,/4 ,paul's ,epi/le to ! ,romans ,a ,practical ,exposition ,,by ,,! ,,"r ,,rev4 ,,*>les ,,gore1 ,d4,d4 ,,"l ,,bi%op ,,( ,,worce/] ,,vol4 ,i 7,,*apt]s ,i-,,viii7 ,,london ,,john ,,murray1 ,,albem>le ,,/reet1 ,w4 #aijb ,,fir/ ,,edition 4 ,febru>y1 #ahii4 ,repr9t$ 4 4 4 4 4 ,m>*1 #aijj4 ,repr9t$ 4 4 4 ,septemb]1 #aijj4 ,repr9t$ 4 4 4 4 ,octob]1 #aijb4 ,,ox=d ,,horace ,,h>t1 ,,pr9t] ,,to ,,! ,,univ]sity v ,,preface ,a good excuse is ne$$ = add+ to ! l>ge numb] ( excell5t comm5t>ies on ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans :i* already exi/4 ,b ,i ?9k !re is su* an excuse4 ,^! comm5t>ies are n ( ! sort :i* read]s :o are educat$ b n s*ol>ly f9d x easy to ma/]2 s t 9 fact ?is epi/le is at ! pres5t day v mu* misund]/ood or ignor$ by su* p4 ,& aga91 p>tly ow+ to its int]pretation at ! p]iod ( ! ,re=mation & by "s ,evangelicals ( lat] date1 x is /ill practically to a great ext5t view$ ) discom=t & neglect$ by ^? :o mo/ value ! "n ( ,ca?olic4 ,my excuse1 !n1 = add+ to ! expositions ( ! ,romans lies 9 ^! facts4 ,"o :o is necess>ily imm]s$ 9 ! practical "w ( ! ,*ri/ian m9i/ry1 & is yet /ruggl+ to keep himself 9 "s s5se 9 l9e ) biblical s*ol>%ip1 if 8 life involves special disadvantages1 may yet hope to be useful 9 int]pret+ to ord9>y ,*ri/ians vi ! results ( ! s*ol>s4 ,& ,i am p]suad$ t x requires "o :o ent]s ?or\ghly into ! _s ( *ur*man%ip1 or ! obligation ( ! "o body1 to int]pret ) any complet5ess ! m9d ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,?is volume has practically no m connexion ) lectures deliv]$ 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey la/ ,l5t1 ?an is impli$ 9 its be+ an exposition ( ! same epi/le by ! same p]son4 ,! me?od ( exposition 9 ?is volume is ! same z t pursu$ 9 its pr$ecessor on ! ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians4 ,aft] a g5]al introduction1 ea* section ( ! ,revis$ ,v]sion is tak51 or 9 "s cases two sections are tak5 toge!r1 & prefac$ by an analysis or p>aphrase1 z seems mo/ useful1 & foll[$ by fur!r explanation ( ! ma9 ideas or phrases :i* ea* section conta9s4 ,! 'app5d$ notes' ,i h be5 oblig$ to def] to ! end ( ! second volume--:i*1 ,i hope1 w appe> )9 a ye>--) a view ( approximately equaliz+ ! size ( ! two volumes4 ,,*>les ,,gore4 ,,we/m9/] ,,abbey1 ,conv]sion ( ,/4 ,paul1 #ahii4 vii ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,introduction4 7i7 ,orig9 & circum/ances ( ! epi/le 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #a 7ii7 ',ju/ification by works' or 'by fai?' 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #f 7iii7 ,ju/ification1 sanctification1 & ,*ur* memb]%ip 4 #be 7iv7 ,/4 ,paul's doctr9e & mod]n spiritual ne$s 4 4 4 4 #da ,,! ,,epi/le ,,to ,,! ,,romans4 ,,*apt] ,i4 #a-g ,,salutation 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #df #h-ag ,,introduction 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ec ,,division ,i ,univ]sality ( s9 & condemnation 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #fc #ah-cb #a ,judgem5t on ! ,g5tile _w 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ff ,,ii4 #b ,judgem5t on ! ,jews 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #hg ,,iii4 #a-h #c ,jewi% objections 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #aad #i-bj #d ,s9 & condemnation univ]sal 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #aba ,,division ,,ii ,ju/ification by fai? only4 #ba-ca #a ,*ri/ our propitiation 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #acj ,,iv4 #b ,! true se$ ( ,abraham 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #aee viii ,,division ,,iii ,! accept$ life or ! moral consequ5ces ( ju/ification4 ,v4 #a-aa #a ,! holy confid5ce ( ! ju/ifi$ 4 4 4 4 4 #age #ab-ba #b ,! second ,adam 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ahe ,,vi4 #a-ad #c ,! ,*ri/ian life a liv+ by dy+ 4 4 4 4 4 #bjd #ae-bc #d ,! p]fect fre$om 9 ,god's s]vice 4 4 4 4 4 #bbe ,,vii4 #a-f #e ,fre$om f ! law by union ) ,*ri/ 4 4 #bcf #g-be #f ,! function & failure ( ! law 4 4 4 4 4 #bde ,,viii4 #a-aa #g ,life 9 ! ,_s 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bga #ab-ag #h ,! life ( son%ip 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bhh #ah-cj #i ,! hope ( ! creation 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bih #ca-ci #aj ,*ri/ian assurance 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #cba #a ,,! ,,epi/le ,,to ,,! ,,romans ,introduction4 i4 ,/4 ,paul's great ,epi/le to ! ,romans 0 writt51 z may be q confid5tly ass]t$1 f ,cor9?1 dur+ ! second visit to ,greece record$ 9 ! ,acts#a1 i4e4 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ye> commonly reckon$ #eh1 b p]haps m correctly #ef ,a4,d4--! ye> foll[+ ! writ+ ( ! ,epi/les to ! ,cor9?ians4 ,! reasons = ?is confid5t /atem5t1 & inde$ = all t ne$s to be said ab\t ! circum/ances "u :i* ,/4 ,paul wrote & ! conditions ( ,*ri/ianity at ,rome1 become app>5t *iefly 9 connexion ) ! lat] p>ts ( ! epi/le :i* are n includ$ 9 ?is volume4 ,!y #b %all !re=e be omitt$ "h1 & we w cont5t ourselves = ! mom5t ) a v brief /atem5t ( ! results 9 :i* s*ol>s are n[ f9d+1 z x w\ld seem1 f9al agreem5t4 ,! exi/5ce ( ,*ri/ians at ,rome 0 due n to any apo/olic f\nd+1 = no apo/le appe>s yet to h visit$ ,rome1 b to ! sort ( 'quiet & =tuit\s filtration#b' ( ,*ri/ians f v>i\s p>ts ( ! empire to its great c5tre :i* mu/ naturally h tak5 place2 = f all qu>t]s !re 0 a t5d5cy to ,rome4 ',"s f ,pale/9e1 "s f ,cor9?1 "s f ,ephesus & o!r p>ts ( ,proconsul> ,asia1 possibly "s f ,t>sus1 & m f ! ,syrian ,antio*1 !re 0 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 z we may believe1 no?+ conc]t$ 9 _! go+2 b :5 once !y arriv$ 9 ! metropolis1 ! freemasonry common among ,*ri/ians w\ld soon make !m kn[n to ea* o!r1 & !y w\ld =m1 n exactly an organiz$ ,*ur*'--t may well h be5 ! result ( ! lat] pres5ce ( ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,pet]--'b su* a =tuit\s assemblage ( ,*ri/ians z 0 #c only wait+ = ! adv5t ( an apo/le to con/itute "o#c4' ,among ?is assemblage ( ,*ri/ians x appe>s evid5t f ,/4 ,paul's language#d t !re mu/ h be5 ,jews z well z ,g5tiles2 b ! dom9ant "* ( ! *ur* 0 ,g5tile#e4 ,x is p]haps only putt+ ?is 9 ano!r way to say t !re w\ld h be5 among ! ,roman ,*ri/ians elem5ts ( ho/ility to ,/4 ,paul & 8 tea*+1 b ,*ri/ianity z ,/4 ,paul taught x w\ld h be5 9 ! asc5dant4 ,& probably ,/4 ,paul's special in=mants ab\t affairs !re w\ld h be5 8 special fri5ds1 ,prisca & ,aquila#f4 ,! "* ( ! epi/le writt5 to ^! ,*ri/ians ( ! capital is m>k$4 ,x has beyond any o!r ( ,/4 ,paul's epi/les ! "* ( an ord]$ !ological treatise4 ,( c\rse x assumes ! exi/5ce ( accept$ ,*ri/ian pr9ciples--! rudim5t>y in/ruction or ,*ri/ian 'tradition'--9 ! m9ds ( ^? to :om x 0 address$#g4 ,b x takes c]ta9 ( ^! pr9ciples ( ! ,*ri/ian #d religion & develops !m sy/ematically & argum5tatively2 ?\gh aga91 x mu/ be expla9$1 ! argum5t is v f> f be+ b>ely logical1 b is full ( ! deepe/ feel+1 %[+ itself 9 passages ( memorable eloqu5ce :i* live 9 ! he>ts ( all ( u4 ,:y ?is p>ticul> epi/le %\ld h ?is "* ( a sy/ematic treatise is n h>d to see4 ,/4 ,paul 0 rea*+ ! end ( 8 great controv]sy = ! ca?olicity ( ! ,gospel1 aga9/ ! ,judaiz]s--t is1 = ! equal position ( ,g5tiles & ,jews 9 ! ,*ur*1 & aga9/ ! obligation ^u ! ,g5tiles ( circumcision & ! c]emonial law4 ,t controv]sy 0 ! occasion ( ! apo/olic conf]5ce at ,j]usalem1 :i* is describ$ bo? by ,/4 ,luke 9 ! ,acts#h &1 f ! po9t ( view ( ,/4 ,paul's own 'apology1' 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians#i4 ,x is felt at its :ite/ heat 9 t int5sely conc5trat$ & passionate epi/le4 ,b by ! "t t ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans came to be writt5 ! controv]sy 0 quiet+ d[n4 ,! victory ( ,ca?olicism ov] ,judaism 0 z good z won4 ,! great pr9ciple ( ju/ification by fai?1 n by works ( ! law1 _h develop$ itself lucidly #e & cle>ly 9 ,/4 ,paul's m9d1 & fl[$ out 9 our epi/le 9 an ord]$ sequ5ce ( ?\ght1 ri*1 pr(\nd1 & mature4 ,& !re 7 special reasons :y x %\ld h be5 express$ 9 writ+ at ?is mom5t1 & to ! ,roman ,*ri/ians4 ,?\gh ! heat ( ! conflict inside ! ,*ur* 0 ov]1 ! fi]ce ho/ility ( _m ( ! ,jews1 bo? )9 & )\t ! ,*ur*1 to ,/4 ,paul p]sonally 0 by no means pa/4 ,n[ ,/4 ,paul 0 on 8 way up to ,j]usalem ) ! money collect$ 9 ! ,g5tile *ur*es = ! poor bre?r5 !re4 ,he atta*$ great importance to ?is expression ( ,g5tile goodwill1 & almo/ m importance to its acceptance at 8 h&s by ! ,j]usalem ,*ri/ians#aj4 ,x 0 to be a l9k ( mutual1 practical love to b9d ! div]g5t elem5ts 9 ! ,*ur* toge!r4 ,b he felt1 & z exp]i5ce %[$ rightly1 t 8 ent]prise w\ld be att5d$ ) great p]il to 8 life4 ,?is epi/le !re=e1 l 8 spee* at ,miletus1 has some?+ ( ! "* ( 'la/ words#aa4' ,he is 9 writ+ x committ+ to ! future ! fruits ( 8 lab\rs1 s f> z !y c be express$ 9 a doctr9e1 at a mom5t :5 he feels t _! cont9uance is be+ #f s]i\sly imp]ill$4 ,& ?is summ>y ( 8 life's tea*+ 9 its mo/ *>act]i/ic aspect is mo/ fitly address$ to ! ,*ri/ians ( ! great city :i* 0 ! c5tre ( ! !n _w4 ,/4 ,paul already conceiv$ ( ,*ri/ianity z1 9 prospect at lea/1 ! religion ( ! empire4 ,x 0 va/ly important1 !re=e1 t ! capital %\ld "k x & hold x 9 its full glory & ri*ness4 ,he himself1 if he escap$ safe ?r\gh ! visit to ,j]usalem1 0 b5t on imm$iately go+ ?i!r & secur+ ?is great end by 8 p]sonal m9i/ry#ab4 ,b he c\ld n dep5d on ! future4 ,he mu/ seize ! gold5 mom5t--buy+ up ! opportunity at lea/ by a lett]4 ,?is1 9 v brief words1 is an acc\nt ( ! circum/ances & conditions "u :i* ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans 0 writt51 & x mu/ suffice = ! mom5t till "s ( ! details are pres5t$ to u 9 its lat] *apt]s4 ii4 ,!re are m5 ( :om x is especially true t _! tea*+ is ! outcome ( _! own #g p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,if a man's tea*+ is to h any real =ce ?is mu/ be 9 a measure true 9 any case4 ,b 9 "s m5 ! p]sonal exp]i5ce has set an exceptionally /rong impress ^u ! intellectual convictions1 & s ^u ! tea*+4 ,su* m5--o!rwise v diff]5t f "o ano!r--are ,augu/9e1 ,dante1 ,lu!r1 ,bunyan1 ,newman4 ,su* an "o 0 ,/4 ,paul4 ,8 intellectual !ory is on fire ) ! emotions br$ ( a p]sonal exp]i5ce1 bo? bitt] & sweet1 b always int5se4 ,& if !re is pr(ess$ly m ( autobiography 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians1 yet 9 fact we "k ,/4 ,paul's int]ior life1 bo? be=e & aft] 8 'conv]sion1' s f> z we "k x at all1 ma9ly ?r\gh ! g5]aliz$ acc\nt ( x 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans4 ,= ! doctr9e ( ju/ification by fai?1 n by works ( ! law1 develop$ 9 ?is epi/le1 is ! record ( 8 p]sonal exp]i5ce r$uc$ to a g5]al pr9ciple4 ,/4 ,paul _h1 on ! l9es ( 8 ,ph>isaic education1 9 ! fir/ half ( 8 life zeal\sly s\ght to be ju/ifi$ by works1 & _h f\nd out 8 mi/ake4 ,:at is ! real mean+ ( ?is phrase8 ,ord9>ily we ,engli%m5 f9d x natural to appropriate ,/4 ,james' 'common s5se' language #h ab\t ju/ification r ?an ,/4 ,paul's#ac1 & say t fai? is surely ( no moral value )\t works or good actions1 & t we c be ju/ifi$ by no?+ else except our conduct4 ,or if ! ,ph>isees are po9t$ to ) _! rigid ecclesia/ical obs]vances z types ( m5 seek+ to be ju/ifi$ be=e ,god by ! m]its ( _! works1 !n1 9 ?is s5se ( works1 we feel t ! idea ( ju/ification by su* means1 ap>t f deep] moral ef=t1 is "o :i* has pass$ out ( our horizon4 ,yet if we get to ! moral ess5ce ( ! ,ph>isaic idea1 we may /ill f9d x ly+ v close at h& to u1 ev5 ?\gh we d n "k :at a phylact]y means1 & are at a safe di/ance f fa/+ twice 9 ! week1 or giv+ ti!s ( all t we acquire4 ,a well-to-d ,engli%man1 ( :atev] class1 has a /rong s5se ( respectability4 ,he has a code ( duty & hon\r :i* he is at pa9s to obs]ve4 ,a soldi]1 a g5tleman1 a woman ( fa%ion1 a peasant's wife1 a s*oolboy1 & an und]graduate1 repres5t+ n m ?an ! av]age moral levels ( _! diff]5t classes1 w all ( !m make really great sacrifices to fulfil ! requirem5ts ( _! respective codes4 ,_! consci5ce requires #i ?is ( !m1 & !y w\ld be mis]able 9 fall+ %ort ( x4 ,b _! consci5ce is also limit$ to x4 ,!y res5t ! claim ( a progressive morality4 ,consci5ti\s )9 ! region ( ! traditional & ! expect$1 !y are (t5 almo/ imp5etrable to light f beyond4 ,!y are n]v\sly afraid ( ! v idea ( subject+ _! life to a fundam5tal revision 9 ! light ( ,*ri/'s claim1 or to ! idea ( surr5d] to ! div9e light :]ev] x may lead4 ,b ?is frame ( m9d--consci5ti\sness )9 a limit$ & well-e/abli%$ area accept$ by public op9ion1 c\pl$ ) res5tm5t at :atev] complet] & div9] claim may int]f]e to disconc]t "o's self-satisfaction1 & bid "o beg9 afre% on a tru] basis--is t v attempt to be ju/ifi$ by works :i* appe>$ 9 ! case ( ! ,ph>isees1 only dress$ 9 v diff]5t guise to t 9 :i* ! conditions ( mod]n ,engl& clo! x4 ,= ! ,ph>isees ( ! ,gospels 7 ! lat] repres5tatives ( ! ,hasidaeans1 i4e4 ,*asidim or 'pi\s' folk1 :om we he> ( 9 ! ,books ( ,maccabees#ad4 ,! lat] religi\s developm5t ( ,israel lay along ! l9es ( #aj rigid rev]5ce = ! law4 ,9 days !n ( g5]al laxity & a g5]al preval5ce ( ,greek cu/oms1 ^! pi\s ,israelites unit$ !mselves to promote ! dev\t obs]vance ( _! law4 ,_! relation to ,maccabaean h]oes & rul]s v>i$1 z religi\s or political motives 7 upp]mo/ 9 ! ,maccabaean h\se4 ,!y !mselves pursu$ "o consi/5t aim4 ,!y came to be kn[n z ! ,ph>isees1 ! sep>at$ or ! sep>ati/s1 ! p>ty :o kept alo( f ev]y?+ common or unclean4 ,z su* !y repres5t$ ! religi\s nation 9 its lat] developm5t4 ,!y _h ! bulk ( ! p1 & especially ! wom51 ) !m4 ,!y _h consequ5tly1 z ,josephus tells u1 an irresi/ible influ5ce ^u public affairs1 & especially ^u religi\s affairs1 & !y held ! social position befitt+ ! legitimate religi\s lead]s ( ,god's own p4 ,?is position1 ) its accompany+ reputation1 !y d\btless des]v$ by _! zeal = ! law1 & = ! 'traditions ( ! fa!rs' :i* h$g$ ab\t or int]pret$ ! law4 ,b accord+ to ! solemn witness ( ,*ri/ & ,/4 ,paul1 a disa/r\s l[]+ ( ! be/ moral /&>d ( ! ,old ,te/am5t scriptures _h tak5 place among !m4 ,! ,mosaic law 01 #aa ( c\rse1 a matt] ma9ly ( outw>d obs]vance1 & !re=e w\ld become a matt] ( rigid social requirem5t )9 ! area ( su* a body z ! ,ph>isees4 ,n[h]e does public op9ion act m /rongly ?an 9 a close religi\s circle4 ,b ! social requirem5t accord+ to tradition came to be sub/itut$ = t deep] spiritual relation ( ! 'holy nation' & ! individuals compos+ x to ,god & ,8 w1 :i* is ! real moral ess5ce ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ',h[ c ye believe1' our ,"l said to !m1 ':i* receive glory "o ( ano!r1 & ! glory t come? f ! only ,god ye seek n#ae8' ,?is is ! c5tral moral weakness ( ! ,ph>isaic position4 ,a social or ecclesia/ical tradition _h tak5 ! place ( ! w ( ,god4 ,?is social tradition 0 rigid & /]n 9 respect ( ! 'tradition ( ! eld]s1' b x did n revise itself con/antly or at all 9 ! light ( ! m9d ( ,god1 & !re=e its moral /&>d became debas$4 ,x 'made void ! ^w ( ,god because ( ! tradition4' ,x 'ti!d m9t & anise & cumm91 & left undone ! weighti] matt]s ( ! law1 judgem5t1 & m]cy1 & fai?4' ,x '/ra9$ out ! gnat1 & swall[$ ! camel#af4' ,x #ab came to be almo/ purely ext]nal & consi/5t ) ev5 ! grosse/ spiritual hypocrisy1 z bo? ,/4 ,paul & our ,"l ,himself assure u4 ,above all1 x 0 completely satisfi$ ) itself4 ',we h ,abraham to our ,fa!r4' ',i ?ank !e t ,i am n z o!r m5 are4' ,t is ! *>act]i/ic tone ( ,ph>isees & ( all :o1 h[ev] unlike !m o!rwise1 are liv+ by a /rong social /&>d & prid+ !mselves on belong+ to a respectable & dignifi$ class4 ,?is x is t ,/4 ,paul calls seek+ to be ju/ifi$ or comm5d$ to ,god by 'works' or 'works ( ! law'--n1 we mu/ obs]ve1 'good works1' su* z are ! fruit ( a "r disposition t[>ds ,god1 ( :i* ,/4 ,paul nev] spoke ) any disp>agem5t4 ,x is ! *>act]i/ic ( ! ,ph>isaic attitude t a man holds by a /rict code en=c$ by ! public op9ion ( 8 *ur* or circle2 a code :i* he dilig5tly & ev5 pa9fully obeys4 ,b x is *>act]i/ic ( ?is attitude also t x res5ts new light1 & tacitly claims indep5d5ce ev5 ( ,god1 provid$ t '! law' is kept or ! accept$ /&>d ma9ta9$4 ,?us ! ,ph>isees res5t$ ! ,*ri/1 :5 r5ew+ ! voice ( ! old prophets1 )\t respect ( p]sons1 ,he expos$ ! #ac moral weaknesses ( ^! religi\s lead]s1 & bade !m1 9 effect1 beg9 aga9 & ?9k afre% :at ,god's w really meant3 :5 ,he w>n$ !m t ! "o unp>donable s9 is to be self-satisfi$ 9 "o's own eyes1 & to repudiate z an imp]t95t intrud] ! fre% div9e light4 ,! /ory is v famili>4 ,!y res5t$ & reject$ ! ,*ri/ because ,he made ! unlimit$ div9e claim ^u !m3 because ,he spoke to !m z ,god to ! human s\l1 & n z ! repres5tative ( '! tradition4' ',seek+ to e/abli% _! own righte\sness1 !y did n subject !mselves to ! righte\sness ( ,god#ag4' ,n[ we und]/& :at x is to seek to be ju/ifi$ by works4 ,x is to h a social or ecclesia/ical code1 & to claim acceptance 9 ,god's sight because we p]=m x1 mean:ile mak+ '! law' "u :i* we act1 believ$ to be div9e1 a sub/itute = ! liv+ & p]sonal ,god1 & res5t+ any fre% & imm$iate claim ( ,god on ! human s\l4 ,9 ?is mixture ( subs]vi5ce & indep5d5ce1 ( religi\s humility & human pride1 ,saul ( ,t>sus _h be5 br\ght up 'at ! feet ( ,gamaliel 9 ,j]usalem4' ,8 0 n #ad "o ( ^? slack consci5ces :i* enable m5 to take ! l[e/ l9e :i* respectable public op9ion w all[4 ,9 e ecclesia/ical sy/em ! /rict law comes to be mitigat$ by v>i\s disp5sations & comp5sations--g5]ally sub/itutions ( ! easi] c]emonial = ! h>d] moral requirem5t4 ,b "y ,saul no d\bt took ! law 9 its fulle/ s5se z ! ?+ to be kept1 ) all its accompany+ traditions4 ,s tak51 x con/itut$ no d\bt :at ,/4 ,pet] calls x#ah--;an intol]able yoke4 ,a /rict ,jew mu/ h _h a v difficult life ( x4 ,b x 0 n ?is yoke ( specific outw>d requirem5ts t /agg]$ ,/4 ,paul4 ,:at he f\nd cru%+ 0 ! inw>d claim--',?\ %all n covet#ai4' ,he :o _h det]m9$ to appe> be=e ,god at ! la/ ) a cle> record z "o :o _h kept ! law1 f\nd himself confront$ by an inn] & se>*+ claim ( ! div9e righte\sness1 to :i* no blamelessness 9 outw>d conduct enabl$ him to correspond4 ,he c\ld n help feel+ himself a s9n] 9 ! eye ( ,god2 & ! sacrificial sy/em pla9ly gave 8 consci5ce no relief at all4 ,he does n ev5 allude to x 9 ?is connexion4 ,mean:ile1 z he mov$ #ae ab\t 9 ,jewi% society ( ! empire at ,t>sus & else:]e1 he f\nd t x requir$ no spiritual microscope to discov] t ! law 9 _m ( its pla9e/ moral injunctions 0 9 fact n be+ obs]v$ at all4 ,he seem$ to see t in/ead ( ! law be+ really ! means ( ju/ification1 x 9 effect put '! righte\s nation' simply 9 ! position ( condemn$ s9n]s1 & himself among !m1 z fully z if !y 7 simply )\t a div9ely giv5 law1 l ! 's9n]s ( ! ,g5tiles4' ,we "k well h[1 :5 ! way ( ,god _h be5 le>nt m p]fectly1 ?is e>li] moral exp]i5ce ( ! effect ( ! law on himself & o!rs work$ itself out 9 ,/4 ,paul's m9d into a deep !ory ( ! function1 n ( '! law' only1 t is ! ,mosaic law1 b ( law altoge!r--( '! lett]' ( any body ( ext]nal enactm5ts4 ,law1 he f\nd1 c\ld enlight5 ! consci5ce1 b x c\ld nev] rea* deep en\gh to ! spr+s ( w to /r5g!n & purify !m4 ,god mu/ become m intimate to man ?an any ext]nal law c make ,him4 ,a law ( ord9ances c only be a prep>atory discipl9e1 int5d$ by ! v falsity ( ! assumption on :i* x is bas$ to tea* m5 t !y are n :at !y fanci$ !mselves4 #af ,!y fanci$ !mselves be+s suffici5tly indep5d5t to /& on _! own basis & ent] into a cov5ant ) ,god1 to make a compact ) ,him to obs]ve a law & to abide by ! result4 ,x is ! function ( su* a compact z betwe5 indep5d5t p>ties to conv9ce m5 t any su* relation betwe5 ,god1 ! ,creator & ,giv]1 & man1 ! creature & simply ! receiv]--/ill m betwe5 ,god ! ,holy & man ! defil$ & weak5$--is simply contr>y to fundam5tal facts#bj4 ,z yet1 h[ev]1 ,/4 ,paul 0 only r5d]$ mis]able by 8 exp]i5ce "u ! law4 ,to feel himself a s9n] ali5at$ f ,god 0 a pr(\nd humiliation to 8 spiritual pride4 ,he 0 fir$ no d\bt by ! l(ty ideal ( ! righte\s nation1 /&+ be=e ,god 9 virtue ( its righte\sness1 ( its p]=mance ( ! div9e law1 & !re=e mak+ its claim on ,god to v9dicate x be=e ! :ole _w4 ,he ?rew himself zeal\sly into rigid obs]vance3 only1 h[ev]1 to f9d himself humiliat$ & p]plex$4 ,mean:ile1 he 0 becom+ consci\s ( ! #ag claim ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? to be ! ,*ri/4 ,"u :at conditions t claim began to confront him we d n 9 ! lea/ "k4 ,b he mu/ h kn[n 9 ! p]iod be=e 8 conv]sion t ! sev]e/ attack on ! spiritual position ( ! ,ph>isees ev] deliv]$ _h be5 deliv]$ by ,him :o claim$ to be ! ,*ri/2 t ! ,ph>isees 9 consequ5ce _h ?r[n all _! influ5ce into ! rejection ( ,8 claim1 & if !y _h n be5 ! mo/ direct in/rum5ts ( ,8 dea?1 yet _h enc\rag$ & sanction$ x4 ,?us ! m dissatisfi$ he became 9 8 own consci5ce1 ! m zeal\s he grew = ! ,ph>isaic position1 & ! m fanatical1 !re=e1 aga9/ ! foll[]s ( ! crucifi$ ,jesus4 ,at :at po9t x began to dawn ^u 8 consci5ce t p]haps ,jesus 0 "r & n ! ,ph>isees2 t p]haps x 0 9 ,8 tea*+ t 8 own re/less he>t 0 to f9d repose1 we c only wond]4 ,"s /ruggle su* z ?is dawn+ consci\sness w\ld involve he c]ta9ly pass$ ?r\gh4 ',x 0 h>d = him to kick aga9/ ! goad#ba4' ,at la/1 & at a def9ite mom5t1 ,god 'triumph$ ov] him' 9 ,*ri/1 & he gave 9 8 #ah allegiance to ,jesus z ! ,*ri/ on ! road to ,damascus4 ,_m a man has ?us aft] a /ruggle surr5d]$ to ,god at discretion3 _m a man has %[n ! w1 z ,fab] calls x1 'to lose my w 9 ,81 ,& by t loss be free4' ,b to no man c x ev] h involv$ a complet] sacrifice ( 8 own pride & prejudice--( 8 own p]sonal com=t & safety--?an x did to ,/4 ,paul3 &1 !re=e1 9 no man did x ev] involve a va/] increase ( spiritual illum9ation4 ,hi!rto he _h /ood on ! basis :i* 8 pride 9 8 religi\s position gave him &1 />t+ !nce1 _h s\ght to erect ! spiritual fabric ( a life acceptable to ,god4 ,b ! m he _h kn[n ( ,god & ! m he _h /ruggl$1 ! less satisfi$ he _h become4 ,god seem$ to be 9 no o!r attitude t[>ds him ?an t ( a dissatisfi$ taskma/]4 ,n[ he _h surr5d]$ at discretion into ,god's h&s4 ,he _h no position ( 8 own to ma9ta94 ,he _h put himself 9 ,god's h&s4 ,9 ,8 sight he 0 cont5t to be treat$ z a s9n]1 j l "o ( ! ,g5tiles--to be =giv5 ( ,8 pure & unm]it$ love1 & ( ,8 pure & unm]it$ love endu$ ) a spiritual p[] = :i* #ai he c\ld take no cr$it to himself1 = x 0 simply a gift4 ,once m1 he _h h5ce=? no prejudices & recogniz$ no limitation on :at he might be requir$ to be> or d4 ,8 life 0 h&$ ov] to be controll$ f above4 ,?us :5 ,/4 ,paul sets ju/ification by fai? & fai? only 9 opposition to ju/ification by works ( ! law1 he is contra/+ two diff]5t attitudes t[>ds ,god & duty1 :i* 9 ! two halves ( 8 own %>ply sund]$ life he _h himself conspicu\sly repres5t$4 ,! contra/ may be express$ p]haps 9 f\r ways4 #a4 ,! man "u ! law ( works is ma9ly conc]n$ ab\t ext]nal conduct & obs]vances--! mak+ clean ( ! outside ( ! cup & ! platt]3 ! man ( fai? is conc]n$ almo/ altoge!r ) ! relation ( 8 he>t to ,god at ! spr+s ( action4 ,fai? is a disposition ( ! he>t :i* inde$ results 9 a c]ta9 k9d ( outw>d conduct1 b :i* has its value already1 prior to ! outw>d conduct1 because ( :at x inw>dly is4 ,fai?1 z ,calv9 said1 pregnant ) good works1 ju/ifies be=e !y are br\ght =?4 ,?is di/9ction betwe5 fai? & works und]lies ,/4 ,paul's tea*+ 9 p>ts1 b is nev] v prom95t4 #bj ,x acc\nts1 h[ev]1 = ,/4 ,paul's %r9k+ f any insi/5ce ^u outw>d obs]vances 9 ! ,*ur*1 su* z d n necess>ily convey any spiritual mean+ or p[]4 ',:y1' he cries to ! ,colossians1 'd ye subject y\rselves to ord9ances2 h&le n1 nor ta/e1 nor t\* 7all :i* ?+s are to p]i% ) ! us+71 aft] ! precepts & doctr9es ( m58#bb' #b4 ,inasmu* z '! law' 0 a national ?+1 s 'works ( ! law' 7 a suppos$ means ( ju/ification conf9$ to ,israel1 & an occasion ( contempt = o!r nations4 ,fai?1 on ! o!r h&1 ! m]e capacity to feel our own wants & to take ,god at ,8 ^w1 is a univ]sal quality & belongs1 or may belong1 to all m54 ,?us ju/ification by fai? is oppos$ to ju/ification by works ( ! law1 z ! univ]sal or ca?olic to ! m]ely ,jewi% or national1 & 9 ?is aspect ! contra/ occupies a great place 9 ,/4 ,paul's ?\ght & tea*+4 #c4 ,b x is n 9 ! ?+s x is occupi$ ab\t1 or 9 ! range ( its activity1 t fai? is mo/ c5trally contra/$ ) works4 ,x is 9 ! attitude ( man t[>ds ,god :i* x repres5ts4 ,! 'work]' = ju/ification always #ba reta9s 8 own indep5d5ce t[>ds ,god4 ,he works ^u ! basis ( a def9ite cov5ant by :i* ,god is b\nd z well z himself4 ,he has ! "r to res5t additional claims4 ,fai?1 on ! o!r h&1 means an entire ab&onm5t ( indep5d5ce4 ,x is self-committal1 self-surr5d]4 ',i "k him :om ,i h believ$1 & ,i am p]suad$ t he is able to gu>d t :i* ,i h committ$ unto him aga9/ t day#bc4' ,! man ( fai? ?r[s all ! responsibility = life on ,god1 & says simply & cont9ually1 ',speak1 ,"l1 = ?y s]vant he>e?4' ,x is ( ! utmo/ importance to notice t ?is is ! only attitude ( man t[>ds ,god :i* corresponds ) ! ultimate facts ( human nature1 z sci5ce & philosophy are b\nd to repres5t !m4 ,man is1 9 fact1 an absolutely dep5d5t be+1 physically & spiritually4 ,8 virtue mu/ lie1 n 9 orig9ativ5ess1 b 9 correspond5ce4 ,suppos+ him a free ag5t 9 ,god's univ]se1 8 fre$om c only consi/ 9 a p[] to correspond ) div9e =ces & laws intellig5tly & volunt>ily2 or on ! o!r h& to di/urb ! div9e ord] ( creation 9 a measure by #bb wilfulness & s94 ,n[ fai? is simply ! faculty ( lov+ correspond5ce ) ,god4 ',ju/ification by fai?' is ! only conception ( ju/ification :i* is possible 9 ! light ( ! root facts ( human nature4 ,b ( c\rse ! practical appeal ( ?is conclusion to ! he>t & w is imm5sely increas$1 if m5 c be %[n to h act$ z if !y 7 indep5d5t & to h f\nd x a failure2 if life liv$ 9 indep5d5ce ( ,god1 ) ,god z x 7 )drawn f ! actual sc5e ( life to its f>-(f horizon1 is f\nd to h result$ 9 havoc1 weakness & despair4 ,s1 9 fact1 ,/4 ,paul's doctr9e ( ! true means ( ju/ification is bas$ on an appeal1 n s mu* to ! ultimate con/itution ( our human nature z to ! exp]i5c$ results ( our indep5d5ce ( ,god1 to ! facts ( s91 :e!r among ,g5tiles or ,jews4 #d4 ,f9ally1 ! pr9ciple ( ju/ification by fai? is contra/$ ) t ( ju/ification by works ( ! law 9 ! view :i* x involves ( ! "* ( ,god4 ,! law1 z ,/4 ,paul int]prets x1 views ,god z a "l & taskma/]4 ,fai? pres5ts ,him z ! ,fa!r ( our spirits1 always wait+ ^u u ) ,8 et]nal1 un*angeable love2 be>+ ) u2 #bc deal+ ) u ev5 on a false basis :i* by our s9s we h =c$ ^u ,him1 9 ord] to br+ u to a recognition ( ! true2 anyway act+ or )hold+ action1 if by any means we c be won to recognize ,8 true "* & our true life4 ,^! are ! broad contra/s betwe5 ! alt]native me?ods ( ju/ification by fai? or by 'works ( ! law4' ,! law1 & ! attitude t[>ds ,god :i* ! law sugge/$1 are1 9 ,/4 ,paul's view1 ! ma9 *>act]i/ic ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,?is is a po9t ( view :i* we %\ld expect 9 "o tra9$ by ! ,ph>isees4 ,we may possibly feel t ,/4 ,paul t5ds to id5tify ) ! ,old ,te/am5t z a :ole "o p>ticul> elem5t 9 x :i* specially *>act]iz$ "o p>ticul> p]iod4 ,b at lea/ ! elem5t 0 !re1 & occupi$ !re a highly important place 9 ! :ole developm5t2 & if ,/4 ,paul 9 8 idealiz+ mann] sometimes speaks z if x 0 ! :ole ( ! old] cov5ant1 z if he _h =gott5 all ! tea*+ ( prophet & psalmi/1 yet he is n really =getful4 ,law is to him ! *>act]i/ic ( ! old cov5ant4 ,b beh9d ! law ,god's deal+s ) ,abraham are = ev] 9 8 imag9ation witness+ aga9/ ! law's #bd limitation1 & a simil> witness is kept up all along3 s t ,/4 ,paul c take out ( "o ( ! books ( ,moses 8 v c5tral /atem5t ( ! pr9ciple ( fai?#bd4 ,9 :at has j be5 said ju/ify+ fai? has be5 treat$ z if x 7 simply1 z x is really1 fai? 9 ,god2 :]eas 9 ,/4 ,paul's language ! object ( ju/ify+ fai? is con/antly ',jesus#be4' ,! explanation ( ?is is t 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ ,god has manife/$ ,8 "* z ,fa!r1 & has come ne> to m51 'reconcil+ ! _w unto ,himself1' by ! atonem5t wr\ght ?r\gh ,8 inc>nate ,son1 & giv+ conspicu\s evid5ce ( ,8 sav+ p[] by rais+ ,him f ! dead#bf4 ,?us1 if ,jesus is ! proximate object ( ju/ify+ fai?1 x is ,jesus z manife/+ ! ,fa!r1 ,jesus z ,god inc>nate2 & ,/4 ,pet] is /rictly int]pret+ ,/4 ,paul :5 he repres5ts ! object ( ,*ri/'s sacrifice & resurrection 9 ! phrase1 't y\r fai? & hope might be 9 ,god#bg4' ,! fai? ( ! ,*ri/ian is ! old fai? ( ,abraham & ,habakkuk1 ! fai? 9 ! ,"l #be ,jehovah only n[ made manife/ 9 a new & complet] mann]1 9 a m intimate relation to human life1 & ) a m w9n+ appeal to ! human he>t4 iii4 ,n[ t we h ga9$ a g5]al idea ( :at ,/4 ,paul meant by ju/ification by fai?1 z oppos$ to ju/ification by works ( law1 we are 9 a position to deal ) a numb] ( que/ions :i* h be5 fam\s 9 ecclesia/ical hi/ory4 ,does ju/ification mean be+ made righte\s1 or be+ reckon$ = righte\s8 if x means ! latt]1 h[ c ,god reckon u z be+ :at 9 fact we are n8 ,aga91 :at is ! relation ( ?is ju/ification to sanctification8 are ^! two /ages1 ( :i* ! fir/ is ov] be=e ! second c beg98 ,aga91 :at is ! relation ( ju/ification to ,*ur* memb]%ip8 is ju/ification a purely individual process or fact1 ( :i* memb]%ip 9 ! ,*ur* or1 :at comes to ! same ?+1 reception ( ! sacram5ts1 is a m]ely second>y & /rictly uness5tial consequ5ce8 ,! answ]s to ^! que/ions are all connect$ ) "o ano!r4 ,ju/ification1 to beg9 )1 is a judicial or1 z x is call$1 '=5sic' #bf ^w4 ,x expresses ! v]dict ( acquittal4 ,! use ( ! ^w 9 ! ,bible made ?is q indisputable#bh4 ,?us ,god ju/ifies :5ev] ,he refuses to condemn--:51 :atev] may h be5 our s9s1 ,he ignores !m1 & !re=e positively admits u into ! accept$ p4 ,& ,he decl>es ,8 will+ness to d ?is simply because a man believes 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,let a man believe1 or take ,god 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ at ,8 graci\s ^w1 & ! value ( ?is act ( tru/ or allegiance is su* t ,god reckons x = righte\sness1 & admits a man into ! accept$ p1 z if he 7 already fit = su* fell[%ip 9 8 actual habits or "*4 ,!re is 'imputation' "h1 b x is ! "r sort ( imputation4 ,x is deal+ ) u n z we are1 nor exactly z we are n1 b z we are becom+ 9 virtue ( a new atta*m5t "u :i* our life has pass$3 & ?is1 z ! engross+ mod]n conception ( developm5t makes x easy = u to p]ceive1 is ! only true & pr(\nd way ( reg>d+ any?+4 ,n ! /&>d already rea*$1 b ! movem5t1 direction1 or vitality is ! important matt]4 ,fai?1 !n1 is 'reckon$ = righte\sness' because x puts u ^u ! "r #bg basis & 9 ! "r relation to ,god2 & !re=e is a root out ( :i*1 provid$ x cont9ues to subsi/1 all righte\sness c heal?ily gr[2 :]eas ! mo/ brilliant ef=ts or 'works' on a wrong basis may h nei!r s\nd root nor pr9ciple ( progress 9 !m4 ,to believe 9 ,jesus is to h ! root ( ! matt] 9 oneself4 ,!re=e1 :5 a man fir/ believes1 ,god c ignore all 8 previ\s life1 & deal ) him simply on ! new basis1 9 hope4 ,( c\rse ?is prelim9>y acquittal or acceptance is provisional4 ,z ! s]vant#bi :o _h be5 =giv5 8 debts f\nd !m roll$ back ^u him :5 he behav$ 9 a mann] utt]ly inconsi/5t ) ! position ( a =giv5 man1 s our prelim9>y ju/ification may be promptly cancell$ by our future conduct if we behave z "o :o has '=gott5 ! cleans+ f 8 old s9s#cj4' ,! prodigal son1 aft] he has be5 welcom$ home1 may g back aga9 to ! 'f> c\ntry4' ,b x rema9s ! fact3--( su* inf9ite value & fruitfulness is fai? 9 ,god1 z ,he has %[n ,himself 9 ,jesus1 t :5 a man fir/ believes--aye1 :5ev]1 ov] & ov] aga91 he returns to believe--he is 9 ,god's sight on a new basis1 h[ev] d>k be ! #bh backgr\nd ( 8 previ\s s9s2 & he c be dealt ) simply on ! new basis1 accord+ to ! movem5t ( ! ,fa!r's he>t ( love :i* 8 fai? has set free4 ,n[ ! ju/ify+ fai? ( ! consci5ce-/rick5 s9n]1 ^: case ,/4 ,paul always has 9 ! =egr\nd ( 8 imag9ation1 means fir/ ( all & mo/ obvi\sly t he consci\sly takes ,god at ,8 ^w z be+ ready to =give 8 s9s1 & accept him = ,jesus' sake 9 :om he believes4 ,x is belief 9 ,god z =giv+1 or 9 ,jesus z--he does n /op to inquire h[--obta9+ & giv+ him =giv5ess4 ,& ,/4 ,paul laid great /ress on ?is simple acceptance ( ! gift ( p>don1 z ! gate ( ! new life & ! fir/ act ( fai?1 because ! read9ess to be treat$ z a s9n] & m]ely =giv5 9 spite 'f our s9s is1 z he knew full well 9 8 own case1 ! f9al ov]?r[ ( spiritual pride4 ,b ?is simple 'reliance on ! m]its ( ,*ri/1' & acceptance ( =giv5ess at ,8 h&s & = ,8 sake1 is a pr(\nd movem5t ( ! he>t--( ! spr+ ( human actions--:i* involves mu* m ?an appe>s4 ,lu!r 0 hopelessly wrong & unlike ,/4 ,paul :5 he isolat$ ?is m]e reliance on ano!r's m]its1 &1 sett+ x ap>t f all #bi deep] movem5t ( w or love1 w\ld h x1 & x only1 conc]n$ ) our ju/ification4 ,to ,/4 ,paul ev5 ! fir/ movem5t ( fai? is a surr5d] ( indep5d5ce1 & a recognition 9 intellect1 & mu* m 9 w1 ( ! lord%ip ( ,jesus4 ,x is1 9 o!r words1 a *ange ( allegiance1 & ?is is ! important ?+ ab\t x4 ,& ! absolv$ man1 9 ?ank+ ,god = 8 =giv5ess1 f9ds himself1 z x 71 inevitably & )\t any fre% act1 emb>k$ on a new s]vice4 ,if he does n f9d ?is1 he is n a man ( fai? at all4 ,fai? is s deep a pr9ciple t1 ?\gh x %[s itself fir/ z ! m]e acceptance ( an undes]v$ boon f ! div9e b\nty1 x involves su* hang+ ^u ,god z necess>ily enli/s ! w to *oose & s]ve ,him1 ! intellect to "k & wor%ip ,him ) a gr[+ p]ception z ,he is reveal$ 9 ,jesus1 & ! affections to desire & love ,him4 ,! life ( ju/ification ?us proce$s 'f fai? to fai?'--f fai? 9 ,*ri/ '= u' to fai? 9 ,*ri/ '9 u4' ,! ju/ifi$ man1 accept$ into ! 'body ( ,*ri/' by baptism & made a p>ticipator ( ! life ( ,*ri/1 receives ! cont9ual gifts ( ! div9e b\nty 9 _! appo9t$ *annels1 & 8 fai? ex]cis+ its natural #cj faculty ( correspond5ce1 absorbs & appropriates ! div9e gifts--intellectually1 s t ! eyes ( ! und]/&+ are op5$ 9 increas+ k--practically1 s t ',*ri/ dwells 9 ! he>t by fai?1' & x is no long] ! b>e human self :i* lives1 b ,*ri/ :i* lives 9 ! r5ew$ man1 ) a cont9ual display ( moral p[]4 ,! fir/ ju/ification or acceptance is !re=e a prelim9>y /ep3 x is acceptance = admission into ! div9e h\sehold1 or city ( ,god1 or life 9 ,*ri/4 ,x is a means to an end1 & t end ! fell[%ip ( ,*ri/1 & cont9ually develop+ assimilation to ,him4 ,does ?is mean1 !n1 t ju/ification & sanctification are processes foll[+ ! "o on ! o!r1 ( :i* ! =m] is ov] be=e ! latt] beg9s8 ,su* a /atem5t mu/ be repudiat$ s f> z its latt] clause is conc]n$4 ,y _c ?us logically sev] a vital process4 ,!y are two p>ts ( "o vital process2 & ! man :o is n on ! way to be+ made l ,*ri/ 7h[ev] f> (f x he may be at ! mom5t7 is by t v fact %[n to be n 9 a /ate ( ju/ification or acceptance ) ,god4 ,at any /age ( spiritual life !re mu/ be movem5t 9 ord] to make =giv5ess #ca possible4 ,grant ?is h[ev] & x becomes true t ju/ification1 z mean+ acquittal1 is a prelim9>y to sanctification1 t is1 ! be+ made l ,*ri/4 ,! hav+ our 'he>t set at lib]ty' is a prelim9>y to 'runn+ ! way ( ,god's comm&m5ts4' ,b ev5 s we mu/ recognize t ,/4 ,paul nev] exactly uses ?is language4 ,:5 he describes ! /ages ( ,god's deal+s ) ! s\l he passes f ju/ification to glorification1 or 7f9al7 deliv]ance f s9 & wra?#ca4 ,or1 on "o occasion1 he m5tions sanctification be=e ju/ification#cb4 ,?is is 9 "p acc\nt$ = by ! fact t ! ^w translat$ 'sanctify' or 'sanctification' means r 'consecrate' 7z to prie/hood7 or 'consecration4' ,& ?\gh ?is consecration involves 'sanctity' 79 our s5se7 because ( ! "* ( ,god to :om we are d$icat$1 yet x may prec$e x2 & we are 9 fact consecrat$ & hall[$ at ! mom5t :5 we are accept$ into ! 'prie/ly body' & ano9t$ ) ! div9e unction#cc4 ,?is exact mean+ ( ! t]m sanctification 9 "p acc\nts = ,/4 ,paul n speak+ ( sanctification & ju/ification z successive /ages ( ! spiritual life4 ,:5 he #cb is speak+ ab\t ju/ification he is answ]+ ! "q1 ,:at is ! attitude ( ! human s\l t[>ds ,god :i* sets ,god free1 s to speak1 to accept x & "w ^u x8 ,& ! answ] is1 ,! attitude ( fai?4 ,:5 he speaks ( sanctification1 or r consecration1 he is answ]+ ! impli$ "q1 ,h[ is ! individual to be ?\ght ( :5 he has be5 admitt$ by baptism into ! ,*ri/ian community8 ,& ! answ] is1 ,he is to be ?\ght ( z consecrat$1 or z %>+ ! life ( a consecrat$ p#cd4 ,/4 ,paul's language 9 "o place w\ld sugge/ t if 'ju/ification' qualifies = admission into ! life 9 ,*ri/1 ! result ( ?is admission is aga9 a ju/ification1 n n[ m]ely ( our p]sons1 b ( our :ole moral be+--a 'ju/ification ( life#ce4' ,b ?is is1 at lea/1 n 8 usual use ( ! ^w4 ,& n[ we approa* ! "q ( ! relation ( our individual ju/ification to memb]%ip 9 ! ,*ur* & all t goes ) t4 ,to put ! "q 9 a r\gh controv]sial way--,is ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans1 z x has be5 #cc frequ5tly held to be1 a ?or\ghly ,prote/ant "w8 ,! ,prophet ,ezekiel fir/ cle>ly disc]n$ & express$ ! tru? t ! new cov5ant ( ,god ) man mu/ be bas$ ^u ! conv]sion ( individual wills & he>ts4 ,s x 0 realiz$4 ,! basis ( ! ,*ur* 0 a pr(\nd movem5t ( individual fai? & love & allegiance1 9 ! apo/les & fir/ disciples4 ,& t on :i* x is bas$ is t by :i* x mu/ progress--! real ass5t & correspond5ce ( individual wills & he>ts4 ,!y t receive ! te/imony mu/ set to _! seals t ,god is true4 ,?us "o _c possibly exagg]ate ! importance 9 ,*ri/ianity ( ! individual spiritual life1 or ( individual conv]sion & fai?1 if he does n isolate x4 ,he _c possibly exagg]ate ! /ress laid 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans on individual fai? & its results1 if he does n =get its context4 ,b :at is meant by ?is proviso8 ,?is simply4 ,/4 ,paul1 9 8 doctr9e ( ju/ification by fai?1 is describ+ ! basis ( ! new cov5ant ( ,god ) man :i* is1 z truly z ! old1 a cov5ant ) a community1 an ,israel ( ,god4 ,! fai? :i* ju/ifies1 !re=e1 means ! fai? :i* qualifies = ! community z truly #cd z x admits into ! fav\r ( ,god4 ,! v evid5ce t ,god accepts ! fir/ movem5t ( fai? is t ! believ+ man is admitt$ by baptism into ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,! idea ( a fai? 9 ,jesus :i* does n seek admission into '! body1' or disp>ages x ev5 :ile x accepts x1 does n ev5 pres5t itself to ,/4 ,paul's m9d4 ,a fai? :i* is cont5t to rema9 outside ,*ri/ is no fai? at all1 & ! act ( be+ 'baptiz$ into ,*ri/' is an act by :i* '9 "o _s we are baptiz$ into "o body4' ,aga91 ! conception impress$ ^u ! in/itution ( ! ,eu*>i/ is t ,*ri/'s aton+ sacrifice is ! basis ( a new cov5ant ) a society :i* is to %>e ,8 life#cf4 ,else:]e ,/4 ,paul expresses ?is by say+ t :at ,*ri/ b\ght = ,himself 0 a ,*ur*1 a new ,israel#cg4 ,:at ,8 sacrifice pur*as$ 0 a new community4 ,!re is ! less necessity to insi/ ^u ?is tru? because x is n[ be+ v g5]ally p]ceiv$4 ,! mo/ p[]ful influ5ce 9 rec5t ,g]man ,prote/ant !ology is t ( ,albre*t ,rits*l1 & ?r\gh him ! tru? has come back1 ?r\gh unexpect$ *annels1 t ! object #ce ( ! sacrificial dea? ( ,*ri/1 & !re=e ( ! div9e ju/ification1 is n ! individual b ! ,*ur*#ch2 or1 if we may v5ture to modify ! phrase1 ! object ( div9e ju/ification is ! individual only z becom+ & rema9+ 7s f> z ,8 w is conc]n$7 a memb] ( ! ,*ur*4 ,9 fact1 'ju/ification' may be r5d]$1 )\t any false idea be+ atta*$ to x1 'acceptance = memb]%ip 9 ! sacr$ p1 ! ,israel ( ,god4' ,& :]e any "o has become a memb] ( ! ,*ur* )\t ev5 ! rudim5t>y fai? :i* c r5d] him acceptable 9 ,god's sight1 !re ! awak5+ ( su* fai? is ! condition ( pr(itable or 'sav+' memb]%ip4 ,f ?is po9t ( view x is n difficult to see ! relation ( our epi/le1 broadly1 to ,prote/antism & ,ca?olicism4 ,prote/antism 0 a reaction aga9/ "o-sid$ ecclesia/icism4 ,! ,*ur* is ! h\sehold ( ,god1 ! home ( ,8 p4 ,%e guides & discipl9es _! s\ls4 ,%e fe$s !m ) ! bread ( life4 ,b h] repres5tatives may suff] h] to lose ! spiritual *>act]i/ics ( ! new cov5ant #cf & fall back ^u ^? ( ! old4 ,%e may come to be *>act]iz$ by a m]e au?oritativ5ess4 ,! _s ( '! law ( ord9ances' may come to prevail aga94 ,! sacram5ts may be treat$ z *>ms2 or1 9 o!r words1 all moral & spiritual requirem5t may be summ$ up 9 m]e ob$i5ce1 or 9 do+ ?is & t4 ,s1 9 fact1 x happ5$ to a great ext5t 9 ! popul> m$iaeval sy/em2 & ,prote/antism 0 a reaction4 ,x 0 a reaction bas$ on tru?1 z ,lu!r seem$ to himself to re-discov] x 9 ! epi/les to ! ,romans & ! ,galatians4 ,b ! reaction broke up ! communion ( ,*ri/ians4 ,x ?us impair$ ! s5se ( ! "o body1 & v (t5 result$ 9 oblit]at+ ! p]ception ( any obligation to ! visible body ( ,*ri/ at all4 ,x became individuali/1 & disp>ag$ ! sacram5ts :i* are at once bo? ! outw>d means ( union ) ,*ri/ & ! bonds ( cohesion = ,8 body1 ! ,*ur*4 ,b z we n[ look back ^u ! matt]1 we c see z cle>ly z x is possible to see any?+1 t bo? m$iaeval ,ca?olicism & ,lu!ran ,prote/antism 7or mod]n ,engli% ,prote/antism7 repres5t "o-sid$ developm5ts 9 :i* ?\ghtful m5 _c p]man5tly acquiesce4 ,! prelim9>y ju/ify+ #cg fai? ( ! individual does b w>rant 8 admission into ! body ( ,*ri/1 ! div9e society1 by baptism4 ,& once admitt$ into ! body1 & in/ruct$ 9 h] tradition1 fai? f9ds its function intellectually 9 m$itat+ ^u & appropriat+ ! full mean+ ( ! my/]y ( ,god1 & spiritually 9 appropriat+ & dige/+ ! p[]s ( t div9e & human life into :i* baptism admits u1 & 9 :i* ! sacram5tal fea/ & sacrifice cont9ually makes u anew p>ticipators4 ,! ,*ur* ) its sacram5tal gifts1 & ! p]sonal fai? ( ! conv]t$ he>t1 are no m to be set 9 anti!sis ?an food & dige/ion1 or ! 'virtue :i* w5t out ( ,*ri/' & ! fai? 9 ,him :i* made m5 :ole4 ,! sacram5ts c]ta9ly d n save u )\t conv]sion & fai?1 & fai? :i* leaves u volunt>ily isolat$ f ! visible communion ( ! "o body is n :at ,/4 ,paul meant by 'ju/ify+ fai?4' ',ah1 yet consid] x aga96' is :at we are cont9ually tempt$ to exclaim to "s ( our mod]n controv]siali/s :o appe> to be /ill repeat+ ! wat*words ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,= 9 fact ! fam\s controv]sial positions ( ! p]iod ( ! ,re=mation 7 #ch int5sely "o-sid$1 & h be5 antiquat$ by complet] & matur] /udy--n lea/ 9 ! matt] ( ju/ification4 ,?us ,calv9's position on ! subject 0 bas$ ^u & p]meat$ by a conception ( ,god z pr$e/9at+ & creat+ & int]nally con/ra9+ "s m5 to et]nal life1 & equally pr$e/9at+ & creat+ & ab&on+ o!r m51 )\t possibility ( recov]y1 to et]nal mis]y4 ,su* a conception is utt]ly abhorr5t to mod]n consci5ces3 & we %all h occasion to obs]ve ) h[ little reason any conception ( ,god pr$e/9at+ man to et]nal mis]y has be5 attribut$ to ,/4 ,paul#ci4 ,lu!r aga91 :o id5tifi$ himself1 z no o!r tea*] has ev] done1 ) ,/4 ,paul's epi/les ( ju/ification1 0 s zeal\s to sep>ate ! fai? 9 virtue ( :i* ,god ju/ifies u f all idea ( m]it1 t he repres5t$ x z a b>e acceptance ( ! div9e (f] )\t any moral quality at all--a b>e believ+ ourselves to be sav$1 )\t any moral reason 9 x4 ,?us1 accept+ an exi/+ s*ola/ic di/9ction betwe5 an 'in=m$' fai?1 i4e4 a fai? ens\l$ #ci by love1 & a '=mless' or b>e fai?1 he held ! fai? on acc\nt ( :i* ,god ju/ifies u to be rigidly ( ! =mless k9d2 & :ile fully recogniz+ ! ri*] sort ( fai? z ! ,god-giv5 quality ( ^? already ju/ifi$1 decl>$ t x _h no?+ to d ) _! ju/ification4 ,b ?is conception ( two sep>ate sorts ( fai?1 ( :i* only ! loveless sort1 t involves no moral wor?1 has to d ) our acceptance ) ,god1 is n only a high road to moral laxity or ant9omianism1 b is also utt]ly ali5 to ! _s ( ,/4 ,paul1 9 :om ! :ole life ( fai? is "o & cont9u\s#dj4 ,x c\ld only h aris5 at a p>ticul> mom5t ( !ological controv]sy :i* is pa/ & gone4 ,& ! same mu/ be said ( ! alli$ doctr9e ( ! total depravity ( our fall5 nature1 :i* drove m5 to viol5t mis9t]pretations alike ( scripture & ( _! moral in/9cts4 ,& :at ( ! ,trid5t9e !ology8 ,no d\bt 9 its g5]al view ( our fall5 human nature x is f> m reasonable & ,paul9e ?an ! ,lu!ran2 & x is also tru] to ,/4 ,paul 9 lay+ ! ma9 /ress on a div9e righte\sness #dj actually imp>t$ to u1 & n on ,*ri/'s m]its imput$ & n imp>t$2 or1 9 o!r words1 9 recogniz+ t =giv5ess is only a prelude to ! developm5t ( a new life ( hol9ess4 ,b on ! o!r h& x puts itself hopelessly out ( relation to ,/4 ,paul's language & ?\ght by int]pret+ ju/ification z ! be+ made righte\s1 & accord+ly speak+ ( baptism z ! in/rum5t by :i* we are ju/ifi$1 :]eas to ,/4 ,paul ju/ification means our prelim9>y acceptance )\t reg>d to :at we h be51 & ! initial fai? :i* enables m5 to be ?us accept$ w\ld normally1 9 ^? he is ?9k+ ab\t1 h prec$$ baptism1 z 9 8 own case1 or t ( ,cornelius1 or ( ! eunu*4 ,:o c d\bt t ! fai? ( ,/4 ,paul's conv]sion is :at enabl$ ,god to accept him1 ?\gh x rema9$ = him1 z = o!r m51 to 'wa% away 8 s9s' by be+ 'baptiz$ into ,*ri/#da8' ,may we n truly say t deep] & matur] /udy ( ,/4 ,paul has = u und]cut & antiquat$ ! !ological /&+-gr\nds ( ! #da sixte5? c5tury1 & sub/itut$ = !m some?+ bo? tru]1 complet]1 & fre]8 iv4 ,x only rema9s to make m emphatic :at has be5 already sugge/$1 t ! ,paul9e doctr9e ( ju/ification is ( mu* m ?an antiqu>ian int]e/4 ,we d n1 z has be5 already %[n1 get rid ( ! 'dang] ( ?9k+ to be sav$ by works' because we are n1 l ! ,ph>isees1 ab&on$ to ecclesia/ical obs]vances4 ,all moral codes or /&>ds1 sanction$ by a society or class & involv+ no m ?an a limit$ liability1 come "u ! moral category ( 'works ( a law4' ,!y all are apt to leave m5 z indep5d5t ( ,god z ! ,ph>isees1 & z res5tful ( ! full] light4 ,! late ,ma/] ( ,balliol expresses a *>act]i/ic op9ion t ! notions ( 'legal righte\sness1' or ( '! pride ( human nature1' or '! t5d5cy to rebel aga9/ ! w ( ,god1 or to atta* an undue value to good works#db1' are 'fictions z appli$ to our own "t#dc4' ,b #db ?is is surely lam5tably untrue4 ,m5 all r\nd u dread ! idea ( committ+ !mselves to ,god4 ,!y d n "k h[ f> x w c>ry !m4 ,!y are l w\ld-be soldi]s :o %\ld refuse to enli/ till !y _h _h "s assurance z to ! extreme/ risk t _! s]vice might involve4 ,?us1 because !y _c get ?is assurance1 !y w make no beg9n+ ( ! life ( real fai?4 ,!y live by a limit$ code :i* reta9s _! indep5d5ce = !m4 ,if !y are also ecclesia/ically m9d$1 ! 'legal righte\sness' always involv$ 9 ?is sort ( morality becomes ev5 outw>dly m l t ( ! ,ph>isees1 & x is n v uncommon among *ur*m54 ,b ! :ole habit ( m9d1 inside or outside ! area ( pr(ess$ *ur*man%ip1 has its root 9 :at is prop]ly & pr(\ndly human pride & ! false cl++ to indep5d5ce ( ,god4 ,?is 'pride ( life' seems to be almo/ m dang]\s &1 9 fact1 disa/r\s ?an ev5 '! lu/ ( ! fle% & ! lu/ ( ! eyes4' ,?us if we c only get ,/4 ,paul's doctr9e ( ! necessity ( fai? rightly und]/ood1 !re is no tea*+ m necess>y = ^! times4 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 :]e m5 are really ready to foll[ ! light & d ,god's w1 !y #dc ne$--!y ne$ exce$+ly = ! good ( ! :ole body--to realize ,/4 ,paul's tea*+ ab\t ju/ification1 t is1 ab\t ,god's con/ant attitude t[>ds m51 9 ord] to obta9 t peace :i* is meant to be1 n ! f>-(f goal ( ,*ri/ian life1 b its basis & f\ndation4 ,:5 a p]son is cont9u\sly appreh5sive & excit$ ab\t 8 spiritual /ate1 he is n 9 ! temp] ( m9d 9 :i* he c be/ s]ve ,god or "w out 8 own or o!r m5's salvation4 ',peace mu/ g be=e z well z foll[ aft]2 a peace1 too1 n to be f\nd 9 ! necessity ( law 7z philosophy has sometimes held71 b 9 ! s5se ( ! love ( ,god to ,8 creatures4 ,he has no "r to ?is peace1 & yet he has x4' ,9 ^! words ( ! same writ] :om we j n[ 7 oblig$ to criticize we may f9d a simple expression ( ! tru?4 ',:]e=e1 be+ accept$ ( ,god simply because we take ,him at ,8 ^w1 let u h & hold peace ) ,god ?r\gh our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/#dd4' ,!n we c ?r[ ourselves )\t emb>rassm5ts into ! life ( love & sacrifice1 ! life :i* has ! love ( ,god 9 ,*ri/ = its motive1 & reflects x among m54 ,no d\bt we mu/ admit t ,/4 ,paul's #dd doctr9e ( ju/ification has n be5 g5]ally appreciat$ 9 ! ,*ur*--! fact is /range1 b x is indisputable4 ,no d\bt also we mu/ admit t ^? :o h *iefly be5 id5tifi$ ) x h (t5 ev5 disa/r\sly di/ort$ x4 ,no d\bt1 z a result bo? ( ?is neglect & ( ?is di/ortion1 ! ord9>y religi\s ,engli%man ( ! pres5t day is dispos$ to pass x by z hav+ little mean+ = him4 ,nev]!less x rema9s true t no revival ( religion c ev] atta9 to any rip5ess or ri*ness unless ?is c5tral doctr9e ( ,/4 ,paul's gospel resumes its c5tral place ) u also4 ,=1 z ,/4 ,paul prea*$ x1 x means ?is above all else--p]sonal devotion to ,jesus ,*ri/ z our r$eem]4 ,?is p]sonal devotion beg9s by accept+ f ,him ! unm]it$ boon ( =giv5ess ( our s9s1 & 7:at is only ! o!r side ( su* =giv5ess7 inh]itance 9 ! consecrat$ body4 ,b ! consci\sness ( :at we h receiv$ f ,*ri/1 & ! price x co/ ,him to put x at our disposal1 gives to ! :ole subsequ5t life ! "* ( a devotion bas$ on gratitude4 ,?is is ! ,*ri/ian life accord+ to ,/4 ,paul--p]sonal devotion to ,*ri/ & p]sonal s]vice bas$ on gratitude = :at ,he has done = u4 ',= ! love ( ,*ri/ #de con/ra9e? u2 because we ?us judge1 t "o di$ = all1 !re=e all di$2 & ,he di$ = all1 t !y :i* live %\ld no long] live unto !mselves1 b unto ,him :o = _! sakes di$ & rose aga94' #a ,acts xx4 #bc4 #b ,hort's ,prolegom5a to ,romans & ,ephesians 7,macmillan1 #ahie71 p4 #i4 #c ,s&ay & ,headlam's ,comm5t>y 7,t4 ,t4 ,cl>k1 #ahie71 p4 xxviii4 ,?is comm5t>y is h5ce=? ref]r$ to z ,s4 ,h4 #d ,see ,rom4 ii4 #ag2 iii4 #i1 c4 #e ,see ,rom4 i4 #ac2 xi4 #ac-cb2 xv4 #ad-ba4 #f ,rom4 xvi4 #c4 #g ,see ,rom4 vi4 #ag1 & rem>ks p4 #bcd2 cf4 ,s4 ,h41 p4 xli4 #h ,acts xv4 #a-ce4 #i ,gal4 ii4 #a-aj4 #aj ,rom4 xv4 #be-cb4 #aa ,hort1 l4c41 p4 #dd4 #ab ,rom4 i4 #aj1 #aa2 xv4 #bb-bd4 #ac ,on ! relation betwe5 ! two1 see lat]1 p4 #afh4 #ad #a ,macc4 ii4 #db2 vii4 #ac ff4 #ae ,john v4 #dd4 #af ,matt4 xv4 #f2 xxiii4 #bc4 #ag ,rom4 x4 #c4 #ah ,acts xv4 #aj4 #ai ,rom4 vii4 #g4 #bj ,see ! argum5t ( ,gal4 iii4 #ae-bb4 ',god is "o' 9 a s5se :i* excludes ! idea ( any relatively indep5d5t contract+ p>ty ov] aga9/ ,him4 #ba ,acts xxvi4 #ad4 #bb ,col4 ii4 #bj-bb4 #bc #b ,tim4 i4 #ab4 #bd ,rom4 x4 #e-h4 #be ,cf4 iii4 #bb1 #bf1 c4 #bf #b ,cor4 v4 #ai2 ,rom4 iv4 #be4 #bg #a ,pet4 i4 #ba4 ,x is ( c\rse ! case t ! "n ,god 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t is g5]ally res]v$ = ! ,fa!r1 ?\gh ! prop] div9ity ( ,son & ,_s is con/antly impli$4 #bh ,see bel[1 p4 #abd4 #bi ,matt4 xviii4 #bc-ce4 #cj #b ,pet4 i4 #i4 #ca ,rom4 v4 #i-aa4 #cb #a ,cor4 vi4 #aa4 #cc ,cf4 ,hort1 ,fir/ ,ep4 ( ,pet] 7,macmillan1 #ahih71 p4 #gj4 #cd ,x is noticeable t ,/4 ,paul nev] uses ! v]b translat$ 'to be sanctifi$' ( p]sons 9 ! pres5t t5se4 ,x always describes an already exi/+ /ate r ?an a process4 #ce ,rom4 v4 #ah1 b cf4 lat]1 p4 #bjb4 #cf ,hort1 l4c41 p4 #bd4 #cg ,eph4 v4 #be2 ,tit4 ii4 #ad2 cf4 ,acts xx4 #bh4 #ch ,rits*l1 ,re*tf]tigung und ,v]shnung1 ii4 p4 #bag ff4 ,cf4 ,s4 ,h41 p4 #abb2 & ,orr1 ,rits*lian ,!ology 7,hodd] & ,/\ghton1 #ahih7 p4 #afi ff4 #ci ,! subject comes =w>d especially 9 connexion ) *apt]s ix-xi4 #dj ,i "k t any brief /atem5t ab\t ,lu!r's doctr9e may be disput$1 = 8 own /atem5ts v>y consid]ably4 ,b ,i ?9k ! t5d5cy ( 8 tea*+ is fairly repres5t$ above4 #da ',acceptance' is already acquittal2 b only 9 view ( ! new life ( ! body ( ,*ri/ :i* is to emancipate man f ! p[] ( s94 ,?us x is only z incorporat$ into ,*ri/ t he f9ds 8 =m] s9 'put away4' ',i believe 9 "o baptism = ! remission ( s9s4' #db ,he %\ld say1 if he w\ld repres5t ,/4 ,paul1 'works1' n 'good works4' #dc ,essay on ',righte\sness by ,fai?1' 9 ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul 7,murray1 #ahid71 vol4 ii4 p4 #bfd4 ,! :ole essay is v *>act]i/ic & v int]e/+1 b n v ,paul9e4 #dd ,rom4 v4 #a4 #df ,,! ,,epi/le ,,to ,,! ,,romans ,,*apt] ,i4 #a-g4 ,salutation4 ,x 0 ! cu/om 9 ! days ( ! ,romans to beg9 a lett] ) a brief indication f :om x came & to :om x 0 address$1 9 ! =m ( a complim5t>y salutation1 ?us--to take an example f ! ,new ,te/am5t--',claudius ,lysias unto ! mo/ excell5t gov]nor ,felix1 greet+#a4' ,we are famili> 9 our day ) ! l =ms = beg9n+ & end+ lett]s1 s]v+ ! same purpose & g5]ally no o!r4 ,/4 ,paul !n accepts ! epi/ol>y =m ( 8 day1 b p\rs into x an increas+ weal? ( p]sonal mean+#b4 ,?us 9 ?is place ! necess>y address--',paul ! apo/le #dg to ! believ]s 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ :i* are 9 ,rome1 greet+'--is exp&$ into a salutation extraord9>ily full ( mean+1 expla9+ 7#a7 :o x is :o writes ! lett]2 7#b7 ) :at ju/ification2 7#c7 to :om2 & 7#d7 ) :at greet+4 7#a7 ,x is ,paul :o is writ+1 & he describes himself bo? p]sonally & (ficially4 ,p]sonally1 s9ce ! day :5 he surr5d]$ himself on ! road to ,damascus1 he has be5 '! slave ( ,jesus ,*ri/1' b\nd 9 all ?+s to d ,8 w1 & exult+ all ! "t 9 ! moral lib]ty :i* t bondage gave him4 ,(ficially1 he has receiv$ a commission & an (fice equal to t ( ! old] apo/les 9 ! k+dom ( ,*ri/3 he has be5 'call$ to be an apo/le1 sep>at$ to proclaim ! good tid+s ( ,god4' 7#b7 ,x is !n ?is glori\s commission t ju/ifies 8 writ+4 ,^! good tid+s ( ,god are ! fulfilm5t ( an age-long promise = :i* ! _w _h be5 wait+4 ,( anci5t days !re 7 'prophets1' m5 commission$ to speak = ,god1 ^: writ+s rema9$ aft] !m & are held 9 highe/ rev]5ce z 'holy scriptures4' ,^! m5 =etold good days f ,god t 7 to come to ,8 p 9 ! #dh com+ ( ! div9ely ano9t$ k+1 ! ,*ri/4 ,& n[ !y are come4 ,god has s5t to r$eem m5 n a s]vant1 b ,8 own ,son4 ,true1 ,he came z man among m53 z "o ( ! royal h\se ( ,david1 ! h\se f :i* ! ,*ri/ 0 promis$2 yet simply man 9 outw>d nature & appe>ance1 or 'accord+ to ! fle%4' ,b besides t ord9>y seem+ manhood1 !re 0 9 ,him some?+ high]--a sacr$ spiritual nature4 ,& ?is high] nature x 0 t f9ally det]m9$ ! e/imate 9 :i* ,he 0 to be held4 ,if 'accord+ to ! fle%' ,he 0 a man ( ,david's h\se1 accord+ to ?is '_s ( hol9ess' ,he 0 decisively designat$ by ,god's own act z ,son ( ,god 9 miracul\s p[]1 & t especially :5 ,he 0 made ! example ( a resurrection f ! dead4 ,!nce=? ',jesus' ( ,naz>e? is ',*ri/' & '! ,"l' ( ,*ri/ians4 ,x is ,he ?r\gh :om ,/4 ,paul & 8 fell[s receiv$ ! outp\r+ ( ! div9e b\nty = _! own lives1 & _! apo/olic commission on behalf ( ! "n ( ,*ri/ to br+ all ! nations ( ! e>? to ! ob$i5ce ( fai?4 ,& ?is commission ext5ds z f> z ! ,roman ,*ri/ians & ju/ifies ,/4 ,paul 9 writ+ to !m4 #di 7#c7 ,to all ! ,*ri/ians at ,rome1 !n1 'call$ to be sa9ts1' i4e4 call$ into ! consecrat$ body & to ! consecrat$ life1 ,/4 ,paul is writ+4 ,he does n say 'to ! *ur* :i* is at ,rome1' z 9 ! o!r epi/les ( ?is date he writes 'to ! *ur* at ,cor9?' & to '! *ur*es ( ,galatia4' ,& ?\gh ?is might be accid5tal1 yet probably x is due to ! fact t ,/4 ,paul ?\ght ( ! ,roman ,*ri/ians z individuals :o1 _m ( !m1 _h be5 conv]t$ else:]e & = v>i\s reasons _h come to be liv+ at ,rome2 s t 9 fact !y _h h>dly yet atta9$ ! consi/5cy ( a s+le ord]$ *ur*4 7#d7 ,& to ^! ,*ri/ians he gives 8 greet+ by wi%+ = !m ^? gifts :i* may be tak5 z summ+ up ! bless+s ( ,*ri/ ab\t :i* ?is epi/le is to say s mu*--'grace1' :i* is ,god's love to u 9 actual op]ation1 & 'peace1' :i* is ! /ate ( m9d ( "o :o realizes ,god's love--f ! ,fa!r & ! ,son4 ,?is b5$iction is1 h[ev]1 b a ,*ri/ian =m ( t ( ,a>on1 ',! ,"l make 8 face to %9e ^u !e1 & be graci\s unto !e3 ! ,"l lift up 8 c\nt5ance ^u !e1 & give !e peace#c4' #ej ,paul1 a s]vant ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 call$ to be an apo/le1 sep>at$ unto ! gospel ( ,god1 :i* he promis$ a=e by 8 prophets 9 ! holy scriptures1 conc]n+ 8 ,son1 :o 0 born ( ! se$ ( ,david accord+ to ! fle%1 :o 0 decl>$ to be ! ,son ( ,god ) p[]1 accord+ to ! _s ( hol9ess1 by ! resurrection ( ! dead2 ev5 ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l1 ?r\gh :om we receiv$ grace & apo/le%ip1 unto ob$i5ce ( fai? among all ! nations1 = 8 "n's sake3 among :om are ye also1 call$ to be ,jesus ,*ri/'s3 to all t are 9 ,rome1 belov$ ( ,god1 call$ to be sa9ts3 ,grace to y & peace f ,god our ,fa!r & ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,!re is1 ,i believe1 no?+ 9 ! above analysis :i* is n impli$ at lea/ 9 ! orig9al language ( ?is salutation4 ,& x is a rem>kable summ>y ( ! gr\nds ( ,/4 ,paul's ,*ri/ian belief1 m exact & explicit ?an ! ',rememb] ,jesus ,*ri/1 ris5 f ! dead1 ( ! se$ ( ,david1 accord+ to my gospel#d4' ,!re are "s po9ts 9 x :i* require fur!r notice3-- #a4 ,! use ( '_s ( hol9ess' 9 connexion ) ,*ri/ 79 v]4 #d74 ,"h x is put 9 anti!sis to '! fle%1' i4e4 ,*ri/ z ,he appe>$ to ! outw>d eye 9 ,8 natural manhood2 & describes1 vaguely & )\t fur!r def9ition1 ! high] nature ( :i*1 beh9d #ea ,8 visible manhood1 m5 became consci\s#e4 ,else:]e '_s' is m exactly us$ to describe 7#a7 ! human _s 9 u or 9 ,*ri/#f2 7#b7 disembodi$ p]sons or angels or devils#g2 7#c7 ! ,holy ,gho/#h2 7#d7 ! be+ ( ,god#i2 7#e7 g5]ally :at has w & consci\sness1 z oppos$ to ! m]ely ext]nal1 ! 'fle%' or ! 'lett]#aj4' ,sometimes1 z 9 #b ,cor4 iii4 #ag1 x is h>d to feel sure ab\t ! exact %ade ( mean+4 #b4 ,we h "h1 9 a v brief compass1 ,/4 ,paul's conception ( ',*ri/ian evid5ces4' ,he beg9s f ,*ri/1 'accord+ to ! fle%4' ',& :y1' asks ,*ryso/om1 'did he n beg9 f ! high] side8 ,because ,mat!w also1 ,luke & ,m>k1 beg9 f ! l[]4 ,"o :o w\ld lead o!rs upw>ds mu/ beg9 f bel[4 ,& ?is 0 9 fact ! div9e me?od4 ,fir/ !y saw ,him 7,*ri/7 z man on ! e>?1 & !n p]ceiv$ ,him to be ,god4' ,x 01 9 o!r words1 ?r\gh ! #eb exp]i5ce ( ,8 manhood t !y arriv$ at ,8 ,godhead4 ,& ! evid5ce ( ,8 div9e son%ip 0 9 "p miracul\s2 b x 0 n m]e miracle4 ,x 0 miracle 'accord+ to a _s ( hol9ess4' ,x 0 miracle fill$ ) spiritual & moral mean+4 ,x 0 a resurrection v9dicat+ p]fect righte\sness4 #c4 ,! phrase '! resurrection ( ! dead' is translat$ m exactly by ,wiclif 'ag5risynge ( dead m56 ,*ri/'s resurrection is ! great example ( :at is to be g5]al4 #d4 ,! ob$i5ce ( fai? exactly describes ! human faculty z x %[$ itself 9 ,/4 ,paul himself at 8 conv]sion4 ,) him to believe 01 )\t any possibility ( "q1 to obey ,him :om he believ$1 & ,/4 ,paul kn[s no fai? :i* does n involve a l ob$i5ce2 cf4 xv4 #ah2 xvi4 #bf2 #a ,pet4 i4 #b4 #a ,acts xxiii4 #bf4 #b ,! salutation ( ! ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,!ssalonians1 ! e>lie/ epi/le1 is ! mo/ ne>ly =mal4 ,^? to ! ,romans & to ,titus are ! fulle/ & ri*e/4 #c ,num4 vi4 #be1 #bf2 see ,hort1 ,fir/ ,ep4 ( ,pet]1 p4 #be4 #d #b ,tim4 ii4 #h4 #e ,cf4 #a ,tim4 iii4 #af1 'ju/ifi$ 9 ! _s1' :]e ! use is approximately ! same4 #f ,see #a ,!ss4 v4 #bc2 #a ,cor4 v4 #e2 ,james ii4 #bf2 ,matt4 v4 #c2 xxvi4 #da2 #a ,pet4 iii4 #ah2 ,m>k viii4 #ab4 #g ,luke xxiv4 #ci2 ,heb4 xii4 #bc2 i4 #ad2 ,matt4 viii4 #af1 c4 #h ,matt4 iii4 #af2 ,luke x4 #ba1 ,r4,v4 c4 #i ,john iv4 #bd4 #aj ,john vi4 #fc2 ,rom4 ii4 #bi2 #b ,cor4 iii4 #f4 #ec ,,*apt] ,i4 #h-ag4 ,/4 ,paul's introduction4 ,! salutation is imm$iately foll[$ by a passage 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul introduces himself specially to ! ,*ri/ians at ,rome4 ,he _h a delicate task to p]=m4 ,! ,roman ,*ri/ians _h be5 ga!r$ probably f _m p>ts ( ! empire1 because ,rome 0 ! c5tre ( all ! _w's movem5ts1 & adh]5ts ( :atev] 0 go+ on 9 ! empire 7 sure by =ce ( circum/ances to f9d _! way to ,rome4 ,?us1 ?\gh no apo/le _h yet prea*$ at ,rome1 ,*ri/ians _h ga!r$ !re4 ,_m ( !m _h n se5 ,/4 ,paul's face4 ,b !y _h he>d ( him1 no d\bt1 9 ,jewi% circles z a v dang]\s man :o 0 upheav+ & subv]t+ e/abli%$ traditions & pr9ciples4 ,he 0 a man to be look$ at askance4 ,he mu/ introduce himself !re=e c>efully4 ,x 0 ( ! greate/ importance #ed to him1 ! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles1 t he %\ld ga9 full recognition among ^! ,*ri/ians at ,rome1 ! c5tre ( ! ,g5tile _w4 ,we obs]ve !n 9 ?is introduction :at a g5tleman1 if ,i may say s1 9 ! v deepe/ s5se ( ! t]m1 ,/4 ,paul %[s himself to be4 ,he speaks inde$ ) an admirable mixture ( tact & c&\r4 ,we c h>dly conceive any bett] address 9 a delicate situation ?an ?is address ( ,/4 ,paul ) :i* he makes 8 approa* to ! ,roman ,*ri/ians4 ,he beg9s ) :at is pleasant = !m to he>1 namely1 t ! report ( _! fai? ?r\gh\t all ! _w is a good "o4 ',i ?ank my ,god ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/ = y all t y\r fai? is proclaim$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w4' ,!n he goes on to add1 z is usual 9 8 introductions1 t he cont9ually prays = !m4 ,x 0 a rem>k ( ,g5]al ,gordon's t x makes a great diff]5ce 9 our feel+ t[>ds a /rang] if be=e we meet him we h pray$ = him4 ,& we may ) equal tru? say t x makes a great diff]5ce 9 ! feel+s ( o!rs t[>ds u if !y h reason to believe t we h pray$ = !m4 ,/4 ,paul !re=e gives himself ?is advantage4 ,he says1 ',god is my witness1 :om ,i wor%ip 9 my #ee _s 9 ! gospel ( 8 ,son1 h[ unceas+ly ,i make m5tion ( y always 9 my pray]s4' ,!n he goes on to tell !m t he n only prays = _! welf>e1 b prays t he may h ! advantage ( see+ !m face to face & kn[+ !m4 ,& "h he puts 8 desire to see !m on ! true gr\nd4 ,he wants to visit !m because he has some?+ ( ! utmo/ value to give !m--t he may 'imp>t unto !m "s spiritual gift4' ,:atev] may be ! exact nature ( ! 'spiritual gift' ,/4 ,paul is ?9k+ (1 x is cle>ly some?+ = :i* 8 bodily pres5ce is necess>y4 ,!re is "s div9e p[] :i* he z an apo/le c communicate to !m only :5 he comes among !m4 ,9 ?is s5se he means t ':5 he comes to !m he w come 9 ! fulness ( ! bless+ ( ,*ri/#a4' ,he implies t ! ,roman ,*ri/ians ne$$ him & mu/ wait = him to supply _! defici5cies4 ,b we obs]ve t ) beautiful tact he at once balances ?is ass]tion ( a div9e p[] entru/$ to him = _! good1 by repres5t+ 8 own ne$ ( !m4 ,he does n speak de haut en bas z if he _h ev]y?+ to give & no?+ to receive4 #ef ,no3 z ! p dep5d on ! apo/le = spiritual gifts1 s he dep5ds on ! p = spiritual enc\ragem5t4 ,he mu/ live by ! exp]i5ce ( _! spiritual gr[?4 ',i desire1' he says1 'to come to y t ,i may imp>t unto y "s spiritual gift1 to ! end t ye may be e/abli%$' 7built up & made /rong 9 ! fai?74 ,& !n he int]prets3--t is '9 ord] t ,i ) y may be enc\rag$#b among y1 ea* ( u by ! o!r's fai?1 bo? y\rs & m9e4' ,!n he goes on to tell !m :y he 9 p>ticul> is b\nd to come to !m1 ?\gh hi!rto he _h be5 h9d]$ by circum/ances4 ,x is because he is 'a debtor4' ,/4 ,paul 0 ! ,apo/le1 n ( ! ,jews1 b ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,!re=e he is 9 debt to all ! ,g5tiles till he has giv5 !m ! gospel1 & m p>ticul>ly to ! c5tre ( ! ,g5tile _w1 to ,rome4 ,& he w\ld owe no man any?+4 ,he w\ld h no unsatisfi$ cr$itors4 ,he w pay 8 debt !re=e to ! ,roman ,*ri/ians4 ',i am a debtor1' he says1 'bo? to ,greeks & to b>b>ians'--t is to all ! ,g5tiles1 :e!r !y 7 ( ,greek race or n4 ,& #eg ! ,greeks 7 s id5tifi$ ) civilization or education t ?is leads him on to say1 ',i am a debtor bo? to ! educat$ & to ! un$ucat$4' ,?is g5]al debt includes ,rome4 ,x 0 natural to include ! dwell]s at ,rome "u ! head ( ,greeks1 = x 0 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ,greek t ,/4 ,paul made 8 appeal to !m4 ,&1 9 fact1 ! ,*ri/ians at ,rome 71 = ! fir/ two hundr$ & fifty ye>s or m ( ! ,*ur*'s life1 a ,greek-speak+ p--a ,greek colony 9 ! ,lat9 city4 ,only t[>ds ! end ( ! ?ird c5tury did ! ,roman ,*ur* become lat9iz$ 9 language & _s4 ,/4 ,paul !n is a debtor to ^! ,greek-speak+ dwell]s at ,rome4 ',s z mu* z 9 me is ,i am ready to prea* ! gospel to y also t are 9 ,rome4' ,b ! "n ( ,rome 01 z he ?\ght ( x1 a "n ( awe4 ,x br\ght 9 ^u 8 m9d ! trem5d\s und]tak+ t lay be=e him & be=e ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* z !y f\nd !mselves confront$ ) ?is va/ imp]ial organization1 :i* might at any "t lay its iron h& ^u !m to /op _! progress4 ,!re=e he adds t1 ev5 9 view ( ,rome1 he has c\rage 9 8 he>t3 '= ,i am n a%am$ ( ! gospel1' ev5 "u ! %ad[ #eh ( ! mighty "n1 & ?\gh x 0 'to ! ,jews a /umbl+-block & to ! ,greeks fooli%ness4' ,& :y8 ,because he kn[s :at ! gospel means4 ,x is n m]e words2 x is a p[]4 ,x is a 'p[] ( ,god1' a div9e =ce1 :i*1 l ! w9d1 bl[e? :]e x li/e?1 & :i* no?+ c /op4 ,x is a p[] ( ,god4 ,x is a p[] ( ,god 'unto salvation1' a p[] t is to "w m5's deliv]ance1 & t 9 ! deepe/ s5se4 ,roman emp]ors n v long aft] ,/4 ,paul's "t are commemorat$ 9 public inscriptions z 'savi\rs ( ! _w#c4' ,t is 9 ! s5se ( ma9ta9+ peace & civil ord]4 ,b ,*ri/'s salvation 0 ( a deep] sort4 ,x 0 salvation f ! bondage ( s91 a salvation :i* enabl$ p to be truly & et]nally free4 ,x is a p[] ( ,god unto salvation1 & t 'to e "o t believe?1' on ! m]e basis ( ! simple will+ness to take ,god at ,8 ^w2 'to ! ,jew fir/ & also to ! ,greek4' ',='--& "h ,/4 ,paul rea*es ! great text ( 8 :ole epi/le--'!re9' 7t is1 9 ! gospel7 'is disclos$1' or reveal$ "h & n[ 9 ! _w1 #ei 'a righte\sness ( ,god4' ,by ?is phrase x w appe> t he means bo? a righte\sness :i* is ,god's own1 & also a righte\sness :i* ,god gives to m52 = ! gift ( ,god is real moral & spiritual fell[%ip ) ,8 own life4 ,?is is :at is n[ (f]$ to m54 ,a righte\sness ( ,god is reveal$1 />t+ f fai? & at e /age mov+ on ^u ! support ( fai?1 'a righte\sness ( ,god by fai? unto fai?'2 & t n 9 repudiation ( ! old cov5ant1 b 9 fulfilm5t ( its vital pr9ciple3 'z x is writt54' ,= ! words ( ,habakkuk may be int]pret$ to express ! c5tral _s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t--'! righte\s %all live by fai?#d4' ,fir/1 ,i ?ank my ,god ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/ = y all t y\r fai? is proclaim$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w4 ,= ,god is my witness1 :om ,i s]ve 9 my _s 9 ! gospel ( 8 ,son1 h[ unceas+ly ,i make m5tion ( y1 always 9 my pray]s mak+ reque/1 if by any means n[ at l5g? ,i may be prosp]$ by ! w ( ,god to come unto y4 ,= ,i long to see y1 t ,i may imp>t unto y "s spiritual gift1 to ! end ye may be e/abli%$2 t is1 t ,i ) y may be com=t$ 9 y1 ea* ( u by ! o!r's fai?1 bo? y\rs & m9e4 ,& ,i w\ld n h y ignorant1 bre?r51 t (t5times ,i purpos$ to come unto y 7& 0 h9d]$ hi!rto71 t ,i might h "s fruit 9 y also1 ev5 #fj z 9 ! re/ ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,i am debtor bo? to ,greeks & to ,b>b>ians1 bo? to ! wise & to ! fooli%4 ,s1 z mu* z 9 me is1 ,i am ready to prea* ! gospel to y also t are 9 ,rome4 ,= ,i am n a%am$ ( ! gospel3 = x is ! p[] ( ,god unto salvation to e "o t believe?2 to ! ,jew fir/1 & also to ! ,greek4 ,= !re9 is reveal$ a righte\sness ( ,god by fai? unto fai?3 z x is writt51 ,b ! righte\s %all live by fai?4 #a4 ,orig5's comm5t on ! words '?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/' 7at ! beg9n+ ( ?is section7 is v int]e/+4 ',to give ,god ?anks is to (f] a sacrifice ( praise1 & !re=e he adds ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/1 z ?r\gh ! great high prie/4' ,inde$1 ! doctr9e ( ! high prie/hood ( ,*ri/1 if x is n m5tion$ 9 ,/4 ,paul's own epi/les1 is impli$ !re f ! fir/4 #b4 ,/4 ,paul1 we notice1 expresses 8 int5tion to come to ,rome ) res]ve1 'if by any means by ! w ( ,god' 444 's mu* z lies 9 me4' ,& ?is res]ve 0 no matt] ( m]e words4 ,he 0 go+ up to ,j]usalem ) an (f]+ ( money1 ab\t :i* he felt ! greate/ anxiety1 & he knew n h[ he w\ld be receiv$1 or :at w\ld befall him#e4 #c4 ,x is n possible to decide :at sort ( #fa 'spiritual gift' ,/4 ,paul is ?9k+ (4 ,we "k t z an apo/le he 0 qualifi$ to imp>t ! ,holy ,gho/ by ! lay+ on ( h&s1 & t c]ta9 'gifts' frequ5tly accompani$ ,8 inw>d pres5ce4 ,?us1 ':5 ,paul _h laid 8 h&s ^u "s m5 at ,ephesus1 ! ,holy ,gho/ came on !m2 & !y spake ) tongues & prophesi$4' ,we "k1 fur!r1 t ! ,cor9?ian ,*ur*1 :5ce ,/4 ,paul 0 writ+ ?is lett]1 0 specially ri* 9 'spiritual gifts1' su* z 'tongues & prophecy4' ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,roman ,*ri/ians _h n yet receiv$ an apo/olic visit & !y may h be5 lack+ 9 su* end[m5ts1 :ile ! reception ( !m w\ld be calculat$ to enc\rage !m & /r5g!n _! fai?4 ,x is possible1 !re=e1 t he ref]s to a gift ( ?is k9d1 & ! exact language he uses c]ta9ly sugge/s "s def9ite end[m5t1 = ! be/[al ( :i* 8 bodily pres5ce 0 necess>y4 ,! ?\ght ( ! miracul\s p[] work+ ?r\gh him1 '! p[] ( signs & wond]s1 ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,gho/#f1' 0 n f> f 8 m9d :5 he wrote ?is epi/le4 ,orig5's comm5t on ?is passage also is #fb int]e/+4 ',fir/ ( all we ought to le>n t x is an apo/olic "w to long to see our bre?r51 b = no o!r reason ?an t we may conf] on !m some?+ 9 ! way ( a spiritual gift if we c1 & if we _c1 t we may receive 9 ! same k9d f !m4 ,o!rwise1 ! long+ to g ab\t among ! bre?r5 is n to be approv$4' ,we _c d\bt1 ,i ?9k1 t :5 ,/4 ,paul's lett] 0 read at ,rome ?is introduction1 s full ( tact1 w\ld h giv5 him access to _m he>ts incl9$ at />t+ to be prejudic$ aga9/ him4 #a ,rom4 xv4 #bi4 #b ',to enc\rage' & 'enc\ragem5t' are probably ! be/ words to translate :at 9 our ,bible is r5d]$ by 'com=t4' #c ,hadrian & ,trajan3 see ,c4,i4,g4 vol4 ii4 p4 #ajfh1 ,no4 #bcdi m42 vol4 iii4 p4 #agj1 ,no4 #dcci1 p4 #aia1 ,no4 #dchj4 ,^! ref]5ces ,i owe to ,mr4 ,h4 ,w4 ,b4 ,joseph1 ( ,new ,college4 #d ,hab4 ii4 #d2 cf4 app4 note ,a on mean+s ( ! ^w 'fai?4' #e ,rom4 xv4 #be ff42 ,acts xx4 #bb4 #f ,rom4 xv4 #ai4 #fc ,,division ,i4 7,,*apt]s ,i4 #ah-;,,iii4 #bj47 ,! univ]sality ( s9 & condemnation4 ,/4 ,paul has enunciat$ 8 great !sis4 ,!re has arriv$ into ! _w a new & div9e =ce mak+ = man's fulle/ salvation3 ! disclosure ( a real fell[%ip 9 ! moral be+ ( ,god1 :i* is op5 to all m51 ,jew & ,g5tile equally1 on ! simple t]ms ( tak+ ,god at ,8 ^w4 ,?is ^w ( good tid+s ,/4 ,paul is to exp& & ju/ify 9 8 epi/le2 b fir/ he mu/ pause & expla9 its antec$5ts4 ,:y 0 su* a disclosure ne$$ at ?is mom5t ( ! _w's hi/ory8 ,:y has ,/4 ,paul spok5 ( 'salvation1' or :y does he else:]e speak ( 'r$emption1' in/ead ( express+ su* ideas z are mo/ popul> among ourselves to-day--developm5t or progress8 ,x is because1 to ,/4 ,paul's m9d1 man z he is is held 9 a bondage :i* he ought to f9d intol]able1 & ! fir/ /ep to fre$om lies 9 ! recognition ( ?is4 ,aga91 :y does ,/4 ,paul #fd lay su* emphasis on fai?1 m]e fai?1 only fai?--:y is he to insi/ s zeal\sly on ! exclusion ( any m]it or indep5d5t p[] on man's "p8 ,x is n only because fai?1 ! faculty ( m]e reception & correspond5ce1 repres5ts ! normal & rational relation ( man to ,god1 8 ,creator1 ,su/a9]1 ,fa!r4 ,x is also1 & ) special emphasis1 because !re has be5 a great revolt1 a great ass]tion ( false indep5d5ce on man's "p2 & :at is ne$$ fir/ ( all is ! submission ( ! rebel1 or mu* r ! return ( ! prodigal son1 simply to ?r[ himself on ! m]cy ( 8 ,fa!r & ackn[l$ge 8 utt] dep5d5ce ^u ,him = ! =giv5ess ( 8 disloyalty & 8 outrages1 z well z = ! fell[%ip :i* he seeks 9 ! div9e life4 ,! full] /atem5t !re=e ( ,/4 ,paul's gospel mu/ be po/pon$ to ! uncloak+ ( :at man is )\t x4 ,! note ( sev]ity mu/ be /ruck be=e ! message ( joy4 ,we mu/ be br\ght to ackn[l$ge ourselves to be n m5 only1 b corrupt m5--m5 "u ! div9e wra?--doom$ m5 p[]less to deliv] ourselves1 & ready !re=e to welcome 9 simple gratitude ! l>ge (f] ( ,god's lib]al & almo/ unconditional love4 #fe ,x is to produce ?is ackn[l$gem5t t ,/4 ,paul n[ addresses himself4 ,?is argum5t ( ! fir/ "p ( ! epi/le is a v simple "o4 ,x elucidates two pla9 propositions3-- #a4 t ! wra? ( ,god is1 & is necess>ily accord+ to et]nal & unalt]able pr9ciples ( moral gov]nm5t1 & 9 ! case ( e man )\t any possibility ( exception1 ^u s94 #b4 t all m51 ,jews & ,g5tiles1 are held 9 s91 & !re=e lie "u ! div9e wra?4 ,?us ,/4 ,paul imm$iately foll[s up 8 initial /atem5t ( ! revelation ( a div9e righte\sness ) ! ass]tion ( ano!r 'revelation' made pla9 to ! consci5ces ( m54 ',! wra? ( ,god is be+ reveal$ f heav5 aga9/ all ungodl9ess & unrighte\sness ( m51' & he proce$s to demon/rate ! preval5ce ( s9 fir/ ( all 9 ! hea!n _w & to lay b>e its mean+4 #ff ,,division ,i4 ,i4 7,,*apt] ,i4 #ah-cb74 ,judgem5t on ! ,g5tile _w4 ,be=e we read ?is passage c]ta9 po9ts %\ld be pla9 to our m9ds4 #a4 ,by s9 ,/4 ,paul means ess5tially wilfulness--wilful disob$i5ce4 ,!re is su* a ?+ z an inh]itance ( moral weakness or p]v]sity :i* passes to m5 )\t _! fault & )\t _! k4 ,?is1 ! real exi/5ce ( :i* h>dly any "o c d5y1 is :at is call$ orig9al s92 & lat] on we %all f9d ,/4 ,paul speak+ ( x4 ,b x is n :at is mo/ prop]ly call$ s94 ,god is absolutely equitable4 ',s9 is n reckon$' z s9 9 ,8 sight1 ap>t f k & w4 ,s91 mo/ prop]ly speak+1 beg9s & ends :]e wilful disob$i5ce beg9s & ends4 ,/4 ,paul on ?is matt] is completely at "o ) ,/4 ,john #fg :5 he makes s9 & lawlessness id5tical z realities 9 ! _w4 ',s9 is lawlessness#a4' ,& we _c ev5 make a beg9n+ ( advance along ,/4 ,paul's l9e ( ?\ght till we recognize ! real exi/5ce ( s9 z some?+ diff]5t 9 k9d f ignorance or weakness or lack ( developm5t1 & z an incomp>ably great] evil ?an ^?4 ,s9 is ! creat$ w sett+ itself aga9/ ! div9e w4 ,x is1 z a /ate or an act1 ! refusal ( ,god4 ,& ! recognition ( ! awful exi/5ce ( ?is refusal ( ,god is ! ma9 clue to und]/&+ ! mis]ies ( ! pres5t _w4 #b4 ,s9 !re=e1 involv+ z x does wilful disob$i5ce1 c only be spok5 ( z preval5t ov] ! hea!n _w because1 n m]ely "o *os5 race1 b all m5 9 g5]al h _h ! opportunity ( ! k ( ,god4 ,/4 ,paul inde$ else:]e modifies ! g5]al ass]tion ( ! fact :i* he makes 9 ?is place1 by broadly recogniz+ t !re are /ates ( human exi/5ce :i* are l[ 9 _! moral /&>d1 b are r5d]$ comp>atively guiltless by ! abs5ce ( moral k--/ates ( life :]e s9 exi/s b is n reckon$ #fh z s9#b4 ,= 's91' he says1 'is n reckon$' z s9 :]e !re is no enlight5+ law & no consequ5t condemnation ( consci5ce4 ,b 9 ?is passage1 look+ at humanity 9 g5]al1 he ass]ts1 l ! au?or ( ! ,book ( ,wisdom or ! p]haps contempor>y ,jewi% au?or ( ! ,apocalypse ( ,b>u*#c1 t all m5 h _h ! opportunity ( kn[+ ,god f ,8 works 9 nature1 & t _! pres5t /ate is ! result ( a wilful refusal ( ,him4 ,!y are ')\t excuse4' ,! s\rces ( ! natural k ( ,god are inde$ tw(old1 = !re is ! moral consci5ce1 individual & social1 ( :i* ,/4 ,paul speaks lat]2 b "h x is ! evid5ce ( nature alone ( :i* ,/4 ,paul speaks3 ! witness ( ! creatures to '! #fi invisible ?+s' or attributes ( _! creator1 t is to say1 to ,8 p[] & 7g5]ally7 ,8 div9ity4 #c4 ,assum+ !n ! opportunity ( ! k ( ,god z ly+ beh9d human records1 ,/4 ,paul traces ! hi/ory ( s94 ,x _h its roots 9 ! refusal ( ! human w to recognize ,god & give ,him ! homage ( gratitude & s]vice due to ,him4 ,m5 'held d[n ! tru? 9 unrighte\sness1' t is1 re/ra9$ x f hav+ free c\rse 9 _! he>ts & 9 ! _w because ( ! pa9ful moral obligations :i* x involves4 ,kn[+ ,god1 !y refus$ to ackn[l$ge ,him ) ?ankfulness or 'give ,him ! glory4' ,r !y w\ld !mselves 'be z gods4' ,!y 'refus$ to h ,god 9 _! k4' ,!n f ?is root 9 ! rebel w s9 pass$ to ! obscur+ ( ! und]/&+1 z is %[n 9 ! ridicul\s ab]rations ( idolatry4 ',!y became va9 9 _! reason+s1 & _! s5seless he>t 0 d>k5$2 pr(ess+ !mselves to be wise1' ! nations 9 _! wor%ip %[$ !mselves fools4 ,idolatry _h long ago appe>$ simply ridicul\s to ,isaiah3 he po9t$ ! f+] ( scorn at ! idolat]s4 ',!y "k n1' he cri$1 'nei!r d !y #gj consid]3 ! ,"l ha? %ut _! eyes t !y _c see1 & _! he>ts t !y _c und]/&4 ,& none calle? to m9d1 nei!r is !re k nor und]/&+ to say1 ,i h burn$ "p ( ! wood 9 ! fire2 yea1 also ,i h bak$ bread ^u ! coals !re(2 ,i h roa/$ fle% & eat5 x3 & %all ,i make ! residue !re( an abom9ation8 %all ,i fall d[n to ! /ock ( a tree8 ,he fe$e? on a%es3 a deceiv$ he>t ha? turn$ him aside1 t he _c deliv] 8 s\l1 nor say1 ,is !re n a lie 9 my "r h&#d8' ,isaiah's language & ?\ght _h be5 elaborat$ & develop$ 9 ! ,book ( ,wisdom#e1 & ,/4 ,paul appropriates x4 ,to mi/ake creatures = ! ,creator1 or to ?9k ( ! glori\s & spiritual ,god z if ,he 7 9 ! =m ( ! corruptible body ( man or bea/ or bird or reptile--s ,/4 ,paul alludes to ! man wor%ip ( ,greece & ! animal wor%ip ( ,egypt--is simple bl9dness & folly2 bl9dness & folly 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul sees ! j puni%m5t ( #ga ! rebelli\s w 9 ! region ( ! intellect4 ,b x has ano!r puni%m5t 9 ! region ( ! appetites or passions4 ,z m5 delib]ately 'repudiat$' ! k & ob$i5ce ( ,god1 ,god 'repudiat$' m5 9 p5al retribution4 ,he gave !m up to become vile 9 _! own eyes & to f9d out _! impot5ce to control _! own lu/s4 ,!y ran riot ev5 9 all sorts ( unnatural & lawless ways1 s t ! _w became full ( s9s ( all k9ds2 s9s aga9/ ,god & s9s aga9/ man2 antisocial s9s ( all sorts1 ! s9s :i* de/roy ! /ate & fri5d%ip & comm]ce & ! home3 & at ! la/ ! v ideal ( righte\sness _h come to be lo/4 ,/4 ,paul1 we notice1 makes ! l[e/ moral /age ( all to consi/1 n 9 m]ely do+ ^! wick$ ?+s1 b 9 ab&on+ all di/a/e = !m--cons5t+ unre/ra9$ly to ^? :o d !m2 & ?is pr(\ndly true rem>k expla9s ! moral impot5ce ( mu* t is f o!r po9ts ( view excell5t 9 ,greek lit]ature4 #d4 ,= ! puni%m5t ( all ?is s9 ,/4 ,paul is n cont5t to look to ! 'day ( judgem5t1' ?\gh t is to be ! f9al & *>act]i/ic expression ( div9e wra?1 & t 'day ( wra?' he /ill probably anticipat$ 9 ! m #gb imm$iate future2 b he sees already 9 ! actual _w ( human society z he kn[s x ! manifold evid5ce ( ! div9e wra? "h & n[4 ,m5 are receiv+ 9 !mselves ! fitt+ rew>d ( _! p]v]sity4 ,_! life has f\nd its own puni%m5t4 ,! div9e wra? is actually disclos$ 9 ! facts ( exp]i5ce4 ',look1' ,/4 ,paul seems to say1 'at ! way m5 are liv+1 & ask y\rselves if !re is any int]pretation b "o ( ! facts y see4 ,!re is b "o conclusion possible4 ,god has condemn$ & is %[+ ,8 wra? on ! human nature :i* ,he made4' ,j 9 ! same way 9 an e>li] epi/le ,/4 ,paul speaks ( ! ,jews1 ev5 be=e ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 z already judg$1 already ! subject ( ! div9e wra?#f4 ,& ,god's me?od ( judgem5t is ?is4 ,! puni%m5t lies 9 ! natural consequ5ces ( ! lawless actions4 ,! wages ( s9 is also its fruit#g4 ,& fur!r1 ?is puni%m5t ( s9 involves ! increas$ liability to s9 aga94 ,"o s9 'gives u ov]' to ano!r1 z "o good action facilitates ano!r4 ,?is idea 0 famili> to ,jewi% tea*]s4 ,among ! 'say+s ( ! ,fa!rs' we f9d1 ',e fulfilm5t ( duty is rew>d$ by ano!r1 #gc & e transgression is puni%$ by ano!r#h4' ,/4 ,paul1 9 fact1 9 ?is *apt]1 may be said to be conc5trat+ = ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* all t is be/ & deepe/ 9 ! moral philosophy ( ,judaism4 ,n[ we are 9 a position to read ! fir/ section ( ,/4 ,paul's argum5t )\t p]haps f9d+ any s+le idea to ! int]pretation ( :i* we h n a clue4 ,= ! wra? ( ,god is reveal$ f heav5 aga9/ all ungodl9ess & unrighte\sness ( m51 :o hold d[n ! tru? 9 unrighte\sness2 because t :i* may be kn[n ( ,god is manife/ 9 !m2 = ,god manife/$ x unto !m4 ,= ! invisible ?+s ( him s9ce ! creation ( ! _w are cle>ly se51 be+ p]ceiv$ ?r\gh ! ?+s t are made1 ev5 8 ev]la/+ p[] & div9ity2 t !y may be )\t excuse3 because t1 kn[+ ,god1 !y glorifi$ him n z ,god1 nei!r gave ?anks2 b became va9 9 _! reason+s1 & _! s5seless he>t 0 d>k5$4 ,pr(ess+ !mselves to be wise1 !y became fools1 & *ang$ ! glory ( ! incorruptible ,god = ! lik5ess ( an image ( corruptible man1 & ( birds1 & f\rfoot$ bea/s1 & creep+ ?+s4 ,:]e=e ,god gave !m up 9 ! lu/s ( _! he>ts unto uncleanness1 t _! bodies %\ld be di%on\r$ among !mselves3 = t !y ex*ang$ ! tru? ( ,god = a lie1 & wor%ipp$ & s]v$ ! creature r ?an ! ,creator1 :o is bless$ = ev]4 ,am54 #gd ,= ?is cause ,god gave !m up unto vile passions3 = _! wom5 *ang$ ! natural use into t :i* is aga9/ nature3 & likewise also ! m51 leav+ ! natural use ( ! woman1 burn$ 9 _! lu/ "o t[>d ano!r1 m5 ) m5 work+ unseeml9ess1 & receiv+ 9 !mselves t recomp5se ( _! error :i* 0 due4 ,& ev5 z !y refus$ to h ,god 9 _! k1 ,god gave !m up unto a reprobate m9d1 to d ^? ?+s :i* are n fitt+2 be+ fill$ ) all unrighte\sness1 wick$ness1 covet\sness1 malici\sness2 full ( envy1 murd]1 /rife1 deceit1 malignity2 :isp]]s1 backbit]s1 hateful to ,god1 insol5t1 haughty1 boa/ful1 inv5tors ( evil ?+s1 disob$i5t to p>5ts1 )\t und]/&+1 cov5ant-break]s1 )\t natural affection1 unm]ciful3 :o1 kn[+ ! ord9ance ( ,god1 t !y :i* practise su* ?+s are wor?y ( dea?1 n only d ! same1 b also cons5t ) !m t practise !m4 #a4 ,p]haps ! fir/ "q :i* arises 9 our m9ds :5 read+ ?is passage is1 :e!r ,/4 ,paul's g5]al acc\nt ( ! hea!n _w is n unju/ifiably sev]e4 ,does he n pa9t x too black8 ,9 fact1 ! acc\nt he gives co9cides ) ! acc\nt giv5 by o!r ,jews ( ! ,g5tile _w z 9 _! exp]i5ce !y f\nd x2 & ?is1 we mu/ rememb]1 means ! ,g5tile _w ( ! great cities ( ! empire4 ,!y ?\ght1 z !y mov$ ab\t ! _w & saw :at !y c\ld n b #ge see1 t ,god _h =sak5 ! ,g5tiles because !y refus$ to ackn[l$ge ,8 law4 ,!re 0 s9 en\gh 9 ,israel1 b x 0 rem$iable4 ,! s9 ( ! ,g5tiles 0 irrem$iable4 ,god _h =sak5 !m#i4 ,?is la/ idea is ( c\rse "o entirely ali5 to ,/4 ,paul's m9d4 ,to him all ,god's judgem5ts1 at lea/ 9 ?is _w1 h "o int5tion--to awak5 m5 to recognize ! tru? & to /ir !m to conv]sion1 't he may h m]cy ^u all4' ,b o!rwise ,/4 ,paul's view ( ! ,g5tile _w1 z he exp]i5c$ x 9 ! cities ( mix$ ,greek & ,asiatic population ( ! ,roman ,empire1 & especially 9 ! notori\sly wick$ ,cor9? :]e he 0 writ+#aj1 0 ! ord9>y ,jewi% view4 ,& a contempor>y ,/oic philosoph]1 :o wrote at ,ephesus "u ! "n ( ,h]acleitus1 gives a picture ( society 9 t city fully z black#aa4 ,at ! same "t1 if we are to be fair1 we mu/ recognize t ! acc\nt1 :ile true1 is n complete4 ,! ,g5tile life 0 n )\t its 'salt4' ,!re 0 a great deal ( virtue1 bo? dome/ic & philosophical1 9 ! #gf empire--m p]haps 9 ! c\ntry1 ( :i* ,/4 ,paul knew little1 ?an 9 ! t[ns4 ,& ! exi/5ce ( ?is salt he ackn[l$ges :51 9 ! second *apt] ( ?is epi/le1 he speaks ( ,g5tiles :i* h no reveal$ law b d by nature ! ?+s ( law1 be+ a law unto !mselves1 & hav+ ! effect ( ! law writt5 9 _! he>ts1 & a witness+ consci5ce1 individual & social1 to help !m#ab3 & aga91 :5 he intimates t !re is an uncircumcision :i* puts ! circumcision to %ame by keep+ ! law#ac4 ,b x is n ,/4 ,paul's way to exactly correlate ! diff]5t aspects ( 8 subject z a mod]n writ] w\ld d4 ,he is a prophet & prea*]1 n a =mally sy/ematic writ]4 ,x is en\gh = him t ! s9 :i* he is describ+ is a reality3 t its t5d5cies are :at he describes !m to be3 t1 :atev] o!r c\nt] t5d5cy !re may be1 s9 is s dom9ant 9 ! _w t its results are z he repres5ts !m1 & t ! consci5ce & exp]i5ce ( ^? to :om he writes w respond to 8 indictm5t4 ,nor1 if we give its metaphorical mean+ to 'idolatry1' is !re a ^w :i* ,/4 ,paul says 9 ?is *apt] :i* w\ld n be true ( our #gg mod]n civilization 9 ,london or ,p>is or ,new ,york4 ,) u inde$ ,*ri/ianity has be5 suffici5tly vigor\s to provide a c\nt]act+ =ce1 ( inf9itely /rong] p[] ?an exi/$ 9 ! ,roman _w1 to resi/ corruption4 ,! ag5cies ( div9e /r5g? & recov]y1 ! c5tres ( heal? & light1 are inf9itely m num]\s1 /rong]1 m con/ant1 m progressive4 ,b ! _w ( s9 is /ill :at x 03 & always !re lies ^u x ! same /amp ( ! div9e condemnation4 ,we look ar\nd on ! life ( our city1 ) its selfi% & disgu/+ lu/s1 ) its drunk5ness1 ) its en]vat+ luxury1 ) its selfi% weal?1 ) its reckless & immoral gambl+1 ) its di%one/ comm]ce1 ) its grasp+ av>ice s neglectful ( ! lives ( ^? :om x makes its in/rum5ts3 we look r\nd1 ,i say1 n on ! :ole life1 b on ! s9ful life ( our city1 & we see :at human nature is pla9ly meant n to be1 ei!r 9 its *>act]i/ics or 9 its mis]able issues4 ,& by ! int]val betwe5 :at we see life to be & :at we "k x 0 meant to be1 we c measure ! reality ( ! div9e judgem5t4 ,! facts press ^u u ! tru? :i* ,/4 ,paul w\ld tea*4 ,! s9ful life is a condemn$ life4 ,"h is an #gh actual disclosure ( ! wra? ( ,god ^u all unrighte\sness & s94 #b4 ,b :at w 'sci5ce' say to ,/4 ,paul's acc\nt ( human deg5]acy & degradation8 ,does n ,/4 ,paul seem to talk1 z morali/s 9 g5]al h be5 dispos$ to talk1 z if ! c\rse ( ! _w's hi/ory _h be5 a d[nw>d c\rse8 & is n ?is ! religi\s view8 & is x n directly oppos$ to ! sci5tific view ( a gradual process ( developm5t & advance8 ,?is is a v common =m ( "q to sugge/ itself to our m9ds4 ,& ! answ] to x appe>s to be ?is#ad3--,! biblical view ( ! _w is n by any means t z a :ole x has gone f bad to worse4 ,x recognizes p]iods & areas ( degradation1 & sugge/s p]iods & areas ( /agnation4 ,& ?is is :at an?ropology & hi/ory equally sugge/4 ,b its ma9 conc]n is ) ! hi/ory ( "o p>ticul> l9e ( human advancem5t "u div9e guidance ?r\gh ,abraham & ,moses & prophets & k+s1 ?r\gh ,*ri/ & ,8 ,*ur*3 an advancem5t :i* is to be f9ally _w-wide1 & ev5 m ?an _w-wide1 9 its effects4 ,o!r l9es ( progress 9 civilization & k #gi ! ,bible recognizes b is n l>gely conc]n$ )4 ,b x is 9 its g5]al effect ?or\ghly 9 accord ) sci5ce1 :i* sugge/s n g5]al & equable advance ov] ! :ole region ( humanity1 b advance 9 special dep>tm5ts along ! l9e ( select races1 cont9ually imp$$ 9 its progress by c\nt] t5d5cies1 by p]iods & areas ( degradation1 & /ill m ( /agnation#ae4 ,sci5ce1 inde$1 utt]s no ^w ( promise at all z to ! ultimate result ( all ?is evolution#af4 ,x is fai?1 ( :atsoev] sort1 n sci5ce1 t c make u optimi/ic z to ! issue ( human hi/ory4 ,b no d\bt ! ,bible does ?r\gh\t po/ulate ! exi/5ce ( s92 & x claims t s9 ev]y:]e1 & f ! fir/1 has be5 a cause ( degradation 9 ! individual & ! race4 ,n[ "h is ! real po9t at issue 9 ! relations ( religion & sci5ce4 ,! #hj ma9 "q is n ab\t human orig9s or a primaeval fall4 ,x is simply on ! comp>atively easy field ( actual human exi/5ce4 ,is human fre$om--fre$om )9 limits to *oose & act--a reality8 ,c man !re=e misuse ?is fre$om to d :at he ne$ n h done & ought n to h done8 ,& has he1 9 fact1 con/antly be5 do+ morally wrong ?+s1 wilfully & kn[+ly1 :i* he ne$ n h done8 ,does1 !re=e1 ! area ( human hi/ory pres5t at e /age a result or product :i* human wilfulness & lawlessness1 t is1 s91 has contribut$ to spoil & to degrade bel[ its natural level8 ,n[ x is ?is--! real exi/5ce ( c\ntless human actions :i* ne$ n h be5 & ought n to h be5--:i* contempor>y sci5ce1 ) a necessit>ian bias1 is l>gely occupi$ 9 d5y+4 ,grant$ ! reality )9 limits--limits :i* h no d\bt (t5 be5 grossly exagg]at$1 b grant$ ! reality )9 due limits--( human fre$om1 & !re=e ! possibility & reality ( actual s9 & guilt & degradation :i* ne$ n h be51 ,i d n believe !re rema9s any s]i\s conflict 9 ! moral region betwe5 religion & sci5ce4 ,! conflict1 ,i say1 is cont9ually #ha be+ tak5 back into ! region ( orig9al s9 or ! orig9al fall4 ,b ?is is a q second>y area ( debate1 9 :i* ,i believe !re c be no s]i\s disagreem5t1 if !re is agreem5t 9 ! prim>y area ( actual human s94 ,! univ]sal moral consci\sness & common s5se ( man be>s witness to ! fact t we c d & d d :at we ought & ne$ n4 ,x recognizes1 moreov]1 ! moral tru? ( ,/4 ,paul's idea t ?is lawlessness ( ! w has its p]v]t+ effects on ! intellig5ce & on ! passions4 ,! human consci5ce !n responds to ,/4 ,paul's acc\nt ( ! orig9 & hi/ory ( human s91 & ( its fruits bo? 9 ! individual & 9 society4 ,& if psy*ological sci5ce is incl9$ to d5y ! v exi/5ce ( any faculty ( free *oice su* z makes s9 possible1 x w be f\nd on exam9ation to be go+ v f> beyond :at x c prove4 ,= ! reality ( guilt & s91 & ! degradation :i* results f x1 we h ! human consci\sness2 aga9/ x we h no positive evid5ce3 no?+ 9 fact b ! habitual unwill+ness ( speciali/ sci5ce1 physical or !ological1 to recognize its limits4 #c4 ,/4 ,paul f9ds ! root ( s9 9 ! refusal #hb ( man 9 g5]al to recognize ,god4 ,he ass]ts t !y might h kn[n ,him1 or r did "k ,him1 b decl9$ to act on t k4 ,n[ x is noticeable t he does n ascribe ?is k ( ,god1 :i* he decl>es to h be5 possible to man ev]y:]e1 to an orig9al revelation1 nor ev5 9 ?is place to ! moral consci5ce1 b to ! evid5ce ( nature4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 8 ridicule ( idolatry1 he is 9 accordance1 n only ) ,jewi% ?\ght1 b ) contempor>y ,greek philosophy4 ,! argum5t f design _h become habitual 9 ! s*ools1 hav+ be5 /at$ fir/ ( all ) transp>5t simplicity by ,x5ophon 9 8 acc\nt ( ! reason+ ( ,socrates4 ,/4 ,paul !n f9ds 9 ?is in/9ctive inf]5ce f nature up to nature's ,god1 'a te/imony ( ! s\l naturally ,*ri/ian4' ,he is able1 at ,ly/ra & ,a!ns1 to assume t m5 w respond to x4 ,x is ano!r "q1 into :i* ,/4 ,paul does n specifically ent]1 h[ f> back 9 human hi/ory ! appreciation ( ?is reason+ goes4 ,b x is wor? notic+ t among our contempor>y inve/igators ( ! hi/ory ( religion1 "s at lea/ ( ! mo/ acute h be5 com+ back to :at we may call a modifi$ #hc =m ( ! doctr9e ( an orig9al mono!ism#ag4 ,!y ?9k t ev5 savage religions g5]ally be> traces1 t are pla9ly indep5d5t1 ( a belief 9 "o great & mo/ly good ,god2 & t !re is no evid5ce t ?is high] belief 0 develop$ out ( ! l[] belief 9 manifold spirits ( m ambigu\s *>act]s4 ,!y see no reason to suppose t ! high] belief has be5 gradually arriv$ at )9 any p]iod into :i* ! human m9d c p5etrate ) its inve/igations or its well-gr\nd$ conjectures4 ,humanity appe>s to !m to h be5 haunt$ f its orig9s ) ?is belief 9 ! "o ,god2 & !y reg>d all ! high] religi\s movem5ts z attempts n s mu* to arrive at1 z to reta9 hold on1 a belief :i* is cont9ually 9 dang] ( be+ ov]laid & =gott54 ,x does n appe> t an?ropological sci5ce is at all likely to disprove su* a view :i* on ! o!r h& has a great deal ( evid5ce to ju/ify x4 ,at lea/1 ! #hd evid5ces ( det]ioration 9 ! hi/ory ( religion are manifold & conspicu\s4 ,! l[e/ view ( ,god & man is n by any means always ! olde/4 ,& ! recognition ( su* facts is q consonant ) ! doctr9e ( ! evolution ( religion 9 its m reasonable =ms4 ,mean:ile1 e "o is 9 suffici5t h>mony ) ,/4 ,paul's argum5t :o recognizes ! univ]sal facts ( s9 & guilt & ne$less moral det]ioration among m52 & :o recognizes also t ! secret ( s9 is ! wilful refusal on m5's "p to "k ,god z !y might h kn[n ,him1 & obey ,him z !y might h obey$ ,him4 #d4 ,besides ^! difficult que/ions1 we %\ld m>k :at is bo? pla9 & in/ructive1 t ,/4 ,paul reg>ds man z necess>ily liv+ ei!r above himself or bel[ himself4 ,man's true nature is to be 9 dep5d5ce ^u ,god4 ,!re9 is 8 true lib]ty & dignity ( son%ip4 ,:5 he tries to be indep5d5t1 to be 8 own ma/] simply1 he loses ! true pr9ciple ( self-gov]nm5t & becomes ! victim ( 8 own passions4 ,god 'gave m5 up1' h&$ !m ov] z slaves to di%on\r+ passions4 ,?is !ory ( human nature is intimately b\nd up ) all ,/4 ,paul's #he tea*+ ab\t grace & r$emption1 & we %all he> m ( x4 #e4 ,we %all d well to notice1 f9ally1 "o consequ5ce :i* foll[s f recogniz+ t ! l[e/ /age ( moral degradation lies1 n m]ely 9 do+ :at is wrong1 b 9 hav+ ceas$ to disapprove ( x4 ,t is to say1 ! l[e/ moral /age c>ries ) x a complete loss ( ideal1 or abs5ce ( ! /&>d ( "r & wrong2 & ?is l[e/ /age is anticipat$ be=e x is rea*$4 ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 & we mu/ n =get x1 t ! actual consci5ce ( ! individual1 or ( ! society1 at any p>ticul> mom5t af=ds no adequate /&>d ( "r & wrong4 ,! moral consci5ce1 l ! intellig5ce 9 g5]al1 requires enlight5m5t4 ,x supplies no tru/wor?y in=mation1 except s f> z we are at pa9s to keep x enlight5$4 ,m ?an ?is1 its capacity to keep u admoni%$ dep5ds on our habitually obs]v+ its injunctions4 ,to disobey consci5ce is to dull x1 & f9ally to make x obdurate & ins5sitive4 ,! abs5ce ( consci5ti\s objection to a p>ticul> c\rse ( action may !re=e be due ei!r to our hav+ neglect$ to enlight5 our consci5ce or to hav+ refus$ to obey x4 ,! duty ( an #hf individual to himself is n only to obey 8 consci5ce1 b also take pa9s to enlight5 x4 ,& ! duty ( ! individual to society is to make cont9ual ef=ts to keep ! corporate consci5ce up to /&>d4 #a #a ,john iii4 #d4 ,! ,greek phrase implies exactly t all s9 is lawlessness1 & all lawlessness is s94 #b ,rom4 v4 #ac1 #ad4 #c ,cf4 ,wisd4 xiii4 #a-i3 ',= v]ily all m5 by nature 7 b va9 :o _h no p]ception ( ,god1 & f ! good ?+s t are se5 !y ga9$ n p[] to "k him t is1 nei!r by giv+ he$ to ! works did !y recognize ! artific]4444 ,= f ! greatness ( ! beauty ev5 ( creat$ ?+s 9 l proportion does man =m ! image ( _! fir/ mak]4444 ,b aga9 ev5 !y are n to be excus$4 ,= if !y _h p[] to "k s mu* 444 h[ is x t !y did n soon] f9d ! ,sov]eign ,"l ( ^! 8 works8' ,apoc4 ,b>4 liv4 #ag1 #ah3 ',f "t to "t ye h reject$ ! und]/&+ ( ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,= 8 works h n taught y1 nor has ! skill ( 8 creation :i* is at all times p]suad$ y4' #d ,isa4 xliv4 #ah-bj4 #e ,wisd4 xi4 #ae2 xiii1 xiv1 xv4 ,/4 ,paul's debt to ! ,book ( ,wisdom is app>5t 7#a7 9 ! k9ds ( idols he m5tions2 7#b7 9 ! way 9 :i* ! ?\ght ( idolatry leads on to t ( uncleanness & sexual immorality2 & 7#c7 9 ! idea ( retribution by ! natural law ( results4 #f #a ,!ss4 ii4 #af4 #g ,butl]'s ,analogy1 "p i4 *4 #b4 #h ,pirq ,abo?1 iv4 #b 7cit$ by ,s4 & ,h474 #i ,s4 & ,h4 p4 #di4 #aj ,he implies1 z ,dr4 ,f>r> po9ts out1 #a ,cor4 v4 #i-aj1 t pure society did n exi/ 9 ,cor9?4 #aa ,see my ,ephesians1 pp4 #ia1 #ib1 #bee4 #ab ,rom4 ii4 #ac-ae4 #ac ,rom4 ii4 #bf4 #ad ,see also app4 note ,e on physical sci5ce & ! fall4 #ae ,cf4 ,f4 ,b4 ,jevons1 ,introd4 to ! ,hi/4 ( ,religion 7,me?u571 pp4 #cid1 #cie3 ',ev]y:]e x is ! _m :o lapse3 ! few :o hold "r on4 ,! progressive peoples ( ! e>? are 9 a m9ority4' ',?\gh evolution is univ]sal1 progress is exceptional4' #af ,cf4 ,huxley1 ,evolution & ,e?ics 7,romanes ,lecture1 #ahic1 ,macmillan71 p4 #cf3 ',! !ory ( evolution enc\rages no mill5nial anticipations4 ,if1 = millions ( ye>s1 our globe has tak5 ! upw>d road1 yet1 "s "t1 ! summit w be rea*$1 & ! d[nw>d r\te w be comm5c$4' #ag ,! allusion is to 7#a7 ,jevons 7op4 cit4 cap4 xxv71 :o seems to ?9k "s 'amorph\s' =m ( mono!ism may v probably lie beh9d totemism4 ,he /rongly repudiates ! notion t ! l[] =m is necess>ily ! old]4 7#b7 ,&rew ,lang1 ,mak+ ( ,religion 7,longmans1 #ahih71 *aps4 ix & xv4 ,cp4 also ,orr's ,*ri/ian view ( ,god & ! ,_w 7,elliot1 #ahic71 pp4 #bab ff41 & notes ,e1 ,f1 ,g4 #hg ,,division ,i4 #b4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 #a-bi4 ,judgem5t on ! ,jews4 ,/4 ,paul 9 8 judgem5t ( ! ,g5tile _w is b repeat+1 ) m ( moral disc]nm5t1 :at he w\ld h le>n$ 9 8 ,jewi% tra9+4 ,b ! /rict ,jews :o _h taught ,/4 ,paul1 ?\gh "s among !m mu/ h be5 good m51 ready to ent] into ! deeply p5it5tial _s ( _! psalmi/s & prophets1 d n seem z a rule to h lik$ to ?9k ( _! own p z liable to div9e condemnation4 ,!y *ose to suppose t ! ,g5tile _w alone 0 ! area ^u :i* div9e v5geance w\ld light1 :ile ! ,jews 7 to appe> z ! in/rum5ts ( ,god's judgem5ts1 or at lea/ !mselves exempt f !m4 ,!y _h =gott5 all ! sup]abundant w>n+s aga9/ su* a _s :i* ! prophets f ,amos to ,john ! ,bapti/ _h let fall4 ,?is frame ( m9d--c5sori\s :5 #hh x looks )\t1 l5i5t to ! po9t ( bl9dness :5 x looks )9--sometimes appe>s :5 "o ?9ks ( ?+s 9 ! ab/ract z almo/ impossible1 9 ! =m at lea/ 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul "h proce$s to attribute x to ! ,jews4 ,we c h>dly believe t any responsible be+s c\ld be s bl9d z ,/4 ,paul implies t 8 pi\s fell[-c\ntrym5 74 ,b x ne$s only exp]i5ce to conv9ce u t ev5 9 its gross] =ms ?is frame ( m9d is extraord9>ily common 9 individuals1 9 nations1 & 9 *ur*es4 ,c]ta9ly ! nation ( ,engl& is n1 & ! repres5tatives ( religi\s ,engl& too (t5 are n1 exempt f ! common fail+4 ,& 9 ! case ( ! ,jews we h also ! witness ( our ,"l4 ,he repres5ts ! religi\s ,jewi% _w z honeycomb$ ) hypocrisy ( a pla9 & gross sort4 ,!y are to ,him v types ( ! m5 :o behold ! mote t is 9 _! bro!r's eye1 b consid] n ! beam t is 9 _! own eyes4 ,/4 ,paul's witness !n is only ! same z ! ,*ri/'s4 ,"h !n ,/4 ,paul turns abruptly ^u a ,jew :o may be suppos$ to h be5 li/5+ to ! indictm5t ( ! ,g5tiles ) expressions ( sympa?y1 & bids him look #hi )9 & recognize t ! ,jew also falls "u ! same indictm5t & on ! same gr\nds4 ,& he proce$s /]nly to cut away any possible gr\nd ( confid5ce :i* he might d]ive f ! ?\ght t he _h ',abraham to 8 fa!r4' ,god's judgem5t is direct$ by an absolutely imp>tial 'tru?' or e/imate ( ! facts 9 _! inn] reality4 ,if 9 any p>ticul> case ( p]si/5t s9 ,8 judgem5t seems to l+]1 x is n t ,he has =gott5 or w ov]look2 x is only t ,he is m]ciful & =be>+1 & gives long space = rep5tance#a4 ,b1 mean:ile1 if ! opportunity is n tak51 if ! he>t is h>d & imp5it5t1 a /ore is be+ laid up aga9/ ! (f5d] 9 ! place ( judgem5t1 :i* w break out 9 ! great day 9 manife/$ wra?4 ,god's pr9ciple ( judgem5t is absolutely free f p>tiality4 ,!re are m5 #ij :o h /eadily 9 view ! true aim ( human life1 its imp]i%able glory1 its f9al & p]man5t hon\r1 &1 !re=e1 pref]r+ et]nal to temporal ?+s1 pati5tly g on do+ good2 !y may be ,jews or ,greeks1 b 9 ei!r case indiff]5tly1 ! rew>d t !y h s\ght w be !irs ) ! accompanim5t ( inw>d peace4 ,!re are o!r m5 :o are cont5ti\s1 & refus+ ! lead+ ( ! tru?1 make !mselves s]vants to unrighte\sness4 ,!y may be ,jews or ,g5tiles1 b ! div9e wra?1 %[+ itself 9 outw>d suff]+ & inw>d angui%1 w be ^u !m all equally4 ,= ,god judges m5 imp>tially 9 ! light ( _! opportunities4 ,^? :o h ! advantage ( a reveal$ law %all be judg$ & acquitt$ accord+ z !y h1 n li/5$ to x m]ely1 b obey$ x4 ,= a law kn[n & n kept1 s f> f comm5d+ u to ,god1 is b ! in/rum5t ( our judgem5t4 ,& ^? :o h n ?is advantage are yet n )\t an inw>d light 9 ! natural moral consci\sness ( mank9d4 ,^? :o h s9n$ aga9/ ?is light %all f9d no?+ else 0 ne$$ to br+ !m to _! ru94 ,& ^?1 on ! o!r h&1 :o by its help keep ! moral law 9 effect1 )\t #ia any assi/ance f a reveal$ law1 are _! own law = !mselves4 ,!y h ! law 9 its practical result writt5 9 _! he>ts z _! conduct %[s1 & _! natural consci5ce be>s its accompany+ witness4 ,= consci5ce1 bo? individual & social1 reflect+ on all human actions to condemn1 or1 m r>ely1 to acquit1 anticipates ! f9al div9e judgem5t :i*1 z ,/4 ,paul cont9ually ann\nces1 x w be ! (fice ( ,jesus ! ,*ri/ to pass un]r+ly ^u ?+s secret z well z op5 9 ! 'day ( ! ,"l4' ,! specially reveal$ law on :i* ! ,jew reli$1 :i* x is 8 boa/ to h receiv$ f ,god1 & 9 virtue ( :i* he c\ld rightly claim to h a k ( div9e ?+s :i* o!r m5 _h n1 & to be ! tea*] ( ! nations1 ! int]pret] to o!r m5 ( ! div9e w--?is law f9ds its fir/ application to ^? !mselves to :om x is giv54 ,h[ c !y prea* ! comm&m5ts1 :e!r x be ! eigh? or ! sev5? or ! second t is 9 "q1 s long z !y h s bad a reputation = keep+ !m8 ,!y _c d5y t z ( old1 s n[1 _! moral conduct causes ! hea!n to blaspheme _! religion1 in/ead ( #ib be+ drawn t[>ds x4 ,to h receiv$ circumcision 9 physical fact is ( no pr(it at all1 unless x be accompani$ by ! ob$i5ce ( :i* ! m>k 9 ! fle% is b ! symbol4 ,disob$i5ce is 9 ,god's sight uncircumcision4 ,& :]e ! ob$i5ce is1 ,god w reckon x z if ! symbol 7 !re also4 ,! morally ob$i5t ,g5tile w sit 9 judgem5t on ! morally disob$i5t ,jew4 ,= t is ! div9e pr9ciple4 ,god ev]y:]e & always looks to ! spiritual reality z x is seat$ 9 he>t & w1 & is satisfi$ nev] by outw>d di/9ctions4 ,jew 7,judah7 means 'praise4' ,b if ! ,jew is to m]it 8 "n1 he mu/ n be satisfi$ ) ! applause ( m54 ,he mu/ comm5d himself to ,god :o sees ! he>t4 ,:]e=e ?\ art )\t excuse1 ,o man1 :osoev] ?\ art t judge/3 = :]e9 ?\ judge/ ano!r1 ?\ condemne/ ?yself2 = ?\ t judge/ do/ practise ! same ?+s4 ,& we "k t ! judgem5t ( ,god is accord+ to tru? aga9/ !m t practise su* ?+s4 ,& reckone/ ?\ ?is1 ,o man1 :o judge/ !m t practise su* ?+s1 & doe/ ! same1 t ?\ %all escape ! judgem5t ( ,god8 ,or despise/ ?\ ! ri*es ( 8 goodness & =be>ance & longsuff]+1 n kn[+ t ! goodness ( ,god leade? !e to rep5tance8 b aft] ?y h>dness & imp5it5t he>t treasure/ up = ?yself wra? 9 ! #ic day ( wra? & revelation ( ! righte\s judgem5t ( ,god2 :o w r5d] to e man accord+ to 8 works3 to !m t by pati5ce 9 well-do+ seek = glory & hon\r & incorruption1 et]nal life3 b unto !m t are facti\s1 & obey n ! tru?1 b obey unrighte\sness1 %all be wra? & indignation1 tribulation & angui%1 ^u e s\l ( man t worke? evil1 ( ! ,jew fir/1 & also ( ! ,greek2 b glory & hon\r & peace to e man t worke? good1 to ! ,jew fir/1 & also to ! ,greek3 = !re is no respect ( p]sons ) ,god4 ,= z _m z h s9n$ )\t law %all also p]i% )\t law3 & z _m z h s9n$ "u law %all be judg$ by law2 = n ! he>]s ( a law are j be=e ,god1 b ! do]s ( a law %all be ju/ifi$3 = :5 ,g5tiles :i* h no law d by nature ! ?+s ( ! law1 ^!1 hav+ no law1 are a law unto !mselves2 9 t !y %ew ! "w ( ! law writt5 9 _! he>ts1 _! consci5ce be>+ witness !re)#b1 & _! ?\ghts "o ) ano!r accus+ or else excus+ !m2 9 ! day :5 ,god %all judge ! secrets ( m51 accord+ to my gospel1 by ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b if ?\ be>e/ ! "n ( a ,jew1 & re/e/ ^u ! law1 & glorie/ 9 ,god1 & kn[e/ 8 w1 & approve/ ! ?+s t are excell5t1 be+ in/ruct$ out ( ! law1 & art confid5t t ?\ ?yself art a guide ( ! bl9d1 a light ( !m t are 9 d>kness1 a corrector ( ! fooli%1 a tea*] ( babes1 hav+ 9 ! law ! =m ( k & ( ! tru?2 ?\ !re=e t tea*e/ ano!r1 tea*e/ ?\ n ?yself8 ?\ t prea*e/ a man %\ld n /eal1 do/ ?\ /eal8 #id ?\ t saye/ a man %\ld n commit adult]y1 do/ ?\ commit adult]y8 ?\ t abhorre/ idols1 do/ ?\ rob temples8 ?\ :o glorie/ 9 ! law1 ?r\gh ?y transgression ( ! law di%on\re/ ?\ ,god8 ,= ! "n ( ,god is blasphem$ among ! ,g5tiles because ( y1 ev5 z x is writt54 ,= circumcision inde$ pr(ite?1 if ?\ be a do] ( ! law3 b if ?\ be a transgressor ( ! law1 ?y circumcision is become uncircumcision4 ,if !re=e ! uncircumcision keep ! ord9ances ( ! law1 %all n 8 uncircumcision be reckon$ = circumcision8 & %all n ! uncircumcision :i* is by nature1 if x fulfil ! law1 judge !e1 :o ) ! lett] & circumcision art a transgressor ( ! law8 ,= he is n a ,jew1 :i* is "o outw>dly2 nei!r is t circumcision1 :i* is outw>d 9 ! fle%3 b he is a ,jew1 :i* is "o inw>dly2 & circumcision is t ( ! he>t1 9 ! _s1 n 9 ! lett]2 ^: praise is n ( m51 b ( ,god4 #a4 ,z at ! end ( ! fir/ *apt] we ask$ :e!r ,/4 ,paul 0 fair to ! ,g5tile _w1 s n[ we ask :e!r he is fair to ^? ( 8 own race ^: religi\s t5d5cies he _h kn[n s well f inside4 ,& ! answ] aga9 is t he und\bt$ly repres5ts aright ! dom9ant t5d5cy & temp] among !m4 ,! prophets _h always _h to fight aga9/ ! natural b false idea ( div9e election1 :i* held ! ,jewi% race secure 9 ! fav\r ( ,jehovah1 simply because ,he 0 _! ,god & !y 7 ,8 p4 ,!y br+ to be> #ie all ! activities ( an inspir$ intellig5ce & he>t to make _! fell[-c\ntrym5 p]ceive t !y are only secure 9 ,god's fav\r s long z !y are l ,him 9 "*4 ,n[ d[n to ! p]iod ( ! ,captivity1 ! prophets c\ld also d5\nce ! p because !y 7 con/antly false to ,jehovah 9 matt]s ( wor%ip z well z ( morality4 ,aft] ! ,captivity1 h[ev]1 ! t5d5cy to idolatry is gone = ev]4 ,aft] ! ,maccabean p]iod ! exclusive & legitimate wor%ip ( ,jehovah becomes a matt] ( passionate en?usiasm 9 ! ,jewi% race4 ,h5ce=? !re=e _! dang] f ! false idea ( election passes into a new phase4 ,we mu/ be 9 ! fav\r ( ,god1 !y n[ c\ld plead1 because we h ,abraham to our fa!r1 & because we keep to ! wor%ip ( our ,god ) an irreproa*able zeal = ,8 law4 ,aga9/ ?is sort ( /r5g!n$ plead+ ,john ! ,bapti/1 ! la/ ( ! prophets1 aims 8 b>e moral tea*+4 ,god's wra? is j ab\t to fall ^u ,8 p he decl>es1 because x lacks 9 real moral righte\sness4 ,rep5t ye1 be *ang$1 get y a new he>t--is 8 "o ^w ( prea*+4 ,?is keynote passes int5sifi$ into ! tea*+s & ! d5unciations ( ,*ri/4 ,no?+ #if m surely /amps ! n>rative ( '! woman tak5 9 adult]y' z hi/orically g5u9e#c1 ?an its pr(\nd tru? to ! moral attitude ( ,*ri/ 9 face ( ,scribes & ,ph>isees4 ,! po9t ( ,8 reply to _! trial "q is t !y :o w\ld en=ce a div9e law1 & ?us /& = ,god be=e ! _w1 mu/ !mselves be morally s\nd4 ',he t is )\t s9 among y1 let him fir/ ca/ a /one at h]4' ,x is moral con=mity1 n m]ely or?odoxy1 :i* qualifies u to act = ,god4 ,x is !n precisely ?is attitude ( ,*ri/ t[>ds ! ,jews zeal\s = ! law1 :i* ,/4 ,paul is reproduc+ 9 ! passage :i* we h j read4 ,he sugge/s also 9 its la/ words--:]e he is play+ on ! mean+ ( ! "n ( ,judah--ano!r deep elem5t 9 ,*ri/'s depreciation ( ! religi\s _s ( ! ,jews4 ,_! religion 0 a matt] ( public op9ion--) all ! /agnancy :i* belongs to ! public op9ion ( a compact society--n a matt] :i* liv$ ) ev] fre% life 9 ! inn] relation ( ! consci5ce to ,god4 ',h[ c ye believe :i* receive glory "o ( ano!r1 & ! glory :i* come? f ! only ,god ye seek n8' #ig ,/4 ,paul !n is c]ta9ly "r 9 8 e/imate ( ,jewi% religion4 ,"o inde$ :o describes ) z vivid reality z he does ! pride ( a ,jew 9 8 religi\s privileges--"o :o _h all ! reason t ,saul ( ,t>sus _h = kn[+ :at x 0 to feel ?is emotion f )9--c\ld h>dly h be5 wrong 9 8 e/imate ( its weaknesses4 ,& if ! p>ticul> moral defects :i* ,/4 ,paul attributes to ! religi\s ,jew are surpris+ly grave--!ft1 adult]y1 & temple-robb]y--"h too :at he says out ( 8 own exp]i5ce is confirm$ f o!r qu>t]s4 ,av>ice 0 a notori\s s9 ( ,jews4 ,our ,"l accuses ! ,scribes ( 'dev\r+ wid[s' h\ses#d' "u cloak ( religion1 & d5\nces ! ,ph>isees also = leav+ _! outw>dly purifi$ cups & platt]s inw>dly full ( 'extortion4' ,x is only a subtl] =m ( !ft t ,he alludes to :5 ,he d5\nces !m = sanction+ ! practice ( d$icat+ prop]ty z a 'corban' to ! purposes ( religion 9 ord] to evade ! righte\s claims ( p>5ts4 ,! /ory ( ,susanna1 ! brief b /]n words ( our ,"l ab\t ! sev5? comm&m5t 9 ,8 ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 & ,8 #ih significant language on ! occasion already allud$ to ( ! woman tak5 9 adult]y1 int]pret ,/4 ,paul's language z to s9s ( ! fle%4 ,& ! language ( ! t[n cl]k at ,ephesus 9 exculpat+ ,/4 ,paul & 8 company1 sugge/s t 'temple-robb]y' 0 a n unfamili> imputation ^u ,jews4 ,x appe>s t ) all _! horror ( idols--& ?\gh ev]y?+ connect$ ) an idol 0 expressly decl>$ to be 'an abom9ation1' unless x _h be5 already desecrat$ by ,g5tiles#e--!y c\ld n always resi/ ! opportunity ( appropriat+ ! ri* /ores ( ! temples4 ,! 'religi\s' ,scribes & ,ph>isees 7?\gh n ( c\rse ! be/ ( !m7 71 9 fact1 z a body truly hypocrites1 z our ,"l summ>ily said !y 74 ,& !re lies 9 ! moral failure ( ! ,jews a v mu* ne$$ w>n+ to u n9ete5?-c5tury ,*ri/ians aga9/ c5sori\sness4 ',judg+' occupies s l>ge a "p 9 our ord9>y conv]sation4 ,9 ! religi\s _w1 we condemn s freely--,romani/s1 ,diss5t]s1 ^? :o are ( a diff]5t p>ty to ourselves3 9 ! social _w--^? ( a diff]5t class1 ^? :o employ u1 or :om we employ1 #ii ^? :om 9 any way we d n l or :o g contr>y to u4 ,we are always judg+4 ,b to judge1 we are taught1 is a great responsibility4 ,) :at judgem5t we judge1 we %all be judg$4 ,x is ( ! utmo/ consequ5ce t be=e we judge o!rs we %\ld h judg$ ourselves4 ,& to h done t tru?fully has a t5d5cy to make u *>itable 9 our e/imate ( o!rs1 because we are deeply consci\s ( our own ne$ ( m]ciful & l5i5t consid]ation4 #b4 ,:at ,/4 ,paul tea*es ab\t ! moral consci\sness1 & possibility ( moral goodness1 among ! ,g5tiles has n a ,jewi% s\nd at all4 ,! ,jewi% tea*]s g5]ally w\ld n h admitt$ any goodness acceptable to ,god 9 ! hea!n _w4 ,9 fact1 ,/4 ,paul is "h1 z 9 8 spee* at ,a!ns1 accept+ ! pr9ciple ( a univ]sal pres5ce & op]ation ( ,god 9 ! human he>t1 outside ! limit ( any special revelation1 & he accepts x 9 t]ms l>gely d]iv$ f curr5t ,/oic philosophy4 ,! ,/oics1 aris+ :5 ! ,greek city life 0 decay+1 contemplat$ man z an individual1 & und]took to %[ him h[ to lead a good life4 ,a good life means a 'life accord+ #ajj to nature1' or 'accord+ to reason'3 ! reason ( ! individual be+ a "p ( ! univ]sal reason or ,god4 ,& z a help 9 liv+ accord+ to reason1 ! ,/oics laid /ress ^u ! consci5ce 9 ea* man1 i4e4 a faculty ly+ beh9d 8 ord9>y surface self1 pass+ judgem5t accord+ to reason ^u 8 actions1 & 'mak+ c[>ds ( u all1' inasmu* z we all d wrong4 ',no "o1' said ,s5eca1 ,/4 ,paul's contempor>y1 'w be f\nd :o c acquit himself2 & any man call+ himself innoc5t has reg>d to ! human witness1 n to 8 own consci5ce4' ,he quotes an 'admirable say+ ( ,epicurus1' ',! beg9n+ ( safety is ! k ( s94' ,he inculcates ! duty ( /rict self-exam9ation1 & tells u h[ he p]=m$ x himself at night3 ':5 ! light is remov$1 & my wife1 :o is by ?is "t aw>e ( my practice1 is n[ sil5t1 ,i pass ! :ole ( my day "u exam9ation4' ,!n he 'op5s out 8 consci5ce to ! gods4' ,& ?is consci5ce is to e man a sort ( inw>d ,god#f4 ,x is 9 fact ! repres5tative 9 ea* man ( ! univ]sal1 immutable1 & div9e moral law1 ! #aja law ( nature1 9 con=mity ) :i* is ! only true fre$om & citiz5%ip ( ! _w4 ',= ?is' 7! _w ( ! moral ord]71 said ano!r contempor>y ( ,/4 ,paul1 also a philosoph]1 'is ! common home ( all1 & its law is no writt5 docum5t 7lett]71 b ,god4 ,& if a man transgresses :at ! law imposes1 he w be impi\s2 or r he w n d>e transgress1 = he c\ld n escape4 ,ju/ice has _m furies1 wat*-dogs = s9s#g4' ,!re is 9 ,cic]o's ,republic a magnific5t expression ( ! pr9ciple ( ! law ( nature3 ',!re is a true law :i* is "r reason1 agreeable to nature1 diffus$ among all m51 con/ant1 et]nal1 :i* calls u to duty by its injunctions1 & by its prohibitions det]s u f wrong2 :i* ^u ! good lays nei!r injunction nor prohibition 9 va92 :ile = ! bad1 nei!r its injunctions nor its prohibitions avail at all4 ,?is law admits nei!r ( addition nor subtraction nor abrogation4 ,! vote ( nei!r s5ate nor p c dis*>ge u f our obligation to x4 ,we are n to look = "s o!r p]son to exp\nd or int]pret x2 nor w !re be "o law = ,rome & ano!r = ,a!ns1 nor #ajb "o at ?is date & ano!r lat] on2 b "o law %all embrace all races ov] all "t1 et]nal & immortal2 & !re %all be h]eby "o common ma/] & comm&] ( all--,god1 :o orig9at$ ?is law & propos$ x & arbitrates conc]n+ x2 & if any "o obeys x n1 he %all play false to himself & %all d despite to ! nature ( man1 & by ?is v fact %all pay ! greate/ p5alties1 ev5 if he %\ld escape all else t is reckon$ puni%m5t4' ,x is ( int]e/ to notice t ! words cit$ by ,/4 ,paul be=e ! ,areopagus#h1 ',we are also ,god's (fspr+1' occur 9 a hymn ( ! ,/oic ,clean!s1 full ( ! ?\ght ( man's relation ?r\gh 8 reason to ! univ]sal & div9e law4 ,( ?is type ( ?\ght & language !n ,/4 ,paul avails himself1 9 spite ( ! imm5se diff]5ces :i* disclose !mselves bel[ ! surface betwe5 ! ,/oic & ! ,*ri/ian ideas ( ,god4 ,he avails himself ( ,/oic phraseology ab\t m5 be+ ,god's (fspr+ 9 8 spee* at ,a!ns1 z be+ 9 accordance ) :at he1 ! ,*ri/ian apo/le1 _h to tea*4 ,& "h he adopts 9 sub/ance ! ,/oic language ) reg>d to consci5ce4 ,z by inf]5ce f #ajc nature all m5 c "k ( ,god's p[] & div9e attributes1 s1 ,/4 ,paul says1 f ! witness ( consci5ce !y may "k ! pr9ciples ( ,8 moral gov]nm5t#i4 ,/4 ,paul1 h[ev]1 rightly refuses to be satisfi$ ) ! individual consci5ce4 ,! social judgem5t--! social v]dicts ( condemnation or acquittal cont9ually be+ pass$--co-op]ate ) x to anticipate ! judgem5ts ( ,god4 ,& 9 virtue ( ! inw>d light ( reason1 & ! consci5ce#aj bo? individual & social1 he held t m5 :o lie outside ! region ( special revelation c possess ! moral law 9 effect 9 _! he>ts1 &1 x is impli$1 c keep x4 ,/4 ,paul is ma9ly occupi$ 9 ?is epi/le 9 contra/+ ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 z a region :]e spiritual p[] is giv5 9 response to fai? to enable a man to fulfil ! div9e law1 bo? ) ! hea!n _w1 plung$ 9 moral wick$ness1 & ) ! ,jewi% ,*ur* 9 its failure to atta9 to div9e righte\sness by ! law ( works--( :i* m h]eaft]4 #ajd ,b !re 7 among ! ,jews true sons ( ,abraham3 & !re 7 among ! ,g5tiles good m5 acceptable to ,god1 l righte\s ,job4 ,/4 ,paul does n !orize ab\t ?is4 ,b !re is at lea/ no reason to d5y t he w\ld h decl>$ ^! righte\s m5 to be ju/ifi$ by fai? & sanctifi$ by grace1 i4e4 ju/ifi$ by t degree ( tru?ful correspond5ce ) ,god :i* 0 possible = !m2 & kept 9 h>mony ) ! w ( ,god by ,8 ,_s4 ,!re is no reason to believe t ,/4 ,paul w\ld n h admitt$ "s action ( fai? & grace among ! non-*ri/ian ,g5tiles1 z he und\bt$ly does among ! prae-*ri/ian ,jews :o liv$ "u or be=e ! law4 ,:5 he says ( ! good hea!n t !y d 'by nature ! ?+s conta9$ 9 ! law1' he uses ! expression n z equival5t to 'by _! own unassi/$ p[]s1 )\t ! help ( ,god1' b simply to mean ')\t ! help ( any special revelation#aa4' #aje ,univ]sally !n1 accord+ to ,/4 ,paul1 two s\rces ( ! k ( ,god exi/2 nature1 ) its evid5ces ( ! div9e p[] & o!r simil> attributes1 & consci5ce1 ) its witness to div9e righte\sness4 ,&1 ?\gh ! sci5ces ( nature & man h gr[n s9ce ,/4 ,paul's day pa/ recognition1 no?+ 7we may boldly say7 has really weak5$ ei!r elem5t ( ?is d\ble witness4 ,x is1 & rema9s true1 t ! only reasonable argum5t f ! univ]sal ord] ( nature is to a univ]sal reason or m9d3 & t ! me?od by :i* ! moral consci5ce may be believ$ to h develop$ out ( 'animal intellig5ce1' makes no diff]5ce z to ! cog5cy ( its witness to a div9e righte\sness1 9 response to :i* alone x c\ld h develop$ z 9 fact x has done4 ,x is wor? notice also be=e we leave ?is "p ( our subject1 t ,/4 ,paul's l9e ( ?\ght af=ds a true explanation ( ! d\ble fact t1 on ! "o h&1 ! actual moral /&>ds ) :i* ! consci5ce ( diff]5t individuals1 races1 & g5]ations is satisfi$1 greatly v>ies2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 t all ! /&>ds t5d t[>ds unity 9 a common idea ( righte\sness4 ,! t5d5cy t[>ds unity ,/4 ,paul w\ld attribute to ! div9e righte\sness #ajf :i* lies beh9d consci5ce & :i* x exi/s to reflect4 ,! v>iations w\ld be due to ! diff]5t degrees ( developm5t rea*$2 or /ill m to ! diff]5t degrees ( fai?fulness or unfai?fulness1 att5tion or inatt5tion1 ) :i* ! consci5ce ( ! race or ! individual has respond$ to ! light4 ,! consci5ce1 l ! speculative reason1 is an in/rum5t = com+ to ! tru?2 b an in/rum5t capable ( e v>iety ( racial or individual error or obtus5ess4 #c4 ,x appe>s cle>ly en\gh 9 ?is *apt]1 t ,/4 ,paul's doctr9es ( free grace & ju/ification by fai? mu/ be grossly & c>elessly misconceiv$ unless !y are view$ ^u a deep backgr\nd ( :at we commonly call 'natural religion1' t is 7practically7 ! religion t appeals /raight (f to ! consci5ce ( almo/ all hone/ & civiliz$ m54 ,x is 'natural religion' to believe t ,god w judge m5 ) absolute p[] & insight & imp>tiality accord+ to _! conduct & _! *>act]s3 t !re c be no 'mak+ believe1' no sub/itute = a good "*1 & no escap+ ) a bad "o4 ,! prophets are full ( ?is pr9ciple4 ,our ,"l reass]ts x4 ,x is emphasiz$ by ,/4 ,james1 ^: pla9 #ajg po9t is t we are ju/ifi$ n by "r belief 7:i* is :at he means by 'fai?'71 b by a good life4 ,b no "o c\ld ass]t ! pr9ciple m simply & absolutely z ! basis ( all 8 special evangelical tea*+ ?an ,/4 ,paul4 ,& :atev] is true ab\t free grace & ju/ification by fai? only1 is true because1 & only because1 ?is free grace & ?is ju/ify+ fai? are necess>y means or /eps t[>ds ! realization ( actual righte\sness4 ,s ,/4 ,paul /ates x--'t ! requirem5t ( ! 7div9e7 law might be fulfill$ 9 u :o walk#ab' accord+ to ! pr9ciples ( ! 'gospel ( ! grace ( ,god4' ,! doctr9e ( grace is root$ & bas$ ^u ! tru?s ( natural religion1 & leads up to _! realization4 ,x has be5 !n a mo/ p]il\s mi/ake :5 mission>ies h prea*$ ! doctr9es ( grace & r$emption 9 regions :]e !re _h be5 no prep>atory tra9+ 9 natural religion--9 ! tru? ( ! unity & p[] & moral "* ( ,god3 ( ! reality ( our responsibility t[>ds ,him3 ( ,8 inexorable hol9ess3 ( ,8 inaccessibility to any k9d ( bribe or attempt to f9d "s sub/itute = moral ob$i5ce4 ,m5 mu/ h kn[n :at #ajh x is to tremble 9 ! recesses ( _! be+ 'z guilty m5 surpris$' be=e ,god's awful righte\sness2 to 'tremble1' l ,felix1 at ! message ( 'righte\sness1 temp]ance1 & judgem5t to come1' be=e !y c safely le>n ! lesson ( ,8 grace & p>don4 ,& !re are two m9or elem5ts 9 natural religion1 z commonly und]/ood1 = :i* ,/4 ,paul "h makes himself responsible4 ,x has be5 g5]ally und]/ood t all m5 in/9ctively desire _! own happ9ess1 & t ?is is natural & "r2 & t z we %\ld reasonably pref] our m p]man5t & deep] good to :at is only transitory & sup]ficial1 s we %\ld /rive = ! happ9ess & satisfaction :i* is et]nal--! et]nal rew>d1 :i* only ! /]n pursuit ( virtue c obta9 = u4 ,?is deep desire = our own sub/antial happ9ess our ,"l sanctions & cont9ually sugge/s z a pr9cipal motive = "r liv+4 ,! love ( o!rs does n annihilate x4 ',?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself4' ,s !n ,/4 ,paul also1 foll[+ 8 ,ma/]1 recognizes x z ly+ at ! he>t ( :at is "r & true 9 mank9d1 t we %\ld 'seek' = ourselves 'glory1 hon\r1 & incorruption'--! glory & hon\r :i* abide #aji et]nally4 ,x is pla9 t he w\ld h u pay no he$ to t truly unnatural mod]n altruism :i* w\ld disp>age & depreciate ?is motive ( a "r self-love1 & :i* w\ld treat ! desire = et]nal happ9ess1 & fe> ( et]nal loss1 z a base & unwor?y elem5t 9 religion4 ,no d\bt x is n ! only motive4 ,x is n ev5 ! *>act]i/ically ,*ri/ian motive4 ,b x is a natural & legitimate motive all ! same4 ,x is an inext+ui%able consci\sness 9 u t we 7 meant = bless$ness4 ,b1 once m1 ! only true happ9ess is moral happ9ess3 x is a 'glory & hon\r' spr++ out ( ! man's "* & belong+ to x3 x is a happ9ess t is 9 ?is s5se des]v$4 ,true1 ! s]vant ( ,god 9 heav5 w always feel t :at he is receiv+ is inf9itely beyond 8 des]ts1 & t 8 des]ts are :at ,god has wr\ght 9 him1 n he himself4 ,none ! less ! rew>d spr+s out ( & belongs to :at ,god has actually made him to be4 ,heav5 is n a happy place 9 su* a s5se t we c\ld be made happy by be+ 'put !re' by an arbitr>y fiat ( ,god4 ,x is fell[%ip ) ,god1 ! ,all-holy2 & ,god's hol9ess is intol]able1 x is 'dev\r+ fire & #aaj ev]la/+ burn+s1' to ^? :o are n morally l ,him4 ,"h lies ! reason :y a heav5 is n possible to moral be+s )\t ! accompany+ possibilities ( a hell4 ,= ! moral possibility ( acquir+ ! holy "* involves ! opposite moral possibility3 & x does n lie 9 ! moral nature ( ?+s t ! bad "* %\ld receive any?+ except :at x des]ves--! 'indignation & wra?' :i* ,god1 because ,he is ,god1 mu/ express t[>ds ! s9ful1 wilful "*1 & :i* to ! "* itself means 'tribulation & angui%4' ,?is1 ,/4 ,paul says positively1 mu/ be ! lot ( 'e s\l ( man t doe? evil4' ,x is ?is inevitably two-sid$ law t a l>ge "p ( ! k9dly-dispos$ _w to-day are try+ to get rid (1 or to =get1 on its sev]e & d>k side4 ,b x is 9 fact a law t works ev5 m necess>ily & inexorably ?an physical laws1 inasmu* z x is ! expression ( ,god's necess>y moral be+4 ,god _c 'let u (f' ! puni%m5t ( our s9s1 :i* is only _! inevitable fruit4 ,nor does ,he disclose to u any necess>y limit to ! ru9 :i* we may "w 9 our be+4 ,?is /]n pr9ciple ( natural religion is tak5 up into1 & inde$ int5sifi$ 91 ! gospel4 #aaa ,/4 ,paul1 h[ev]1 nei!r "h nor else:]e uses 'immortality' to describe ! future /ate ( ^? :om ,god condemns4 ,he uses x only ( ,god & ( ^? :o enjoy ! vision ( ,god4 ,! 'immortality ( ! s\l'--! idea t e s\l z su* necess>ily & consci\sly exi/s to all et]nity--is an idea :i* ! language ( ,scripture does n seem to w>rant4 #d4 ,!re are also two less prom95t po9ts 9 ! second *apt] t we mu/ n entirely pass ov]4 ,/4 ,paul1 we %\ld f9d1 if we 7 to inve/igate ! matt]1 is :olly true 9 8 int]pretation ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 9 g5]al4 ,he int]prets its _s & mean+ ) p]fect insight4 ,b he is n always :at we %\ld call critically exact1 any m ?an ! o!r int]pret]s ( 8 day1 9 8 use ( p>ticul> texts4 ,?us1 9 ?is *apt] he gives to "s words ( ,isaiah#ac a mean+ :i* is inde$ to be f\nd else:]e 9 ! prophets#ad1 b does n really belong to ! orig9al ( ?is p>ticul> passage4 ,isaiah is say+ t ,god's "n is be+ blasphem$ by ! oppressors ( #aab ,israel--',cont9ually all day long my "n is blasphem$4' ,b ! ,greek v]sion ( ! ,bible ins]t$ ! words '?r\gh y' 7! ,jews#ae72 & ,/4 ,paul int]prets ?is ins]tion to mean t x 0 ! moral inconsi/5cy ( ! *os5 p !mselves :i* caus$ ,god's "n to be blasphem$4 ,p]haps ! fact t he uses ! =mula ( quotation 'z x is writt5' aft] ! words ref]r$ to1 is a sign t he _h employ$ ! words 9 8 own s5se be=e he became consci\s t !y 7 9 fact a quotation4 ,b 9 any case he %[s no anxiety to foll[ critically ! orig9al mean+ ( a p>ticul> passage :i* he cites4 ,at ! end ( ?is passage occurs ! anti!sis famili> 9 mod]n language ( '! lett] & ! _s4' ,9 its mod]n s5se x is us$ z equival5t to ! lit]al & ! metaphorical1 or ! def9ite & ! vague4 ,b ?is is n at all its s5se 9 ,/4 ,paul4 ,) him '! lett]' means ! writt5 law1 & '_s' means1 9 ?is connexion1 :at we may broadly describe z vital moral en]gy4 ,?us1 #aac 9 its mo/ *>act]i/ic use ) ,/4 ,paul1 ! anti!sis di/+ui%es ! m]e ext]nal in=mation z to ,god's w1 :i* 0 all ! writt5 law 7'! lett]'7 c\ld give ! ,jews1 f ! activity ( ! ,holy ,_s or ! spiritual p[] ( moral fre$om :i*1 ?r\gh ! gifts ( ! ,holy ,_s1 we enjoy "u ! gospel4 ,9 ?is passage ! anti!sis is simil>1 b n ! same4 ,x contra/s ! m]ely physical /ate ( circumcision accord+ to ! writt5 law--') ! lett] & circumcision' means 'hav+ ! writt5 law & be+ accord+ly circumcis$'--) :at ! ,old ,te/am5t _h call$ '! circumcis$ he>t1' i4e4 ! really ob$i5t w or '_s' :i* may exi/ indep5d5tly ( ! outw>d rite4 ',_s1' we obs]ve1 may ref] to ! activity ( ei!r ! ,holy ,_s ( ,god1 or ( ! human w1 or ( bo? )\t discrim9ation4 #a ,cf4 ,eccles4 viii4 #aa3 ',because s5t5ce aga9/ an evil "w is n execut$ spe$ily1 !re=e ! he>t ( ! sons ( m5 is embold5$ to d evil4' ,ps4 x4 #aa3 ',he sai? 9 8 he>t1 ,god ha? =gott54' ,wisd4 xi4 #bc3 ',?\ ov]looke/ ! s9s ( m5 to ! end !y may rep5t4' ,ecclus4 v4 #d3 ',say n1 ,i s9n$1 & :at happ5$ unto me8 ,= ! ,"l is longsuff]+4' #b ,pet4 iii4 #i3 ',! ,"l is n slack conc]n+ 8 promise1 z "s c\nt slackness2 b is longsuff]+ to y\w>d1 n wi%+ t any %\ld p]i%1 b t all %\ld come to rep5tance4' ,cf4 also ,isa4 lvii4 #aa4 #b ,or r '_! own consci5ce be>+ witness ) !m &1 9 _! mutual relations1 _! reflections accus+ or ev5 excus+ !m4' #c ,x is c]ta9ly misplac$ z x /&s 7,john vii4 #ec-viii4 #aa74 #d ,m>k xii4 #dj2 ,luke xx4 #dg2 ,matt4 xxiii4 #be4 #e ,cf4 ,s4 & ,h4 9 loc4 #f ,see = ,s5eca1 ,lightfoot1 ,philippians1 ',/4 ,paul & ,s5eca1' pp4 #bgh-bhj4 #g ,see ,pseudo-,h]acleitus1 ,lett] ix1 p4 #ia 7,b]nays74 #h ,acts xvii4 #bh4 #i ,see ,rom4 i4 #cb z well z ,rom4 ii4 #ad4 #aj ',consci5ce1' z us$ by ,/4 ,paul's contempor>ies & by himself1 is n a repository = positive moral guidance1 b r a faculty = reflect+ ^u our own already accompli%$ actions4 ,see fur!r1 app4 note ,b1 on ! idea ( consci5ce4 #aa ,see on ?is subject ,life & ,lett]s ( ,dr4 ,hort 7,macmillan71 vol4 ii4 p4 #ccg3 ',fai? itself1 n be+ an intellectual ass5t to propositions1 b an attitude ( he>t & m9d1 is pres5t 9 a m or less rudim5t>y /ate 9 e upw>d ef=t or aspiration ( man4' ,also ,gibson1 ,?irty-,n9e ,articles 7,me?u571 ii4 p4 #dbj4 #ab ,rom4 viii4 #d4 #ac ,isa4 lii4 #e4 #ad ,see 9 ,ezek4 xxxvi4 #bb3 ',my holy "n1 :i* ye h pr(an$ among ! nations1 :i!r ye w5t4' #ae ,dr4 ,gif=d sugge/s t ! ,,lxx 0 subsequ5tly modifi$ by ,/4 ,paul's citation 7z 9 ! next *apt]1 iii4 #aj-ah71 in/ead ( 8 citation be+ m\ld$ by ! ,,lxx4 ,is !re any evid5ce 9 support ( ?is view8 #aad ,,division ,i4 #c4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 #a-h4 ,jewi% objections4 ,?is passage is int]e/+ z %[+ u1 :at is m (t5 ! case ?an appe>s on ! surface1 t ,/4 ,paul has 9 m9d z he reasons ! famili> objections ( an oppon5t--8 own objections1 p]haps 9 "p1 be=e he 0 a ,*ri/ian4 ,/4 ,paul1 t is to say1 v frequ5tly writes controv]sially1 & argues ad hom9em3 & 8 own reason+ is only rightly und]/ood :5 we h cle>ly 9 view :at he is oppos+4 ,x ( c\rse v frequ5tly happ5s 9 lit]ature g5]ally t a say+ is completely misund]/ood1 because t ) :i* x is contra/$ is ov]look$4 ,?us1 ,john ! ,bapti/'s advice to ! soldi]s to 'be cont5t ) _! wages' is commonly int]pret$ to mean--',be satisfi$ ) y\r wages #aae z !y are1 & d n ask = m4' ,?is might h be5 good advice or bad advice to give to ! soldi]s1 b x is n ,john ! ,bapti/'s4 ,he means1 ',be satisfi$ ) y\r pay & d n supplem5t x by robb]y & unau?oriz$ exaction4' ,"h !n ! impli$ contra/ is necess>y to enable u to int]pret aright ! positive advice4 ,simil>ly 9 ! case ( ,/4 ,paul1 8 doctr9e ( ! absolut5ess ( ! div9e election1 z /at$ lat] 9 ?is epi/le#a1 has be5 misund]/ood1 because x has be5 suppos$ t he is ass]t+ ! div9e absolut5ess z aga9/ ! claim ( man to moral fre$om1 & to equitable judgem5t 9 accordance ) responsibility4 ,b 9 fact ?is is :at he is indirectly v9dicat+4 ,:at he is argu+ aga9/ is ! claim ( ! ,jews t ,god 0 b\nd to _! race4 ,x is aga9/ ?is claim--?is immoral claim to p]petual privilege on ! "p ( "o race1 h[ev] !y might behave--t ,/4 ,paul exalts ! absolute fre$om ( ,god to *oose or reject z ,he sees fit4 ,x is ( great importance !n1 especially ) a writ] s frequ5tly controv]sial z ,/4 ,paul1 to wat* cont9ually to see :i* is ! phase ( ?\ght or feel+ t #aaf he is oppos+4 ,frequ5tly1 z ,i say1 x h>dly appe>s on ! surface ( ,/4 ,paul's writ+ t he really has a def9ite oppon5t 9 view4 ,sometimes1 z 9 ! passage n[ to be consid]$1 x becomes app>5t1 & ! argum5t is be/ exhibit$ 9 ! =m ( a dialogue 7?\gh to let ! dialogue appe> cle>ly1 miss+ l9ks h to be suppli$7 ?us-- ,jewi% ,objector4 ,b if all ?is is true--if ,jews are no bett] (f ?an ,g5tiles--( :at use is x to be a ,jew8 ,:at is ! value ( our circumcision & ! position into :i* x initiates u8 7v]4 #a7 ,/4 ,paul4 ,its value is manifold4 ,to take "o po9t fir/#b1 x lies 9 ! fact t ! oracles ( ,god--,8 tea*+ & promises--7 entru/$ to our race 7v]4 #b74 ,j4 ,o4 ,b if ,god ?us ( old gave special promises to u z ,8 special p1 & if n[ we are simply l ! hea!n "u ,8 wra?1 ! conclusion is t ,he has be5 false to ,8 promises 7argum5t impli$ 9 v]4 #c74 ,s4 ,p4 ,no3 t is n to be ?\ght (4 ,x is n ,god :o has play$ false1 x is man3 x is our race4 ,! ,jews refus$ to believe3 n h[ev] all ( !m1 b "s4 ,if !re is #aag a trial betwe5 ,god & ,8 p z to :i* has be5 true1 x is ,god :o mu/ be v9dicat$ z ! ,psalmi/ says#c 7v]s4 #c1 #d74 ,j4 ,o4 ,b if1 z y\r tea*+ proves1 all our unrighte\sness is made to s]ve z a backgr\nd on :i* ,god makes ,8 righte\sness all ! m evid5t--t is en\gh4 ,our wrong-do+ s]ves its purpose 9 ?is way4 ,god has no "r bo? to use our wrong-do+ = ,8 own purposes1 & !n1 besides ?is1 to visit ,8 wra? ^u u 7v]4 #e;a74 ,s4 ,p4 ,su* ?\ghts our human nature sugge/s 7v]4 #e;b74 ,b we "k !y are false4 ,god is ! judge ( ! _w1 & ,8 action necess>ily supplies ! /&>d ( all judicial righte\sness 7v]4 #f74 ,j4 ,o4 ,b d consid] my po9t4 ,if ! result ( my play+ false to ,god is t ,8 fidelity is only ?r[n into high] relief & ! :ole process m9i/]s to ,8 glory1 :y am ,i1 ! unconsci\s in/rum5t ( ,8 glory1 treat$ z an (f5d]8 & :y %\ld ,i n resolve to g on freely do+ wrong 7z y y\rself are sometimes accus$ ( tea*+71 s z to give ,god m abundant opportunities to ov]rule my action = ! great] good8 7v]s4 #g1 #h;a47 #aah ,s4 ,p4 ,a man /&s ju/ly condemn$ 9 ! v us+ ( su* an argum5t 7v]4 #h;b74 ,:at advantage !n ha? ! ,jew8 or :at is ! pr(it ( circumcision8 ,mu* e way3 fir/ ( all1 t !y 7 intru/$ ) ! oracles ( ,god4 ,= :at if "s 7 )\t fai?8 %all _! want ( fai? make ( none effect ! fai?fulness ( ,god8 ,god =bid3 yea1 let ,god be f\nd true1 b e man a li>2 z x is writt51 ,t ?\ mighte/ be ju/ifi$ 9 ?y words1 ,& mighte/ prevail :5 ?\ come/ into judgem5t4 ,b if our unrighte\sness comm5de? ! righte\sness ( ,god1 :at %all we say8 ,is ,god unrighte\s :o visite? ) wra?8 7,i speak aft] ! mann] ( m547 ,god =bid3 = !n h[ %all ,god judge ! _w8 ,b if ! tru? ( ,god ?r\gh my lie ab\nd$ unto 8 glory1 :y am ,i also /ill judg$ z a s9n]8 & :y n 7z we be sl&]\sly report$1 & z "s affirm t we say71 ,let u d evil1 t good may come8 ^: condemnation is j4 ,:at is ( int]e/ "h is to notice t ,/4 ,paul reproduces ! argum5t ( 8 ,jewi% oppon5t ) great sympa!tic =ce4 ,x _h cle>ly be5 weigh$ 9 8 own m9d4 ,x 0 urg$1 no d\bt1 aga9/ 8 own tea*+1 t x gave an excuse = s9n+ by sugge/+ t ! greatness ( ! s9 only glorifi$ ! sup]-abundant greatness ( ! p>don+ love4 ,x is only too probable t "s ( 8 foll[]s 7 p]suad$ by "s su* argum5t or act$ z #aai if !y 74 ,?us ,/4 ,paul /ates x ) vig\r1 b !reby only makes all ! m app>5t ! meagr5ess ( 8 reply4 ,n t ! argum5t is su* z makes reply difficult4 ,9 a slightly diff]5t =m ,/4 ,paul deals ) x elaborately 9 *apt]s ix-xi4 ,b "h he cle>ly treats x z contemptible :5 its true "* has once be5 disclos$4 ,& :y8 ,because x is pr(ess$ly an explanation ( ! ways ( ,god ) man1 :i* is at ! same "t an excuse = immorality4 ,x is an intellectual ex]cise at ! exp5se ( consci5ce4 ,& ,/4 ,paul %[s1 by ! v contempt ) :i* he treats x1 t a man :o w play false ) 8 consci5ce1 & !n proce$ to f9d intellectual ju/ifications1 is n to be met 9 ! intellectual region at all4 ,he has be5 condemn$ already4 ,/4 ,paul !n1 we f9d1 w n argue ) "o :o reasons at ! exp5se ( 8 consci5ce2 & ?is is an important pr9ciple4 ,:5 ! intellect is act+ purely1 x mu/ be free1 & mu/ be dealt ) s]i\sly on its own gr\nd4 ,b ! consci5ce mu/ be foll[$ fir/ ( all4 ,its light is cle>] ?an ! light ( intellect1 & mu/ be left supreme4 ,:atev] be ! bewild]m5t ( my intellect1 ,i am self-condemn$1 #abj ,god-condemn$1 if ,i play false to ! moral light4 ,& argum5ts to ! contr>y1 h[ev] clev]-s\nd+ or philosophical1 are 9 fact sophi/ry4 ,!re is1 we mu/ confess1 a good deal ( su* sophi/ry to-day 9 ! use ( argum5ts drawn f ! curr5t philosophy ( necessit>ianism & ! idea ( h]$ity4 #a ,*apt]s ix-xi4 #b ,! po9ts are resum$ 9 ix4 #a4 #c ,ps4 xxxii4 #aba ,,division ,i4 #d4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 #i-bj4 ,s9 & condemnation univ]sal4 ,at ?is po9t ! direct argum5t ) an oppon5t is dropp$2 & ,/4 ,paul re/ates :at he has s f> be5 occupi$ 9 prov+4 ,x is n t ,jews are 9 a worse position ?an ,g5tiles4 ,x is t all toge!r are involv$ 9 ! same moral failure4 ,to deep5 ! impression t ?is is a true /atem5t1 ,/4 ,paul culls f v>i\s psalms & f ,isaiah a s]ies ( passages describ+ a g5]al /ate ( depravity1 moral bl9dness1 apa?y1 failure1 unpr(itabl5ess1 falsity1 hatr$1 & outrage aga9/ ,god & man4 ,^! utt]ances ( ! book ( '! law' 7"h us$ = ! ,old ,te/am5t scriptures g5]ally7 are meant = ^? fir/ to :om ?is law belong$4 ,!y condemn ,jews z well z ,g5tiles4 ,!y %[ all equally to be "u #abb div9e judgem5t4 ,!y prove t if ! writt5 law c\ld tea* m5 ,god's w1 x c\ld n1 by ! works t x enjo9$1 enable him to satisfy ,god4 ,x _h its function only 9 tea*+ him to "k 8 s9fulness by contra/ to 8 pla9ly decl>$ duty4 ,! conclusion is !n t all m51 ,jews & ,g5tiles alike1 are involv$ 9 s91 are "u ! wra? ( a holy ,god1 & are 9 utt] ne$ ( a deliv]ance :i* !y are incapable ( procur+ = !mselves4 ,:at !n8 are we 9 worse case ?an !y8 ,no1 9 no wise3 = we be=e laid to ! *>ge bo? ( ,jews & ,greeks1 t !y are all "u s92 z x is writt51 ,!re is none righte\s1 no1 n "o2 ,!re is none t und]/&e?1 ,!re is none t seeke? aft] ,god2 ,!y h all turn$ aside1 !y are toge!r become unpr(itable2 ,!re is none t doe? good1 no1 n s mu* z "o3 ,_! ?roat is an op5 sepul*re2 ,) _! tongues !y h us$ deceit3 ,! poison ( asps is "u _! lips3 ,^: m\? is full ( curs+ & bitt]ness3 ,_! feet are swift to %$ blood2 ,de/ruction & mis]y are 9 _! ways2 ,& ! way ( peace h !y n kn[n3 ,!re is no fe> ( ,god be=e _! eyes4 ,n[ we "k t :at ?+s soev] ! law sai?1 x speake? to !m t are "u ! law2 t e #abc m\? may be /opp$1 & all ! _w may be br\ght "u ! judgem5t ( ,god3 because by ! works ( ! law %all no fle% be ju/ifi$ 9 8 sight3 = ?r\gh ! law come? ! k ( s94 #a4 ,! ',scripture pro(' :i* ,/4 ,paul "h (f]s ( univ]sal human corruption is1 accord+ to a recogniz$ ,hebrew practice1 made up by /r++ toge!r a numb] ( sep>ate texts1--,ps4 xiv4 #a-c1 v4 #i1 cxl4 #c1 x4 #g1 ,isa4 lix4 #g1 #h1 ,ps4 xxxvi4 #a4 ,!y repres5t ! impression made by human wick$ness ^u ! righte\s obs]v]4 ,! e/imate cov]s ,israel z well z1 indirectly1 ! _w at l>ge#a4 ,x is ?us an au?oritative rebuke to ,jewi% self-complac5cy4 ,x is z if an ,engli% prea*] 7 to rebuke simil> self-complac5cy 9 ,engli%m5 by a collection ( passages f /&>d ,engli% au?orities1 9 :i* our nation 0 judg$1 9 common ) o!rs1 9 a mann] mo/ humiliat+ to its pride4 ,x is ?is1 ?\gh1 inasmu* z ! psalmi/s & prophets 7 & are believ$ to h spok5 "u ! inspiration ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 x is also some?+ m4 ,x is well kn[n t1 z ! quotations 9 #abd ! ,new ,te/am5t h frequ5tly affect$ ! ,greek text ( ! ,old1 s "h ?is conglom]ate ( quotations came to be atta*$ altoge!r to ,ps4 xiv 9 "s ,greek ,,mss41 increas+ x by f\r v]ses4 ,!nce !y pass$ into ! lat] ,lat9 ,vulgate4 ,!nce into ,cov]dale's ,bible & into ! ,great ,bible1 & s into ! ,pray] ,book v]sion ( ! ,psalms4 ,b our pres5t ,bible v]sion rema9s true to ! ,hebrew orig9al4 #b4 ',to be ju/ifi$1' 9 v]4 #bj1 means to be acquitt$1 or prov$ righte\s1 or reckon$ righte\s 9 ! trial be=e ,god4 ,?is1 & n to make righte\s1 is ! mean+ ( ! ^w 'to ju/ify1' bo? 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t & else:]e4 ,!re is sc>cely an exception4 ,x is a =5sic ^w1 t is1 a ^w d]iv$ f processes ( law1 & x describes ! fav\rable v]dict aft] a trial4 ,x is us$ ( v9dicat+ ,god's "* to ,8 p#b1 or ( v9dicat+ "o's own "*2 ( ,god's judicial acceptance ( m5 or m5's judicial acceptance ( "o ano!r#c4 ,& s f> z real righte\sness is necess>y = judicial #abe acquittal1 ! ^w implies real righte\sness1 b x does n prim>ily mean x4 #c4 ,"h we f9d briefly /at$ ,/4 ,paul's app>5tly :olly orig9al view ( '! law1' z giv5 simply to enlight5 ! consci5ce by keep+ m5 in=m$ z to _! duty1 )\t supply+ !m ) any moral assi/ance 9 p]=m+ x4 ,?us ! ultimate aim ( ! law 0 to make man "k 8 own s9fulness2 to conv9ce him t 8 attempt$ indep5d5ce 0 a failure1 & t he c\ld n save himself2 & s to prep>e him to cry out = ! gift ( grace1 & to welcome x :5 x 0 giv54 ',! law 0 giv51' z ,/4 ,augu/9e is fond ( say+1 't grace might be s\ght1 & grace 0 giv5 t ! law might be kept4' ,?is anti!sis is ?or\ghly aft] ,/4 ,paul's m9d4 ,?is fir/ division ( our epi/le gives u z a :ole a great deal to ?9k ab\t4 ,!re are1 we may say1 two spiritual evils conspicu\s to-day4 ,p ) consci5ces 9 any degree awak5$ are apt to be n]v\s1 anxi\s1 despond5t1 compla9+1 sull54 ,! second division ( our epi/le supplies ! antidote to ?is error by consolidat+ ! awak5$ consci5ce 9 div9e peace4 ,b !re is ano!r1 #abf & p]haps m conspicu\s1 spiritual evil ( our day :i* ?is fir/ division is calculat$ to meet--! habit ( excus+ oneself--! abs5ce ( ! s5se ( s94 ,hold ?\ ! good3 def9e x well3 ,= fe> div9e philosophy ,%\ld pu% beyond h] m>k1 & be ,procuress to ! lords ( hell4 ,because philosophy & sci5ce h be5 br++ into prom95ce ! influ5ce ( h]$ity & physical environm5t on "*1 we use ?is consid]ation1 & (t5 ) little en\gh k ( real sci5ce1 to oblit]ate ! s5se ( s94 ,we are apt to reg>d s9 z x appe>s 9 ! _w at l>ge z a result ( ignorance1 or social conditions--z 9 "o way or ano!r a =m ( mis=tune4 ,& s view+ x 9 ! _w1 we view x 9 ourselves4 ,we make excuses = ourselves4 ,we h l>gely lo/ ! s5se t s9 is wilfulness2 t x is an inexcusable (f5ce aga9/ ,god2 t x does1 & necess>ily does1 br+ u "u ,god's indignation2 t necess>ily1 because ,god is :at ,he is1 ! consequ5ces ( s9 9 ?is life1 & mu* m beyond ?is life1 are inconceivably t]rible4 ,x is ?is s5se ( s9 t ,/4 ,paul mu/ help to re/ore 9 u4 ,we mu/ believe #abg t ,god is holy1 & we mu/ le>n to tremble "u ,8 necess>y hol9ess1 be=e we c 9 any "r s5se realize t ,he is lov+4 ,we mu/ le>n once aga9 to be really p5it5t2 to confess our s9s 9 g5]al & 9 p>ticul> ) utt] humiliation2 to expect ! div9e judgem5t ^u !m2 to use ) reality ! /]n language ab\t s9 ( ! ,bible & ! ,pray] ,book4 ,& le>n+ ?is = ourselves ) reg>d to our own p]sonal s9s1 we mu/ le>n also to feel1 l ,daniel1 :at our *ur* & nation des]ve 9 ,god's sight4 ,we mu/ confess our own s9s & ! s9s ( *ur* & nation#d--;aye1 ( ! human race4 ,only ?r\gh su* a re/oration ( evangelical sev]ity c !re be a re/oration ( evangelical joy4 ,! deep5$ s5se ( p]sonal s9 is ! ne$ful /ep to spiritual progress4 ,c]ta9ly no m 9 our case ?an 9 t ( ! ,jews w or?odoxy1 or ritual accuracy1 or frequ5t s]vices1 or sup]ior education1 or philan?ropic zeal1 be accept$ z a sub/itute = moral sev]ity1 = ! _s ( p5it5ce & ! read9ess = p5ance4 ,let u judge ourselves1 bre?r51 t we be n judg$ ( ! ,"l4 ,& x is all-important :at our /&>d ( #abh judgem5t is4 ,! ,jews fail$ because !y judg$ !mselves by a ma9ly ext]nal & !re=e easy /&>d4 ,s d mo/ respectable ,engli%m54 ,we are satisfi$ if we d no?+ discr$itable4 ,b ! religi\s s5se ( s91 z x is exp]i5c$ by ! psalmi/s1 or ,/4 ,paul1 or ,lu!r1 or ,john ,keble1 arises f ! int5se p]ception ( a p]sonal relation to ! ,all-,holy4 ,! 'fall+ %ort1' or r 'exp]i5c$ ne$#e1' ( :i* ,/4 ,paul goes on to speak1 is ! exp]i5c$ ne$ ( some?+ v l(ty1 to :i* x is possible = m5 to be q ins5sible--'! glory ( ,god4' ,god's div9e brightness1 ! et]nal light1 /reams =? into nature4 ',! :ole e>? is full ( ,8 glory4' ,man also 9 8 natural & moral be+ is meant to h fell[%ip ) ,god4 ,he is meant = ! div9e glory also4 ,x is 9 proportion z he realizes :at he 0 meant =1 & becomes consci\s 9 himself ( a capacity = ,god1 t 8 pres5t actual pollution & s9fulness becomes a reality to 8 consci\sness4 ,x is 9 ! light ( ,god1 #abi & 9 aspiration aft] ! glory ( ,god1 t ! s5se ( s9 really awak5s4 ',?\ require/ tru? 9 ! inw>d p>ts1' says ! ,psalmi/4 ',aga9/ ,!e1 ,!e only1 h ,i s9n$4' ',if ?\1 ,"l1 %\ld/ be extreme to m>k :at is done amiss1 ,"l1 :o may abide x8'#f #a ,dr4 ,k+ 7,! ,psalms 9 ,?ree ,collections1 c43 ,cambridge1 #ahih7 has rem>k$ t ,ps4 xiv4 #a-c closely resembles ! g5]al condemnation ( 'all fle% ^u ! e>?' 9 ,g54 vi4 #e1 #ab4 #b ,cf4 above v]4 #d1 f ,ps4 xxxii4 #c ,see ,ps4 li4 #d2 ,job xxxii4 #b2 ,prov4 xvii4 #ae2 ,isa4 v4 #bc2 ,matt4 xi4 #ai2 ,luke vii4 #bi2 x4 #bi2 xvi4 #ae4 #d ,cf4 ,dan4 ix4 #d-bj4 #e ,! ^w = 'fall %ort' 9 v]4 #bc is a 'middle' v]b1 & app>5tly implies n only failure 9 po9t ( fact1 b consci\s failure4 ,?us 9 ,luke xv4 #ad1 ! prodigal son beg9s to feel 8 de/itution 7middle74 ,b 9 ,matt4 xix4 #bj1 ! ri* "y man asks1 ',:at1 z a matt] ( fact1 is want+ to me' 7active78 ,see ,gif=d1 or ,s4 & ,h4 9 loc4 #f ,cf4 app4 note ,c1 on rec5t reactions f ! tea*+ ab\t hell4 #acj ,,division ,,ii4 ,,*apt]s ,,iii4 #ba-;,,iv4 #be4 ,ju/ification by fai? only4 #a4 7,,iii4 #ba-ca47 ,*ri/ our propitiation4 ,n[ we h be5 br\ght to recognize ! true /ate ( ! case z betwe5 ourselves & ,god--! facts ab\t ourselves z we are 9 ,god's sight4 ,we 7 meant = fell[%ip 9 ! div9e glory4 ',! glory ( ,god1' says an old ,fa!r1 'is ! liv+ man3 ! life ( man is ! vision ( ,god4' ,b1 meant = fell[%ip 9 ! div9e glory1 we h fall5 %ort ( x & h come to appreciate our failure4 ,we h s9n$1 & t univ]sally & wilfully4 ,we are su* t ,god _c accept u z we are3 ! 'day ( ,8 appe>+' c\ld be = u b a 'day ( wra?4' ,& 9 ?is dire situation we are helpless4 ,we c supply no rem$y4 ',c ! ,e?iopian *ange 8 #aca sk91 or ! leop>d 8 spots8 ,!n may ye also d good t are accu/om$ to d evil#a4' ,b to ackn[l$ge ?is--to ab&on ! claim s de> to ! human he>t1 t we c be indep5d5t & manage our own life successfully3 to repudiate all our false pride1 & to come be=e ,god all ( u on ! same level1 confess+ our failure & our s9--?is is to let man's necessity be ,god's opportunity1 & to op5 ! flood-gates ( ! div9e righte\sness4 ,god is righte\s 9 all ! ri*e/ mean+ ( t ^w1 & t righte\sness ( ,8 ,he is n[ ext5d+ to u & giv+ u admittance into x4 ,& ?is ,he does purely & simply z ,8 gift4 ,on ,8 side x is pure & gratuit\s giv+1 on our side simple & unm]itori\s receiv+4 ,we contribute no?+4 ,no di/9ctions are admitt$ betwe5 ^? inside ! law & ^? outside x4 ,! gift is q ap>t f ! law1 ?\gh law & prophets bore witness to x4 ,no que/ions are admitt$ z to :at we h done or :at we h left undone4 ,purely & simply out ( ! fre$om ( ,8 love1 :o is our ,creator & our ,fa!r1 n[1 :5 a bitt] exp]i5ce has taught u aga9 our true attitude t[>ds ,him1 ,he (f]s u #acb admission into ,8 righte\sness1 all on ! same level1 if we w simply believe 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ ,8 ,son1 t is1 take ,him at ,8 ^w & believe ,8 promises 7v]s4 #ba-bd74 ,& :at is ?is (f]8 ,x is1 fir/ ( all1 :at befits ! captives ( s93 x is r$emption4 ,god1 :o ( old b\ght ,8 p out ( captivity 9 ,egypt1 )\t any co-op]ation ( !irs1 by a pure act ( ,8 p[]1 has n[ aga91 )\t any co-op]ation ( ours1 b by a manife/ation ?is "t ( self-sacrific+ love1 9 ! p]son ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 b\ght our fre$om f s94 ,& ?is r$emption ,he (f]s to u fir/ ( all 9 ! =m :i* befits s9n]s consci\s ( s9 & guilt1 z ! m]e gift ( =giv5ess1 ! m]e p[] to break ) ! pa/1 ! m]e "r to /& & face ! future ) a clean record4 ,= z ! braz5 s]p5t 0 lift$ up be=e ! eyes ( rebelli\s ,israel1 bitt5 ( ! fi]y s]p5ts1 & ^? :o look$ unto x liv$1 s ^u ! op5 /age ( hi/ory ,god set =? ,jesus ,*ri/ %$d+ ,8 life-blood--ob$i5t1 t is1 to ,god & righte\sness unto dea?1 ev5 ! dea? ( ! cross4 ,& ?is sacrificial %$d+ ( ! life-blood ( ! ,son ( ,god--to :i* we #acc contribut$ no?+#b--;is accept$ by ! ,fa!r z propitiatory1 t is1 z some?+ :i* enables ,him to %[ ,8 true "* ( righte\sness1 & to acquit or accept among ! righte\s1 irrespective ( :at he has done or be51 e "o :o has fai? 9 ,jesus 7v]s4 #bd-bf74 ,& :y 7we 9 our age are dispos$ to ask7 did n ,god simply decl>e ,8 =giv5ess8 :y ?is r\ndab\t me?od ( a propitiatory sacrifice8 ,x 0 7,/4 ,paul's language sugge/s7 to prove or v9dicate ,8 righte\sness1 :i* means bo? hol9ess & m]cy4 ,all ! long ages pa/ ( ! times ( ignorance1 ,god _h be5 'ov]look+' or 'pass+ ov]' s9s 9 ,8 =be>ance1 nev] 'suff]+ ,8 :ole displeasure to arise1' b all[+ all nations to walk 9 _! own ways & to f9d out _! own mi/akes & helplessness#c4 ,! result ( _! be+ ?us left to !mselves 0 t m5 did inde$ become consci\s ( _! mis]y #acd & ne$1 b also came to ent]ta9 all sorts ( slack or unwor?y ideas ab\t ,god4 ,a m]e decl>ation ( =giv5ess might h left m5 ) an impression ( an easy-go+ or 'good-natur$' ,god :o w\ld make light ( s94 ,b ! awful burd5 laid ^u ,jesus on acc\nt ( human s91 ! awful sacrifice ( ,8 life :i* ,he readily (f]$1 re/ores ! /]n] elem5t to our ?\ghts ab\t ,god1 j at t crisis or opportunity 9 ! div9e deal+s1 :5 by ,god's decl>ation ( free =giv5ess we are made to feel ,8 love4 ,god does =give u1 b x co/s ,him mu*4 ,& no "o :o "u ^! conditions comes & takes at ! h& ( ,jesus ! gift ( p>don c fail to receive ) x ! awful impression ( ! div9e hol9ess & ( ! sev]ity ( ! div9e requirem5ts4 ,all ! =m] 'pass+ ov] ( ! s9s done a=etime' 0 made morally possible because ,god _h 9 view t 'n[ at ! pres5t season1' or opportunity1 ,he w\ld '%[1' or prove1 ,8 :ole righte\sness1 & be be=e m5's eyes ! righte\s be+ t ,he is 9 fact 7righte\s r ?an m]ely 'j'72 & be able1 )\t ! dang] ( a great misund]/&+1 to give ,8 righte\sness full scope by admitt+ into #ace x1 by a pure act ( p>don1 e "o :o comes simply tak+ ,jesus at ,8 ^w#d4 ,"h !n !re is no room = pride or glory+4 ,x is utt]ly exclud$ because !re is "h no consid]ation ( human m]it4 ,x is a pure & unm]it$ boon ( ! div9e b\nty be/[$1 )\t ref]5ce to any law kn[n or obs]v$1 simply on ^? :o1 utt]ly confess+ _! ne$1 accept 9 fai? ! (f] ( love4 ,aga9 !re is no ref]5ce to any *os5 race4 ,jew & ,g5tile1 circumcision & uncircumcision1 are all 9 ! same case4 ,all h ! same ne$4 ,god is ! same1 ) ! same (f]1 = all alike4 ,he w accept ! ,jew because he believes1 & ,he w accept ! ,g5tile ) no o!r equipm5t b 8 fai?4 ,yet ?is pr9ciple ( fai? involves no repudiation ( ! pr9ciple ( law2 r1 x realizes ! v end :i* law 0 int5d$ to s]ve 7v]s4 #bg-ca74 ,b n[ ap>t f ! law a righte\sness ( ,god ha? be5 manife/$1 be+ witness$ by ! law & ! prophets2 ev5 ! righte\sness ( ,god ?r\gh fai? 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ unto all !m t believe2 = !re #acf is no di/9ction2 = all h s9n$1 & fall %ort ( ! glory ( ,god2 be+ ju/ifi$ freely by 8 grace ?r\gh ! r$emption t is 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus3 :om ,god set =? to be a propitiation1 ?r\gh fai?1 by 8 blood1 to %ew 8 righte\sness1 because ( ! pass+ ov] ( ! s9s done a=etime1 9 ! =be>ance ( ,god2 = ! %ew+1 ,i say1 ( 8 righte\sness at ?is pres5t season3 t he might himself be j1 & ! ju/ifi] ( him t ha? fai? 9 ,jesus4 ,:]e !n is ! glory+8 ,x is exclud$4 ,by :at mann] ( law8 ( works8 ,nay3 b by a law ( fai?4 ,we reckon !re=e t a man is ju/ifi$ by fai? ap>t f ! works ( ! law4 ,or is ,god ! ,god ( ,jews only8 is he n ! ,god ( ,g5tiles also8 ,yea1 ( ,g5tiles also3 if s be t ,god is "o1 & he %all ju/ify ! circumcision by fai?1 & ! uncircumcision ?r\gh fai?4 ,d we !n make ! law ( none effect ?r\gh fai?8 ,god =bid3 nay1 we e/abli% ! law4 i4 ,= our und]/&+ ( ?is fam\s passage a good deal dep5ds on our fix+1 z exactly z possible1 :at ! 'righte\sness ( ,god' "h spok5 ( means4 ,beyond all "q x means 9 "p ,god's own moral "*4 ,?is is q c]ta91 z 9 ! ,bible g5]ally1 s 9 ?is v *apt]#e4 ,b x is also c]ta9 t ,god's "* is1 especially 9 ?is epi/le1 view$ z reveal$ to u 9 su* a s5se t we c take hold ( x & become id5tifi$ ) x4 #acg ,?us 7especially 9 i4 #ag7 human fai? is spok5 ( z ! />t+-po9t or region = reveal+ div9e righte\sness4 ,x ext5ds to & embraces ! believ]s#f4 ,x is a righte\sness communicat$ to u f ,god on ! basis ( fai?#g4 ,! 'righte\sness ( ,god' is :at we m5 are to become#h4 ,?is transition ( mean+ f :at ,god is 9 ,himself to :at we are by ! gift ( ,god is ( c\rse ?or\ghly natural4 ,! gr& idea ( ! ,bible is t ( a moral fell[%ip betwe5 man & ,god4 ,! gr& idea ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is1 fur!r1 t ( a disclosure & communication to u ( ! div9e life4 ,& :at is ?is moral quality describ$ by 'righte\sness' :i* belongs to ,god & is communicat$ to u8 ,righte\sness is a t]m belong+ prim>ily to man4 ,a righte\s man1 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 is "o :o fulfils all t is expect$ ( him1 "o :o is blameless--t[>ds man1 b especially t[>ds ,god4 ,b if ,god expects su* & su* conduct 9 m5 x is because ( :at ,he ,himself is4 ,8 requirem5ts express ,8 "*4 ,god ,himself !re=e is believ$ to be righte\s1 incorruptibly & awfully righte\s4 ,b a great #ach /ra9 is put ^u ?is belief 9 ! 'wild & irregul> sc5e' ( ?is _w1 ! ,gov]nor ( :i* appe>s s (t5 indiff]5t to ! suff]+s ( ,8 mo/ fai?ful s]vants4 ,?us ! righte\s cry out to ,god to v9dicate ,himself1 & ,god's righte\sness is1 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 l>gely id5tifi$ ) ,god's v9dication ( ,8 own "* by righte\s acts or judgem5ts accompli%$ 9 ! pa/ or expect$ 9 ! future2 acts ( su* a "* z t 9 !m ! wick$ & insol5t are put to confusion1 & ! meek & holy ju/ifi$ & exalt$4 ,su* righte\s judgem5t is expect$ to *>act]ize ! k+dom ( ! ,*ri/4 ,( c\rse1 9 ! g5]al l[]+ ( moral ideals among ! ,ph>isaic ,jews1 ! idea ( righte\sness suff]$ ) all else4 ,! righte\s came to mean ^? :o /rictly keep ! outw>d ,jewi% law2 & ,god's righte\sness 0 id5tifi$ ) ,8 expect$ v9dication ( ^? :o keep ! law1 i4e4 ! pi\s ,jew1 at ! com+ ( ! ,messiah#i4 ,our ,"l1 & ,8 disciples aft] ,him1 7 engag$ 9 no?+ s mu* z 9 deep5+ ! idea ( righte\sness aga94 ,especially x is some?+ mu* m ?an ! m]e obs]vance ( outw>d ord9ances4 #aci ,x 01 9 fact1 ! fundam5tal error ( ! ,jews to confuse ! two4 ,righte\sness 9 man mu/ be real lik5ess to ,god1 & ,god's righte\sness is ,8 holy "* :i* ,he is n[ once m manife/+ 9 ! gospel ( ,8 ,son2 a "* :i* is /ill %[n 9 acts ( ju/ice#aj1 9 puni%+ ! wick$ & rew>d+ ! righte\s1 b :i* manife/s itself also m especially z love1 & by graci\s promises ( =giv5ess & acceptance#aa4 ,?us1 9 ,rom4 i4 #ag1 #ah1 ! pres5t 'revelation ( div9e righte\sness' is a graci\s manife/ation :i* is put 9 contra/ to ! 'revelation ( div9e wra?1' ! place ( :i* x is int5d$ to take4 ,& yet1 ?\gh ! quality ( m]cy is made emphatic1 x is n isolat$4 ,god's righte\sness is n m]e good nature4 ,x w\ld n be rightly reveal$ by any m]e ignor+ or pass+ ov] ( s94 ,god's m]cy is insep>able f ,8 hol9ess1 & ,8 righte\sness includes bo?#ab4 ,x ne$$ ! sev]e requirem5t ( ! aton+ sacrifice1 z well z #adj ! free gift ( =giv5ess & new life1 to prove or exhibit x4 ,& if ,god's righte\sness %[s itself fir/ ( all 9 a simple act ( ju/ification ( s9n]s--9 simply =giv+ m5 or pron\nc+ !m righte\s1 irrespective ( :at !y are 9 !mselves at ! mom5t1 if only !y w take ,god at ,8 ^w--?ree po9ts h to be borne 9 m9d4 ,fir/1 t ! m]e (f] ( =giv5ess is put 9 ! =efront because ?is read9ess on our "p to be treat$ z helpless s9n]s is ! annihilation ( ! "o great ob/acle to our reconciliation ) ,god--! pr\d indep5d5ce :i* l$ ! ,jews1 & has l$ m5 s9ce _! day1 to res5t be+ dealt ) by m]e m]cy1 & to want to ju/ify !mselves4 ,if ! ,*ri/ian "* is to gr[ aright1 x mu/ h its root 9 an utt] ackn[l$gem5t t we owe to ,god our p[] ev5 to make a beg9n+ 9 ,8 s]vice3 t we c run ! way ( ,8 comm&m5ts1 because1 & only because1 ,he by ,8 own act has set our he>ts at lib]ty4 ,j z ,i am1 )\t "o plea ,b t ,?y blood 0 %$ = me1 ,& t ,?\ bid/ me come to ,!e1 ,o ,lamb ( ,god1 ,i come6 #ada ,to _m really good ,*ri/ians ?is sort ( language has come to h an unreal s\nd because !y h be5 surfeit$ ) x1 & because x has be5 associat$ ) a v "o-sid$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,b1 = all t1 ! moral necessity rema9s t we %\ld dig out ( its la/ refuges ! claim ( human indep5d5ce1 if ! ,*ri/ian "* is to gr[ heal?ily4 ,9 o!r words1 ! only root ( ,*ri/ian ?ankfulness & progress is ! recognition t our spiritual life re/s at its basis on a pure act ( ! div9e b\nty 9 accompli%+ our r$emption f s9 & giv+ u ! =giv5ess ( all our s9s4 ,secondly1 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t our =giv5ess ?r\gh ! sacrifice is only ! fir/ /ep t[>ds fell[%ip ) ,god4 ,x is only ! removal ( ! prelim9>y ob/acle :i* guilt _h rais$ aga9/ actual admittance into ! life ( ,god4 ,! language ( ! ,new ,te/am5t refuses to all[ u to sep>ate ! =giv5ess ( our s9s f our admission into ! 'body ( ,*ri/' by baptism#ac1 or1 9 o!r words1 our incorporation into ! life ( ! r$eem$ p1 ! new ,israel4 ,= ! fai? #adb :i* accepts =giv5ess is ! same id5tical quality :i* corresponds ) all ! lat] movem5t ( ! new life4 ,god's free gift ( grace is n =giv5ess only1 b =giv5ess & new life2 x is '=giv5ess ( s9s & an inh]itance among !m t are sanctifi$ by fai? t is 9 ,*ri/#ad4' ,/4 ,paul does n contemplate1 or contemplates only to repudiate1 a fai? :i* accepts =giv5ess & /ops !re--indiff]5t to actual hol9ess or baptismal incorporation4 ,= x w\ld be no real fai? at all4 ,! prelim9>y ju/ification or acquittal is simply & solely to s]ve z a basis = ! life ( consecration & glory4 ,! /ages ( ju/ification & sanctification are sep>able 9 idea b n 9 fact4 ,! refusal to proce$ f ! ?re%old ( ! acquittal into ! palace ( ! new life w\ld expel ev5 f ! ?re%old2 ev5 z ! failure ( ! un?ankful s]vant to behave z "o %\ld behave :o has be5 excus$ ! debt he c\ld n pay1 cancell$ all 8 acquittal & left him ) ! weight ( ! old debt roll$ back ^u him to 8 de/ruction4 ,la/ly1 & 9 "o ^w1 x mu/ nev] be left out ( sight t ev5 ! initial movem5t ( #adc fai?1 ! tak+ ,*ri/ at ,8 ^w & believ+ ,8 promises1 involves ! elem5t ( moral allegiance4 ,8 graci\s p]son & "* attract ev5 :ile ! boon is be+ accept$1 & a new motive ent]s into life4 ,ju/ify+ fai? at its v root is a fai? :i* yields allegiance to its object4 ii4 ,to a ,jew1 & to almo/ all races :5 ,/4 ,paul wrote1 ! idea ( an expiatory sacrifice = s9 seem$ natural & obvi\s4 ,b = ! special ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( expiation ! basis is to be f\nd 9 ! memorable *apt] liii ( ! 'lat] ,isaiah4' ,t great prophet ( ! captivity is assur+ ,israel ( _! re/oration to _! own l&4 ,?is re/oration is to foll[ on ! due puni%m5t ( h] s9s--',%e ha? receiv$ ( ! ,"l's h&s d\ble = all h] s9s4' ,& ! re/or$ p is to be1 be=e all else1 a righte\s p--'all righte\s'--a p ( ,god's fav\r1 because !y are liv+ accord+ to ,god4 ,b !re is s mu* s9 /ill rema9+ 9 !m z to make x necess>y t ! new life ( ! recov]$ p %\ld be bas$ on a great act ( #add propitiation4 ,! ,righte\s ,s]vant ( ,jehovah1 :o is1 at />t+1 ! idealiz$ p itself1 b :o comes to be repres5t$ z an individual act+ = ! p :ile repudiat$ by !m1 (f]s 8 life a will+ sacrifice = _! s9s4 ,! *a/isem5t ( _! iniquities falls on him1 & he accepts ! burd51 & is ob$i5t unto dea?4 ,dy+ he makes 8 s\l a guilt (f]+3 &1 liv+ ?r\gh dea? exalt$ & p[]ful1 he becomes an int]cessor accept$ ) ,god1 ! head ( a new se$ :om he 'ju/ifies' be=e ,god by ! intimate k ( ,god's m9d & "* :i* 9 8 volunt>y humiliation he has won4 ,?is wond]ful prophetic picture repres5ts a va/ advance 9 moral tea*+ on :at _h gone be=e4 ,x is n only t ! self-sacrifice ( a p]fect human w is sub/itut$ = ! animal victims to :i* ! enlight5$ consci5ce ( ,god's p already refus$ to all[ any real efficacy2 b also t ! idea ( propitiation is put 9 a context :]e x is made pla9 t x c only be ! prelude to a /ate ( actual righte\sness 9 ^? :o are to be ju/ifi$ by x4 ,x occurs z "p ( ! answ] to ! "q1 n--,h[ is ,israel to escape puni%m5t8 b1 ,h[ is ,israel to #ade become ! really righte\s nation1 liv+ 9 ! lik5ess ( ,god8 ,9 ! lat] books ( ! ,maccabees we h ?is idea ( ! expiatory sacrifice & int]cession ( ! ideal ,israelite /ill reta9$1 b degrad$1 probably "u ,greek influ5ces4 ',& ,i1 z my bre?r51' says ! ,maccabean m>tyr1 'give up bo? body & s\l = ! laws ( our fa!rs1 call+ ^u ,god t he may spe$ily become graci\s to ! nation 444 & t 9 me & my bre?r5 may be /ay$ ! wra? ( ! ,almighty1 :i* ha? be5 ju/ly br\ght ^u our :ole race#ae4' ',be propiti\s to my race1' prays ,eleaz>1 9 ano!r ,alex&rian v]sion ( ! /ory1 'be+ satisfi$ ) our puni%m5t on _! behalf4 ,make my blood a propitiation = !m1 & receive my life z a sub/itute = !irs#af4' ,^! passages are on a l[] moral level ?an ,isaiah's1 because 9 !m ! prom95t idea ( propitiation is t x is a means ( procur+ f ,god exemption f fur!r puni%m5t1 n a /ep to ! re/oration to hol9ess4 ,! idea bo? ( :at ,god desires & ( :at man desires is l[]4 ,& inde$ all conceptions ( propitiation may be di/+ui%$ into true #adf or false1 accord+ z righte\sness or exemption f puni%m5t is ! end :i* is specially 9 view4 ,?us :5 we pass on into ! ,new ,te/am5t we f9d 9 ,caiaphas' say+1 ',x is exp$i5t = y t "o man %\ld die = ! p1 & t ! :ole nation p]i% n#ag1' ! typical expression ( ! q immoral notion#ah ( ! =cible sacrifice ( an innoc5t p]son 9 ord] to exempt a guilty race f puni%m5t4 ,9 our ,"l's tea*+1 on ! o!r h&1 we f9d ! doctr9e ( atonem5t rais$ to its highe/ moral p[]4 ,z ! ,=]unn] _h reviv$ ! tea*+ ( ! lat] ,isaiah by po9t+ to ,him z '! ,lamb ( ,god :o take? away 7i4e4 take? up & expiate?7 ! s9 ( ! _w#ai1' s ,*ri/ ,himself spoke unmi/akeably ( ! new cov5ant :i* ,he came to inaugurate1 z to be bas$ ^u ! sacrificial (f]+ ( ,8 body & ! outp\r+ ( ,8 blood#bj3 spoke also ( '! remission ( s9s' z ! b5efit to be expect$ #adg f ,8 expiation4 ,b no tea*] 9 ! _w ev] made x s pla9 t ,god c be satisfi$ ) no?+ t any o!r c d = u--) no?+ b actual lik5ess to ,him 9 ourselves4 ,no tea*] ev] made x s pla9 t :at we are to desire is n to be let (f puni%m5t1 b to be actually fre$ f s94 ,he left no room = d\bt t only by foll[+ ,8 /eps1 ev5 to ! cross & surr5d] ( our lives1 c we %>e ,8 fell[%ip4 ,! v life :i* is (f]$ 9 sacrifice to lay ! f\ndation ( ! new cov5ant is a life or _s :i* we are to %>e4 ,we are to eat & dr9k ,8 sacrific$ fle% & blood--! blood :i* is ! life--& s to be "o ) ,him & ,he ) u4 ,he sacrific$ ,himself1 9 o!r words1 9 ord] to make possible1 ?r\gh ,8 life & ,_s1 a new cov5ant$ society1 9 :i* m5 %\ld h p]fect fell[%ip ) ,god & ) "o ano!r4 ,he did n reject ! idea ( a propitiation won = man by ,8 vic>i\s sacrifice--! tru? is f> f t--b ,he keeps x 9 insep>able connexion ) ! life :i* is to be bas$ ^u x2 & 9 ! eu*>i/ ,he br\ght back ! idea ( sacrifice to :at _h be5 its />t+-po9t 9 all primitive usages4 ',! "o po9t1' says #adh ,pr(essor ,rob]tson-,smi?1 't comes out cle> & /rong 7f ! exam9ation ( anci5t sacrificial cu/oms71 is t ! fundam5tal idea ( anci5t sacrifice is sacram5tal communion1 & t all aton+ rites are ultimately to be reg>d$ z ow+ _! efficacy to a communication ( div9e life to ! wor%ipp]1 & to ! e/abli%m5t or confirmation ( a liv+ bond betwe5 !m & _! ,god#ba4' ,/ill ,*ri/'s sacrifice ( propitiation1 to :i* we contribute no?+1 9 :i* we d n %>e1 rema9s a necess>y prelude to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! new life4 ,x is 9 virtue ( ?is t we are ju/ifi$ & accept$ & all[$ to />t afre%4 ,?is fact ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 g5]al takes = grant$1 & (f]s no explanation ( x2 z inde$ ! human he>t has 9 g5]al accept$ ! b5efit 9 all ?ankfulness & ask$ no que/ions4 ,b ! speculative mod]n intellect has f\nd a difficulty 9 ! matt]--9 ! matt] at lea/ z commonly repres5t$--& we h notic$ t a sugge/ion ( explanation is made by ,/4 ,paul 9 ?is passage4 ,god _h long gone on 'pass+ ov]' s9 all ov] ! _w 9 lov+ =be>ance1 be>+ ) all m5's s9fulness1 #adi till !y _h ?or\ghly le>nt ! lesson ( _! own ne$ ( ,god & inability to save !mselves4 ,b ?is v =be>ance r5d]$ ,god's "* liable to complete misund]/&+4 ,he might h be5 suppos$ to be k9d inde$1 b indiff]5t to s94 ',^! ?+s ha/ ?\ done & ,i kept sil5ce3 ?\ ?\ghte/ t ,i 0 altoge!r su* an "o z ?yself#bb4' ,?us ! sev]ity manife/$ 9 ! claim ( ! 'righte\s ,fa!r' ^u ! ,son ( ,man1 ,8 claim ( an ob$i5ce unto ! %$d+ ( ,8 blood1 & ! ready response to ,8 claim on ! "p ( ! ,son ( ,man gladly r5d]+ up ,8 life 9 homage to ! ,fa!r--^! tak5 toge!r1 ! claim ( ! ,fa!r & ! sacrifice ( ! ,son1 v9dicat$ )9 ! area ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? ! true "* ( ,god1 & =c$ ! believ] 9 ,jesus to hold ! sev]ity & ! love 9 _! insep>able unity z mak+ up ! div9e righte\sness4 ,does n ?is ?\ght op5 at lea/ an intelligible vi/a into ! my/]y ( ! ,atonem5t8 ,*ri/ is ! ,son ( ,man4 ,he is to inaugurate ! true manhood4 ,b fir/ ,he mu/ deal ) ! manhood t has gone #aej a/ray1 & make an act ( rep>ation to ! ,fa!r = all ! outrage t our s9s h done ,him4 ,?us 9 contra/ to all our self-pleas+1 self-indulg5ce1 self-excus+1 9 contra/ to all our clamor\s insol5ce t[>ds ,god & indiff]5ce to ,8 laws1 we behold ! ,son ( ,man recogniz+ ! ,fa!r's /rict requirem5ts1 & lift+ be=e ,8 eyes1 9 ! "n ( ! manhood :i* ,he repres5ts1 ! great rep>ation ( an un%r9k+ ob$i5ce & loyalty unto dea?4 ,! ,fa!r sp>$ n ,8 only ,son ! natural consequ5ces ( ob$i5ce 9 a _w ( s94 ,! ,son sp>$ n ,himself1 b %$ ,8 blood--! 'blood :i* is ! life'--at ! ,fa!r's w4 ,?is is ! "o full1 p]fect1 & suffici5t sacrifice1 oblation1 & satisfaction = ! s9s ( ! :ole _w4 ,x is ! sacrifice (f]$ 9 ! p[] ( no?+ less ?an 'et]nal _s4' ,h5ce=?1 !n1 no man c come to ,god 9 fai? 9 ,jesus1 9 ! fai? :i* ev5 at its root is moral allegiance1 & ?9k lightly ei!r ( ,god's hol9ess or ( 8 own or o!rs' s94 ,god =gives him 8 s91 b x co/ ,him mu* to =give x4 ,! ,cross is ! measure ( ! antipa?y betwe5 ,god & s94 ,& x is well to notice h[ ! great #aea ?\ght ( ?is passage is made intelligible to ! ord9>y ,engli% read] aga91 only by ! ,revis$ ,v]sion4 ,9 ! old ,bible ! ^w signify+ 'pass+ ov]' ( s9s is translat$ 'remission'--! v ?+ ) :i* x is 9 fact contra/$4 ,x is n an exagg]ation to say t1 9 ?is & v _m places ( ! epi/les1 ! ,revis$ ,v]sion = ! fir/ "t r5d]s ! ?\ght ( ! apo/les aga9 intelligible to ! ,engli% read]4 ,& if ! ,revis$ ,v]sion is n popul>1 z ! booksell]s tell u x is n1 ?is is1 ,i fe>1 only a sign t ! majority ( ,engli% ,*ri/ians d n really c>e to und]/& ! mean+ ( ! message ) :i*1 z a matt] ( words1 !y are s famili>4 iii4 ,! metaphor ( 'r$emption' & ! metaphor ( 'propitiation' complete & *eck "o ano!r4 ,z 9 ! p>ables x is only ! exact po9t ( comp>ison betwe5 ! e>?ly & ! heav5ly :i* c be press$ = ! spiritual lesson1 s x is ) ^! metaphorical words1 :i* are 9 fact p>ables compress$4 ,! ^w 'r$emption' is meant to sugge/ a price paid by ,god1 or by ,*ri/1 = our be+ #aeb made free2 x is ! price ( ! ,son's dea?4 ,he 'gives ,8 life a ransom = _m4' ,! ^w 'propitiation' aga9 is meant to sugge/ t ! (f]+ ( ! life 9 sacrifice 0 ! means to w9 = u =giv5ess f ,god4 ,s f>1 bo? metaphorical words h _! cle> & h>moni\s mean+4 ,b 9 old days ! metaphor ( r$emption 0 work$ out by ,orig5 & o!rs beyond ! exact po9t ( ! orig9al sugge/ion4 ,! price1 !y argu$1 mu/ h be5 paid to ! enemy :o held u captive2 i4e4 ,*ri/'s life 0 (f]$ z a price to ! devil 9 ord] t 8 claim might be satisfi$ & we might be ju/ly set free4 ,b ?is ext5sion ( ! scope ( ! metaphor is :olly ali5 to ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! idea ( propitiation has sugge/$ at _m p]iods ! horrible notion t ! ,son wrung f ! angry ,fa!r ! p>don :i* ,he 0 unwill+ to give4 ,su* a notion is aga9 :olly ali5 to ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,b 9 fact ! two metaphors are mutually corrective2 & ea* t5ds to exclude ! misuse ( ! o!r4 ,! idea t ,*ri/ (f]$ any?+ to ! devil is correct$ by ! notion inh]5t 9 ! phrase 'propitiation 7( ! ,fa!r74' ,:at ! ,son (f]$ 0 a sacrifice #aec direct$ to ! ,fa!r only4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! idea t ! m9d ( ! ,fa!r ne$$ to be *ang$ t[>ds u1 is correct$ by ! sugge/ion inh]5t 9 ! o!r metaphor ( r$emption2 = x is ,he :o1 because ,he lov$ u1 gave up ,8 own ,son to buy u out ( ! slav]y ( s94 ,ea* metaphor sugge/s a s+le idea--ea* complem5t>y ( ! o!r1 & corrective ( its misuse--& bo? comb9e to tell u ( ! "o insep>able love ( ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1 unit+ 9 a sacrificial act :i* is ascrib$ to bo?1 to r$eem u f ! tyranny ( s9 & to set ! p>don+ love free to "w ^u u1 )\t obscur+ ! true hatefulness ( s9 or ! true "* ( ,god4 ,if1 especially rec5tly1 ! doctr9e ( ! atonem5t#bc has involv$ intellectual difficulty1 on ! o!r h& x has prov$ itself1 z ! popul> ,*ri/ian lit]ature ( all ages suffici5tly %[s1 widely & deeply welcome to ! human he>t4 ,?is wide welcome :i* x has receiv$ %[s t x conta9s a deep tru?4 ,& f ?is po9t ( view1 f ! po9t ( view ( our practical spiritual ne$s1 we d well to m$itate #aed mu* & deeply ^u ?is doctr9e4 ,we c dep5d ^u x1 t if we are to g on pati5tly do+ good 9 a _w l ?is1 s full ( disappo9tm5ts & anxieties & moral failures & tortur+ scruples1 we mu/ h peace at ! he>t4 ,& ?is is :at ! really evangelical doctr9e is capable ( giv+ u4 ,x bids u cont9ually look out ( ourselves up to ,god1 & assures u t ,8 love1 manife/$ 9 ! sacrifice ( ,8 ,son1 is !re cont9ually1 un*angeably4 ,x is !re1 wait+ till fir/ we turn to ,him1 to give u ! assurance ( entire absolution & admission into ! div9e fell[%ip1 :olly irrespective ( :at we h be5 or done2 & x is !re cont9ually1 h[ev] (t5 we fall1 ) ! same l>ge & lib]al h& to p\r out cont9ual =giv5esses1 & nev] we>ies ( re/or+ u aga9 & aga9 to ! solid f\ndation ( ! peace & grace :i* are by ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,we are n meant to be mis]ably anxi\s or morbidly introspective4 ,we mu/ confess our s9s1 & t ) exactness1 )\t self-sp>+1 )\t self-excus+1 9 utt] humility & tru?2 b 'if we confess our s9s1 he is fai?ful & j to =give u our s9s1 & to cleanse u f all unrighte\sness4' #a ,j]4 xiii4 #cc4 #b ,except ! s9s :i* slew ,him4 #c ,i h comb9$ ?is passage ) ! illu/rative passages 9 ,/4 ,paul's spee*es to ! hea!n4 ,acts xiv4 #af3 ',:o 9 ! g5]ations gone by suff]$ all ! nations to walk 9 _! own ways4' ,acts xvii4 #cj3 ',! times ( ignorance ,god ov]look$ 7w9k$ at72 b n[ he comm&e? m5 t !y %\ld all ev]y:]e rep5t4' ,wisd4 xl4 #bc3 ',?\ ov]looke/ 7w9ke/ at7 ! s9s ( m5 to ! end !y may rep5t4' #d ,?is p>agraph gives di/9ctness to a some:at lat5t ?\ght 9 v]s4 #be1 #bf4 ,b ,i feel conv9c$ t ?is1 & no?+ else1 is ! ?\ght4 #e ,v]ses #e1 #be1 #bf4 #f ,rom4 iii4 #bb4 #g ,phil4 iii4 #i4 #h #b ,cor4 v4 #ba4 #i ,rom4 ix4 #ca4 #aj ,rom4 ii4 #e4 #aa ,cf4 #a ,john i4 #i3 ',fai?ful & righte\s to =give u our s9s4' #ab ,joseph1 ! 'righte\s' man 9 ,matt4 i4 #ai1 is k9dly4 ,b 8 k9dl9ess has /ill ! elem5ts ( moral sev]ity4 ,& x mu/ be rememb]$ t 9 ,rom4 v4 #g 'righte\s' is /ill put 9 contra/ to 'good4' #ac ,see ,acts ii4 #ch3 ',be baptiz$ 444 unto ! remission ( y\r s9s4' xxii4 #af3 ',be baptiz$ & wa% away ?y s9s4' #ad ,acts xxvi4 #ah1 i4e4 =giv5ess & fell[%ip 9 ! consecrat$ body1 ! new ,israel2 cf4 xx4 #cc4 #ae #b ,macc4 vii4 #cg4 #af #d ,macc4 vi4 #bh1 #bi4 #ag ,john xi4 #ej4 #ah ,none ! less immoral z ,caiaphas int5d$ x1 because1 z ,/4 ,john p]ceives1 a div9e tru? utt]$ itself ?r\gh 8 lips 7,john xi4 #ea74 #ai ,john i4 #bi4 #bj ,matt4 xxvi4 #bh2 ,luke xxii4 #ai2 #a ,cor4 xi4 #bd4 #ba ,rob]tson-,smi?1 ,religion ( ! ,semites 7,black1 #ahhi71 p4 #dah4 #bb ,ps4 l4 #ba2 cf4 ,eccles4 viii4 #aa4 #bc ,on "s ( ! difficulties felt ab\t ! doctr9e ( ! ,atonem5t1 see app4 note ,d4 #aee ,,division ,,ii4 #b4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,! true se$ ( ,abraham4 ,/4 ,paul has be5 repudiat+ ! pr9ciple ( ju/ification by works ( ! law4 ,to ^? ) :om he _h be5 br\ght up1 ?is 0 9 ! highe/ degree to di%on\r ! ,jewi% law1 & inde$ ! pr9ciple ( div9ely-giv5 law at all4 ,b 9 ! la/ words ( ! previ\s *apt] he refuses to admit ?is inf]5ce4 ',god =bid t we %\ld make law ( none effect4 ,nay1 we e/abli% law4' ,?is idea ( ! ,gospel1 rightly und]/ood1 e/abli%+ ! law ev5 :ile x sup]s$$ x1 is ) ,/4 ,paul a v fav\rite "o1 & he elaborates x 9 diff]5t ways4 ,sometimes he %[s h[ ! function ( ! writt5 law1 or '! lett]1' is only to awak5 ! consci5ce & make m5 "k _! s9fulness4 ,x c give m5 no help 9 correspond+ to ! moral requirem5t :i* x expresses4 ,hav+ #aef convict$ ! consci5ce ( s91 x has done its "w1 & mu/ yield its place to a m effective spiritual ag5cy4 ,! lett] kille?1 9 ord] t ! ,_s may give life to ^? :om x has kill$4 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 ! "o object ( ?is new spiritual ag5cy1 ?is life-giv+ ,_s1 is to infuse ! p[] ( moral ob$i5ce1 :i* ! law c\ld n give1 into m5's lives1 't ! requirem5t ( ! law might be fulfill$ 9 u :o walk aft] ! ,_s4' ,9 ?is place1 h[ev]1 ,/4 ,paul only alludes to ?is argum5t & 9 ! ma9 adopts ano!r4 ,he %[s f ! ,book ( ! ,law1 t ! fa!r ( ! fai?ful1 himself ! typical in/ance ( a ju/ifi$ man1 0 ju/ifi$1 n by works :i* he _h done1 b simply because he believ$2 n ^u ! basis ( any law or cov5ant1 b z a man simply & n z a circumcis$ man2 & aga91 t ,david1 ! man aft] ,god's own he>t1 liv+ "u ! law1 w\ld h u re/ our hopes ( bless$ness1 n on our m]its z hav+ kept ! law1 b simply on ! =giv+ b\nty ( div9e grace4 ,let u inquire1 he says1 into ! case ( ,abraham1 :om we ,jews are pr\d to own = our national ance/or4 ,:at are we to say ( him8 ,if ,abraham approa*$ ,god 9 virtue #aeg ( 8 m]its 9 hav+ kept a law1 & s 0 accept$ by ,god because ( :at he _h done ( himself1 !re is some?+ = him to boa/ (4 ,b ?is 9 fact is n 8 relation to ,god accord+ to ! scripture at all4 ,!re-- 'm]it lives f man to man1 ,b n f man1 ,o ,"l1 to !e4' ,! :ole initiation is ,god's4 ,he simply makes a promise ( ,8 own pure goodwill--',?y se$ %all be z ! />s ( heav5'--& ,abraham simply believ$ ,him2 & ?is1 & no?+ b ?is1 0 'c\nt$ to him = righte\sness#a4' ,! two sugge/$ relations ( ,abraham to ,god are broadly contra/$ & c be g5]ally appli$4 ,9 ! "o case y h a compact betwe5 ,god :o imposes1 & man :o accepts1 an allott$ task ) a paym5t atta*$ to its fulfilm5t4 ,if ! man fulfils x1 8 paym5t c be class$ z due to him "u ! compact4 ,9 ! o!r case y h no?+ done1 no claim alleg$1 b a pure act ( ,god1 accept+ "o ( our s9ful race1 z he is1 simply because he takes ,god at ,8 ^w4 ,& ?is is h[ ,david also views our relation to ,god4 ,y f9d him#b op5+ 8 m\? to tell #aeh u :at sort ( man is truly bless$1 truly to be congratulat$4 ,& he ?9ks n ( "o :o claims a rew>d because ( 8 m]it1 b ( "o :o has f\nd no com=t or res\rce except 9 p5it5t confession ( 8 s9s1 & ^: s9s ,god has =giv5 & has cons5t$ to treat z if !y did n exi/4 ,x is ! unm]it$ act ( ! div9e b\nty1 x is ,god ju/ify+ ! s9ful1 :i* is ! s\rce ( bless$ness 7v]s4 #a-h74 ,n[ we g back to ! case ( ,abraham to inquire :e!r ! bless+ ( div9e acceptance 0 pron\nc$ ^u him because he 0 ! head ( ! *os5 race m>k$ out by circumcision--:i* 01 s to speak1 ! fir/ "p ( ! law4 ,no1 x 0 be=e he 0 circumcis$4 ,! tok5 ( circumcision came aft]w>ds#c1 z ! seal or ext]nal confirmation ( :at he _h already receiv$ simply z a believ+ man2 s t he might h = 8 true sons believ]s1 :e!r uncircumcis$ or circumcis$1 & !y might %>e 8 acceptance simply by believ+ ,god z he believ$ ,him 7v]s4 #i-ab74 ,pla9ly :5 ,god made ,abraham ! promise t he %\ld be ! heir ( ! _w#d1 no law #aei 0 introduc$ into ! relation%ip4 ,x 0 purely a matt] ( ,god promis+ & ,abraham tak+ ,god at ,8 ^w4 ,inde$ x c\ld n h be5 o!rwise4 ,introduce law1 & y introduce a compact betwe5 ,god & man :i* annuls ! relation%ip ( ,god simply promis+ & man simply believ+--a compact :i* ?r[s a /ra9 on man's indep5d5t p[]s1 :i* !y are n able to be>4 ,! "o inevitable result ( ! law is to put man 9 ! position1 9 :i* ap>t f law he _c f9d himself1 ( a default] :o kn[s himself1 z a default]1 "u ! div9e wra?4 ,! true relation%ip leaves matt]s 9 ! h&s ( ,god1 :o purely promises ( ,8 good fav\r--man simply 9 fai? receiv+ 7v]s4 #ac-af;a74 ,?is re/+ ev]y?+ on ,god's promise & man's fai? gives security = ! fulfilm5t ( ! promise to 'all ! se$4' ,& ! 'se$ to :om ! promise 0 made' includes1 n only ! race *os5 lat] to receive ! law1 b believ]s ( all races2 ,abraham be+ 9 ?is s5se 'a fa!r ( _m nations1' z he /&s "u ! eyes ( ,god :om he believ$ 9--,god :o _h p[] to make ,8 promise good1 ev5 by recall+ to life aga9 ! dead faculties ( ,abraham's old age1 & summon+ *ildr5 #afj :i* did n yet exi/ z if !y 7 already !re4 ,"h is ! po9t3 ,abraham believ$ t ,god _h ! p[] to be z good z ,8 ^w1 9 spite ( all obvi\s reasons to ! contr>y4 ,!re=e he look$ ! facts /eadily 9 ! face--8 own & ,s>ah's great age4 ,b he did n suff] ?is to weigh 9 ! balance aga9/ ,god's promise4 ,he made q sure t ,god w\ld d z ,he promis$1 & glorifi$ ,god by ?is /rong act ( fai?4 ,?is x is t 0 reckon$ to him = righte\sness1 i4e4 ?is x is t enabl$ ,god to accept him z righte\s )\t any consid]ation ( de$s done4 ,& ! record ( ?is acceptance is made = our sakes to-day4 ,god is /ill tak+ m5 into ! numb] ( ! righte\s1 & ,he /ill does x on ! same pr9ciple4 ,he w reckon u = righte\s if we w take ,him at ,8 ^w1 & believe 9 ,8 p[] to d z ,he has promis$4 ,& 9 our case ,he has giv5 u fre% gr\nd = su* confid5t belief2 = ,jesus1 on :om z ,"l our hopes re/ & :o di$ to make atonem5t = our s9s1 ,he has by ,8 p[] rais$ up f ! dead1 t by fai? 9 ,him1 dead & yet alive aga91 we might be tak5 l ,abraham )\t m ado into ! numb] ( ! righte\s4 #afa ,:at !n %all we say#e t ,abraham1 our =efa!r accord+ to ! fle%1 ha? f\nd8 ,= if ,abraham 0 ju/ifi$ by works1 he ha? :]e( to glory2 b n t[>d ,god4 ,= :at sai? ! scripture8 ,& ,abraham believ$ ,god1 & x 0 reckon$ unto him = righte\sness4 ,n[ to him t worke?1 ! rew>d is n reckon$ z ( grace1 b z ( debt4 ,b to him t worke? n1 b believe? on him t ju/ifie? ! ungodly1 8 fai? is reckon$ = righte\sness4 ,ev5 z ,david also pron\nce? bless+ ^u ! man1 unto :om ,god reckone? righte\sness ap>t f works1 say+1 ,bless$ are !y ^: iniquities are =giv51 ,& ^: s9s are cov]$4 ,bless$ is ! man to :om ! ,"l w n reckon s94 ,is ?is bless+ !n pron\nc$ ^u ! circumcision1 or ^u ! uncircumcision also8 = we say1 ,to ,abraham 8 fai? 0 reckon$ = righte\sness4 ,h[ !n 0 x reckon$8 :5 he 0 9 circumcision1 or 9 uncircumcision8 ,n 9 circumcision1 b 9 uncircumcision3 & he receiv$ ! sign ( circumcision1 a seal ( ! righte\sness ( ! fai? :i* he _h :ile he 0 9 uncircumcision3 t he might be ! fa!r ( all !m t believe1 ?\gh !y be 9 uncircumcision1 t righte\sness might be reckon$ unto !m2 & ! fa!r ( circumcision to !m :o n only are ( ! circumcision1 b :o also walk 9 ! /eps ( t fai? ( our fa!r ,abraham :i* he _h 9 uncircumcision4 ,= n ?r\gh ! law 0 ! promise to ,abraham or to 8 se$1 t he %\ld be heir ( ! _w1 b ?r\gh ! righte\sness ( fai?4 ,= if !y :i* are #afb ( ! law be heirs1 fai? is made void1 & ! promise is made ( none effect3 = ! law worke? wra?2 b :]e !re is no law1 nei!r is !re transgression4 ,= ?is cause x is ( fai?1 t x may be accord+ to grace2 to ! end t ! promise may be sure to all ! se$2 n to t only :i* is ( ! law1 b to t also :i* is ( ! fai? ( ,abraham1 :o is ! fa!r ( u all 7z x is writt51 ,a fa!r ( _m nations h ,i made !e7 be=e him :om he believ$1 ev5 ,god1 :o quick5e? ! dead1 & calle? ! ?+s t are n1 z ?\gh !y 74 ,:o 9 hope believ$ aga9/ hope1 to ! end t he might become a fa!r ( _m nations1 accord+ to t :i* _h be5 spok51 ,s %all ?y se$ be4 ,& )\t be+ weak5$ 9 fai? he consid]$ 8 own body n[ z good z dead 7he be+ ab\t a hundr$ ye>s old71 & ! deadness ( ,s>ah's womb3 yea1 look+ unto ! promise ( ,god1 he wav]$ n ?r\gh unbelief1 b wax$ /rong ?r\gh fai?1 giv+ glory to ,god1 & be+ fully assur$ t1 :at he _h promis$1 he 0 able also to p]=m4 ,:]e=e also x 0 reckon$ unto him = righte\sness4 ,n[ x 0 n writt5 = 8 sake alone1 t x 0 reckon$ unto him2 b = our sake also1 unto :om x %all be reckon$1 :o believe on him t rais$ ,jesus our ,"l f ! dead1 :o 0 deliv]$ up = our trespasses1 & 0 rais$ = our ju/ification4 #a4 ,no d\bt1 on ! text ( ,g54 xv4 #f1 ,/4 ,paul is "r4 ,x 0 ,abraham's fai? t is decl>$ to h be5 reckon$ to 8 acc\nt by ,god z equival5t to righte\sness4 ,b :5 we get beyond a m]e text1 is x n1 we are incl9$ to ask1 m true to ! g5]al #afc _s ( scripture to say1 ) ! au?or ( ! ,fir/ ,book ( ! ,maccabees1 ',0 n ,abraham f\nd fai?ful 9 temptation1 & x 0 reckon$ unto him = righte\sness#f8' or ) ,/4 ,james1 ',0 n ,abraham our fa!r ju/ifi$ by works1 9 t he (f]$ up ,isaac 8 son ^u ! alt>8 ,?\ see/ t fai? wr\ght ) 8 works1 & by works 0 fai? made p]fect#g4' ,no d\bt c]ta9 ,rabbis /ate ! pr9ciple p$antically :5 !y speak ( ,abraham hav+ kept ! :ole ,mosaic law by anticipation#h1 b is x n true to say t ,abraham 0 accept$ by ,god1 & on ! :ole is repres5t$ 9 ! ,bible z s accept$1 n only because he believ$1 b also because he '0 f\nd fai?ful 9 temptation1' & did good works1 or act$ z a good man8 ,n[1 if by 'accept$' is meant 'f9ally accept$1' ,/4 ,paul w\ld say ?is z ( ,abraham1 s ( e o!r accept$ man4 ,he mu/ be f9ally judg$ & mu/ receive accord+ to 8 works or "*4 ,z we %all see1 !re is no real discrepancy betwe5 ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,james on ?is matt]4 ,& ,/4 ,paul nev] disp>ages 'good works' :i* are ! fruit ( #afd fai?1 only 'works' or 'works ( ! law' :i* repres5t a false attitude ( man to ,god4 ,b ! "q :i* he is "h ask+ is1 ,:at is ! gr\nd ( acceptance = a man at />t+8 ,:at is x puts him at />t+ 9 ! "r relation to ,god8 ,9 o!r words1 ,:at is ! root ( real righte\sness8 ,& 8 answ] to ?is "q is1 x is only self-surr5d]+ fai? :i* br\ght ,abraham1 or :i* br+s any o!r man1 into acceptance4 ,9 giv+ ?is answ] ,/4 ,paul _h 9 view ano!r attitude ) :i* he _h be5 long famili>1 & :i* he calls 'seek+ to be ju/ifi$ by works ( ! law4' ,x 0 ! attitude ( ! ,jews1 especially z !y appe> 9 ,/4 ,john's ,gospel4 ,!y 7 pr\d ( _! div9e law & ( belong+ to ! *os5 p1 ! *ildr5 ( ,abraham & ,moses4 ,!y knew h[ to make good _! /&+-gr\nd ) ,god4 ,by keep+ ! law1 z ! law _h come to be und]/ood among !mselves1 !y c\ld accumulate m]its altoge!r out ( proportion to _! failures or dem]its4 ,!y c\ld ev5 be help$ by ! m]its ( ! old sa9ts#i4 ,?us !y c\ld #afe /& be=e ,god on ! basis ( a c]ta9 engagem5t or cov5ant1 into :i* ,god _h ent]$ ) ,8 p1 & claim _! due rew>d4 ,?is utt]ly demoraliz+ attitude--lead+ z x does to =malism & hypocrisy1 or1 at ! be/1 unprogressive /agnation--?is attitude1 :i* left out ( sight all ! high] & inf9ite elem5ts 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 0 ! actual attitude ( contempor>y ,ph>isaic ,jews4 ,! *>act]i/ics ) :i* x end[$ !m 7 pride 9 ! law2 a s5se ( p]sonal m]it c\pl$ ) a contempt = 's9n]s ( ! ,g5tiles1' or ! common 'p :i* knew n ! law'2 a self-satisfi$ /agnation :i* made !m utt]ly res5t ! new light ( ! gospel2 a reg>d = ! public op9ion ( _! class1 :i* made !m slaves to conv5tion2 & moral holl[ness & rott5ness )94 ,x 0 because ?is 0 _! attitude t !y reject$ ! ,*ri/4 ',go+ ab\t to e/abli% _! own righte\sness1 !y did n submit !mselves to ! righte\sness ( ,god4' ,x 0 because ,/4 ,paul _h be5 br\ght up 9 ! s*ool ( ! ,ph>isees1 b _h come to p]ceive its moral rott5ness & to accept ,jesus z ! ,*ri/1 t he bases all 8 #aff doctr9e on ! sub/itution ( ju/ification by fai? = ju/ification by works4 ,by 'works' or 'works ( ! law' he means an attitude t[>ds ,god :i* left a man l>gely indep5d5t ( ,him4 ,"u ! div9e cov5ant ! man ( ! cov5ant has a c]ta9 task to d1 a c]ta9 law to keep3 t kept1 especially 9 its ext]nal requirem5ts z contempor>y au?ority en=ces x1 he is 8 own ma/]4 ,he is entitl$ to res5t any fur!r claims ^u him4 ,?is religi\s ideal means1 z we h se51 pride1 /agnation1 conv5tionalism1 hypocrisy4 ,& ! m x is consid]$ ! m unnatural x appe>s4 ,= 7#a7 ,x ignores ! fundam5tal relation ( man to ,god1 viz4 t1 z a creature1 he dep5ds absolutely & at e /age on ,god4 ,he has no initiative 9 himself4 ,?us ! only attitude t[>ds ,god :i* expresses ! reality is "o 9 :i* ,god is recogniz$ z cont9ually supply+1 or promis+1 or (f]+1 or claim+1 & man is cont9ually accept+1 or believ+1 or correspond+1 or obey+4 7#b7 ,x ignores ! in]adicable ta9t ( s9 9 man1 & ! accumulat$ guilt ( p>ticul> s9s4 ,a man may gloss ov] 8 inw>d s9fulness1 & cloak & ignore 8 secret s9s2 he #afg may live outw>dly 9 high reputation2 b if he comes to "k himself1 he kn[s himself z a s9n]1 :o dep5ds1 at />t+1 absolutely on ,god = =giv5ess & 'deliv]ance f com+ wra?4' 7#c7 ,x is q cont5t$ to leave all mank9d1 except a small elect body1 out ( ! conditions ( acceptance ) ,god4 ,9 sub/itut+ 'fai?' = works ( ! law1 !n1 z ! pr9ciple ( ju/ification1 ,/4 ,paul 0 really 'return+ to nature'2 he 0 realiz+ facts1 & supply+ a basis = a morality bo? progressive & univ]sal4 ,fur!r1 he 0 true to all ! highe/ tea*+ ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :i* cont9ually f9ds ! s\rce & gr\nd ( s9 & failure 9 man's indep5d5ce ( ,god2 :i* is av]se to no?+ s conspicu\sly z to sub/itut+ ext]nal con=mity = moral "*2 :i* is heavy ) ! consci\sness ( s92 :i* humbly expects a full]1 wid]1 & ri*] disclosure ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,f9ally1 he 0 true to t deep & summ>y tea*+ ( our ,"l to ! ,jews1 ',?is is ! "w ( ,god1 t ye believe on him :om he ha? s5t4' ,no d\bt x may /ill be said ,/4 ,paul argues 9 an 'uncritical' mann] on ! basis ( a p>ticul> #afh text4 ,b 9 do+ ?is he 0 do+ z 8 ,jewi% contempor>ies did2 & if ! p>ticul> text is us$ to prove a real or true pr9ciple1 :o %all compla9 ( x8 #b4 ,& n[ to conciliate ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,james4 ,x is a satisfactory task1 = ! /atem5ts :i* appe> s contradictory admit1 :5 !y are exam9$1 ( an easy h>mony4 ,let u suppose1 :at is highly probable1 t ! report ( ,/4 ,paul's tea*+ rea*$ ,/4 ,james at ,j]usalem at second-h&1 9 a fragm5t>y & p]v]t$ mann]--p]haps z illu/rat$ by un=tunate specim5s ( its influ5ce :]e x 0 wilfully misund]/ood4 ',m5 are ju/ifi$ be=e ,god by fai? )\t consid]ation ( works4' ,/4 ,james' holy & beautiful1 b no d\bt some:at unphilosophical m9d1 0 al>m$ & sc&aliz$4 ,by fai? he und]/ood an intellectual quality--! acceptance ( ! div9e tru? reveal$2 & he po9ts out ) ! simplicity ( moral common s5se1 t nev] 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t is "r belief repres5t$ z ! gr\nd ( acceptance ) ,god )\t ! "r conduct :i* is its natural sequ5ce4 ,:o c d5y t ! devils h a '"r belief' 9 ! exi/5ce ( ,god8 ,fai?1 9 fact1 )\t #afi works--or?odox belief )\t moral ob$i5ce--is a lifeless =m1 a body )\t _s#aj4 ,to all ?is ,/4 ,paul w\ld ( c\rse h agre$1 9 ,/4 ,james' s5se ( ! ^w fai?4 ,9 fact1 ,/4 ,james' fai?1 i4e4 b>e or?odox belief1 is closely ak9 to1 & apt to keep company )1 =mal ecclesia/ical obs]vance1 :i* is "p ( :at ,/4 ,paul means by 'works4' ,bo? 7 *>act]i/ic ( ! ,ph>isaic ,jews4 ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,james w\ld h be5 at "o 9 say+1 ',!re mu/ be life 9 ?is dead %ell ( or?odox belief1 if x is to h value ) ,god2 & :at alone c give x life is ! real _s ( moral ob$i5ce to ! w ( ! holy & good ,god'--:i* is :at ,/4 ,james means by 'works4' ,! disagreem5t betwe5 !m is !n1 s f>1 only v]bal4 ,b ,/4 ,paul goes deep]1 into a region :]e ,/4 ,james does n foll[ him1 & asks :at is ! real />t+-gr\nd ( ! true/ ob$i5ce--! real root ( ! moral life8 ,& he f9ds ?is />t+-gr\nd1 ?is fundam5tal e/abli%m5t ( ! "r relation to ,god1 9 :at he call$ fai?2 t is1 no m]e or?odoxy ( intellect1 b a fundam5tal relation%ip ( man t[>ds ,god--! utt]ly receptive faculty1 #agj ! pr(\nd quality ( ! self-surr5d]+ w4 #c4 ,!re is a "y philosophical inquir] 9 ,plato's ,dialogue ( ! ,republic :o is s anxi\s to get at ! ultimate pr9ciple ( ju/ice1 z di/9ct f its consequ5ces & second>y qualities1 t ,socrates laugh+ly tells him he is 'scrubb+ & poli%+ x l a /atue4' ,n[ ,/4 ,paul has ! philosoph]'s in/9ct to get at a pr9ciple 9 its pure simplicity4 ,he scrubs fai? clean ( all extrane\s accid5ts4 ,he is mo/ anxi\s t we %\ld dis5gage its activity f all ! o!r closely-int]connect$ elem5ts 9 human nature2 & s p]ceive t1 :atev] a man has be5 or is 9 race or conduct or antec$5ts1 once let him exhibit fai?1 ! fai? :i* takes ,god at ,8 ^w1 & by t v fact & no o!r1 all ! ob/acles to ,god's acceptance ( him are ov]come4 ,! true relation ( ! man to ,god is re/or$ 9 its elem5t>y pr9ciple4 ,& no?+ b ?is1 h[ev] elaborate its app>5t p]=mances1 c re/ore ! fundam5tal relation%ip4 ,x is fai? only1 & n works1 h[ev] spl5did1 :i* ju/ifies or enables ,god to take a man1 place him among/ ! righte\s1 & "w ^u & 9 him4 ,b ?is elem5tal #aga act ( simply ab&on+ indep5d5ce1 trampl+ on pride & tak+ ,god at ,8 ^w1 is an act or attitude ( ! :ole man :i* necess>ily 7grant$ t x be n )drawn7 becomes correspond5ce ( ! :ole be+ ) ,god1 a lifelong ob$i5ce1 an allegiance & homage ( e faculty ( w1 & emotion1 & intellect4 ',fai?1' !n1 z ,calv9 once said1 'is pregnant ) good works1 b x ju/ifies be=e !y are br\ght =?4' ,t ! rudim5t>y ju/ify+ fai?1 on :i* ,/4 ,paul is "h insi/+1 is a develop+ ?+1 a liv+ & g]m9at+ pr9ciple1 ! basis ( a life :i* gr[s--b always 'f fai? to fai?1' f "o /age ( fai? to ano!r--w appe> cle>ly en\gh z we g on4 ,b ev5 "h1 9 ?is *apt]1 x appe>s already t fai? is some?+ q inconsi/5t ) rema9+ z we are4 ,fai? looks to a div9e promise--a promise ( a/\nd+ *ange--& believes t ,god is able to realize x 9 u4 ,su* 0 ,abraham's fai?4 ,su*1 we may add1 0 ! fai? ( ^? 9 ! ,gospels :o came to be heal$1 & to :om x 0 said1 ',accord+ to y\r fai? be x unto y4' ,our fai? !n also mu/ expect & desire "s amaz+ trans=mation ( our human nature1 #agb accord+ to a div9e promise--no?+ less ?an p[] out ( impot5ce1 life out ( dea?4 ,& x is f ?is po9t ( view t ! ,resurrection is app>5tly reg>d$ 9 ?is *apt]1 z hold+ ! place x does 9 ! 's*eme' ( our ju/ification by fai?4 ,we are to believe t ,god is able to br+ life morally out ( dea?4 ,he makes t act ( fai? possible or easi] = u by ! resurrection ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,?is evid5ce ( ,god's p[] 9 ! case ( ,jesus1 ! p]son on :om our div9e fai? is to re/1 gives an adequate support & reasonable security to our fai?4 ',he 0 designat$ z ! ,son ( ,god ) p[]1 by ! resurrection f ! dead1' & ?us becomes ! natural object = su* a fai? 9 ! p[] ( ,god to c>ry out ,8 promises z is necess>y = our ju/ification4 ,?is is probably ! mean+ ( ! p>ticul> words ) :i* ! f\r? *apt] closes--',:o di$ = our s9s 7t is1 9 ord] t1 9 virtue ( ,8 aton+ sacrifice1 our s9s might be =giv57 & rose aga9 = our ju/ification' 7i4e4 9 ord] t our fai? might h 9 ! ris5 ,"l an adequate object74 ,b ( c\rse ! relation ( fai? to ! ris5 ,"l is by no means exhau/$ 9 ?is ?\ght4 #agc #d4 ,we ,engli%m5 are possess$ ) ! idea t !re is no?+ s ali5 to our *>act]s z ! temp] ( ! ,ph>isees or ! doctr9e ( ! m]it ( good works4 ,b if we c look at ! matt] bel[ ! surface1 we c h>dly fail to realize t ! _s :i* ,/4 ,paul s mightily repudiates lies 9 "s respects v close to our natural in/9cts4 ,! ,engli%man has a /&>d1 ( 8 class1 8 college1 8 pr(ession1 :i* x is 8 pride n to fall %ort (2 b he is int5sely al>m$ at any claim ^u 8 moral indep5d5ce ov] & above ?is all[$ /&>d2 he is incl9$ to turn 8 back completely ^u ! idea ( fundam5tal surr5d] to ! unkn[n & inf9ite claim ( ,god2 he is cont5t$ ) himself & 8 /&>d1 & occupies himself 9 comp>+ x fav\rably ) ! /&>ds ( o!r classes1 or /ill m ( o!r nations4 ,b :at is ?is _s b1 = good or = evil1 ! _s ( ,ph>isaism "u a :olly diff]5t dress8 ',!y go+ ab\t to e/abli% _! own righte\sness1 h n submitt$ !mselves to ! righte\sness ( ,god4' ',h[ c ye believe :i* seek glory "o ( ano!r1 & ! glory t come? f ! only ,god ye seek n8' ',!y measur+ !mselves by #agd !mselves & comp>+ !mselves among/ !mselves are n wise4' ,"h are typical condemnations ( ! self-satisfi$ ,ph>isaic temp] s express$ z to prev5t u f suppos+ t we %all escape condemnation ) ! ,ph>isees m]ely because we d n say long pray]s 9 public places1 or di/+ui% ourselves by a c>eful ritualism4 #a ,g54 xv4 #e1 #f4 #b ,ps4 xxxii4 #c ,g54 xvii4 #d ,none ( ! promises are v]bally to ?is effect4 ,b ?is is ! sub/antial outcome ( !m4 #e ,or '( ,abraham1 our =efa!r accord+ to ! fle%' 7m>g974 #f #a ,macc4 ii4 #eb2 cf4 ,ecclus4 xliv4 #bj4 #g ,james ii4 #ba1 #bb4 #h ,cf4 ,s4 & ,h4 p4 #aja4 #i ,!re is contempor>y evid5ce = ?is illu/ration ( _! position2 see ,ephesians1 app4 note ,c4 #aj ,james ii4 #ad-bf4 #age ,,division ,,iii4 ,,*apt]s ,v-,,viii4 ,! accept$ life or ! moral consequ5ces ( ju/ification4 #a4 ,,*apt] ,v4 #a-aa4 ,! holy confid5ce ( ! ju/ifi$4 ,peace is a fundam5tal spiritual ne$ ( ! human s\l4 ,b ! peace t is ,god's gift comes only ?r\gh ! break+ up ( ! peace ( s\l :i* comes f ignor+ ,god4 ,! ,ph>isee on ! temple /eps 0 at peace :5 he ?ank$ ,god t he 0 n z o!r m5 are--at peace 9 8 misplac$ pride4 ,! mass ( m5 9 hea!n ,cor9?1 :]e ,/4 ,paul 0 writ+1 7 at peace 9 _! s9s4 ,& ,/4 ,paul has set himself ) all 8 might1 z 9 8 prea*+ g5]ally1 s 9 ?is p>ticul> lett]1 to break up ?is false peace ( consci5ce4 ,l ! prophet ( old he spurns ^? :o w\ld 'heal ! hurt ( ! daught] ( ,god's #agf p lightly1 say+1 ,peace1 peace1 :5 !re is no peace4' ,?us he has be5 ar\s+ ! consci5ce ( ,g5tiles & ,jews equally1 & =c+ ^u !m ! conviction t _! pres5t life is a condemn$ life1 "u ! doom ( a righte\s ,god4 ,b :5 ! conviction is driv5 home1 :5 ! w\nd is fairly recogniz$ & prob$1 comes 9 due c\rse ! heal+ rem$y4 ,x lies 9 ! recognition ( :at ,god really is--( ! sort ( "* :i* ,he is manife/+ n[ 9 ,8 ,son ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,= behold6 :olly ap>t f any "q ( :at we are or h be51 ,god is f\nd wait+ = u ) ! (f] ( ,8 love1 :i* is also ! p[] to accompli% :at ,he (f]s4 ,x is p>don & new life ,he (f]s to u4 ,x is = u simply to take ,him at ,8 ^w1 & )\t any delay or reckon+ up ( acc\nts1 to be acquitt$ & accept$ = righte\s simply because we h believ$ ,8 ^w4 ,! secure gr\nd ( peace 9 ! s\l1 !re=e1 lies 9 ! frank & sev]e recognition ( our own s9fulness1 b also1 & ev5 m1 9 look+ away f ourselves & simply fix+ our :ole consid]ation on ! "* ( ,god1 :o 9 c]ta9 acts has %[n ,8 #agg good-w t[>d u1 & ,8 p[] to make ,8 goodwill effectual4 ,all hope = u />ts simply f ,god & ,8 m9d ( love t[>d u4 ',n t we lov$ ,god1 b t he lov$ u & s5t 8 ,son4' ,?us we f9d ,/4 ,paul1 9 ! passage we are n[ to consid]1 beg9n+ a fre% appeal to believ]s 9 ,*ri/ on ?is basis1 :i* he has already made s secure4 ,see+1 he says1 t we h n[ be5 accept$ simply because we believ$1 let u ent] into t h]itage ( peace :i* our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ by ,8 r$emption has won = u4 ,= :at is our pres5t condition8 ,?r\gh ,8 r$eem+ sacrifice we h receiv$ an introduction1 at no o!r co/ ?an t ( believ+1 into a new /&+-gr\nd be=e ,god1 a new /ate 9 :i* ! :ole atmosph]e is "o ( grace or div9e fav\r4 ,we c !re=e enjoy a solid peace 9 ! pres5t bas$ on ! sure consid]ation ( ! div9e goodwill1 & we c make x our boa/ t we h a well-gr\nd$ hope ( future re/oration to t highe/ fruition ( :i* our nature is capable--fell[%ip 9 ! div9e glory4 ,& :ile we enjoy ^! pres5t privileges ( ours1 let u %[ t we really value !m by mak+ #agh ! outw>d h>d%ips :i* accompany !m a matt] ( boa/+ also4 ,= we "k t only su* h>d%ips1 bravely enc\nt]$1 c give to our *>act]s ! quality ( /eadfa/ness2 & /eadfa/ness ?r\gh ! exp]i5ce ( life makes ( u m5 ( approv$ moral metal2 & ?is process ( probation1 9 :i* we are tri$ & n f\nd want+1 aga9 g5]ates hope 9 u--! same hope 9 ,god's love :i* accompani$ ! beg9n+ ( our ju/ification1 only n[ confirm$ 9 u by our own exp]i5ce4 ,& ?is div9e hope has no?+ trea*]\s ab\t x#a4 ,x is gr\nd$ on :at ,god has already done4 ,he has already giv5 u ,8 ,holy ,_s1 & by t gift p\r$ =? ,8 love into our he>ts3 ,he w\ld n h done ?is 9 ord] to *eat u at ! la/4 ,we c inde$ te/ & measure ! m9d ( ,god t[>d u by human comp>isons4 ,9 our exp]i5ce ( m5 we might p]haps f9d "s "o brave en\gh ev5 to die = ano!r1 if t o!r 01 ,i d n say m]ely an upright man1 b a good & loveable "o4 ,b :at is ! fact 9 ,god's deal+s ) u8 ,x 0 #agi :5 we 7 s9ful & helpless 9 our s9fulness--nay r1 :5 we 7 liv+ 9 flat antagonism to ,god--t ,he prov$ ,8 own pure love t[>d u by tak+ advantage ( ! div9e opportunity to give ,8 ,son to die = u4 ,& ,he1 ?us dy+ on our behalf1 won = u by ! %$d+ ( ,8 blood a reconciliation ) ,god1 :i* lay altoge!r outside any?+ :i* our /ate naturally sugge/$4 ,well !n1 ,god w\ld n1 s to speak1 h gone out ( ,8 way to make ?is beg9n+1 unless ,he _h int5d$ to c>ry ! "w ?r\gh1 s z f9ally to save u out f "u ! div9e wra?1 or1 9 o!r words1 into ! div9e fell[%ip4 ,c]ta9ly1 accept$ z we h be5 9 virtue ( ,*ri/'s blood-%$d+1 & ?us reconcil$ to ,god :5 our natural /ate 0 ho/ility to ,him1 we c tru/ ,him1 n[ t ,he has made u ,8 fri5ds1 to accompli% our deliv]ance1 n by any fur!r blood-%$d+1 b by admitt+ u into ! life ( ,*ri/ ris5 f dea?4 ,b1 to end :]e we began1 x is n only ! hope ( a future deliv]ance t makes u glad4 ,we also make our boa/ ( our pres5t relation & fri5d%ip ) ,god ?r\gh ,8 ,son4 #ahj ,be+ !re=e ju/ifi$ by fai?1 let u h peace ) ,god ?r\gh our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/2 ?r\gh :om also we h _h our access by fai? into ?is grace :]e9 we /&2 & let u rejoice 9 hope ( ! glory ( ,god4 ,& n only s1 b let u also rejoice 9 our tribulations3 kn[+ t tribulation worke? pati5ce2 & pati5ce1 probation2 & probation1 hope3 & hope putte? n to %ame2 because ! love ( ,god ha? be5 %$ abroad 9 our he>ts ?r\gh ! ,holy ,gho/ :i* 0 giv5 unto u4 ,= :ile we 7 yet weak1 9 due season ,*ri/ di$ = ! ungodly4 ,= sc>cely = a righte\s man w "o die3 = p]adv5ture = ! good man "s "o w\ld ev5 d>e to die4 ,b ,god comm5de? 8 own love t[>d u1 9 t1 :ile we 7 yet s9n]s1 ,*ri/ di$ = u4 ,mu* m !n1 be+ n[ ju/ifi$ by 8 blood1 %all we be sav$ f ! wra? ( ,god ?r\gh him4 ,= if1 :ile we 7 enemies1 we 7 reconcil$ to ,god ?r\gh ! dea? ( 8 ,son1 mu* m1 be+ reconcil$1 %all we be sav$ by 8 life2 & n only s1 b we also rejoice 9 ,god ?r\gh our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ?r\gh :om we h n[ receiv$ ! reconciliation4 #a4 ,we feel 9 ?is passage1 & 9 ^? :i* foll[1 t a great transition is be+ accompli%$1 or has be5 accompli%$1 9 ! argum5t1 we h>dly "k h[3 ! transition f ! ?\ght ( our prelim9>y ju/ification or acceptance ) ,god = ,*ri/'s sake1 to t ( our sanctification1 or ! life consecrat$ 9 ,*ri/3 ! transition f ! ?\ght ( ,*ri/'s "w = u to t ( ,*ri/'s "w 9 u3 f #aha ! gift ( acquittal to ! gift ( ! ,_s 7v]4 #e71 & ! life ( ! baptiz$ 7vi4 #c74 ,/4 ,paul is n consci\s ( ! transition1 z mod]n !ologians or ,*ri/ians acqua9t$ ) !ological controv]sy _c b be1 because ! two /ages are to 8 m9d absolutely insep>able4 ,^? to :om he wrote _h l himself come1 ) :atev] ( /ruggle1 to believe 9 ,*ri/2 believ+1 !y _h be5 baptiz$ into ,*ri/1 & _h receiv$ by ! lay+ on ( h&s ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,?is fell[%ip 9 ,*ri/'s life1 ?is possession ( ! ,_s1 con/itut$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,to enjoy ^! ?+s 0 to be a ,*ri/ian4 ,! idea ( a ,*ri/ianity :i* /opp$ %ort ( incorporation into ,*ri/1 or :i* claim$ ?is incorporation outside ,8 body :i* is ! ,*ur*1 & ap>t f ! visible sacram5tal means ( union1 did n occur to ,/4 ,paul4 ,a ,*ri/ianity :i* did n own allegiance to ! ,*ur* 0 n 9 "q4 ,b 8 entire pres5t aim is to conv9ce ! he>t & reason ( ,*ri/ians t ! :ole privilege ( _! new '/ate ( grace' belongs to !m simply 9 virtue ( fai?4 ,z he asks ! ,galatians3 ',receiv$ ye ! ,_s1' i4e4 did ye become ,*ri/ians1 'by ! works ( ! law or by ! he>+ ( fai?8' ,t is 8 po9t4 #ahb ,!y 7 n made ,*ri/ians because !y _h done any?+ to des]ve x4 ,!y 7 simply helpless s9n]s1 & x 0 ! gratuit\s m]cy ( ,god :i* look$ ^u !m & provid$ a means ( =giv5ess = !m1 & ju/ifi$ !m or set !m ^u a new basis ( acceptance1 )\t any consid]ation ( :at !y 7 or _h done1 purely & simply because ,he lov$ !m & meant t ! m]e spectacle ( ,8 unm]it$ love & b\nty %\ld inspire _! gratitude & w9 _! he>ts4 ,!re=e he lays su* emphasis on _! initial ne$ ( =giv5ess3 on _! helplessness to get rid ( _! own s9s3 on _! dep5d5ce = =giv5ess on a sacrifice to :i* !y c\ld contribute no?+3 on _! be+ ju/ifi$ by simply receiv+ 9 tru/ ! (f] ( ,god4 ,b ! (f] :5 x is li/5$ to is f\nd to consi/ 9 =giv5ess inde$--b =giv5ess z a /ep t[>d new life 9 ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,?us :at ,*ri/ won = man1 :at becomes available = ea* man 9 virtue ( believ+ ! message1 is "h describ$ z 'our introduction' 7r ?an 'access'7 'into ?is grace :]e9 we /&'--an introduction into a spiritual region :]e ,god's fav\r is ! prevail+ atmosph]e1 or1 to use a lat] phrase1 into 'a /ate ( grace'2 a #ahc di/rict ( security out ( :i*1 h[ev]1 m5 may fall aga9 by delib]ate unfai?fulness1 z ,/4 ,paul w>ns ! ,galatians#b3 ',ye are sev]$ f ,*ri/1 ye :o w\ld be ju/ifi$ by ! law2 ye are fall5 away f grace4' ,& ,/4 ,paul's language does n let u suppose t ! :ole ( :at he means by our 'salvation' is includ$ 9 our prelim9>y acceptance#c4 ,t is simply our fir/ introduction into a p]man5t /ate4 ,our 'salvation' is "h1 z else:]e1 spok5 ( z equival5t to deliv]ance f wra? 9 ! day ( judgem5t1 :i* means t our :ole moral be+ has become su* z c be> ! scrut9y ( ! div9e righte\sness & ! fell[%ip ( ! div9e glory4 #b4 ,:]e ! ,revis$ ,v]sion above#d reads 'rejoice1' x is important to rememb] t ! ^w is t us$ = ! illegitimate 'glory+' or 'boa/+' ( iii4 #bg & iv4 #b4 ,*ri/ians h some?+ to boa/ (1 b x is n _! own2 x is ,god's gift4 ,!re=e !y are especially delight$ :5 ,god's /r5g? is %[n 9 _! weakness1 & !y w m p>ticul>ly 'boa/ ( _! weaknesses' 7cf4 #b ,cor4 xi4 #cj74 #ahd #c4 ,/4 ,paul's argum5t t ! ,*ri/ian hope is fundam5tally tru/wor?y is bas$1 we may notice1 on a tw(old appeal4 ,fir/ 7v]4 #e71 he appeals to ! gift ( ! ,_s :i* at a def9ite "t#e ea* ,*ri/ian receiv$1 d\btless by ! lay+ on ( h&s4 ,?is gift is 9 itself an outp\r+ ( ! div9e love & an 'e>ne/' ( future glory 7#b ,cor4 i4 #bb1 v4 #e74 ,no d\bt almo/ all ! ,*ri/ians _h m or less int5sely felt ! reality ( ! div9e love 9 ! indwell+ ,_s4 ,b ,/4 ,paul lays /ress r on ! fact ?an on ! feel+4 ,secondly 7v]s4 #f ff471 he appeals to ! great r$emptive act ( ,god4 ,god _h gone out ( ,8 way to make a great sacrifice 9 ord] to reconcile u :5 we 7 enemies1 & !re=e may be tru/$ to c>ry out ! prelim9>y reconciliation into full spiritual deliv]ance or salvation by ,*ri/'s life4 ,! great] ef=t c>ries ) x ! less4 #a ,isa4 xxviii4 #af3 ',he t believe? %all n be put to %ame' 7,greek v]sion74 #b ,gal4 v4 #d4 #c ,cf4 also p4 #caj4 #d v]ses #b1 #c1 #aa4 #e ,! t5se is an aori/1 '! ,holy ,gho/ :i* 0 giv5' at a def9ite pa/ mom5t2 n z 9 ! unrevis$ ,bible 'is giv54' #ahe ,,division ,,iii4 #b4 ,,*apt] ,v4 #ab-ba4 ,! ,second ,adam4 ,/4 ,paul _h spok51 at ! end ( ! passage we h j be5 read+1 ( our be+ 'sav$ by 7or '9'7 ,*ri/'s life4' ,& ?is br+s him to :at is truly ! c5tral po9t ( 8 !ology--! life 9 ,*ri/ by ! ,_s3 ! ?\ght t ! glorifi$ ,man1 ) all ! p[] ( ! div9e life at "w 9 ,him1 ?\gh ,he is hidd5 f sight1 is /ill p]petuat+ ,8 life by ,8 ,_s 9 t society :i* ,he has e/abli%$ to be ,8 body4 ,x /&s to reason t if real fell[%ip 9 ! life ( ,*ri/ is ! privilege ( ! ,*ri/ian1 ?is mu/ be a great] ?+ by f> ?an any prep>atory gift ( acquittal or ju/ification1 :i* inde$ has its value simply 9 virtue ( t to :i* x admits u4 ,/4 ,paul !n loves to contra/ ! new #ahf manhood ( believ]s 9 ,*ri/1 ! life 9 ,*ri/1 9 all its moral *>act]i/ics1 ) ! old manhood1 enslav$ to s91 z x exi/$ sub/antially id5tical 9 its bondage "u ! outw>dly diff]+ conditions ( ,g5tile & ,jewi% society4 ,& z t old life ( our race _h a unity :i* ,/4 ,paul believ$ 0 due to a common orig9 9 ! fir/ man ,adam1 s he ?\ght ( ,*ri/ z a second ,adam--! 'la/ ,adam'--a spiritual prog5itor f :om 0 to be d]iv$ ano!r human race by spiritual g5]ation ) a bett] unity ( its own2 or r a new spiritual prog5itor f :om ! :ole ( ! old race might gradually d]ive1 by spiritual reg5]ation1 a new life1 :i* %\ld p5etrate & spread1 & ou/ ! corruption ( ! old manhood1 till ! :ole 0 r$eem$ & u%]$ into ! glory = :i* x _h be5 orig9ally de/9$4 ,& "h1 9 ! passage we are n[ to read1 ,/4 ,paul develops ! ?\ght ( ! influ5ce ( ,adam & 8 s9 ^u ! human race1 & draws f x an argum5t = ! deep] & great] influ5ce ( ! ,new ,man ^u ! same race1 recon/itut$ "u a new head4 ,adam's s9--! disob$i5ce ( ! "o man--_h a disa/r\s effect ^u 8 race z a #ahg :ole4 ,x introduc$ s91 & ?r\gh s9 its p5alty1 dea?2 & x pass$ to all mank9d--! p5alty1 because also ! s94 ,all m5 s9n$ 9 fact1 & all di$4 ,?is c be /at$ )\t exception4 ,x is q true t :]e !re is no special law to in/ruct m51 !y may s9 ignorantly1 & !re=e )\t its be+ imput$ to !m z guilt2 yet ! s9 is !re all ! same1 & its pres5ce1 be=e ! ,mosaic law 0 giv5 to enlight5 m51 0 m>k$ by ! reign ( dea?1 ev5 9 ! case ( p]sons innoc5t ( any actual s9 l ,adam's4 ,s9 !n1 z m>k$ by dea?1 exi/s univ]sally1 ap>t f any k ( x or ev5 any actual (f5ce1 z ! effect ( ,adam's transgression ^u 8 :ole race4 ,b to ,adam corresponds 9 ! div9e purpose ,*ri/4 ,he is ! new head ( ! race--to transmit ! free gift ( life1 z ,adam transmitt$ ! p5alty ( dea?4 ,8 life 0 "o summ>y ob$i5ce3 "o p]fectly acceptable object to ! eyes ( ,god4 ,& !re fl[s f x an abundant riv] ( ! good fav\r ( ,god--:i* is also ! good fav\r ( ! man ,jesus ,*ri/--& ( ! gift by :i* t good fav\r %[s itself1 ! gift ( righte\sness ext5d+ on into an et]nal life4 ,!re=e we may argue #ahh a =tiori#a f ! influ5ce ( ,adam to ! influ5ce ( ,*ri/--a =tiori1 because1 ?\gh ,god has be51 s to speak1 con/ra9$ to puni% u1 ,8 :ole desire is to d u good2 & ! me?od ( diffusion :i* ,he has all[$ to op]ate = evil1 we c be mu* m sure ,he w set to "w = good#b4 ,we see ! trespass ( ! "o g5]at+ univ]sal dea?1 & we are sure t ! c\nt] influ5ce ( ,*ri/ is z univ]sally diffusive & incomp>ably m p[]ful4 ,we see ! "o man's (f5ce appeal+ to ,god = judgem5t & produc+ a condemn$ race2 b we see1 on ! o!r h&1 a multitude ( s9s appeal+ to ! div9e compassion to let loose ! free gift :i* %all make = acquittal4 ,if ! consequ5ce ( ! transgression 0 inevitable1 & a reign ( dea? foll[$1 s mu* m c]ta9ly mu/ ! div9e gift1 abundant z x is1 br+ ab\t ! triumph ( et]nal life4 ,if ! "o fault diffus$ itself 9 univ]sal condemnation1 s ! "o act :i* meets ! div9e approval mu/ diffuse itself to produce #ahi univ]sally an accept$ life4 ,"o disob$i5ce made ! :ole race s9n]s3 "o ob$i5ce %all make ! :ole race righte\s4 ,! law came 9 p>5!tically to ! _w ( s9 & dea? to let actual s91 l ,adam's1 h its full & fatal scope4 ,b ! greatness ( ! s9 only magnifies /ill m ! greatness ( ! rem$y :i* div9e goodness supplies1 t ! sov]eignty ( s9 9 a _w ( dea? might be swall[$ up 9 ! sov]eignty ( div9e goodwill work+ ?r\gh righte\sness unto life et]nal ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l4 ,!re=e1 z ?r\gh "o man s9 ent]$ into ! _w1 & dea? ?r\gh s92 & s dea? pass$ unto all m51 = t all s9n$3--= until ! law s9 0 9 ! _w3 b s9 is n imput$ :5 !re is no law4 ,nev]!less dea? reign$ f ,adam until ,moses1 ev5 ov] !m t _h n s9n$ aft] ! lik5ess ( ,adam's transgression1 :o is a figure ( him t 0 to come4 ,b n z ! trespass1 s also is ! free gift4 ,= if by ! trespass ( ! "o ! _m di$1 mu* m did ! grace ( ,god1 & ! gift by ! grace ( ! "o man1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ab\nd unto ! _m4 ,& n z ?r\gh "o t s9n$1 s is ! gift3 = ! judgem5t came ( "o unto condemnation1 b ! free gift came ( _m trespasses unto ju/ification4 ,= if1 by ! trespass ( ! "o1 dea? reign$ ?r\gh ! "o2 mu* m %all !y t receive ! abundance ( grace & ( ! gift ( righte\sness reign 9 life ?r\gh ! "o1 ev5 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,s !n z ?r\gh "o trespass ! judgem5t came unto all m5 to #aij condemnation2 ev5 s ?r\gh "o act ( righte\sness ! free gift came unto all m5 to ju/ification ( life4 ,= z ?r\gh ! "o man's disob$i5ce ! _m 7 made s9n]s1 ev5 s ?r\gh ! ob$i5ce ( ! "o %all ! _m be made righte\s4 ,& ! law came 9 beside1 t ! trespass might ab\nd2 b :]e s9 ab\nd$1 grace did ab\nd m exce$+ly3 t1 z s9 reign$ 9 dea?1 ev5 s might grace reign ?r\gh righte\sness unto et]nal life ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l4 #a4 ,/4 ,paul 9 ?is section1 z also 9 "p 9 8 spee* at ,a!ns1 tea*es1 z matt] :i* c be assum$ & ne$ n be emphasiz$1 t ,god made '( "o' 7,adam7 'e nation ( m5#c'2 t ,adam1 by actual transgression ( a div9e comm&m5t1 introduc$ s91 & ) s9 dea? :i* is its puni%m5t1 into ! _w ( man2 & t z a result all m5 s9n$4 ,?is univ]sal s9 he w\ld1 no d\bt--z 9 *apt] i1 s "h--ascribe 9 "p to m5's own wills4 ,9 ?is v *apt] he ass]ts t :at f9ally 'ab\nd$' 0 actual 'transgression' l ,adam's#d4 ,b ?is is n ! :ole acc\nt ( ! matt]4 ,prior to all "q ( actual s9s2 prior to all "q ( k or consequ5t responsibility1 dea? 0 univ]sal1 & dea? m>k$ ! inw>d reign #aia ( s94 ,m5 9 ! mass 71 ?r\gh ,adam's s91 con/itut$ s9n]s#e4 ,/4 ,paul !n1 assum+ "h z else:]e#f ! n>rative ( ,g54 iii z true 9 sub/ance if n 9 =m1 tea*es 7#a7 ! unity ( our race z d]iv$ f ,adam2 7#b7 ! orig9al transgression ( ,adam1 z be+ p>tly ! example ( subsequ5t s9s & p>tly ! s\rce ( a moral corruption1 :i* s9ce 8 fall has be5 inh]5t 9 our race indep5d5tly ( any actual s9s2 & 7#c7 ! introduction ( dea? into ! human race z ! puni%m5t ( s94 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! common idea ( an imputation ( ,adam's guilt to 8 desc5dants he expressly does n tea*4 ,s9 is n imput$ or reckon$ z guilt to ! individual ap>t f ! k necess>y to con/itute responsibility#g4 ,x is extraord9>y h[ ! idea ( imput$ guilt c h come to be ascrib$ to ,/4 ,paul :5 he expressly gu>ds aga9/ x4 ,:at ! desc5dants ( ,adam inh]it is an actual inh]5t weakness or s9fulness4 ,aga91 ,/4 ,paul does n attempt to analyze ! actual s9 ( ! _w s z to discrim9ate betwe5 ! factors ( inh]it$ #aib weakness on ! "o h& & reit]at$ acts ( rebellion on ! o!r2 b he recognizes bo?4 ,8 language inde$ "h1 & 9 *apt] vii1 w\ld be satisfi$ by a v mod]ate doctr9e ( ! effects ( orig9al s91 t is1 ( ! transmitt$ effect ( s91 consid]$ ap>t f its repetition4 ,!re is no w>rant :atev] 9 ,/4 ,paul = ! idea t "o man's s9 result$ 9 ! total depravity ( human nature4 ,once m he is cont5t1 z usual1 to tea* g5]ally & )\t exactness4 ,?us he does n consid] ! exceptions to ! univ]sal law ( dea? record$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t--,eno* & ,elijah--?\gh he1 no d\bt1 recogniz$ !m4 ,t 9 spite ( ^! exceptions he /ill /ates ! law ) su* univ]sality3 ',dea? reign$ f ,adam to ,moses ev5 ov] !m t _h n s9n$#h' is a w>n+ n to und]/& ,/4 ,paul's univ]sal propositions ) an exactness only applicable to ^? ( a s*oolman or a mod]n man ( sci5ce4 #b4 ,s mu* = ! sub/ance ( ,/4 ,paul's tea*+2 & n[ :at is to be said z to its s\rces8 ,/4 ,paul /ates 8 doctr9e ( orig9al s9 z if x 7 a commonplace :i* he c\ld #aic assume & argue f4 ,n[ ! ,book ( ,g5esis c]ta9ly spoke ( a primaeval disob$i5ce 9 our fir/ p>5ts1 & ( ! infliction on !m1 z a p5alty = _! disob$i5ce1 ( conditions ( /rife & pa9 & dea?4 ,b ! idea ( ! transmission ( s9fulness does n seem to be sugge/$4 ,moreov]1 ?is n>rative made rem>kably little impression on ! ,old ,te/am5t lit]ature z a :ole#i4 ,! doctr9e1 h[ev]1 ( ! introduction ( dea? ?r\gh ! temptation & s9 ( ,adam & ,eve is f\nd aga9 9 ! apocryphal lit]ature3 ?us1 ',god creat$ man = incorruption1 444 b by ! envy ( ! devil dea? ent]$ into ! _w#aj4' ,f a woman 0 ! beg9n+ ( s92 & because ( h] we all die#aa4' ,unto ,adam ?\ gave/ ?y "o comm&m5t1 :i* he transgress$1 & imm$iately ?\ appo9t$/ dea? = him & 9 8 g5]ations2 & !re 7 born ( him nations & tribes1 peoples #aid & k9dr$s1 out ( numb]#ab4' ',adam s9n$1 & dea? 0 decre$ aga9/ ^? :o %\ld be born#ac4' ,?is 0 also ! preval5t doctr9e ( ! ,rabbis repres5t$ 9 ! ,talmud4 ,! idea ( an inh]itance ( moral corruption--b n specially associat$ ) ,adam's fall--may be f\nd 9 ! cry ( ! ,psalmi/1 ',9 s9 ha? my "m conceiv$ me6' p]haps also 9 o!r passages ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & 9 our ,"l's tea*+1 z record$ bo? by ! ,synopti/s & 9 ,/4 ,john's ,gospel#ad2 b z connect$ ) ,adam's s9 x does n1 s f> z c be asc]ta9$1 appe> = c]ta9 9 ,jewi% lit]ature till we get to ! ,second ,book ( ,esdras1 a ,jewi% ,apocalypse lat] ?an ,/4 ,paul4 ,!re x is taught t !re 0 orig9ally a se$ ( evil1 'a wick$ he>t1' 9 ,adam z he 0 creat$1 side by side ) ! good 9 him1 & t he by 8 s9 gave x prepond]ance 9 ! race#ae--;a =m ( tea*+ n by any means id5tical ) ,/4 ,paul's4 ,on ! :ole1 !n1 x rema9s a matt] ( "s d\bt :at exactly 0 ! s\rce #aie :5ce ,/4 ,paul got ! c]ta9ty & complet5ess ( 8 doctr9e ( '! fault & corruption ( ! nature ( e man t naturally is +5d]$ ( ! (fspr+ ( ,adam4' #c4 ,! m important "q = u1 h[ev]1 is n :5ce ,/4 ,paul d]iv$ ! mat]ials = 8 tea*+1 b :e!r x is true--:e!r x c hold 9 ! light ( mod]n an?ropology4 ,& to ?is "q only a p>tial answ]--! answ] t appe>s to be mo/ necess>y--w be attempt$ "h#af4 ,we are 9 our g5]ation rightly anxi\s if we are ask$ to accept any pr(ess$ly hi/orical /atem5t = :i* we feel ! evid5ce is d\btful4 ,we "k t f ! po9t ( view ( hi/ory ! orig9 ( our human species is lo/ 9 d5se obscurity & unc]ta9ty4 ,& x relieves _m consci5ces to realize t1 if ,/4 ,paul /ates 8 argum5t 9 a =m :i* implies ! hi/orical "* ( ! n>rative 9 ,g5esis iii1 all t is necess>y = 8 argum5t is to assume 7#a7 t ! human race is organically "o1 & c be dealt ) z "o2 7#b7 t s9 is univ]sal 9 our race2 7#c7 t at lea/ ! /+ or curse or bondage ( dea? is due to s94 ,if we realize t ?is is all t #aif ne$ be all[$ 9 ord] to give u full fell[%ip 9 ,/4 ,paul's religi\s tea*+1 we %all be able to inve/igate ! fur!r tru? ( 8 tea*+1 f a sci5tific & hi/orical po9t ( view1 ) a free m9d4 ,& ! ?ree propositions /at$ above are n reasonably op5 to d\bt1 7#a7 ,t our race is "o species1 & d]iv$ f "o s\rce1 is ! conclusion ( ! mod]n e?nologi/ z mu* z ( ,/4 ,paul#ag4 ,! g5]al !ory ( evolution has effectively c\nt]act$ ! previ\s t5d5cy to po/ulate ! exi/5ce ( v>i\s indep5d5t races ( m54 7#b7 ,!re are _m pr(essors ( psy*ology :o d5y ! exi/5ce ( moral fre$om & consequ5tly ( s9 9 ,/4 ,paul's s5se at all4 ,z ,i h already po9t$ out1 ?is is ! real battle-gr\nd betwe5 !ology & sci5ce4 ,b grant$ ! reality ( moral fre$om & ( #aig s91 i4e4 ( some?+ :i* ne$ n & ought n to h be5 committ$1 x is impossible to d5y t1 bel[ ! innum]able s9s ( :i* human hi/ory is full1 !re exi/s deep 9 our nature an 'in]adicable ta9t'--a morbid t5d5cy to d wrong--a bias or prop5sity to evil--:i* is ! h]itage ( our race2 :i* inde$ m5 may become unconsci\s ( by acquiesc+ 9 s91 b ( :i* !y become pa9fully consci\s aga9 z soon z !y are awak5$ to a moral ideal4 ,! late ,dr4 ,mozley collect$ a rem>kable s]ies ( passages f :at he calls 'worldly philosoph]s & poets'--notably ,byron & ,%elley--te/ify+ to ! belief 9 univ]sal s9#ah4 ,?is ( c\rse we may say is only ! inh]itance ( animal t5d5cies f an animal ance/ry2 b if s1 x is exactly :at our high] spiritual nature might & ought to h subdu$ long ago & br\ght into subjection4 ,its pres5ce ) u & 9 u n[ is ! result ( s9s innum]able--innum]able wilful pref]5ces ( ! l[] to ! high] nature1 :i* h let x loose & giv5 x =ce4 ,x is1 9 ! /ricte/ s5se1 ! inh]itance ( s9 9 ! race4 7#c7 ,! ,new ,te/am5t frequ5tly reit]ates #aih ! ass]tion t ,*ri/ has robb$ dea? ( its /+ or deliv]$ m5 f its bondage4 ,& ?is is also express$ 7bo? by ,/4 ,paul & by our ,"l ,himself1 z report$ by ,/4 ,john7 by say+ t ,*ri/ has 'aboli%$ dea?#ai' or t ! believ] %all nev] die#bj4 ,b if ,*ri/ has aboli%$ dea?1 !n !re is at lea/ a c]ta9 s5se 9 :i* s9 has be5 ! cause ( dea?4 ,! ess5ce ( dea?1 accord+ to ?is use ( ! ^w1 lies n 9 ! physical transition f "o /ate ( exi/5ce to ano!r1 :i* is no m dea? ?an x is bir?4 ,dea? means de/ruction1 ru9 & collapse4 ,& :at is call$ dea?--! dea? ( ! pres5t body--has only ga!r$ ab\t x su* t]rible associations because m5 h become corrupt1 & godless & !re=e %ort-sight$ 9 _! e/imate ( life4 ,9 ! moral s5se !n 9 :i* ,*ri/ aboli%$ dea?1 s9 c]ta9ly introduc$ x = man4 ,n[ !re is1 ,i ?9k1 reason to believe m exactly ) ,/4 ,paul ?an is involv$ 9 ^! ?ree positions#ba4 ,b ,i feel sure t any "o :o accepts ^! ?ree positions--no "o ( :i* any believ] 9 ,god & morality c well #aii reject--may f9d himself 9 complete practical fell[%ip ) ,/4 ,paul's religi\s ?\ght & ) ! :ole argum5t ( ?is epi/le4 ,humanity1 9 spite ( all its racial diff]5ces1 is a great unity3 x is1 if n '( "o' individual1 yet '( "o blood1' & x is z a :ole infect$ ) s92 ?is is 9 effect ! doctr9e ( ! 'old ,adam4' ,& because x is "o1 & univ]sally ta9t$1 !re=e ,*ri/ c deal ) x z "o1 9 ord] to accompli% its re/oration4 ,& all ,/4 ,paul's argum5t holds good4 ,god has made humanity "o1 & s "o t :at ea* does t5ds to affect all4 ,?us x has come ab\t t ! =ce ( s9--! wilful refusal ( ! high] life & *oice ( ! l[]--has pass$ 9 its effects into ! moral fibre ( our race1 & weak5$ & corrupt$ ! :ole4 ,god tol]ates ?is1 = man mu/ be1 & mu/ be dealt ) z be+1 "o & free4 ,b ,god desires ! well-be+ ( man4 ,he hates s94 ,x has all b baffl$ ,8 purpose = man4 ,!re=e1 if ,he has tol]at$ ! use :i* s9 has made ( ! organic unity ( ! human race1 ,he c mu* m be tru/$ to use t same unity = ! purpose ( good4 ,z man is "o 9 s91 s we c be "o 9 righte\sness3 z ! old ,adam has be5 #bjj univ]sal1 s c ! new4 ,z s9 has be5 propagat$ physically1 s ,*ri/ c spiritually propagate ! new manhood4 ,! =ces ( recov]y %all spread & p]meate m radically ?an ! =ces ( evil1 & %all f9ally triumph4 ,( c\rse1 9 view ( all ! deep racial diff]5ces betwe51 = in/ance1 ,europeans1 ,*9am51 & ! races ( ,india1 to believe 9 ! unity ( humanity 9 any real s5se at all is a great act ( fai?4 ,b x is an act ( fai? 9 :i* sci5ce enc\rages u1 & n lea/ ! comp>ative /udy ( religions4 ,our religi\s in/9cts & faculties are f\nd 9 v diff]5t degrees ( developm5t1 b !y are fundam5tally ! same4 ,& x is an act ( fai? to :i* ,*ri/ & ,*ri/ianity fundam5tally commit u1 ?\gh x is probably true to say t s9ce ,new ,te/am5t times ! bro!rhood ( m5 has be5 practically f\nd to be ! mo/ difficult ( ,*ri/ian dogmas4 #d4 ,x is n inopportune1 9 view ( rec5t controv]sy1 to call att5tion 9 ?is connexion to ! fact t ,/4 ,paul's doctr9e ( ,*ri/ z ! second ,adam ( necessity involves 9 "s =m ,8 miracul\s bir?4 ,/4 ,paul inde$ says no?+ ab\t ,*ri/'s nativity ( #bja ! ,virg9 z an ev5t 9 hi/ory2 b he conceives ( ! ,*ri/ z a fre% />t 9 manhood1 a new man1 :o yet drew ! sub/ance ( ,8 manhood f ! old /ock1 = ,he 0 'born ( a woman1' & '( ! se$ ( ,david4' ,!re is ?us physical cont9uity betwe5 ! old ,adam & ,*ri/1 & yet1 f ! moral po9t ( view1 ! break is complete4 ,! inh]itance ( s9 :i* has foll[$1 & mu/ accord+ to natural law foll[1 physical desc5t1 is q cut (f4 ,*ri/ is man ( our old sub/ance & yet new man1 :olly free f any ta9t ( s94 ,?is involves a new creative act ^u ! manhood ( ,*ri/ 9 its s\rce4 ,x involves some?+ /rictly miracul\s condition+ ! cont9uity ( ,8 desc5t f ,david4 ,!re is cont9uity1 & yet a break 9 cont9uity4 ,& ?is is exactly :at ! /rongly-atte/$ fact ( ! ,virg9 bir?--:atev] be ! physiological acc\nt :i* is to be giv5 ( x--is calculat$ to supply4 ,x pres5ts u ) a ,*ri/ born ( a woman1 ( ! sub/ance ( our nature1 & yet only s con/itut$ by a new creative act ( ,god4 #e4 ,x w ( c\rse be notic$ t ! drift ( ,/4 ,paul's argum5t 9 ?is passage is directly t[>ds univ]sal salvation1 = '! _m' #bjb means '! :ole mass4' ,?is is ! case 9 o!r places :]e he is consid]+ :at we may call ! natural t5d5cy & scope ( ! gospel1 ',z 9 ,adam all die1 ev5 s 9 ,*ri/ %all all be made alive4' ,b !re are passages ( a diff]5t t5d5cy 9 ,/4 ,paul's epi/les1 :]e he is consid]+ ! human attitude t[>ds ! purpose ( ,god2 & !re he appe>s to emphasize /rongly ! p[] ( ! human w to refuse ! light & turn ,god's bless+ into a curse4 ,if ! 'sav\r' ( ! apo/le's prea*+ is to '^? :o are be+ sav$ a sav\r proce$+ f life & t5d+ to life1' ev5 et]nal life1 x is = ! wilful :o are p]i%+ 9 _! wilfulness 'a sav\r z f dea? & t5d+ to dea?'3 = !y %all 'suff] puni%m5t1 ev5 et]nal de/ruction f ! face ( ! ,"l1 & f ! glory ( 8 might#bb4' ,:at ?is et]nal de/ruction means1 & h[ x is to be h>moniz$ ) ! vision ( unity1 we _c precisely tell4 ,v]ily1 'we "k' b '9 "p4' ,b at lea/ we mu/ recognize t ,/4 ,paul ass]ts bo? sides ( ! picture3 & t ! 't]ror' & ! hope are n dissociable4 #f4 ,we mu/ also notice1 be=e we leave ! #bjc passage1 t ! application ( ! ^w ju/ification receives a c]ta9 ext5sion4 ,z ! 'grace' ( ,god is associat$ ) a 'gift ( righte\sness#bc1' t is to say1 ( real fell[%ip 9 ! life ( ,god1 s ! prelim9>y 'ju/ification ( s9n]s1' 9 :i* ! div9e grace fir/ ( all conspicu\sly %[s itself1 is to pass into a 'ju/ification ( life' 7or 'a ju/ification tak+ effect 9 life'72 t is to say1 ! actual life is to become acceptable4 ,god beg9s ) accept+ s9n]s & deal+ ) !m z if !y 7 righte\s if only !y w believe4 ,b x is 9 view ( a moral process :i* is to produce a new life1 & is to end 9 mak+ acceptable n !mselves only1 9 spite ( _! lives1 b _! life itself4 ,! object ( ! ju/ify+ fai? is1 & mu/ be1 z we saw1 a liv+ p]son4 ,x is ,*ri/ :o 0 'rais$ aga9 = our ju/ification4' ,& ! liv+ ,*ri/ c be satisfi$ ) no?+ %ort ( a liv+ fell[%ip betwe5 u & ,himself 9 ,8 own life & _s4 #a ,an a =tiori argum5t means an argum5t ) a '/ill m' 9 x3--,if some?+ is s !n /ill m some?+ else4 #b ,! words 9 brackets are ! suppress$ premise 9 ! argum5t--suppress$1 b none ! less evid5t4 #c ,acts xvii4 #bf4 #d v]4 #bj4 #e v]4 #ac1 #ad1 #ai4 #f #a ,cor4 xi4 #c2 #a ,tim4 ii4 #ac-ae4 #g ,rom4 iv4 #ae2 v4 #ac4 #h ,mu* m 7! argum5t implies7 aft] ! law _h be5 giv5 & s9 c\ld be 'imput$' z s9 aga94 #i ,! ref]5ces 9 ,hos4 vi4 #g1 ,isa4 xliii4 #bg1 ,job xxxi4 #cc1 are n c]ta9ly1 or ev5 probably1 to ,adam4 ,!re is an obscure b int]e/+ ref]5ce 9 ,ezek4 xxviii4 #ad-af1 9 :i* '! fall' seems to be treat$ z repres5tative ( ,tyre's fall1 & presumably !re=e ( all situations 9 :i* div9e gifts & vocations are squ&]$ & lo/4 #aj ,wisd4 ii4 #bc1 #bd2 cf4 ,rom4 v4 #ab4 #aa ,ecclus4 xxv4 #bd4 ,! fir/ clause ne$ n mean m ?an '%e 0 ! fir/ to s94' #ab #b ,esdras iii4 #g4 #ac ,apoc4 ,b>u* xxiii4 #d1 & else:]e4 ,9 p>ts ( ?is book ! p5alty ( ,adam's s9 is reg>d$ z be+ n dea?1 b premature dea?3 see liv4 #ae1 lvi4 #f1 & ,mr4 ,*>les' notes4 #ad ,see ,matt4 vii4 #aa2 ,john ii4 #be2 iii4 #c1 c4 #ae #b ,esdras iii4 #ba1 #bb2 iv4 #cj2 vii4 #dh4 #af ,! matt] is to be dealt ) m at l5g? 9 app4 note ,e4 #ag ,see ,e4 ,b4 ,tylor 9 ,encycl4 ,brit4 ii1 s4v4 ,,an?ropology1 p4 #aad3 ',! polyg5i/ view 7i4e4 ! doctr9e ( a plurality ( orig9s7 till a few ye>s s9ce 0 ga9+ gr\nd4 ,two mod]n views1 h[ev] 7i4e4 ! belief 9 ! antiquity ( man & ! developm5t ( species71 h t5d$ to re/ore1 ?\gh "u a new aspect1 ! doctr9e ( a s+le human /ock4' ,cf4 ,d>w91 ,desc5t ( ,man 7#bnd ed471 p4 #agf3 ',^? naturali/s :o admit ! pr9ciple ( evolution 444 w feel no d\bt t all ! races ( m5 are desc5d$ f a s+le primitive /ock4' ,see also ,keane 9 app4 note ,e4 #ah ,mozley's ,lectures & ,!ol4 ,pap]s 7,longmans71 pp4 #aeg ff4 #ai #b ,tim4 i4 #aj4 #bj ,john vi4 #ej2 viii4 #ea4 #ba ,see app4 note ,e4 #bb #b ,!ss4 i4 #g-aj2 #b ,cor4 ii4 #af4 #bc v]4 #ag4 #bjd ,,division ,,iii4 #c4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 #a-ad4 ,! ,*ri/ian life a liv+ by dy+4 ,x has n[ be5 made app>5t t belief 9 ,*ri/ introduces a man into a new sph]e ( 'life 9 ,*ri/' or '/ate ( grace'--a /ate1 t is1 9 :i* ! div9e grace or goodwill is ! atmosph]e & motive =ce4 ,& j z ) 8 natural life he inh]it$ all ! ta9t & curse atta*+ to s9 9 ! unr$eem$ manhood1 s n[ 9 8 new /ate he receives f ,*ri/ all ! b\ntiful outp\r+1 n ( acquittal only1 b ( div9e life4 ,:at he is call$ to witness is ! triumph ( ! div9e goodwill ov] ! old =ces & t5d5cies ( s9 9 himself & 9 ! _w4 ,b n[ a mon/r\s sugge/ion pres5ts itself1 ak9 to t attempt ( ! ,jew 7( :i* we he>d 9 *apt] iii7 to claim exemption f ! div9e judgem5t on 8 own s9s on ! gr\nd t ,jewi% unfai?fulness _h b giv5 #bje ,god a backgr\nd ^u :i* to reveal ,himself & ,8 righte\sness m effectively4 ,/4 ,paul1 we saw1 indignantly cru%$ t attempt to use logic aga9/ consci5ce4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 a simil> sugge/ion makes itself he>d1 only f ! side n ( ,jewi% facti\sness1 b ( ,g5tile lawlessness4 ,w\ld x n give div9e grace a /ill bett] opportunity to %[ its quality if1 n[ t we are ,*ri/ians1 we g on liv+ our old life ( s98 ,! m x has got to =give 9 u1 ! m sup]abundant w its m]cy appe>4 ,%all we n !n cont9ue 9 s9 t grace may ab\nd8 ,we h o!r reasons1 besides ?is passage1 = believ+ t ,/4 ,paul's tea*+ ab\t div9e grace & ju/ify+ fai? n only admitt$ ( be+ misund]/ood1 b 0 misund]/ood1 9 8 own "t#a z at lat] p]iods1 9 su* a way z to cut ! roots ( moral ef=t4 ',unle>n$ & un/able m5 7 wre/+ 8 words to _! own de/ruction4' ,& to any lawless sugge/ions bas$ ^u ! misuse ( ,god's free grace1 ,/4 ,paul _h already giv5 ! easie/ answ] :5 he _h laid x d[n #bjf z an absolutely univ]sal tru? t ,god w at la/ 'r5d] to e man accord+ to 8 works 444 to !m t are facti\s & obey n ! tru? b obey unrighte\sness1 wra? & indignation1 tribulation & angui%1 ^u e s\l ( man t worke? evil'2 or :5 he _h met ! develop$ logic ( ! self-excus+ ,jew ) ! %>p & f9al rejo9d]--'^: condemnation is j4' ,"h h[ev] ,/4 ,paul gives n ! easie/ answ] to ! ant9omian sugge/ion1 b a deep1 fruitful1 & decisive "o4 ,he demon/rates ! absolute incompatibility ( pr9ciple betwe5 ! life ( s9 & ! ,*ri/ian /ate4 ,by ! v nature ( ! case no man c belong to bo?4 ,z ,/4 ,john said1 'he t is begott5 ( ,god' 9 ! new life 9 ,*ri/ '_c s9' )\t !reby ab&on+ 8 new /&+-gr\nd4 ,at ! mom5t :5 we became ,*ri/ians by ! act ( baptism1 we said good-bye to ! old life ( s9 z completely z a dy+ man says good-bye to ! famili> sc5es & passes ov] to 'yond] side4' ,we 7 admitt$ by baptism into ,*ri/ ,jesus2 t is1 we 7 admitt$ into a c]ta9 sort ( human life ) a c]ta9 law or "*4 ,:at is !n ! "* & law ( ,*ri/'s life8 ',we believe t #bjg ,jesus di$ & rose aga9#b4' ,t is ! c5tral & summ>y fact ab\t ,him4 ,he pass$ to life ?r\gh dea?4 ,& ?is physical dea? ( ,8 on ! cross 0 n m]ely a fact 9 hi/ory1 x 0 a fact ) a moral significance#c4 ,:ile ,he _h be5 9 ?is s9ful _w ( ours ,he _h borne its s91 b _h no "p 9 x4 ,he 0 9 ! s9ful _w1 b n ( x4 ,he 0 to s9 & all its motives z "o dead4 ,& by ,8 physical dea? ^u ! cross ,he gave summ>y expression to ?is moral ali5ation4 ,he made a f9al & outw>d brea* ) s91 & pass$ out ( its range1 = ev]more 'sep>at$ f s9n]s4' ',he di$ to s9 once = all4' ,& ! glory ( ! ,fa!r#d broke =? f its cu/om>y concealm5t & v9dicat$ ! ,*ri/ by rais+ ,him f ! dead1 because ( :at ,8 dea? _h morally meant4 ,?us ! 'lik5ess1' or moral c\nt]p>t1 ( ,*ri/'s dea? is to be1 l ,him1 dead to s94 ,& if we are n call$ to be physically crucifi$1 we are call$ to its moral c\nt]p>t4 ,we mu/ become morally '( "o gr[?' ) #bjh ,*ri/'s dea?#e1 l ! slip ) ! tree x is graft$ into4 ,only s c we %>e ! new life ( ,8 resurrection4 ,?is is repres5t$ 9 ! v c]emony ( our baptism4 ,x 0 impress$ ^u u by all its outw>d symbolism t to become a ,*ri/ian we mu/ die to ! old life4 ,we 7 br\ght to ! m>g9 ( ! wat] z to a dea?1 & desc5d$1 b[$ b5ea? ! waves1 z into ! tomb ) ,*ri/3 9 ord] s1 & only s1 z hav+ di$ & be5 buri$1 to em]ge aga9 into ! new life "u ! conditions ( :i* h5ce=? we are to conduct ourselves#f4 ,& ?is new life is n only an actual pres5t fell[%ip 9 ! ris5 ,*ri/ 7v]4 #d73 x expects to become s 7v]4 #e7 9 a full] & complet] measure1 b always on ! basis ( "o & ! same cle> conviction1 :i* we may express ?us--,:5 ,*ri/ 0 nail$ to ! cross1 our old s9ful manhood 0 nail$ !re ) ,him1 s t h5ce=? our animal nature1 hi!rto ! haunt & /ronghold ( s91 might be p>alyz$ & r5d]$ z p[]less z any crucifi$ crim9al1 & we1 set free to become new m51 might no long] be s9's slaves4 ,t old s9ful self ( #bji ours 0 put to dea?1 & we pass$1 z new m51 into ano!r life4 ,h5ce=? ! tyrant s9 has no claim on u1 = dea? closes all scores & acquits ( all claims4 ',! man is dead' is a summ>y & f9al plea aga9/ all claimants1 & t is our plea aga9/ ! claim ( s94 ,we h di$ to x once & = all4 ,!re=e1 & only !re=e1 we c hope to %>e ! dea?less glory ( ,*ri/'s resurrection4 ,he di$ once1 & pass$ h5ce=? altoge!r out ( dea?'s control4 ,= ! dea? t ,he di$ 0 to make an end ) s91 & t 0 done once = all4 ,h5ce=? !re is no?+ left b life1 & t life 9 ! et]nal ,god4 ,?is !re=e is ! view we are to take ( ourselves z n[ includ$ 9 ,*ri/3 we are1 9 reg>d to s91 dead m5 :o are no long] responsive to its impulses or alive to its int]e/s3 & !re=e1 9 reg>d to ,god1 we are alive 9 ,*ri/ to :om we are unit$4 ,& 7v]4 #ab7 ! practical duty :i* foll[s f ?is is pla94 ,*ri/ians mu/ n ackn[l$ge a tyrant ^: /r5g? & p[] is gone = ev]1 by lett+ s9 /ill reign 9 ! l[] "p ( _! nature--! body /ill subject to physical dea?--& s br+ _! high] nature into an unnatural subjection to its appetites3 !y mu/ #baj n leave ! limbs ( _! r$eem$ selves at ! disposal ( ! de?ron$ k+ ,s91 to be us$ z weapons = ! w>f>e ( iniquity4 ,no3 !y mu/ correspond to ! privileges ( ! new life 9 ,god into :i* !y h pass$1 by mak+ an (f]+ ( !mselves#g to ,god1 ) all ! free w :i* befits ^? :o 7 dead & are alive aga92 & an (f]+ also ( _! limbs1 n[ re/or$ to _! own control1 z weapons = ,god's w>f>e ( righte\sness4 ,s9 %all no long] be _! "l4 ,t despotism belong$ to ! days :5 !y 7 "u ! law4 ,n[ x is n ! law !y are "u1 b ! sov]eignty ( ! div9e goodwill4 ,:at %all we say !n8 ,%all we cont9ue 9 s91 t grace may ab\nd8 ,god =bid4 ,we :o di$ to s91 h[ %all we any long] live !re98 ,or are ye ignorant t all we :o 7 baptiz$ into ,*ri/ ,jesus 7 baptiz$ into 8 dea?8 ,we 7 buri$ !re=e ) him ?r\gh baptism into dea?3 t l z ,*ri/ 0 rais$ f ! dead ?r\gh ! glory ( ! ,fa!r1 s we also might walk 9 newness ( life4 ,= if we h become unit$ ) ! lik5ess ( 8 dea?1 we %all be also ) ! lik5ess ( 8 resurrection2 kn[+ ?is1 t our old man 0 crucifi$ ) him1 t ! body ( #baa s9 might be done away1 t s we %\ld no long] be 9 bondage to s92 = he t ha? di$ is ju/ifi$ f s94 ,b if we di$ ) ,*ri/1 we believe t we %all also live ) him2 kn[+ t ,*ri/ be+ rais$ f ! dead die? no m2 dea? no m ha? dom9ion ov] him4 ,= ! dea? t he di$1 he di$ unto s9 once3 b ! life t he live?1 he live? unto ,god4 ,ev5 s reckon ye also y\rselves to be dead unto s91 b alive unto ,god 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,let n s9 !re=e reign 9 y\r mortal body1 t ye %\ld obey ! lu/s !re(3 nei!r pres5t y\r memb]s unto s9 z in/rum5ts ( unrighte\sness2 b pres5t y\rselves unto ,god1 z alive f ! dead1 & y\r memb]s z in/rum5ts ( righte\sness unto ,god4 ,= s9 %all n h dom9ion ov] y3 = ye are n "u law1 b "u grace4 #a4 ,9 ! analysis ( ! passage giv5 above1 ! ord] ( ! ideas has be5 some:at alt]$1 & _! mean+ exp&$1 ) ! int5tion ( r5d]+ ! real argum5t m intelligible2 :ile ,i believe t no idea is sugge/$ t is =eign to ! orig9al4 ,! passage1 h[ev]1 is extraord9>ily cond5s$1 & is full ( "s ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic ( ,/4 ,paul's ?\ghts--among/ !m t ( ! life 9 ,*ri/ z be+ a liv+ by dy+1 or a life out ( dea?4 ,x is impossible to try to lead a human life "u any /&>d t c be call$ moral )\t kn[+ t x involves "s sort ( 'mortification' ( selfi% & s5sual appetites4 ,!re #bab is t 9 human nature :i*1 z morali/s g5]ally mu/ recognize & 9 fact h 9 a measure recogniz$1 mu/ be 'done to dea?4' ,x 0 ?is pr9ciple t 0 express$ ) su* t]rible vig\r by our ,"l :5 ,he bade u pluck out ! (f5d+ eye & cut (f ! (f5d+ h&4 ,b ! novelty 9 ,*ri/ianity 0 ! emphasis :i* x laid r on ! liv+ ?an on ! dy+2 x 0 its tea*+ z to ! infusion into human life ( a new & positive spiritual =ce1 :i* 0 to ov]come evil ) good & swall[ up dea? 9 victory4 ,x 0 by _! belief 9 a gift ( ! ,_s imp>t$ to !m1 & by _! result+ p[] to ?9k & act freely accord+ to ,god1 t ! ,*ri/ians 7 di/+ui%$ f ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,x is ?is ^u :i* _! apo/olic tea*]s cont9ually insi/4 ',i h writt5 unto y "y m51 because ye are /rong4' ',z _m z are lead by ! ,_s ( ,god1 !y are ! sons ( ,god4' ,x is only z x 7 9 ! second place t x appe>s t ?is liv+ 9 ! new life w involve dy+ to an old "o4 ,?us ! dy+ is always made to appe> to be 9 ord] to a liv+4 ,! end is always ! life4 ',i came t !y may h life1' our ,"l _h said1 '& h x abundantly4' #bac ,! phrases ab\t dy+ 9 ord] to live h _! root 9 our ,"l's tea*+1 z ,/4 ,john repres5ts x#h1 b belong mo/ *>act]i/ically to ,/4 ,paul4 ,! pr9ciple :i* !y en=ce belongs only to a fall5 _w1 = x is only ! s9 )9 u & ab\t u t has to be put to dea?1 or to :i* we h to die4 ,b x f9ds its highe/ exemplification 9 ! case ( ,*ri/ :o1 s9less ,himself1 came into a _w ( s9 & liv$ "u its conditions4 ,!re=e ,he _h to 'die' to s9 & selfi%ness 9 ! _w 9 ord] to 'live' 9 ,8 own prop] life to ,god4 ,& ?is dy+ to s9--?is refus+ x & repudiat+ x--is summ>ily repres5t$ 9 ,8 dea? ^u ! cross4 ,! worldly _w kill$ ,him because ,he w\ld h none ( its selfi%ness & s94 ,he1 by volunt>ily dy+ soon] ?an surr5d] to ! dem&s ( ?is _w1 made a f9al sep>ation ( ,himself f s94 ,?us ,he liv$ ,8 life to ,god at ! co/ ( dy+4 ,& ?is law ( ,*ri/'s life is to be ! law ( ours4 ,we mu/ die to s9--n on a visible cross1 b by a repudiation ( x z ?or\gh & real3 nor to s9 outside u only1 b to s9 9 ourselves4 ,x is only to express ?is attitude t[>d s9 9 ourselves 9 o!r #bad words1 to say t we h to mortify & crucify our own c>nal & selfi% selves4 ,& j z ,*ri/ summ$ up ,8 attitude t[>ds ! _w by ,8 dea? ^u ! cross1 s ! ,*ri/ian's attitude to ! _w 0 summ$ up 9 8 baptism4 ,at t mom5t he di$ to ! _w ( s9#i4 ,?is /ate ( deadness to s9 has to be con/antly r5ew$1 or aga9 & aga9 recov]$4 ,b x 0 9 t sacram5tal mom5t realiz$ 9 pr9ciple & symbolically repres5t$4 ,! conv]t :o 0 imm]s$ b5ea? ! baptismal wat]s & em]g$ aga91 realiz$ easily t ?is 'ba? ( reg5]ation' 01 :at ! e>ly ,*ri/ians call$ x1 '8 grave & 8 "m4' ,all ! circum/ances ( 8 baptism =c$ x ^u him t he _h pass$ out ( an old life into a new--t he di$ to "o /ate ( ?+s & came to life 9 ano!r4 ,! ,*ri/ians ( ,/4 ,paul's *ur*es1 l newly-made ,*ri/ians 9 ,c5tral ,africa or ,india to-day1 7 v (t5 highly imp]fect2 b !y knew--!y c\ld n b "k--t !y _h pass$ "u a new allegiance2 t l ! j-conv]t$ ,franki% #bae idolat]1 !y mu/ 'burn :at !y _h ador$1 & adore :at !y _h burn$#aj4' ,we 9 our g5]ation1 & 9 a c\ntry :]e ,*ri/ianity has become traditional1 realize ?is mu* less easily4 ,x is n only t we h1 9 our ,*ur* & c\ntry1 almo/ :olly lo/ ! symbolism :i* belongs to baptism by imm]sion#aa2 ?\gh t is z great a loss z any symbolic action1 n necess>y to ! adm9i/ration ( a sacram5t1 c be4 ,x is n only t we are z a g5]al rule baptiz$ 9 infancy1 = t "u "r conditions#ab embodies a fundam5tal ,*ri/ian pr9ciple & comes d[n f ! orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is mu* m t ,*ri/ianity has be5 all[$ to become conv5tional & *eap4 ,x requires no ef=t or moral c\rage to own1 9 a =mal s5se1 ! "n ( ,*ri/4 ,! result is t masses ( #baf m5 belong to ! ,*ur* :o are 9 practice liv+ purely worldly lives1 & t ! ,*ur* & ! _w are fus$ toge!r4 ,h5ce x foll[s aga9 t :at ! majority ( ,*ri/ians d is suppos$ to repres5t a tol]able mann] ( life = an ord9>y ,*ri/ian1 :o does n pr(ess to be bett] ?an 8 neighb\rs4 ,"u ^! circum/ances !re is no?+ :i* is m important ?an to reass]t ! law ( life ?r\gh dea? z ! only ,*ri/ian law ( liv+4 ,! 'old man' is z vigor\s z ev]4 ,! _w is /ill gratify+ its s5sual appetites & grasp+ aft] weal? )\t reg>d to ! law ( ,god4 ,malice1 jeal\sy1 & hatr$ are alive & fl\ri%+4 ,god is /ill be+ ignor$1 refus$1 blasphem$4 ,t is to say1 ! _w ( s9 is /ill :at x always 04 ,x is /ill "u ! same un*angeable wra? ( ,god2 & /ill !re=e to live to ,god is only possible = "o :o w1 & t delib]ately & p]si/5tly1 die to ! _w4 ,! r5unciation mu/ be consci\s & delib]ate4 ,! mortification & crucifixion ( ! 'old man' & '! body ( s9' mu/ be pa9ful1 at times ev5 agoniz+4 ,a reasonable ,*ri/ian w be inde$ surpris$ if some?+ pa9ful is n be+ cont9ually requir$ ( him4 ,& a reasonable ,*ri/ian #bag rejoices to pur*ase1 ev5 by great sacrifices1 ! pe>l ( great price1 :i* is fell[%ip ) ,*ri/3--'t he may "k him & ! p[] ( 8 resurrection1 & ! fell[%ip ( 8 suff]+s1 be+ made con=mable unto 8 dea?4' ,?is is ! po9t4 ,x is n en\gh = u to be baptiz$4 ,our baptism is evacuat$ ( all mean+ unless we are also 'be+ conv]t$1' or 'turn+' f ! _w to ,god2 unless we are turn+ our back ^u its lawless lu/s1 its worldly ambitions1 its grasp+s aft] money1 its refusals ( pa91 its selfi% & unlov+ life4 ,nay3 all ?is r5unciation 0 already involv$ 9 ! ,"n spok5 ov] u at our baptism4 ,! ,*ri/ian "n pl$ges u to ! ,*ri/ian law ( liv+ by dy+1 progress by conv]sion4 ,y _c refuse ! dy+ )\t repudiat+ ! ,"n4 ',die & re-exi/1' said ,goe!1 '= s long z ?is is n accompli%$ ?\ art b a tr\bl$ gue/ ^u an e>? ( gloom#ac4' ',reckon ye1 !re=e1 y\rselves to be dead unto s94' ,?is phrase1 address$ to common ,*ri/ians1 supplies a magnific5t in/ance ( ,/4 ,paul's idealism1 t is to say1 ( 8 love ( #bah consid]+ ?+s1 & 8 desire t o!rs %\ld consid] ?+s1 9 ! light ( _! c5tral & dom9ant idea or pr9ciple--z !y ought to be r ?an z !y are4 ,?is is 8 cont9ual practice3 to idealize n 9 ! s5se ( ?9k+ unreally ( ?+s1 b 9 ! s5se ( ?9k+ ( !m 9 ! light ( t :i* is mo/ fundam5tal 9 !m4 ,x is 9 ?is way t he ?9ks ( '! _w1' or godless human society1 & seems to repres5t x z worse ?an x sometimes appe>s1 because its gov]n+ pr9ciple is radically evil4 ,x is 9 ?is way t he ?9ks ( ! ,*ur*1 & speaks ( x 9 t]ms ( glory n ju/ifi$ by ! facts simply z !y appe>2 because x has t at "w )9 x :i* is capable ( trans=m+ x until x n only is1 b looks l1 ! body ( ,*ri/1 or ! city ( ,god4 ,?is idealiz+ me?od is naturally di/a/eful to ,engli% common s5se 9 mo/ dep>tm5ts ( ?9k+1 & p]haps p>ticul>ly 9 ! region ( religion4 ,b we suff] f an ov]-close adhesion to ! 'matt]s ( fact' or '! ?+s :i* d appe>4' ,we d n ?9k ( our life1 ourselves1 our *ur* accord+ to ! div9e pr9ciple :i* !y embody1 or 'accord+ to ! patt]n %[n to u 9 ! m\nt4' ,?us #bai we are nev] uplift$1 enl>g$1 ennobl$ by ! vision ( 444 ,! gleam1 ,! light t nev] 0 on sea or l&4 ,t light nev] 0 or is manife/ on ! surface ( actual exp]i5ce1 & yet x is always lat5t--! t\* ( glory 9 common ?+s1 ! radiance 9 ev5 our dim _w1 '! ma/] light ( all our see+4' ,we h almo/ all ( u got to le>n ! practical p[] ( ! ,*ri/ian imag9ation1 discipl9$ & spiritually enlight5$1 to enri* & ennoble actual life4 ,! objects :i* our imag9ation %\ld reflect are realities1 b realities n yet develop$4 ,:at our imag9ation %\ld d = u is to tea* u to see ?+s n z !y are1 b z !y are com+ to be4 #b4 ',life 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1' ',*ri/ liv+ 9 me'--!re c be no "q t ^! beautiful phrases :i*1 if ,/4 ,john's witness be true1 repres5t ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ ,himself#ad1 express also :at is mo/ c5tral 9 ,/4 ,paul's idea ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x 0 ! great m]it ( ,mat!w ,arnold's ,/4 ,paul & ,prote/antism#ae t x #bbj recall$ ! fact to notice 9 ord9>y educat$ circles4 ,rec5t sci5tific /udy ( ,/4 ,paul has gone 9 ! same direction4 ,! doctr9es ( atonem5t & ju/ification are ess5tial to ,/4 ,paul's !ology1 b n c5tral3 ! doctr9e ( life 9 ,*ri/1 spiritual & moral id5tification ) ,*ri/1 is bo? ess5tial & c5tral4 ,! ma9t5ance ( ?is life ( union is aga91 z ,mat!w ,arnold tea*es u1 ! f9al & mo/ develop$ function ( fai?--'t ,*ri/ may dwell 9 our he>ts by fai?'2 = fai? is1 or gr[s to be1 su* devotion to ,*ri/'s p]son z desires to lose itself & its selfi% aims 9 ,him & ,8 "w4 ,b ,mat!w ,arnold /rangely leaves out ( sight ! two-sid$ness ( ?is relation3 we abide 9 ,*ri/ by fai?1 #bba because ,*ri/ fir/ ( all abides 9 u by ,8 lov+-k9dness & grace4 ,x is ,8 love1 always be=eh& ) u--n m]ely to =give u our s9s1 b to p\r itself out 9 ! communicat$ ,_s--t takes u up )9 ! circle ( ,8 own life2 x is ! act ( ,god incorporat+ u into ,*ri/ :i* evokes & makes possible ! response ( our fai? to realize ,8 indwell+ & make ! adhesion mutual4 ,god's gift is prior to our response & ! gr\nd ( x2 & moreov] ,god's gift is p]man5t & abid+4 ,x w\ld inde$ be a ?\ght ( despair if ! bond betwe5 ,*ri/ & u dep5d$ ^u ! cont9u\s en]gy ( our fai? to ma9ta9 x4 ,nay1 x is always !re--un9t]mitt5t ?r\gh all our brok5 ef=ts & vicissitudes ( w--always !re = u to recur to4 ,we are to reckon ourselves 'dead to s9 & alive to righte\sness1' because & only because we are also to reckon ourselves '9 ,*ri/4' ,t is our p]man5t /ate1 & x is ! function ( fai? n to create1 b to realize x4 ,x is ,/4 ,paul's cle> & vivid p]ception ( a div9e gift giv51 a relation%ip to ,god e/abli%$ by ,god's act1 n ours1 & t at a p>ticul> "t1 :i* is closely connect$ ) 8 #bbb sacram5tal tea*+4 ,if a div9e gift is to be giv5 7#a7 def9ite at a def9ite "t1 7#b7 to m5 ( body z well z _s 9 a _w n only spiritual b mat]ial1 7#c7 publicly z to memb]s ( a social organization--x is mo/ natural t ! gift %\ld be embodi$ 9 an outw>d rite & outw>d vehicle4 ,s ,/4 ,paul appe>s to ?9k4 ,!re is no %r9k+ ab\t 8 sacram5tal language4 ,x c be said ) ju/ice t c]ta9 =ms ( sac]dotal or ecclesia/ical gov]nm5t :i* h appe>$ 9 ,*ur* hi/ory w\ld to 8 m9d h sav\r$1 or m ?an sav\r$1 ( bondage to m5 & bondage to ! 'begg>ly rudim5ts' ( c]emonial obs]vances4 ,/4 ,paul is v jeal\s ( ma9ta9+ :at we may call spiritual individuality & p]sonal lib]ty4 ,b !re is no ju/ification to be f\nd 9 ,/4 ,paul's epi/les = say+ t he connects sacram5talism--i4e4 ! idea ( necess>y spiritual gifts div9ely promis$ on ! occasion1 & ?r\gh ! m$ium1 ( c]ta9 outw>d religi\s rites ( a community--) t 'bondage' to 'begg>ly rudim5ts' ( :i* he has s great a dread4 ,/4 ,paul's language does n admit ( our suppos+ t he knew ( any o!r way ( admission 'into ,*ri/' except ?r\gh ! gate #bbc ( baptism1 or any o!r means ( communion 9 ,*ri/'s body & blood except '! break+ ( ! bread4' #c4 ,x w be necess>y be=e we leave ?is great passage to give "s special att5tion to ?ree phrases4 ',*ri/ 0 rais$ f ! dead by ! glory ( ! ,fa!r4' ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ! sacrifice ( ,*ri/1 ! atonem5t won by ,*ri/1 is cont9ually ascrib$ to ! ,fa!r1 act+ ?r\gh & 9 ! ,son--',god 0 9 ,*ri/ reconcil+ ! _w unto himself4' ,s also ! resurrection is uni=mly ascrib$ to ! ,fa!r's p[] act+ 9 ! case ( ! ,son#af4 ,our curr5t ,*ri/ian language has 9 bo? cases dep>t$ too widely f apo/olic practice4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity w\ld be m intellig5tly held1 & ! wor%ip ( ! ,*ur* m normally (f]$ 9 ! ,_s ?r\gh ! ,son to ! ,fa!r1 if we _h n fall5 into ! habit ( s speak+ ( ! action ( ! ,son 9 dy+ & ris+ z habitually to leave out ( sight ! tru? t ,8 action1 z ,son1 is & #bbd mu/ always be ! ,fa!r's action ?r\gh ,him2 & t rev]sely our wor%ip ( ! ,son mu/ always be really1 & ought to be 9 our habitual consci\sness1 ! wor%ip ( ! ,fa!r ?r\gh ,him4 ',our old man 0 crucifi$ ) him4' ,z ,%elley said t1 :5 ,adonais di$1 ''tis dea? is dead1 n he1' s 9 an inf9itely deep] s5se ,/4 ,paul says t :at 0 kill$ ^u ! cross 0 7he does n say 'in/ead ( ,*ri/1' b ') ,*ri/'7 s9 & ! 'old man4' ,! 'old man' means ! old way ( liv+1 or r ! old way ( liv+ consid]$ z hav+ be5 appropriat$ by ! s9ful individual & ?us made 8 own self4 ,?us x 0 ! old self t 0 put to dea? on ! cross1 & a new self came to life1 :i* 0 ! same 9 un*ang$ p]sonality & yet s practically diff]5t 9 all its relation%ips1 t x c\ld ass]t & claim exemptions f ! obligations contract$ by ! 'old man4' ',t ! body ( s9 might be done away4' ,! id5tification ( s9 ) ! individual _h be5 specially ) 8 body4 ,8 bodily appetites & impulses & p>ts _h be5 s us$ to ! ways ( s9 z to become a 'body ( s91' & ?is1 ,/4 ,paul says1 has to be 'done away' or #bbe annull$4 ,x is n t we are to h>m ! body itself3 = ! body itself is good1 & is to be (f]$1 ) all its memb]s1 to become ! weapon ( ,*ri/ian w>f>e4 ,!re is inde$ no mat]ial ?+ z su* t is evil4 ,! 'body ( s9' means exactly '! body consid]$ z hav+ become ! receptacle ( s9'3 z :5 our ,"l speaks ( ! 'mammon ( unrighte\sness#ag1' ,he means money :i* has become ! in/rum5t ( unrighte\sness1 b :i* ! *ildr5 ( light are to conv]t to pr(itable uses4 ',to annul ! body ( s9' means1 !re=e1 almo/ ! same z 'to annul s9 9 ! body' & leave ! body free2 b x emphasizes ! fact t s9 has got su* hold ( ! body t to annul s9 involves annull+ ! body3 z ,/4 ,paul says else:]e1 ',i buffet' 7or 'di/ress'7 'my body & br+ x into bondage#ah4' #a ,see ,gal4 v4 #ac3 ',only use n y\r fre$om = an occasion ( ! fle%4' ,cf4 #b ,pet4 iii4 #af1 & ! implications ( ,/4 ,james' ,epi/le4 #b #a ,!ss4 iv4 #ad4 #c ,! mean+ ( v]4 #d is int]pret$ 9 v]s4 #aj1 #aa4 #d ,v]4 #d2 cf4 ,john xi4 #dj4 ',! glory ( ,god' is specially manife/ 9 ! resurrection ( ! dead4 #e ,?is is ! orig9al sugge/ion ( ! ^w 'unit$' 9 v]4 #e4 #f ,cf4 ,col4 ii4 #ab4 #g ,! ,greek words repres5t$ by 'leave at ! disposal (1' 'make an (f]+ to1' are diff]5t p>ts ( ! same v]b4 ',! t5se ( ! =m] expresses cont9uance1 habit2 444 ( ! latt]1 a s+le irrevocable act ( surr5d]' 7,vaughan1 9 loc474 #h ,john xii4 #bd1 #be4 #i ,x is "o ga9 ( ! ,r4,v4 t = 'ye are dead' 7,col4 iii4 #c1 ii4 #bj71 'we are dead' 7,rom4 vi4 #b1 #h71 c41 we read 'ye di$1' 'we di$1' i4e4 at ! def9ite mom5t ( baptism4 #aj ,gregory ( ,t\rs1 ,hi/4 ,franc4 ii4 #ca3 ',to :om 7,*lovis7 z he ent]s ! font to be baptiz$1 ! holy man ( ,god 7,remigius7 ?us eloqu5tly spoke--,meekly b[ ?y neck1 ,sigambrian3 adore :at ?\ ha/ burnt2 burn :at ?\ ha/ ador$4' #aa ,baptism by 'affusion' began )9 ! fir/ c5tury1 b z ! exception1 n ! rule4 ,see app4 note ,f4 #ab ,by infant baptism "u "r conditions1 ,i mean ! baptism ( infants :5 !re is "s real security provid$1 ?r\gh _! p>5ts or prop] sponsors1 = _! ,*ri/ian education1 accord+ to ! int5tion ( ! ,*ur*4 ,on ! primitive orig9 ( infant baptism1 see ,ephesians1 pp4 #bcj1 #bca4 #ac ',/irb und w]de6 ,d5n s lang du das ni*t ha/1 ,bi/ du nur e9 trb] ,ga/ ,auf d] dunkeln ,erde' 7quot$ by ,m4 ,arnold74 #ad ,john vi4 #ec-eh2 xiv4 #ai1 #bj2 xv4 #a-aj2 xvii4 #ba-bc4 #ae ,p4 #ha 7#bnd ed473 ',! ?ree ess5tial t]ms ( ,paul9e !ology are n1 !re=e1 z popul> !ology makes !m--call+1 ju/ification1 sanctification3 !y are r ^!--dy+ ) ,*ri/1 resurrection f ! dead1 gr[+ into ,*ri/4' ,cf4 p4 #gf3 ',h[ did ,paul's fai?1 work+ ?r\gh love1 help him to control appetite & self-w8 ,x enabl$ him to re9=ce duty by affection4 ,9 ! c5tral ne$ ( 8 nature1 ! desire to gov]n ^! motives ( unrighte\sness1 x enabl$ him to say3 ,die to !m6 ,*ri/ did4 ,if any man be 9 ,*ri/1 said ,/4 ,paul--t is1 if any man id5tifies himself ) ,*ri/ by atta*m5t1 s t he ent]s into ,8 feel+s & lives ) ,8 life--he is a new creature2 he c d1 & does1 :at ,*ri/ did4' ,x w\ld be tru]1 surely1 to say 9 ! fir/ ( ^! two passages n '! ?ree ess5tial1' c41 b '! ?ree c5tral4' ,no?+ c be m truly ess5tial to ,paul9e !ology ?an ! t]ms1 call+1 ju/ification1 atonem5t2 b ! two la/ ( !m at lea/ d n belong to ! c5tral region ( religion1 b h to d ) ! removal ( prelim9>y ob/acles to our entrance ^u x4 #af ,! app>5t exception is ,john x4 #ah2 b ev5 !re ! ^w r5d]$ 'take' w\ld p]haps be bett] r5d]$ 'receive4' ,*ri/ _h ! "r to lay d[n ,8 own life & ! "r to receive x aga9 f ! ,fa!r4 ,s ,hort1 ,fir/ ,ep4 ( ,pet]1 pp4 #cd1 #hd4 #ag ,luke xvi4 #i4 #ah #a ,cor4 ix4 #bg4 #bbf ,,division ,,iii4 #d4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 #ae-bc4 ,! p]fect fre$om is ,god's s]vice4 ,! reit]at$ m5tion ( ! deliv]ance ( ! ,*ri/ian f ! yoke ( ! law--',ye are n "u law1 b "u grace'--br+s up ! excuse = lic5ti\s liv+ 9 a new =m3--',?is v abolition ( ! /rict p[] ( ! law 9 fav\r ( a sy/em ( :i* ! rul+ pr9ciple is ,god's goodness1 at lea/ makes "o will+ to contemplate any p>ticul> act ( s9#a1 ) a good hope ( escap+ puni%m5t4' ,/4 ,paul meets ! sugge/ion ) a ',god =bid1' & !n gives a deep reason = repudiat+ x1 a reason h[ev] :i* is b a v]sion ( our ,"l's say+1 ',e "o t committe? s9 is ! slave ( s9#b4' ,e man is always act+ "u ob$i5ce4 ,:at he #bbg does 9 a p>ticul> case repres5ts an act ( ob$i5ce to "s ma/]2 t is to say1 a tak+ s]vice ) him4 ,moreov] x appe>s on reflection t x mu/ be ) "o ( two ma/]s & _c be ) bo?1 = 'no man c s]ve two ma/]s4' ,x is ei!r ) s91 ^: s]vice ends 9 spiritual z well z physical dea?1 or ) ,him to :om ob$i5ce is prop]ly due1 ^: s]vice ends 9 righte\sness4 ,:at gives ,/4 ,paul reason = ?ankfulness 9 ?9k+ ( ! conv]sion ( ! ,*ri/ians at ,rome1 is n t ^? :o became ,*ri/ians became !reby exempt f ob$i5ce1 b t !y *ang$ _! allegiance f s9 to ,*ri/4 ,at _! conv]sion !y gladly submitt$ to a patt]n or /&>d ( tea*+--! tea*+ ( ,*ri/--to :i* !y 7 h&$ ov] = ! fa%ion+ ( _! lives--t is to say1 !y 7 made free f s9 only to become slaves to righte\sness4 ,he uses ! ^w slav]y because s long z _! weak fle% %r9ks f div9e ob$i5ce1 !y mu/ recognize t ! life :i* is really lib]ty mu/ be accept$ ev5 z a bondage1 till x cease to seem s4 ,9 old days !y (f]$ _! limbs z slaves to uncleanness & lawlessness1 & ! result 0 a lawless life4 #bbh ,n[ !y mu/ yield _! limbs z slaves to righte\sness ) a view to a consecrat$ life4 ,& ! *ange ( allegiance is surely matt] = congratulation4 ,!y c recall ! days :5 !y 7 free f ! s]vice ( righte\sness1 z be+ slaves ( s91 & !y c rememb] :at fruit !y enjoy$ z ! result ( exp]i5ces :i* !y n[ blu% to br+ to m9d4 ,( su* exp]i5ces dea?1 moral no less ?an physical1 is ! result4 ,n[1 set free f s9's slav]y & made ,god's slaves1 !y enjoy ! pres5t fruit ( consecration to ,god & ! ultimate prospect ( et]nal life4 ,s long z ,s9 0 _! ma/] he w\ld pay !m _! wages1 & ! wages :i* ,s9 pays is always dea?4 ,b n[ t !y are surr5d]$ into ,god's h&s1 & simply dep5d5t on ,8 lov+-k9dness1 !re is no "q ( wages1 b ! gift ( ,8 b\nty is et]nal life1 9 ,him ^: life includes _! own1 ,jesus ,*ri/ _! ,"l4 ,:at !n8 %all we s91 because we are n "u law1 b "u grace8 ,god =bid4 ,"k ye n1 t to :om ye pres5t y\rselves z s]vants unto ob$i5ce1 8 s]vants ye are :om ye obey2 :e!r ( s9 unto dea?1 or ( ob$i5ce unto righte\sness8 ,b ?anks be to ,god1 t1 :]eas ye 7 s]vants ( s91 ye became ob$i5t f ! he>t to t =m ( tea*+ #bbi :]eunto ye 7 deliv]$2 & be+ made free f s91 ye became s]vants ( righte\sness4 ,i speak aft] ! mann] ( m5 because ( ! infirmity ( y\r fle%3 = z ye pres5t$ y\r memb]s z s]vants to uncleanness & to iniquity unto iniquity1 ev5 s n[ pres5t y\r memb]s z s]vants to righte\sness unto sanctification4 ,= :5 ye 7 s]vants ( s91 ye 7 free 9 reg>d ( righte\sness4 ,:at fruit !n _h ye at t "t 9 ! ?+s :]e( ye are n[ a%am$8 = ! end ( ^? ?+s is dea?4 ,b n[ be+ made free f s91 & become s]vants to ,god1 ye h y\r fruit unto sanctification1 & ! end et]nal life4 ,= ! wages ( s9 is dea?2 b ! free gift ( ,god is et]nal life 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus our ,"l4 #a4 ,/4 ,paul is "h exp\nd+ ! real mean+ ( human lib]ty4 ,x is g5]ally reg>d$ z ! p[] 'to d z "o pleases' or a /ate ( indep5d5ce4 ,b su* a /ate does n exi/4 ,!re is inde$ su* a ?+ z ! abs5ce ( ext]nal control up to a c]ta9 po9t4 ,t is an elem5t ( lib]ty1 b x rea*es b a little way4 ,! true lib]ty is ! p[] to realize "o's nature & make ! be/ ( oneself--! p[] to be :at "o ought to be or is meant to be4 ,! in/9ct ( language1 z appli$ to man1 recognizes ?is4 ,:5 we see a drunk>d1 we recognize a man ! balance ( ^: nature is upset4 ,! high] "p ( 8 nature is be+ dragg$ at ! *>iot-:eels ( 8 l[]4 ,s1 #bcj be he nev] s free a citiz51 we call him a slave--a slave ( dr9k4 ,on ! same pr9ciple we speak ( ! slaves ( lu/ or ! slaves ( money or ! slaves ( fa%ion or ! slaves ( popul>ity4 ,by ^! phrases we describe v>i\s moral /ates 9 :i* "s ext]nal or purely animal =ce dom9ates a man1 & he loses 8 self-control1 & 8 :ole nature becomes disord]$4 ,! true ord] ( human nature is t a man's body %\ld be controll$ by 8 w4 ,!n he is self-det]m9$4 ,8 :ole life is ! expression ( a rational pr9ciple4 ,he makes ! be/ ( himself4 ,he is free to be a real man1 accord+ to ! prop] idea ( manhood4 ,b h[ c ?is be8 ,c ?is reason or rational w 9 man /& & "w ( itself8 ,is x s con/ruct$ z to be indep5d5t8 ,no4 ,j z truly z a man's bodily =ces are drawn f s\rces outside himself1 s 8 spiritual be+ dep5ds on s\rces & motives beyond himself4 ,:at does man's 'fre$om ( w' consi/ (8 ,speak+ exactly1 x consi/s ( a p[] to direct a c]ta9 am\nt ( physical =ce :i* passes into "o's bodily frame1 & to let x g out 9 "o or ano!r =m ( action1 de$ or ^w or #bca ?\ght1 m or less moral or immoral1 spiritual or c>nal4 ,& ?is lib]ty ( direction1 :5 m closely exam9$1 is f\nd to consi/ 9 a p[] :i* ! w has to *oose betwe5 motives :i* pres5t !mselves z ideas to ! m9d & to h& itself ov] to "o or ! o!r4 ,"s ( ^! motives are d]iv$ f physical or worldly appetites2 "s are d]iv$ ?r\gh ! consci5ce or faculty ( spiritual appreh5sion4 ,if1 9 cases :]e ! l[] motives conflict ) ! high]1 a man /ill yields himself to ! latt]1 8 life is spiritual2 & x is s because x is det]m9$ by motives & re9=c$ by influ5ces :i* come f beyond himself1 & are 9 fact ! motives & =ces ( ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,b 9 nei!r case is he indep5d5t & free f ob$i5ce4 ,he /&s at a meet+-po9t ( ! spiritual & mat]ial _w1 & mu/ be gov]n$ by "o or ! o!r4 ,9 ei!r case man's life is play$ ^u & dom9at$ by motive-=ces1 inf9itely va/] & mighti] ?an himself4 ,let him try 7z he has tri$7 to =get 8 necess>y dep5d5ce--to deta* himself f ! high] ob$i5ce & to 'be z ,god1' indep5d5t--& he falls necess>ily "u ! dom9ion ( ! l[] =ces1 ( 8 fle% or ( ! _w4 ,if he is to cease #bcb to live bel[ himself1 he mu/ cons5t to surr5d] to :at is above himself4 ,he mu/ yield 8 _s to ! div9e ,_s1 :i* is its natural ma/]4 ,s he ceases to be c>nal1 or gov]n$ by ! fle%1 & becomes spiritual1 or gov]n$ by ! div9e ,_s4 ,& t is lib]ty4 ',t man1' said ,leo ! ,great1 'has true peace & lib]ty ^: fle% is controll$ by ! judgem5t ( 8 m9d1 z 8 m9d is direct$ by ! gov]nm5t ( ,god#c4' ,god's s]vice1 & t only1 is p]fect fre$om4 ,man !n is s con/ruct$ t he c only cease to fall bel[ himself by be+ rais$ above himself4 ,8 life _c fail to be /amp$ ) ! impress ( s9 unless x is /amp$ ) ! impress ( ,god4 ,! /ate ( ! ,*ri/ian1 surr5d]$ to ! fa%ion+ ( ,god1 is t true dep5d5ce :i* is ! true lib]ty4 ,indep5d5t ( ,god1 man /&s at la/ ov] aga9/ ,god to get :at 8 indep5d5t action has m]it$2 & t is p5al dea?1 ! inevitable outcome ( misus$ faculties1 enslav$ to s94 ,surr5d]$ to ,god 9 fai?1 on ! o!r h&1 he receives into 8 nature1 ?r\gh all its op5 portals1 ! inflood+ tide ( div9e love2 & ent]s1 enri*$ & uplift$1 into ! life t #bcc is et]nal1 ! life :i* he %>es ) ,jesus1 ! life t is truly human & really div9e4 ,x is ( great practical importance t we %\ld get a j idea ( :at our fre$om consi/s 94 ,!re are m5 :o1 "u ! impulse ( a purely mat]iali/ sci5ce1 decl>e ! s5se ( moral fre$om to be an illusion4 ,?is is ( c\rse a gross error4 ,b :at has l>gely play$ into ! h&s ( ?is error is ! exagg]at$ idea ( human fre$om :i* is ord9>ily curr5t1 an idea :i* c only be held by ignor+ our true & necess>y dep5d5ce & limitation4 ,x is ?is t we ne$ to h br\ght home to u4 ,!re is an admirable /ory among ,george ,crabbe's ,tales1 call$ ',! ,g5tleman ,f>m]4' ,! h]o />ts 9 life resolv$ t he w n put up ) any bondage4 ,! or?odox cl]gyman1 ! or?odox physician1 & or?odox matrimony--all ^! alike repres5t social bondage 9 diff]5t =ms1 & he w h none ( !m4 ,s he />ts on a c>e] ( 'un*>t]$ fre$om1' ',to prove t he alone 0 k+ ( him4' ,& ! la/ sc5e ( all repres5ts him ! weak slave ( 8 mi/ress1 a quack doctor1 & a revivali/--':i* ?+s are an allegory4' #bcd #b4 ,! phrase 'a =m' or 'patt]n ( tea*+1' is int]e/+4 ,x sugge/s ! idea ( ! ,*ur* z hold+ a 'patt]n ( s\nd words#d1' a def9ite body ( in/ruction1 :i* is to =m ! life ( ea* p]son :o gives himself ov] to h] lov+ discipl9e4 ,*ri/ian fai? is n a =mless impulse2 x is self-surr5d] to a corporate life rul$ on a def9ite model ( religi\s & moral tea*+4 ,:at ,/4 ,paul has "h *iefly 9 m9d is moral tea*+4 ,b ! moral tea*+ 0 insep>able f religi\s facts & motives4 ,nor is x difficult to asc]ta9 f ! allusions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t :at ! subjects 7 9 :i* ! fir/ ,*ri/ians 7 orally in/ruct$1 or1 9 o!r words1 :at con/itut$ '! tradition' :i* lies beh9d ! writt5 books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x compris$ in/ruction 9 7#a7 ! facts ( our ,"l's life1 dea?1 & resurrection#e2 7#b7 ! mean+ ( sacr$ rites--baptism1 lay+ on ( h&s1 eu*>i/#f--;includ+ ! ,"l's ,pray]#g2 7#c7 ! moral duties ( '! way1' & ! doctr9e '( ! resurrection ( #bce ! dead & ( et]nal judgem5t#h'2 7#d7 ! mean+ ( '! ,"n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/#i4' ,on all ^! subjects ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t d n give ! prim>y in/ruction1 b imply t x has be5 already giv54 #c4 ,! ^w r5d]$ 'sanctification' 7v]s4 #ai1 #bb7 is "o :i* ne$s to h its primitive =ce re/or$ to x#aj4 ,! 'sa9t' is ! p]son set ap>t = ! wor%ip & s]vice ( ,god4 ,:at is "h translat$ 'sanctification' means lit]ally 7#a7 '! process ( be+ made fit = su* wor%ip & s]vice1' t is1 consecration z ( a prie/2 or 7#b7 by a slight transition ( mean+1 ! result ( su* consecration1 i4e4 'hol9ess4' #a ,! t5se ( ! v]b 9 '%all we s9' appe>s to indicate an act1 n a habit ( s94 #b ,john viii4 #cd4 #c ,s]m4 xxxix4 #b4 #d #b ,tim4 i4 #ac4 #e ,cf4 ,luke i4 #a-d2 #a ,cor4 xi4 #bc2 xv4 #c1 #d4 #f ,cf4 ,rom4 vi4 #c2 ,heb4 vi4 #a-f2 #a ,cor4 x4 #ae1 #af2 xi4 #bc ff42 ,acts ii4 #ch4 #g ,dida*1 #h2 cf4 bel[1 p4 #bic4 #h ,heb4 vi4 #a1 #b2 #a ,!ss4 iv4 #a1 #b2 v4 #b4 #i ,see ,hort1 ,fir/ ,ep4 ( ,pet]1 p4 #ah1 = ! fact t 'a recogniz$ belief or idea ( ! ?reefold ,"n seems to be ev]y:]e presuppos$4' #aj ,cf4 above1 pp4 #ca1 #cb4 #bcf ,,division ,,iii4 #e4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 #a-f4 ,fre$om f ! law by union ) ,*ri/4 ,/4 ,paul is full ( two ?\ghts4 ,! fir/ is t ( life out ( dea?1 liv+ by dy+4 ,he _h liv$ an old life 9 :i* '^? multitud9\s motions ( appetite & self-w :i* reason & consci5ce disapprov$1 reason & consci5ce c\ld yet n gov]n1 & _h to yield to !m4 ,?is1 z we %all see1 is :at drove ,paul almo/ to despair#a4' ,he _h pass$ to a new life 9 :i* he f\nd 9 actual1 bless$ exp]i5ce t he c\ld d ! ?+ t he w\ld4 ,he c\ld d all ?+s--?r\gh ,*ri/ t /r5g!n$ him4 ,= x 0 ,*ri/ :o _h be5 ! means ( transf]r+ him f ! old life to ! new1 & t by ,8 own way ( dy+ to live4 ,*ri/ ,himself _h liv$ 'by ! ,_s' delib]ately & always4 ,he #bcg _h nev] fail$ morally to d ! ?+ t ,he w\ld4 ,b s viol5t 0 ! antagonism betwe5 ,8 life ( div9e ob$i5ce 7) ! claims t x involv$ ^u o!r m57 & '! s9ful1 wilful1 weak _w ar\nd1 t ! _w c\ld n tol]ate ,8 pres5ce 9 x2 & x came to ?is--t ,he c\ld only live by ! ,_s at ! co/ ( dy+ to ! _w1 i4e4 *oos+ to be put to dea? soon] ?an give up ob$i5ce to ,8 ,fa!r4 ,he *ose to die1 & ?us dy+ ,he liv$ ?r\gh dea? 9 ! life ( ! ,_s1 & 0 rais$ aga9 f dea? 9 body also4 ,n[ ,*ri/ _h br\ght ,/4 ,paul--z ,he w\ld br+ all m5--into union ) ,8 new life1 & by ! same me?od4 ,/4 ,paul _h _h to die to ! s9ful _w 9 ord] to live to ,god4 ,b he1 be+ n only a man b a s9n]1 0 oblig$ n only1 l ,*ri/1 to die to s9 9 ! _w--he _h also to die to s9 9 himself4 ,9 o!r words1 he _h to 'crucify 8 fle% ) its affections & lu/s'--t is1 '8 old man' or old way ( liv+4 ,he _h1 by ! help ( ,*ri/'s ,_s1 to ass]t 8 inn] self or p]sonality aga9/ a false self--a false way ( life--:i* _h appropriat$ him & held him captive4 ,only by be+ emancipat$ f ! #bch 'old man' c\ld he come to live '9 ,*ri/4' ,x is ?is transf]5ce f ! 'old man1' or old way ( life1 to ! new1 by means ( a dea? t ,/4 ,paul "h describes "u ! figure ( a second m>riage4 ,! man's true self 0 z a wife m>ri$ to '! old man4' ,! old man 0 nail$ to ,*ri/'s cross 7vi4 #f7--t is1 ! old way ( life 0 put an end to1 ev5 ) viol5ce4 ,?us ! wife1 ! human p]sonality1 is1 accord+ to ! law ( m>riage1 free to contract a second union ) ,*ri/1 ! second ,man4 ,?is is "o ( ! ma9 ?\ghts 9 ,/4 ,paul's m9d4 ,b x is entangl$ ) a second4 ,! 'old man' 0 closely associat$ ) '! law'--! law :i* _h awak5$ x out ( its life ( moral apa?y by its /]n rem9d]s ( ! w ( ,god4 ,! law _h rem9d$1 in/ruct$1 enlight5$2 b x c\ld n give ! inw>d p[] ne$$ to obey its requirem5ts4 ,x s]v$ b to br+ to light ! tyranny ( s9 :i* made man incapable ( yield+ ob$i5ce to ! w ( ,god2 x ev5 augm5t$ its p[] by /imulat+ x to opposition4 ,! law !re=e belong$ purely & simply to ! old condition ( moral impot5ce--! life '9 ! fle%' & n '9 ! ,_s4' ,x fulfill$ ! #bci only function x c\ld fulfil 9 awak+ ! consci\sness ( s94 ,?us to pass f '! life ( ! fle%' to '! life 9 ! ,_s' 0 to pass out ( its dom9ion4 ,?is is ! o!r ?\ght ) :i* ,/4 ,paul is occupi$ 9 ! passage we are j go+ to read4 ,?is too he expresses ) ! help ( ! figure ( dea?4 ,human law only reg>ds a liv+ man4 ,dea? acquits him f law by tak+ him out ( ! region :]e x applies4 ,!re=e1 :5 a man dies ) ,*ri/ to ! 'old man1' he passes out ( ! rea* ( ! law :i* ?reat5$ ! old man b _h no function beyond t4 ,ea* ( ^! two ?\ghts is q di/9ct & cle>2 b !y are fus$ 9 ! pres5t passage4 ,/4 ,paul beg9s ) ! second1 to %[ t ! 'dead' ,*ri/ian is free f ! law 7v]4 #a2 cf4 vi4 #g74 ,b m>riage law is tak5 z an example ( law1 & by ?is l9k we pass f ! second ?\ght to ! fir/4 ,b ! second ?\ght requires ! man's self to die ) ,*ri/ to escape f ! region ( law4 ,! fir/ ?\ght1 on ! o!r h&1 requires ! 'old man1' or old mode ( life1 to die1 to leave ! man's real self free to be m>ri$ to ,*ri/2 & ?is *ange ( subject #bdj introduces confusion into ! passage4 ,! attempts to %[ t !re is no confusion are n successful4 ,9 v]4 #a ! idea pla9ly is t ! self dies1 z 9 vi4 #g4 ,9 v]4 #d ! ma9 idea pla9ly is t ! 'old man' is dead1 & has left ! self free to contract a new m>riage4 ,b ! o!r idea is /ill suffici5tly dom9ant to cause ,/4 ,paul to say 'ye di$ to ! law1' in/ead ( 'y\r old man 0 crucifi$4' ,morally1 ( c\rse1 ! two phrases mean ! same ?+2 & "o :o1 l ,/4 ,paul1 is dictat+ a lett]1 is specially liable to v]bal confusions ev5 :5 8 ?\ght is cle>4 ,aft] ^! explanations ! analysis %all be made z brief z possible4 ,/4 ,paul1 hav+1 9 ! latt] "p ( ! six? *apt]1 %[n t ! abolition ( ! p[] ( ! law is no excuse = s91 recurs to & develops ! pr9ciples :i* he has n[ gu>d$ f abuse1 viz4 t ! p[] ( ! law is pa/ = ! ,*ri/ian4 ,he is writ+1 he says1 to m51 :e!r !mselves ,jews or n1 :o und]/& :at law means1 & t its dom9ion ov] a man ends ) 8 dea?4 ,x has no jurisdiction beyond ! grave4 ,he takes ! m>riage law 7'! law ( or #bda 'conc]n+ ! husb&1' v]4 #b7 z an illu/ration4 ,)\t notic+ ! exceptions 9 ! way ( possibilities ( divorce :i* ! ,jewi% law admitt$1 he lays x d[n g5]ally t '! law ( ! husb&' b9ds ! wife till dea?1 b dea? dissolves its p[]4 ,:5 h] husb& is dead %e is 'dis*>g$' & free to be m>ri$ aga94 7,"h we h pass$ f ! idea ( a man escap+ by dea? out ( ! dom9ion ( law to t ( 8 dea? dissolv+ ! =ce ( law 9 ! int]e/s ( ano!r1 viz4 8 wife47 ,t is ! /ate ( ! ,*ri/ian's real self4 ,*ri/'s body1 ,/4 ,paul says1 0 nail$ to ! cross1 & y 7 put to dea? !re ) ,him2 or r1 y\r 'old man' 0 put to dea? !re1 & y 7 left1 l wives dis*>g$ f ! m>riage law by ! int]v5tion ( dea?1 free to be unit$ to ! ris5 ,*ri/1 & to see fruits ( y\r new union su* z ,god c approve4 ,!re 7 fruits f ! =m] union ) ! 'old man1' 9 ! days :5 y 7 /ill "u ! p[] ( ! fle%4 ,! body 0 subject to feel+s & emotions :i*1 "u ! provocation ( ! law1 became ! in/rum5ts ( s92 & ^! all at "w 9 our limbs 7con/itut+ ! 'old man1' & hav+ #bdb ourselves = ! subject-wife7 br\ght =? ! fruits ( actions fit only = a k+dom ( dea?4 ,b n[ we are dis*>g$ f ! law1 l ! wife ^: husb& is dead1 hav+ di$ to t 9 :i* we 7 held captive1 & come to life 9 a new region2 s t we c be slaves--t1 z we h se5 9 ! la/ *apt]1 we mu/ always be1 s f> z yield+ a complete ob$i5ce is conc]n$--only no long] "u ! old bondage ( a writt5 law1 b 9 ! new fre$om ( ! emp[]+ ,_s4 ,or are ye ignorant1 bre?r5 7= ,i speak to m5 t "k ! law71 h[ t ! law ha? dom9ion ov] a man = s long "t z he live?8 ,= ! woman t ha? a husb& is b\nd by law to ! husb& :ile he live?2 b if ! husb& die1 %e is dis*>g$ f ! law ( ! husb&4 ,s !n if1 :ile ! husb& live?1 %e be jo9$ to ano!r man1 %e %all be call$ an adult]ess3 b if ! husb& die1 %e is free f ! law1 s t %e is no adult]ess1 ?\gh %e be jo9$ to ano!r man4 ,:]e=e1 my bre?r51 ye also 7 made dead to ! law ?r\gh ! body ( ,*ri/2 t ye %\ld be jo9$ to ano!r1 ev5 to him :o 0 rais$ f ! dead1 t we might br+ =? fruit unto ,god4 ,= :5 we 7 9 ! fle%1 ! s9ful passions1 :i* 7 ?r\gh ! law1 wr\ght 9 our memb]s to br+ =? fruit unto dea?4 ,b n[ we h be5 dis*>g$ f ! law1 hav+ di$ to t :]e9 we 7 hold52 s t we s]ve 9 newness ( ! _s1 & n 9 oldness ( ! lett]4 #bdc #a4 ,if we ask ourselves :at is practically meant by ,/4 ,paul's idea ( ! m>riage ( ! r$eem$ s\l to ,*ri/1 :i* supplem5ts 8 ?\ght ( ! :ole ,*ur* z ! bride ( ,*ri/#b1 ! answ] seems to be t x is made up ( a moral & a !ological factor4 ,! moral factor is ! idea ( ! devotion ( ! believ] to ,*ri/--'z a "y man m>rie? a virg94' ,! !ological idea is t ( ! ris5 ,*ri/ mak+ ! s\l ( ! believ] fruitful 9 good works by infus+ into x ,8 own ,_s or life4 #b4 ,! conception ( ! fre$om ( ! r$eem$ f ! moral & c]emonial law is v easily realiz$ by ref]5ce to our ideas ( civic fre$om 9 connexion ) ! crim9al law4 ,! crim9al law exi/s1 & ! policem5 are among its adm9i/rative (fic]s1 b ! respectable citiz5 is free 9 8 relation to ! crim9al law1 & passes ! policeman )\t any s5se ( al>m--n because he is at lib]ty to break ! law1 b because he has become accu/om$ to a way ( liv+ ) :i* ! ag5ts ( ! law are n call$ ^u to int]f]e4 ,x is 9 a s5se l ?is t ,/4 ,paul conceives ! ,*ri/ians to h escap$ f ! bondage ( ! ,mosaic law4 #bdd #c4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ! common phrase our 'passions'8 ,x ref]s to ^? feel+s :i* we exp]i5ce )\t any action ( our w4 ,x may be a m]e neutral s5sation ( smell4 ,x may be a feel+ ( hung]1 ?ir/1 desire1 ang]4 ,^! are our 'passions' z oppos$ to our actions4 ,^! appeal to ! w z motives1 & x app]ta9s to ! w to det]m9e :e!r x w yield to !m & s translate passions into volunt>y actions4 ,:5 ! w is weak1 & passion is all[$ to pass into action uncontroll$1 ! man becomes ! slave ( s91 & 8 passions1 9 !mselves innoc5t or only con/itut+ ! mat]ial ( temptation1 become ! 's9ful passions' ( :i* ,/4 ,paul speaks 9 ?is place4 #a ,mat!w ,arnold1 ,/4 ,paul & ,prote/antism1 p4 #gf4 #b ,eph4 v4 #bb4 #bde ,,division ,,iii4 #f4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 #g-be4 ,! function & failure ( ! law4 ,! some:at confus$ passage j dealt )1 9 :i* sev]al moral ideas & metaphors are /ruggl+ = ! ma/]y1 is foll[$ by a fam\s passage ( lum9\s p[] 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul exp\nds1 ) a pr(\nd insight into human nature1 ! function & failure ( law4 ,! close alliance into :i* ,/4 ,paul con/antly puts '! law' ) ! reign ( s91 an alliance h>dly sugge/$ by any o!r ,new ,te/am5t tea*]1 sugge/s inevitably ! idea t ,/4 ,paul1 l ! lat] ,gno/ics1 reg>d$ ! law itself z 's91' t is1 z ow+ its orig9 to ! p[] ( evil & work+ = its ends4 ,su* an idea he ( c\rse repudiates4 ,b all ! same x is law1 writt5 or proclaim$1 & law only1 :i* bo? awak5s ! s5se ( s9 9 man & /imulates s9 itself to put #bdf =? its p[]4 ,let me take myself1 we may imag9e ,/4 ,paul z say+ 7= ! ',i' ( ?is passage is v f> f be+ /rictly autobiographical71 z repres5t+ man 9 8 moral hi/ory4 ,i 0 alive ap>t f any law once4 ,t is to say1 ,i liv$ z suit$ me be/1 accord+ to my in/9cts1 ask+ no moral que/ions & tr\bl$ by no scruples4 ,& all ?is "t s91 consid]$ z a moral tyrant1 0 z if dead4 ,i _h no def9$ moral ideal & consequ5tly no /ruggle & no failure4 ,!n comes ! law ) its ',?\ %alt n covet' 7or d ?is or t74 ,x imposes limits 9 ! "n ( ,god on my life ( in/9ct4 ,x cries ',h&s (f6' ,at once ,i f9d opposition betwe5 me & ! law4 ,i d covet ?is & t :i* ! law says ,i mu/ n h4 ,i f9d myself 9 ! eye ( ! moral law a transgressor4 ,& !re is some?+ m ?an my own lawless desire 9 opposition to ! law4 ,i become consci\s ( a great p[] ( s9 at "w 9 ! _w & 9 me--some?+ great] ?an myself1 :i* int]v5es 9 ! /ruggle & re9=ces ! opposition to ! law4 ,! tyrant ,s9 r\ses himself on ! pretext af=d$ by ! ho/ile comm&m5t1 & ex]cises 8 p[] bo? by /imulat+ my desires1 l ,eve's 7v]4 #h71 & #bdg deceiv+ my intellig5ce1 l h]s1 to believe t good is evil 7v]4 #aa71 & s br+s me by means ( ! comm&m5t into a /ate ( flat disob$i5ce to ! law1 :i* is dea?4 ,= ! law 0 giv5 = life--',?is d1 & ?\ %alt live'2 b !re is ! necess>y conv]se--',?is transgress1 & ?\ %alt die' 7v]s4 #g-aa74 ,! law !n1 x is q pla91 is ! expression ( ! w ( ,god4 ,& ! p>ticul> comm&m5t is holy & righte\s & good4 ,is ! good !n my poison8 ,no4 ,b :at has happ5$ is ?is--! expression ( ! good 9 ! law has br\ght ! tyranny ( s9 out into ! light4 ,x _h me 9 its p[] be=e1 b ,i did n "k x & ,i did n /ruggle4 ,b z soon z ! law ar\s$ 9 me ! beg9n+ ( moral consci\sness1 s9 us$ ! comm&m5t z its knife to kill me2 & s %[$ its hide\s "*--:i* inde$ x 0 ! div9e int5tion to uncloak by means ( ! law 7#ab-ac74 ,= ?is x is t we mu/ recognize z ! true /ate ( ! case4 ,on ! "o h& a spiritual law proclaim$ ov] me4 ,on ! o!r h& a man :o 9 virtue ( my fle%ly nature h be5 sold to be a slave ( s91 & :o z a slave #bdh f9d myself do+ acts by =ce ( circum/ances1 ! true nature ( :i* ,i d n und]/&1 & :i*1 s f> f *oos+1 ,i hate 7v]s4 #ad1 #ae74 ,= ,i am n only ( ?is fle%ly nature2 ,i h also a consci5ce :i* responds to ! claim ( ! law & recognizes x z "r4 ,b my wi% to obey ! law is n /rong en\gh to c>ry my fle% ) x4 ,?us my actual practice is 9 flat contradiction to ! ideal ( my *oice4 ,b h5ce=? my w is on ! side ( ! law1 & myself is 9 my w#a4 ,:at runs s uncontrollably to evil is1 x appe>s1 n myself at all1 b ! ali5 tyranny ( s9 :i* has tak5 possession ( me & made my fle% its haunt & in/rum5t--! haunt & in/rum5t ( evil only & n ( good4 ,s ,i c only wi% good & practise evil1 & become m & m consci\s t ,i am n my own ma/]4 ,! law ( ,god1 accept$ by my w1 becomes ! law ( my m9d or inn] be+2 b :5 ,i seek to impose x on my limbs & act accord+ly1 ,i f9d ano!r law--! law ( ! tyrant ,s9--hold+ sway 9 my l[] nature2 my au?ority is defi$ & #bdi ,i myself am dragg$ 9 humiliat+ captivity to s9 9 my l[] nature 7v]s4 #af-bc74 ,my body has become ! dea? ( my _s4 ,x is my prison-h\se4 ,i cry out 9 my mis]y = deliv]ance4 ,& x is ?is deliv]ance :i* ,i praise ,god = hav+ giv5 me ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l4 7,by union ) ,him my high] self is re9=c$1 & ,i c control my l[] nature & become my own ma/]47 ,b 9 my isolat$1 unassi/$ self1 ! be/ t ,i c get to is a flat contradiction betwe5 ! s]vice ( ! law ( ,god 9 my m9d & ! s]vice ( s9 9 my fle% 7v]s4 #bd1 #be74 ,:at %all we say !n8 ,is ! law s98 ,god =bid4 ,h[beit1 ,i _h n kn[n s91 except ?r\gh ! law3 = ,i _h n kn[n covet+1 except ! law _h said1 ,?\ %all n covet3 b s91 f9d+ occasion1 wr\ght 9 me ?r\gh ! comm&m5t all mann] ( covet+3 = ap>t f ! law s9 is dead4 ,& ,i 0 alive ap>t f ! law once3 b :5 ! comm&m5t came1 s9 reviv$1 & ,i di$2 & ! comm&m5t1 :i* 0 unto life1 ?is ,i f\nd to be unto dea?3 = s91 f9d+ occasion1 ?r\gh ! comm&m5t beguil$ me1 & ?r\gh x slew me4 ,s t ! law is holy1 & ! comm&m5t holy1 & righte\s1 & good4 ,did !n t :i* is good become dea? unto me8 ,god =bid4 ,b s91 t x might be %ewn to be s91 by work+ dea? to me ?r\gh t :i* is good2--t ?r\gh ! comm&m5t s9 might become exce$+ s9ful4 ,= we "k t ! law is spiritual3 b ,i am c>nal1 #bej sold "u s94 ,= t :i* ,i d ,i "k n3 = n :at ,i w\ld1 t d ,i practise2 b :at ,i hate1 t ,i d4 ,b if :at ,i w\ld n1 t ,i d1 ,i cons5t unto ! law t x is good4 ,s n[ x is no m ,i t d x1 b s9 :i* dwelle? 9 me4 ,= ,i "k t 9 me1 t is1 9 my fle%1 dwelle? no good ?+3 = to w is pres5t ) me1 b to d t :i* is good is n4 ,= ! good :i* ,i w\ld ,i d n3 b ! evil :i* ,i w\ld n1 t ,i practise4 ,b if :at ,i w\ld n1 t ,i d1 x is no m ,i t d x1 b s9 :i* dwelle? 9 me4 ,i f9d !n ! law#b1 t1 to me :o w\ld d good1 evil is pres5t4 ,= ,i delight 9 ! law ( ,god aft] ! inw>d man3 b ,i see a diff]5t law 9 my memb]s1 w>r+ aga9/ ! law ( my m9d1 & br++ me into captivity "u ! law ( s9 :i* is 9 my memb]s4 ,o wret*$ man t ,i am6 :o %all deliv] me out ( ! body ( ?is dea?8 ,i ?ank ,god ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l4 ,s !n ,i myself ) ! m9d s]ve ! law ( ,god2 b ) ! fle% ! law ( s94 i4 ,/4 ,paul1 z has be5 said1 is con/antly 9 8 epi/les ( ?is p]iod /at+ briefly or allud+ to ! failure ( '! law' to supply man ) ! moral /r5g? ne$$ to live a good life at peace ) ,god4 ,?us3 ',! p[] ( s9 is ! law4' ',z _m z are ( ! works ( ! law are "u a curse4' ',! lett] 7! writt5 law7 kille?4' ',?r\gh ! law come? ! #bea k ( s94' ',! law worke? wra?4' ',! law came 9 beside1 t ! trespass might ab\nd#c4' ,! fir/ ( ^! say+s1 occurr+ z x does altoge!r out ( app>5t connexion ) ! context1 %[s u z cle>ly z any?+ c\ld h[ full ( ! idea 8 m9d 04 ,b only "h1 9 ?is *apt]1 does he op5 8 he>t to u to %[ u ! exp]i5ce on :i* su* a /range & orig9al conclusion 0 bas$4 ,we c imag9e a y\? ( int5sely susceptible moral & religi\s nature l ,saul ( ,t>sus pass+ out ( ! home ( 8 boyhood into ! s*ool ( ,gamaliel 9 ,j]usalem4 ,! "o subject ( in/ruction !re 0 '! law'--! div9e law :i* 0 ! pride ( ,israel's race--9 all ! gr& sev]ity ( its moral requirem5t & 9 all ! complexity ( its ritual regulations4 ,x 0 ! "o topic4 ,& all ab\t him he saw ! ,ph>isees build+ up ! fabric ( a m]itori\s life be=e ,god out ( _! obs]vances4 ,n[1 no d\bt ! mo/ easily self-satisfi$ ,ph>isees made mu* ( ! pr9ciple ( comp5sation--t 'ob$i5ce to c]ta9 laws' 7e4g4 ! law ( ! sabba? or '! law ( fr+es'7 '0 z good z ob$i5ce to ! #beb :ole#d4' ,! ,ph>isee ( our ,"l's p>able :o w5t up to ! temple to pray1 satisfi$ himself because he obs]v$ c]ta9 practices beyond ! requirem5ts ( ! law4 ,our ,"l be>s witness t ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees paid ti! ( m9t & anise & cumm9--traditional ext5sions ( ! law--& omitt$ ! weighti] matt]s1 judgem5t1 m]cy1 & fai?1 yet 7 righte\s 9 _! own eyes4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! maxim ( ,/4 ,james1 ',:osoev] %all keep ! :ole law1 & yet /umble 9 "o po9t1 he is become guilty ( all1' 0 a commonplace ( ! ,jewi% s*ools4 ,!re c be no d\bt t x mu/ h be5 ! sev]] tea*+ t fa/5$ ^u "y ,saul's m9d4 ,he ackn[l$g$ himself a 'debtor to keep ! :ole law#e4' ,& 9 ritual detail1 ?\gh no d\bt ! ef=t requir$ 0 imm5se1 he manag$ to be 'blameless#f4' ,b 9 ! weighti] & deep] matt]s x 0 n s4 ,! moral law1 en=c$ & comm5t$ ^u1 cont9ually confront+ him ) its ',?\ %alt n1' br\ght to light 9 him ! fact ( s9--9 desire1 we %\ld ga!r1 r ?an 9 act or ^w4 ,! law said ',?\ %alt n covet' 7or #bec lu/74 ,& ,saul said1 ',b ,i d lu/ aft] ?is & t & ! o!r4 ,my he>t & my desires are n 9 h>mony ) ! law4 ,nay1 ! v fact t ! law prohibits x seems to make my wrong desire /rong]4' ,s ! :ole ,ph>isaic idea ( a moral life--! /&+ ov] aga9/ ,god & build+ up a fabric ( m]its--seem$ to be unsatisfactory4 ,! fabric 9 8 own case 0 full ( int]nal rott5ness4 ,x w\ld n be> sev]e exam9ation4 ,moreov] he c\ld n b obs]ve ! lives ( ^? ar\nd him :o 7 s well satisfi$ ) _! moral edifices1 & he recogniz$ t _! satisfaction 0 due to no?+ b hypocrisy or %all[ness4 ,z he w5t lat] to ,jewi% settlem5ts 9 v>i\s c5tres1 he saw always ! picture ( a life fair 9 its own eyes & rott5 9 fact4 ,8 g5]al exp]i5ce ( ,jewi% life is summ$ up /rongly en\gh 9 ! second *apt] ( ?is epi/le4 ,?us he drew ! conclusion t ! law c\ld n be really kept--x 0 only possible to keep x by means ( evasions & comp5sations :i* made x worse ?an useless4 ,mean:ile !re 0 =m+ itself 9 ,saul's m9d ! conviction t ! :ole attitude ( ! ,ph>isees t[>ds ,god 0 false4 ,!y liv$ z if ,god _h made a contract or cov5ant ) #bed !m1 & )9 ! t]ms ( ?is cov5ant man c\ld deal ) ,god on an indep5d5t basis4 ,god mu/ keep to ,8 cov5ant & n augm5t x or *ange x4 ,& on _! side ! p ( ,god "u ! cov5ant _h no?+ to d b to keep _! "p ( ! b>ga9 & claim _! rew>d ) a consci\s & prop] pride 9 ! m]its ( _! race & ( !mselves4 ,?is 0 exactly ! _s 9 :i* !y reject$ ,jesus z ! ,*ri/1 z x 0 also exactly ?is _s :i* ,he _h *os5 = ,8 /]ne/ d5unciations4 ,b all ?is idea ( m]its1 all ?is boa/+1 mu/ h come to seem to ,saul's m9d mon/r\sly untrue to ! real fundam5tal relation ( man to ,god4 ,= :o make? !e to diff]8 & :at ha/ ?\1 ,o ,jew1 t ?\ did/ n receive8 ,& if ?\ did/ receive x1 :y do/ ?\ boa/ ?yself z if ?\ had/ n receiv$ x8 ,?us ,/4 ,paul's tra9+ mu/ n only h made him feel t he c\ld n satisfy himself 9 keep+ ! :ole law2 b x mu/ also h conv9c$ him t law itself z a pr9ciple1 law z und]/ood & repres5t$ among ! or?odox ,jews1 0 fundam5tally & p]man5tly incompatible ) ! real relation ( man to ,god4 ,!re 7 _m elem5ts 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 #bee notably 9 ! ,psalms1 9 :i* a q diff]5t relation ( man to ,god 0 indicat$--a relation ( meek tru/ z ( a son to a fa!r1 & ( p5it5ce & dep5d5ce & peace4 ,b 9 ! tea*+ ,/4 ,paul _h receiv$1 ! law1 ! legal cov5ant ( man & ,god1 :i* sugge/$ a q diff]5t moral attitude1 0 ! ess5tial elem5t2 & t1 we mu/ suppose1 he felt increas+ly sure 0 a f\ndation on :i* he c\ld n /&4 ,no d\bt ^! deep que/ion+s ab\t ! law1 & ! gr[+ mis]y accompany+ !m1 made him at fir/ all ! m zeal\s = x4 ,no d\bt !y expla9 8 fanaticism aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians4 ,no d\bt 8 'kick+ aga9/ ! goad' repres5ts ! rebellion ( 8 he>t aga9/ any?+ :i* seem$ to ?reat5 ! position ( ! law ( 8 fa!rs1 & especially aga9/ ! utt] upheaval ( f\ndations involv$ 9 accept+ = ,*ri/ ,him :om ! lead]s ( 8 p _h reject$ & caus$ to be crucifi$4 ,b :5 he _h effect$ ! great transition1 :5 he _h f\nd 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ all t satisfi$ 8 deepe/ in/9cts ab\t ,god & 8 deepe/ desires = union ) ,him1 8 old exp]i5ce ( ! law took %ape 9 a pr(\nd !ory ( its place 9 ! div9e #bef education ( ! human race4 ,ultimately man is meant to be 9 su* close & h>moni\s relations to ! div9e ,_s t he %\ld bo? "k :at is "r & d x by an inn] light & p[]4 ,b an outw>d writt5 law 0 a necess>y prelude to ?is2 & t 9 ! ma9 because s9--individual s9s & ! long tradition ( s9--_h h>d5$ m5's consci5ces & bl9d$ _! eyes1 & ! div9e law z proclaim$ ?r\gh ! consci5ce _h become 9 consequ5ce ei!r utt]ly inadequate or _h ev5 be5 sil5c$ altoge!r4 ,a writt5 law !re=e1 p]emptory & explicit1 & ann\nc+ its sanction 9 def9ite p5alties1 0 ne$$ to tea* m5 anew :at ,god really requir$4 ,x 0 giv5 9 su* a mode z ?rew m5 on _! own indep5d5t moral /r5g?1 & by t v fact conv9c$ ! be/ among !m ( _! inw>d weakness & s92 :ile to _m m x appe>$ r z involv+ an impossible ef=t--z 'a yoke :i* nei!r !y nor _! fa!rs 7 able to be>4' ,9 ei!r case x 0 _! 'tutor to br+ !m to ,*ri/'--) ,8 tea*+ ( ,god1 n z a taskma/]1 b z a ,fa!r1 righte\s inde$1 b /ill m lov+4 ,& if !re 7 o!rs aga91 %all[ or wor?less m51 :om ! law simply h>d5$ #beg 9 ! sup]ficial self-righte\sness ( m]e 'obs]vances1' or ! wor/ sort ( religi\s hypocrisy1 t 0 only ano!r way ( demon/rat+ its inadequacy4 ,x left ! _w to *oose betwe5 ! ,ph>isees & ,*ri/ z repres5t+ real righte\sness4 ,?is 'doctr9e ( ! law' involves bo? its necess>y function & its failure4 ,!re c be inde$ to no ?\ghtful m9d any d\bt z to its necess>y function4 ,consci5ce1 individual & social1 is cont9ually go+ to sleep4 ,x may be tak5 q = c]ta9 t if ,*ri/ 7 among/ u 9 manife/ p[] by ,8 ,_s to-day--z ,he ought to be 9 ! ,*ur*--our society z a :ole w\ld be smitt5 anew ) a s5se ( s91 & n lea/ ( social s9#g4 ,our famili> excuses = our selfi% indulg5ce ( our lu/s1 = our weak surr5d]s to passion & impulse1 = our comm]cial di%one/ies1 = our failures to c>ry righte\sness into politics1 = our social inju/ices1 = our selfi%ness & #beh luxury1 = our scamp$ & half-he>t$ "w--! famili> pleas ( comm]cial or physical necessity1 or political exig5cies1 or lack ( k1 or abs5ce ( responsibility1 or ! influ5ce ( h]$ity--w\ld dry up & )] on our lips "u ! p[]ful gl>e ( ! div9e 'lett]'--,?\ %alt1 ,?\ %alt n4 ,god ha? n 'giv5 any man lic5se to s91' ,he ha? giv5 no man exemption f ! tr\ble or ! suff]+ or ! loss involv$ 9 do+ "r4 ,! obligation is p]emptory to be j1 to be m]ciful1 to be hone/1 to be self-d5y+1 to be pure4 ,& if we d n c>e to take ! tr\ble to be s1 ! only alt]native is to h ,*ri/ = our adv]s>y1 & f9d at la/ ! horrible dep? ( mean+ :i* ,8 words conta9--',?us & ?us h ye made void ! ^w ( ,god by y\r tradition4' ',inasmu* z ye did x n1 dep>t1 ye curs$1 into et]nal fire6' ',x is good = !e to ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god maim$ or halt or ) "o eye1 r ?an hav+ two h&s or feet or eyes to be ca/ into hell1 :]e _! worm die? n & ! fire is n qu5*$4' ,^! & ! l words are metaphorical--b metaphors :i* are int5d$ to tea* ! he>t only ! m vividly because !y are metaphorical4 #bei ,inde$1 9 ea* age1 & !re=e 9 ours1 mo/ f]tile ( excuses1 we ne$ ! lett] to kill u2 ! /]n1 outw>d1 unmi/akable ann\ncem5t ( ,god's w to assure u t ,god does n *ange ) our :ims or feel+s1 & _c accommodate ,himself to immoral necessities4 ,9 ea* age1 & !re=e 9 ours1 mo/ capable ( moral self-deception1 we ne$ cont9ual & =cible rem9d]s t a quiet consci5ce is no adequate gu>antee ( agreem5t ) ,god1 unless we h tak5 pa9s to keep our consci5ce enlight5$ by m$itat+ on ! div9e ^w4 ,& if ,/4 ,paul's acc\nt ( ! function ( '! law' is true1 s also is 8 acc\nt ( its necess>y failure4 ,x is obvi\sly true if y conf9e '! law' to mean+ :at 9 ! tradition ( ! ,ph>isees x _h come to mean1 or :at 9 8 ideal way ( ?9k+ ,/4 ,paul def9$ x to mean--t is1 n ! :ole ,old ,te/am5t ) its anticipations 9 prophecy & psalm ( ! temp] ( son%ip & its evangelical =eca/s ( ! new cov5ant1 b b>e precept1 express+ ext]nally & unmi/akably ! w ( ,god4 ,m]e law1 in/ruct+ m5 truly & se>*+ly z to ,god's requirem5t 9 ?\ght z well z ^w & de$1 in/ruct+ #bfj m5 & *all5g+ !m1 & do+ no?+ m1 is s manife/ly incomplete an expression ( ,god's relation to man1 q ap>t f all "q ( its ritual elem5ts1 t x c 9 ! nature ( ?+s s]ve only a tempor>y purpose 9 ! consci5ce1 by lead+ u to a tru] k ( ,him :o t]rifies inde$1 b only 9 ord] to reassure1 & kills b only 9 ord] to raise to life aga94 ii4 ,at ?is po9t x is necess>y to answ] ! two mu*-disput$ que/ions--& x is possible to d x briefly--,is ,/4 ,paul1 9 giv+ ?is summ>y ( moral exp]i5ce1 speak+ '( himself or ( "s o!r man'8 &--,is ! /ruggle describ$ 9 v]ses #ad-bd to be reg>d$ z occurr+ )\t or )9 ! fronti]s ( ! reg5]ate /ate8 ,!re is no d\bt t ,/4 ,paul mu/ be 9 "p really describ+ an exp]i5ce ?r\gh :i* he pass$4 ,he 0 really1 we may imag9e1 'alive )\t ! law once' 9 ! s5se t he 0 br\ght up a happy ,jewi% *ild1 "u ! law b n deeply feel+ ! t]ror ( its claims1 until he 0 gr[+ t[>ds #bfa ! 'indep5d5t' p]iod ( life & f\nd himself confront$ ) its requirem5ts 9 detail4 ,!re ne$ be no d\bt t he is speak+ ( "s exp]i5ce ( 8 own :5 he alludes1 "h z else:]e1 to ! deceitfulness ( s92 & :5 he describes ! two /ages ( moral progress--! fir/1 9 :i* ! consci5ce ( ! man is awak5$ to recognize t 8 habitual practice is n 9 any full s5se controll$ by 8 reason & w2 & ! second1 9 :i* ! w is delib]ately enli/$ on ! side ( good1 & ! man only made !reby ! m consci\s t 8 w is 9 no real control ( 8 actions1 b t he is ! captive ( ! ali5 p[] ( s94 ,9 "s s5se1 ?\gh ,/4 ,paul does n give u ! mat]ials = say+ exactly 9 :at s5se1 he mu/ h pass$ ?r\gh ^! /ages ( exp]i5ce4 ,he mu/ h really felt himself ! slave ( s91 ?\gh ! s9 0 ( a sort :i* left him1 'z t\*+ ! righte\sness :i* is 9 ! law1 blameless4' ,he mu/ h felt t he c\ld n d :at he ought2 & ! bitt]ness ( 8 p]secut+ zeal may h be5 9 "p ! reflection ( ?is s5se ( impot5ce4 ,& s f> z ,/4 ,paul is speak+ ( himself1 !re c be no %ad[ ( d\bt t ! /ate #bfb ( conflict lay almo/ :olly outside 8 conv]sion & reg5]ation4 ,x 0 'prev5i5t grace'--,god's deal+ ) him be=e he ackn[l$g$ ,*ri/--t set 8 w s /rongly to desire & approve ! "r2 & 8 new p]sonal fai? 9 ,jesus1 & ! might ( ! ,_s ( ,jesus to :om he became unit$1 gave him ! p[] to d :at he _h s long & s ineffectually be5 will+4 ,?is 0 8 exp]i5ce1 & he be>s witness to x4 ,ev5 ?\gh he w\ld h made no claim to s9lessness aft] 8 conv]sion1 yet ! s5se ( s9 :i* possess$ him s /rongly1 :i* made him call himself 'n wor?y to be call$ an apo/le1' 'less ?an ! lea/ ( all sa9ts1' & '*ief ( s9n]s1' 0 9 ! ma9 a memory ( :at 0 pa/4 ,! pres5t s5se 0 ! consci\sness ( p[] 9 ,*ri/4 ,x is inconceivable t ,/4 ,paul %\ld describe himself1 :ile a ,*ri/ian1 z 'sold "u s94' ,& x 0 an idea ( human corruption q diff]5t f ,/4 ,paul's :i* prev5t$ ,augu/9e & ,calv9 f recogniz+ t ei!r a pi\s ,jew1 or a ,g5tile :i* _h n ! law1 c\ld be mov$ by ! div9e ,_s to 'rejoice 9 ! law ( ,god aft] ! inn] man' 7v]4 #bb71 q indep5d5tly ( any k ( ,*ri/4 #bfc ,b if ,/4 ,paul is 9 a real measure autobiographical 9 ?is passage1 !re is no reasonable d\bt t he is n m]ely s4 ,he has g5]aliz$ 8 exp]i5ces to repres5t ! moral exp]i5ces ( ! race4 ,! ',i' is ! human individual 9 g5]al4 ,?us 'alive )\t ! law1' if x c 9 a c]ta9 s5se describe :at ,/4 ,paul _h once be51 describes mu* bett] ! /ate ( m5--,greeks & ,romans1 or m5 all ! _w ov] 'be=e ! law came'--:o _h an easy social /&>d & liv$ natural lives )\t any tr\blesome moral ideals1 & 7 :olly unvisit$ by consci5ti\s scruples or ! t]rors ( ! div9e hol9ess4 ,^u su* m5 comes ! sev]] k ( ! righte\sness ( ,god ?r\gh ! tea*+ ( "s prophet or f\nd] ( religion4 ,x may come to m5 collectively 9 a nation or gr\p1 & result 9 "s g5]al movem5t ( consci5ce4 ,or x may come to an individual ?r\gh "s circum/ance :i* confronts him ) a high] moral claim ?an he has ev] fac$ be=e--?r\gh ! example ( a fri5d1 ?r\gh a book or a s]mon4 ,to _m 9 ,/4 ,paul's day ! synagogues1 :]e ',moses _h 9 e city !m t prea*$ him1' _h be5 ! means ( _! awak5+ to ! moral #bfd claim ( ,god4 ,& :5ev] m5 are ?us confront$ ) ! div9e law ( righte\sness1 9 a m or less p]fect =m & ) m or less ( impressiv5ess lay+ its prohibitions ^u !m--',?\ %alt n d ?is or t'--if !y d n h>d5 _! he>ts to x1 !y pass ?r\gh ! /ages ( exp]i5ce :i* ,/4 ,paul has s admirably idealiz$4 ,!re is t 9 !m :i* ! prohibitions ( ! div9e law /imulates into antagonism4 ,!y become consci\s ( a p[] :i* beguiles or *eats !m into break+ ! law2 !y awake to ! s5se ( s9 & failure to d ,god's w1 & f9d t !y are n _! own ma/]s1 b are drift+ "u ! impulse ( :at is n !mselves4 ,!re awak5s 9 !m ! consci5ce & w to approve & *oose :at is "r1 & ) t a 'self-contempt bitt]] to dr9k ?an blood1' z !y realize t ?\gh !y approve & *oose ! "r !y _c d x4 ,?us ! conviction is /r5g!n$ t _! true selves are on ! side ( ,god & "r1 & t :i* holds !m captive is an ali5 tyranny :i* has got its lodgem5t 9 _! l[] nature4 ,?is is ! psy*ological mom5t = ! arrival ( ! gospel4 ,! man :o simply #bfe desires ! "r & is p>alyz$ by 8 own impot5ce to realize x 9 8 own /r5g?1 out ( ! dep? ( 8 despair le>ns t ,god is n a taskma/] & judge1 b a ,fa!r2 t ,he is n 8 adv]s>y1 b is on 8 side2 t if he w simply surr5d] himself to ! div9e love1 z x is made evid5t 9 ,*ri/1 all 8 pa/ failures & s9s are z if !y _h nev] be51 & = ! future ,god w n tea* him f outside & leave him to /ruggle alone1 b w "w 9 him to w & to d ,8 good pleasure4 ,!n ! s5se ( moral impot5ce may pass into ! s5se ( p[] 9 ,*ri/4 ,& 9 proportion z any man's actual life-hi/ory1 or ! hi/ory ( any gr\p ( m51 corresponds to ?is ideal sket*1 ! p]iod ( moral /ruggle & failure may fall 9 ! ma9 outside ! reg5]ation & new life 9 ,*ri/4 ,b1 almo/ f ! beg9n+s ( ,*ri/ianity1 & increas+ly z ,*ri/ianity has become popul>1 m5 h be5 '*ri/5$' 9 infancy or 9 mature life )\t ! moral issue hav+ be5 def9$ or ! moral w awak5$4 ,an ord9>y ,engli%man1 = example1 is baptiz$ 9 infancy4 ,?is means t he is actually reg5]ate & introduc$ into #bff ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,9 r>e cases he is s br\ght up z to realize ?is1 & corresponds s will+ly ) ! tea*+ t he lives ! life ( ! reg5]ate f ! fir/1 & nev]1 except 9 a v ref9$ =m1 kn[s ! s5se ( impot5ce or passes ?r\gh ! p]iod ( hopeless /ruggle4 ,he has nev] f\nd ,god's comm&m5ts griev\s4 ,b 9 mo/ cases !re is no su* pa9s tak5 to enlight5 ! "y consci5ce1 or no su* read9ess ( correspond5ce4 ,! man lives z 8 surr\nd+s sugge/--a dec5t en\gh life1 v likely1 & m or less hon\rable1 b nev] 9 face ( ! full div9e law4 ,& su* an "o is 'alive )\t ! law4' ,= him all ! exp]i5ces ,/4 ,paul describes are /ill to come1 inside ! circle ( 8 actual reg5]ation4 ,& !y may be v gradual & sl[1 & may repeat !mselves1 m or less1 innum]able times4 ,/4 ,paul's is an ideal picture2 b ! int5d$ issue is always ! same4 ,:5 we f9d ourselves say+1 ',to w is pres5t ) me1 b to d t :i* is good is n1' we may be q c]ta9 t we are n realiz+ ! p[] ( our new bir?4 ,we are z m5 :om ,god has z yet only ext]nally visit$4 ,we are consci\s ( our own weakness & ( ! #bfg /r5g? ( evil2 b n ( ! ?ird =ce1 /rong] ?an ei!r ourselves or ! p[] ( evil1 :i* is at our disposal if we w draw ^u x4 ,:at is ne$$ is a delib]ate & :ole-he>t$ realization t we are 9 ,*ri/ & ,*ri/ is 9 u by ,8 ,_s2 an unconditional surr5d] ( fai? to ,him3 a practice1 :i* gr[s m natural by ex]cise1 ( rememb]+ & delib]ately draw+ by fai? ^u ,8 /r5g? 9 ! mom5ts ( temptation & n m]ely ^u our own res\rces4 ',9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ( ,naz>e? ,i w d ?us & ?us4' ,s we too may =m l ,/4 ,paul ! habit ( victory4 ,we too may cry 9 sob] e>ne/ ',x is no long] ,i t live 79 my nak$ self71 b ,*ri/ t live? 9 me4' ',i ?ank ,god ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l4' ,:5 t s5se ( /ruggle or failure :i* ,/4 ,paul describes occurs1 z is g5]ally ! case ) u traditional ,*ri/ians1 9 ! process ( our awak5+ to ! k ( ! new bir?1 we may 9 a s5se say t ! /ruggle is "p ( ! process ( reg5]ation#h2 b ! ^w 'reg5]ation' be/ describes1 n a process1 b a s+le div9e act ^u u & 9 #bfh u#i1 & ?is s+le div9e act is consi/5tly id5tifi$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ) our baptism1 ?\gh x is only realiz$ by our moral conv]sion :5 we awake to claim ! privileges ( our new life4 iii4 ,!re are two small] po9ts :i* claim notice4 ,we are rem9d$ by ! way 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul speaks ( s91 9 ?is & o!r passages--z a =ce or p[] great] ?an ! individual man1 :i* possesses him & dom9ates him ?r\gh 8 l[] nature--& especially by ! consci\sness :i* he betrays ( its 'beguil+' p[]1 t he believ$ 9 p]sonal ag5cies ( evil4 ',our wre/l+ is n aga9/ fle% & blood 7m]ely71 b aga9/ ! pr9cipalities1 aga9/ ! p[]s1 aga9/ ! _w-rul]s ( ?is d>kness1 aga9/ ! spiritual ho/s ( wick$ness 9 ! heav5ly places#aj4' ,p>ticul>ly x is 9 ! deceitfulness ( s9 t ,/4 ,paul realizes :at "o mu/ call ! p]sonal "* ( ! evil p[]#aa4 ,he is pr(\ndly consci\s t #bfi !re makes itself he>d 9 temptation a voice z ( a p]son :i* lies to u1 z x li$ to ,eve1 z to ! true "* ( ! sugge/$ action2 & :5 we h be5 deceiv$ & s$uc$1 & h done ! de$1 & its real "* has become app>5t1 '! tempt]' turns r\nd ^u u ) ! gr9 ( unmask$ malevol5ce4 ,is !re any "o :o c really dissociate f 8 own spiritual exp]i5ce ?is idea ( ! tempt] & ! deceiv]8 ,we d well to rememb] 9 read+ ?is passage ! mean+ ( ! recurr+ ^w 'law4' ,9 mod]n ,engli% x has come to mean ! pr9ciple or me?od obs]vable 9 any?+4 ,su* & su* a ?+1 we say1 exhibits su* & su* a law1 i4e4 acts con/antly 9 su* & su* a way4 ,x is natural !re=e = u to read ?is mean+ into ! ^w 9 v]se #ba1 z 9 ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion1 ',i f9d !n a law1 t1 :5 ,i w\ld d good1 evil is pres5t ) me1' i4e4 ,i f9d t ?is is :at con/antly happ5s4 ,b ! ,greek ^w1 z us$ 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 does n be> any mean+ l ?is#ab4 ,x means always ! #bgj injunction or set ( injunctions impos$ by a law-giv]4 ,9 ?is passage x is us$ sev5 times ( ! div9e 7,mosaic7 law4 ,:5 ! w accepts ?is law & w\ld impose x on ! l[] nature1 x becomes '! law ( ! m9d1' i4e4 ! law :i* ! m9d enjo9s 7v]se #bc74 ,) ?is conflicts '! law ( s91' '! diff]5t law1' :i* s9 or ! evil "o w\ld impose & :i* has ga9$ actual sway '9 our memb]s4' ,we mu/ !n int]pret v]se #ba 9 h>mony ) ?is use1 & tak+ ! s5t5ce to be a brok5 "o1 translate1 z ! m>g9 ( ! ,revis$ ,v]sion1 ',i f9d !n1 9 reg>d ( ! law1 t1 to me :o w\ld d good1 evil is pres5t4' #a ',i 0 myself 9 bo? fle% & _s1 b m myself 9 :at ,i approv$ ?an 9 :at ,i disapprov$4'--,augu/9e1 ,confessions1 viii4 #e4 #b ,r1 z m>g91 ',i f9d !n 9 reg>d ( ! law'3 see bel[1 p4 #bfi4 #c ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xv4 #ef2 ,gal4 iii4 #aj2 #b ,cor4 iii4 #f2 ,rom4 iii4 #bj2 iv4 #ae2 v4 #bj4 #d ,see ,j4 ,b4 ,mayor 9 ,! ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,james 7ii4 #aj71 p4 #hf4 #e ,gal4 v4 #c4 #f ,phil4 iii4 #f4 #g ,x is disappo9t+1 ,i ?9k1 t ! grave appeal to ! ,*ur* z reg>ds social duty1 made by ! bi%ops assembl$ at ,lambe? la/ ye> 9 comm5d+ to ! notice ( u all ! report ( _! ,committee on ,indu/rial ,problems1 has receiv$ su* scant att5tion1 except f a c]ta9 gr\p ( ,*ur*m5 :o 7 already occupi$ ) ! problem4 ,x might h be5 expect$ t ?is solemn appeal w\ld h va/ly wid5$ ! area ( att5tion4 #h ',int] reg5]&um4' ,/4 ,john w n speak ( a wilful s9n] z truly 'begott5 ( ,god1' #a ,john iii4 #i2 v4 #ah1 c4 #i ,see ,dale1 quot$ 9 ,ephesians1 p4 #hf4 #aj ,eph4 vi4 #ab4 #aa ,cf4 #b ,!ss4 ii4 #i-aa3 ',! work+ ( ,satan ) all 444 deceit ( unrighte\sness 444 a work+ ( error1 t !y %\ld believe a lie4' #b ,cor4 xi4 #ad3 ',satan fa%ione? himself into an angel ( light4' #a ,tim4 ii4 #ad3 ',! woman be+ beguil$ ha? fall5 into transgression4' ,cf4 ,heb4 iii4 #ac3 ',! deceitfulness ( s94' #ab ,x nev] appe>s to be us$1 z 9 classical ,greek1 = 'cu/om1' ei!r 9 ,,lxx or ,n4,t4 #bga ,,division ,,iii4 #g4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 #a-aa4 ,life 9 ! ,_s4 ,if we 7 to repres5t ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans z a bas relief1 !re w\ld be two passages :i* w\ld h to /& 9 ! highe/ relief--! end ( ! ?ird *apt]1 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul speaks ( t free ju/ification :i* is giv5 to all m5 on ! equal basis ( fai? 9 ,*ri/ ! propitiation = _! s9s2 & ?is eigh? *apt]1 9 :i* he speaks ( ! triumph :i* belongs to ! life ( ! ju/ifi$1 liv$ 9 ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,_s4 ,! note ( ?is *apt] is /ruck 9 ! words 'no condemnation' at ! beg9n+--',!re is !re=e n[ no condemnation to !m t are 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4' ,/4 ,paul knew s well :at x 0 to be consci\s ( be+ "u condemnation4 ,he _h nev] be5 :at we %\ld call a s9n]4 ,he _h always be5 a man :o1 accord+ to ! /&>ds ( ! #bgb ,ph>isaic righte\sness1 0 pre-em95tly righte\s2 he _h always be5 a man :o did mu* = religion4 ,b he _h kn[n1 9 a =m 9 :i* x is kn[n to v few ( u1 :at x 0 to be consci\s ( be+ "u ,god's condemnation4 ,god _h be5 to him z a taskma/] ov] aga9/ him1 break+ 9 ^u 8 life ) cont9ual & se>*+ w>n+s z to ! div9e requirem5ts1 ) cont9ual ?reat5+s & cont9ual t]rors2 & he _h be5 z "o /&+ ov] aga9/ ,god ) ! consci\sness t1 d z he might1 he c\ld nev] satisfy1 or climb up to ! level (1 ! requirem5ts ( ! righte\s ,god4 ,!re 0 always ! haunt+ s5se t he fell %ort--always ! haunt+ s5se t he 0 on 8 trial1 & on t trial 0 condemn$4 ,b n[ all _h be5 *ang$2 & t by a process :i* 9 a c]ta9 s5se 0 z simple z possible1 b ?an :i* no?+ c\ld be m fundam5tal & deep4 ,all 0 *ang$ because ! relation _h begun at ! o!r end4 ,no long] 0 !re a climb+ up ( man to ,god1 no long] ! ef=t ( a ,saul to comm5d himself to ,god4 ,! relation%ip _h begun at ! o!r end1 at ,god's end4 ,or r1 :at _h begun 0 ! realization on ! man's #bgc "p ( ! true ord]4 ,= ,god _h be5 be=eh& ) ,saul all along4 ,all ! "t t he 0 /riv+1 work+1 slav+ to comm5d himself to a ,god ^: righte\sness he c\ld nev] atta9 to1 ,god 0 wait+ !re = him to f9d out 8 mi/ake--wait+ to reveal ,himself z no h>d taskma/]1 b z ! ,creator1 ! ,fa!r ( 8 _s4 ,! process _h n[ begun anew f ! o!r side4 ,god _h simply ( ,8 own pure initiative manife/$ ,8 love4 ,he _h s5t ,8 ,son out ( ,8 own ess5tial be+ into ?is _w z x 01 n ask+ :e!r x 0 a fit _w = ! ,son to ent] into2 b tak+ x simply z x 01 because x appeal$ to ! div9e compassion by ! v multitude ( its s9s & ! v va/ness ( its ne$1 ,god _h s5t =? ,8 only begott5 ,son out ( ! bosom ( ,8 love & ( ,8 pure initiative2 _h s5t ,him to take ?is nature ( ours ^u ,him1 9 x to make atonem5t = u ) ,god1 & 9 x1 rais$ f dea? & glorifi$1 to be ! s\rce ( a new & spiritual life1 su* z %\ld triumph ov] s9 9 all :o w believe 9 ,him4 ,t is ! great po9t4 ,x 0 all purely ,god's do+3 a pure disclosure & act ( ,god1 :o %[$ ,himself ready to take #bgd m5 z !y 71 to =give !m & entru/ !m ) ! div9e ,_s1 if !y w\ld only tru/ ,him4 ,god is no long] ! taskma/] ov] aga9/ m51 ) ,8 ?reats & ,8 t]rors4 ,he is ! ,fa!r :o has giv5 ,8 ,son1 :o has giv5 m5 a sacrifice :]eby ,he c =give _! s9s1 & has giv5 !m ! ,_s ( ,8 ,son into _! he>ts4 ,god is on _! side1 & !y are on ,god's side4 ,t is ! great *ange4 ,& ! object ( x all is t :at =m]ly seem$ s unatta9able might n[ be ! v ?+ t prov$ itself practicable--to live accord+ to ,god2 t ! requirem5t ( ! law might be no long] an impossible claim ov] u1 t]roriz+ u ) its p]petual ?reats1 b t by ! p[] ( ! new life 9 :i* we live1 '! righte\sness ( ! law might be fulfill$ 9 u1 :o walk n aft] ! fle%1 b aft] ! _s4' ,! foll[+ is a p>aphrase ( ! passage we are n[ to /udy3-- ,! result !n ( all t has be5 said is t ! div9e v]dict ( guilty1 :i* w5t =? ov] m5 on acc\nt ( _! s9s--t 'disclosure ( div9e wra?' :i* ,/4 ,paul _h s pr(\ndly felt & int]pret$--hangs no long] ov] ^? :o h pass$ into ! new #bge life 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,9 ! old life1 s9 ) its att5dant dea? held sway ov] u & gave ! law to our actions4 ,b we 7 fre$ f t despotism 9 pass+ "u a new & /rong] au?ority4 ,x is ! div9e ,_s1 by :om we h be5 br\ght into ! life 9 ,*ri/1 :o n[ controls u4 ,( old ! ,mosaic law 0 p[]less to help u4 ,x c\ld in=m u ( ,god's w1 b x c\ld n enable our poor weak human nature to keep ,8 requirem5ts4 ,b ,god has provid$ an effective rem$y = ?is /ate ( ?+s4 ,he has s5t ,8 own ,son to take our nature ^u ,him1 & come 9 among our s9ful race )\t any app>5t diff]5ce betwe5 u & ,him4 ,he put ,him simply among u & 9 our position1 to be ! sacrifice = s92 & !reby did = u :at we _h s fail$ to d = ourselves--pass$ effective s5t5ce ( condemnation on s91 & t 9 our own nature4 ,d we ask h[ s9 0 condemn$8 ,! answ] is1 x /ood condemn$ by ! p]fect sacrifice ( rep>ation = s91 :i* ! s9less ,man made to ! div9e "* on our behalf1 :5 at ! requirem5t ( ob$i5ce ,he %$ ,8 blood4 ,x /ood condemn$1 /ill m fully1 by ! fact t ,god rais$ ,him f ! dead & exalt$ #bgf ,him f> beyond ! rea* ( s91 to ! glory ( ,8 "r h&1 & made ,him ! head ( a r$eem$ manhood1 & p\r$ =? ,8 ,_s to be ! new life ( all t believe 9 ,him#a4 ,& ! object ( ?is mission ( ! ,son1 & ?is judgem5t on s9 9 ,8 p]son1 0 ! creation ( t new humanity to :i* we belong1 :i* lives n "u ! control ( human appetite1 b "u ! control ( ,_s3 & because x s lives1 9 ! life ( ,ano!r1 succe$s 9 ! "o po9t :]e man _h hi!rto fail$1 9 keep+ ! righte\s requirem5ts ( ! div9e law4 ,our new way ( life1 !re=e1 is contra/$ ) ! old 9 its :ole tone4 ,= j z1 if we live 9 fact "u ! control ( our weak manhood ) its wants & appetites1 our m9d & consci\s aim is direct$ to m9i/] to its purposes1 s 9 ! same way if our life is 9 fact controll$ by ,_s1 our consci\s aim also is direct$ to spiritual purposes4 ,& ! two lives are contra/$ no less m>k$ly 9 _! prospects4 #bgg ,! m9d controll$ by human appetites is "u ! doom ( dea?1 temporal & et]nal4 ,! m9d controll$ by ! ,_s is 9 a /ate ( life1 s f> z conc]ns itself1 & ( peace t[>ds ,god4 ,! m9d controll$ by human appetites is "u ! doom ( dea? because x is at w> ) ,god4 ,x does n1 x _c1 keep ,8 comm&m5ts4 ,^? !re=e :o s live 9 _! own /r5g? m]ely1 _c please ,him4 ,b t is n n[ our /ate4 ,we n[ live 9 ! p[] ( ,_s1 s9ce ! ,_s ( ,god & ,*ri/--t is1 ,*ri/ ,himself--dwells 9 u4 ,to h ,him is ! v mean+ ( be+ a ,*ri/ian4 ,n to h ,*ri/'s ,_s1 t is ,himself1 dwell+ 9 u1 is n to belong to ,him4 ,b if ,he does dwell 9 u1 !n1 ?\gh ! body mu/ /ill pay ! debt ( dea?1 because ( s9 to :i* x has belong$--nay ?\gh x is already z good z dead--yet ! ,_s )9 u is a sup]ior pr9ciple ( life1 because ( ! div9e righte\sness :i* x be/[s ^u u4 ,& ?is life %all triumph ov] dea? 9 our case1 z 9 ,*ri/'s4 ,= ,god1 :o rais$ up ,*ri/ f ! dead1 %all also by ! work+ ( ! div9e ,_s :i* dwells 9 u1 give life aga9 ev5 to our bodies1 ?\gh n[ !y are subject to dea?4 #bgh ,!re is !re=e n[ no condemnation to !m t are 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,= ! law ( ! ,_s ( life 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus made me free f ! law ( s9 & ( dea?4 ,= :at ! law c\ld n d1 9 t x 0 weak ?r\gh ! fle%1 ,god1 s5d+ 8 own ,son 9 ! lik5ess ( s9ful fle% & z an (f]+ = s91 condemn$ s9 9 ! fle%3 t ! ord9ance ( ! law might be fulfill$ 9 u1 :o walk n aft] ! fle%1 b aft] ! _s4 ,= !y t are aft] ! fle% d m9d ! ?+s ( ! fle%2 b !y t are aft] ! _s ! ?+s ( ! _s4 ,= ! m9d ( ! fle% is dea?2 b ! m9d ( ! _s is life & peace3 because ! m9d ( ! fle% is enmity aga9/ ,god2 = x is n subject to ! law ( ,god1 nei!r inde$ c x be3 & !y t are 9 ! fle% _c please ,god4 ,b ye are n 9 ! fle%1 b 9 ! _s1 if s be t ! ,_s ( ,god dwelle? 9 y4 ,b if any man ha? n ! ,_s ( ,*ri/1 he is none ( 84 ,& if ,*ri/ is 9 y1 ! body is dead because ( s92 b ! _s is life because ( righte\sness4 ,b if ! ,_s ( him t rais$ up ,jesus f ! dead dwelle? 9 y1 he t rais$ up ,*ri/ ,jesus f ! dead %all quick5 also y\r mortal bodies ?r\gh 8 ,_s t dwelle? 9 y4 #a4 ,/4 ,paul decl>es t ! ,fa!r s5t ,8 own ,son to r$eem u 9 '! lik5ess ( ! fle% ( s94' ,! ^w 'lik5ess' is ! same z t us$ 9 ! simil> passage#b1 :]e we are told t ! et]nal ,son 9 love = u 'empti$ ,himself' s f> z to take ! '=m1' #bgi or ess5tial *>act]i/ics1 ( our s]vile human nature2 nor only its ess5tial *>act]i/ics1 b also ! outw>d conditions or 'lik5ess' ( common m5 z !y are4 ,! po9t is t ,*ri/1 :o ,himself z man 'knew no s9#c1' appe>$ among/ u "u all ! circum/ances ( s91 & ) no outw>d or app>5t diff]5ce betwe5 u & ,him--'9 all po9ts l z we are' ) ! s+le exception ( s9 9 ! w or 9 ! nature4 #b4 ,9 v]se #c ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion1 & ! m>g9 ( ! ,revis$1 translat+ ! ,greek lit]ally1 give u1 ',god s5d+ ,8 own ,son 444 = s94' ,b ! phrase '= s9' is cont9ually us$ 9 ! ,greek ( ! ,old ,te/am5t = ! s9-(f]+1 & 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t always has ! sacrificial mean+ atta*$ to x#d2 & accord+ly its mean+ "h mu/ be s def9$4 #c4 ,! fle% ( man1 consid]$ z a mat]ial ?+1 is n evil4 ,x 0 t :i* ! ,son took1 & x 0 '9 ! fle%' s assum$ t ,he pron\nc$ s5t5ce on s9--9 t v fle% :i* 0 s9's doma92 z1 9 ! ,epi/le #bhj to ! ,ephesians#e4 ,he is said to h 'aboli%$ ! enmity 9 8 fle%4' ,! fle% z su* !n is n evil2 b :51 z 9 our fall5 /ate1 ! prop] ord] ( our complex manhood has be5 rev]s$1 & ! fle% has become ! pr$om9ant p>tn]1 hav+ ! ma/]y ( ! _s1 !n x becomes a 'fle% ( s94' ,to live '9 ! fle%1' or 'accord+ to ! fle%1' is to let ! fle% h its way & be ! ma/] in/ead ( ! slave4 ,!n ! :ole life becomes c>nal--a c>ry+ out '! works ( ! fle%'--& ev5 ! rational faculty becomes a 'c>nal m9d4' ,:at our r$emption effects is to re/ore ! "r ord] & make ! fle% aga9 ! in/rum5t ( ! _s--( ! human _s1 t is1 emp[]$ by ! div9e ,_s1 )\t :i* x _c hold its gr\nd4 ,!n ! :ole life1 ) all its bodily faculties1 becomes spiritual & c>ries into effect '! works ( ! ,_s4' ,9 ! passage we h be5 consid]+1 ! ,revis$ ,v]sion di/+ui%es1 by ! use ( capital lett]s1 betwe5 ! div9e ,_s#f & ! human#g1 or _s 9 g5]al2 b ! fact t ! div9e ,_s is :at lib]ates & re/ores ! human _s is s mu* 9 ,/4 ,paul's #bha m9d t x seems bett] to make ! prim>y ref]5ce to ! div9e ,_s ?r\gh\t4 ,x is ( ! greate/ practical mom5t to grasp t1 to ,/4 ,paul1 ! *ange 9 human life :i* comes ab\t ?r\gh our conv]sion & new bir? is a *ange 9 ord]4 ,:at 0 manag$ f bel[ is n[ controll$ f above4 ,t is ! po9t on :i* we ne$ to exam9e ourselves4 ,:]e d we beg9 f8 ,are we 9 ! position ( m5 /ruggl+ to manage _! own lives1 & comm5d !mselves accord+ to "s /&>d m or less "r1 :i* ei!r _! p]sonal pride or _! social circle or ! div9e law has set up8 ,if s1 ,god is ov] aga9/ u1 our taskma/]1 our adv]s>y1 our /]n judge1 & our life is 'accord+ to ! fle%4' ,x is manag$ f bel[4 ,x is rul$ on its own level1 & x fails4 ,b !re is ano!r life :i* beg9s at once f ! ?\ght ( ,god4 ,god has made u1 & !re=e ,he is responsible = u4 ,he has made me because ,he loves me4 ,!re=e ,he is b\nd to make ! be/ ( me4 ,if ,i w only put myself into ,8 h&s ,he is pl$g$1 simply because ,he creat$ me1 !re=e to r$eem me1 to save me1 to glorify me4 ,he takes t responsibility ^u ,himself4 ,he has %[n ,8 #bhb love by ! s5d+ & ! sacrifice ( ,8 ,son & by ! gift ( ,8 ,_s4 ,& ,8 ,_s ,i h receiv$4 ,at a def9ite mom5t ,he came ^u me4 ,he ent]$ into my life1 z into ^? fir/ ,*ri/ians to :om ,/4 ,paul wrote1 at baptism & by ! lay+-on ( h&s4 ,?is is ! fact !n4 ,god is on my side4 ,he makes ,himself responsible = my be+4 ,if ,i w only entru/ myself to ,him ) ! cordial return ( tru/ful love1 !n all t ,he has ev] brea!d into my he>t ( human possibility ,he w realize & br+ to p]fection4 ,! requirem5t ( ! law %all be fulfill$ 9 u :o walk n aft] ! fle% b aft] ! ,_s4--,?is is a po9t ( view ^u :i* x is wor? :ile reflect+ deeply1 & ov] & ov] aga94 ,unless we are cont9ually practis+ ourselves 9 ?is conception ( life1 we f9d ourselves fall+ back aga9 into ! attitude ( "o /&+ ov] aga9/ ,god ) ,god = 8 taskma/]4 ,& t is ! false & always ru9\s idea4 ,we mu/ also take c>eful note ( :at ,/4 ,paul means by 'spiritual' & 'c>nal4' ',c>nal' does n mean made ( fle%1 & 'spiritual' does n mean immat]ial4 ,t is c>nal :i* is rul$ by ! fle%1 rul$ f #bhc bel[4 ,t life is c>nal 9 :i* our _s1 meant = ,god1 is dragg$ at ! *>iot-:eels ( our l[] life2 & t is spiritual :i* is rul$ & ma/]$ by ! ,_s4 ,we mu/ n suppose t we %all make our religion spiritual by disp>ag+ ext]nal acts or bodily ex]cises ( wor%ip4 ,no2 t is spiritual :i* is rul$ by ! ,_s4 ,! wor%ip 9 '_s & 9 tru?1' = u m5 :o belong to ! religion ( ! ,inc>nation1 mu/ be a wor%ip 9 body4 ,b x w be spiritual if x is full ( spiritual int5tion4 ,secul> bus9ess aga9 is spiritual if x is rul$ by ! div9e ,_s accord+ to ! law ( righte\sness4 ,politics are spiritual1 comm]cial & municipal life are spiritual1 art & sci5ce are spiritual1 & ev]y?+ t develops our faculties is spiritual1 if we w all[ ! div9e ,_s to rule 9 all accord+ to ! law ( righte\sness1 tru?1 & beauty4 ,= ! :ole ( our be+1 ) all its sum ( faculties1 is made by ,god & meant = ,god4 ,:at a mi/ake x is !n1 :5 p speak1 z !y s (t5 d1 z if s9 7 really natural1 z if lu/ & worldl9ess 7 natural1 & z if spirituality 7 some?+ unnatural1 belong+ to ano!r _w4 ,x is exactly ! opposite4 ,! only natural position = u is :5 our #bhd fle% is rul$ by ! _s4 ,x is an unnatural usurpation :5 ! _s is dragg$ at ! *>iot-:eels ( ! fle%1 :5 our life is dom9at$ by lu/s or appetites4 ,t is ! v ov]?r[ ( nature4 ,& grace does b re/ore to u ! true ord] ( our be+1 :5 ! fle% & all ! faculties ( our body are aga9 controll$ by ! _s1 s t our :ole be+ expresses a spiritual purpose & obeys a spiritual law4 ,! same ext]nal acts are spiritual or c>nal1 natural or unnatural1 accord+ z !y express or d n express ! m9d ( ! ,_s4 ,! same physical facts are ! basis ( true m>ri$ love1 & ( ! wilde/ lic5ti\sness4 ,9 ! latt] case !y are c>nal because !y express no spiritual purpose2 9 ! o!r case !y are spiritual because1 consecrat$ 9 ! family life1 !y become ! organ & ! vehicle ( ! div9e ,_s4 ,god w be responsible = our :ole life1 our politics1 our comm]ce1 our m>riage1 ! work+s ( our intellect1 ! work+s ( our emotions1 all ! p>ts ( our nature4 ,he w raise our nature up ?r\gh dea?2 ,he w consecrate x to life immortal 9 ! div9e city2 ,he w sanctify x "h & n[3 if only1 & 9 all ?+s1 we w believe t ,he :o made our #bhe life is capable ( mak+ ! be/ ( x1 & %[ ourselves ready to entru/ x to ,8 disposal4 #d4 ,we mu/ notice :at is impli$ 9 ?is passage ab\t ! ,holy ,tr9ity4 ,/4 ,paul speaks#h ( '! ,_s ( ,god' 7! ,fa!r71 '! ,_s ( ,*ri/1' ',*ri/1' & !n aga91 ! ',_s ( ,him t rais$ up ,*ri/1' z if all ^! expressions 7 id5tical2 z else:]e#i he prays t ! ,fa!r w /r5g!n m5 by ,8 ,_s1 9 ord] t ,*ri/ may dwell 9 _! he>ts1 & !y be fill$ ) ! fullness ( ,god4 ,all :i* language means t :]e ! ,_s is1 ,*ri/ is1 & :]e ,*ri/ is1 ,god ! ,fa!r is4 ,s 9 ,/4 ,john1 our ,"l speaks ( ! ,holy ,_s z 'ano!r' advocate :o is to come '9 8 "n' f ! ,fa!r2 & yet adds t 9 ! ,_s's com+ ,he ,himself w come2 & ) ,him ! ,fa!r--'we w come#aj4' ,! sacr$ 'p]sons' are spok5 ( z di/9ct--p]sonally di/9ct--& yet z s mutually involv$ 9 ! action "o ( ano!r t ! com+ ( "o is ! com+ ( all4 ,s truly is ,god "o 9 ?ree4 ,we f9d some?+ l ?is 9 human p]sonalities "u ! influ5ce ( love4 ,ea* s+le p]sonality is n #bhf self-conta9$ & exclusive4 ,love1 to a real degree1 fuses p]sons2 & ?us ! husb& & wife & *ild 7to take ! highe/ example7 may be said to live & act 9 "o ano!r & ?r\gh "o ano!r's influ5ce4 ,b ?is is only to a limit$ ext5t4 ,we are also mutually exclusive4 ,our responsibility & actions rema9 individual & imp]meable4 ,:at ,i am do+1 ,i am do+1 & n ano!r4 ,b ) ,god ! mutual int]p5etration ( ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,_s1 is repres5t$ 9 ! inspir$ language z f> m complete4 ,! ,godhead is a fell[%ip & relation%ip ( p]fect love '9 ?ree p]sons4' ,b ,god is n ?ree sep>ate individuals4 ,:at ea* 'p]son' does ! o!rs d4 ,! action ( "o involves all4 ,god is insep>ably "o 9 ,8 be+ & 9 ,8 action4 ,if ! ,fa!r creates1 ,he creates ?r\gh ! ,son & by ! ,_s4 ,if ! ,son r$eems1 ! r$emption proce$s f ! ,fa!r & is effect$ 9 ! ,_s4 ,if ! ,_s sanctifies1 x is f & 9 ! ,fa!r & ! ,son4 ,?us :5 ! ,_s came =? at ,p5teco/ out ( ! uplift$ manhood ( ! ,son to imp>t to u all ,8 ri*ness1 ,he came n m]ely to supply ,8 abs5ce1 b to accompli% ,8 pres5ce4 ,he makes ,*ri/ pres5t )9 u1 & also ! #bhg ,fa!r3 s t ,god1 ?ree 9 "o1 dwells 9 ! he>ts ( ,8 p4 #e4 ',! requirem5t ( ! law is to be fulfill$ 9 u4' ,d we ask h[ we are to keep ! :ole ( t t]rible law8 ,x is by obey+ ! comm&m5t to love our neighb\rs z ourselves1 9 :i* ! :ole law is 'briefly compreh5d$#aa4' #f4 ,if 9 ! la/ v]se ( ?is passage we read '?r\gh ,8 ,_s1' & n 7z ! m>g97 'because ( ,8 ,_s1' !n ! ,holy ,_s is expressly spok5 ( z ! ag5t ( our resurrection &1 by implication1 ( ! resurrection ( ,*ri/4 ,& ?is is ! natural function = ! ',giv] ( ,life'3 inde$ ',_s' means no?+ else ?an 'brea?'--! 'brea? ( life f ,god#ab4' #a ,! passage 9 brackets exp&s ! s5se 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul conceives ! ,fa!r to h pass$ s5t5ce ( condemnation on s91 9 ! p]son & ?r\gh ! sacrifice ( ,*ri/1 9 accordance ) su* passages z v]s4 #ba-bd2 iv4 #be2 ,phil4 ii4 #h-aj2 ,eph4 i4 #ae ff4 #b ,phil4 ii4 #g4 #c #b ,cor4 v4 #ba4 #d ,see ,heb4 x4 #f1 cf4 #ah1 #bf2 xiii4 #aa2 #a ,pet4 iii4 #ah2 #a ,john ii4 #b2 iv4 #aj4 #e ii4 #ae4 #f ,v]ses #b1 #i1 #aa4 #g ,v]ses #d1 #e1 #f1 #i1 #aj4 #h ,v]ses #i-aa4 #i ,eph4 iii4 #ad-ai4 #aj ,john xiv4 #af1 #ah1 #bc1 #bf4 #aa ,rom4 xiii4 #i4 #ab ,ezek4 xxxvii4 #i2 ,rev4 xi4 #aa4 #bhh ,,division ,,iii4 #h4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 #ab-ag4 ,! life ( son%ip4 ,we are n[ 9 ! ,_s4 ,! div9e ,_s dwells )9 u1 & re/ores our nature to its prop] balance by giv+ u control ov] our l[] nature4 ,! moral mean+ & obligations ( su* a condition are pla91 & ,/4 ,paul proce$s to en=ce !m4 ,:5 our impulses & appetites solicit u to let !m h _! own way1 we mu/ give !m to und]/& t !y are mak+ a claim :i* we _c recognize & :i*1 if we did1 w\ld lead u ! way ( dea?4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is ^! m]ely physical t5d5cies--! practices ( ! body :5 left to itself--t we mu/ put to dea? by ! p[] ( ! ,_s4 ,& if we d ?is we are on ! way ( life4 ,:y s c]ta9ly8 ,because we are sons ( ,god--no?+ less4 ,^? :o ?us act "u ! ,_s's guidance are all ( !m sons ( ,god4 ,fur!r1 #bhi if we ask ourselves :at sort ( _s we receiv$ :5 we became ,*ri/ians1 we "k t x 0 n a _s appropriate to slaves & calculat$ to br+ u aga9 into a condition ( t]ror "u a law4 ,x 0 a _s appropriate to ^? :o h be5 adopt$ = sons ( ,god1 & x is 9 ! p[] ( t _s t we cry out to ,god by ! "n ( ,abba1 ,fa!r1 9 our famili> supplication4 ,we h ?us 9 our own spirits ! s5se t we are sons2 & beh9d t & re9=c+ x1 ! div9e ,_s1 by putt+ ! ^w ,fa!r into our lips1 be>s ! same witness4 ,well !n1 if we are ?us *ildr5 ( ,god1 we h ! *ild's prospect ( ent]+ into our inh]itance4 ,*ri/1 our eld] bro!r1 has already ent]$ into x1 & we %all ent] into x ) ,him1 if we are cont5t to take ! ,*ri/ian maxim = true1 & suff] ) ,him on ?is side ( dea?1 t we may %>e ,8 glory beyond4 ,s !n1 bre?r51 we are debtors1 n to ! fle%1 to live aft] ! fle%3 = if ye live aft] ! fle%1 ye mu/ die2 b if by ! _s ye mortify ! de$s ( ! body1 ye %all live4 ,= z _m z are l$ by ! ,_s ( ,god1 ^! are sons ( ,god4 ,= ye receiv$ n ! _s ( bondage aga9 unto fe>2 b ye receiv$ ! _s ( adoption1 :]eby we cry1 ,abba1 ,fa!r4 ,! #bij ,_s himself be>e? witness ) our _s1 t we are *ildr5 ( ,god3 & if *ildr51 !n heirs2 heirs ( ,god1 & jo9t-heirs ) ,*ri/2 if s be t we suff] ) him1 t we may be also glorifi$ ) him4 ,!re are sev]al phrases 9 ?is passage :i* we %all d well to notice4 #a4 ,if by ! _s ye mortify ! de$s ( ! body1 ye %all live4 ,mortification is absolutely necess>y1 & at e /age ( ! ,*ri/ian life4 ,x is ! c>ry+ into effect 9 detail ( ! fundam5tal law ( our new life--! law :i* ! baptismal ritual 0 int5d$ to tea*--life by means ( dea?4 ,= ! body _h ga9$ ! upp] h&3 x _h come to control ! weak5$ _s4 ,!re=e ! re9vigorat$ _s mu/ react ^u ! body & its impulses4 ,x mu/ make its gov]nm5t felt1 & ! physical t5d5cies mu/ be *eck$1 prun$1 cut back4 ,?is is ! ,*ri/ian circumcision4 ,& z ,*ri/ 0 fir/ born1 !n circumcis$ ! eigh? day2 s ea* new bir? 9 ,*ri/ mu/ be foll[$ by a l circumcision ( ! luxuriance ( animal appetites4 ,we le>n ! lesson :5 we are *ildr53 we expect to be re/ra9$ & curb$3 & unless we are v fooli% we le>n ! lesson only m deeply 9 lat] life4 ,!re #bia is no s+le faculty or function ( our be+ :i* c escape ?is law4 ,no fri5d%ip c be cem5t$ )\t mutual self-d5ial4 ,no m>riage1 h[ev] f\nd$ on affection1 c be bless$ )\t ! mutual pa9 ( self-repression & concession4 ,no art or sci5ce c be ma/]$ by m]e intellig5ce )\t moral discipl9e4 ,no gift c be consecrat$ 9 its natural luxuriance4 ',e bran* 9 ,*ri/ t be>e? fruit1 ,he prune? x t x may br+ =? m fruit4' #b4 ,z _m z are l$ by ! ,_s ( ,god1 ^! are sons ( ,god4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t language w\ld h u reg>d all ! baptiz$ z reg5]ate & sons ( ,god1 b x w n let u mi/ake ! mean+ ( ?is tea*+4 ,9 any effective s5se x is !y1 & only !y1 :o are really controll$ by ! div9e ,_s :o c call !mselves sons4 ,z ,/4 ,john says1 fre$om f s9 is ! only te/ ( div9e bir?#a4 ,& ! be/ way to make our new bir? effective is to m$itate on ! gift :i* we1 :5 we became ,*ri/ians1 did actually receive4 ,we :o1 l ! fir/ ,*ri/ians1 receiv$ baptism ) ! lay+-on ( h&s1 did !n & !re receive 7su* is ! implication #bib ( ,/4 ,paul's language7#b a _s prop] n to slaves b to sons ( ,god1 qualify+ u to call on ,god z our fa!r1 & to co-op]ate 9 ! purposes ( ,8 k+dom4 ,x rema9s = u to claim ^! p[]s & privileges ( our son%ip1 & to claim !m to ! full4 ,yet h[ _m anxi\s-m9d$ ,*ri/ians ( our day w\ld appe> to h receiv$ no?+ m nor less ?an ! _s ( slaves6 ,!y realize _! religion z a re/ra9t1 a responsibility1 a cause ( fe>4 ,& su* a s]vile religion is no d\bt bett] ?an a hypocritical s5se ( son%ip unaccompani$ by ! fe> ( s94 ,! wise man rem>ks t 'a s]vant t deale? wisely %all h rule ov] a son t cause? %ame1 & %all h "p 9 ! inh]itance among ! bre?r5#c4' ,b ! _s ( ! slave is n :at we are call$ to4 ,if we _h m religion1 if we w\ld give x fre] c\rse1 if we w\ld cons5t to ?9k less ( our circum/ances & m ( ,god & ,8 gifts1 !re w\ld be less fe> & m joy bo? 9 our "w & our pray]4 #c4 ,abba1 ,fa!r4 ,our ,"l1 speak+ 9 #bic ,aramaic1 ! v]nacul> ( ,pale/9e1 is record$ by ,/4 ,m>k 9 ,8 h\r ( agony to h said ,abba4 ,& ev5 9 ! ,greek-speak+ *ur*es ( ,/4 ,paul's day1 t sacr$ ^w 0 /ill us$ side by side ) its ,greek equival5t1 accord+ to ! witness ( ?is & ! p>allel passage1 ,gal4 iv4 #f4 ,/4 ,paul appe>s to be ref]r+ to "s occasion on :i* ! ,*ur* 0 9 ! habit ( call+ on ,god ) ! ,aramaic & ,greek words side by side1 & x is m ?an likely#d t he is mak+ a def9ite ref]5ce to ! ,"l's ,pray]1 z recit$ by ! ,roman & ,galatian ,*ri/ians 9 ! =m prescrib$ = u 9 ,/4 ,luke's v]sion#e1 beg9n+ ',fa!r4' ,! ret5tion by ,greek ,*ri/ians ( an ,aramaic ^w 9 a famili> religi\s =mula1 is l ! lat] ret5tion by ! ,lat9s ( ! ,greek pray]1 ,kyrie eleison1 or ! ret5tion by u ( ! names ,te ,deum1 ,magnificat1 c4 ,/4 ,paul's mean+ w\ld come home to u bett] if we 7 to read--':]eby we cry ,our ,fa!r4' #d4 ',! ,_s himself be>e? witness ) our _s1 t we are *ildr5 ( ,god4' ,?is is a v #bid important passage = %[+ t ,/4 ,paul did n 9 any way confuse ! div9e ,_s & ! human1 & t 9 8 belief ! div9e indwell+ did n 9 any way annihilate ! human p]sonality4 ,ev5 9 ! close/ union ,god rema9s ,god & man man4 ,b ! passage is at lea/ z important z op5+ up a special av5ue ( insight into ,/4 ,paul's conception ( ,*ri/ian wor%ip & spiritual life g5]ally4 ,he speaks fir/ ( a witness ( ! individual spirits ( ,*ri/ians to ! fact ( _! div9e son%ip2 & he di/+ui%es f x some?+ great]1 a witness ( ! div9e ,_s1 support+ ! human4 ,:at exactly does he mean by ?is witness ( ! div9e ,_s z di/9ct f ! consci\sness :i*--"u ! lead+ ( ! div9e ,_s--,*ri/ians are l$ !mselves to =m8 ,h[ are we to di/+ui% ! ,_s's witness f ! witness ( our own he>ts inspir$ by ,him8 ,is x m]ely#f t ! 'consci\sness 7( ! individual7 is analyz$1 & its data are ref]r$ p>tly to ! man himself1 p>tly to ! ,_s ( ,god mov+ & prompt+ him8' ,i d n ?9k t a clos] exam9ation w lead u to be satisfi$ ) ?is4 #bie ,! witness ( ! div9e ,_s is app>5tly fix$ by ! context to consi/ 9 ! supply to u ( ! phrase ',abba1 ,fa!r#g'4 ,x is ! ,_s '9 :om we cry' 7or1 z ! passage 9 ! ,galatians says1 ':o ,himself comes into our he>ts cry+7 ,abba1 ,fa!r1' :o ?us1 by sugge/+ ?is cry to u1 be>s witness ) our own spirits t we are sons ( ,god4 ,?us ! support+ witness ( ! ,_s lies especially 9 a c]ta9 mode ( address to ,god or =mula ( pray] :i* ,he supplies4 ,b ?is 'cry' or pray] ! ,_s supplies to ! he>ts ( ! ,*ur* z a :ole4 ,! :ole ,*ur*1 & n ! individual s\l only1 is ! ,_s's home4 ',"k ye n t ye are 7corporately7 a temple ( ,god1 & ! ,_s ( ,god dwelle? 9 y'#h8 ,! witness ( ! ,_s is ?us a witness borne 9 ! :ole ,*ur*1 :i* supports & su/a9s ! witness ( ! individual s\l4 ,?is is a ?\ght full ( consolation4 ,! life ( ! individual ,*ri/ian reposes ^u1 & is infold$ by1 ! l>g] life ( ! :ole body4 ,beh9d 8 own spiritual consci\sness1 ) all its vicissitudes1 lies ! inspir$ consci\sness ( ! :ole body1 ! witness ( ! ,_s2 & ?is 9 "p expresses itself 9 inspir$ #bif =mulas--! ,"l's ,pray]1 ! psalms1 ! cre$s ( ! div9e "n1 ! ,*ur*'s wor%ip2 & ^! =mulas1 repres5t+ our be/ self1 are to su/a9 u 9 our fluctuations ( feel+1 & c>ry u ov] our p]iods ( dryness & ins5sibility4 ',! ,_s ,himself be>e? witness ) our _s4' #e4 ',! inh]itance' ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god1 :i* 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t beg9s by mean+ ! ,holy ,l&1 0 spiritualiz$ into mean+ ! k+dom ( ! ,messiah4 ',!y %all inh]it ! l& = ev]#i'3 '! meek %all inh]it ! e>?#aj4' ,& ?is k+dom ( ! ,messiah is an et]nal k+dom3 '!y %all inh]it et]nal life#aa'--t is to be our inh]itance z ! *os5 p ( ! ,"l4 ,& x is an inh]itance n only incorruptible b inexhau/ible3 all %>e 9 x to ! full ( _! capacities1 & ! abundance ( ^? :o %>e dim9i%es no?+ f ! ri*ness t rema9s4 ,& into t inh]itance ,*ri/ is '! way4' ,8 life %[s ! law by :i* x is to be won4 ,x 0 a curr5t ,*ri/ian say+--'a fai?ful say+'--'if we di$ ) ,him1 we %all also live ) ,him2 if we endure1 we %all also reign #big ) ,him#ab4' ,& :5ev] we are incl9$ to compla9 at any?+ we may h to suff]1 !re is "o ?\ght capable at once ( qu5*+ all murmur+1 because ( its indisputable reasonabl5ess--',x is en\gh = ! disciple t he be z 8 ,ma/]4' #a #a ,john iii4 #i4 #b ',ye receiv$' 7at a p>ticul> "t71 n 'ye h receiv$'2 cf4 above1 p4 #bad1 note #a4 #c ,prov4 xvii4 #b4 #d ,see ,*ase1 ,"l's ,pray] 9 ! ,e>ly ,*ur* 7',texts & ,/udies1' ,cambridge71 p4 #bc4 ,cf4 ,hort on #a ,pet4 i4 #ag4 #e xi4 #b4 #f ,s4 & ,h41 9 loc4 #g ,cf4 ,vaughan & ,gif=d1 9 loc4 #h #a ,cor4 iii4 #af4 #i ,isa4 lx4 #ba4 #aj ,matt4 v4 #e4 #aa ,matt4 xix4 #bi4 #ab #b ,tim4 ii4 #aa4 #bih ,,division ,,iii4 #i4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 #ah-cj4 ,! hope ( ! creation4 ,/4 ,paul has t\*$ ^u ! famili> topic ( ,*ri/ian suff]+1 & he ends 8 great argum5t ) a spl5did enc\ragem5t to believ]s to suff] gladly1 & t = a manifold reason4 ,fir/ 7#ah-be71 t ! suff]+ is altoge!r inconsid]able by comp>ison ) ! glory to :i* x leads1 & is 9 itself only a "p ( ! univ]sal travail-pang ?r\gh :i* creat$ nature z a :ole is to produce a glori\s new e>? to be ! habitation ( righte\sness4 ,secondly 7#bf-cj71 t we are n alone 9 our suff]+s4 ,we h ! support1 )9 u & ar\nd u1 ( ! ,holy ,_s z our effective int]cessor1 & ! consci\sness ( an et]nal & infallible purpose ( div9e love :i* is tak+ effect /age by /age 9 ! case ( ea* "o ( u :om ,god has made memb]s ( ,8 elect body4 ,! foll[+ is a p>aphrase4 #bii ,! suff]+s 9 :i* ?is pres5t situation involves u ,*ri/ians are q inconsid]able by comp>ison ) ! heav5ly glory :i* is de/9$ to be disclos$ & to include u4 ,! s5se ( ?is glori\s future p]vades ! :ole creation4 ,nature is l "s on-look] at a spectacle cran+ ! neck to see :at is com+4 ,%e is wait+ = ! f9al disclosure ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god 9 _! true position2 kn[+ t %e too--z a new heav5 & a new e>?--w %>e t glori\s future4 ,at pres5t h] p[]s are cont9ually fru/rat$2 failure is ev]y:]e2 ! law ( corruption is ^u h] l a bondage4 ,?is curse %e 0 subject$ to1 ?r\gh no w ( h] own1 by ! simple fiat ( h] ,creator--b n = ev]3 %e 0 left to hope = deliv]ance f ?is bondage into a /ate ( fre$om--a %>e1 t is1 9 ! fre$om :i* is to belong to ! f9al glory ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god4 ,) ?is 9 m9d we c be> ! univ]sal spectacle ( pa94 ,:at we h always he>d hi!rto1 :]ev] we h l5t our e> all ?r\gh nature1 has be5 groans2 b !y are ! groans z ( a woman 9 travail3 & 9 ^! groans we1 ,god's *os5 p1 ?\gh we already possess ! fir/ in/alm5t ( ! div9e ,_s1 #cjj ! pl$ge ( :at is yet to come--9 ^! groans we be> our "p1 & also 9 ! hope t accompanies ! groan+4 ,we groan expect+ to realize our son%ip1 z t c only be realiz$ :5 body z well z s\l is r$eem$ f all evil4 ,hope is ?us ! v condition on :i* we receiv$ our spiritual deliv]ance :5 we became ,*ri/'s4 ,& hope means no?+ else ?an a condition ( expect+ good ?+s n yet 9 sight4 ,x means ! read9ess to endure till !y come4 ,& !re is ano!r reason :y we %\ld be glad to be> our pres5t suff]+s4 ,x is because1 ?\gh we are weak 9 ourselves1 we are n left alone4 ,( ourselves we %\ld be bewild]$ & n "k ev5 :at we ought to ask ,god to give u4 ,b we h 9 ! ,_s :o dwells 9 u a div9e advocate & int]cessor4 ,8 int]cession makes itself p]ceptible to u 9 groan+ desires aft] a bett] condition1 desires :i* _c be put into words1 b :i* are intelligible en\gh to ,god4 ,he :o se>*es ! he>ts int]prets ! long+s we _c express--und]/&s1 t is1 ! ,_s's mean+2 = ,he is ,god's own ,_s1 & ! int]cessions ,he makes = u1 ! consecrat$ p1 express ,god's own #cja int5tion4 ,& :at t int5tion is t[>ds u we "k4 ,we "k t x is an int5tion ( good :i* _c fail = ^? :o love ,god2 or1 9 o!r words1 = ^? :o are ! subjects ( ! div9e purpose & call--an int5tion ( good to :i* ev]y?+1 ev5 seem+ evils1 mu/ m9i/]4 ,= ,god's purpose rea*es f et]nity to et]nity1 & _c be baffl$ f )\t or fail by ! way4 ,^? :om 9 et]nity ,he designat$ be=eh& z in/rum5ts ( ,8 w1 ^? ,he also et]nally de/9$ = ! highe/ human p]fection--= ! bless$ lot ( be+ made l ,8 own ,son1 z ,he %\ld be h]eaft] inc>nate1 s t ,he might be an eld] bro!r 9 a great human family3 & ^? :o 7 ?us appo9t$ be=eh& = ?is high de/9y1 9 due c\rse ,he call$ into ! elect body4 ,& ^? :om ,he ?us call$ ,he acquitt$ & accept$ = righte\s3 & :om ,he ?us accept$ ,he cr[n$ ) glory4 ,= ,i reckon t ! suff]+s ( ?is pres5t "t are n wor?y to be comp>$ ) ! glory :i* %all be reveal$ to u-w>d4 ,= ! e>ne/ expectation ( ! creation waite? = ! reveal+ ( ! sons ( ,god4 ,= ! creation 0 subject$ to vanity1 n ( its own w1 b by reason ( him :o subject$ x1 9 hope t ! creation itself also %all be deliv]$ f ! bondage #cjb ( corruption into ! lib]ty ( ! glory ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god4 ,= we "k t ! :ole creation groane? & travaile? 9 pa9 toge!r until n[4 ,& n only s1 b ourselves also1 :i* h ! fir/fruits ( ! ,_s1 ev5 we ourselves groan )9 ourselves1 wait+ = our adoption1 to wit1 ! r$emption ( our body4 ,= by hope 7 we sav$3 b hope t is se5 is n hope3 = :o hope? = t :i* he see?8 ,b if we hope = t :i* we see n1 !n d we ) pati5ce wait = x4 ,& 9 l mann] ! ,_s also helpe? our infirmity3 = we "k n h[ to pray z we ought2 b ! ,_s himself make? int]cession = u ) groan+s :i* _c be utt]$2 & he t se>*e? ! he>ts kn[e? :at is ! m9d ( ! ,_s1 because he make? int]cession = ! sa9ts accord+ to ! w ( ,god4 ,& we "k t to !m t love ,god all ?+s "w toge!r = good1 ev5 to !m t are call$ accord+ to 8 purpose4 ,= :om he =eknew1 he also =eorda9$ to be con=m$ to ! image ( 8 ,son1 t he might be ! fir/born among _m bre?r53 & :om he =eorda9$1 !m he also call$3 & :om he call$1 !m he also ju/ifi$3 & :om he ju/ifi$1 !m he also glorifi$4 i4 ,!re are passages 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* are unique4 ,su* is ! passage 9 ,/4 ,pet]'s epi/le ab\t ,*ri/ prea*+ 9 ,8 disembodi$ human _s to o!r spirits 9 ,hades--a passage vaguely sugge/ive ( wide ?\ghts & hopes1 & lead+ u to suppose #cjc t ! ideas :i* x conta9$ 7 famili> 9 ! apo/olic circle1 b /&+ alone1 ) practically no?+ to elucidate x f outside4 ,& ! passage j read ab\t ! groan+ ( creation 9 travail-pa9s is unique1 n because !re is n a good deal to elucidate x 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,bible1 b because ,/4 ,paul 9 8 treatm5t ( common mat]ial /rikes a note ( sympa?y ) nature f nature's po9t ( view1 :i* is he>d n[h]e else 9 ! ,bible4 ,9 ,g5esis we read t '! gr\nd 0 curs$#a' because ( man's s91 9 ! s5se app>5tly t1 z ! p5alty ( 8 s91 nature 0 to be made a r\gh] home = him1 & he 0 to extract 8 food f x only ) pa9 & sweat4 ,isaiah is p]haps int]pret+ ?is primitive lesson 9 m mod]n tones :5 he cries t '! e>? is pollut$ "u ! inhabitants !re(2 because !y h transgress$ ! laws1 *ang$ ! ord9ance1 brok5 ! ev]-la/+ cov5ant4 ,!re=e ha? ! curse dev\r$ ! e>?1 & !y t dwell !re9 are f\nd guilty3 !re=e ! inhabitants ( ! e>? are burn$1 & few m5 left4 ,! new w9e m\rne?1 ! v9e langui%e?#b4' ,9 ?is s5se c]ta9ly1 if n 9 "s m recondite #cjd s5se also1 ! gr\nd is /rick5 ) a curse z a result ( human s94 ,& !re are p>ts ( ! _w :]e no lesson seems m pat5t4 ,at any rate1 :atev] be ! int]pretation giv5 to x1 x 0 "p ( ! common ,jewi% tea*+ t '?\gh all ?+s 7 made v good1 yet :5 ! fir/ man s9n$ !y 7 corrupt$1 & %all return no m to _! prop] /ate until ! son ( ,ph]ez#c %all come#d4' ,= ! curse 0 n to be = ev]4 ,!re 0 a good "t to come--a new heav51 a new e>?1 :]e9 righte\sness %\ld dwell--',a re/oration ( all ?+s1' & n m]ely ( man#e1 :i* %\ld accompany ! com+ ( ! ,messiah4 ,?is 0 a mo/ popul> idea 9 ,jewi% he>ts4 ',i w trans=m ! heav5 & make x an et]nal bless+ & light4 ,& ,i w trans=m ! e>? & make x a bless+ & cause m9e elect ones to dwell ^u x3 b ! s9n]s & evil-do]s %all n set foot !reon#f4' ,"h !n we h ! common belief :i* ,/4 ,paul inh]its & uses4 ,he lays inde$ v little /ress ^u ! connexion ( ! e>?'s pres5t condition ) human s91 if he #cje ev5 alludes to x4 ,he only says x 0 'subject$ to vanity' by ! decree ( ! ,creator1 & t ) a glori\s prospect4 ,x is ^u ! pres5t aspect ( ! creation & its great prospect t 8 eyes are set4 ,& 8 sup]iority to contempor>y ,jewi% ?\ght is %[n by ! fact t 9 8 vision ( ! future he is ca?olic & cosmic4 ,:at he is contemplat+ is n a _w r5ovat$ 9 ord] t "o *os5 race may be happy & glori\s1 b a r5ovat$ _w = a p]fect$ humanity4 ,& 9 8 repres5tation ( ! pres5t aspects ( nature he /rikes an extraord9>ily mod]n note by exhibit+1 z x 7 un9t5tionally1 a deep & real sympa?y ) nature 9 h] pa9 f h] own po9t ( view4 ,! ,psalms c supply examples ( a real sympa!tic fell[%ip 9 ! happ9ess ( creation--a happ9ess :i* mod]n pessimi/s /rangely ignore4 ,b "h we h1 z n[h]e else 9 ! ,bible--p]haps n[h]e 9 anci5t lit]ature--a man :o feels ) ! pa9 ( creation#g4 ,he notes h[ mu* 'vanity' !re is 9 nature--h[ mu* t is ineffective & disappo9t+1 h[ mu* wa/e & sadness--by reason ( ! omnipres5t law ( corruption1 #cjf dissolution & decay "u :i* %e is laid4 ,he feels ?is z f nature's own he>t4 ,& he has an e> = ! univ]sal cry ( positive pa91 pa9 z ( a woman 9 travail1 :i* is "o at lea/ ( ! mo/ unmi/akeable voices ( nature4 ,b he has got an explanation ( ?is univ]sal pa9 :i* makes x tol]able to him4 ,x is ! pa9 :i* accompanies a bir?4 ,! pa91 z 9 ! case ( ! woman1 is to be ju/ifi$ by ! issue4 ,nature 'eag]ly expects' z well z 'groans'3 & w d\btless 'rememb] no m ! angui%1 = joy' ( t :i* is ! fruit ( h] agony4 ,= !re is a de/9y = ! :ole mat]ial _w :i* includes man4 ,z man is to be p]fect$ & spiritualiz$ 9 body no less ?an 9 m9d2 s ! :ole man1 p]fect$ 9 glory1 is to h 8 place 9 a _w emancipat$ 9 l mann] f failure & pa94 ,p]haps ! mo/ important consid]ation to be d]iv$ f ?is passage is t ,/4 ,paul's ?\ght is equally ali5 to a "o-sid$ spiritualism & a "o-sid$ mat]ialism4 ,a "o-sid$ spiritualism1 su* z is repres5t$ to-day by 7mo/ falsely-call$7 ',*ri/ian ,sci5ce1' ei!r disbelieves 9 ! reality ( matt] altoge!r1 or reg>ds x ) its att5dant qualities ( weakness & pa9 z evil & a ?+ to be ignor$4 ,! religion ( #cjg ! ,inc>nation1 on ! o!r h&1 z repres5t$ by ,/4 ,paul1 recognizes x z ,god's creation & ! temple ( ,8 pres5ce4 ,9 our manhood1 z sci5tific inve/igation assures u1 we c ex]cise no activity ( _s except z p>ts ( a mat]ial _w1 ?r\gh ! s5ses & by ! in/rum5tality ( ! bodily organs4 ,_s & matt] are 9 u s l9k$ toge!r t ! real difficulty to a ?9k+ ,*ri/ian is to conceive at all ( a 'disembodi$' /ate ( ! p]sonal human _s aft] dea? :i* is 9 any s5se a liv+ /ate4 ,b su* a 'disembodi$' /ate--if ! ^w really repres5ts ! tru?--is unnatural & tempor>y4 ,! p]fect$ human _s is to h an embodim5t :i* is to be mat]ial1 z be+ truly a body1 b also spiritual1 because x is to be ! fitt+ organ ( ! p]fect$ _s1 9 no way emb>rass+ or clogg+ its activity by any grossness or corruption4 ,?is is ! ,*ri/ian hope1 def9ite 9 pr9ciple1 if q unaccompani$ by any anticipat$ k ( me?od or details4 ,& ?is de/9y ( ! human body _c be sep>at$ f ! de/9y ( ! mat]ial univ]se z a :ole4 ,matt] z a :ole is to h an un5d+ developm5t l _s1 & a developm5t ) a ju/ify+ purpose ( glory 9 x4 #cjh ,& ,/4 ,paul is equally oppos$ to ! mat]ialism :i* gives to matt] a sub/antive exi/5ce ap>t f _s4 ,metaphysical inquiry assures u t we c h no conception ( a mat]ial object1 or ( matt] 9 g5]al1 except z relat$ to a consci\sness or _s2 or1 9 o!r words1 except z an adjunct to "s sort ( p]sonality4 ,su* metaphysical inquiry did n lie 9 ,/4 ,paul's way4 ,b he is 9 h>mony ) its results :5 he contemplates a glorifi$ nature z /ill relative to glorifi$ p]sonalities4 ,nature is to %>e ! revelation ( ! glory ( ! sons ( ,god4 ,we _c help wond]+1 z we read ^! v]ses1 :e!r ,/4 ,paul _h 9 m9d t occasion :51 be=e ! *os5 witnesses1 ,*ri/ 0 bodily transfigur$ on ! holy m\nt by an anticipation ( ! glory de/9$ = ,8 son%ip2 & ! apo/les felt _! he>ts !reby enc\rag$ to believe m surely 9 ! tea*+ ( ! prophets ab\t ! g5]al glory t 0 to accompany ! f9al manife/ation ( ! ,*ri/#h4 ,:5 ,/4 ,paul talks ( nature 'groan+' & 7/ill m7 'eag]ly expect+1' is x m]ely a poetical p]sonification1 z ,*ryso/om & mo/ #cji comm5tators suppose1 l t ( ! ,psalmi/ :5 he makes '! floods clap _! h&s'8 ,x may be s4 ,george ,crabbe1 9 8 ,delay is ,dang]\s1 draws a s+ul>ly beautiful picture ( a late autumn morn+ z x appe>$ to a deject$ man1 & he ends ! description ) ! l9es3-- ,^! ?+s 7 sad 9 nature1 or !y took ,sadness f him1 ! lik5ess ( 8 look4 ,is ! latt] ! true explanation8 ,is !re no sadness or eag] desire 9 nature indep5d5tly--,i w n say ( _s1 b ( ! human _s8 ,x is sometimes v difficult to believe ?is4 ,& may n ! ,*ri/ian belief ab\t angels make ! fancy legitimate1 t e creat$ ?+ has "s accompany+ intellig5ce--high] or l[]--:i* consci\sly realizes its beauty & its joy1 & also its pa9 & its hope8 ,if ?is be s1 !n !re is n m]ely defici5cy & pa91 b ! consci\sness ( ?is defici5cy & pa91 a real groan+ & a real expectation1 9 ! great fabric ( nature4 ,we may legitimately imag9e ?is2 b we h probably no "r to attribute su* an imp]fectly-bas$ speculation to ,/4 ,paul#i4 #caj ii4 ,x is v int]e/+ to notice ! v>i\s po9ts ( view f :i* ,/4 ,paul contemplates ! great ideas ( 'r$emption1' 'adoption1' 'salvation4' ,*ri/ r$eem$ u by ! %$d+ ( ,8 blood1 & we ent]$ into ! r$eem$ /ate individually & 7 adopt$ z sons :5 we became ,*ri/ians4 ,?is is1 beyond all "q1 ,/4 ,paul's belief4 ,b :5 he contemplates ! outw>d conditions ( ! r$eem$ man1 & f9ds !m q incongru\s ) fre$om & son%ip1 s :olly una%am$ is he to require t ^! outw>d conditions %all be trans=m$1 & body z well z _s %all be r$eem$1 t he speaks z if ! great hope 7 /ill unrealiz$ & we 7 /ill only expect+ to be r$eem$ & adopt$--'wait+ = our adoption1 to wit1 ! r$emption ( our body4' ,he ?us reta9s ! int5sely ,jewi% language ( :at we may call ,*ri/'s own ,apocalypse1 :5 ,he bids ,8 disciples1 z ! ,day ( ! ,"l approa*es1 to 'look up & lift up _! heads3 because _! r$emption drawe? nigh4' ,! uses ( ! words 'sav$' & 'salvation' are /ill m rem>kable4 ,if we are #caa contemplat+ ! f9i%$ "w ( ,*ri/1 we are l$ to say1 ',by grace h we be5 sav$#aj4' ,if we are consid]+ our own individual entrances into ?is great salvation at ! "t ( our believ+ or becom+ ,*ri/ians 9 baptism1 we say1 ',x 0 ^u a basis ( hope t we 7 sav$#aa4' ,if we are consid]+ ! progressive life ( ! believ]1 we say1 ',he is be+ sav$#ab4' ,if we are look+ to ! great & f9al hope1 we say1 ',we %all be sav$4' ',our salvation is ne>] ?an :5 we became believ]s#ac4' ,?is simple set ( facts ab\t ,new ,te/am5t language ?r[s a great light on ! popul> revivali/ "q--',are y sav$8' iii4 ,our ,"l once ask$ "o :o came to ,him to be heal$--',:at wilt ?\ t ,i %\ld d unto !e8' & a v dev\t mod]n writ]#ad builds ^u ?is an argum5t t we ought to le>n cont9ually to pray ) m def9it5ess & detail4 ,probably x is true to say #cab t ! advanc$ ,*ri/ian le>ns to pray m def9itely = spiritual ?+s1 z he gr[s 9 spiritual disc]nm5t & sees m di/9ctly :at ,god's moral w is = himself & o!rs4 ,b !re is no simil> gr[? to be expect$ 9 ! k ( :at outw>d gifts w really help or h9d] u & o!rs4 ,& x is ) 8 eye *iefly on ! outw>d conditions ( ! ,*ri/ian's life t ,/4 ,paul "h says--',we "k n :at we %\ld pray = z we ought'2 & tea*es u t ',! ,_s makes int]cession = ! sa9ts accord+ to ,god4' ,we mu/ be cont5t to recognize1 ev5 :ile we half-ignorantly pray = :at we ?9k we ne$1 t 'all 7outw>d7 ?+s "w toge!r = good to !m t love ,god4' ,/4 ,paul _h le>nt t lesson :5 he himself 'bes\ght ! ,"l ?rice' t 8 great physical tr\ble might be remov$ f him1 & 0 refus$#ae4 ,! ,son ( ,man ,himself pray$ only ',fa!r1 if x be possible1 let ?is cup pass f me1' & le>n$ 9 exp]i5ce t x 0 n possible4 ,^! lessons may suffice to humble any "o :o gr[s ov]-confid5t t he kn[s :at outw>d circum/ances are be/ = himself or 8 fri5ds or ! ,*ur*4 #cac ,we all feel deeply ! imp]fection ( our pray]s3 h[ weak1 h[ ignorant !y are6 ,& ,/4 ,paul consoles u ) ! belief 9 an int]cession--p]fect1 all-kn[+1 div9e--:i* supports & su/a9s &1 we may say1 includes ours4 ,! 'int]cession ( ! ,_s' 9 our behalf1 c>ri$ on1 x is impli$1 '9 ! he>ts' ( ! sa9ts :i* only ,god se>*es1 is m5tion$ n[h]e 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t b "h4 ,b x is n to be sep>at$ f ! int]cession ( ,*ri/ :i* is m5tion$ j bel[#af4 ,*ri/'s int]cession is 'at ! "r h& ( ,god1' b also ,he has by ! ,_s tak5 u up into ,8 own life4 ,he dwells 9 u by ,8 ,_s4 ,by ,8 ,_s we are knit into "o & made ,8 body4 ,d\btless1 !n1 dwell+ ?us by ! ,_s 9 ! body1 ,*ri/ int]c$es = u4 ,?is is ! int]cession ( ! ,_s1 :i* is also ! int]cession ( ,*ri/--an int]cession ga!r+ up into "o1 & su/a9+ & connect+ & p]fect+1 all ! imp]fect pray]s ( all ! sa9ts4 ,?is int]c$+ ,_s is 9 ,himself p]fectly consci\s ( ,god's m9d & purpose1 & ,god is p]fectly consci\s ( ,84 ,he int]c$es 'accord+ to ,god4' ,?is int]cession #cad is b a =m ( ! p]fect div9e life4 ,b 9 ! he>t ( ! ,*ur* ?is desire ( ! ,_s c make itself felt only 9 groan+s = ! div9e manife/ations :i*1 l ! aspirations :i* music sugge/s or expresses1 are too deep to admit ( articulate utt]ance4 ,/4 ,paul1 :5 he speaks ( groan+s :i* _c be put into words1 is p]haps ?9k+ ( ! 'tongues' 9 :i* ! spiritual emotion ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ian *ur*es f\nd expression4 ,& we %\ld ?9k ( "s e>ne/ act ( corporate ,*ri/ian wor%ip :51 "u ! work+s ( ! "o ,_s1 ! /rong desire aft] :at is holie/ & highe/ possesses m51 & b9ds !m toge!r ) a s5se ( long+ = ! div9e manife/ation :i* c\ld n be put into def9ite words4 ,/4 ,paul speaks ( ! groan+ ( suff]+ nature 7v]4 #bb71 & ! groan+ ( ! individual ,*ri/ians 7v]4 #bc71 & also ! groan+ ( ! div9e ,_s 9 ! ,*ur* 7v]4 #bf74 ,no ^w c\ld express m p[]fully ! int5se desire aft] ! manife/ation ( ! div9e k+dom :i*1 9 ,/4 ,paul's m9d1 %\ld lie at ! he>t ( true ,*ri/ian pray]4 ,& ! true pray] ( ! ,_s--! pray] :i* is accord+ to ,god--is describ$ 7v]4 #bg7 #cae z 'on behalf ( sa9ts#ag'--on behalf ( a sep>at$ & consecrat$ body4 ,x foll[s1 t is to say1 ! l9es ( ,*ri/'s own pray]--',i pray n = ! _w1 b = ^? :om ?\ ha/ giv5 me4' ,x is ?r\gh ! sanctifi$ life t ! div9e influ5ces are to spread ov] ! _w3 & by pray+ = ! consecrat$ body we are pray+ t t life may be exhibit$ m & m p]fectly among/ m5 s z to /rike _! consci5ces & move !m to conv]sion2 t ?r\gh our good works :i* !y n[ behold !y may glorify ,god 9 ! day :5 !y !mselves are visit$4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t me?od ( pray+ = ! _w is ?us 9 great "p indirect4 ,b ! direct me?od is also enjo9$4 ,we are also to pray directly '= all m5#ah4' iv4 ,!re is1 ,i ?9k1 no po9t on :i* ,/4 ,paul has be5 m misrepres5t$ ?an on 8 tea*+ ab\t pr$e/9ation4 ,he tea*es pla9ly t x is ,god's purpose to 'h m]cy ^u all'3 t ,he 'wille? t all m5 %\ld be sav$ & come to ! k ( ! #caf tru?#ai4' ,b ,he works t[>ds ?is univ]sal end ?r\gh a me?od ( select$ human in/rum5ts--?r\gh an elect body4 ,su* an elect body _h be5 ! ,jewi% nation--select$1 we _c tell :y1 b v possibly 9 "p because ( its capacity = coh]5ce & t\ghness1 c\pl$ ) a s+ul> aptitude = simple religi\s ideas--qualities :i* 9 !mselves ( c\rse 7 ! gift ( ,god4 ,?is nation might h exp&$1 z 0 int5d$1 into a ca?olic *ur*4 ,b1 z x refus$ to correspond ) its vocation 9 ?is respect1 9 fact ! ca?olic ,*ur* appe>s 9 hi/ory z tak+ its place1 ev5 :ile x 0 develop$ out ( x--an elect body ga!r$ out ( 'e nation & all tribes & peoples & tongues4' ,! election ( ?is ca?olic body to be ! heirs ( salvation & to be> ! "n ( ,god 9 ! _w 01 x w\ld h be5 held1 a self-evid5t fact4 ,/4 ,paul reasons n up to ?is fact b f x4 ,he uses ! admitt$ fact to /r5g!n its individual memb]s "u /ress ( trial4 ,!y mu/ be> e>?ly tr\bles because !y =m ! appo9t$ discipl9e = ! individuals :o =m ! select body4 ,let m5 b love ,god1 & !n all outw>d ?+s #cag :atsoev] "w toge!r = good = !m4 ,! fact t !y love ,god is ! suffici5t evid5ce ( _! election4 ,^? :o love ,god are also ^? :o are 'call$ accord+ to ,8 purpose4' ,b1 we ask1 ,h none receiv$ ! call & reject$ x8 7 none call$1 :o d n love ,god8 is x n true1 t ',_m are call$ & few *os5'8 ,/4 ,paul says n a ^w to ! contr>y4 ,b t is n ! "q he is consid]+4 ,! memb]s ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 devot$ to ,god1 to :om he is writ+ h be5 call$4 ,?is call ( :i* !y h become ! subject is1 ,/4 ,paul assures !m1 no aft]?\ght1 no mom5t>y act ( ,god1 :i* z x came into be+ 9 a mom5t s may pass away4 ,x is n a be+ tak5 up by ,god & !n p]haps dropp$ aga94 ,8 gifts & call+ are )\t rep5tance on ,8 side1 because !y repres5t an et]nal w4 ,9 ! et]nal m9d ,god '=eknew' ?is *os5 body4 ,to '"k' z us$ ( ,god 79 contexts :]e x is impli$ t o!rs are n 'kn[n'7 means to 'take k ( or m>k out = a div9e purpose1 z ,god said ( ! ,jews1 ',y only h ,i kn[n ( all ! families ( ! e>?#bj1' t is1 y\r #cah nation only h ,i s+l$ out or designat$#ba4 ,?is div9e m>k+ out !n 0 an et]nal act4 ,god et]nally m>k$ out c]ta9 p]sons1 ^? presumably :om a c]ta9 prep>atory discipl9e & moral education1 ,jewi% or hea!n1 %\ld h made apt = ,8 purpose1 su* aptitude be+ ( c\rse aga9 ,8 gift4 ,anyway1 = reasons :i* we _c probe1 ,god did et]nally =ekn[ or m>k out be=eh& a body ( m5 to be ,8 ca?olic *ur*4 ,& ^? s m>k$ out 7 9 ! et]nal c\nsels appo9t$ = a high spiritual vocation1 to be made l ! div9e ,son1 :o 0 to be made man1 s t1 ) ,*ri/ z heir & eld] bro!r1 !y toge!r might repres5t 9 ! _w ! div9e ideal = man4 ,& ^u ^? s m>k$ out & =eorda9$1 9 due "t ! div9e call came by ! apo/olic prea*+4 ,&1 at ! fir/ movem5t ( corresponsive fai?1 !y _h be5 acquitt$ ( all _! old s9s & plant$ all at once ^u a new basis 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,& ^? ?us set ^u ! new basis ,god also _h already 9 ,8 div9e c\nsels clo!d ) glory1 _! %>e 9 ! glory ( ! div9e ,son :i* is only wait+ to be fully manife/$4 ,e #cai ,*ri/ian !re=e :o has felt a movem5t ( ,god 9 8 he>t1 "u :i* he has become a ,*ri/ian1 kn[s t he is 9 ,god's keep+4 ,god w n fail him4 ,he :o has begun ! good "w w p]=m x4 ,tr\ble & anxiety )9 or )\t ne$ n al>m him4 ,he has b to keep himself1 joyful & confid5t1 9 ,god's h&s4 ,! movem5t ( ,god ^u him & )9 him1 z x proce$s out ( ! et]nal m9d1 s x passes securely on into ! et]nal issue4 ,no d\bt ,/4 ,paul w\ld say !y might te> !mselves by utt] wilfulness out ( ! div9e h&1 z = ! "t at lea/ ! ,jews _h mo/ly done4 ,b %ort ( t !y are safe4 ,! movem5t ( ,god1 ! protection ( ,god1 ! purpose ( ,god1 is ^u !m & ar\nd !m1 & goes be=e !m prep>+ _! way1 individually & corporately4 ,?is is ! moral use ,/4 ,paul makes ( ! doctr9e ( pr$e/9ation4 ,& x is to d egregi\s viol5ce to 8 g5]al tea*+ to sugge/ t he ent]ta9$ ! idea ( p]sons creat$ ) an opposite pr$e/9ation--to et]nal mis]y4 ,/4 ,paul is deal+ "h only ) :at ,god has already %[n ( ,8 purpose 9 ! actual vocation ( "s4 ,ultimately #cbj he assures u all m5 %>e ! div9e purpose = good#bb4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 he nev] sugge/s t !y may n resi/ x1 or all[s u to say t s f> z conc]ns !mselves !y may n defeat x4 #a iii4 #ag-ai2 v4 #bi4 #b xxiv4 #e-g4 #c i4e4 ,messiah1 son ( ,david1 son ( ,ph]ez 7,ru? iv4 #ah74 #d ,b]e%i? ,rabbah1 xii4 #e4 #e ,isa4 lxv4 #ag1 lxvi4 #bb2 cf4 #b ,pet4 iii4 #ac2 ,rev4 xxi4 #a2 ,acts iii4 #ba4 #f ,book ( ,eno*1 xlv4 #d1 #e4 #g ,/4 ,paul's ^w 'creation' 7v]ses #cj-bb7 is us$ 9 ,/4 ,paul's s5se 9 ,wisd4 xvi4 #cd1 xix4 #f4 #h #b ,pet4 i4 #af-ai4 #i ,cf4 ,la?am1 ,s]vice ( ,angels 7,cambridge1 #ahid74 #aj ,eph4 ii4 #e4 #aa ,rom4 viii4 #bd4 #ab #a ,cor4 xv4 #b2 #b ,cor4 ii4 #ae4 7,! pres5t t5se 9 bo? cases47 #ac ,rom4 v4 #i1 #aj2 xiii4 #aa3 cf4 #a ,tim4 iv4 #af2 #b ,tim4 iv4 #ah4 #ad ,&rew ,murray's ,) ,*ri/ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ,pray] 7,nisbet #ahia71 p4 #ga4 #ae #b ,cor4 xii4 #h3 cf4 ,phil4 i4 #bb1 ',:at ,i %all *oose ,i wot n4' #af ,v]se #cd4 #ag ,n '! sa9ts' 9 ! ,greek4 #ah #a ,tim4 ii4 #a4 #ai ,rom4 xi4 #cb2 #a ,tim4 ii4 #d4 #bj ,amos iii4 #b3 cf4 ,ps4 i4 #f2 ,hos4 xiii4 #e2 ,matt4 vii4 #bc4 #ba ,cf4 ,hort on #a ,pet4 pp4 #ai1 #hj4 #bb ,see especially ,rom4 xi4 #bi-cc4 #cba ,,division ,,iii4 #aj4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 #ca-ci4 ,*ri/ian assurance4 ,/4 ,paul has br\ght 8 great argum5t to an end4 ,& be=e he passes to its manifold application 9 ! lat] p>ts ( 8 epi/le1 he applies x 9 words :i* spr+ gl[+ f a he>t on fire ) ! gospel he loves1 to reassure di%e>t5$ & n]v\s ,*ri/ians4 ,x 0 a natural feature ( ! apo/olic age t ! disciples %\ld lose _! fir/ c\rage & become afraid1 :5 ! h>d exp]i5ce !y 7 to expect became pla9 to !m4 ,! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews is writt5 full 9 face ( ?is failure ( c\rage among ,jewi% ,*ri/ians4 ,= ! ,g5tiles :om ,/4 ,paul has m p>ticul>ly 9 view !re 7 manifold causes ( al>m--fe>s d]iv$ f _! own weakness1 f spiritual unc]ta9ty1 & f _! prec>i\s position4 ,x 0 n only t outw>d calamity--fam9e & pe/il5ce--might #cbb come on !m l o!r p4 ,!y pla9ly felt--,/4 ,paul pla9ly felt1 z he ?\ght ( ! bitt] ho/ility ( ! ,jews actually ready to break out ^u ! ,*ur*1 & ( ! jeal\sy ( ! ,empire1 n yet ho/ile b easily capable ( becom+ s--t times ( p]secution 7 at h&3 t ! ,*ri/ians 7 truly 9 ! _w z 'lambs 9 ! mid/ ( wolves4' ,!re=e he w\ld h !m realize ! :ole secret ( t inv9cible /r5g?1 t p[] to endure & triumph1 :i* ought to be !irs4 ,:at is to be our practical conclusion1 he asks1 f all ?is !ology1 f all ?is consid]ation ( reveal$ facts & tru?s8 ,! sum ( x all is t ,god is n our taskma/] & critical judge4 ,he is altoge!r on our side4 ,& if ?is be s1 ^: ho/ility c by comp>ison come into consid]ation at all8 ,god %[$ ,8 m9d t[>d u by ! greate/ possible act ( self-sacrifice1 ! giv+ up ( ,8 own div9e ,son to die = u4 ,&1 pla9ly1 if ( ,8 free love ,he gave u ,8 greate/ gift1 ,he w n fail to accompany x ) ev]y?+ t love c sugge/4 ,or1 to put ! matt] 9 ano!r way1 if ,god1 9 full k ( :at we 7 ?\ght prop] to take u = ,8 *os5 #cbc p & to put u 9 a position ( acceptance ) ,him1 :o c ) any hope ( success br+ a *>ge aga9/ u or pass condemnation on u8 ,= we "k ! m9d ( ! only judge4 ,or1 once aga91 :at c be s reassur+ z to consid] ! p]son ( our advocate or m$iator8 ,x is ,*ri/ ,jesus1 ,god's own ,son 9 our nature1 :o di$ a sacrifice = our s9s1 b s f> f be+ conqu]$ by dea?1 0 rais$ f among ! dead1 & exalt$ to ! "r h& ( ,god1 & !re is occupi$ 9 pres5t+ ,himself be=e ! ,fa!r 9 int]cession = u--cov]+ all our approa* to ,god ) ,8 acceptabl5ess4 ,out ( ! protect+ p[] ( ?is love ( ,*ri/1 !n1 :o %all te> u8 ,x is q true t tr\bles may beat ^u u--outw>d affliction1 or inw>d tr\ble1 or p]secution1 or fam9e1 or nak$ness1 or dang]1 or sword4 ,we may f9d t only ! words ( ! ,psalmi/#a suit our case1 ',= ?y sake are we be+ put to dea? ! :ole day3 ! e/imate =m$ ( u is t ( %eep meant = slaught]4' ,b 9 all ^! cont+5cies ! love ( ,*ri/ c supply u ) a m ?an victori\s p[]4 ,= ?is is ,/4 ,paul's conviction1 t no conceivable p[] #cbd ( life or ( dea?1 or ( ! angelic hi]>*y1 no?+ 9 pres5t circum/ances or future de/9y1 no possible =ce1 nei!r ! highe/ height ( heav5s or ! deepe/ dep? ( hell1 no possible creation ( ,god o!r ?an :at we n[ "k to exi/1 %all be able to te> u f t :i* holds u 9 a grasp /rong] ?an ! /ronge/--! love ( ,god :i* is 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 :o is our ,"l4 ,:at !n %all we say to ^! ?+s8 ,if ,god is = u1 :o is aga9/ u8 ,he t sp>$ n 8 own ,son1 b deliv]$ him up = u all1 h[ %all he n also ) him freely give u all ?+s8 ,:o %all lay any?+ to ! *>ge ( ,god's elect8 ,x is ,god t ju/ifie?2 :o is he t %all condemn8 ,x is ,*ri/ ,jesus t di$1 yea r1 t 0 rais$ f ! dead1 :o is at ! "r h& ( ,god1 :o also make? int]cession = u4 ,:o %all sep>ate u f ! love ( ,*ri/8 %all tribulation1 or angui%1 or p]secution1 or fam9e1 or nak$ness1 or p]il1 or sword8 ,ev5 z x is writt51 ,= ?y sake we are kill$ all ! day long2 ,we 7 acc\nt$ z %eep = ! slaught]4 ,nay1 9 all ^! ?+s we are m ?an conqu]ors ?r\gh him t lov$ u4 ,= ,i am p]suad$1 t nei!r dea?1 nor life1 nor angels1 nor pr9cipalities1 nor ?+s pres5t1 nor ?+s to come1 nor p[]s1 nor height1 nor dep?1 nor any o!r creature1 %all be able to sep>ate u f ! love ( ,god1 :i* is 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus our ,"l4 ,!re is n mu* t ne$s comm5t 9 ^! v]ses4 ,we may notice ! contra/ #cbe betwe5 ! tone ( ! ,psalmi/ quot$ by ,/4 ,paul--weigh$ d[n1 l _m a s]vant ( ! old] cov5ant1 ) ! un9telligible exp]i5ce ( ! p]secution ( ,god's fai?ful p--& ! exultant fai? ( ,/4 ,paul :i* f9ds no difficulty 9 ! exp]i5ce at all4 ,aga91 we d well to obs]ve t among ! =ces enum]at$ by ,/4 ,paul :i* _c te> u out ( ! h& ( ,god1 he does n include our own wills1 & we c\ld n ev5 conceive him s includ+ !m4 ,once aga91 we take note h[ '! love ( ,*ri/' 7v]4 #ce7 is resolv$ 7v]4 #ci7 into ! 'love ( ,god 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4' ,*ri/'s love is ,god's love1 z ,*ri/ is truly prop] & ess5tial to ! be+ ( ,god1 ,8 own v ,son4 ,^! words1 ,i say1 ne$ v little comm5t1 b !y ?rill our s\ls z h>dly any o!r words ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,!y are ! real summ>y ( ?is epi/le1 & %[ u h[ ! glori\s apo/le ( ,*ri/ian lib]ty w\ld h u view our life4 ,we are n to build ! edifice ( a life :i* at ! top is to be )9 sight ( ,god4 ,we are to />t f ,god :o f et]nity & all along has be5 be=eh& ) u3 9 ,8 ext]nal p]sonal love pr$e/9at+1 creat+1 call+1 p>don+1 hold+1 & keep+ u #cbf 9 cont9ual gr[? = et]nal glory4 ,& ! "o p[] ( religion is !re=e fai?1 t faculty by :i* we look cont9ually out ( ourselves1 & />t+ f ,god1 committ+ ourselves :olly to ,god1 raise ! fabric ( life1 9 ! community ( a true human bro!rhood1 ^u ! secure basis ( ! love ( ,him :o creat$ u1 & w satisfy utt]ly ! be+ :i* ,he has giv5 u4 ,?is is ! summ>y lesson ( ! great epi/le4 #a ,ps4 xliv4 #bb4 ,,end ,,( ,,vol4 ,i ,a ,s]ies ( ,simple ,expositions ( ,portions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ,,by ,,! ,,"r ,,rev4 ,,*>les ,,gore1 ,d4,d41 ,,"l ,,bi%op ,,( ,,worce/]4 ,cr[n #hvo1 ,gre5 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ea* volume4 ,,! ,,s]mon ,,on ,,! ,,m\nt4 ,,! ,,epi/le ,,to ,,! ,,ephesians4 ,,! ,,epi/le ,,to ,,! ,,romans4 ,vol4 ,i4 cap4 i-viii4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 cap4 ix-xvi1 ) ,app5dices4 ,,o!r ,,works ,,by ,,! ,,"r ,,rev4 ,,*>les ,,gore1 ,d4,d4 ,,"l ,,bi%op ,,( ,,worce/]4 ,cr[n #hvo #bs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,mission ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*4 ,f\r ,lectures deliv]$ 9 ! ,ca!dral ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,asaph4 ,,cont5ts3--,i4 ,! ,mission ( ! ,*ur*4--,,ii4 ,unity )9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4--,,iii4 ,! ,relation ( ! ,*ur* to ,indep5d5t & ,ho/ile ,op9ion4--,,iv4 ,! ,mission ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,society4--,app5d$ ,notes4 ',x is a tw(old "w--to sanctify :at c be hall[$1 to pass judgem5t on t :i* mu/ be condemn$4 ,f ?is po9t ( view ! int]e/ ( ,mr4 ,gore's new book is great4'--,*ur* ,qu>t]ly4 #hvo1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,bampton ,,lectures1 #ahia2 ,! ,inc>nation ( ! ,son ( ,god4 #hvo1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,diss]tations ,,on ,,subjects ,,connect$ ,,) ,,! ,,inc>nation4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #es4 net4 ,,essays ,,on ,,*ur* ,,re=m4 ,elev5 ,essays on ! ,pres5t & ,future ,position ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,by ! ,"r ,rev4 ,,*>les ,,gore1 ,d4,d42 & o!r em95t ,briti%1 ,colonial1 & ,am]ican writ]s4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #fs4 ,,lux ,,mundi4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,/udies 9 ! ,religion ( ! ,inc>nation4 ,by ,v>i\s ,writ]s4 ,edit$ by ! ,"r ,rev4 ,,*>les ,,gore1 ,d4,d4 ,,london3 ,,john ,,murray1 ,,albem>le ,,/reet1 ,w4