,libr>ies47          ,,notes ,,on       
,,/able ,,managem5t4       ,,notes ,,on 
,,/able ,,managem5t   ,,9 ,,india ,,&   
,,! ,,colonies4     ,,by                
,,vety4-,,capt4 ,j4 ,a4 ,,nunn1         
,f4,r4,c4,v4,s41 ,c4,i4,e41 ,d4,s4,o41  
,,army ,,vet]9>y ,,dep>tm5t1   ,,late   
,,pr9cipal ,,lahore ,,vet]9>y ,,college4
     ,,second ,,edition1 ,,revis$ ,,&   
,,enl>g$1   ,,) ,a ,,gloss>y4           
,,london3   ,w4 ,,?ack]  ,,co41 #b1     
,,cre$ ,,lane4   ,,calcutta3 ,,?ack]1   
,,sp9k  ,,co4   #ahig4    ,all rights   
res]v$4      ,,london3   ,,pr9t$ ,,by   
,,william ,,cl[es ,,& ,,sons1 ,,limit$1 
,,/am=d ,,/reet ,,& ,,*>+ ,,cross4      
,,preface4   ,! fir/ edition ( ^! notes1
 :i* 0 writt5 9 ,india1 hav+ be5 sold   
out 9 a mu* %ort] space ( "t ?an ,i ev] 
anticipat$ :5 ,i wrote x1 ,i am induc$  
to (f] ?is to ! public4 ,! scope ( !    
orig9al pamphlet has be5 adh]$ to1 & all
 t is aim$ at is to give ! new arrival 9
 ! ,ea/ "s idea z to ! managem5t ( 8    
horses1 especially ^? :o are sett+ up a 

/able = ! fir/ "t4 ,! fir/ edition 0    
writt5 9 ,india = ,anglo-,indians1 :o   
are famili> ) native t]ms2 b to ?is1 be+
 publi%$ 9 ,engl&1 ,i h add$ a gloss>y (
 ! m ord9>y ,h9du/ani words likely to be
 ( use4 ,! spell+ ( ^! w be probably    
f\nd fault ) by ! ,ori5tal s*ol>2 b ,i h
 endeav\r$ to br+ x z ne> ! s\nd z      
possible1 z x is only int5d$ = p]sons 9 
absolute ignorance ( ! v]nacul>4 ,!re   
appe>+ to be a dem& = ! book 9 !        
colonies1 at ! sugge/ion ( ! publi%]s ,i
 h add$ a few rem>ks on ,au/ralia & ,s\?
 ,africa4 ,! entire "w has be5 rewritt51
 & ! matt] conta9$ is ! result ( my own 
p]sonal obs]vations dur+ eighte5 ye>s'  
s]vice 9 ,india & ! colonies at bo?     
milit>y & civil duties4  ,,jo%ua ,a4    
,,nunn4    ,,london1     ,m>*1 #ahig4   
,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,fir/ ,,edition4    
,! foll[+ notes on ,/able ,managem5t 7  
orig9ally deliv]$ 9 a lecture to !      
,(fic]s1 ,non-,commission$ ,(fic]s1 &   
,troop]s ( ! ,punjab ,light ,horse1 & z 
!y 7 consid]$ by ! memb]s ( ! corps to  

be useful1 at _! reque/ ,i h put !m on  
pap]4 ,!re is no attempt at any?+ beyond
 ! mo/ elem5t>y rudim5ts ( horse-keep+ 9
 ,india1 & all !y are int5d$ = is to    
give volunte]s ( m\nt$ corps1 :o h n    
previ\sly own$ horses1 "s slight idea z 
to :at %\ld be done = ! c>e ( _! *>g]s1 
& n leave !m entirely 9 ! h&s ( native  
syces & horse-keep]s4  ,,jo%ua ,a4      
,,nunn4    ,,lahore1     ,decemb]1      
#ahie4     ,,cont5ts4                   
,,page  ,,food4    ,gram                
#a   ,b>ley                             
#f   ,bran                              
#g   ,bran ,ma%                         
#i   ,oats                              
#i   ,maize                             
#aa   ,:eat                             
#ac   ,rice                             
#ad   ,millet                           
#ae   ,pulses                           
#ae   ,l9se$                            
#af   ,l9se$ ,cake                      
#ag   ,black ,gram                      
#ah   ,prep>ation ( ,food               

#ah   ,horses refus+ ,food              
#ai   ,times ( ,fe$+                    
#bj   ,bolt+ ,food                      
#ba   ,spill+ ,food on ,gr\nd           
#bb   ,grass                            
#bb   ,*urrie                           
#be   ,bhoosa                           
#be   ,bamboo ,leaves                   
#bg   ,oat ,hay ,=age                   
#bh   ,hay                              
#bi   ,gre5 ,food                       
#cb   ,gre5 ,gram                       
#cc   ,c>rots                           
#cd   ,luc]ne                           
#cd   ,gu9ea ,grass                     
#ch   ,sug> ,cane                       
#ch   ,turnips                          
#ci   ,salt                             
#ci   ,tonics                           
#dj   ,horses n ,fe$+                   
#da   ,damag$ ,food                     
#db   ,irregul> ,tee?                   
#db   ,"y ,horses ,cutt+ ,tee?          
#dd   ,quidd+                           
#dd   ,indige/ion                       

#de   ,lampas                           
#de   ,nose-bags                        
#df   ,mang]s                           
#dg   ,worms                            
#dh   ,rubb+ ! ,tail                    
#di   ,sc\r+                            
#di   ,,wat]4    ,wat]                  
#ea   ,times ( ,wat]+                   
#eb   ,wat]+ ,tr\ghs                    
#ec   ,wat]+ on a ,j\rney               
#ec   ,wat]+ aft] a ,j\rney             
#ed   ,wat]+ ,bridles                   
#ed   ,lee*es                           
#ee   ,wells                            
#ef   ,,air ,,& ,,v5tilation4    ,/ables
                                        
#eh   ,*icks                            
#fj   ,/able ,floors                    
#fa   ,*>coal                           
#fb   ,picket+                          
#fb   ,b$d+                             
#fc   ,sawdu/                           
#fd   ,%av+s                            
#fe   ,s&                               
#fe   ,horses eat+ ,b$d+                

#fe   ,ex]cise                          
#ff   ,,groom+1 ,,/able ,,ge>1 ,,etc4   
,heel ,ropes                            
#fi   ,head ,ropes                      
#gb   ,fetlock ,picket+                 
#gc   ,picket+ ,po/s                    
#gc   ,r++                              
#gd   ,rheims                           
#ge   ,knee-halt]+                      
#ge   ,%ackles                          
#ge   ,picket+-pegs                     
#gf   ,lead+-ropes                      
#gg   ,bru%es & ,ge>                    
#gh   ,curry-combs                      
#gh   ,buckets                          
#gi   ,du/]s                            
#gi   ,ho(-pick]                        
#hj   ,clo?+                            
#hj   ,hoods                            
#ha   ,body-roll]s                      
#hb   ,b&ages                           
#hc   ,summ] ,clo?+                     
#hd   ,eye ,fr+es                       
#hd   ,fly ,:isks                       
#he   ,clean+ ,horse ,clo?+1 & ,/or+ x 9

 ! ,summ]   #he   ,numdahs              
#hf   ,groom+                           
#hg   ,wisps & ,groom+ ,pads            
#hi   ,h&-rubb+                         
#ij   ,wa%+                             
#ia   ,unev5 ,manes                     
#ia   ,hogg$ ,manes                     
#ib   ,ragg$ ,legs                      
#ic   ,trimm+ ,tails                    
#id   ,clipp+                           
#id   ,clean+ ! ,%ea?                   
#ie   ,lights 9 ,/able                  
#if   ,fires 9 ,v]&ahs                  
#if   ,,saddl]y1 ,,h>ness1 ,,c>riages   
,,& ,,s]vants4    ,saddles & ,h>ness    
#ig   ,saddle ,cov]s                    
#ih   ,bridles                          
#ii   ,h>ness                           
#ii   ,c>riages                         
#ajj   ,s]vants                         
#aja   ,,%oe+                           
#ajf     ,,/able ,,managem5t4           
,,food4   ,gram 7*unnah74  ,9 ! nor? (  
,india ! *ief food on :i* horses are f$ 
is gram1 ! se$ ( "o ( ! pea tribe (     

plants4 ,x is a crop t rip5s 9 ! beg9n+ 
( ! summ]1 :5 x is h>ve/$1 & ! gra9     
?ra%$ out by driv+ cattle ov] x 9 a     
circle4 ,! dry /alks1 t are brok5 up    
into small pieces1 are us$ = fe$+ cattle
 on1 & are kn[n z missa bhoosa1 9       
contradi/9ction to ! /alks ( ! :eat :5  
submitt$ to ! same process1 & :i* is    
kn[n z suffaid1 or :ite bhoosa4 ,! price
 ( gram v>ies v greatly1 accord+ to !   
locality & season1 & is a subject ( mu* 
speculation & gambl+ among/ ! native    
community4 ,i h kn[n x z high z #g se]s 
7#ad lbs4 weight71 & z l[ z a maund 7#hj
 lbs4 weight71 p] rupee4 ,x also v>ies  
greatly 9 quality1 dep5d+ on ! locality 
9 :i* x is gr[n & ! conditions "u :i* x 
has be5 h>ve/$1 & is by native          
gra9-sell]s kn[n z fir/ & second class  
gram4 ,good gram1 :5 a small quantity is
 tak5 up & exam9$ 9 ! palm ( ! h&1 %\ld 
be free f s&1 dirt1 small pieces ( /ick1
 /raws1 or o!r sorts ( se$s2 9 fact1 x  
%\ld1 :at is kn[n 9 ! trade1 run clean4 
,ea* individual gra9 %\ld be r\nd &     

plump1 z if ! husk 0 well fill$4 ,x %\ld
 n be %rivell$ up & wr9kl$1 & be free f 
worm or weevil m>ks1 :i* c be told by   
!re be+ a small r\nd hole 9 x1 & ! gra91
 :5 crack$1 be+ f\nd holl[$ out & eat5  
away4 ,g5]ally ! weevil 7kirim7 w be    
f\nd 9 ! cavity1 b if n1 x w be full ( a
 f9e p[d]4 ,weevil-eat5 gram _c be      
mi/ak51 & d5otes t ! gra9 is old1 & has 
be5 badly /or$4 ,9 mo/ samples ( gram1  
unless q new1 a small proportion (      
worm-eat5 gra9s w be f\nd1 & ?is is n ( 
any consequ5ce2 b if !re are a l>ge     
numb]1 !re w be a l>g] proportion ( husk
 7:i* has no n\ri%+ prop]ties7 ?an gra91
 & a l>g] quantity w h to be giv54 ,:5 a
 gra9 ( gram is cru%$ betwe5 ! tee? x   
%\ld imp>t ! ta/e ( a dry pea 9 ! m\?1 &
 be devoid ( all mu/9ess1 :i* is pres5t 
if x has got wet or m\ldy1 z x is v apt 
to d4 ,9 new gram ! husk at ! po9t is ( 
a slightly gre5i% %ade1 t disappe>s )   
keep+4 ,x is g5]ally suppos$ t new gram 
is n s good z :5 x is a few mon?s old2 b
 myself1 ,i h nev] se5 any ill effects f

 its use4 ,! only ?+ to be c>eful ab\t  
is t x is p]fectly ripe1 = natives h a  
great trick ( cutt+ & pluck+ e gra91    
fruit1 & vegetable be=e !y h arriv$ at  
full maturity4 ,gram %\ld be cru%$ or   
bruis$1 n gr\nd1 s z to break ! out]    
husk & all[ ! juices ( ! /oma* to act on
 ! k]nel4 ,x %\ld be cru%$ or bruis$    
only1 z if gr\nd into a f9e p[d] a good 
deal goes to wa/e4 ,x is suffici5t if   
ea* se$ is s cru%$ t x is split 9 two4  
,gram1 :eat1 & all o!r gra9s 9 ! ,ea/   
are gr\nd by ! wom5 ( ! family betwe5   
two /ones1 "o ( :i* revolves on ! top ( 
! o!r by means ( a wood5 h&le fix$ 9 x4 
,to cru% gram ! /ones require to be %>p]
 set ?an if !y are to gr9d any o!r gra9 
into fl\r4 ,gram c be got ready cru%$ f 
! corn-deal] 7baniah7 at a small        
increas$ *>ge p] maund 7#hj lbs471 or   
:at ,i g5]ally d is to pay my head groom
 7syce7 ! regul> baza> rate 7nirrick71 &
 get ! wom5 ( 8 family to cru% x1 !y    
provid+ _! own mill 7*uckie74 ,! only   
disadvantage ( ?is plan is t x is       

necess>y to weigh ! gra9 a second "t    
aft] x has be5 cru%$1 o!rwise x w be    
%ort1 z natives eat x !mselves4 ,b ,i   
f\nd 9 ! long run ! syces w\ld n /eal x2
 natives are %>p en\gh to see :5 any    
pr(it c be made1 & x 0 n to _! advantage
 to give back %ort weight4 ,excell5t    
gram-cru%+ ma*9es1 work+ ) flut$ roll]s1
 are sold by sev]al firms 9 ,india1 &   
are adju/able s z to take any gra94 ,!y 
are made to fit into a box = travell+1  
:i*1 :5 9 use1 =ms a /& = ! cru%] to "w 
on4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 some:at exp5sive1 & 
al?\gh admirable = a l>ge /ud ( horses1 
are h>dly requir$ = a private /able4    
,if1 h[ev]1 exp5se is no object1 !y are 
c]ta9ly pref]able to ! native mill1 z !y
 are clean]1 bits ( grit n com+ (f !    
/one1 & ea* individual gra9 be+ cru%$1  
:i* ev5 ! be/ native mills w n d4 ,cru%$
 gra9 is mu* quick] dige/$ ?an :ole1    
p>ticul>ly by old horses ^: tee? are n 9
 good ord]1 & :o _c ma/icate _! food    
prop]ly4 ,x is a common mi/ake to give  
too mu* gram or o!r gra91 !re be+ a     

prevail+ idea t ! m t is giv5 ! m "w !  
horse w d4 ,!re is no great] error2 x is
 l putt+ m coal into ! furnace ( an     
eng9e t c only consume a c]ta9 am\nt2 ! 
extra quantity only goes to wa/e1 &     
upsets ! dige/ive functions ( ! /oma*4  
,:at is requir$ is a judici\s admixture 
( food giv5 at a prop] "t2 n a l>ge     
quantity improp]ly giv5 ( an improp]    
quality4 ,gram %\ld be giv5 9 !         
proportion ( "o "p ( bran to two ( gram2
 or :at is bett]1 "o "p ea* ( bran      
7*ok]71 gram1 & p>*$ b>ley 7ad>wah71 or 
oats 7jai71 by weight4 ,^! c be pur*as$ 
sep>ately f ! corn-deal] & mix$ toge!r1 
& ?us _c be eat5 by any ( ! s]vants1 l  
pure gram c be4 ,if ! horse is n dige/+ 
8 food prop]ly1 :ole gra9s w be f\nd 9 8
 dropp+s t h pass$ ?r\gh ! b[els        
unalt]$4 ,!re w be always a few ( ^!    
f\nd1 especially if ! horse is gett+    
p>*$ b>ley or oats1 z ! husks ( bo? ^!  
gra9s are v indige/ible4 ,if ! horse    
beg9s to get ?91 & fall away 9 condition
 z well1 x is !n "t to take "s measures 

to rem$y matt]s1 o!rwise no notice ne$  
be tak54   ,b>ley 7j[74  ,9 _m p>ts (   
,nor!rn ,india1 especially on ! ,afghan 
fronti]1 :ole1 uncru%$ b>ley is us$4 ,x 
does n seem to hurt c\ntry-br$s1 b ) old
 animals t are n us$ to x1 & p>ticul>ly 
,au/ralians1 ! practice is dang]\s4     
,dur+ ! ,afghan ,w>1 on "o occasion !re 
be+ no o!r gra9 available1 :ole b>ley 0 
suppli$ to ! horses ( ! batt]y (        
artill]y to :i* ,i !n belong$4 ,a numb] 
( !m 7 attack$ ) colic1 & sev]al di$ f !
 irritation caus$ by ! po9t$ awns or    
ends ( ! be>ds to ! b[els4 ,no d\bt     
horses1 & p>ticul>ly "y ones1 w get us$ 
to fe$+ on mo/ gra9s if ! *ange is      
br\ght ab\t gradually1 b a sudd5 *ange f
 any "o to ano!r is dang]\s4 ,at ! be/1 
:ole b>ley is n an economical food4 ,!  
husk resi/s ! dige/ive action ( ! /oma* 
& inte/9es1 & a quantity is always pass$
 out ( ! body :ole4 ,b>ley ought c]ta9ly
 always to be cru%$1 or1 bett] /ill1    
p>*$1 & turn$ into ad>wah4 ,?is is done 
by pr(essional gra9 p>*]s 9 ! baza>2 b  

sometimes1 ?\gh r>ely1 "s ( ! wom5 ( !  
s]vants' families c d x4 ,x consi/s (   
half fill+ a wide %all[ iron pan ) s&1 &
 plac+ x ov] a fire till ne>ly r$ hot4  
,a c\ple ( h&fuls ( ! gra9 is !n ?r[n   
into ! s& ) a peculi> turn ( ! wri/ :i* 
scatt]s x ov] ! hot surface1 ab\t :i* x 
is /irr$ = a few seconds ) an iron spoon
 or small %ovel pi]c$ ) holes l a       
fi%-ladle4 ,! gra9 is p>tially bak$1    
swells up & becomes brittle1 ! husk     
crack+1 :5 x is scrap$ up & lift$ out ) 
! ladle1 ! s& be+ riddl$ ?r\gh back into
 ! pan4 ,a good p>*] w turn out a maund 
7#hj lbs47 9 a wond]fully %ort space (  
"t1 ! :ole process be+ gone ?r\gh ) a   
dext]ity only acquir$ by long practice4 
,9 ,india b>ley usually runs v light1   
!re be+ a great deal ( husk4 ,boil$     
b>ley is a mo/ useful diet = a sick     
horse4 ,x requires well boil+ = at lea/ 
half an h\r1 & ! wat] !n dra9$ (f4 ,i h 
kn[n horses dr9k ?is b>ley-wat] :5 !y   
won't look at any?+ else4   ,bran       
7*ok]74  ,9 mo/ ( ! l>ge /ations 9      

,india !re are fl\r-mills 9 :i* :eat is 
gr\nd ) ! late/ ma*9]y1 & :5 obta9$ f   
!m1 bran diff]s b little f :at is se5 9 
,engl&2 b 9 small] places :eat is gr\nd 
by native mills1 & !n ! bran is n s     
clean4 ,:5 native-made bran is run ov] !
 h&1 x w be se5 t !re is a l>ge am\nt ( 
fl\r 9 x1 :i* adh]es to ! sk9 l a :ite  
p[d]1 & :i* makes x mu* m n\ri%+ ?an !  
clean] prep>$ article4 ,! scales also ( 
native-made bran are mu* m irregul> 9   
size ?an ! ,european manufactur$        
article4 ,bran %\ld h a clean1 fre%     
smell ab\t x1 & ! new] x is ! bett]2 if 
kept long x is likely to get m\ldy4 ,?is
 is p>ticul>ly ! case dur+ ! ra9y       
season1 :5 ! atmosph]e be+ saturat$ )   
moi/ure1 a good deal is absorb$ by !    
bran1 & if kept 9 ?is /ate = any "t w   
get m\ldy4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 if x is      
necess>y to /ore bran dur+ ! ra9y       
season1 x %\ld be kept 9 t9 boxes4 ,!   
inside l9+ ( old pack+ cases1 9 :i*     
p]i%able goods are br\ght out f ,engl&1 
d well = ?is purpose1 & pl5ty c be got =

 a small sum 9 ! baza> %ops2 or1 if n1  
any native t9smi? w make a box out ( old
 k]os9e oil t9s = a small sum4   ,bran  
,ma%4  ,x is a good plan1 p>ticul>ly 9  
w>m wea!r1 9 any c\ntry to give horses a
 bran ma% once a week1 & if "o p>ticul> 
ev5+ is fix$ ^u1 syces get into ! habit 
( giv+ x regul>ly )\t special ord]s4 ,i 
g5]ally us$ to give a /&+ ord] to give x
 on ,saturday night1 =1 z a rule1 !     
horses are n requir$ on ,sunday4 ,bran  
has a slightly relax+ effect1 t 9 w>m   
climates is p>ticul>ly b5eficial4 ,bran 
ma% is made by simply putt+ ! necess>y  
quantity ( bran into a bucket1 p\r+     
boil+ wat] gradually on to x1 at ! same 
"t /irr+ x r\nd ) a /ick until ! :ole is
 moi/ & mix$ toge!r4 ,! bran %\ld only  
be damp$ suffici5tly to make x /ick     
toge!r1 & %\ld n be sloppy & wet4 ,"s   
horses at fir/ w n eat bran1 b !y c be  
tempt$ to by mix+ a h&ful ( :atev] gra9 
!y h be5 us$ to ) x4   ,oats 7jai74     
,oats are n[ l>gely gr[n ov] ! ,punjab1 
,nor!rn ,india1 & 9 ,tirhoot1 & are sold

 at ne>ly ! same price z b>ley4 ,9 !    
seaport t[ns ,au/ralian oats c usually  
be obta9$2 & z good oats are gr[n 9 !   
colonies z any "p ( ! _w4 ,!y are m     
exp5sive ?an ! native article1 & are    
g5]ally only us$ = tra9+ race-horses on4
 ,! ,indian oat1 comp>$ ) ! ,engli%1    
,au/ralian1 or ,s\? ,african1 is a poor 
article1 runn+ v light1 ) a great am\nt 
( husk2 b if prop]ly cru%$1 & mix$ )    
gram & bran 9 proportions ( "o "p ( ea*1
 !y are greatly sup]ior to b>ley4 ,! oat
 9 ,india is a w9t] crop1 & is h>ve/$ 9 
! spr+4 ,bo? colonial & ,indian oats are
 always :ite4 ,i h nev] se5 ! black or  
tawny v>iety :i* is s common 9 ,irel&4  
,a dem& hav+ aris5 = !m by ,europeans1 x
 is sometimes possible 9 ,nor!rn ,india 
to buy !m 9 ! baza>2 b g5]ally x is     
necess>y to make a special arrangem5t ) 
! gr[]1 z natives d n use !m z a fe$+   
gra9 = _! own animals4 ,!y gr[ ! crop   
r\nd ! wells1 & cut x gre5 9 ! /raw z   
=age = ! well & pl\gh bullocks 9 ! spr+1
 :5 !y are work+ h>d4 ,arrangem5ts c    

g5]ally be made ) ! cultivator to       
pur*ase s mu* f him by weight1 ?ra%$ &  
deliv]$ at y\r own /able1 or else to    
pur*ase s _m acres ( ! /&+ crop z x is  
gr[+2 b ! =m] plan is ! mo/             
satisfactory1 z x is a/oni%+ ! heavy    
crop t w be produc$2 &1 on ! contr>y1 y 
w be equally a/oni%$ to f9d ) ! o!r plan
 h[ light x is4 ,! negotiations = !     
supply ( oats %\ld be ent]$ into 9 good 
"t 9 ! spr+--say ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,m>*--z
 x is a/oni%+ h[ sl[ su* matt]s progress
 9 ! ,ea/1 & !y _h bett] be left 9 ! h&s
 ( y\r head syce4 ,no d\bt y w be *eat$ 
out ( a small am\nt1 b y mu/ make up y\r
 m9d = ?is be=e arriv+ 9 ! ,ea/2 b y w h
 ! satisfaction ( kn[+ t if y tri$ to   
c>ry on negotiations y\rself y w\ld be  
*eat$ out ( m4 ,i h tri$ bo? plans1 &   
f\nd t ! syce c\ld drive a bett] b>ga9 =
 bo? ( u ?an :5 ,i attempt$ to deal     
direct ) ! cultivator4   ,maize         
7makkai74  ,al?\gh gr[n all ov] ,india1 
maize is n mu* us$ = fe$+ horses2 b 9   
,s\? ,africa1 :]e x is kn[n z mealies1 x

 is ! /aple food gra9 = bo? man & bea/4 
,9 ,india x is said to make horses fat &
 s(t1 b no animal 9 ! _w does h>d] "w   
?an a ,s\? ,african po/-c>t horse4 ,9   
all probability ! reason !y d well on   
maize is t 9 ! oat-hay =age !y get !re  
is a consid]able quantity ( gra92 &     
al?\gh ,i h nev] se5 x us$1 ! exp]im5t (
 fe$+ on oats & maize w\ld be wor? :ile 
try+ 9 ,india4 ,9 ,s\? ,africa maize is 
usually giv5 :ole1 b 9 any ( ! t[ns x c 
be obta9$ cru%$1 & x is bett] to give x 
9 ?is /ate4 ,dur+ ! ,afghan ,w> maize 0 
pl5tiful 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 & ,i gave
 x to "s ( ! horses t ,i _h *>ge (4 ,i  
_h x p>*$ on hot s&1 9 ! same way z     
b>ley 7ad>wah7 is p>*$1 mak+ x into     
,am]ican pop-corn4 ,) c]ta9 some:at ?9 &
 debilitat$ animals x _h a m>k$ effect 9
 gett+ fle% on !m1 & all horses eat x   
gre$ily4 ,9 ,india maize is a summ]     
crop1 rip5+ 9 ! autumn1 :5 ! e>s or cobs
 are pick$ (f ! /alks4 ,x is /or$ 9 !   
cob1 & ! individual gra9s knock$ (f z   
requir$ by rapp+ !m aga9/ a /ick2 b !y  

mu/ be turn$ ov] 9 ! heap occasionally1 
z rats & mice are likely to cause       
damage1 p>ticul>ly ! musk rat1 t ta9ts  
ev]y?+ x comes into contact )4 ,horses h
 frequ5tly be5 br\ght to me1 said to be 
(f _! fe$1 & on inquiry ,i h f\nd ?is   
only to be caus$ by ! gra9 be+ ta9t$ by 
musk rats1 & t :5 a clean fe$ is (f]$ to
 !m !y dev\r x rav5\sly4 ,!re are 9 ,s\?
 ,africa & ,am]ica a numb] ( v>ieties ( 
maize1 b 9 ,india ,i only "k ( two      
sorts1 9 "o ( :i* ! se$s are :ite & !   
o!r yell[1 or a deep r$ col\r4 ,i don't 
?9k t !re is mu* diff]5ce 9 !m z f> z   
horse food goes1 b ea* individual gra9  
%\ld be plump1 & fill out ! husk well2  
!y %\ld be free f weevils1 worms1 or !  
m>ks ( attacks f rats & mice4 ,! husk   
%\ld be well fill$ out1 & h a %9+1      
pe>l-l1 gli/5+ appe>ance1 & :5 let fall 
on a /one or o!r h>d sub/ance give (f a 
metallic s\nd4 ,:5 brok5 op51 ! gra9    
inside %\ld be ( a pure :ite col\r1 & ( 
a pleasant1 mealy smell1 l fre% fl\r4   
,if x is discol\r$1 x d5otes t x has be5

 wet & f]m5t$4 ,maize c be cru%$ by mo/ 
gra9-cru%+ ma*9es1 also 9 ! native mill 
7*uckie7 if ! /ones are prop]ly set2 b  
bo? 9 ,s\? ,africa & ,india ! natives   
p\nd x 9 a l>ge wood5 mort> made out ( !
 trunk ( a tree4   ,:eat 7ghehun74      
,al?\gh x is n to be recomm5d$ z a food1
 /ill ,i h se5 :eat us$ :5 no o!r gra9  
c\ld be obta9$1 & x 0 a *oice ( x or    
no?+ at all2 & 9 p>ts ( ,au/ralia1 &1 ,i
 believe1 ,am]ica1 x is regul>ly us$ z a
 horse food4 ,x is commonly suppos$ t   
:eat is almo/ a rank poison to horses1 &
 w cause fev] 9 ! feet2 & no d\bt )     
/abl$ animals 9 ,engl& x w d s1         
especially z ! majority ( cases ( ?is   
nature are f accid5ts--horses gett+     
loose & gorg+ !mselves ) :eat dur+ !    
night1 or :5 unobs]v$4 ,) animals /&+   
out 9 ! op5 & work+ h>d1 z !y d 9 ,india
 & ! colonies1 x is n s dang]\s4 ,i %\ld
 n sudd5ly *ange a horse's fe$ f oats or
 gram to a full ration ( :eat2 b :5 no?+
 else c be got1 x c be giv5 9 a small   
quantity )\t mu* fe> ( dang]2 b z soon z

 any o!r gra9 c\ld be obta9$1 x %\ld be 
us$4   ,rice 7dhan74  ,9 ,ea/]n ,b5gal &
 ,assam horses are f$ on unhusk$ rice & 
w d well on x4 ,dur+ ! exp$ition into ! 
,lu%ai ,hills 9 #ahgi-hj1 9 _m places   
no?+ else c\ld be got to fe$ ! transport
 mules on4 ,gram is n gr[n 9 t "p ( !   
c\ntry1 & :at little !re is has to be   
import$1 & is at a prohibitive price4 ,i
 f\nd t animals did well en\gh on an    
equal mixture ( gram & rice1 al?\gh at  
fir/ "s ( !m refus$ x4 ,9 ,japan rice is
 ! only gra9 horses get1 & ! pack ponies
 ( t c\ntry are h>dy bea/s1 & appe> to  
"w well on x4 ,if ! rice c be cru%$1 x  
is all ! bett]2 & 9 ,b5gal & ,assam !re 
is no difficulty 9 gett+ ?is done1 z x  
is ! food ( ! p1 & !y gr9d x = _! own   
use4   ,millet 7baj>a74  ,! v>i\s       
millets1 kn[n 9 ,s\? ,africa z          
,kaffir-corn1 are n (t5 us$ 9 ,india z  
horse food1 b 9 ! ,cape x sometimes is4 
,9 ,india ! millet is a summ] crop      
h>ve/$ 9 ! autumn4 ,! se$s are small1 & 
( a d>k or greyi% col\r4 ,x requires to 

be cru%$ be=e use1 z ! husk is v h>d4   
,pulses 7dhal74  ,! v>i\s species (     
pulse gra9s ent] l>gely into ! food ( ! 
natives ( ,india4 ,two1 kn[n z mung &   
mote1 or moat1 are excell5t = gett+ fle%
 on ?91 debilitat$ animals4 ,!y are bo? 
small oblong se$s ( an olive gre5 col\r1
 ) a v h>d husk1 & c be obta9$ 9 any    
baza>4 ,i pref] ! mote to ! mung4 ,!y   
bo? require to be well boil$ to !       
consi/5cy ( a jelly be=e use1 & !n be+  
well mix$ 9 ) ! food1 ab\t a p\nd 9     
weight ( ! raw se$ be+ en\gh = ea* fe$1 
s t ! horse gets ?ree p\nds daily1 a    
correspond+ quantity ( ! o!r gra9 be+   
)drawn4 ,i h se5 mo/ excell5t results 9 
weak animals recov]+ f a debilitat+     
illness f its use1 b great c>e mu/ be   
tak5 t x is boil$ prop]ly4   ,l9se$     
7ulsie74  ,l9se$ c be obta9$ all ov]    
,india4 ,9 fact1 a good deal ( :at is on
 ! ,engli% m>ket comes f ! ,ea/4 ,"u    
c]ta9 conditions x is useful 9 putt+ on 
fle%1 & z a diet = convalesc5ts2 b c>e  
mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 its use1 z x conta9s a 

great deal ( oil1 & 9 cases ( sickness )
 liv] complications1 :i* are common 9 a 
hot climate1 especially 9 ,engli% &     
,au/ralian horses1 x is to be avoid$4 ,x
 has to be boil$ to a jelly be=e use1   
or1 bett] /ill1 soak x 9 cold wat] = "s 
h\rs until s(t1 & !n boil x4 ,9 ! hot   
wea!r1 h[ev]1 ,i pref] to use ei!r !    
mote or mung to l9se$4   ,l9se$ ,cake   
7rhal or khal74  ,l9se$ cake c be obta9$
 9 ne>ly e l>ge t[n1 & is ! residue left
 aft] ! oil is express$2 b z ?is process
 is imp]fectly p]=m$1 a good deal ( oil 
is left--mu* m ?an 9 ! /eam-press$      
,engli% cake4 ,x is sold by ! se] 7#b   
lbs4 weight71 b 9 irregul> lumps1 n     
m\ld$ into cakes z 9 ,europe4 ,c>e mu/  
be tak5 9 buy+ x1 z x is v likely to be 
mu/y1 & adult]at$ ) mu/>d or rape se$4  
,bo? ^! c be easily detect$ by ! ta/e or
 smell1 leav+ a pung5t od\r & a %>p     
burn+ ta/e beh9d4 ,! be/ plan is to cru%
 a small quantity ( ! cake & drop x into
 "s boil+ wat]1 :5 ! %>p smell & ta/e   
*>act]i/ic ( ! mu/>d & rape oil w be    

giv5 (f4 ,a small quantity ( l9se$ cake 
9 ! food w fatt5 horses trem5d\sly1 b   
makes !m s(t 9 condition4 ,x is "o ( !  
articles us$ by native deal]s to fatt5  
horses = sale1 & at ?is !y are mo/      
exp]t4 ,:5 cru%$ x c be mix$ ) ! food1  
or boil$ to make l9se$ tea = sick       
horses2 & = ?is latt] purpose ,i pref] x
 to l9se$1 z !re is less oil 9 x1 !     
smell ( :i* sometimes nauseates an      
animal & causes him to refuse x4        
,black ,gram 7cooltee74  ,9 ! ,madras   
,presid5cy & ,s\!rn ,india black gram is
 us$1 ! ,b5gal :ite gram n be+ gr[n !re4
 ,?is has to be boil$ be=e use4 ,milit>y
 horses are f$ on x1 b x is said t x    
makes !m s(t4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 no p]sonal   
exp]i5ce ( black gram4   ,prep>ation (  
,food4  ,9 ,india x is ! cu/om to damp !
 food be=e x is giv54 ,x %\ld n be      
saturat$ s z to turn x into a sloppy    
pa/e1 b j damp$ suffici5tly to make !   
p>ticles /ick toge!r4 ,grooms 7syces7   
g5]ally deal out ea* fe$ into a bucket  
dry f ! corn-b91 & !n damp x2 b a bett] 

plan is to weigh out ! :ole ( ! am\nt   
requir$ = all ! horses1 & put x into a  
wide-m\!d e>!n b[l call$ a naund1 t c be
 pur*as$ = a few p5ce1 or a box1 su* z  
an old w9e case1 & damp ! :ole am\nt    
toge!r1 !n portion+ x out = ea* animal4 
,! reason ( ?is is t1 if ! gra9 is damp$
 9 ! buckets1 !y are at once tak5 away1 
&1 ! probabilities are1 nev] clean$2 b  
if !y h to be br\ght =w>d = ea* fe$ to  
be put into !m1 & ! own] takes ! tr\ble 
n[ & aga9 to inspect !m1 syces1 :o are  
creatures ( habit1 get into ! way (     
clean+ !m be=e !y br+ !m =w>d4 ,! box1  
or naund1 9 :i* ! gra9 is damp$ be+     
/ation>y1 c be look$ at any "t4 ,x is   
necess>y to be v c>eful ab\t ?is1 z !   
p>ticles ( food left v quickly f]m5t 9 a
 hot climate1 & get s\r1 & quickly ta9t 
all ! re/4 ,z a rule1 ab\t t5 m9utes is 
long en\gh to damp gra92 & ?is %\ld be  
done z soon be=e fe$+ z possible1       
o!rwise1 if left long /&+1 x w get s\r4 
,if a horse refuses 8 fe$1 x %\ld be at 
once ?r[n away1 & on no acc\nt be kept  

till ! next meal1 by :i* "t x is pretty 
c]ta9 to h f]m5t$4   ,horses refus+     
,food4  ,"s horses are delicate fe$]s   
naturally1 & take a long "t 9 eat+1 or  
refuse _! food altoge!r4 ,9 ! case ( a  
delicate or sl[ fe$]1 ! food %\ld be    
giv5 9 small quantities & (t51 r ?an 9 !
 usual some:at r l>ge fe$s ?ree times a 
day2 & ! horse %\ld be f$ by himself4   
,?is is easily done 9 ,india1 z ne>ly   
all /ables are loose boxes2 b if !      
animal is picket$ out ) o!rs t are      
likely to teaze him1 he %\ld be tak5    
away & f$ out ( a bucket 9 ! comp\nd    
7g>d5 or enclosure r\nd ! h\se74 ,syces1
 l all natives ( ,india1 h no idea ( !  
value ( "t2 & if he has 8 hooka 7pipe71 
& a fri5d to talk to ab\t ! price (     
food-/uffs1 rates ( wages1 & o!r su*-l  
int]e/+ baza> topics1 he is p]fectly    
cont5t to sit hold+ ! bucket be=e !     
horse all day long1 if necess>y4 ,if !  
animal refuses 8 food altoge!r1 !n x    
%\ld be tak5 away1 = if left /&+ 9 front
 ( him he brea!s on x1 & if x rema9s any

 consid]able "t x becomes s\r & f]m5t$1 
& he gets disgu/$ ) x2 :]eas1 if tak5   
away & no?+ m giv5 till next fe$+-"t1 ! 
appetite (t5 returns1 & ! food is       
consum$ ) a reli%2 especially 9 ! w>m   
wea!r1 if he is fir/ l$ out & ex]cis$1  
or picket$ out "u a tree4 ,on no acc\nt 
%\ld ! fe$ t has be5 refus$ be kept ov] 
till ! next fe$+-"t2 a fre% "o %\ld be  
prep>$1 z 9 a hot climate wet gra9      
f]m5ts & turns s\r 9 a v %ort space (   
"t4   ,times ( ,fe$+4  ,! /oma* ( !     
horse is v small 9 proportion to ! size 
( 8 body1 & he requires to be f$ (t51 & 
9 small quantities4 ,9 ,engl& hunt]s are
 f$ f\r1 or ev5 five1 times a day4 ,9   
,india x is ! usual cu/om to fe$ ?ree   
times1 & p]haps x is (t5 en\gh4 ,9 all  
milit>y /ations a gun is fir$ at noon1 &
 ! midday fe$ is giv5 at t h\r2 b !     
morn+ & ev5+ "o v>ies ) ! season ( !    
ye>4 ,i usually give only half a fe$ 9 !
 ev5+ ab\t five o'clock1 & ! rema9d] !  
la/ ?+ at night1 ab\t eight or n9e1     
accord+ to ! season ( ! ye>2 b1 unless  

c>efully wat*$1 syces w n d ?is1 z x is 
! cu/om only to fe$ ?ree times daily1 & 
da/\r 7cu/om7 is a ?+ x is impossible to
 make a native break ?r\gh4   ,bolt+    
,food4  ,"s horses h a trick ( bolt+ _! 
food )\t ma/icat+ x prop]ly1 especially 
if ano!r is be+ f$ 9 _! company4 ,x is a
 good plan to fe$ su* horses ap>t f any 
o!rs1 :i* c easily be done 9 an ,indian 
/able1 z !y are all loose boxes1 or1 if 
picket$ out 9 ! op51 by mov+ him a %ort 
di/ance away f ! o!rs4 ,a small quantity
 ( *aff1 grass1 /raw1 or :at is kn[n z  
bhoosa1 :i* is :eat /raw t is cru%$ &   
brok5 into small pieces 9 ! process (   
tread+ out ! gra9 by bullocks1 mix$ 9 ) 
! fe$1 w usually make !m ma/icate x     
prop]ly4   ,spill+ ,food on ,gr\nd4     
,horses h also a trick sometimes ( ?r[+ 
_! food out ( ! bucket or mang]1 &      
spill+ a quantity on ! gr\nd4 ,n only is
 a l>ge am\nt wa/$1 b :5 ! animal has   
f9i%$ :at is left1 & tries at 8 leisure 
to ga!r up :at is on ! gr\nd1 he eats a 
l>ge am\nt ( e>? & dirt ) x1 :i* is     

injuri\s4 ,! be/ way ,i "k to prev5t ?is
 is to fe$ ! horse on a clo? on ! gr\nd2
 any bit ( old sack+ ab\t f\r feet squ>e
 w answ] = ! purpose4   ,grass4  ,9     
,india hay is n (t5 se51 & horses are f$
 on grass2 ev5 race-horses are tra9$ on 
x4 ,?is may at fir/ s\nd /range1 b      
,indian grass is v diff]5t to ,engli%   
mead[ grass1 & *iefly consi/s ( ! roots 
& runn]s1 ! actual blade ( grass n be+ m
 ?an ab\t an in* long4 ,! be/ grass is  
:at is kn[n z dhoob4 ,x is a %ort grass1
 ) long roots & suck]s1 :i* is dug up   
out ( ! gr\nd ) a %ort iron hoe or      
tr[el1 call$ a kurpa1 :i* is us$ ) a    
scrap+ motion ( ! h&1 ! process be+     
call$ *eel+4 ,a consid]able quantity (  
e>? is tak5 up ) x1 :i* ought to be     
knock$ (f aga9/ ! hoe2 b z ! grass is   
sold by weight1 & ! usual quantity a    
private grass-cutt] is suppos$ to br+ 9 
daily is #bj se]s 7#dj lbs4 weight71 x  
is n to 8 advantage to clean x4 ,if     
horses eat dirty grass = any l5g? ( "t1 
! s& & dirt1 besides damag+ ! tee?1 is  

likely to accumulate 9 ! inte/9es & give
 rise to :at is kn[n z s& colic4 ,:5 !  
grass-cutt] br+s 9 8 bundle ( grass t he
 has collect$1 :i* he g5]ally does at   
midday1 x %\ld be spread out & clean$2  
/icks & ?orns %\ld be pick$ out1 z !y   
are likely to lodge 9 ! horse's ?roat & 
*oke him1 & x %\ld be well beat5 ) a    
/ick to get rid ( ! s& & dirt4 ,a good  
plan is to fa/5 a net betwe5 ! wood5    
framework ( a *>poy1 or native b$/ead1  
lay ! grass on x1 & beat x !re ) a /ick1
 & x is surpris+ :at a quantity ( rubbi%
 w fall ?r\gh4 ,an old lawn t5nis net1  
if ! me%es are n too big1 answ]s well = 
?is purpose4 ,grass-cutt]s are fond (   
wett+ ! grass to make x weigh4 ,if x is 
br\ght 9 fre%1 & damp$ ) clean wat]     
beyond ! actual loss 9 weight1 ,i d n "k
 t x does mu* h>m2 b x is exce$+ly      
likely t ! wat] has be5 obta9$ f "s     
/agnant dirty puddle1 & ! bundle has be5
 left /&+ = "s "t s t f]m5tation has set
 91 giv+ x an unpleasant smell4 ,x is   
!re=e be/ to h ! bundles at once op5$   

out & spread 9 ! sun to dry z soon z !y 
are br\ght 91 & n all[ ! grass-cutt]s to
 take !m away to _! own h\ses4 ,9 p>ts (
 ! foot hills ( ! ,himalayas 7hurri>ie1 
or hurrialie7 grass is obta9$4 ,x is n  
f\nd 9 ! pla9s1 or 9 ! v high m\nta9s   
:]e x is cold4 ,x is a long grass1 runn+
 to ab\t ?ree feet high1 & is cut ) a   
curv$ sickle4 ,:5 "y & gre5 x is a      
capital fodd] grass2 b :5 ! se$ is %$1 &
 x gets dry1 x is unfit = any o!r       
purpose ?an b$d+1 z ! /alks get v h>d & 
brittle1 & s dry t !re is little or no  
n\ri%m5t 9 x4 ,x %\ld n !n be all[$ into
 ! /able = any o!r purpose ?an b$d+2 b  
be+ mu* easi] to collect ?an dhoob      
grass1 ! grass-cutt]s w br+ x z long z  
!y are all[$ to1 ev5 :5 x resembles no?+
 m ?an a bundle ( /icks4 ,i h frequ5tly 
he>d own]s ( horses 9 ! hills compla9 ( 
_! animals gett+ ?9 & out ( condition1 !
 cause ( :i* on inquiry 0 simply due to 
! bad dry hurrialie grass t 0 br\ght =  
!m to eat4   ,*urrie4  ,?is is ! dri$   
/alk ( "o ( ! %orgum tribe ( plants1 :i*

 is also kn[n z ! ,*9ese sug>-cane4 ,x  
is a summ] crop cut 9 ! autumn4 ,x gr[s 
to five or six feet high1 & is cut &    
/or$ by ! natives z a fodd] = ! cattle4 
,x w\ld to ! new-com] appe> to be a mo/ 
unsuitable article ( food1 b is full (  
sac*>9e matt]1 ta/+ q sweet :5 *ew$ 9 ! 
m\?1 s mu* s t 9 p>ts a r\gh sug> is    
extract$ f x1 b to look at is l a bundle
 ( dri$ re$s4 ,animals ( all sorts are v
 fond ( x1 & ,i h frequ5tly f$ my horses
 on x = days toge!r 9 out-(-!-way places
 :]e no grass 0 to be obta9$4 ,x is n   
us$ z a regul> horse fodd]1 b x does    
well = x on a p9*4   ,bhoosa4  ,9 ! ,ea/
 all gra9 is ?re%$ out by ! primitive   
process ( putt+ x 9 a circle & driv+    
bullocks r\nd on x1 & 9 ?is process !   
gra9 is trodd5 out ( ! e>1 ! /raw be+   
split & brok5 up by ! animals' feet into
 small fragm5ts f "o-eigh? to two or    
?ree in*es 9 l5g?1 :i* is call$ bhoosa4 
,?is is ! /aple food ( ! work+ cattle1 &
 is also us$ = horses4 ,x is a mo/      
important item ( ! crop1 & 9 ! rural    

economy ( an ,indian village almo/ z mu*
 is ?\ght ( x z ! gra9 itself4 ,:eat &  
b>ley /raw makes :at is call$ :ite      
bhoosa1 & gram & ! v>i\s pulses missa   
bhoosa4 ,bo? ^! c be us$ z horse food2 9
 fact1 on ! ,afghan fronti] !y get no?+ 
else1 & _m natives fe$ _! animals       
entirely on x1 nev] giv+ !m grass2 b    
al?\gh !y w eat x1 & = a "t keep        
condition1 x is n to be recomm5d$4 ,if x
 has to be us$1 & x is possible to obta9
 any grass1 !y %\ld be mix$ toge!r4 ,a  
small quantity ( bhoosa mix$ 9 ! fe$ w  
make a gre$y fe$] ma/icate x4 ,:ite     
bhoosa looks l badly *opp$ /raw-*aff4   
,missa bhoosa is ( a d>k col\r1 !       
p>ticles n be+ /raight-l /icks1 b b5t   
ab\t1 & frequ5tly !re are a quantity ( !
 leaves ( ! plant mix$ ) x4 ,c>e %\ld be
 tak5 t bo? sorts are n m\ldy1 :i* is v 
apt to be ! case1 z ! native f>m]s /ore 
x 9 l>ge quantities dur+ ! w9t]1 & :5 ! 
new crop comes on1 if !re is any ( la/  
ye>'s left1 x is :at !y try & sell4 ,be+
 /ack$ 9 ! op51 x is exce$+ly likely to 

get damag$ by ! ra94 ,bhoosa %\ld h a   
clean1 fre% smell l sweet /raw1 n be    
discol\r$ or h any pat*es ( m\ld ab\t x1
 & be free f impurities su* z /icks1    
?orns1 or pieces ( mud or /ones4        
,bamboo ,leaves 7bans74  ,9 ,ea/]n      
,b5gal1 ,assam1 & p>ts ( ,burma1 ! gre5 
leaves & "y %oots ( ! bamboo are us$ =  
=age4 ,dur+ ! ,*9-,lu%ai ,exp$ition 9   
#ahhi-ij1 ! animals ) ! =ce got no?+    
else = ne>ly eight mon?s4 ,i _h ?ree    
ponies ( my own t 7 work$ mod]ately h>d 
! :ole "t1 & !y rema9$ 9 good condition4
 ,! transport mules1 :i* 7 work$ v h>d  
inde$ 9 a v try+ climate1 did n fall    
away ne>ly z mu* z ,i expect$4 ,! "y    
%oots & leaves are cut ) a sort ( a     
billhook1 call$ a dah1 & c>e mu/ be tak5
 t only ! "y gre5 leaves & s(t t5d]     
%oots are giv51 ! old leaves & ! edges (
 ! dry /umps ( ! bamboo cutt+ l a razor4
 ,i h se5 "s bad w\nds on ! lips1       
tongue1 & angles ( ! m\? f ?is cause4 ,x
 is be/ to make ! syces & grass-cutt]s  
pluck ! leaves (f ! bran*es altoge!r1 & 

n leave !m ab\t ! /able1 = fe> ( w\nd+ !
 horses4 ,?is !y w readily d1 z !y use !
 dbris = fuel4 ,i h se5 "s bad cuts &   
injuries 9 bo? m5 & animals f ! edges ( 
! split bamboo1 :i* are v %>p--s mu* s t
 ! savage tribes on ! ea/]n fronti] use 
a prop]ly split piece ( bamboo = a knife
 9 sk9n+ animals2 & ! sap ( ! gre5      
bamboo appe>s to h a peculi>ly irritat+ 
or poison\s action1 a w\nd caus$ by x   
fe/]+ & suppurat+ 9 bo? man & bea/1     
:]eas "o inflict$ ) a dry bamboo w heal 
up heal?y4 ,horses require a l>g] am\nt 
( bamboo leaves ?an grass4 ,if an animal
 is gett+ #bj lbs4 ( gre5 dhoob grass   
daily1 he w require #cj lbs4 ( bamboo   
leaves to keep him 9 condition4 ,al?\gh 
at fir/ horses may refuse !m1 !y take to
 !m k9dly aft] a little :ile4   ,oat    
,hay ,=age4  ,9 ! ,s\? ,african colonies
 grass hay is almo/ unkn[n4 ,! oat is   
cut :5 ab\t half ripe1 dri$1 & giv5 9 ! 
/raw1 9 :i* condition x is kn[n z =age1 
& is excell5t fe$+4 ,x is usually sold 9
 bundles1 :olesale at s mu* p] hundr$1 &

 retail at hotels & liv]y /ables at s _m
 bundles = a %ill+4 ,"s ye>s ago1 :5 ,i 
0 travell+ 9 ! ,dut* "p ( ,s\? ,africa1 
9 ! m out-(-!-way p>ts ( :i* !re are no 
hotels1 x 0 ! cu/om to ask ! own] ( !   
f>mh\se :]e y arriv$ p]mission to       
(f-saddle if y 7 rid+1 or out-span if   
driv+1 = ! night or a c\ple ( h\rs1 z ! 
case might be4 ,?is 0 a r\ndab\t way (  
ask+ if he c\ld put y & y\r animals up =
 ! night4 ,:5 leav+ 9 ! morn+1 x w\ld h 
be5 a great brea* ( good mann]s to ask =
 y\r bill1 b y inquir$ :at y 7 indebt$  
to 8 head-boy = ! =age y\r horses _h    
consum$--a polite way ( ask+ = y\r      
acc\nt2 ! numb] ( bundles p] %ill+ v>y+ 
accord+ to ! "t y rema9$1 & !           
accommodation y _h receiv$2 b1 not)/&+  
?is fiction1 ,i did n1 z a rule1 f9d !  
total any less ?an 9 a regul> hotel :]e 
y get y\r bill4   ,hay4  ,hay1 z is kn[n
 9 ,europe & ,au/ralia1 is nev] se5 9   
,india4 ,9 "s p>ts1 :at is call$ hay c  
be obta9$2 b1 comp>$ to ,engli% mead[   
hay1 x is at ! be/ b poor /uff4 ,no d\bt

 hay ( a v tol]able quality c be made 9 
,india2 9 fact1 ,i h done s1 b usually !
 grass is cut aft] ! plant has fl[]$1 ! 
se$ rip5$ & %$1 :5 x is :at is kn[n z ! 
sap be+ d[n1 & !n x is dry & ) little   
n\ri%m5t 9 x4 ,x is g5]ally also all[$  
to lie out too long aft] x has be5 cut 9
 a hot1 p[]ful sun1 :i* utt]ly bakes x  
up4 ,! grass %\ld be cut :5 ! se$ is    
gre5 & ! sap well up 9 x1 & %\ld n be   
all[$ to rema9 too long dry+4 ,i h      
g5]ally f\nd t f eight to t5 h\rs ( !   
,indian sun 0 en\gh1 s t grass cut 9 !  
morn+ %\ld be /ack$ at night2 x w !n n  
be utt]ly dri$ up1 & 9 ! /ack w und]go !
 process ( f]m5tation t gives !         
*>act]i/ic smell to ,engli% hay4 ,!re is
 a c]ta9 am\nt ( difficulty 9 do+ ?is4  
,! grass fl[]s & se$s at ! end ( ! hot  
wea!r1 ab\t ,septemb]1 :5 ! monsoon ra9s
 are on1 & ^! sometimes la/ = days      
toge!r4 ,x is1 !re=e1 sometimes         
difficult to get a f9e day to cut & save
 ! hay 9 be=e ! se$ is %$2 & be=e ! dry 
wea!r aga9 sets 9 ! sap has gone d[n1 & 

!re is b little nutrim5t left 9 ! grass4
 ,x is n a bad plan to spr9kle "s salt  
ov] ea* lay] ( hay z ! /ack is made up2 
horses eat ?is cur$ hay ) great reli%4  
,9 mak+ up ! /ack1 a bundle or two (    
/raw1 put on end f ! bottom upw>ds1 %\ld
 be built into ! c5tre ( x z x is be+   
rais$ up1 to act z a *imney or v5tilator
 to c>ry (f ! heat :ile ! /ack is       
f]m5t+4 ,if ?is is n done1 !re is dang] 
( its cat*+ fire2 & ev5 if x %\ld n heat
 to su* a degree1 "p is likely to get   
discol\r$--:at is t]m$ m[-burn$4 ,?is   
*imney c be made ) bundles ( /icks1     
bo>ds1 or ev5 /ones2 b sick horses w (t5
 eat ! /raw f ! c5tre ( a hay/ack :5 !y 
won't look at any?+ else1 & x sometimes 
comes 9 useful1 & 9 any ev5t1 is n wa/$4
 ,! /ack %\ld be built on a f\ndation ( 
brambles1 /ones1 or a mud plat=m--!     
latt] be+ ! be/--to raise x & protect x 
f damage by ! ra9s1 :i* at times come 9 
a regul> flood1 & also to keep out rats1
 mice1 & o!r v]m94 ,:5 ! /ack gets d[n  
to ! bottom1 c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 h&l+ 

x1 z x is a great refuge = snakes1 & ,i 
h se5 "o fatal accid5t f snake bite f   
?is cause4 ,x1 !n1 is a good plan to    
make ! m5 remove ! hay 9 small          
quantities at a "t ) a hay-=k1 :i* is   
easily made by fa/5+ a c\ple ( %ort     
/icks conv]g+ f ea* o!r on to a long    
bamboo2 b natives are su* fatali/s t1 no
 matt] h[ mu* w>n$ ( ! dang] !y are     
incurr+1 !y w n take ! commone/         
precautions z to _! safety if x gives !m
 a little extra tr\ble4 ,a some:at l>g] 
quantity ( dry grass is requir$ ?an gre5
 dhoob by weight1 ! proportion be+ ab\t 
#ae to #bj lbs4 respectively4   ,gre5   
,food 7khawid1 or khasil74  ,9 ! spr+ ( 
! ye> 9 ,india x is common to give      
horses gre5 :eat1 oats1 or b>ley4 ,?is  
is cut 9 ! /raw f ! "t x is ab\t a foot 
high until ! gra9 beg9s to rip51 a p]iod
 t la/s ab\t a mon? or six weeks 9 !    
,punjab--f ! middle ( ,febru>y till !   
end ( ,m>*4 ,?is gre5 food is call$ by !
 natives khawid1 or khasil4 ,x has an   
excell5t effect on ! sy/em1 & is :at is 

us$ by ! native deal]s to get _! horses 
into condition = sale4 ,too l>ge a      
quantity %\ld n be giv5 at fir/1 z x is 
likely to cause di>rhoea2 ab\t #d lbs4  
daily be+ suffici5t at fir/1 b x may be 
increas$ up to d\ble ?is am\nt if x     
agrees ) ! animal4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t !
 gre5 food is only giv5 :5 "y & ! /raw  
t5d]1 = :5 x gets ripe1 & ! /raw woody &
 h>d1 x is v indige/ible1 & a common    
cause ( inte/9al ob/ruction & colic4 ,9 
"s p>ts gre5 b>ley is giv5 9 ! same     
mann]1 & :5 x is "y x is z good z :eat  
or oats2 b :5 x beg9s to rip5 x %\ld be 
/opp$1 z ! awns or be>ds beg9 to get    
h>d1 & n only are !y likely to *oke !   
horse1 b to cause dang]\s inte/9al      
ob/ruction4 ,oats c be giv5 mu* long]   
?an b>ley or :eat2 9 fact1 z ,i h said1 
ripe oats are cut 9 ! /raw1 & us$ z hay 
9 _m p>ts ( ! _w4 ,! gre5 crop mu/ be   
pur*as$ /&+ f a cultivator1 & ?is is be/
 arrang$ ?r\gh y\r head syce4 ,x is sold
 by measurem5t1 a pat* 9 ! field be+    
m>k$ out2 or else ! grass-cutt]s g & cut

 z mu* z is requir$ daily1 ! :ole am\nt 
us$ be+ aft]w>ds measur$ up & paid = at 
! fix$ baza> rate1 or1 z x is t]m$1 !   
nirrick4   ,gre5 ,gram4  ,natives are v 
fond ( giv+ horses gre5 gram1 b x is a  
mo/ dang]\s cu/om4 ,x is mo/            
indige/ible1 ! /alk :5 gre5 be+ full ( a
 /rong t\gh fibre4 ,! sap & leaves h a  
peculi> irritat+ or almo/ corrosive     
prop]ty1 & 9 ! spr+ ( ! ye> _m fatal    
cases ( inte/9al disease are caus$ by x4
   ,c>rots 7gaj>74  ,c>rots are pl5tiful
 all ov] ,nor!rn ,india4 ,!y come on 9 !
 spr+1 & are an excell5t gre5 food4 ,!y 
c be b\ght v *eaply1 & if kept 9 a cool1
 dry place1 c be /or$ = a consid]able   
"t2 b !y require to be turn$ almo/      
daily1 or !y w get rott54 ,:5 us$ !y    
%\ld ei!r be wa%$ to remove ! e>?1 or1 z
 9 ! ,ea/ ?is is q dry1 knock$ ) a /ick 
to remove x4 ,!y %\ld be giv5 :ole1 or  
else cut into long slices1 n across into
 lumps4 ,?is latt] practice is dang]\s1 
z horses are ?us incl9$ to bolt !m :ole1
 & ! %ort r\nd lump is likely to /ick 9 

! ?roat & cause *ok+4   ,luc]ne4        
,luc]ne gr[s well all ov] ,nor!rn       
,india1 & al?\gh n cultivat$ by !       
natives = _! own use1 !y "k p]fectly    
well :at x is1 & call x by ! ,engli% "n4
 ,9 mo/ ( ! t[ns :]e !re are any        
,europeans collect$ toge!r1 x is usual  
to gr[ x 9 ! ,gov]nm5t or /ation g>d51 f
 :]e x c be pur*as$ retail4 ,"s native  
corps1 :o rema9 "s "t 9 ! "o place1 also
 gr[ x = ! b5efit ( ! regim5t1 &        
sometimes x is possible to obta9 "s f   
!m2 b z a rule !y only h en\gh = _! own 
use4 ,r\nd ! l>ge milit>y cantonm5ts 9  
"s places1 ! neighb\r+ f>m]s1 f9d+ t !re
 is a dem& = x1 h tak5 to gr[+ x = sale1
 & x c be b\ght 9 ! baza>2 b z ! supply 
is n c]ta91 x is bett] to ent] into a   
contract ) "o ( ! gr[]s to supply !     
quantity by weight daily requir$4 ,9    
mak+ ?is b>ga9 x is be/ to use ! ag5cy (
 ! head syce1 z if x falls %ort1 or is n
 =?com+1 he c be made responsible2 &    
natives be+ erratic creatures1 x is q   
possible t "s morn+ y may be told t !re 

is no m1 or t ! gr[] has sold 8 crop to 
"s "o else1 p]haps at ev5 a small] price
 ?an y are giv+4 ,:5ev] !re is a well 9 
! comp\nd1 & ,i h be5 long en\gh 9 "o   
place1 ,i h always gr[n z mu* z ,i c\ld 
= myself4 ,x is easily done1 & !re is no
 m useful crop 9 connection ) an ,indian
 /able4 ,9 ! dry1 hot wea!r ! diff]5ce 9
 ! condition ( horses t are gett+ a     
fairly lib]al supply ( gre5 food1 & ^? t
 are only gett+ ! burn$-up grass t is !n
 procurable1 is mo/ m>k$4 ,! only       
difficulty ab\t gr[+ luc]ne is t at fir/
 a l>ge supply ( wat] is necess>y until 
! roots /rike4 ,if y h a g>d51 !n1 (    
c\rse1 y h to keep a pair ( bullocks to 
raise wat] f ! well = irrigation        
purposes2 b if y d n run to ?is luxury1 
!n a pair ( bullocks c be hir$ = two or 
?ree days 9 ! week4 ,! l&lord ( ! h\se  
has to keep ! well & ! ,p]sian :eel1 by 
:i* ! wat] is rais$1 9 ord]1 & f9d !    
fir/ pair ( ropes = x4 ,! t5ant has to  
f9d ! e>!n pots1 or *atties1 t are fa/5$
 on to x1 by :i* ! wat] is rais$ up4 ,^!

 *atties are *eap ?+s en\gh1 b !y are   
easily brok54 ,i always f\nd t ! be/    
plan 0 to provide ! fir/ lot myself1 &  
!n give a small sum mon?ly to ! g>d5] to
 keep !m go+2 & x sav$ money 9 ! end1 z 
,i f\nd t n ne>ly s _m 7 sma%$ "u ?is   
sy/em z :5 ,i paid = :at 7 requir$4 ,if 
a g>d5] is regul>ly employ$1 x is1 (    
c\rse1 "p ( 8 bus9ess to look aft] !    
luc]ne b$2 b = an ord9>y /able (1 say1  
f\r or five animals1 an acre ( luc]ne w 
be ample1 & a man exclusively = ?is is n
 necess>y4 ,a g>d5] c be got = ab\t ,rs4
 #aj a mon?1 b a man c be got to come   
two or ?ree times a week & look aft] x =
 half ?is4 ,i f\nd1 h[ev]1 t if ,i gave 
x to "o ( ! syces1 t ! wom5 & *ildr5 ( 8
 family w\ld att5d to x1 z1 :5 once     
/>t$1 x only requires we$+1 & t ! "w 0  
bett] done ?an by a pr(essional g>d5]1  
unless "o 0 regul>ly employ$4 ,! be/ se$
 is ! acclimatiz$ ,engli%1 or ! ,cabul  
br\ght d[n f ,afghani/an4 ,! ,engli% se$
 c be obta9$ f any se$sman1 or !        
,gov]nm5t ,horticultural ,g>d5s at      

,lahore or ,sah>unpore1 at ab\t a rupee 
a p\nd1 & ?is is en\gh to s[ ab\t an    
acre )1 :i* %\ld be done at ! end ( !   
cold wea!r4 ,if only a small quantity is
 gr[n1 x is be/ to s[ x on ridges1 z x  
!n1 no d\bt1 c be kept free f we$s1 & ! 
co/ ( we$+1 on an acre or two1 is b     
trifl+2 b x is an error to suppose t    
luc]ne _c be s[n broadca/4 ,at ! cattle 
f>m at ,hiss>1 9 ! ,punjab1 sev]al      
hundr$ acres 7 gr[n 9 ?is way1 z ! co/ (
 mak+ ridges on su* a l>ge quantity ( l&
 w\ld h be5 prohibitive4 ,( c\rse1 ?is  
luc]ne 0 n s clean z if x _h be5 gr[n on
 ridges1 b ! cattle pick$ x out f ! we$s
 :5 x 0 put be=e !m4 ,fre% se$ w h to be
 s[n ab\t e ?ree ye>s1 & ! crop may be  
cut ab\t five or six times dur+ !       
season4 ,ab\t #d lbs4 is en\gh = a      
horse1 b x is be/ to beg9 ) half ?is    
quantity & gradually increase x1 z if   
too l>ge an am\nt is giv5 at once x is  
likely to cause colic4   ,gu9ea ,grass4 
,"s ye>s ago ?is 0 a v fav\rite grass   
=age to gr[ = horses1 b lately luc]ne   

has supplant$ x1 &1 ,i ?9k1 rightly4 ,! 
advantage ( gu9ea grass is t x la/s     
?r\gh ! hotte/ mon?s ( ! ye>1 :i* luc]ne
 does n1 b x requires a great deal (    
wat]4 ,x gr[s 9 sep>ate tufts1 & !y %\ld
 be plant$ "s di/ance ap>t1 or o!rwise  
!y w cr[d ea* o!r out4   ,sug> ,cane    
7gunna74  ,sug> cane is n (t5 us$ z an  
actual food1 b horses are v fond ( x1 & 
on my visits to ! /able ,i usually _h "s
 pieces c>ri$ aft] me 9 a basket :5 x 0 
9 season4 ,x rip5s at ! end ( ! summ]1 &
 la/s into ! w9t]4 ,x is sold 9 long    
/icks1 & %\ld be *opp$ up into pieces2 b
 ! s]vants w /eal x1 z !y eat x !mselves
 z a sweetmeat4   ,turnips 7%algham74   
,! ord9>y :ite turnip gr[s all ov] !    
,punjab 9 ! w9t]1 & :5 c>rots are n to  
be procur$1 ,i h us$ !m 9 _! place1     
prep>+ !m 9 ! same mann]4 ,horses soon  
le>n to eat & reli% !m4   ,salt         
7nimmuk74  ,salt is requir$ by all      
animals 9 a c]ta9 quantity 9 _! food to 
keep !m 9 heal?4 ,!re are ?ree diff]5t  
v>ieties sold 9 ! native %ops4 ,rock    

salt 7putt] ke nimmuk72 ord9>y salt1 :i*
 is m]ely ! rock salt cru%$ & p[d]$2 &  
black salt 7kali nimmuk74 ,on ! coa/ sea
 salt c also be obta9$1 b x is n to be  
f\nd f> inl&4 ,! common cu/om 9 ,india  
is to give p[d]$ salt 9 ! food1 ! usual 
daily all[ance be+ ab\t an ounce4 ,i    
pref] to leave a lump ( rock salt 9 !   
mang] = ! horse to lick :5 he likes4 ,"s
 own]s h a lump ( x hung by a /r+ to !  
wall1 b ,i d n ?9k ?is is advisable1 z  
,i h kn[n m ?an "o horse turn a         
w9d-suck] f gett+ into ! habit ( lick+ &
 play+ ) x4   ,tonics4  ,x is a common  
supposition1 deeply root$ 9 ! m9ds (    
horsem51 t1 :5 a horse loses condition1 
he at once requires a tonic2 & an imm5se
 numb] ( ^! & condition p[d]s are       
adv]tis$4 ,!re is no bett] pay+         
speculation 9 ! _w ?an ! sale ( ^!      
articles1 z ! majority ( !m consi/ ( a  
few *eap & simple +r$i5ts1 t are retail$
 to ! public at a hundr$ p] c5t4 _!     
orig9al co/2 & ! be/ t c be said ab\t ^!
 no/rums is t "s ( !m are innoc5t & d no

 h>m1 :ile !y s]ve to amuse ! own]4 ,!  
action ( a tonic is to /imulate !       
appetite1 & if ! horse is fe$+ well !y  
are c]ta9ly useless1 if n actually      
h>mful4 ,if ! horse fe$s1 & cont9ues to 
fall (f 9 condition1 ! *ances are t !re 
is some?+ wrong 9 ! /able managem5t1 :i*
 %\ld be c>efully inquir$ into4 ,if ?is 
only occurs once ) "o animal1 ! inf]5ce 
is t m$ical advice is requir$1 b if     
sev]al are 9 ! same /ate1 or x is a     
matt] ( con/ant occurr5ce1 !n 9 mo/     
cases a *ange ( syce is requir$1 & x w  
be usually f\nd bett] & *eap] ?an hav+  
rec\rse to any ( ^! v>i\s adv]tis$      
cure-alls4   ,horses n ,fe$+4  ,horses  
refuse _! food f a v>iety ( causes4 ,x  
is usually ! fir/ symptom notic$ 9 !    
majority ( attacks ( illness1 & ,i _c   
too /rongly urge t 9 su* cases ! soon]  
pr(essional advice is obta9$ ! bett]1   
!re be+ no?+ 9 :i* ! old prov]b1 a /it* 
9 "t saves n9e1 m applies to4 ,on ! o!r 
h&1 horse own]s are incl9$ to get v     
anxi\s )\t cause ab\t horses n fe$+1 &  

to imag9e t because he refuses to fe$1  
or does n f9i% x up ) a good appetite1 t
 ! animal is 9 a dang]\s /ate4 ,horses  
are mu* l ourselves1 & we all "k t we   
sometimes d n feel incl9$ to d ju/ice to
 a squ>e meal1 & t if we d9e (f a plate 
( s\p we feel ready = a good breakfa/ 9 
! morn+4 ,if ! horse refuses 8 fe$1 or  
only plays ab\t ) x1 h x at once remov$2
 at ! next only give him a little hay or
 grass1 & ! probabilities are t at !    
next he w eat up 8 gra9 ) a he>ty       
appetite4 ,if he does n1 !n ! soon]     
pr(essional advice is call$ 9 ! bett]1 z
 y may be c]ta9 t some?+ is wrong4      
,damag$ ,food4  ,damag$1 m\ldy1 or s\r  
food1 ! horse1 ( c\rse1 w n eat unless  
he is v hungry1 & !n only suffici5t to  
/ay 8 appetite4 ,damag$ gra9 !re is no  
excuse =1 & c only be giv5 ?r\gh        
c>elessness or indiff]5ce on ! "p ( !   
own] or 8 s]vants4 ,s\r food1 or food t 
has f]m5t$1 is1 ) ! be/ int5tions1      
likely to be plac$ be=e ! animal1 z x is
 surpris+ h[ soon f]m5tation w set up 9 

damp gra9 9 a hot climate4 ,! food %\ld 
n be damp$ m ?an tw5ty m9utes or half an
 h\r at ! mo/ be=e x is giv51 & a dirty 
bucket w easily contam9ate x4 ,9 ! hot  
wea!r 9 ,india1 p>ticul>ly dur+ ! ra9s1 
:5 bo? man & bea/ are d[n bel[ p>1 v    
little w put bo? (f _! fe$4 ,if ! food1 
h[ev]1 is at all s\r x ought to be at   
once detect$1 z ! smell is unmi/akable4 
,irregul> ,tee?4  ,9 old horses ! back  
tee? get irregul> & worn 9 su* a fa%ion 
t ! food _c be ma/icat$ & cru%$1 & is n 
!n prop]ly dige/$4 ,! upp] jaw ( ! horse
 is wid] ?an ! l[] "o1 s t ! upp] tee?  
ov]lap ! l[] ones at ! outside1 & ! l[] 
ones ! upp] at ! inside4 ,by cont9ually 
we>+1 ! upp] back tee? get worn d[n m on
 ! inside ?an ! outside1 & ! l[] ones m 
on ! outside ?an ! inside1 or1 9 o!r    
words1 ! gr9d+ surface ( ! tee?1 in/ead 
( be+ horizontal1 is at an angle or     
slope4 ,! horse ma/icates 8 food ) a    
sideways motion ( ! jaws1 cru%+ ! food  
betwe5 ! back tee? l mill-/ones1 s t if 
! gr9d+ surfaces ( ! tee? are n level1 b

 slop$ at an angle1 !y become lock$1 &  
prev5t suffici5t sideways play ( ! jaws4
 ,if ?is is suspect$1 ! back tee? c be  
easily inspect$ by turn+ ! horse ) 8    
tail to ! sun1 grasp+ ! tongue ) ! left 
h& & op5+ ! m\?1 :ile ! light is        
reflect$ into x by a small look+-glass  
held 9 ! "r4 ,!y c also be felt by putt+
 "o's h& on ! outside ( ! *eek1 :]e !   
out] edge ( ! upp] tee? c be easily     
felt1 & pu%+ ! f+] inw>ds & upw>ds1 s z 
to get on ! gr9d+ surface :5 ! horse    
op5s 8 m\?1 & ! angle !y are at c be at 
once detect$ ?r\gh ! *eek4 ,?is is1 (   
c\rse1 only a r\gh me?od ( exam9ation1 b
 x gives "o a fair idea ( ! /ate ! mol>s
 are 94 ,if a too? is brok5 or defici5t1
 ! correspond+ "o 9 ! o!r jaw f n be+   
worn d[n w become ov]-gr[n & fill up !  
vacant space1 ev5 gr[+ s long z to      
damage ! gum or bone 9 ! jaw above or   
bel[ x1 z ! case may be1 & prev5t+ !    
horse fe$+4 ,if x is "o ( ! front mol>s1
 x is possible t ! gr[? may be detect$ f
 outside1 b ! probabilities are t a m   

c>eful exam9ation w be necess>y1 &1 at  
all ev5ts1 pr(essional skill requir$ to 
set matt]s "r4 ,horses also suff] f     
decay$ tee?2 &1 9 fact1 ! :ole matt] (  
equ9e d5ti/ry is mu* m important ?an is 
usually suppos$1 _m animals rema9+ poor 
& ?9 simply because _! tee? are n       
prop]ly att5d$ to4   ,"y ,horses ,cutt+ 
,tee?4  ,"y horses sometimes h great    
tr\ble :5 cutt+ _! tee?1 & if !y g (f _!
 fe$ !y %\ld be att5d$ to2 b ?is        
requires pr(essional skill4   ,quidd+4  
,:5 "y horses beg9 to :at is call$ quid 
_! food1 x is almo/ a c]ta9 indication t
 !re is some?+ wrong ) ! m\?4 ,quidd+ is
 ga!r+ up a m\?ful ( hay or grass1 roll+
 x ab\t 9 ! m\?1 & half ma/icat+ x till 
x gets into a lump or ball1 & !n spitt+ 
x out )\t swall[+ x4 ,sometimes a doz5  
or m ( ^! quids w be f\nd 9 ! mang] or  
on ! /able floor4   ,indige/ion 7bud    
hazmie74  ,indige/ion1 or dyspepsia1 :i*
 horses suff] f m commonly ?an ! public 
imag9e1 w put !m (f _! fe$2 b ?is is a  
matt] = pr(essional advice & treatm5t1 &

 x is exce$+ly dang]\s = ! own] to g    
try+ dome/ic rem$ies4 ,i h _h _m fatal  
cases ( b[el diseases br\ght to me t h  
aris5 solely f ?is cause4   ,lampas4    
,?is is a disord] t is firmly fix$ 9 e  
groom's m9d1 bo? ,european & native1 &  
is suppos$ to consi/ ( a swell+ or      
inflammation ( ! palate1 or b>bs1 j     
beh9d ! upp] incisor tee?4 ,i d n d5y = 
a mom5t ! exi/5ce ( su* a ?+1 b :at ,i d
 ma9ta9 is t 9 #ge p] c5t4 ( ! cases    
br\ght to "o1 x exi/s only 9 !          
imag9ation ( ! att5dant4 ,! popul> rem$y
 "s ye>s ago 0 to caut]ize ! "p ) a hot 
iron1 & ,i h no hesitation 9 say+ t any 
"o do+ ?is %\ld be indict$ = cruelty to 
animals4 ,lately1 ! popul> treatm5t has 
be5 m m]ciful 9 hav+ ! "p sc>ifi$ ) a   
lancet1 b ev5 ?is is useless4 ,:]e      
lampas does exi/1 !re is m or less      
enl>gem5t & swell+ ( ! membrane ( !     
entire alim5t>y canal1 b ! b>bs ( ! m\? 
be+ ! only "p visible1 x is popul>ly    
suppos$ to be a local affection4 ,"u ^! 
conditions1 x w be readily und]/ood h[  

utt]ly useless lanc+ or sc>ify+ "o small
 "p ( ! affect$ canal w be4 ,a small    
dose ( ap]i5t m$ic9e1 or ev5 putt+ !    
horse on a laxative diet ( bran ma% = a 
few days1 w d all t is requir$1 )\t hav+
 rec\rse to h]oic measures4   ,nose-bags
 7tobra74  ,nose-bags are sadly neglect$
 by syces1 & unless look$ aft] by !     
own]1 !y nev] dream ( clean+ !m1 s t1   
p>ticul>ly ) lea!r ones1 !y get into a v
 fil?y condition1 & frequ5tly horses    
refuse to eat out ( su* dirty ?+s4 ,bo? 
mang]s & nose-bags %\ld frequ5tly be    
wa%$ & scrubb$ out ) soap1 or s& & wat]4
 ,nose-bags are1 at ! be/1 a necess>y   
evil1 & if !y h to be us$ at all1 canvas
 ones are bett] ?an lea!r1 be+ m easily 
clean$4 ,i only all[$ nose-bags to be   
us$ :5 on ! m>*1 or out 9 camp2 :5 9 !  
/able ! horses 7 f$ out ( an ord9>y     
bucket1 or else a mang]1 & ev5 !n !y 7 n
 fa/5$ on ! head1 b held on ! gr\nd4    
,mang]s 7kurlie74  ,9 ! /able a mang]   
%\ld be us$4 ,9 an ,indian /able "o is  
easily made out ( a %all[1 wide-m\!d    

e>!n vessel 7gumalo71 built up ) mud1   
ab\t ?ree feet high1 9 ! corn]4 ,! syces
 c d ?is !mselves1 & ! gumalo only co/s 
a few p5ce 9 ! baza>4 ,i always _h two  
built 9 opposite corn]s1 "o = food & !  
o!r = wat]4 ,if = any reason ! mang] _c 
be built1 or !re is n "o 9 ! /able1 !n !
 horse %\ld be f$ out ( a t9 or z9c     
bucket1 or else (f a fe$+-%eet4 ,an old 
gunney-bag1 spread out op5$ at ! seams1 
answ]s admirably4 ,! syce %\ld hold !   
bucket or %eet :ile he is fe$+1 or !    
horse is v likely to knock ! fir/ ov]1  
or te> ! %eet1 by paw+ at x ) 8 =e feet4
   ,worms 7kirim74  ,p>asites1 or worms1
 9 ! inte/9es cause horses to lose      
condition v quickly4 ,! mo/ common are  
long :ite ones1 l ord9>y e>?worms1 ab\t 
five to eight in*es long2 & small1 v ?9 
?read-l ones1 ab\t ?ree in*es long4 ,!y 
cause ! horse to become v un?rifty & ?91
 ! coat be+ dull1 )\t ! natural gloss t 
is se5 9 heal?1 or z x is t]m$1         
hide-b\nd4 ,! horse is also apt to back 
up aga9/ any projection1 or into a      

corn]1 & rub 8 tail aga9/ ! wall1 break+
 (f ! hair1 & giv+ x an unsightly       
appe>ance4 ,if worms are suspect$1 !    
syce %\ld be in/ruct$ to look = !m 9 !  
horse's dropp+s 9 ! morn+1 :]e ! long   
ones are mo/ likely to be f\nd2 also to 
exam9e "u 8 dock1 :]e ! small ones w    
leave a yell[i% incru/ation "u ! root ( 
! tail4 ,an enema ( common salt & wat]1 
made by dissolv+ ab\t a table-spoonful (
 salt 9 a qu>t ( luke-w>m wat]1 g5]ally 
suffices to get rid ( ! small ones4 ,!  
l>ge ones1 h[ev]1 require m$ical        
treatm5t1 :i* %\ld be left 9 pr(essional
 h&s4 ,if !re are any worms pass$1 !    
litt]1 dropp+s1 etc41 %\ld be c>efully  
burn$1 & ! floor ( ! /able scrap$ & !   
dbris burn$1 & a new floor laid d[n4    
,rubb+ ! ,tail4  ,al?\gh commonly due to
 p>asites 9 ! inte/9es1 p>ticul>ly !    
small ?read-worms1 ) "s horses x is a   
trick2 neglect also1 & ! irritation     
caus$ by dirt1 w (t5 cause x4 ,9 ,india 
x is m (t5 se5 9 co>se-br$ horses1 su* z
 _m ,au/ralians are1 ?an 9 c\ntry-br$s &

 ,arabs4 ,if x is f dirt1 wa%+ ! tail   
well ) soap & wat] w /op x2 if x is a   
trick1 keep+ ! tail 9 a tail-case1 :i*  
is m]ely a piece ( lea!r1 ) buckles &   
/raps to fa/5 x on )2 or an ord9>y roll]
 b&age put r\nd f ! tip to ! root w     
g5]ally /op x4   ,sc\r+ 7da/74  ,sc\r+1 
or di>rhoea1 is usually se5 9 n]v\s     
horses :5 !y get excit$1 &1 z a rule1   
disappe>s :5 !y get quiet aga94 ,x is m 
commonly se5 9 light-col\r$1 or :at !   
horseman calls wa%ey1 *e/nuts & blacks1 
?an any o!r col\r4 ,"s horses w always  
sc\r aft] a draught ( cold wat]1 & ) su*
 ! *ill %\ld be tak5 (f ei!r by add+ a  
little w>m wat]1 or /&+ ! bucket out 9 !
 sun = a c\ple ( h\rs be=e x is us$4 ,if
 ! sc\r+ p]si/s1 aft] return+ to !      
/able1 let ! next fe$ consi/ ( dry bran1
 n bran ma%1 & ?is g5]ally /ops x4 ,if a
 horse t is n 9 ! habit ( do+ s sudd5ly 
beg9s sc\r+1 x is a mi/ake to try & /op 
x too sudd5ly1 z frequ5tly x is an ef=t 
( nature to ?r[ (f some?+ delet]i\s to !
 sy/em4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! di>rhoea %\ld     

cont9ue p]si/5t1 !n pr(essional advice  
%\ld be obta9$4     ,,wat]4   ,wat]     
7pani74  ,horses pref] s(t to h>d wat]1 
& are p>ticul>ly p>tial to ra9-wat]4 ,_m
 horses refuse to dr9k at all f a runn+ 
/ream1 unless v ?ir/y1 & ev5 !n w n take
 z mu* z is necess>y4 ,mules1 :i* 9 o!r 
respects are h>dy animals1 are v da9ty &
 p>ticul> ab\t _! wat]4 ,su* horses %\ld
 be wat]$ ei!r out ( a bucket or a /ill 
pool4 ,9 m\nta9 & quick runn+ /reams !re
 is (t5 a l>ge quantity ( s& & small    
gravel held 9 susp5sion1 t s9ks to !    
bottom 9 places :]e ! curr5t runs sl[4  
,i h se5 m ?an "o dea? caus$ by         
con/antly wat]+ horses 9 su* /reams1 by 
! animal swall[+ a quantity ( su* s&2 x 
accumulates 9 l>ge masses 9 ! inte/9es1 
& causes s& colic4 ,if x is necess>y to 
wat] horses f su* places = any l5g? (   
"t1 if a suitable pool _c be f\nd :]e ! 
wat] is /ill & ! s& & gravel c settle1  
"o %\ld be made by build+ a dam4        
,times ( ,wat]+4  ,horses %\ld be wat]$ 
half an h\r be=e fe$+1 or1 if ?is _c be 

manag$1 at lea/ two h\rs %\ld elapse    
aft] ! fe$ be=e he is all[$ to dr9k 8   
fill4 ,! reason ( ?is is t ! h>d gra9 ! 
horse eats is only p>tly cru%$ & brok5  
by ! tee?1 & x is 9 ! /oma* :]e x is    
pr9cipally s(t5$ be=e pass+ on into !   
inte/9es4 ,if1 :5 ! /oma* is full (     
p>tly dige/$ food1 a l>ge quantity (    
wat] is giv51 "s ( x w be wa%$ into !   
inte/9e1 &1 be+ h>d1 & n prop]ly s(t5$1 
irritate x & set up colic4 ,! be/ plan  
is to always h wat] 9 front ( ! horse1 s
 t he c dr9k :5 he likes1 & ,i h f\nd t 
!y take mu* less ?is way ?an :5 wat]$ at
 regul> times4 ,9 ,india ?is c be easily
 done by build+ up 9 mud a wide-m\!d1   
%all[1 e>!n vessel1 call$ a gumalo1 9 "o
 corn] ( ! /able1 9 ! same way t a mang]
 is made4 ,x %\ld be high en\gh = !     
horse to conv5i5tly rea* x1 & be kept   
con/antly full4   ,wat]+ ,tr\ghs4  ,:5  
horses are wat]$ at a tr\gh or /ream1 z 
is necess>ily ! case ) milit>y animals1 
if !y are ?ir/y !y pu% _! noses deep    
into x & dr9k gre$ily4 ,!y !n lift _!   

heads & look r\nd !m1 & _m p]sons ?9k !y
 h f9i%$4 ,?is is n ! case1 z ! horse is
 m]ely recov]+ 8 brea? aft] 8 draught1 &
 he %\ld n be tak5 away until he ei!r   
turns r\nd & w dr9k no m1 or until he   
beg9s to spla% ! wat] ab\t ) 8 nose &   
play ) x1 :i* %[s he does n want any m4 
,wat]+ on a ,j\rney4  ,x is commonly    
suppos$ t :5 on a j\rney horses %\ld n  
be wat]$1 b1 9 a w>m climate1 z long z  
only a /eady pace is ma9ta9$ & only a   
mod]ate quantity giv51 x does n d any   
h>m1 &1 to judge f "o's own exp]i5ces1  
c]ta9ly is refre%+4 ,( c\rse1 ?is mu/ be
 done 9 mod]ation1 l ev]y?+2 & x        
und\bt$ly w\ld be dang]\s to all[ a     
horse to dr9k 8 fill & !n give him a h>d
 gallop directly aft]w>ds2 b1 9 bo? !   
,s\? ,african & ,au/ralian colonies1 ,i 
h travell$ "s hundr$s ( miles 9 po/-c>ts
 & coa*es1 & ! driv]s at pretty ne>ly e 
/ream !y cross pull up & all[ ! horses  
to dr9k a few m\?fuls4 ,i h nev] he>d ( 
any h>m com+ f ?is practice1 & at ! end 
( ! j\rney !y dr9k f> less wat] ?an if  

!y _h be5 depriv$ ( x :ile at "w4 ,9    
,norway1 ! c>riole driv]s wat] _! ponies
 9 ! same way1 & x is icy-cold com+ f ! 
glaci]s4   ,wat]+ aft] a ,j\rney4  ,:5 !
 j\rney is complet$1 x is advisable to  
walk ! horse ab\t = a %ort "t1 to all[  
him to get cool be=e wat]+2 or1 bett]   
/ill1 & :at e practical horseman w d1 is
 to pull up & all[ him to walk ! la/    
mile1 s t he arrives at 8 /able fairly  
cool1 & n reek+ ) p]spiration4 ,groom+  
also w be greatly facilitat$ by ?is4    
,wat]+ ,bridles 7kazai74  ,wat]+ bridles
 are g5]ally v mu* neglect$1 syces      
7grooms7 nev] seem+ to ?9k t !y require 
any c>e or att5tion4 ,!y are g5]ally a  
mass ( ru/ & dirt1 & hav+ "o ( ^! fil?y 
?+s put into ! m\?1 is a mu* m common   
cause ( horses go+ (f _! fe$ ?an is     
g5]ally suppos$4 ,!y are frequ5tly ?r[n 
out on ! heap ( b$d+1 & left 9 ! sun all
 day1 & :5 put into ! horse's m\? ! iron
 ( ! bit is burn+ hot4 ,i consid] t ?is 
is "o ( ! *ief reasons ( ! sores t s    
frequ5tly =m at ! angles ( ! m\? 9 !    

summ] mon?s1 & :i* are mo/ tr\blesome to
 cure4 ,! bit ( ! wat]+ bridle %\ld be  
scrubb$ daily ) s& until x is poli%$1 & 
! lea!r-"w clean$ ) soap 7sabon7 or     
dubb+ 7momrogan72 if ?is is n done1 x v 
soon p]i%es ) ! heat & becomes rott51 & 
if a horse is at all fre% & plays ab\t1 
x breaks1 ! animal gets loose1 & a s]i\s
 accid5t is ! result ( ! want ( a little
 =e?\ght4   ,lee*es 7jonk74  ,9 ,india  
lee*es frequ5tly get into ! nose :ile ! 
horse is dr9k+1 especially out ( ponds &
 /reams1 & al?\gh !y are n absolutely   
dang]\s1 !y cause tr\blesome ble$+1 &   
make ! animal c\gh & sneeze4 ,!y are    
sometimes v difficult to get rid (f1 & !
 be/ plan is to place "s wat] 9 a bucket
 be=e ! horse & spla% x ab\t4 ,! lee* is
 attract$ by ?is1 & comes d[n ! no/ril1 
:5 x c be caught if ! op]ator is quick  
en\gh4 ,a h&k]*ief is necess>y1 z ! lee*
 is too slipp]y to hold 9 ! f+]s4 ,x is 
g5]ally be/ to let "o ( ! syces d ?is1  
promis+ him a small rew>d :5 ! nuisance 
is got rid (1 z "s ( !m are wond]fully  

exp]t at x1 & h untir+ pati5ce4         
,wells4  ,9 "s ,indian t[ns !re is a    
wat] supply laid on to ! h\ses by pipes1
 b 9 ! majority x is obta9$ f a well    
7khua7 9 ! comp\nd4 ,9 ^! cases a       
wat]-c>ri] 7bhee/ie7 has to be kept to  
draw & c>ry wat] = ! h\sehold & /ables1 
:i* he br+s 9 a lea!r bag2 mussuk1 !    
small lea!r bucket t he uses to fill !  
bag )1 be+ call$ a dholl4 ,^! wat]-bags 
%\ld be r5ew$ twice a ye>1 z !y get v   
f\l inside if kept mu* long]1 & !y are  
only wor? ab\t ,rs4 #b ea*4 ,v few p ev]
 ?9k ( clean+ out ! well1 b x %\ld be   
done at lea/ once a ye>1 z x is surpris+
 ! am\nt ( rubbi%1 su* z dead leaves &  
vegetation1 gets into x4 ,! l&lord ( !  
h\se %\ld und]take ?is1 b x is g5]ally  
difficult to get him to d x )\t ! t5ant 
?reat5+ to d x himself & d$uct ! co/ out
 ( ! r5t4 ,!re are pr(essional          
well-clean]s 9 ,nor!rn ,india1 :o w d ! 
"w by contract4 ,z a rule1 x takes ab\t 
?ree days1 z ! well has to be pump$ dry 
by work+ ! lift+ :eel ) relays (        

bullocks day & night1 :5 a man goes d[n 
& removes ! accumulation ( rubbi% f !   
bottom4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to fir/ l[]   
d[n a light$ c&le1 or ?r[ a bundle (    
light$ /raw d[n be=e any "o is all[$ to 
desc5d1 z !re is frequ5tly an           
accumulation ( f\l gas at ! bottom1 & ,i
 h kn[n m ?an "o accid5t f neglect ( ?is
 precaution4 ,unless ,i _h v good reason
 = kn[+ t ! well _h be5 lately clean$1  
,i always _h ?is done on go+ into a new 
h\se4 ,if ?is is neglect$1 ! wat] dur+ !
 ra9y season is apt to get v f\l1 & ,i h
 kn[n sev]e outbreaks ( illness f ?is   
cause bo? 9 m5 & animals4     ,,air ,,& 
,,v5tilation4   ,/ables4  ,no?+ is worse
 = horses ?an close1 ill-v5tilat$       
/ables1 & 9 ,india1 :]e !y are made out 
( su* *eap mat]ial z mud & sun-dri$     
brick1 !re is no excuse = _! be+ too    
small4 ,9 "s ( ! new] h\ses1 /ables are 
made out ( burn$ brick2 b ,i pref] !    
old] ones ( mud or sun-dri$ brick1 z !  
walls are g5]ally ?ick]1 & ?is makes !m 
cool] 9 ! summ] & w>m] 9 ! w9t]4 ,x is  

also ( importance t !y %\ld n be too l[1
 b ( ! two evils ,i %\ld pref] a small  
/able ) a l(ty ro( to a l>g] "o ) a l[  
"o1 provid$ !re 0 v5tilation 9 ! top4 ,e
 /able %\ld h a good deep v]&ah r\nd x2 
x n only keeps (f ! sun 9 ! summ]1 b is 
useful to put b$d+1 etc41 9 dur+ ! ra94 
,if !re is no v]&ah1 "o c be easily made
 ) ! flat /raw scre5s us$ by natives1   
call$ jamps1 & bamboo supports4 ,!      
doorways %\ld be high & wide1 s t !re is
 no dang] ( ! horse hitt+ 8 hips or head
 aga9/ x 9 go+ 9 & out4 ,a fractur$     
hip-bone is frequ5tly caus$ by horses   
ru%+ ?r\gh n>r[ doorways1 & a tr\blesome
 disease kn[n z poll evil is g5]ally    
caus$ by /rik+ ! head aga9/ too l[ a "o4
 ,x is also well to h ! sides ( !       
door-po/s r\nd$ (f1 n left at an angle4 
,if !re is no w9d[ at ! back ( ! /able1 
opposite ! door1 "o %\ld be made above !
 horse's head1 & ano!r small] "o on a   
level ) ! floor1 s z to all[ ! air to   
circulate freely4 ,if possible1 avoid a 
draught1 b always rememb] t x is bett]  

to h pl5ty ( fre% air & a draught ?an a 
/uffy /able )\t "o1 z ! horse c always  
be kept w>m ) extra clo?+1 b&ages1 &    
b$d+4 ,?at*$ ro(s are mu* cool] 9 summ] 
& w>m] 9 w9t] ?an ! flat e>!n ones t are
 g5]ally us$ 9 ,nor!rn ,india4 ,indian  
/ables are almo/ always divid$ (f into  
loose boxes1 ! p>tition walls be+       
cont9u$ up to ! ro(4 ,i ?9k !y %\ld be  
only built high en\gh to prev5t ! horses
 teas+ ea* o!r ov] !m1 z if cont9u$ "r  
up !y int]f]e ) ! free circulation ( !  
air4 ,if ?is _c be done1 on acc\nt ( !  
p>titions help+ to support ! ro(1 a w9d[
 %\ld be knock$ ?r\gh 9 ea*4 ,9 ,s\?    
,africa /ables are usually simply a long
 %$ ) a mang] runn+ d[n ! back wall1 )\t
 any p>titions betwe5 ! /&+s1 & ! horses
 are simply ti$ up to a r+ 9 ! mang] ) !
 head rope4 ,cape horses are1 h[ev]1    
exce$+ly quiet1 & w /& /ill all day     
long4 ,!y nev] seem to ?9k ( kick+ or   
bit+ at ea* o!r l ! ,indian c\ntry-br$  
does4   ,*icks4  ,! plague ( flies 9 !  
,ea/1 p>ticul>ly dur+ ! ra9s1 _c be     

realiz$ 9 ,engl&1 & if n protect$ aga9/ 
!m1 !y w almo/ worry horses to dea?4 ,= 
?is reason ! doors & w9d[s ( ! /able    
%\ld be fitt$ ) *icks1 or mats1 made out
 ( split bamboos or re$s1 ) int]spaces  
betwe5 !m1 :i* all[ ( light & air pass+ 
?r\gh1 b :i* w keep ! flies out4 ,!y are
 n v co/ly articles1 & add mo/ mat]ially
 to ! com=t ( ! horse4 ,if c>efully     
look$ aft]1 & n let flap ab\t 9 ! w9d1  
!y w la/ = ye>s ) a v small annual      
exp5diture = repairs4   ,/able ,floors4 
,! /able floor %\ld be made ( wet clay  
beat5 d[n1 & left to ?or\ghly dry4 ,?is 
c be c>ri$ out by ! syces1 & if ?or\ghly
 done1 !y w la/ a good _m mon?s4 ,i     
always make x a practice to dig up !    
floors ( /ables 9 a new h\se1 be=e !y   
are occupi$1 a foot & a half deep1 &    
?or\ghly r5ew x1 & usually x is a/\nd+ !
 am\nt ( f\l e>? t has to be remov$4 ,i 
also h ! :ole ( ! floor pick$ up & r5ew$
 once a ye>--= *oice1 at ! end (        
,septemb] or beg9n+ ( ,octob]1 aft] !   
ra9s h /opp$4 ,any moi/ure %\ld be at   

once remov$1 be=e x has "t to soak into 
! floor2 or1 if x has1 ! moi/ e>? %\ld  
be swept away ) a broom 7j>u71 made out 
( a numb] ( pliable twigs ti$ toge!r1 & 
fre% dry e>? spr9kl$ ov] ! top ( x4 ,a  
supply ( dry p[d]$ e>? %\ld be kept     
outside ea* /able door 9 a box ready =  
use :5 requir$4 ,! ord9>y e>? t is 9 !  
comp\nd w n d to make floors out (1     
al?\gh syces w use x if all[$1 z x is   
less tr\ble to get ?an clay 7ki*] ke    
muttee71 b x w n b9d1 & :5 trodd5 on    
breaks up & we>s into du/4   ,*>coal    
7khoalie74  ,al?\gh x looks dirty1 p[d]$
 *>coal spr9kl$ ov] ! floor has a p[]ful
 effect z a deodoriz]4 ,! a%es ( a wood 
fire d ne>ly z well z *>coal = ?is      
purpose1 & c be obta9$ any:]e1 z wood is
 univ]sally us$ = fuel all ov] ,india4  
,9 "s /ables e>!nw>e vessels 7*atties7  
are buri$ "u ! floor to cat* ! ur9e4    
,?is is an abom9able1 fil?y cu/om1 &    
%\ld nev] be p]mitt$1 z !re is no m     
c]ta9 cause ( disease4 ,diseases ( !    
feet1 su* z f\l smell+1 suppurat+ frogs1

 ?ru%1 & cank]1 are 9 ! majority ( cases
 caus$ by horses /&+ on wet1 fil?y      
floors4   ,picket+4  ,9 ! hot season    
horses %\ld1 if possible1 be picket$ out
 at night z soon z x gets cool 9 ! ev5+4
 ,x is ! greate/ relief to an animal to 
be br\ght out ( a hot /able into ! op5  
air1 ev5 if ! actual temp]ature is no   
less ?an indoors4 ,if ! flies or        
mosquitos are tr\blesome1 ! nets sold = 
! purpose w keep !m (f4 ,if ! net is n  
suffici5t1 a fire made out ( ! /able    
litt] on ! w9dw>d side w drive !m away1 
& horses d n m9d smoke4 ,x is z well to 
h a regul> /&+ made ) mud1 9 ! same way 
z ! /able floor+1 z o!rwise ! gr\nd soon
 gets brok5 up & f\l4 ,! /&+ %\ld be    
swept clean e morn+1 & m5d$ 9 ! same way
 z ! /able floors are4   ,b$d+          
7be*alie74  ,!re is no?+ bett] ?an clean
 /raw = b$d+1 & x is a great mi/ake to  
/9t horses 9 x4 ,if a good deep b$ is   
giv51 !y w lie d[n & re/ !mselves1      
:]eas1 if !re is n en\gh1 & ! floor     
feels h>d ?r\gh x1 !y w walk ab\t ov] x1

 & f> m w be wa/$ ?an if ! horse 0 ly+  
d[n on x4 ,! b$d+ %\ld be tak5 up e     
morn+1 & any soil$ /raw remov$4 ,x %\ld 
be well %ak5 up & spread out 9 ! sun to 
dry & air1 & at night1 :5 aga9 put d[n =
 use1 a small quantity ( fre% /raw add$ 
to x4 ,9 wet wea!r ! b$d+ c be air$ &   
dri$ 9 ! v]&ah4 ,all soil$ /raw &       
dropp+s %\ld be at once remov$ 9 a      
basket 7tokrie71 :i* %\ld be provid$ = !
 purpose2 & x is wond]ful1 if ?is plan  
is adopt$1 h[ little fre% /raw is       
requir$ to keep ! horse con/antly       
suppli$ ) a good b$2 & no?+ is m sav+ to
 ! we> & te> ( ! legs & feet ?an to get 
! animal to lie d[n at night4 ,9        
,au/ralia & ,s\? ,africa :eat or oat    
/raw c be obta9$1 b 9 ,india rice /raw  
is g5]ally us$1 or else ! long elephant 
grass t gr[s on ! banks ( riv]s & swampy
 places4 ,bo? are good en\gh = !        
purpose1 only !y are brittle1 & m is    
requir$ ?an :5 :eat /raw is us$1 z !y   
quickly break up4   ,sawdu/ 7burradah74 
,9 ! nor? ( ,india ! deod>1 or          

,himalayan c$> sawdu/1 c always be      
obta9$ f any ( ! timb] depts on ! banks 
( ! l>ge riv]s1 almo/ = ! exp5se ( c>t+ 
x away4 ,x makes a good b$ if /raw _c be
 obta9$1 b is liable to /ick to ! horse 
& get 9 "u 8 coat if at all long1 &     
gives mu* m "w groom+4 ,x is also m     
tr\blesome to remove 9 ! morn+ to air1 &
 if any w9d is bl[+ a good deal gets    
wa/$4 ,if us$1 x is be/ to h x spread   
out 9 "o /all & leave x !re1 only us+ x 
at night1 putt+ ! horse into ano!r dur+ 
! daytime4 ,any sawdu/ t gets damp or   
soil$ %\ld be at once remov$1 z x v soon
 beg9s to smell badly4   ,%av+s4  ,%av+s
 ( deod> or p9e c also be obta9$1 b !y  
require to be c>efully sort$ out1 z !re 
are likely to be spl9t]s 9 !m1 & 9 ly+  
d[n ! horse may give himself a bad w\nd4
   ,s& 7ret74  ,s& c be obta9$ any:]e   
along ! banks ( ! riv]s2 b x is h>d1 &  
does n =m a v yield+ b$1 & ,i %\ld n use
 x if any?+ else c\ld be got4 ,x        
requires to be sift$1 to get rid ( !    
pebbles & /ones x conta9s4 ,if /raw is  

sc>ce & s& has to be us$1 ! be/ plan is 
to put a lay] ( ab\t a foot ( s& ov] !  
floor1 & a ?9 lay] ( /raw ov] x2 ?is w  
make a mu* s(t] b$ ?an ! s& alone4      
,horses eat+ ,b$d+4  ,?is is a trick "s 
horses h1 & f :i* !y seldom c be cur$4  
,x is g5]ally ! cu/om to put a muzzle   
7*ik-na7 on !m at night2 b ?is1 ( c\rse1
 /ops _! fe$+ at all4 ,i pref] to b$ !m 
d[n ) s&1 sawdu/1 or %av+s1 & leave !m  
free to fe$ at night4 ,if a muzzle is   
us$1 x %\ld be a wire "o1 n lea!r1 z ^! 
get v f\l & dirty1 & int]f]e ) ! horse's
 brea?+1 :i* ! wire "o does n4          
,ex]cise4  ,9 ,india x is usual to      
ex]cise ord9>y hacks1 polo ponies1 &    
h>ness horses1 n do+ any special "w1    
twice a day--morn+ & ev5+4 ,! l5g? ( "t 
!y are out1 & ! am\nt ( gr\nd !y cov]1  
is v v>iable--9 mo/ cases dep5d+ on :e!r
 ! syce is 9 a mood to take ex]cise or n
 himself4 ,!y usually take horses out on
 ! road to ! baza>1 or "s fav\rite      
meet+-place2 & x is n an uncommon ?+ to 
see a c\ple ( doz5 horses1 belong+ to   

v>i\s p1 /&+ ab\t1 :ile _! respective   
syces are sitt+ ab\t1 smok+ & discuss+  
_! ma/]s & v>i\s baza> topics ( int]e/4 
,"u ^! circum/ances ! horses d n get mu*
 ex]cise2 & _m a my/]i\s injury1 t _c be
 acc\nt$ =1 is inflict$ by _! kick+ at  
ea* o!r :ile /&+ ab\t 9 ?is mann]4 ,if !
 comp\nd is l>ge en\gh1 x is a good plan
 to make a r+ ) ! /able litt] & h !     
horses ex]cis$ r\nd x4 ,y c !n be c]ta9 
!y are gett+ a fair am\nt ( "w2 b a l>ge
 r+ is necess>y1 & if !re is a g>d5 x   
spoils ! comp\nd4 ,fur!rmore1 horses get
 into a v c>eless1 slov5ly way ( walk+  
:5 l$ r\nd & r\nd 9 ?is monoton\s fa%ion
 daily4 ,syces g5]ally lead horses at   
ex]cise1 & mo/ horse-own]s w n all[ !m  
to ride2 b ,i ?9k ?is is a mi/ake1 & if 
!y c ride1 ,i always all[ !m to d s4 ,if
 !y lead ! horse1 he w g along 9 a      
li/less fa%ion1 & walk ) 8 head d[n1    
/umbl+ at e /ep2 :]eas1 if he is ridd51 
he w c>ry 8 head up & g 9 a mu* m lively
 & collect$ fa%ion1 & x be+ mu*         
pleasant] = ! syce to ride ?an walk1 !  

full am\nt ( ex]cise is m likely to be  
tak54 ,syces ne>ly always ride at       
ex]cise b>e-back$2 b !y %\ld be made use
 a fold$ blanket z a pad1 kept 9 its    
place by a body-roll]1 z ! anatomy ( !  
native ( ,india is su* t1 )\t any       
protection1 he is likely to give ! horse
 a sore back4 ,!y %\ld also only be let 
use a snaffle bridle1 z few "k h[ to    
h&le a d\ble "o4 ,:5 at ex]cise         
knee-caps %\ld be worn4 ,^! %\ld be     
b\ght f a ,european saddl]1 & c>e be    
tak5 t ! top /rap is fitt$ ) a piece (  
indi>ubb] 9 ! middle1 to all[ ( its giv+
 ) ! motion ( ! limb4 ,if !re is n ?is  
indi>ubb] spr+1 :5 ! top /rap is buckl$ 
tight en\gh to prev5t ! cap slipp+ d[n1 
! motion w cause x to rub ! sk9 at !    
back ( ! knee2 & ,i h se5 "s bad        
abrasions1 t caus$ tempor>y lam5ess1 f  
?is cause4 ,if ! top /rap is buckl$     
loose en\gh to avoid ?is *af+1 !n !     
knee-cap won't /ay up 9 its prop] place1
 if x has no spr+4 ,! c\ntry-made       
knee-caps sold by ! native saddl]s      

seldom are fitt$ ) x2 & if !y are !y _c 
be reli$ on1 z g5]ally ! indi>ubb] is   
bad & p]i%$4 ,! l[] /rap ( ! knee-cap   
%\ld be buckl$ q loose1 x be+ only      
requir$ to keep x d[n & prev5t x flapp+ 
ab\t2 b syces are v apt to draw x tight 
also1 & if !y d1 x is pretty c]ta9 to   
cut ! sk94     ,,groom+1 ,,/able ,,ge>1 
,etc4   ,heel ,ropes 7pe*>ie74  ,if     
possible1 horses %\ld be left loose1 :i*
 g5]ally c be done 9 ,india1 z mo/ ( !  
/ables are loose boxes4 ,sometimes x is 
necess>y to fa/5 !m up1 su* z :5 picket$
 out at night 9 ! hot wea!r or on ! m>*4
 ,!re are sev]al plans ( picket+1 ea*   
hav+ its advantages & disadvantages2 b z
 ^! g5]ally apply to milit>y animals1 ,i
 w m]ely m5tion ^? commonly us$ 9       
private /ables4 ,! mo/ common plan is to
 fa/5 ! horse up ) head & heel ropes1 to
 wood5 pegs driv5 into ! gr\nd4 ,heel   
ropes 7pe*>ie7 consi/ ( ei!r two ropes  
ab\t twelve feet long1 end+ 9 a s+le "o1
 s z to be ,y-%ap$1 ! s+le "o be+ fa/5$ 
to a wood5 peg 7make7 driv5 into !      

gr\nd1 & ! two arms to ! horse's h9d    
fetlocks by means ( lea!r /raps1 call$  
muzzumas4 ,^! /raps are loops ( rope    
cov]$ ) lea!r1 to "o end ( :i* ! heel   
rope is ti$1 & into :i* ! h9d foot is   
slipp$1 be+ secur$ by a flat lea!r ?ong 
w\nd r\nd ! middle ( x beh9d ! fetlock  
jo9t to prev5t its slipp+ (f4 ,! /rap is
 !n ( a fig4 #h1 or h\r-glass %ape1 !   
heel rope be+ ti$ 9 "o loop1 ! foot     
plac$ 9 ! o!r1 ! ?ong =m+ ! neck or     
con/riction4 ,^!1 ,i ?9k1 are ! be/ =m (
 lea!r foot /rap2 b 9 buy+ !m c>e %\ld  
be tak5 t ! /it*+ ( ! lea!r is on !     
outside1 z if x is on ! inside1 :]e     
natives (t5 put x1 x is v likely to rub 
! sk9 & cause a bad crack$ heel4 ,ano!r 
=m ( muzzuma is made out ( /iff flat    
lea!r l9$ ) felt4 ,?is has a slip loop  
go+ r\nd x1 ) a buckle on "o side & a   
/rap on ! o!r1 t runs along ! c5tre4 ,! 
heel rope is ti$ to "o end1 ! foot put  
into ! o!r1 & :5 ! /rap is buckl$       
tightly1 ! runn+ loop is drawn close up 
to ! heel1 s z to keep ! :ole arrangem5t

 9 its place4 ,?is =m ( muzzuma is !    
usual k9d sold2 b x is objectionable1 z 
! edges get /iff & h>d1 & are likely to 
cut ! heel1 :i* ! r\nd ones d n4 ,bo?   
sorts ( lea!r muzzumas require to be    
kept s(t & pliable ) dubb+ 7momrogan71  
:i* syces nev] ?9k necess>y4 ,i1 h[ev]1 
pref] ^? made out ( plait$ hemp or t[4  
,!y are m]ely a b& ( loosely plait$ t[1 
ab\t eighte5 in*es long1 ! heel rope be+
 fa/5$ to "o end1 & secur$ by a /r+ or  
tape j beh9d ! fetlock2 !y are mu* s(t] 
?an ! lea!r ones1 & q z /rong4 ,!       
disadvantage1 h[ev]1 is t !y soon we>   
out1 b !y are v *eap2 9 fact1 ! syces c 
make !m !mselves out ( ! raw hemp or t[ 
7sun74 ,!y are us$ by _m ( ! native     
cavalry regim5ts 9 ,india 9 pref]5ce to 
! lea!r ones4 ,! heel ropes c be made   
out ( "o long rope d\bl$1 a muzzuma     
fa/5$ to ea* free end1 & ! d\bl$ portion
 to a t5t-peg4 ,:5 heel ropes are us$1  
"o %\ld be put on ea* h9d leg2 x is     
dang]\s to only put on "o1 & ,i h se5 m 
?an "o fractur$ ?igh caus$ by ?is4 ,if !

 heel ropes are on bo? h9d legs1 & !    
horse kicks1 he has to d s /raight into 
! air1 z !re is equal re/ra9t on bo?2 b 
if !re is only "o1 ! unequal *eck ( !   
s+le rope is likely to cause a fracture4
 ,if all[$1 syces w always pull ! heel  
ropes s tight z to /ret* ! horse out2 !y
 %\ld be loose en\gh to all[ him to /& 9
 a natural position4   ,head ,ropes     
7agh>i74  ,head ropes %\ld be fa/5$ to !
 r+ on ! head coll> 7nukta7 "u ! *94    
,!re %\ld ei!r be two sep>ate ropes1 "o 
end ( ea* fa/5$ to ! r+1 or "o long "o  
d\bl$ 9 ! middle1 ! c5tral portion fa/5$
 to ! r+1 & ! two ends to two wood5 pegs
 driv5 into ! gr\nd ab\t ?ree or f\r    
feet on ea* side ( ! horse's head4 ,if  
only a s+le rope is us$1 x mu/1         
naturally1 be fa/5$ to a peg /raight 9  
front1 &1 to all[ ! horse to move 8 head
 up & d[n1 mu/ be loose4 ,:5 fa/5$ 9 ?is
 way he is exce$+ly likely to get 8 =e  
leg ov] ! rope & get hung up 9 x1 a na/y
 w\nd 9 ! heel or at ! back ( ! knee be+
 ! result1 if no?+ worse2 :]eas1 if !   

ropes are pegg$ out on ea* side1 he c   
move ab\t freely1 & x w\ld be difficult 
= him to get 8 leg ov] !m4 ,bo? head &  
heel ropes %\ld be made ( hemp2 ! cotton
 rope us$ 9 ,india = mo/ purposes is n  
/rong en\gh1 & soon breaks & we>s out4  
,9 ,pe%awur & along ! nor?-we/ fronti]1 
a rope is made ( goat hair t is v /rong1
 & is excell5t = ?is purpose4 ,x is     
some:at m exp5sive ?an ord9>y rope1 b ) 
c>e w la/ a long "t1 & w amply repay    
itself4 ,bo? head & heel ropes %\ld be  
ti$ to ! pegs 9 a slipknot1 s t ) a s+le
 pull horses c be set free :5 necess>y4 
,syces w usually tie !m 9 a jam-knot1 & 
horses /ruggl+ to get loose :5 fright5$ 
v (t5 badly injure !mselves be=e !y c be
 set free4   ,fetlock ,picket+4  ,a     
me?od ( picket+ horses 0 introduc$ into 
! ,indian army "s ye>s ago1 by disp5s+ )
 head ropes & us+ a %ort *a9 %ackle ab\t
 ?ree feet long1 buckl$ r\nd "o ( ! =e  
fetlocks1 & fa/5$ to a peg driv5 into ! 
gr\nd4 ,?is 0 *iefly done ) ! object (  
r$uc+ ! weight c>ri$1 & ) animals us$ = 

milit>y purposes1 d\btless fulfill$ !   
purpose1 b 9 a private /able ,i fail to 
see its advantages ov] ! o!r plan4      
,picket+ ,po/s4  ,:5 horses are picket$ 
outside ! /able1 & !re is space en\gh1  
picket+ po/s are ! mo/ pref]able me?od1 
z !y all[ great] fre$om ?an any o!r4 ,a 
/\t smoo? po/1 ab\t five or six in*es 9 
diamet]1 is driv5 sev]al feet into !    
gr\nd1 s t x is five or six feet above !
 surface1 a /rong iron r+ is slipp$ ov] 
x1 & to ?is ! head rope is made fa/2 no 
heel ropes are us$1 & ! horse c move    
r\nd x z he pleases4 ,! po/ mu/ be      
smoo?1 s t !re is no?+ = ! r+ to cat* 91
 & :5 put into ! gr\nd ! po9t %\ld be   
put into ! fire & *>r$1 or cov]$ )      
k]os5e oil1 to keep (f ! :ite ants4 ,x w
 also h to be exam9$ occasionally to see
 t x is n damag$ or rott54 ,! only      
drawback to ?is plan is t1 if !re are   
sev]al horses1 a consid]able space is   
necess>y1 z !y mu/ be f> en\gh ap>t to  
prev5t _! kick+ at ea* o!r4   ,r++4  ,9 
,s\? ,africa & ! colonies horses are    

picket$ by ! me?od kn[n z r++1 ! head   
rope ( "o be+ fa/5$ to ! head coll> ( ! 
next1 & s on1 till ! head rope ( ! la/  
is 9 its turn fa/5$ to ! head coll> ( ! 
fir/1 _! heads =m+ a r+ look+ inw>ds4   
,colonial horses w /& l ?is = h\rs      
toge!r2 b !y are v quiet1 & behave 9 a  
diff]5t way to ! ,indian c\ntry-br$4 ,i 
h se5 ! same plan us$ 9 a cavalry       
regim5t ( ! ,italian army on ! m>* ne>  
,milan4   ,rheims4  ,9 ,s\? ,africa head
 ropes are made ( prep>$ raw hide call$ 
rheims4 ,!y are prep>$ by ! ,kaffir wom5
 out ( raw ox hide1 & are v /rong &     
supple1 & are excell5t = ! purpose4     
,knee-halt]+4  ,knee-halt]+ is also a   
,s\? ,african plan ( secur+ horses :5   
turn$ out to graze4 ,! =e leg is lift$  
up1 s t ! =e>m f ! elb[ to ! knee is    
p>allel to ! gr\nd4 ,! head rope1 or    
rheim1 is !n fa/5$ above ! knee1 ! head 
be+ pull$ a little d[nw>ds4 ,! horse is 
!n turn$ out to graze on ! veldt1 & :5 8
 head is d[n fe$+ he c use 8 limbs &    
walk ab\t z he likes1 b z soon z he puts

 up 8 head to trot or gallop ! =e leg is
 pull$ up1 & he has only ?ree to g on1 &
 c easily be caught4   ,%ackles 7bh]i74 
,! natives ( ,india use iron %ackles1   
mu* l h&cuffs1 to fa/5 ) a key r\nd bo? 
=e fetlocks ( horses :5 turn$ out loose2
 b !y are n a desirable inv5tion1 & 9 "y
 animals are v likely to cause r+bones4 
,b ?is1 ,i ?9k1 is on acc\nt ( _! clumsy
 %ape & be+ con/antly worn1 z ,i believe
 %ackles made out ( r\nd iron t %ut ) a 
spr+ 7 us$ by ! ,canadian m\nt$ police  
at "o "t :5 turn+ _! horses out1 & !y   
f\nd !y did n *afe & rub s mu* z lea!r  
ones did4 ,x 0 f\nd t ev5 mov+ ?r\gh !  
wet grass ! /eel hobbles 7 poli%$1 kept 
bright1 & requir$ no att5tion1 :]eas !  
lea!r ones p]i%$ & became h>d1 & gave   
con/ant tr\ble unless c>efully look$    
aft]4 ,i h nev] tri$ ?is plan myself1 = 
,i h f\nd ! ,cape sy/em ( knee-halt]+ :5
 turn+ animals out to graze ! be/ ,i h  
yet come across4   ,picket+-pegs 7make74
  ,picket+-pegs %\ld be made out ( h>d  
wood ab\t eighte5 in*es to two feet     

long2 iron ones are dang]\s4 ,!y %\ld be
 driv5 into ! gr\nd 9 a slant+          
direction1 ! po9t t[>ds & ! head away f 
! animal1 to resi/ ! /ra9 on x4 ,if !re 
are no t5t-pegs1 or ! gr\nd is s s(t t  
!re is no hold+ = !m1 a hole a c\ple (  
feet deep c be dug1 & a bundle ( /raw or
 a c\ple ( t5t-pegs ti$ crossways buri$ 
9 x1 ! e>? trodd5 d[n1 & ! rope br\ght  
out at ! surface4 ,?is w give ample     
hold+1 & may be practically te/$1 =     
al?\gh a v]tical pull w easily br+ x up1
 ! /ronge/ man w fail to move x if !    
/ra9 is horizontal4   ,lead+-ropes 7bagh
 durie74  ,lead+-ropes are ?+s t ru9    
half ! horses' m\?s 9 ,india1 & ,i nev] 
let su* a ?+ into ! /able4 ,if !y are   
us$ z !y 7 orig9ally int5d$ to be1 t is1
 buckl$ into ! r+ ( ! snaffle or wat]+  
bridle to lead ! horse )1 !y d no h>m2 b
 x is impossible to prev5t syces f pass+
 !m ov] ! head & !n back ?r\gh bo? r+s1 
s z to =m a gag1 & ?is !y hang on to4 ,i
 always make !m use a lead+-*a91 :i* is 
a lea!r /rap ) ab\t a foot ( *a9 & a    

snap-hook at ! end ( x4 ,! hook fa/5s   
into ! r+ ( ! snaffle1 & !y _c well pass
 ! /rap ov] ! head to turn x into a gag4
 ,x seems impossible to tea* a syce h[  
to lead a horse 9 a wat]+ bridle1 & ,i  
f9d ^! *a9s ! be/ compromise4   ,bru%es 
& ,ge>4  ,! groom+ ut5sils requir$ 9 an 
,indian /able are v simple3 a           
horse-bru%1 curry-comb1 bucket1 "s      
du/]s1 & a ho(-pick]1 be+ ! sum total2 b
 only "o ( ^! la/ is requir$ among five 
or six horses4 ,x is be/ to get ,engli% 
bri/le bru%es1 !y la/ out two ( ! native
 fibre ones1 & are v little m exp5sive4 
,good horse-bru%es are made by sev]al   
firms 9 ,cawnpore1 &1 ( c\rse1 :5 a l>ge
 numb] are us$1 ! sav+ is consid]able if
 ! c\ntry-made article is b\ght1 b :]e  
only a small numb] are requir$1 ?is is a
 false economy4   ,curry-combs4  ,^! an 
,indian syce _c get on )\t1 & al?\gh he 
only uses x to we> out ! bru%1 /ill1    
aft] all1 x does n d s v mu* h>m2 b a   
bad1 lazy man1 if he is n prev5t$1 w use
 x to scrape ! dirt (f ! horse )4       

,c\ntry-br$s are g5]ally v ?9-sk9n$1 &  
feel ! comb v mu* if sc>ifi$ ) x1 z !   
syce is v fond ( do+2 & ,i am positive t
 ?is practice 9 _m cases has to acc\nt =
 mu* ( ! prov]bial bad temp] ( ^!       
animals4 ,! curry-comb %\ld nev] be put 
on ! horse's body at all1 & 9 reality x 
is useless4 ,if x c be manag$1 x is be/ 
n to give ! syces su* ?+s1 ! only use ( 
!m be+ to clean ! bru% )1 & ?is c be    
done j z well ) ! palm ( ! left h&1 & ! 
bru% does n we> out s quickly2 b x is ! 
cu/om to use ! comb1 & x is h>d to      
prev5t x4   ,buckets 7balti74  ,buckets 
c be b\ght any:]e4 ,z9c ones are bett]  
?an t91 al?\gh p]haps a little m        
exp5sive2 "o %\ld be provid$ = ea*      
horse4   ,du/]s 7jh>ans74  ,du/]s are   
?+s t native s]vants ( e sort seem to   
consume 9 enorm\s quantities1 & unless  
"s *eck is put on x1 ! numb] us$ at !   
end ( ! mon? w be a/oni%+4 ,ei!r ! old  
"o %\ld be produc$ be=e ano!r is giv51  
or else "s contract be giv5 to !m to    
provide !m = !mselves2 b ! =m] plan is !

 be/2 if ! contract sy/em is adopt$1    
fil?y rags w be us$4 ,!y are luckily    
exce$+ly *eap1 & are made ne>ly ev]y:]e4
   ,ho(-pick] 7sum khodna74  ,a         
ho(-pick] c be made out ( almo/ any     
piece ( rod-iron1 & "o %\ld be hung up 9
 e /able4 ,"o = e f\r or five horses is 
en\gh4   ,clo?+ 7gurda9e74  ,9 ,nor!rn  
,india1 if horses are n clipp$ !y       
require 9 ! w9t] at lea/ two ?ick rugs1 
& if !y are clipp$ an extra "o1 z !     
climate f ,novemb] to ! end ( ,febru>y  
is bitt]ly cold4 ,! ord9>y c\ntry clo?+1
 made out ( mundah1 & sold 9 ! baza>s1  
call$ jhools1 keeps horses w>m & answ]s 
its purpose1 & is *eap--a rug ( ?is     
mat]ial co/+ ab\t ,rs4 #c2 b ,i ?9k     
myself t x is false economy to get x1 & 
t ! horse-clo?+ made at ! ,muir or ,elg9
 mills at ,cawnpore1 or ! ,eg]ton mills 
at ,dh>iwal1 9 ! ,punjab1 al?\gh p]haps 
at fir/ some:at m exp5sive1 w 9 ! end be
 f\nd ! *eape/1 z ) c>e "o suit ( ?is w 
la/ _m ye>s1 :]eas ! c\ntry clo?+ is    
seldom mu* good aft] a second w9t]'s    

we>4 ,?is clo?+ is made 9 all sorts (   
col\rs1 & turn$ out 9 suits1 & is e bit 
z good z ,engli% manufactur$4 ,c\ntry   
blankets 7kumbal7 c also be got2 & !    
condemn$ soldi]s' blankets1 t are       
p]iodically sold by ! milit>y           
au?orities1 make excell5t horse-rugs4 ,i
 always ?9k x be/ to get regul>         
horse-clo?+ %ap$ & piec$ out at ! neck  
to buckle across ! *e/1 or1 at all      
ev5ts1 to h "o rug l ?is1 ev5 if ! re/  
are ord9>y squ>e blankets1 z ! %ap$     
clo?+ protects ! front ( ! *e/1 :i* !   
squ>e blanket w n d4 ,! blanket c be us$
 9 ! daytime1 & ! rug on ! top at night1
 buckl+ across ! *e/1 z leav+ ?is "p ( !
 body expos$ is a fruitful s\rce ( c\ghs
 & colds4 ,aprons1 brea/-pieces1 &      
qu>t]-cords are seldom se5 9 ,india1    
except on race horses1 & !n only z a    
fancy matt]4   ,hoods 7khansilla74      
,hoods ) hacks1 h>ness horses1 & polo   
ponies are n (t5 requir$2 b if horses   
are s5sitive to cold1 p>ticul>ly if !y  
are /&+ out at night1 !y are no d\bt a  

great protection4 ,!y are made up ( !   
same mat]ial z ! c\ntry jhool1 & !y also
 c be got to mat* ! clo?+ made at any ( 
! wooll5 mills4 ,9 any case x is a good 
?+ to h a sp>e hood 9 ! /able1 ev5 if x 
is n habitually us$1 z :5 a horse beg9s 
to c\gh if at once put on a sev]e cold  
is (t5 av]t$4   ,body-roll]s 7paities1  
or f>akis74  ,body-roll]s are sold 9 !  
baza> %ops ( native manufacture1 b are  
mo/ flimsy1 & ,i /rongly advise t ei!r  
,engli% ones1 or else ^? made by any ( !
 manufactur]s ( lea!r goods at          
,cawnpore1 :i* are ne>ly z good z       
,engli% ones1 be us$1 al?\gh !y may at  
fir/ be a little m exp5sive4 ,! common  
c\ntry roll]s are always break+1 & nev] 
be+ prop]ly /uff$1 ! webb+ 9 ! c5tre ( !
 two pads presses on ! ridge ( ! sp9e :5
 ! roll] is buckl$ up4 ,!re is no m     
fruitful cause ( sore backs ?an ?is1    
especially if horses are at all ?9 & /&+
 out 9 ! op54 ,syces h a trick ( pull+  
up ! /raps ( ! roll] z tight z possible1
 & if x gets wet ) ! dew or ra9 x %r9ks 

up1 & ! tight webb+ cuts & p9*es ! sk9  
ov] ! backbone1 caus+ a sore back4 ,) a 
prop]ly made roll] ! pressure is tak5 on
 ! sides ( ! back by ! two pads1 & !    
webb+ does n come 9 contact ) ! sk9 at  
all4 ,9 any case1 if ! horses are /&+   
out 9 ! op5 at night1 x is always       
advisable to g r\nd ! la/ ?+ & let !    
roll] out a hole or two4 ,if c\ntry     
roll]s are us$1 direct pressure ( !     
webb+ on ! sp9e c be tak5 (f by putt+ a 
fold$ up du/] or a h&ful ( /raw "u x4   
,if ! back has be5 p9*$ or rubb$ ! roll]
 %\ld be left (f1 & ! blankets or clo?+ 
kept 9 _! place by a c\ple ( tapes or   
pieces ( /r+ /it*$ to ! edge ( ea* & ti$
 "u ! body4   ,b&ages 7puttie74  ,wooll5
 b&ages on ! legs greatly add to !      
horse's com=t :5 /&+ out on a cold      
night4 ,! ord9>y ones sold 9 ! baza>    
answ] well en\gh1 only !y are g5]ally a 
little too wide & n long en\gh4 ,! b&age
 %\ld be put on comm5c+ f bel[ & f9i%+  
"u ! knee or hock1 & n 9 ! rev]se       
direction1 comm5c+ above1 z is (t5 done4

 ,! tapes %\ld be ti$ 9 a b[ outside4   
,:at is kn[n z ! ,newm>ket b&age1 made  
out ( a semi-ela/ic wooll5 mat]ial1 is  
an excell5t "o4 ,x /ret*es some:at :5   
put on ! leg1 & gives x support4 ,!y1   
h[ev]1 are some:at exp5sive--ab\t ,rs4  
#d a set--b ) ord9>y c>e w outla/ sev]al
 pairs ( c\ntry ones4 ,a good b&age is  
made by ! ,muir ,mills ,company at      
,cawnpore out ( ! cotton webb+ call$    
new>2 !y are v *eap & good1 b are n s   
w>m z ! cotton ones4   ,summ] ,clo?+4   
,?is is r a sup]fluity1 &1 unless ) race
 horses1 is n usually indulg$ 91 = at ! 
"t x c\ld be worn x g5]ally is s hot t !
 less ! horse has on him ! bett]4       
,usually "o ( ! blankets us$ 9 ! w9t] is
 kept to ?r[ ov] him :5 /&+ ab\t1 or :5 
walk+ back f "w4 ,drill summ] clo?+ c be
 obta9$ at any ( ! wooll5 mills 9 ,india
 9 a v>iety ( patt]ns1 or a native      
tailor 7durzie7 w make x up 9 y\r own   
v]&ah if y give him a patt]n4 ,at lea/  
two suits p] horse are requir$1 z x v   
soon gets dirty 9 ! w>m season &        

requires wa%+4   ,eye ,fr+es 7makie>a74 
,eye fr+es are absolutely necess>y 9    
,india1 & are us$ 9 p>ts ( ,au/ralia to 
protect ! eyes f ! flies4 ,!y are fa/5$ 
on to ! *eek /rap ( ! head coll> ) a    
small tab & button-hole 9 place ( a br[ 
b&1 & h a fr+e ( ei!r lea!r or cotton   
cords t hang d[n ov] ! eyes halfway to !
 nose4 ,i pref] ! cord ones2 ! fr+es are
 always flat & 9 contact ) ! face1 :]eas
 ! lea!r ones are liable to curl up at !
 ends & all[ ! flies to get und]nea?4 ,!
 cotton ones are easi] m5d$ ?an ! lea!r4
   ,fly ,:isks 7*aurie74  ,i always give
 ea* syce a fly :isk to keep flies (f ! 
horse :ile at ex]cise1 or :5 he is hold+
 him any:]e4 ,!y are v *eap1 la/ a long 
"t1 & if n provid$1 ! syce w arm himself
 ) a dirty du/] or rag ( "s sort = !    
purpose4 ,i may1 p]haps1 be too s5sitive
 on ?is po9t1 b to see a dirty rag      
fl\ri%$ ab\t an o!rwise well-turn$-out  
animal is to me a great eyesore4        
,clean+ ,horse ,clo?+1 & ,/or+ x 9 !    
,summ]4  ,x nev] ent]s ! head ( a syce t

 clo?+ requires to be clean$4 ,x %\ld be
 frequ5tly hung out 9 ! sun & well beat5
 ) a /ick1 l a c>pet is1 & !n well bru%$
 on bo? sides ) a /iff clo!s-bru%4 ,if  
necess>y1 x %\ld be laid out flat &     
scrubb$ ) a bru% & soap & wat]1 r9s$ out
 ) cold wat]1 z hot w make x %r9k1 & !n1
 :5 dry aga91 beat5 & bru%$4 ,! /raps on
 piec$ rugs %\ld h "s dubb+ 7momrogan7  
n[ & aga9 rubb$ into !m1 to prev5t _!   
gett+ h>d & ! lea!r p]i%+4 ,summ] clo?+ 
%\ld be s5t to ! wa%]man 7dhobie7 to be 
wa%$4 ,dur+ ! summ] mon?s wooll5 clo?+  
%\ld be fir/ clean$1 & !n fold$ up & put
 away1 "s camphor1 pepp]1 & leaves ( !  
neem tree1 t gr[s 9 e g>d5 9 ,nor!rn    
,india1 be+ plac$ betwe5 ! folds to keep
 (f ! mo?s4 ,!y %\ld be fold$ away on ! 
top ( a box1 bo>d1 or table1 or some:]e 
rais$ (f ! gr\nd1 to be out ( ! way ( ! 
:ite ants1 & once a week be unfold$ &   
hung out 9 ! sun to air = a few h\rs1   
fold$ up1 & /or$ away aga94 ,!re is no  
occasion to wa/e ! spices t are ) !m2 if
 !y are c>efully unfold$ ov] "s         

newspap]s1 ! :ole c be collect$ & us$   
aga94   ,numdahs4  ,if us$ at all1 felt 
numdahs %\ld h a pla9 edge1 & n be b\nd 
) col\r$ tape1 z !y s (t5 are2          
p>ticul>ly ! *eap] ones1 t are sold by  
native saddl]s4 ,i h frequ5tly se5 sore 
backs caus$ by ?is tape b9d+1 z well z !
 hair 9 :ite horses discol\r$ by ! edge4
 ,:5 put on1 ! numdah %\ld be well pull$
 up into ! ar* ( ! saddle1 p>ticul>ly 9 
front4 ,! common practice is to put !   
numdah flat on ! back1 & !n ! saddle on 
! top ( x1 s t :5 ! weight comes on x1 !
 numdah gets tight & is /ret*$1 & is a  
common cause ( sore backs & gall$ )]s4  
,:5 tak5 (f ! horse's back1 ! numdah    
%\ld be spread out 9 ! sun to dry2 x    
%\ld !n be beat5 ) a /ick & bru%$ ) a   
h>d bru% to get ! dry cak$ p]spiration  
out ( x1 & to br+ ! nap ( ! felt up     
aga94 ,if ?is is n done x w get z h>d z 
a bo>d1 & neglect$ numdahs are c]ta9 to 
give sore backs4 ,if ! saddle is prop]ly
 /uff$ & fitt$ to ! horse's back1 a     
numdah is n requir$1 ! only use ( x be+ 

to save ! l9+ ( ! saddle1 & = ?is       
purpose ,i pref] a lea!r "o4   ,groom+  
7mali%74  ,groom+ is an art t native    
grooms excel 94 ,!y h inf9ite pati5ce1 &
 _! long supple f+]s are peculi>ly      
adapt$ = ! "w4 ,!y1 fur!rmore1 are us$  
to x1 = e ,ori5tal is an adept at       
%ampoo+ or massage1 con/antly do+ x to  
_! own limbs & ^? ( _! fri5ds4 ,:5 !    
horse comes 9 f "w ! bridle %\ld be tak5
 (f him1 hung up on a peg1 & a wat]+    
bridle put into 8 m\?1 ! /irrup irons   
run up to ! top ( ! lea!rs1 & ! gir?s   
slack5$4 ,if !re is a brea/-plate x c be
 tak5 (f1 b ! saddle %\ld n be remov$   
till ! back gets cool4 ,accord+ to !    
season ( ! ye>1 a light or w>m rug %\ld 
be ?r[n ov] ! qu>t]s1 & ! horse walk$   
ab\t till he gets cool4 ,if !re is mu*  
mud /ick+ on him1 x c be rubb$ (f ) a   
wisp ( /raw be=e ! bru% is us$4 ,horses 
%\ld n be wa%$1 or1 if !y are1 only "u v
 exceptional circum/ances1 :5 specially 
ord]$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a fav\rite practice
 among syces1 z x saves a good deal (   

tr\ble2 & x is mu* easi] to wa% (f mud &
 dirt ?an to remove x ) ! bru%1 z ought 
to be done2 !y are also v apt to use !  
curry-comb = ?is purpose4 ,:5 ! horse is
 cool he %\ld be gone ov] ) ! bru%1 to  
remove :at dirt is rema9+1 & :5 ?is is  
f9i%$ ! process %\ld be repeat$ ) ! h&s1
 ! palm & b5d ( ! wri/ be+ us$ = ?is    
purpose4 ,if x is ! hot wea!r1 ! groom+ 
_h be/ be done out-(-doors2 b 9 w9t] x  
is be/ to d x 9 ! /able1 z 9 ,nor!rn    
,india !re is a cold w9d bl[+ ev5 9 !   
middle ( ! day1 & if expos$ to x horses 
are liable to cat* cold4 ,z soon z !    
groom+ is f9i%$1 :i* ) a clipp$ horse c 
be done 9 ab\t half an h\r1 ! clo?+ &   
b&ages %\ld be put on1 &1 if x is ev5+1 
! b$ put d[n4 ,ev5 if n work$1 ?is      
process ( groom+ %\ld take place twice a
 day--be=e ! morn+ & ev5+ fe$4   ,wisps 
& ,groom+ ,pads4  ,/raw wisps or lea!r  
pads are p>ticul>ly useful 9 develop+ ! 
muscle ( a ?9 animal1 or br++ ! sk9 into
 ord] :5 x has be5 neglect$4 ,! wisps   
are made by twi/+ "s ( ! b$d+ /raw      

toge!r into a rope ab\t ?ree feet long4 
,?is is !n d\bl$ 9 ! middle & aga9      
twi/$1 s z to =m a flat pad4 ,two ( ^!  
wisps are us$1 "o 9 ea* h&1 & !y are    
alt]nately br\ght d[n ) a slight slap & 
draw+ motion 9 ! direction ( ! hair1 !  
:ole body be+ massag$ ) !m4 ,x is       
sometimes a good plan1 if !re is mu*    
dirt 9 ! coat1 to cov] ! pad ) a damp   
du/]2 ! dirt seems to /ick to x4 ,?is is
 p>ticul>ly useful :5 horses are *ang+  
_! coats2 ! hair /icks to ! damp clo?1 &
 ! old coat is br\ght out quick] ?an x  
o!rwise w\ld be4 ,! groom+ pads are us$ 
9 ! same way4 ,!y are two circles (     
lea!r ab\t f\r or five in*es 9 diamet]1 
jo9$ toge!r ) a /rip ( *amois lea!r ab\t
 ?ree in*es wide1 s z to =m a pad or    
cu%ion1 t is /uff$ ) t[4 ,on "o side a  
piece ( lea!r or webb+ is /it*$ at ea*  
end1 suffici5tly loose to all[ ! h& to  
be slipp$ "u x 9 ! same way z ! horse   
bru%4 ,two ( ^! pads are us$1 & ! sk9   
beat5 or massag$ by ea* h& alt]nately4  
,al?\gh1 p]haps1 at fir/ horses are     

fidgety1 :5 !y get us$ to x !y appe> to 
enjoy x2 & x has ! advantage ( lett+ !  
own] "k1 if he is n 9 sight1 t ! syce is
 work+ by ! noise he makes4   ,h&-rubb+4
  ,if horses are incl9$ to get fill$ on 
swoll5 legs1 ! t5dons %\ld be well      
h&-rubb$ = five m9utes at ea* groom+    
h\r4 ,?is h&-rubb+ %\ld comm5ce f ! l[] 
portion ( ! limb & be cont9u$ upw>ds1 n 
9 ! rev]se direction1 :i* is ! usual    
practice4 ,! limb %\ld be lift$ up1 & ! 
f+]s work$ ) a knead+ motion beh9d !    
t5dons4   ,wa%+4  ,! feet1 mane & tail  
are ! only p>ts t %\ld ev] be wa%$1     
unless specially ord]$1 & !n z seldom z 
possible4 ,:5 ! feet are wa%$1 great c>e
 %\ld be tak5 t !y are c>efully dri$    
aft]w>ds1 & b&ages put on1 z leav+ !    
legs wet is "o ( ! *ief causes ( crack$ 
heels1 m especially 9 ! w9t] mon?s1 if  
!re is a dry cold w9d bl[+4 ,if soap is 
us$1 x %\ld be s(t-soap2 or1 bett] /ill1
 ! soap nut1 or reita4 ,?is is a b]ry1 !
 %ell or out] cov]+ ( :i*1 :5 soak$ 9   
wat]1 swells up into a /icky mass1 t    

la!rs l soap1 & by natives ( ,india is  
us$ = wa%+ purposes4   ,unev5 ,manes4   
,:5 ! mane gets ragg$ & unev51 x %\ld be
 c>efully bru%$ d[n f\r or five times a 
day ) a damp wat] bru%1 to make x lie   
flat4 ,! long hairs on ! "u side next ! 
neck %\ld be pull$ out1 s t ! mane is   
?9n$1 & ! l[] "p lies 9 a p]fect curve  
along ! neck4 ,"s horses object1 & are a
 little tr\blesome dur+ ?is process2 b1 
if x is done gradually1 x c be easily   
accompli%$4 ,! long hairs 9 ! mane %\ld 
nev] be cut1 unless x is int5d$ to clip 
x (f altoge!r1 & make x into a hogg$    
mane4 ,if ! mane w n lie d[n flat ) an  
ev5 sweep1 x c be cov]$ ) a cake ( mud =
 f\r or five days1 :5 x %\ld be remov$1 
& r5ew$ if necess>y4 ,be+ dry1 x w      
crack1 & ! pieces c be easily knock$ (f1
 & ! du/ bru%$ out4 ,! mud cake g5]ally 
has ! desir$ effect aft] hav+ be5 appli$
 f\r or five times4   ,hogg$ ,manes4  ,!
 manes ( polo ponies & cobs x is !      
fa%ion to hog1 or cut (f close to !     
neck4 ,x is be/ to leave ! =elock1 z x  

gives a c]ta9 protection aga9/ ! flies &
 gl>e ( ! sun2 also1 to leave a lock (  
hair on ! )]1 to grasp ) ! h& :5 m\nt+4 
,! be/ implem5t to hog a mane ) is a    
pair ( ord9>y horse-clipp]s1 b don't use
 a new pair1 or !y w get spoil$2 old    
ones t are no use = ! re/ ( ! body1 d   
well en\gh4 ,x is be/ to sit on !       
animal's back :5 ! mane is be+ hogg$1 & 
to cut =w>ds2 ! hair w be cut mu*       
smoo!r1 & a neat] job made ( x ?an :5   
/&+ on ! gr\nd at ! side4   ,ragg$      
,legs4  ,if ! horse is n clipp$1 ! long 
hairs at ! back ( ! legs look v         
unsightly4 ,!y %\ld be pull$ out1 n cut 
(f4 ,if a little p[d]$ res9 is rubb$ on 
! f+] & ?umb1 ! hair w /ick to x1 & come
 out mu* m easily1 & ! legs w h a smoo?1
 ev5 appe>ance1 :i* c nev] be atta9$ if 
!y are cut (f ) scissors1 no matt] h[   
c>efully ?is is done2 !re w always be   
jagg$ ridges left4 ,! long hairs "u !   
j[l c be s+$ (f by pass+ a light$ c&le  
"u ! jaw once or twice4 ,if ! horse is  
at all fright5$ at ! c&le1 he c be      

bl9dfold$2 b ! op]ation is s quick1 t   
g5]ally x is all ov] be=e he is aw>e (  
:at is be+ done4 ,! long hairs on !     
muzzle & *9 c be clipp$ (f ) a pair (   
ord9>y scissors4 ,if ! horse is n clipp$
 all ov]1 att5tion to ^! "o or two      
little details make all ! diff]5ce 9 8  
appe>ance1 & 9 8 be+ turn$ out sm>t1 or 
! rev]se4   ,trimm+ ,tails4  ,! tail    
%\ld be grasp$ close to ! root ) "o h&1 
:i* is run d[n s t ! hairs are all ga!r$
 toge!r1 & a /r+ or tape ti$ r\nd bel[ !
 fle%y "p at ! tip4 ,! tail %\ld !n be  
drawn out /raight1 & ! hair cut (f ) a  
s+le sweep ( a %>p knife j bel[ :]e !   
/r+ is ti$4 ,! blade ( ! knife mu/ be   
long en\gh to give a draw+ sweep1 :i* an
 ord9>y pocket-knife w n d4 ,!re is no?+
 bett] = ?is ?an a %>p native sword1 or 
tulw>1 z x is long en\gh to cut ?r\gh   
all ! hair at "o /roke2 or1 fail+ a     
sword1 a %>p c>v+-knife w d1 ! long] 9 !
 blade ! bett]4 ,any unev5 ends ( hair t
 rema9 c aft]w>ds be trimm$ (f ) a pair 
( scissors2 or1 bett] /ill1 by a pair ( 

%eep %e>s4 ,tail-cutt+ ma*9es are sold )
 an arrangem5t to fix ! hair ( ! tail ) 
a clamp1 on :i* !re is a slid+          
cutt+-blade4 ,^! cut ! hair (f v smoo?ly
 & ev5ly2 ! only drawback is t !y are   
some:at exp5sive1 co/+ ab\t ,rs4 #af 9  
,calcutta or ,bombay4   ,clipp+4  ,arabs
 & _m c\ntry-br$s c>ry su* f9e coats t  
!y d n require clipp+1 b mo/ ,au/ralians
 & colonials d2 & if ! coat is at all   
incl9$ to get long & ?ick1 x c]ta9ly    
%\ld be tak5 (f1 = horse-clo?+ is s *eap
 t an extra rug c always be got4 ,horses
 %\ld n be clipp$ till ! coat has set1  
i4e4 till ! long w9t] coat has gr[n1 &  
no m hairs w come (f :5 ! h& is rubb$   
ov] ! sk94 ,?is is g5]ally ab\t ! beg9n+
 ( ,octob] 9 ,nor!rn ,india4 ,!y w      
g5]ally require clipp+ twice or ?ree    
times dur+ ! w9t]1 or up to ! middle (  
,m>*4 ,!re are g5]ally "s pr(essional   
clipp]s 9 e /ation1 :o br+ _! own       
clipp+-ma*9es1 & *>ge ab\t two or ?ree  
rupees = a pony1 & an extra rupee = a   
horse ea* "t2 or1 if !re is n su* an    

individual ab\t1 p]mission c g5]ally be 
obta9$ to h x done by any ( ! cavalry   
regim5ts 9 ! /ation4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$
 t horses hav+ j lo/ _! coats w require 
an extra rug t night4   ,clean+ ! ,%ea?4
  ,! own] mu/ himself occasionally see t
 ! horse's %ea? is wa%$ out4 ,syces nev]
 ?9k ?is necess>y1 & ! "p gets into a   
fil?y1 dirty /ate1 t 9 ! summ] mon?s is 
likely to give rise to a tr\blesome     
sore1 call$ a bursattee ulc]4 ,"s horses
 are v tr\blesome to d ?is )1 & x may be
 necess>y to put on a twit* 7k9* mhal72 
b ?is %\ld always be done 9 ! own]'s    
pres5ce4   ,light 9 ,/ables4  ,) a      
new-com]1 syces usually ask = oil to    
burn 9 a native e>!nw>e lamp 7*>ragh7 at
 night1 b x is a ?+ ,i nev] all[4 ,9 !  
fir/ place1 ev5 if ! lamp 0 kept burn+1 
x is n requir$2 horses re/ bett] 9 !    
d>k4 ,9 ! second1 x is dang]\s ) s mu*  
inflammable mat]ial ab\t4 ,9 ! ?ird1 !  
lamp w n be us$ 9 ! /able1 b ! syce's   
own h\se4 ,if a light is ev] requir$1   
:i* is only on r>e occasions1 x is bett]

 to br+ a lant]n out ( ! h\se2 & 9      
,india !re is always a hurricane-lant]n 
to be f\nd 9 e h\se4   ,fires 9 ,v]&ahs4
  ,syces are v fond ( light+ fires &    
mak+ cook+ places 9 ! v]&ah ( ! /able1 b
 ?is ,i nev] all[1 z x litt]s ! place up
 ) cook+ pots1 & makes a great mess2    
also1 x is dang]\s4 ,i always make !m   
c>ry on _! cook+ op]ations 9 ! v]&ahs ( 
_! own h\ses4     ,,saddl]y1 ,,h>ness1  
,,c>riages1 ,,& ,,s]vants4   ,saddles   
7z97 & ,h>ness 7saz74  ,saddles1 h>ness1
 & all lea!rwork requires a good deal m 
c>e & att5tion 9 ,india ?an 9 ,engl&1   
especially dur+ ! hot season1 :5 ! fi]ce
 dry heat w dry up & p]i% all sorts (   
lea!r2 & 9 ! ra9s1 especially 9 ,s\!rn  
,india1 :]e ! atmosph]e is s load$ )    
moi/ure t lea!r1 put on "o side &       
neglect$ = a v few days1 soon becomes   
cov]$ ) mildew4 ,!re are no saddle rooms
 9 ,indian /ables1 & x is usual to keep 
!m 9 a corn] ( a room 9 ! h\se on a     
wood5 saddle-/&1 call$ by natives a     
ghorra horse4 ,9 ! ra9s1 a pan or brazi]

 ( burn+ *>coal %\ld be kept 9 ! room = 
a few h\rs daily1 if !re is n a         
fire-place4 ,saddles are clean$ 9 ! same
 way z 9 ,engl&1 & excell5t saddle soap 
& dubb+ is made by ! ,nor?-we/ ,prov9ce 
,soap ,works at ,me]ut1 & c be obta9$   
almo/ any:]e4 ,if ?is is n us$1 ! syces 
c always make up dubb+ ( _! own1 call$  
momrogan4 ,"s p give _! head syce a     
mon?ly all[ance to provide dubb+1 soap1 
ba?brick1 oil1 etc42 b z !y frequ5tly   
put lime & blea*+ mat]ials ) x1 ,i pref]
 to buy x myself1 & let !m get ! o!r    
articles4 ,!y require a *amoise lea!r & 
a burni%] = /eel-"w1 b "o ( ea* w d = a 
/able ( half a doz5 horses1 & v good    
c\ntry-made lea!rs 7sabur7 c be got = f 
"o to "o & a half rupees4 ,! soap is put
 on to & rubb$ into lea!r-"w ) ! h&s2 b 
! great fault !y h is t !y w put on too 
mu*1 & won't "w x 9 en\gh1 & "o's       
bree*es & h&s w get into a great mess4  
,saddle ,cov]s 7buk bund74  ,a %eet1    
made out ( a description ( co>se c\ntry 
clo? 7k>wah71 is necess>y = ea* saddle  

or set ( h>ness1 to wrap x up 91 & keep 
! du/ & dirt (f4 ,x %\ld be suffici5tly 
l>ge to wrap ! saddle up 9 completely1 &
 9 ! summ] ! syce c br+ x ) him to act z
 a horse-clo? to ?r[ ov] ! qu>t]s :5 /&+
 ab\t4 ,^! saddle-%eets c be made by any
 tailor 9 a few h\rs4   ,bridles4       
,bridles1 d\ble 7dahna71 snaffle        
7kazai71 c be hung up on ! walls1 b a   
piece ( clo? or a few %eets ( pap] %\ld 
be fa/5$ up beh9d !m2 & !y %\ld be      
frequ5tly tak5 d[n if n 9 daily use1 z !
 :ite ants are mo/ de/ructive4 ,x is be/
 to h "o or two extra saddle-/&s made ) 
pegs on !m1 & to hang ! bridles on !m 9 
! middle ( ! room1 away f ! walls4 ,?is 
may be a little m exp5sive1 b a         
saddle-/& c be br\ght = ,rs4 #e t w hold
 a c\ple ( doz5 bridles1 wor? ,rs4 #bj  
apiece4 ,at "o "t plat$ bits 7 us$ 9    
,india1 b ,i ?9k /eel ones are ! be/4   
,syces nev] c tell ! diff]5ce1 & ,i h m 
?an once f\nd a plat$ bit be+           
indu/ri\sly scrubb$ & poli%$ ) s&4      
,h>ness4  ,unless p>ticul>ly desir$1    

br[n h>ness ) brass m\nts is ! be/--=   
,india1 at all ev5ts--= pony-h>ness1 & x
 is ?is class ( animal t is g5]ally us$ 
9 an up-c\ntry /ation4 ,n "o syce 9 a   
hundr$ kn[s h[ to clean black h>ness    
prop]ly1 & if ?is is n done no?+ looks  
worse1 :]eas almo/ any native c clean   
br[n lea!r aft] a fa%ion1 & ev5 if x    
does n /& close inspection1 x w pass    
mu/] at a little di/ance4 ,fairly good  
br[n h>ness is made out ( c\ntry lea!r1 
& x does well en\gh = r\gh "w1 b x nev] 
has ! f9i% ( ,engli%4 ,c\ntry lea!r re9s
 & c\ntry bits %\ld nev] be us$2 !y are 
n reliable1 & are mo/ dang]\s2 ^! %\ld  
always be ,engli%4   ,c>riages4  ,!     
ord9>y two-:eel$ pony-trap or dogc>t1   
us$ 9 an up-c\ntry ,indian /ation1 is   
be/ v>ni%$1 n pa9t$4 ,! hot wea!r ru9s  
pa9t1 &1 unless 9 "s ( ! v l>ge t[ns1 x 
is ne>ly impossible to get !m prop]ly   
repa9t$ aga94 ,any native workman c1    
h[ev]1 v>ni% a trap ) :ite or copal     
v>ni%4 ,be=e all[+ new v>ni% to be put  
on1 ! trap %\ld be produc$ = inspection 

) ! old scrap$ (f1 z x is a fav\rite    
trick to daub new v>ni% ov] ! old1 :5 x 
_c prop]ly set1 & ! fir/ hot sun cracks 
& bli/]s x4 ,9 ! hot wea!r a l>ge e>!n  
bas91 call$ a naund1 %\ld be kept full (
 wat] "u ! c>riage 9 ! coa*-h\se2 !     
evaporation ( ! wat] w keep ! woodwork  
moi/1 & prev5t its crack+ ) ! heat4 ,a  
matt+ made ( ! fibres ( ! khus khus1 or 
lemon grass1 %\ld also be put r\nd !    
nave ( ! :eel1 & kept wet1 = ! same     
purpose1 z x is exce$+ly likely to crack
 ) ! heat4 ,! %afts ( ! trap %\ld n be  
left re/+ on ! gr\nd1 z !y w w>p & b5d2 
!y %\ld be support$ ei!r by a wood5     
tre/le1 or else by a c\ple ( ropes f !  
beams ( ! ro(4 ,! :ip1 :5 n 9 use1 %\ld 
be hung by a /r+ at ! upp] "p to a nail 
9 ! wall1 & a weight1 su* z a brick1 ti$
 to ! butt end to keep x /raight2       
o!rwise1 9 a v %ort "t1 x w get crook$4 
,s]vants4  ,indian syces are diff]5t to 
,engli% grooms1 z ! new arrival w soon  
f9d4 ,!y h peculi> cu/oms ( _! own1 :i*1
 l all ,ori5tals1 !y cl+ to t5aci\sly1 &

 w n give up4 ,if !y are und]/ood !y are
 easily manag$1 & "w well2 b if n1 !    
horse-own]'s life is a burd5 to him1 =  
no ,european c ov]come ! passive        
resi/ance ( ! ,ori5tal4 ,9 ! fir/ place1
 ,i nev] let any ( ! h\se s]vants       
int]f]e ) ! /able4 ,_m p]sons1          
p>ticul>ly ^? new to ! c\ntry1 d ev]y?+ 
?r\gh _! head s]vant1 or be>]2 b ,i make
 him /ick to 8 own "w1 :i* is ! control 
( ! h\se & ! h\se s]vants4 ,i pick out  
"o ( ! be/ & %>pe/ ( ! syces1 *ang+ him 
till ,i get a good man1 mak+ him ! head 
or jem$> syce1 & pay+ him a rupee a mon?
 m wages ?an ! re/2 & he is responsible 
= ev]y?+ connect$ ) ! horses1 & any     
small bills ,i pay to him1 & him alone4 
,! wages ,i pay myself to ea* man       
regul>ly on ! sev5? ( ! mon?1 = ! mon?  
previ\sly4 ,i nev] lift my h& to a      
s]vant1 or f9e him "u any pretext1 z !  
f9e w only be made up out ( ! horse's   
gra91 b1 if fault has to be f\nd1 ,i d s
 9 ! pres5ce ( ! head man2 on ! second  
occasion a w>n+ is giv51 & on ! ?ird !  

(f5d] is dismiss$ on ! spot4 ,i always  
keep a syce & a grass-cutt] = ea* horse4
 ,x is possible to get a syce & two     
grass-cutt]s to look aft] two horses1 by
 pay+ ! syce a rupee a mon? m2 b !      
arrangem5t is n satisfactory1 al?\gh _m 
d x4 ,if ! syce gets ill1 :i* !y (t5 d1 
!re is no "o to d 8 "w1 :]eas1 if !re is
 a man to ea* horse1 !y w arrange !     
extra "w among !mselves4 ,9 ,nor!rn     
,india syces & grass-cutt]s %\ld be     
provid$ ) w>m wooll5 clo!s 9 ! w9t]4 ,an
 excell5t clo? = ! purpose is made by ! 
v>i\s wooll5 mills1 & at mo/ ( !m       
s]vant's clo!s c be b\ght ready made up2
 b x is be/ to give ! m5 ! mat]ials &   
let !m get !m made up !mselves1 o!rwise 
!re is c]ta9 to be some?+ wrong ) !m4 ,a
 syce's coat co/s ab\t ,rs4 #d1 & a     
grass-cutt]'s1 :i* is made out ( a co>se
 blanket+1 ,rs4 #c2 & ^! coats %\ld la/ 
= two w9t]s' we>4 ,9 addition1 ,i us$ to
 give ea* man a coolie blanket t co/    
,rs4 #c1 & :i* w\ld la/ ?ree w9t]s2 &1  
if !y _h to g out mu* into camp1 su* z  

tak+ horses out to meet me on %oot+ or  
pig-/ick+ exp$itions1 a pair ( wooll5   
leg-b&ages1 or putties4 ,x is a mi/ake n
 to give s]vants w>m clo!s1 & a false   
economy1 z1 if !y are n prop]ly protect$
 aga9/ ! cold1 :i* is v sev]e 9 ,nor!rn 
,india1 !y are ev]la/+ly gett+ fev]2 &  
,i "k no great] nuisance ?an hav+ y\r   
head man laid up = two or ?ree days at a
 /ret*4 ,9 ! second place1 if !y h n w>m
 clo!s !mselves1 y c nev] tell if 9 !   
night !y w n take ! clo?+ (f ! horses to
 wrap !mselves up 94 ,a con/ant s\rce ( 
squabbl+ among/ ,indian s]vants is !    
allotm5t ( _! huts or h\ses4 ,9 ! old]  
,indian bungal[s !re is usually en\gh ( 
bo? ^! & /abl+1 b 9 ! new] ones !re is  
n4 ,x is be/1 h[ev]1 n to li/5 to any   
su* compla9ts1 & someh[ ! disputants    
settle ! knotty po9t !mselves4 ,e n[ &  
aga9 x is advisable to see :o is liv+ 9 
y\r comp\nd1 z a mo/ enorm\s numb] (    
relations w turn up1 :o are kn[n z      
bro!rs 7bhai72 & if y don't look out1 y 
w f9d y are giv+ %elt] on y\r premises  

to sev]al hundr$ individuals4 ,indian   
s]vants are always ask+ leave to att5d  
w$d+s1 fun]als1 & religi\s c]emonies2 & 
,i always all[ !m to g1 provid$ "s      
arrangem5t is made to c>ry on _! "w4 ,!y
 are clanni% 9 ! extreme1 & a sub/itute 
0 always =?com+4 ,9 ! hills grass-cutt]s
 are n requir$1 z grass c be b\ght 9 !  
baza>s4 ,! c\ntry p look on ! sale ( ?is
 z a ve/$ "r1 & naturally res5t any     
outsid] cutt+ x or int]f]+ ) !m2 &1 if  
!y d1 !re is pretty c]ta9 to be a       
di/urbance & unpleasantness4 ,if        
grass-cutt]s are pref]r$ to pur*as+ !   
daily supply1 local hillm5 %\ld be      
employ$1 :o w arrange ! matt] ) _!      
neighb\rs1 & n m5 br\ght up f ! pla9s ( 
,india4 ,9 mo/ hill /ations passes or   
lic5ces h to be obta9$ to cut grass4 ,9 
e ,indian /ation !re is an (ficial      
price-li/ ( c\ntry produce publi%$1 &   
%\ld any dispute arise z to ! rates     
*>g$1 x is z well to obta9 x f ! native 
magi/rate 7tehsild>71 ^: decision 9 su* 
matt]s is usually accept$ z f9al1 & :i* 

g5]ally saves an imm5se am\nt ( tr\ble4 
,,%oe+4   ,%oe+ 7nal bundie74  ,%oe+ is 
a subject on :i* a volume might be      
writt5 ( itself1 f> beyond ! scope ( ?is
 little "w1 & = fur!r in=mation on ! art
 ,i w\ld ref] ! read] to ! treatises by 
,dr4 ,flemm+ & ,w4 ,hunt+1 ,esq42 b z   
bo? ^! deal ) ,european practice1 ,i w  
only m5tion a few diff]5ces 9 ! art z   
p]=m$ by ! native smi?1 or nal bund4 ,9 
mo/ l>ge milit>y /ations :]e !re are    
,european troops1 p]mission c g5]ally be
 obta9$ to h horses %od at ! regim5tal  
=ge1 b 9 out-(-!-way places ! native    
arti/ has to be employ$4 ,all horses    
require %oe+ at lea/ once a mon?1 & "s  
(t5]1 z ) "s ! horn gr[s quick] ?an     
o!rs1 & ! ho( requires to be %ort5$     
(t5]4 ,9 ^! cases1 if ! %oe is n worn   
out at ! toe1 x c be replac$ aft] ! foot
 is %ort5$2 ?is is :at ! ,engli% smi?   
calls a remove1 ! native khol bundi4 ,x 
is advisable aft] "w to lift up ! foot &
 look if ! %oes 7nal7 h %ift$ or n1 also
 to exam9e ! cl5* or po9t ( ! nail      

7preg7 :]e x has be5 turn$ ov]1 z x     
sometimes gets turn$ up & /icks out4 ,if
 ?is happ5s on ! inside ( ! ho( x is    
likely to cut ! opposite fetlock 7mawah 
lagna71 & make a bad w\nd t may leave a 
p]man5t sc> or blemi%4 ,"s horses1 f bad
 =mation1 move _! limbs s closely toge!r
 t !y always rub ! fetlock jo9ts :5 !y  
move4 ,?is sometimes c be correct$ by   
:at is kn[n z a bru%+ %oe2 b "s         
badly-%ap$ animals w always d x1 no     
matt] :at sort ( %oe is put on4 ,v>i\s  
=ms ( pads or bru%+ boots are sold to   
prev5t ?is & protect ! "p2 b1 9 my      
op9ion1 :at is kn[n z ! ,iri% boot is ! 
be/4 ,x consi/s ( a ?ick piece (        
blanket1 or mundah1 ab\t six in*es wide 
& ! l5g? ( ! circumf]5ce ( ! leg4 ,?is  
is fa/5$ r\nd ! fetlock ) a tape or /r+ 
s t ! ends are 9 ! middle l9e ( ! leg   
beh9d1 ! upp] half be+ d\bl$ ov] ! /r+ s
 t !re are two ?icknesses to protect !  
fetlock jo9t4 ,i h f\nd ?is f> bett] ?an
 ! m elaborate contrivances sold2 x is  
*eap--any "o c make "o 9 a few m9utes--x

 does n collect mud & dirt l ! o!rs d1 &
 x does n become h>d l ^? boots made out
 ( lea!r1 :i*1 unless c>efully look$ to 
& kept s(t ) soap 7sabon7 or dubb+      
7momrogan71 are liable to cut horses    
badly4 ,! only c>e requir$ 9 putt+ on ! 
,iri% boot is n to tie x too tight1 or !
 tapes may cut ! sk94 ,"s pieces ( horn 
hang+ loose1 t are be+ ca/ (f f ! sole &
 frog 9 ! natural process ( gr[?1 are   
(t5 se54 ,^! are v likely to collect    
dirt & moi/ure1 & if !y d !y %\ld be    
remov$1 b o!rwise be left alone4 ,!y c  
g5]ally be pull$ (f ) ! f+]s1 a piece ( 
/ick1 or ! ho(-pick]4 ,z a rule1 9 !    
pla9s ( ,india ! majority ( horses d n  
require %oes on _! h9d feet1 unless !   
roads are m5d$ ) /one1 or ! climate is v
 damp & ! horn gets s(t4 ,9 ! ra9y      
season1 if mu* "w is be+ done1 !y p]haps
 !n require %oe+ beh9d1 b 9 ! dry season
 ! majority g j z well )\t4 ,9 ! hills1 
:]e ! pa?s are rocky & /ony1 horses1 (  
c\rse1 require %oe+ beh9d4 ,unlike !    
,european1 ! native smi? %oes :at is    

call$ cold1 t is1 he has a numb] ( %oes 
9 sizes f :i* he selects "o z ne> a fit 
z possible1 :i* he hamm]s into %ape on a
 small anvil )\t heat+ x4 ,native %oes  
are g5]ally p]fectly pla91 i4e4 flat on 
bo? sides1 &1 unless specially made1 are
 nev] seat$1 i4e4 slop$ on ! foot       
surface1 or bevell$1 i4e4 slop$ on !    
gr\nd surface4 ,z a rule1 ! nail-holes  
are :at ! smi? calls too f9e1 i4e4 !y   
are too ne> ! out] rim ( ! iron1 & to   
get a hold ! %oe has to be br\ght back s
 t ! horn projects ov] ! iron4 ,to      
obviate ?is ! smi? removes ! toe ) !    
rasp1 ?us weak5+ ! horn at ! v place :]e
 x is requir$ to be /rong4 ,! %oes are  
g5]ally some:at too small also1 & to get
 ! nail to take hold !y h to be set back
 9 ! same way z :5 ! nail-holes are too 
f9e4 ,a native smi?1 unless he has be5  
%[n h[1 nev] kn[s h[ to turn d[n ! po9t 
( ! nail aft] x has be5 driv5 ?r\gh !   
ho( to =m ! cl5*2 he nev] cuts (f !     
sup]flu\s "p1 b turns x r\nd 9 a curl ) 
! p9c]s1 &1 ne$less to say1 ?is is      

exce$+ly likely to cause bru%+4 ,ano!r  
great fault is 8 fondness ( pair+ &     
slic+ away ! frog & sole1 :i* he w h to 
be /opp$ 9 do+4 ,i h seldom se5 a horse 
prick$ 9 %oe+ by a native1 b if left to 
!mselves !y nev] get ! be>+ true1 & z a 
result corns are ( common occurr5ce4 ,( 
c\rse1 su* light %oes z ^? ( native     
manufacture h n a great lot ( we> 9 !m1 
& 9 heavy1 hold+ gr\nd w\ld pull (f1 b  
on ! h>d level pla9s ( ,india !y la/    
well en\gh1 & ! native smi?1 if 8 faults
 are kn[n & correct$1 is n a bad workman
 aft] 8 own lights4     ,,gloss>y ,,(   
,,h9du/ani ,,words4   ,,ad>wah1 p>*$    
b>ley4  ,,agh>i1 a head rope4           
,,akh-,,ta1 a geld+4   ,,bad ,,hazmie1  
indige/ion1 dyspepsia4  ,,bagh1 re94    
,,bagh ,,dorie1 lead+-rope4  ,,baj>a1   
millet se$4  ,,balti1 bucket4  ,,baniah1
 corn-deal]4  ,,bans1 bamboo4  ,,bhai1  
bro!r1 relative4  ,,bh]ie1 iron %ackles 
= horse's legs4  ,,bhe/ie1 wat] c>ri]4  
,,bi*alie1 b$d+ /raw4  ,,buk ,,bund1    
saddle %eet4  ,,burradah1 sawdu/4       

,,*>poy1 native b$/ead4  ,,*>ragh1      
native oil lamp4  ,,*attie1 e>!n pot4   
,,*aurie1 fly-:isk4  ,,*eil1 to dig up  
grass4  ,,*ick1 split bamboo w9d[ bl9d4 
,,*ick-,,na1 muzzle4  ,,*ok]1 bran4     
,,*uckie1 h&-mill4  ,,*unna1 gram4      
,,*urrie1 dri$ %orgum /alk us$ = cattle 
fodd]4  ,,comp\nd1 enclosure r\nd an    
,indian h\se4  ,,cultee1 ! black gram   
us$ z horse food 9 ,madras4   ,,dah1 a  
bill-hook4  ,,dah-,,na1 a d\ble bridle4 
,,da/1 di>rhoea4  ,,da/\r1 cu/om1       
p]c5tage1 p]quisites4  ,,dhan1 unhusk$  
rice4  ,,dha ,,nah1 gra94  ,,dhoob1 an  
,indian grass on :i* horses are f$4     
,,dhool1 a small lea!r bucket us$ =     
draw+ wat]4  ,,durzie1 a tailor4        
,,f>akie1 body-roll]4   ,,gaj>1 c>rots4 
,,gehun1 :eat4  ,,ghorra1 horse4        
,,ghorrie1 m>e4  ,,gudda1 donkey4       
,,gumalo1 e>!n vessel %ap$ l a milk pan1
 hold+ ab\t a gallon4  ,,gunna1         
sug>-cane4  ,,gurda9e1 horse-rug4       
,,hawah1 air4  ,,hookha1 a pipe4        
,,hurrialie1 a species ( grass4   ,,jai1

 oats4  ,,jamp1 a /raw scre54  ,,j>u1 a 
broom4  ,,jh>an1 du/]4  ,,jhool1 c\ntry 
horse clo?+ made out ( felt4  ,,jonk1   
lee*4  ,,j[1 b>ley4   ,,kali ,,nimuk1   
black salt4  ,,k> ,,wah1 a sort ( cotton
 clo?4  ,,kazai1 wat]+ or snaffle       
bridle4  ,,khal1 l9se$ cake4            
,,khansilla1 hood4  ,,khasil1 gre5 food4
  ,,khawid1 gre5 food4  ,,khoalie1      
*>coal4  ,,khol ,,bundie1 a remove 9    
horse %oe+4  ,,khua1 a well4  ,,khus    
,,khus1 lemon grass4  ,,ki*] ,,ke       
,,muttee1 clay4  ,,k9* ,,mhal1 twit*4   
,,kirim1 worm1 weevil4  ,,kumbal1       
blanket4  ,,kurlie1 mang]4  ,,kurpa1 a  
%ort iron hoe1 us$ to dig grass )4      
,,kut*]1 mule4   ,,mali%1 groom+4       
,,make1 a wood5 t5t-peg4  ,,makie-,,ara1
 eye-fr+e to keep (f flies4  ,,maund1   
#hj lbs4 weight4  ,,mawah ,,lagna1 bru%+
 ( ! fetlocks4  ,,missa ,,bhoosa1 gra9  
/alks cru%$ 9 ?ra%+4  ,,moat1 pulse     
gra94  ,,momrogan1 dubb+4  ,,mote1 pulse
 gra94  ,,mung1 pulse gra94  ,,mussuk1  
lea!r wat]-bag4  ,,muttie1 e>?4         

,,muzzuma1 lea!r heel-/rap4   ,,nal1 a  
horse%oe4  ,,nal ,,bund1 a %oe+-smi?4   
,,naund1 a l>ge wide-m\!d e>!n vessel   
hold+ sev]al gallons4  ,,new>1 cotton   
webb+4  ,,nimmuk1 salt4  ,,nirrick1 !   
(ficial price li/4  ,,nukta1 head /all4 
,,numdah1 felt pad = putt+ "u a saddle4 
,,paite1 body-roll]4  ,,pani1 wat]4     
,,pe*>ie1 heel ropes4  ,,preg1 nail4    
,,putt] ,,ke ,,nimmuk1 rock salt4       
,,puttie1 a roll] b&age4   ,,ret1 s&4   
,,reita1 soap nuts4  ,,rhal1 l9se$ cake4
  ,,roll ,,k]na1 to ex]cise4   ,,sabon1 
soap4  ,,sabur1 *amois lea!r4  ,,san1 a 
/allion4  ,,saz1 h>ness4  ,,se]1 a      
two-p\nd weight4  ,,%algham1 turnip4    
,,suffaid ,,bhoosa1 :eat /raw t has be5 
cru%$ & brok5 9 ?ra%+4  ,,sum ,,khodna1 
ho(-pick]4  ,,sun1 t[ or hemp4  ,,syce1 
a groom4   ,,tobra1 a nose-bag4  ,,tok>1
 to trip or /umble4  ,,tokrie1 a basket4
  ,,tulw>1 a curv$ native sword4        
,,ulsie1 l9se$4   ,,z91 a saddle4       
,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,william ,,cl[es
 ,,& ,,sons1 ,,limit$1  ,,/am=d ,,/reet 

,,& ,,*>+ ,,cross4       ,no4 #gh4      
,telegrams3 ,,m(ussil1 ,,london4        
,e/abli%$ #ahai4     ,a ,,selection ,,f 
,,! ,,publications ,,(    ,w4 ,,?ack]   
,,co41   #b1 ,,cre$ ,,lane1 ,,london1   
,e4,c4    ,,&    ,,?ack]1 ,,sp9k  ,,co41
   ,,calcutta4    #ahig4   ,,%aw1 ,,v]o4
  ,h[ to ,*oose a ,dog1 & ,h[ to ,select
 a ,puppy4 ,) ,notes on ! ,peculi>ities 
& ,*>act]i/ics ( ea* ,bre$4 ,by ,,v]o   
,,%aw1 ,au?or ( ,! ,illu/rat$ ,book ( ! 
,dog1 late ,k5nel ,editor ( ! ,field4   
,cr[n #hvo41 sew$1 #as4 #f;d4  ,! ,/ock 
,keep]4--,! price is )9 ev]ybody's      
means1 & ne$less to say ! "w is n ( a   
pret5ti\s nature4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! text  
keeps ! promise ( ! title1 & ! advice t 
is giv5 is good4 ,ea* bre$ ( dog has a  
*apt] to itself1 :i* op5s ) a few       
introductory rem>ks ( a g5]al nature3 !n
 foll[ ! po9ts briefly & pla9ly2 next   
come av]age ( ! pup f six weeks old     
until he atta9s maturity4 ,a c\ple (    
pages at ! end ( ! "w are devot$ to !   
relation1 & a few useful h9ts on buy+1  

fe$+1 & bre$+4 ,ne$less to add t l all  
,mr4 ,v]o ,%aw's writ+s on can9e        
subjects ! in=mation is f\nd$ on        
practical exp]i5ce & imp>t$ 9 easy      
excell5t ,engli%4   ,,nunn1 ,,vety4     
,,capt4 ,j4 ,a4  ,notes on ,/able       
,managem5t 9 ,india & ! ,colonies4      
,second ,edition1 revis$ & enl>g$1 ) a  
,gloss>y4 ,cr[n #hvo41 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 
,,cont5ts4--,food1 ,wat]1 ,air1 &       
,v5tilation4 ,groom+1 ,ge>1 etc4        
,,?omas1 ,,h5ry ,,sullivan1 ,f4,l4,s4   
,! ,rod 9 ,india3 be+ ,h9ts h[ to obta9 
,sport1 ) rem>ks on ! ,natural ,hi/ory (
 ,fi% & _! ,culture4 ,by ,,h5ry         
,,sullivan ,,?omas1 ,f4,l4,s4 7,madras  
,civil ,s]vice1 retir$71 ,au?or ( ,tank 
,angl+ 9 ,india4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,demy  
#hvo41 clo?4 ,9 ! ,press4   ,l& &       
,wat]4--,a book to read = pleasure at   
home1 z well z to use z a h&book (      
exce$+ value to ! angl] :o may be       
already !re1 or int5d+ to visit ,india4 
,capt4 ,m4 ,h4 ,,hayes' ,,books ,,on    
,,horses4  ,,hayes1 ,,capt4 ,m4         

,,horace1 ,f4,r4,c4,v4,s4  ,vet]9>y     
,notes = ,horse-,own]s4 ,an ,illu/rat$  
,manual ( ,horse ,m$ic9e & ,surg]y1     
writt5 9 simple language4 ,fif?         
,edition4 ,?is ,edition is revis$       
?r\gh\t1 consid]ably enl>g$1 &          
incorporates ! sub/ance ( ! ,au?or's    
,s\ndness & ,age ( ,horses4 ,?ick cr[n  
#hvo41 buckram1 #aes4  ,saturday        
,review4--,capta9 ,hayes' "w is a       
valuable addition to our /able          
lit]ature2 & ! illu/rations1 tol]ably   
num]\s1 are excell5t beyond ! rea* (    
criticism4  ,times4--,a necess>y guide =
 horse-own]s1 especially ^? :o are f>   
remov$ f imm$iate pr(essional assi/ance4
  ,field4--,( ! _m popul> vet]9>y books 
:i* h come "u our notice1 ?is is c]ta9ly
 "o ( ! mo/ sci5tific & reliable4 ,if "s
 pa9/ak+ /ud5t w\ld give u works ( equal
 m]it to ?is on ! diseases ( ! o!r      
dome/ic animals1 we %\ld possess a v    
complete vet]9>y libr>y 9 a v small     
compass4  ,illu/rat$ ,sport+ & ,dramatic
 ,news4--,simplicity is "o ( ! mo/      

comm5dable features 9 ! book4 ,:at      
,capta9 ,hayes has to say he says 9 pla9
 t]ms1 & ! book is a v useful "o =      
ev]ybody :o is conc]n$ ) horses4        
,lancet4--,! usefulness ( ! manual is   
te/ifi$ to by its popul>ity1 & ea*      
edition has giv5 evid5ce ( increas+ c>e 
on ! "p ( ! au?or to r5d] x m complete &
 tru/wor?y z a book ( ref]5ce =         
amateurs4   ,,hayes1 ,,capt4 ,m4        
,,horace1 ,f4,r4,c4,v4,s4  ,indian ,rac+
 ,rem9isc5ces4 ,pr(usely ,illu/rat$4    
,impl4 #afmo41 #cs4 #f;d4   ,,hayes1    
,,capt4 ,m4 ,,horace1 ,f4,r4,c4,v4,s4   
,po9ts ( ! ,horse4 ,a famili> ,treatise 
on ,equ9e ,con=mation4 ,second ,edition4
 ,revis$ & enl>g$4 ,?is edition has be5 
?or\ghly revis$ & conta9s num]\s        
additions1 includ+ specially writt5     
,*apt]s on ! ,bre$s ( ,engli% & ,=eign  
,horses4 ,illu/rat$ by #bjj             
reproductions ( ,photographs ( ,typical 
,po9ts & ,horses1 & #bje ,draw+s by ,j4 
,h4 ,,oswald ,,br[n4 ,sup]-royal #hvo41 
clo?1 gilt top1 #cds4  ,also a ,,l>ge   

,,pap] ,,edition1 /rictly limit$ to ,"o 
,hundr$ & ,fifty ,copies = ,engl& & !   
,colonies1 numb]$ & sign$ by ! ,au?or4  
,demy #dto41 art clo?1 top edges gilt1  
uncut1 #fcs4 net4 ,ne>ly all sold4      
,press ,op9ions on ! ,second ,edition4  
,times1 ,feb41 #ahig4--,! intr9sic value
 ( ! book1 & high pr(essional reputation
 ( its au?or1 %\ld ensure ?is new       
edition a cordial welcome f ,sportsm5 & 
all lov]s ( ! horse4  ,field4--,a ye> or
 two ago we _h to speak 9 t]ms ( praise 
( ! fir/ edition ( ?is book1 & we       
welcome ! second & m complete issue4 ,! 
fir/ edition 0 out ( pr9t 9 six mon?s1  
b1 in/ead ( repr9t+ x1 ,capt4 ,hayes    
?\ght x bett] to wait until he _h en\gh 
mat]ial 9 h& to enable him to make to ! 
second edition ^? additions &           
improvem5ts he _h propos$ to himself to 
add4 ,! result is 9 e way satisfactory1 
& 9 ?is h&some book ! se>*] aft] s\nd   
in=mation on ! make & %ape ( ! horse w  
f9d :at w be ( ! utmo/ use to him4 ,^?  
:o h be51 or :o contemplate be+ at no   

di/ant date1 9 ! position ( judges at   
horse %[s1 w d]ive great b5efit f a     
c>eful p]usal ( ,capt4 ,hayes's pages4  
,,hayes1 ,,capt4 ,m4 ,,horace1          
,f4,r4,c4,v4,s4  ,illu/rat$             
,horsebreak+4 ,second ,edition4 ,?is    
,edition has be5 entirely re-writt52 !  
am\nt ( ! lett]press m ?an d\bl$1 & #ge 
reproductions ( ,photographs h be5 add$4
 ,impl4 #afmo41 buckram1 #bas4          
,field4--,x is a *>act]i/ic ( all       
,capta9 ,hayes' books on horses t !y are
 em95tly practical1 & ! pres5t "o is no 
exception to ! rule4 ,a "w :i* is       
entitl$ to high praise z be+ f> & away !
 be/ reason$-out "o on break+ "u a new  
sy/em we h se54  ,vet]9>y ,j\rnal4--,!  
"w is em95tly practical & readable4     
,,hayes1 ,,capt4 ,m4 ,,horace1          
,f4,r4,c4,v4,s4  ,rid+3 on ! ,flat &    
,across ,c\ntry4 ,a ,guide to ,practical
 ,horseman%ip4 ,impl4 #afmo41 clo?      
gilt41 #ajs4 #f;d4  ,times4--,capta9    
,hayes' h9ts & in/ructions are useful   
aids1 ev5 to exp]i5c$ rid]s1 :ile = ^?  

less accu/om$ to ! saddle1 8 in/ructions
 are simply invaluable4  ,/&>d4--,capta9
 ,hayes is n only a ma/] ( 8 subject1 b 
he kn[s h[ to aid o!rs 9 gam+ su* a     
ma/]y z may be obta9$ by ! /udy ( a     
book4  ,field4--,we are n 9 ! lea/      
surpris$ t a ?ird edition ( ?is useful &
 em95tly practical book %\ld be call$ =4
 ,on =m] occasions we 7 able to speak ( 
x 9 t]ms ( comm5dation1 & ?is edition is
 wor?y ( equal praise4  ,baily's        
,magaz9e4--,an em95tly practical tea*]1 
^: !ories are ! outcome ( exp]i5ce1     
le>n$ n 9 ! /udy1 b on ! road1 9 ! hunt+
 field1 & on ! racec\rse4   ,,hayes1    
,,capt4 ,m4 ,,horace1 ,f4,r4,c4,v4,s4   
,tra9+ & ,horse ,managem5t 9 ,india4    
,fif? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo41 clo?1 #gs4 
#f;d4  ,saturday ,review4--,a useful    
guide 9 reg>d to horses any:]e4         
,concise1 practical1 & portable4        
,vet]9>y ,j\rnal4--,we ent]ta9 a v high 
op9ion ( ,capta9 ,hayes' book on ',horse
 ,tra9+ & ,managem5t 9 ,india1' & are ( 
op9ion t no bett] guide c\ld be plac$ 9 

! h&s ( ei!r amateur horseman or vet]9>y
 surgeon newly arriv$ 9 t important     
division ( our empire4  ,field4--,we h  
always be5 able to comm5d ,capta9       
,hayes' books z be+ ess5tially practical
 & writt5 9 und]/&able language4 ,z     
tra9]1 own]1 & rid] ( horses on ! flat &
 ov] c\ntry1 ! au?or has _h a wide      
exp]i5ce1 & :5 to ?is is add$ compet5t  
vet]9>y k1 x is cle> t ,capta9 ,hayes is
 entitl$ to att5tion :5 he speaks4      
,,hayes1 ,mrs4 ,edit$ by ,,capt4 ,m4 ,h4
 ,,hayes4  ,! ,horsewoman4 ,a ,practical
 ,guide to ,side-,saddle ,rid+4 ,) #d   
,collotypes f ,in/antane\s ,photographs1
 & #dh ,draw+s aft] ,photographs1 by ,j4
 ,h4 ,,oswald ,,br[n4 ,squ>e #hvo41 clo?
 gilt1 #ajs4 #f;d4  ,times4--,a l>ge    
am\nt ( s\nd1 practical in/ruction1 v   
judici\sly & pleasantly imp>t$4         
,field4--,?is is ! fir/ occasion on :i* 
a practical horseman & a practical      
horsewoman h collaborat$ 9 br++ out a   
book on rid+ = ladies4 ,! result is 9 e 
way satisfactory1 &1 no matt] h[ well a 

lady may ride1 %e w ga9 mu* valuable    
in=mation f a p]usal ( ',! ,horsewoman4'
 ,! book is happily free f              
self-laudatory passages4  ,! ,que54--,a 
mo/ useful & practical book on          
side-saddle rid+1 :i* may be read ) real
 int]e/ by all lady rid]s4   ,,mill]1   
,e4 ,d4 ,edit$ by ,,capt4 ,m4 ,h4       
,,hayes4  ,mod]n ,polo4 ,a ,practical   
,guide to ! ,sci5ce ( ! ,game1 ,tra9+ ( 
,ponies1 ,rules1 etc4 ,by ,mr4 ,e4 ,d4  
,,mill]1 late #ag? ,lanc]s4 ,edit$ by   
,m4 ,h4 ,,hayes1 ,f4,r4,c4,v4,s4 ,)     
,sixty-f\r ,illu/rations f ,photographs4
 ,impl4 #afmo41 clo? extra1 #abs4 #f;d4 
,a practical & exhau/ive description ( !
 ,sci5ce ( ! game1 duties ( play]s1     
selection1 break+1 tra9+1 & managem5t ( 
ponies1 v>i\s bre$s ( ponies 9 all p>ts 
( ! _w4 ,polo 9 ,india2 ,hurl+ham1      
,indian1 & ,am]ican ,rules1 etc4        
,beautifully illu/rat$ ) sixty-f\r      
reproductions ( ,photographs %[+ ! v>i\s
 po9ts ( ! game1 fam\s ponies1 play]s1  
etc4  ,,cont5ts4--,*apt] ,i4 ,fir/ ,/eps

 at ,polo4--,*apt] ,,ii4 ,!ory &        
,practice ( ,polo4--,*apt] ,,iii4 ,polo 
,appliances4--,*apt] ,,iv4 ,*oos+ a     
,polo ,pony4--,*apt] ,v4 ,tra9+ ! ,polo 
,pony4--,*apt] ,,vi4 ,polo ,pony        
,ge>4--,*apt] ,,vii4 ,polo ,pony        
,managem5t4--,*apt] ,,viii4 ,v>i\s      
,bre$s ( ,polo ,ponies4--,*apt] ,,ix4   
,polo 9 ,india4--,*apt] ,x4 ,polo ,pony 
,bre$+4--,*apt] ,,xi4 ,vet]9>y ,advice  
to ,polo ,play]s4--,app5dix4 ,t\rnam5ts1
 ,laws & ,bye-,laws1 etc4   ,,hayes1    
,,capt4 ,m4 ,,horace1 ,f4,r4,c4,v4,s4   
,fri$b]g] & ,froehn]'s ,vet]9>y         
,pa?ology4 ,translat$ f ! orig9al ,g]man
 ( ! rec5tly publi%$ ,f\r? ,edition1 &  
,annotat$4 ,9 ! press4     ,,=?com+     
,,works4  ,dairy ,c[s4 ,a ,practical    
,guide 9 ! ,*oice & ,managem5t ( ,dairy 
,cattle1 etc4 ,by ,,h>old ,,le5ey1      
,m4,r4,c4,v4,s4  ,! ,be/ ,bre$s (       
,briti% ,/ock4 ,edit$ by ,,john         
,,watson1 ,f4,l4,s4  ,?ack]'s ,vet]9>y  
,ye> ,book4  ,,cont5ts4--,ev5ts ( !     
,ye>--,li/ ( ,(fic]s--,presid5t &       

,c\ncil--,new ,memb]s ,qualifi$ dur+ !  
,ye>--,privileges ( ,memb]s--,/ud5ts :o 
h pass$ ,a & ,b ,classes--,! ,numb] (   
,rejections 9 ,engl& & ,scotl&--,a      
,review ( all ! ,vet]9>y ,m$ical        
,societies--,dige/ ( ,pap]s ,read1 )    
,names ( ,speak]s & ,extracts--,horse   
,fairs & ,m>kets--,auction ,sales &     
,laws--,new ,in/rum5ts--,new            
,drugs--,new ,%oes--,posological        
,tables--,orig9al ,articles by well-kn[n
 ,au?ors1 etc4  ,x has long be5 felt t a
 ,vet]9>y ,ye> ,book 0 ne$$ = use by !  
l>ge & increas+ pr(ession ( ,vet]9>y    
,surgeons1 & x is hop$ t ?is "w w meet !
 necess>y requirem5ts4   ,,hayes1       
,,capt4 ,m4 ,h4  ,fri$b]g] & ,froehn]'s 
,vet]9>y ,pa?ology4 ,translat$ f !      
orig9al ,g]man ( ! rec5tly publi%$ ,f\r?
 ,edition1 & ,annotat$ by ,capt4 ,m4 ,h4
 ,,hayes1 ,f4,r4,c4,v4,s41 ,au?or (     
,po9ts ( ! ,horse1 etc4 ,royal #hvo41   
clo?4   ,,hayes1 ,,capt4 ,m4 ,h4  ,/able
 ,managem5t 9 ,engl&4   ,,pr9t$ ,,by    
,,william ,,cl[es ,,& ,,sons1 ,,limit$1 

,,london & ,,beccles4