,note3 ,images ( ! orig9al pages are    
available ?r\gh       ,int]net          
,ar*ive_/,am]ican ,libr>ies4 ,see       
http3_/_/www4ar*ive4org_/details_/somew>
timelesso#jjkeppri*      ,,"s ,,w>-,,"t 
,,lessons         99       99       99  
99       99  ,,columbia ,,univ]sity     
,,press ,,sales ,,ag5ts  ,,new ,,york   
,,lemcke  ,,bue*n] #cj-cb ,,ea/ #bj,,?  
,,/reet  ,,london ,,humphrey ,,mil=d    
,,am5 ,,corn]1 ,e4,c4  ,,%anghai ,,edw>d
 ,,evans  ,,sons1 ,,ltd4 #cj ,,nor?     
,,sze*u5 ,,road         99       99     
99       99       99   ,,"s ,,w>-,,"t   
,,lessons  ,! ,soldi]'s ,/&>ds (        
,conduct ,! ,w> ,z a ,practical ,te/ (  
,am]ican ,s*ol>%ip ,:at ,h ,we ,le>n$8  
by  ,,fr$]ick ,,paul ,,keppel  ,?ird    
,assi/ant ,secret>y ( ,w>               
,illu/ration  ,new ,york ,columbia      
,univ]sity ,press #aibj  ,all rights    
res]v$  ,copyright1 #aibj ,by ,columbia 
,univ]sity ,press  ,pr9t$ f type1       
,janu>y1 #aibj  ,pr9t$ at               
,!,plimpton,press ,norwood,mass,u,s,a   

,,to  ,,newton ,d4 ,,bak]     ,,cont5ts 
,,page     ,i4 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,soldi]   
,,& ,,8 ,,/&>ds       ,,( ,,conduct     
#i    ,,ii4 ,,! ,,w> ,,z ,a ,,practical 
,,te/ ,,( ,,am]ican       ,,s*ol>%ip    
#cf   ,,iii4 ,,:at ,,h ,,we ,,le>n$8    
#ff     ,,"s ,,w>-,,"t ,,lessons  ,,!   
,,am]ican ,,soldi] ,,& ,,8 ,,/&>ds ,,(  
,,conduct#a   ,p]haps ! greate/         
laboratory exp]im5t 9 human conduct 9 ! 
hi/ory ( ! _w has be5 ! developm5t ( our
 ,army dur+ ! pa/ two ye>s4 ,"u !       
provisions ( ! ,selective ,s]vice ,law1 
?is ,army has repres5t$ a cross section 
( ,am]ican male humanity--ev5 m         
repres5tative inde$ ?an 0 int5d$2 = 9 ! 
ef=ts ( ! ,local ,bo>ds to s5d m5 :o    
c\ld be/ be sp>$1 _m f\nd _! way into ! 
ranks :o 7 h&icapp$ f ! />t by l[       
m5tality or disease4 ,:at 7 ! guid+ =ces
 :i* op]at$ ^u ?is body ( ne>ly f\r     
million m58  ,9 ! fir/ place1 our c\ntry
 ent]$ ! w> ) a great moral purpose1    
unt+$ by any trace ( national or        
individual selfi%ness4 ,we really h to g

 back to ! ,crusades to f9d ! l4 ,&1 z  
!n1 ea* man supplem5t$ ?is great basal  
impulse ) :atev] 0 to him ! /ronge/     
inc5tive--religion1 patriotism1 pride ( 
family or /ate or regim5t1 ! desire to  
excel 9 :at all 7 attempt+4  ,9 ! second
 place1 ?anks prim>ily to ! vision &    
det]m9ation ( "o man1 ! individual      
appeal to ea* soldi] z to 8 p]sonal %>e 
9 ! great ent]prise 0 ^u ! highe/ plane4
 ,we 7 =tunate 9 hav+ at ! head ( ! ,w> 
,dep>tm5t a man peculi>ly s5sitive to   
community problems & ) no small exp]i5ce
 9 _! solution4 ,?r\gh ! c5turies m5 _h 
come to ! belief t if _! soldi]s 7 only 
valiant & discipl9$ 9 arms1 x w\ld n d  
to inquire too curi\sly into _! p]sonal 
/&>ds ( conduct 9 o!r matt]s--t a       
consid]able wa/age 9 milit>y /r5g? f    
drunk5ness & disease 0 inevitable4 ,& z 
we all "k1 ?is wa/age has 9 ! pa/ sapp$1
 n only ! /r5g? ( ! ,army1 b aft]w>ds ! 
v life ( ! nation to :i* ! soldi] mu/   
soon] or lat] return4  ,! ,secret>y (   
,w> & 8 lieut5ants1 *ief among :om 9 ?is

 field %\ld be plac$ ! ,*airman ( !     
,committee on ,tra9+ ,camp ,activities1 
,raymond ,b4 ,fosdick1 approa*$ ?is     
problem nei!r 9 ! fatali/ic _s t :at has
 always be5 mu/ cont9ue to be1 nor 9 a  
_s ( :at1 = want ( a bett] t]m1 ,i may  
call doctr9aire idealism4 ,!y fac$ !    
fact t among ! hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( "y m5  
:o 7 to be call$ to ! colors1 !re w\ld  
be _m ^: e>s w\ld be deaf to any ab/ract
 appeal1 & _m o!rs to :om su* an appeal 
might be made "u normal conditions1 b :o
 9 fatigue or ! let-d[n foll[+ ! /ra9 ( 
conflict1 c\ld n be dep5d$ ^u to /& 9 ! 
h\r ( temptation4 ,z a result ! :ole    
field ( prev5tive measures 0 ?or\ghly   
/udi$ & vigor\s treatm5t 0 appli$4 ,!   
,army regulations z to prophylaxis & !  
introduction ( intoxicants into camps 7 
/rictly & hone/ly en=c$4 ,! ,army saw to
 x t /ate & local laws z to liquor &    
pro/itution 7 prop]ly c>ri$ out1 & if ^!
 7 lack+1 !y 7 promptly enact$4 ,!      
s-call$ ,zone ,law 0 adopt$ = ! purpose 
( plac+ ! imm$iate vic9ity ( camps "u   

,f$]al control4 ,9 "s cases :]e !       
community %[$ signs ( reg>d+ ! ,army    
policy 9 ?is reg>d z a beau ge/e & no?+ 
m1 x 0 made to realize t :ile ! ,w>     
,dep>tm5t c\ld n compel ! community to  
m5d its ways1 x c\ld & w\ld move ! camp 
9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs to a m :olesome        
environm5t4 ,i am pr\d to say t x 0     
necess>y 9 only a v few in/ances to br+ 
=w>d ?is aspect ( ! situation1 b :5 x 0 
necess>y ! ,dep>tm5t spoke 9 no unc]ta9 
tone4  ,z a result ( ?is g5]al policy1 9
 :i* ! ,navy %>$1 _m a wide-op5 t[n     
receiv$ a ?or\gh h\se clean+ = ! fir/ "t
 9 its c>e]2 9 all betwe5 #abj & #adj r$
 light di/ricts 7 clos$ & kept clos$2 & 
! und]ly+ sordidness ( _m a smug        
self-satisfi$ village 0 br\ght to light 
& rem$i$4  ,! m5 :o came to ! camps     
ta9t$ ) v5]eal disease or brok5 by dr9k 
or morph9e--& ! numb] ( ^! 0 great en\gh
 to %ock our national complac5cy 7&     
incid5tally to explode ! national       
assumption t ! c\ntry is prim>ily !     
abode ( virtue z ! city is ( vice7--^!  

m5 7 salvag$ by ! t5s ( ?\s&s & turn$   
into useful self-respect+ soldi]s &     
citiz5s4  ,! lesson ( clean liv+ 0      
taught by ! spok5 ^w1 by ! mov+ picture1
 by ! pr9t$ page1 by ! doctor ) a       
sci5tific ?or\ghness & by ! layman ) a  
frankness & sometimes a colloquialism   
:i* w\ld = once h r5d]$ ,mrs4 ,grundy   
spee*less4 ,z an in/rum5t ( virtue1 !   
tract is1 ( c\rse1 ( "t-honor$ usage1 b 
! "n ( ,george ,ade 9 ! li/ ( tract     
writ]s is a new & significant "o4  ,m   
important ?an all ?is1 h[ev]1 9 my      
judgm5t1 0 ! realization by ! ,army ( ! 
great tru? t ! soldi]--or any "o else = 
t matt]--goes a/ray 9 only ! r>e/       
in/ances f innate depravity4 ,:at he    
seeks prim>ily is relaxation & amusem5t4
 ,& s :olesome relaxation & amusem5t 7  
plac$ at 8 disposal to take ! place ( ! 
un:olesome4 ,! :ole nation rose to help 
9 ?is "w ( sub/itut+ ! clean = !        
unclean4 ,x p\r$ its money by ! hundr$s 
( millions into ! c(f]s ( ! great welf>e
 societies1 ! ,r$ ,cross1 ,! ,"y ,m5's  

,*ri/ian ,association1 ,knights (       
,columbus1 ,jewi% ,welf>e ,bo>d1 & lat] 
9 recognition ( its "w abroad1 !        
,salvation ,army4 ,all ( ^! vi$ ) "o    
ano!r 9 a rivalry :i* 0 sometimes       
emb>rass+ 9 its int5sity4 ,! ,am]ican   
,libr>y ,association suppli$ books & o!r
 read+ matt]1 & ! ,w> ,camp ,community  
,s]vice made sure t1 to ! t[ns &        
villages surr\nd+ x1 a cantonm5t pres5t$
 an opportunity = s]vice r ?an =        
exploitation4 ,n ! lea/ important factor
 9 ! sup]b %[+ :i* our troops made 9    
,france 0 ! _s ) :i* ! m5 & wom5 ( ^!   
same t[ns inspir$ ! m5 f ! tra9+ camps  
:om !y took into _! homes & _! he>ts4   
,)9 ! fabric ( ! ,army ! *apla9s 7 do+  
_! %>e1 z 7 ! a?letic lead]s & song     
lead]s & dramatic coa*es4 ,!y 7 second$ 
by ! (fic]s ( ! l9e1 mo/ ( :om1 x %\ld  
be said1 saw ! milit>y usefulness ( !   
:ole program f ! fir/1 _m ( ! exp]i5c$  
regul>s hav+ always done :at !y c\ld ) !
 limit$ means at _! comm& along ! same  
l9es4 ,o!r (fic]s1 h[ev]1 _h to be      

%[n--& 7 %[n--! milit>y importance ( !  
tru? t ! m]ry he>t goes all ! day1 & !  
sad "o tires 9 a mile4  ,! "w ( plann+ &
 cord9ation 0 9 ! h&s ( ! civilian      
,commission on ,tra9+ ,camp ,activities1
 ( :i* ,mr4 ,fosdick has be5 f ! fir/ ! 
,*airman4 ,! "w ( ?is ,commission has   
be5 *>act]iz$ f ! outset by a c\rage &  
res\rcefulness = :i* no praise c be too 
high4 ,! !atre = example has n always   
be5 look$ ^u by ! ,am]ican p z a moral  
ag5cy1 b ! ,commission saw its place 9 !
 s*eme ( ?+s & no few] ?an ?irty-sev5   
great playh\ses h be5 erect$ at ! camps 
& ! audi5ces h run lit]ally into !      
millions4 ,box+ likewise 0 enc\rag$1 ev5
 ?\gh "s ( ! conte/s :i* result$ 7 n ( !
 mo/ g5tle4 ,cantonm5t t[ns 7 p]suad$ to
 op5 ! ,movies on ,sunday1 ! only day on
 :i* mo/ soldi]s c\ld leave ! ,camp--!  
outcries ( ! unco guid to ! contr>y     
not)/&+4  ,= m ?an a ye> ! ,commission &
 ! welf>e organizations 7 ! only        
organiz$ =ces 9 ?is g5]al field1 b s9ce 
la/ summ] _! "w has be5 supplem5t$ by ! 

e/abli%m5t )9 ! ,army itself ( a ,morale
 ,bran* ( ! ,g5]al ,/aff1 9 ! =mation ( 
:i* ! ,dep>tm5t 0 n too pr\d to take a  
leaf--p]haps "o %\ld say a ,blatt--f !  
,g]mans1 :o _h already develop$ ?is type
 ( organization to a high degree1 "u !  
direct sup]vision ( ,g5]al ,lud5dorff4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,i h spok5 ( ! "w ( prev5tion1 ( ! m    
important "w ( sub/itution1 & ,i n[ come
 to ! mo/ important ( all--! _s (       
confid5ce :i* ext5d$ f top to bottom ( !
 huge organization t ! great mass ( our 
m5 w\ld g /raight = ! sake ( go+        
/raight4 ,we all in/9ctively c\ple ! two
 words1 (fic] & g5tleman4 ,9 ! great    
,army :i* is n[ be+ disb&$1 its "w hav+ 
be5 s glori\sly done1 we f9d a new &    
enl>g$ conception1 t ( ! soldi] &       
g5tleman4 ,x 01 ,i am c]ta91 ! prelim9>y
 assumption t an ,am]ican soldi] 0 also 
an ,am]ican g5tleman 9 all ! fundam5tals
 ( t mu*-abus$ t]m1 :i* 0 ! great factor
 9 keep+ d[n ! numb] ( ^? :o prov$ !    
contr>y to s negligibly small a total4  

,a few figures f ! (ficial records w %[ 
:at ! result ( ?is all has be54 ,9      
#aiji1 = in/ance1 !re 7 9 ! ,army1 9    
r\nd numb]s1 #eejj c\rt-m>tial          
convictions ( enli/$ m51 out ( a total (
 #ge1jjj4 ,= ! fifte5 mon?s end+ ,july  
#a1 #aiah1 !re 7 #aa1ejj convictions out
 ( a total ( #b1bjj1jjj enli/$ m51 !    
p]c5tage 9 ! twelve mon?s ( peace be+   
#g4c & 9 ! fifte5 mon?s ( w>1 4#ec1 ab\t
 "o-f\rte5? z great4 ,! significance (  
^! lat] figures _c be appreciat$ )\t "s 
k ( ! und]ly+ circum/ances4 ,"o case ,i 
rememb] 0 t ( a man :o got drunk1 sp5t 8
 money & t ( "s fell[ soldi]s1 & /ay$   
abs5t )\t leave to e>n money en\gh to   
repay 8 fell[ soldi]s & !n return$ to   
camp to take 8 m$ic9e4 ,:at on ! surface
 appe>s to be ! c[>dly crime ( des]tion 
01 9 sev]al in/ances ( :i* ,i h p]sonal 
k1 a misguid$ ef=t to get to ! front1   
?r\gh enli/m5t "u ano!r "n 9 "s bran* ( 
! s]vice :i* seem$ to h an e>li]        
prospect ( gett+ ov]4 ,9 ,france !re 7  
_m cases ( des]tion1 b ne>ly all 7 f !  

re> to ! front4 ,! progressive success (
 ! policy ( keep+ ! soldi] f /rong dr9k1
 by ! way1 /&s out 9 ! figures1 :i* %[ t
 e>ly 9 ! w> "o out ( e twelve (f5ses   
*>g$ includ$ drunk5ness1 b t ?is        
proportion dropp$ until ! f9al figures 7
 less ?an "o 9 ea* ?irty (f5ses1 ?is    
includ+ soldi]s 9 ,france1 :]e ! soldi] 
_h to /& on 8 own feet unprotect$ by    
prohibition laws4  ,! welf>e program 01 
f ! nature ( ! case1 mo/ effective among
 ! m5 ( ! ,national ,army1 :]e x 0      
possible to take ! soldi]s 9 h& f !     
fir/4 ,if we analyze ! c\rt-m>tial      
records1 we f9d t ! proportion (        
c\rt-m>tials 0 di/9ctly l[e/ 9 ?is gr\p4
 ,! records z ( ,june #cj1 #aiah1 %[ t !
 numb] ( c\rt-m>tials among ! ,regul>   
,army 0 a little less ?an "o p] c5t1 to 
be accurate #h_/aj ( "o p] c5t2 9 !     
,national ,gu>d ! proportion 0 ab\t     
#i_/aj ( "o p] c5t2 & 9 ! ,national     
,army x 0 less ?an #b_/aj ( "o p] c5t1 !
 exact figure be+ 4#adc p] c5t1         
"o-fiftie? ( ! p]c5tage t5 ye>s ago4    

,ano!r *eck on ! effici5cy ( ! program  
is f\nd 9 ! records z to v5]eal disease 
9 ! ,surgeon ,g5]al's ,(fice4 ,x is h>d 
to get comp>ative figures because (     
con/antly *ang+ conditions1 b x has be5 
%[n beyond all d\bt t ! heal? conditions
 9 ! ,army h be5 f>1 f> bett] ?an 9 !   
community at l>ge4 ,:ile ! latt] are n s
 bad z ! al>mi/s h impli$1 !y are s]i\s 
en\gh 9 all consci5ce1 :5 9 no few] ?an 
sev5te5 ( ! /ates1 sixty or m ( e ?\s&  
m5 :o appe>$ at ! mobilization camps 7  
f\nd to be infect$4 ,tak+ a typical mon?
 be=e ! sign+ ( ! armi/ice1 we f9d t !  
proportion ( cases com+ to ! camps f !  
civil community 0 fifte5 times z great z
 ! proportion among our soldi]s 9       
,france1 ev5 includ+ ! soldi]s 9 ! port 
t[ns1 :]e mo/ ( our difficulties !re 7  
f\nd4 ,! comp>ison ) ! records ( !      
cantonm5ts 9 ?is c\ntry is ev5 m /rik+4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,z to ! purely religi\s appeal & its    
influ5ce on ! m5 x is h>d to speak ) any
 degree ( c]ta9ty4 ,a visit+ ,briti%    

g5]al 9 ,wa%+ton1 %ortly aft] our entry 
into ! w>1 0 ask$ z to conditions 9     
,engl&1 & is report$ to h repli$1 ,^u my
 s\l1 if y ask me1 ,i %\ld say t ) u !  
de> old ,*ur* has r miss$ ! bus4 ,9 ?is 
c\ntry ! organiz$ religi\s =ces h by no 
means miss$ ! bus1 b if we are hone/ )  
ourselves we mu/ face ! fact t s9ce !   
la/ great national te/1 ! ,civil ,w>1   
o!r appeals to high] /&>ds ( conduct h  
bo? actually & relatively be5 trem5d\sly
 /r5g!n$1 & our religi\s lead]s mu/     
address !mselves1 9 ! light ( exp]i5ce  
dur+ ^! pa/ two ye>s1 to a cle>] und]/&+
 ( ^! o!r =ces & to a clos] cop]ation ) 
!m4 ,we _c to-day close our eyes to !   
tru? t _m ( our f9e/ m5 play$ _! spl5did
 p>ts q unt\*$ by a religi\s motive or  
appeal--or at lea/ doctr9al appeal2 "o  
hesitates to call _! attitude a         
non-religi\s "o4 ,x mu/ always be       
rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t _! /&>ds1 no matt] h[
 unconsci\s !y may h be5 ( ! fact1 7    
fundam5tally bas$ ^u ! developm5t ( a   
,*ri/ian civilization4  ,if ?us f> ,i   

may h seem$ to measure soldi] conduct by
 two /&>ds only1 by 8 relation to dr9k &
 to wom51 x is because ! results ( !    
policy ( ! ,army 9 ^! two matt]s are    
measurable1 ! records are out/&+4 ,!    
,army & its exp]i5ce h[ev] w\ld furni% b
 a poor guide to ! ,*ur*es & ! o!r      
civilian =ces = righte\sness if its     
lessons 7 limit$ to ! negative virtues1 
important z !y are1 ( sobriety &        
cont95ce4  ,! real contribution1 :at we 
h le>n$ z to ! positive virtues1 is h>d]
 to describe & impossible to measure1 b 
! lessons are wor? look+ = & may be     
le>n$ f ! lett]s & f ! lips ( our m54   
,p]haps ,i c be/ indicate :at ! m5      
!mselves reg>d z vital by tell+ !       
exp]i5ce ( a fri5d :o />t$ "o ( !       
cu/om>y practical talks be=e an audi5ce 
( our m5 beh9d ! l9es 9 ,france4 ,8     
homily didn't seem to be gett+ across & 
he 0 inspir$ to asc]ta9 j :at to _! m9ds
 7 ! mo/ s]i\s (f5ses4 ,he ask$ ea* man 
to write d[n :at he reg>d$ z ! ?ree v   
wor/ faults aga9/ :i* a soldi] %\ld be  

on 8 gu>d4 ,:5 ! answ]s 7 collect$1 "o  
^w appe>$ on practically e slip ( pap]1 
c[>dice2 ! second 0 n s ne>ly unanim\s1 
b appe>s on a /rong majority ( ! pap]s1 
selfi%ness2 & ! ?ird 0 evid5tly         
conceit$ness1 ?\gh ! defect 0 word$ 9   
diff]5t ways1 z big head1 cru/1 & ! l4  
,9 o!r words1 ! virtues :i* ! soldi] mo/
 admires & reg>d+ :i* he _h evid5tly    
le>n$ ! mo/ valuable lessons1 are       
c\rage1 unselfi%ness or cop]ativ5ess1 & 
mode/y4  ,! record ( our soldi]s has    
prov$ beyond a d\bt t once y get m5 into
 gr\ps ) a common & a wor?-:ile purpose1
 c\rage--bo? ! reckless c\rage t comes  
by in/9ct & t high] type1 ! c\rage ( !  
man :o recognizes 8 dang]--c no long] be
 assum$ to be a r>e virtue4 ,x is a v   
common virtue4 ,c[>dice is inf9itely    
r>]4 ,! citations & ! casualty records1 
= in/ance1 h completely rehabilitat$ !  
,jew z a fight+ man1 & ! fai?ful ne$ no 
long] g back to ,josephus = _! w>       
leg5ds4  ,n all ! c\rage & =titude 0 %[n
 on ! field ( battle4 ,we mu/ n =get t  

la/ fall we suff]$ f by f> ! mo/ s]i\s  
epidemic 9 ! hi/ory ( ,am]ica1 &1 9 !   
d>k days 9 our tra9+ camps1             
opportunities 7 (f]$1 & gladly accept$1 
= a display ( h]oism & devotion ( !     
highe/ type4  ,9 ! realm ( =titude1 if n
 ( physical c\rage1 ! w> c]ta9ly tapp$  
new s\rces ( det]m9ation & provid$ a k9d
 ( /imulus :i* w\ld keep a man to :om no
 p]sonal glory or conspicu\sness c\ld   
possibly come1 "s poor devil s5t5c$ to a
 swivel *air1 labor+ 9 t same *air day &
 night = ! purpose ( mak+ "s s+le       
improvem5t 9 nut or bolt1 or p]haps fil+
 c>d4 ,giv5 ! impetus ( a great common  
purpose1 our possibilities = indu/ry are
 limitless4  ,"o ?+ t mank9d %\ld h     
le>n$ long s9ce is t1 broadly speak+1   
selfi%ness z a guid+ motive is          
ess5tially negative--! abs5ce ( some?+  
bett]--! man is a r>e exception :o does 
n lose himself & 8 self-int]e/ 9 !      
conception or ! ambition ( ! gr\p1 !    
squad or battalion or regim5t1 !        
division1 ! army or ! nation4 ,an       

int]e/+ side-light ^u ?is is ! fact t   
two-?irds ( ! m5 :o get into tr\ble 9 ! 
,army1 or at any rate :o get into       
suffici5tly s]i\s tr\ble to l& !m 9 ,=t 
,leav5wor?1 are m>k$ly ( ! ego-c5tric   
type2 9 o!r words1 are m5 = :om ! gr\p  
_c ov]come ! individual bias4  ,t our   
soldi]s z a :ole possess ! virtue (     
mode/y1 ?\gh x is (t5 ov]laid by a v5e] 
( innoc5t swagg]1 is beyond dispute1 z  
any "o :o has _h to d ) !m c te/ify4 ,& 
und]ly+ & inspir+ _! :ole conduct h be5 
! qualities ( :ole-s\l$ness &           
det]m9ation & an indomitable *e]fulness4
         99       99       99       99  
99  ,we mu/ le>n ! lessons :i* ! soldi]s
 h to tea* u 9 ! l>ge j z we mu/ grasp  
_! accompli%m5ts 9 ! l>ge4 ,!re is a    
morn+ aft] = nations z well z =         
individuals1 & we seem j n[ to be 9     
dang] ( los+ our conception ( !         
greatness ( ! ent]prise1 & its ess5tial 
s\ndness1 ?r\gh ! intrusion ( !         
in/ances1 relatively v few1 :]e ?+s did 
n g "r2 :]e human nature did n rea* !   

heights1 or hav+ rea*$ !m1 fail$ to     
rema9 ^u !m4  ,x has1 ,i ?9k1 be5       
def9itely prov$ t ! mix+ up ( ! s-call$ 
welf>e "w ) ! special function ( !      
cl]gym5 or o!r religi\s advis]1 9 ord] t
 ! latt] may be made m palatable to !   
soldi]1 has an effect exactly ! rev]se (
 :at 0 int5d$4 ,! policy ( int]polat+ a 
pray] meet+1 or a he>t-to-he>t talk1    
betwe5 ! ?ird & f\r? reels ( ! mov+     
picture play1 & ,i grieve to say t su* a
 policy 0 actually foll[$ = a :ile1 is (
 c\rse a fanta/ic example1 b x %[s      
exactly h[ we ought n to d x4  ,!       
soldi]s are peculi>ly s5sitive to any   
feel+ t :at is done = !m is done = "s   
o!r purpose ?an ! o/5sible "o1 entirely 
ap>t f h[ wor?y su* o!r purpose may be4 
,let me quote f a lett] writt5 by an    
(fic] ( ! ,army :o _h be5 visit+ a numb]
 ( camps3  ,! ,camp ,libr>y to my m9d   
fulfills "o ( ! mo/ vital ne$s ( ! camp4
 ,x is a place :]e our m5 c get         
relaxation & m5tal /imulus1 & :]e !y c  
feel at ease )\t ! ',god-bless-y'       

atmosph]e ( ! o!r welf>e                
organizations4444 ,x is ! "o place 9    
camp :]e y c g & h a *ance to m$itate or
 read 9 peace & quiet )\t a piano jangl+
 9 y\r e>s or ! imm95t possibility ( a  
pray] meet+4  ,! *apla9 or ! lay        
religi\s work] to :om a man in/9ctively 
turn$ at ! mom5t :5 he ne$$ spiritual   
help 0 ! "o :om he _h le>n$ to respect =
 c\rage & devotion & dignity1 ! man :o  
_h help$ to bury 8 dead fri5d1 to com=t 
& amuse 8 w\nd$ fri5d1 & to advise 8    
misguid$ fri5d 9 ! gu>d-h\se2 n ! "o ^: 
ill-tim$ m9i/rations he _h le>n$ to     
avoid4 ,i und]/& t ! /ory ( ! *apla9 :o 
entirely =got t he 0 to appe> at a      
review = ! purpose ( receiv+ a m$al &   
delay$ ! entire proce$+s :ile he 0 s\ght
 = & f\nd 9 8 cu/om>y po/ 9 ! connect+  
tr5*1 is absolutely au!ntic4  ,! man :o 
c\ld =get 8 d5om9ation 9 8 devotion to !
 great common mission 0 ! man :om !     
soldi] le>n$ to love & to tru/ & :o c\ld
 d ! mo/ 9 ! day ( battle4 ,! mo/ popul>
 tales among ! *apla9s are ! tales (    

unor?odoxy3 ,! ,ca?olic prie/ :o baptiz$
 a gr\p ( 8 m5 be=e action 9 a %ell hole
 ) wat] :i* 0 n only unbless$1 b ,i fe> 
unsanit>y1 & :o simply ref]r$ to ,philip
 & ! ,eunu* :5 reprov$2 ! ,me?odi/ &    
,bapti/1 & ,i ?9k ! ,episcopalian1 :o 9 
! abs5ce ( _! ,presbyt]ian colleague1   
solemnly & q illegally receiv$ a y\ng/] 
into ! ,presbyt]ian fold be=e he w5t    
ov]seas1 & confess$ ! next morn+ to !   
,presbyt]ian ,bo>d2 ! ,wesleyan *apla9 9
 ! ,briti% ,army :o c>ri$ a crucifix to 
com=t ! dy+ ,ca?olics on ! battlefield  
:5 no prie/ ( _! fai? 0 ne>1 & :o       
adm9i/]$ ! la/ rites to !m z be/ he     
c\ld4 ,!re are hundr$s ( su* /ories4  ,!
 appeal ( any d5om9ation z su*1 or ( !  
,y1 or ! correspond+ societies ( o!r    
fai?s1 z su*1 0 always mi/ak54 ,x 0 !   
unit$ appeal ( all ! do]s ( good de$s   
:i* c\nt$4 ,if we nev] knew be=e1 we "k 
n[ ! tru? ( ! fable ( ! bundle ( fagots4
 ,p]sonally1 ,i believe ! unit$ drive = 
welf>e "w la/ fall1 dur+ :i* ,prote/ant1
 ,ca?olic & ,jew1 & m5 ( no =mal        

religion :atev]1 appeal$ f ! same plat=m
 = ! same great purpose1 0 an ev5t ( !  
greate/ importance 9 our nation1 & x w g
 ill ) u if we =get ! lesson t x has to 
tea*4  ,! appeal mu/ be n only          
dis9t]e/$1 b x mu/ be simple & direct4  
,?is1 & ! c>eful selection ( its        
p]sonnel1 _h mu*1 if n mo/1 to d ) !    
extraord9>y success ( ! ,salvation      
,army4 ,!re are times 9 a soldi]'s life 
:5 ! sew+ on ( a button at "s vital spot
 w d m to get him ?an any?+ else 9 ! _w4
  ,out ( ?is _s ( g5]al helpfulness1 !re
 7 develop$ at almo/ e po9t ! mo/       
beautiful & sympa!tic adju/m5ts to      
imm$iate conditions4 ,= example1 take ! 
plan ( %[+ mov+ pictures ^u ! ceil+s (  
hospital w>ds1 s t ! v ill may enjoy !m 
)\t ! /ra9 ev5 ( rais+ _! heads4 ,?is   
small piece ( ?\ghtfulness to me        
repres5ts ! /&>d ( ?9k+ a problem ?r\gh 
:i* we w h to ma9ta9 if we are to hold  
:at we h ga9$1 & :at we h ga9$ includes1
 or %\ld include1 a realization t active
 & will+ lov+-k9dness furni%es ! ke5e/ (

 all pleasures4         99       99     
99       99       99  ,?us f> ,i h spok5
 ma9ly ( ! "w ( prep>ation 9 ! ,unit$   
,/ates4 ,ov]seas our soldi]s & _! (fic]s
 f\nd new conditions & 7 =c$ to make new
 adju/m5ts4 ,we no long] c\ld control ! 
laws & ord9ances1 & we f\nd diff]5t     
/&>ds ( conduct--n necess>ily l[] /&>ds1
 b diff]5t /&>ds4 ,we c\ld no long]     
en=ce prohibition = example1 b we did   
ma9ta9 a high av]age ( temp]ance4 ,we   
%[$ our allies1 "s ( :om ,i may say 7   
hone/ly sceptical on ! subject1 t ) our 
soldi]s cont95ce 0 ! rule1 & n !        
exception4 ,:5 ,i 0 9 ,france la/ ye>1  
,i ask$ ^? :o 7 9 a position to "k ^u   
?is po9t & 0 told t1 comp>atively       
speak+1 v1 v few ( our m5 l[]$ 9 ,france
 ! /&>ds ( conduct :i* !y held :5 !y    
came into ! ,army1 t _m m greatly       
improv$ ^? /&>ds1 ei!r because ( !      
lessons !y _h le>n$ 9 our tra9+ camps1  
or because ( ! :olesome companion%ip ( !
 wom5 work]s ) :om !y 7 daily br\ght 9  
contact1 or because1 & ?is 0 probably ! 

mo/ pot5t factor ( all1 !y 7 s          
desp]ately ke5 to get into ! fight+ l9e 
t !y 7 tak+ no *ances ( be+ put out (   
commission be=eh&4 ,_! morality 0 !     
morality ( ! team 9 tra9+ = ! big game1 
& x kept t5s ( ?\s&s ( boys /raight4    
,inde$1 until ,novemb] #aa1 discipl9>y  
problems may be said to h be5           
practically non-exi/5t among combat     
troops & almo/ negligible among ! o!rs4 
,aft] ! armi/ice 0 sign$1 !re 0 a       
let-d[n1 ?is be+ aft] all a v human body
 ( "y m51 & ! fir/ rem$y tri$ by "s ( ! 
old-"t regul>s did n help a bit4 ,?is 0 
to give 'em pl5ty ( drill & make 'em s  
tir$ !y won't h en]gy to get into       
mis*ief1 b z "o return+ artill]y (fic]  
po9t$ out to me1 :5 a batt]y a mon? be=e
 has fir$ #ej1jjj r\nds ( high-explosive
 at ! ,bo*e1 & work$ its guns ov] crat]s
 & ?r\gh ?ickets1 a drill ) dummy       
ammunition on a p>ade gr\nd is almo/ a  
ju/ification = mut9y4 ,wis] c\nsel soon 
prevail$ & ! welf>e "w1 :i* _h slump$ ) 
! re/1 0 aga9 br\ght up to conc]t pit*4 

,x 0 = ! fir/ "t 9 ,france1 prop]ly     
cord9at$ "u ,army control4 ,! misfits & 
! work]s :o _h worn !mselves out 7      
return$ to ?is c\ntry & _! places tak5  
by fre% blood4 ,i rememb] 9 ?is         
connection a p>agraph tuck$ 9 ! middle (
 ! uncompromis+ (ficialdom ( ! daily    
dep>tm5tal cable3 ,s5d ov] pl5ty (      
welf>e work]s & rememb] ! be/ m5 y c s5d
 are ! wom54  ,let me take ?is *ance to 
say a ^w ab\t ! criticisms we h be5 he>+
 ( ?is welf>e "w abroad4 ,9 ! fir/      
place1 ! success ( ! "w 9 ?is c\ntry    
among ! m5 9 tra9+ set up an expectation
 :i* x 0 humanly impossible to meet "u !
 conditions ov]seas2 9 o!r words1 ! m5  
:o w5t ov] assum$ /&>ds z to ! m9imum   
am\nt ( att5tion :i* x 0 _! "r to       
expect1 ! l ( :i* _h nev] be5 dream$ 9 !
 hi/ory ( mank9d4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 &  
tak5 z a :ole1 ! treatm5t :i* !y receiv$
 0 admirable & ! comp>atively few :o n[ 
d\bt ! tru? ( ?is /atem5t w come to     
realize x z "t goes on4 ,!y w see t !   
misfits1 ! ov]-wr\ght1 /ood out 9 _!    

m9ds l m5 out ( alignm5t at p>ade1 t !y 
simply did n notice ! ?\s&s ( m5 & wom5 
^: "w = !m 0 all t _! own mo!rs c\ld h  
ask$4  ,! foll[+ (ficial cablegram      
records ! /ate ( educational1 recreation
 & welf>e "w at ! end ( ,april1 #aiai4  
,educational activities3 ,r\ghly !re are
 #bji1jjj /ud5ts embrac$ 9 ?is s*eme4   
,t5 ?\s& are at ,a4,e4,f4 ,univ]sity at 
,beaune1 "s #g1jjj are att5d+ ,fr5*     
univ]sities4 #c1jjj att5d+ ,briti%4 ,!re
 are r\ghly #acj1jjj m5 at ,po/ ,s*ools1
 :i* correspond to our elem5t>y s*ools 9
 ,unit$ ,/ates4 #ee1jjj are att5d+ !    
,divisional ,educational ,s*ools1 :i*   
correspond to our ,high s*ools4 ,9      
addition !re are approximately #eh1jjj  
m5 9 specializ$ vocational s*ools :]e !y
 h full %op facilities ( ,a4,e4,f4      
,a?letic activities3 ,a?letic activities
 increas+ daily 9 scope & popul>ity4    
,figures = ,febru>y %[ #f1ejj1jjj       
individual p>ticipants 9 games4 ,9      
addition to mass a?letics1 unit         
*ampion%ips are be+ play$ 9 football1   

basketball1 socc]1 box+1 t5nis1 swimm+1 
tug ( w>1 golf1 track & field4          
,ent]ta9m5t activities3 ,reports (      
ent]ta9m5t (fic]s %[ mon?ly att5dance = 
,a4,e4,f4 ( betwe5 eight & t5 million4  
,mov+ pictures1 pr(essional tal5t f     
,unit$ ,/ates & p>ticul>ly soldi] %[s   
be+ utiliz$ 9 all p>ts ( army & h done  
mu* to take c>e ( leisure h\rs ( troops4
 ,horse %[s h be5 held 9 ne>ly e        
division ( ,a4,e4,f4 & h prov$ v popul>4
 ,am\nt ( all ?is "w n[ be+ c>ri$ on is 
little %ort ( /up5d\s4  ,! foll[+       
p>agraphs f a p]sonal lett] are         
p>ticul>ly significant z com+ f an (fic]
 ( ! regul> army1 :o :5 he 0 9 comm& (  
"o ( ! cantonm5ts 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0   
g5u9ely al>m$ le/ ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t _h n  
lo/ its s5se ( proportion1 & 0 creat+   
p>lor ornam5ts in/ead ( fight+ m53  ,i  
s]v$ 9 ! ,army ( ,occupation 9 !        
,philipp9es & 9 ,*9a aft] ! ,box]       
campaign1 & ,i want to tell y t !       
discipl9e & sprit de corps ( ^! troops 9
 ,g]many is incomp>ably bett] ?an any?+ 

,i saw !re4  ,i ?9k no?+ has s          
contribut$ to ?is result z ! welf>e "w &
 ! educational "w und]tak54 ,we h e     
reason to be pr\d ( ! fact t we _h p 9  
comm& ( ! army :o _h ! vision to see :at
 result ?is "w w\ld br+4  ,i took comm& 
( ! --? ,division 9 ! ,army (           
,occupation 9 ,decemb]1 & up until !    
pres5t "t ,i nev] work$ ) a happi] or m 
cont5t$ lot ( m54 ,( c\rse !y all want  
to g home1 & we w\ldn't h mu* use = !m  
if !y didn't1 b an int5sifi$ milit>y    
c\rse ( tra9+ 9 ! morn+1 s*ools &       
a?letics 9 ! aft]noon1 & /udy &         
ent]ta9m5t 9 ! ev5+ h made _! days s    
full t !y h be5 p]fectly cont5t$ to /ay 
until _! boat comes 9 ,june4  ,?is has  
be5 ! exp]i5ce ( all ! divisions up "h 9
 ,g]many1 & _! en?usiasm1 ,i fe>1 :5 !y 
get home1 may be tak5 = pro-,g]manism4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,! ,w> ,dep>tm5t has le>n$ s mu* 9 ?is  
great laboratory exp]im5t 9 human       
conduct t ! impi\s wi% sometimes arises 
9 "o's m9d t we might promptly try x all

 ov] aga9 = ! *ance ( pr(it+ by our     
mi/akes4 ,?ank ,god we c't d t1 b 9 our 
daily contact ) ^! same m5 re/or$ to _! 
communities we c to a c]ta9 degree c>ry 
on ! "w1 & 9 s do+ we c le>n mu* f !    
successes & failures ( ! ,army4  ,9     
plann+ = ! imm$iate future1 !re are "s  
?+s :i* we mu/n't =get4 ,9 ! fir/ place1
 we mu/n't expect ^! "y m5 7or any      
humans = t matt]7 to be capable ( rema9+
 at conc]t pit* indef9itely4  ,= a :ile1
 9 deal+ ) ! soldi] :o has return$ f    
ov]seas1 real +5uity w be requir$ to    
make mu* impression ^u 8 m9d4 ,n only w 
ord9>y life seem tame b1 frankly1 he is 
likely to h be5 ov]h&l$ & ov]welf>$4    
,if1 h[ev]1 we h err$ 9 ?is reg>d1 x has
 be5 on ! "r side4  ,may ,i v5ture /ill 
ano!r sugge/ion1 & t is to be c>eful &  
consid]ate ( ! soldi] :o1 despite 8     
e>ne/ desire1 fail$ to get across1 & = !
 matt] ( t1 ( ! "y man :o didn't get    
into ! ,army at all4 ,! morale ( ^! two 
gr\ps w ne$ our p>ticul> c>e4  ,9 clos+1
 h[ev]1 we %\ld n end ^u a note ( w>n+1 

b r ^u "o ( exultation2 = ! w> has      
taught u1 if x has taught no?+ else1 t1 
giv5 a great cause & a cross-section (  
our het]og5e\s ,am]ican population1 !   
result+ revelation ( ! p[] ( human      
endurance1 human c\rage & human         
accompli%m5t comes pretty ne> to prov+  
objectively ! div9ity ( man4            
,,footnotes3  ,footnote #a3 ,an address 
deliv]$ at ! "o hundr$? anniv]s>y ( !   
,g5]al ,!ological ,sem9>y1 ,new ,york1  
,april #cj1 #aiai4     ,,! ,,w> ,,z ,a  
,,practical ,,te/ ,,( ,,am]ican         
,,s*ol>%ip#b   ,x is a difficult task to
 attempt to def9e ! ,am]ican s*ol> (    
to-day4 ,if any ( y d\bt x1 let him try 
x z ,i h tri$4 ,s*ol>%ip1 l _m ano!r    
broad t]m1 has no %>ply m>k$ edges4 ,x  
is h>d to def9e any?+ t lacks           
def9it5ess2 &1 aft] all1 ! task is      
relatively pr(itless1 because we all ( u
 recognize :at is at ! c5t] ( ! concept4
 ,i ?9k we all recognize t ! s*ol> is an
 exp]t 9 "s p>ticul> field or fields2 b 
he is m ?an ! exp]t z su*1 9 t he kn[s  

en\gh ( o!r matt]s to see 8 p>ticul>    
specialty 9 its relation to ?+s 9 g5]al4
 ,he mu/1 to ?is degree at lea/1 be a   
philosoph]4 ,?is v g5]al conception (   
s*ol>%ip is fairly con/ant1 b ! fields  
:i* ! conception includes are broad5+   
day by day & almo/ h\r by h\r4 ,we _c   
to-day limit s*ol>%ip to ! polite       
bran*es :i* 7 all t x embodi$ :5 ?is    
,society 0 f\nd$ or ev5 :5 ?is ,*apt] 0 
e/abli%$4 ,! s*ol> ( ! old-fa%ion$ type 
mu/ n[ accept z 8 fell[ ! man :o has    
help$ to flatt5 ! trajectory ( !        
#af-;in* %ell1 or to control ! bir? rate
 ( ! cootie4 ,lat] on ,i %all sugge/ "o 
o!r elem5t :i*1 9 ! light ( ! te/ :i*   
,am]ican s*ol>%ip has und]gone 9 ! pa/  
two ye>s1 x seems to me %\ld n[ be      
includ$ 9 our idea ( ! typical ,am]ican 
s*ol>4  ,we ,am]icans are pr\d ( be+    
call$ a nation ( inv5tors2 & mo/ ( u h  
made1 or almo/ made1 private discov]ies 
( an inv5tional nature :i*1 = "s reason1
 h nev] come to fruition4 ,! sci5tific  
bo>ds 9 ,wa%+ton dur+ ! w> receiv$ m ?an

 sixty ?\s& sugge/ions 9 "s me*anical   
field2 & ,i am told by ^? :o ought to "k
 t ( all ^! n m ?an five ( ^? com+ f    
untra9$ m9ds 7 ( any practical value4   
,ev5 f ! tra9$ m9ds !re came1 ,i am     
told1 no fundam5tal discov]y 9 sci5ce z 
a direct result ( ! w> conditions4      
,sugge/ions ( improvem5ts 9 detail &    
valuable sugge/ions !re 7 9 pl5ty1 new  
applications ( kn[n pr9ciples1 b        
application ( a fundam5tally new idea1  
no4 ,t is only to say :at we already "k1
 t discov]y is n made to ord]4 ,9 ea*   
case ! idea _h already be5 born 9 ! m9d 
( "s intellectual pione] & work$ out by 
him1 & "s man :o _h ! idea 9 ! front ( 8
 m9d 0 at h& to apply x to ! new        
condition4 ,& t means1 ,i ?9k1 t if we  
met ! te/1 we met x ) our s*ol>s4  ,:5 !
 te/ came1 c]ta9 fields ( s*ol>%ip      
naturally af=d$ a bett] *ance = imm$iate
 s]vice ?an o!rs4 ,! *emi/1 = example1  
_h a bett] *ance a ?\s&-fold ?an !      
ar*ologi/4 ,x is extraord9>y1 h[ev]1 h[ 
_m ( ! gifts :i* burn$ bright on !      

national alt> came f m5 ) "s out-(-!-way
 specialty4 ,take ar*ology itself1 if y 
w4 ,! be/ tr5* helmet develop$ dur+ ! w>
 0 design$ by ! exp]t 9 armor f our own 
academic fell[%ip4 ,i am told t a v     
important elem5t 9 ! l5g? ( "t :i* x    
took to control ! subm>9e m5ace 0 ! fact
 t :5 w> broke out ! sci5ce (           
oceanography 0 almo/ :olly 9 ! h&s ( !  
,g]mans4 ,:5 ! _w's supply ( cocoanut   
husks 0 tak5 up = gas masks & we /ill   
ne$$ *>coal1 we _h to turn = additional 
s\rces to ! tropical botani/1 :o might h
 be5 expect$ to rema9 reasonably        
undi/urb$4 ,x rema9$ = a s*ol> 9 p]haps 
! pure/ bran* ( pure sci5ce1 a/ronomy1  
to recognize ! well kn[n fact t x is !  
%ape ( ! tail ( any & e mov+ object1    
motor c> or boat or :at y w1 & n ! %ape 
( ! head1 :i* is ! factor ( *ief        
importance 9 design1 & to apply ?is     
recognition to artill]y problems4 ,!    
re-design+ ( our artill]y %ells "u !    
direction ( ?is a/ronom] add$ miles to  
_! range4 ,ano!r a/ronom] appli$ 8      

exp]i5ce 9 /udy+ ! movem5t ( comets to  
solv+ c]ta9 problems ( long-range       
artill]y fire :]e ! projectile 9 its    
flight rises into ! circumambi5t e!r4   
,9 prov+ ! case = ! ,am]ican s*ol>1 z ,i
 ?9k we c prove x1 we %\ld n be beguil$ 
into ! pleasant task ( record+ ! de$s ( 
s*ol>s & g5tlem5 :5 ! de$s 7 ^? ( !     
gallant g5tleman r ?an ( ! s*ol> p] se4 
,we h "o "h 9 our own academic family ^:
 lieut5ant's b>s ,i %\ld be z pr\d to   
we> z ! />s ( any ( our g5]als4 ,nor ne$
 we1 ,i ?9k1 cite ! in/ances :]e !      
rigor\s tra9+ ( ! s*ol> cle>ly laid !   
f\ndation = great accompli%m5t 9 "s     
g5]al field ( adm9i/ration4 ,! man :om  
we c ?ank p]haps m ?an any o!r = !      
brilliant conduct ( our w> f9ance 0     
sev5te5 ye>s ago editor-9-*ief ( !      
,columbia ,law ,review4 ,we may well    
turn ) pride1 b we don't ne$ him to     
prove our po9t1 to ! s*ol> ( ?is        
univ]sity1 =m]ly presid5t ( ?is ,*apt]1 
:o1 f 8 own tal5ts & exp]i5ce & 8 al]t  
s5se ( s*ol>%ip 9 o!rs1 has e>n$ ! place

 :i* he n[ holds z educational director 
( ! l>ge/ univ]sity 9 ! _w1 ! ,a4,e4,f4 
,univ]sity at ,beaune4         99       
99       99       99       99  ,our case
 re/s1 z ,i say1 ^u ! direct            
applications ( s*ol>%ip1 & n only ^u _! 
quality1 b on _! range4 ,a s+le division
 ( ! ,national ,rese>* ,c\ncil1 9 its   
report = #aiah1 %[$ "w ( national       
significance by ! s*ol>s 9 physics1     
ma!matics1 & alli$ fields t[>d !        
solution ( no few] ?an sixty-eight      
diff]5t problems1 e "o ( :i* ne$$ = its 
solution m5 ) tra9+ & k & vision4 ,at ! 
outset1 :o among u _h ! slighte/        
conception ( ! complexity ( !           
adaptations to w>f>e ( :at 0 kn[n to    
mod]n s*ol>%ip8 ,we knew t ! w> 0 m\nt+ 
into ! air1 b :o _h any realization ( ! 
adju/m5ts :i* ?is involv$8 ,fifte5      
fundam5tal problems bas$ on pure physics
 promptly arose ) ref]5ce to in/rum5ts =
 airplane op]ation4 ,= example1 at night
 & 9 ! cl\ds1 ! aviator mu/ h be=e 8    
eyes a dial :i* w indicate ! slighte/   

deviation f 8 c\rse4 ,sev5 problems _h  
to d ) airplane photography4 ,z ! art ( 
cam\flage advanc$1 = in/ance1 color     
filt]s _h to be devis$ = its detection f
 above4 ,sev5 additional problems _h to 
d ) factors ( con/ruction & ma9t5ance1 z
 fuel effici5cy4 ,n9e o!rs affect$      
balloon+2 & ! balloon1 z ! w> develop$1 
came to be ( great] & great] importance4
 ,elev5 /udies 7 9 signall+3 "o1 =      
example1 a device = secret daylight     
signall+1 ) a range ( five miles or m4  
,& please rememb] t all ^! 7 ! task ( "o
 bran* ( "o organization )9 ! field (   
pure sci5ce4 ,by common cons5t1 ! dulle/
 bran* ( physics 0 held to be ac\/ics1 b
 s9ce #aiad ! :ole "q ( s\nd-rang+ has  
be5 9 ! h&s ( exp]ts 9 ac\/ics4 ,a      
device develop$ by ,am]ican physici/s   
gave our m5 n9ete5 seconds 9 :i* to take
 cov] f cannon fir$ f\r miles away4 ,!  
mo/ brilliant "w 9 ?is field 0 t ( a =m]
 /ud5t ( ! ,columbia ,s*ool ( ,m9es4    
,if ,i 7 to pick out "o field 9 :i* !   
s*ol>ly attitude has be5 mo/ brilliantly

 rew>d$1 x is t ( m$ic9e4 ,if our army  
surgeons & sanit>ians _h be5 conf9$ to !
 practical family doctors1 :o _c be     
bo!r$ ) all ?is new-fangl$ /uff1 our m5 
w\ld h di$ l flies f disease1 z !y did 9
 ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w>4 ,x 0 !         
laboratory man1 ! !ori/1 ! highbr[ if y 
l1 :o made our heal? record a matt] (   
national pride & congratulation4 ,x 0 ! 
k ( a s*ol>1 c\pl$ ) 8 in/9ctive und]/&+
 ( ! human he>t--nei!r c\ld h accompli%$
 ! purpose alone--:i* s5t hundr$s (     
%ell-%ocks1 z !y came to be call$ 7p us$
 to call ! condition by an ugli]1 if n a
 %ort]1 t]m7 back into ! l9es )         
self-respect & n]ve r5ew$4  ,to turn to 
ano!r field1 x 0 a real s*ol>1 ev5 if he
 7 also a dean1 :o1 9 spite ( ! be/     
ef=ts ( 8 practical associates to det]  
him1 br\ght ord] out ( *aos 9 ! mo/     
important ( our w> bo>ds ?r\gh !        
collection & skillful pres5tation (     
/ati/ical data4  ,9 _m cases x 0 ! s*ol>
 :om we mu/ ?ank = ! po9t+ out ( !      
obvi\s4 ,! e>ly drafts reject$ ?\s&s (  

excell5t pot5tial soldi]s because our   
exi/+ height regulations 7 drawn = m5 ( 
! nor!rn ,european races2 & ! m9imum    
height limit 0 well )9 ! normal v>iation
 ( ! m5 ( s\!rn ,european ance/ry1 :i*  
has be5 s l>ge an elem5t 9 our rec5t    
immigration4 ,simil>ly1 m5 ( sci5ce h   
po9t$ out t ! l5g? ( ! m>*+ /ep dep5ds n
 alone on ! l5g? ( ! legs1 b ev5 m on ! 
wid? ( ! hips1 a simple fact :i* is (   
real milit>y significance4 ,! s*ol>s 9 !
 ,=e/ ,products laboratories knew h[ to 
make boxes t w\ld n break & spill _!    
cont5ts on ! :>ves at ,hobok5 or ,/4    
,nazaire1 &1 equally important1 !y knew 
h[ to educate ! qu>t]ma/]s to use !m4   
,! fact t 9 _m fields we rea*$ ! limits 
( available man-p[] meant a wond]ful    
/imulation to ! /udy ( c]ta9 problems   
affect+ human welf>e4 ,take = example ! 
physiological aspects ( indu/rial       
fatigue4 ,9 ?is field an excell5t       
!oretical />t _h be5 made be=e ! w>1 b !
 appeal 0 limit$ to ^? int]e/$ 9 !      
individual work]4 ,) ! w>1 h[ev]1 & !   

%ortage ( labor1 came a new &1 ,i fe>1 a
 m pot5t appeal--! int]e/ 9 ! product & 
its prompt production4 ,! work] :o      
collaps$ c\ld n be replac$4 ,long h\rs  
or unsanit>y surr\nd+s meant spoil$     
mat]ial & brok5-d[n ma*9]y & resultant  
delay4 ,& :5 !re 0 a s*ol> at h& to %[  
:y ?is 0 s1 y may be sure he _h 8 day 9 
c\rt4  ,! "w ( ! s*ol> has n :olly be5 9
 gett+ ?+s done4 ,p]haps an equally     
important side 0 9 keep+ impossible or  
unpr(itable ?+s f be+ attempt$4 ,:5 "t 0
 ( ! v ess5ce ( ! :ole program1 ! man :o
 c\ld say ,no & prove ! validity ( 8    
objection1 p]=m$ a positive "w ( great  
value4 ,"o ( our associates at ,columbia
 _h a lead+ %>e 9 devis+ te/s = c&idates
 = ! fly+ s*ool1 :i*1 by reject+ ! unfit
 at ! outset1 sav$ _m lives f ! "t ( _! 
adoption & _m1 _m ?\s&s ( doll>s2 = !   
tra9+ ( a fly] :o _c be us$ :5 ! "t     
comes is a v co/ly piece ( national     
extravagance 9 bo? money & m54  ,our    
s*ol>s did n conf9e _! activities to !  
battle ( ,wa%+ton4 ,n only z eng9e]s &  

doctors1 b z geologi/s & geograph]s1 z  
meteorologi/s & sanit>ians1 !y w5t ) !  
troops to ! front1 & _! c\nsel z to     
actual milit>y op]ations 0 welcom$ &    
foll[$4 ,"o ( !m1 a ba*elor & doctor (  
?is ,univ]sity1 di$ 9 ! s]vice 9        
,france4 ,! s*ol>1 l ! soldi]1 /ood     
ready to /ep =w>d to fill ! gap 9 !     
ranks z he saw x1 reg>dless ( :e!r      
some?+ m dignifi$ might be f\nd = him to
 d4 ,our own ,b>n>d1 ,pr(essor (        
,education1 took :at he 0 pleas$ to call
 8 vacation 9 apply+ 8 s*ol>%ip to      
organiz+ an educational program = !     
w\nd$ m5 9 our hospitals1 z a !rapeutic 
measure4 ,be+ a s*ol> & n m]ely an      
exp]t1 he saw ! broad human aspect ( 8  
specialty2 t ! fir/ ?+ to d ) ! man :o  
is bl9d$1 or o!rwise maim$1 is to make  
him realize t x is wor? :ile to get     
well2 t he c h a life :i* is wor? liv+2 
t if 8 old job is no long] possible1 !re
 are o!rs = :i* he c be tra9$4 ,"o (    
,am]ica's mo/ di/+ui%$ philosophical    
*emi/s settl$ d[n to ! humble b v       

ess5tial problem ( mak+ mix$ fl\rs rise 
& bake ) a cru/--& solv$ x4 ,! w>       
s]vices ( a pa/ ,presid5t ( ?is ,*apt]1 
n[1 alas1 no long] ) u1 & ^? ( our      
pres5t ,presid5t h be5 z useful z !y h  
be5 inconspicu\s4  ,! ne$ = ! s*ol> 0 n 
only qualitative1 b quantitative4 ,b = !
 g5]al di/ribution ( *emical k 9 ,france
 & ,engl&1 & ! pres5ce ( m5 capable (   
promptly apply+ t k to combat ! gas     
attacks laun*$ by ! ,g]mans1 ! w> w\ld h
 be5 lo/ be=e we c\ld possibly h r5d]$ !
 slighte/ assi/ance2 & on our side ( !  
,atlantic :5 ! armi/ice 0 sign$1 !re 7  
two ?\s& tra9$ *emi/s engag$ 9 !        
problems ( gas w>f>e alone4 ,our c\ntry1
 9 a ^w1 ne$$ n only to h "s m5 ) !     
requisite tra9+1 b m5 en\gh to meet     
simultane\sly _m ne$s 9 _m fields1 & ^! 
m5 7 drawn 9 l>ge measure f our academic
 faculties4 ,:ile "o mu/ n press !      
id5tity betwe5 ! s*ol> & ! pr(essor too 
h>d--= a numb] ( reasons--! fact rema9s 
t ! tea*+ pr(ession provid$ ! ma9       
res]voir f :i* ! c\ntry drew4 ,"o ( my  

fri5ds 9 ! ,*emical ,w>f>e ,s]vice has  
summ>iz$ ! relation betwe5 ! academic   
s*ol> & t bran* ( ! army activity4 ,bo? 
*iefs ( ! ,*emical ,s]vice ,/ation 7    
college pr(essors1 "o ( !m a memb] ( ?is
 ,*apt] ( ,phi ,beta ,kappa4 ,( ! f\rte5
 heads ( ! ,rese>* ,division1 eight 7   
college pr(essors4 ,x 0 ! college       
pr(essors :o made fundam5tal improvem5ts
 9 gas masks on ! "o h&1 & :o devis$ new
 gases to te/ ! ,g]man masks on ! o!r4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,z a nation1 we did n realize at !      
outset1 z ,g]many did1 ! importance ( ! 
man :o kn[s1 & ( kn[+ :o he is & :]e he 
is2 & "h1 p]haps1 lay our mo/ fundam5tal
 unprep>$ness4 ,:at ?is co/ u may be    
judg$ f a s+le in/ance4 ,a code message 
f ,g]many direct+ ! dismantl+ ( ! ,g]man
 %ips ly+ 9 our ports 0 int]cept$4 ,if  
we _h kn[n t !re 0 a pr(essor ( ,engli% 
9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago :o1 9 ! pursuit
 ( 8 m$ieval rese>*es1 _h develop$ ! p[]
 ( read+ ciph]s almo/ at sight1 t cable 
f ,g]many c\ld h be5 promptly deciph]$1 

we c\ld h =e/all$ ! sabotage1 & some?+ l
 six mon?s 9 ! use ( ^! %ips = !        
transport ( our troops & munitions c\ld 
h be5 ga9$4  ,! job ( gett+ ! man :o    
knew into ! "r ni*e 0 n an easy "o4 ,!  
s*ol>s c\ld n all be sp>$2 =1 aft] all1 
education & rese>* are ess5tial         
indu/ries1 &1 =tunately = our           
in/itutions ( le>n+1 = our reviews &    
sci5tific ag5cies1 & =tunately = !      
c\ntry z a :ole1 all ( our s*ol>s did n 
ru% imm$iately into gov]nm5t "w4 ,! less
 ?rill+ task ( keep+ ! lamps burn+ 9 our
 ligh?\ses 0 nev] m important ?an dur+ !
 /ormy days :i* we h j gone ?r\gh4      
,fur!rmore1 ! s*ol> is a mode/ p]son1   
?\gh he has 8 human vanities1 z we all  
"k :o h se5 our colleagues 9 uni=m2 b   
usually "s "o _h to "k ab\t him & invite
 him to 8 place1 a v %>p contra/ to !   
bus9ess m5 & lawy]s :o came d[n to      
,wa%+ton by ! tra9load to impress u ) _!
 capacity to d any job :i* involv$ a    
commission ( prop]ly high degree4  ,9   
g5]al1 ,i %\ld say t ! individuals 9 !  

univ]sities met ! te/ bett] ?an !       
in/itutions !mselves4 ,! latt] did n1 x 
seems to me1 z in/itutions1 grasp !     
situation4 ,v few /udi$ ! "q ( !        
assignm5t ( _! speciali/s z a problem 9 
cons]vation z well z 9 publicity2 & z f>
 z ! use ( _! facilities 9 ! tra9+ (    
soldi]s & sailors is conc]n$1 ! ,w>     
,dep>tm5t & ! ,navy ,dep>tm5t _h        
lit]ally to tea* !m h[ to meet ! w>     
conditions4 ,su* help z came f organiz$ 
bodies ( s*ol>s came r f ! le>n$        
societies ?an f ! academic gr\ps4  ,!n  
!re 0 a fur!r difficulty1 p>ticul>ly    
among ! y\ng] m51 ?\gh n :olly among !m4
 ,! exp]t's job1 & h5ce inclusively !   
s*ol>'s job1 is relatively safe s f> z !
 imm$iate risk ( dea? is conc]n$1 ?\gh n
 ! risk ( %ort5+ life ?r\gh ov]work4 ,"o
 ,columbia man1 well ov] ! draft age1   
told me frankly t he w\ld gladly give up
 an important public (fice he held = !  
privilege ( fight+ ) 8 h&s1 b he c\ld n 
be tempt$ by an opportunity to fight ) 8
 head4 ,?r\gh ?is same impulse _m & _m a

 man attempt$ to conceal 8 special k 9  
ord] t he might fight 9 ! l9e4 ,! ,army 
,committee on ,classification (         
,p]sonnel1 :i* 0 9 itself a beautiful   
example ( s*ol>%ip 9 practical          
application1 0 able1 h[ev]1 9 mo/       
in/ances to pluck out ! exp]t f ! l9e & 
set him1 :e!r he 0 will+ or n1 at ! task
 = :i* he 0 p>ticul>ly adapt$ &         
p>ticul>ly ne$$4         99       99    
99       99       99  ,:at1 f ! po9t (  
view ( ! non-s*ol>1 c be said z to !    
g5]al usefulness ( ! m5 & wom5 7= ! wom5
 did _! %>e7 :o came =w>d or 7 br\ght   
=w>d to take ?is trial by fire on behalf
 ( ,am]ican s*ol>%ip8 ,fir/ ( all1 !    
s*ol> mu/ be a real s*ol>2 he mu/ h !   
natural ability & ! long & rigor\s tra9+
 necess>y = accurate obs]vation1 &      
obs]vation ( ! k9d :i*1 if ,i may be    
=giv5 a mo/ uns*ol>ly metaphor1 includes
 ! ability to di/+ui% ! blue *ips f !   
:ite2 8 d$uctions mu/ be rel5tless1 & 8 
inductions mu/ be lum9\s4 ,t is ask+ a  
good deal1 & x w\ld be en\gh if 8 deal+s

 7 to be ) o!r s*ol>s or ) s*ol>s 9 !   
mak+4 ,! pap]s ( a leisurely recluse c  
be dug out by o!rs f ! ev5 m delib]ately
 publi%$ proce$+s ( le>n$ societies1 ev5
 z ! au?or has dug out ^? ( 8           
pr$ecessors1 & ultimately ! practical   
application ( 8 discov]ies w be made4 ,9
 national em]g5cy1 h[ev]1 ?is process w 
n suffice4 ,! s*ol> mu/ desc5d f 8 t[]2 
he mu/1 if he is to s]ve effectively1   
le>n to ?9k to ord] & to d x rapidly1 to
 deal ) all sorts & conditions ( m52 he 
mu/ be> ) _! amaz+ ignorances & pr(it by
 _! equally amaz+ k ( ?+s ( :i* he is   
ignorant4 ,he mu/ "k ! art ( team play4 
,! w> has br\ght out a new type (       
s*ol>%ip1 or at any rate has develop$ x 
to su* an ext5t t its implications are  
new1 & t is ! unselfi% cop]ation (      
exp]ts to meet a giv5 & usually an      
imm$iately press+ ne$4 ,! developm5t ( !
 ,lib]ty motor furni%es a good example (
 ! results ( su* cop]ative ef=t4 ,x     
seems to me t ! mo/ important s+le      
lesson :i* our s*ol>s c le>n f !        

exp]i5ce ( ! two pa/ ye>s is !          
importance ( ?is team play 9 s*ol>%ip1 &
 n only team play ) o!r s*ol>s1 b team  
play ) ^? :o h ! equally valuable &     
p]haps ev5 r>] gift ( gett+ ?+s done1 :o
 p]haps des]ve ! title ( s*ol>s 9 !     
control ( "t & space4 ,! s*ol>s :o made 
good 7 ^? :o _h _h n only ! tra9+ &     
temp]am5t = rese>*1 b ! tra9+ &         
temp]am5t = work+ ) o!r p4 ,! s*ol>%ip (
 ! man :o f self-c5t]$ness or f a mi/ak5
 absorption 9 8 specialty lack$ ! art ( 
deal+ ) 8 fell[ m5 0 likely to prove a  
/]ile s*ol>%ip1 & 9 mo/ cases a useless 
s*ol>%ip 9 ! day ( national ne$4  ,"o ( 
! mo/ dramatic ?+s ab\t ! w> 0 ! spe$+  
up ( supply & transport "u ! /rong h& ( 
! man :o _h br\ght ! ,panama ,canal to  
completion4 ,g5]al ,goe?als 0 no        
adm9i/rative !ori/4 ,he 0 will+ to try  
any?+ & anybody once1 b he 0 prompt 9   
reject+ :at did n promptly accompli% 8  
purpose4 ,an eng9e] ( ,g5]al ,goe?als'  
di/9ction c be reg>d$ z a s*ol> 9 8     
p>ticul> field2 b ! po9t ,i want to make

 is t dur+ 8 s]vice z ,qu>t]ma/]-,g5]al1
 :5 (fic]s ( ! regul> army & ov]-night  
majors1 z !y 7 call$1 presid5ts (       
manufactur+ plants1 bank]s & lawy]s1 7  
pass+ 9 :at seem$ to be an almo/ unbrok5
 procession ?r\gh 8 (fice1 he reta9$ j  
two m5 9 8 inn] circle f fir/ to la/1 & 
bo? 7 academic p]sons4 ,h]b]t ,hoov]    
surr\nd$ himself ) s*ol>s1 entomologi/s1
 /ati/icians & public heal? m54 ,he did 
n always use !m = _! specialties1 b he  
evid5tly lik$ ! type4 ,! great welf>e   
societies did ! same1 & ! li/ ( academic
 m5 :om !y us$ makes an impressive      
total4  ,^! in/ances are typical ( a v  
g5]al success among s*ol>s 9 cop]at+    
effectively & helpfully ) em95tly       
practical m54 ,?is may be because !     
s*ol> has be5 tra9$ 9 a =m ( competition
 :i* ! s-call$ practical man lack$4 ,he 
is us$ to hav+ 8 "w wip$ out by "s      
discov]y ( a rival1 & hav+ to beg9      
afre%4 ,he is us$ to a *eck+ ( 8 "w by 8
 fell[s :i*1 if ( a diff]5t nature1 is  
no less rel5tless ?an ! w>-"t *eck 9 !  

toll ( human lives4 ,! man ( high       
reputation 9 bus9ess (t5 fail$ because  
he _h le>n$ to measure success & 8 own  
compet5ce only 9 t]ms ( divid5ds1 & 9 ! 
new te/ he f\nd 8 measur+-rod worse ?an 
useless4  ,our s*ol>s ( ! cop]ative type
 n only pursu$ _! rese>*es1 b !y got _! 
milit>y associates into ! habit ( ?9k+ 9
 t]ms ( s*ol>%ip4 ,"o ( _! mo/ useful   
accompli%m5ts1 initiat$ by a ,doctor (  
,philosophy ( ?is ,univ]sity1 0 !       
organization ( ,?ursday ev5+ conf]5ces =
 ! discussion ( ! new sci5tific &       
te*nical problems fac+ ! ,army & ,navy4 
,?is furni%$ a nucleus = ! ex*ange (    
ideas betwe5 ! diff]5t rese>* gr\ps1 bo?
 "h & abroad2 = s*ol>%ip 0 mobiliz$ &   
utiliz$ 9 ,france1 ,engl&1 & ,italy1 z  
well z "h1 & our ,allies laid _!        
sci5tific discov]ies be=e u ) ! greate/ 
loyalty4 ,at ^! conf]5ces _! reports 7  
discuss$ & dige/$ & appli$1 in/ead ( be+
 pigeon-hol$ at ! ,w> ,college1 z ,i fe>
 might h be5 o!rwise ! case4 ,x 0 z a   
result ( "o ( ^! conf]5ces t a memb] (  

?is ,*apt]1 act+ on a h9t :i* came f a  
,fr5* report1 0 l>gely in/rum5tal 9     
develop+ a me?od ( subm>9e detection    
?r\gh s\nd-waves ( a p>ticul> type1 :i*1
 ?\gh x came too late to be ( s]vice 9 !
 w>1 may s]ve 9 peace to relieve !      
greate/ t]ror ( ! m>9]1 ! dang] (       
collision 9 d>kness or fog ) si/] vessel
 or iceb]g or d]elict4 ,a pot5t factor 9
 break+ d[n ! b>ri]s & delays (         
dep>tm5tal jeal\sies & bureaucratic     
tradition all along ! l9e 0 !           
free-masonry ( ! company ( s*ol>s 9     
,wa%+ton4  ,x mu/ n be =gott5 t our     
s*ol> 9 w> work$ "u two p[]ful /imuli1  
nei!r ( !m op]ative "u ord9>y           
conditions4 ,al?\gh he 0 out ( 8        
accu/om$ sett+1 work+ ) /range p & at   
/range tasks1 nev]!less ! realization ( 
! national ne$ & ! joy ( feel+ an       
id5tification ) ! =ces fac+ ! adv]s>y   
t5d$ to produce t f9e fr5zy :i* enables 
a man to d bett] ?an he kn[s h[4 ,!n1 = 
! fir/ "t 9 hi/ory1 ! s*ol> _h unlimit$ 
funds4 ,x is an int]e/+ subject =       

speculation z to h[ he c ev] g back to !
 limits ( academic appropriations4 ,x is
 to be fe>$ t 9 _m cases he w n1 b w    
turn to indu/rial ent]prises in/ead4    
,if1 h[ev]1 !re 0 an unlimit$ supply (  
funds1 !re 0 a correspond+ defici5cy 9  
"t1 & ! s*ol> :o c\ld n spe$ up to meet 
! new conditions _h little *ance to make
 8 m>k4 ,! m5 :o fail$ 9 w> because !y  
c\ld n grasp ! significance ( ! "t      
factor may1 h[ev]1 /ill be em95tly      
useful 9 peace4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! tra9+   
:i* "s ( our s*ol>s receiv$ 9 meet+     
ano!r w>-"t condition is likely to h an 
important influ5ce ^u ! relation (      
s*ol>%ip to indu/ry4 ,_m a s*ol> f\nd = 
! fir/ "t t to meet a giv5 condition a  
beautiful laboratory solution may be no 
solution at all1 t ! answ]1 to be       
effective1 mu/ meet ! peculi> condition 
( quantity production4  ,! m]it ( !     
,lib]ty eng9e1 ( :i* ,i h already spok51
 lies n alone 9 ! excell5ce ( its       
design1 admirable z t is1 b 9 ! fact t x
 is s con/ruct$ t we c\ld produce fifte5

 hundr$ ( !m 9 a s+le week4 ,or1 to take
 ano!r example1 9 #aiad we made all     
toge!r eighte5 hundr$ field glasses 9   
?is c\ntry4 ,la/ w9t]1 ?anks to !       
cop]ation ( ! s*ol>s 9 ! *emi/ry ( glass
 & 9 ! field ( optics on ! "o h&1 & ( ! 
exp]ts 9 quantity production on ! o!r1  
we 7 mak+ ?irty-five hundr$ pairs (     
field glasses ea* week4 ,!re are _m o!r 
adaptations ( s*ol>%ip to indu/ry t are 
await+ simil> practical solutions4 ,"o (
 our mo/ di/+ui%$ s*ol>s 9 physics has  
said publicly t ! day is pa/ :5 "o c    
def5d any di/9ction betwe5 pure & appli$
 sci5ce4 ,"o might z well try to di/+ui%
 betwe5 pure & appli$ virtue4  ,i said  
at ! outset t ,i w\ld v5ture lat] on an 
enl>gem5t ( ! conception ( ! ,am]ican   
s*ol>1 9 ! light ( :at ! pa/ two ye>s h 
made s cle>4 ,! s*ol> himself z well z  
^? ( u :o are n s*ol>s1 ne$s1 ,i ?9k1 to
 get a some:at broad] conception ( !    
t]m2 to develop x f its pres5t popul>   
connotation s t ! attributes :i* come to
 "o's m9d w no long] be ! /atic &       

selfi%1 b r ! dynamic & social4 ,em]son1
 9 8 essay on ! ,am]ican ,s*ol>1 seems  
to h "s prophetic glimpse ( ?is broad]  
conception4 ,he says1 = example1 t      
action is ) ! s*ol> subord9ate1 b x is  
ess5tial2 t )\t x1 he is n yet man2 t ! 
true s*ol> grudges e opportunity (      
action pass$ by1 z a loss ( p[]2 &      
else:]e1 t a great s\l w be /rong to    
live1 z well z /rong to ?9k4 ,! old idea
 ( ! s*ol> 0 ! recluse1 ! individual2 ! 
new1 x seems to me1 %\ld be "o ( a      
company ( build]s1 ea* br++ to ! common 
task1 = ! g5]al welf>e1 8 tra9+ & craft1
 8 k & ideas1 to comb9e !m ) ! gifts :i*
 8 fell[s are br++4         99       99 
99       99       99  ,?us f> almo/ all 
my mod]n in/ances h be5 tak5 f ! realms 
( natural sci5ce4 ,i ne$ n rem9d y1     
h[ev]1 t al?\gh sci5ce has trem5d\sly   
broad5$ ! range ( s*ol>%ip1 nev]!less ! 
s*ol>%ip :i* is a practical asset is n &
 nev] w be limit$ to natural sci5ce4 ,! 
record ( ! pa/ two ye>s has _m an       
example ( ! ess5tially important "w (   

s*ol>s 9 o!r fields4 ,! records are n s 
cle>-cut1 ! results are p]haps m (t5    
negative2 b ! "w 0 done & x c\nt$4 ,9 ! 
field ( public in=mation our ,am]ican   
s*ol>s 9 ! political sci5ces did        
excell5t "w "u ! direction ( a ,doctor (
 ,philosophy ( ?is ,univ]sity1 & _!     
record = fairness & sanity makes an     
enviable contra/ ) ! pa!tic propag&a ( !
 ,g]man intellectuals4 ,simil>ly1 ! "w (
 our ,columbia s*ol>s ( ! ,legislative  
,draft+ ,bureau prov$ ( great value 9   
=mulat+ &1 p]haps m important1 9        
disc\rag+ legislation4  ,9 g5]al1 h[ev]1
 ,i ?9k we ought to face ! fact squ>ely 
t our s*ol>%ip 9 man's relations ) 8    
fell[ m51 9 8 und]/&+ ( himself & 8     
fell[s z contra/$ ) 8 ma/]y ( physical  
?+s1 _c claim s cle>-cut a decision4    
,ev5 9 sci5ce we %\ld n set too great   
/ore by ourselves4 ,pr(essor1 late      
,colonel1 ,millikan writes3 ,!          
contribution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 rese>* 
& developm5t l9es 0 less1 f> less 9     
proportion to our res\rces & population1

 ?an t ( ,engl& or ,france1 & ?is 9     
spite ( ! f> heavi] /ra9 "u :i* !y 7    
labor+4 ,& yet1 ) u1 sci5ce 0 bett]     
mobiliz$1 bett] equipp$1 & c make a     
bett] %[+ ?an ! humanities4 ,"p ( ?is c 
be readily expla9$ by ! /atem5t t       
prep>ation = w> is aft] all eng9e]+ on a
 huge scale4 ,b we mu/ n prove too mu*  
if we are to pr(it by ! lesson4 ,=      
example1 ! w> f\nd u utt]ly unprep>$ 9  
=eign-language k2 & we are /ill         
unprep>$4 ,h[ _m real ,am]icans1 ,i     
don't mean rec5t immigrants1 b m5 & wom5
 ) our traditions & our po9t ( view1 c  
speak ,russian8 ,h[ _m c speak !        
languages ( ! ,ne> ,ea/ or ,f> ,ea/8    
,excell5t "w has be5 done by individual 
philosoph]s1 economi/s1 & sociologi/s 9 
labor que/ions1 9 welf>e "w1 on ! w>-"t 
trade & indu/rial bo>ds2 b z a :ole our 
s*ol>s 9 ^! fields did n dom9ate !      
situation z did ! m5 ( sci5ce 9 !irs4 ,(
 c\rse1 _! task 0 inf9itely h>d]4 ,= "o 
?+1 ?\gh we may be ready to confess our 
ignorance ( calculus or colloidal       

*emi/ry or !rmo-dynamics1 we all believe
 9 ! validity ( our (f-h& judgm5ts 9    
politics & morals1 & inde$ 9 all ! spr+s
 ( human conduct4 ,yet :5 all all[ances 
are made1 ! fact rema9s t !re is a      
s*ol>%ip 9 ^! matt]s & we h ,am]ican    
s*ol>s 9 !m1 b t ) di/+ui%$ exceptions  
^! pr(essionals p]mitt$ ! man 9 ! /reet 
or ! man 9 ! editor's *air1 or 9        
,congress1 or 9 ! ,cab9et1 to proclaim 8
 amateur pron\ncem5t & to get away ) x4 
,inde$1 ,i w g fur!r & say t n a few :o 
"k or ought to "k t x is n necess>y to  
be intol]ant 9 ord] to be patriotic     
seem$ to set _! k ^u ?is po9t at "o     
side4 ,9 w> "t x is a matt] = ! s*ol>'s 
judgm5t & consci5ce to decide :e!r x is 
wise to attempt a lead]%ip :i* at !     
mom5t w be misund]/ood & probably       
ineffective1 possibly ev5 dang]\s1      
because ( ! reaction1 to ! cause he has 
at he>t2 or to bide 8 "t 9 sil5ce1      
await+ a m suitable "t to be he>d4 ,b ,i
 submit t he is s9n+ aga9/ ! light :5 he
 jo9s 9 ! hue & cry ( ! untra9$ & !     

half-tra9$4 ,! w> has giv5 ! natural    
sci5ti/ 8 *ance1 & he has pr(it$ !reby4 
,9 ! ye>s to come ! te/ w1 ,i ?9k1 %ift 
to ! s*ol>s 9 ! human sci5ces4 ,! crises
 ( ! future w h to d ) problems ( human 
conduct r ?an ( ! control ( physical    
?+s2 &1 z ^! crises come1 our s*ol>s 9  
human relations %\ld be m ready = ! call
 to mobilize4  ,9 practically e case !  
in/ances t ,i h giv5 ( ! successful te/s
 ( our s*ol>%ip involve ! "w ( a memb] (
 ,phi ,beta ,kappa or ( ! si/] society1 
,sigma ,xi2 & ,i !re=e may be p]mitt$ to
 say a ^w m directly to our y\ng] memb]s
 ( ! society ( ^? seek+ ! philosophy (  
life1 to our ,columbia s*ol>s 9 ! mak+4 
,9 my "t1 :i*1 by ! way1 0 j tw5ty-"o   
ye>s ago1 a man :o want$ to live ! life 
( a s*ol> 0 practically limit$ to tea*+ 
z ! means ( mak+ 8 liv+4 ,! result 9 !  
way ( incompet5t & halfhe>t$ tea*+ we   
all "k4 ,let me say to y ( to-day t     
unless y want to tea*1 !re is no reason 
"u heav5 :y y %\ld d s4 ,!re are pl5ty (
 o!r means ( e>n+ an hone/ liv+4 ,!     

s*ol> is n n[adays limit$ to ! academic 
halls4 ,we h s*ol>s ( ! fir/ quality n  
only 9 special rese>* in/itutions1 b 9  
gov]nm5t bureaus & 9 indu/rial          
organizations4 ,! m5 9 gov]nm5t s]vice  
:o c\ld be sp>$ f _! o!r                
responsibilities = w> "w made an        
excell5t w> record4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we    
want to rememb] t ! real tea*]1 :e!r 9 !
 faculty or out ( x1 has a trem5d\s     
advantage 9 ! art ( pres5tation4 ,dur+ !
 w> ! effectiv5ess ( our s*ol> tea*]s 0 
well te/$ by an entirely new set (      
pupils1 pupils sometimes ) eagles or />s
 on _! %\ld]s1 or 9 ! civil field1      
capta9s ( indu/ry1 clad 9 ! glitt]+     
armor ( a big bus9ess reputation4       
,n[adays "o _c be a s*ol> 9 g5]al4 ,"o  
has to h "s specialty4 ,z to :at t      
specialty %all be 9 t]ms ( usefulness to
 ! community1 ,i ?9k ,i h giv5 y        
examples en\gh to %[ t ! range is almo/ 
unlimit$4 ,i _h plann$ to sum up ?is by 
a brief record ( ! discov]y &           
application to w> purposes ( helium2 b  

,i f9d t "o ( my own /ud5ts 9 ,columbia 
,college1 n[ a memb] ( ! ,geological    
,survey1 has beat5 me out2 & y c f9d !  
:ole /ory 9 ! ,may issue ( ! ,national  
,geographic ,magaz9e4 ,i _c resi/1      
h[ev]1 a summ>y ( ! /eps4 ,fir/1 !      
a/ronom]1 j ab\t ! "t ?is *apt] 0       
e/abli%$1 f9ds a new l9e 9 ! sol>       
spectrum4 ,?irty ye>s lat]1 ! geologi/  
comes ^u an unusual /one & turns to a   
great *emi/ = its analysis1 ) !         
consequ5t recognition ( helium z a      
mundane elem5t4 ,ab\t ! same "t comes   
its id5tification z "o ( ! newly        
recogniz$ +r$i5ts ( ! air1 & ! /udy (   
its prop]ties4 ,!n a ,kansas *emi/      
discov]s its pres5ce 9 "s natural gas   
ab\t :i* he 0 consult$ because x w\ld n 
burn prop]ly4 ,!n comes ! w> ) its      
inc5di>y bullet & ! ne$ ( a             
non-inflammable cont5t = balloons &     
dirigibles4 ,!n ! cop]ation ( physici/1 
eng9e]1 & geologi/--,canadian &         
,am]ican--makes helium available = ?is  
purpose4 ,be=e ^! rese>*es helium co/   

#agjj a cubic foot & 0 obta9able only 9 
,g]many4 ,! pres5t price is #aj c5ts a  
cubic foot1 & x is fall+4 ,! importance 
( all ?is = peace is v great4 ,9 ^! days
 ( airplane hops we are =gett+ t a      
,zeppel9 made ! trip f ,bulg>ia to :at  
%\ld h be5 ,g]man ,ea/ ,africa ) m$ic9es
 & ammunition4 ,! ,g]mans hav+ disappe>$
 9 ! meantime1 ! ,zeppel9 turn$ ar\nd & 
came back1 mak+ a cont9u\s voyage (     
sev]al ?\s& miles4  ,b d n =get t n all 
s*ol>s made good 9 ! great te/4 ,let me 
sum up :at ,i h already said4 ,9 ! fir/ 
place1 to be useful ! s*ol>%ip mu/ be   
s\nd4 ,! ne>-s*ol>1 ! man :o took !     
%ort-cut 9 prep>ation1 prov$ to be a    
positive dang]4 ,! m]e exp]t 9 "s n>r[  
field1 ! man :o did n realize !         
implications ( :at he knew1 0 relatively
 useless4 ,a man to succe$ _h to be     
int5se )\t be+ n>r[4 ,ev5 among ! s\nd  
s*ol>s1 ! m5 :o really knew1 ! isolat$ &
 insulat$ individual c\ld v r>ely make  
mu* headway4 ,x 0 ! op5-m9d$ s*ol>1 !   
mak] & keep] ( fri5ds1 :o got 8 *ance1 !

 s*ol> ^: le>n+ 0 to him a liv+ ?+1 n   
necess>ily to be display$ 9 ! m>ket     
place1 & nev] = ! sake ( ! display1 b on
 ! o!r h& nev] wrapp$ 9 a napk9 & buri$ 
9 ! e>?4  ,w ! s*ol>1 n[ t 8 practical  
wor? has be5 te/$ & prov$1 be cont5t to 
slip back into relative obscurity2 or w 
he1 on ! o!r h&1 be tempt$ too f> into !
 limelight & !reby lose ^? v qualities  
:i* gave him 8 value8 ,w he be satisfi$ 
) positions ( lead]%ip r ?an lead]%ip   
itself1 :i* may be a v diff]5t ?+8 ,x is
 l>gely = y "y m5 & "y wom5 ( ! ris+    
g5]ation ( s*ol>s to say4  ,,footnotes3 
,footnote #b3 ,an address deliv]$ be=e !
 ,new ,york ,delta ( ,phi ,beta ,kappa  
at ,columbia ,univ]sity ^u ! fiftie?    
anniv]s>y ( ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,*apt]1    
,june #c1 #aiai4     ,,:at ,,h ,,we     
,,le>n$8#c   ,i am go+ to try to select 
?ree or f\r g5]al fields 9 :i* we       
,am]icans h _h a *ance to le>n lessons (
 p]man5t value z ! result ( our w>      
exp]i5ce4 ,!n ,i %all try to apply ^! to
 :at seems to me ! mo/ typical specim5 (

 ! be/ 9 ,am]ican life1 a great ,am]ican
 ,univ]sity2 & f9ally1 ,i %all try to   
apply !m to ! situation :i* faces y "y  
m5 & wom5 ( ! graduat+ class z y /ep out
 to take y\r places 9 ! _w4 ,& 9 s do+  
,i'm go+ to look delib]ately on ! bright
 side4 ,!re are tr\bles en\gh 9 ! _w to 
worry & depress u1 & we h to face !m1 b 
let u face !m ) a confid5ce t is ju/ifi$
 9 ! light ( ! examples ( man's         
endurance1 ( 8 c\rage1 ( 8 possibilities
 ( accompli%m5t1 :i* x has be5 our      
privilege to witness )9 ! lifetime ( ?is
 academic g5]ation4  ,:at h we le>n$8 ,9
 ! fir/ place1 we h le>n$ t z a nation  
we possess ! p[] to see a big job ?r\gh1
 & we possess x because we h ! qualities
 ( y\?--en?usiasm1 le>n+ capacity1      
en]gy1 ela/icity1 initiative--! pione]+ 
_s4 ,we h ! %ortcom+s ( y\?             
also--impati5ce1 sup]ficiality1         
improvid5ce1 cock-sur5ess--b :5 ! te/   
came we manag$ to /r5g!n our virtues &  
to a l>ge ext5t to ov]come our fail+s4  
,! v>i\s /ocks t h emigrat$ to our %ores

 h come z successive waves ( pione]s1 ( 
m5 to :om new & unfamili> conditions    
s]ve z an inc5tive r ?an a disc\ragem5t1
 & x is ! p]si/5ce ( ?is pione]+ _s1    
ess5tially a y\?ful _s1 :i* has _h mu*  
to d ) our success4  ,:at s+le gr\p made
 ! f9e/ impression 9 ! great w>8 ,i ?9k 
we w agree t x 0 ! ,am]ican d\ghboy4 ,z 
"o saw him 9 ,france he 0 absolutely y\?
 inc>nate1 & he is a cross section ( our
 complex population4 ,if anyone /ill    
d\bts t all ( ^! /ocks1 ! ,teutonic     
includ$1 h be5 will+ to d _! %>e ev5 at 
! risk or co/ ( life1 let him read any (
 ! li/s ( battle casualties or ! li/ (  
honors = h]oic conduct & he w h ! be/   
k9d ( pro(4 ,let u rememb] 9 ?is        
connection t ne>ly "o-f\r? ( our draft$ 
m5 c\ldn't speak & write ,engli%        
adequately :5 !y ent]$ ! ,army4 ,9 spite
 ( a numb] ( unsightly pieces ( slag1   
:i* are ei!r float+ on ! surface or h   
sunk to ! bottom1 ! great national melt+
 pot has evid5tly done its "w well4     
,our het]og5e\s immigration1 our enorm\s

 national res\rces1 :i* h tempt$ u to   
live on capital r ?an on int]e/1 our    
prosp]ity1 h made u nei!r fat nor       
flabby4 ,we n[ "k t z a p we don't      
really c>e ab\t money or ! money game if
 we are %[n "s o!r game bett] wor?      
play+2 t selfi%ness & luxury drop away z
 if by magic :5 !y int]f]e ) ! ke5]     
satisfactions ( giv+ "o's self4 ,ev5 = u
 /ay-at-homes1 ! ,lib]ty ,loan p1 ,mr4  
,hoov]1 ! ,r$ ,cross & o!r welf>e work]s
 7 on h& to %[ u h[ to play ! bett]     
game4 ,i don't ne$ to rem9d y ( !       
details1 nor t 9 spite ( human grumbl+ &
 talk ( sacrifice1 9 ! bottom ( our     
he>ts we all enjoy$ ! process4  ,9 !    
second place1 we h le>n$ t to see ! job 
?r\gh we ne$ all ( ! nation1 m5 & wom51 
n m]ely ! pr(ession ( arms & ! my/]i\s  
p[]s ( f9ance--we ne$ all ( ev]yone4 ,we
 ne$ !m n z individuals b z a team1 & we
 h le>n$ t we c develop team play4  ,our
 easie/ jobs 7 ! rais+ ( our m5 & our   
money2 our h>de/1 ! m\ld+ ( ! :ole into 
an organic unity4 ,j z our "y m5 by !   

millions took _! place 9 ! l9e :5 !     
bugle blew1 old] m5 by ! t5s ( ?\s&s    
left _! private affairs to get along z  
be/ !y might1 & reg>dless ( political   
affiliations or p]sonal conv5i5ce1 f\nd 
place = !mselves 9 ! adm9i/rative army4 
,& !y 7 ably second$ by ! wom54 ,hundr$s
 ( m5 9 key positions h gladly borne    
witness to ! %>e :i* _! secret>ies & _! 
o!r wom5 associates play$ 9 br++ ab\t ! 
ne$$ results4  ,! fir/ days ( ! w> 7    
days ( :irl+ confusion1 color$ by gl[+  
=eca/s4 ,!n foll[$ mon?s (              
exp]im5tation1 by trial & error1 ( hope 
def]r$ by long delays1 ( well meant b   
none ! less emb>rass+ int]nal rivalries1
 ( sudd5 spurts4 ,lat] came ! days ( la/
 autumn1 :5 ! :ole great ma*9e 0 ?robb+ 
rhy?mically & /eadily1 ) only a m9or    
knock "h & !re--a sure indication to !  
wat*ful enemy1 :o _h _h m ?an a ta/e (  
:at ! ma*9e c\ld produce1 t ! game 0 up2
 & f9ally ! elev5? ( ,novemb] & ! ord]  
to rev]se ! eng9es4  ,x ought to be     
evid5t f our exp]i5ce t = any great     

ent]prise we ne$ all ! "y m5 & ! "y     
wom51 & all ! old] ones :o are /ill "y 9
 he>t4 ,we ne$ to "k :o !y are1 :]e !y  
are1 :at !y c d1 & we ne$ to t\* !m at e
 po9t2 = n only d we ne$ !m all1 b we   
ne$ all ( ea* "o ( !m4 ,we %\ld nev]    
aga9 face a great national crisis )     
ne>ly "o-?ird ( our m5 ( milit>y age    
unfit = h>d physical "w4 ,we ne$        
campaigns ( physical education & social 
hygi5e1 & we ne$ to apply ! lessons 9   
human salvage :i* ! army has le>n$ dur+ 
! w>4 ,b we ne$ m ?an ea* individual &  
all ( him4 ,we mu/ see to x t !         
individual />1 ( :atev] magnitude1 is   
subord9at$ to ! team play ( ! gr\p4 ,&  
team play means m ?an en]gy & pep4 ,x   
means a m>%all+ ( ! old fa%ion$ & homely
 virtues ( c\rtesy1 def]5ce &           
consid]ation4         99       99       
99       99       99  ,9 ! ?ird place1  
we h le>n$ t to accompli% a great result
 we ne$ ! lead]%ip ( ^? :o "k & :o "k   
vividly & con/ructively4 ,our exp]i5ce  
has be5 t 9 c]ta9 fields1 f9ance1       

sci5ce1 manufactur+ 9 quantity          
production1 m$ic9e1 we _h a supply ( ^? 
:o knew4 ,9 o!r fields1 9 intimate k (  
=eign conditions & =eign languages =    
example1 we _h n4  ,at fir/ we didn't "k
 :]e our lead]s 71 & 9 _m cases we began
 by foll[+ false prophets4 ,! value ( "o
 man ) tra9+1 bra9s & p]si/5ce c be %[n 
by a s+le example3 ,!re 0 a man :o      
answ]$ ^! qualifications connect$ ) !   
,c\ncil ( ,national ,def5ce1 n 9 a v    
exalt$ position4 ,he 0 ! fir/ 9 all ?is 
c\ntry to see t ! army program & ! %ipp+
 program did n fit4 ,x took him a long  
"t to conv9ce ! two gr\ps ( ov]work$1   
h>ri$ (ficials t nei!r c\ld play ! game 
alone2 t ! close/ cop]ation 0 necess>y4 
,he _h no access to ! records1 b he     
f9ally manag$ to build up a conv9c+     
/atem5t out ( ! %r$s ( in=mation :i* he 
ga!r$ "h & !re1 & at la/ he succe$$ 9   
gett+ ev]yone conc]n$ into ! attitude ( 
want+ to face ! facts4 ,ev]yone w\ld h  
_h to face !m soon] or lat]1 b )\t !    
devotion & lead]%ip ( ?is "o man1 x w\ld

 h be5 only z ! result ( a v s]i\s      
dislocation ( function4  ,"o field 9 :i*
 ! "r lead]%ip has be5 mo/ brilliantly  
rew>d$ is t ( m$ic9e4 ,j consid] :at we 
h done 9 ?is field3 ,! success ( !      
anti-typhoid injections2 ! r$uction 9   
dys5t]ic diseases due to *lor9ation (   
dr9k+ wat]2 ! enc\rag+ fight aga9/      
c]ebro-sp9al m5+itis & pneumonia2 !     
id5tification ( tr5* fev]1 & ! practical
 fre$om f typhus4 ,z to w\nds1 a tetanus
 antitox9 :i* has made lock-jaw almo/ a 
negligible disease2 a s]um aga9/ gas    
gangr5e2 ! ,c>rel-,dak9 me?od ( *emical 
/]ilization ( w\nds2 ! spl9t+ (         
fractures on ! battle field & ov]head   
ext5sion app>atus 9 ! hospital4 ,to     
quote ,simon ,flexn]1 ,! entire         
psy*ology ( ! w\nd$ m5 0 alt]$1 ! w>ds  
made *e]ful & happy1 pa9 aboli%$1       
infection controll$1 & recov]y ha/5$ by 
means ( ! new or improv$ surgical &     
me*anical measures put into common use4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,! f\r? lesson ( :i* ,i wi% to speak is 

t a high aim & ideal is :at c\nts mo/ ( 
all1 :at lifts ! individual up f        
selfi%ness & slo?4 ,to b9d ! c\ntry     
toge!r & to make ! trans=mation :i* /ill
 seems miracul\s1 we _h a noble national
 aim1 a complete d$ication to ! task    
be=e u1 an utt] abs5ce ( any selfi% or  
self-seek+ factor 9 ! :ole ent]prise4 ,!
 conduct ( our soldi]s1 _! submission to
 a discipl9e to :i* mo/ ( !m 7          
completely unus$ 01 ,i ?9k1 9 a v l>ge  
measure due to ! recognition ( ?is aim4 
,we recogniz$ x z a nation & we         
recogniz$ x 9 "o ano!r4 ,! /&>d (       
contact set by our soldi]s dur+ ! days (
 conflict is unique 9 milit>y hi/ory4   
,:ole divisions w5t = mon?s )\t a s+le  
c\rt-m>tial4 ,! reason 01 m ?an any?+   
else1 ! national assumption t !y w\ld   
give a good acc\nt ( !mselves & ! fact t
 !y felt !mselves 9 tra9+ = !           
*ampion%ip1 & no man want$ to miss 8    
*ance on ! battlefield = ! sake ( a     
selfi% indulg5ce4  ,"s ( ! exp]im5ts 9  
conduct tri$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,exp$ition>y  

,=ces 7 extraord9>y 9 _! success4 ,!    
leave areas1 an imm5se ent]prise1 7 run 
on ! basis ( absolute fre$om to ! enli/$
 man4 ,he liv$ 9 ! be/ hotels 9 ,europe 
& amus$ himself 9 cas9os :]e cr[n$ heads
 _h be5 9 ! habit ( gambl+ away ! money 
( _! subjects4 ,he _h no roll calls1 no 
taps1 no (fic]s 9 sight1 no milit>y     
ma*9]y :atev]4 ,he arose :5 he pleas$1  
ei!r be=e or aft] 8 breakfa/2 he ate &  
drank :5 he pleas$1 & he /ay$ out z late
 z he pleas$4 ,! physical & moral effect
 ( ?is absolute *ange f ! milit>y rgime 
0 a v int]e/+ & in/ructive ph5om5on1 b t
 is n ! po9t ,i wi% to make4 ,out ( !   
?\s&s & ?\s&s ( m5 :o 7 s5t to ^! leave 
areas1 !re 0 h>dly a s+le case 9 :i* a  
man abus$ ! tru/ :i* 0 put ^u him or    
fail$ to turn up on "t to g back to !   
gr9d ( milit>y duty4 ,?is c\ld nev] h   
be5 done ) soldi]s ( ano!r type1 )      
soldi]s lack+ an ideal4  ,someone has   
rec5tly writt5 t f9e m9ds h be5 f9ely   
t\*$ by ! w>1 & base m9ds basely4 ,he   
might h add$ t wise m9ds h be5 wisely   

t\*$1 & fooli% m9ds fooli%ly4 ,9 g5]al1 
,i ?9k x may fairly be said t :5 !      
appeal 0 to ! f9e/ 9 a man's "*1 !      
result 0 correspond+ly f9e4         99  
99       99       99       99  ,^!1 x   
seems to me1 are ! f\r ma9 ?+s we h     
le>n$1 or at any rate we h _h a *ance to
 le>n4 ,fir/1 t we are a real nation1   
pot5tially /rong ) ! /r5g? ( y\?4       
,second1 t to fulfill our mission1 e man
 & woman & all ( e su* individual is an 
object ( national conc]n2 t we mu/ be   
mobiliz$ & we mu/ cont9ue our lessons 9 
team play4 ,we h /ill pl5ty to le>n 9   
?is field4 ,?ird1 t we mu/ h & mu/      
recognize ! lead]%ip ( ^? :o "k1 :i*1   
aft] all1 is ! great te/ ( a democracy4 
,f\r?1 t to br+ out ! be/ t is 9 u1 z   
individuals & z a nation1 we mu/ h an   
aim1 high1 cle>-cut & cle>ly und]/ood4  
,if1 n[1 ,i attempt to apply ^! f\r     
lessons :i* we h _h a *ance to le>n1 to 
educational conditions1 & p>ticul>ly to 
univ]sity conditions1 x w be = ?ree     
reasons3 ,! fir/ is ! g5]al wisdom (    

conf9+ "o's rem>ks to ?+s he kn[s some?+
 ab\t4 ,! second1 t !re is no s+le      
in/itution m *>act]i/ic ( ! be/ 9 our   
,am]ican life ?an a great ,am]ican      
,univ]sity4 ,& !re is ?is ?ird reason1 t
 if we _h n _h a supply ( "y m5 ) ! /amp
 ( ! ,am]ican college ^u !m1 we c\ld    
nev] h met ! call = (fic]s1 = ne>ly a   
qu>t] ( a million ( !m4 ,i am told t !  
,g]mans 7 prep>$ to admit & to disc\nt  
our weal? 9 money1 9 mat]ials & 9 man   
p[]1 b !y look$ =w>d confid5tly to a    
complete failure on our "p 9 tra9+      
(fic]s to lead our m5 9 battle4 ,(      
c\rse1 all ! citiz5 (fic]s :o made good 
records 7 n college m51 b ! college     
tra9$ citiz5s 7 ! m5 :o set ! pace &    
made ! /&>d4  ,x 0 ,pitt :o said1 ,!    
atroci\s crime ( be+ a "y man ,i %all   
attempt nei!r to palliate nor to d5y4   
,nor %\ld a univ]sity seek to palliate  
or to d5y ! *>ge ( be+ a place ( resort 
= y\?4 ,a univ]sity1 x seems to me1 %\ld
 be a place :]e ! prim>y object is n !  
repression ( y\?ful exub]ance nor !     

correction ( y\?ful fail+s 7?\gh bo? may
 be necess>y on occasion71 b r1 a place 
= ! enc\ragem5t ( ! great & vital       
qualities ( y\?--en?usiasm1 en]gy1 p[] (
 acquisition1 s5sitiv5ess ( impression4 
,x is ! place :]e ! old] memb]s ( !     
community h ! be/ *ance to /ay "y4 ,!   
univ]sity %\ld be ess5tially a company (
 en?usia/s1 ( pione]s4 ,!re is a fronti]
 = e work] to cle>--no matt] h[ n>r[ or 
h[ wide 8 horizon may be4 ,9 a univ]sity
 !re is no prop] place1 among faculty or
 /ud5ts1 = ! disillusion$1 ! cynical1 ! 
defeati/4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,n[ we come to !           
application ( ! second lesson1 ! lesson 
( mobilization1 ( team play4 ,9 ! fir/  
place1 no univ]sity is alive :]e        
mobilization is limit$ to ! ,record]'s  
(fice4 ,9 a live in/itution1 reg5t1     
pr(essor1 /ud5t1 janitor1 ea* is a "p ( 
! game & mu/ feel t he is4 ,he mu/ feel 
t 9 its adm9i/ration ! in/itution has   
le>n$ ! great lesson ( direct & human   
p]sonal contact4 ,sci5ce1 among all its 

triumphs1 _c include any device =       
convey+ a message f m9d to m9d or f he>t
 to he>t half s good z ! human voice & !
 human eye4 ,)9 ! faculty1 ?is elem5t ( 
human cop]ation %\ld be reflect$ by !   
vitality ( ! organism r ?an by !        
complexity ( ! organization1 :i* may n  
be vital at all4 ,ea* memb] mu/ feel t !
 g5]al repute is safegu>d$ by hone/ &   
intellig5t /&>ds1 hone/ly & intellig5tly
 adm9i/]$4 ,! univ]sity1 l ! c\ntry at  
l>ge1 mu/ make itself responsible = all 
( ea* & e /ud5t1 8 bodily condition1 =  
example1 j z directly z 8 m5tal4  ,x w  
be recall$ t "o ( my ju/ifications =    
apply+ w> exp]i5ces to univ]sity        
conditions 0 ! %>e :i* ! college &      
univ]sity m5 _h 9 build+ up our supply (
 (fic]s4 ,if we /udy :y ! college m5    
made good (fic]s1 & make all[ance = !   
fact t x is ! k9d ( man :o goes to      
college :o is likely to make a good     
(fic] anyway1 & all ! o!r all[ances we c
 ?9k (1 we c't dodge ! conclusion t !re 
is some?+ outside ( ! college curriculum

 :i* has be5 an important factor 9 br++ 
ab\t ! results4 ,on ! o!r h&1 important 
z ! o!r factors are1 ! curriculum has _h
 its %>e1 & x is 9 my judgm5t a lead+ & 
n always an adequately recogniz$ %>e4 ,!
 com=table !ory t once he has settl$ d[n
 to some?+ important ! college          
ne'er-d-well w sudd5ly blossom =? into a
 compet5t lead] ( m5 didn't "w out 9    
practice4 ,x may h happ5$ "h & !re1 b x 
didn't happ5 z a g5]al rule4 ,9 ! fight+
 l9e1 x 0 v g5]ally ! man ) a s\nd      
academic record1 n necess>ily ! ,phi    
,beta ,kappa lad1 b ! good s*ol> &      
active college citiz51 ! man :o _h tak5 
! tr\ble to le>n ?+s & le>n p1 :o made !
 be/ record4 ,i naturally wat*$ )       
p>ticul> int]e/ ! records ( my own old  
/ud5ts at ,columbia1 & ,i "k t ?is is s4
         99       99       99       99  
99  ,x is a significant fact1 h[ev]1 =  
^? ( u :o are int]e/$ 9 ! welf>e (      
college boys & girls1 t ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
gov]nm5t delib]ately built up :at 0 to  
all int5ts & purposes an und]graduate   

college life = ! "y m5 ( ! army1 )      
a?letics1 dances1 dramatics1 s++1 & all 
! re/1 ev5 includ+ opportunities = read+
 & /udy4 ,ev5 ! mo/ h>d5$ ( regul>      
(fic]s1 :o at ! fir/1 ,i fe>1 reg>d$ ?is
 z "s ( ! civilian fooli%ness ) :i* all 
soldi]s h to cont5d1 came to see t !    
program 0 a vital factor 9 build+ up su*
 a body ( fight+ m5 z !y _h nev] se54 ,&
 ?is is only ano!r way ( say+ t if y    
want to use ! human ma*9e = any purpose1
 y mu/ conc]n y\rself ) ! :ole ( x4     
,human nature does n come 9 air-tight   
comp>tm5ts4  ,presid5t ,wilson co9$ a   
phrase :i* has ?or\ghly gone ! r\nds :5 
he said t ! side-%[s ( college life %\ld
 n ov]%ad[ nor di/ract f ! ent]ta9m5t 9 
! ma9 t5t4 ,we all agree to ?is4 ,b ,i  
?9k we are m incl9$ ?an :5 ! words 7    
spok5 to urge t ! side-%[s1 prop]ly &   
intellig5tly subord9at$1 %\ld be "u !   
same managem5t z ! ma9 t5t4 ,! army has 
tri$ ! exp]im5t on a l>ge scale & x has 
work$ well4 ,9 ,febru>y la/ !re 7 9     
,france & on ! ,rh9e six million & a    

half individual p>ticipants 9 a?letic   
games1 t5 million att5dants on          
ent]ta9m5ts1 ne>ly a qu>t] ( a million  
/ud5ts4         99       99       99    
99       99  ,none ( ! lessons :i* !    
,army has le>n$ are m significant ?an ^?
 :i* h to d ) mobilization &            
classification4 ,! activities ( !       
,provo/ ,m>%al ,g5]al1 ( ! ,committee on
 ,classification & ,p]sonnel1 9         
cop]ation ) ! ,committee on ,education1 
furni% ! be/ record ( l>ge scale human  
eng9e]+ 9 ! new sci5ce ( p]sonnel ( :i* 
we h any record1 ei!r 9 ?is c\ntry or1  
,i ?9k1 else:]e4  ,a univ]sity l ?is "o 
is an army1 & n su* a small army ei!r1  
judg+ by peacetime /&>ds4 ,! ,unit$     
,/ates f\nd t x 0 wor? :ile1 inde$ t x 0
 absolutely necess>y 9 organiz+ its     
=ces1 to f9d out ev]y?+ x c\ld ab\t e   
man 9 ! army1 :at he ne$$ physically to 
increase 8 effici5cy2 :at he ne$$ to    
keep him int]e/$ & out ( mis*ief2 :at he
 %\ld h 9 ! way ( tra9+--bas$ on :at he 
knew already & bas$ on c>eful m5tal     

te/s--to make him ( ! greate/           
usefulness2 :e!r he _h ! w to w91 & if  
n1 :e!r any?+ c\ld be done to get x into
 him4  ,9 a ^w1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates want$ to
 "k j :at ea* man's possibilities 74 ,0 
he (fic] mat]ial or non-com mat]ial8    
,%\ld he g into ! l9e or "o ( ! special 
corps--or to ! labor battalion8 ,z a    
result ( ?is program1 ! ,army succe$$ 9 
f9d+ a place t c\nt$ = #ih p] c5t ( !   
draft$ m54  ,n[ ,i realize t a univ]sity
 c't d all ^! ?+s ) its army 9 j ! way !
 gov]nm5t c4 ,x c't casually transf] a  
man f eng9e]+ to psy*ology1 nor a girl f
 philosophy to cook]y--or vice v]sa--no 
matt] h[ desirable su* a transf] might  
be = ! individual & ! community4 ,b x c 
d a great deal m ?an x n[ does 9 f9d+   
out ab\t all its memb]s1 in=m+ !m ( _!  
/r5g? & weaknesses1 9 see+ t e /ud5t    
gets a *ance to enjoy 9 s f> z possible 
! high privileges ( y\?1 & to get a     
help+ h& ov] ! bumps 9 ! road1 :i* also 
come ) y\?4 ,e /ud5t ought to h !       
opportunity to r\nd out 8 "* & 8        

capacities4 ,x ought n to be left to    
*ance t any /ud5t gets ! be/ p]sonal    
contacts = him or h] ) faculty &        
fell[-/ud5ts1 ! be/ opportunities =     
le>n+ team play4 ,e /ud5t ought to leave
 ) "s def9ite aim 9 life1 & if possible 
an aim high en\gh to be an ideal t is   
wor? work+ =4  ,a univ]sity is n do+ its
 full duty if its a?letics & social life
 are limit$ to ^? :o ne$ ^! ! lea/2 if  
its alumni are reg>d$ m]ely z fill]s ( !
 gr&/&s or recipi5ts ( oratory1 &       
possible s\rces ( pecuni>y support4 ,!  
alumni are ! be/ possible s\rces ( keep+
 ! faculty in=m$ z to :at ! _w really   
wants 9 ! way ( tra9$ m5 & wom51 &1 = ! 
/ud5ts1 ( in=mation1 sugge/ions1 & jobs1
 bo? tempor>y & p]man5t4  ,i realize t  
_m ( ^! ?+s are n[ done "h & else:]e1 b 
9 ! light ( :at we h le>n$ f ! exp]i5ce 
( ! ,univ]sity ( ,uncle ,sam1 ,i am sure
 t our ,am]ican univ]sities & colleges h
 h>dly scrat*$ ! surface ( :at !y might 
d & :at1 ,i ?9k1 !y w ultimately d 9 !  
realm ( human eng9e]+4 ,ne>ly all       

educational in/itutions m]ely foll[ :at 
!y f9d ! lead]s are do+1 & 9 ?is field  
!re is an opportunity1 ,i am sure1 =    
real lead]%ip4  ,we "k n[ t m5 & wom5 c 
be measur$ by imp]sonal te/s & t x is   
practicable to put aside ! mat]ial :i* x
 is ei!r impossible to fa%ion 9 !       
academic m\ld1 or = :i*1 ev5 if ! job is
 possible1 ! exp5se 9 we> & te> is      
entirely beyond ! value ( ! result to be
 obta9$4 ,to be specific1 :y %\ldn't we 
h an intellig5ce te/ ( c&idates = !     
degree ( ,doctor ( ,philosophy1 j z we  
_h a physical & psy*ological exam9ation 
= c&idates = ! fly+ s*ools8  ,i don't   
mean t we %\ld leap f "o illogical      
position cle> across ! road into ano!r4 
,m5tal measurem5ts are n yet an exact   
sci5ce1 & a man ( mod]ate ability1 ) a w
 to succe$1 may be a bett] academic     
inve/m5t ?an 8 m brilliant bro!r :o     
lacks t quality2 b1 by prun+ v sp>+ly   
7"o does n h to *op d[n a tree to prune 
x7 ! sav+ 9 "t & en]gy w be enorm\s4    
,fundam5tally ! human relation%ips are  

:at c\nt1 ! qualities lead+ to team play
 & cop]ation1 & away f isolation & its  
ills4 ,?is means t if a faculty is to   
ex]cise its lead]%ip1 x mu/ "k ! /ud5t  
body1 x mu/ ma9ta9 & develop po9ts (    
human t\*4 ,imp]sonal te/s1 imp]sonal   
records1 all t mod]n practice & mod]n   
sci5ce c tea* u we mu/ h1 b ^! mu/ be   
us$ only z ! framework = :at is aft] all
 ! fundam5tal ?+1 direct human contact  
betwe5 tea*] & tea*]1 tea*] & /ud5t1 &  
/ud5t & /ud5t4         99       99      
99       99       99  ,n[ z to lead]%ip1
 & 9 a univ]sity we c id5tify ! lead]s )
 ! tea*]s1 !re is no d\bt1 ,i ?9k1 t !  
tea*]s' pr(ession comes out ( ! w> 9 a  
high] place ?an x w5t 91 & ! s*ol> goes 
back to 8 "w ) a feel+ ( confid5ce 9    
himself 9 view ( 8 record 9 competition 
& comp>ison ) m5 9 o!r call+s4 ,i v5ture
 to pr$ict t we %all he> a good deal    
less frequ5tly 9 ! future ! old gibe t !
 man :o c\ld d ?+s did !m & ! man :o    
c\ldn't1 taught !m4 ,! tea*]s made good1
 n only because ( _! s*ol>%ip1 b because

 ( _! p]sonality4 ,i ?9k ?is exp]i5ce ( 
! la/ two ye>s is go+ to accel]ate      
greatly ! movem5t :i* _h already />t$ ( 
turn+ to ! academic _w = ! man :o c d   
?+s & d !m ) o!r p4 ,entirely ap>t f !  
contra/s 9 income1 ! %e] fun ( executive
 "w1 ) pl5ty ( money to sp5d on :at y   
want to get done1 is a pretty /rong     
temptation = a man ) a heavy tea*+      
s*$ule & an annual dep>tm5t             
appropriation ( say #ge4 ,bo? ! regul>  
army (fic]s :o h made conspicu\sly good1
 & ! s*ol>s ( ! cop]ative type :o h made
 conspicu\sly good1 are be+ actively    
bidd5 = by bank]s & manufactur]s & all  
sorts ( p4 ,nei!r pr(ession c compete on
 ! purely f9ancial side ) ^! tempt]s &1 
9 ord] to hold _! fir/-rate m51 !y w ea*
 h to make "s great] contribution 9 !   
?+s t money alone c't buy4  ,bo? 9 !    
nation & 9 our republics ( lett]s &     
sci5ce1 we mu/ le>n to di/+ui% m cle>ly 
betwe5 ! p[] t comes ) k1 & ! ability to
 talk ab\t ?+s4 ,x 0 v int]e/+ to wat* 9
 ,wa%+ton ! gradual sub/itution ( ! man 

) ! latt] quality by ! man ) ! =m] 9    
positions ( responsibility1 & ,i am go+ 
to confess t1 9 ! e>ly days1 "s ( !     
conf]5ces :i* x 0 my privilege or my    
duty to att5d1 rem9d$ me = all ! _w (   
c]ta9 faculty meet+s1 9 :i* g5tlem5 )\t 
def9ite k ( ! matt] 9 h& 7 discuss+ at  
consid]able l5g? :at !y 7 pleas$ to call
 pr9ciples1 b :i* 7 really (f-h&        
impressions4  ,i ?9k t 9 _! s]vice to ! 
univ]sity & to ! nation1 ! s*ol>s may   
well pr(it by ! demon/ration t x 0 n    
only ! man :o knew 8 subject1 b ! man :o
 knew h[ to deal ) 8 fell[ m51 :o 0     
likely to make 8 impression4 ,isn't !re 
su* a ?+ z academic prov9cialism1 ev5 )9
 ! walls ( a man's own univ]sity1       
c]ta9ly z betwe5 in/itution &           
in/itution1 :i* c be rem$i$ by !        
enc\ragem5t ( ^! social & cop]ative     
sides ( ! s*ol>'s "*8 ,x seems to me t  
we all %\ld face a fundam5tal ext5sion 9
 ! def9ition ( a s*ol>1 away f !        
individual1 ! selfi%1 out to ! social & 
con/ructive4  ,9 our educational        

in/itutions s*ol>%ip has ?ree functions3
 ,to broad5 ! field ( exi/+ k1 & ! w>   
has %[n u t e field has its valuable    
practical applications2 to tra9 ! com+  
g5]ation ( exp]ts1 & any c\ntry ne$s n  
only a h&ful ( di/+ui%$ lead]s b a great
 body ( well-tra9$ m5 & wom5 :o1 :5 !   
em]g5cy arises1 /& ready to meet x2 &   
la/ b n lea/1 to inspire a recognition (
 :at s*ol>%ip is & a respect = x 9 !    
m9ds ( ! g5]al /ud5ts1 few ( :om1 by !  
mo/ g5]\s /ret* ( ! imag9ation1 c be    
reg>d$ z s*ol>s !mselves1 b ^: influ5ce 
9 _! g5]ation ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry is a v   
important factor4 ,our nation ne$s a    
respect = exp]t k & x ne$s a respect =  
intellig5ce1 & our college graduates c d
 m ?an any o!r gr\p to develop ?is      
respect4         99       99       99   
99       99  ,we h tak5 up ?ree ( our   
f\r lessons z ^! affect ! univ]sity3 !  
emphasis on y\?1 ! ne$ ( mobilization & 
team play1 & ! ne$ ( lead]%ip4 ,!re     
rema9s ! f\r? factor1 a high1 cle>-cut  
aim4  ,! mo/ s]i\s *>ge aga9/ ! ,am]ican

 und]graduate 9 ! pa/ has be5 ! lack ( a
 s5se ( responsibility4 ,we n[ "k f _!  
w> records t ! s5se ( responsibility lay
 lat5t 9 ?\s&s ( ^! boys & 0 only await+
 an impulse suffici5tly /rong to ar\se  
x4  ,presid5t ,hibb5 ( ,pr9ceton1 :o    
ought to "k ! ,am]ican und]graduate if  
anybody does1 said rec5tly3 ,"y m5 are  
capable ( f> great] am\nts ( int5sive "w
 day 9 & day out ?an we _h dream$ (2    
capable ( great] conc5tration ( m9d ^u  
_! tasks4 ,!y respond m quickly ?an we h
 conceiv$ to ! call ( duty4 ,! s5se (   
responsibility is !re lat5t1 & we tea*]s
 mu/ endeavor to quick5 & to appeal to  
x4 ,we h se5 t :5 ! occasion comes ^! "y
 m5 rise to meet x4  ,we c't v well /age
 a _w w> = ! purpose1 & ,i don't ?9k we 
ne$ wait = any su* crisis to br+ x out4 
,!re is 9 e normal1 :olesome-m9d$ /ud5t 
"s motor n]ve t c be t\*$ 9 su* a way z 
to release t type ( cord9at$ en]gy :i*  
we call a s5se ( responsibility4 ,?is   
all goes back to kn[+ our m5 & wom5 &   
e/abli%+ human contacts & human         

confid5ces4  ,9 spite ( individual      
disappo9tm5ts1 & z a college dean1 ,i h 
_h my %>e1 ,i am confid5t t ! normal "y 
,am]ican ei!r already possesses z a     
motive =ce "s wor?-:ile aim or t he c be
 guid$ t[>d su* an aim if approa*$ 9 !  
"r way4  ,let me quote a p>agraph or s f
 ! report ( ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t ,committee  
on ,education3  ,because ! w> did       
completely organize ! nation = a unit$  
drive & ?us did expose a magnific5t     
national morale1 _m are incl9$ to       
believe t w> is necess>y to call =? su* 
consecration & self-=getful s]vice4     
,analysis ( ! w> tra9+1 h[ev]1 reveals a
 po9t ( view & a me?od ( proc$ure t is  
def9itely design$ to develop team-play &
 to enhance morale :e!r !re be w> or n4 
,if ^! me?ods are appli$ to education 9 
times ( peace1 !y c]ta9ly w produce "s  
effect ev5 ?\gh ! result is n z pr(\ndly
 /rik+ z x 0 dur+ ! w>4 ,among ! _m     
significant features ( w> tra9+1 !      
foll[+ are m5tion$ z wor?y ( p>ticul>   
consid]ation = transf] to s*ool         

practice3  ,z a prim>y policy1 a nation 
at w> is oblig$ to recognize t e        
individual is an asset capable ( useful 
s]vice 9 "s p>ticul> l9e ( "w ( direct  
b5efit to ! c\ntry4 ,9 ord] to make !   
mo/ effici5t use ( all its res\rces1 x  
is necess>y to make /r5u\s ex]tions to  
discov] :at ea* individual is be/       
qualifi$ to d & to tra9 ea* to use 8    
abilities 9 ! mo/ effective mann]4      
,appli$ to education ?is fundam5tal     
attitude produces two results t are (   
importance 9 ! developm5t ( morale4 ,!  
tea*]'s po9t ( view %ifts f a critical  
"o1 ) att5tion focus$ on discov]+ :e!r !
 individual measures up to ! academic   
/&>ds fix$ by s*ool au?orities1 to "o ( 
fri5dly1 n to say eag] int]e/ to discov]
 :at ea* individual really c d well4 ,! 
/ud5t's _s also *anges f "o (           
disc\ragem5t & d\bt ( 8 ability ev] to  
make good1 to "o ( int]e/ & desire =    
a*ievem5t4 ,bo? ( ^! results are ( l>ge 
importance 9 releas+ en]gy = bo? ! tea*]
 & ! /ud5t4 ,!y also h an imm$iate be>+ 

on ! enhancem5t ( morale4  ,9 any place 
( campaign to ?is end )9 a college or   
univ]sity1 ! fir/ ?+ to d is to build   
ar\nd t vague b v real emotion call$    
college _s1 to supplem5t ?is by guid+   
our "y p to enli/ 9 wor?-:ile1          
nation-wide or _w-wide causes 7we are   
s+ul>ly prov9cial ab\t ?is 9 ,am]ica71 &
 by ensur+ bett] tea*+ & sup]vision &   
bett] cord9ation ( "w4  ,!re is no "q t 
we h und]e/imat$ bo? ! ,am]ican         
und]graduate's capacity = intellectual  
"w & 8 real pleasure 9 x :5 he feels x  
wor? :ile4 ,"o ( my fri5ds 0 tell+ me ( 
8 exp]i5ces z comm&+ (fic] ( "o ( !     
gr\nd s*ools = aviators1 :]e a l>ge     
proportion ( ! c&idates 7 college       
und]graduates1 & ,i ask$ him if he _h _h
 any tr\bles z to discipl9e4 ,yes inde$1
 he repli$1 night aft] night we'd cat*  
"s fell[s /udy+ ) a peep-light "u _!    
blankets1 aft] taps _h s\nd$4  ,any     
d\bts z to ! in/9ctive reaction ( !     
normal1 heal?y "y ,am]ican t[>d         
educational opportunities 7 dispell$ by 

! exp]i5ces ( ! army 9 ,france aft] !   
armi/ice4 ,! let-d[n1 aft] ! t]rific    
physical & emotional /ra91 ! impati5ce  
reg>d+ any delay z to return home1      
comb9$ to make a pretty s]i\s situation 
z to ! morale ( our troops4 ,aft] "s    
misguid$ & ne>ly disa/r\s exp]im5ts z to
 ! curative prop]ties ( heavy drill &   
/rict discipl9e1 ! ,a4,e4,f4 recogniz$ !
 necessity = a prompt & ?or\gh          
/imulation ( all ! welf>e activities1 & 
a real educational program2 & x 0       
/raight1 old-fa%ion$ book-"w m ?an x 0 !
 movies1 or a?letics1 m ev5 ?an ,miss   
,elsie ,janis1 :i* turn$ ! corn] = u4 ,9
 all1 m ?an #bjj1jjj m5 volunte]$ = !   
privilege ( /udy+4 ,! milit>y ord] 0 (t5
 rev]s$ & majors sat at ! feet ( !      
corporals or privates :o _h be5 select$ 
z tea*]s4 ,! reports z to ! int5sity ( !
 "w ( tea*]s & /ud5ts alike %\ld put any
 ( u pr(essionals to %ame4         99   
99       99       99       99  ,j n[ we 
are he>+ a great deal ab\t ! b5efits (  
discipl9e4 ,i ?9k :at ! speak]s are     

really talk+ ab\t1 ?\gh !y don't        
recognize x !mselves1 is ! b5efit ( !   
/ate ( m9d :i* accepts & welcomes       
discipl9e4 ,we are n1 ev5 z ! result ( !
 w>1 a discipl9$ p 9 ! s5se t ,g]many   
is1 or 01 & we c ?ank ,god = x4 ,we %all
 nev] want 9 ?is c\ntry a g5]al         
subord9ation ( ! individual w &         
initiative to ext]nal control4          
,discipl9e is a means & n an end4 ,if   
discipl9e1 z su*1 ext]nally impos$1 7 s 
important a factor 9 success z _m p seem
 to ?9k to-day1 we c\ld look ?r\gh a li/
 ( ex-enli/$ m5 9 ! army & navy--,i mean
 ! m5 enli/$ & dis*>g$ dur+ peace "t--& 
f9d a relatively l>ge numb] :o made     
conspicu\sly good records aft] return+  
to civil life4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 we f9d
 no?+ ( ! k9d4  ,:at we d f9d is t n a  
few enli/$ m5 :o *ose ! army or ! navy z
 _! p]man5t c>e] h won commissions &    
made f9e records4 ,!re 7 no bett] g5]al 
(fic]s 9 ! w> ?an m5 l ,h>bord ( our    
army & ,rob]tson ( ! ,briti%1 bo? ( :om 
rose f ! ranks4 ,b isn't x fair to say t

 ! discipl9e impos$ on ^! m5 0 accept$  
gladly & accept$ 9 ! t]ms ( _!          
fundam5tal int]e/1 & t ^! m5 are n      
really exceptions to :at ,i h said8  ,i 
v5ture to pr$ict t !re w be a v diff]5t 
record to tell z to ! success 9 civil   
life ( ^? m5 n[ leav+ ! ,army1 :o1      
because !y believ$ 9 ! cause & wi%$ to  
p>ticipate to ! full 9 ! great          
ent]prise1 gladly submitt$ !mselves to !
 discipl9e = ! purpose ( increas+ _!    
effici5cy4  ,9 a mon? or s y c tea* an  
en?usia/ic man1 :o is fir$ by a big     
idea1 all ! discipl9e he ne$s = c>ry+   
out 8 duties & pr(it+ by 8              
opportunities1 b y c't rev]se ! process 
& incite en?usiasms z a result ( !      
application ( discipl9e4  ,don't ?9k t  
,i want to m9imize ! m]its ( milit>y    
discipl9e = milit>y purposes4 ,( c\rse1 
cord9ation & subord9ation are absolutely
 necess>y 9 ! h&l+ ( l>ge bodies ( m54  
,ev5 ! m5 9 ,france :o des]t$ to !      
front1 z _m ( !m did1 no matt] h[ mu* we
 may sympa?ize ) _! desire to get into !

 game1 _h to be discipl9$4 ,someone _h  
to /ay beh9d & see to ! supplies4 ,!    
po9t we are discuss+ is ! c>ry+ ov] (   
?is pr9ciple ( milit>y discipl9e intact 
into civilian life4 ,s f> z discipl9e   
br+s ab\t regul>ity ( life1 ( ex]cise1 s
 long z x m9i/]s to al]tness1 we c use  
x1 b z betwe5 discipl9e on ! "o h&1 &   
initiative & team play on ! o!r1 to meet
 our academic or our national ne$s1 ,i  
am = initiative & team play4  ,please   
don't misund]/& me4 ,by r$uc+ ! pres5t  
emphasis on ext]nal discipl9e1 aft]     
*ildhood has be5 pass$1 ,i don't mean a 
l[]+ ( /&>ds4 ,ext]nal discipl9e1 x     
seems to me1 is (t5 really impos$ z a   
sub/itute = high /&>ds2 some?+ suppos$  
to be j z good & m easy to keep 9 /ock4 
,! /&>ds ( ! wor?-:ile organization1 &  
^! are ! outw>d expression ( its aims1  
its ideals1 ought to be high en\gh &    
intellig5tly en\gh adm9i/]$ to make sure
 t ! m5 & wom5 :o are unable to provide 
_! own discipl9e1 %\ld 9 ! g5]al int]e/ 
be pa9lessly b promptly remov$ f ! gr\p4

  ,"h is a cr$o = ! ,am]ican p1 f ! p5 (
 a regul> army (fic]4 ,x's a pretty good
 "o = an ,am]ican ,univ]sity3 ,to fo/]  
individual tal5t1 imag9ation &          
initiative1 to c\ple ) ?is a high degree
 ( cop]ation1 & to subject ^! to a n too
 m9ute direction2 ! :ole vitaliz$ by a  
supreme purpose1 :i* s]ves z ! magic key
 to unlock ! upp] /rata ( ! en]gies (   
m54         99       99       99        
99       99  ,f9ally1 let me try to     
apply ^! lessons to y "y m5 & wom5 ( !  
graduat+ class4  ,keep 9 good physical  
%ape4 ,ov]work is usually a comb9ation (
 bad air1 bad fe$+1 & lack ( ex]cise &  
sleep4 ,see t y don't g /ale4 ,if y lack
 ! ze/ ( life1 f9d out :at ! tr\ble is2 
:e!r x is y\r tee? or y\r liv] or y\r   
s\l4 ,picture to y\rself :at ,!odore    
,roosevelt got out ( life4  ,be hone/ ) 
y\rself4 ,d y\r own ?9k+ & d x /raight4 
,?is1 /rangely en\gh1 is p]haps ! ?+ :i*
 y w f9d h>de/ to d aft] ! und]graduate 
atmosph]e4 ,a /ud5t body is1 or at any  
rate 0 be=e ! w>1 ! mo/ conv5tion ridd5 

gr\p ( :i* ,i h any k4 ,i am all =      
conv5tions1 because !y save a great deal
 ( "t & worry1 b only s f> z we         
recognize !m z conv5tions & d n exalt !m
 into pr9ciples or philosophical tru?s4 
,rememb] t ! public op9ion ( ,am]ica is 
an inf9itely m important ?+ to ! _w ?an 
ev] be=e1 & t y are ea* to be a "p ( x4 
,keep y\r intellectual int]e/s & y\r    
int]e/ 9 y\r alma mat]1 n 9 h] a?letics 
& h] frat]nities alone4 ,rememb] t z    
alumni ( ?is ,univ]sity y are citiz5s ( 
no mean city4 ,recruit m5 & wom5 :om %e 
ought to h & :o ought to h h]1 rememb]+ 
t ! dang] to ?is c\ntry f ! inside1 & x 
is no inconsid]able dang]1 is ma9ly due 
to ! misdirect$ zeal ( s9c]e p :o lack k
 & backgr\nd4 ,take = example ! employ] 
:o c't see beyond ! po9t ( tell+ 8 m5 to
 take x or leave x1 & ! workman ^: s5se 
( real or fanci$ inju/ice has br\ght him
 to :at ) our *ildr5 we "k z ! kick+ &  
bit+ /age4 ,x is too late to d mu* ) !  
pres5t adult g5]ation except by ma9     
/r5g? & awkw>dness1 b a recruit = high] 

education f ei!r ( ^! gr\ps is a good   
national inve/m5t4  ,keep y\r human     
contacts4 ,don't be a glad-h&] b d at   
lea/ y\r %>e4 ,x takes two to make &    
keep alive a fri5d%ip1 j z x does a     
qu>rel4 ,!re is some?+ wor? :ile 9      
ev]yone4 ,give y\rself a *ance to f9d   
:at x is4 ,practice foll[+ &1 z ! *ance 
comes to y1 practice lead+1 b above all1
 practice team play4 ,keep y\rself ready
 to take ! next /ep1 :atev] x may be4   
,!re is a /ory ( ,m>%al ,j(fre1 ( :i* ,i
 c at lea/ say t x is good en\gh to be  
true4 ,aft] ! fir/ battle ( ! ,m>ne "s  
en?usia/ 0 proclaim+ him z a second     
,napoleon & lay+ x on pretty ?ick4 ,!   
old g5tleman /ood x z long z he c\ld &  
!n said3 ,no1 ,napoleon w\ld h kn[n :at 
to d next1 & ,i don't4  ,keep y\r       
en?usiasms & y\r ideals4 ,9 o!r words1  
keep y\r y\?4 ,9 *oos+ y\r life "w1 get 
into some?+ 9 :i* ! policy & practice   
are su* t y c ?r[ y\r :ole s\l into !   
job4 ,don't take y\rself s]i\sly1 b take
 y\r opportunities = usefulness s]i\sly4

 ,f9d out ! call+s 9 :i* ,am]ica is     
%ort4 ,!re are pl5ty ( !m1 z ! w> has   
%[n4 ,?9k ov] :e!r x isn't possible = y 
to be "o ( ! m5 or "o ( ! wom5 :o1 f y\r
 tra9+ & mom5tum & vision1 w be select$ 
t5 or fifte5 or tw5ty ye>s h5ce1 to take
 on "s important job1 ) ! nation z y\r  
cli5t1 z ! "o p]son be/ qualifi$ to fill
 x4  ,we no long] h to prove t x pays to
 "k1 to really "k almo/ any?+ t is wor? 
:ile4 ,x pays 9 money1 if t is :at "o   
wants2 x pays 9 ! m endur+ satisfactions
 ( life1 9 ! pleasure t comes f exact k 
& intellectual pione]+1 9 ! almo/ unique
 joy ( creation )\t ! responsibilities (
 possession1 & 9 ! feel+ ( individual   
read9ess to be ( use 9 meet+ ! problems 
:i* ! ye>s allott$ to y\r g5]ation w    
surely br+ =?4  ,,footnotes3  ,footnote 
#c3 ,comm5cem5t address deliv]$ at !    
,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan1 ,june #bf1 #aiai4
                                        
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,note3                                  

,typographical error correct$ 9 ! text3 
,page  #eb  c5t]dness *ang$ to c5t]$ness
                                        
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