d\bt ! view :i* ,pr(essor ,weismann has made m or less preval5t4 ,! sub/ance ( h]$ity 7'g]m-plasm'7 is tak5 to be a sub/ance p] se1 :i* has always occupi$ a special 'sph]e' ( its own1 )\t any contact ) t ( 'somatoplasm' fur!r ?an is requir$ = its lodgem5t or nutrition2 h5ce x c nev] be 9 any degree modifi$ z to its h]$it>y qualities by use-inh]itance4 ,x has be5 absolutely cont9u\s 's9ce ! fir/ orig9 ( life4' ,b ?is doctr9e does n appe> yet to h assum$ a fix$ =m#g2 & 9 its extreme or absolute =m x is highly disputable1 & reject$ by l>ge sections ( biologi/s4 ,pr(essor ,haeckel#h decl>es contemptu\sly t he %\ld feel x m reasonable to accept ! ,mosaic acc\nt ( special creations6 ,! late ,mr4 ,romanes1 aft] summ+ up ! evid5ce on bo? sides )\t any contempt1 decides3 ',no "o is ?us f> entitl$ to conclude aga9/ ! possible transmission ( acquir$ *>act]s#i4' ,aga91 't ?is sub/ance ( h]$ity is l>gely cont9u\s & highly /able1 ,i see _m & cog5t reasons = believ+4 ,b t ?is sub/ance has be5 un9t]rupt$ly cont9u\s s9ce ! orig9 ( life1 or absolutely /able s9ce ! orig9 ( sexual propagation1 ,i see ev5 m & bett] reasons = disbeliev+#aj4' ,& he rem>ks#aa1 ',i d\bt n ,weismann #bbg himself w\ld be ! fir/ to all[ t 8 !ory ( h]$ity enc\nt]s great] difficulties 9 ! doma9 ( e?ics ?an 9 any o!r--unless inde$1 x be t ( religion4' ,i ought to add1 9 view ( ! app>5tly improbable ev5t ( ! doctr9e ( ,weismann becom+ 9 its absolute =m ! accept$ doctr9e ( biologi/s1 t ( c\rse x only conc]ns ! mat]ial organism4 ,no "o :o is n a mat]iali/ w\ld d5y ! possibility ( ! "* ( ! p>5t modify+ at its v root t ( ! *ild1 )\t ev5 ! smalle/ conceivable modification ( ! physical organism2 because 9 ! orig9ation ( a spiritual p]sonality1 & 9 ! l9k :i* b9ds x to ! antec$5t p]sonalities to :i* x owes its be+1 !re is t :i* lies outside ! purview ( biological sci5ce4 ,!re may be an inh]itance ( s9ful t5d5cies d]iv$ f s9ful acts 9 ! region ( ! spiritual p]sonality1 ev5 if no physical transmission is possible4 ,h[ev] x be expla9$1 x appe>s to be ! case t ,*ri/ianity is b\nd to ma9ta9 ! position t 9 ! region ( moral "* !re is1 9 fact1 a solid>ity 9 humanity4 ,we are b\nd toge!r4 ,our acts1 z !y =m our own "*1 d someh[ or o!r1 h[ev] slightly1 modify ! *>act]s ( our desc5dants = good or evil4 ,& ?is modification ( ! t5d5cies ( ! race by ! acts ( individuals may h be5 m m>k$ at ! beg9n+ ?an x is to-day4 ,on ! o!r h& ,*ri/ianity is n 9 any way int]e/$ 9 d5y+ t man d]ives a physical h]itage ( habits & t5d5cies f a pre-human ance/ry4 ,all ,i imag9e t ,*ri/ianity is int]e/$ 9 affirm+ is ?is--t :5 ! animal organism became ! dwell+-place ( ! human _s 7s to speak7 t human _s might h tak5 "o ( two c\rses4 ,x #bbh might h foll[$ ! pa? ( ! div9e w2 & 9 t case human developm5t w\ld h repres5t$ a /eady & gradual spiritualiz+ ( ! animal nature rea*+ on t[>ds p]fection4 ,x might h tak51 on ! o!r h&1 & did 9 fact take 7m or less71 ! l9e ( wilful disob$i5ce4 ,& ! moral effects ( ?is wilfulness & disob$i5ce f ! beg9n+ onw>ds h be5 felt f p>5t to son4 ,s t ! spr+s ( human conduct h be5 weak5$ & p]v]t$1 & no man has />t$ )\t "s bias 9 ! wrong direction :i* w\ld n h be5 !re if 8 ance/ors = _m g5]ations _h be5 true to ,god4 ,x is wor? notic+ 9 pass+ t 'orig9al s9' is n a fix$ quantity d]iv$ f "o lapse ( ! orig9al man1 b is a moral weakness cont9ually re9=c$ by e actual transgression1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 r$uc$ 9 =ce by moral resi/ance & self-control4 ,individuals />t at v diff]5t levels ( depravity4 ,only x w\ld appe> t practically 9 no man b ,"o is !re any reason to believe ! fundam5tal nature immaculate4 ,,iv4--,b x w be said ',y h n yet t\*$ ^u a big c5tral contradiction betwe5 religion & sci5ce4 ,accord+ to ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e mank9d is d]iv$ f a s+le specifically human pair1 made human by a special inspiration ( ! ,div9e ,_s4 ,accord+ to ! !ory ( evolution1 a c]ta9 species ( apes "u specially fav\rable conditions gradually advanc$ to become :at might be call$ man1 ?\gh ( a v l[ type4' ,to ?is ,i am incl9$ to make reply ?us3 ,*ri/ianity is really b\nd up ) ma9ta9+ f\r positions--7#a7 ! reality ( moral fre$om2 7#b7 ! fact ( s91 prop]ly s call$ z di/9ct f imp]fection2 7#c7 its practical univ]sality1 at lea/ z an inh]it$ t5d5cy2 & 7#d7 ! unity ( ! human race 9 su* #bbi s5se t ! same po/ulates may be made ) reg>d to all m51 & ! same capacity = moral r$emption 7m or less7 assum$ to be 9 !m4 ,n[1 z reg>ds ! fir/ ?ree ( ^! positions en\gh has be5 said already1 & ! la/ ( !m does n appe> to be at pres5t 9 dispute betwe5 sci5ce & religion4 ,/4 ,paul says1 ',god made ( "o' 7or '( "o blood1' = ?is read+ is possibly "r7 'e nation ( m5' 7,acts xvii4 #bf74 ,& ( "o blood1 if n ( "o individual1 all m5 are1 accord+ to ! pres5t conclusions ( biological sci5ce4 ,a rec5t "w on e?nology1 by ,mr4 ,keane 7,cambridge ,geographical ,s]ies71 speaks ?us3--',! hom9idae are n sep>ately evolv$ 9 an absolute s5se--i4e4 f s _m diff]5t an?ropoid precursors1 b ! pres5t prim>y divisions are sep>ately evolv$ f s _m diff]5t plei/oc5e precursors1 !mselves evolv$ ?r\gh a s+le plioc5e prototype f a s+le an?ropoid precursor#ab4' ,x does n seem to me1 !n1 t ,*ri/ianity is really b\nd up ) any?+ m ?an ! unity ( ! human race1 :i* sci5ce also /rongly ass]ts4 ,b to pass f ^! positions1 :i* may be reg>d$ z c]ta91 to some?+ m conjectural 7ap>t f any "q ( ! lit]>y "* ( ,g5esis iii71 we may argue ?us3 ,s9 is a fact hav+ ! same "* univ]sally 9 human hi/ory1 ?\gh ! s5se ( s9 has v>i$ greatly1 rea*+ back z f> z human hi/ory ext5ds4 ,?is w\ld lead u to suppose t x goes back to ! roots ( ! race4 ,x sugge/s "s orig9al #bcj fall1 "s ta9t+ ( ! race 9 its orig94 ,i d n see1 !n1 any?+ absurd or contr>y to evid5ce 9 su* a hypo!sis z ?is4--,! ,div9e ,_s is assum$ to be at "w 9 all ! developm5t ( ! _w4 ,! 'laws ( nature' are b ,8 me?ods4 ,at a c]ta9 mom5t a new ?+ _h em]g$ 9 ! univ]se hi!rto inorganic4 ,x 0 ! fact ( life4 ,x 0 new#ac4 ,b x 0 9 cont9uity ) :at _h gone be=e4 ,?is pr9ciple ( life _h its great developm5t1 vegetable & animal4 ,x _h atta9$ a =m 9 c]ta9 an?ropoid apes su* z we are famili> ) 9 m54 ,suppose !n t ! ,div9e ,_s brea!s ,himself1 aga9 9 a new way1 into "o s+le pair or gr\p ( ^! an?ropoid animals4 ,!re is lodg$ 9 !m = ! fir/ "t a g]m ( spiritual consci\sness1 cont9u\s ) animal intellig5ce1 & yet di/9ct f x4 ,f ?is pair or gr\p humanity has its orig94 ,if !y & _! (fspr+ _h be5 true to _! spiritual capacities ! animal nature w\ld h be5 m rapidly spiritualiz$ 9 motives & t5d5cies4 ,developm5t--physical1 moral1 spiritual--w\ld h be5 /eady & glori\s4 ,:]eas !re 0 a fall at ! v root ( our humanity2 & ! fall 0 repeat$ & reit]at$ & r5ew$1 & ! developm5t ( our manhood 0 ta9t$ & spoil$4 ,!re 0 a lapse into approximately animal condition1 :i* is dimly kn[n to u z primitive savag]y4 ,s t ! condition ( savage man is a p>ody ( :at ,god int5d$ man 9 8 undevelop$ /ages to be1 j z ! condition ( civiliz$ man 9 ,london & ,p>is is a p>ody ( :at ,god int5d$ develop$ man to come to4 ,& !re h be5 long & dre>y epo*s :5 m5 h #bca seem$ to lose almo/ all human ideals & div9e aspirations2 :51 9 ,/4 ,paul's phrase1 !y 7 'alive )\t ! law1' liv+ a physical life unvisit$ by ! remorse consequ5t ^u any k ( bett] ?+s4 ,& !re h be51 on ! o!r h&1 epo*s & special occasions ( spiritual opportunity & spiritual re/orations4 ,& s1 on ! :ole1 side by side ) ! cont9ually det]iorat+ effect ( s91 has gone on ! sl[ process ( r$emption1 ! undo+ ( ! evil ( s9 & ! realization ( ! div9e purpose = man4 ,su* an idea ( human hi/ory1 p>tly only hypo!tical1 p>tly assur$1 conflicts ) no sci5tific e?nology1 & is b a re/atem5t ( old-fa%ion$ ,*ri/ianity 9 all t has religi\s importance4 ,v4--,( c\rse1 9 all ?is ,i am assum+ t ! doctr9e ( s9 & ( ! ,fall 9 its true importance has a mu* secur] basis ?an ! supposition t ,g5esis iii is lit]al hi/ory4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,fall is1 z ,i h said1 n sep>able f ! doctr9e ( s91 or ! doctr9e ( s9 f t ( moral fre$om4 ,x re/s ^u ! broad basis ( human exp]i5ce1 especially ^u ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce1 :i* is b\nd up ) its reality4 ,mo/ ( all x re/s1 = ,*ri/ians1 on ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/4 ,= ,*ri/'s tea*+ & action po/ulate ?r\gh\t ! doctr9e ( s94 ,b t doctr9e 9 its turn goes back ^u ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :i* is full ( ! tru? t ! evils ( human nature are due1 n to its ess5tial con/itution1 b to man's wilfulness & its results2 t ! disord]+ =ce 9 human nature has be5 moral1 ! =ce ( s92 t human hi/ory repres5ts 9 "o aspect a fall f a div9e purpose1 a fall con/antly reit]at$ & r5ew$ 9 acts ( disob$i5ce4 ,^! con/ant acts ( disob$i5ce are 9 "p caus$ by an evil he>t 9 human nature1 & ?is 9 its turn exhibits ! fruits ( pa/ s9s4 ,grant$ ?is1 #bcb ! /ory 9 ,g5esis iii1 :e!r x be hi/orical or :e!r 7z n only _m mod]n ,*ri/ians1 b "s ( ! greate/ ( e>ly ,*ri/ians1 h ?\ght7 x be n an hi/orical acc\nt ( a s+le ev5t1 b a g5]aliz$ acc\nt ( :at is cont9ually happ5+1 has1 at any rate1 vital spiritual tru?4 ,! "* ( its inspiration is app>5t4 ,tea* a *ild :at s9 is1 fir/ ( all on ! gr\nd ( g5]al ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce & ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/1 & !n read to x ! /ory ( ,g5esis iii1 & ! *ild mu/ p]=ce recognize ! tru? 9 a =m 9 :i* x _c be =gott54 ,!re 9 t /ory all ! ma9 po9ts ( tru? z to ! mean+ ( s9 are sugge/$1 & ! ma9 s\rces ( error preclud$4 ,s9 is n our nature1 b wilfulness2 s9 is disob$i5ce to ! div9e law1 ! refusal ( tru/ 9 ,god2 !re is su* a ?+ z be+ tempt$ to s91 & yield+ to x1 & !n f9d+ t we h be5 deceiv$1 be+ consci5ce-/rick5 & fe>+ to face ,god2 & ! curse ( our manhood spr+s f n[h]e ultimately b our own evil he>t4 ,& if our s9s lay u "u an outw>d discipl9e1 :i* is ,god's puni%m5t1 yet 9 ! v discipl9e lies ! hope ( our recov]y4 ,god ! de/roy] is also ! ,god :o promises r$emption4 ,?us all t we mo/ ne$ to "k ab\t ,god & man1 ab\t ob$i5ce & disob$i5ce1 ab\t temptation1 ab\t ! bless+ & ! curs+ ( human nature1 ab\t consci5ce good & bad1 is to be f\nd 9 ! /ory ( ,g5esis iii1 writt5 9 language suitable to ! *ildhood ( ! individual & ( ! race4 ,,vi4--,b once m1 & = ! la/ "t1 ! biologi/ w reply1 ',y are n go+ to get (f s easily4 ,! fact ( physical dea? is inextricably int]wov5 into ! /ructural gr[? ( ! _w long be=e m5 appe>$4 ,b ,*ri/ianity reg>ds x z a m]e consequ5ce ( human s94' ,?is is n ! case4 ,long be=e sci5ce #bcc _h inve/igat$ ! e>ly hi/ory ( life on our globe1 ,*ri/ian tea*]s bo? 9 ,ea/ & 9 ,we/--,/4 ,augu/9e z well z ,/4 ,a?anasius--_h taught t dea? is ! law ( physical nature1 t x _h be5 9 ! _w be=e man1 & t 'man 0 by nature mortal1' because1 z be+ animal1 he 0 subject to dea?4 ,h[1 !n1 d !y int]pret ! language ( ,scripture8 ,9 ?is way3 ,!y hold t if man _h be5 true to 8 spiritual nature1 ! sup]natural life1 ! life 9 ,god1 w\ld h blunt$ ! =ces ( corruption1 & lift$ him into a high] & immortal /ate4 ,c]ta9ly1 9 "s s5se1 dea?1 z we "k x1 = man1 is reg>d$1 especially 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 z ! p5alty ( s94 ,b !n :at d we mean by dea?8 ,if s9 is said to h introduc$ human dea?1 ,*ri/ is con/antly said to h aboli%$ x4 ',?is is ! bread t come? d[n f heav51 t a man may eat !re( & n die4' ',:osoev] believe? on me %all nev] die4' ',*ri/ ,jesus aboli%$ dea?4' ,s91 !n1 we may suppose1 only introduc$ dea? 9 "s s5se su* z t 9 :i* ,*ri/ aboli%$ x4 ,*ri/ has n aboli%$ ! physical transition f ?is _w to ! invisible _w1 b ,he has robb$ x ( its t]ror1 its /+1 its mis]y4 ,ap>t f s9 we may suppose man w\ld n h di$2 t is1 he w\ld nev] h _h t horrible exp]i5ce :i* he has call$ dea?4 ,!re w\ld h be5 only "s transition full ( a glori\s hope f "o /ate ( be+ to ano!r4 ,we are aga9 9 ! region ( conjecture4 ,all t ,i am "h int]e/$ 9 ass]t+ is t ,*ri/ianity nev] has held to ! position t human s9 fir/ introduc$ dea? into ! _w4 ,:at x has taught is t human dea?1 z m5 h kn[n x1 ) its horror & its mis]y1 has repres5t$ n ,god's int5tion = man1 b ! curse ( s94 #bcd ,,vii4--,n[ ,i h endeav\r$ to face & meet ! po9ts :i* are urg$ 9 ! "n ( sci5ce aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! ,fall4 ,i h endeav\r$ to po9t out t :at is ess5tial to ,*ri/ianity is to believe 9 ! reality ( moral fre$om1 & ! consequ5t reality ( s91 z some?+ :i* ne$ n h be5 9 ! individual1 or 9 ! race consid]$ z a unity4 ,?is is all t ,*ri/ianity is really pl$g$ to ma9ta94 ,9 ma9ta9+ ?is we are ma9ta9+ :at is absolutely ess5tial to ! moral well-be+ ( ! race1 &1 moreov]1 :at has ! deepe/ roots 9 man's moral exp]i5ce & 9 ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/4 ,9 hold+ ?is we hold ! doctr9e ( ! ,fall1 a doctr9e1 t is1 t man's condition has be5 ?r\gh\t a p>ody ( ! div9e int5tion1 ow+ to ! fact ( s9 ta9t+ & spoil+ 8 developm5t f ! root4 ,b ,*ri/ianity is n 9 any k9d ( way pl$g$ aga9/ ! doctr9e ( developm5t1 only aga9/ ! doctr9e :i* no reasonable sci5ce c hold1 t ! actual developm5t ( man has be5 ! be/ or only possible "o4 ,nor1 ,i h urg$1 c x be reasonably said t ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( s9 & ( ! ,fall is b\nd up ) "o p>ticul> int]pretation ( ,g5esis iii4 ,all1 !n1 t we mu/ admit 9 ! way ( collision betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & sci5ce is1 on ! "o h&1 t ,*ri/ianity is n int5d$ to tea* m5 sci5ce1 & t :5 !re is any great advance 9 human k x takes a little :ile = ,*ri/ianity to extricate itself f ! me%es ( ! language & ideas belong+ to "o /age ( sci5tific k1 & to assimilate ! t]ms & ideas ( ! new4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 !re is p]5nial & necess>y w>f>e betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & mat]iali/ic sci5ce1 or a sci5ce :i* d5ies ! reality ( moral fre$om4 ,& z to ,*ri/ianity giv+ up :at is prop] to its own gr\nd--its tea*+ ab\t #bce fre$om & s9 & ! ,fall1 & ,god's purpose = man1 & ! love %[n 9 8 r$emption--to give up ?is is to give up :at is ! be/ & deepe/ motive ( human progress1 & :at is mo/ surely c]tificat$ by ! witness ( ,*ri/ & ! spiritual exp]i5ce ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,inde$ all s*emes ( human improvem5t are %all[ & inadequate1 :i* d n deal ) man z :at1 9 fact1 he has be5 prov$ to be1 a s9ful1 t is a fall51 be+1 ne$+ n only education b r$emption4 ,be=e leav+ ?is attempt to %[ t !re is no necess>y conflict betwe5 biological & !ological sci5ce1 x is important to call ! att5tion ( ! intellig5t public to ! fact t :at =m]ly appe>$ to be ! solid consi/5cy ( ! ',d>w9ian' cre$1 has be5 brok5 up into a /ate n f> remov$ f *aos4 ,x has become app>5t h[ v little way has really be5 made t[>ds %[+ :at h be5 ! actual factors 9 evolution--h[ ! fact ( evolution ?r\gh v>iation has actually occurr$4 ,?us ,mr4 ,bateson#ad rem>ks1 ',if ! /udy ( v>iation c s]ve no o!r end1 x may make u rememb] t ! complexity ( ! problem ( specific diff]5ce is h>dly less n[ ?an x 0 :5 ,d>w9 fir/ %[$ t natural hi/ory is a problem1 & no va9 riddle4' ,:at is ! cause ( v>iations occurr+8 ,:at law d !y exhibit 9 _! occurr5ce8 ,d v>iations occur ) a c]ta9 degree ( sudd5 complet5ess#ae8 ,or h[ are we to #bcf expla9 ! ma9t5ance ( v>iations1 :i* 9 a m develop$ /age are to be v useful1 be=e !y c be %[n to be useful at all8 ,:at is ! place held 9 evolution by 'natural selection'8 ,:at1 if any1 ! place held by use-inh]itance8 ,is ! factor ( 'mimicry1' support$ by ,d>w91 an important or ev5 real factor 9 evolution8 ,:at is to be ! issue ( ! controv]sy betwe5 ! biologi/ & ! physici/ on ! "q ( ! "t requir$ = organic developm5t8 ,are we to suppose t organic developm5t at ! beg9n+ proce$$ v mu* m rapidly ?an at a lat] /age8 ,or ev5 t x exhibit$ laws ( :i* we h no exp]i5ce n[1 su* z w\ld admit ( a 'natural' developm5t ( life out ( :at is n liv+8 ,all ^!1 & _m m que/ions1 appe> to be s completely op5 t1 grant$ ! g5]al !ory ( cont9u\s evolution z aga9/ special creation1 h>dly any?+ z reg>ds ! factors or causes ( evolution c be said to be sci5tifically settl$4 ,?us on su* subjects z ! orig9 ( ! human race1 its exact relation to an animal ance/ry1 & ! "r int]pretation ( ! fact ( s91 #bcg be=e sci5ce c make dem&s on !ology1 !re mu/ be m agreem5t 9 h] own camp4 #a ,see especially ,ezekiel xxviii1 xxxi4 #b ,see vol4 i4 p4 #aic4 #c ,clem4 ,alex4 ,/rom1 vi4 #ab4 #if2 ,ir54 c4 ,ha]4 iv4 #ch4 #d ,see also above1 vol4 i4 pp4 #gh1 #gi4 #e ,on ! mean+ ( 'fre$om ( w1' see vol4 i4 pp4 #bcj ff4 #f ,see above1 vol4 i4 pp4 #hj-a4 #g ,romanes1 ,exam9ation ( ,weismannism 7,longmans1 #ahic71 pp4 #fa-gj1 #aec4 #h ,! ,la/ ,l9k 7,black1 #ahii71 p4 #gi4 #i ,romanes1 ,d>w9 & aft] ,d>w9 7,longmans1 #ahie71 ii4 p4 #bgi4 #aj ,exam9ation ( ,weismannism1 pp4 #aad1 #aae4 #aa ,d>w9 & aft] ,d>w91 ii4 p4 #ij4 #ab ,see also 9 ,haeckel1 ,la/ ,l9k1 p4 #adh3 ',we assume ! s+le monophyletic orig9 ( mank9d at "o place1 9 "o di/rict'2 & passages cit$ above1 vol4 i4 p4 #aif1 n4 #a4 ,! sci5ce ( comp>ative religions also sugge/s ! same conclusion4 ,ev]y:]e common und]ly+ religi\s ne$s & t5d5cies appe>4 ,acts xvii4 #bg is ju/ifi$ by a comp>ison ( religions4 #ac ,x mu/ n be left out ( sight t ! idea ( life z naturally d]iv$ f :at 0 inorganic1 has n yet be5 made to appe> ev5 sci5tifically probable1 9 view ( ! evid5ce4 #ad ,w4 ,bateson1 ,mat]ials = ! ,/udy ( ,v>iations1 treat$ ) especial reg>d to discont9uity 9 ! orig9 ( species 7,macmillan1 #ahid71 p4 xii4 #ae ,biologi/s are n[ app>5tly m dispos$ ?an =m]ly to admit ! sudd5 appe>ance ( consid]able & important modifications & rapid developm5ts4 ,cf4 ,haeckel1 l4 c4 p4 #add1 & ,bateson1 p4 #efh4 ,he concludes t 'discont9uity ( species results f discont9uity ( v>iation4' ',! exi/5ce1' he says1 '( sudd5 & discont9u\s v>iation1 ! exi/5ce1 t is to say1 ( new =ms hav+ f _! fir/ beg9n+ m or less ( ! k9d ( p]fection :i* we associate ) normality1 is a fact t disposes1 once & = all1 ( ! attempt to int]pret all p]fection & def9it5ess ( =m z ! "w ( selection4 ,! /udy ( v>iation leads u into ! pres5ce ( :ole classes ( ph5om5a t are pla9ly incapable ( su* int]pretation4' ,?is relative p]fection ( v>iations at />t+ ,mr4 ,bateson attributes 9 great measure to ! pr9ciple ( 'symmetry1' or 'repetition ( p>ts' 9 liv+ ?+s4 ,an organism is symmetrical1 & ?us :at happ5s 9 "o ( _m simil> organs repeats itself normally 9 all ! o!rs4 ,*ange 9 "o "p is n an isolat$ fact1 b !re is 'simil>ity & simultaneity ( *ange4' ,,note ,f4 ,see vol4 i4 p4 #bae4 ,,baptism ,,by ,,imm]sion ,,& ,,by ,,affusion4 ,! foll[+ passage 9 ! ,dida*e1 c4 #g1 is ( ! pla9e/ importance = ! hi/ory ( ?is matt]3 ',if ?\ h n liv+ i4e4 runn+ wat]1 baptize into o!r wat]2 & if ?\ can/ n 9 cold1 !n 9 w>m4 ,& if ?\ h n ei!r 9 suffici5t am\nt = baptism1 i4e4 imm]sion 9 ! wat] p\r =? wat] ?rice ^u ! head into ! "n ( ,fa!r & ,son & ,holy ,gho/4' ,cf4 ,dr4 ,taylor1 ,tea*+ ( ! ,twelve ,apo/les 7,cambridge1 #ahhf71 p4 #eb3 ',! primitive mode ( baptism 0 by imm]sion4 ,accord+ to ! ,jewi% rite a r+ on ! f+]1 a b& conf9+ ! hair1 or any?+ t 9 ! lea/ degree broke ! cont9uity ( contact ) ! wat]1 0 held to invalidate ! act4 ,! ,greek ^w baptize1 l ! ,hebrew tabol1 means to dip3 to baptize a %ip is to s9k x4 ,! con/ruction 9 ! above passage ( ! ,dida*e baptize into o!r wat]1 po9ts to imm]sion1 z likewise does ,h]mas1 :5 he writes 7,simil4 #i73 ,!y g d[n !re=e into ! wat] dead1 & come up liv+2 & ,b>nabas 7*ap4 xi73 ,h]e9 he sai? t we g d[n into ! wat] lad5 ) s9s & fil?9ess1 & come up be>+ fruit 9 our he>t1 & hav+ our fe> & our hope t[>ds ,jesus 9 ! ,_s4 ,?is 0 /ill ! normal way ( adm9i/]+ ! rite1 b x 0 no long] insi/$ ^u z necess>y3 #bch ,if ?\ h n ei!r1 n en\gh ( liv+ or o!r wat] = imm]sion1 p\r wat] ?rice ^u ! head1 c4' ,,note ,g4 ,see vol4 ii4 p4 #acf4 ,a ,,pray] ,,( ,,j]emy ,,taylor4 ,o holy & almighty ,god1 ,fa!r ( m]cies1 ,fa!r ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,?y love & et]nal m]cies1 ,i adore & praise & glorify ,?y inf9ite & unspeakable love & wisdom2 :o ha/ s5t ,?y ,son f ! bosom ( felicities to take ^u ,him our nature & our mis]y & our guilt1 & ha/ made ! ,son ( ,god to become ! ,son ( ,man1 t we might become ! sons ( ,god & p>tak]s ( ! div9e nature2 s9ce ,?\ ha/ s exalt$ human nature be pleas$ also to sanctify my p]son1 t by a con=mity to ! humility & laws & suff]+s ( my de>e/ ,savi\r ,i may be unit$ to ,8 ,_s1 & be made all "o ) ! mo/ holy ,jesus4 ,am54 ,o holy & et]nal ,jesus1 :o did/ pity mank9d ly+ 9 8 blood & s9 & mis]y1 & did/ *oose our sadnesses & sorr[s t ,?\ mighte/ make u to p>take ( ,?y felicities2 ,let ,?9e eyes pity me1 ,?y h&s support me1 ,?y holy feet tread d[n all ! difficulties 9 my way to heav52 let me dwell 9 ,?y he>t1 be in/ruct$ ) ,?y wisdom1 mov$ by ,?y affections1 *oose ) ,?y w1 & be clo!d ) ,?y righte\sness2 t 9 ! day ( judgem5t ,i may be f\nd hav+ on ,?y g>m5ts1 seal$ ) ,?y impression2 & t1 be>+ ^u e faculty & memb] ! "* ( #bci my eld] ,bro!r1 ,i may n be ca/ out ) /rang]s & unbeliev]s4 ,am54 ,o holy & ev] bless$ ,_s1 :o did/ ov]%ad[ ! ,holy ,virg9-"m ( our ,"l1 & caus$ h] to conceive by a miracul\s & my/]i\s mann]2 be pleas$ to ov]%ad[ my s\l1 & enlight5 my _s1 t ,i may conceive ! holy ,jesus 9 my he>t1 & may be> ,him 9 my m9d1 & may gr[ up to ! fullness ( ! /ature ( ,*ri/1 to be a p]fect man 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,am54 ,to ,god1 ! ,fa!r ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/2 to ! et]nal ,son t 0 inc>nate & born ( a virg92 to ! ,_s ( ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1 be all hon\r & glory1 wor%ip & adoration1 n[ & = ev]4 ,am54--,j]emy ,taylor1 ,holy ,liv+2 see 8 ,works1 vol4 iii4 p4 #bch4 ,,note ,h4 ,see vol4 ii4 p4 #adg4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,maxim--',,9 ,,necess>iis ,,unitas1 ,,etc4' ,! expression ',9 necess>iis unitas1 9 non necess>iis lib]tas1 9 omnibus c>itas' is cit$ by ,ri*>d ,baxt] 9 ! d$ication ( ,on ! ,true & ,only ,way ( ,concord ( all ,*ri/ian ,*ur*es1 #afgi1 ?us1 ',i once m quote y ! pacificator's old & despis$ words4' ,b ! pacificator appe>s to be no "o old] ?an a ,prote/ant :o wrote 7#afbj to #afdj71 "u ! "n ( ,rup]tus ,meld5ius1 a ,p>a5esis votiva pro pace ecclesiae ad !ologos ,augu/anae ,confessionis4 ,9 ! ,p>a5esis occurs ! s5t5ce 'si nos s]v>emus 9 necess>iis unitatem1 9 non necess>iis lib]tatem1 9 utrisque c>itatem optimo c]te loco ess5t res no/rae4' ,see ,a4 ,p4 ,/anley 9 ,macmillan1 #bdj ,sep41 #ahge1 ref]r+ to ,g4 ,c4 ,f4 ,lcke1 ,ueb] das ,alt]1 d5 ,v]fass]1 die ursprngli*e ,fonn und d5 wahr5 ,s9n des kir*li*5 ,fri$5sspru*s3 '9 necess>iis unitas c41' ,gtt+51 #ahej4 ,?is in=mation 0 suppli$ me 9 correction ( a mi/ak5 attribution ( ! say+ ( :i* ,i 0 guilty 9 a s]mon2 & has be5 v]ifi$ = me by ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,hirtzel4 ,! say+ has be5 commonly attribut$ to ,/4 ,augu/9e1 & inde$ ! matt] ( x is ?or\ghly 9 8 _s2 cf4 my ,ephesians1 p4 #bgb2 & see also ,de ,g54 ad litt41 viii4 #e3 ',melius e/ dubit>e de occultis quam litig>e de inc]tis4' ,de ,civ4 ,dei1 xix4 #ah3 'qua i4e4 fai? 9 scripture salva atque c]ta1 de quibusdam rebus quas neque s5su1 neque ratione p]cepimus1 neque nobis p] ,scripturam canonicam cl>u]unt1 nec p] te/es1 quibus non cr$]e absurdum e/1 9 no/ram notitiam p]v5]unt1 s9e iu/a repreh5sione dubitamus4' ,,note ,i4 ,see vol4 ii4 p4 #agi4 ,,/4 ,,augu/9e',s ,,tea*+ ,,t ',,! ,,*ur* ,,is ,,! ,,body ,,( ,,*ri/ ,,(f]$ ,,9 ,,! ,,eu*>i/4' ,! foll[+ passages are full ( int]e/3--,de ,civ4 ,d4 x4 #f3 ',s t ! :ole r$eem$ city1 t is ! congregation & society ( ! sa9ts1 is (f]$ z a univ]sal sacrifice to ,god by ! ,high ,prie/1 :o (f]$ no?+ less ?an ,himself 9 suff]+ = u1 s t we might become ! body ( s glori\s a head1 accord+ to t '=m ( a s]vant' :i* ,he _h tak54 ,= x 0 ?is 7our human nature7 t ,he (f]$1 9 ?is t ,he 0 (f]$1 because x is 9 respect ( ?is t ,he is m$iator1 prie/ & sacrifice4' ,!n aft] a ref]5ce to ,rom4 xii4 #a-f #bda he cont9ues1 ',?is is ! ,*ri/ian sacrifice3 ! _m become "o body 9 ,*ri/4 ,& x is ?is t ! ,*ur* celebrates by means ( ! sacram5t ( ! alt>1 famili> to ! fai?ful1 :]e x is %[n to h] t 9 :at %e (f]s %e h]self is (f]$4' ,& x4 #bj3 ,( ,*ri/'s p]fect sacrifice ( ,himself ',he will$ ! ,*ur*'s sacrifice to be a daily sacram5t4 ,= z %e is ! body ( ,him ! head1 %e le>ns ?r\gh ,him to (f] up h]self4' ,aga9 xix4 #bc3 ',god's mo/ glori\s & be/ sacrifice is we ourselves1 t is ,8 city1 ( :i* we celebrate ! my/]y 9 our oblations1 :i* are kn[n to ! fai?ful4' ,cf4 xxii4 #aj3 ',! sacrifice itself is ! body ( ,*ri/1 :i* is n (f]$ to !m 7! m>tyrs71 = !y !mselves also are x' 7quia hoc sunt et ipsi74 ,cf4 ,s]m4 #bbg3 ',if y h well receiv$ 7! body ( ,*ri/ 9 ! sacram5t7 y are :at y h receiv$ 444 ,he will$ u to be ,8 sacrifice4' ,9 all ?is we h a v pla9 & mu* =gott5 tea*+4 ,b we mu/ n misund]/& ,/4 ,augu/9e's use ( app>5tly exclusive language--z if ! sacrifice ( ourselves 0 ! only sacrifice (f]$ 9 ! eu*>i/4 ,! sacrifice ( ! ,*ur* is (f]$ up ?r\gh ,*ri/4 ,?us he also speaks ( ! celebration ( ! eu*>i/ 7on ! occasion ( 8 "m's dea?1 ,conf4 ix4 #ab7 9 ! phrase '! sacrifice ( our ransom 7pretii no/ri7 0 (f]$ = h]4' ,we d well to rememb] by ! way t 9 ,de ,civ4 x4 #e1 #f1 ,/4 ,augu/9e twice ov] def9es :at he means by sacrifice ?us3 ',a true sacrifice is ev]y?+ t is done 9 ord] t we may by a holy fell[%ip inh]e 9 ,god4' ,,ox=d3 ,,horace ,,h>t ,,pr9t] ,,to ,,! ,,univ]sity ,a ,s]ies ( ,simple ,expositions ( ,portions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,,*>les ,,gore4 ,,! ,,s]mon ,,on ,,! ,,m\nt4 ,,! ,,epi/le ,,to ,,! ,,ephesians4 ,,! ,,epi/le ,,to ,,! ,,romans4 ,9 ,two ,vols4 ,,9 ,,contemplation4 ,,! ,,epi/les ,,( ,,/4 ,,john4