,transcrib]'s note3 ,a c>at "* 77 indicates t ! foll[+ lett] is sup]script$4 ,a li/ ( *anges to ! text is at ! end ( ! e-book4 ,,essays ,,9 ,,radical ,,empiricism by ,,william ,,james ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,by ,william ,james ,,! ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,religi\s ,,exp]i5ce3 ,a ,,/udy ,,9 ,,human ,,nature4 ,gif=d ,lectures deliv]$ at ,ed9burgh 9 #aija-aijb4 #hvo4 ,new ,york1 ,london1 ,bombay1 & ,calcutta3 ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co4 #aijb4 ,,pragmatism3 ,a ,,new ,,"n ,,= ,,"s ,,old ,,ways ,,( ,,?9k+3 ,,popul> ,,lectures ,,on ,,philosophy4 #hvo4 ,new ,york1 ,london1 ,bombay1 & ,calcutta3 ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co4 #aijg4 ,,! ,,mean+ ,,( ,,tru?3 ,a ,,sequel ,,to ,,pragmatism4 #hvo4 ,new ,york1 ,london1 ,bombay1 & ,calcutta3 ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co4 #aiji4 ,a ,,plurali/ic ,,univ]se3 ,,hibb]t ,,lectures ,,on ,,! ,,pres5t ,,situation ,,9 ,,philosophy4 #hvo4 ,new ,york1 ,london1 ,bombay1 & ,calcutta3 ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co4 #aiji4 ,,"s ,,problems ,,( ,,philosophy3 ,a ,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,an ,,introduction ,,to ,,philosophy4 #hvo4 ,new ,york1 ,london1 ,bombay1 & ,calcutta3 ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co4 #aiaa4 ,,essays ,,9 ,,radical ,,empiricism4 #hvo4 ,new ,york1 ,london1 ,bombay1 & ,calcutta3 ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co4 #aiab4 ,,! ,,w ,,to ,,believe1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,essays ,,9 ,,popul> ,,philosophy4 #abmo4 ,new ,york1 ,london1 ,bombay1 & ,calcutta3 ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co4 #ahig4 ,,memories ,,& ,,/udies4 #hvo4 ,new ,york1 ,london1 ,bombay1 & ,calcutta3 ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co4 #aiaa4 ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,psy*ology4 #b vols41 #hvo4 ,new ,york3 ,h5ry ,holt ,co4 ,london3 ,macmillan ,co4 #ahij4 ,,psy*ology3 ,,brief] ,,c\rse4 #abmo4 ,new ,york3 ,h5ry ,holt ,co4 ,london3 ,macmillan ,co4 #ahib4 ,,talks ,,to ,,tea*]s ,,on ,,psy*ology3 ,,& ,,to ,,/ud5ts ,,on ,,"s ,,( ,,life',s ,,ideals4 #abmo4 ,new ,york3 ,h5ry ,holt ,co4 ,london1 ,bombay1 & ,calcutta3 ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co4 #ahii4 ,,human ,,immortality3 ,,two ,,suppos$ ,,objections ,,to ,,! ,,doctr9e4 #afmo4 ,bo/on3 ,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,co4 ,london3 ,ar*ibald ,con/able ,co4 #ahih4 ,,! ,,lit]>y ,,rema9s ,,( ,,h5ry ,,james4 ,edit$1 ) an ,introduction1 by ,william ,james4 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,bo/on3 ,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,co4 #ahhe4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,essays ,,9 ,,radical ,,empiricism by ,,william ,,james ,illu/ration ,longmans1 ,gre51 & ,co ,f\r? ,av5ue #cj? ,/reet1 ,new ,york ,london1 ,bombay & ,calcutta #aiab ,copyright1 #aiab1 by ,h5ry ,james ,jr4 ,all ,rights ,res]v$ ,,editor',s ,,preface ,! pres5t volume is an attempt to c>ry out a plan :i* ,william ,james is kn[n to h =m$ sev]al ye>s be=e 8 dea?4 ,9 #aijg he collect$ repr9ts 9 an envelope :i* he inscrib$ ) ! title ',essays 9 ,radical ,empiricism'2 & he also _h duplicate sets ( ^! repr9ts b\nd1 "u ! same title1 & deposit$ = ! use ( /ud5ts 9 ! g5]al ,h>v>d ,libr>y1 & 9 ! ,philosophical ,libr>y 9 ,em]son ,hall4 ,two ye>s lat] ,pr(essor ,james publi%$ ,! ,mean+ ( ,tru? & ,a ,plurali/ic ,univ]se1 & ins]t$ 9 ^! volumes sev]al ( ! articles :i* he _h int5d$ to use 9 ! ',essays 9 ,radical ,empiricism4' ,:e!r he w\ld nev]!less h c>ri$ out 8 orig9al plan1 _h he liv$1 _c be c]ta9ly kn[n4 ,sev]al facts1 h[ev]1 /& out v cle>ly4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! articles includ$ 9 ! orig9al plan b omitt$ f 8 lat] volumes are indisp5sable to ! und]/&+ ( 8 o!r writ+s4 ,to ^! articles he repeat$ly alludes4 ,?us1 9 ,! ,mean+ ( ,tru? 7p4 #abg71 he says3 ,?is /atem5t is probably excessively obscure to any "o :o has n read my two articles ',does ,consci\sness ,exi/8' & ',a ,_w ( ,pure ,exp]i5ce4' ,o!r allusions h be5 indicat$ 9 ! pres5t text4 ,9 ! second place1 ! articles orig9ally br\ght toge!r z ',essays 9 ,radical ,empiricism' =m a connect$ :ole4 ,n only 7 mo/ ( !m writt5 consecutively )9 a p]iod ( two ye>s1 b !y conta9 num]\s cross-ref]5ces4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 ,pr(essor ,james reg>d$ 'radical empiricism' z an indep5d5t doctr9e4 ,?is he ass]t$ expressly3 ,let me say t !re is no logical connexion betwe5 pragmatism1 z ,i und]/& x1 & a doctr9e :i* ,i h rec5tly set =? z 'radical empiricism4' ,! latt] /&s on its own feet4 ,"o may entirely reject x & /ill be a pragmati/4 7,pragmatism1 #aijg1 ,preface1 p4 ix47 ,f9ally1 ,pr(essor ,james came t[>d ! end ( 8 life to reg>d 'radical empiricism' z m fundam5tal & m important ?an 'pragmatism4' ,9 ! ,preface to ,! ,mean+ ( ,tru? 7#aiji71 ! au?or gives ! foll[+ explanation ( 8 desire to cont9ue1 & if possible conclude1 ! controv]sy ov] pragmatism3 ,i am int]e/$ 9 ano!r doctr9e 9 philosophy to :i* ,i give ! "n ( radical empiricism1 & x seems to me t ! e/abli%m5t ( ! pragmati/ !ory ( tru? is a /ep ( fir/-rate importance 9 mak+ radical empiricism prevail 7p4 xii74 ,9 prep>+ ! pres5t volume1 ! editor has !re=e be5 gov]n$ by two motives4 ,on ! "o h&1 he has s\ght to pres]ve & make accessible c]ta9 important articles n to be f\nd 9 ,pr(essor ,james's o!r books4 ,?is is true ( ,essays ,i1 ,,ii1 ,,iv1 ,v1 ,,viii1 ,,ix1 ,x1 ,,xi1 & ,,xii4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he has s\ght to br+ toge!r 9 "o volume a set ( essays treat+ sy/ematically ( "o indep5d5t1 coh]5t1 & fundam5tal doctr9e4 ,to ?is end x has seem$ be/ to include ?ree essays 7,,iii1 ,,vi1 & ,,vii71 :i*1 al?\gh includ$ 9 ! orig9al plan1 7 aft]w>ds repr9t$ else:]e2 & "o essay1 ,,xii1 n includ$ 9 ! orig9al plan4 ,essays ,,iii1 ,,vi1 & ,,vii are indisp5sable to ! consecutiv5ess ( ! s]ies1 & are s int]wov5 ) ! re/ t x is necess>y t ! /ud5t %\ld h !m at h& = ready consultation4 ,essay ,,xii ?r[s an important light on ! au?or's g5]al 'empiricism1' & =ms an important l9k betwe5 'radical empiricism' & ! au?or's o!r doctr9es4 ,9 %ort1 ! pres5t volume is design$ n z a collection b r z a treatise4 ,x is int5d$ t ano!r volume %all be issu$ :i* %all conta9 pap]s hav+ biographical or hi/orical importance :i* h n yet be5 repr9t$ 9 book =m4 ,! pres5t volume is int5d$ n only = /ud5ts ( ,pr(essor ,james's philosophy1 b = /ud5ts ( metaphysics & ! !ory ( k4 ,x sets =? sy/ematically & )9 brief compass ! doctr9e ( 'radical empiricism4' ,a ^w m may be 9 ord] conc]n+ ! g5]al mean+ ( ?is doctr9e4 ,9 ! ,preface to ! ,w to ,believe 7#ahih71 ,pr(essor ,james gives ! "n radical empiricism to 8 philosophic attitude1 & adds ! foll[+ explanation3 ,i say 'empiricism1' because x is cont5t$ to reg>d its mo/ assur$ conclusions conc]n+ matt]s ( fact z hypo!ses liable to modification 9 ! c\rse ( future exp]i5ce2 & ,i say 'radical1' because x treats ! doctr9e ( monism itself z an hypo!sis1 &1 unlike s mu* ( ! halfway empiricism t is curr5t "u ! "n ( positivism or agno/icism or sci5tific naturalism1 x does n dogmatically affirm monism z some?+ ) :i* all exp]i5ce has got to squ>e 7pp4 vii-viii74 ,an 'empiricism' ( ?is description is a philosophic attitude or temp] ( m9d r ?an a doctr9e1 & *>act]izes all ( ,pr(essor ,james's writ+s4 ,x is set =? 9 ,essay ,,xii ( ! pres5t volume4 ,9 a n>r[] s5se1 'empiricism' is ! me?od ( resort+ to p>ticul> exp]i5ces = ! solution ( philosophical problems4 ,rationali/s are ! m5 ( pr9ciples1 empirici/s ! m5 ( facts4 7,"s ,problems ( ,philosophy1 p4 #ce2 cf4 also1 ibid41 p4 #dd2 & ,pragmatism1 pp4 #i1 #ea47 ,or1 s9ce pr9ciples are univ]sals1 & facts are p>ticul>s1 p]haps ! be/ way ( *>act]iz+ ! two t5d5cies is to say t rationali/ ?9k+ proce$s mo/ will+ly by go+ f :oles to p>ts1 :ile empirici/ ?9k+ proce$s by go+ f p>ts to :oles4 7,"s ,problems ( ,philosophy1 p4 #ce2 cf4 also ibid41 p4 #ih2 & ,a ,plurali/ic ,univ]se1 p4 #g47 ,aga91 empiricism rem&s u to s5sation4 7,op4 cit41 p4 #bfd47 ,! empirici/ view insi/s t1 z reality is creat$ temporally day by day1 concepts 444 c nev] fitly sup]s$e p]ception4444 ,! deep] features ( reality are f\nd only 9 p]ceptual exp]i5ce4 7,"s ,problems ( ,philosophy1 pp4 #ajj1 #ig47 ,empiricism 9 ?is s5se is z yet *>act]i/ic ( ,pr(essor ,james's philosophy z a :ole4 ,x is n ! di/9ctive & indep5d5t doctr9e set =? 9 ! pres5t book4 ,! only summ>y ( 'radical empiricism' 9 ?is la/ & n>r[e/ s5se appe>s 9 ! ,preface to ,! ,mean+ ( ,tru? 7pp4 xii-xiii72 & x mu/ be repr9t$ "h z ! key to ! text t foll[s4#a ,radical empiricism consi/s 7#a7 fir/ ( a po/ulate1 7#b7 next ( a /atem5t ( fact1 7#c7 & f9ally ( a g5]aliz$ conclusion4 7#a7 ,! po/ulate is t ! only ?+s t %all be debatable among philosoph]s %all be ?+s def9able 9 t]ms drawn f exp]i5ce4 7,?+s ( an unexp]i5ceable nature may exi/ ad libitum1 b !y =m no "p ( ! mat]ial = philosophic debate47 ,?is is ! pr9ciple ( pure exp]i5ce z a me?odical po/ulate4 7,cf4 bel[1 pp4 #aei1 #bda47 ,?is po/ulate corresponds to ! notion :i* ! au?or repeat$ly attributes to ,%adwor? ,hodgson1 ! notion t realities are only :at !y are 'kn[n z4' 7,pragmatism1 p4 #ej2 ,v>ieties ( ,religi\s ,exp]i5ce1 p4 #ddc2 ,! ,mean+ ( ,tru?1 pp4 #dc1 #aah47 ,9 ?is s5se 'radical empiricism' & pragmatism are closely alli$4 ,inde$1 if pragmatism be def9$ z ! ass]tion t ! mean+ ( any proposition c always be br\ght d[n to "s p>ticul> consequ5ce 9 our future practical exp]i5ce1 444 ! po9t ly+ 9 ! fact t ! exp]i5ce mu/ be p>ticul> r ?an 9 ! fact t x mu/ be active 7,mean+ ( ,tru?1 p4 #baj72 !n pragmatism & ! above po/ulate come to ! same ?+4 ,! pres5t book1 h[ev]1 consi/s n s mu* 9 ! ass]tion ( ?is po/ulate z 9 ! use ( x4 ,& ! me?od is successful 9 special applications by virtue ( a c]ta9 /atem5t ( fact conc]n+ relations4 7#b7 ,! /atem5t ( fact is t ! relations betwe5 ?+s1 conjunctive z well z disjunctive1 are j z mu* matt]s ( direct p>ticul> exp]i5ce1 nei!r m s nor less s1 ?an ! ?+s !mselves4 7,cf4 also ,a ,plurali/ic ,univ]se1 p4 #bhj2 ,! ,w to ,believe1 p4 #bgh47 ,?is is ! c5tral doctr9e ( ! pres5t book4 ,x di/+ui%es 'radical empiricism' f ! ord9>y empiricism ( ,hume1 ,j4 ,s4 ,mill1 etc41 ) :i* x is o!rwise alli$4 7,cf4 bel[1 pp4 #db-dd47 ,x provides an empirical & relational v]sion ( 'activity1' & s di/+ui%es ! au?or's volunt>ism f a view ) :i* x is easily confus$--! view :i* upholds a pure or transc5d5t activity4 7,cf4 bel[1 ,essay ,,vi47 ,x makes x possible to escape ! vici\s disjunctions t h ?us f> baffl$ philosophy3 su* disjunctions z ^? betwe5 consci\sness & physical nature1 betwe5 ?\ght & its object1 betwe5 "o m9d & ano!r1 & betwe5 "o '?+' & ano!r4 ,^! disjunctions ne$ n be 'ov]come' by call+ 9 any extrane\s trans-empirical connective support 7,mean+ ( ,tru?1 ,preface1 p4 xiii72 !y may n[ be avoid$ by reg>d+ ! dualities 9 "q z only diff]5ces ( empirical relation%ip among common empirical t]ms4 ,! pragmati/ic acc\nt ( 'mean+' & 'tru?1' %[s only h[ a vici\s disjunction betwe5 'idea' & 'object' may ?us be avoid$4 ,! pres5t volume n only pres5ts pragmatism 9 ?is light2 b adds simil> acc\nts ( ! o!r dualities m5tion$ above4 ,?us :ile pragmatism & radical empiricism d n diff] ess5tially :5 reg>d$ z me?ods1 !y are indep5d5t :5 reg>d$ z doctr9es4 ,= x w\ld be possible to hold ! pragmati/ic !ory ( 'mean+' & 'tru?1' )\t bas+ x on any fundam5tal !ory ( relations1 & )\t ext5d+ su* a !ory ( relations to residual philosophical problems2 )\t1 9 %ort1 hold+ ei!r to ! above '/atem5t ( fact1' or to ! foll[+ 'g5]aliz$ conclusion4' 7#c7 ,! g5]aliz$ conclusion is t !re=e ! p>ts ( exp]i5ce hold toge!r f next to next by relations t are !mselves p>ts ( exp]i5ce4 ,! directly appreh5d$ univ]se ne$s1 9 %ort1 no extrane\s trans-empirical connective support1 b possesses 9 its own "r a concat5at$ or cont9u\s /ructure4 ,:5 ?us g5]aliz$1 'radical empiricism' is n only a !ory ( k compris+ pragmatism z a special *apt]1 b a metaphysic z well4 ,x excludes ! hypo!sis ( trans-empirical reality 7,cf4 bel[1 p4 #aie74 ,x is ! au?or's mo/ rigor\s /atem5t ( 8 !ory t reality is an exp]i5ce-cont9uum4 7,mean+ ( ,tru?1 p4 #aeb2 ,a ,plurali/ic ,univ]se1 ,lect4 ,v1 ,,vii47 ,x is t positive & con/ructive 'empiricism' ( :i* ,pr(essor ,james said3 ,let empiricism once become associat$ ) religion1 z hi!rto1 ?r\gh "s /range misund]/&+1 x has be5 associat$ ) irreligion1 & ,i believe t a new era ( religion z well z ( philosophy w be ready to beg94 7,op4 cit41 p4 #cad2 cf4 ibid41 ,lect4 ,,viii1 passim2 & ,! ,v>ieties ( ,religi\s ,exp]i5ce1 pp4 #eae-ebg47 ,! editor desires to ackn[l$ge 8 obligations to ! p]iodicals f :i* ^! essays h be5 repr9t$1 & to ! _m fri5ds ( ,pr(essor ,james :o h r5d]$ valuable advice & assi/ance 9 ! prep>ation ( ! pres5t volume4 ,,ralph ,,b>ton ,,p]ry4 ,,cambridge1 ,,massa*usetts4 ,janu>y #h1 #aiab4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,! use ( num]als & italics is introduc$ by ! editor4 ,,cont5ts ,i4 ,,does ',,consci\sness' ,,exi/8 #a ,,ii4 ,a ,,_w ,,( ,,pure ,,exp]i5ce #ci ,,iii4 ,,! ,,?+ ,,& ,,its ,,relations #ib ,,iv4 ,,h[ ,,two ,,m9ds ,,c ,,"k ,,"o ,,?+ #abc ,v4 ,,! ,,place ,,( ,,affectional ,,facts ,,9 ,a ,,_w ,,( ,,pure ,,exp]i5ce #acg ,,vi4 ,,! ,,exp]i5ce ,,( ,,activity #aee ,,vii4 ,,! ,,ess5ce ,,( ,,humanism #aij ,,viii4 ,,la ,,notion ,,de ,,consci5ce #bjf ,,ix4 ,,is ,,radical ,,empiricism ,,solipsi/ic8 #bcd ,x4 ,,mr4 ,,pitk9',s ,,refutation ,,( ',,radical ,,empiricism' #bda ,,xi4 ,,humanism ,,& ,,tru? ,,once ,,m #bdd ,,xii4 ,,absolutism ,,& ,,empiricism #bff ,,index #bha ,i ,,does ',,consci\sness' ,,exi/8#b ',?\ghts' & '?+s' are names = two sorts ( object1 :i* common s5se w always f9d contra/$ & w always practically oppose to ea* o!r4 ,philosophy1 reflect+ on ! contra/1 has v>i$ 9 ! pa/ 9 h] explanations ( x1 & may be expect$ to v>y 9 ! future4 ,at fir/1 '_s & matt]1' 's\l & body1' /ood = a pair ( equipoll5t sub/ances q on a p> 9 weight & int]e/4 ,b "o day ,kant und]m9$ ! s\l & br\ght 9 ! transc5d5tal ego1 & ev] s9ce !n ! bipol> relation has be5 v mu* (f its balance4 ,! transc5d5tal ego seems n[adays 9 rationali/ qu>t]s to /& = ev]y?+1 9 empirici/ qu>t]s = almo/ no?+4 ,9 ! h&s ( su* writ]s z ,s*uppe1 ,rehmke1 ,natorp1 ,mn/]b]g--at any rate 9 8 e>li] writ+s1 ,s*ub]t-,sold]n & o!rs1 ! spiritual pr9ciple att5uates itself to a ?or\ghly gho/ly condition1 be+ only a "n = ! fact t ! 'cont5t' ( exp]i5ce is kn[n4 ,x loses p]sonal =m & activity--^! pass+ ov] to ! cont5t--& becomes a b>e ,bewus/heit or ,bewus/se9 b]haupt1 ( :i* 9 its own "r absolutely no?+ c be said4 ,i believe t 'consci\sness1' :5 once x has evaporat$ to ?is e/ate ( pure diaphaneity1 is on ! po9t ( disappe>+ altoge!r4 ,x is ! "n ( a non5tity1 & has no "r to a place among fir/ pr9ciples4 ,^? :o /ill cl+ to x are cl++ to a m]e e*o1 ! fa9t rumor left beh9d by ! disappe>+ 's\l' ^u ! air ( philosophy4 ,dur+ ! pa/ ye>1 ,i h read a numb] ( articles ^: au?ors seem$ j on ! po9t ( ab&on+ ! notion ( consci\sness1#c & sub/itut+ = x t ( an absolute exp]i5ce n due to two factors4 ,b !y 7 n q radical en\gh1 n q d>+ en\gh 9 _! negations4 ,= tw5ty ye>s pa/ ,i h mi/ru/$ 'consci\sness' z an entity2 = sev5 or eight ye>s pa/ ,i h sugge/$ its non-exi/5ce to my /ud5ts1 & tri$ to give !m its pragmatic equival5t 9 realities ( exp]i5ce4 ,x seems to me t ! h\r is ripe = x to be op5ly & univ]sally disc>d$4 ,to d5y plumply t 'consci\sness' exi/s seems s absurd on ! face ( x--= und5iably '?\ghts' d exi/--t ,i fe> "s read]s w foll[ me no f>!r4 ,let me !n imm$iately expla9 t ,i mean only to d5y t ! ^w /&s = an entity1 b to insi/ mo/ emphatically t x does /& = a function4 ,!re is1 ,i mean1 no aborig9al /uff or quality ( be+1#d contra/$ ) t ( :i* mat]ial objects are made1 out ( :i* our ?\ghts ( !m are made2 b !re is a function 9 exp]i5ce :i* ?\ghts p]=m1 & = ! p]=mance ( :i* ?is quality ( be+ is invok$4 ,t function is kn[+4 ',consci\sness' is suppos$ necess>y to expla9 ! fact t ?+s n only are1 b get report$1 are kn[n4 ,:oev] blots out ! notion ( consci\sness f 8 li/ ( fir/ pr9ciples mu/ /ill provide 9 "s way = t function's be+ c>ri$ on4 ,i ,my !sis is t if we />t ) ! supposition t !re is only "o primal /uff or mat]ial 9 ! _w1 a /uff ( :i* ev]y?+ is compos$1 & if we call t /uff 'pure exp]i5ce1' !n kn[+ c easily be expla9$ z a p>ticul> sort ( relation t[>ds "o ano!r into :i* portions ( pure exp]i5ce may ent]4 ,! relation itself is a "p ( pure exp]i5ce2 "o ( its 't]ms' becomes ! subject or be>] ( ! k1 ! kn[]1#e ! o!r becomes ! object kn[n4 ,?is w ne$ mu* explanation be=e x c be und]/ood4 ,! be/ way to get x und]/ood is to contra/ x ) ! alt]native view2 & = t we may take ! rec5te/ alt]native1 t 9 :i* ! evaporation ( ! def9ite s\l-sub/ance has proce$$ z f> z x c g )\t be+ yet complete4 ,if neo-,kantism has expell$ e>li] =ms ( dualism1 we %all h expell$ all =ms if we are able to expel neo-,kantism 9 its turn4 ,= ! ?9k]s ,i call neo-,kantian1 ! ^w consci\sness to-day does no m ?an signalize ! fact t exp]i5ce is indefeasibly duali/ic 9 /ructure4 ,x means t n subject1 n object1 b object-plus-subject is ! m9imum t c actually be4 ,! subject-object di/9ction mean:ile is entirely diff]5t f t betwe5 m9d & matt]1 f t betwe5 body & s\l4 ,s\ls 7 deta*able1 _h sep>ate de/9ies2 ?+s c\ld happ5 to !m4 ,to consci\sness z su* no?+ c happ51 =1 timeless itself1 x is only a witness ( happ5+s 9 "t1 9 :i* x plays no "p4 ,x is1 9 a ^w1 b ! logical correlative ( 'cont5t' 9 an ,exp]i5ce ( :i* ! peculi>ity is t fact comes to light 9 x1 t aw>5ess ( cont5t takes place4 ,consci\sness z su* is entirely imp]sonal--'self' & its activities belong to ! cont5t4 ,to say t ,i am self-consci\s1 or consci\s ( putt+ =? volition1 means only t c]ta9 cont5ts1 = :i* 'self' & 'ef=t ( w' are ! names1 are n )\t witness z !y occur4 ,?us1 = ^! belat$ dr9k]s at ! ,kantian spr+1 we %\ld h to admit consci\sness z an 'epi/emological' necessity1 ev5 if we _h no direct evid5ce ( its be+ !re4 ,b 9 addition to ?is1 we are suppos$ by almo/ e "o to h an imm$iate consci\sness ( consci\sness itself4 ,:5 ! _w ( out] fact ceases to be mat]ially pres5t1 & we m]ely recall x 9 memory1 or fancy x1 ! consci\sness is believ$ to /& out & to be felt z a k9d ( impalpable inn] fl[+1 :i*1 once kn[n 9 ?is sort ( exp]i5ce1 may equally be detect$ 9 pres5tations ( ! out] _w4 ,! mom5t we try to fix our att5tion ^u consci\sness & to see :at1 di/9ctly1 x is1 says a rec5t writ]1 x seems to vani%4 ,x seems z if we _h be=e u a m]e empt9ess4 ,:5 we try to introspect ! s5sation ( blue1 all we c see is ! blue2 ! o!r elem5t is z if x 7 diaphan\s4 ,yet x c be di/+ui%$1 if we look att5tively en\gh1 & "k t !re is some?+ to look =4#f ,consci\sness 7,bewus/heit71 says ano!r philosoph]1 is inexplicable & h>dly describable1 yet all consci\s exp]i5ces h ?is 9 common t :at we call _! cont5t has ?is peculi> ref]5ce to a c5tre = :i* 'self' is ! "n1 9 virtue ( :i* ref]5ce alone ! cont5t is subjectively giv51 or appe>s 444 ,:ile 9 ?is way consci\sness1 or ref]5ce to a self1 is ! only ?+ :i* di/+ui%es a consci\s cont5t f any sort ( be+ t might be !re ) no "o consci\s ( x1 yet ?is only gr\nd ( ! di/9ction defies all clos] explanations4 ,! exi/5ce ( consci\sness1 al?\gh x is ! fundam5tal fact ( psy*ology1 c inde$ be laid d[n z c]ta91 c be br\ght out by analysis1 b c nei!r be def9$ nor d$uc$ f any?+ b itself4#g ',c be br\ght out by analysis1' ?is au?or says4 ,?is supposes t ! consci\sness is "o elem5t1 mom5t1 factor--call x :at y l--( an exp]i5ce ( ess5tially duali/ic inn] con/itution1 f :i*1 if y ab/ract ! cont5t1 ! consci\sness w rema9 reveal$ to its own eye4 ,exp]i5ce1 at ?is rate1 w\ld be mu* l a pa9t ( :i* ! _w pictures 7 made4 ,pa9t has a dual con/itution1 involv+1 z x does1 a m5/ruum#h 7oil1 size or :at n7 & a mass ( cont5t 9 ! =m ( pigm5t susp5d$ !re94 ,we c get ! pure m5/ruum by lett+ ! pigm5t settle1 & ! pure pigm5t by p\r+ (f ! size or oil4 ,we op]ate "h by physical subtraction2 & ! usual view is1 t by m5tal subtraction we c sep>ate ! two factors ( exp]i5ce 9 an analog\s way--n isolat+ !m entirely1 b di/+ui%+ !m en\gh to "k t !y are two4 ,,ii ,n[ my cont5tion is exactly ! rev]se ( ?is4 ,exp]i5ce1 ,i believe1 has no su* inn] duplicity2 & ! sep>ation ( x into consci\sness & cont5t comes1 n by way ( subtraction1 b by way ( addition--! addition1 to a giv5 concrete piece ( x1 ( o!r sets ( exp]i5ces1 9 connection ) :i* sev]ally its use or function may be ( two diff]5t k9ds4 ,! pa9t w also s]ve "h z an illu/ration4 ,9 a pot 9 a pa9t-%op1 along ) o!r pa9ts1 x s]ves 9 its entirety z s mu* saleable matt]4 ,spread on a canvas1 ) o!r pa9ts ar\nd x1 x repres5ts1 on ! contr>y1 a feature 9 a picture & p]=ms a spiritual function4 ,j s1 ,i ma9ta91 does a giv5 undivid$ portion ( exp]i5ce1 tak5 9 "o context ( associates1 play ! "p ( a kn[]1 ( a /ate ( m9d1 ( 'consci\sness'2 :ile 9 a diff]5t context ! same undivid$ bit ( exp]i5ce plays ! "p ( a ?+ kn[n1 ( an objective 'cont5t4' ,9 a ^w1 9 "o gr\p x figures z a ?\ght1 9 ano!r gr\p z a ?+4 ,&1 s9ce x c figure 9 bo? gr\ps simultane\sly we h e "r to speak ( x z subjective & objective bo? at once4 ,! dualism connot$ by su* d\ble-b>rell$ t]ms z 'exp]i5ce1' 'ph5om5on1' 'datum1' ',vorf9dung'--t]ms :i*1 9 philosophy at any rate1 t5d m & m to replace ! s+le-b>rell$ t]ms ( '?\ght' & '?+'--t dualism1 ,i say1 is /ill pres]v$ 9 ?is acc\nt1 b re9t]pret$1 s t1 in/ead ( be+ my/]i\s & elusive1 x becomes v]ifiable & concrete4 ,x is an affair ( relations1 x falls outside1 n inside1 ! s+le exp]i5ce consid]$1 & c always be p>ticul>iz$ & def9$4 ,! ent]+ w$ge = ?is m concrete way ( und]/&+ ! dualism 0 fa%ion$ by ,locke :5 he made ! ^w 'idea' /& indiff]5tly = ?+ & ?\ght1 & by ,b]keley :5 he said t :at common s5se means by realities is exactly :at ! philosoph] means by ideas4 ,nei!r ,locke nor ,b]keley ?\ght 8 tru? out into p]fect cle>ness1 b x seems to me t ! conception ,i am def5d+ does little m ?an consi/5tly c>ry out ! 'pragmatic' me?od :i* !y 7 ! fir/ to use4 ,if ! read] w take 8 own exp]i5ces1 he w see :at ,i mean4 ,let him beg9 ) a p]ceptual exp]i5ce1 ! 'pres5tation1' s call$1 ( a physical object1 8 actual field ( vision1 ! room he sits 91 ) ! book he is read+ z its c5tre2 & let him = ! pres5t treat ?is complex object 9 ! common-s5se way z be+ 'really' :at x seems to be1 namely1 a collection ( physical ?+s cut out f an environ+ _w ( o!r physical ?+s ) :i* ^! physical ?+s h actual or pot5tial relations4 ,n[ at ! same "t x is j ^? self-same ?+s :i* 8 m9d1 z we say1 p]ceives2 & ! :ole philosophy ( p]ception f ,democritus's "t d[nw>ds has be5 j "o long wrangle ov] ! p>adox t :at is evid5tly "o reality %\ld be 9 two places at once1 bo? 9 out] space & 9 a p]son's m9d4 ',repres5tative' !ories ( p]ception avoid ! logical p>adox1 b on ! o!r h& !y violate ! read]'s s5se ( life1 :i* kn[s no int]v5+ m5tal image b seems to see ! room & ! book imm$iately j z !y physically exi/4 ,! puzzle ( h[ ! "o id5tical room c be 9 two places is at bottom j ! puzzle ( h[ "o id5tical po9t c be on two l9es4 ,x c1 if x be situat$ at _! int]section2 & simil>ly1 if ! 'pure exp]i5ce' ( ! room 7 a place ( int]section ( two processes1 :i* connect$ x ) diff]5t gr\ps ( associates respectively1 x c\ld be c\nt$ twice ov]1 z belong+ to ei!r gr\p1 & spok5 ( loosely z exi/+ 9 two places1 al?\gh x w\ld rema9 all ! "t a num]ically s+le ?+4 ,well1 ! exp]i5ce is a memb] ( div]se processes t c be foll[$ away f x along entirely diff]5t l9es4 ,! "o self-id5tical ?+ has s _m relations to ! re/ ( exp]i5ce t y c take x 9 disp>ate sy/ems ( association1 & treat x z belong+ ) opposite contexts4#i ,9 "o ( ^! contexts x is y\r 'field ( consci\sness'2 9 ano!r x is '! room 9 :i* y sit1' & x ent]s bo? contexts 9 its :ol5ess1 giv+ no pretext = be+ said to atta* itself to consci\sness by "o ( its p>ts or aspects1 & to out] reality by ano!r4 ,:at are ! two processes1 n[1 into :i* ! room-exp]i5ce simultane\sly ent]s 9 ?is way8 ,"o ( !m is ! read]'s p]sonal biography1 ! o!r is ! hi/ory ( ! h\se ( :i* ! room is "p4 ,! pres5tation1 ! exp]i5ce1 ! t 9 %ort 7= until we h decid$ :at x is x mu/ be a m]e t7 is ! la/ t]m ( a tra9 ( s5sations1 emotions1 decisions1 movem5ts1 classifications1 expectations1 etc41 end+ 9 ! pres5t1 & ! fir/ t]m ( a s]ies ( simil> 'inn]' op]ations ext5d+ into ! future1 on ! read]'s "p4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! v same t is ! t]m9us ad quem ( a lot ( previ\s physical op]ations1 c>p5t]+1 pap]+1 furni%+1 w>m+1 etc41 & ! t]m9us a quo ( a lot ( future ones1 9 :i* x w be conc]n$ :5 und]go+ ! de/9y ( a physical room4 ,! physical & ! m5tal op]ations =m curi\sly incompatible gr\ps4 ,z a room1 ! exp]i5ce has occupi$ t spot & _h t environm5t = ?irty ye>s4 ,z y\r field ( consci\sness x may nev] h exi/$ until n[4 ,z a room1 att5tion w g on to discov] endless new details 9 x4 ,z y\r m5tal /ate m]ely1 few new ones w em]ge "u att5tion's eye4 ,z a room1 x w take an e>?quake1 or a gang ( m51 & 9 any case a c]ta9 am\nt ( "t1 to de/roy x4 ,z y\r subjective /ate1 ! clos+ ( y\r eyes1 or any in/antane\s play ( y\r fancy w suffice4 ,9 ! real _w1 fire w consume x4 ,9 y\r m9d1 y c let fire play ov] x )\t effect4 ,z an out] object1 y mu/ pay s mu* a mon? to inhabit x4 ,z an inn] cont5t1 y may occupy x = any l5g? ( "t r5t-free4 ,if1 9 %ort1 y foll[ x 9 ! m5tal direction1 tak+ x along ) ev5ts ( p]sonal biography solely1 all sorts ( ?+s are true ( x :i* are false1 & false ( x :i* are true if y treat x z a real ?+ exp]i5c$1 foll[ x 9 ! physical direction1 & relate x to associates 9 ! out] _w4 ,,iii ,s f>1 all seems pla9 sail+1 b my !sis w probably gr[ less plausible to ! read] :5 ,i pass f p]cepts to concepts1 or f ! case ( ?+s pres5t$ to t ( ?+s remote4 ,i believe1 nev]!less1 t "h also ! same law holds good4 ,if we take conceptual manifolds1 or memories1 or fancies1 !y also are 9 _! fir/ int5tion m]e bits ( pure exp]i5ce1 &1 z su*1 are s+le ?ats :i* act 9 "o context z objects1 & 9 ano!r context figure z m5tal /ates4 ,by tak+ !m 9 _! fir/ int5tion1 ,i mean ignor+ _! relation to possible p]ceptual exp]i5ces ) :i* !y may be connect$1 :i* !y may lead to & t]m9ate 91 & :i* !n !y may be suppos$ to 'repres5t4' ,tak+ !m 9 ?is way fir/1 we conf9e ! problem to a _w m]ely '?\ght-(' & n directly felt or se54#aj ,?is _w1 j l ! _w ( p]cepts1 comes to u at fir/ z a *aos ( exp]i5ces1 b l9es ( ord] soon get trac$4 ,we f9d t any bit ( x :i* we may cut out z an example is connect$ ) di/9ct gr\ps ( associates1 j z our p]ceptual exp]i5ces are1 t ^! associates l9k !mselves ) x by diff]5t relations1#aa & t "o =ms ! inn] hi/ory ( a p]son1 :ile ! o!r acts z an imp]sonal 'objective' _w1 ei!r spatial & temporal1 or else m]ely logical or ma!matical1 or o!rwise 'ideal4' ,! fir/ ob/acle on ! "p ( ! read] to see+ t ^! non-p]ceptual exp]i5ces h objectivity z well z subjectivity w probably be due to ! intrusion into 8 m9d ( p]cepts1 t ?ird gr\p ( associates ) :i* ! non-p]ceptual exp]i5ces h relations1 & :i*1 z a :ole1 !y 'repres5t1' /&+ to !m z ?\ghts to ?+s4 ,?is important function ( ! non-p]ceptual exp]i5ces complicates ! "q & confuses x2 =1 s us$ are we to treat p]cepts z ! sole g5u9e realities t1 unless we keep !m out ( ! discussion1 we t5d altoge!r to ov]look ! objectivity t lies 9 non-p]ceptual exp]i5ces by !mselves4 ,we treat !m1 'kn[+' p]cepts z !y d1 z ?r\gh & ?r\gh subjective1 & say t !y are :olly con/itut$ ( ! /uff call$ consci\sness1 us+ ?is t]m n[ = a k9d ( entity1 aft] ! fa%ion :i* ,i am seek+ to refute4#ab ,ab/ract+1 !n1 f p]cepts altoge!r1 :at ,i ma9ta9 is1 t any s+le non-p]ceptual exp]i5ce t5ds to get c\nt$ twice ov]1 j z a p]ceptual exp]i5ce does1 figur+ 9 "o context z an object or field ( objects1 9 ano!r z a /ate ( m9d3 & all ?is )\t ! lea/ int]nal self-diremption on its own "p into consci\sness & cont5t4 ,x is all consci\sness 9 "o tak+2 &1 9 ! o!r1 all cont5t4 ,i f9d ?is objectivity ( non-p]ceptual exp]i5ces1 ?is complete p>allelism 9 po9t ( reality betwe5 ! pres5tly felt & ! remotely ?\ght1 s well set =? 9 a page ( ,mn/]b]g's ,grundzge1 t ,i w quote x z x /&s4 ,i may only ?9k ( my objects1 says ,pr(essor ,mn/]b]g2 yet1 9 my liv+ ?\ght !y /& be=e me exactly z p]ceiv$ objects w\ld d1 no matt] h[ diff]5t ! two ways ( appreh5d+ !m may be 9 _! g5esis4 ,! book "h ly+ on ! table be=e me1 & ! book 9 ! next room ( :i* ,i ?9k & :i* ,i mean to get1 are bo? 9 ! same s5se giv5 realities = me1 realities :i* ,i ackn[l$ge & ( :i* ,i take acc\nt4 ,if y agree t ! p]ceptual object is n an idea )9 me1 b t p]cept & ?+1 z indi/+ui%ably "o1 are really exp]i5c$ !re1 outside1 y ought n to believe t ! m]ely ?\ght-( object is hid away inside ( ! ?9k+ subject4 ,! object ( :i* ,i ?9k1 & ( ^: exi/5ce ,i take cognizance )\t lett+ x n[ "w ^u my s5ses1 occupies its def9ite place 9 ! out] _w z mu* z does ! object :i* ,i directly see4 ,:at is true ( ! "h & ! !re1 is also true ( ! n[ & ! !n4 ,i "k ( ! ?+ :i* is pres5t & p]ceiv$1 b ,i "k also ( ! ?+ :i* ye/]day 0 b is no m1 & :i* ,i only rememb]4 ,bo? c det]m9e my pres5t conduct1 bo? are p>ts ( ! reality ( :i* ,i keep acc\nt4 ,x is true t ( mu* ( ! pa/ ,i am unc]ta91 j z ,i am unc]ta9 ( mu* ( :at is pres5t if x be b dimly p]ceiv$4 ,b ! int]val ( "t does n 9 pr9ciple alt] my relation to ! object1 does n trans=m x f an object kn[n into a m5tal /ate4444 ,! ?+s 9 ! room "h :i* ,i survey1 & ^? 9 my di/ant home ( :i* ,i ?9k1 ! ?+s ( ?is m9ute & ^? ( my long-vani%$ boyhood1 influ5ce & decide me alike1 ) a reality :i* my exp]i5ce ( !m directly feels4 ,!y bo? make up my real _w1 !y make x directly1 !y d n h fir/ to be introduc$ to me & m$iat$ by ideas :i* n[ & "h arise )9 me4444 ,?is n-me "* ( my recollections & expectations does n imply t ! ext]nal objects ( :i* ,i am aw>e 9 ^? exp]i5ces %\ld necess>ily be !re also = o!rs4 ,! objects ( dream]s & halluc9at$ p]sons are :olly )\t g5]al validity4 ,b ev5 7 !y c5taurs & gold5 m\nta9s1 !y /ill w\ld be '(f !re1' 9 fairy l&1 & n 'inside' ( ourselves4#ac ,?is c]ta9ly is ! imm$iate1 prim>y1 naf1 or practical way ( tak+ our ?\ght-( _w4 ,7 !re no p]ceptual _w to s]ve z its 'r$uctive1' 9 ,ta9e's s5se1 by be+ '/rong]' & m g5u9ely 'out]' 7s t ! :ole m]ely ?\ght-( _w seems weak & inn] 9 comp>ison71 our _w ( ?\ght w\ld be ! only _w1 & w\ld enjoy complete reality 9 our belief4 ,?is actually happ5s 9 our dreams1 & 9 our day-dreams s long z p]cepts d n int]rupt !m4 ,& yet1 j z ! se5 room 7to g back to our late example7 is also a field ( consci\sness1 s ! conceiv$ or recollect$ room is also a /ate ( m9d2 & ! d\bl+-up ( ! exp]i5ce has 9 bo? cases simil> gr\nds4 ,! room ?\ght-(1 namely1 has _m ?\ght-( c\pl+s ) _m ?\ght-( ?+s4 ,"s ( ^! c\pl+s are incon/ant1 o!rs are /able4 ,9 ! read]'s p]sonal hi/ory ! room occupies a s+le date--he saw x only once p]haps1 a ye> ago4 ,( ! h\se's hi/ory1 on ! o!r h&1 x =ms a p]man5t +r$i5t4 ,"s c\pl+s h ! curi\s /ubbornness1 to borr[ ,royce's t]m1 ( fact2 o!rs %[ ! fluidity ( fancy--we let !m come & g z we please4 ,gr\p$ ) ! re/ ( its h\se1 ) ! "n ( its t[n1 ( its own]1 build]1 value1 decorative plan1 ! room ma9ta9s a def9ite foo?old1 to :i*1 if we try to loos5 x1 x t5ds to return1 & to reass]t itself ) =ce4#ad ,) ^! associates1 9 a ^w1 x coh]es1 :ile to o!r h\ses1 o!r t[ns1 o!r own]s1 etc41 x %[s no t5d5cy to coh]e at all4 ,! two collections1 fir/ ( its cohesive1 &1 second1 ( its loose associates1 inevitably come to be contra/$4 ,we call ! fir/ collection ! sy/em ( ext]nal realities1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* ! room1 z 'real1' exi/s2 ! o!r we call ! /ream ( our int]nal ?9k+1 9 :i*1 z a 'm5tal image1' x = a mom5t floats4#ae ,! room ?us aga9 gets c\nt$ twice ov]4 ,x plays two diff]5t rles1 be+ ,g$anke & ,g$a*tes1 ! ?\ght-(-an-object1 & ! object-?\ght-(1 bo? 9 "o2 & all ?is )\t p>adox or my/]y1 j z ! same mat]ial ?+ may be bo? l[ & high1 or small & great1 or bad & good1 because ( its relations to opposite p>ts ( an environ+ _w4 ,z 'subjective' we say t ! exp]i5ce repres5ts2 z 'objective' x is repres5t$4 ,:at repres5ts & :at is repres5t$ is "h num]ically ! same2 b we mu/ rememb] t no dualism ( be+ repres5t$ & repres5t+ resides 9 ! exp]i5ce p] se4 ,9 its pure /ate1 or :5 isolat$1 !re is no self-splitt+ ( x into consci\sness & :at ! consci\sness is '(4' ,its subjectivity & objectivity are functional attributes solely1 realiz$ only :5 ! exp]i5ce is 'tak51' i4e41 talk$-(1 twice1 consid]$ along ) its two diff]+ contexts respectively1 by a new retrospective exp]i5ce1 ( :i* t :ole pa/ complication n[ =ms ! fre% cont5t4 ,! in/ant field ( ! pres5t is at all times :at ,i call ! 'pure' exp]i5ce4 ,x is only virtually or pot5tially ei!r object or subject z yet4 ,= ! "t be+1 x is pla91 unqualifi$ actuality1 or exi/5ce1 a simple t4 ,9 ?is naf imm$iacy x is ( c\rse valid2 x is !re1 we act ^u x2 & ! d\bl+ ( x 9 retrospection into a /ate ( m9d & a reality int5d$ !reby1 is j "o ( ! acts4 ,! '/ate ( m9d1' fir/ treat$ explicitly z su* 9 retrospection1 w /& correct$ or confirm$1 & ! retrospective exp]i5ce 9 its turn w get a simil> treatm5t2 b ! imm$iate exp]i5ce 9 its pass+ is always 'tru?1'#af practical tru?1 some?+ to act on1 at its own movem5t4 ,if ! _w 7 !n & !re to g out l a c&le1 x w\ld rema9 tru? absolute & objective1 = x w\ld be '! la/ ^w1' w\ld h no critic1 & no "o w\ld ev] oppose ! ?\ght 9 x to ! reality int5d$4#ag ,i ?9k ,i may n[ claim to h made my !sis cle>4 ,consci\sness connotes a k9d ( ext]nal relation1 & does n d5ote a special /uff or way ( be+4 ,! peculi>ity ( our exp]i5ces1 t !y n only are1 b are kn[n1 :i* _! 'consci\s' quality is invok$ to expla91 is bett] expla9$ by _! relations--^! relations !mselves be+ exp]i5ces--to "o ano!r4 ,,iv ,7 ,i n[ to g on to treat ( ! kn[+ ( p]ceptual by conceptual exp]i5ces1 x w\ld aga9 prove to be an affair ( ext]nal relations4 ,"o exp]i5ce w\ld be ! kn[]1 ! o!r ! reality kn[n2 & ,i c\ld p]fectly well def9e1 )\t ! notion ( 'consci\sness1' :at ! kn[+ actually & practically am\nts to--lead+-t[>ds1 namely1 & t]m9at+-9 p]cepts1 ?r\gh a s]ies ( transitional exp]i5ces :i* ! _w supplies4 ,b ,i w n treat ( ?is1 space be+ insuffici5t4#ah ,i w r consid] a few objections t are sure to be urg$ aga9/ ! entire !ory z x /&s4 ,v ,fir/ ( all1 ?is w be ask$3 ,if exp]i5ce has n 'consci\s' exi/5ce1 if x be n p>tly made ( 'consci\sness1' ( :at !n is x made8 ,matt] we "k1 & ?\ght we "k1 & consci\s cont5t we "k1 b neutral & simple 'pure exp]i5ce' is some?+ we "k n at all4 ,say :at x consi/s (--= x mu/ consi/ ( some?+--or be will+ to give x up6 ,to ?is *all5ge ! reply is easy4 ,al?\gh = flu5cy's sake ,i myself spoke e>ly 9 ?is article ( a /uff ( pure exp]i5ce1 ,i h n[ to say t !re is no g5]al /uff ( :i* exp]i5ce at l>ge is made4 ,!re are z _m /uffs z !re are 'natures' 9 ! ?+s exp]i5c$4 ,if y ask :at any "o bit ( pure exp]i5ce is made (1 ! answ] is always ! same3 ,x is made ( t1 ( j :at appe>s1 ( space1 ( int5sity1 ( flatness1 br[nness1 heav9ess1 or :at n4 ,%adwor? ,hodgson's analysis "h leaves no?+ to be desir$4#ai ,exp]i5ce is only a collective "n = all ^! s5sible natures1 & save = "t & space 7&1 if y l1 = 'be+'7 !re appe>s no univ]sal elem5t ( :i* all ?+s are made4 ,,vi ,! next objection is m =midable1 9 fact x s\nds q cru%+ :5 "o he>s x fir/4 ,if x be ! self-same piece ( pure exp]i5ce1 tak5 twice ov]1 t s]ves n[ z ?\ght & n[ z ?+--s ! objection runs--h[ comes x t its attributes %\ld diff] s fundam5tally 9 ! two tak+s4 ,z ?+1 ! exp]i5ce is ext5d$2 z ?\ght1 x occupies no space or place4 ,z ?+1 x is r$1 h>d1 heavy2 b :o ev] he>d ( a r$1 h>d or heavy ?\ght8 ,yet ev5 n[ y said t an exp]i5ce is made ( j :at appe>s1 & :at appe>s is j su* adjectives4 ,h[ c ! "o exp]i5ce 9 its ?+-function be made ( !m1 consi/ ( !m1 c>ry !m z its own attributes1 :ile 9 its ?\ght-function x dis[ns !m & attributes !m else:]e4 ,!re is a self-contradiction "h f :i* ! radical dualism ( ?\ght & ?+ is ! only tru? t c save u4 ,only if ! ?\ght is "o k9d ( be+ c ! adjectives exi/ 9 x 'int5tionally' 7to use ! s*ola/ic t]m72 only if ! ?+ is ano!r k9d1 c !y exi/ 9 x con/itutively & en]getically4 ,no simple subject c take ! same adjectives & at "o "t be qualifi$ by x1 & at ano!r "t be m]ely '(' x1 z ( some?+ only meant or kn[n4 ,! solution insi/$ on by ?is objector1 l _m o!r common-s5se solutions1 gr[s ! less satisfactory ! m "o turns x 9 "o's m9d4 ,to beg9 )1 are ?\ght & ?+ z het]og5e\s z is commonly said8 ,no "o d5ies t !y h "s categories 9 common4 ,_! relations to "t are id5tical4 ,bo?1 moreov]1 may h p>ts 7= psy*ologi/s 9 g5]al treat ?\ghts z hav+ !m72 & bo? may be complex or simple4 ,bo? are ( k9ds1 c be comp>$1 add$ & subtract$ & arrang$ 9 s]ial ord]s4 ,all sorts ( adjectives qualify our ?\ghts :i* appe> incompatible ) consci\sness1 be+ z su* a b>e diaphaneity4 ,= in/ance1 !y are natural & easy1 or labori\s4 ,!y are beautiful1 happy1 int5se1 int]e/+1 wise1 idiotic1 focal1 m>g9al1 insipid1 confus$1 vague1 precise1 rational1 casual1 g5]al1 p>ticul>1 & _m ?+s besides4 ,moreov]1 ! *apt]s on ',p]ception' 9 ! psy*ology-books are full ( facts t make = ! ess5tial homog5eity ( ?\ght ) ?+4 ,h[1 if 'subject' & 'object' 7 sep>at$ 'by ! :ole diamet] ( be+1' & _h no attributes 9 common1 c\ld x be s h>d to tell1 9 a pres5t$ & recogniz$ mat]ial object1 :at "p comes 9 ?r\gh ! s5se-organs & :at "p comes 'out ( "o's own head'8 ,s5sations & app]ceptive ideas fuse "h s intimately t y c no m tell :]e "o beg9s & ! o!r ends1 ?an y c tell1 9 ^? cunn+ circul> panoramas t h lately be5 exhibit$1 :]e ! real =egr\nd & ! pa9t$ canvas jo9 toge!r4#bj ,desc>tes = ! fir/ "t def9$ ?\ght z ! absolutely unext5d$1 & lat] philosoph]s h accept$ ! description z correct4 ,b :at possible mean+ has x to say t1 :5 we ?9k ( a foot-rule or a squ>e y>d1 ext5sion is n attributable to our ?\ght8 ,( e ext5d$ object ! adequate m5tal picture mu/ h all ! ext5sion ( ! object itself4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 objective & subjective ext5sion is "o ( relation to a context solely4 ,9 ! m9d ! v>i\s ext5ts ma9ta9 no necess>ily /ubborn ord] relatively to ea* o!r1 :ile 9 ! physical _w !y b\nd ea* o!r /ably1 &1 add$ toge!r1 make ! great envelop+ ,unit :i* we believe 9 & call real ,space4 ,z 'out]1' !y c>ry !mselves adv]sely1 s to speak1 to "o ano!r1 exclude "o ano!r & ma9ta9 _! di/ances2 :ile1 z 'inn]1' _! ord] is loose1 & !y =m a dur*e9&] 9 :i* unity is lo/4#ba ,b to argue f ?is t inn] exp]i5ce is absolutely inext5sive seems to me little %ort ( absurd4 ,! two worlds diff]1 n by ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( ext5sion1 b by ! relations ( ! ext5sions :i* 9 bo? worlds exi/4 ,does n ?is case ( ext5sion n[ put u on ! track ( tru? 9 ! case ( o!r qualities8 ,x does2 & ,i am surpris$ t ! facts %\ld n h be5 notic$ long ago4 ,:y1 = example1 d we call a fire hot1 & wat] wet1 & yet refuse to say t our m5tal /ate1 :5 x is '(' ^! objects1 is ei!r wet or hot8 ',int5tionally1' at any rate1 & :5 ! m5tal /ate is a vivid image1 hotness & wetness are 9 x j z mu* z !y are 9 ! physical exp]i5ce4 ,! reason is ?is1 t1 z ! g5]al *aos ( all our exp]i5ces gets sift$1 we f9d t !re are "s fires t w always burn /icks & always w>m our bodies1 & t !re are "s wat]s t w always put out fires2 :ile !re are o!r fires & wat]s t w n act at all4 ,! g5]al gr\p ( exp]i5ces t act1 t d n only possess _! natures intr9sically1 b we> !m adjectively & en]getically1 turn+ !m aga9/ "o ano!r1 comes inevitably to be contra/$ ) ! gr\p ^: memb]s1 hav+ id5tically ! same natures1 fail to manife/ !m 9 ! 'en]getic' way4#bb ,i make = myself n[ an exp]i5ce ( blaz+ fire2 ,i place x ne> my body2 b x does n w>m me 9 ! lea/4 ,i lay a /ick ^u x1 & ! /ick ei!r burns or rema9s gre51 z ,i please4 ,i call up wat]1 & p\r x on ! fire1 & absolutely no diff]5ce ensues4 ,i acc\nt = all su* facts by call+ ?is :ole tra9 ( exp]i5ces unreal1 a m5tal tra94 ,m5tal fire is :at won't burn real /icks2 m5tal wat] is :at won't necess>ily 7?\gh ( c\rse x may7 put out ev5 a m5tal fire4 ,m5tal knives may be %>p1 b !y won't cut real wood4 ,m5tal triangles are po9t$1 b _! po9ts won't w\nd4 ,) 'real' objects1 on ! contr>y1 consequ5ces always accrue2 & ?us ! real exp]i5ces get sift$ f ! m5tal ones1 ! ?+s f our ?\ghts ( !m1 fanciful or true1 & precipitat$ toge!r z ! /able "p ( ! :ole exp]i5ce-*aos1 "u ! "n ( ! physical _w4 ,( ?is our p]ceptual exp]i5ces are ! nucleus1 !y be+ ! orig9ally /rong exp]i5ces4 ,we add a lot ( conceptual exp]i5ces to !m1 mak+ ^! /rong also 9 imag9ation1 & build+ out ! remot] p>ts ( ! physical _w by _! means2 & ar\nd ?is core ( reality ! _w ( laxly connect$ fancies & m]e rhapsodical objects floats l a bank ( cl\ds4 ,9 ! cl\ds1 all sorts ( rules are violat$ :i* 9 ! core are kept4 ,ext5sions !re c be indef9itely locat$2 motion !re obeys no ,newton's laws4 ,,vii ,!re is a peculi> class ( exp]i5ces to :i*1 :e!r we take !m z subjective or z objective1 we assign _! sev]al natures z attributes1 because 9 bo? contexts !y affect _! associates actively1 ?\gh 9 nei!r q z '/rongly' or z %>ply z ?+s affect "o ano!r by _! physical en]gies4 ,i ref] "h to appreciations1 :i* =m an ambigu\s sph]e ( be+1 belong+ ) emotion on ! "o h&1 & hav+ objective 'value' on ! o!r1 yet seem+ n q inn] nor q out]1 z if a diremption _h begun b _h n made itself complete4#bc ,exp]i5ces ( pa9ful objects1 = example1 are usually also pa9ful exp]i5ces2 p]ceptions ( lovel9ess1 ( ugl9ess1 t5d to pass mu/] z lovely or z ugly p]ceptions2 intuitions ( ! morally l(ty are l(ty intuitions4 ,sometimes ! adjective w&]s z if unc]ta9 :]e to fix itself4 ,%all we speak ( s$uctive visions or ( visions ( s$uctive ?+s8 ,( wick$ desires or ( desires = wick$ness8 ,( heal?y ?\ghts or ( ?\ghts ( heal?y objects8 ,( good impulses1 or ( impulses t[>ds ! good8 ,( feel+s ( ang]1 or ( angry feel+s8 ,bo? 9 ! m9d & 9 ! ?+1 ^! natures modify _! context1 exclude c]ta9 associates & det]m9e o!rs1 h _! mates & incompatibles4 ,yet n z /ubbornly z 9 ! case ( physical qualities1 = beauty & ugl9ess1 love & hatr$1 pleasant & pa9ful c1 9 c]ta9 complex exp]i5ces1 coexi/4 ,if "o 7 to make an evolution>y con/ruction ( h[ a lot ( orig9ally *aotic pure exp]i5ces became gradually diff]5tiat$ into an ord]ly inn] & out] _w1 ! :ole !ory w\ld turn ^u "o's success 9 expla9+ h[ or :y ! quality ( an exp]i5ce1 once active1 c\ld become less s1 &1 f be+ an en]getic attribute 9 "s cases1 else:]e lapse into ! /atus ( an in]t or m]ely int]nal 'nature4' ,?is w\ld be ! 'evolution' ( ! psy*ical f ! bosom ( ! physical1 9 :i* ! e/hetic1 moral & o!rwise emotional exp]i5ces w\ld repres5t a halfway /age4 ,,viii ,b a la/ cry ( non possumus w probably g up f _m read]s4 ,all v pretty z a piece ( +5uity1 !y w say1 b our consci\sness itself intuitively contradicts y4 ,we1 = our "p1 "k t we are consci\s4 ,we feel our ?\ght1 fl[+ z a life )9 u1 9 absolute contra/ ) ! objects :i* x s unremitt+ly escorts4 ,we c n be fai?less to ?is imm$iate intuition4 ,! dualism is a fundam5tal datum3 ,let no man jo9 :at ,god has put asund]4 ,my reply to ?is is my la/ ^w1 & ,i greatly grieve t to _m x w s\nd mat]iali/ic4 ,i c n help t1 h[ev]1 = ,i1 too1 h my intuitions & ,i mu/ obey !m4 ,let ! case be :at x may 9 o!rs1 ,i am z confid5t z ,i am ( any?+ t1 9 myself1 ! /ream ( ?9k+ 7:i* ,i recognize emphatically z a ph5om5on7 is only a c>eless "n = :at1 :5 scrut9iz$1 reveals itself to consi/ *iefly ( ! /ream ( my brea?+4 ,! ',i ?9k' :i* ,kant said mu/ be able to accompany all my objects1 is ! ',i brea!' :i* actually does accompany !m4 ,!re are o!r int]nal facts besides brea?+ 7intracephalic muscul> adju/m5ts1 etc41 ( :i* ,i h said a ^w 9 my l>g] ,psy*ology71 & ^! increase ! assets ( 'consci\sness1' s f> z ! latt] is subject to imm$iate p]ception2#bd b brea?1 :i* 0 ev] ! orig9al ( '_s1' brea? mov+ outw>ds1 betwe5 ! glottis & ! no/rils1 is1 ,i am p]suad$1 ! ess5ce out ( :i* philosoph]s h con/ruct$ ! entity kn[n to !m z consci\sness4 ,t entity is fictiti\s1 :ile ?\ghts 9 ! concrete are fully real4 ,b ?\ghts 9 ! concrete are made ( ! same /uff z ?+s are4 ,i wi% ,i might believe myself to h made t plausible 9 ?is article4 ,9 ano!r article ,i %all try to make ! g5]al notion ( a _w compos$ ( pure exp]i5ces /ill m cle>4 ,,footnotes3 #b ,repr9t$ f ! ,j\rnal ( ,philosophy1 ,psy*ology & ,sci5tific ,me?ods1 vol4 ,i1 ,no4 #ah1 ,septemb] #a1 #aijd4 ,= ! relation betwe5 ?is essay & ^? :i* foll[1 cf4 bel[1 pp4 #ec-ed4 ,,ed4 #c ,articles by ,baldw91 ,w>d1 ,bawd51 ,k+1 ,alex&] & o!rs4 ,dr4 ,p]ry is frankly ov] ! bord]4 #d ,simil>ly1 !re is no activity ( 'consci\sness' z su*4 ,see bel[1 pp4 #agj ff41 note4 ,,ed4 #e ,9 my ,psy*ology ,i h tri$ to %[ t we ne$ no kn[] o!r ?an ! 'pass+ ?\ght4' ,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology1 vol4 ,i1 pp4 #cch ff4 #f ,g4 ,e4 ,moore3 ,m9d1 vol4 ,,xii1 ,n4 ,s41 #aijc1 p4 #dej4 #g ,paul ,natorp3 ,e9leitung 9 die ,psy*ologie1 #ahhh1 pp4 #ad1 #aab4 #h ,figuratively speak+1 consci\sness may be said to be ! "o univ]sal solv5t1 or m5/ruum1 9 :i* ! diff]5t concrete k9ds ( psy*ic acts & facts are conta9$1 :e!r 9 conceal$ or 9 obvi\s =m4 ,g4 ,t4 ,ladd3 ,psy*ology1 ,descriptive & ,explanatory1 #ahid1 p4 #cj4 #i ,= a p>allel /atem5t ( ?is view1 cf4 ! au?or's ,mean+ ( ,tru?1 p4 #di1 note4 ,cf4 also bel[1 pp4 #aif-aig4 ,,ed4 #aj ,= ! au?or's recognition ( concepts z a co-ord9ate realm ( reality1 cf4 8 ,mean+ ( ,tru?1 pp4 #db1 #aie1 note2 ,a ,plurali/ic ,univ]se1 pp4 #cci-cdj2 ,"s ,problems ( ,philosophy1 pp4 #ej-eg1 #fg-gj2 & bel[1 p4 #af1 note4 ,giv+ ?is view ! "n 'logical realism1' he rem>ks else:]e t 8 philosophy may be reg>d$ z some:at ecc5tric 9 its attempt to comb9e logical realism ) an o!rwise empirici/ mode ( ?\ght 7,"s ,problems ( ,philosophy1 p4 #ajf74 ,,ed4 #aa ,"h z else:]e ! relations are ( c\rse exp]i5c$ relations1 memb]s ( ! same orig9ally *aotic manifold ( non-p]ceptual exp]i5ce ( :i* ! relat$ t]ms !mselves are p>ts4 ,cf4 bel[1 p4 #db4 #ab ,( ! repres5tative function ( non-p]ceptual exp]i5ce z a :ole1 ,i w say a ^w 9 a subsequ5t article3 x leads too f> into ! g5]al !ory ( k = mu* to be said ab\t x 9 a %ort pap] l ?is4 ,cf4 bel[1 pp4 #eb ff4 #ac ,mn/]b]g3 ,grundzge d] ,psy*ologie1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #dh4 #ad ,cf4 ,a4 ,l4 ,hodd]3 ,! ,adv]s>ies ( ! ,sceptic1 pp4 #id-ii4 #ae ,= simplicity's sake ,i conf9e my exposition to 'ext]nal' reality4 ,b !re is also ! sy/em ( ideal reality 9 :i* ! room plays its "p4 ,relations ( comp>ison1 ( classification1 s]ial ord]1 value1 also are /ubborn1 assign a def9ite place to ! room1 unlike ! incoh]5ce ( its places 9 ! m]e rhapsody ( our successive ?\ghts4 ,cf4 above1 p4 #af4 #af ,note ! ambiguity ( ?is t]m1 :i* is tak5 sometimes objectively & sometimes subjectively4 #ag ,9 ! ,psy*ological ,review = ,july #aijd1 ,dr4 ,r4 ,b4 ,p]ry has publi%$ a view ( ,consci\sness :i* comes ne>] to m9e ?an any o!r ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$4 ,at pres5t1 ,dr4 ,p]ry ?9ks1 e field ( exp]i5ce is s mu* 'fact4' ,x becomes 'op9ion' or '?\ght' only 9 retrospection1 :5 a fre% exp]i5ce1 ?9k+ ! same object1 alt]s & corrects x4 ,b ! corrective exp]i5ce becomes itself 9 turn correct$1 & ?us exp]i5ce z a :ole is a process 9 :i* :at is objective orig9ally =ev] turns subjective1 turns into our appreh5sion ( ! object4 ,i /rongly recomm5d ,dr4 ,p]ry's admirable article to my read]s4 #ah ,i h giv5 a p>tial acc\nt ( ! matt] 9 ,m9d1 vol4 ,x1 p4 #bg1 #ahhe repr9t$ 9 ,! ,mean+ ( ,tru?1 pp4 #a-db1 & 9 ! ,psy*ological ,review1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #aje1 #ahie p>tly repr9t$ 9 ,! ,mean+ ( ,tru?1 pp4 #dc-ej4 ,see also ,c4 ,a4 ,/rong's article 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,philosophy1 ,psy*ology & ,sci5tific ,me?ods1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #bec1 ,may #ab1 #aijd4 ,i hope myself v soon to recur to ! matt]4 ,see bel[1 pp4 #eb ff4 #ai ,cf4 ,%adwor? ,hodgson3 ,! ,metaphysic ( ,exp]i5ce1 vol4 ,i4 passim2 ,! ,philosophy ( ,reflection1 bk4 ,,ii1 *4 ,,iv1 #c4 ,,ed4 #bj ,sp5c]'s pro( ( 8 ',transfigur$ ,realism' 78 doctr9e t !re is an absolutely non-m5tal reality7 comes to m9d z a spl5did in/ance ( ! impossibility ( e/abli%+ radical het]og5eity betwe5 ?\ght & ?+4 ,all 8 pa9fully accumulat$ po9ts ( diff]5ce run gradually into _! opposites1 & are full ( exceptions4 ,cf4 ,sp5c]3 ,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology1 "p ,,vii1 *4 ,,xix4 #ba ,i speak "h ( ! complete inn] life 9 :i* ! m9d plays freely ) its mat]ials4 ,( c\rse ! m9d's free play is re/rict$ :5 x seeks to copy real ?+s 9 real space4 #bb ,b !re are also m5tal activity tra9s1 9 :i* ?\ghts d "w on ea* o!r4 ,cf4 bel[1 p4 #ahd1 note4 ,,ed4 #bc ,?is topic is resum$ bel[1 pp4 #acg ff4 ,,ed4 #bd ,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology1 vol4 ,i1 pp4 #bii-cje4 ,cf4 bel[1 pp4 #afi-aga 7note74 ,,ii ,a ,,_w ,,( ,,pure ,,exp]i5ce#be ,x is difficult n to notice a curi\s unre/ 9 ! philosophic atmosph]e ( ! "t1 a loos5+ ( old l&m>ks1 a s(t5+ ( oppositions1 a mutual borr[+ f "o ano!r on ! "p ( sy/ems anci5tly clos$1 & an int]e/ 9 new sugge/ions1 h[ev] vague1 z if ! "o ?+ sure 7 ! inadequacy ( ! extant s*ool-solutions4 ,! dissatisfaction ) ^! seems due = ! mo/ "p to a feel+ t !y are too ab/ract & academic4 ,life is confus$ & sup]abundant1 & :at ! y\ng] g5]ation appe>s to crave is m ( ! temp]am5t ( life 9 its philosophy1 ev5 ?\gh x 7 at "s co/ ( logical rigor & ( =mal purity4 ,transc5d5tal idealism is incl9+ to let ! _w wag incompreh5sibly1 9 spite ( its ,absolute ,subject & 8 unity ( purpose4 ,b]keleyan idealism is ab&on+ ! pr9ciple ( p>simony & dabbl+ 9 panpsy*ic speculations4 ,empiricism flirts ) teleology2 &1 /range/ ( all1 natural realism1 s long dec5tly buri$1 raises its head above ! turf1 & f9ds glad h&s out/ret*$ f ! mo/ unlikely qu>t]s to help x to its feet aga94 ,we are all bias$ by our p]sonal feel+s1 ,i "k1 & ,i am p]sonally discont5t$ ) extant solutions2 s ,i seem to read ! signs ( a great unsettlem5t1 z if ! upheaval ( m real conceptions & m fruitful me?ods 7 imm95t1 z if a true l&scape might result1 less clipp$1 /raight-edg$ & artificial4 ,if philosophy be really on ! eve ( any consid]able re>rangem5t1 ! "t %\ld be propiti\s = any "o :o has sugge/ions ( 8 own to br+ =w>d4 ,= _m ye>s pa/ my m9d has be5 gr[+ into a c]ta9 type ( ,weltans*auung4 ,rightly or wrongly1 ,i h got to ! po9t :]e ,i c h>dly see ?+s 9 any o!r patt]n4 ,i propose1 !re=e1 to describe ! patt]n z cle>ly z ,i c consi/5tly ) great brevity1 & to ?r[ my description into ! bubbl+ vat ( publicity :]e1 jo/l$ by rivals & torn by critics1 x w ev5tually ei!r disappe> f notice1 or else1 if bett] luck befall x1 quietly subside to ! pr(undities1 & s]ve z a possible f]m5t ( new gr[?s or a nucleus ( new cry/allization4 ,i4 ,,radical ,,empiricism ,i give ! "n ( 'radical empiricism' to my ,weltans*auung4 ,empiricism is kn[n z ! opposite ( rationalism4 ,rationalism t5ds to emphasize univ]sals & to make :oles prior to p>ts 9 ! ord] ( logic z well z 9 t ( be+4 ,empiricism1 on ! contr>y1 lays ! explanatory /ress ^u ! "p1 ! elem5t1 ! individual1 & treats ! :ole z a collection & ! univ]sal z an ab/raction4 ,my description ( ?+s1 accord+ly1 />ts ) ! p>ts & makes ( ! :ole a be+ ( ! second ord]4 ,x is ess5tially a mosaic philosophy1 a philosophy ( plural facts1 l t ( ,hume & 8 desc5dants1 :o ref] ^! facts nei!r to ,sub/ances 9 :i* !y inh]e nor to an ,absolute ,m9d t creates !m z its objects4 ,b x diff]s f ! ,humian type ( empiricism 9 "o p>ticul> :i* makes me add ! epi!t radical4 ,to be radical1 an empiricism mu/ nei!r admit into its con/ructions any elem5t t is n directly exp]i5c$1 nor exclude f !m any elem5t t is directly exp]i5c$4 ,= su* a philosophy1 ! relations t connect exp]i5ces mu/ !mselves be exp]i5c$ relations1 & any k9d ( relation exp]i5c$ mu/ be acc\nt$ z 'real' z any?+ else 9 ! sy/em4 ,elem5ts may inde$ be r$i/ribut$1 ! orig9al plac+ ( ?+s gett+ correct$1 b a real place mu/ be f\nd = e k9d ( ?+ exp]i5c$1 :e!r t]m or relation1 9 ! f9al philosophic arrangem5t4 ,n[1 ord9>y empiricism1 9 spite ( ! fact t conjunctive & disjunctive relations pres5t !mselves z be+ fully co-ord9ate p>ts ( exp]i5ce1 has always %[n a t5d5cy to d away ) ! connections ( ?+s1 & to insi/ mo/ on ! disjunctions4 ,b]keley's nom9alism1 ,hume's /atem5t t :atev] ?+s we di/+ui% are z 'loose & sep>ate' z if !y _h 'no mann] ( connection1' ,james ,mill's d5ial t simil>s h any?+ 'really' 9 common1 ! resolution ( ! causal tie into habitual sequ5ce1 ,john ,mill's acc\nt ( bo? physical ?+s & selves z compos$ ( discont9u\s possibilities1 & ! g5]al pulv]ization ( all ,exp]i5ce by association & ! m9d-du/ !ory1 are examples ( :at ,i mean4#bf ,! natural result ( su* a _w-picture has be5 ! ef=ts ( rationalism to correct its incoh]5cies by ! addition ( trans-exp]i5tial ag5ts ( unification1 sub/ances1 intellectual categories & p[]s1 or ,selves2 :]eas1 if empiricism _h only be5 radical & tak5 ev]y?+ t comes )\t disfavor1 conjunction z well z sep>ation1 ea* at its face value1 ! results w\ld h call$ = no su* artificial correction4 ,radical empiricism1 z ,i und]/& x1 does full ju/ice to conjunctive relations1 )\t1 h[ev]1 treat+ !m z rationalism always t5ds to treat !m1 z be+ true 9 "s sup]nal way1 z if ! unity ( ?+s & _! v>iety belong$ to diff]5t ord]s ( tru? & vitality altoge!r4 ,,ii4 ,,conjunctive ,,relations ,relations are ( diff]5t degrees ( intimacy4 ,m]ely to be ')' "o ano!r 9 a univ]se ( disc\rse is ! mo/ ext]nal relation t t]ms c h1 & seems to involve no?+ :atev] z to f>!r consequ5ces4 ,simultaneity & "t-int]val come next1 & !n space-adjac5cy & di/ance4 ,aft] !m1 simil>ity & diff]5ce1 c>ry+ ! possibility ( _m inf]5ces4 ,!n relations ( activity1 ty+ t]ms into s]ies involv+ *ange1 t5d5cy1 resi/ance1 & ! causal ord] g5]ally4 ,f9ally1 ! relation exp]i5c$ betwe5 t]ms t =m /ates ( m9d1 & are imm$iately consci\s ( cont9u+ ea* o!r4 ,! organization ( ! ,self z a sy/em ( memories1 purposes1 /riv+s1 fulfilm5ts or disappo9tm5ts1 is incid5tal to ?is mo/ intimate ( all relations1 ! t]ms ( :i* seem 9 _m cases actually to comp5etrate & suffuse ea* o!r's be+4#bg ,philosophy has always turn$ on grammatical p>ticles4 ,)1 ne>1 next1 l1 f1 t[>ds1 aga9/1 because1 =1 ?r\gh1 my--^! words designate types ( conjunctive relation arrang$ 9 a r\ghly asc5d+ ord] ( intimacy & inclusiv5ess4 ,a priori1 we c imag9e a univ]se ( )ness b no nextness2 or "o ( nextness b no lik5ess1 or ( lik5ess ) no activity1 or ( activity ) no purpose1 or ( purpose ) no ego4 ,^! w\ld be univ]ses1 ea* ) its own grade ( unity4 ,! univ]se ( human exp]i5ce is1 by "o or ano!r ( its p>ts1 ( ea* & all ^! grades4 ,:e!r or n x possibly enjoys "s /ill m absolute grade ( union does n appe> ^u ! surface4 ,tak5 z x does appe>1 our univ]se is to a l>ge ext5t *aotic4 ,no "o s+le type ( connection runs ?r\gh all ! exp]i5ces t compose x4 ,if we take space-relations1 !y fail to connect m9ds into any regul> sy/em4 ,causes & purposes obta9 only among special s]ies ( facts4 ,! self-relation seems extremely limit$ & does n l9k two diff]5t selves toge!r4 ,prima facie1 if y %\ld lik5 ! univ]se ( absolute idealism to an aqu>ium1 a cry/al globe 9 :i* goldfi% are swimm+1 y w\ld h to comp>e ! empirici/ univ]se to some?+ m l "o ( ^? dri$ human heads ) :i* ! ,dyaks ( ,borneo deck _! lodges4 ,! skull =ms a solid nucleus2 b innum]able fea!rs1 leaves1 /r+s1 beads1 & loose app5dices ( e description float & dangle f x1 &1 save t !y t]m9ate 9 x1 seem to h no?+ to d ) "o ano!r4 ,ev5 s my exp]i5ces & y\rs float & dangle1 t]m9at+1 x is true1 9 a nucleus ( common p]ception1 b = ! mo/ "p out ( sight & irrelevant & unimag9able to "o ano!r4 ,?is imp]fect intimacy1 ?is b>e relation ( )ness betwe5 "s p>ts ( ! sum total ( exp]i5ce & o!r p>ts1 is ! fact t ord9>y empiricism ov]-emphasizes aga9/ rationalism1 ! latt] always t5d+ to ignore x unduly4 ,radical empiricism1 on ! contr>y1 is fair to bo? ! unity & ! disconnection4 ,x f9ds no reason = treat+ ei!r z illusory4 ,x allots to ea* its def9ite sph]e ( description1 & agrees t !re appe> to be actual =ces at "w :i* t5d1 z "t goes on1 to make ! unity great]4 ,! conjunctive relation t has giv5 mo/ tr\ble to philosophy is ! co-consci\s transition1 s to call x1 by :i* "o exp]i5ce passes into ano!r :5 bo? belong to ! same self4 ,ab\t ! facts !re is no "q4 ,my exp]i5ces & y\r exp]i5ces are ')' ea* o!r 9 v>i\s ext]nal ways1 b m9e pass into m9e1 & y\rs pass into y\rs 9 a way 9 :i* y\rs & m9e nev] pass into "o ano!r4 ,)9 ea* ( our p]sonal hi/ories1 subject1 object1 int]e/ & purpose are cont9u\s or may be cont9u\s4#bh ,p]sonal hi/ories are processes ( *ange 9 "t1 & ! *ange itself is "o ( ! ?+s imm$iately exp]i5c$4 ',*ange' 9 ?is case means cont9u\s z oppos$ to discont9u\s transition4 ,b cont9u\s transition is "o sort ( a conjunctive relation2 & to be a radical empirici/ means to hold fa/ to ?is conjunctive relation ( all o!rs1 = ?is is ! /rategic po9t1 ! position ?r\gh :i*1 if a hole be made1 all ! corruptions ( dialectics & all ! metaphysical fictions p\r into our philosophy4 ,! hold+ fa/ to ?is relation means tak+ x at its face value1 nei!r less nor m2 & to take x at its face value means fir/ ( all to take x j z we feel x1 & n to confuse ourselves ) ab/ract talk ab\t x1 involv+ words t drive u to inv5t second>y conceptions 9 ord] to neutralize _! sugge/ions & to make our actual exp]i5ce aga9 seem rationally possible4 ,:at ,i d feel simply :5 a lat] mom5t ( my exp]i5ce succe$s an e>li] "o is t ?\gh !y are two mom5ts1 ! transition f ! "o to ! o!r is cont9u\s4 ,cont9uity "h is a def9ite sort ( exp]i5ce2 j z def9ite z is ! discont9uity-exp]i5ce :i* ,i f9d x impossible to avoid :5 ,i seek to make ! transition f an exp]i5ce ( my own to "o ( y\rs4 ,9 ?is latt] case ,i h to get on & (f aga91 to pass f a ?+ liv$ to ano!r ?+ only conceiv$1 & ! break is positively exp]i5c$ & not$4 ,?\gh ! functions ex]t$ by my exp]i5ce & by y\rs may be ! same 7e4g41 ! same objects kn[n & ! same purposes foll[$71 yet ! sam5ess has 9 ?is case to be asc]ta9$ expressly 7& (t5 ) difficulty & unc]ta9ty7 aft] ! break has be5 felt2 :]eas 9 pass+ f "o ( my own mom5ts to ano!r ! sam5ess ( object & int]e/ is unbrok51 & bo? ! e>li] & ! lat] exp]i5ce are ( ?+s directly liv$4 ,!re is no o!r nature1 no o!r :atness ?an ?is abs5ce ( break & ?is s5se ( cont9uity 9 t mo/ intimate ( all conjunctive relations1 ! pass+ ( "o exp]i5ce into ano!r :5 !y belong to ! same self4 ,& ?is :atness is real empirical 'cont5t1' j z ! :atness ( sep>ation & discont9uity is real cont5t 9 ! contra/$ case4 ,practically to exp]i5ce "o's p]sonal cont9uum 9 ?is liv+ way is to "k ! orig9als ( ! ideas ( cont9uity & ( sam5ess1 to "k :at ! words /& = concretely1 to own all t !y c ev] mean4 ,b all exp]i5ces h _! conditions2 & ov]-subtle intellects1 ?9k+ ab\t ! facts "h1 & ask+ h[ !y are possible1 h end$ by sub/itut+ a lot ( /atic objects ( conception = ! direct p]ceptual exp]i5ces4 ,sam5ess1 !y h said1 mu/ be a />k num]ical id5tity2 x c't run on f next to next4 ,cont9uity c't mean m]e abs5ce ( gap2 = if y say two ?+s are 9 imm$iate contact1 at ! contact h[ c !y be two8 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 y put a relation ( transition betwe5 !m1 t itself is a ?ird ?+1 & ne$s to be relat$ or hit*$ to its t]ms4 ,an inf9ite s]ies is involv$1 & s on4 ,! result is t f difficulty to difficulty1 ! pla9 conjunctive exp]i5ce has be5 discr$it$ by bo? s*ools1 ! empirici/s leav+ ?+s p]man5tly disjo9$1 & ! rationali/ rem$y+ ! loos5ess by _! ,absolutes or ,sub/ances1 or :atev] o!r fictiti\s ag5cies ( union !y may h employ$4#bi ,f all :i* artificiality we c be sav$ by a c\ple ( simple reflections3 fir/1 t conjunctions & sep>ations are1 at all ev5ts1 co-ord9ate ph5om5a :i*1 if we take exp]i5ces at _! face value1 mu/ be acc\nt$ equally real2 & second1 t if we insi/ on treat+ ?+s z really sep>ate :5 !y are giv5 z cont9u\sly jo9$1 invok+1 :5 union is requir$1 transc5d5tal pr9ciples to ov]come ! sep>at5ess we h assum$1 !n we ought to /& ready to p]=m ! conv]se act4 ,we ought to invoke high] pr9ciples ( disunion1 also1 to make our m]ely exp]i5c$ disjunctions m truly real4 ,fail+ ?us1 we ought to let ! orig9ally giv5 cont9uities /& on _! own bottom4 ,we h no "r to be lopsid$ or to bl[ caprici\sly hot & cold4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,cognitive ,,relation ,! fir/ great pitfall f :i* su* a radical /&+ by exp]i5ce w save u is an artificial conception ( ! relations betwe5 kn[] & kn[n4 ,?r\gh\t ! hi/ory ( philosophy ! subject & its object h be5 treat$ z absolutely discont9u\s entities2 & !reupon ! pres5ce ( ! latt] to ! =m]1 or ! 'appreh5sion' by ! =m] ( ! latt]1 has assum$ a p>adoxical "* :i* all sorts ( !ories _h to be inv5t$ to ov]come4 ,repres5tative !ories put a m5tal 'repres5tation1' 'image1' or 'cont5t' into ! gap1 z a sort ( int]m$i>y4 ,common-s5se !ories left ! gap unt\*$1 decl>+ our m9d able to cle> x by a self-transc5d+ leap4 ,transc5d5tali/ !ories left x impossible to trav]se by f9ite kn[]s1 & br\ght an ,absolute 9 to p]=m ! saltatory act4 ,all ! :ile1 9 ! v bosom ( ! f9ite exp]i5ce1 e conjunction requir$ to make ! relation intelligible is giv5 9 full4 ,ei!r ! kn[] & ! kn[n are3 7#a7 ! self-same piece ( exp]i5ce tak5 twice ov] 9 diff]5t contexts2 or !y are 7#b7 two pieces ( actual exp]i5ce belong+ to ! same subject1 ) def9ite tracts ( conjunctive transitional exp]i5ce betwe5 !m2 or 7#c7 ! kn[n is a possible exp]i5ce ei!r ( t subject or ano!r1 to :i* ! said conjunctive transitions w\ld lead1 if suffici5tly prolong$4 ,to discuss all ! ways 9 :i* "o exp]i5ce may function z ! kn[] ( ano!r1 w\ld be incompatible ) ! limits ( ?is essay4#cj ,i h j treat$ ( type #a1 ! k9d ( k call$ p]ception4#ca ,?is is ! type ( case 9 :i* ! m9d enjoys direct 'acqua9tance' ) a pres5t object4 ,9 ! o!r types ! m9d has 'k-ab\t' an object n imm$iately !re4 ,( type #b1 ! simple/ sort ( conceptual k1 ,i h giv5 "s acc\nt 9 two e>li] articles4#cb ,type #c c always =mally & hypo!tically be r$uc$ to type #b1 s t a brief description ( t type w put ! pres5t read] suffici5tly at my po9t ( view1 & make him see :at ! actual mean+s ( ! my/]i\s cognitive relation may be4 ,suppose me to be sitt+ "h 9 my libr>y at ,cambridge1 at t5 m9utes' walk f ',memorial ,hall1' & to be ?9k+ truly ( ! latt] object4 ,my m9d may h be=e x only ! "n1 or x may h a cle> image1 or x may h a v dim image ( ! hall1 b su* intr9sic diff]5ces 9 ! image make no diff]5ce 9 its cognitive function4 ,c]ta9 extr9sic ph5om5a1 special exp]i5ces ( conjunction1 are :at imp>t to ! image1 be x :at x may1 its kn[+ (fice4 ,= in/ance1 if y ask me :at hall ,i mean by my image1 & ,i c tell y no?+2 or if ,i fail to po9t or lead y t[>ds ! ,h>v>d ,delta2 or if1 be+ l$ by y1 ,i am unc]ta9 :e!r ! ,hall ,i see be :at ,i _h 9 m9d or n2 y w\ld rightly d5y t ,i _h 'meant' t p>ticul> hall at all1 ev5 ?\gh my m5tal image might to "s degree h resembl$ x4 ,! resemblance w\ld c\nt 9 t case z co9cid5tal m]ely1 = all sorts ( ?+s ( a k9d resemble "o ano!r 9 ?is _w )\t be+ held = t reason to take cognizance ( "o ano!r4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ,i c lead y to ! hall1 & tell y ( its hi/ory & pres5t uses2 if 9 its pres5ce ,i feel my idea1 h[ev] imp]fect x may h be51 to h l$ hi!r & to be n[ t]m9at$2 if ! associates ( ! image & ( ! felt hall run p>allel1 s t ea* t]m ( ! "o context corresponds s]ially1 z ,i walk1 ) an answ]+ t]m ( ! o!rs2 :y !n my s\l 0 prophetic1 & my idea mu/ be1 & by common cons5t w\ld be1 call$ cognizant ( reality4 ,t p]cept 0 :at ,i meant1 = into x my idea has pass$ by conjunctive exp]i5ces ( sam5ess & fulfill$ int5tion4 ,n[h]e is !re j>1 b e lat] mom5t cont9ues & corroborates an e>li] "o4 ,9 ?is cont9u+ & corroborat+1 tak5 9 no transc5d5tal s5se1 b d5ot+ def9itely felt transitions1 lies all t ! kn[+ ( a p]cept by an idea c possibly conta9 or signify4 ,:]ev] su* transitions are felt1 ! fir/ exp]i5ce kn[s ! la/ "o4 ,:]e !y d n1 or :]e ev5 z possibles !y c n1 int]v5e1 !re c be no pret5ce ( kn[+4 ,9 ?is latt] case ! extremes w be connect$1 if connect$ at all1 by inf]ior relations--b>e lik5ess or succession1 or by ')ness' alone4 ,k ( s5sible realities ?us comes to life inside ! tissue ( exp]i5ce4 ,x is made2 & made by relations t unroll !mselves 9 "t4 ,:5ev] c]ta9 int]m$i>ies are giv51 su* t1 z !y develop t[>ds _! t]m9us1 !re is exp]i5ce f po9t to po9t ( "o direction foll[$1 & f9ally ( "o process fulfill$1 ! result is t _! />t+-po9t !reby becomes a kn[] & _! t]m9us an object meant or kn[n4 ,t is all t kn[+ 79 ! simple case consid]$7 c be kn[n-z1 t is ! :ole ( its nature1 put into exp]i5tial t]ms4 ,:5ev] su* is ! sequ5ce ( our exp]i5ces we may freely say t we _h ! t]m9al object '9 m9d' f ! outset1 ev5 al?\gh at ! outset no?+ 0 !re 9 u b a flat piece ( sub/antive exp]i5ce l any o!r1 ) no self-transc5d5cy ab\t x1 & no my/]y save ! my/]y ( com+ into exi/5ce & ( be+ gradually foll[$ by o!r pieces ( sub/antive exp]i5ce1 ) conjunctively transitional exp]i5ces betwe54 ,t is :at we mean "h by ! object's be+ '9 m9d4' ,( any deep] m real way ( be+ 9 m9d we h no positive conception1 & we h no "r to discr$it our actual exp]i5ce by talk+ ( su* a way at all4 ,i "k t _m a read] w rebel at ?is4 ,m]e int]m$i>ies1 he w say1 ev5 ?\gh !y be feel+s ( cont9u\sly gr[+ fulfilm5t1 only sep>ate ! kn[] f ! kn[n1 :]eas :at we h 9 k is a k9d ( imm$iate t\* ( ! "o by ! o!r1 an 'appreh5sion' 9 ! etymological s5se ( ! ^w1 a leap+ ( ! *asm z by lightn+1 an act by :i* two t]ms are smitt5 into "o1 ov] ! head ( _! di/9ctness4 ,all ^! dead int]m$i>ies ( y\rs are out ( ea* o!r1 & outside ( _! t]m9i /ill4 ,b d n su* dialectic difficulties rem9d u ( ! dog dropp+ 8 bone & snapp+ at its image 9 ! wat]8 ,if we knew any m real k9d ( union aliunde1 we might be entitl$ to br& all our empirical unions z a %am4 ,b unions by cont9u\s transition are ! only ones we "k (1 :e!r 9 ?is matt] ( a k-ab\t t t]m9ates 9 an acqua9tance1 :e!r 9 p]sonal id5tity1 9 logical pr$ication ?r\gh ! copula 'is1' or else:]e4 ,if any:]e !re 7 m absolute unions realiz$1 !y c\ld only reveal !mselves to u by j su* conjunctive results4 ,^! are :at ! unions are wor?1 ^! are all t we c ev] practically mean by union1 by cont9uity4 ,is x n "t to repeat :at ,lotze said ( sub/ances1 t to act l "o is to be "o8#cc ,%\ld we n say "h t to be exp]i5c$ z cont9u\s is to be really cont9u\s1 9 a _w :]e exp]i5ce & reality come to ! same ?+8 ,9 a picture gall]y a pa9t$ hook w s]ve to hang a pa9t$ *a9 by1 a pa9t$ cable w hold a pa9t$ %ip4 ,9 a _w :]e bo? ! t]ms & _! di/9ctions are affairs ( exp]i5ce1 conjunctions t are exp]i5c$ mu/ be at lea/ z real z any?+ else4 ,!y w be' absolutely' real conjunctions1 if we h no transph5om5al ,absolute ready1 to d]ealize ! :ole exp]i5c$ _w by1 at a /roke4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 we _h su* an ,absolute1 n "o ( our oppon5ts' !ories ( k c\ld rema9 /&+ any bett] ?an ours c\ld2 = ! di/9ctions z well z ! conjunctions ( exp]i5ce w\ld imp>tially fall its prey4 ,! :ole "q ( h[ '"o' ?+ c "k 'ano!r' w\ld cease to be a real "o at all 9 a _w :]e o!rness itself 0 an illusion4#cd ,s mu* = ! ess5tials ( ! cognitive relation1 :]e ! k is conceptual 9 type1 or =ms k 'ab\t' an object4 ,x consi/s 9 int]m$i>y exp]i5ces 7possible1 if n actual7 ( cont9u\sly develop+ progress1 &1 f9ally1 ( fulfilm5t1 :5 ! s5sible p]cept1 :i* is ! object1 is rea*$4 ,! p]cept "h n only v]ifies ! concept1 proves its function ( kn[+ t p]cept to be true1 b ! p]cept's exi/5ce z ! t]m9us ( ! *a9 ( int]m$i>ies creates ! function4 ,:atev] t]m9ates t *a9 01 because x n[ proves itself to be1 :at ! concept '_h 9 m9d4' ,! t[]+ importance = human life ( ?is k9d ( kn[+ lies 9 ! fact t an exp]i5ce t kn[s ano!r c figure z its repres5tative1 n 9 any quasi-miracul\s 'epi/emological' s5se1 b 9 ! def9ite practical s5se ( be+ its sub/itute 9 v>i\s op]ations1 sometimes physical & sometimes m5tal1 :i* lead u to its associates & results4 ,by exp]im5t+ on our ideas ( reality1 we may save ourselves ! tr\ble ( exp]im5t+ on ! real exp]i5ces :i* !y sev]ally mean4 ,! ideas =m relat$ sy/ems1 correspond+ po9t = po9t to ! sy/ems :i* ! realities =m2 & by lett+ an ideal t]m call up its associates sy/ematically1 we may be l$ to a t]m9us :i* ! correspond+ real t]m w\ld h l$ to 9 case we _h op]at$ on ! real _w4 ,& ?is br+s u to ! g5]al "q ( sub/itution4 ,,iv4 ,,sub/itution ,9 ,ta9e's brilliant book on ',intellig5ce1' sub/itution 0 = ! fir/ "t nam$ z a c>d9al logical function1 ?\gh ( c\rse ! facts _h always be5 famili> en\gh4 ,:at1 exactly1 9 a sy/em ( exp]i5ces1 does ! 'sub/itution' ( "o ( !m = ano!r mean8 ,accord+ to my view1 exp]i5ce z a :ole is a process 9 "t1 :]eby innum]able p>ticul> t]ms lapse & are sup]s$$ by o!rs t foll[ ^u !m by transitions :i*1 :e!r disjunctive or conjunctive 9 cont5t1 are !mselves exp]i5ces1 & mu/ 9 g5]al be acc\nt$ at lea/ z real z ! t]ms :i* !y relate4 ,:at ! nature ( ! ev5t call$ 'sup]s$+' signifies1 dep5ds altoge!r on ! k9d ( transition t obta9s4 ,"s exp]i5ces simply aboli% _! pr$ecessors )\t cont9u+ !m 9 any way4 ,o!rs are felt to increase or to enl>ge _! mean+1 to c>ry out _! purpose1 or to br+ u ne>] to _! goal4 ,!y 'repres5t' !m1 & may fulfil _! function bett] ?an !y fulfill$ x !mselves4 ,b to 'fulfil a function' 9 a _w ( pure exp]i5ce c be conceiv$ & def9$ 9 only "o possible way4 ,9 su* a _w transitions & arrivals 7or t]m9ations7 are ! only ev5ts t happ51 ?\gh !y happ5 by s _m sorts ( pa?4 ,! only function t "o exp]i5ce c p]=m is to lead into ano!r exp]i5ce2 & ! only fulfilm5t we c speak ( is ! rea*+ ( a c]ta9 exp]i5c$ end4 ,:5 "o exp]i5ce leads to 7or c lead to7 ! same end z ano!r1 !y agree 9 function4 ,b ! :ole sy/em ( exp]i5ces z !y are imm$iately giv5 pres5ts itself z a quasi-*aos ?r\gh :i* "o c pass out ( an initial t]m 9 _m directions & yet end 9 ! same t]m9us1 mov+ f next to next by a great _m possible pa?s4 ,ei!r "o ( ^! pa?s might be a functional sub/itute = ano!r1 & to foll[ "o r ?an ano!r might on occasion be an advantage\s ?+ to d4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 & 9 a g5]al way1 ! pa?s t run ?r\gh conceptual exp]i5ces1 t is1 ?r\gh '?\ghts' or 'ideas' t '"k' ! ?+s 9 :i* !y t]m9ate1 are highly advantage\s pa?s to foll[4 ,n only d !y yield inconceivably rapid transitions2 b1 ow+ to ! 'univ]sal' "*#ce :i* !y frequ5tly possess1 & to _! capacity = association ) "o ano!r 9 great sy/ems1 !y out/rip ! t>dy consecutions ( ! ?+s !mselves1 & sweep u on t[>ds our ultimate t]m9i 9 a f> m labor-sav+ way ?an ! foll[+ ( tra9s ( s5sible p]ception ev] c\ld4 ,wond]ful are ! new cuts & ! %ort-circuits :i* ! ?\ght-pa?s make4 ,mo/ ?\ght-pa?s1 x is true1 are sub/itutes = no?+ actual2 !y end outside ! real _w altoge!r1 9 wayw>d fancies1 utopias1 fictions or mi/akes4 ,b :]e !y d re-ent] reality & t]m9ate !re91 we sub/itute !m always2 & ) ^! sub/itutes we pass ! great] numb] ( our h\rs4 ,?is is :y ,i call$ our exp]i5ces1 tak5 all toge!r1 a quasi-*aos4 ,!re is va/ly m discont9uity 9 ! sum total ( exp]i5ces ?an we commonly suppose4 ,! objective nucleus ( e man's exp]i5ce1 8 own body1 is1 x is true1 a cont9u\s p]cept2 & equally cont9u\s z a p]cept 7?\gh we may be inatt5tive to x7 is ! mat]ial environm5t ( t body1 *ang+ by gradual transition :5 ! body moves4 ,b ! di/ant p>ts ( ! physical _w are at all times abs5t f u1 & =m conceptual objects m]ely1 into ! p]ceptual reality ( :i* our life ins]ts itself at po9ts discrete & relatively r>e4 ,r\nd _! sev]al objective nuclei1 p>tly %>$ & common & p>tly discrete1 ( ! real physical _w1 innum]able ?9k]s1 pursu+ _! sev]al l9es ( physically true cogitation1 trace pa?s t int]sect "o ano!r only at discont9u\s p]ceptual po9ts1 & ! re/ ( ! "t are q incongru5t2 & ar\nd all ! nuclei ( %>$ 'reality1' z ar\nd ! ,dyak's head ( my late metaphor1 floats ! va/ cl\d ( exp]i5ces t are :olly subjective1 t are non-sub/itutional1 t f9d n ev5 an ev5tual end+ = !mselves 9 ! p]ceptual _w--! m]e day-dreams & joys & suff]+s & wi%es ( ! individual m9ds4 ,^! exi/ ) "o ano!r1 inde$1 & ) ! objective nuclei1 b out ( !m x is probable t to all et]nity no int]relat$ sy/em ( any k9d w ev] be made4 ,?is notion ( ! purely sub/itutional or conceptual physical _w br+s u to ! mo/ critical ( all ! /eps 9 ! developm5t ( a philosophy ( pure exp]i5ce4 ,! p>adox ( self-transc5d5cy 9 k comes back ^u u "h1 b ,i ?9k t our notions ( pure exp]i5ce & ( sub/itution1 & our radically empirical view ( conjunctive transitions1 are ,d5kmittel t w c>ry u safely ?r\gh ! pass4 ,v4 ,,:at ,,objective ,,ref]5ce ,,is4 ,:osoev] feels 8 exp]i5ce to be some?+ sub/itutional ev5 :ile he has x1 may be said to h an exp]i5ce t rea*es beyond itself4 ,f inside ( its own entity x says 'm1' & po/ulates reality exi/+ else:]e4 ,= ! transc5d5tali/1 :o holds kn[+ to consi/ 9 a salto mortale across an 'epi/emological *asm1' su* an idea pres5ts no difficulty2 b x seems at fir/ sight z if x might be inconsi/5t ) an empiricism l our own4 ,h we n expla9$ t conceptual k is made su* :olly by ! exi/5ce ( ?+s t fall outside ( ! kn[+ exp]i5ce itself--by int]m$i>y exp]i5ces & by a t]m9us t fulfils8 ,c ! k be !re be=e ^! elem5ts t con/itute its be+ h come8 ,&1 if k be n !re1 h[ c objective ref]5ce occur8 ,! key to ?is difficulty lies 9 ! di/9ction betwe5 kn[+ z v]ifi$ & complet$1 & ! same kn[+ z 9 transit & on its way4 ,to recur to ! ,memorial ,hall example lately us$1 x is only :5 our idea ( ! ,hall has actually t]m9at$ 9 ! p]cept t we "k '= c]ta9' t f ! beg9n+ x 0 truly cognitive ( t4 ,until e/abli%$ by ! end ( ! process1 its quality ( kn[+ t1 or inde$ ( kn[+ any?+1 c\ld /ill be d\bt$2 & yet ! kn[+ really 0 !re1 z ! result n[ %[s4 ,we 7 virtual kn[]s ( ! ,hall long be=e we 7 c]tifi$ to h be5 its actual kn[]s1 by ! p]cept's retroactive validat+ p[]4 ,j s we are 'mortal' all ! "t1 by reason ( ! virtuality ( ! inevitable ev5t :i* w make u s :5 x %all h come4 ,n[ ! imm5sely great] "p ( all our kn[+ nev] gets beyond ?is virtual /age4 ,x nev] is complet$ or nail$ d[n4 ,i speak n m]ely ( our ideas ( imp]ceptibles l e!r-waves or dissociat$ 'ions1' or ( 'ejects' l ! cont5ts ( our neighbors' m9ds2 ,i speak also ( ideas :i* we might v]ify if we w\ld take ! tr\ble1 b :i* we hold = true al?\gh unt]m9at$ p]ceptually1 because no?+ says 'no' to u1 & !re is no contradict+ tru? 9 sight4 ,to cont9ue ?9k+ un*all5g$ is1 n9ety-n9e times out ( a hundr$1 our practical sub/itute = kn[+ 9 ! complet$ s5se4 ,z ea* exp]i5ce runs by cognitive transition into ! next "o1 & we n[h]e feel a collision ) :at we else:]e c\nt z tru? or fact1 we commit ourselves to ! curr5t z if ! port 7 sure4 ,we live1 z x 71 ^u ! front edge ( an advanc+ wave-cre/1 & our s5se ( a det]m9ate direction 9 fall+ =w>d is all we cov] ( ! future ( our pa?4 ,x is z if a diff]5tial quoti5t %\ld be consci\s & treat itself z an adequate sub/itute = a trac$-out curve4 ,our exp]i5ce1 int] alia1 is ( v>iations ( rate & ( direction1 & lives 9 ^! transitions m ?an 9 ! j\rney's end4 ,! exp]i5ces ( t5d5cy are suffici5t to act ^u--:at m c\ld we h done at ^? mom5ts ev5 if ! lat] v]ification comes complete8 ,?is is :at1 z a radical empirici/1 ,i say to ! *>ge t ! objective ref]5ce :i* is s flagrant a "* ( our exp]i5ces involves a *asm & a mortal leap4 ,a positively conjunctive transition involves nei!r *asm nor leap4 ,be+ ! v orig9al ( :at we mean by cont9uity1 x makes a cont9uum :]ev] x appe>s4 ,i "k full well t su* brief words z ^! w leave ! h>d5$ transc5d5tali/ un%ak54 ,conjunctive exp]i5ces sep>ate _! t]ms1 he w /ill say3 !y are ?ird ?+s int]pos$1 t h !mselves to be conjo9$ by new l9ks1 & to invoke !m makes our tr\ble inf9itely worse4 ,to 'feel' our motion =w>d is impossible4 ,motion implies t]m9us2 & h[ c t]m9us be felt be=e we h arriv$8 ,! b>e/ />t & sally =w>ds1 ! b>e/ t5d5cy to leave ! in/ant1 involves ! *asm & ! leap4 ,conjunctive transitions are ! mo/ sup]ficial ( appe>ances1 illusions ( our s5sibility :i* philosophical reflection pulv]izes at a t\*4 ,conception is our only tru/wor?y in/rum5t1 conception & ! ,absolute work+ h& 9 h&4 ,conception dis9tegrates exp]i5ce utt]ly1 b its disjunctions are easily ov]come aga9 :5 ! ,absolute takes up ! task4 ,su* transc5d5tali/s ,i mu/ leave1 provisionally at lea/1 9 full possession ( _! cre$4#cf ,i h no space = polemics 9 ?is article1 s ,i %all simply =mulate ! empirici/ doctr9e z my hypo!sis1 leav+ x to "w or n "w z x may4 ,objective ref]5ce1 ,i say !n1 is an incid5t ( ! fact t s mu* ( our exp]i5ce comes z an insuffici5t & consi/s ( process & transition4 ,our fields ( exp]i5ce h no m def9ite b\nd>ies ?an h our fields ( view4 ,bo? are fr+$ =ev] by a m t cont9u\sly develops1 & t cont9u\sly sup]s$es !m z life proce$s4 ,! relations1 g5]ally speak+1 are z real "h z ! t]ms are1 & ! only compla9t ( ! transc5d5tali/'s ) :i* ,i c\ld at all sympa?ize w\ld be 8 *>ge t1 by fir/ mak+ k to consi/ 9 ext]nal relations z ,i h done1 & by !n confess+ t n9e-t5?s ( ! "t ^! are n actually b only virtually !re1 ,i h knock$ ! solid bottom out ( ! :ole bus9ess1 & palm$ (f a sub/itute ( k = ! g5u9e ?+4 ,only ! admission1 su* a critic might say1 t our ideas are self-transc5d5t & 'true' already1 9 advance ( ! exp]i5ces t are to t]m9ate !m1 c br+ solidity back to k 9 a _w l ?is1 9 :i* transitions & t]m9ations are only by exception fulfill$4 ,?is seems to me an excell5t place = apply+ ! pragmatic me?od4 ,:5 a dispute arises1 t me?od consi/s 9 augur+ :at practical consequ5ces w\ld be diff]5t if "o side r ?an ! o!r 7 true4 ,if no diff]5ce c be ?\ght (1 ! dispute is a qu>rel ov] words4 ,:at !n w\ld ! self-transc5d5cy affirm$ to exi/ 9 advance ( all exp]i5tial m$iation or t]m9ation1 be kn[n-z8 ,:at w\ld x practically result 9 = u1 7 x true8 ,x c\ld only result 9 our ori5tation1 9 ! turn+ ( our expectations & practical t5d5cies into ! "r pa?2 & ! "r pa? "h1 s long z we & ! object are n yet face to face 7or c nev] get face to face1 z 9 ! case ( ejects71 w\ld be ! pa? t l$ u into ! object's ne>e/ neighborhood4 ,:]e direct acqua9tance is lack+1 'k ab\t' is ! next be/ ?+1 & an acqua9tance ) :at actually lies ab\t ! object1 & is mo/ closely relat$ to x1 puts su* k )9 our grasp4 ,e!r-waves & y\r ang]1 = example1 are ?+s 9 :i* my ?\ghts w nev] p]ceptually t]m9ate1 b my concepts ( !m lead me to _! v br9k1 to ! *romatic fr+es & to ! hurtful words & de$s :i* are _! really next effects4 ,ev5 if our ideas did 9 !mselves c>ry ! po/ulat$ self-transc5d5cy1 x w\ld /ill rema9 true t _! putt+ u into possession ( su* effects w\ld be ! sole ca%-value ( ! self-transc5d5cy = u4 ,& ?is ca%-value1 x is ne$less to say1 is v]batim et lit]atim :at our empirici/ acc\nt pays 94 ,on pragmati/ pr9ciples !re=e1 a dispute ov] self-transc5d5cy is a pure logoma*y4 ,call our concepts ( ejective ?+s self-transc5d5t or ! rev]se1 x makes no diff]5ce1 s long z we don't diff] ab\t ! nature ( t exalt$ virtue's fruits--fruits = u1 ( c\rse1 humani/ic fruits4 ,if an ,absolute 7 prov$ to exi/ = o!r reasons1 x might well appe> t 8 k is t]m9at$ 9 innum]able cases :]e ours is /ill incomplete4 ,t1 h[ev]1 w\ld be a fact indiff]5t to our k4 ,! latt] w\ld gr[ nei!r worse nor bett]1 :e!r we ackn[l$g$ su* an ,absolute or left him out4 ,s ! notion ( a k /ill 9 transitu & on its way jo9s h&s "h ) t notion ( a 'pure exp]i5ce' :i* ,i tri$ to expla9 9 my essay entitl$ ',does ,consci\sness ,exi/8' ,! in/ant field ( ! pres5t is always exp]i5ce 9 its 'pure' /ate1 pla9 unqualifi$ actuality1 a simple t1 z yet undiff]5tiat$ into ?+ & ?\ght1 & only virtually classifiable z objective fact or z "s "o's op9ion ab\t fact4 ,?is is z true :5 ! field is conceptual z :5 x is p]ceptual4 ',memorial ,hall' is '!re' 9 my idea z mu* z :5 ,i /& be=e x4 ,i proce$ to act on its acc\nt 9 ei!r case4 ,only 9 ! lat] exp]i5ce t sup]s$es ! pres5t "o is ?is naf imm$iacy retrospectively split into two p>ts1 a 'consci\sness' & its 'cont5t1' & ! cont5t correct$ or confirm$4 ,:ile /ill pure1 or pres5t1 any exp]i5ce--m9e1 = example1 ( :at ,i write ab\t 9 ^! v l9es--passes = 'tru?4' ,! morr[ may r$uce x to 'op9ion4' ,! transc5d5tali/ 9 all 8 p>ticul> kn[l$ges is z liable to ?is r$uction z ,i am3 8 ,absolute does n save him4 ,:y1 !n1 ne$ he qu>rel ) an acc\nt ( kn[+ t m]ely leaves x liable to ?is inevitable condition8 ,:y insi/ t kn[+ is a /atic relation out ( "t :5 x practically seems s mu* a function ( our active life8 ,= a ?+ to be valid1 says ,lotze1 is ! same z to make itself valid4 ,:5 ! :ole univ]se seems only to be mak+ itself valid & to be /ill incomplete 7else :y its ceaseless *ang+87 :y1 ( all ?+s1 %\ld kn[+ be exempt8 ,:y %\ld x n be mak+ itself valid l ev]y?+ else8 ,t "s p>ts ( x may be already valid or v]ifi$ beyond dispute1 ! empirical philosoph]1 ( c\rse1 l any "o else1 may always hope4 ,,vi4 ,,! ,,cont]m9\sness ,,( ,,diff]5t ,,m9ds#cg ,) transition & prospect ?us en?ron$ 9 pure exp]i5ce1 x is impossible to subscribe to ! idealism ( ! ,engli% s*ool4 ,radical empiricism has1 9 fact1 m aff9ities ) natural realism ?an ) ! views ( ,b]keley or ( ,mill1 & ?is c be easily %[n4 ,= ! ,b]keleyan s*ool1 ideas 7! v]bal equival5t ( :at ,i t]m exp]i5ces7 are discont9u\s4 ,! cont5t ( ea* is :olly imman5t1 & !re are no transitions ) :i* !y are consub/antial & ?r\gh :i* _! be+s may unite4 ,y\r ,memorial ,hall & m9e1 ev5 :5 bo? are p]cepts1 are :olly out ( connection ) ea* o!r4 ,our lives are a cong]ies ( solipsisms1 out ( :i* 9 /rict logic only a ,god c\ld compose a univ]se ev5 ( disc\rse4 ,no dynamic curr5ts run betwe5 my objects & y\r objects4 ,nev] c our m9ds meet 9 ! same4 ,! incr$ibility ( su* a philosophy is flagrant4 ,x is 'cold1 /ra9$1 & unnatural' 9 a supreme degree2 & x may be d\bt$ :e!r ev5 ,b]keley himself1 :o took x s religi\sly1 really believ$1 :5 walk+ ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,london1 t 8 _s & ! spirits ( 8 fell[ wayf>]s _h absolutely diff]5t t[ns 9 view4 ,to me ! decisive reason 9 favor ( our m9ds meet+ 9 "s common objects at lea/ is t1 unless ,i make t supposition1 ,i h no motive = assum+ t y\r m9d exi/s at all4 ,:y d ,i po/ulate y\r m9d8 ,because ,i see y\r body act+ 9 a c]ta9 way4 ,its ge/ures1 facial movem5ts1 words & conduct g5]ally1 are 'expressive1' s ,i deem x actuat$ z my own is1 by an inn] life l m9e4 ,?is argum5t f analogy is my reason1 :e!r an in/9ctive belief runs be=e x or n4 ,b :at is 'y\r body' "h b a p]cept 9 my field8 ,x is only z animat+ t object1 my object1 t ,i h any occasion to ?9k ( y at all4 ,if ! body t y actuate be n ! v body t ,i see !re1 b "s duplicate body ( y\r own ) :i* t has no?+ to d1 we belong to diff]5t univ]ses1 y & ,i1 & = me to speak ( y is folly4 ,myriads ( su* univ]ses ev5 n[ may coexi/1 irrelevant to "o ano!r2 my conc]n is solely ) ! univ]se ) :i* my own life is connect$4 ,9 t p]ceptual "p ( my univ]se :i* ,i call y\r body1 y\r m9d & my m9d meet & may be call$ cont]m9\s4 ,y\r m9d actuates t body & m9e sees x2 my ?\ghts pass into x z into _! h>moni\s cognitive fulfilm5t2 y\r emotions & volitions pass into x z causes into _! effects4 ,b t p]cept hangs toge!r ) all our o!r physical p]cepts4 ,!y are ( "o /uff ) x2 & if x be our common possession1 !y mu/ be s likewise4 ,= in/ance1 y\r h& lays hold ( "o end ( a rope & my h& lays hold ( ! o!r end4 ,we pull aga9/ ea* o!r4 ,c our two h&s be mutual objects 9 ?is exp]i5ce1 & ! rope n be mutual also8 ,:at is true ( ! rope is true ( any o!r p]cept4 ,y\r objects are ov] & ov] aga9 ! same z m9e4 ,if ,i ask y :]e "s object ( y\rs is1 our old ,memorial ,hall1 = example1 y po9t to my ,memorial ,hall ) y\r h& :i* ,i see4 ,if y alt] an object 9 y\r _w1 put out a c&le1 = example1 :5 ,i am pres5t1 my c&le ipso facto goes out4 ,x is only z alt]+ my objects t ,i guess y to exi/4 ,if y\r objects d n coalesce ) my objects1 if !y be n id5tically :]e m9e are1 !y mu/ be prov$ to be positively some:]e else4 ,b no o!r location c be assign$ = !m1 s _! place mu/ be :at x seems to be1 ! same4#ch ,practically1 !n1 our m9ds meet 9 a _w ( objects :i* !y %>e 9 common1 :i* w\ld /ill be !re1 if "o or sev]al ( ! m9ds 7 de/roy$4 ,i c see no =mal objection to ?is supposition's be+ lit]ally true4 ,on ! pr9ciples :i* ,i am def5d+1 a 'm9d' or 'p]sonal consci\sness' is ! "n = a s]ies ( exp]i5ces run toge!r by c]ta9 def9ite transitions1 & an objective reality is a s]ies ( simil> exp]i5ces knit by diff]5t transitions4 ,if "o & ! same exp]i5ce c figure twice1 once 9 a m5tal & once 9 a physical context 7z ,i h tri$1 9 my article on ',consci\sness1' to %[ t x c71 "o does n see :y x might n figure ?rice1 or f\r times1 or any numb] ( times1 by runn+ into z _m diff]5t m5tal contexts1 j z ! same po9t1 ly+ at _! int]section1 c be cont9u$ into _m diff]5t l9es4 ,aboli%+ any numb] ( contexts w\ld n de/roy ! exp]i5ce itself or its o!r contexts1 any m ?an aboli%+ "s ( ! po9t's l9e> cont9uations w\ld de/roy ! o!rs1 or de/roy ! po9t itself4 ,i well "k ! subtle dialectic :i* insi/s t a t]m tak5 9 ano!r relation mu/ ne$s be an intr9sically diff]5t t]m4 ,! crux is always ! old ,greek "o1 t ! same man c't be tall 9 relation to "o neighbor1 & %ort 9 relation to ano!r1 = t w\ld make him tall & %ort at once4 ,9 ?is essay ,i c n /op to refute ?is dialectic1 s ,i pass on1 leav+ my flank = ! "t expos$4#ci ,b if my read] w only all[ t ! same 'n[' bo? ends 8 pa/ & beg9s 8 future2 or t1 :5 he buys an acre ( l& f 8 neighbor1 x is ! same acre t successively figures 9 ! two e/ates2 or t :5 ,i pay him a doll>1 ! same doll> goes into 8 pocket t came out ( m9e2 he w also 9 consi/5cy h to all[ t ! same object may conceivably play a "p 91 z be+ relat$ to ! re/ (1 any numb] ( o!rwise entirely diff]5t m9ds4 ,?is is en\gh = my pres5t po9t3 ! common-s5se notion ( m9ds %>+ ! same object (f]s no special logical or epi/emological difficulties ( its own2 x /&s or falls ) ! g5]al possibility ( ?+s be+ 9 conjunctive relation ) o!r ?+s at all4 ,9 pr9ciple1 !n1 let natural realism pass = possible4 ,y\r m9d & m9e may t]m9ate 9 ! same p]cept1 n m]ely aga9/ x1 z if x 7 a ?ird ext]nal ?+1 b by ins]t+ !mselves into x & coalesc+ ) x1 = su* is ! sort ( conjunctive union t appe>s to be exp]i5c$ :5 a p]ceptual t]m9us 'fulfils4' ,ev5 s1 two haws]s may embrace ! same pile1 & yet nei!r "o ( !m t\* any o!r "p except t pile1 ( :at ! o!r haws] is atta*$ to4 ,x is !re=e n a =mal "q1 b a "q ( empirical fact solely1 :e!r1 :5 y & ,i are said to "k ! 'same' ,memorial ,hall1 our m9ds d t]m9ate at or 9 a num]ically id5tical p]cept4 ,obvi\sly1 z a pla9 matt] ( fact1 !y d n4 ,ap>t f color-bl9dness & su* possibilities1 we see ! ,hall 9 diff]5t p]spectives4 ,y may be on "o side ( x & ,i on ano!r4 ,! p]cept ( ea* ( u1 z he sees ! surface ( ! ,hall1 is moreov] only 8 provisional t]m9us4 ,! next ?+ beyond my p]cept is n y\r m9d1 b m p]cepts ( my own into :i* my fir/ p]cept develops1 ! int]ior ( ! ,hall1 = in/ance1 or ! inn] /ructure ( its bricks & mort>4 ,if our m9ds 7 9 a lit]al s5se cont]m9\s1 nei!r c\ld get beyond ! p]cept :i* !y _h 9 common1 x w\ld be an ultimate b>ri] betwe5 !m--unless inde$ !y fl[$ ov] x & became 'co-consci\s' ov] a /ill l>g] "p ( _! cont5t1 :i* 7?\ght-transf]5ce ap>t7 is n suppos$ to be ! case4 ,9 po9t ( fact ! ultimate common b>ri] c always be pu%$1 by bo? m9ds1 f>!r ?an any actual p]cept ( ei!r1 until at la/ x resolves itself into ! m]e notion ( imp]ceptibles l atoms or e!r1 s t1 :]e we d t]m9ate 9 p]cepts1 our k is only speci\sly complet$1 be+1 9 !oretic /rictness1 only a virtual k ( ^? remot] objects :i* conception c>ries out4 ,is natural realism1 p]missible 9 logic1 refut$ !n by empirical fact8 ,d our m9ds h no object 9 common aft] all8 ,yes1 !y c]ta9ly h ,space 9 common4 ,on pragmatic pr9ciples we are oblig$ to pr$icate sam5ess :]ev] we c pr$icate no assignable po9t ( diff]5ce4 ,if two nam$ ?+s h e quality & function indisc]nible1 & are at ! same "t 9 ! same place1 !y mu/ be writt5 d[n z num]ically "o ?+ "u two diff]5t names4 ,b !re is no te/ discov]able1 s f> z ,i "k1 by :i* x c be %[n t ! place occupi$ by y\r p]cept ( ,memorial ,hall diff]s f ! place occupi$ by m9e4 ,! p]cepts !mselves may be %[n to diff]2 b if ea* ( u be ask$ to po9t out :]e 8 p]cept is1 we po9t to an id5tical spot4 ,all ! relations1 :e!r geometrical or causal1 ( ! ,hall orig9ate or t]m9ate 9 t spot :]e9 our h&s meet1 & :]e ea* ( u beg9s to "w if he wi%es to make ! ,hall *ange be=e ! o!r's eyes4 ,j s x is ) our bodies4 ,t body ( y\rs :i* y actuate & feel f )9 mu/ be 9 ! same spot z ! body ( y\rs :i* ,i see or t\* f )\t4 ',!re' = me means :]e ,i place my f+]4 ,if y d n feel my f+]'s contact to be '!re' 9 my s5se1 :5 ,i place x on y\r body1 :]e !n d y feel x8 ,y\r inn] actuations ( y\r body meet my f+] !re3 x is !re t y resi/ its pu%1 or %r9k back1 or sweep ! f+] aside ) y\r h&4 ,:atev] f>!r k ei!r ( u may acquire ( ! real con/itution ( ! body :i* we ?us feel1 y f )9 & ,i f )\t1 x is 9 t same place t ! newly conceiv$ or p]ceiv$ con/itu5ts h to be locat$1 & x is ?r\gh t space t y\r & my m5tal int]c\rse ) ea* o!r has always to be c>ri$ on1 by ! m$iation ( impressions :i* ,i convey ?i!r1 & ( ! reactions !nce :i* ^? impressions may provoke f y4 ,9 g5]al t]ms1 !n1 :atev] diff]+ cont5ts our m9ds may ev5tually fill a place )1 ! place itself is a num]ically id5tical cont5t ( ! two m9ds1 a piece ( common prop]ty 9 :i*1 ?r\gh :i*1 & ov] :i* !y jo94 ,! receptacle ( c]ta9 ( our exp]i5ces be+ ?us common1 ! exp]i5ces !mselves might "s day become common also4 ,if t day ev] did come1 our ?\ghts w\ld t]m9ate 9 a complete empirical id5tity1 !re w\ld be an end1 s f> z ^? exp]i5ces w5t1 to our discussions ab\t tru?4 ,no po9ts ( diff]5ce appe>+1 !y w\ld h to c\nt z ! same4 ,,vii4 ,,conclusion ,) ?is we h ! outl9es ( a philosophy ( pure exp]i5ce be=e u4 ,at ! outset ( my essay1 ,i call$ x a mosaic philosophy4 ,9 actual mosaics ! pieces are held toge!r by _! b$d+1 = :i* b$d+ ! ,sub/ances1 transc5d5tal ,egos1 or ,absolutes ( o!r philosophies may be tak5 to /&4 ,9 radical empiricism !re is no b$d+2 x is z if ! pieces clung toge!r by _! edges1 ! transitions exp]i5c$ betwe5 !m =m+ _! cem5t4 ,( c\rse su* a metaphor is mislead+1 = 9 actual exp]i5ce ! m sub/antive & ! m transitive p>ts run into ea* o!r cont9u\sly1 !re is 9 g5]al no sep>at5ess ne$+ to be ov]come by an ext]nal cem5t2 & :atev] sep>at5ess is actually exp]i5c$ is n ov]come1 x /ays & c\nts z sep>at5ess to ! end4 ,b ! metaphor s]ves to symbolize ! fact t ,exp]i5ce itself1 tak5 at l>ge1 c gr[ by its edges4 ,t "o mom5t ( x prolif]ates into ! next by transitions :i*1 :e!r conjunctive or disjunctive1 cont9ue ! exp]i5tial tissue1 c n1 ,i cont5d1 be d5i$4 ,life is 9 ! transitions z mu* z 9 ! t]ms connect$2 (t51 inde$1 x seems to be !re m emphatically1 z if our spurts & sallies =w>d 7 ! real fir+-l9e ( ! battle1 7 l ! ?9 l9e ( flame advanc+ across ! dry autumnal field :i* ! f>m] proce$s to burn4 ,9 ?is l9e we live prospectively z well z retrospectively4 ,x is '(' ! pa/1 inasmu* z x comes expressly z ! pa/'s cont9uation2 x is '(' ! future 9 s f> z ! future1 :5 x comes1 w h cont9u$ x4 ,^! relations ( cont9u\s transition exp]i5c$ are :at make our exp]i5ces cognitive4 ,9 ! simple/ & complete/ cases ! exp]i5ces are cognitive ( "o ano!r4 ,:5 "o ( !m t]m9ates a previ\s s]ies ( !m ) a s5se ( fulfilm5t1 x1 we say1 is :at ^? o!r exp]i5ces '_h 9 view4' ,! k1 9 su* a case1 is v]ifi$2 ! tru? is 'salt$ d[n4' ,ma9ly1 h[ev]1 we live on speculative inve/m5ts1 or on our prospects only4 ,b liv+ on ?+s 9 posse is z good z liv+ 9 ! actual1 s long z our cr$it rema9s good4 ,x is evid5t t = ! mo/ "p x is good1 & t ! univ]se seldom prote/s our drafts4 ,9 ?is s5se we at e mom5t c cont9ue to believe 9 an exi/+ beyond4 ,x is only 9 special cases t our confid5t ru% =w>d gets rebuk$4 ,! beyond mu/1 ( c\rse1 always 9 our philosophy be itself ( an exp]i5tial nature4 ,if n a future exp]i5ce ( our own or a pres5t "o ( our neighbor1 x mu/ be a ?+ 9 itself 9 ,dr4 ,pr9ce's & ,pr(essor ,/rong's s5se ( ! t]m--t is1 x mu/ be an exp]i5ce = itself ^: relation to o!r ?+s we translate into ! action ( molecules1 e!r-waves1 or :atev] else ! physical symbols may be4#dj ,?is op5s ! *apt] ( ! relations ( radical empiricism to panpsy*ism1 into :i* ,i c n ent] n[4#da ,! beyond c 9 any case exi/ simultane\sly--= x c be exp]i5c$ to h exi/$ simultane\sly--) ! exp]i5ce t practically po/ulates x by look+ 9 its direction1 or by turn+ or *ang+ 9 ! direction ( :i* x is ! goal4 ,p5d+ t actuality ( union1 9 ! virtuality ( :i* ! 'tru?1' ev5 n[1 ( ! po/ulation consi/s1 ! beyond & its kn[] are entities split (f f ea* o!r4 ,! _w is 9 s f> =? a pluralism ( :i* ! unity is n fully exp]i5c$ z yet4 ,b1 z fa/ z v]ifications come1 tra9s ( exp]i5ce1 once sep>ate1 run into "o ano!r2 & t is :y ,i said1 e>li] 9 my article1 t ! unity ( ! _w is on ! :ole und]go+ increase4 ,! univ]se cont9ually gr[s 9 quantity by new exp]i5ces t graft !mselves ^u ! old] mass2 b ^! v new exp]i5ces (t5 help ! mass to a m consolidat$ =m4 ,^! are ! ma9 features ( a philosophy ( pure exp]i5ce4 ,x has innum]able o!r aspects & ar\ses innum]able que/ions1 b ! po9ts ,i h t\*$ on seem en\gh to make an ent]+ w$ge4 ,9 my own m9d su* a philosophy h>monizes be/ ) a radical pluralism1 ) novelty & indet]m9ism1 moralism & !ism1 & ) ! 'humanism' lately sprung ^u u by ! ,ox=d & ! ,*icago s*ools4#db ,i c n1 h[ev]1 be sure t all ^! doctr9es are its necess>y & indisp5sable allies4 ,x pres5ts s _m po9ts ( diff]5ce1 bo? f ! common s5se & f ! idealism t h made our philosophic language1 t x is almo/ z difficult to /ate x z x is to ?9k x out cle>ly1 & if x is ev] to gr[ into a respectable sy/em1 x w h to be built up by ! contributions ( _m co-op]at+ m9ds4 ,x seems to me1 z ,i said at ! outset ( ?is essay1 t _m m9ds are1 9 po9t ( fact1 n[ turn+ 9 a direction t po9ts t[>ds radical empiricism4 ,if !y are c>ri$ f>!r by my words1 & if !n !y add _! /rong] voices to my feebl] "o1 ! publication ( ?is essay w h be5 wor? :ile4 ,,footnotes3 #be ,repr9t$ f ! ,j\rnal ( ,philosophy1 ,psy*ology & ,sci5tific ,me?ods1 vol4 ,i1 #aijd1 ,no4 #bj1 ,septemb] #bi1 & ,no4 #ba1 ,octob] #ac4 ,pp4 #eb-gf h also be5 repr9t$1 ) "s omissions1 alt]ations & additions1 9 ,! ,mean+ ( ,tru?1 pp4 #ajb-abj4 ,! alt]ations h be5 adopt$ 9 ! pres5t text4 ,?is essay is ref]r$ to 9 ,a ,plurali/ic ,univ]se1 p4 #bhj1 note #e4 ,,ed4 #bf ,cf4 ,b]keley3 ,pr9ciples ( ,human ,k1 ,introduction2 ,hume3 ,an ,enquiry ,conc]n+ ,human ,und]/&+1 sect4 ,,vii1 "p ,,ii 7,selby-,bigge's edition1 p4 #gd72 ,james ,mill3 ,analysis ( ! ,ph5om5a ( ! ,human ,m9d1 *4 ,,viii2 ,j4 ,s4 ,mill3 ,an ,exam9ation ( ,sir ,william ,hamilton's ,philosophy1 *4 ,,xi1 ,,xii2 ,w4 ,k4 ,clif=d3 ,lectures & ,essays1 pp4 #bgd ff4 #bg ,see ,! ,exp]i5ce ( ,activity1 bel[1 pp4 #aee-ahi4 #bh ,! psy*ology books h ( late describ$ ! facts "h ) approximate adequacy4 ,i may ref] to ! *apt]s on ',! ,/ream ( ,?\ght' & on ! ,self 9 my own ,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology1 z well z to ,s4 ,h4 ,hodgson's ,metaphysic ( ,exp]i5ce1 vol4 ,i1 *4 ,,vii & ,,viii4 #bi ,see ,! ,?+ & its ,relations1 bel[1 pp4 #ib-abb4 #cj ,= brevity's sake ,i altoge!r omit m5tion ( ! type con/itut$ by k ( ! tru? ( g5]al propositions4 ,?is type has be5 ?or\ghly &1 s f> z ,i c see1 satisfactorily1 elucidat$ 9 ,dewey's ,/udies 9 ,logical ,!ory4 ,su* propositions are r$ucible to ! ,s-is-,p =m2 & ! 't]m9us' t v]ifies & fulfils is ! ,,sp 9 comb9ation4 ,( c\rse p]cepts may be involv$ 9 ! m$iat+ exp]i5ces1 or 9 ! 'satisfactor9ess' ( ! ,p 9 its new position4 #ca ,see above1 pp4 #i-ae4 #cb ,on ! ,function ( ,cognition1 ,m9d1 vol4 ,x1 #ahhe1 & ,! ,kn[+ ( ,?+s ,toge!r1 ,psy*ological ,review1 vol4 ,,ii1 #ahie4 ,^! articles are repr9t$1 ! =m] 9 full1 ! latt] 9 "p1 9 ,! ,mean+ ( ,tru?1 pp4 #a-ej4 ,,ed4 ,^! articles & _! doctr9e1 unnotic$ app>5tly by any "o else1 h lately ga9$ favorable comm5t f ,pr(essor ,/rong4 ,a ,naturali/ic ,!ory ( ! ,ref]5ce ( ,?\ght to ,reality1 ,j\rnal ( ,philosophy1 ,psy*ology & ,sci5tific ,me?ods1 vol4 ,i1 #aijd4 ,dr4 ,dick9son ,s4 ,mill] has indep5d5tly ?\ght out ! same results ,! ,mean+ ( ,tru? & ,error1 ,philosophical ,review1 vol4 ,,ii1 #ahic2 ,! ,confusion ( ,function & ,cont5t 9 ,m5tal ,analysis1 ,psy*ological ,review1 vol4 ,,ii1 #ahie1 :i* ,/rong accord+ly dubs ! ,james-,mill] !ory ( cognition4 #cc ,cf4 ,h4 ,lotze3 ,metaphysik1 #cg-ci1 #ig1 #ih1 #bdc4 #cd ,mr4 ,bradley1 n pr(ess+ to "k 8 absolute aliunde1 nev]!less d]ealizes ,exp]i5ce by alleg+ x to be ev]y:]e infect$ ) self-contradiction4 ,8 argum5ts seem almo/ purely v]bal1 b ?is is no place = argu+ t po9t out4 ,cf4 ,f4 ,h4 ,bradley2 ,appe>ance & ,reality1 passim2 & bel[1 pp4 #ajf-abb4 #ce ,( :i* all t ne$ be said 9 ?is essay is t x also c be conceiv$ z functional1 & def9$ 9 t]ms ( transitions1 or ( ! possibility ( su*4 ,cf4 ,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology1 vol4 ,i1 pp4 #dgc-dhj1 vol4 ,,ii1 pp4 #ccg-cdj2 ,pragmatism1 p4 #bfe2 ,"s ,problems ( ,philosophy1 pp4 #fc-gd2 ,mean+ ( ,tru?1 pp4 #bdf-bdg1 etc4 ,,ed4 #cf ,cf4 bel[1 pp4 #ic ff4 #cg ,cf4 ,h[ ,two ,m9ds ,c ,"k ,"o ,?+1 bel[1 pp4 #abc-acf4 #ch ,! notion t our objects are inside ( our respective heads is n s]i\sly def5sible1 s ,i pass x by4 #ci ,! argum5t is resum$ bel[1 pp4 #aja sq4 ,,ed4 #dj ,our m9ds & ^! ejective realities w\ld /ill h space 7or pseudo-space1 z ,i believe ,pr(essor ,/rong calls ! m$ium ( int]action betwe5 '?+s-9-!mselves'7 9 common4 ,^! w\ld exi/ :]e1 & beg9 to act :]e1 we locate ! molecules1 etc41 & :]e we p]ceive ! s5sible ph5om5a expla9$ !reby4 ,cf4 ,morton ,pr9ce3 ,! ,nature ( ,m9d1 & ,human ,automatism1 "p ,i1 *4 ,,iii1 ,,iv2 ,c4 ,a4 ,/rong3 ,:y ! ,m9d ,has a ,body1 *4 ,,xii4 #da ,cf4 bel[1 p4 #ahh2 ,a ,plurali/ic ,univ]se1 ,lect4 ,,iv-,,vii4 #db ,i h said some?+ ( ?is latt] alliance 9 an article entitl$ ',humanism & ,tru?1' 9 ,m9d1 ,octob]1 #aijd4 ,repr9t$ 9 ,! ,mean+ ( ,tru?1 pp4 #ea-aja4 ,cf4 also ,humanism & ,tru? ,once ,m1 bel[1 pp4 #bdd-bfe4 ,,iii ,,! ,,?+ ,,& ,,its ,,relations#dc ,exp]i5ce 9 its imm$iacy seems p]fectly flu5t4 ,! active s5se ( liv+ :i* we all enjoy1 be=e reflection %att]s our in/9ctive _w = u1 is self-lum9\s & sugge/s no p>adoxes4 ,its difficulties are disappo9tm5ts & unc]ta9ties4 ,!y are n intellectual contradictions4 ,:5 ! reflective intellect gets at "w1 h[ev]1 x discov]s incompreh5sibilities 9 ! fl[+ process4 ,di/+ui%+ its elem5ts & p>ts1 x gives !m sep>ate names1 & :at x ?us disjo9s x c n easily put toge!r4 ,pyrrhonism accepts ! irrationality & revels 9 its dialectic elaboration4 ,o!r philosophies try1 "s by ignor+1 "s by resi/+1 & "s by turn+ ! dialectic proc$ure aga9/ itself1 negat+ its fir/ negations1 to re/ore ! flu5t s5se ( life aga91 & let r$emption take ! place ( innoc5ce4 ,! p]fection ) :i* any philosophy may d ?is is ! measure ( its human success & ( its importance 9 philosophic hi/ory4 ,9 ! la/ essay1 ',a ,_w ( ,pure ,exp]i5ce1' ,i tri$ my own h& sket*ily at ! problem1 resi/+ c]ta9 fir/ /eps ( dialectics by insi/+ 9 a g5]al way t ! imm$iately exp]i5c$ conjunctive relations are z real z any?+ else4 ,if my sket* is n to appe> too naf1 ,i mu/ come clos] to details1 & 9 ! pres5t essay ,i propose to d s4 ,i ',pure exp]i5ce' is ! "n :i* ,i gave to ! imm$iate flux ( life :i* furni%es ! mat]ial to our lat] reflection ) its conceptual categories4 ,only new-born babes1 or m5 9 semi-coma f sleep1 drugs1 illnesses1 or bl[s1 may be assum$ to h an exp]i5ce pure 9 ! lit]al s5se ( a t :i* is n yet any def9ite :at1 ?o' ready to be all sorts ( :ats2 full bo? ( on5ess & ( manyness1 b 9 respects t don't appe>2 *ang+ ?r\gh\t1 yet s confus$ly t its phases int]p5etrate & no po9ts1 ei!r ( di/9ction or ( id5tity1 c be caught4 ,pure exp]i5ce 9 ?is /ate is b ano!r "n = feel+ or s5sation4 ,b ! flux ( x no soon] comes ?an x t5ds to fill itself ) emphases1 & ^! sali5t p>ts become id5tifi$ & fix$ & ab/ract$2 s t exp]i5ce n[ fl[s z if %ot ?r\gh ) adjectives & n\ns & prepositions & conjunctions4 ,its purity is only a relative t]m1 mean+ ! proportional am\nt ( unv]baliz$ s5sation :i* x /ill embodies4 ,f> back z we g1 ! flux1 bo? z a :ole & 9 its p>ts1 is t ( ?+s conjunct & sep>at$4 ,! great cont9ua ( "t1 space1 & ! self envelope ev]y?+1 betwixt !m1 & fl[ toge!r )\t int]f]+4 ,! ?+s t !y envelope come z sep>ate 9 "s ways & z cont9u\s 9 o!rs4 ,"s s5sations coalesce ) "s ideas1 & o!rs are irreconcilable4 ,qualities comp5etrate "o space1 or exclude ea* o!r f x4 ,!y cl+ toge!r p]si/5tly 9 gr\ps t move z units1 or else !y sep>ate4 ,_! *anges are abrupt or discont9u\s2 & _! k9ds resemble or diff]2 &1 z !y d s1 !y fall into ei!r ev5 or irregul> s]ies4 ,9 all ?is ! cont9uities & ! discont9uities are absolutely co-ord9ate matt]s ( imm$iate feel+4 ,! conjunctions are z primordial elem5ts ( 'fact' z are ! di/9ctions & disjunctions4 ,9 ! same act by :i* ,i feel t ?is pass+ m9ute is a new pulse ( my life1 ,i feel t ! old life cont9ues into x1 & ! feel+ ( cont9uance 9 no wise j>s ^u ! simultane\s feel+ ( a novelty4 ,!y1 too1 comp5etrate h>moni\sly4 ,prepositions1 copulas1 & conjunctions1 'is1' 'isn't1' '!n1' 'be=e1' '91' 'on1' 'beside1' 'betwe51' 'next1' 'l1' 'unlike1' 'z1' 'b1' fl[] out ( ! /ream ( pure exp]i5ce1 ! /ream ( concretes or ! s5sational /ream1 z naturally z n\ns & adjectives d1 & !y melt into x aga9 z fluidly :5 we apply !m to a new portion ( ! /ream4 ,,ii ,if n[ we ask :y we mu/ ?us translate exp]i5ce f a m concrete or pure into a m intellectualiz$ =m1 fill+ x ) ev] m ab\nd+ conceptual di/9ctions1 rationalism & naturalism give diff]5t replies4 ,! rationali/ic answ] is t ! !oretic life is absolute & its int]e/s imp]ative2 t to und]/& is simply ! duty ( man2 & t :o que/ions ?is ne$ n be argu$ )1 = by ! fact ( argu+ he gives away 8 case4 ,! naturali/ answ] is t ! environm5t kills z well z su/a9s u1 & t ! t5d5cy ( raw exp]i5ce to ext+ui% ! exp]i5t himself is less5$ j 9 ! degree 9 :i* ! elem5ts 9 x t h a practical be>+ ^u life are analyz$ out ( ! cont9uum & v]bally fix$ & c\pl$ toge!r1 s t we may "k :at is 9 ! w9d = u & get ready to react 9 "t4 ,_h pure exp]i5ce1 ! naturali/ says1 be5 always p]fectly heal?y1 !re w\ld nev] h aris5 ! necessity ( isolat+ or v]baliz+ any ( its t]ms4 ,we %\ld j h exp]i5c$ in>ticulately & un9tellectually enjoy$4 ,?is lean+ on 'reaction' 9 ! naturali/ acc\nt implies t1 :5ev] we intellectualize a relatively pure exp]i5ce1 we ought to d s = ! sake ( r$esc5d+ to ! pur] or m concrete level aga92 & t if an intellect /ays al(t among its ab/ract t]ms & g5]aliz$ relations1 & does n re9s]t itself ) its conclusions into "s p>ticul> po9t ( ! imm$iate /ream ( life1 x fails to f9i% out its function & leaves its normal race unrun4 ,mo/ rationali/s n[adays w agree t naturalism gives a true en\gh acc\nt ( ! way 9 :i* our intellect arose at fir/1 b !y w d5y ^! latt] implications4 ,! case1 !y w say1 resembles t ( sexual love4 ,orig9at+ 9 ! animal ne$ ( gett+ ano!r g5]ation born1 ?is passion has develop$ second>ily su* imp]i\s spiritual ne$s t1 if y ask :y ano!r g5]ation ought to be born at all1 ! answ] is3 ',*iefly t love may g on4' ,j s ) our intellect3 x orig9at$ z a practical means ( s]v+ life2 b x has develop$ incid5tally ! function ( und]/&+ absolute tru?2 & life itself n[ seems to be giv5 *iefly z a means by :i* t function may be prosecut$4 ,b tru? & ! und]/&+ ( x lie among ! ab/racts & univ]sals1 s ! intellect n[ c>ries on its high] bus9ess :olly 9 ?is region1 )\t any ne$ ( r$esc5d+ into pure exp]i5ce aga94 ,if ! contra/$ t5d5cies :i* ,i ?us designate z naturali/ic & rationali/ic are n recogniz$ by ! read]1 p]haps an example w make !m m concrete4 ,mr4 ,bradley1 = in/ance1 is an ultra-rationali/4 ,he admits t our intellect is prim>ily practical1 b says t1 = philosoph]s1 ! practical ne$ is simply ,tru?4 ,tru?1 moreov]1 mu/ be assum$ 'consi/5t4' ,imm$iate exp]i5ce has to be brok5 into subjects & qualities1 t]ms & relations1 to be und]/ood z tru? at all4 ,yet :5 s brok5 x is less consi/5t ?an ev]4 ,tak5 raw1 x is all un-di/+ui%$4 ,intellectualiz$1 x is all di/9ction )\t on5ess4 ',su* an arrangem5t may "w1 b ! !oretic problem is n solv$4' ,! "q is 'h[ ! div]sity c exi/ 9 h>mony ) ! on5ess4' ,to g back to pure exp]i5ce is unavail+4 ',m]e feel+ gives no answ] to our riddle4' ,ev5 if y\r intuition is a fact1 x is n an und]/&+4 ',x is a m]e exp]i5ce1 & furni%es no consi/5t view4' ,! exp]i5ce (f]$ z facts or tru?s ',i f9d t my intellect rejects because !y contradict !mselves4 ,!y (f] a complex ( div]sities conjo9$ 9 a way :i* x feels is n its way & :i* x c n repeat z its own4444 ,= to be satisfi$1 my intellect mu/ und]/&1 & x c n und]/& by tak+ a cong]ies 9 ! lump4'#dd ,s ,mr4 ,bradley1 9 ! sole int]e/s ( 'und]/&+' 7z he conceives t function71 turns 8 back on f9ite exp]i5ce =ev]4 ,tru? mu/ lie 9 ! opposite direction1 ! direction ( ! ,absolute2 & ?is k9d ( rationalism & naturalism1 or 7z ,i w n[ call x7 pragmatism1 walk !nce=w>d ^u opposite pa?s4 ,= ! "o1 ^? intellectual products are mo/ true :i*1 turn+ _! face t[>ds ! ,absolute1 come ne>e/ to symboliz+ its ways ( unit+ ! _m & ! "o4 ,= ! o!r1 ^? are mo/ true :i* mo/ successfully dip back into ! f9ite /ream ( feel+ & gr[ mo/ easily conflu5t ) "s p>ticul> wave or wavelet4 ,su* conflu5ce n only proves ! intellectual op]ation to h be5 true 7z an addition may 'prove' t a subtraction is already rightly p]=m$71 b x con/itutes1 accord+ to pragmatism1 all t we mean by call+ x true4 ,only 9 s f> z !y lead u1 successfully or unsuccessfully1 back into s5sible exp]i5ce aga91 are our ab/racts & univ]sals true or false at all4#de ,,iii ,9 ,section ,,vi ( ! la/ essay1 ,i adopt$ 9 a g5]al way ! common-s5se belief t "o & ! same _w is cogniz$ by our diff]5t m9ds2 b ,i left undiscuss$ ! dialectical argum5ts :i* ma9ta9 t ?is is logically absurd4 ,! usual reason giv5 = its be+ absurd is t x assumes "o object 7to wit1 ! _w7 to /& 9 two relations at once2 to my m9d1 namely1 & aga9 to y\rs2 :]eas a t]m tak5 9 a second relation c n logically be ! same t]m :i* x 0 at fir/4 ,i h he>d ?is reason urg$ s (t5 9 discuss+ ) absoluti/s1 & x w\ld de/roy my radical empiricism s utt]ly1 if x 7 valid1 t ,i am b\nd to give x an att5tive e>1 & s]i\sly to se>* its /r5g?4 ,= in/ance1 let ! matt] 9 dispute be t]m ,m1 ass]t$ to be on ! "o h& relat$ to ,l1 & on ! o!r to ,n2 & let ! two cases ( relation be symboliz$ by ,l--,m & ,m--,n respectively4 ,:51 n[1 ,i assume t ! exp]i5ce may imm$iately come & be giv5 9 ! %ape ,l--,m--,n1 ) no trace ( d\bl+ or int]nal fission 9 ! ,m1 ,i am told t ?is is all a popul> delusion2 t ,l--,m--,n logically means two diff]5t exp]i5ces1 ,l--,m & ,m--,n1 namely2 & t al?\gh ! ,absolute may1 & inde$ mu/1 f its sup]ior po9t ( view1 read its own k9d ( unity into ,m's two editions1 yet z elem5ts 9 f9ite exp]i5ce ! two ,m's lie irretrievably asund]1 & ! _w betwe5 !m is brok5 & unbridg$4 ,9 argu+ ?is dialectic !sis1 "o mu/ avoid slipp+ f ! logical into ! physical po9t ( view4 ,x w\ld be easy1 9 tak+ a concrete example to fix "o's ideas by1 to *oose "o 9 :i* ! lett] ,m %\ld /& = a collective n\n ( "s sort1 :i* n\n1 be+ relat$ to ,l by "o ( its p>ts & to ,n by ano!r1 w\ld inw>dly be two ?+s :5 x /ood outw>dly 9 bo? relations4 ,?us1 "o might say3 ',david ,hume1 :o weigh$ s _m /one by 8 body1 influ5ces po/]ity by 8 doctr9e4' ,! body & ! doctr9e are two ?+s1 betwe5 :i* our f9ite m9ds c discov] no real sam5ess1 ?\gh ! same "n cov]s bo? ( !m4 ,& !n1 "o might cont9ue3 ',only an ,absolute is capable ( unit+ su* a non-id5tity4' ,we mu/1 ,i say1 avoid ?is sort ( example1 = ! dialectic insight1 if true at all1 mu/ apply to t]ms & relations univ]sally4 ,x mu/ be true ( ab/ract units z well z ( n\ns collective2 & if we prove x by concrete examples we mu/ take ! simple/1 s z to avoid irrelevant mat]ial sugge/ions4 ,tak5 ?us 9 all its g5]ality1 ! absoluti/ cont5tion seems to use z its major premise ,hume's notion 't all our di/9ct p]ceptions are di/9ct exi/5ces1 & t ! m9d nev] p]ceives any real connexion among di/9ct exi/5ces4'#df ,und\bt$ly1 s9ce we use two phrases 9 talk+ fir/ ab\t ',m's relation to ,l' & !n ab\t ',m's relation to ,n1' we mu/ be hav+1 or mu/ h _h1 two di/9ct p]ceptions2--& ! re/ w\ld !n seem to foll[ duly4 ,b ! />t+-po9t ( ! reason+ "h seems to be ! fact ( ! two phrases2 & ?is sugge/s t ! argum5t may be m]ely v]bal4 ,c x be t ! :ole dialectic consi/s 9 attribut+ to ! exp]i5ce talk$-ab\t a con/itution simil> to t ( ! language 9 :i* we describe x8 ,mu/ we ass]t ! objective d\ble-ness ( ! ,m m]ely because we h to "n x twice ov] :5 we "n its two relations8 ,c&idly1 ,i c ?9k ( no o!r reason ?an ?is = ! dialectic conclusion2#dg =1 if we ?9k1 n ( our words1 b ( any simple concrete matt] :i* !y may be held to signify1 ! exp]i5ce itself belies ! p>adox ass]t$4 ,we use inde$ two sep>ate concepts 9 analyz+ our object1 b we "k !m all ! :ile to be b sub/itutional1 & t ! ,m 9 ,l--,m & ! ,m 9 ,m--,n mean 7i4e41 are capable ( lead+ to & t]m9at+ 97 "o self-same piece1 ,m1 ( s5sible exp]i5ce4 ,?is p]si/5t id5tity ( c]ta9 units 7or emphases1 or po9ts1 or objects1 or memb]s--call !m :at y w7 ( ! exp]i5ce-cont9uum1 is j "o ( ^? conjunctive features ( x1 on :i* ,i am oblig$ to insi/ s emphatically4#dh ,= sam5esses are p>ts ( exp]i5ce's indefeasible /ructure4 ,:5 ,i he> a bell-/roke &1 z life fl[s on1 its aft] image dies away1 ,i /ill h>k back to x z 't same bell-/roke4' ,:5 ,i see a ?+ ,m1 ) ,l to ! left ( x & ,n to ! "r ( x1 ,i see x z "o ,m2 & if y tell me ,i h _h to 'take' x twice1 ,i reply t if ,i 'took' x a ?\s& times ,i %\ld /ill see x z a unit4#di ,its unity is aborig9al1 j z ! multiplicity ( my successive tak+s is aborig9al4 ,x comes unbrok5 z t ,m1 z a s+ul> :i* ,i enc\nt]2 !y come brok51 z ^? tak+s1 z my plurality ( op]ations4 ,! unity & ! sep>at5ess are /rictly co-ord9ate4 ,i d n easily fa?om :y my oppon5ts %\ld f9d ! sep>at5ess s mu* m easily und]/&able t !y mu/ ne$s infect ! :ole ( f9ite exp]i5ce ) x1 & relegate ! unity 7n[ tak5 z a b>e po/ulate & no long] z a ?+ positively p]ceivable7 to ! region ( ! ,absolute's my/]ies4 ,i d n easily fa?om ?is1 ,i say1 = ! said oppon5ts are above m]e v]bal quibbl+2 yet all t ,i c cat* 9 _! talk is ! sub/itution ( :at is true ( c]ta9 words = :at is true ( :at !y signify4 ,!y /ay ) ! words1--n return+ to ! /ream ( life :5ce all ! mean+ ( !m came1 & :i* is always ready to reabsorb !m4 ,,iv ,= aught ?is argum5t proves1 !n1 we may cont9ue to believe t "o ?+ c be kn[n by _m kn[]s4 ,b ! d5ial ( "o ?+ 9 _m relations is b "o application ( a /ill pr(\nd] dialectic difficulty4 ,man c't be good1 said ! sophi/s1 = man is man & good is good2 & ,hegel#ej & ,h]b>t 9 _! day1 m rec5tly ,a4 ,spir1#ea & mo/ rec5tly & elaborately ( all1 ,mr4 ,bradley1 in=ms u t a t]m c logically only be a puncti=m unit1 & t n "o ( ! conjunctive relations betwe5 ?+s1 :i* exp]i5ce seems to yield1 is rationally possible4 ,( c\rse1 if true1 ?is cuts (f radical empiricism )\t ev5 a %ill+4 ,radical empiricism takes conjunctive relations at _! face value1 hold+ !m to be z real z ! t]ms unit$ by !m4#eb ,! _w x repres5ts z a collection1 "s p>ts ( :i* are conjunctively & o!rs disjunctively relat$4 ,two p>ts1 !mselves disjo9$1 may nev]!less hang toge!r by int]m$i>ies ) :i* !y are sev]ally connect$1 & ! :ole _w ev5tually may hang toge!r simil>ly1 inasmu* z "s pa? ( conjunctive transition by :i* to pass f "o ( its p>ts to ano!r may always be disc]nible4 ,su* det]m9ately v>i\s hang+-toge!r may be call$ concat5at$ union1 to di/+ui% x f ! '?r\gh-&-?r\gh' type ( union1 'ea* 9 all & all 9 ea*' 7union ( total conflux1 z "o might call x71 :i* moni/ic sy/ems hold to obta9 :5 ?+s are tak5 9 _! absolute reality4 ,9 a concat5at$ _w a p>tial conflux (t5 is exp]i5c$4 ,our concepts & our s5sations are conflu5t2 successive /ates ( ! same ego1 & feel+s ( ! same body are conflu5t4 ,:]e ! exp]i5ce is n ( conflux1 x may be ( cont]m9\sness 7?+s ) b "o ?+ betwe572 or ( contigu\sness 7no?+ betwe572 or ( lik5ess2 or ( ne>ness2 or ( simultane\sness2 or ( 9-ness2 or ( on-ness2 or ( =-ness2 or ( simple )-ness2 or ev5 ( m]e &-ness1 :i* la/ relation w\ld make ( h[ev] disjo9t$ a _w o!rwise1 at any rate = t occasion a univ]se '( disc\rse4' ,n[ ,mr4 ,bradley tells u t none ( ^! relations1 z we actually exp]i5ce !m1 c possibly be real4#ec ,my next duty1 accord+ly1 mu/ be to rescue radical empiricism f ,mr4 ,bradley4 ,=tunately1 z x seems to me1 8 g5]al cont5tion1 t ! v notion ( relation is un?9kable cle>ly1 has be5 successfully met by _m critics4#ed ,x is a burd5 to ! fle%1 & an inju/ice bo? to read]s & to ! previ\s writ]s1 to repeat good argum5ts already pr9t$4 ,s1 9 notic+ ,mr4 ,bradley1 ,i w conf9e myself to ! int]e/s ( radical empiricism solely4 ,v ,! fir/ duty ( radical empiricism1 tak+ giv5 conjunctions at _! face-value1 is to class "s ( !m z m intimate & "s z m ext]nal4 ,:5 two t]ms are simil>1 _! v natures ent] into ! relation4 ,be+ :at !y are1 no matt] :]e or :51 ! lik5ess nev] c be d5i$1 if ass]t$4 ,x cont9ues pr$icable z long z ! t]ms cont9ue4 ,o!r relations1 ! :]e & ! :51 = example1 seem adv5titi\s4 ,! %eet ( pap] may be '(f' or 'on' ! table1 = example2 & 9 ei!r case ! relation involves only ! outside ( its t]ms4 ,hav+ an outside1 bo? ( !m1 !y contribute by x to ! relation4 ,x is ext]nal3 ! t]m's inn] nature is irrelevant to x4 ,any book1 any table1 may fall into ! relation1 :i* is creat$ pro hac vice1 n by _! exi/5ce1 b by _! casual situation4 ,x is j because s _m ( ! conjunctions ( exp]i5ce seem s ext]nal t a philosophy ( pure exp]i5ce mu/ t5d to pluralism 9 its ontology4 ,s f> z ?+s h space-relations1 = example1 we are free to imag9e !m ) diff]5t orig9s ev54 ,if !y c\ld get to be1 & get into space at all1 !n !y may h done s sep>ately4 ,once !re1 h[ev]1 !y are additives to "o ano!r1 &1 ) no prejudice to _! natures1 all sorts ( space-relations may sup]v5e betwe5 !m4 ,! "q ( h[ ?+s c\ld come to be anyh[1 is :olly diff]5t f ! "q :at _! relations1 once ! be+ accompli%$1 may consi/ 94 ,mr4 ,bradley n[ affirms t su* ext]nal relations z ! space-relations :i* we "h talk ( mu/ hold ( entirely diff]5t subjects f ^? ( :i* ! abs5ce ( su* relations might a mom5t previ\sly h be5 plausibly ass]t$4 ,n only is ! situation diff]5t :5 ! book is on ! table1 b ! book itself is diff]5t z a book1 f :at x 0 :5 x 0 (f ! table4#ee ,he admits t su* ext]nal relations seem possible & ev5 exi/+4444 ,t y d n alt] :at y comp>e or re>range 9 space seems to common s5se q obvi\s1 & t on ! o!r side !re are z obvi\s difficulties does n occur to common s5se at all4 ,& ,i w beg9 by po9t+ out ^! difficulties4444 ,!re is a relation 9 ! result1 & ?is relation1 we he>1 is to make no diff]5ce 9 its t]ms4 ,b1 if s1 to :at does x make a diff]5ce8 ,doesn't x make a diff]5ce to u onlook]s1 at lea/8 & :at is ! mean+ & s5se ( qualify+ ! t]ms by x8 ,surely ! mean+ is to tell ! tru? ab\t _! relative position4#ef ,if1 9 %ort1 x is ext]nal to ! t]ms1 h[ c x possibly be true ( !m8 ,is x ! 'intimacy' sugge/$ by ! little ^w '(1' "h1 :i* ,i h und]scor$1 t is ! root ( ,mr4 ,bradley's tr\ble8 444 ,if ! t]ms f _! inn] nature d n ent] into ! relation1 !n1 s f> z !y are conc]n$1 !y seem relat$ = no reason at all4444 ,?+s are spatially relat$1 fir/ 9 "o way1 & !n become relat$ 9 ano!r way1 & yet 9 no way !mselves are alt]$2 = ! relations1 x is said1 are b ext]nal4 ,b ,i reply t1 if s1 ,i c n und]/& ! leav+ by ! t]ms ( "o set ( relations & _! adoption ( ano!r fre% set4 ,! process & its result to ! t]ms1 if !y contribute no?+ to x ,surely !y contribute to x all !re is '(' x6 seem irrational ?r\gh\t4 ,if 'irrational' "h means simply 'non-rational1' or nond$uctible f ! ess5ce ( ei!r t]m s+ly1 x is no reproa*2 if x means 'contradict+' su* ess5ce1 ,mr4 ,bradley %\ld %[ :]e9 & h[4 ,b1 if !y contribute any?+1 !y mu/ surely be affect$ int]nally4 ,:y s1 if !y contribute only _! surface8 ,9 su* relations z 'on' 'a foot away1' 'betwe51' 'next1' etc41 only surfaces are 9 "q4 444 ,if ! t]ms contribute any?+ :atev]1 !n ! t]ms are affect$ inw>dly alt]$8 by ! arrangem5t4444 ,t = work+ purposes we treat1 & d well to treat1 "s relations z ext]nal m]ely ,i d n d5y1 & t ( c\rse is n ! "q at issue "h4 ,t "q is 444 :e!r 9 ! end & 9 pr9ciple a m]e ext]nal relation i4e41 a relation :i* c *ange )\t =c+ its t]ms to *ange _! nature simultane\sly is possible & =c$ on u by ! facts4#eg ,mr4 ,bradley next rev]ts to ! ant9omies ( space1 :i*1 accord+ to him1 prove x to be unreal1 al?\gh x appe>s z s prolific a m$ium ( ext]nal relations2 & he !n concludes t ,irrationality & ext]nality c n be ! la/ tru? ab\t ?+s4 ,some:]e !re mu/ be a reason :y ?is & t appe> toge!r4 ,& ?is reason & reality mu/ reside 9 ! :ole f :i* t]ms & relations are ab/ractions1 a :ole 9 :i* _! int]nal connection mu/ lie1 & out ( :i* f ! backgr\nd appe> ^? fre% results :i* nev] c\ld h come f ! premises4 ,& he adds t ,:]e ! :ole is diff]5t1 ! t]ms t qualify & contribute to x mu/ s f> be diff]5t4444 ,!y are alt]$ s f> only ,h[ f>8 f>!r ?an ext]nally1 yet n ?r\gh & ?r\gh8 b /ill !y are alt]$4444 ,i mu/ insi/ t 9 ea* case ! t]ms are qualifi$ by _! :ole ,qualifi$ h[8--,d _! ext]nal relations1 situations1 dates1 etc41 *ang$ z ^! are 9 ! new :ole1 fail to qualify !m 'f>' en\gh81 & t 9 ! second case !re is a :ole :i* diff]s bo? logically & psy*ologically f ! fir/ :ole2 & ,i urge t 9 contribut+ to ! *ange ! t]ms s f> are alt]$4 ,n m]ely ! relations1 !n1 b ! t]ms are alt]$3 und zw> 's f>4' ,b j h[ f> is ! :ole problem2 & '?r\gh-&-?r\gh' w\ld seem 79 spite ( ,mr4 ,bradley's some:at undecid$ utt]ances#eh7 to be ! full ,bradleyan answ]4 ,! ':ole' :i* he "h treats z prim>y & det]m9ative ( ea* "p's mann] ( 'contribut+1' simply mu/1 :5 x alt]s1 alt] 9 its entirety4 ,!re mu/ be total conflux ( its p>ts1 ea* into & ?r\gh ea* o!r4 ,! 'mu/' appe>s "h z a ,ma*tspru*1 z an ipse dixit ( ,mr4 ,bradley's absoluti/ically temp]$ 'und]/&+1' = he c&idly confesses t h[ ! p>ts d diff] z !y contribute to diff]5t :oles1 is unkn[n to him4#ei ,al?\gh ,i h e wi% to compreh5d ! au?ority by :i* ,mr4 ,bradley's und]/&+ speaks1 8 words leave me :olly unconv]t$4 ',ext]nal relations' /& ) _! )]s all unwrung1 & rema91 = aught he proves to ! contr>y1 n only practically workable1 b also p]fectly intelligible factors ( reality4 ,,vi ,mr4 ,bradley's und]/&+ %[s ! mo/ extraord9>y p[] ( p]ceiv+ sep>ations & ! mo/ extraord9>y impot5ce 9 compreh5d+ conjunctions4 ,"o w\ld naturally say 'nei!r or bo?1' b n s ,mr4 ,bradley4 ,:5 a common man analyzes c]ta9 :ats f out ! /ream ( exp]i5ce1 he und]/&s _! di/9ctness z ?us isolat$4 ,b ?is does n prev5t him f equally well und]/&+ _! comb9ation ) ea* o!r z orig9ally exp]i5c$ 9 ! concrete1 or _! conflu5ce ) new s5sible exp]i5ces 9 :i* !y recur z '! same4' ,return+ into ! /ream ( s5sible pres5tation1 n\ns & adjectives1 & ?ats & ab/ract :ats1 gr[ conflu5t aga91 & ! ^w 'is' names all ^! exp]i5ces ( conjunction4 ,mr4 ,bradley und]/&s ! isolation ( ! ab/racts1 b to und]/& ! comb9ation is to him impossible4#fj ,to und]/& a complex ,,ab1 he says1 ,i mu/ beg9 ) ,a or ,b4 ,& beg9n+1 say ) ,a1 if ,i !n m]ely f9d ,b1 ,i h ei!r lo/ ,a1 or ,i h got beside ,a1 ! ^w 'beside' seems "h vital1 z mean+ a conjunction 'ext]nal' & !re=e un9telligible some?+ else1 & 9 nei!r case h ,i und]/ood4#fa ,= my intellect c n simply unite a div]sity1 nor has x 9 itself any =m or way ( toge!rness1 & y ga9 no?+ if1 beside ,a & ,b1 y (f] me _! conjunction 9 fact4 ,= to my intellect t is no m ?an ano!r ext]nal elem5t4 ,& 'facts1' once = all1 are = my intellect n true unless !y satisfy x4444 ,! intellect has 9 its nature no pr9ciple ( m]e toge!rness4#fb ,( c\rse ,mr4 ,bradley has a "r to def9e 'intellect' z ! p[] by :i* we p]ceive sep>ations b n unions--provid$ he give due notice to ! read]4 ,b :y !n claim t su* a maim$ & amputat$ p[] mu/ reign supreme 9 philosophy1 & accuse on its beho( ! :ole empirical _w ( irrationality8 ,x is true t he else:]e attributes to ! intellect a proprius motus ( transition1 b says t :5 he looks = ^! transitions 9 ! detail ( liv+ exp]i5ce1 he 'is unable to v]ify su* a solution4'#fc ,yet he nev] expla9s :at ! intellectual transitions w\ld be l 9 case we _h !m4 ,he only def9es !m negatively--!y are n spatial1 temporal1 pr$icative1 or causal2 or qualitatively or o!rwise s]ial2 or 9 any way relational z we navely trace relations1 = relations sep>ate t]ms1 & ne$ !mselves to be hook$ on ad inf9itum4 ,! ne>e/ approa* he makes to describ+ a truly intellectual transition is :]e he speaks ( ,a & ,b z be+ 'unit$1 ea* f its own nature1 9 a :ole :i* is ! nature ( bo? alike4'#fd ,b ?is 7:i*1 pace ,mr4 ,bradley1 seems exquisitely analog\s to 'tak+' a cong]ies 9 a 'lump1' if n to 'swamp+'7 sugge/s no?+ b t conflux :i* pure exp]i5ce s abundantly (f]s1 z :5 'space1' ':ite' & 'sweet' are conflu5t 9 a 'lump ( sug>1' or k9e/hetic1 d]mal1 & optical s5sations conflu5t 9 'my h&4'#fe ,all t ,i c v]ify 9 ! transitions :i* ,mr4 ,bradley's intellect desid]ates z its proprius motus is a rem9isc5ce ( ^! & o!r s5sible conjunctions 7especially space-conjunctions71 b a rem9isc5ce s vague t its orig9als are n recogniz$4 ,bradley 9 %ort repeats ! fable ( ! dog1 ! bone1 & its image 9 ! wat]4 ,) a _w ( p>ticul>s1 giv5 9 lovelie/ union1 9 conjunction def9itely v>i\s1 & v>i\sly def9ite1 ! 'h[' ( :i* y 'und]/&' z soon z y see ! fact ( !m1#ff = !re is no 'h[' except ! con/itution ( ! fact z giv52 ) all ?is giv5 him1 ,i say1 9 pure exp]i5ce1 he asks = "s ineffable union 9 ! ab/ract in/ead1 :i*1 if he ga9$ x1 w\ld only be a duplicate ( :at he has already 9 8 full possession4 ,surely he abuses ! privilege :i* society grants to all u philosoph]s1 ( be+ puzzle-head$4 ,polemic writ+ l ?is is odi\s2 b ) absolutism 9 possession 9 s _m qu>t]s1 omission to def5d my radical empiricism aga9/ its be/ kn[n *ampion w\ld c\nt z ei!r sup]ficiality or inability4 ,i h to conclude t its dialectic has n invalidat$ 9 ! lea/ degree ! usual conjunctions by :i* ! _w1 z exp]i5c$1 hangs s v>i\sly toge!r4 ,9 p>ticul> x leaves an empirical !ory ( k#fg intact1 & lets u cont9ue to believe ) common s5se t "o object may be kn[n1 if we h any gr\nd = ?9k+ t x is kn[n1 to _m kn[]s4 ,9 ! next essay ,i %all return to ?is la/ supposition1 :i* seems to me to (f] o!r difficulties mu* h>d] = a philosophy ( pure exp]i5ce to deal ) ?an any ( absolutism's dialectic objections4 ,,footnotes3 #dc ,repr9t$ f ,! ,j\rnal ( ,philosophy1 ,psy*ology & ,sci5tific ,me?ods1 vol4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #b1 ,janu>y #ai1 #aije4 ,repr9t$ also z ,app5dix ,a 9 ,a ,plurali/ic ,univ]se1 pp4 #cdg-cfi4 ,! au?or's corrections h be5 adopt$ 9 ! pres5t text4 ,,ed4 #dd ,f4 ,h4 ,bradley3 ,appe>ance & ,reality1 second edition1 pp4 #aeb-aec1 #bc1 #aah1 #ajd1 #ajh-aji1 #egj4 #de ,comp>e ,pr(essor ,mac,lennan's admirable ,ause9&]setzung ) ,mr4 ,bradley1 9 ,! ,j\rnal ( ,philosophy1 ,psy*ology & ,sci5tific ,me?ods1 vol4 ,i1 #aijd1 pp4 #djc ff41 especially pp4 #dje-djg4 #df ,hume3 ,treatise ( ,human ,nature1 ,app5dix1 ,selby-,bigge's edition1 p4 #fcf4 #dg ,te*nically1 x seems classable z a 'fallacy ( composition4' ,a duality1 pr$icable ( ! two :oles1 ,l--,m & ,m--,n1 is =?) pr$icat$ ( "o ( _! p>ts1 ,m4 #dh ,see above1 pp4 #db ff4 #di ,i may p]haps ref] "h to my ,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology1 vol4 ,i1 pp4 #dei ff4 ,x really seems 'weird' to h to argue 7z ,i am =c$ n[ to d7 = ! notion t x is "o %eet ( pap] 7) its two surfaces & all t lies betwe57 :i* is bo? "u my p5 & on ! table :ile ,i write--! 'claim' t x is two %eets seems s braz54 ,yet ,i sometimes suspect ! absoluti/s ( s9c]ity6 #ej ,= ! au?or's criticism ( ,hegel's view ( relations1 cf4 ,w to ,believe1 pp4 #bgh-bgi4 ,,ed4 #ea ,cf4 ,a4 ,spir3 ,d5k5 und ,wirkli*keit1 "p ,i1 bk4 ,,iii1 *4 ,,iv 7conta9+ also acc\nt ( ,h]b>t74 ,,ed4 #eb ,see above1 pp4 #db1 #di4 #ec ,"h aga9 ! read] mu/ bew>e ( slipp+ f logical into ph5om5al consid]ations4 ,x may well be t we attribute a c]ta9 relation falsely1 because ! circum/ances ( ! case1 be+ complex1 h deceiv$ u4 ,at a railway /ation we may take our own tra91 & n ! "o t fills our w9d[1 to be mov+4 ,we "h put motion 9 ! wrong place 9 ! _w1 b 9 its orig9al place ! motion is a "p ( reality4 ,:at ,mr4 ,bradley means is no?+ l ?is1 b r t su* ?+s z motion are n[h]e real1 & t1 ev5 9 _! aborig9al & empirically incorrigible seats1 relations are impossible ( compreh5sion4 #ed ,p>ticul>ly s by ,&rew ,se? ,pr+le-,pattison1 9 8 ,man & ! ,cosmos2 by ,l4 ,t4 ,hobh\se1 9 *apt] ,,xii 7,! ,validity ( ,judgm5t7 ( 8 ,!ory ( ,k2 & by ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,s*ill]1 9 8 ,humanism1 essay ,,xi4 ,o!r fatal reviews 79 my op9ion7 are ,hodd]'s1 9 ! ,psy*ological ,review1 vol4 ,i1 #ahid1 p4 #cjg2 ,/\t's 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,ari/otelian ,society1 #aija-b1 p4 #a2 & ,mac,lennan's 9 ,! ,j\rnal ( ,philosophy1 ,psy*ology & ,sci5tific ,me?ods1 vol4 ,i1 #aijd1 p4 #djc4 #ee ,once m1 don't slip f logical into physical situations4 ,( c\rse1 if ! table be wet1 x w moi/5 ! book1 or if x be slight en\gh & ! book heavy en\gh1 ! book w break x d[n4 ,b su* collat]al ph5om5a are n ! po9t at issue4 ,! po9t is :e!r ! successive relations 'on' & 'n-on' c rationally 7n physically7 hold ( ! same con/ant t]ms1 ab/ractly tak54 ,pr(essor ,a4 ,e4 ,taylor drops f logical into mat]ial consid]ations :5 he in/ances color-contra/ z a pro( t ,a1 'z contra-di/+ui%$ f ,b1 is n ! same ?+ z m]e ,a n 9 any way affect$' 7,elem5ts ( ,metaphysics1 p4 #ade74 ,note ! sub/itution1 = 'relat$' ( ! ^w 'affect$1' :i* begs ! :ole "q4 #ef ,b is !re any s5se1 asks ,mr4 ,bradley1 peevi%ly1 on p4 #egi1 & if s1 :at s5se 9 tru? t is only outside & 'ab\t' ?+s8 ,surely su* a "q may be left unansw]$4 #eg ,appe>ance & ,reality1 second edition1 pp4 #ege-egf4 #eh ,i say 'undecid$1' because1 ap>t f ! 's f>1' :i* s\nds t]ribly half-he>t$1 !re are passages 9 ^! v pages 9 :i* ,mr4 ,bradley admits ! plurali/ic !sis4 ,read1 = example1 :at he says1 on p4 #egh1 ( a billi>d ball keep+ its '"*' un*ang$1 ?\gh1 9 its *ange ( place1 its 'exi/5ce' gets alt]$2 or :at he says1 on p4 #egi1 ( ! possibility t an ab/ract quality ,a1 ,b1 or ,c1 9 a ?+1 'may ?r\gh\t rema9 un*ang$' al?\gh ! ?+ be alt]$2 or 8 admission t 9 r$-hair$ness1 bo? z analyz$ out ( a man & :5 giv5 ) ! re/ ( him1 !re may be 'no *ange' 7p4 #ehj74 ,:y does he imm$iately add t = ! plurali/ to plead ! non-mutation ( su* ab/ractions w\ld be an ignoratio el5*i8 ,x is impossible to admit x to be su*4 ,! entire el5*us & inque/ is j z to :e!r p>ts :i* y c ab/ract f exi/+ :oles c also contribute to o!r :oles )\t *ang+ _! inn] nature4 ,if !y c ?us m\ld v>i\s :oles into new ge/altqualitt51 !n x foll[s t ! same elem5ts are logically able to exi/ 9 diff]5t :oles :e!r physically able w\ld dep5d on additional hypo!ses2 t p>tial *anges are ?9kable1 & ?r\gh-&-?r\gh *ange n a dialectic necessity2 t monism is only an hypo!sis2 & t an additively con/itut$ univ]se is a rationally respectable hypo!sis also4 ,all ! !ses ( radical empiricism1 9 %ort1 foll[4 #ei ,op4 cit41 pp4 #egg-egi4 #fj ,s f> z ,i cat* 8 /ate ( m9d1 x is some:at l ?is3 ',book1' 'table1' 'on'--h[ does ! exi/5ce ( ^! ?ree ab/ract elem5ts result 9 ?is book be+ liv+ly on ?is table4 ,:y isn't ! table on ! book8 ,or :y doesn't ! 'on' connect itself ) ano!r book1 or some?+ t is n a table8 ,mu/n't some?+ 9 ea* ( ! ?ree elem5ts already det]m9e ! two o!rs to x1 s t !y d n settle else:]e or float vaguely8 ,mu/n't ! :ole fact be pre-figur$ 9 ea* "p1 & exi/ de jure be=e x c exi/ de facto8 ,b1 if s1 9 :at c ! jural exi/5ce consi/1 if n 9 a spiritual m9iature ( ! :ole fact's con/itution actuat+ e p>tial factor z its purpose8 ,b is ?is any?+ b ! old metaphysical fallacy ( look+ beh9d a fact 9 esse = ! gr\nd ( ! fact1 & f9d+ x 9 ! %ape ( ! v same fact 9 posse8 ,some:]e we mu/ leave (f ) a con/itution beh9d :i* !re is no?+4 #fa ,apply ?is to ! case ( 'book-on-table'6 ,w4 ,j4 #fb ,op4 cit41 pp4 #egj1 #egb4 #fc ,op4 cit41 pp4 #efh1 #efi4 #fd ,op4 cit41 p4 #egj4 #fe ,h[ mean+less is ! cont5tion t 9 su* :oles 7or 9 'book-on-table1' 'wat*-9-pocket1' etc47 ! relation is an additional entity betwe5 ! t]ms1 ne$+ itself to be relat$ aga9 to ea*6 ,bo? ,bradley 7op4 cit41 pp4 #cb-cc7 & ,royce 7,! ,_w & ! ,individual1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #abh7 lov+ly repeat ?is piece ( pr(undity4 #ff ,! ':y' & ! ':5ce' are entirely o!r que/ions1 n "u discussion1 z ,i und]/& ,mr4 ,bradley4 ,n h[ exp]i5ce gets itself born1 b h[ x c be :at x is aft] x is born1 is ! puzzle4 #fg ,above1 p4 #eb4 ,,iv ,,h[ ,,two ,,m9ds ,,c ,,"k ,,"o ,,?+#fh ,9 ! essay entitl$ ',does ,consci\sness ,exi/8' ,i h tri$ to %[ t :5 we call an exp]i5ce 'consci\s1' t does n mean t x is suffus$ ?r\gh\t ) a peculi> modality ( be+ 7'psy*ic' be+7 z /a9$ glass may be suffus$ ) light1 b r t x /&s 9 c]ta9 det]m9ate relations to o!r portions ( exp]i5ce extrane\s to itself4 ,^! =m "o peculi> 'context' = x2 :ile1 tak5 9 ano!r context ( exp]i5ces1 we class x z a fact 9 ! physical _w4 ,?is 'p51' = example1 is1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 a bald t1 a datum1 fact1 ph5om5on1 cont5t1 or :atev] o!r neutral or ambigu\s "n y may pref] to apply4 ,i call$ x 9 t article a 'pure exp]i5ce4' ,to get class$ ei!r z a physical p5 or z "s "o's p]cept ( a p51 x mu/ assume a function1 & t c only happ5 9 a m complicat$ _w4 ,s f> z 9 t _w x is a /able feature1 holds ink1 m>ks pap] & obeys ! guidance ( a h&1 x is a physical p54 ,t is :at we mean by be+ 'physical1' 9 a p54 ,s f> z x is in/able1 on ! contr>y1 com+ & go+ ) ! movem5ts ( my eyes1 alt]+ ) :at ,i call my fancy1 cont9u\s ) subsequ5t exp]i5ces ( its 'hav+ be5' 79 ! pa/ t5se71 x is ! p]cept ( a p5 9 my m9d4 ,^? peculi>ities are :at we mean by be+ 'consci\s1' 9 a p54 ,9 ,section ,,vi ( ano!r essay#fi ,i tri$ to %[ t ! same t1 ! same num]ically id5tical p5 ( pure exp]i5ce1 c ent] simultane\sly into _m consci\s contexts1 or1 9 o!r words1 be an object = _m diff]5t m9ds4 ,i admitt$ t ,i _h n space to treat ( c]ta9 possible objections 9 t article2 b 9 ! la/ essay ,i took "s ( ! objections up4 ,at ! end ( t essay ,i said t /ill m =midable-s\nd+ objections rema9$2 s1 to leave my pure-exp]i5ce !ory 9 z /rong a /ate z possible1 ,i propose to consid] ^? objections n[4 ,i ,! objections ,i previ\sly tri$ to dispose ( 7 purely logical or dialectical4 ,no "o id5tical t]m1 :e!r physical or psy*ical1 x _h be5 said1 c\ld be ! subject ( two relations at once4 ,?is !sis ,i s\ght to prove unf\nd$4 ,! objections t n[ confront u arise f ! nature suppos$ to inh]e 9 psy*ic facts specifically4 ,:atev] may be ! case ) physical objects1 a fact ( consci\sness1 x is alleg$ 7& inde$ v plausibly71 c n1 )\t self-contradiction1 be treat$ z a portion ( two diff]5t m9ds1 & = ! foll[+ reasons4 ,9 ! physical _w we make ) impunity ! assumption t "o & ! same mat]ial object c figure 9 an indef9itely l>ge numb] ( diff]5t processes at once4 ,:51 = in/ance1 a %eet ( rubb] is pull$ at its f\r corn]s1 a unit ( rubb] 9 ! middle ( ! %eet is affect$ by all f\r ( ! pulls4 ,x transmits !m ea*1 z if x pull$ 9 f\r diff]5t ways at once itself4 ,s1 an air-p>ticle or an e!r-p>ticle 'comp\nds' ! diff]5t directions ( movem5t impr9t$ on x )\t oblit]at+ _! sev]al individualities4 ,x deliv]s !m di/9ct1 on ! contr>y1 at z _m sev]al 'receiv]s' 7e>1 eye or :at n7 z may be 'tun$' to t effect4 ,! app>5t p>adox ( a di/9ctness l ?is surviv+ 9 ! mid/ ( comp\nd+ is a ?+ :i*1 ,i fancy1 ! analyses made by physici/s h by ?is "t suffici5tly cle>$ up4 ,b if1 on ! /r5g? ( ^! analogies1 "o %\ld ask3 ,:y1 if two or m l9es c run ?r\gh "o & ! same geometrical po9t1 or if two or m di/9ct processes ( activity c run ?r\gh "o & ! same physical ?+ s t x simultane\sly plays a rle 9 ea* & e process1 might n two or m /reams ( p]sonal consci\sness include "o & ! same unit ( exp]i5ce s t x w\ld simultane\sly be a "p ( ! exp]i5ce ( all ! diff]5t m9ds8 "o w\ld be *eck$ by ?9k+ ( a c]ta9 peculi>ity by :i* ph5om5a ( consci\sness diff] f physical ?+s4 ,:ile physical ?+s1 namely1 are suppos$ to be p]man5t & to h _! '/ates1' a fact ( consci\sness exi/s b once & is a /ate4 ,its esse is s5tiri2 x is only s f> z x is felt2 & x is unambigu\sly & unequivocally exactly :at is felt4 ,! hypo!sis "u consid]ation w\ld1 h[ev]1 oblige x to be felt equivocally1 felt n[ z "p ( my m9d & aga9 at ! same "t n z a "p ( my m9d1 b ( y\rs 7= my m9d is n y\rs71 & ?is w\ld seem impossible )\t d\bl+ x into two di/9ct ?+s1 or1 9 o!r words1 )\t rev]t+ to ! ord9>y duali/ic philosophy ( insulat$ m9ds ea* kn[+ its object repres5tatively z a ?ird ?+1--& t w\ld be to give up ! pure-exp]i5ce s*eme altoge!r4 ,c we see1 !n1 any way 9 :i* a unit ( pure exp]i5ce might ent] into & figure 9 two div]se /reams ( consci\sness )\t turn+ itself into ! two units :i*1 on our hypo!sis1 x mu/ n be8 ,,ii ,!re is a way2 & ! fir/ /ep t[>ds x is to see m precisely h[ ! unit ent]s into ei!r "o ( ! /reams ( consci\sness alone4 ,j :at1 f be+ 'pure1' does its becom+ 'consci\s' once mean8 ,x means1 fir/1 t new exp]i5ces h sup]v5$2 &1 second1 t !y h borne a c]ta9 assignable relation to ! unit suppos$4 ,cont9ue1 if y please1 to speak ( ! pure unit z '! p54' ,s f> z ! p5's successors d b repeat ! p5 or1 be+ diff]5t f x1 are 'en]getically'#gj relat$ to x1 x & !y w =m a gr\p ( /ably exi/+ physical ?+s4 ,s f>1 h[ev]1 z its successors diff] f x 9 ano!r well-det]m9$ way1 ! p5 w figure 9 _! context1 n z a physical1 b z a m5tal fact4 ,x w become a pass+ 'p]cept1' my p]cept ( t p54 ,:at n[ is t decisive well-det]m9$ way8 ,9 ! *apt] on ',! ,self1' 9 my ,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology1 ,i expla9$ ! cont9u\s id5tity ( ea* p]sonal consci\sness z a "n = ! practical fact t new exp]i5ces#ga come :i* look back on ! old ones1 f9d !m 'w>m1' & greet & appropriate !m z 'm9e4' ,^! op]ations mean1 :5 analyz$ empirically1 sev]al tol]ably def9ite ?+s1 viz43 #a4 ,t ! new exp]i5ce has pa/ "t = its 'cont5t1' & 9 t "t a p5 t '0'2 #b4 ,t 'w>m?' 0 also ab\t ! p51 9 ! s5se ( a gr\p ( feel+s 7'int]e/' ar\s$1 'att5tion' turn$1 'eyes' employ$1 etc47 t 7 closely connect$ ) x & t n[ recur & ev]more recur ) unbrok5 vividness1 ?\gh f ! p5 ( n[1 :i* may be only an image1 all su* vividness may h gone2 #c4 ,t ^! feel+s are ! nucleus ( 'me'2 #d4 ,t :atev] once 0 associat$ ) !m 01 at lea/ = t "o mom5t1 'm9e'--my implem5t if associat$ ) h&-feel+s1 my 'p]cept' only1 if only eye-feel+s & att5tion-feel+s 7 involv$4 ,! p51 realiz$ 9 ?is retrospective way z my p]cept1 ?us figures z a fact ( 'consci\s' life4 ,b x does s only s f> z 'appropriation' has occurr$2 & appropriation is "p ( ! cont5t ( a lat] exp]i5ce :olly additional to ! orig9ally 'pure' p54 ,t p51 virtually bo? objective & subjective1 is at its own mom5t actually & intr9sically nei!r4 ,x has to be look$ back ^u & us$1 9 ord] to be class$ 9 ei!r di/9ctive way4 ,b its use1 s call$1 is 9 ! h&s ( ! o!r exp]i5ce1 :ile x /&s1 ?r\gh\t ! op]ation1 passive & un*ang$4 ,if ?is pass mu/] z an intelligible acc\nt ( h[ an exp]i5ce orig9ally pure c ent] into "o consci\sness1 ! next "q is z to h[ x might conceivably ent] into two4 ,,iii ,obvi\sly no new k9d ( condition w\ld h to be suppli$4 ,all t we %\ld h to po/ulate w\ld be a second subsequ5t exp]i5ce1 collat]al & contempor>y ) ! fir/ subsequ5t "o1 9 :i* a simil> act ( appropriation %\ld occur4 ,! two acts w\ld int]f]e nei!r ) "o ano!r nor ) ! orig9ally pure p54 ,x w\ld sleep undi/urb$ 9 its own pa/1 no matt] h[ _m su* successors w5t ?r\gh _! sev]al appropriative acts4 ,ea* w\ld "k x z 'my' p]cept1 ea* w\ld class x z a 'consci\s' fact4 ,nor ne$ _! s class+ x int]f]e 9 ! lea/ ) _! class+ x at ! same "t z a physical p54 ,s9ce ! class+ 9 bo? cases dep5ds ^u ! tak+ ( x 9 "o gr\p or ano!r ( associates1 if ! sup]s$+ exp]i5ce 7 ( wide en\gh 'span' x c\ld ?9k ! p5 9 bo? gr\ps simultane\sly1 & yet di/+ui% ! two gr\ps4 ,x w\ld !n see ! :ole situation con=mably to :at we call '! repres5tative !ory ( cognition1' & t is :at we all spontane\sly d4 ,z a man philosophiz+ 'popul>ly1' ,i believe t :at ,i see myself writ+ ) is d\ble--,i ?9k x 9 its relations to physical nature1 & also 9 its relations to my p]sonal life2 ,i see t x is 9 my m9d1 b t x also is a physical p54 ,! p>adox ( ! same exp]i5ce figur+ 9 two consci\snesses seems ?us no p>adox at all4 ,to be 'consci\s' means n simply to be1 b to be report$1 kn[n1 to h aw>5ess ( "o's be+ add$ to t be+2 & ?is is j :at happ5s :5 ! appropriative exp]i5ce sup]v5es4 ,! p5-exp]i5ce 9 its orig9al imm$iacy is n aw>e ( itself1 x simply is1 & ! second exp]i5ce is requir$ = :at we call aw>5ess ( x to occur4#gb ,! difficulty ( und]/&+ :at happ5s "h is1 !re=e1 n a logical difficulty3 !re is no contradiction involv$4 ,x is an ontological difficulty r4 ,exp]i5ces come on an enorm\s scale1 & if we take !m all toge!r1 !y come 9 a *aos ( incomm5surable relations t we c n /raight5 out4 ,we h to ab/ract diff]5t gr\ps ( !m1 & h&le ^! sep>ately if we are to talk ( !m at all4 ,b h[ ! exp]i5ces ev] get !mselves made1 or :y _! *>act]s & relations are j su* z appe>1 we c n beg9 to und]/&4 ,grant+1 h[ev]1 t1 by hook or crook1 !y c get !mselves made1 & c appe> 9 ! successions t ,i h s s*ematically describ$1 !n we h to confess t ev5 al?\gh 7z ,i began by quot+ f ! adv]s>y7 'a feel+ only is z x is felt1' !re is /ill no?+ absurd 9 ! notion ( its be+ felt 9 two diff]5t ways at once1 z y\rs1 namely1 & z m9e4 ,x is1 inde$1 'm9e' only z x is felt z m9e1 & 'y\rs' only z x is felt z y\rs4 ,b x is felt z nei!r by itself1 b only :5 'own$' by our two sev]al rememb]+ exp]i5ces1 j z "o undivid$ e/ate is own$ by sev]al heirs4 ,,iv ,"o ^w1 n[1 be=e ,i close1 ab\t ! coroll>ies ( ! views set =?4 ,s9ce ! acquisition ( consci\s quality on ! "p ( an exp]i5ce dep5ds ^u a context com+ to x1 x foll[s t ! sum total ( all exp]i5ces1 hav+ no context1 c n /rictly be call$ consci\s at all4 ,x is a t1 an ,absolute1 a 'pure' exp]i5ce on an enorm\s scale1 undiff]5tiat$ & undiff]5tiable into ?\ght & ?+4 ,?is ! po/-,kantian ideali/s h always practically ackn[l$g$ by call+ _! doctr9e an ,id5tittsphilosophie4 ,! "q ( ! ,beseelung ( ! ,all ( ?+s ought n1 !n1 ev5 to be ask$4 ,no m ought ! "q ( its tru? to be ask$1 = tru? is a relation inside ( ! sum total1 obta9+ betwe5 ?\ghts & some?+ else1 & ?\ghts1 z we h se51 c only be contextual ?+s4 ,9 ^! respects ! pure exp]i5ces ( our philosophy are1 9 !mselves consid]$1 s _m little absolutes1 ! philosophy ( pure exp]i5ce be+ only a m comm9ut$ ,id5tittsphilosophie4#gc ,mean:ile1 a pure exp]i5ce c be po/ulat$ ) any am\nt :atev] ( span or field4 ,if x ex]t ! retrospective & appropriative function on any o!r piece ( exp]i5ce1 ! latt] !reby ent]s into its own consci\s /ream4 ,& 9 ?is op]ation "t int]vals make no ess5tial diff]5ce4 ,aft] sleep+1 my retrospection is z p]fect z x is betwe5 two successive wak+ mom5ts ( my "t4 ,accord+ly if1 millions ( ye>s lat]1 a simil>ly retrospective exp]i5ce %\ld anyh[ come to bir?1 my pres5t ?\ght w\ld =m a g5u9e portion ( its long-span consci\s life4 ',=m a portion1' ,i say1 b n 9 ! s5se t ! two ?+s c\ld be entitatively or sub/antively "o--!y _c1 = !y are num]ically discrete facts--b only 9 ! s5se t ! functions ( my pres5t ?\ght1 its k1 its purpose1 its cont5t & 'consci\sness1' 9 %ort1 be+ inh]it$1 w\ld be cont9u$ practically un*ang$4 ,speculations l ,fe*n]'s1 ( an ,e>?-s\l1 ( wid] spans ( consci\sness envelop+ n>r[] ones ?r\gh\t ! cosmos1 are1 !re=e1 philosophically q 9 ord]1 provid$ !y di/+ui% ! functional f ! entitative po9t ( view1 & d n treat ! m9or consci\sness "u discussion z a k9d ( /&+ mat]ial ( :i* ! wid] ones consi/4#gd ,,footnotes3 #fh ,repr9t$ f ,! ,j\rnal ( ,philosophy1 ,psy*ology & ,sci5tific ,me?ods1 vol4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #g1 ,m>* #cj1 #aije4 #fi ,a ,_w ( ,pure ,exp]i5ce1 above1 pp4 #ci-ia4 #gj ,= an explanation ( ?is expression1 see above1 p4 #cb4 #ga ,i call !m 'pass+ ?\ghts' 9 ! book--! passage 9 po9t goes f pages #ccj to #cdb ( vol4 ,i4 #gb ,%adwor? ,hodgson has laid great /ress on ! fact t ! m9imum ( consci\sness dem&s two subfeel+s1 ( :i* ! second retrospects ! fir/4 7,cf4 ! section ',analysis ( ,m9ima' 9 8 ,philosophy ( ,reflection1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #bdh2 also ! *apt] entitl$ ',! ,mom5t ( ,exp]i5ce' 9 8 ,metaphysic ( ,exp]i5ce1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #cd47 ',we live =w>d1 b we und]/& backw>d' is a phrase ( ,ki]kega>d's :i* ,hffd+ quotes4 ,h4 ,hffd+3 ,a ,philosophical ,confession1 ,j\rnal ( ,philosophy1 ,psy*ology & ,sci5tific ,me?ods1 vol4 ,,ii1 #aije1 p4 #hf4 #gc ,cf4 bel[1 pp4 #aig1 #bjb4 #gd ,cf4 ,a ,plurali/ic ,univ]se1 ,lect4 ,,iv1 ',conc]n+ ,fe*n]1' & ,lect4 ,v1 ',! ,comp\nd+ ( ,consci\sness4' ,v ,,! ,,place ,,( ,,affectional ,,facts ,,9 ,a ,,_w ,,( ,,pure ,,exp]i5ce#ge ,common s5se & popul> philosophy are z duali/ic z x is possible to be4 ,?\ghts1 we all naturally ?9k1 are made ( "o k9d ( sub/ance1 & ?+s ( ano!r4 ,consci\sness1 fl[+ inside ( u 9 ! =ms ( conception or judgm5t1 or conc5trat+ itself 9 ! %ape ( passion or emotion1 c be directly felt z ! spiritual activity :i* x is1 & kn[n 9 contra/ ) ! space-fill+ objective 'cont5t' :i* x envelopes & accompanies4 ,9 opposition to ?is duali/ic philosophy1 ,i tri$1 9 ! fir/ essay to %[ t ?\ghts & ?+s are absolutely homog5e\s z to _! mat]ial1 & t _! opposition is only "o ( relation & ( function4 ,!re is no ?\ght-/uff diff]5t f ?+-/uff1 ,i said2 b ! same id5tical piece ( 'pure exp]i5ce' 7:i* 0 ! "n ,i gave to ! mat]ia prima ( ev]y?+7 c /& alt]nately = a 'fact ( consci\sness' or = a physical reality1 accord+ z x is tak5 9 "o context or 9 ano!r4 ,= ! "r und]/&+ ( :at foll[s1 ,i %all h to presuppose t ! read] w h read t essay4#gf ,! commone/ objection :i* ! doctr9e !re laid d[n runs up aga9/ is drawn f ! exi/5ce ( our 'affections4' ,9 our pleasures & pa9s1 our loves & fe>s & ang]s1 9 ! beauty1 comicality1 importance or preci\sness ( c]ta9 objects & situations1 we h1 ,i am told by _m critics1 a great realm ( exp]i5ce intuitively recogniz$ z spiritual1 made1 & felt to be made1 ( consci\sness exclusively1 & diff]5t 9 nature f ! space-fill+ k9d ( be+ :i* is enjoy$ by physical objects4 ,9 ,section ,,vii4 ( ! fir/ essay1 ,i treat$ ( ?is class ( exp]i5ces v inadequately1 because ,i _h to be s brief4 ,i n[ return to ! subject1 because ,i believe t1 s f> f invalidat+ my g5]al !sis1 ^! ph5om5a1 :5 prop]ly analyz$1 af=d x p[]ful support4 ,! c5tral po9t ( ! pure-exp]i5ce !ory is t 'out]' & 'inn]' are names = two gr\ps into :i* we sort exp]i5ces accord+ to ! way 9 :i* !y act ^u _! neighbors4 ,any "o 'cont5t1' su* z h>d1 let u say1 c be assign$ to ei!r gr\p4 ,9 ! out] gr\p x is '/rong1' x acts 'en]getically' & aggressively4 ,"h :atev] is h>d int]f]es ) ! space its neighbors occupy4 ,x d5ts !m2 is imp5etrable by !m2 & we call ! h>dness !n a physical h>dness4 ,9 ! m9d1 on ! contr>y1 ! h>d ?+ is n[h]e 9 p>ticul>1 x d5ts no?+1 x suffuses ?r\gh its m5tal neighbors1 z x 71 & int]p5etrates !m4 ,tak5 9 ?is gr\p we call bo? x & !m 'ideas' or 's5sations'2 & ! basis ( ! two gr\ps respectively is ! diff]5t type ( int]relation1 ! mutual imp5etrability1 on ! "o h&1 & ! lack ( physical int]f]5ce & int]action1 on ! o!r4 ,t :at 9 itself is "o & ! same entity %\ld be able to function ?us diff]5tly 9 diff]5t contexts is a natural consequ5ce ( ! extremely complex reticulations 9 :i* our exp]i5ces come4 ,to h] (fspr+ a tigress is t5d]1 b cruel to e o!r liv+ ?+--bo? cruel & t5d]1 !re=e1 at once4 ,a mass 9 movem5t resi/s e =ce t op]ates contr>iwise to its own direction1 b to =ces t pursue ! same direction1 or come 9 at "r angles1 x is absolutely in]t4 ,x is ?us bo? en]getic & in]t2 & ! same is true 7if y v>y ! associates prop]ly7 ( e o!r piece ( exp]i5ce4 ,x is only t[>ds c]ta9 specific gr\ps ( associates t ! physical en]gies1 z we call !m1 ( a cont5t are put =?4 ,9 ano!r gr\p x may be q in]t4 ,x is possible to imag9e a univ]se ( exp]i5ces 9 :i* ! only alt]native betwe5 neighbors w\ld be ei!r physical int]action or complete in]tness4 ,9 su* a _w ! m5tal or ! physical /atus ( any piece ( exp]i5ce w\ld be unequivocal4 ,:5 active1 x w\ld figure 9 ! physical1 & :5 inactive1 9 ! m5tal gr\p4 ,b ! univ]se we live 9 is m *aotic ?an ?is1 & !re is room 9 x = ! hybrid or ambigu\s gr\p ( our affectional exp]i5ces1 ( our emotions & appreciative p]ceptions4 ,9 ! p>agraphs t foll[ ,i %all try to %[3 7#a7 ,t ! popul> notion t ^! exp]i5ces are intuitively giv5 z purely inn] facts is ha/y & errone\s2 & 7#b7 ,t _! ambiguity illu/rates beautifully my c5tral !sis t subjectivity & objectivity are affairs n ( :at an exp]i5ce is aborig9ally made (1 b ( its classification4 ,classifications dep5d on our tempor>y purposes4 ,= c]ta9 purposes x is conv5i5t to take ?+s 9 "o set ( relations1 = o!r purposes 9 ano!r set4 ,9 ! two cases _! contexts are apt to be diff]5t4 ,9 ! case ( our affectional exp]i5ces we h no p]man5t & /eadfa/ purpose t obliges u to be consi/5t1 s we f9d x easy to let !m float ambigu\sly1 sometimes class+ !m ) our feel+s1 sometimes ) m physical realities1 accord+ to caprice or to ! conv5i5ce ( ! mom5t4 ,?us w\ld ^! exp]i5ces1 s f> f be+ an ob/acle to ! pure exp]i5ce philosophy1 s]ve z an excell5t corroboration ( its tru?4 ,fir/ ( all1 !n1 x is a mi/ake to say1 ) ! objectors :om ,i began by cit+1 t ang]1 love & fe> are affections purely ( ! m9d4 ,t1 to a great ext5t at any rate1 !y are simultane\sly affections ( ! body is prov$ by ! :ole lit]ature ( ! ,james-,lange !ory ( emotion4#gg ,all our pa9s1 moreov]1 are local1 & we are always free to speak ( !m 9 objective z well z 9 subjective t]ms4 ,we c say t we are aw>e ( a pa9ful place1 fill+ a c]ta9 bigness 9 our organism1 or we c say t we are inw>dly 9 a '/ate' ( pa94 ,all our adjectives ( wor? are simil>ly ambigu\s--,i in/anc$ "s ( ! ambiguities 9 ! fir/ essay4#gh ,is ! preci\sness ( a diamond a quality ( ! gem8 or is x a feel+ 9 our m9d8 ,practically we treat x z bo? or z ei!r1 accord+ to ! tempor>y direction ( our ?\ght4 ',beauty1' says ,pr(essor ,santayana1 'is pleasure objectifi$'2 & 9 ,sections #aj & #aa ( 8 "w1 ,! ,s5se ( ,beauty1 he treats 9 a ma/]ly way ( ?is equivocal realm4 ,! v>i\s pleasures we receive f an object may c\nt z 'feel+s' :5 we take !m s+ly1 b :5 !y comb9e 9 a total ri*ness1 we call ! result ! 'beauty' ( ! object1 & treat x z an out] attribute :i* our m9d p]ceives4 ,we discov] beauty j z we discov] ! physical prop]ties ( ?+s4 ,tra9+ is ne$$ to make u exp]t 9 ei!r l9e4 ,s+le s5sations also may be ambigu\s4 ,%all we say an 'agreeable degree ( heat1' or an 'agreeable feel+' occasion$ by ! degree ( heat8 ,ei!r w d2 & language w\ld lose mo/ ( its e/hetic & rhetorical value 7 we =bidd5 to project words prim>ily connot+ our affections ^u ! objects by :i* ! affections are ar\s$4 ,! man is really hateful2 ! action really mean2 ! situation really tragic--all 9 !mselves & q ap>t f our op9ion4 ,we ev5 g s f> z to talk ( a we>y road1 a giddy height1 a jocund morn+ or a sull5 sky2 & ! t]m 'indef9ite' :ile usually appli$ only to our appreh5sions1 functions z a fundam5tal physical qualification ( ?+s 9 ,sp5c]'s 'law ( evolution1' & d\btless passes ) mo/ read]s = all "r4 ,psy*ologi/s1 /udy+ our p]ceptions ( movem5t1 h une>!d exp]i5ces 9 :i* movem5t is felt 9 g5]al b n ascrib$ correctly to ! body t really moves4 ,?us 9 optical v]tigo1 caus$ by unconsci\s movem5ts ( our eyes1 bo? we & ! ext]nal univ]se appe> to be 9 a :irl4 ,:5 cl\ds float by ! moon1 x is z if bo? cl\ds & moon & we ourselves %>$ 9 ! motion4 ,9 ! extraord9>y case ( amnesia ( ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,hanna1 publi%$ by ,sidis & ,goodh>t 9 _! important "w on ,multiple ,p]sonality1 we read t :5 ! pati5t fir/ recov]$ consci\sness & notic$ an att5dant walk across ! room1 he id5tifi$ ! movem5t ) t ( 8 own4 ,he did n yet discrim9ate betwe5 8 own movem5ts & ^? outside himself4#gi ,su* exp]i5ces po9t to a primitive /age ( p]ception 9 :i* discrim9ations aft]w>ds ne$ful h n yet be5 made4 ,a piece ( exp]i5ce ( a det]m9ate sort is !re1 b !re at fir/ z a 'pure' fact4 ,motion orig9ally simply is2 only lat] is x conf9$ to ?is ?+ or to t4 ,some?+ l ?is is true ( e exp]i5ce1 h[ev] complex1 at ! mom5t ( its actual pres5ce4 ,let ! read] arre/ himself 9 ! act ( read+ ?is article n[4 ,n[ ?is is a pure exp]i5ce1 a ph5om5on1 or datum1 a m]e t or cont5t ( fact4 ',read+' simply is1 is !re2 & :e!r !re = "s "o's consci\sness1 or !re = physical nature1 is a "q n yet put4 ,at ! mom5t1 x is !re = nei!r2 lat] we %all probably judge x to h be5 !re = bo?4 ,) ! affectional exp]i5ces :i* we are consid]+1 ! relatively 'pure' condition la/s4 ,9 practical life no urg5t ne$ has yet aris5 = decid+ :e!r to treat !m z rigor\sly m5tal or z rigor\sly physical facts4 ,s !y rema9 equivocal2 &1 z ! _w goes1 _! equivocality is "o ( _! great conv5i5ces4 ,! %ift+ place ( 'second>y qualities' 9 ! hi/ory ( philosophy#hj is ano!r excell5t pro( ( ! fact t 'inn]' & 'out]' are n coeffici5ts ) :i* exp]i5ces come to u aborig9ally /amp$1 b are r results ( a lat] classification p]=m$ by u = p>ticul> ne$s4 ,! common-s5se /age ( ?\ght is a p]fectly def9ite practical halt+-place1 ! place :]e we ourselves c proce$ to act unhesitat+ly4 ,on ?is /age ( ?\ght ?+s act on ea* o!r z well z on u by means ( _! second>y qualities4 ,s\nd1 z su*1 goes ?r\gh ! air & c be int]cept$4 ,! heat ( ! fire passes ov]1 z su*1 into ! wat] :i* x sets a-boil+4 ,x is ! v light ( ! arc-lamp :i* displaces ! d>kness ( ! midnight /reet1 etc4 ,by eng5d]+ & translocat+ j ^! qualities1 actively efficaci\s z !y seem to be1 we ourselves succe$ 9 alt]+ nature s z to suit u2 & until m purely intellectual1 z di/+ui%$ f practical1 ne$s _h aris51 no "o ev] ?\ght ( call+ ^! qualities subjective4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ,galileo1 ,desc>tes1 & o!rs f\nd x be/ = philosophic purposes to class s\nd1 heat1 & light along ) pa9 & pleasure z purely m5tal ph5om5a1 !y c\ld d s ) impunity4#ha ,ev5 ! prim>y qualities are und]go+ ! same fate4 ,h>dness & s(tness are effects on u ( atomic int]actions1 & ! atoms !mselves are nei!r h>d nor s(t1 nor solid nor liquid4 ,size & %ape are deem$ subjective by ,kantians2 "t itself is subjective accord+ to _m philosoph]s2#hb & ev5 ! activity & causal efficacy :i* l+]$ 9 physics long aft] second>y qualities 7 bani%$ are n[ treat$ z illusory projections outw>ds ( ph5om5a ( our own consci\sness4 ,!re are no activities or effects 9 nature1 = ! mo/ intellectual contempor>y s*ool ( physical speculation4 ,nature exhibits only *anges1 :i* habitually co9cide ) "o ano!r s t _! habits are describable 9 simple 'laws4'#hc ,!re is no orig9al spirituality or mat]iality ( be+1 intuitively disc]n$1 !n2 b only a translocation ( exp]i5ces f "o _w to ano!r2 a gr\p+ ( !m ) "o set or ano!r ( associates = def9itely practical or intellectual ends4 ,i w say no?+ "h ( ! p]si/5t ambiguity ( relations4 ,!y are und5iable p>ts ( pure exp]i5ce2 yet1 :ile common s5se & :at ,i call radical empiricism /& = _! be+ objective1 bo? rationalism & ! usual empiricism claim t !y are exclusively ! '"w ( ! m9d'--! f9ite m9d or ! absolute m9d1 z ! case may be4 99 99 99 99 99 ,turn n[ to ^? affective ph5om5a :i* m directly conc]n u4 ,we soon le>n to sep>ate ! ways 9 :i* ?+s appeal to our int]e/s & emotions f ! ways 9 :i* !y act ^u "o ano!r4 ,x does n "w to assume t physical objects are go+ to act outw>dly by _! sympa!tic or antipa!tic qualities4 ,! beauty ( a ?+ or its value is no =ce t c be plott$ 9 a polygon ( compositions1 nor does its 'use' or 'significance' affect 9 ! m9ute/ degree its vicissitudes or de/9y at ! h&s ( physical nature4 ,*emical 'aff9ities' are a purely v]bal metaphor2 &1 z ,i j said1 ev5 su* ?+s z =ces1 t5sions1 & activities c at a p9* be reg>d$ z an?ropomorphic projections4 ,s f>1 !n1 z ! physical _w means ! collection ( cont5ts t det]m9e 9 ea* o!r c]ta9 regul> *anges1 ! :ole collection ( our appreciative attributes has to be treat$ z fall+ outside ( x4 ,if we mean by physical nature :atev] lies beyond ! surface ( our bodies1 ^! attributes are in]t ?r\gh\t ! :ole ext5t ( physical nature4 ,:y !n d m5 leave !m z ambigu\s z !y d1 & n class !m decisively z purely spiritual8 ,! reason w\ld seem to be t1 al?\gh !y are in]t z reg>ds ! re/ ( physical nature1 !y are n in]t z reg>ds t "p ( physical nature :i* our own sk9 cov]s4 ,x is ^? v appreciative attributes ( ?+s1 _! dang]\sness1 beauty1 r>ity1 utility1 etc41 t prim>ily appeal to our att5tion4 ,9 our comm]ce ) nature ^! attributes are :at give emphasis to objects2 & = an object to be emphatic1 :atev] spiritual fact x may mean1 means also t x produces imm$iate bodily effects ^u u1 alt]ations ( tone & t5sion1 ( he>t-beat & brea?+1 ( vascul> & visc]al action4 ,! 'int]e/+' aspects ( ?+s are ?us n :olly in]t physically1 ?\gh !y be active only 9 ^! small corn]s ( physical nature :i* our bodies occupy4 ,t1 h[ev]1 is en\gh to save !m f be+ class$ z absolutely non-objective4 ,! attempt1 if any "o %\ld make x1 to sort exp]i5ces into two absolutely discrete gr\ps1 ) no?+ b in]tness 9 "o ( !m & no?+ b activities 9 ! o!r1 w\ld ?us receive "o *eck4 ,x w\ld receive ano!r z soon z we exam9$ ! m di/9ctively m5tal gr\p2 = ?\gh 9 t gr\p x be true t ?+s d n act on "o ano!r by _! physical prop]ties1 d n d5t ea* o!r or set fire to ea* o!r1 !y yet act on ea* o!r 9 ! mo/ en]getic way by ^? v *>act]s :i* are s in]t extracorporeally4 ,x is by ! int]e/ & importance t exp]i5ces h = u1 by ! emotions !y excite1 & ! purposes !y subs]ve1 by _! affective values1 9 %ort1 t _! consecution 9 our sev]al consci\s /reams1 z '?\ghts' ( ours1 is ma9ly rul$4 ,desire introduces !m2 int]e/ holds !m2 fitness fixes _! ord] & connection4 ,i ne$ only ref] = ?is aspect ( our m5tal life1 to ,wundt's article ',ueb] psy*is*e ,causalitt1' :i* beg9s ,volume ,x4 ( 8 ,philosophis*e ,/udi54#hd ,x ?us appe>s t ! ambigu\s or amphibi\s /atus :i* we f9d our epi!ts ( value occupy+ is ! mo/ natural ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,x w\ld1 h[ev]1 be an unnatural /atus if ! popul> op9ion :i* ,i cit$ at ! outset 7 correct4 ,if 'physical' & 'm5tal' meant two diff]5t k9ds ( intr9sic nature1 imm$iately1 intuitively1 & infallibly disc]nible1 & ea* fix$ =ev] 9 :atev] bit ( exp]i5ce x qualifi$1 "o does n see h[ !re c\ld ev] h aris5 any room = d\bt or ambiguity4 ,b if1 on ! contr>y1 ^! words are words ( sort+1 ambiguity is natural4 ,= !n1 z soon z ! relations ( a ?+ are suffici5tly v>i\s x c be sort$ v>i\sly4 ,take a mass ( c>rion1 = example1 & ! 'disgu/+ness' :i* = u is "p ( ! exp]i5ce4 ,! sun c>esses x1 & ! zephyr wooes x z if x 7 a b$ ( roses4 ,s ! disgu/+ness fails to op]ate )9 ! realm ( suns & breezes1--x does n function z a physical quality4 ,b ! c>rion 'turns our /oma*' by :at seems a direct op]ation--x does function physically1 !re=e1 9 t limit$ "p ( physics4 ,we c treat x z physical or z non-physical accord+ z we take x 9 ! n>r[] or 9 ! wid] context1 & conv]sely1 ( c\rse1 we mu/ treat x z non-m5tal or z m5tal4 ,our body itself is ! palm>y in/ance ( ! ambigu\s4 ,sometimes ,i treat my body purely z a "p ( out] nature4 ,sometimes1 aga91 ,i ?9k ( x z 'm9e1' ,i sort x ) ! 'me1' & !n c]ta9 local *anges & det]m9ations 9 x pass = spiritual happ5+s4 ,its brea?+ is my '?9k+1' its s5sorial adju/m5ts are my 'att5tion1' its k9e/hetic alt]ations are my 'ef=ts1' its visc]al p]turbations are my 'emotions4' ,! ob/9ate controv]sies t h aris5 ov] su* /atem5ts z ^! 7:i* s\nd s p>adoxical1 & :i* c yet be made s s]i\sly7 prove h[ h>d x is to decide by b>e introspection :at x is 9 exp]i5ces t %all make !m ei!r spiritual or mat]ial4 ,x surely c be no?+ intr9sic 9 ! individual exp]i5ce4 ,x is _! way ( behav+ t[>ds ea* o!r1 _! sy/em ( relations1 _! function2 & all ^! ?+s v>y ) ! context 9 :i* we f9d x opportune to consid] !m4 ,i ?9k ,i may conclude1 !n 7& ,i hope t my read]s are n[ ready to conclude ) me71 t ! pret5d$ spirituality ( our emotions & ( our attributes ( value1 s f> f prov+ an objection to ! philosophy ( pure exp]i5ce1 does1 :5 rightly discuss$ & acc\nt$ =1 s]ve z "o ( its be/ corroborations4 ,,footnotes3 #ge ,repr9t$ f ,! ,j\rnal ( ,philosophy1 ,psy*ology & ,sci5tific ,me?ods1 vol4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #aa1 ,may #be1 #aije4 #gf ,x w be /ill bett] if he %all h also read ! essay entitl$ ',a ,_w ( ,pure ,exp]i5ce1' :i* foll[s ! fir/ & develops its ideas /ill f>!r4 #gg ,cf4 ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology1 vol4 ,,ii1 *4 ,,xxv2 & ,! ,physical ,basis ( ,emotion1 ,! ,psy*ological ,review1 vol4 ,i1 #ahid1 p4 #eaf4 #gh ,see above1 pp4 #cd1 #ce4 #gi ,page #ajb4 #hj ,cf4 ,janet & ,sailles3 ,hi/ory ( ! ,problems ( ,philosophy1 trans4 by ,monahan1 "p ,i1 *4 ,,iii4 #ha ,cf4 ,desc>tes3 ,m$itation ,,ii2 ,pr9ciples ( ,philosophy1 "p ,i1 ,,xlviii4 #hb ,cf4 ,a4 ,e4 ,taylor3 ,elem5ts ( ,metaphysics1 bk4 ,,iii1 *4 ,,iv4 #hc ,cf4 ,k4 ,pe>son3 ,gramm> ( ,sci5ce1 *4 ,,iii4 #hd ,x is en\gh = my pres5t purpose if ! appreciative *>act]s b seem to act ?us4 ,believ]s 9 an activity an si*1 o!r ?an our m5tal exp]i5ces ( activity1 w f9d "s f>!r reflections on ! subject 9 my address on ',! ,exp]i5ce ( ,activity4' ,! next essay4 ,cf4 especially1 p4 #afi4 ,,ed4 ,,vi ,,! ,,exp]i5ce ,,( ,,activity#he ,,bre?r5 ,,( ,,! ,,psy*ological ,,association3 ,9 ca/+ ab\t me = a subject = y\r ,presid5t ?is ye> to talk ab\t x has seem$ to me t our exp]i5ces ( activity w\ld =m a good "o2 n only because ! topic is s naturally int]e/+1 & because x has lately l$ to a good deal ( r inconclusive discussion1 b because ,i myself am gr[+ m & m int]e/$ 9 a c]ta9 sy/ematic way ( h&l+ que/ions1 & want to get o!rs int]e/$ also1 & ?is "q /rikes me z "o 9 :i*1 al?\gh ,i am pa9fully aw>e ( my inability to communicate new discov]ies or to rea* def9itive conclusions1 ,i yet c %[1 9 a r def9ite mann]1 h[ ! me?od works4 ,! way ( h&l+ ?+s ,i speak (1 is1 z y already w h suspect$1 t kn[n sometimes z ! pragmatic me?od1 sometimes z humanism1 sometimes z ,deweyism1 & 9 ,france1 by "s ( ! disciples ( ,b]gson1 z ! ,philosophie n\velle4 ,pr(essor ,woodbridge's ,j\rnal ( ,philosophy#hf seems un9t5tionally to h become a sort ( meet+ place = ^? :o foll[ ^! t5d5cies 9 ,am]ica4 ,!re is only a dim id5tity among !m2 & ! mo/ t c be said at pres5t is t "s sort ( ge/ation seems to be 9 ! atmosph]e1 & t almo/ any day a man ) a g5ius = f9d+ ! "r ^w = ?+s may hit ^u "s unify+ & conciliat+ =mula t w make s mu* vaguely simil> aspiration cry/allize into m def9ite =m4 ,i myself h giv5 ! "n ( 'radical empiricism' to t v]sion ( ! t5d5cy 9 "q :i* ,i pref]2 & ,i propose1 if y w n[ let me1 to illu/rate :at ,i mean by radical empiricism1 by apply+ x to activity z an example1 hop+ at ! same "t incid5tally to leave ! g5]al problem ( activity 9 a slightly--,i fe> v slightly--m manageable %ape ?an be=e4 ,mr4 ,bradley calls ! "q ( activity a sc&al to philosophy1 & if "o turns to ! curr5t lit]ature ( ! subject--8 own writ+s includ$--"o easily ga!rs :at he means4 ,! oppon5ts _c ev5 und]/& "o ano!r4 ,mr4 ,bradley says to ,mr4 ,w>d3 ,i d n c>e :at y\r oracle is1 & y\r prepo/]\s psy*ology may "h be gospel if y please2 444 b if ! revelation does conta9 a mean+1 ,i w commit myself to ?is3 ei!r ! oracle is s confus$ t its signification is n discov]able1 or1 ^u ! o!r h&1 if x c be p9n$ d[n to any def9ite /atem5t1 !n t /atem5t w be false4#hg ,mr4 ,w>d 9 turn says ( ,mr4 ,bradley3 ,i _c ev5 imag9e ! /ate ( m9d to :i* 8 description applies4444 ,x reads l an un9t5tional trave/y ( ,h]b>tian psy*ology by "o :o has tri$ to improve ^u x )\t be+ at ! pa9s to ma/] x4#hh ,mn/]b]g excludes a view oppos$ to 8 own by say+ t ) any "o :o holds x a ,v]/ndigung ) him is grundstzli* ausges*loss52 & ,royce1 9 a review ( ,/\t1#hi hauls him ov] ! coals at great l5g? = def5d+ 'efficacy' 9 a way :i* ,i1 = "o1 nev] ga!r$ f read+ him1 & :i* ,i h he>d ,/\t himself say 0 q =eign to ! int5tion ( 8 text4 ,9 ^! discussions di/9ct que/ions are habitually jumbl$ & diff]5t po9ts ( view are talk$ ( dur*e9&]4 7#a7 ,!re is a psy*ological "q3 ,h we p]ceptions ( activity8 & if s1 :at are !y l1 & :5 & :]e d we h !m8 7#b7 ,!re is a metaphysical "q3 ,is !re a fact ( activity8 & if s1 :at idea mu/ we frame ( x8 ,:at is x l8 & :at does x d1 if x does any?+8 ,& f9ally !re is a logical "q3 7#c7 ,:5ce d we "k activity8 ,by our own feel+s ( x solely8 or by "s o!r s\rce ( in=mation8 ,?r\gh\t page aft] page ( ! lit]ature "o kn[s n :i* ( ^! que/ions is be=e "o2 & m]e description ( ! surface-%[ ( exp]i5ce is pr(]r$ z if x implicitly answ]$ e "o ( !m4 ,no "o ( ! disputants1 moreov]1 tries to %[ :at pragmatic consequ5ces 8 own view w\ld c>ry1 or :at assignable p>ticul> diff]5ces 9 any "o's exp]i5ce x w\ld make if 8 adv]s>y's 7 triumphant4 ,x seems to me t if radical empiricism be good = any?+1 x ought1 ) its pragmatic me?od & its pr9ciple ( pure exp]i5ce1 to be able to avoid su* tangles1 or at lea/ to simplify !m some:at4 ,! pragmatic me?od />ts f ! po/ulate t !re is no diff]5ce ( tru? t doesn't make a diff]5ce ( fact some:]e2 & x seeks to det]m9e ! mean+ ( all diff]5ces ( op9ion by mak+ ! discussion h+e z soon z possible ^u "s practical or p>ticul> issue4 ,! pr9ciple ( pure exp]i5ce is also a me?odical po/ulate4 ,no?+ %all be admitt$ z fact1 x says1 except :at c be exp]i5c$ at "s def9ite "t by "s exp]i5t2 & = e feature ( fact ev] s exp]i5c$1 a def9ite place mu/ be f\nd some:]e 9 ! f9al sy/em ( reality4 ,9 o!r words3 ,ev]y?+ real mu/ be exp]i5ceable some:]e1 & e k9d ( ?+ exp]i5c$ mu/ some:]e be real4 ,arm$ ) ^! rules ( me?od let u see :at face ! problems ( activity pres5t to u4 ,by ! pr9ciple ( pure exp]i5ce1 ei!r ! ^w 'activity' mu/ h no mean+ at all1 or else ! orig9al type & model ( :at x means mu/ lie 9 "s concrete k9d ( exp]i5ce t c be def9itely po9t$ out4 ,:atev] ult]ior judgm5ts we may ev5tually come to make reg>d+ activity1 t sort ( ?+ w be :at ! judgm5ts are ab\t4 ,! fir/ /ep to take1 !n1 is to ask :]e 9 ! /ream ( exp]i5ce we seem to f9d :at we speak ( z activity4 ,:at we are to ?9k ( ! activity ?us f\nd w be a lat] "q4 ,n[ x is obvi\s t we are tempt$ to affirm activity :]ev] we f9d any?+ go+ on4 ,tak5 9 ! broade/ s5se1 any appreh5sion ( some?+ do+1 is an exp]i5ce ( activity4 ,7 our _w describable only by ! words 'no?+ happ5+1' 'no?+ *ang+1' 'no?+ do+1' we %\ld unque/ionably call x an 'inactive' _w4 ,b>e activity !n1 z we may call x1 means ! b>e fact ( ev5t or *ange4 ',*ange tak+ place' is a unique cont5t ( exp]i5ce1 "o ( ^? 'conjunctive' objects :i* radical empiricism seeks s e>ne/ly to rehabilitate & pres]ve4 ,! s5se ( activity is ?us 9 ! broade/ & vague/ way synonym\s ) ! s5se ( 'life4' ,we %\ld feel our own subjective life at lea/1 ev5 9 notic+ & proclaim+ an o!rwise inactive _w4 ,our own reaction on its monotony w\ld be ! "o ?+ exp]i5c$ !re 9 ! =m ( some?+ com+ to pass4 ,?is seems to be :at c]ta9 writ]s h 9 m9d :5 !y insi/ t = an exp]i5t to be at all is to be active4 ,x seems to ju/ify1 or at any rate to expla91 ,mr4 ,w>d's expression t we are only z we are active1#ij = we are only z exp]i5ts2 & x rules out ,mr4 ,bradley's cont5tion t !re is no orig9al exp]i5ce ( any?+ l activity4#ia ,:at we ought to say ab\t activities ?us elem5t>y1 ^: !y are1 :at !y effect1 or :e!r inde$ !y effect any?+ at all--^! are lat] que/ions1 to be answ]$ only :5 ! field ( exp]i5ce is enl>g$4 ,b>e activity w\ld ?us be pr$icable1 ?\gh !re 7 no def9ite direction1 no actor1 & no aim4 ,m]e re/less zigzag movem5t1 or a wild ,ide5flu*t1 or ,rhapsodie d] ,wahrnehmung51 z ,kant w\ld say1#ib w\ld con/itute an active z di/+ui%$ f an inactive _w4 ,b 9 ?is actual _w ( ours1 z x is giv51 a "p at lea/ ( ! activity comes ) def9ite direction2 x comes ) desire & s5se ( goal2 x comes complicat$ ) resi/ances :i* x ov]comes or succumbs to1 & ) ! ef=ts :i* ! feel+ ( resi/ance s (t5 provokes2 & x is 9 complex exp]i5ces l ^! t ! notions ( di/9ct ag5ts1 & ( passivity z oppos$ to activity arise4 ,"h also ! notion ( causal efficacy comes to bir?4 ,p]haps ! mo/ elaborate "w ev] done 9 descriptive psy*ology has be5 ! analysis by v>i\s rec5t writ]s ( ! m complex activity-situations4#ic ,9 _! descriptions1 exquisitely subtle "s ( !m1#id ! activity appe>s z ! ge/altqualitt or ! fundirte inhalt 7or z :atev] else y may please to call ! conjunctive =m7 :i* ! cont5t falls into :5 we exp]i5ce x 9 ! ways :i* ! describ]s set =?4 ,^? factors 9 ^? relations are :at we mean by activity-situations2 & to ! possible enum]ation & accumulation ( _! circum/ances & +r$i5ts !re w\ld seem to be no natural b\nd4 ,e h\r ( human life c\ld contribute to ! picture gall]y2 & ?is is ! only fault t "o c f9d ) su* descriptive indu/ry--:]e is x go+ to /op8 ,ought we to li/5 =ev] to v]bal pictures ( :at we h already 9 concrete =m 9 our own brea/s8#ie ,!y nev] take u (f ! sup]ficial plane4 ,we knew ! facts already--less spread out & sep>at$1 to be sure--b we knew !m /ill4 ,we always felt our own activity1 = example1 z '! expansion ( an idea ) :i* our ,self is id5tifi$1 aga9/ an ob/acle'2#if & ! foll[+ out ( su* a def9ition ?r\gh a multitude ( cases elaborates ! obvi\s s z to be little m ?an an ex]cise 9 synonymic spee*4 ,all ! descriptions h to trace famili> outl9es1 & to use famili> t]ms4 ,! activity is1 = example1 attribut$ ei!r to a physical or to a m5tal ag5t1 & is ei!r aimless or direct$4 ,if direct$ x %[s t5d5cy4 ,! t5d5cy may or may n be resi/$4 ,if n1 we call ! activity imman5t1 z :5 a body moves 9 empty space by its mom5tum1 or our ?\ghts w&] at _! own sweet w4 ,if resi/ance is met1 its ag5t complicates ! situation4 ,if n[1 9 spite ( resi/ance1 ! orig9al t5d5cy cont9ues1 ef=t makes its appe>ance1 & along ) ef=t1 /ra9 or squeeze4 ,w1 9 ! n>r[] s5se ( ! ^w1 !n comes ^u ! sc5e1 :5ev]1 along ) ! t5d5cy1 ! /ra9 & squeeze are su/a9$4 ,b ! resi/ance may be great en\gh to *eck ! t5d5cy1 or ev5 to rev]se its pa?4 ,9 t case1 we 7if 'we' 7 ! orig9al ag5ts or subjects ( ! t5d5cy7 are ov]p[]$4 ,! ph5om5on turns into "o ( t5sion simply1 or ( necessity succumb$-to1 accord+ z ! oppos+ p[] is only equal1 or is sup]ior to ourselves4 ,:osoev] describes an exp]i5ce 9 su* t]ms z ^! describes an exp]i5ce ( activity4 ,if ! ^w h any mean+1 x mu/ d5ote :at !re is f\nd4 ,!re is complete activity 9 its orig9al & fir/ int5tion4 ,:at x is 'kn[n-z' is :at !re appe>s4 ,! exp]i5c] ( su* a situation possesses all t ! idea conta9s4 ,he feels ! t5d5cy1 ! ob/acle1 ! w1 ! /ra91 ! triumph1 or ! passive giv+ up1 j z he feels ! "t1 ! space1 ! swiftness or int5sity1 ! movem5t1 ! weight & color1 ! pa9 & pleasure1 ! complexity1 or :atev] rema9+ *>act]s ! situation may involve4 ,he goes ?r\gh all t ev] c be imag9$ :]e activity is suppos$4 ,if we suppose activities to g on outside ( our exp]i5ce1 x is 9 =ms l ^! t we mu/ suppose !m1 or else give !m "s o!r "n2 = ! ^w 'activity' has no imag9able cont5t :atev] save ^! exp]i5ces ( process1 ob/ruction1 /riv+1 /ra91 or release1 ultimate qualia z !y are ( ! life giv5 u to be kn[n4 ,7 ?is ! end ( ! matt]1 "o might ?9k t :5ev] we _h successfully liv$ ?r\gh an activity-situation we %\ld h to be p]mitt$1 )\t provok+ contradiction1 to say t we _h be5 really active1 t we _h met real resi/ance & _h really prevail$4 ,lotze some:]e says t to be an entity all t is necess>y is to gelt5 z an entity1 to op]ate1 or be felt1 exp]i5c$1 recogniz$1 or 9 any way realiz$1 z su*4#ig ,9 our activity-exp]i5ces ! activity assur$ly fulfils ,lotze's dem&4 ,x makes itself gelt54 ,x is witness$ at its "w4 ,no matt] :at activities !re may really be 9 ?is extraord9>y univ]se ( ours1 x is impossible = u to conceive ( any "o ( !m be+ ei!r liv$ ?r\gh or au!ntically kn[n o!rwise ?an 9 ?is dramatic %ape ( some?+ su/a9+ a felt purpose aga9/ felt ob/acles & ov]com+ or be+ ov]come4 ,:at 'su/a9+' means "h is cle> to anyone :o has liv$ ?r\gh ! exp]i5ce1 b to no "o else2 j z 'l\d1' 'r$1' 'sweet1' mean some?+ only to be+s ) e>s1 eyes1 & tongues4 ,! p]cipi 9 ^! orig9als ( exp]i5ce is ! esse2 ! curta9 is ! picture4 ,if !re is any?+ hid+ 9 ! backgr\nd1 x ought n to be call$ activity1 b %\ld get itself ano!r "n4 ,?is seems s obvi\sly true t "o might well exp]i5ce a/oni%m5t at f9d+ s _m ( ! able/ writ]s on ! subject flatly d5y+ t ! activity we live ?r\gh 9 ^! situations is real4 ,m]ely to feel active is n to be active1 9 _! sight4 ,! ag5ts t appe> 9 ! exp]i5ce are n real ag5ts1 ! resi/ances d n really resi/1 ! effects t appe> are n really effects at all4#ih ,x is evid5t f ?is t m]e descriptive analysis ( any "o ( our activity-exp]i5ces is n ! :ole /ory1 t !re is some?+ /ill to tell ab\t !m t has l$ su* able writ]s to conceive ( a ,simon-pure activity1 ( an activity an si*1 t does1 & doesn't m]ely appe> to u to d1 & comp>$ ) ^: real do+ all ?is ph5om5al activity is b a speci\s %am4 ,! metaphysical "q op5s "h2 & ,i ?9k t ! /ate ( m9d ( "o possess$ by x is (t5 some?+ l ?is3 ,x is all v well1 we may imag9e him say+1 to talk ab\t c]ta9 exp]i5ce-s]ies tak+ on ! =m ( feel+s ( activity1 j z !y might take on musical or geometric =ms4 ,suppose t !y d s2 suppose we feel a w to /& a /ra94 ,does our feel+ d m ?an record ! fact t ! /ra9 is su/a9$8 ,! real activity1 mean:ile1 is ! do+ ( ! fact2 & :at is ! do+ made ( be=e ! record is made4 ,:at 9 ! w enables x to act ?us8 ,& ^! tra9s ( exp]i5ce !mselves1 9 :i* activities appe>1 :at makes !m g at all8 ,does ! activity 9 "o bit ( exp]i5ce br+ ! next bit into be+8 ,z an empirici/ y _c say s1 = y h j decl>$ activity to be only a k9d ( syn!tic object1 or conjunctive relation exp]i5c$ betwe5 bits ( exp]i5ce already made4 ,b :at made !m at all8 ,:at propels exp]i5ce b]haupt into be+8 ,!re is ! activity t op]ates2 ! activity felt is only its sup]ficial sign4 ,to ! metaphysical "q1 popp$ ^u u 9 ?is way1 ,i mu/ pay s]i\s att5tion ere ,i end my rem>ks2 b1 be=e do+ s1 let me %[ t )\t leav+ ! imm$iate reticulations ( exp]i5ce1 or ask+ :at makes activity itself act1 we /ill f9d ! di/9ction betwe5 less real & m real activities =c$ ^u u1 & are driv5 to mu* s\l-se>*+ on ! purely ph5om5al plane4 ,we mu/ n =get1 namely1 9 talk+ ( ! ultimate "* ( our activity-exp]i5ces1 t ea* ( !m is b a portion ( a wid] _w1 "o l9k 9 ! va/ *a9 ( processes ( exp]i5ce out ( :i* hi/ory is made4 ,ea* p>tial process1 to him :o lives ?r\gh x1 def9es itself by its orig9 & its goal2 b to an obs]v] ) a wid] m9d-span :o %\ld live outside ( x1 t goal w\ld appe> b z a provisional halt+-place1 & ! subjectively felt activity w\ld be se5 to cont9ue into objective activities t l$ f> beyond4 ,we ?us acquire a habit1 9 discuss+ activity-exp]i5ces1 ( def9+ !m by _! relation to some?+ m4 ,if an exp]i5ce be "o ( n>r[ span1 x w be mi/ak5 z to :at activity x is & ^:4 ,y ?9k t y are act+ :ile y are only obey+ someone's pu%4 ,y ?9k y are do+ ?is1 b y are do+ some?+ ( :i* y d n dream4 ,= in/ance1 y ?9k y are b dr9k+ ?is glass2 b y are really creat+ ! liv]-cirrhosis t w end y\r days4 ,y ?9k y are j driv+ ?is b>ga91 b1 z ,/ev5son says some:]e1 y are lay+ d[n a l9k 9 ! policy ( mank9d4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! onlook]1 ) 8 wid] field ( vision1 reg>ds ! ultimate outcome ( an activity z :at x is m really do+2 & ! mo/ previ\s ag5t asc]ta9able1 be+ ! fir/ s\rce ( action1 he reg>ds z ! mo/ real ag5t 9 ! field4 ,! o!rs b transmit t ag5t's impulse2 on him we put responsibility2 we "n him :5 "o asks u ',:o's to blame8' ,b ! mo/ previ\s ag5ts asc]ta9able1 in/ead ( be+ ( long] span1 are (t5 ( mu* %ort] span ?an ! activity 9 view4 ,bra9-cells are our be/ example4 ,my bra9-cells are believ$ to excite ea* o!r f next to next 7by contigu\s transmission ( katabolic alt]ation1 let u say7 & to h be5 do+ s long be=e ?is pres5t /ret* ( lectur+-activity on my "p began4 ,if any "o cell-gr\p /ops its activity1 ! lectur+ w cease or %[ disord] ( =m4 ,cessante causa1 cessat et effectus--does n ?is look z if ! %ort-span bra9 activities 7 ! m real activities1 & ! lectur+ activities on my "p only _! effects8 ,moreov]1 z ,hume s cle>ly po9t$ out1#ii 9 my m5tal activity-situation ! words physically to be utt]$ are repres5t$ z ! activity's imm$iate goal4 ,^! words1 h[ev]1 _c be utt]$ )\t int]m$iate physical processes 9 ! bulb & vagi n]ves1 :i* processes nev]!less fail to figure 9 ! m5tal activity-s]ies at all4 ,t s]ies1 !re=e1 s9ce x leaves out vitally real /eps ( action1 _c repres5t ! real activities4 ,x is some?+ purely subjective2 ! facts ( activity are else:]e4 ,!y are some?+ f> m int]/itial1 s to speak1 ?an :at my feel+s record4 ,! real facts ( activity t h 9 po9t ( fact be5 sy/ematically plead$ = by philosoph]s h1 s f> z my in=mation goes1 be5 ( ?ree pr9cipal types4 ,! fir/ type takes a consci\sness ( wid] "t-span ?an ours to be ! vehicle ( ! m real activity4 ,its w is ! ag5t1 & its purpose is ! action done4 ,! second type assumes t 'ideas' /ruggl+ ) "o ano!r are ! ag5ts1 & t ! preval5ce ( "o set ( !m is ! action4 ,! ?ird type believes t n]ve-cells are ! ag5ts1 & t resultant motor dis*>ges are ! acts a*iev$4 ,n[ if we mu/ de-realize our imm$iately felt activity-situations = ! b5efit ( ei!r ( ^! types ( sub/itute1 we ought to "k :at ! sub/itution practically involves4 ,:at practical diff]5ce ought x to make if1 in/ead ( say+ navely t ',i' am active n[ 9 deliv]+ ?is address1 ,i say t a wid] ?9k] is active1 or t c]ta9 ideas are active1 or t c]ta9 n]ve-cells are active1 9 produc+ ! result8 ,?is w\ld be ! pragmatic mean+ ( ! ?ree hypo!ses4 ,let u take !m 9 succession 9 seek+ a reply4 ,if we assume a wid] ?9k]1 x is evid5t t 8 purposes envelope m9e4 ,i am really lectur+ = him2 & al?\gh ,i _c surely "k to :at end1 yet if ,i take him religi\sly1 ,i c tru/ x to be a good end1 & will+ly connive4 ,i c be happy 9 ?9k+ t my activity transmits 8 impulse1 & t 8 ends prolong my own4 ,s long z ,i take him religi\sly1 9 %ort1 he does n de-realize my activities4 ,he t5ds r to corroborate ! reality ( !m1 s long z ,i believe bo? !m & him to be good4 ,:5 n[ we turn to ideas1 ! case is diff]5t1 inasmu* z ideas are suppos$ by ! association psy*ology to influ5ce ea* o!r only f next to next4 ,! 'span' ( an idea or pair ( ideas1 is assum$ to be mu* small] in/ead ( be+ l>g] ?an t ( my total consci\s field4 ,! same results may get work$ out 9 bo? cases1 = ?is address is be+ giv5 anyh[4 ,b ! ideas suppos$ to 'really' "w x out _h no prevision ( ! :ole ( x2 & if ,i 0 lectur+ = an absolute ?9k] 9 ! =m] case1 s1 by simil> reason+1 are my ideas n[ lectur+ = me1 t is1 accompli%+ unwitt+ly a result :i* ,i approve & adopt4 ,b1 :5 ?is pass+ lecture is ov]1 !re is no?+ 9 ! b>e notion t ideas h be5 its ag5ts t w\ld seem to gu>antee t my pres5t purposes 9 lectur+ w be prolong$4 ,i may h ult]ior developm5ts 9 view2 b !re is no c]ta9ty t my ideas z su* w wi% to1 or be able to1 "w !m out4 ,! l is true if n]ve-cells be ! ag5ts4 ,! activity ( a n]ve-cell mu/ be conceiv$ ( z a t5d5cy ( exce$+ly %ort rea*1 an 'impulse' b>ely spann+ ! way to ! next cell--= surely t am\nt ( actual 'process' mu/ be 'exp]i5c$' by ! cells if :at happ5s betwe5 !m is to des]ve ! "n ( activity at all4 ,b "h aga9 ! gross resultant1 z ,i p]ceive x1 is indiff]5t to ! ag5ts1 & nei!r wi%$ or will$ or =ese54 ,_! be+ ag5ts n[ congru\s ) my w gives me no gu>antee t l results w recur aga9 f _! activity4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 all sorts ( o!r results d occur4 ,my mi/akes1 impot5cies1 p]v]sions1 m5tal ob/ructions1 & fru/rations g5]ally1 are also results ( ! activity ( cells4 ,al?\gh ^! are lett+ me lecture n[1 on o!r occasions !y make me d ?+s t ,i w\ld will+ly n d4 ,! "q ,^: is ! real activity8 is ?us tantam\nt to ! "q ,:at w be ! actual results8 ,its int]e/ is dramatic2 h[ w ?+s "w out8 ,if ! ag5ts are ( "o sort1 "o way2 if ( ano!r sort1 !y may "w out v diff]5tly4 ,! pragmatic mean+ ( ! v>i\s alt]natives1 9 %ort1 is great4 ,x makes no m]ely v]bal diff]5ce :i* op9ion we take up4 ,y see x is ! old dispute come back6 ,mat]ialism & teleology2 elem5t>y %ort-span actions summ+ !mselves 'bl9dly1' or f> =ese5 ideals com+ ) ef=t into act4 ,navely we believe1 & humanly & dramatically we l to believe1 t activities bo? ( wid] & ( n>r[] span are at "w 9 life toge!r1 t bo? are real1 & t ! long-span t5d5cies yoke ! o!rs 9 _! s]vice1 enc\rag+ !m 9 ! "r direction1 & damp+ !m :5 !y t5d 9 o!r ways4 ,b h[ to repres5t cle>ly ! modus op]&i ( su* /e]+ ( small t5d5cies by l>ge ones is a problem :i* metaphysical ?9k]s w h to rum9ate ^u = _m ye>s to come4 ,ev5 if su* control %\ld ev5tually gr[ cle>ly picturable1 ! "q h[ f> x is successfully ex]t$ 9 ?is actual _w c be answ]$ only by inve/igat+ ! details ( fact4 ,no philosophic k ( ! g5]al nature & con/itution ( t5d5cies1 or ( ! relation ( l>g] to small] ones1 c help u to pr$ict :i* ( all ! v>i\s compet+ t5d5cies t int]e/ u 9 ?is univ]se are likelie/ to prevail4 ,we "k z an empirical fact t f>-see+ t5d5cies (t5 c>ry out _! purpose1 b we "k also t !y are (t5 defeat$ by ! failure ( "s contemptibly small process on :i* success dep5ds4 ,a little ?rombus 9 a /atesman's m5+eal art]y w ?r[ an empire out ( ge>4 ,i c !re=e n ev5 h9t at any solution ( ! pragmatic issue4 ,i h only wi%$ to %[ y t t issue is :at gives ! real int]e/ to all inquiries into :at k9ds ( activity may be real4 ,are ! =ces t really act 9 ! _w m =esee+ or m bl9d8 ,z betwe5 'our' activities z 'we' exp]i5ce !m1 & ^? ( our ideas1 or ( our bra9-cells1 ! issue is well-def9$4 ,i said a :ile back#ajj t ,i %\ld return to ! 'metaphysical' "q be=e end+2 s1 ) a few words ab\t t1 ,i w n[ close my rem>ks4 ,9 :atev] =m we he> ?is "q prop\nd$1 ,i ?9k t x always arises f two ?+s1 a belief t causality mu/ be ex]t$ 9 activity1 & a wond] z to h[ causality is made4 ,if we take an activity-situation at its face-value1 x seems z if we caught 9 flagrante delicto ! v p[] t makes facts come & be4 ,i n[ am eag]ly /riv+1 = example1 to get ?is tru? :i* ,i seem half to p]ceive1 into words :i* %all make x %[ m cle>ly4 ,if ! words come1 x w seem z if ! /riv+ itself _h drawn or pull$ !m into actuality out f ! /ate ( m]ely possible be+ 9 :i* !y 74 ,h[ is ?is feat p]=m$8 ,h[ does ! pull+ pull8 ,h[ d ,i get my hold on words n yet exi/5t1 & :5 !y come by :at means h ,i made !m come8 ,really x is ! problem ( creation2 = 9 ! end ! "q is3 ,h[ d ,i make !m be8 ,real activities are ^? t really make ?+s be1 )\t :i* ! ?+s are n1 & ) :i* !y are !re4 ,activity1 s f> z we m]ely feel x1 on ! o!r h&1 is only an impression ( ours1 x may be ma9ta9$2 & an impression is1 = all ?is way ( ?9k+1 only a %ad[ ( ano!r fact4 ,arriv$ at ?is po9t1 ,i c d little m ?an indicate ! pr9ciples on :i*1 z x seems to me1 a radically empirical philosophy is oblig$ to rely 9 h&l+ su* a dispute4 ,if !re be real creative activities 9 be+1 radical empiricism mu/ say1 some:]e !y mu/ be imm$iately liv$4 ,some:]e ! t ( efficaci\s caus+ & ! :at ( x mu/ be exp]i5c$ 9 "o1 j z ! :at & ! t ( 'cold' are exp]i5c$ 9 "o :5ev] a man has ! s5sation ( cold "h & n[4 ,x boots n to say t our s5sations are fallible4 ,!y are inde$2 b to see ! !rmomet] contradict u :5 we say 'x is cold' does n aboli% cold z a specific nature f ! univ]se4 ,cold is 9 ! arctic circle if n "h4 ,ev5 s1 to feel t our tra9 is mov+ :5 ! tra9 beside our w9d[ moves1 to see ! moon ?r\gh a telescope come twice z ne>1 or to see two pictures z "o solid :5 we look ?r\gh a /]eoscope at !m1 leaves motion1 ne>ness1 & solidity /ill 9 be+--if n "h1 yet ea* 9 its prop] seat else:]e4 ,& :]ev] ! seat ( real causality is1 z ultimately kn[n '= true' 79 n]ve-processes1 if y w1 t cause our feel+s ( activity z well z ! movem5ts :i* ^! seem to prompt71 a philosophy ( pure exp]i5ce c consid] ! real causation z no o!r nature ( ?+ ?an t :i* ev5 9 our mo/ errone\s exp]i5ces appe>s to be at "w4 ,exactly :at appe>s !re is :at we mean by work+1 ?\gh we may lat] come to le>n t work+ 0 n exactly !re4 ,su/a9+1 p]sev]+1 /riv+1 pay+ ) ef=t z we g1 hang+ on1 & f9ally a*iev+ our int5tion--?is is action1 ?is is effectuation 9 ! only %ape 9 :i*1 by a pure exp]i5ce-philosophy1 ! :]eab\ts ( x any:]e c be discuss$4 ,"h is creation 9 its fir/ int5tion1 "h is causality at "w4#aja ,to treat ?is (fh& z ! b>e illusory surface ( a _w ^: real causality is an unimag9able ontological pr9ciple hidd5 9 ! cubic deeps1 is1 = ! m empirical way ( ?9k+1 only animism 9 ano!r %ape4 ,y expla9 y\r giv5 fact by y\r 'pr9ciple1' b ! pr9ciple itself1 :5 y look cle>ly at x1 turns out to be no?+ b a previ\s little spiritual copy ( ! fact4 ,away f t "o & only k9d ( fact y\r m9d1 consid]+ causality1 c nev] get4#ajb ,i conclude1 !n1 t real effectual causation z an ultimate nature1 z a 'category1' if y l1 ( reality1 is j :at we feel x to be1 j t k9d ( conjunction :i* our own activity-s]ies reveal4 ,we h ! :ole butt & be+ ( x 9 our h&s2 & ! heal?y ?+ = philosophy is to leave (f grubb+ und]gr\nd = :at effects effectuation1 or :at makes action act1 & to try to solve ! concrete que/ions ( :]e effectuation 9 ?is _w is locat$1 ( :i* ?+s are ! true causal ag5ts !re1 & ( :at ! m remote effects consi/4 ,f ?is po9t ( view ! great] sublimity traditionally attribut$ to ! metaphysical inquiry1 ! grubb+ inquiry1 entirely disappe>s4 ,if we c\ld "k :at causation really & transc5d5tally is 9 itself1 ! only use ( ! k w\ld be to help u to recognize an actual cause :5 we _h "o1 & s to track ! future c\rse ( op]ations m intellig5tly out4 ,! m]e ab/ract inquiry into causation's hidd5 nature is n m sublime ?an any o!r inquiry equally ab/ract4 ,causation inhabits no m sublime level ?an any?+ else4 ,x lives1 app>5tly1 9 ! dirt ( ! _w z well z 9 ! absolute1 or 9 man's unconqu]able m9d4 ,! wor? & int]e/ ( ! _w consi/s n 9 its elem5ts1 be ^! elem5ts ?+s1 or be !y ! conjunctions ( ?+s2 x exi/s r 9 ! dramatic outcome 9 ! :ole process1 & 9 ! mean+ ( ! succession /ages :i* ! elem5ts "w out4 ,my colleague & ma/]1 ,josiah ,royce1 9 a page ( 8 review ( ,/\t's ,analytic ,psy*ology#ajc has "s f9e words on ?is po9t ) :i* ,i cordially agree4 ,i _c agree ) 8 sep>at+ ! notion ( efficacy f t ( activity altoge!r 7?is ,i und]/& to be "o cont5tion ( 87 = activities are efficaci\s :5ev] !y are real activities at all4 ,b ! inn] nature bo? ( efficacy & ( activity are sup]ficial problems1 ,i und]/& ,royce to say2 & ! only po9t = u 9 solv+ !m w\ld be _! possible use 9 help+ u to solve ! f> deep] problem ( ! c\rse & mean+ ( ! _w ( life4 ,life1 says our colleague1 is full ( significance1 ( mean+1 ( success & ( defeat1 ( hop+ & ( /riv+1 ( long+1 ( desire1 & ( inn] value4 ,x is a total pres5ce t embodies wor?4 ,to live our own lives bett] 9 ?is pres5ce is ! true reason :y we wi% to "k ! elem5ts ( ?+s2 s ev5 we psy*ologi/s mu/ end on ?is pragmatic note4 ,! urg5t problems ( activity are ?us m concrete4 ,!y are all problems ( ! true relation ( long]-span to %ort]-span activities4 ,:51 = example1 a numb] ( 'ideas' 7to use ! "n traditional 9 psy*ology7 gr[ conflu5t 9 a l>g] field ( consci\sness1 d ! small] activities /ill co-exi/ ) ! wid] activities !n exp]i5c$ by ! consci\s subject8 ,&1 if s1 d ! wide activities accompany ! n>r[ ones in]tly1 or d !y ex]t control8 ,or d !y p]haps utt]ly supplant & replace !m & %ort-circuit _! effects8 ,aga91 :5 a m5tal activity-process & a bra9-cell s]ies ( activities bo? t]m9ate 9 ! same muscul> movem5t1 does ! m5tal process /e] ! neural processes or n8 ,or1 on ! o!r h&1 does x indep5d5tly %ort-circuit _! effects8 ,su* are ! que/ions t we mu/ beg9 )4 ,b s f> am ,i f sugge/+ any def9itive answ] to su* que/ions1 t ,i h>dly yet c put !m cle>ly4 ,!y lead1 h[ev]1 into t region ( panpsy*ic & ontologic speculation ( :i* ,pr(essors ,b]gson & ,/rong h lately enl>g$ ! lit]ature 9 s able & int]e/+ a way4#ajd ,! results ( ^! au?ors seem 9 _m respects dissimil>1 & ,i und]/& ?an z yet b imp]fectly2 b ,i _c help suspect+ t ! direction ( _! "w is v promis+1 & t !y h ! hunt]'s in/9ct = ! fruitful trails4 ,,footnotes3 #he ,presid5t's ,address be=e ! ,am]ican ,psy*ological ,association1 ,philadelphia ,meet+1 ,decemb]1 #aijd4 ,repr9t$ f ,! ,psy*ological ,review1 vol4 ,,xii1 ,no4 #a1 ,jan41 #aije4 ,also repr9t$1 ) "s omissions1 z ,app5dix ,b1 ,a ,plurali/ic ,univ]se1 pp4 #cgj-cid4 ,pp4 #aff-afg h also be5 repr9t$ 9 ,"s ,problems ( ,philosophy1 p4 #bab4 ,! pres5t essay is ref]r$ to 9 ibid41 p4 #bai1 note4 ,! au?or's corrections h be5 adopt$ = ! pres5t text4 ,,ed4 #hf ,! ,j\rnal ( ,philosophy1 ,psy*ology & ,sci5tific ,me?ods4 #hg ,appe>ance & ,reality1 second edition1 pp4 #aaf-aag4--,obvi\sly writt5 at ,w>d1 ?\gh ,w>d's "n is n m5tion$4 #hh ,m9d1 vol4 ,,xii1 #ahhg1 pp4 #egc-egd4 #hi ,m9d1 ,n4 ,s41 vol4 ,,vi1 #ahig1 p4 #cgi4 #ij ,naturalism & ,agno/icism1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #bde4 ,"o ?9ks naturally ( ! p]ipatetic actus primus & actus secundus "h4 ,actus autem e/ duplex3 primus et secundus4 ,actus quidem primus e/ =ma1 et integritas sei4 ,actus autem secundus e/ op]atio4 ,?omas ,aqu9as3 ,summa ,!ologica1 edition ( ,leo ,,xiii1 7#ahid71 vol4 ,i1 p4 #cia4 ,cf4 also ,blanc3 ,dictionnaire de ,philosophie1 "u 'acte4' ,,ed4 #ia ,appe>ance & ,reality1 second edition1 p4 #aaf4 #ib ,kritik d] re95 ,v]nunft1 ,w]ke1 7#aije71 vol4 ,,iv1 p4 #aaj 7trans4 by ,max ,mll]1 second edition1 p4 #abh74 #ic ,i ref] to su* descriptive "w z ,ladd's 7,psy*ology1 ,descriptive & ,explanatory1 "p ,i1 *ap4 ,v1 "p ,,ii1 *ap4 ,,xi1 "p ,,iii1 *aps4 ,,xxv & ,,xxvi72 z ,sully's 7,! ,human ,m9d1 "p ,v72 z ,/\t's 7,analytic ,psy*ology1 book ,i1 *ap4 ,,vi1 & book ,,ii1 *aps4 ,i1 ,,ii1 & ,,iii72 z ,bradley's 79 8 long s]ies ( analytic articles on ,psy*ology 9 ,m9d72 z ,tit*5]'s 7,outl9e ( ,psy*ology1 "p ,i1 *ap4 ,,vi72 z ,%&'s 7,m9d1 ,n4 ,s41 ,,iii1 #ddi2 ,,iv1 #dej2 ,,vi1 #bhi72 z ,w>d's 7,m9d1 ,,xii1 #fg2 #efd72 z ,lov$ay's 7,m9d1 ,n4 ,s41 ,x1 #dee72 z ,lipps's 7,vom ,fhl51 ,woll5 und ,d5k51 #aijb1 *aps4 ,,ii1 ,,iv1 ,,vi72 & z ,b]gson's 7,revue ,philosophique1 ,,liii1 #a7--to m5tion only a few writ+s :i* ,i imm$iately recall4 #id ,_! exi/5ce =ms a curi\s comm5t>y on ,pr(4 ,mn/]b]g's dogma t w-attitudes are n describable4 ,he himself has contribut$ 9 a sup]ior way to _! description1 bo? 9 8 ,will5%&lung1 & 9 8 ,grundzge d] ,psy*ologie1 "p ,,ii1 *ap4 ,,ix1 #g4 #ie ,i ought myself to cry peccavi1 hav+ be5 a volum9\s s9n] 9 my own *apt] on ! w4 ,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology1 vol4 ,,ii1 *ap4 ,,xxvi4 #if ,cf4 ,f4 ,h4 ,bradley1 ,appe>ance & ,reality1 second edition1 pp4 #if-ig4 #ig ,cf4 above1 p4 #ei1 note4 #ih ,v]borum grati3 ,! feel+ ( activity is n able1 qu feel+1 to tell u any?+ ab\t activity 7,lov$ay3 ,m9d1 ,n4 ,s41 vol4 ,x1 #aija1 p4 #dfc72 ,a s5sation or feel+ or s5se ( activity 444 is n1 look$ at 9 ano!r way1 an exp]i5ce ( activity at all4 ,x is a m]e s5sation %ut up )9 :i* y c\ld by no reflection get ! idea ( activity4444 ,:e!r ?is exp]i5ce is or is n lat] on a "* ess5tial to our p]ception & our idea ( activity1 x1 z x comes fir/1 is n 9 itself an exp]i5ce ( activity at all4 ,x1 z x comes fir/1 is only s = extrane\s reasons & only s = an outside obs]v] 7,bradley1 ,appe>ance & ,reality1 second edition1 p4 #fje72 ,9 dem ,ttigkeitsgefhle liegt an si* ni*t d] g]+/e ,beweis fr das ,vorh&5se9 e9] psy*is*5 ,ttigkeit 7,mn/]b]g3 ,grundzge d] ,psy*ologie74 ,i c\ld multiply simil> quotations & w\ld h introduc$ "s ( !m into my text to make x m concrete1 save t ! m+l+ ( diff]5t po9ts ( view 9 mo/ ( ^! au?or's discussions 7n 9 ,mn/]b]g's7 make x impossible to dis5tangle exactly :at !y mean4 ,i am sure 9 any case1 to be accus$ ( misrepres5t+ !m totally1 ev5 9 ?is note1 by omission ( ! context1 s ! less ,i "n names & ! m ,i /ick to ab/ract *>act]ization ( a m]ely possible /yle ( op9ion1 ! saf] x w be4 ,& apropos ( misund]/&+s1 ,i may add to ?is note a compla9t on my own acc\nt4 ,pr(essor ,/\t1 9 ! excell5t *apt] on ',m5tal ,activity1' 9 vol4 ,i ( 8 ,analytic ,psy*ology1 takes me to task = id5tify+ spiritual activity ) c]ta9 muscul> feel+s & gives quotations to be> him out4 ,!y are f c]ta9 p>agraphs on '! ,self1' 9 :i* my attempt 0 to %[ :at ! c5tral nucleus ( ! activities t we call 'ours' is4 ,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology1 vol4 ,i1 pp4 #bii-cje4 ,i f\nd x 9 c]ta9 intracephalic movem5ts :i* we habitually oppose1 z 'subjective1' to ! activities ( ! transcorporeal _w4 ,i s\ght to %[ t !re is no direct evid5ce t we feel ! activity ( an inn] spiritual ag5t z su* 7,i %\ld n[ say ! activity ( 'consci\sness' z su*1 see ! fir/ essay1 ',does ,consci\sness ,exi/8'74 ,!re are1 9 fact1 ?ree di/+ui%able 'activities' 9 ! field ( discussion3 ! elem5t>y activity involv$ 9 ! m]e t ( exp]i5ce1 9 ! fact t some?+ is go+ on1 & ! f>!r specification ( ?is some?+ into two :ats1 an activity felt z 'ours1' & an activity ascrib$ to objects4 ,/\t1 z ,i appreh5d him1 id5tifies 'our' activity ) t ( ! total exp]i5ce-process1 & :5 ,i circumscribe x z a "p !re(1 accuses me ( treat+ x z a sort ( ext]nal app5dage to itself 7,/\t3 op4 cit41 vol4 ,i1 pp4 #afb-afc71 z if ,i 'sep>at$ ! activity f ! process :i* is active4' ,b all ! processes 9 "q are active1 & _! activity is insep>able f _! be+4 ,my book rais$ only ! "q ( :i* activity des]v$ ! "n ( 'ours4' ,s f> z we are 'p]sons1' & contra/$ & oppos$ to an 'environm5t1' movem5ts 9 our body figure z our activities2 & ,i am unable to f9d any o!r activities t are ours 9 ?is /rictly p]sonal s5se4 ,!re is a wid] s5se 9 :i* ! :ole '*oir ( heav5 & furniture ( ! e>?1' & _! activities1 are ours1 = !y are our 'objects4' ,b 'we' are "h only ano!r "n = ! total process ( exp]i5ce1 ano!r "n = all t is1 9 fact2 & ,i 0 deal+ ) ! p]sonal & individualiz$ self exclusively 9 ! passages ) :i* ,pr(essor ,/\t f9ds fault4 ,! individualiz$ self1 :i* ,i believe to be ! only ?+ prop]ly call$ self1 is a "p ( ! cont5t ( ! _w exp]i5c$4 ,! _w exp]i5c$ 7o!rwise call$ ! 'field ( consci\sness'7 comes at all times ) our body z its c5tre1 c5tre ( vision1 c5tre ( action1 c5tre ( int]e/4 ,:]e ! body is is '"h'2 :5 ! body acts is 'n['2 :at ! body t\*es is '?is'2 all o!r ?+s are '!re' & '!n' & 't4' ,^! words ( emphasiz$ position imply a sy/ematization ( ?+s ) ref]5ce to a focus ( action & int]e/ :i* lies 9 ! body2 & ! sy/ematization is n[ s in/9ctive 70 x ev] n s87 t no develop$ or active exp]i5ce exi/s = u at all except 9 t ord]$ =m4 ,s f> z '?\ghts' & 'feel+s' c be active1 _! activity t]m9ates 9 ! activity ( ! body1 & only ?r\gh fir/ ar\s+ its activities c !y beg9 to *ange ^? ( ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,cf4 also ,a ,plurali/ic ,univ]se1 p4 #cdd1 note #h4 ,,ed4 ,! body is ! /orm c5tre1 ! orig9 ( co-ord9ates1 ! con/ant place ( /ress 9 all t exp]i5ce-tra94 ,ev]y?+ circles r\nd x1 & is felt f its po9t ( view4 ,! ^w ',i1' !n1 is prim>ily a n\n ( position1 j l '?is' & '"h4' ,activities atta*$ to '?is' position h pr]ogative emphasis1 &1 if activities h feel+s1 mu/ be felt 9 a peculi> way4 ,! ^w 'my' designates ! k9d ( emphasis4 ,i see no inconsi/5cy :atev] 9 def5d+1 on ! "o h&1 'my' activities z unique & oppos$ to ^? ( out] nature1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 9 affirm+1 aft] introspection1 t !y consi/ 9 movem5ts 9 ! head4 ,! 'my' ( !m is ! emphasis1 ! feel+ ( p]spective-int]e/ 9 :i* !y are dy$4 #ii ,enquiry ,conc]n+ ,human ,und]/&+1 sect4 ,,vii1 "p ,i1 ,selby-,bigge's edition1 pp4 #fe ff4 #ajj ,page #agb4 #aja ,let me n be told t ?is contradicts ! fir/ essay1 ',does ,consci\sness ,exi/8' 7see especially page #cb71 9 :i* x 0 said t :ile '?\ghts' & '?+s' h ! same natures1 ! natures "w 'en]getically' on ea* o!r 9 ! ?+s 7fire burns1 wat] wets1 etc47 b n 9 ! ?\ghts4 ,m5tal activity-tra9s are compos$ ( ?\ghts1 yet _! memb]s d "w on ea* o!r1 !y *eck1 su/a91 & introduce4 ,!y d s :5 ! activity is m]ely associational z well z :5 ef=t is !re4 ,b1 & ?is is my reply1 !y d s by o!r p>ts ( _! nature ?an ^? t en]gize physically4 ,"o ?\ght 9 e develop$ activity-s]ies is a desire or ?\ght ( purpose1 & all ! o!r ?\ghts acquire a feel+ tone f _! relation ( h>mony or oppugnancy to ?is4 ,! int]play ( ^! second>y tones 7among :i* 'int]e/1' 'difficulty1' & 'ef=t' figure7 runs ! drama 9 ! m5tal s]ies4 ,9 :at we t]m ! physical drama ^! qualities play absolutely no "p4 ,! subject ne$s c>eful work+ out2 b ,i c see no inconsi/5cy4 #ajb ,i h f\nd myself m ?an once accus$ 9 pr9t ( be+ ! ass]tor ( a metaphysical pr9ciple ( activity4 ,s9ce lit]>y misund]/&+s ret>d ! settlem5t ( problems1 ,i %\ld l to say t su* an int]pretation ( ! pages ,i h publi%$ on ,ef=t & on ,w is absolutely =eign to :at ,i meant to express4 ,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology1 vol4 ,,ii1 *4 ,,xxvi4 ,i owe all my doctr9es on ?is subject to ,r5\vi]2 & ,r5\vi]1 z ,i und]/& him1 is 7or at any rate !n 07 an out & out ph5om5i/1 a d5i] ( '=ces' 9 ! mo/ /r5u\s s5se4 ,cf4 ,*4 ,r5\vi]3 ,esquisse d'une ,classification ,sy/matique des ,doctr9es ,philosophiques 7#ahhe71 vol4 ,,ii1 pp4 #cij-cib2 ,essais de ,critique ,gnrale 7#ahei71 vol4 ,,ii1 ix1 xiii4 ,= an ackn[l$gm5t ( ! au?or's g5]al indebt$ness to ,r5\vi]1 cf4 ,"s ,problems ( ,philosophy1 p4 #afe1 note4 ,,ed4 ,s+le clauses 9 my writ+1 or s5t5ces read out ( _! connection1 may possibly h be5 compatible ) a transph5om5al pr9ciple ( en]gy2 b ,i defy anyone to %[ a s+le s5t5ce :i*1 tak5 ) its context1 %\ld be naturally held to advocate t view4 ,! mis9t]pretation probably arose at fir/ f my def5d+ 7aft] ,r5\vi]7 ! indet]m9ism ( our ef=ts4 ',free w' 0 suppos$ by my critics to involve a sup]natural ag5t4 ,z a matt] ( pla9 hi/ory ! only 'free w' ,i h ev] ?\ght ( def5d+ is ! "* ( novelty 9 fre% activity-situations4 ,if an activity-process is ! =m ( a :ole 'field ( consci\sness1' & if ea* field ( consci\sness is n only 9 its totality unique 7z is n[ commonly admitt$7 b has its elem5ts unique 7s9ce 9 t situation !y are all dy$ 9 ! total7 !n novelty is p]petually ent]+ ! _w & :at happ5s !re is n pure repetition1 z ! dogma ( ! lit]al uni=mity ( nature requires4 ,activity-situations come1 9 %ort1 ea* ) an orig9al t\*4 ,a 'pr9ciple' ( free w if !re 7 "o1 w\ld d\btless manife/ itself 9 su* ph5om5a1 b ,i nev] saw1 nor d ,i n[ see1 :at ! pr9ciple c\ld d except rehe>se ! ph5om5on be=eh&1 or :y x ev] %\ld be invok$4 #ajc ,m9d1 ,n4 ,s41 vol4 ,,vi1 #ahig2 cf4 pp4 #cib-cic4 #ajd ,cf4 ,a ,plurali/ic ,univ]se1 ,lect4 ,,vi 7on ,b]gson72 ,h4 ,b]gson3 ,creative ,evolution1 trans4 by ,a4 ,mit*ell2 ,c4 ,a4 ,/rong3 ,:y ! ,m9d has a ,body1 *4 ,,xii4 ,,ed4 ,,vii ,,! ,,ess5ce ,,( ,,humanism#aje ,humanism is a f]m5t t has 'come to /ay4'#ajf ,x is n a s+le hypo!sis or !orem1 & x dwells on no new facts4 ,x is r a sl[ %ift+ 9 ! philosophic p]spective1 mak+ ?+s appe> z f a new c5tre ( int]e/ or po9t ( sight4 ,"s writ]s are /rongly consci\s ( ! %ift+1 o!rs half unconsci\s1 ev5 ?\gh _! own vision may h und]gone mu* *ange4 ,! result is no small confusion 9 debate1 ! half-consci\s humani/s (t5 tak+ "p aga9/ ! radical ones1 z if !y wi%$ to c\nt ^u ! o!r side4#ajg ,if humanism really be ! "n = su* a %ift+ ( p]spective1 x is obvi\s t ! :ole sc5e ( ! philosophic /age w *ange 9 "s degree if humanism prevails4 ,! emphasis ( ?+s1 _! =egr\nd & backgr\nd di/ribution1 _! sizes & values1 w n keep j ! same4#ajh ,if su* p]vasive consequ5ces be involv$ 9 humanism1 x is cle> t no pa9s :i* philosoph]s may take1 fir/ 9 def9+ x1 & !n 9 fur!r+1 *eck+1 or /e]+ its progress1 w be ?r[n away4 ,x suff]s badly at pres5t f incomplete def9ition4 ,its mo/ sy/ematic advocates1 ,s*ill] & ,dewey1 h publi%$ fragm5t>y programs only2 & its be>+ on _m vital philosophic problems has n be5 trac$ except by adv]s>ies :o1 sc5t+ h]esies 9 advance1 h %[]$ bl[s on doctr9es--subjectivism & scepticism1 = example--t no good humani/ f9ds x necess>y to ent]ta94 ,by _! /ill great] retic5ces1 ! anti-humani/s h1 9 turn1 p]plex$ ! humani/s4 ,mu* ( ! controv]sy has involv$ ! ^w 'tru?4' ,x is always good 9 debate to "k y\r adv]s>y's po9t ( view au!ntically4 ,b ! critics ( humanism nev] def9e exactly :at ! ^w 'tru?' signifies :5 !y use x !mselves4 ,! humani/s h to guess at _! view2 & ! result has d\btless be5 mu* beat+ ( ! air4 ,add to all ?is1 great individual diff]5ces 9 bo? camps1 & x becomes cle> t no?+ is s urg5tly ne$$1 at ! /age :i* ?+s h rea*$ at pres5t1 z a %>p] def9ition by ea* side ( its c5tral po9t ( view4 ,:oev] w contribute any t\* ( %>pness w help u to make sure ( :at's :at & :o is :o4 ,anyone c contribute su* a def9ition1 &1 )\t x1 no "o kn[s exactly :]e he /&s4 ,if ,i (f] my own provisional def9ition ( humanism#aji n[ & "h1 o!rs may improve x1 "s adv]s>y may be l$ to def9e 8 own cre$ m %>ply by ! contra/1 & a c]ta9 quick5+ ( ! cry/allization ( g5]al op9ion may result4 ,i ,! ess5tial s]vice ( humanism1 z ,i conceive ! situation1 is to h se5 t ?\gh "o "p ( our exp]i5ce may lean ^u ano!r "p to make x :at x is 9 any "o ( sev]al aspects 9 :i* x may be consid]$1 exp]i5ce z a :ole is self-conta9+ & leans on no?+4 ,s9ce ?is =mula also expresses ! ma9 cont5tion ( transc5d5tal idealism1 x ne$s abundant explication to make x unambigu\s4 ,x seems1 at fir/ sight1 to conf9e itself to d5y+ !ism & pan!ism4 ,b1 9 fact1 x ne$ n d5y ei!r2 ev]y?+ w\ld dep5d on ! exegesis2 & if ! =mula ev] became canonical1 x w\ld c]ta9ly develop bo? "r-w+ & left-w+ int]pret]s4 ,i myself read humanism !i/ically & plurali/ically4 ,if !re be a ,god1 he is no absolute all-exp]i5c]1 b simply ! exp]i5c] ( wide/ actual consci\s span4 ,read ?us1 humanism is = me a religion susceptible ( reason$ def5ce1 ?\gh ,i am well aw>e h[ _m m9ds !re are to :om x c appeal religi\sly only :5 x has be5 moni/ically translat$4 ,e?ically ! plurali/ic =m ( x takes = me a /rong] hold on reality ?an any o!r philosophy ,i "k (--x be+ ess5tially a social philosophy1 a philosophy ( 'co1' 9 :i* conjunctions d ! "w4 ,b my prim>y reason = advocat+ x is its mat*less intellectual economy4 ,x gets rid1 n only ( ! /&+ 'problems' t monism eng5d]s 7'problem ( evil1' 'problem ( fre$om1' & ! l71 b ( o!r metaphysical my/]ies & p>adoxes z well4 ,x gets rid1 = example1 ( ! :ole agno/ic controv]sy1 by refus+ to ent]ta9 ! hypo!sis ( trans-empirical reality at all4 ,x gets rid ( any ne$ = an absolute ( ! ,bradleyan type 7av[$ly /]ile = intellectual purposes7 by insi/+ t ! conjunctive relations f\nd )9 exp]i5ce are faultlessly real4 ,x gets rid ( ! ne$ ( an absolute ( ! ,roycean type 7simil>ly /]ile7 by its pragmatic treatm5t ( ! problem ( k a treatm5t ( :i* ,i h already giv5 a v]sion 9 two v inadequate articles4#aaj ,z ! views ( k1 reality & tru? imput$ to humanism h be5 ^? s f> mo/ fi]cely attack$1 x is 9 reg>d to ^! ideas t a %>p5+ ( focus seems mo/ urg5tly requir$4 ,i proce$ !re=e to br+ ! views :i* ,i impute to humanism 9 ^! respects into focus z briefly z ,i c4 ,,ii ,if ! c5tral humani/ic !sis1 pr9t$ above 9 italics1 be accept$1 x w foll[ t1 if !re be any su* ?+ at all z kn[+1 ! kn[] & ! object kn[n mu/ bo? be portions ( exp]i5ce4 ,"o "p ( exp]i5ce mu/1 !re=e1 ei!r 7#a7 ,"k ano!r "p ( exp]i5ce--9 o!r words1 p>ts mu/1 z ,pr(essor ,woodbridge says1#aaa repres5t "o ano!r in/ead ( repres5t+ realities outside ( 'consci\sness'--?is case is t ( conceptual k2 or else 7#b7 ,!y mu/ simply exi/ z s _m ultimate ?ats or facts ( be+1 9 ! fir/ in/ance2 & !n1 z a second>y complication1 & )\t d\bl+ up its entitative s+le-ness1 any "o & ! same t mu/ figure alt]nately z a ?+ kn[n & z a k ( ! ?+1 by reason ( two div]g5t k9ds ( context into :i*1 9 ! g5]al c\rse ( exp]i5ce1 x gets wov54#aab ,?is second case is t ( s5se-p]ception4 ,!re is a /age ( ?\ght t goes beyond common s5se1 & ( x ,i %all say m pres5tly2 b ! common-s5se /age is a p]fectly def9ite halt+-place ( ?\ght1 prim>ily = purposes ( action2 &1 s long z we rema9 on ! common-s5se /age ( ?\ght1 object & subject fuse 9 ! fact ( 'pres5tation' or s5se-p]ception--! p5 & h& :i* ,i n[ see writ+1 = example1 are ! physical realities :i* ^? words designate4 ,9 ?is case !re is no self-transc5d5cy impli$ 9 ! kn[+4 ,humanism1 "h1 is only a m comm9ut$ ,id5tittsphilosophie4#aac ,9 case 7#a71 on ! contr>y1 ! repres5tative exp]i5ce does transc5d itself 9 kn[+ ! o!r exp]i5ce t is its object4 ,no "o c talk ( ! k ( ! "o by ! o!r )\t see+ !m z num]ically di/9ct entities1 ( :i* ! "o lies beyond ! o!r & away f x1 along "s direction & ) "s int]val1 t c be def9itely nam$4 ,b1 if ! talk] be a humani/1 he mu/ also see ?is di/ance-int]val concretely & pragmatically1 & confess x to consi/ ( o!r int]v5+ exp]i5ces--( possible ones1 at all ev5ts1 if n ( actual4 ,to call my pres5t idea ( my dog1 = example1 cognitive ( ! real dog means t1 z ! actual tissue ( exp]i5ce is con/itut$1 ! idea is capable ( lead+ into a *a9 ( o!r exp]i5ces on my "p t g f next to next & t]m9ate at la/ 9 vivid s5se-p]ceptions ( a jump+1 b>k+1 hairy body4 ,^? are ! real dog1 ! dog's full pres5ce1 = my common s5se4 ,if ! suppos$ talk] is a pr(\nd philosoph]1 al?\gh !y may n be ! real dog = him1 !y mean ! real dog1 are practical sub/itutes = ! real dog1 z ! repres5tation 0 a practical sub/itute = !m1 t real dog be+ a lot ( atoms1 say1 or ( m9d-/uff1 t lie :]e ! s5se-p]ceptions lie 9 8 exp]i5ce z well z 9 my own4 ,,iii ,! philosoph] "h /&s = ! /age ( ?\ght t goes beyond ! /age ( common s5se2 & ! diff]5ce is simply t he 'int]polates' & 'extrapolates1' :]e common s5se does n4 ,= common s5se1 two m5 see ! same id5tical real dog4 ,philosophy1 not+ actual diff]5ces 9 _! p]ceptions1 po9ts out ! duality ( ^! latt]1 & int]polates some?+ betwe5 !m z a m real t]m9us--fir/1 organs1 visc]a1 etc42 next1 cells2 !n1 ultimate atoms2 la/ly1 m9d-/uff p]haps4 ,! orig9al s5se-t]m9i ( ! two m51 in/ead ( coalesc+ ) ea* o!r & ) ! real dog-object1 z at fir/ suppos$1 are ?us held by philosoph]s to be sep>at$ by invisible realities ) :i*1 at mo/1 !y are cont]m9\s4 ,aboli%1 n[1 "o ( ! p]cipi5ts1 & ! int]polation *anges into 'extrapolation4' ,! s5se-t]m9us ( ! rema9+ p]cipi5t is reg>d$ by ! philosoph] z n q rea*+ reality4 ,he has only c>ri$ ! procession ( exp]i5ces1 ! philosoph] ?9ks1 to a def9ite1 because practical1 halt+-place some:]e on ! way t[>ds an absolute tru? t lies beyond4 ,! humani/ sees all ! "t1 h[ev]1 t !re is no absolute transc5d5cy ev5 ab\t ! m absolute realities ?us conjectur$ or believ$ 94 ,! visc]a & cells are only possible p]cepts foll[+ ^u t ( ! out] body4 ,! atoms aga91 ?\gh we may nev] atta9 to human means ( p]ceiv+ !m1 are /ill def9$ p]ceptually4 ,! m9d-/uff itself is conceiv$ z a k9d ( exp]i5ce2 & x is possible to frame ! hypo!sis 7su* hypo!ses c by no logic be exclud$ f philosophy7 ( two kn[]s ( a piece ( m9d-/uff & ! m9d-/uff itself becom+ 'conflu5t' at ! mom5t at :i* our imp]fect kn[+ might pass into kn[+ ( a complet$ type4 ,ev5 s d y & ,i habitually repres5t our two p]ceptions & ! real dog z conflu5t1 ?\gh only provisionally1 & = ! common-s5se /age ( ?\ght4 ,if my p5 be inw>dly made ( m9d-/uff1 !re is no conflu5ce n[ betwe5 t m9d-/uff & my visual p]ception ( ! p54 ,b conceivably !re might come to be su* conflu5ce2 =1 9 ! case ( my h&1 ! visual s5sations & ! inw>d feel+s ( ! h&1 its m9d-/uff1 s to speak1 are ev5 n[ z conflu5t z any two ?+s c be4 ,!re is1 ?us1 no brea* 9 humani/ic epi/emology4 ,:e!r k be tak5 z ideally p]fect$1 or only z true en\gh to pass mu/] = practice1 x is hung on "o cont9u\s s*eme4 ,reality1 h[soev] remote1 is always def9$ z a t]m9us )9 ! g5]al possibilities ( exp]i5ce2 & :at kn[s x is def9$ z an exp]i5ce t 'repres5ts' x1 9 ! s5se ( be+ sub/itutable = x 9 our ?9k+ because x leads to ! same associates1 or 9 ! s5se ( 'po9t+ to x' ?r\gh a *a9 ( o!r exp]i5ces t ei!r int]v5e or may int]v5e4 ,absolute reality "h be>s ! same relation to s5sation z s5sation be>s to conception or imag9ation4 ,bo? are provisional or f9al t]m9i1 s5sation be+ only ! t]m9us at :i* ! practical man habitually /ops1 :ile ! philosoph] projects a 'beyond' 9 ! %ape ( m absolute reality4 ,^! t]m9i1 = ! practical & ! philosophical /ages ( ?\ght respectively1 are self-support+4 ,!y are n 'true' ( any?+ else1 !y simply are1 are real4 ,!y 'lean on no?+1' z my italiciz$ =mula said4 ,r does ! :ole fabric ( exp]i5ce lean on !m1 j z ! :ole fabric ( ! sol> sy/em1 includ+ _m relative positions1 leans1 = its absolute position 9 space1 on any "o ( its con/itu5t />s4 ,"h1 aga91 "o gets a new ,id5tittsphilosophie 9 plurali/ic =m4#aad ,,iv ,if ,i h succe$$ 9 mak+ ?is at all cle> 7?\gh ,i fe> t brevity & ab/ractness betwe5 !m may h made me fail71 ! read] w see t ! 'tru?' ( our m5tal op]ations mu/ always be an intra-exp]i5tial affair4 ,a conception is reckon$ true by common s5se :5 x c be made to lead to a s5sation4 ,! s5sation1 :i* = common s5se is n s mu* 'true' z 'real1' is held to be provisionally true by ! philosoph] j 9 s f> z x cov]s 7abuts at1 or occupies ! place (7 a /ill m absolutely real exp]i5ce1 9 ! possibility ( :i* to "s remot] exp]i5t ! philosoph] f9ds reason to believe4 ,mean:ile :at actually does c\nt = true to any individual tr[]1 :e!r he be philosoph] or common man1 is always a result ( 8 app]ceptions4 ,if a novel exp]i5ce1 conceptual or s5sible1 contradict too emphatically our pre-exi/5t sy/em ( beliefs1 9 n9ety-n9e cases out ( a hundr$ x is treat$ z false4 ,only :5 ! old] & ! new] exp]i5ces are congru\s en\gh to mutually app]ceive & modify ea* o!r1 does :at we treat z an advance 9 tru? result4 ,hav+ writt5 ( ?is po9t 9 an article 9 reply to ,mr4 ,joseph's criticism ( my humanism1 ,i w say no m ab\t tru? "h1 b ref] ! read] to t review4#aae ,9 no case1 h[ev]1 ne$ tru? consi/ 9 a relation betwe5 our exp]i5ces & some?+ ar*etypal or trans-exp]i5tial4 ,%\ld we ev] rea* absolutely t]m9al exp]i5ces1 exp]i5ces 9 :i* we all agre$1 :i* 7 sup]s$$ by no revis$ cont9uations1 ^! w\ld n be true1 !y w\ld be real1 !y w\ld simply be1 & be inde$ ! angles1 corn]s1 & l9*p9s ( all reality1 on :i* ! tru? ( ev]y?+ else w\ld be /ay$4 ,only su* o!r ?+s z l$ to ^! by satisfactory conjunctions w\ld be 'true4' ,satisfactory connection ( "s sort ) su* t]m9i is all t ! ^w 'tru?' means4 ,on ! common-s5se /age ( ?\ght s5se-pres5tations s]ve z su* t]m9i4 ,our ideas & concepts & sci5tific !ories pass = true only s f> z !y h>moni\sly lead back to ! _w ( s5se4 ,i hope t _m humani/s w endorse ?is attempt ( m9e to trace ! m ess5tial features ( t way ( view+ ?+s4 ,i feel almo/ c]ta9 t ,messrs4 ,dewey & ,s*ill] w d s4 ,if ! attack]s w also take "s slight acc\nt ( x1 x may be t discussion w be a little less wide ( ! m>k ?an x has hi!rto be54 ,,footnotes3 #aje ,repr9t$ f ,! ,j\rnal ( ,philosophy1 ,psy*ology & ,sci5tific ,me?ods1 vol4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #e1 ,m>* #b1 #aije4 ,also repr9t$1 ) slight *anges 9 ,! ,mean+ ( ,tru?1 pp4 #aba-ace4 ,! au?or's corrections h be5 adopt$ = ! pres5t text4 ,,ed4 #ajf ,writt5 apropos ( ! appe>ance ( ?ree articles 9 ,m9d1 ,n4 ,s41 vol4 ,,xiv1 ,no4 #ec1 ,janu>y1 #aije3 ',absolute' & ',relative' ,tru?1 ,h4 ,h4 ,joa*im2 ,pr(essor ,james on ',humanism & ,tru?1' ,h4 ,w4 ,b4 ,joseph2 ,appli$ ,axioms1 ,a4 ,sidgwick4 ,( ^! articles ! second & ?ird cont9ue ! humani/ic 7or pragmati/ic7 controv]sy1 ! fir/ deeply connects ) x4 ,,ed4 #ajg ,pr(essor ,baldw91 = example4 ,8 address ',on ,selective ,?9k+' 7,psy*ological ,review1 vol4 ,v1 #ahih1 repr9t$ 9 8 volume1 ,developm5t & ,evolution7 seems to me an unusually well-writt5 pragmatic manife/o4 ,nev]!less 9 ',! ,limits ( ,pragmatism' 7ibid41 vol4 ,,xi1 #aijd71 he 7mu* less cle>ly7 jo9s 9 ! attack4 #ajh ,! e?ical *anges1 x seems to me1 are beautifully made evid5t 9 ,pr(essor ,dewey's s]ies ( articles1 :i* w nev] get ! att5tion !y des]ve till !y are pr9t$ 9 a book4 ,i mean3 ',! ,significance ( ,emotions1' ,psy*ological ,review1 vol4 ,,ii1 #ahie1 p4 #ac2 ',! ,reflex ,arc ,concept 9 ,psy*ology1' ibid41 vol4 ,,iii1 #ahif1 p4 #ceg2 ',psy*ology & ,social ,practice1' ibid41 vol4 ,,vii1 #aijj1 p4 #aje2 ',int]pretation ( ,savage ,m9d1' ibid41 vol4 ,,ix1 #aijb1 p4 #bag2 ',gre5's ,!ory ( ! ,moral ,motive1' ,philosophical ,review1 vol4 ,i1 #ahib1 p4 #eic2 ',self-realization z ! ,moral ,ideal1' ibid41 vol4 ,,ii1 #ahic1 p4 #feb2 ',! ,psy*ology ( ,ef=t1' ibid41 vol4 ,,vi1 #ahig1 p4 #dc2 ',! ,evolution>y ,me?od z ,appli$ to ,morality1' ibid41 vol4 ,,xi1 #aijb1 pp4 #ajg1 #cec2 ',evolution & ,e?ics1' ,moni/1 vol4 ,,viii1 #ahih1 p4 #cba2 to m5tion only a few4 #aji ,! au?or employs ! t]m 'humanism' ei!r z a synonym = 'radical empiricism' 7cf4 e4g41 above1 p4 #aef72 or z t g5]al philosophy ( life ( :i* 'radical empiricism' is ! !oretical gr\nd 7cf4 bel[1 p4 #aid74 ,= o!r discussions ( 'humanism1' cf4 bel[1 essay ,,xi1 & ,! ,mean+ ( ,tru?1 essay ,,iii4 ,,ed4 #aaj ,omitt$ f repr9t 9 ,mean+ ( ,tru?4 ,! articles ref]r$ to are ',does ,consci\sness ,exi/8' & ',a ,_w ( ,pure ,exp]i5ce1' repr9t$ above4 #aaa ,9 ,sci5ce1 ,novemb] #d1 #aijd1 p4 #eii4 #aab ,?is /atem5t is probably excessively obscure to any "o :o has n read my two articles1 ',does ,consci\sness ,exi/8' & ',a ,_w ( ,pure ,exp]i5ce4' #aac ,cf4 above1 p4 #acd2 & bel[1 p4 #bjb4 #aad ,cf4 above1 pp4 #acd1 #aig4 #aae ,omitt$ f repr9t 9 ,mean+ ( ,tru?4 ,! review ref]r$ to is repr9t$ bel[1 pp4 #bdd-bfe1 "u ! title ,humanism & ,tru? ,once ,m4 ,,ed4 ,,viii ,,la ,,notion ,,de ,,consci5ce#aaf ,je v\drais v\s communiqu] quelques d\tes qui me sont v5us au sujet de la notion de ,consci5ce qui rgne dans t\s nos traits de psy*ologie4 ,on df9it habituellem5t la ,psy*ologie comme la ,sci5ce des faits de ,consci5ce1 ou des phnomnes1 ou encore des tats de la ,consci5ce4 ,qu'on admette qu'elle se ratta*e des moi p]sonnels1 ou bi5 qu'on la croie imp]sonnelle la faon du moi transc5d5tal de ,kant1 de la ,bewus/heit ou du ,bewus/se9 b]haupt de nos contempora9s en ,allemagne1 cette consci5ce e/ t\j\rs reg>de comme possdant une ess5ce propre1 absolum5t di/9cte de l'ess5ce des *oses matrielles1 qu'elle a le don my/rieux de reprs5t] et de connatre4 ,les faits matriels1 pris dans leur matrialit1 ne sont pas pr\vs1 ne sont pas objets d'expri5ce1 ne se rapport5t pas4 ,p\r qu'ils pr5n5t la =me du sy/me dans lequel n\s n\s s5tons vivre1 il faut qu'ils app>aiss5t1 et ce fait d'app>atre1 suraj\t leur exi/5ce brute1 s'appelle la consci5ce que n\s en avons1 ou peut-tre1 selon l'hypo?se panpsy*i/e1 qu'ils ont d'eux-mmes4 ,voil ce dualisme invtr qu'il semble impossible de *ass] de notre vue du monde4 ,ce monde peut bi5 exi/] en soi1 mais n\s n'en savons ri51 c> p\r n\s il e/ exclusivem5t un objet d'expri5ce2 et la condition indisp5sable cet effet1 c'e/ qu'il soit rapport des tmo9s1 qu'il soit connu p> un sujet ou p> des sujets spirituels4 ,objet et sujet1 voil les deux jambes sans lesquelles il semble que la philosophie ne saurait faire un pas en avant4 ,t\tes les coles sont d'accord l-dessus1 scola/ique1 c>tsianisme1 kantisme1 no-kantisme1 t\s admett5t le dualisme fondam5tal4 ,le positivisme ou agno/icisme de nos j\rs1 qui se pique de relev] des sci5ces naturelles1 se donne volonti]s1 il e/ vrai1 le nom de monisme4 ,mais ce n'e/ qu'un monisme v]bal4 ,il pose une ralit inconnue1 mais n\s dit que cette ralit se prs5te t\j\rs s\s deux aspects1 un ct consci5ce et un ct matire1 et ces deux cts demeur5t aussi irrductibles que les attributs fondam5taux1 t5due et p5se1 du ,dieu de ,sp9oza4 ,au fond1 le monisme contempora9 e/ du sp9ozisme pur4 ,or1 comm5t se reprs5te-t-on cette consci5ce dont n\s sommes t\s si ports admettre l'exi/5ce8 ,impossible de la df9ir1 n\s dit-on1 mais n\s en avons t\s une intuition immdiate3 t\t d'abord la consci5ce a consci5ce d'elle-mme4 ,dem&ez la premire p]sonne que v\s r5contr]ez1 homme ou femme1 psy*ologue ou ignorant1 et elle v\s rpondra qu'elle se s5t p5s]1 j\ir1 s\ffrir1 v\loir1 t\t comme elle se s5t respir]4 ,elle p]oit directem5t sa vie spirituelle comme une espce de c\rant intrieur1 actif1 lg]1 fluide1 dlicat1 diaphane p\r a9si dire1 et absolum5t oppos quoi que ce soit de matriel4 ,bref1 la vie subjective ne p>at pas seulem5t tre une condition logiquem5t indisp5sable p\r qu'il y ait un monde objectif qui app>aisse1 c'e/ encore un lm5t de l'expri5ce mme que n\s pr\vons directem5t1 au mme titre que n\s pr\vons notre propre corps4 ,ides et ,*oses1 comm5t donc ne pas reconnatre leur dualisme8 ,s5tim5ts et ,objets1 comm5t d\t] de leur htrognx absolue8 ,la psy*ologie soi-disant sci5tifique admet cette htrognx comme l'anci5ne psy*ologie spirituali/e l'admettait4 ,comm5t ne pas l'admettre8 ,*aque sci5ce dc\pe arbitrairem5t dans la trame des faits un *amp o elle se p>que1 et dont elle dcrit et tudie le cont5u4 ,la psy*ologie pr5d ju/em5t p\r son doma9e le *amp des faits de consci5ce4 ,elle les po/ule sans les critiqu]1 elle les oppose aux faits matriels2 et sans critiqu] non plus la notion de ces d]ni]s1 elle les ratta*e la consci5ce p> le li5 my/rieux de la connaissance1 de1 l'ap]ception qui1 p\r elle1 e/ un troisime g5re de fait fondam5tal et ultime4 ,en suivant cette voie1 la psy*ologie contempora9e a ft de gr&s triomphes4 ,elle a pu faire une esquisse de l'volution de la vie consci5te1 en concevant cette d]nire comme s'adaptant de plus en plus compltem5t au milieu physique environnant4 ,elle a pu tablir un p>alllisme dans le dualisme1 celui des faits psy*iques et des vnem5ts crbraux4 ,elle a expliqu les illusions1 les halluc9ations1 et jusqu' un c]ta9 po9t1 les maladies m5tales4 ,ce sont de beaux progrs2 mais il re/e encore bi5 des problmes4 ,la philosophie gnrale surt\t1 qui a p\r devoir de scrut] t\s les po/ulats1 tr\ve des p>adoxes et des emp*em5ts l o la sci5ce passe outre2 et il n'y a que les amateurs de sci5ce populaire qui ne sont jamais p]plexes4 ,plus on va au fond des *oses1 plus on tr\ve d'nigmes2 et j'av\e p\r ma "p que depuis que je m'occupe srieusem5t de psy*ologie1 ce vieux dualisme de matire et de p5se1 cette htrognx pose comme absolue des deux ess5ces1 m'a t\j\rs prs5t des difficults4 ,c'e/ de quelques-unes de ces difficults que je v\drais ma9t5ant v\s entret5ir4 ,d'abord il y en a une1 laquelle1 j'en suis conva9cu1 v\s aura frapps t\s4 ,pr5ons la p]ception extrieure1 la s5sation directe que n\s donn5t p> exemple les murs de cette salle4 ,peut-on dire ici que le psy*ique et le physique sont absolum5t htrognes8 ,au contraire1 ils sont si peu htrognes que si n\s n\s plaons au po9t de vue du s5s commun2 si n\s faisons ab/raction de t\tes les inv5tions explicatives1 des molcules et des ondulations ?res1 p> exemple1 qui au fond sont des entits mtaphysiques2 si1 en un mot1 n\s pr5ons la ralit navem5t et telle qu'elle n\s e/ donne t\t d'abord1 cette ralit s5sible d'o dp5d5t nos intrts vitaux1 et sur laquelle se port5t t\tes nos actions2 eh bi51 cette ralit s5sible et la s5sation que n\s en avons sont1 au mom5t o la s5sation se produit1 absolum5t id5tiques l'une l'autre4 ,la ralit e/ l'ap]ception mme4 ,les mots murs de cette salle ne signifi5t que cette blan*eur fra*e et sonore qui n\s ent\re1 c\pe p> ces f5tres1 borne p> ces lignes et ces angles4 ,le physique ici n'a pas d'autre cont5u que le psy*ique4 ,le sujet et l'objet se confond5t4 ,c'e/ ,b]keley qui le premi] a mis cette vrit en honneur4 ,esse e/ p]cipi4 ,nos s5sations ne sont pas de petits duplicats intrieurs des *oses1 elles sont les *oses mmes en tant que les *oses n\s sont prs5tes4 ,et quoi que l'on veuille p5s] de la vie abs5te1 ca*e1 et p\r a9si dire prive1 des *oses1 et quelles que soi5t les con/ructions hypo?tiques qu'on en fasse1 il re/e vrai que la vie publique des *oses1 cette actualit prs5te p> laquelle elles n\s confront5t1 d'o driv5t t\tes nos con/ructions ?oriques1 et laquelle elles doiv5t t\tes rev5ir et se ratta*] s\s pe9e de flott] dans l'air et dans l'irrel2 cette actualit1 dis-je1 e/ homogne1 et non pas seulem5t homogne1 mais numriquem5t une1 avec une c]ta9e p>tie de notre vie intrieure4 ,voil p\r la p]ception extrieure4 ,qu& on s'adresse l'imag9ation1 la mmoire ou aux facults de reprs5tation ab/raite1 bi5 que les faits soi5t ici beauc\p plus compliqus1 je crois que la mme homognx ess5tielle se dgage4 ,p\r simplifi] le problme1 excluons d'abord t\te ralit s5sible4 ,pr5ons la p5se pure1 telle qu'elle s'effectue dans le rve ou la rv]ie1 ou dans la mmoire du pass4 ,ici encore1 l't(fe de l'expri5ce ne fait-elle pas d\ble emploi1 le physique et le psy*ique ne se confond5t-ils pas8 ,si je rve d'une montagne d'or1 elle n'exi/e sans d\te pas en dehors du rve1 mais dans le rve elle e/ de nature ou d'ess5ce p>faitem5t physique1 c'e/ comme physique qu'elle m'app>at4 ,si en ce mom5t je me p]mets de me s\v5ir de ma maison en ,amrique1 et des dtails de mon emb>quem5t rc5t p\r l',italie1 le phnomne pur1 le fait qui se produit1 qu'e/-il8 ,c'e/1 dit-on1 ma p5se1 avec son cont5u4 ,mais encore ce cont5u1 qu'e/-il8 ,il porte la =me d'une p>tie du monde rel1 p>tie di/ante1 il e/ vrai1 de six mille kilomtres d'espace et de six sema9es de temps1 mais relie la salle o n\s sommes p> une f\le de *oses1 objets et vnem5ts1 homognes d'une "p avec la salle et d'autre "p avec l'objet de mes s\v5irs4 ,ce cont5u ne se donne pas comme tant d'abord un t\t petit fait intrieur que je projett]ais ensuite au lo91 il se prs5te d'emble comme le fait loign mme4 ,et l'acte de p5s] ce cont5u1 la consci5ce que j'en ai1 que sont-ils8 ,sont-ce au fond autre *ose que des manires rtrospectives de nomm] le cont5u lui-mme1 lorsqu'on l'aura sp> de t\s ces int]mdiaires physiques1 et reli un n\veau gr\pe d'associs qui le font r5tr] dans ma vie m5tale1 les motions p> exemple qu'il a veilles en moi1 l'att5tion que j'y porte1 mes ides de t\t l'heure qui l'ont suscit comme s\v5ir8 ,ce n'e/ qu'en se rapportant ces d]ni]s associs que le phnomne arrive tre class comme p5se2 tant qu'il ne se rapporte qu'aux premi]s il demeure phnomne objectif4 ,il e/ vrai que n\s opposons habituellem5t nos images intrieures aux objets1 et que n\s les considrons comme de petites copies1 comme des calques ou d\bles1 affaiblis1 de ces d]ni]s4 ,c'e/ qu'un objet prs5t a une vivacit et une nettet suprieures celles de l'image4 ,il lui fait a9si contra/e2 et p\r me s]vir de l'excell5t mot de ,ta9e1 il lui s]t de rducteur4 ,qu& les deux sont prs5ts ensemble1 l'objet pr5d le premi] plan et l'image recule1 devi5t une *ose abs5te4 ,mais cet objet prs5t1 qu'e/-il en lui-mme8 ,de quelle t(fe e/-il fait8 ,de la mme t(fe que l'image4 ,il e/ fait de s5sations2 il e/ *ose p]ue4 ,son esse e/ p]cipi1 et lui et l'image sont gnriquem5t homognes4 ,si je p5se en ce mom5t mon *apeau que j'ai laiss t\t l'heure au ve/iaire1 o e/ le dualisme1 le discont9u1 entre le *apeau p5s et le *apeau rel8 ,c'e/ d'un vrai *apeau abs5t que mon esprit s'occupe4 ,j'en ti5s compte pratiquem5t comme d'une ralit4 ,s'il tait prs5t sur cette table1 le *apeau dt]m9]ait un m\vem5t de ma ma93 je l'enlv]ais4 ,de mme ce *apeau conu1 ce *apeau en ide1 dt]m9]a tantt la direction de mes pas4 ,j'irai le pr5dre4 ,l'ide que j'en ai se cont9u]a jusqu' la prs5ce s5sible du *apeau1 et s'y fondra h>monieusem5t4 ,je conclus donc que1--bi5 qu'il y ait un dualisme pratique--puisque les images se di/+u5t des objets1 en ti5n5t lieu1 et n\s y mn5t1 il n'y a pas lieu de leur attribu] une diffr5ce de nature ess5tielle4 ,p5se et actualit sont faites d'une seule et mme t(fe1 qui e/ l't(fe de l'expri5ce en gnral4 ,la psy*ologie de la p]ception extrieure n\s mne la mme conclusion4 ,qu& j'ap]ois l'objet devant moi comme une table de telle =me1 telle di/ance1 on m'explique que ce fait e/ d deux facteurs1 une matire de s5sation qui me pntre p> la voie des yeux et qui donne l'lm5t d'extriorit relle1 et des ides qui se rveill5t1 vont la r5contre de cette ralit1 la class5t et l'int]prt5t4 ,mais qui peut faire la "p1 dans la table concrtem5t ap]ue1 de ce qui e/ s5sation et de ce qui e/ ide8 ,l'ext]ne et l'int]ne1 l't5du et l'9t5du1 se fusionn5t et font un m>iage indissoluble4 ,cela rappelle ces panoramas circulaires1 o des objets rels1 ro*]s1 h]be1 *>iots briss1 etc41 qui occup5t l'avant-plan1 sont si +nieusem5t relis la toile qui fait le fond1 et qui reprs5te une bataille ou un va/e paysage1 que l'on ne sait plus di/+u] ce qui e/ objet de ce qui e/ pe9ture4 ,les c\tures et les jo9ts sont imp]ceptibles4 ,cela p\rrait-il adv5ir si l'objet et l'ide tai5t absolum5t dissemblables de nature8 99 99 99 99 99 ,je suis conva9cu que des considrations p>eilles celles que je vi5s d'exprim] auront dj suscit1 *ez v\s aussi1 des d\tes au sujet du dualisme prt5du4 ,et d'autres raisons de d\t] surgiss5t encore4 ,il y a t\te une sphre d'adjectifs et d'attributs qui ne sont ni objectifs1 ni subjectifs d'une manire exclusive1 mais que n\s employons tantt d'une manire et tantt d'une autre1 comme si n\s n\s complaisions dans leur ambigut4 ,je p>le des qualits que n\s apprcions1 p\r a9si dire1 dans les *oses1 leur ct e/htique1 moral1 leur valeur p\r n\s4 ,la beaut1 p> exemple1 o rside-t-elle8 ,e/-elle dans la /atue1 dans la sonate1 ou dans notre esprit8 ,mon collgue ,h>v>d1 ,george ,santayana1 a crit un livre d'e/htique1#aag o il appelle la beaut le plaisir objectifi2 et en vrit1 c'e/ bi5 ici qu'on p\rrait p>l] de projection au dehors4 ,on dit indiffremm5t une *aleur agrable1 ou une s5sation agrable de *aleur4 ,la r>et1 le prcieux du diamant n\s en p>aiss5t des qualits ess5tielles4 ,n\s p>lons d'un orage affreux1 d'un homme hassable1 d'une action indigne1 et n\s croyons p>l] objectivem5t1 bi5 que ces t]mes n'exprim5t que des rapports notre s5sibilit motive propre4 ,n\s disons mme un *em9 pnible1 un ciel tri/e1 un c\*] de soleil sup]be4 ,t\te cette manire animi/e de reg>d] les *oses qui p>at avoir t la faon primitive de p5s] des hommes1 peut trs bi5 s'expliqu] 7et ,m4 ,santayana1 dans un autre livre t\t rc5t1#aah l'a bi5 explique a9si7 p> l'habitude d'attribu] l'objet t\t ce que n\s ress5tons en sa prs5ce4 ,le p>tage du subjectif et de l'objectif e/ le fait d'une rflexion trs avance1 que n\s aimons encore aj\rn] dans beauc\p d'endroits4 ,qu& les beso9s pratiques ne n\s en tir5t pas =cm5t1 il semble que n\s aimons n\s b]c] dans le vague4 ,les qualits secondes elles-mmes1 *aleur1 son1 lumire1 n'ont encore auj\rd'hui qu'une attribution vague4 ,p\r le s5s commun1 p\r la vie pratique1 elles sont absolum5t objectives1 physiques4 ,p\r le physici51 elles sont subjectives4 ,p\r lui1 il n'y a que la =me1 la masse1 le m\vem5t1 qui ai5t une ralit extrieure4 ,p\r le philosophe idali/e1 au contraire1 =me et m\vem5t sont t\t aussi subjectifs que lumire et *aleur1 et il n'y a que la *ose-en-soi inconnue1 le n\mne1 qui j\isse d'une ralit extram5tale complte4 ,nos s5sations intimes cons]v5t encore de cette ambigut4 ,il y a des illusions de m\vem5t qui pr\v5t que nos premires s5sations de m\vem5t tai5t gnralises4 ,c'e/ le monde enti]1 avec n\s1 qui se m\vait4 ,ma9t5ant n\s di/+uons notre propre m\vem5t de celui des objets qui n\s ent\r5t1 et p>mi les objets n\s en di/+uons qui demeur5t en repos4 ,mais il e/ des tats de v]tige o n\s retombons encore auj\rd'hui dans l'indiffr5ciation premire4 ,v\s connaissez t\s sans d\te cette ?orie qui a v\lu faire des motions des sommes de s5sations viscrales et musculaires4 ,elle a donn lieu bi5 des controv]ses1 et aucune op9ion n'a encore conquis l'unanimit des suffrages4 ,v\s connaissez aussi les controv]ses sur la nature de l'activit m5tale4 ,les uns s\ti5n5t qu'elle e/ une =ce purem5t spirituelle que n\s sommes en tat d'ap]cevoir immdiatem5t comme telle4 ,les autres prt5d5t que ce que n\s nommons activit m5tale 7ef=t1 att5tion1 p> exemple7 n'e/ que le reflet s5ti de c]ta9s effets dont notre organisme e/ le sige1 t5sions musculaires au crne et au gosi]1 arrt ou passage de la respiration1 afflux de sang1 etc4 ,de quelque manire que se rsolv5t ces controv]ses1 leur exi/5ce pr\ve bi5 clairem5t une *ose1 c'e/ qu'il e/ trs difficile1 ou mme absolum5t impossible de savoir1 p> la seule inspection intime de c]ta9s phnomnes1 s'ils sont de nature physique1 occupant de l't5due1 etc41 ou s'ils sont de nature purem5t psy*ique et intrieure4 ,il n\s faut t\j\rs tr\v] des raisons p\r appuy] notre avis2 il n\s faut *]*] la classification la plus probable du phnomne2 et en f9 de compte il p\rrait bi5 se tr\v] que t\tes nos classifications usuelles euss5t eu leurs motifs plutt dans les beso9s de la pratique que dans quelque facult que n\s aurions d'ap]cevoir deux ess5ces ultimes et div]ses qui compos]ai5t ensemble la trame des *oses4 ,le corps de *acun de n\s (fre un contra/e pratique presque viol5t t\t le re/e du milieu ambiant4 ,t\t ce qui arrive au d$ans de ce corps n\s e/ plus intime et important que ce qui arrive ailleurs4 ,il s'id5tifie avec notre moi1 il se classe avec lui4 ,ame1 vie1 s\ffle1 qui saurait bi5 les di/+u] exactem5t8 ,mme nos images et nos s\v5irs1 qui n'agiss5t sur le monde physique que p> le moy5 de notre corps1 sembl5t app>t5ir ce d]ni]4 ,n\s les traitons comme int]nes1 n\s les classons avec nos s5tim5ts affectifs4 ,il faut bi5 av\]1 en somme1 que la "q du dualisme de la p5se et de la matire e/ bi5 lo9 d'tre f9alem5t rsolue4 ,et voil t]m9e la premire p>tie de mon disc\rs4 ,j'ai v\lu v\s pntr]1 ,mesdames et ,messieurs1 de mes d\tes et de la ralit1 aussi bi5 que de l'importance1 du problme4 ,quant moi1 aprs de longues annes d'hsitation1 j'ai f9i p> pr5dre mon p>ti c>rm5t4 ,je crois que la consci5ce1 telle qu'on se la reprs5te communm5t1 soit comme entit1 soit comme activit pure1 mais en t\t cas comme fluide1 9t5due1 diaphane1 vide de t\t cont5u propre1 mais se connaissant directem5t elle-mme1 spirituelle enf91 je crois1 dis-je1 que cette consci5ce e/ une pure *imre1 et que la somme de ralits concrtes que le mot consci5ce devrait c\vrir1 mrite une t\te autre description1 description1 du re/e1 qu'une philosophie att5tive aux faits et sa*ant faire un peu d'analyse1 s]ait dsormais en tat de f\rnir ou plutt de comm5c] f\rnir4 ,et ces mots m'amn5t la seconde p>tie de mon disc\rs4 ,elle s]a beauc\p plus c\rte que la premire1 p>ce que si je la dveloppais sur la mme *elle1 elle s]ait beauc\p trop longue4 ,il faut1 p> consqu5t1 que je me re/reigne aux seules indications indisp5sables4 99 99 99 99 99 ,admettons que la consci5ce1 la ,bewus/heit1 conue comme ess5ce1 entit1 activit1 moiti irrductible de *aque expri5ce1 soit supprime1 que le dualisme fondam5tal et p\r a9si dire ontologique soit aboli et que ce que n\s supposions exi/] soit seulem5t ce qu'on a appel jusqu'ici le cont5u1 le ,inhalt1 de la consci5ce2 comm5t la philosophie va-t-elle se tir] d'affaire avec l'espce de monisme vague qui en rsult]a8 ,je vais t*] de v\s ins9u] quelques sugge/ions positives l-dessus1 bi5 que je craigne que1 faute du dveloppem5t ncessaire1 mes ides ne rp&ront pas une cl>t trs gr&e4 ,p\rvu que j'indique un comm5cem5t de s5ti]1 ce s]a peut-tre assez4 ,au fond1 p\rquoi n\s accro*ons-n\s d'une manire si t5ace cette ide d'une consci5ce suraj\te l'exi/5ce du cont5u des *oses8 ,p\rquoi la rclamons-n\s si =tem5t1 que celui qui la ni]ait n\s sembl]ait plutt un mauvais plaisant qu'un p5seur8 ,n'e/-ce pas p\r sauv] ce fait indniable que le cont5u de l'expri5ce n'a pas seulem5t une exi/5ce propre et comme imman5te et intr9sque1 mais que *aque p>tie de ce cont5u dte9t p\r a9si dire sur ses vois9es1 r5d compte d'elle-mme d'autres1 sort en quelque sorte de soi p\r tre sue et qu'a9si t\t le *amp de l'expri5ce se tr\ve tre transp>5t de "p en "p1 ou con/itu comme un espace qui s]ait rempli de miroirs8 ,cette bilatralit des p>ties de l'expri5ce1-- savoir d'une "p1 qu'elles sont avec des qualits propres2 d'autre "p1 qu'elles sont rapportes d'autres p>ties et sues--l'op9ion rgnante la con/ate et l'explique p> un dualisme fondam5tal de con/itution app>t5ant *aque morceau d'expri5ce en propre4 ,dans cette feuille de papi] il n'y a pas seulem5t1 dit-on1 le cont5u1 blan*eur1 m9ceur1 etc41 mais il y a ce second fait de la consci5ce de cette blan*eur et de cette m9ceur4 ,cette fonction d'tre rapport1 de faire p>tie de la trame entire d'une expri5ce plus comprh5sive1 on l'rige en fait ontologique1 et on loge ce fait dans l'intrieur mme du papi]1 en l'acc\plant sa blan*eur et sa m9ceur4 ,ce n'e/ pas un rapport extr9sque qu'on suppose1 c'e/ une moiti du phnomne mme4 ,je crois qu'en somme on se reprs5te la ralit comme con/itue de la faon dont sont faites les c\leurs qui n\s s]v5t la pe9ture4 ,il y a d'abord des matires colorantes qui rpond5t au cont5u1 et il y a un vhicule1 huile ou colle1 qui les ti5t en susp5sion et qui rpond la consci5ce4 ,c'e/ un dualisme complet1 o1 en employant c]ta9s procds1 on peut sp>] *aque lm5t de l'autre p> voie de s\/raction4 ,c'e/ a9si qu'on n\s assure qu'en faisant un gr& ef=t d'ab/raction introspective1 n\s p\vons saisir notre consci5ce sur le vif1 comme une activit spirituelle pure1 en ngligeant peu prs compltem5t les matires qu' un mom5t donn elle claire4 ,ma9t5ant je v\s dem&e si on ne p\rrait pas t\t aussi bi5 r5v]s] absolum5t cette manire de voir4 ,supposons1 en effet1 que la ralit premire soit de nature neutre1 et appelons-la p> quelque nom encore ambigu1 comme phnomne1 donn1 ,vorf9dung4 ,moi-mme j'en p>le volonti]s au pluriel1 et je lui donne le nom d'expri5ces pures4 ,ce s]a un monisme1 si v\s v\lez1 mais un monisme t\t fait rudim5taire et absolum5t oppos au soi-disant monisme bilatral du positivisme sci5tifique ou sp9ozi/e4 ,ces expri5ces pures exi/5t et se succd5t1 entr5t dans des rapports inf9im5t v>is les unes avec les autres1 rapports qui sont eux-mmes des p>ties ess5tielles de la trame des expri5ces4 ,il y a ,consci5ce de ces rapports au mme titre qu'il y a ,consci5ce de leurs t]mes4 ,il en rsulte que des gr\pes d'expri5ces se font rem>qu] et di/+u]1 et qu'une seule et mme expri5ce1 vu la gr&e v>it de ses rapports1 peut j\] un rle dans plusieurs gr\pes la fois4 ,c'e/ a9si que dans un c]ta9 contexte de vois9s1 elle s]ait classe comme un phnomne physique1 t&is que dans un autre ent\rage elle figur]ait comme un fait de consci5ce1 peu prs comme une mme p>ticule d'encre peut app>t5ir simultanm5t deux lignes1 l'une v]ticale1 l'autre horizontale1 p\rvu qu'elle soit situe leur int]section4 ,pr5ons1 p\r fix] nos ides1 l'expri5ce que n\s avons ce mom5t du local o n\s sommes1 de ces murailles1 de cette table1 de ces *aises1 de cet espace4 ,dans cette expri5ce ple9e1 concrte et indivise1 telle qu'elle e/ l1 donne1 le monde physique objectif et le monde intrieur et p]sonnel de *acun de n\s se r5contr5t et se fusionn5t comme des lignes se fusionn5t leur int]section4 ,comme *ose physique1 cette salle a des rapports avec t\t le re/e du btim5t1 btim5t que n\s autres n\s ne connaissons et ne connatrons pas4 ,elle doit son exi/5ce t\te une hi/oire de f9anci]s1 d'ar*itectes1 d'ouvri]s4 ,elle pse sur le sol2 elle dur]a indf9im5t dans le temps2 si le feu y clatait1 les *aises et la table qu'elle conti5t s]ai5t vite rduites en c5dres4 ,comme expri5ce p]sonnelle1 au contraire1 comme *ose rapporte1 connue1 consci5te1 cette salle a de t\t autres t5ants et ab\tissants4 ,ses antcd5ts ne sont pas des ouvri]s1 ce sont nos p5ses respectives de t\t l'heure4 ,bi5tt elle ne figur]a que comme un fait fugitif dans nos biographies1 associ d'agrables s\v5irs4 ,comme expri5ce psy*ique1 elle n'a aucun poids1 son ameublem5t n'e/ pas combu/ible4 ,elle n'ex]ce de =ce physique que sur nos seuls c]veaux1 et beauc\p d'entre n\s ni5t encore cette influ5ce2 t&is que la salle physique e/ en rapport d'influ5ce physique avec t\t le re/e du monde4 ,et p\rtant c'e/ de la mme salle absolum5t qu'il s'agit dans les deux cas4 ,tant que n\s ne faisons pas de physique spculative1 tant que n\s n\s plaons dans le s5s commun1 c'e/ la salle vue et s5tie qui e/ bi5 la salle physique4 ,de quoi p>lons-n\s donc si ce n'e/ de cela1 de cette mme p>tie de la nature matrielle que t\s nos esprits1 ce mme mom5t1 embrass5t1 qui entre telle quelle dans l'expri5ce actuelle et intime de *acun de n\s1 et que notre s\v5ir reg>d]a t\j\rs comme une p>tie intgrante de notre hi/oire4 ,c'e/ absolum5t une mme t(fe qui figure simultanm5t1 selon le contexte que l'on considre1 comme fait matriel et physique1 ou comme fait de consci5ce intime4 ,je crois donc qu'on ne saurait trait] consci5ce et matire comme tant d'ess5ce disp>ate4 ,on n'obti5t ni l'une ni l'autre p> s\/raction1 en ngligeant *aque fois l'autre moiti d'une expri5ce de composition d\ble4 ,les expri5ces sont au contraire primitivem5t de nature plutt simple4 ,elles devi5n5t consci5tes dans leur enti]1 elles devi5n5t physiques dans leur enti]2 et c'e/ p> voie d'addition que ce rsultat se ralise4 ,p\r autant que des expri5ces se prolong5t dans le temps1 entr5t dans des rapports d'influ5ce physique1 se brisant1 se *auffant1 s'clairant1 etc41 mutuellem5t1 n\s en faisons un gr\pe "p que n\s appelons le monde physique4 ,p\r autant1 au contraire1 qu'elles sont fugitives1 in]tes physiquem5t1 que leur succession ne suit pas d'ordre dt]m91 mais semble plutt obir des caprices motifs1 n\s en faisons un autre gr\pe que n\s appelons le monde psy*ique4 ,c'e/ en entrant prs5t dans un gr& nombre de ces gr\pes psy*iques que cette salle devi5t ma9t5ant *ose consci5te1 *ose rapporte1 *ose sue4 ,en faisant dsormais p>tie de nos biographies respectives1 elle ne s]a pas suivie de cette sotte et monotone rptition d'elle-mme dans le temps qui c>actrise son exi/5ce physique4 ,elle s]a suivie1 au contraire1 p> d'autres expri5ces qui s]ont discont9ues avec elle1 ou qui auront ce g5re t\t p>ticuli] de cont9uit que n\s appelons s\v5ir4 ,dema91 elle aura eu sa place dans *acun de nos passs2 mais les prs5ts div]s auxquels t\s ces passs s]ont lis dema9 s]ont bi5 diffr5ts du prs5t dont cette salle j\ira dema9 comme entit physique4 ,les deux g5res de gr\pes sont =ms d'expri5ces1 mais les rapports des expri5ces entre elles diffr5t d'un gr\pe l'autre4 ,c'e/ donc p> addition d'autres phnomnes qu'un phnomne donn devi5t consci5t ou connu1 ce n'e/ pas p> un dd\blem5t d'ess5ce intrieure4 ,la connaissance des *oses leur survi5t1 elle ne leur e/ pas imman5te4 ,ce n'e/ le fait ni d'un moi transc5d5tal1 ni d'une ,bewus/heit ou acte de consci5ce qui les anim]ait *acune4 ,elles se connaiss5t l'une l'autre1 ou plutt il y en a qui connaiss5t les autres2 et le rapport que n\s nommons connaissance n'e/ lui-mme1 dans beauc\p de cas1 qu'une suite d'expri5ces int]mdiaires p>faitem5t susceptibles d'tre dcrites en t]mes concrets4 ,il n'e/ nullem5t le my/re transc5dant o se sont complus tant de philosophes4 ,mais ceci n\s mn]ait beauc\p trop lo94 ,je ne puis entr] ici dans t\s les replis de la ?orie de la connaissance1 ou de ce que1 v\s autres ,itali5s1 v\s appelez la gnosologie4 ,je dois me cont5t] de ces rem>ques c\rtes1 ou simples sugge/ions1 qui sont1 je le cra9s1 encore bi5 obscures faute des dveloppem5ts ncessaires4 ,p]mettez donc que je me rsume--trop sommairem5t1 et en /yle dogmatique--dans les six ?ses suivantes3 99 99 99 99 99 #ao ,la ,consci5ce1 telle qu'on l'ent5d ord9airem5t1 n'exi/e pas1 pas plus que la ,matire1 laquelle ,b]keley a donn le c\p de grce2 #bo ,ce qui exi/e et =me la "p de vrit que le mot de ,consci5ce rec\vre1 c'e/ la susceptibilit que possd5t les p>ties de l'expri5ce d'tre rapportes ou connues2 #co ,cette susceptibilit s'explique p> le fait que c]ta9es expri5ces peuv5t m5] les unes aux autres p> des expri5ces int]mdiaires nettem5t c>actrises1 de telle sorte que les unes se tr\v5t j\] le rle de *oses connues1 les autres celui de sujets connaissants2 #do ,on peut p>faitem5t df9ir ces deux rles sans sortir de la trame de l'expri5ce mme1 et sans invoqu] ri5 de transc5dant2 #eo ,les attributions sujet et objet1 reprs5t et reprs5tatif1 *ose et p5se1 signifi5t donc une di/9ction pratique qui e/ de la d]nire importance1 mais qui e/ d'ordre ,,fonctionnel seulem5t1 et nullem5t ontologique comme le dualisme classique se la reprs5te2 #fo ,en f9 de compte1 les *oses et les p5ses ne sont po9t foncirem5t htrognes1 mais elles sont faites d'une mme t(fe1 t(fe qu'on ne peut df9ir comme telle1 mais seulem5t pr\v]1 et que l'on peut nomm]1 si on veut1 l't(fe de l'expri5ce en gnral4 ,,footnotes3 #aaf ,a communication made 79 ,fr5*7 at ! ,fif? ,int]national ,congress ( ,psy*ology1 9 ,rome1 ,april #cj1 #aije4 ,x is repr9t$ f ! ,ar*ives de ,psy*ologie1 vol4 ,v1 ,no4 #ag1 ,june1 #aije4 ,cette communication e/ le rsum1 =cm5t trs cond5s1 de vues que l'auteur a exposes1 au c\rs de ces d]ni]s mois1 en une srie d'articles publis dans le ,j\rnal ( ,philosophy1 ,psy*ology & ,sci5tific ,me?ods1 #aijd et #aije4 ,! s]ies ( articles ref]r$ to is repr9t$ above4 ,,ed4 #aag ,! ,s5se ( ,beauty1 pp4 #dd ff4 #aah ,! ,life ( ,reason vol4 ,i1 ,reason 9 ,common ,s5se1 p4 #adb4 ,,ix ,,is ,,radical ,,empiricism ,,solipsi/ic8#aai ,if all ! criticisms :i* ! humani/ic ,weltans*auung is receiv+ 7 z sa*gemss z ,mr4 ,bode's1#abj ! tru? ( ! matt] w\ld m rapidly cle> up4 ,n only is x excell5tly well writt51 b x br+s its own po9t ( view out cle>ly1 & admits ( a p]fectly /raight reply4 ,! argum5t 7unless ,i fail to cat* x7 c be express$ z foll[s3 ,if a s]ies ( exp]i5ces be suppos$1 no "o ( :i* is end[$ imm$iately ) ! self-transc5d5t function ( ref]5ce to a reality beyond itself1 no motive w occur )9 ! s]ies = suppos+ any?+ beyond x to exi/4 ,x w rema9 subjective1 & cont5t$ly subjective1 bo? z a :ole & 9 its sev]al p>ts4 ,radical empiricism1 try+1 z x does1 to acc\nt = objective k by means ( su* a s]ies1 egregi\sly fails4 ,x c n expla9 h[ ! notion ( a physical ord]1 z di/+ui%$ f a subjectively biographical ord]1 ( exp]i5ces1 ev] arose4 ,x pret5ds to expla9 ! notion ( a physical ord]1 b does s by play+ fa/ & loose ) ! concept ( objective ref]5ce4 ,on ! "o h&1 x d5ies t su* ref]5ce implies self-transc5d5cy on ! "p ( any "o exp]i5ce2 on ! o!r h&1 x claims t exp]i5ces po9t4 ,b1 critically consid]$1 !re c be no po9t+ unless self-transc5d5cy be also all[$4 ,! conjunctive function ( po9t+1 z ,i h assum$ x1 is1 accord+ to my critic1 vitiat$ by ! fallacy ( atta*+ a bilat]al relation to a t]m a quo1 z if x c\ld /ick out sub/antively & ma9ta9 itself 9 exi/5ce 9 advance ( ! t]m ad quem :i* is equally requir$ = x to be a concretely exp]i5c$ fact4 ,if ! relation be made concrete1 ! t]m ad quem is involv$1 :i* w\ld mean 7if ,i succe$ 9 appreh5d+ ,mr4 ,bode rightly7 t ?is latt] t]m1 al?\gh n empirically !re1 is yet noetically !re1 9 advance--9 o!r words x w\ld mean t any exp]i5ce t 'po9ts' mu/ already h transc5d$ itself1 9 ! ord9>y 'epi/emological' s5se ( ! ^w transc5d4 ,some?+ l ?is1 if ,i und]/& ,mr4 ,bode's text1 is ! up%ot ( 8 /ate ( m9d4 ,x is a reasonable s\nd+ /ate ( m9d1 b x is exactly ! /ate ( m9d :i* radical empiricism1 by its doctr9e ( ! reality ( conjunctive relations1 seeks to dispel4 ,i v mu* fe>--s difficult does mutual und]/&+ seem 9 ^! exalt$ regions--t my able critic has fail$ to und]/& t doctr9e z x is meant to be und]/ood4 ,i suspect t he p]=ms on all ^! conjunctive relations 7( :i* ! a=esaid 'po9t+' is only "o7 ! usual rationali/ic act ( sub/itution--he takes !m n z !y are giv5 9 _! fir/ int5tion1 z p>ts con/itutive ( exp]i5ce's liv+ fl[1 b only z !y appe> 9 retrospect1 ea* fix$ z a det]m9ate object ( conception1 /atic1 !re=e1 & conta9$ )9 itself4 ,aga9/ ?is rationali/ic t5d5cy to treat exp]i5ce z *opp$ up into discont9u\s /atic objects1 radical empiricism prote/s4 ,x insi/s on tak+ conjunctions at _! 'face-value1' j z !y come4 ,consid]1 = example1 su* conjunctions z '&1' ')1' 'ne>1' 'plus1' 't[>ds4' ,:ile we live 9 su* conjunctions our /ate is "o ( transition 9 ! mo/ lit]al s5se4 ,we are expectant ( a 'm' to come1 & be=e ! m has come1 ! transition1 nev]!less1 is direct$ t[>ds x4 ,i fail o!rwise to see h[1 if "o k9d ( m comes1 !re %\ld be satisfaction & feel+ ( fulfilm5t2 b disappo9tm5t if ! m comes 9 ano!r %ape4 ,"o m w cont9ue1 ano!r m w arre/ or deflect ! direction1 9 :i* our exp]i5ce is mov+ ev5 n[4 ,we c n1 x is true1 "n our diff]5t liv+ '&s' or ')s' except by nam+ ! diff]5t t]ms t[>ds :i* !y are mov+ u1 b we live _! specifications & diff]5ces be=e ^? t]ms explicitly arrive4 ,?us1 ?\gh ! v>i\s '&s' are all bilat]al relations1 ea* requir+ a t]m ad quem to def9e x :5 view$ 9 retrospect & articulately conceiv$1 yet 9 its liv+ mom5t any "o ( !m may be treat$ z if x '/uck out' f its t]m a quo & po9t$ 9 a special direction1 mu* z a compass-ne$le 7to use ,mr4 ,bode's excell5t simile7 po9ts at ! pole1 ev5 ?\gh x /irs n f its box4 ,9 ,pr(essor ,hffd+'s massive little article 9 ,! ,j\rnal ( ,philosophy1 ,psy*ology & ,sci5tific ,me?ods1#aba he quotes a say+ ( ,ki]kega>d's to ! effect t we live =w>ds1 b we und]/& backw>ds4 ,und]/&+ backw>ds is1 x mu/ be confess$1 a v frequ5t weakness ( philosoph]s1 bo? ( ! rationali/ic & ( ! ord9>y empirici/ type4 ,radical empiricism alone insi/s on und]/&+ =w>ds also1 & refuses to sub/itute /atic concepts ( ! und]/&+ = transitions 9 our mov+ life4 ,a logic simil> to t :i* my critic seems to employ "h %\ld1 x seems to me1 =bid him to say t our pres5t is1 :ile pres5t1 direct$ t[>ds our future1 or t any physical movem5t c h direction until its goal is actually rea*$4 ,at ?is po9t does x n seem z if ! qu>rel ab\t self-transc5d5cy 9 k might drop8 ,is x n a purely v]bal dispute8 ,call x self-transc5d5cy or call x po9t+1 :i*ev] y l--x makes no diff]5ce s long z real transitions t[>ds real goals are admitt$ z ?+s giv5 9 exp]i5ce1 & among exp]i5ce's mo/ indefeasible p>ts4 ,radical empiricism1 unable to close its eyes to ! transitions caught 9 actu1 acc\nts = ! self-transc5d5cy or ! po9t+ 7:i*ev] y may call x7 z a process t occurs )9 exp]i5ce1 z an empirically m$iat$ ?+ ( :i* a p]fectly def9ite description c be giv54 ',epi/emology1' on ! o!r h&1 d5ies ?is2 & pret5ds t ! self-transc5d5cy is unm$iat$ or1 if m$iat$1 !n m$iat$ 9 a sup]-empirical _w4 ,to ju/ify ?is pret5sion1 epi/emology has fir/ to trans=m all our conjunctions into /atic objects1 & ?is1 ,i submit1 is an absolutely arbitr>y act4 ,b 9 spite ( ,mr4 ,bode's mal-treatm5t ( conjunctions1 z ,i und]/& !m--& z ,i und]/& him--,i believe t at bottom we are fight+ = no?+ diff]5t1 b are bo? def5d+ ! same cont9uities ( exp]i5ce 9 diff]5t =ms ( words4 ,!re are o!r criticisms 9 ! article 9 "q1 b1 z ?is seems ! mo/ vital "o1 ,i w = ! pres5t1 at any rate1 leave !m unt\*$4 ,,footnotes3 #aai ,repr9t$ f ,! ,j\rnal ( ,philosophy1 ,psy*ology & ,sci5tific ,me?ods1 vol4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #i1 ,april #bg1 #aije4 #abj ,b4 ,h4 ,bode3 ',pure ,exp]i5ce' & ! ,ext]nal ,_w1 ,j\rnal ( ,philosophy1 ,psy*ology & ,sci5tific ,me?ods1 vol4 ,,ii1 #aije1 p4 #abh4 #aba ,vol4 ,,ii1 #aije1 pp4 #he-ib4 ,x ,,mr4 ,,pitk9',s ,,refutation ,,( ',,radical ,,empiricism'#abb ,al?\gh ,mr4 ,pitk9 does n "n me 9 8 acute article on radical empiricism1#abc 444 ,i fe> t "s read]s1 kn[+ me to h appli$ t "n to my own doctr9e1 may possibly consid] !mselves to h be5 9 at my dea?4 ,9 po9t ( fact my )]s are entirely unwrung4 ,i h1 inde$1 said#abd t 'to be radical1 an empiricism mu/ n admit into its con/ructions any elem5t t is n directly exp]i5c$4' ,b 9 my own radical empiricism ?is is only a me?odological po/ulate1 n a conclusion suppos$ to fl[ f ! intr9sic absurdity ( transempirical objects4 ,i h nev] felt ! slighte/ respect = ! ideali/ic argum5ts :i* ,mr4 ,pitk9 attacks & ( :i* ,f]ri] made su* /rik+ use2 & ,i am p]fectly will+ to admit any numb] ( n\m5al be+s or ev5ts into philosophy if only _! pragmatic value c be %[n4 ,radical empiricism & pragmatism h s _m misund]/&+s to suff] f1 t x seems my duty n to let ?is "o g any f>!r1 uncorrect$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,pitk9's 'reply' to me1#abe 444 p]plexes me by ! obscurity ( /yle :i* ,i f9d 9 almo/ all our y\ng] philosoph]s4 ,he asks me1 h[ev]1 two direct que/ions :i* ,i und]/&1 s ,i take ! lib]ty ( answ]+4 ,fir/ he asks3 ,d n exp]i5ce & sci5ce %[ 't c\ntless ?+s are#abf exp]i5c$ z t :i* !y are n or are only p>tially8' ,i reply3 ,yes1 assur$ly1 z1 = example1 '?+s' di/ort$ by refractive m$ia1 'molecules1' or :atev] else is tak5 to be m ultimately real ?an ! imm$iate cont5t ( ! p]ceptive mom5t4 ,secondly3 ,if exp]i5ce is self-support+#abg 79 any intelligible s5se7 does ?is fact preclude ! possibility ( 7a7 some?+ n exp]i5c$ & 7b7 action ( exp]i5ce ^u a n\m5on8 ,my reply is3 ,assur$ly n ! possibility ( ei!r--h[ c\ld x8 ,yet 9 my op9ion we %\ld be wise n to consid] any ?+ or action ( t nature1 & to re/rict our univ]se ( philosophic disc\rse to :at is exp]i5c$ or1 at lea/1 exp]i5ceable4#abh ,,footnotes3 #abb ,repr9t$ f ! ,j\rnal ( ,philosophy1 ,psy*ology & ,sci5tific ,me?ods1 vol4 ,,iii1 ,no4 #bf1 ,decemb] #bj1 #aijf2 & ibid41 vol4 ,,iv1 ,no4 #d1 ,febru>y #ad1 #aijg1 :]e ! orig9al is entitl$ ,a ,reply to ,mr4 ,pitk94 ,,ed4 #abc ,w4 ,b4 ,pitk93 ,a ,problem ( ,evid5ce 9 ,radical ,empiricism1 ibid41 vol4 ,,iii1 ,no4 #bd1 ,novemb] #bb1 #aijf4 ,,ed4 #abd ,above1 p4 #db4 ,,ed4 #abe ,9 ,reply to ,pr(essor ,james1 ,j\rnal ( ,philosophy1 ,psy*ology & ,sci5tific ,me?ods1 vol4 ,,iv1 ,no4 #b1 ,janu>y #ag1 #aijg4 ,,ed4 #abf ,mr4 ,pitk9 ins]ts ! clause3 'by reason ( ! v nature ( exp]i5ce itself4' ,n und]/&+ j :at reason is meant1 ,i d n include ?is clause 9 my answ]4 #abg ,see above1 p4 #aic4 ,,ed4 #abh ,else:]e1 9 speak+ ( 'reality' z conceptual or p]ceptual exp]i5ces1 ! au?or says3 ,?is is meant m]ely to exclude reality ( an 'unkn[able' sort1 ( :i* no acc\nt 9 ei!r p]ceptual or conceptual t]ms c be giv54 ,x includes1 ( c\rse1 any am\nt ( empirical reality indep5d5t ( ! kn[]4 ,mean+ ( ,tru?1 p4 #ajj1 note4 ,,ed4 ,,xi ,,humanism ,,& ,,tru? ,,once ,,m4#abi ,mr4 ,joseph's criticism ( my article ',humanism & ,tru?'#acj is a useful contribution to ! g5]al cle>+ up4 ,he has s]i\sly tri$ to compreh5d :at ! pragmatic movem5t may intelligibly mean2 & if he has fail$1 x is ! fault nei!r ( 8 pati5ce nor ( 8 s9c]ity1 b r ( /ubborn tricks ( ?\ght :i* he c\ld n easily get rid (4 ,m9ute polemics1 9 :i* ! p>ties try to rebut e detail ( ea* ( ! o!r's *>ges1 are a useful ex]cise only to ! disputants4 ,!y c b bre$ confusion 9 a read]4 ,i w !re=e ignore z mu* z possible ! text ( bo? our articles 7m9e 0 inadequate en\gh7 & treat once m ! g5]al objective situation4 ,z ,i appreh5d ! movem5t t[>ds humanism1 x is bas$ on no p>ticul> discov]y or pr9ciple t c be driv5 into "o precise =mula :i* !reupon c be impal$ ^u a logical skew]4 ,x is mu* m l "o ( ^? secul> *anges t come ^u public op9ion ov]-night1 z x 71 borne ^u tides 'too full = s\nd or foam1' t survive all ! crudities & extravagances ( _! advocates1 t y c p9 to no "o absolutely ess5tial /atem5t1 nor kill by any "o decisive /ab4 ,su* h be5 ! *anges f ari/ocracy to democracy1 f classic to romantic ta/e1 f !i/ic to pan!i/ic feel+1 f /atic to evolution>y ways ( und]/&+ life--*anges ( :i* we all h be5 spectators4 ,s*ola/icism /ill opposes to su* *anges ! me?od ( confutation by s+le decisive reasons1 %[+ t ! new view involves self-contradiction1 or trav]ses "s fundam5tal pr9ciple4 ,?is is l /opp+ a riv] by plant+ a /ick 9 ! middle ( its b$4 ,r\nd y\r ob/acle fl[s ! wat] & 'gets !re all ! same4' ,9 read+ ,mr4 ,joseph1 ,i am n a little rem9d$ ( ^? ,ca?olic writ]s :o refute ,d>w9ism by tell+ u t high] species c n come f l[] because m9us nequit gign]e plus1 or t ! notion ( trans=mation is absurd1 = x implies t species t5d to _! own de/ruction1 & t w\ld violate ! pr9ciple t e reality t5ds to p]sev]e 9 its own %ape4 ,! po9t ( view is too myopic1 too tight & close to take 9 ! inductive argum5t4 ,y c n settle que/ions ( fact by =mal logic4 ,i feel z if ,mr4 ,joseph almo/ p\nc$ on my words s+ly1 )\t giv+ ! s5t5ces "t to get out ( my m\?4 ,! "o condition ( und]/&+ humanism is to become inductive-m9d$ oneself1 to drop rigor\s def9itions1 & foll[ l9es ( lea/ resi/ance 'on ! :ole4' ,9 o!r words1 ,mr4 ,joseph may probably say1 resolve y\r intellect into a k9d ( slu%4 ,ev5 s1 ,i make reply1--if y w cons5t to use no polit] ^w4 ,= humanism1 conceiv+ ! m 'true' z ! m 'satisfactory' 7,dewey's t]m7 has to r5\nce s9c]ely rectil9e> argum5ts & anci5t ideals ( rigor & f9ality4 ,x is 9 j ?is temp] ( r5unciation1 s diff]5t f t ( pyrrhoni/ic scepticism1 t ! _s ( humanism ess5tially consi/s4 ,satisfactor9ess has to be measur$ by a multitude ( /&>ds1 ( :i* "s1 = aught we "k1 may fail 9 any giv5 case2 & :at is 'm' satisfactory ?an any alt]native 9 sight1 may to ! end be a sum ( pluses & m9uses1 conc]n+ :i* we c only tru/ t by ult]ior corrections & improvem5ts a maximum ( ! "o & a m9imum ( ! o!r may "s day be approa*$4 ,x means a real *ange ( he>t1 a break ) absoluti/ic hopes1 :5 "o takes up ?is view ( ! conditions ( belief4 ,t humanism's critics h nev] imag9$ ?is attitude inw>dly1 is %[n by _! inv>iable tactics4 ,!y d n get into x f> en\gh to see objectively & f )\t :at _! own opposite notion ( tru? is4 ,mr4 ,joseph is possess$ by "s su* notion2 he ?9ks 8 read]s to be full ( x1 he obeys x1 works f x1 b nev] ev5 essays to tell u :at x is4 ,! ne>e/ he comes to do+ s is :]e#aca he says x is ! way we ought to ?9k1 :e!r we be psy*ologically compell$ to or n4 ,( c\rse humanism agrees to ?is3 x is only a mann] ( call+ tru? an ideal4 ,b humanism explicates ! summ>iz+ ^w 'ought' into a mass ( pragmatic motives f ! mid/ ( :i* our critics ?9k t tru? itself takes flight4 ,tru? is a "n ( d\ble mean+4 ,x /&s n[ = an ab/ract some?+ def9$ only z t to :i* our ?\ght ought to con=m2 & aga9 x /&s = ! concrete propositions )9 :i* we believe t con=mity already reigns--!y be+ s _m 'tru?s4' ,humanism sees t ! only con=mity we ev] h to deal ) concretely is t betwe5 our subjects & our pr$icates1 us+ ^! words 9 a v broad s5se4 ,x sees moreov] t ?is con=mity is 'validat$' 7to use ,mr4 ,s*ill]'s t]m7 by an indef9ite numb] ( pragmatic te/s t v>y z ! pr$icates & subjects v>y4 ,if an ,s gets sup]s$$ by an ,,sp t gives our m9d a complet] sum ( satisfactions1 we always say1 humanism po9ts out1 t we h advanc$ to a bett] position 9 reg>d to tru?4 ,n[ _m ( our judgm5ts ?us atta9$ are retrospective4 ,! ,s'es1 s ! judgm5t runs1 7 ,,sp's already ere ! fact 0 humanly record$4 ,common s5se1 /ruck by ?is /ate ( ?+s1 n[ re>ranges ! :ole field2 & traditional philosophy foll[s h] example4 ,! g5]al requirem5t t pr$icates mu/ con=m to _! subject1 !y translate into an ontological !ory4 ,a mo/ previ\s ,subject ( all is sub/itut$ = ! less] subjects & conceiv$ ( z an ar*etypal ,reality2 & ! con=mity requir$ ( pr$icates 9 detail is re9t]pret$ z a relation :i* our :ole m9d1 ) all its subjects & pr$icates toge!r1 mu/ get into ) respect to ?is ,reality4 ,x1 mean:ile1 is conceiv$ z et]nal1 /atic1 & unaffect$ by our ?9k+4 ,con=mity to a non-human ,ar*etype l ?is is probably ! notion ( tru? :i* my oppon5t %>es ) common s5se & philosophic rationalism4 ,:5 n[ ,humanism1 fully admitt+ bo? ! naturalness & ! gr&eur ( ?is hypo!sis1 nev]!less po9ts to its /]ility1 & decl9es to *ime 9 ) ! sub/itution1 keep+ to ! concrete & /ill lodg+ tru? betwe5 ! subjects & ! pr$icates 9 detail1 x provokes ! outcry :i* we he> & :i* my critic e*oes4 ,"o ( ! commone/ p>ts ( ! outcry is t humanism is subjectivi/ic altoge!r--x is suppos$ to labor "u a necessity ( 'd5y+ trans-p]ceptual reality4'#acb ,x is n h>d to see h[ ?is misconception ( humanism may h aris52 & humani/ic writ]s1 p>tly f n hav+ suffici5tly gu>d$ _! expressions1 & p>tly f n hav+ yet got r\nd 79 ! pov]ty ( _! lit]ature7 to a full discussion ( ! subject1 are d\btless 9 "s degree to blame4 ,b ,i fail to und]/& h[ any "o ) a work+ grasp ( _! pr9ciples c *>ge !m :olesale ) subjectivism4 ,i myself h nev] ?\ght ( humanism z be+ subjectivi/ic f>!r ?an to ?is ext5t1 t1 inasmu* z x treats ! ?9k] z be+ himself "o portion ( reality1 x mu/ also all[ t "s ( ! realities t he decl>es = true are creat$ by 8 be+ !re4 ,su* realities ( c\rse are ei!r acts ( 81 or relations betwe5 o!r ?+s & him1 or relations betwe5 ?+s1 :i*1 b = him1 w\ld nev] h be5 trac$4 ,humani/s are subjectivi/ic1 also 9 ?is1 t1 unlike rationali/s 7:o ?9k !y c>ry a w>rant = ! absolute tru? ( :at !y n[ believe 9 9 _! pres5t pocket71 !y hold all pres5t beliefs z subject to revision 9 ! light ( future exp]i5ce4 ,! future exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 may be ( ?+s outside ! ?9k]2 & t ?is is s ! humani/ may believe z freely z any o!r k9d ( empirici/ philosoph]4 ,! critics ( humanism 7?\gh "h ,i foll[ !m b d>kly7 appe> to object to any infusion :atev] ( subjectivism into tru?4 ,all mu/ be ar*etypal2 e tru? mu/ pre-exi/ to its p]ception4 ,humanism sees t an enorm\s quantity ( tru? mu/ be writt5 d[n z hav+ pre-exi/$ to its p]ception by u humans4 ,9 c\ntless in/ances we f9d x mo/ satisfactory to believe t1 ?\gh we 7 always ignorant ( ! fact1 x always 0 a fact t ,s 0 ,,sp4 ,b humanism sep>ates ?is class ( cases f ^? 9 :i* x is m satisfactory to believe ! opposite1 e4g41 t ,s is ephem]al1 or ,p a pass+ ev5t1 or ,,sp creat$ by ! p]ceiv+ act4 ,our critics seem on ! o!r h&1 to wi% to univ]salize ! retrospective type ( in/ance4 ,reality mu/ pre-exi/ to e ass]tion = :i* tru? is claim$4 ,&1 n cont5t ) ?is ov]use ( "o p>ticul> type ( judgm5t1 our critics claim its monopoly4 ,!y appe> to wi% to cut (f ,humanism f its rights to any retrospection at all4 ,humanism says t satisfactor9ess is :at di/+ui%es ! true f ! false4 ,b satisfactor9ess is bo? a subjective quality1 & a pres5t "o4 ,ergo 7! critics appe> to reason7 an object1 qu true1 mu/ always = humanism be bo? pres5t & subjective1 & a humani/'s belief c nev] be 9 any?+ t lives outside ( ! belief itself or ante-dates x4 ,:y s prepo/]\s a *>ge %\ld be s curr5t1 ,i f9d x h>d to say4 ,no?+ is m obvi\s ?an ! fact t bo? ! objective & ! pa/ exi/5ce ( ! object may be ! v ?+s ab\t x t mo/ seem satisfactory1 & t mo/ invite u to believe !m4 ,! pa/ t5se c figure 9 ! humani/'s _w1 z well ( belief z ( repres5tation1 q z h>moni\sly z 9 ! _w ( any "o else4 ,mr4 ,joseph gives a special turn to ?is accusation4 ,he *>ges me#acc ) be+ self-contradictory :5 ,i say t ! ma9 categories ( ?\ght 7 evolv$ 9 ! c\rse ( exp]i5ce itself4 ,= ,i use ^! v categories to def9e ! c\rse ( exp]i5ce by4 ,exp]i5ce1 z ,i talk ab\t x1 is a product ( _! use2 & yet ,i take x z true ant]iorly to !m4 ,?is seems to ,mr4 ,joseph to be an absurdity4 ,i hope x does n seem su* to 8 read]s2 = if exp]i5ces c sugge/ hypo!ses at all 7& !y notori\sly d s7 ,i c see no absurdity :atev] 9 ! notion ( a retrospective hypo!sis hav+ = its object ! v tra9 ( exp]i5ces by :i* its own be+1 along ) t ( o!r ?+s1 has be5 br\ght ab\t4 ,if ! hypo!sis is 'satisfactory' we mu/1 ( c\rse1 believe x to h be5 true ant]iorly to its =mulation by ourselves4 ,e explanation ( a pres5t by a pa/ seems to involve ?is k9d ( circle1 :i* is n a vici\s circle4 ,! pa/ is causa exi/5di ( ! pres5t1 :i* 9 turn is causa cognosc5di ( ! pa/4 ,if ! pres5t 7 treat$ z causa exi/5di ( ! pa/1 ! circle might inde$ be vici\s4 ,closely connect$ ) ?is pseudo-difficulty is ano!r "o ( wid] scope & great] complication--m excusable !re=e4#acd ,humanism1 namely1 ask+ h[ tru? 9 po9t ( fact is rea*$1 & see+ t x is by ev] sub/itut+ m satisfactory = less satisfactory op9ions1 is !reby l$ into a vague hi/oric sket* ( tru?'s developm5t4 ,! e>lie/ 'op9ions1' x ?9ks1 mu/ h be5 dim1 unconnect$ 'feel+s1' & only little by little did m & m ord]ly views ( ?+s replace !m4 ,our own retrospective view ( ?is :ole evolution is n[1 let u say1 ! late/ c&idate = 'tru?' z yet rea*$ 9 ! process4 ,to be a satisfactory c&idate1 x mu/ give "s def9ite sort ( a picture ( :at =ces keep ! process go+4 ,on ! subjective side we h a fairly def9ite picture--s5sation1 association1 int]e/1 hypo!sis1 ^! acc\nt 9 a g5]al way = ! gr[? into a cosmos ( ! relative *aos ) :i* ! m9d began4 ,b on ! side ( ! object1 s to call x r\ghly1 our view is mu* less satisfactory4 ,( :i* ( our _m objects are we to believe t x truly 0 !re & at "w be=e ! human m9d began8 ,"t1 space1 k9d1 numb]1 s]ial ord]1 cause1 consci\sness1 are h>d ?+s n to objectify--ev5 transc5d5tal idealism leaves !m /&+ z 'empirically real4' ,sub/ance1 matt]1 =ce1 fall d[n m easily be=e criticism1 & second>y qualities make almo/ no resi/ance at all4 ,nev]!less1 :5 we survey ! field ( speculation1 f ,s*ola/icism ?r\gh ,kantism to ,sp5c]ism1 we f9d an ev]-recurr+ t5d5cy to conv]t ! pre-human into a m]ely logical object1 an unkn[able d+-an-si*1 t b />ts ! process1 or a vague mat]ia prima t b receives our =ms4#ace ,! reasons = ?is are n s mu* logical z !y are mat]ial4 ,we c po/ulate an extra-m5tal t freely en\gh 7?\gh "s ideali/s h d5i$ u ! privilege71 b :5 we h done s1 ! :at ( x is h>d to det]m9e satisfactorily1 because ( ! oppositions & entanglem5ts ( ! v>i\sly propos$ :ats ) "o ano!r & ) ! hi/ory ( ! human m9d4 ,! lit]ature ( speculative cosmology be>s witness to ?is difficulty4 ,humanism suff]s f x no m ?an any o!r philosophy suff]s1 b x makes all our cosmogonic !ories s unsatisfactory t "s ?9k]s seek relief 9 ! d5ial ( any primal dualism4 ,absolute ,?\ght or 'pure exp]i5ce' is po/ulat$1 & end[$ ) attributes calculat$ to ju/ify ! belief t x may 'run itself4' ,bo? ^! tru?-claim+ hypo!ses are non-duali/ic 9 ! old m9d-&-matt] s5se2 b ! "o is moni/ic & ! o!r plurali/ic z to ! _w process itself4 ,"s humani/s are non-duali/s ( ?is sort--,i myself am "o und zw> ( ! plurali/ic br&4 ,b d\btless duali/ic humani/s also exi/1 z well z non-duali/ic ones ( ! moni/ic w+4 ,mr4 ,joseph p9s ^! g5]al philosophic difficulties on humanism alone1 or possibly on me alone4 ,my article spoke vaguely ( a 'mo/ *aotic pure exp]i5ce' com+ fir/1 & build+ up ! m9d4#acf ,b h[ c two /ructureless ?+s int]act s z to produce a /ructure8 my critic triumphantly asks4 ,( c\rse !y c't1 z purely s-nam$ entities4 ,we mu/ make additional hypo!ses4 ,we mu/ beg a m9imum ( /ructure = !m4 ,! k9d ( m9imum t might h t5d$ to increase t[>ds :at we n[ f9d actually develop$ is ! philosophical desid]atum "h4 ,! "q is t ( ! mo/ mat]ially satisfactory hypo!sis4 ,mr4 ,joseph h&les x by =mal logic purely1 z if he _h no acqua9tance ) ! logic ( hypo!sis at all4 ,mr4 ,joseph aga9 is mu* bewild]$ z to :at a humani/ c mean :5 he uses ! ^w k4 ,he tries to convict me#acg ( vaguely id5tify+ x ) any k9d ( good4 ,k is a difficult ?+ to def9e briefly1 & ,mr4 ,joseph %[s 8 own con/ructive h& "h ev5 less ?an 9 ! re/ ( 8 article4 ,i h myself put =? on sev]al occasions a radically pragmati/ acc\nt ( k1#ach ! exi/5ce ( :i* acc\nt my critic probably does n "k (--s p]haps ,i _h bett] n say any?+ ab\t k until he reads & attacks t4 ,i w say1 h[ev]1 t :atev] ! relation call$ kn[+ may itself prove to consi/ 91 ,i c ?9k ( no conceivable k9d ( object :i* may n become an object ( k on humani/ic pr9ciples z well z on ! pr9ciples ( any o!r philosophy4#aci ,i confess t ,i am pretty /eadily hamp]$ by ! habit1 on ! "p ( humanism's critics1 ( assum+ t !y h tru] ideas ?an m9e ( tru? & k1 ! nature ( :i* ,i mu/ "k ( & c n ne$ to h re-def9$4 ,i h consequ5tly to recon/ruct ^! ideas 9 ord] to c>ry on ! discussion 7,i h e4g4 _h to d s 9 "s p>ts ( ?is article7 & ,i !reby expose myself to *>ges ( c>icature4 ,9 "o "p ( ,mr4 ,joseph's attack1 h[ev]1 ,i rejoice t we are free f ?is emb>rassm5t4 ,x is an important po9t & cov]s probably a g5u9e difficulty1 s ,i take x up la/4 ,:51 foll[+ ,s*ill] & ,dewey1 ,i def9e ! true z t :i* gives ! maximal comb9ation ( satisfactions1 & say t satisfaction is a _m-dim5sional t]m t c be realiz$ 9 v>i\s ways1 ,mr4 ,joseph replies1 rightly en\gh1 t ! *ief satisfaction ( a rational creature mu/ always be 8 ?\ght t :at he believes is true1 :e!r ! tru? br+s him ! satisfaction ( collat]al pr(its or n4 ,?is w\ld seem1 h[ev]1 to make ( tru? ! prior concept1 & to relegate satisfaction to a second>y place4 ,aga91 if to be satisfactory is :at is meant by be+ true1 ^: satisfactions1 & :i* ( 8 satisfactions1 are to c\nt8 ,discrim9ations notori\sly h to be made2 & ! up%ot is t only rational c&idates & intellectual satisfactions /& ! te/4 ,we are !n driv5 to a purely !oretic notion ( tru?1 & get out ( ! pragmatic atmosph]e altoge!r4 ,& ) ?is ,mr4 ,joseph leaves u--tru? is tru?1 & !re is an end ( ! matt]4 ,b he makes a v pretty %[ ( convict+ me ( self-/ultification 9 accord+ to our purely !oretic satisfactions any place 9 ! humani/ic s*eme4 ,!y cr[d ! collat]al satisfactions out ( h\se & home1 he ?9ks1 & pragmatism has to g into bankruptcy if %e recognizes !m at all4 ,!re is no room = disagreem5t ab\t ! facts "h2 b ! de/ructive =ce ( ! reason+ disappe>s z soon z we talk concretely in/ead ( ab/ractly1 & ask1 9 our quality ( good pragmati/s1 j :at ! fam\s !oretic ne$s are kn[n z & 9 :at ! intellectual satisfactions consi/4 ,mr4 ,joseph1 fai?ful to ! habits ( 8 p>ty1 makes no attempt at *>act]iz+ !m1 b assumes t _! nature is self-evid5t to all4 ,are !y n all m]e matt]s ( consi/5cy--& emphatically n ( consi/5cy betwe5 an ,absolute ,reality & ! m9d's copies ( x1 b ( actually felt consi/5cy among judgm5ts1 objects1 & mann]s ( react+1 9 ! m9d8 ,& are n bo? our ne$ ( su* consi/5cy & our pleasure 9 x conceivable z outcomes ( ! natural fact t we are be+s t develop m5tal habits--habit itself prov+ adaptively b5eficial 9 an environm5t :]e ! same objects1 or ! same k9ds ( objects1 recur & foll[ 'law'8 ,if ?is 7 s1 :at w\ld h come fir/ w\ld h be5 ! collat]al pr(its ( habit1 & ! !oretic life w\ld h gr[n up 9 aid ( ^!4 ,9 po9t ( fact ?is seems to h be5 ! probable case4 ,at life's orig91 any pres5t p]ception may h be5 'true'--if su* a ^w c\ld !n be applicable4 ,lat]1 :5 reactions became organiz$1 ! reactions became 'true' :5ev] expectation 0 fulfill$ by !m4 ,o!rwise !y 7 'false' or 'mi/ak5' reactions4 ,b ! same class ( objects ne$s ! same k9d ( reaction1 s ! impulse to react consi/5tly mu/ gradually h be5 e/abli%$1 ) a disappo9tm5t felt :5ev] ! results fru/rat$ expectation4 ,"h is a p]fectly plausible g]m = all our high] consi/5cies4 ,n[adays1 if an object claims f u a reaction ( ! k9d habitually accord$ only to ! opposite class ( objects1 our m5tal ma*9]y refuses to run smoo?ly4 ,! situation is intellectually unsatisfactory4 ,to ga9 relief we seek ei!r to pres]ve ! reaction by re-int]pret+ ! object1 or1 leav+ ! object z x is1 we react 9 a way contr>y to ! way claim$ ( u4 ,nei!r solution is easy4 ,su* a situation might be t ( ,mr4 ,joseph1 ) me claim+ ass5t to humanism f him4 ,he c n app]ceive x s z to p]mit him to gratify my claim2 b !re is en\gh appeal 9 ! claim to induce him to write a :ole article 9 ju/ification ( 8 refusal4 ,if he %\ld ass5t to humanism1 on ! o!r h&1 t w\ld drag aft] x an unwelcome1 yea incr$ible1 alt]ation ( 8 previ\s m5tal beliefs4 ,:i*ev] alt]native he might adopt1 h[ev]1 a new equilibrium ( intellectual consi/5cy w\ld 9 ! end be rea*$4 ,he w\ld feel1 :i*ev] way he decid$1 t he 0 n[ ?9k+ truly4 ,b if1 ) 8 old habits unalt]$1 he %\ld simply add to !m ! new "o ( advocat+ humanism quietly or noisily1 8 m9d w\ld be r5t into two sy/ems1 ea* ( :i* w\ld accuse ! o!r ( falsehood4 ,! resultant situation1 be+ pr(\ndly unsatisfactory1 w\ld also be in/able4 ,!oretic tru? is ?us no relation betwe5 our m9d & ar*etypal reality4 ,x falls )9 ! m9d1 be+ ! accord ( "s ( its processes & objects ) o!r processes & objects--'accord' consi/+ "h 9 well-def9able relations4 ,s long z ! satisfaction ( feel+ su* an accord is d5i$ u1 :atev] collat]al pr(its may seem to inure f :at we believe 9 are b z du/ 9 ! balance--provid$ always t we are highly organiz$ intellectually1 :i* ! majority ( u are n4 ,! am\nt ( accord :i* satisfies mo/ m5 & wom5 is m]ely ! abs5ce ( viol5t cla% betwe5 _! usual ?\ghts & /atem5ts & ! limit$ sph]e ( s5se-p]ceptions 9 :i* _! lives are ca/4 ,! !oretic tru? t mo/ ( u ?9k we 'ought' to atta9 to is ?us ! possession ( a set ( pr$icates t d n contradict _! subjects4 ,we pres]ve x z (t5 z n by leav+ o!r pr$icates & subjects out4 ,9 "s m5 !ory is a passion1 j z music is 9 o!rs4 ,! =m ( inn] consi/5cy is pursu$ f> beyond ! l9e at :i* collat]al pr(its /op4 ,su* m5 sy/ematize & classify & s*ematize & make synoptical tables & inv5t ideal objects = ! pure love ( unify+4 ,too (t5 ! results1 gl[+ ) 'tru?' = ! inv5tors1 seem pa!tically p]sonal & artificial to by/&]s4 ,:i* is z mu* z to say t ! purely !oretic crit]ion ( tru? c leave u 9 ! lur* z easily z any o!r crit]ion4 ,i ?9k t if ,mr4 ,joseph w b consid] all ^! ?+s a little m concretely1 he may f9d t ! humani/ic s*eme & ! notion ( !oretic tru? fall into l9e consi/5tly en\gh to yield him also intellectual satisfaction4 ,,footnotes3 #abi ,repr9t$ )\t *ange f ,m9d1 ,n4 ,s41 vol4 ,,xiv1 ,no4 #ed1 ,april1 #aije1 pp4 #aij-aih4 ,pages #bde-bdg1 & pp4 #bfa-bfe1 h also be5 repr9t$ 9 ,! ,mean+ ( ,tru?1 pp4 #ed-eg1 & pp4 #ig-ajj4 ,! pres5t essay is ref]r$ to above1 p4 #bjc4 ,,ed4 #acj ',humanism & ,tru?' fir/ appe>$ 9 ,m9d1 ,n4 ,s41 vol4 ,,xiii1 ,no4 #eb1 ,octob]1 #aijd4 ,x is repr9t$ 9 ,! ,mean+ ( ,tru?1 pp4 #ea-aja4 ,cf4 ?is article passim4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,w4 ,b4 ,joseph's criticism1 entitl$ ,pr(essor ,james on ',humanism & ,tru?1' appe>$ 9 ,m9d1 ,n4 ,s41 vol4 ,,xiv1 ,no4 #ec1 ,janu>y1 #aije4 ,,ed4 #aca ,op4 cit41 p4 #cg4 #acb ,cf4 above1 pp4 #bda-bdc4 #acc ,op4 cit41 p4 #cb4 #acd ,?is ,mr4 ,joseph deals ) 7?\gh 9 mu* too pettifogg+ & logic-*opp+ a way7 on pp4 #cc-cd ( 8 article4 #ace ,comp>e "s elaborate articles by ,m4 ,le ,roy & ,m4 ,wilbois 9 ! ,revue de ,mtaphysique et de ,morale1 vols4 ,,viii1 ,,ix1 & ,x1 #aijj1 #aija1 & #aijb4 #acf ,cf4 ,! ,mean+ ( ,tru?1 p4 #fd4 #acg ,joseph3 op4 cit41 p4 #cf4 #ach ,mo/ rec5tly 9 two articles1 ,does ',consci\sness' ,exi/8 & ,a ,_w ( ,pure ,exp]i5ce4 ,see above1 pp4 #a-ia4 #aci ,= a rec5t attempt1 effective on ! :ole1 at squ>+ humanism ) kn[+1 ,i may ref] to ,pr(4 ,woodbridge's v able address at ! ,sa9t ,l\is ,congress1 ,! ,field ( ,logic1 pr9t$ 9 ,sci5ce1 ,n4 ,y41 ,novemb] #d1 #aijd4 ,,xii ,,absolutism ,,& ,,empiricism#adj ,no seek] ( tru? c fail to rejoice at ! t]re--t]re sort ( discussion ( ! issues betwe5 ,empiricism & ,transc5d5talism 7or1 z ! *ampions ( ! latt] w\ld probably pref] to say1 betwe5 ,irrationalism & ,rationalism7 t seems to h begun 9 ,m9d4#ada ,x w\ld seem z if1 ov] concrete examples l ,mr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,haldane's1 bo? p>ties ought inevitably to come to a bett] und]/&+4 ,z a read] ) a /rong bias t[>ds ,irrationalism1 ,i h /udi$ 8 article#adb ) ! livelie/ admiration ( its temp] & its pa9/ak+ ef=t to be cle>4 ,b ! cases discuss$ fail$ to satisfy me1 & ,i 0 at fir/ tempt$ to write a ,note animadv]t+ ^u !m 9 detail4 ,! gr[? ( ! limb1 ! sea's cont\r1 ! vic>i\s function+ ( ! n]ve-c5tre1 ! digitalis cur+ ! he>t1 are un=tunately n cases :]e we c see any ?r\gh-&-?r\gh condition+ ( ! p>ts by ! :ole4 ,!y are all cases ( reciprocity :]e subjects1 suppos$ indep5d5tly to exi/1 acquire c]ta9 attributes ?r\gh _! relations to o!r subjects4 ,t !y also exi/ ?r\gh simil> relations is only an ideal supposition1 n v]ifi$ to our und]/&+ 9 ^! or any o!r concrete cases :atsoev]4 ,if1 h[ev]1 "o 7 to urge ?is solemnly1 ,mr4 ,haldane's fri5ds c\ld easily reply t he only gave u su* examples on acc\nt ( ! h>dness ( our he>ts4 ,he knew full well _! imp]fection1 b he hop$ t to ^? :o w\ld n spontane\sly asc5d to ! ,notion ( ! ,totality1 ^! cases might prove a spur & sugge/ & symbolize some?+ bett] ?an !mselves4 ,no p>ticul> case t c be br\ght =w>d is a real concrete4 ,!y are all ab/ractions f ! ,:ole1 & ( c\rse ! ?r\gh-&-?r\gh "* c n be f\nd 9 !m4 ,ea* ( !m /ill conta9s among its elem5ts :at we call ?+s1 grammatical subjects1 =m+ a sort ( residual caput mortuum ( ,exi/5ce aft] all ! relations t figure 9 ! examples h be5 told (f4 ,on ?is exi/5ce1 ?9ks popul> philosophy1 ?+s may live on1 l ! w9t] be>s on _! own fat1 nev] ent]+ relations at all1 or1 if ent]+ !m1 ent]+ an entirely diff]5t set ( !m f ^? treat$ ( 9 ,mr4 ,haldane's examples4 ,?us if ! digitalis 7 to weak5 in/ead ( /r5g!n+ ! he>t1 & to produce dea? 7z sometimes happ5s71 x w\ld det]m9e itself1 ?r\gh det]m9+ ! organism1 to ! function ( kill in/ead ( t ( cure4 ,! function & relation seem adv5titi\s1 dep5d+ on :at k9d ( a he>t ! digitalis gets hold (1 ! digitalis & ! he>t be+ facts ext]nal &1 s to speak1 accid5tal to ea* o!r4 ,b ?is popul> view1 ,mr4 ,haldane's fri5ds w cont9ue1 is an illusion4 ,:at seems to u ! exi/5ce ( digitalis & he>t outside ( ! relations ( kill+ or cur+1 is b a function 9 a wid] sy/em ( relations1 ( :i*1 pro hac vice1 we take no acc\nt4 ,! l>g] sy/em det]m9es ! exi/5ce j z absolutely z ! sy/em kill1 or ! sy/em cure1 det]m9$ ! function ( ! digitalis4 ,asc5d to ! absolute sy/em1 in/ead ( bid+ ) ^! relative & p>tial ones1 & y %all see t ! law ( ?r\gh-&-?r\ghness mu/ & does obta94 ,( c\rse1 ?is argum5t is entirely reasonable1 & deb>s u completely f *opp+ logic ab\t ! concrete examples ,mr4 ,haldane has *os54 ,x is n 8 fault if 8 categories are s f9e an in/rum5t t no?+ b ! sum total ( ?+s c be tak5 to %[ u ! mann] ( _! use4 ,x is simply our mis=tune t he has n ! sum total ( ?+s to %[ x by4 ,let u fall back f all concrete attempts & see :at we c d ) 8 notion ( ?r\gh-&-?r\ghness1 av[$ly tak5 9 ab/racto4 ,9 ab/ract sy/ems ! ?r\gh-&-?r\gh ,ideal is realiz$ on e h&4 ,9 any sy/em1 z su*1 ! memb]s are only memb]s 9 ! sy/em4 ,aboli% ! sy/em & y aboli% its memb]s1 = y h conceiv$ !m ?r\gh no o!r prop]ty ?an ! ab/ract "o ( memb]%ip4 ,nei!r rightness nor leftness1 except ?r\gh bi-lat]ality4 ,nei!r mortgag] nor mortgagee1 except ?r\gh mortgage4 ,! logic ( ^! cases is ?is3--,if ,a1 !n ,b2 b if ,b1 !n ,a3 :]e=e if ei!r1 ,bo?2 & if n ,bo?1 ,no?+4 ,x co/s no?+1 n ev5 a m5tal ef=t1 to admit t ! absolute totality ( ?+s may be organiz$ exactly aft] ! patt]n ( "o ( ^! ?r\gh-&-?r\gh ab/ractions4 ,9 fact1 x is ! pleasante/ & free/ ( m5tal movem5ts4 ,husb& makes1 & is made by1 wife1 ?r\gh m>riage2 "o makes o!r1 by be+ itself o!r2 ev]y?+ self-creat$ ?r\gh its opposite--y g r\nd l a squirrel 9 a cage4 ,b if y /op & reflect ^u :at y are ab\t1 y lay b>e ! exact po9t at issue betwe5 common s5se & ! ?r\gh-&-?r\gh s*ool4 ,:at1 9 fact1 is ! logic ( ^! ab/ract sy/ems8 ,x is1 z we said above3 ,if any ,memb]1 !n ! ,:ole ,sy/em2 if n ! ,:ole ,sy/em1 !n ,no?+4 ,b h[ c ,logic possibly d any?+ m ) ^! two hypo!ses ?an comb9e !m into ! s+le disjunctive proposition--,ei!r ?is ,:ole ,sy/em1 j z x /&s1 or ,no?+ at all4 ,is n t disjunction ! ultimate ^w ( ,logic 9 ! matt]1 & c any disjunction1 z su*1 resolve itself8 ,x may be t ,mr4 ,haldane sees h[ "o horn1 ! concept ( ! ,:ole ,sy/em1 c>ries real exi/5ce ) x4 ,b if he has be5 z unsuccessful z ,i 9 assimilat+ ! ,hegelian re-edit+s ( ! ,anselmian pro(1#adc he w h to say t ?\gh ,logic may det]m9e :at ! sy/em mu/ be1 if x is1 some?+ else ?an ,logic mu/ tell u t x is4 ,mr4 ,haldane 9 ?is case w\ld probably consci\sly1 or unconsci\sly1 make an appeal to ,fact3 ! disjunction is decid$1 s9ce nobody c dispute t n[1 z a matt] ( fact1 some?+1 & n no?+1 is4 ,we mu/ !re=e1 he w\ld probably say1 g on to admit ! ,:ole ,sy/em 9 ! desid]at$ s5se4 ,is n !n ! validity ( ! ,anselmian pro( ! nucleus ( ! :ole "q betwe5 ,logic & ,fact8 ,ought n ! ef=ts ( ,mr4 ,haldane & 8 fri5ds to be pr9cipally devot$ to its elucidation8 ,is x n ! real door ( sep>ation betwe5 ,empiricism & ,rationalism8 ,& if ! ,rationali/s leave t door = a mom5t (f its h+es1 c any p[] keep t ab/ract1 opaque1 unm$iat$1 ext]nal1 irrational1 & irresponsible mon/]1 kn[n to ! vulg> z b>e ,fact1 f gett+ 9 & contam9at+ ! :ole sanctu>y ) 8 pres5ce8 ,c any?+ prev5t ,fau/ f *ang+ ,am ,anfang w> das ,wort into ,am ,anfang w> die ,t8 ,no?+ 9 e>? or heav54 ,only ! ,anselmian pro( c keep ,fact out ( philosophy4 ,! "q1 ,%all ,fact be recogniz$ z an ultimate pr9ciple8 is ! :ole issue betwe5 ! ,rationali/s & ! ,empiricism ( vulg> ?\ght4 ,( c\rse1 if s recogniz$1 ,fact sets a limit to ! ?r\gh-&-?r\gh "* ( ! _w's rationality4 ,t rationality might !n m$iate betwe5 all ! memb]s ( our conception ( ! _w1 b n betwe5 ! conception itself & reality4 ,reality w\ld h to be giv51 n by ,reason1 b by ,fact4 ,fact holds out blankly1 brutally & bl9dly1 aga9/ t univ]sal deliquesc5ce ( ev]y?+ into logical relations :i* ! ,absoluti/ ,logic dem&s1 & x is ! only ?+ t does hold out4 ,h5ce ! ire ( ! ,absoluti/ ,logic--h5ce its non-recognition1 its 'cutt+' ( ,fact4 ,! reasons x gives = ! 'cutt+' are t ,fact is spee*less1 a m]e ^w = ! negation ( ?\ght1 a vacu\s unkn[ability1 a dog-9-!-mang]1 9 tru?1 :i* hav+ no rights ( its own1 c f9d no?+ else to d ?an to keep its bett]s out ( !irs4 ,!re are two po9ts involv$ "h3 fir/ ! claim t c]ta9 ?+s h rights t are absolute1 ubiquit\s & all p]vasive1 & 9 reg>d to :i* no?+ else c possibly exi/ 9 its own "r2 & second t any?+ t d5ies ?is ass]tion is pure negativity ) no positive context :atsoev]4 ,take ! latt] po9t fir/4 ,is x true t :at is negative 9 "o way is !reby convict$ ( incapacity to be positive 9 any o!r way8 ,! ^w ,fact is l ! ^w ,accid5t1 l ! ^w ,absolute itself4 ,!y all h _! negative connotation4 ,9 tru?1 _! :ole connotation is negative & relative4 ,all x says is t1 :atev] ! ?+ may be t is d5ot$ by ! words1 o!r ?+s d n control x4 ,:]e fact1 :]e accid5t is1 !y mu/ be sil5t1 x alone c speak4 ,b t does n prev5t its speak+ z l\dly z y please1 9 its own tongue4 ,x may h an inw>d life1 self-transp>5t & active 9 ! maximum degree4 ,an indet]m9ate future volition on my "p1 = example1 w\ld be a /rict accid5t z f> z my pres5t self is conc]n$4 ,b t c\ld n prev5t x1 9 ! mom5t 9 :i* x occurr$1 f be+ possibly ! mo/ int5sely liv+ & lum9\s exp]i5ce ,i ev] _h4 ,its quality ( be+ a brute fact ab extra says no?+ :atev] z to its inw>dness4 ,x simply says to outsid]s3 ',h&s (f6' ,& ?is br+s u back to ! fir/ po9t ( ! ,absoluti/ indictm5t ( ,fact4 ,is t po9t really any?+ m ?an a fanta/ic dislike to lett+ any?+ say ',h&s (f'8 ,:at else expla9s ! contempt ! ,absoluti/ au?ors exhibit = a fre$om def9$ simply on its negative side1 z fre$om f1 etc48 ,:at else prompts !m to d]ide su* fre$om8 ,b1 dislike = dislike1 :o %all decide8 ,:y is n _! dislike at hav+ me f !m1 entirely on a p> ) m9e at hav+ !m ?r\gh me8 ,i "k v well t 9 talk+ ( dislikes to ^? :o nev] m5tion !m1 ,i am do+ a v co>se ?+1 & mak+ a sort ( intellectual ,orson ( myself4 ,b1 = ! life ( me1 ,i c n help x1 because ,i feel sure t likes & dislikes mu/ be among ! ultimate factors ( _! philosophy z well z ( m9e4 ,w\ld !y b admit x6 ,h[ sweetly we !n c\ld hold conv]se toge!r6 ,!re is some?+ f9ite ab\t u bo?1 z we n[ /&4 ,we d n "k ! ,absolute ,:ole yet4 ,"p ( x is /ill negative to u4 ,among ! :ats ( x /ill /alks a mob ( opaque ?ats1 )\t :i* we _c ?9k4 ,b j z ,i admit t ?is is all possibly provisional1 t ev5 ! ,anselmian pro( may come out all "r1 & creation may be a rational sy/em ?r\gh-&-?r\gh1 :y might !y n also admit t x may all be o!rwise1 & t ! %ad[1 ! opacity1 ! negativity1 ! f-ness1 ! plurality t is ultimate1 may nev] be :olly driv5 f ! sc5e4 ,we %\ld bo? !n be av[$ly mak+ hypo!ses1 play+ ) ,ideals4 ,ah6 ,:y is ! notion ( hypo!sis s abhorr5t to ! ,hegelian m9d8 ,& once d[n on our common level ( hypo!sis1 we might !n admit scepticism1 s9ce ! ,:ole is n yet reveal$1 to be ! s\nde/ logical position4 ,b s9ce we are 9 ! ma9 n sceptics1 we might g on & frankly confess to ea* o!r ! motives = our sev]al fai?s4 ,i frankly confess m9e--,i c n b ?9k t at bottom !y are ( an /hetic & n ( a logical sort4 ,! ?r\gh-&-?r\gh univ]se seems to suffocate me ) its infallible impeccable all-p]vasiv5ess4 ,its necessity1 ) no possibilities2 its relations1 ) no subjects1 make me feel z if ,i _h ent]$ into a contract ) no res]v$ rights1 or r z if ,i _h to live 9 a l>ge seaside bo>d+-h\se ) no private b$-room 9 :i* ,i might take refuge f ! society ( ! place4 ,i am di/9ctly aw>e1 moreov]1 t ! old qu>rel ( s9n] & ph>isee has some?+ to d ) ! matt]4 ,c]ta9ly1 to my p]sonal k1 all ,hegelians are n prigs1 b ,i someh[ feel z if all prigs ought to end1 if develop$1 by becom+ ,hegelians4 ,!re is a /ory ( two cl]gym5 ask$ by mi/ake to conduct ! same fun]al4 ,"o came fir/ & _h got no f>!r ?an ,i am ! ,resurrection & ! ,life1 :5 ! o!r ent]$4 ,i am ! ,resurrection & ! ,life1 cri$ ! latt]4 ,! ?r\gh-&-?r\gh philosophy1 z x actually exi/s1 rem9ds _m ( u ( t cl]gyman4 ,x seems too button$-up & :ite-*ok]$ & clean-%av5 a ?+ to speak = ! va/ sl[-brea?+ unconsci\s ,kosmos ) its dread abysses & its unkn[n tides4 ,! fre$om we want to see !re is n ! fre$om1 ) a /r+ ti$ to its leg & w>rant$ n to fly away1 ( t philosophy4 ,let x fly away1 we say1 f u6 ,:at !n8 ,aga91 ,i "k ,i am exhibit+ my m5tal grossness4 ,b aga91 ,i* kann ni*t &]s4 ,i %[ my feel+s2 :y w !y n %[ !irs8 ,i "k !y h a p]sonal feel+ ab\t ! ?r\gh-&-?r\gh univ]se1 :i* is entirely diff]5t f m9e1 & :i* ,i %\ld v likely be mu* ! bett] = ga9+ if !y w\ld only %[ me h[4 ,_! p]si/5ce 9 tell+ me t feel+ has no?+ to d ) ! "q1 t x is a pure matt] ( absolute reason1 keeps me = ev] out ( ! pale4 ,/ill see+ a t 9 ?+s :i* ,logic does n expel1 ! mo/ ,i c d is to aspire to ! expulsion4 ,at pres5t ,i d n ev5 aspire4 ,aspiration is a feel+4 ,:at c k9dle feel+ b ! example ( feel+8 ,& if ! ,hegelians w refuse to set an example1 :at c !y expect ! re/ ( u to d8 ,to speak m s]i\sly1 ! "o fundam5tal qu>rel ,empiricism has ) ,absolutism is ov] ?is repudiation by ,absolutism ( ! p]sonal & /hetic factor 9 ! con/ruction ( philosophy4 ,t we all ( u h feel+s1 ,empiricism feels q sure4 ,t !y may be z prophetic & anticipatory ( tru? z any?+ else we h1 & "s ( !m m s ?an o!rs1 c n possibly be d5i$4 ,b :at hope is !re ( squ>+ & settl+ op9ions unless ,absolutism w hold p>ley on ?is common gr\nd2 & w admit t all philosophies are hypo!ses1 to :i* all our faculties1 emotional z well z logical1 help u1 & ! true/ ( :i* w at ! f9al integration ( ?+s be f\nd 9 possession ( ! m5 ^: faculties on ! :ole _h ! be/ div9+ p[]8 ,,footnotes3 #adj ,repr9t$ f ,m9d1 vol4 ,,ix1 ,no4 #cd1 ,april1 #ahhd4 #ada ,9 #ahhd4 #adb ,life & ,me*anism1 ,m9d1 vol4 ,,ix1 #ahhd4 #adc ,cf4 ,p4 ,janet & ,g4 ,sailles3 ,hi/ory ( ! ,problems ( ,philosophy1 trans4 by ,monahan1 vol4 ,,ii1 pp4 #bge-bgh2 #cje-cjg4 ,,ed4 ,,index ,,absolute ,,idealism3 #df1 #fj1 #ii1 #ajb1 #acd1 #aie1 #bef ff41 ,essay ,,xii4 ,,activity3 x1 ,essay ,,vi4 ,,affectional ,,facts3 #cd ff41 ,essay ,v1 #bag ff4 ,,agno/icism3 #aie4 ,,appreciations4 ,see ,,affectional ,,facts4 ,,b]gson1 ,h43 #aef1 #ahh4 ,,b]keley3 #aj-aa1 #dc1 #gf1 #gg1 #bab1 #bcb4 ,,bode1 ,b4 ,h43 #bcd ff4 ,,body3 #gh1 #hd ff41 #aec1 #bba4 ,,bradley1 ,f4 ,h43 #fj1 #ih1 #ii1 #ajj1 #ajg ff41 #aeg1 #afb4 ,,cause3 #afc1 #agd1 #aha ff4 ,,*ange3 #afa4 ,,cognitive ,,relation3 #eb ff4 ,see also "u ,,k4 ,,concepts3 #ae ff41 #bb1 #cc1 #ed ff41 #fe ff4 ,,conjunctive ,,relations3 x1 #dd ff41 #ei1 #gj1 #id1 #ajd1 #ajg ff41 #aag ff41 #afc1 #bdj4 ,,consci\sness3 xi1 ,essay ,i1 #ge1 #hj1 #abg ff41 #aci ff41 #aed1 #ahd1 ,essay ,,viii4 ,,cont9uity3 #dh ff41 #ei1 #gj1 #id4 ,,democritus3 #aa4 ,,desc>tes3 #cj4 ,,dewey1 ,j43 #ec1 #aef1 #aia1 #bjd1 #bdg1 #bfj4 ,,disjunctive ,,relations3 x1 #db ff41 #aje1 #ajg ff4 ,,dualism3 #aj1 #bjg ff41 #bbe1 #beg4 ,,empiricism3 iv-v1 vii-xiii1 #da1 #df-dg1 ,essay ,,xii4 ,see also "u ,,radical ,,empiricism4 ,,epi/emology3 #bci4 ,see also "u ,,k4 ,,e?ics3 #aid4 ,,exp]i5ce3 vii1 xii1 #h ff41 #ec1 #fb1 ff41 #ga1 #hj1 #hg1 #ib1 #baf1 #bbd1 #bcc1 #bdb1 #bdc4 ,see also "u ,,pure ,,exp]i5ce4 ,,ext]nal ,,relations3 #aaj ff4 ,see also "u ,,relations1 & ,,disjunctive4 ,,feel+4 ,see "u ,,affectional ,,facts4 ,,free ,,w3 #ahe4 ,,haldane1 ,j4 ,s43 #bff ff4 ,,hegel3 #ajf1 #bgf1 #bgg4 ,,h]b>t3 #ajf4 ,,hobh\se1 ,l4 ,t43 #aji4 ,,hodd]1 ,a4 ,l43 #bb1 #aji4 ,,hodgson1 ,s43 ix1 #dh4 ,h,,ffd+1 ,h43 #bch4 ,,humanism3 #ij1 #aef1 ,essay ,,vii1 ,essay ,,xi4 ,,hume3 x1 #db1 #dc1 #ajc1 #agd4 ,,idealism3 #ci1 #dj1 #acd1 #bai1 #bda1 #bef4 ,,ideas3 #ee ff41 #gc1 #agg1 #bji4 ,,id5tity1 ,philosophy (3 #acd1 #aig1 #bjb4 ,,indet]m9ism3 #ij1 #bgd4 ,,intellect3 #ig ff4 ,,joseph1 ,h4 ,w4 ,b43 #bjc1 #bdd ff4 ,,kant3 #a1 #cg1 #afb1 #bjf4 ,,ki]kega>d3 #bch4 ,,k3 #d1 #be1 #ef ff41 #fh ff41 #hg-hh1 #aif ff41 #bca4 ,see also "u ,,cognitive ,,relation1 ,,objective ,,ref]5ce4 ,,life3 #hg1 #afa4 ,,locke3 #aj4 ,,logic3 #bfi ff4 ,,lotze3 #ei1 #ge1 #afg4 ,,mat]ialism3 #agi1 #bcb4 ,,mill1 ,j4 ,s43 x1 #dc1 #gf4 ,,mill1 ,,james3 #dc4 ,,mill]1 ,d43 #ed4 ,,m9ds1 _! ,cont]m9\sness3 #gf ff41 ,essay ,,iv4 ,,monism3 vii1 #bjh1 #bfg ff4 ,,moore1 ,g4 ,e43 #f-g4 ,m,,n/]b]g1 ,h43 #a1 #ah-bj1 #aeh4 ,,natorp1 ,p43 #a1 #g-h4 ,,naturalism3 #if4 ,,neo-,,kantism3 #e-f4 ,,objective ,,ref]5ce3 #fg ff4 ,,objectivity3 #bc ff41 #gi4 ,,panpsy*ism3 #hi1 #ahh4 ,,p>allelism3 #baj4 ,,p]ception3 #aa ff41 #ag1 #cc1 #fe1 #gh1 #hb ff41 #aig1 #bjj1 #baa ff4 ,,p]ry1 ,r4 ,b43 #bd4 ,,physical ,,reality3 #ad1 #bb1 #cb1 #abd ff41 #aci ff41 #adi ff41 #aed1 #baa ff41 #bbi1 #bce4 ,,pitk91 ,w4 ,b43 #bda ff4 ,,pluralism3 #hi1 #ij1 #aaj4 ,,pragmatism3 iv1 x1 xi-xii1 #aa1 #gb1 #ig ff41 #aef1 #aei1 #agf1 #bdb1 #bfa4 ,,prim>y ,,qualities3 #adg4 ,,pr9ce1 ,m43 #hh4 ,,pr+le-,,pattison1 ,a4 ,s43 #aji4 ,,psy*ology3 #bjf1 #bji ff4 ,,pure ,,exp]i5ce3 #d1 #bc1 #bf-bg1 #ce1 ,essay ,,ii1 #gd1 #ij1 #ic ff41 #if4 #aba1 #abc1 #acd1 #ace1 #ach1 #aci1 #afj1 #aic1 #bjj1 #bbf ff41 #beg4 ,,radical ,,empiricism3 iv-v1 vii1 ix-xiii1 #da ff41 #dg1 #dh1 #fi1 #gf1 #hi1 #ia1 #ajg1 #aji1 #aba1 #adh1 #aef1 #aei1 #ahb1 #bce1 #bcg1 #bch1 #bci1 #bda1 #bdb4 ,,rationalism3 #da1 #if ff41 #bcg1 #bff4 ,,realism3 #af1 #dj1 #gf1 #hb ff4 ,,rehmke1 ,j43 #a4 ,,relations3 x1 #af1 #be1 #db ff41 #ga1 #ha1 ,essay ,,iii1 #adh1 #bfh4 ,see also "u ,,conjunctive & ,,disjunctive4 ,,religion3 xiii1 #aid4 ,,r5\vi]3 #ahd-ahe4 ,,repres5tation3 #fa1 #aif ff41 #bab ff4 ,see also "u ,,sub/itution4 ,,royce1 ,j43 #ba1 #aeh1 #ahf-ahg1 #aie4 ,,santayana1 ,g43 #adc1 #bah4 ,,s*ill]1 ,f4 ,c4 ,s43 #aji1 #aia1 #bjd1 #bdi1 #bfj4 ,,s*ub]t-,,sold]n1 ,r4 ,v43 #b4 ,,s*uppe1 ,w43 #a4 ,,second>y ,,qualities3 #adf1 #bai4 ,,self3 #de1 #df1 #id1 #abh ff4 ,,s5sation3 #cj1 #bja4 ,,sidis1 ,b43 #add4 ,,solipsism3 ,essay ,,ix4 ,,space3 #cj-ca1 #hd1 #id1 #aaj1 #aad4 ,,sp5c]1 ,h43 #add4 ,,sp9oza3 #bjh4 ,,spir1 ,a43 #ajf4 ,,/\t1 ,g4 ,f43 #aji1 #aeh4 ,,/rong1 ,c4 ,a43 #ed1 #hh1 #hi1 #ahh4 ,,subjectivity3 #bc ff41 #bcd ff41 #bea ff4 ,,sub/itution3 #fb ff41 #ajd1 #bja4 ,,ta9e3 #bj1 #fb4 ,,taylor1 ,a4 ,e43 #aaa4 ,,teleology3 #agi4 ,,?+s3 #a1 #i ff41 #bh ff41 #cg1 ,essay ,,iii1 #bji4 ,,?\ght3 #a1 #bb1 #bh ff41 #cg1 #bac4 ,see also "u ,,k4 ,,"t3 #bg1 #id4 ,,transc5d5talism3 #ci1 #eb1 #fg1 #ga1 #ge1 #bci4 ,,tru?3 #bd1 #ih1 #aib1 #bjb ff41 #bdg ff4 ,,w>d1 ,j43 #aeg1 #afb4 ,,w3 #afe1 #ahd4 ,,woodbridge4 ,f4 ,j4 ,e43 #aif4 ,,wor?3 #ahf-ahg4 ,,wundt1 ,w43 #aeb4 ,! ,riv]side ,press ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,h4 ,o4 ,,h\ghton ,,co4 ,,cambridge1 ,,mass4 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,! foll[+ *anges 7 made to ! text4 ,page #ih3 ,yet :5 s brok5 x is less consi/5t !n ev]4 ,*ang$ to ,yet :5 s brok5 x is less consi/5t ?an ev]4 ,page #ahj3 "s comtemptibly small process on :i* success dep5ds4 ,*ang$ to "s contemptibly small process on :i* success dep5ds4 ,note #ic3 ,,xxv aud ,,xxvi ,*ang$ to ,,xxv & ,,xxvi ,note #aja3 ',does ,consci\suess ,exi/8' ,*ang$ to ',does ,consci\sness ,exi/8' ,note #aji3 ei!r z a syuonym = 'radical empiricism' ,*ang$ to ei!r z a synonym = 'radical empiricism' ,note #aji3 ,= o!r discussions ( 'humauism1' ,*ang$ to ,= o!r discussions ( 'humanism1' ,note #acj3 ',humanism & ,tru?' fir/ appe>$ iu ,*ang$ to ',humanism & ,tru?' fir/ appe>$ 9