,illustration3 ,book title decoration   
,,stories   ,,pictures ,,tell    ,,book 
,,two    ,by    ,,flora ,l4 ,,carpenter 
,instructor in drawing in ,waite ,high  
,school1 ,toledo1 ,ohio   ,formerly     
supervisor of drawing1 ,bloomington1    
,illinois    ,illustrated with ,half    
,tones from   ,original ,photographs    
,,rand ,mc,n,a,l,l,y  ,,company         
,,chicago       ,,new ,,york            
,copyright1 #aiah1 by   ,,rand ,,mcnally
  ,,company  ,illustration3 ,publisher's
 symbol    ,made in ,u4 ,s4 ,a4         
,,the ,,contents     ,,september ,,and  
,,october                               
,,page      ,shoeing the ,bay ,mare     
,landseer                #a             
,angels' ,heads               ,reynolds 
#ac     ,,november1 ,,december1 ,,and   
,,january      ,the ,first ,step        
,millet                 #ba      ,a     
,fascinating ,tale        ,mme ,ronner  
#bi    ,,february ,,and ,,march      ,a 
,helping ,hand              ,renouf     
#cg      ,the ,strawberry ,girl         

,reynolds               #dc    ,,april1 
,,may1 ,,and ,,june      ,the ,return to
 the ,farm      ,troyon                 
#ea      ,review of ,pictures and       
,artists ,studied    ,the ,suggestions  
to ,teachers                            
#ef     ,,the ,,preface   ,art          
supervisors in the public schools assign
 picture-study work in each grade1      
recommending the study of certain       
pictures by well-known masters4 ,as     
,supervisor of ,drawing ,i found that   
the children enjoyed this work but that 
the teachers felt incompetent to conduct
 the lessons as they lacked time to look
 up the subject and to gather adequate  
material4 ,recourse to a great many     
books was necessary and often while much
 information could usually be found     
about the artist1 very little was       
available about his pictures4  ,hence ,i
 began collecting information about the 
pictures and preparing the lessons for  
the teachers just as ,i would give them 
myself to pupils of their grade4  ,my   

plan does not include many pictures     
during the year1 as this is to be only a
 part of the art work and is not        
intended to take the place of drawing4  
,the lessons in this grade may be used  
for the usual drawing period of from    
twenty to thirty minutes1 and have been 
successfully given in that time4        
,however1 the most satisfactory way of  
using the books is as supplementary     
readers1 thus permitting each child to  
study the pictures and read the stories 
himself4                                
,,flora ,l4 ,,carpenter  ,illustration3 
,,shoeing ,,the ,,bay ,,mare            
,,stories ,,pictures ,,tell             
,,shoeing ,,the ,,bay ,,mare            
,original ,picture3 ,national ,gallery1 
,london1                                
,england4   ,artist3 ,sir ,edwin        
,landseer 7l7andser74   ,birthplace3    
,london1 ,england4   ,dates3 ,born1     
#ahjb2 died1 #ahgc4   ,questions to     
arouse interest4 ,what is the man in    
this picture doing8 ,how many have      

watched a blacksmith shoe a horse8 ,why 
does he wear an apron made of leather8  
,from what do the sparks fly8 ,what has 
the blacksmith in his hand8 ,why do you 
suppose this horse wears no halter8     
,what other animals do you see in this  
picture8 ,which has the larger ears1 the
 donkey or the horse8 ,which seems to   
have the softer coat8 ,which can run the
 faster8 ,what do you see on the        
donkey's back8 ,what kind of dog is that
 in the picture8 ,why do you suppose the
 hound is so interested in what the     
blacksmith is doing8 ,what else can you 
see in the picture8 ,what makes you     
think the man is fond of animals8 ,where
 is the bird8 ,why do you like this     
picture8   ,the story of the picture4   
,here in a building that once may have  
been a home1 we see an old-fashioned    
country blacksmith shop4 ,the wide door 
has been made in two parts so that the  
upper part can be swung open to let in  
the sunlight4 ,the lower part of the    
doorway remains closed and is just high 

enough to keep the horse and donkey shut
 in4 ,but the dog could easily jump over
 it should he become frightened by the  
flying sparks of fire4  ,the smith is   
trying a shoe on the hind foot of the   
beautiful horse1 but neither the man nor
 the horse seems quite satisfied with   
it4 ,the horse has an anxious look in   
her intelligent eyes as she turns her   
head to watch the smith4 ,though she    
knows he will do the work carefully she 
cannot help being a little nervous about
 it4 ,the dog and the donkey are also   
very much interested in what the smith  
is doing1 though the dog seems ready to 
run at any moment4 ,behind the dog we   
see the blacksmith's anvil on which he  
hammers the shoe into shape4 ,every time
 the hammer strikes the red-hot iron1   
burning sparks fly in all directions and
 the blacksmith wears a leather apron1  
to keep them from burning holes in his  
clothes4  ,on the ground beside the     
blacksmith is a box in which are the    
tools the smith must use4 ,it has a     

handle so that the smith may carry it   
with him and place it within reach when 
he is fitting the shoe4  ,years ago1    
when the artist painted this picture1 a 
blacksmith had to make each shoe by hand
 from a bar of iron4 ,now horseshoes are
 made rapidly by machinery and the      
blacksmith gets them from the factory4  
,they are made in all shapes and sizes  
and the smith will try several shoes    
until he finds one that fits the horse's
 hoof4 ,if it needs to be shaped a      
little he must heat it red hot before he
 can bend it4 ,he puts it into the great
 bed of red-hot coals in his forge1 and 
then blows upon the coals with his      
bellows to make the fire hotter4 ,his   
heavy iron tongs are used to take the   
red-hot shoe from the coals and to hold 
it upon the anvil while he pounds it    
into shape4 ,next he drops it into cold 
water until it is cool enough to try on4
 ,the smith must be a strong man to do  
his work well1 and in this picture our  
attention is drawn to the great muscles 

on his arms and the firm strength of his
 large hands4  ,it takes great skill to 
drive the nails into the horse's hoof in
 just such a way that they will hold the
 shoe firmly and at the same time not   
hurt the hoof4 ,sometimes1 but not very 
often1 a blacksmith drives a nail in the
 wrong direction1 and the horse becomes 
lame4 ,horses grow accustomed to being  
shod1 and seem to like to have          
comfortable new shoes put on4 ,how glad 
they must be in the winter to have their
 hoofs sharp shod1 so they do not slip  
on the ice6  ,betty1 the bay mare in    
this picture1 liked to be shod1 and as  
she never wore a halter and could go    
where she pleased1 she sometimes went to
 see the blacksmith4 ,the story is told 
that one day while she was galloping    
over the fields one of her shoes became 
loose4 ,betty seemed to know just what  
to do2 it was not long before the       
blacksmith heard a gentle neigh1 and    
there was ,betty with her head over the 
gate1 asking to be let in4 ,once inside 

she held up the foot with the loose shoe
 for the blacksmith to fix4 ,you may be 
sure he patted her velvety neck1 and    
told her that he knew just what the     
trouble was and would fix her up all    
right4  ,the shaggy little donkey you   
see in the picture had to wait until the
 blacksmith had attended to ,betty4 ,but
 he did not care about having his shoes 
fixed anyway1 and so did not mind       
waiting4  ,the man who owned ,betty was 
,mr4 ,jacob ,bell1 and he was so proud  
of her that he wanted her picture       
painted4 ,in fact1 once when ,betty had 
had a beautiful colt1 ,mr4 ,bell asked  
,sir ,edwin ,landseer to paint a picture
 of the two together4 ,but the artist   
had such a long waiting list of animals 
to paint that he did not get around to  
,betty's turn for a long time4 ,betty   
had another colt1 but it1 too1 had grown
 to be as tall as ,betty herself before 
,sir ,edwin ,landseer at last came out  
to see her4  ,he came on the very day   
that ,betty paid her visit to the       

blacksmith shop1 and so it was there    
that ,mr4 ,bell took the artist to see  
her4 ,landseer had planned to paint the 
horse out in the green fields2 but when 
he saw her in the blacksmith shop1      
watching every movement of the smith    
with such perfect understanding in her  
great1 intelligent eyes1 he decided to  
paint her there4  ,one can see at a     
glance that this horse is well cared    
for2 her silky coat makes us wish to pet
 her4 ,notice the white star-shaped mark
 on her forehead4  ,the hound must have 
followed the horse1 for he does not look
 as if he belonged in the blacksmith    
shop4 ,he seems to be a little afraid of
 the hot tongs placed in front of him1  
and looks as if he might run away the   
next time the sparks begin to fly4      
,that sleepy-looking little donkey must 
belong to some child1 for you can see   
the saddle on his back4 ,probably some  
boy will call for him1 and ride him     
home4  ,notice how the light comes in   
through the upper half of the doorway   

and falls upon the figures4 ,can you see
 where the light from the fire in the   
forge is shining8  ,we cannot see the   
bird in the cage hanging from the roof  
of the blacksmith shop1 but no doubt it 
sang very merrily on the bright sunny   
day this must have been4 ,the smith has 
placed its cage a safe distance from the
 heat1 and where it can get plenty of   
air and sunlight4 ,no doubt they are    
great friends1 but how the bird must    
wish to try its wings in a long flight  
up beyond the treetops and into the     
bright blue sky6  ,when the shoe is     
fixed the blacksmith will open the door 
and ,betty will trot home by herself4   
,no wonder ,mr4 ,bell was proud of a    
horse that knew so much and was so      
beautiful4 ,would you not like to have a
 horse like ,betty8   ,questions to help
 the pupil understand the picture4 ,when
 a horse needs new shoes1 where does its
 owner take it8 ,what is the name of the
 horse in our picture8 ,why did ,betty  
come to the blacksmith shop8 ,how did   

she let the blacksmith know what she    
wanted8 ,does she seem pleased with the 
shoe he is trying on8 ,how can he make  
it fit8 ,why does he heat the shoe red  
hot8 ,upon what does he place the       
red-hot shoe to pound it into shape8 ,on
 the blackboard draw a picture of an    
anvil4 ,what does the blacksmith use    
when he blows the coals to make a hotter
 fire8 ,with what does he hold the hot  
shoes8 ,why does he put them in cold    
water before trying them on8 ,how does  
he fasten the shoe on the horse's hoof8 
,why does it not hurt a horse to be     
shod8 ,what do you see on the donkey's  
back8 ,of what is the dog afraid8 ,what 
does the blacksmith wear to keep the    
sparks from burning his clothes8 ,why is
 that low gate placed in the doorway8   
,to whom did ,betty belong8 ,who came to
 paint her picture8 ,why did he paint   
her in the blacksmith shop8 ,what makes 
you think she was well cared for8 ,why  
do you suppose she is so gentle and     
patient8 ,where does the light in the   

picture come from8 ,why do you like     
,betty8   ,to the ,teacher3 ,have the   
pupils memorize the following lines from
 ,longfellow's ,the ,village            
,blacksmith3      ,and children coming  
home from school       ,look in at the  
open door2     ,they love to see the    
flaming forge1       ,and hear the      
bellows roar1     ,and catch the burning
 sparks that fly       ,like chaff from 
a threshing-floor4   ,the story of the  
artist4 ,sir ,edwin ,landseer had three 
sisters and two brothers who liked to   
draw and paint as well as he did4 ,the  
father was an artist1 and he taught them
 all how to draw when they were very    
young4  ,they lived in the country1 and 
often the father went with his children 
for a walk through the fields4 ,there   
were two very large fields separated    
from each other by a fence with an      
old-fashioned stile for a gate4 ,this   
stile had several steps1 and was built  
high so that the sheep and cows could   
not jump over4 ,one day when ,edwin was 

six years old1 and so little that he had
 to be lifted over this stile1 his      
father tells us that ,at his request ,i 
lifted him over1 and finding a scrap of 
paper and a pencil in my pocket1 ,i made
 him sketch a cow4 ,after this ,edwin   
came here nearly every day1 and his     
father called these two fields ,edwin's 
studio4  ,when ,edwin was only thirteen 
years old two of his pictures were      
exhibited at the ,royal ,academy4 ,one  
was a portrait of a mule2 the other1 of 
a dog and puppies4  ,edwin painted      
always from life1 not caring to make    
copies from the work of others4 ,all the
 sketches he made when he was a little  
boy were carefully kept by the father1  
and now if you go to ,england you may   
see them in the ,south ,kensington      
,museum in ,london4  ,edwin1 we are     
told1 was a bright1 gentle little boy1  
with blue eyes and light curly hair4 ,at
 fourteen years of age he became a pupil
 at the ,royal ,academy4 ,the keeper    
there was an old man who grew very fond 

of the boy4 ,he would look all about for
 him1 and if he could not find him he   
would say1 ,where is my little dog boy8 
,at this time ,edwin had three dogs of  
his own1 which he called ,brutus1       
,vixen1 and ,boxer4 ,they were his      
inseparable companions1 and so          
intelligent that they seemed almost able
 to speak4  ,for many years he lived and
 painted in his father's house in a poor
 little room without even a carpet4 ,all
 the furniture1 we are told1 consisted  
of three cheap chairs and an easel4     
,later1 he had a fine studio not far    
from a park4 ,there was a small house   
and garden here1 and the barn was made  
over into a studio4  ,sir ,edwin was not
 a very good business man1 and he left  
the management of all his affairs to his
 father1 who sold his pictures for him  
and kept his accounts4  ,landseer was   
only sixteen years old when he exhibited
 his wonderful picture called ,fighting 
,dogs ,getting ,wind4 ,a very rich man  
whose praise meant a great deal at that 

time bought the picture1 and ,sir       
,edwin's success was assured4 ,after    
that so many people brought their pets  
for him to paint that he had to keep a  
list1 and each must wait his turn4  ,it 
was about this time1 too1 that he       
painted an old white horse in the stable
 of another wealthy man4 ,after the     
picture was finished1 ready to deliver1 
it suddenly disappeared4 ,search was    
made for it everywhere1 but it was not  
found until twenty-four years           
afterwards4 ,a servant had stolen it and
 hidden it in a hayloft4 ,he was afraid 
to sell it1 or even to keep it in his   
home1 for every one would recognize the 
great artist's work4  ,at the age of    
twenty-four1 ,landseer became a member  
of the ,royal ,academy1 which was an    
unusual honor for so young a man4  ,the 
story is told that at an evening party  
in the home of a well-known leader of   
society in ,london where ,landseer was  
present1 the guests had been talking    
about skill with the hands4 ,one of the 

guests said that no one had ever been   
found who could draw two things at once4
 ,landseer remarked1 ,oh1 ,i can do     
that2 lend me two pencils1 and ,i will  
show you4  ,he then quickly drew the    
head of a horse with one hand1 at the   
same time drawing a deer's head and     
antlers with the other hand4 ,both      
sketches were so good that they might   
well have been drawn with the same hand 
and with much more study4  ,landseer    
made a special study of lions1 too1 and 
painted many pictures of them4 ,the     
great lions at the base of the famous   
,nelson ,monument in ,trafalgar ,square1
 ,london1 were modeled by him4          
,although ,landseer painted so many wild
 animals1 birds1 and hunting scenes1 he 
did not care to hunt or shoot4          
,sometimes he would hire guides to take 
him into the wildest parts in search of 
game4 ,but these guides felt thoroughly 
disgusted with him when1 a great wild   
deer bounding toward them1 he would     
merely make a sketch of it in his book4 

,landseer knew how to use a gun1        
however1 and sometimes did use it with  
great success4 ,but it was the study of 
live animals that interested him most4  
,he often said that to kill a bird was  
to lose it4  ,he believed that animals  
understand1 feel1 and reason just like  
people2 so he represented them in his   
pictures as happy1 sad1 gay1 dignified1 
frivolous1 rich1 poor1 and in all ways  
just like human beings4  ,landseer did  
and said all he could against the custom
 of cutting1 or cropping1 the ears of   
dogs4 ,he said that nature intended to  
protect the ears of dogs that dig in the
 dirt1 and man should not interfere4    
,people paid a great deal of attention  
to what he said1 and the custom lost    
favor4  ,in #ahej the honor of          
knighthood was conferred upon ,landseer4
 ,he was popular alike with patron and  
peasant1 and no ,english painter has    
ever been more appreciated in his own   
country4  ,landseer died in ,london in  
#ahgc1 at the age of seventy-one4       

,questions about the artist4 ,what can  
you tell about the artist who painted   
this picture8 ,where did he live when he
 was a boy8 ,how many brothers and      
sisters did he have8 ,where did they    
often walk with their father8 ,what     
separated the two fields8 ,how many of  
you ever saw a stile8 ,what animal did  
,edwin sketch first8 ,where was ,edwin's
 studio8 ,what became of the pictures   
,edwin drew and painted when he was a   
boy8 ,tell about the keeper of the      
,royal ,academy and ,edwin2 tell about  
,edwin and his picture of an old white  
horse2 tell about his fine new studio4  
,how did ,sir ,edwin ,landseer think    
animals felt and understood8 ,tell how  
he went hunting4 ,how well could he draw
 with his left hand8 ,why did people    
like him8 ,why do you think he was a    
great artist8     ,,angels' ,,heads     
,original ,picture3 ,national ,gallery1 
,london1                                
,england4   ,artist3 ,sir ,joshua       
,reynolds 7r7en7uldz74   ,birthplace3   

,plympton1 ,devonshire1 ,england4       
,dates3 ,born1 #agbc2 died1 #agib4      
,questions to arouse interest4 ,what do 
you see in this picture8 ,why do you    
think these heads look alike8 ,how do   
they differ8 ,how many are looking up8  
,which one is looking right at you8     
,where are the others looking8 ,where   
does the light come from8 ,where does   
the ray of light strike each head8      
,which looks the happiest8 the most     
thoughtful8 ,which one seems to be      
singing8 ,which one do you like best8   
why8 ,how many know a little girl with  
blue eyes and light hair who looks      
something like one of these8   ,the     
story of the picture4 ,far back in a    
beautiful yard1 so large that it was    
almost a park1 was a house so fine that 
people drove past just to see it4 ,in   
this house lived a nobleman1 his wife1  
and one lovely little daughter4 ,their  
names were ,lord and ,lady ,william     
,gordon1 and the little girl's name was 
,frances ,isabelle ,gordon4 ,perhaps you

 have already guessed that she was the  
little girl we see in this picture4 ,and
 this is how she happened to have her   
picture painted3 ,the artist1 ,sir      
,joshua ,reynolds1 was a great friend of
 ,lord and ,lady ,gordon and used to    
visit them very often4 ,he would ride in
 a splendid carriage which was gilded   
and carved on the outside and decorated 
with wonderful pictures painted by      
himself4 ,he had a coachman and footman1
 too1 and when he came riding up the    
long driveway1 little ,frances must have
 run out to see the great carriage1 for 
no one else had one like it4  ,soon ,sir
 ,joshua ,reynolds and ,frances         
,isabelle became great friends4 ,he     
could tell such good stories6 ,and then 
he liked to play games with her1 and    
above all he liked to tease her4 ,but   
she did not mind his teasing1 for she   
could run away from him when she did not
 like it4  ,sometimes he would invite   
her to ride home with him in his        
carriage4 ,then he would show her his   

studio where he painted1 and let her    
play with some of the toys he always    
kept ready for his little friends4 ,very
 likely her mother would tell him to    
send her home in an hour4 ,how she must 
have enjoyed the ride back all alone in 
the big carriage1 with the tall coachman
 and footman sitting so straight6 ,no   
doubt she pretended she was a great lady
 riding in state1 and sat very still and
 proper4  ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds loved  
this little girl very much1 and he was  
glad indeed when one day her mother     
brought her to have her picture painted4
  ,illustration3 ,angels' ,heads  ,there
 were no photograph galleries then such 
as we have now1 so there was no other   
way to have one's picture taken4 ,the   
great artist put his piece of canvas on 
an easel and mixed his colors4 ,then he 
told ,frances ,isabelle just where to   
sit4 ,although ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds   
painted very rapidly1 she had to sit    
still for a long time1 and come several 
days1 before the picture could be       

finished4  ,first he drew her looking   
straight at him watching him arrange his
 paints4 ,then he began to make sketches
 of her in different positions1 but he  
liked her so much in all1 that he could 
not decide which one to use4 ,finally1  
he thought of painting them all in one  
picture4 ,then1 as little ,frances      
looked so lovely and so like an angel1  
he decided to add the wings and clouds  
and call his picture ,angels' ,heads4   
,you see at that time1 not having any   
photographers1 no one thought of showing
 a person in different positions all in 
one picture as we do nowadays4 ,people  
were very glad then to have one good    
picture of their friends4  ,imagine how 
pleased and delighted ,lord and ,lady   
,gordon must have been with these five  
pictures instead of one1 and all so like
 their little girl6 ,the angel heads    
seem to be floating in the clouds1 their
 faces lighted up by the bright ray of  
sunlight which is reflected in the      
golden hair of each4 ,for ,frances      

,isabelle had the most beautiful golden 
hair and the bluest of blue eyes4  ,the 
head at the lower left-hand side of the 
picture is serious and thoughtful1 as if
 some hard question had to be answered4 
,the one just above seems quiet1 as if  
listening to the two other angels1 who  
are singing happily4 ,these four have   
quite forgotten us1 but the little girl 
who looks straight at us seems to be    
right here in the room1 watching us and 
wondering about us4 ,a happy1 healthy   
little girl1 she looks as if she would  
like to run and play with us4 ,such a   
sweet1 winsome face6 ,no wonder ,sir    
,joshua loved her very much4  ,people   
came from far and near to see this      
beautiful painting when it was finished4
 ,finally1 years later1 ,lord and ,lady 
,gordon gave it to the city of ,london  
to hang in the ,national ,gallery of    
paintings for all to see4 ,there it     
still hangs1 and people who go to       
,london always look for it1 and find it 
just as lovely as ever4   ,questions to 

help the pupil understand the picture4  
,of whom is this a picture8 ,where did  
she live8 ,how did she happen to have   
her picture painted8 ,who painted it8   
,what kind of a carriage did he have8   
,what did he sometimes ask her to do8   
,why did she not go to a photographer to
 have her picture taken8 ,how long did  
it take ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds to paint 
her picture8 ,why did he paint so many  
pictures of her8 ,why did he call the   
picture ,angels' ,heads8 ,how many faces
 are looking at us8 ,where do they seem 
to be8 ,which one is the prettiest8 ,did
 ,lord and ,lady ,gordon like this      
picture8   ,the story of the artist4    
,sir ,joshua ,reynolds's father was a   
teacher in a private school1 and to this
 school ,joshua was sent as soon as he  
was old enough4 ,even when a very little
 boy ,joshua liked to draw4 ,he liked so
 well to draw that it was very hard for 
him to study in school4 ,he always saw  
so many things to draw that he could not
 wait until after school1 but drew them 

on the back of his lesson papers4  ,one 
day he drew all over his number paper1  
and when he handed it in1 his father    
could not read the numbers on account of
 the drawing4 ,his father was           
disappointed because his son's paper did
 not look so neat as the other boys'1   
and so he wrote at the top of the paper1
 ,done by ,joshua out of pure idleness4 
,joshua had five brothers and sisters   
who liked to draw just as well as he    
did1 and who could all draw very much   
better than he could4  ,it took so much 
paper and so many pencils for all his   
children1 that finally the father told  
them they might draw on the walls of the
 halls4 ,these walls had been           
whitewashed and the children used burnt 
sticks for pencils4  ,at first the older
 brothers and sisters used to help      
little ,joshua by guiding his hand1 but 
he soon learned to draw as well as they4
 ,his first drawings had been so funny  
that they had laughed at him4 ,now they 
praised him instead4  ,when he was only 

eight years old ,joshua drew a picture  
that every one praised very much4 ,it   
was a picture of the schoolhouse4 ,his  
father was so pleased when he saw it    
that he said1 ,this is wonderful6  ,in  
the little town where ,joshua lived the 
people went to church on ,sundays1 of   
course1 and sometimes also during the   
week4 ,one day1 ,joshua went to church4 
,at first he sat very still2 but the    
sermon was a very long one1 and finally 
he grew so tired he could not listen    
another minute4 ,he thought he would    
like to draw a picture of the minister1 
but he had nothing to draw it on4 ,then 
he remembered that he had a pencil in   
his pocket1 and that he could draw the  
picture on his thumb nail4 ,that is just
 what he did4  ,the church was near the 
river1 and after church ,joshua went    
down to the river bank4 ,finding a piece
 of an old sail1 he carried it to a     
boathouse1 and here1 from the picture on
 his thumb nail1 he drew on the piece of
 sail the portrait of the minister4     

,then he painted it1 using common paint 
such as is used to paint boats4 ,joshua 
was only eleven years old1 and had      
finished his first oil painting4 ,his   
father had wanted him to be a doctor1   
but after seeing this picture he decided
 to let ,joshua have his own way and be 
a painter4 ,he sent him to a good       
teacher1 and lived to see his son a     
great artist4   ,questions about the    
artist4 ,who painted this picture8 ,what
 did ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds like to do  
when he was a boy8 ,who was his teacher8
 ,how did he spoil his number paper8    
,why was his father disappointed8 ,how  
many brothers and sisters did he have8  
,on what did they draw8 ,with what did  
they draw8 ,how old was ,joshua when he 
drew the picture of the schoolhouse8    
,what did his father say when he saw    
this picture8 ,how did ,joshua happen to
 paint a picture of the minister8 ,on   
what did he make his first sketch8      
,where did he finish the picture8 ,on   
what did he paint it8 ,what kind of     

paints did he use8 ,what did ,joshua's  
father want him to be when he grew up8  
,after he had seen this picture1 what   
did he say ,joshua might be8 ,why do we 
want to remember him8     ,,the ,,first 
,,step    ,artist3 ,jean ,franois       
,millet 7zh,n fr,n sw mel7e74           
,birthplace3 ,gruchy1 ,france4   ,dates3
 ,born1 #ahad2 died1 #ahge4   ,questions
 to arouse interest4 ,what do you see in
 this picture8 ,what is the father      
doing8 ,who holds the baby8 ,what is the
 baby trying to do8 ,why is the picture 
called ,the ,first ,step8 ,how many have
 a baby brother or sister who is just   
learning to walk8 ,what has the father  
been doing8 ,why do you think so8 ,why  
did he stop8 ,what is on the ground     
beside him8 ,how is the man dressed8    
,where do these people live8 ,what      
separates the house from the garden8    
,what can you see next to the fence8    
,why do you think it is not a very warm 
day8 ,why do you like this picture8     
,the story of the picture4 ,one bright  

day in the early fall of the year1 when 
the leaves of the trees were thickest   
and the woodbine on the fence was just  
beginning to turn red1 a little child   
was fretting to go outdoors4 ,he was    
tired of staying in when all was        
beautiful outside1 and he wanted his    
mother to stop her work and take him out
 into the sunshine1 to the garden where 
his father was working4 ,and by and by  
that is just what she did4 ,putting on  
her own cap1 and a bonnet on the child's
 head1 so there would be no danger of   
his taking cold1 she carried him out to 
the old fence4  ,when the father saw    
them coming through the gate he dropped 
his spade and started to meet them4 ,the
 little boy began to wave his arms1     
impatient to reach his father4 ,then the
 mother thought this would be a good    
time to let him try to walk4 ,placing   
him on the ground1 she holds him safely 
while the father holds out his arms     
invitingly4  ,see1 the baby has stepped 
forward6 ,now the mother will let him   

try to walk alone1 keeping close behind1
 and ready to catch him if he should    
fall1 until he reaches his father's     
arms4 ,how proud they will be when their
 baby takes his first step all alone6   
,he has been creeping and crawling for a
 long time1 but now he is big enough to 
stand on his feet4  ,this family of     
hard-working peasants have little time  
for play2 they must work to keep up     
their home4 ,the father1 as you see1 has
 been digging potatoes with that heavy  
spade4 ,he will put them in his         
wheelbarrow and take them to the house4 
,perhaps he will have enough to last him
 all winter1 and some to sell1 too4     
,the potatoes he wants to keep he will  
bury in the ground4 ,in those days very 
few people had cellars in which to keep 
their vegetables4 ,instead1 they would  
dig a great hole in the ground1 line it 
with straw1 and then put the potatoes   
in1 covering them with straw and earth4 
,then1 instead of going to the grocery  
to buy potatoes as we do1 they went out 

into the yard and dug them up4          
,illustration3 ,the ,first ,step  ,no   
doubt the father made this fence1 the   
spade1 the pitchfork1 and even the      
wheelbarrow we see in the picture1 while
 the mother1 we are sure1 made all their
 clothes except the wooden shoes4       
,perhaps the father made them4  ,in     
those days the mothers could not go down
 to the store to buy the goods for their
 clothes as we do now4 ,instead they    
spun thread out of flax or wool1 and    
then wove it into cloth on a great loom 
something like the small looms we use in
 school to make rugs and hammocks4 ,this
 they usually did during the winter when
 there was less work to do1 for there   
were so many more things that had to be 
done during the summer than during the  
winter4  ,in summer they had to take    
care of the fruit just as our mothers   
do4 ,but they did not know anything     
about canning it1--they would cook it a 
long time and make preserves or else    
they would dry it4 ,they dried most of  

their fruit1 making it just like the    
dried apples1 peaches1 and apricots we  
buy at the store4  ,in ,france1 where   
this picture was painted1 the women     
worked out in the fields just like the  
men4 ,so you see how very busy they must
 have been4 ,and yet they always found  
time to love and care for their little  
children4  ,we do not know even the name
 of this baby1 or of his mother or      
father4 ,the artist1 ,millet1 thought   
that of no importance at all4 ,he did   
not even care to show us their faces1   
any more than he would care to show us  
the buttons on their clothes4 ,the      
important thing is the love and         
tenderness of this mother and father as 
they stop their work to guide1 help1 and
 encourage their baby in taking his     
first step4 ,all his life the baby will 
find them never too tired or weary to   
help him when he needs it most4         
,peasants like these1 we know1 lived in 
,france1 and as a rule they were very   
poor1 although the two in our picture   

seem thrifty and comfortable4 ,the      
trees1 even the grass growing up beside 
the fence1 seem sturdy and strong like  
the peasants to whom they belong4  ,we  
feel the strength of the father's       
extended arms1 so ready and able to     
protect this baby4 ,the mother1 too1    
will do her share4 ,even the trees seem 
to bend toward these three as if to     
assure them of their protection4  ,this 
is a simple1 homelike picture1 whose    
chief beauty lies in its strong appeal  
to our feeling of sympathy with1 and    
interest in1 these honest country       
people4   ,questions to help the pupil  
understand the picture4 ,what has the   
man been doing8 ,with what did he dig   
the potatoes8 ,where will he put them8  
,why does he not put them in the cellar8
 ,how will he keep them all winter8 ,how
 will he bury them8 ,who made these     
peasants' clothes8 the wheelbarrow1 the 
spade1 and the pitchfork8 ,why did they 
not buy them8 ,how did the mother make  
the cloth for their clothes8 ,when did  

she do this8 ,what must she do during   
the summer8 ,how did they keep their    
fruit8 ,why do you think they are a     
happy family8   ,the story of the       
artist4 ,jean ,franois ,millet was the  
son of ,french peasants who must have   
been very much like the father and      
mother in this picture4 ,but a picture  
of ,millet's boyhood would not be       
complete unless it included his         
grandmother4 ,you see1 that dear old    
lady rocked him to sleep1 played with   
him1 and kept him happy all day long    
while his mother1 like all ,french      
peasants1 worked out in the fields with 
his father4  ,it was she who was the    
first to discover that her little       
grandson liked to draw4 ,his first      
drawings were copies of pictures in his 
grandmother's old illustrated ,bible4   
,he would listen to stories read to him 
from the ,bible and then he would take a
 piece of chalk and draw a picture of   
what happened in the story4  ,soon he   
began to draw large1 bold pictures which

 covered the stone wall of their house4 
,the grandmother was much pleased6 ,she 
found a new story to read or tell him   
nearly every day4  ,of course his father
 and mother saw the pictures as soon as 
they came home1 and encouraged the boy  
as much as they could4 ,the father liked
 to draw1 too1 but he could not see why 
,millet should be making up pictures    
from imagination when there were so many
 real things to draw4 ,so he called his 
son's attention to the trees1 the       
fields1 and houses in the distance1 and 
soon the boy began to draw these1 too4  
,one ,sunday when ,millet was coming    
home from church he met an old man1 his 
back bent over a cane as he walked      
slowly along4 ,something about the bent 
figure made ,millet feel he would like  
to draw a picture of the man just as he 
looked then4 ,taking a piece of charcoal
 from his pocket1 he drew a picture of  
him from memory4 ,he drew it on a stone 
wall1 and as people passed that way they
 recognized the man4 ,all liked the     

picture very much1 and told ,millet so4 
,his father1 too1 was delighted1 and    
decided that his son should have a      
chance to become an artist4  ,one day   
the two went to an artist who lived in a
 neighboring town and showed him some of
 ,millet's sketches4 ,the artist was    
amazed1 and at first would not believe  
the boy had drawn them4 ,you may be sure
 he was glad to have this bright boy for
 a pupil4 ,but ,millet studied with him 
only two months1 when he was called home
 by the death of his father4  ,at first 
it seemed as if they needed him so much 
at home he would never be able to go on 
with his studies4 ,but soon the good    
people in the little village collected a
 sum of money and gave it to ,millet1   
telling him it was for him to use to go 
to ,paris and study4 ,millet was almost 
a grown man by this time1 and you may be
 sure he was grateful and that he worked
 very hard while in ,paris4 ,but people 
did not like his pictures1 and he was   
very poor4 ,other artists painted       

pictures of beautiful people dressed in 
fine clothes and living in rich homes1  
and so nobody cared for ,millet's poor1 
humble peasants1 dressed in their       
working clothes and doing the work they 
had to do4  ,it was not until ,millet   
was an old man that people began to     
appreciate his work4 ,now most of those 
fashionable artists of his time have    
been forgotten1 while the paintings of  
,jean ,franois ,millet have become more 
and more valuable4   ,questions about   
the artist4 ,where did the artist live8 
,who took care of ,millet when he was   
little8 ,why was his mother away from   
home so much8 ,who was the first one to 
see his drawings8 ,what did he draw8    
,what did he use to make the drawings8  
,who helped him8 how8 ,how did his      
father help him8 ,tell about the old man
 leaning on a cane4 ,where did ,millet  
draw his picture8 ,who saw it8 ,what did
 they say8 ,where did his father take   
him to study8 ,what did the artist think
 when he saw ,millet's sketches8 ,why   

did ,millet go home8 ,what did his      
neighbors do for him8 ,where did he go  
then8 ,why was he so poor there8 ,why   
did not people like his pictures8 ,what 
do people think of his pictures now8    
,a ,,fascinating ,,tale    ,artist3     
,madame ,henriette ,ronner 7rnner74     
,birthplace3 ,amsterdam1 ,holland4      
,dates3 ,born1 #ahba4 ,still living1    
#aiaf4   ,questions to arouse interest4 
,in what room are these kittens8 ,why do
 you think so8 ,where is the mother cat8
 the kittens8 ,what are they looking at8
 ,why do you think the mouse does not   
know that the kittens can see his tail8 
,which one do you think will catch the  
mouse8 ,which one has the sharpest eyes8
 ,which one looks frightened8 ,which one
 looks surprised8 ,why do you suppose   
they did not catch the mouse before it  
tried to hide8 ,if they keep very still1
 what will the mouse think8 ,what will  
he do8 ,what will happen then8 ,what is 
on the table beside the kittens8 ,what  
may happen to the ink bottle if the big 

cat jumps8 ,what is the color of these  
kittens' fur8 ,how many of you have a   
pet kitten at home8 ,which one of these 
would you rather have8 ,why is the      
picture called ,a ,fascinating ,tale8   
,the story of the picture4 ,early one   
morning two plump little kittens started
 out in search of adventure4 ,the       
library door was open1 and both little  
kittens heard a queer rustling noise on 
the big library table4 ,up on a chair   
they jumped1 then up on the table1 just 
in time to see a little mouse darting   
under some papers4 ,the mouse thought   
the kittens would not know where it was 
if it kept very still2 but there was its
 tail in plain sight4  ,the kittens were
 so frightened they did not know what to
 do4 ,they tried to remember all their  
mother had taught them about catching a 
mouse1 but they could only watch that   
tail1 scarcely breathing for fear it    
would move4 ,the mother cat came just   
then1 hunting for her kittens4 ,when she
 saw them keeping so still she knew     

there must be something the matter4  ,in
 the picture she is all ready to spring 
upon the mouse as soon as he moves1 so  
she can be sure to catch him4 ,how      
confident she looks1 and how pleased she
 is that the kittens found the mouse and
 will help her catch it6 ,the kittens   
are so excited it is doubtful whether   
they can help very much2 but if she can 
persuade one of them just to touch that 
tail1 then all will be a scramble4 ,more
 likely they will all keep so still that
 the mouse will think he is alone and   
come out4  ,illustration3 ,a            
,fascinating ,tale  ,which cat do you   
think will catch him8 ,the little white 
kitten is the more daring of the two1 as
 she stands there1 paws braced wide     
apart1 all ready to spring either toward
 the mouse or away from it4 ,she is     
quite undecided which to do4 ,the little
 black kitten wants to see all that is  
going on1 but at a safe distance4  ,how 
those books and papers will be scattered
 about when the old cat jumps for the   

mouse6 ,the ink bottle is in a very bad 
place1 although the inkstand looks as if
 it were a heavy one and would be hard  
to overturn1 even if the cat does jump  
on it4  ,did you ever watch a cat catch 
a mouse8 ,my6 how fast that mouse will  
have to run if he is to get away6       
,notice the long1 graceful1 curving body
 of the mother cat1 and how she holds   
her head alert as she plans how to catch
 the mouse4  ,although these three cats 
are all still for the moment1 we are    
made to feel that each is about to do   
something1 and we wonder just what that 
something will be4 ,notice the different
 colors of the cats' fur and of the     
books placed carelessly in a row4 ,let  
us think how this table will look in    
just a few moments4   ,a ,,fascinating  
,,tale      ,books and ink1 and kittens 
three     ,in this picture we can see   
,all upon a table wide4     ,what is    
that from them would hide8      ,little 
mouse1 your tail's too long2     ,it's  
your fault2 if they do wrong4     ,all  

these books will surely fall1     ,ink  
stains soon will cover all4      ,did   
you think that you were hid8     ,or    
perchance of them were rid8     ,don't  
you know your tail's in sight     ,of   
those kittens' eyes so bright8      ,you
 are wise to keep quite still1     ,for 
they're watching with a will4     ,maybe
 you can make them think     ,it's the  
cord that ties the ink4      ,mother    
,cat looks very wise2     ,she will know
 it by its size4     ,she has taught her
 kittens1 too1     ,just exactly what to
 do4      ,which will get you8 ,have a  
care1     ,for to lose you they'll not  
dare4     ,though they're frightened1 we
 can see     ,with her help it's you    
must flee4      ,ah1 you moved it6 ,such
 a fuss6     ,all the things are in a   
muss6     ,and they caught you1 as ,i   
thought2     ,you're a nuisance1 so they
 ought4      ,which one did it8 ,i can't
 tell4     ,all ,i know is1 something   
fell4     ,but they all look very proud1
     ,and their purr is very loud4      

,questions to help the pupil understand 
the picture4 ,how did the kittens happen
 to find the mouse8 ,how did they get up
 on the table8 ,where did the mouse try 
to hide8 ,why was that not a good place8
 ,what were the kittens afraid of8 ,who 
came to help them8 ,what did she do8    
,how does she look8 ,which kitten is the
 more daring8 ,what is between the black
 kitten and the mouse8 ,what will very  
likely happen to the books and papers8  
,which way do you think the white kitten
 will jump8 the mother cat8 ,which one  
will catch the mouse8   ,to the         
,teacher3 ,encourage the children to    
talk about their own pets at home1 and  
to draw pictures of them4 ,the drawings 
may not be good in themselves1 but such 
practice will make the children more    
observant1 and so prepare the way for   
better drawing later4   ,the story of   
the artist4 ,madame ,ronner1 the woman  
who painted this picture1 was very fond 
of cats1 as you can easily imagine4 ,she
 had a very large cage made for her     

pets1 with wire over the top and glass  
for the sides4 ,she had the sides made  
of glass so that she could always watch 
the cats when she painted1 no matter in 
what part of the cage they happened to  
be2 and of course the top was of wire so
 they could have plenty of air4 ,the    
floor of the cage was well cushioned1   
and there were several hanging bobs for 
the cats to play with4  ,her father was 
an artist1 and he1 although blind1 was  
her only teacher in drawing and         
painting4 ,she would describe her       
pictures to him1 and he would criticize 
and tell her how to improve them4  ,when
 she was only sixteen years old she     
exhibited her first picture1 which she  
called ,cats in the ,window4 ,the       
picture received a great deal of praise 
and was sold immediately4 ,every one    
supposed she would paint more pictures  
of cats1 because she could paint them so
 well1 but for some reason she began to 
paint dogs instead4 ,her dog pictures   
won much popularity also and for many   

years she supported herself and her     
blind father by her paintings of dogs4  
,after her father's death she married   
and moved from ,amsterdam to ,brussels1 
where she again became interested in    
painting cats4 ,it was then that she did
 her best work4 ,one of her best        
pictures painted at that time was ,a    
,fascinating ,tale4  ,madame ,ronner had
 so much care and trouble all her life1 
it is a wonder she could paint such     
bright1 happy pictures4 ,she was very   
poor much of her life1 and had not only 
the care and support of her blind father
 but later on of an invalid husband and 
several little children4 ,still with it 
all she must have found time for a      
frolic with these fluffy little kittens1
 to have known just how to paint them at
 their best4  ,her little children must 
have liked to play with them1 too4      
,questions about the artist4 ,who       
painted this picture8 ,who taught her to
 draw and paint8 ,how could he1 when he 
was blind8 ,what other animals did      

,madame ,ronner paint besides cats8     
,which did she paint the better8 ,what  
makes you think she must have liked     
cats8 ,where did she put them when she  
wanted to paint them8 ,why did the cage 
have glass sides8 ,why did it have wire 
over the top8 the soft cushions on the  
floor8 ,what did she have for the cats  
to play with8     ,a ,,helping ,,hand   
,original ,picture3 ,corcoran ,gallery1 
,washington1                            
,d4,c4   ,artist3 ,emile ,renouf 7re    
noof74   ,birthplace3 ,paris1 ,france4  
,dates3 ,born1 #ahde2 died1 #ahid4      
,questions to arouse interest4 ,of what 
is this a picture8 ,where are this man  
and little girl8 ,where do you think    
they are going8 ,what do you suppose the
 man does for a living8 why8 ,how is he 
dressed8 ,what makes you think he loves 
the little girl8 ,for what is the long  
pole with the rope around it used8 ,how 
is the man guiding the boat now8 ,what  
do you see ahead that he is trying to   
turn away from8 ,what is the little girl

 doing8 ,how is she dressed8 ,why do you
 think she cannot help very much8 ,what 
kind of a boat is it8 ,what else do you 
see in the boat8 in the picture8 ,why is
 it called ,a ,helping ,hand8   ,the    
story of the picture4 ,when we go       
fishing for a few hours or half a day we
 think it great fun1 but a real         
fisherman1 who earns his living that    
way1 has to work very hard4 ,fishermen  
usually start out at four or five       
o'clock in the morning1 and do not come 
home again until late at night4         
,sometimes they go away for several     
days1 fishing night and day4  ,very     
probably this little girl is not awake  
mornings when her father eats his       
breakfast and starts out4 ,he wears a   
rain-proof hat and heavy coat1 for one  
never can tell what the weather will be 
out on the water4 ,he must take a good  
lunch with him1 too1 for he is sure to  
get hungry4 ,the mother will see that   
the lunch is ready4  ,when the wind is  
blowing in the right direction he puts  

up the heavy pole you see in the center 
of the boat1 lets out the sail1 and     
tightens the rope4 ,then1 with a good   
wind1 how fast he can go6 ,he knows just
 where each kind of fish likes to stay1 
and goes straight to the very best      
place4 ,here he drops his heavy iron    
anchor into the water4 ,this anchor is  
fastened to the boat and keeps it from  
drifting4 ,sometimes the fish do not    
bite at all1 and he has very few to     
carry home after his hard day's work4   
,then again his great boat is filled    
full of shiny fish4 ,fisherman's luck1  
that is called4  ,he probably uses that 
net with the long wooden handle to help 
him catch the big fish4 ,he may have    
used it also to catch his minnows for   
bait4 ,no doubt he catches all the      
minnows he needs before he starts1      
because they live in the shallow water  
near the shore and it is easier to catch
 them there4  ,some fishermen use very  
long nets1 something like those you see 
on a tennis court1 only wider and       

stronger4 ,it takes several men to      
manage them4 ,the fish get tangled up in
 the net1 and then it is very easy to   
catch them4  ,illustration3 ,from a     
,thistle ,print1 ,copyright ,detroit    
,publishing ,co4  ,a ,helping ,hand  ,a 
flat-bottomed boat is the best for      
fishing1 they say4 ,you can move about  
in it without much danger of tipping    
over1 and it holds more4 ,the fish often
 think it is a wharf or a good cool     
place under which to hide1 and you can  
catch them easily4  ,very likely this   
little girl has never been out with her 
father on one of his long trips1 for it 
would be much too tiresome for so small 
a girl4 ,it would seem1 rather1 as if he
 had finished his day's work1 and was   
taking his little daughter with him on  
some short errand4 ,perhaps they are on 
their way home1 and there is something  
in that sack the mother needs4 ,just now
 there is no wind1 or it is not in the  
right direction1 for they do not use the
 sail4  ,can you see the other oar8 ,it 

must be in the bottom of the boat4 ,the 
man must row hard with the oar he is    
pulling at or they will run into that   
great rock you see ahead4  ,it looks as 
if those little sailboats far off in the
 distance are standing still4 ,perhaps  
they have no oars1 and are waiting for  
the wind to come up and blow them home4 
,if they were anchored the sails would  
be rolled up and put away4 ,a good      
sailor must take good care of his boat  
and sails4 ,if a sail is not stretched  
out in the sun and allowed to dry after 
a heavy dew or rain1 it will rot and    
soon fall to pieces4  ,a sailor knows   
how to tie a very tight knot which is   
called a sailor's knot4 ,he needs to    
know how to tie this1 for if the knots  
are not tight and his rope should come  
untied1 or anything give way when there 
is a heavy wind1 the boat would very    
likely be overturned4  ,the little girl 
looks as if she were putting all her    
strength into those tiny hands that     
cannot near go around the oar4 ,how     

pleased her father seems to be to have  
her try to help him6 ,he knows she is   
doing the best she can1 and he lets her 
think she is helping row the boat4 ,it  
must help him somewhat1 just to know    
that she is trying so hard and wants to 
help4  ,she must slip about on that seat
 every time the oar moves1 for her feet 
do not touch the bottom of the boat4    
,she will be tired when she reaches     
home1 and warm too1 no doubt4  ,they    
will not lose their hats even if the    
wind does blow1 for the little girl's   
bonnet is tied under her chin1 and her  
father has pulled his rubber hat tight  
over his head4 ,often1 when he is out   
fishing on the deep sea1 the spray      
dashes over the fisherman's boat1 and he
 is glad to have a rubber hat and coat  
to wear4  ,the little girl wears a large
 handkerchief around her neck1 fastened 
under her arms4 ,what do you think is in
 the pockets of her apron to make them  
puff out so8 ,it must be in the summer  
time1 or she would surely wear a coat   

and rubber boots4 ,what a big1 heavy    
boat it is6 ,no wonder it takes such a  
large oar to row it4   ,questions to    
help the pupil understand the picture4  
,tell something about a fisherman's day4
 ,when does he start8 ,how does he go8  
,where8 ,how does he keep his boat from 
drifting while he fishes8 ,what is meant
 by fisherman's luck8 ,what is his net  
for8 ,what makes you think the fisherman
 is going home now8 ,why does he not use
 his sail8 ,why does he have a          
flat-bottomed boat8 ,how does a good    
sailor care for his boat and sails8     
,what is a sailor's knot8 ,of what use  
is it8 ,why does the fisherman wear a   
rubber hat and coat8 ,how many think the
 little girl is helping8 ,why do you    
think her father is so pleased to have  
her try8 ,what has she on her head8     
around her neck8 ,what time of the year 
do you think it is8   ,to the ,teacher3 
,the children might be allowed to draw  
or cut out a sailboat and a fisherman's 
hat4   ,the story of the artist4 ,very  

little is known about the boyhood of the
 man who painted this picture4 ,his     
paintings were usually of fisherfolk1   
and of boats on the water4 ,we know that
 in #ahhf he came to ,america and spent 
one year in ,new ,york ,city4 ,it was   
during this time that he painted his    
picture of ,brooklyn ,bridge1 now in the
 museum in ,le ,havre1 the town in      
,france where he died4 ,a ,helping ,hand
 is the most popular of his pictures1   
and may be seen in the ,corcoran        
,gallery at ,washington1 ,d4,c4         
,questions about the artist4 ,who       
painted this picture8 ,what class of    
people did he like to paint8 ,what did  
he paint during his visit to ,america8  
,where may this picture be seen8        
,,the ,,strawberry ,,girl    ,original  
,picture3 ,wallace ,collection1 ,london1
 ,england4   ,artist3 ,sir ,joshua      
,reynolds 7r7en7uldz74   ,birthplace3   
,plympton1 ,devonshire1 ,england4       
,dates3 ,born1 #agbc2 died1 #agib4      
,questions to arouse interest4 ,what do 

you see in this picture8 ,where do you  
think she is going8 ,what has she on her
 arm8 ,what is it for8 ,why do you      
suppose she stands so still8 ,do you    
think she looks frightened1 or shy8     
,what has she on her head8 ,how is she  
dressed8 ,how is she holding her hands8 
,why would she not carry strawberries in
 her apron8 ,what can you see behind    
her8 ,how many of you like this picture8
   ,the story of the picture4 ,we all   
know the story about the great artist1  
,sir ,joshua ,reynolds1 and his picture 
called ,angels' ,heads4 ,we know1 too1  
how very fond of children he was1 and   
how much they liked to go to see him4   
,having no children of his own1 perhaps 
he would not have understood them so    
well if his little niece had not come to
 live with him when she was a very      
little girl4 ,her name was ,theophila   
,palmer1 but every one called her ,offy4
 ,when her father died the family was   
left very poor1 and so ,sir ,joshua     
,reynolds wanted to help her mother1 who

 was his sister4 ,he offered to adopt   
,offy as his own little daughter and to 
take her home to live with him and his  
sister in his great house in ,london4   
,after living on a farm out in the      
country all her life1 you can imagine   
how excited ,offy was when it was       
finally decided that she should go4 ,her
 uncle came for her in that same big    
coach or carriage in which little       
,frances ,isabelle ,gordon liked so much
 to ride4  ,what a fine time she must   
have had playing in the great yard with 
,sir ,joshua1 and with the children who 
came to him to have their pictures      
painted6 ,very often she would go home  
to see her mother and sister4 ,then ,sir
 ,joshua would send his carriage to     
bring them all back for a visit with    
him4 ,what fun it was to show them all  
around the great house and yard6 ,there 
were fine1 large trees in the yard1 and 
behind the house was a small garden with
 a strawberry patch at one end4  ,one   
bright spring morning ,offy woke up with

 a beautiful plan in her head4 ,she     
would surprise her uncle4 ,he had been  
so very busy she felt sure he had not   
looked at the strawberry bed for several
 days1 and did not know the berries were
 ripe4 ,she would take her little basket
 and pick it full of the largest ones   
for him4  ,illustration3 ,the           
,strawberry ,girl  ,it was great fun    
hunting for them1 and her basket was    
almost full when suddenly she heard     
steps4 ,it was her uncle and two strange
 men who walked with him4 ,she did not  
have time to hide1 but stood there with 
her basket on her arm1 waiting to hear  
what they would say4  ,at first she     
thought her uncle was going to scold    
her1 and that is why she looks so shy   
and half afraid4 ,but no1 ,sir ,joshua  
soon guessed why she was picking the    
strawberries1 and he was very glad he   
could offer some to his friends4 ,one of
 the men called ,offy the little        
strawberry girl1 and kept her with him  
all the rest of the day4  ,sir ,joshua  

seemed to like to look at her that day1 
and she was not surprised the next      
morning when he asked her to bring the  
basket and come into his studio1 for he 
wanted to paint her picture4 ,she had   
had her picture painted several times   
before1 and knew just about what he     
would want her to do4  ,but this time he
 had a surprise for her4 ,it was a large
 mirror which he placed in such a way   
that she could look in it and see every 
stroke of his pencil and brush as he    
painted her4 ,he had her stand just as  
she did when he surprised her out in the
 strawberry patch4  ,as she watched him 
paint he talked to her about the garden 
and the strawberries4 ,then she told him
 how she used to gather wild            
strawberries out in the country1 and    
that she and her sister and brother     
started very early in the morning       
because they wanted to find them while  
they were still wet with dew4 ,there was
 one place not far from their house     
where there were many rocks1 and one    

that was very large4 ,the very largest1 
sweetest berries grew in the shade of   
this great rock4 ,the children used to  
try to see who would reach it first2    
then they would divide the berries they 
found1 for there were only a few of     
them1 and all wanted a taste4  ,as ,offy
 told about the rock ,sir ,joshua       
,reynolds sketched it in the background 
of his picture1 just as he thought it   
must have looked4  ,the little girl     
looks as if she had just started away   
with her basket of berries when we      
stopped her to take her picture4 ,she is
 looking straight at us1 with her head  
bent forward a little as she smiles     
shyly at us with her big eyes4 ,her     
basket1 cap1 and dress seem strange to  
us1 for little girls do not dress that  
way now4 ,she looks quaint and          
old-fashioned as she stands there1 with 
her hands clasped so primly4 ,but one   
glance at her face tells us that she is 
just a merry1 happy little child1 ready 
to dart away at any moment for a romp in

 the woods we can see in the distance4  
,sir ,joshua ,reynolds always said that 
this was the best child's picture he    
ever painted4  ,offy was very happy in  
his home1 and lived there until she grew
 up and married4 ,then when she had a   
little girl of her own she let her visit
 ,sir ,joshua and have her picture      
painted1 too4 ,it is ,offy's little     
daughter we see in the picture called   
,simplicity4 ,her name was ,offy1 too4  
,with so many lovely pictures of        
children it is no wonder ,sir ,joshua   
,reynolds was called the ,prince of     
,child ,painters4   ,questions to help  
the pupil understand the picture4 ,who  
painted this picture8 ,what other       
picture of his have we studied8 ,who can
 tell something about ,sir ,joshua      
,reynolds8 ,what little girl came to    
live with him8 ,how did she happen to   
come8 ,where had she lived8 ,who brought
 her1 and how8 ,tell about ,sir ,joshua 
,reynolds's house and yard4 ,where was  
the strawberry patch8 ,what did ,offy   

plan to do to surprise her uncle8 ,what 
happened8 ,what did one of the men call 
,offy8 ,what did her uncle do the next  
morning8 ,how was ,offy surprised8 ,of  
what use was the mirror8 ,tell how ,offy
 gathered strawberries in the country4  
,where did the largest berries grow8    
,why did ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds paint   
the rock in the picture8 ,what did he   
say about this picture8 ,what became of 
,offy8 ,why do you think ,sir ,joshua   
,reynolds liked to paint this little    
girl8   ,to the ,teacher3 ,illustrate   
the story of a little girl picking      
strawberries4 ,use charcoal and manila  
paper4 ,ask some child to pose for the  
picture1 and encourage the children to  
draw a background that tells the story4 
,the story of the artist4 ,the great    
room or studio in which ,sir ,joshua    
,reynolds painted was a wonderful place 
for a child to visit4 ,in it one could  
find all kinds of toys1 as well as birds
 and other pets4 ,most of the children  
who came to see ,sir ,joshua were of    

very wealthy families1 but he did not   
care for that4 ,he always asked their   
mothers to please let them wear their   
oldest clothes so they could have a good
 time4 ,in fact1 he did not like fine   
clothes1 and usually the children in his
 pictures are dressed so simply you     
cannot tell whether they are rich or    
poor4 ,he played games with them and    
told them stories4 ,they were always    
sure of a good time and so no wonder    
they liked to visit him4  ,many artists 
have been poor1 and have had to work    
very hard just to earn enough to eat1   
but ,sir ,joshua was not one of these4  
,he was fortunate in being able to sell 
all his pictures as fast as he could    
paint them and so always had plenty of  
money4  ,many strange stories are told  
of ,joshua's father because he was such 
an absent-minded man4 ,one day he rode  
to town on horseback4 ,he was wearing   
high-topped boots which were so loose   
that one fell off while he was riding   
along4 ,he did not notice it at all1 for

 he was thinking of something else4 ,but
 when he reached town and got off his   
horse he was very much surprised and    
embarrassed to find himself wearing only
 one boot4  ,when ,sir ,joshua went to  
,london to learn how to paint he wrote  
to his father1 ,while ,i am doing this1 
,i am the happiest creature alive4      
,after he had been away several years he
 met a young sailor1 ,admiral ,keppel1  
who invited him to go on a long sail on 
the ,mediterranean ,sea4 ,this was a    
great opportunity for ,sir ,joshua1 and 
he was glad to go4 ,he spent some time  
in ,italy1 and when he came home he     
painted a portrait of his friend1       
,admiral ,keppel1 which every one       
admired4 ,it was this picture that first
 made him famous4   ,questions about the
 artist4 ,tell about ,sir ,joshua       
,reynolds's studio4 ,why did children   
like to visit him8 ,how did he wish them
 to dress8 why8 ,tell about his father  
and the boot4 ,was ,sir ,joshua         
,reynolds rich or poor8 ,when he was    

away from home1 learning to paint1 what 
did he write to his father8 ,tell about 
,admiral ,keppel and his picture4       
,,the ,,return ,,to ,,the ,,farm        
,original ,picture3 ,the ,louvre        
7loovr'71 ,paris1 ,france4   ,artist3   
,constant ,troyon 7trwyn7   ,birthplace3
 ,svres 7,svr'71 ,france4   ,dates3     
,born1 #ahaj2 died1 #ahfe4   ,questions 
to arouse interest4 ,what do you see in 
this picture8 ,where are the animals    
going8 ,where do you think they have    
been8 ,who is driving them8 ,what time  
of day do you think it is8 ,do you think
 it is a warm or a cold day8 why8 ,which
 is the leader of the sheep8 ,notice the
 knees of the animals4 ,what do they    
show8 ,where is the donkey8 ,why does   
the dog seem so anxious8 ,from what     
direction are the animals coming8 ,see  
if you can find any two sheep just      
alike4 ,what can you see in the         
distance8 ,where is the shady part in   
the picture8 ,do you like this picture8 
,the story of the picture4 ,it is at the

 close of day2 the cows1 the sheep1 and 
the donkey have been out in the pasture 
all day1 and when the dog and his master
 came for them they were ready to start 
for home4  ,we can hardly see the man in
 the picture4 ,he is walking along the  
river bank farther back4 ,perhaps he is 
walking slowly so as to give the cows   
time to wade out into that cool little  
pond1 where they can drink and refresh  
themselves4 ,but the dog feels that he  
must look after them1 so he tries his   
best to keep them out of the water4     
,that one dark cow has just about made  
up her mind to follow the others into   
the water1 and the dog is barking at    
her1 trying to persuade her not to go4  
,the cow just leaving the water turns   
around to call the rest1 half wishing to
 go back herself4 ,when the man comes   
along they will know it is time for them
 to be on their way again4  ,the dog has
 an anxious time of it1 for he never    
knows when the sheep1 too1 may see a    
green field and start away from the road

 in spite of him4 ,even now one is      
looking away from the leader4  ,the     
donkey seems to be following along very 
quietly4 ,it may be that the man has    
stayed behind to look after him1 or     
perhaps there are more cattle coming    
around the curve in the road1 or        
stopping to rest in the deep shade of   
those heavy trees4  ,this picture was   
painted in ,france1 but it might well   
have been done in our own country1 for  
we have all seen grass-covered1 shady   
roads like this one1 and just such a    
group of animals4 ,is it not strange    
that1 although all the animals in the   
road are coming toward us1 no two are in
 the same position8  ,illustration3 ,the
 ,return to the ,farm  ,the sun is      
steadily going down2 soon all the       
animals will be at home1 the cows will  
be milked1 the sheep safe in the fold1  
and the donkey in his stall4 ,then the  
good old dog will be glad to have his   
supper and lie down and rest4 ,it is    
wonderful how much a dog can help on a  

farm1 and how many steps he saves the   
farmer by his willing1 cheerful help4   
,it is very unusual indeed to find a    
farmer without a dog4  ,if you look at  
the long shadows on the road of the     
sheep and the cows you can tell easily  
in what direction they are going so late
 in the afternoon4  ,constant ,troyon1  
the man who painted this picture1       
delighted in painting groups of animals 
coming toward us4 ,no matter where we   
stand1 so long as we can see them1 they 
are coming to meet us4 ,it makes us feel
 as if we must step aside and let them  
pass1 they are so real4   ,questions to 
help the pupil understand the picture4  
,who goes after the cows and sheep8     
,where will they find them8 ,where is   
the man in the picture8 ,why do you     
suppose he is walking slowly8 ,what does
 the dog think he must do8 ,what is he  
trying to persuade that dark cow not to 
do8 ,what does the cow which is just    
leaving the water seem to want to do8   
,why does the dog look so worried8      

,where was this picture painted8 ,where 
have you seen a road that looks like    
this8 ,what will probably happen when   
these cows and sheep reach home8 ,of    
what use is the dog8 ,why do most       
farmers have a dog8 ,how can a dog help 
his master in the city8 ,in what        
direction are the cows and sheep going8 
,what makes you think so8   ,the story  
of the artist4 ,when ,constant ,troyon  
was a little boy he used to love to go  
to visit his father at the big factory  
where all kinds of china and pottery    
were made4 ,he liked to watch the men   
decorate the china1 and as soon as he   
was old enough he went into the factory 
and learned how to do it himself4 ,this 
was the way he first learned how to     
draw4  ,he was not long content with    
china painting1 however1 and soon began 
painting large pictures of places he    
cared about near home4 ,he would take   
his paints and search out just the place
 he liked to paint2 then he would stay  
there all day long1 as happy as could   

be4  ,at first he painted just because  
he liked to1 and did not try to paint   
pictures to sell or to please others1   
for he earned all the money he needed in
 the porcelain factory4 ,after a while  
his friends persuaded him to exhibit his
 paintings so that all the people could 
see them1 and when he did so he was     
amazed to find that every one admired   
them1 and that he had become very       
popular4  ,of a powerful frame1 he could
 be seen tramping about in all kinds of 
weather4 ,he made friends wherever he   
went1 for he was always good-natured and
 kind-hearted4 ,people usually speak of 
him as a painter of cattle1 but he      
painted quite as many pictures of sheep 
and dogs4   ,questions about the artist4
 ,who painted this picture8 ,what did he
 like to paint best8 ,where did         
,constant ,troyon learn to draw8 ,what  
was made at his father's factory8 ,what 
did ,troyon do when he was old enough8  
,where did he paint his large pictures8 
,why did he paint8 ,how did people like 

his pictures8 ,how did they like him8   
,what other animals did he like to paint
 besides cattle8     ,,the ,,suggestions
 ,,to ,,teachers   ,studying the        
picture4 ,several days before the lesson
 is to be taken up1 the picture to be   
studied should be placed where every    
pupil can see it4  ,first of all1 the   
children should find out for themselves 
what is in the picture4 ,the questions  
accompanying the story of each picture  
are intended to help them to do this4   
,language work4 ,the pupils should be   
encouraged in class to talk freely and  
naturally4 ,in this way the lesson      
becomes a language exercise in which the
 pupils will gain in freedom of         
expression and in the ability to form   
clear mental images4  ,if a lesson does 
not occupy the entire drawing period1   
the children should be asked to retell  
the story of the picture4               
,dramatization and drawing4 ,most of the
 stories told by the pictures lend      
themselves readily to dramatization and1

 whenever practicable1 such stories     
should be acted out4 ,the stories also  
offer numerous interesting situations   
that may be used as subjects for drawing
 lessons4   ,the review lesson4 ,the    
review lesson should cover all pictures 
and artists studied throughout the year4
 ,at this time other pictures available 
by the same artists should be on        
exhibition4  ,the review work may be    
conducted as a contest in which the     
pictures are held up1 one at a time1    
while the class writes the name of the  
picture and the artist on slips of paper
 which have been prepared and numbered  
for that purpose4 ,one teacher who used 
this device surprised her class by      
presenting those whose lists were       
correct with their choice of any of the 
large-sized ,perry pictures studied4    
,many teachers1 however1 will prefer to 
use this time for composition work1     
although the description of pictures is 
often given as an ,english lesson4      
,pupils may write a description of their

 favorite picture4 ,in fact1 the lessons
 can be made to correlate with history1 
geography1 ,english1 spelling1 reading1 
or nature study4  ,in any event the real
 purpose of the work is that the pupils 
shall become so familiar with the       
pictures that they will recognize them  
as old friends whenever and wherever    
they may see them4  ,it is hoped that   
acquaintance with the picture and the   
interest awakened by its story will grow
 into a fuller appreciation and         
understanding of the artist's work4     
,thus the children will have many happy 
hours and will learn to love the good1  
the true1 and the beautiful in          
everything about them4                  
,transcriber's ,note3   99 ,text        
enclosed between equal signs was in bold
 face in the original 7bold74  99 ,some 
words have accents of different weights4
 ,the heavier accent is marked double   
7''74 7,example3 bo'nur''7  99 ,pg #ba  
,pronunciation guide for 7zh,n fr,n sw  
mel7e7 presents a ,latin letter small   

capital ,n1 a voiced uvular nasal4  99  
,pg #cg ,emile ,renouf 7re noof7 and ,pg
 #ea ,louvre 7loovr'7 contains oo       
representing a long oo sound not        
represented in any charts4  99 ,pg #da  
,changed where to ,where in ,how does he
 go8 where84