,,! ,,art ,,( ,,illu/ration4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,trumpet]4 7,,sir ,,john ,,gilb]t1 ,r4,a47 7,drawn 9 p5 & ink1 f 8 picture 9 ! ,royal ,academy1 #ahhc47 ,size ( draw+1 #e-a_/b by #d-c_/d 94 ,photo-z9c process4 ,! ,art ( ,illu/ration4 ,,by ,,h5ry ,,blackburn1 ,editor ( ,academy ,notes1 ,cantor ,lectur] on ,illu/ration1 c4 ,,) ,,n9ety-,,five ,,illu/rations4 ,,second ,,edition4 ,,london3 ,w4 ,h4 ,,all5 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 #ac1 ,,wat]loo ,,place1 ,s4,w4 #ahif4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,wyman ,,& ,,sons1 ,,limit$1 ,,london1 ,w4,c4 ,,d$icat$ ,,to ,,sir ,,john ,,gilb]t1 ,r4,a41 ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,pione]s ,,( ,,book ,,& ,,newspap] ,,illu/ration4 ,illu/ration3 7,,p5-,,&-,,ink ,,draw+ ,,f ,,8 ,,picture1 ,,by ,,mr4 ,,*>les ,,coll9s1 #ahib47 ,photo-z9c process4 ,,preface4 ,! object ( ?is book is to expla9 ! mod]n sy/ems ( ,book & ,newspap] ,illu/ration1 & especially ! me?ods ( draw+ = :at is commonly call$ process1 on :i* s _m arti/s are n[ engag$4 ,!re is almo/ a revolution 9 illu/ration at ! pres5t "t1 & bo? old & "y--tea*]s & s*ol>s--are 9 want ( a h&book = ref]5ce :5 turn+ to ! new me?ods4 ,! illu/rator ( to-day is call$ ^u sudd5ly to take ! place ( ! wood engrav] 9 int]pret+ tone into l9e1 & requires practical in=mation :i* ?is book is int5d$ to supply4 ,! mo/ important bran* ( illu/ration treat$ ( is l9e draw+1 z x is practically out ( rea* ( competition by ! photograph]1 & is1 moreov]1 ! k9d ( draw+ mo/ easily reproduc$ & pr9t$ at ! type press2 b wa% draw+1 draw+ ^u gra9$ pap]s1 & ! mod]n appliances = reproduction1 are all treat$ (4 ,! be/ in/ructors 9 draw+ = process are1 aft] all1 ! pa9t]s ( pictures :o "k s well h[ to express !mselves 9 black & :ite1 & to :om ,i owe _m obligations4 ,!re is a wide di/9ction betwe5 _! treatm5t ( illu/ration & ! s-call$ p5-&-ink arti/4 ,! g5ius :o /rikes out a wond]ful pa? ( 8 own1 ^: scrat*es & spla%es appe> 9 s _m books & newspap]s1 is ( ! butt]fly ord] ( be+--a creation1 s to speak1 ( ! processes1 & is n to be emulat$ or imitat$4 ,!re is no reason b cu/om :y1 9 draw+ = process1 a man's coat %\ld be made to look l /raw1 or ! backgr\nd 7if !re be a backgr\nd7 h ! appe>ance ( fireworks4 ,no ability on ! "p ( ! illu/rator w make ^! ?+s tol]able 9 ! ne> future4 ,!re is a reaction already1 & signs ( a bett] & m sob] treatm5t ( illu/ration1 :i* only requires a bett] und]/&+ ( ! requirem5ts & limitations ( ! processes1 to make x equal to "s ( ! be/ "w ( ! pa/4 ,! mod]n illu/rator has mu* to le>n--m ?an he imag9es--9 draw+ = ! processes4 ,a /udy ( examples by ma/]s ( l9e draw+--su* z ,holbe91 ,m5zell1 ,=tuny or ,s&ys--or ( ! be/ "w ( ! et*]s1 w n tell ! /ud5t ( to-day exactly :at he requires to "k2 = !y are ne>ly all mislead+ z to ! pr9ciples ^u :i* mod]n process "w is bas$4 ,9 pa9t+ we le>n ev]y?+ f ! pa/--ev]y?+ t x is be/ to "k4 ,9 engrav+ also1 we le>n f ! pa/ ! be/ way to int]pret col\r into l9e1 b 9 draw+ = ! processes !re is practically no pa/ to ref] to2 at ! same "t ! advance ( ! photograph] into ! doma9 ( illu/ration r5d]s x ( vital importance to arti/s to put =? _! be/ "w 9 black & :ite1 & x ?r[s great responsibility ^u art tea*]s to give a good gr\ndwork ( education to ! illu/rator ( ! future4 ,9 all ?is1 education--g5]al education--w take a wid] "p4 ,! ,,illu/rations h be5 select$ to %[ ! possibilities ( process "w 9 educat$1 capable h&s1 r ?an any t\rs de =ce 9 draw+1 or exploits ( g5ius4 ,!y are all ( mod]n "w1 & are pr9t$ on ! same %eets z ! lett]press4 ,all ! ,illu/rations 9 ?is book h be5 reproduc$ by me*anical processes1 except+ n9e 7m>k$ on ! li/71 :i* are engrav$ on wood4 ,ackn[l$gm5ts are due to ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,society ( ,arts = p]mission to repr9t a portion ( ! ,cantor ,lectures on ,illu/ration f _! ,j\rnal2 to ! ,editors ( ! ,national ,review & ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 = p]mission to repr9t sev]al pages f articles 9 ^? reviews2 to ! ,editors & ,publi%]s :o h l5t illu/rations2 & above all1 to ! arti/s ^: works adorn ^! pages4 ,h4 ,b4 #abc1 ,,victoria ,,/reet1 ,,we/m9/]4 ,may1 #ahid4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,*apt] ,i4--,,introductory #a ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,,elem5t>y ,,illu/ration #ae ,diagrams--,daily ,illu/rat$ ,newspap]s--,pictorial v4 ,v]bal ,description4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,,arti/ic ,,illu/rations #dj ,education ( ! ,illu/rator--,l9e ,draw+ = ,process--,sket*+ f ,life--,examples ( ,l9e ,draw+4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,,! ,,processes #ajb ,photo z9co--,gelat9e ,process--,gra9$ ,pap]s--,me*anical ,dots--,half-tone ,process--,wa% ,draw+--,illu/rations f ,photographs--,sket*1 ,graphic1 c4--,daniel ,vi]ge4 ,,*apt] ,v4--,,wood ,,engrav+ #ahb ,,*apt] ,,vi4--,,! ,,decorative ,,page #aig ,,*apt] ,,vii4--,,au?or1 ,,illu/rator1 ,,publi%] #baa ,,/ud5ts' ,,draw+s #bbc ,,app5dix #bcc ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,! copyright ( all pictures sket*$ 9 ?is book is /rictly res]v$4 ,,page ,! ,trumpet]4 ,sir ,john ,gilb]t1 ,r4,a4 7,process7 vi ,swans4 ,*>les ,coll9s ix ,a%es ( ,roses4 ,g4 ,h4 ,b\ghton1 ,a4,r4,a4 #e ,badm9ton 9 ! ,/udio4 ,r4 ,w4 ,macbe?1 ,a4,r4,a4 #f ,a ,son ( ,pan4 ,william ,padgett #aa ,home by ! ,f]ry4 ,edw>d ,/ott #ab ,man 9 ,*a9 ,arm\r4 ,lancelot ,spe$ #ad ,greet+4 ,! ,hon4 ,mrs4 ,boyle #ae ,diagrams 7#e7 #ai-cb ,view above ,blank5burg 7,wood7 #ch ,! ,curvature ( ! ,_w's ,surface #ci ,tiresome ,dog4 ,e4 ,k4 ,johnson 7,process7 #dc ,fru/rat$4 ,walt] ,hunt #dd ,on ! ,rivi]a4 ,ell5 ,montalba #df ,l&scape ) ,trees4 ,m4 ,r4 ,corbet #dg ,an ,odd ,volume4 ,h4 ,s4 ,m>ks1 ,r4,a4 #di ,a ,select ,committee4 ,h4 ,s4 ,m>ks1 ,r4,a4 #ej ,! ,rose ,que54 ,g4 ,d4 ,leslie1 ,r4,a4 #eb ,f9d+ ( ! ,infant ,/4 ,george4 ,c4 ,m4 ,g]e #ef ,a ,pl\ghboy4 ,g4 ,claus5 #ei1 #fa ,bl[+ ,bubbles4 ,c4 ,e4 ,wilson #fe ,ca!dral1 f ,ox ,body ,lane4 ,h4 ,railton #fi ,by ,unfrequ5t$ ,ways4 ,w4 ,h4 ,gore #gj1 #ga ,adv]sity4 ,fr$4 ,hall #gc1 #ge ,a ,will[y ,/ream4 ,maud ,naftel #gf ,tw9s4 ,/anley ,b]keley #gi ,! ,d>k ,isl&4 ,alfr$ ,ea/ #hj ,a ,portrait4 ,t4 ,c4 ,got* #hc ,sir ,john ,t5niel4 ,edw9 ,w>d #hg ,! ,rt4 ,hon4 ,john ,morley4 ,edw9 ,w>d #ij ,no?+ v5ture1 no?+ h4 ,e4 ,p4 ,sangu9etti #ib1 #ic ,on ! ,t]race4 ,e4 ,a4 ,r[e #id ,= ! ,squire4 ,sir ,john ,millais1 ,b>t41 ,r4,a4 #ig ,! ,/opp$ ,key4 ,h4 ,s4 ,m>ks1 ,r4,a4 #ajj ,nymph & ,cupid4 ,h5ry ,holiday #aja ,illu/ration to ,! ,blue ,poetry ,book4 ,l4 ,spe$ #ajb ,a ,portrait4 ,t4 ,blake ,wirgman4 #ajc ,=get ,me ,n4 ,h5ry ,ryl& #aje ,baby's ,own4 ,g4 ,hilly>d ,sw9/ead #ajg ,a ,sil5t ,pool4 ,e4 ,w4 ,waite #ajh ,! ,mill]'s ,daught]4 ,e4 ,k4 ,johnson #aaa ,! ,end ( ! ,*apt]4 ,w4 ,ra9ey4 #aab ,9 ! ,pas de ,calais4 ,j4 ,p4 ,beadle #aac ,gold5 ,days4 ,f4 ,/u>t ,ri*>dson #aad ,twilight4 ,hume ,nisbet #aae ,le ,d5t du ,gant4 ,e4 ,t4 ,compton #aaf1 #aag ,l&scape4 ,a4 ,m4 ,l9d/rom #aai ,vol5dam4 ,c4 ,j4 ,watson #abc ,old ,woman & ,gr&*ild4 ,hugh ,cam]on #abe ,an ,arre/4 ,melton ,prior #abg ,sunrise 9 ! ,sev]n ,valley4 ,m4 ,r4 ,corbet #abi ,! ,adjutant's ,love ,/ory4 ,h4 ,r4 ,mill> #aca ,illu/rations f ,! ,blue ,poetry ,book4 ,l4 ,spe$ #acd1 #e1 #g ,se9e ,boats4 ,l\is ,gri] #ach ,!re is ! ,priory4 ,w4 ,h4 ,woll5 #aci ,f ,&]s5's ,fairy ,tales4 ,j4 ,r4 ,weguel9 #ada1 #adc ,two's company1 ?ree's none4 ,h4 ,j4 ,walk] #adg ,illu/ration f ,black & ,:ite4 ,c4 ,g4 ,manton #adi ,a ,sunny ,l&4 ,george ,we!rbee #aej ,decorative ,design4 ,! late ,r&olph ,caldecott #aea ,sket* 9 wa% 7"p ( picture7 f ,sket* #aee ,! ,brook4 ,arnold ,helck #aeg ,f a ,photograph f ,life4 ,by ,mr4 ,h4 ,s4 ,m5delssohn 7,sket*7 #afa ,f a ,photograph f ,life4 ,by ,messrs4 ,cam]on ,smi? 7,/udio7 #afe ,f a ,photograph f ,life 7,graphic7 7,wood7 #afi ,pr\d ,maisie4 ,lancelot ,spe$ 7,process7 #agc ,f ,pablo de ,segovia4 ,daniel ,vi]ge #agg ,dr9k+ ,horn f ,eric ,bright ,eyes4 ,l4 ,spe$ #aha ,head+ f ,grimm's ,h\sehold ,/ories4 ,w4 ,crane 7,wood7 #ahb ,photograph f ,life4 ,! ,c5tury ,magaz9e #ahg ,driv+ ,home ! ,pigs4 ,john ,p$d] 7,process7 #aic ,joan ( ,arc's ,h\se at ,r\54 ,samuel ,pr\t 7,wood7 #aie ,head+ f ,grimm's ,h\sehold ,/ories4 ,w4 ,crane #aig ,decorative ,page4 ,a4 ,j4 ,gask9 7,process7 #aii ,decorative ,page f ,! ,six ,swans4 ,w4 ,crane 7,wood7 #bja ,title ,page ( ,! ,hobby ,horse4 ,selwyn ,image #bje ,vik+ ,%ip f ,eric ,bright ,eyes4 ,l4 ,spe$ 7,process7 #bjh ,sc>let ,poppies4 ,w4 ,j4 ,muckley #bji ,take ,c>e4 ,w4 ,b4 ,baird #bbb ,spani% ,woman4 ,ina ,bidd] #bbe ,*ildr5 ,read+4 ,e/elle d',avigdor #bbg ,sket* f ,life4 ,g4 ,c4 ,m>ks #bbi ,b\gh ( ,common ,furze4 ,william ,fr5* #bca ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introductory4 ,!re are1 broadly speak+1 two k9ds ( engrav+ = illu/ration 9 books1 :i* are widely di/9ct--#a4 intaglio2 #b4 relievo4 ,! fir/ comprises all engrav+s1 et*+s1 & photogravures 9 :i* ! l9es are cut or ind5t$ by acid or o!r means1 into a /eel or copp] plate--a sy/em employ$1 ) _m v>iations ( me?od1 f ! "t ( ,mantegna1 ,alb]t ,dr]1 ,holbe9 & ,rembr&t1 to ! ,fr5* & ,engli% et*]s ( ! pres5t day4 ,engrav+s ?us produc$ are little us$ 9 mod]n book illu/ration1 z !y _c be pr9t$ easily on ! same page z ! lett]press2 ^! plan*es "p1 z ! ,fr5* t]m !m1 are co/ly to pr9t & are suitable only = limit$ editions4 ,9 ! second1 or ord9>y =m ( illu/ration1 ! l9es or pictures to be pr9t$ are left 9 relief2 ! design be+ g5]ally made on wood ) a p5cil1 & ! p>ts n drawn ^u cut away4 ,?is 0 ! rudim5t>y & almo/ univ]sal =m ( book-illu/ration1 z practis$ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 z reviv$ 9 ,engl& by ,bewick 9 ! eighte5?1 & cont9u$ to ! pres5t day4 ,! blocks ?us prep>$ c be pr9t$ rapidly on ord9>y pr9t+-presses1 & on ! same page z ! text4 ,dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s s _m processes h be5 put =w>d = produc+ draw+s 9 relief1 = pr9t+ ) ! type1 t x has become a bus9ess 9 itself to te/ & und]/& !m4 ,! be/ kn[n process is /ill wood engrav+1 at lea/ x is ! be/ = ! fac-simile reproduction ( draw+s1 z at pres5t und]/ood 9 ,engl&1 :e!r !y be drawn direct ^u ! wood or transmitt$ by photography4 ,!re is no process 9 relief :i* has ! same c]ta9ty1 :i* gives ! same col\r & brightness1 & by :i* gradation ( tone c be m truly r5d]$4 ,z to ! relative value ( ! diff]5t photographic relief processes1 t c only be decid$ by exp]ts4 ,speak+ g5]ally1 ,i may say t !re are six or sev5 n[ 9 use1 ea* ( :i* is1 ,i am in=m$1 ! be/1 & all ( :i* are adapt$ = pr9t+ 9 ! same mann] z a wood-block4#a ,improvem5ts 9 ^! processes are be+ made s rapidly t :at 0 be/ ye/]day w n be ! be/ to-morr[1 & x is a subject :i* is /ill little und]/ood4 ,9 ! pres5t book x is propos$ to speak pr9cipally ( ! m popul> =m ( illu/ration 7relievo72 b ! *anges :i* are tak+ place 9 all =ms ( engrav+ & illu/ration r5d] x necess>y to say a few words fir/ ^u intaglio4 ,we h he>d mu* ( ! pa9t]-et*]s1 & ( ! claims ( ! et*]s to recognition z orig9al arti/s2 & at ! annual exhibition ( ! ,society ( ,pa9t]-,et*]s 9 ,london1 we h se5 examples 9 :i* ! effects produc$ 9 black & :ite seem$ m alli$ to ! pa9t]'s art ?an to ! engrav]'s4 ,b we are consid]+ engrav+ z a means ( int]pret+ ! "w ( o!rs1 r ?an z an orig9al art4 ,! influ5ce ( photography is felt 9 ne>ly e dep>tm5t ( illu/ration4 ,! new photo-me*anical me?ods ( engrav+1 )\t ! aid ( ! engrav]1 h r5d]$ draw+ = fac-simile reproduction ( m importance ?an ev]2 & ! wond]ful inv5tion call$ photogravure1 9 :i* an engrav+ is made direct f an oil pa9t+1 is almo/ sup]s$+ h&work4#b ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,ii4 ,a%es ( ,roses1 by ,g4 ,h4 ,,b\ghton1 ,a4,r4,a4 ,?is c>eful draw+1 f ! pa9t+ by ,mr4 ,b\ghton1 9 ! ,royal ,academy1 reproduc$ by ! ,dawson process1 is int]e/+ = v>iety ( treatm5t & indication ( textures 9 p5 & ink4 ,x is l ! picture1 b x has also ! individuality ( ! draughtsman1 z 9 l9e engrav+4 ,size ( draw+ ab\t #f-a_/b x #c-a_/b 94 ,illu/ration3 ,,badm9ton ,,9 ,,! ,,/udio4 7,,f ,,! ,,pa9t+ ,,by ,r4 ,w4 ,,macbe?1 ,a4,r4,a47 7,royal ,academy1 #ahia47 ,! art ( l9e-engrav+ is disappe>+ 9 ,engl&1 giv+ way to ! pa9t]-et*]s1 ! dry-po9t et*]s & ! mezzot9t engrav]s1 &1 f9ally1 to photogravure1 a me?od ( engrav+ :i* is s extraord9>y1 & s little und]/ood 7al?\gh x has be5 9 con/ant use = m ?an t5 ye>s71 t x may be wor? :ile to expla91 9 a few words1 ! me?od z practis$ by ,messrs4 ,b\ssod1 ,valadon ,co41 successors to ,g\pil1 ( ,p>is4 ,9 ! ,royal ,academy ,exhibition ( #ahhb1 ,sir ,fr$]ick ,leighton's picture call$ ,w$d$ w be rememb]$ by _m visitors4 ,?is picture 0 pur*as$ = ,au/ralia1 & _h to be s5t f ,engl& )9 a few weeks ( ! clos+ ( ! exhibition4 ,!re 0 no "t to make an engrav+1 or ev5 an et*+ satisfactorily1 & s ! picture 0 s5t to ,messrs4 ,g\pil1 :o 9 a few weeks produc$ ! photogravure1 z x is call$1 :i* we see 9 ! pr9tsell]s' w9d[s to ?is day4 ,! op]ation is r\ghly z foll[s3--,fir/1 a photograph is tak5 direct f ! picture2 !n a c>bon pr9t is tak5 f ! negative ^u glass1 :i* re/s ^u ! surface 9 delicate relief4 ,f ?is pr9t a ca/ is tak5 9 rev]se 9 copp]1 by plac+ ! glass 9 a galvanic ba?1 ! deposit ( copp] ^u ! glass tak+ ! impression ( ! picture z c]ta9ly z sn[ takes ! patt]n ( ! gr\nd ^u :i* x falls4 ,?us--omitt+ details1 & c]ta9 secrets ( ! process--x may be se5 h[ mod]n sci5ce has sup]s$$ mu* ( ! engrav]'s "w1 & h[ a me*anical process c produce 9 a few days t :i* =m]ly took ye>s4 ,:at ! p]man5t art-e/imate ( photo-engrav+ may be1 z a sub/itute = h&-"w1 is a "q = ! collectors ( engrav+s & et*+s4 ,9 ! meantime1 x is well t ! public %\ld "k :at a photogravure is1 z di/9ct f an engrav+4 ,! sy/em ( me*anical engrav+1 9 ! reproduction ( pictures1 is spread+ rapidly ov] ! _w2 b x %\ld be obs]v$ t ^! reproductions are n uni=mly successful4 ,"o pa9t]'s me?od ( h&l+ l5ds itself m readily ?an t ( ano!r to me*anical engrav+4 ,?us ! "w ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,academy w\ld reproduce bett] ?an t ( ,mr4 ,g4 ,f4 ,watts or ,mr4 ,or*>dson4 ,t ! actual m>ks ( ! bru%1 ! v texture ( ! pa9t+1 c be transf]r$ to copp] & /eel1 & multipli$ ad inf9itum by ?is beautiful process1 is a fact to :i* _m ,engli% arti/s are ke5ly alive4 ,! process has its limits1 ( c\rse1 & photogravure has at pres5t to be assi/$ to a consid]able ext5t by ! engrav]4 ,b en\gh has be5 done 9 ! la/ few ye>s to prove t photography w h5ce=? take up ! pa9t]'s h&iwork z he leaves x1 & ?us ! importance ( ?or\ghness & complet5ess on ! "p ( ! pa9t] has to be m ?an ev] insi/$ ^u by ! publi%]s ( engrav+s4 ,a ^w may be useful "h to expla9 t ! col\r$ photogravures1 reproduc+ ! wa%es ( col\r 9 a pa9t+ or wat]-col\r draw+1 ( :i* we see s _m 9 ,p>is1 are n col\r$ by h& 9 ! ord9>y way1 b are produc$ complete1 at "o impression1 f ! pr9t+-press4 ,! col\rs are laid ^u ! plate1 "o by "o1 by ! pr9t]1 by a sy/em ( /5cill+2 & ?us an almo/ p]fect fac-simile ( a picture c be reproduc$ 9 pure col\r1 if ! orig9al is simple & broad 9 treatm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,iii4 ,a ,son ( ,pan1 by ,,william ,,padgett4 ,example ( outl9e draw+1 put 9 solidly ) a bru%4 ,if ?is _h be5 done ) p5cil or autographic *alk1 mu* ( ! feel+ & expression ( ! orig9al w\ld h be5 lo/4 ,! draw+ has suff]$ slightly 9 reproduction1 :]e 7z 9 ! %ad[s on ! neck & h&s7 ! l9es 7 pale 9 ! orig9al4 ,size ( draw+ #aa-a_/b #f-a_/b 94 ,z9c process4 ,illu/ration3 ,,home ,,by ,,! ,,f]ry4 7,,f ,,! ,,pa9t+ ,,by ,,edw>d ,,/ott47 7,royal ,academy1 #ahia47 ,"o o!r po9t ( int]e/ & importance to collectors ( engrav+s & et*+s %\ld be m5tion$4 ,)9 ! la/ few ye>s1 an inv5tion = coat+ ! surface ( engrav$ plates ) a film ( /eel 7:i* c be r5ew$ z (t5 z necess>y7 r5d]s ! surface practically inde/ructible2 & x is n[ possible to pr9t a ?\s& impressions f a copp] plate )\t injury or loss ( quality4 ,^! mod]n inv5tions are no secrets1 !y h be5 describ$ repeat$ly 9 te*nical j\rnals & 9 lectures1 notably 9 ^? deliv]$ dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s at ! ,society ( ,arts1 & publi%$ 9 ! ,j\rnal4 ,b ! majority ( ! public1 & ev5 _m collectors ( pr9ts & et*+s1 are ignorant ( ! numb] ( copies :i* c n[ be tak5 )\t det]ioration f "o plate4 ,x is necess>y to ! art amateur t he %\ld "k some?+ ( ^! ?+s1 if only to expla9 :y x is t scrat*+ on a copp] plate has come s mu* into vogue 9 ,engl& lately1 & :y !re has be5 su* a rem>kable revival ( ! art ( ,dr] at ! end ( ?is c5tury4 ,! reason = ! movem5t w be bett] und]/ood :5 x is expla9$ t by ! process j ref]r$ to1 ( /eel+ ! surface ( plates1 ! burr1 z x is call$1 & ! mo/ delicate l9es ( ! engrav] are pres]v$ intact = a mu* l>g] numb] ( impressions ?an =m]ly4 ,! ta/e = et*+s & ! high] =ms ( ! reproductive arts is /ill spread+ rapidly1 b ! fact rema9s t et*+s & ditions de luxe d n rea* "o p]son 9 a ?\s& 9 any civilis$ community4 ,x is only by means ( wood engrav+s1 & ! *eap] & simpl] =ms ( process illu/ration1 t ! public is appeal$ to pictorially ?r\gh ! press4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l9e ,,process ,,block4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,all ! illu/rations 9 ?is book are produc$ by me*anical processes except+ ^? m>k$ 9 ! ,li/ ( ,illu/rations2 & all are pr9t$ simultane\sly ) ! lett]press4 ,= description ( processes1 see ,app5dix4 #b ,"o ( ! la/ & be/ examples ( pure l9e-engrav+ 0 by ,m4 ,j\b]t1 f a pa9t+ by ,e4 ,j4 ,poynt]1 ,r4,a41 call$ ,atalanta's ,race1 exhibit$ 9 ! ,royal ,academy1 #ahgf4 ,! engrav+ ( ?is picture 0 ne>ly ?ree ye>s 9 ,m4 ,j\b]t's h&s--a t>dy process 9 ^! days4 ,illu/ration3 ,,greet+4 7,,by ,,! ,,hon4 ,,mrs4 ,,boyle47 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,elem5t>y ,,illu/ration4 ,! fir/ object ( an illu/ration1 ! practical "p1 is obvi\sly1 to illu/rate & elucidate ! text--a matt] (t5 lo/ sight (4 ,! second is to be arti/ic1 & includes works ( ! imag9ation1 decoration1 ornam5t1 /yle4 ,9 ?is *apt] we %all consid] ! fir/1 ! practical "p4 ,ne>ly tw5ty ye>s ago1 at a meet+ ( ! ,society ( ,arts 9 ,london1 ! g5]al "q 0 discuss$1 :e!r 9 ! matt] ( illu/rat+ books & newspap]s we are really keep+ pace ) ! times2 :e!r ^? ^: bus9ess x is to provide ! illu/rations :i* are toss$ f /eam presses at ! rate ( sev]al ?\s& copies an h\r1 are do+ ! be/ "w !y c4 ,9 illu/rat$ newspap]s1 x 0 argu$1 !re %\ld be a cle>] di/9ction betwe5 fact & fiction1 betwe5 news & pictures4 ,! exact words may be ?\ght wor? repeat+ n[4#c ,9 ! production ( illu/rations we h arriv$ at great pr(ici5cy1 & f ,london are issu$ ! be/ illu/rat$ newspap]s 9 ! _w4 ,b our arti/ic skill has l$ u into temptation1 & by degrees eng5d]$ a habit ( mak+ pictures :5 we ought to be record+ facts4 ,we h ?us1 ?r\gh our clev]ness1 creat$ a fa%ion & a dem& f ! public = some?+ :i* is (t5 elaborately untrue4 ,w\ld x1 !n1 be too mu* to ask ^? :o cat] = 7& really create7 ! public ta/e1 t !y %\ld give u "o ( two ?+s1 or r two ?+s1 9 our illu/rat$ pap]s1 ! real & ! ideal-- #a/4 ,pictorial records ( ev5ts 9 ! simple/ & true/ mann] possible2 #bnd4 ,pictures ( ! highe/ class t c be pr9t$ 9 a newspap]8 ,"h are two me?ods ( illu/ration :i* only require to be kept di/9ct1 ea* 9 its prop] place1 & our int]e/ 9 !m w\ld be d\bl$4 ,we ask fir/ = a record ( news & !n = a picture gall]y2 & to "k1 to use a common phrase1 :i* is :i*4 ,at ! "t ref]r$ to1 draw+ on ! wood-block & engrav+ 7 almo/ univ]sal--in/antane\s photography 0 9 its infancy1 process blocks1 t is to say1 me*anical engrav+1 0 v seldom employ$1 & 7= popul> purposes7 ,am]ican engrav+ & pr9t+ 0 consid]$ ! be/4 ,! sy/em ( produc+ illu/rations 9 direct fac-simile ( an arti/'s draw+1 suitable = pr9t+ at a type press )\t ! aid ( ! wood engrav]1 is ( su* value = *eap & simple =ms ( illu/ration1 & is1 moreov]1 9 su* con/ant use1 t x seems wond]ful at fir/ sight t x %\ld n be bett] und]/ood 9 ,engl&4 ,b ! cause is n f> to seek4 ,we h n yet acquir$ ! art ( pictorial expression 9 black & :ite1 nor d _m ( our arti/s excel 9 illu/ration 9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w4 ,x has (t5 be5 po9t$ out t ?r\gh ! pictorial sy/em ! m9d receives impressions ) ! lea/ ef=t & 9 ! quicke/ way1 & t ! graphic me?od is ! true way ( imp>t+ k4 ,are we !n1 9 ! matt] ( giv+ in=mation or 9 imp>t+ k ?r\gh ! m$ium ( illu/rations1 adopt+ ! true/ & simple/ me?ods8 ,i v5ture to say t 9 ! majority ( cases we are do+ no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,we h pictures 9 abundance :i* delight ! eye1 :i* are arti/ically drawn & skilfully engrav$1 b 9 :i*1 9 n9e cases out ( t51 !re is m ?\ght giv5 to effect z a picture ?an to illu/rat+ ! text4 ,x has (t5 be5 sugge/$ t ! art ( pr9t+ is1 aft] all1 b a que/ionable bless+ on acc\nt ( ! error & ! evil dissem9at$ by x4 ,)\t go+ into t "q1 ,i ?9k t we may f9d t ! art ( pr9t+ ) movable type has l$ to "s neglect ( ! art ( express+ ourselves pictorially1 & t ! app>5tly inexorable necessity ( runn+ e ^w & ?\ght into uni=m l9es1 has cramp$ & limit$ our p[]s ( expression1 & ( communicat+ ideas to ea* o!r4 ,let u beg9 at ! l[e/ /ep ( ! arti/ic ladd]1 & consid] "s =ms ( illu/ration :i* are )9 ! rea* ( ne>ly e writ] = ! press4 ,) ! means n[ at comm& = reproduc+ any l9es drawn or writt51 9 p]fect fac-simile1 m\nt$ on squ>e blocks to range ) ! type1 & giv+ little or no tr\ble to ! pr9t]1 !re is no "q t we %\ld m frequ5tly see ! h& "w ( ! writ] z well z ( ! arti/ appe>+ on ! page4 ,= example3 x happ5s sometimes 9 a "w ( fiction1 or 9 ! record ( "s accid5t or ev5t1 t x is important to ! cle> und]/&+ ( ! text1 to "k ! exact position ( a h\se1 say at a /reet corn]1 & also 7z 9 ! case ( a late trial = arson7 :i* way ! w9d blew on a p>ticul> ev5+4 ,words are p[]less to expla9 ! position beyond ! possibility ( d\bt or miscon/ruction2 & yet words are1 & h be51 us$ = su* purposes = hundr$s ( ye>s1 because x is ! cu/om4 ,illu/ration ,b if x 7 made pla9 t :]e words fail to express a mean+ easily1 a few l9es1 su* z ^? above1 drawn 9 ink on ord9>y pap]1 may be sub/itut$ 7&1 if s5t to ! pr9t] ) ! manuscript1 w appe> 9 fac-simile on ! pro( ) ! pr9t$ page71 ,i ?9k a new light may dawn on _m m9ds1 & new me?ods ( expression come into vogue4 ,?is illu/ration 7:i* 0 writt5 on ! %eet ( ,,ms47 is "o example1 out ( a hundr$ t might be giv51 :]e a diagram %\ld come to ! aid ( ! v]bal description1 n[ t ! reproduction ( l9es = ! press is no long] co/ly1 & ! blocks c be pr9t$1 if necess>y1 on rapidly revolv+ cyl9d]s1 :i* 7by duplicat+7 c produce 9 a night #ajj1jjj copies ( a newspap]4 ,be=e explor+ "s ( ! possibilities ( illu/ration1 x may be int]e/+ to glance at :at has be5 done 9 ?is direction s9ce ! inv5tion ( produc+ blocks rapidly to pr9t at ! type press & ! improvem5ts 9 ma*9]y4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahgc a ,canadian company />t$ a daily illu/rat$ ev5+ newspap] 9 ,new ,york1 call$ ,! ,daily ,graphic1 :i* 0 to eclipse all previ\s publications by ! rapidity & excell5ce ( its illu/rations4 ,x />t$ ) an attempt to give a daily record ( news1 & its conductors made e ef=t to br+ ab\t a sy/em ( rapid sket*+ & draw+ 9 l9e4 ,b ! public ( ,new ,york 9 #ahgc 7z ( ,london1 app>5tly1 9 #ahic7 c>$ m = pictures1 & s by degrees ! pap] deg5]at$ into a picture-%eet1 reproduc+ 7)\t leave7 engrav+s f ! ,illu/rat$ ,london ,news1 ! ,graphic1 & o!r pap]s1 z !y arriv$ f ,engl&4 ,! pap] 0 li?ograph$1 & surviv$ until #ahhi4 ,! report ( ! fir/ ye>'s work+ ( ! fir/ daily illu/rat$ newspap] 9 ! _w is wor? record+4 ,! proprietors /at$ t al?\gh ! pap] 0 />t$ 9 a ye> ( great f9ancial depression1 !y h abundant reason to be satisfi$ ) _! success1 & fur!r1 t !y attribute x to an abs5ce ( all s5sational news4767 ,! report end$ ) ! foll[+ int]e/+ p>agraph3 ,pictorial records ( crime1 executions1 sc5es involv+ mis]y1 & ! m un:olesome phases ( social life1 are a positive detrim5t to a daily illu/rat$ newspap]4 ,9 fact1 ! high] ! tone & ! bett] ! ta/e appeal$ to1 ! l>g] we h f\nd our circulation to be4 ,! great art1 x w\ld seem1 ( conduct+ a daily illu/rat$ newspap] is to "k :at to leave out--:51 9 fact1 to h no illu/rations at all6 ,9 ,engl& ! fir/ sy/ematic attempt at illu/ration 9 a daily newspap] 0 ! ins]tion ( a little map or wea!r *>t 9 ! ,times 9 #ahge1 & ! ,pall ,mall ,gazette foll[$ suit ) a dial %[+ ! direction ( ! w9d1 & aft]w>ds ) o!r explanatory diagrams & sket*es4 ,b1 9 ,june1 #ahge1 ! ,times & all o!r newspap]s 9 ,engl& 7 f> di/anc$ by ! ,new ,york ,tribune 9 report+ ! result ( a %oot+ mat* 9 ,dubl9 betwe5 an ,am]ican ,rifle ,corps & "s ( our volunte]s4 ,on ! morn+ aft] ! conte/ !re 7 long v]bal reports 9 ! ,engli% pap]s1 describ+ ! %oot+ & ! results2 b 9 ! pages ( ! ,new ,york ,tribune !re appe>$ a s]ies ( t>gets ) ! %ots ( ! successful competitors m>k$ ^u !m1 communicat$ by telegraph & pr9t$ 9 ! pap] 9 ,am]ica on ! foll[+ morn+4#d ,aft] ?is p]iod we seem to h mov$ sl[ly1 only "s v important geographical discov]y1 or ev5t1 extort+ f ! daily newspap]s an explanatory plan or diagram4 ,b dur+ ! ,transit ( ,v5us1 on ! #f? ( ,decemb]1 #ahhb1 a gleam ( light 0 v\*saf$ to ! read]s ( ! ,daily ,telegraph 7& possibly to o!r pap]s71 & t excit+ a/ronomical ev5t f :i* mank9d 0 to obta9 a cle>] k ( ! scale ( ! univ]se1 0 und]/ood & rememb]$ bett]1 by ?ree or f\r l9es 9 ! =m ( a diagram 7%[+1 r\ghly1 ! track ( ,v5us & its comp>ative size & di/ance f ! sun7 pr9t$ 9 ! newspap] on ! day ( ! ev5t4 ,maps & plans h appe>$ f "t to "t 9 all ! daily newspap]s1 b n sy/ematically1 or _! int]e/ & usefulness w\ld h be5 mu* great]4 ,_m in/ances might be giv5 ( ! use ( diagrams 9 newspap]s2 a little dial %[+ ! direction ( ! w9d1 is obvi\sly bett] ?an words & figures1 b x is only lately t pr9t+ difficulties h be5 ov]come1 & t ! sy/em c be widely ext5d$4 ,x rema9s to be se5 h[ f> ! ,daily ,graphic1 ) exp]i5ce & capital at comm&1 w aid 9 a sy/em ( illu/ration :i* is "o day to become g5]al4 ,?us f> x w\ld seem t ! production ( a l>ge numb] ( pictures 7m or less -propos7 is ! popul> ?+ to d4 ,we may be excus$ if we are disappo9t$ 9 ! result f a practical po9t ( view2 = z ! functions ( a daily newspap] are prim facie to record facts1 x foll[s t if words fail to communicate ! "r mean+1 pictorial expression %\ld come to ! aid ( ! v]bal1 no matt] h[ crude or in>ti/ic ! result might appe>4 ,let me give "o or two examples1 out ( _m :i* come to m9d4 #a4 ,! transmission ( =m by telegraph4 ,to realise ! importance ( ?is sy/em 9 convey+ news1 we h only to consid] 7go+ back ne>ly =ty ye>s7 :at int]e/ w\ld h be5 add$ to ,dr4 ,russell's lett]s f ! ,crimea 9 ! ,times newspap]1 if x _h be5 consid]$ possible1 !n1 to h ins]t$1 "h & !re1 ) ! type1 a l9e or two pictorially giv+ 7e4g47 ! outl9e ( a hillside1 & ! position ( troops ^u x4 ,x 0 possible to d ?is 9 #ahee1 b x is mu* m feasible n[4 ,! transmission ( =m by telegraph is ( ! utmo/ importance to j\rnali/s & sci5tific m51 &1 z our electricians h n yet det]m9$ ! be/ me?ods1 x may be int]e/+ to po9t out ! simple/ & mo/ rudim5t>y means at h&4 ,! me?od is well kn[n 9 ! army & is us$ = field purposes1 b hi!rto newspap]s h be5 /rangely sl[ to avail !mselves ( x4 ,! diagram on ! opposite page w expla9 a sy/em :i* is capable ( mu* developm5t ) & )\t ! aid ( photography4 ,if ! read] w imag9e ?is s]ies ( squ>es to repres5t a portable piece ( op5 trellis-"w1 :i* might be set up at a w9d[ or 9 ! op5 field1 betwe5 ! spectator & any object ( int]e/ at a di/ance--ea* squ>e repres5t+ a numb] correspond+ ) a code 9 univ]sal use--x w be obvi\s1 t by notic+ ! squ>es :i* ! outl9e ( a hill w\ld cov]1 & telegraph+ ! numb]s ( ! squ>es1 some?+ 9 ! way ( =m & outl9e may be quickly communicat$ f ! o!r side ( ! _w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,code ,,= ,,transmitt+ ,,=m ,,by ,,telegraph4 ,?is is = r\gh-&-ready use 9 "t ( w>1 :5 rapidity ( communication is ( ! fir/ importance2 b 9 "t ( peace a correspond5t's lett] cont9ually requires elucidation4 ,next is an example1 :i*1 = want ( bett] words1 ,i w call ! %or?& ( pictorial art4 ,a newspap] correspond5t is 9 a boat on "o ( ! ,italian lakes1 & wi%es to describe ! sc5e on a calm summ] day4 ,?is is h[ he proce$s-- ,illu/ration ,we are %ut 9 by m\nta9s1 he says1 b ! blue lake seems z wide z ! sea4 ,on a rocky promontory on ! left h& ! trees gr[ d[n to ! wat]'s edge & ! banks are precipit\s1 indicat+ ! great dep? ( ?is "p ( ! lake4 ,! wat] is z smoo? z glass2 on its surface is "o vessel1 a heavily-lad5 m>ket boat ) droop+ sails1 float+ sl[ly d[n 7& s on7--!re is no ne$ to repeat x all2 b :5 half a column ( ^w-pa9t+ _h be5 writt5 7& well-writt57 ! correspond5t fail$ to pres5t ! picture cle>ly to ! eye )\t ^! f\r explanatory l9es 7no m7 :i* %\ld ( c\rse h be5 s5t ) 8 lett]4 ,?is me?od ( description requires c]ta9 aptitude & tra9+2 b n mu*1 n m ?an _m a j\rnali/ c\ld acquire = himself ) a little practice4 ,! director ( ! ,daily ,graphic is report$ to h said t ! ideal correspond5t1 :o c sket* z well z write1 is n yet born4 ,he takes p]haps a high] view ( ! arti/ic functions ( a daily newspap] ?an we %\ld be dispos$ to grant him2 by we ,i mean1 ( c\rse1 ! public1 expect+ news 9 ! mo/ graphic mann]4 ,!re are1 & w be1 _m mom5ts :5 we want in=mation1 simply & solely1 & c>e little h[1 or 9 :at %ape1 x comes4 ,?is k9d ( in=mation1 giv5 pictorially1 has no pret5sion to be arti/ic1 b x is illu/ration 9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w1 & its value :5 rightly appli$ is great4 ,:5 ! alt]ations at ,hyde ,p>k ,corn] 7"o ( ! mo/ important ( ! ,london improvem5ts ( our day7 7 fir/ debat$ 9 ,p>liam5t1 a daily newspap]1 z if mov$ by "s sudd5 fla% ( intellig5ce1 pr9t$ a gr\nd-plan ( ! propos$ alt]ations ) descriptive text2 & once or twice only1 dur+ ,/anley's long abs5ce 9 ,africa1 did we h sket*es or plans pr9t$ ) ! lett]s to elucidate ! text1 su* z a sket* ( ! float+ isl&s ) _! weird inhabitants1 at ,/anley's ,/ation on ! ,congo riv]1 :i* appe>$ 9 a daily newspap]--in/ances ( news pres5t$ to ! read] 9 a bett] =m ?an words4 ,! v ?+ t 0 want$6 0 ! g5]al exclamation1 z if !re 7 "s new discov]y ( ! p[]s ( description4 ,z ! w> correspond5t's occupation does n appe> likely to cease 9 our "t1 x w\ld seem wor? :ile to make sure t he is fully equipp$4 ,! me?od ( writ+ employ$ by correspond5ts on ! field ( battle seems unnecess>ily clumsy & prolix2 we he> ( lett]s writt5 actually "u fire1 on a drum-head1 or 9 ! saddle1 & on op5+ ! packet z x arrives by ! po/ we may f9d1 if we take ! tr\ble to measure x1 t ! po9t ( ! p5 or p5cil1 has travell$ ov] a di/ance ( a hundr$ feet6 ,?is is ! actual asc]ta9$ measurem5t1 tak+ into acc\nt all ! ups & d[ns1 crosses & da%es1 z x arrives f abroad4 ,no wond] ! typewrit] is resort$ to 9 j\rnalism :]ev] possible4 ,a newspap] correspond5t is s5t sudd5ly to ! seat ( w>1 or is /ation$ 9 "s remote c\ntry to give ! read]s ( a newspap] ! b5efit ( 8 obs]vations4 ,:at is he do+ 9 #ahid8 ,9 ! imp]fect1 clumsy language :i* he possesses 9 common ) e m9i/] ( /ate & public s*oolboy1 he proce$s to describe :at he sees 9 a hundr$ l9es1 :5 ) two or ?ree /rokes ( ! p5 he might h express$ 8 mean+ bett] pictorially4 ,i h us$ ^! words be=e1 b !y apply ) r$\bl$ =ce at ! pres5t "t4 ,! fact is1 t ) ! means n[ at comm& = reproduc+ any l9es drawn or writt51 ! correspond5t is n ?or\ghly equipp$ if he _c s5d !m z sugge/$1 by telegraph or by lett]4 ,x is all a matt] ( education1 & ! newspap] report] ( ! future w n be consid]$ complete unless he is able to express himself1 to "s ext5t1 pictorially z well z v]bally4 ,!n1 & n till !n1 w our complicat$ language be rescu$ f _m obscurities1 by ! aid ( l9es o!r ?an v]bal4#e ,9 ne>ly e city1 t[n1 or place !re is "s feature1 ar*itectural or natural1 :i* gives "* to x1 & x w\ld add greatly to ! int]e/ ( lett]s f abroad if !y 7 head$ ) a little outl9e sket*1 or indication ( ! pr9cipal objects4 ,?is is seldom done1 because ! art ( look+ at ?+s1 & ! p[] ( putt+ !m d[n simply 9 a few l9es1 has n be5 cultivat$ & is n giv5 to _m4 ,two ?+s are pr9cipally necess>y to atta9 ?is end-- ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,/udy ,,9 ,,p]spective4 7,,hume ,,nisbet47 ,a4 ,/&po9t4 ,b4 ,po9t ( ,sight4 ,c4 ,horizontal l9e4 ,d4 ,vani%+ l9es4 ,e4 ,po9t ( di/ance4 ,f4 ,vani%+ l9es ( di/ance4 ,g4 ,l9e ( sight4 #a4 ,! education ( h& & eye & a k ( p]spective1 to be imp>t$ to e s*oolboy1 no matt] :at 8 pr(ession or occupation is likely to be4 #b4 ,! education ( ! public to read aright ?is new language 7new to mo/ p71 ! %or?& ( pictorial art4 ,! popul> !ory among/ editors & publi%]s is t ! public w\ld n c>e = in=mation pres5t$ to !m 9 ?is way--t !y w\ld n und]/& x & w\ld n buy x4 ,sket*es ( ! k9d indicat$ h nev] be5 fairly tri$ 9 ,engl&2 b !y are increas+ 9 numb] e day1 & ! "t is n f> di/ant :5 we %all look back ^u ! pres5t sy/em ) consid]able amusem5t & on a book or a newspap] :i* is n illu/rat$ z an incomplete production4 ,! numb] ( illu/rations produc$ & consum$ daily 9 ! pr9t+ press is enorm\s2 b !y are too mu* ( "o patt]n1 &1 z a rule1 too elaborate4 ,9 ! illu/ration ( books ( all k9ds !re %\ld be a m g5]al use ( diagrams & plans to elucidate ! text4 ,no new build+ ( importance %\ld be describ$ any:]e )\t an indication ( ! elevation1 if n also ( ! gr\nd plan2 &1 z a rule1 no picture %\ld be describ$ )\t a sket* to indicate ! composition4 ,9 hi/ory words s (t5 fail to give ! correct locale t x seems wond]ful we h no bett] me?od 9 common use4 ,! foll[+ r\gh plan w illu/rate "o ( ! simple/ ways ( mak+ a description cle> to ! read]4 ,take ! v]bal "o fir/3-- ,! "y ,bretonne /ood "u ! doorway ( ! h\se1 %elt]$ f ! ra9 :i* came ) ! s(t we/ w9d4 ,f h] po9t ( vantage on ! ',place' %e comm&$ a view ( ! :ole village1 & c\ld see d[n ! f\r /reets ( :i* x 0 pr9cipally compos$4 ,illu/ration ,9 ?is in/ance a writ] 0 at "s pa9s to describe 7& fail$ to describe 9 ?ree pages7 ! exact position ( ! /reets ne> :]e ! girl /ood2 & x 0 a situation 9 :i* photography c\ld h>dly help him4 ,x may seem /range at fir/ sight to occupy ! pages ( a book on art ) diagrams & elem5t>y outl9es1 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t plans & diagrams are at ! basis ( a sy/em ( illu/ration :i* w "o day become g5]al4 ,! reason1 z already po9t$ out1 = draw+ att5tion to ! subject n[1 is t x is only lately t sy/ems h be5 p]fect$ = reproduc+ l9es on ! pr9t$ page almo/ z rapidly z sett+ up ! type4 ,?us a new era1 s to speak1 9 ! art ( express+ ourselves pictorially z well z v]bally has comm5c$3 ! means ( reproduction are to h&2 ! blocks c be made1 if necess>y1 9 less ?an ?ree h\rs1 & copies c be pr9t$ on revolv+ cyl9d]s at ! rate ( #aj1jjj an h\r4 ,! advance 9 sci5tific discov]y by means ( subtle in/rum5ts br+s ! surgeon sometimes to ! k ( facts :i*1 9 ! int]e/s ( sci5ce1 he requires to demon/rate graphically1 objects :i* x w\ld (t5 be impossible to h photograph$4 ,) a rudim5t>y k ( draw+ & p]spective1 ! surgeon & ! a/ronom] w\ld bo? be bett] equipp$4 ,at ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 9 ,philadelphia1 :]e ! majority ( /ud5ts are int5d$ = ! m$ical pr(ession1 ?is subject is consid]$ ( high importance1 & ! /ud5t 9 ,am]ica is le>n+ to express himself 9 a language t c be und]/ood4 ,9 ar*itecture x is (t5 necess>y1 9 ord] to und]/& ! description ( a build+1 to indicate 9 a few l9es n only ! g5]al plan & elevation1 b also its position 9 p]spective 9 a l&scape or /reet4 ,few ar*itects c d ?is if call$ ^u at a mom5t's notice 9 a ,p>liam5t>y committee room4 ,& yet x is a necess>y "p ( ! language ( an ar*itect4#f ,^! rem>ks apply ) great =ce to books ( travel1 :]e an au?or %\ld be able to take "p 9 ! draw+ ( 8 illu/rations1 at lea/ to ! ext5t ( be+ able to expla9 8 mean+ & ensure topographical accuracy4 ,a curi\s exp]im5t 0 made lately ) "s /ud5ts 9 an ,art s*ool1 to prove ! fallacy ( ! accept$ sy/em ( describ+ l&scapes1 build+s1 & ! l 9 words4 ,a page or two f "o ( ! ,wav]ley novels 7a description ( a ca/le & ! heights ( m\nta9\s l&1 ) a riv] w9d+ 9 ! valley t[>ds ! sea1 & clu/]s ( h\ses & trees on ! "r h&7 0 read sl[ly & repeat$ be=e a numb] ( /ud5ts1 ?ree ( :om1 /&+ ap>t f ea* o!r by pre-arrangem5t1 proce$$ to indicate on blackbo>ds be=e an audi5ce ! lead+ l9es ( ! picture z ! words _h pres5t$ x to _! m9ds4 ,x is ne$less to say t ! results1 highly skilful 9 "o case1 7 all diff]5t1 & all wrong2 & t 9 p>ticul> ! horizon l9e ( ! sea 7s easy to indicate ) any clue1 & s important to ! composition7 0 hopelessly out ( place4 ,?us we describe day by day1 & ! pictures =m$ 9 ! m9d are errone\s1 = ! imag9ation ( ! read] is at "w at once1 & requires simple guidance4 ,! exhibition 01 ,i ne$ h>dly say1 highly /imulat+ & sugge/ive4 ,_m argum5ts might be us$ = ! sub/itution ( pictorial = v]bal me?ods ( expression1 :i* apply to books z well z p]iodicals4 ,two may be m5tion$ ( a purely topical k9d4 #a4 ,9 ,june1 #ahic1 :5 ! /rife ( political p>ties ran high 9 ,engl&1 & any?+ l a rappro*em5t betwe5 _! lead]s seem$ impossible1 ,mr4 ,glad/one & ,mr4 ,balf\r 7 se5 9 app>5tly fri5dly conv]sation beh9d ! ,speak]'s *air 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,a newspap] report] 9 "o ( ! gall]ies1 obs]v+ ! int]e/+ situation1 does n say 9 s _m words1 t ,mr4 ,g4 0 se5 talk+ to ,mr4 ,b41 b makes1 or has made = him1 a sket* 7)\t c>icature7 ( ! two figures /&+ talk+ toge!r1 & writes "u x1 ,am5ities beh9d ! ,speak]'s *air4 ,"h x w be se5 t ! subject is approa*$ ) m delicacy1 & ! position indicat$ ) great] =ce ?r\gh ! pictorial me?od4 #b4 ,! second mod]n in/ance ( ! p[]--! eloqu5ce1 s to speak1 ( ! pictorial me?od--appe>$ 9 ! pages ( ,pun* on ! occasion ( ! visit ( ! ,russian sailors to ,p>is 9 ,octob]1 #ahic4 ,a rollick+1 danc+ ,russian be>1 ) ! words ,vive la ,rpublique w\nd r\nd 8 head1 hit ! situation z no words c\ld h done1 especially :5 expos$ = sale 9 ! kiosques ( ! ,p>is b\lev>ds4 ,! picture requir$ no translation into ! languages ( ,europe4 ,x may be said t !re is no?+ new "h--t ! political c>toon is ev]y:]e--t x has exi/$ always1 t x fl\ri%$ 9 ,a!ns & ,rome1 t all hi/ory teems ) x1 t x comes d[n to u on ,engli% soil ?r\gh ,gillray1 ,r[l&son1 ,hog>?1 ,blake1 & _m di/+ui%$ names4 ,i draw att5tion to ^! ?+s because ! t[n is lad5 ) newspap]s & illu/rat$ %eets4 ,! t5d5cy ( ! "t seems to be to read less & less1 & to dep5d m ^u pictorial records ( ev5ts4 ,!re are und]ly+ reasons = ?is on :i* we mu/ n dwell2 ! po9t ( importance to illu/rators is ! fact t !re is an insatiable dem& = pictures :i* tell u some?+ quickly & accurately1 9 a language :i* e nation c und]/&4 ,ano!r example ( ! use ( pictorial expression to aid ! v]bal4 ,a travell] 9 ! ,h>z ,m\nta9s f9ds himself on ! ,zeig5kop1 ne> ,blank5b]g1 on a cle> summ]'s day1 & ?us describes x 9 words3-- ,we are n[ on ! heights above ,blank5b]g1 a promontory #a1cfj feet above ! pla9s1 ) an almo/ un9t]rupt$ view ( di/ant c\ntry look+ nor?w>d & ea/w>d4 ,! plateau ( m\nta9s on :i* we h be5 travell+ "h ends abruptly4 ,x is ! end ( ! upp] _w1 b ! pla9s seem illimitable4 ,!re is no?+ betwe5 u & our homes 9 ,b]l9--no?+ to imp$e ! view :i* x is almo/ impossible to describe 9 words4 ,! sett+ sun has pi]c$ ! veil ( mi/1 & a map ( ,nor!rn ,g]many seems unroll$ be=e u1 di/ant cities com+ into view "o by "o4 ,fir/1 we see ,halb]/adt ) its spires1 !n ,magdeburg1 !n ano!r city1 & ano!r4 ,we h be5 s occupi$ ) ! di/ant prospect1 & ) ! objects ( int]e/ :i* give "* to x1 t we _h almo/ ov]look$ ! *>m+ composition & sugge/ive l9es ( ?is wond]ful view4 ,!re is an anci5t ca/le on ! heights1 ! t[n ( ,blank5b]g at our feet1 a /range wall ( p]p5dicul> rocks 9 ! middle di/ance2 !re are ! curves ( ! valleys1 flat pa/ures1 undulat+ woods1 & roads w9d+ away across ! pla9s4 ,! c5tral po9t ( int]e/ is ! *ur* spire ) its clu/] ( h\ses spread+ upw>ds t[>ds ! *teau1 ) its massive t]races fr+$ ) trees1 c41 c4 ,?is 0 all v well 9 ^w-pa9t+1 b :at a veil is lift$ f ! read]'s eyes by "s su* sket* z ! "o bel[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,view ,,above ,,blank5b]g1 ,,h>z ,,m\nta9s4 ,x %\ld be m5tion$ t ?ree photographic pr9ts jo9$ toge!r w\ld h>dly h giv5 ! picture1 ow+ to ! va/ ext5t ( ?is inl& view1 & ! v>y+ atmosph]ic effects4 ,! la/ in/ance ,i c give "h is an engrav+ f ,cassell's ,popul> ,educator1 :]e a picture is us$ to demon/rate ! curvature ( ! _w's surface2 ?us impr9t+1 = once1 & = always1 on ! "y read]'s m9d a fact :i* words fail to describe adequately4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,curvature ,,( ,,! ,,worlds ,,surface4 ,?is is ,! ,art ( ,illu/ration 9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w4 ,,footnotes3 #c ,! quotations are f a pap] by ! pres5t writ]1 read be=e ! ,society ( ,arts 9 ,m>*1 #ahge4 #d ,?is sy/em ( report+ rifle conte/s is n[ almo/ univ]sal 9 ,engl&4 #e ,x seems /range t ent]pris+ newspap]s1 ) capital at comm&1 su* z ! ,new ,york ,h]ald1 ,daily ,telegraph1 & ,pall ,mall ,gazette1 %\ld n h develop$ s obvi\s a me?od ( transmitt+ in=mation4 ,! ,pall ,mall ,gazette has be5 ! mo/ active 9 ?is direction1 b might d mu* m4 #f ,x has be5 well said t if a build+ c be describ$ 9 words1 x is n wor? describ+ at all6 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,arti/ic ,,illu/rations4 ,9 ref]r+ n[ to m arti/ic illu/rations1 we %\ld notice fir/1 "s ( ! *anges :i* h tak5 place 7s9ce ! meet+ ref]r$ to 9 ! la/ *apt]71 &1 bridg+ ov] a di/ance ( ne>ly tw5ty ye>s1 consid] ! "w ( ! illu/rator1 ! photograph]1 & ! mak] ( process blocks1 z pres5t$ 9 books & newspap]s 9 #ahid2 speak+ pr9cipally ( topical illu/rations1 on :i* s _m ?\s& p are n[ engag$4 ,x may seem /range at fir/ sight to include newspap]s 9 a *apt] on art illu/rations1 b ! fact is t ! weekly newspap]s1 ) _! new appliances = pr9t+1 & 9 consequ5ce ( ! *eapness ( good pap]1 are n[ compet+ ) books & magaz9es 9 ! production ( illu/rations :i* a few ye>s ago 7 only to be f\nd 9 books4 ,! illu/rat$ newspap] is "o ( ! great employ]s ( lab\r 9 ?is field & di/ributor ( ! "w ( ! arti/ 9 black & :ite1 & 9 ?is connection mu/ by no means be ignor$4 ,! ,po/-(fice c>ries a volume ( #afd pages 7ea* #bb by #af in*es71 weigh+ f two to ?ree p\nds1 = a half-p5ny4 ,x is call$ a weekly newspap]1 b x conta9s1 sometimes1 #ajj illu/rations1 & competes s]i\sly ) ! production ( illu/rat$ books4 ,fur!r on we %all see h[ ! illu/rations ( "o numb] ( a weekly newspap] are produc$--:at "p ! orig9al arti/ has 9 x1 :at "p ! engrav] & ! photograph]4 ,^! are ?+s ) :i* all /ud5ts %\ld be acqua9t$4 ,! fir/ /age ( illu/ration1 :]e little m ?an a plan or elevation ( a build+ is aim$ at 7z sugge/$ 9 ! la/ *apt]71 & :]e an au?or1 ) little arti/ic k1 is yet enabl$ to expla9 himself1 is comp>atively easy2 x is :5 we approa* ! haz>d\s doma9 ( art t ! real difficulties beg94 ,z matt]s /& at pres5t1 x is sc>cely too mu* to say t ! majority ( art /ud5ts & ! y\ng] s*ool ( draughtsm5 9 ?is c\ntry are all abroad 9 ! matt] ( draw+ = ! press1 lack+1 n indu/ry1 n capacity1 b me?od4 ,t !y d good "w 9 abundance is n d5i$1 b x is n exactly ! k9d ( "w requir$--9 %ort1 !y are n taught at ! outset ! value ( a l9e4 ,t great] skill & c]ta9ty ( draw+ c be atta9$ by our y\ng] draughtsm5 is unque/ionable1 &1 be>+ 9 m9d t ne>ly e book & newspap] 9 ! future w be illu/rat$1 ! importance ( /udy 9 ?is direction is mu* great] ?an may appe> at fir/ sight4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,iv4 ,tiresome ,dog1 by ,e4 ,k4 ,,johnson4 ,?is example ( p5-&-ink "w has be5 reproduc$ by ! gelat9e relief process4 ,! draw+1 :i* has be5 greatly r$uc$ 9 reproduction1 0 made by ,mr4 ,johnson = an ,illu/rat$ ,catalogue ( ! ,royal ,wat]-,col\r ,society1 ( :i* he is a memb]4 ,x is in/ructive z %[+ ! possibilities & limitations ( relief process-"w 9 good h&s4 ,! gradation ( tone is all obta9$ 9 pure black1 or dott$ l9es4 ,mr4 ,dawson has aid$ ! effect by r\lett+ on ! block on ! m delicate p>ts2 b mo/ ( ! examples 9 ?is book are unt\*$ by ! engrav]4 7,see ,app5dix47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fru/rat$4 7,,f ,,! ,,pa9t+ ,,by ,,walt] ,,hunt47 7,royal ,academy1 #ahia47 ,ref]r+ to ! evid5t want ( tra9+ among/ our y\ng] draughtsm51 ! "q 0 put v bluntly 9 ! ,a!num "s ye>s ago1 ?us3-- ,:y is n draw+ 9 l9e ) p5 & ink taught 9 our own ,gov]nm5t s*ools ( art8 ,! pres5t sy/em 9 s*ools seems to r5d] ! art ( draw+ ( z little use to ! /ud5t z possible1 = he has no soon] ma/]$ ! prelim9>y /age ( draw+ 9 outl9e f ! flat ) a lead p5cil1 ?an he has *alk put into 8 h&1 a mat]ial :i* he w seldom or nev] use 9 turn+ 8 k ( draw+ to practical acc\nt4 ,! readi] me?od ( p5 & ink w\ld be ( great s]vice z a prep>atory /age to wood draw+1 b un=tunately draw+ is taught 9 mo/ cases z ?\gh ! /ud5t int5d$ only to become a pa9t]4 ,s9ce ^! l9es 7 writt51 ef=ts h be5 made 9 "s s*ools ( art to give special tra9+ = illu/rators1 & in/ruction is also giv5 9 wood engrav+1 :i* e draughtsman %\ld le>n2 b up to ! pres5t "t !re has be5 no sy/ematic tea*+ 9 draw+ applicable to ! v>i\s processes1 = ! reason t ! majority ( art ma/]s d n und]/& !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,on ,,! ,,rivi]a4 7,,ell5 ,,montalba47 ,! art ( expression 9 l9e1 or ( express+ ! effect ( a picture or a l&scape f ,nature 9 a few lead+ l9es 7n necess>ily outl9e7 is little und]/ood 9 ?is c\ntry2 & if su* /udy1 z ! ,a!num po9t$ out1 is important = ! wood draughtsman1 h[ mu* m s 9 draw+ = reproduction by photo-me*anical means8 ,a few arti/s h ! gift ( express+ !mselves 9 l9e1 b ! majority are /rangely ignorant ( ! pr9ciples ( ?is art & ( ! simple fac-simile processes by :i* draw+ c n[ be reproduc$4 ,9 ! c\rse ( tw5ty ye>s ( edit+ ! ,academy ,notes1 "s /range facts h come to ! writ]'s notice z to ! p[]lessness ( "s pa9t]s to express ! motif ( a picture 9 a few l9es2 also z to h[ f> we are beh9d our cont95tal neighb\rs 9 ?is respect4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,light ,,( ,,laugh+ ,,fl[]s ,,along ,,! ,,grass ,,is ,,spread4 7,m4 ,,ridley ,,corbet47 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,v4 ,h4 ,s4 ,,m>ks4 ,an example ( l9e draw+ & ! art ( leav+ out1 by ! well-kn[n ,royal ,academician4 ,mr4 ,m>ks & ,sir ,john ,gilb]t 7see frontispiece7 7 ! fir/ pa9t]s to expla9 ! composition & lead+ l9es ( _! pictures 9 ! ,academy ,notes 9 #ahgf4 ,mr4 ,m>ks sugge/s light & %ade & ! "* ( 8 picture 9 a few skilful l9es4 ,sir ,john ,gilb]t's p5-&-ink draw+ is also full ( =ce & individuality4 ,^! draw+s reproduce well by any ( ! processes4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,select ,,committee4 7,,f ,,! ,,pa9t+ ,,by ,h4 ,s4 ,,m>ks1 ,r4,a47 7,royal ,academy1 #ahia47 ,x is int]e/+ to note "h ! firmness ( l9e & cle>ness ( reproduction by ! common process block2 ! result be+ m satisfactory ?an _m draw+s by pr(essional illu/rators4 ,! reason is n f> to seek2 ! pa9t] kn[s 8 picture & h[ to give ! effect ( x 9 black & :ite1 9 a few l9es2 &1 9 ! case ( ,mr4 ,corbet & ,miss ,montalba1 !y h made !mselves acqua9t$ ) ! be/ way ( draw+ = ! ,press4 ,!re are _m o!r me?ods ?an p5-&-ink :i* draughtsm5 use1--p5cil1 *alk1 wa%1 gra9$ pap]1 c1 b fir/ z to l9e draw+1 because x is ! only means by :i* c]ta9 results c be obta9$1 & x is ! "o :i*1 = practical reasons1 %\ld be fir/ ma/]$4 ,l9e draw+s are n[ reproduc$ on z9c blocks fitt$ = ! type press at a co/ ( less ?an sixp5ce ! squ>e in* = l>ge blocks2 ! processes ( reproduction w be expla9$ fur!r on4 ,x _c be suffici5tly borne 9 m9d--,i am speak+ n[ to /ud5ts :o are n intimate ) ! subject--t to produce ) pure black l9es ! quality & effect ( l9es 9 :i* !re is "s gradation ( tone1 is no easy matt]1 especially to ^? accu/om$ to ! wood engrav] z ! int]pret] ( _! "w4 ,sir ,john ,t5niel1 ,m4 du ,mauri]1 & ,mr4 ,samb\rne1 n to m5tion o!rs on ! ,pun* /aff1 h be5 accu/om$ to draw = wood engrav+1 & w\ld probably /ill pref] ?is me?od to any o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,rose ,,que54 7,g4 ,d4 ,,leslie1 ,r4,a47 7,f ,academy ,notes1 #ahic47 ,b ! "y illu/rator has to le>n ! new] me?ods1 & h[ to get 8 effects ?r\gh direct photo-engrav+4 ,:at may be done by process is demon/rat$ 9 ! l9e draw+s int]sp]s$ ?r\gh ^! pages1 also 9 ! illu/rations :i* are appe>+ e day 9 our newspap]s1 magaz9es1 & books--especially ^? :i* are well pr9t$ & on good pap]4 ,mr4 ,george ,leslie's pretty l9e draw+ f 8 picture1 on ! opposite page1 is full ( sugge/ion = illu/rative purposes4 ,b let u glance fir/ at ! ord9>y h&-book tea*+1 & see h[ f> x is useful to ! illu/rator ( to-day4 ,! rules laid d[n z to ! me?ods ( l9e "w1 ! direction ( l9es = ! expression ( c]ta9 textures1 cross-hat*+1 c41 are1 if foll[$ too closely1 apt to lead to h>dness & mann]ism 9 ! "y arti/1 :i* he w ) difficulty %ake (f4 ,on ^! po9ts1 ,mr4 ,rob]tson1 ! well-kn[n pa9t] & et*]1 writ+ sev5 ye>s ago1 says well3-- ,! m5tal prop]ties ( e l9e drawn ) p5 & ink %\ld be orig9al & p]sonal 444 ?is /rong po9t is sure to be atta9$ unconsci\sly1 if an arti/'s "w is simple & s9c]e1 & n ! imitation ( ano!r man's /yle4#g ,:5 ! "q arises z to :at examples a beg9n] %\ld copy :o wi%es to practise ! art ( p5-&-ink draw+1 ! difficulty w be to select f ! great & v>i$ /ores ( mat]ial t are ev]y:]e to 8 h&4 ,all /eel & copp]-plate engrav+s t h be5 execut$ 9 l9e1 & all wood engrav+s1 are )9 ! possible range ( p5-&-ink draw+4 ,i hold1 h[ev]1 t mu* "t %\ld n be occupi$ 9 ! imitatative copy+ ( pr9ts3 only1 inde$1 s mu* z enables ! /ud5t to le>n ) :at arrangem5t ( l9es ! diff]5t textures & qualities ( objects may be be/ r5d]$4 ,!re are1 r\ghly1 two me?ods ( obta9+ effect ) a p5--"o by few l9es1 laid sl[ly1 & ! o!r by _m l9es1 drawn ) rapidity4 ,if ! int5tion is to see :at effect may be obta9$ ) comp>atively few l9es delib]ately drawn1 we may ref] to ! woodcuts aft] ,alb]t ,dr] & ,holbe91 & ! l9e engrav+ ( ,m>c ,antonio4 ,! engrav$ plates by ,dr] furni% excell5t examples ( "w1 ) m & f9] l9es ?an 8 woodcuts b _m ( ! latt] 7 n done by 8 h&4 ,"s ( ! et*+s ( ,rembr&t are examples ( :at may be fairly reproduc$ 9 p5 & ink1 b 9 !m we f9d ! effect to dep5d ^u innum]able l9es 9 all directions4 ,9 ! matt] ( l&scape ! et*$ plates by ,claude & ,ruysdael are good examples = /udy1 & 9 animal life ! "w ( ,paul ,pott] & ,duj>d94 ,?us1 = /yle1 = ma/]y ( effect & managem5t ( l9e1 we mu/ g back to ! old ma/]s2 to "w produc$ g5]ally 9 a reposeful life1 to :i* ! y\ng] g5]ation are /rang]s4 ,b ! m]e copy+ ( o!r m5's l9es is ( little avail )\t ma/]+ ! pr9ciples ( ! art ( l9e draw+4 ,! skilful copies1 ! fac-similes ( engrav+s & et*+s drawn 9 p5 & ink1 :i* are ! admiration ( ! "y arti/'s fri5ds1 are ( little or no value 9 decid+ ! aptitude ( ! /ud5t4 ,! foll[+ words are wor? plac+ on ! walls ( e art s*ool3-- ,pr(ici5cy 9 copy+ engrav+s 9 fac-simile1 f> f sugge/+ promise ( di/9ction 9 ! pr(ession ( art1 pla9ly m>ks a t5d5cy to me*anical pursuits1 & is n likely to be acquir$ by anyone ) mu* in/9ctive feel+ = ! arts ( design4 ,!re is mu* tru? & insight 9 ?is rem>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,f9d+ ,,( ,,! ,,infant ,,/4 ,,george4 7,,*>les ,m4 ,,g]e47 7,f 8 pa9t+ 9 ! ,new ,gall]y1 #ahic47 ,9 l9e "w1 z n[ und]/ood1 we are go+ back1 9 a measure1 to ! po9t ( view ( ! missal writ] & ! illum9ator1 :o1 ) no ?\ght ( ! possibilities ( reproduction1 produc$ _m ( 8 decorative pages by managem5t ( l9e alone 7,i ref] to ! p>ts ( 8 "w 9 :i* ! effect 0 produc$ by black & :ite74 ,no am\nt ( pati5ce1 ?\ght1 & lab\r 0 sp>$ = ?is "o copy4 ,:at w\ld he h said if told t 9 c5turies to come ?is l9e "w w\ld be reviv$ 9 its integrity1 ) ! possibility ( ! arti/'s own l9es be+ reproduc$ #ajj1jjj times1 at ! rate ( sev]al ?\s& an h\r4 ,& :at w\ld he h ?\ght if told t1 out ( ?\s&s ( /ud5ts 9 c5turies to come1 a few1 a v few only1 c\ld produce a decorative page2 & t few c\ld be br\ght to realise t a "w :i* 0 to be repeat$1 say a ?\s& times1 0 wor?y ( z mu* att5tion z 8 ance/ors gave to a s+le copy6 ,on ! pr9ciple t ev]y?+ wor? do+ is wor? do+ well1 & on ! assumption t ! processes 9 common use--,i purposely omit m5tion "h ( ! old] sy/ems ( draw+ on transf] pap]1 & draw+ on wax$ plates1 )\t ! aid ( photography1 :i* h be5 dealt ) 9 previ\s books--are wor? all ! c>e & arti/ic k :i* c be be/[$ ^u !m1 we w\ld press1 ^u "y arti/s especially1 ! importance ( /udy & exp]im5t 9 ?is direction4 ,z !re is no "q t ! h&work ( ! arti/ c be se5 m cle>ly ?r\gh me*anical engrav+ ?an ?r\gh wood engrav+1 x behoves him to d 8 be/4 ,& z we are sub/itut+ process blocks = wood engrav+ 9 e direction1 s we %\ld take ov] "s ( ! pati5ce & c>e :i* 7 =m]ly giv5 to book illu/rations4 ,we _c live1 easily1 9 ! cloi/]$ sil5ce ( ! pa/1 b we c emulate ! delib]ate & ?\ghtful "w ( ,mantegna1 ( ,holbe91 ( ,alb]t ,dr]1 & ! great m5 ( ! pa/1 :o1 if !y 7 alive to-day1 w\ld und\bt$ly h pref]r$ draw+ = process to ! lab\r ( et*+ & engrav+2 &1 if _! "w 7 to be reproduc$ by o!rs1 !y w\ld h p]ceiv$1 :at x does n require mu* insight 9 u to realise1 t ! individuality ( ! arti/ is bett] pres]v$1 by mak+ 8 own l9es4 ,to d ?is successfully 9 ^! days1 ! arti/ mu/ give 8 be/ & mo/ delib]ate 7in/ead ( 8 hurri$ & c>eless7 draw+s to ! processes2 f\nd+ 8 /yle1 to a limit$ ext5t x may be1 on old "w1 b pres]v+ 8 own individuality4 ,b we mu/ n slavi%ly copy sket*es by ! old ma/]s1 :i* 7 nev] int5d$ = reproduction4 ,we may le>n f ! /udy ( !m ! p[] ( l9e to express "*1 action1 & effect1 we may le>n composition sometimes1 b n (t5 f a sket*4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,pl\ghboy4 7,g4 ,,claus547 ,z to copy+ ! "w ( liv+ arti/s1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! mann] & ! me?od ( a l9e draw+ is ea* arti/'s prop]ty1 & ! repetition ( x by o!rs is injuri\s to him4 ,x w\ld be an easy me?od inde$ if ! "y arti/1 fre% f ! s*ools1 c\ld1 9 a few weeks1 imitate ! mann]ism1 say ( ,sir ,john ,gilb]t1 ^: /yle is f\nd$ ^u ! lab\r ( #ej ye>s4 ,!re is no su* royal road4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,vi4 ,a ,pl\ghboy1 by ,,george ,,claus54 ,an excell5t example ( sket*+ 9 l9e4 ,! orig9al draw+ 0 #g-c_/d #e-c_/d 94 ,i h reproduc$ ,mr4 ,claus5's arti/ic sket* ( 8 picture 9 two sizes 9 ord] to comp>e results4 ,! small block on page #ei 7pr9t$ 9 ,grosv5or ,notes1 #ahhh7 appe>s to be ! mo/ suitable r$uction = ?is draw+4 ,! results are wor? comp>+ by anyone /udy+ process "w4 ,! fir/ block 0 made by ! gelat9e process2 ! "o opposite by ! ord9>y z9c process4 7,see ,app5dix47 ,to return to illu/ration4 ,! education ( ! illu/rator 9 ^! days means mu* m ?an m]e art tra9+4 ,! t5d5cy ( editors ( magaz9es & newspap]s is to employ ^? :o c write z well z draw4 ,?is may n be a v hopeful sign f an art po9t ( view1 b x is a condition ( ?+s :i* we h to face4 ,mu* z we may desire to see a good arti/ & a good raconteur 9 "o man1 ! comb9ation w always be r>e2 ^? editors :o seek = x are (t5 tempt$ to accept inf]ior art = ! sake ( ! /ory4 ,i m5tion ?is z "o ( ! influ5ces affect+ ! quality ( illu/rations ( an ephem]al or topical k9d1 :i* %\ld n be ov]look$4 ,9 sket*es ( society ! education & /&+ ( ! arti/ has mu* to d ) 8 success4 ,m4 du ,mauri]'s "w 9 ,pun* may be tak5 z an example ( :at ,i mean1 comb9+ excell5t art ) k ( society4 ,8 clev] foll[]s & imitators lack some?+ :i* _c be le>n$ 9 an art s*ool4 ,x %\ld be und]/ood t1 9 draw+ = reproduction by any ( ! me*anical processes 7ei!r 9 wa% or 9 l9e1 b especially ! latt]71 !re is m /ra9 on ! arti/ ?an :5 8 "w 0 engrav$ on wood1 & ! k ( ?is has left draw+ = process pr9cipally 9 ! h&s ( ! y\ng] m54 ,!y w be old] by ! end ( ! c5tury1 b n z old !n z "s ( our be/ & exp]i5c$ illu/rators :o keep to wood engrav+4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,vii4 ,bl[+ ,bubbles1 by ,c4 ,e4 ,,wilson4 ,?is is an excell5t example ( draw+--& ( treatm5t ( textures & surfaces--= process reproduction4 ,! few p5 t\*es on ! drap]y h come out ) great fidelity1 ! d\ble l9es m>k+ ! pav+ /ones be+ ! only "p giv+ any tr\ble to ! mak] ( ! gelat9e relief block4 ,! skilful managem5t ( ! p>ts 9 light %[s aga9 ! art ( leav+ out4 ,i am t\*+ n[ ^u a difficult & delicate "p ( ! subject1 & mu/ endeav\r to make my mean+ cle>4 ,! illu/rations 9 ,pun* h1 until lately1 all be5 engrav$ on wood 7! eld] arti/s on ! /aff n tak+ k9dly to ! processes71 & ! /yle & mann] ( l9e we see 9 its pages is due 9 great measure to ! influ5ce ( ! wood engrav]4#h ,?is ref]s to fac-simile "w1 b ! engrav]1 z we "k1 also int]prets wa% into clean l9es1 helps out ! timid & (t5 un/eady draughtsman1 & 9 little matt]s puts 8 draw+ "r4 ,! wood engrav] 0 appr5tic$ to 8 art1 & aft] long & labori\s tea*+1 ma/]$ ! me*anical difficulties4 ,if he _h ! arti/ic s5se he soon develop$ into a ma/]-engrav] & illu/rator1 & f crude & (t5 weak & in>ti/ic draw+s produc$ illu/rations full ( tone1 quality1 & beauty4 ,f v slight mat]ial h&$ to him by ! publi%]1 ! wood engrav] w\ld evolve 7f 8 inn] consci\sness1 s to speak7 an elaborate & graceful s]ies ( illu/rations1 drawn on ! wood block by arti/s 9 8 own employ1 :o _h special tra9+1 & knew exactly h[ to produce ! effects requir$4 ,! sy/em (t5 involv$ mu* c>e & rese>* = details ( co/ume1 ar*itecture1 & ! l1 &1 if n v high art1 0 at lea/ well paid =1 & appreciat$ by ! public4 ,i am speak+ ( ! av]age illu/rat$ book1 say ( tw5ty ye>s ago1 :5 x 0 n an uncommon ?+ to sp5d #ejj or #fjj on ! engrav+s4 ,let u hope t ! highe/ k9d ( wood engrav+ w always f9d a home 9 ,engl&4 ,nobody kn[s--nobody ev] w "k--h[ mu* ! engrav] has done = ! arti/ 9 ye>s pa/4 ,= good or evil1--x may be said2 b ,i am ?9k+ n[ only ( ! good1 ( occasions :5 ! engrav] has _h to int]pret ! arti/'s mean+1 & sometimes1 x mu/ be confess$1 to come to ! rescue & p]fect imp]fect "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,viii4 ,illu/ration to ,dreaml& 9 ,hi/ory1 by ,dr4 ,gl\ce/]4 7,london3 ,isbi/] ,co47 ,drawn by ,,h]b]t ,,railton4 ,example ( brilliancy & simplicity ( treatm5t 9 l9e draw+ = process4 ,!re is no illu/ration 9 ?is book :i* %[s bett] ! scope & v>iety ( common process "w4 ,mr4 ,railton has /udi$ 8 process1 & br\ght to x a k ( ar*itecture & s5se ( ! picturesque4 ,?is illu/ration is r$uc$ consid]ably f ! orig9al draw+4 ,! arti/ :o draws = reproduction by *emical & me*anical means is ?r[n ^u 8 own res\rces4 ,he _c say to ! acid1 ,make ^! l9es a little %>p]1 or to ! sun's rays1 ,give a little m light2 & s--z we _c (t5 h good wood engrav+1 z x is n always *eap en\gh or rapid en\gh = our ne$s--we draw on pap] :at we want reproduc$1 & resort to "o ( ! photographic processes describ$ 9 ?is book4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,unfrequ5t$ ,,ways4 7,w4 ,h4 ,,gore47 ,i d n ?9k ! mod]n illu/rator realises h[ mu* dep5ds ^u him 9 tak+ ! place1 s to speak1 ( ! wood engrav]4 ,! int]pretation ( tone into l9e fitt$ = ! type press1 to :i* ! wood engrav] gave a lifetime1 w devolve m & m ^u him4 ,we _c keep ?is too cont9ually 9 m9d1 = 9 spite ( ! limitations 9 me*anically-produc$ blocks 7z comp>$ ) wood engrav+7 9 obta9+ delicate effects ( tone 9 l9e1 mu* c be done 9 :i* ! engrav] has no "p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,l[+ ,,h]d ,,w9ds ,,sl[ly ,o',,er ,,! ,,lea4 7,w ,h4 ,,gore47 ,i purposely place ^! two p5-&-ink draw+s by ,mr4 ,gore side by side1 to %[ :at delicacy ( l9e & tone may be obta9$ on a relief block by prop] treatm5t4 ,"o c\ld h>dly po9t to bett] examples ( pure l9e4 ,!y 7 drawn on ord9>y c>dbo>d 7! "o above1 #d-a_/d #i-c_/d 947 & reproduc$ by ! gelat9e relief process4 ,all ?is1 x w be obs]v$1 po9ts to a m delicate & intellig5t use ( ! process block ?an is g5]ally all[$1 to some?+1 9 %ort v diff]5t to ! ?9 sket*y outl9es & scribbles :i* are consid]$ ! prop] /yle = ! p5-&-ink arti/4 ,b ! values are sc>cely ev] consid]$ 9 ?is connection4 ,mr4 ,ham]ton makes a curi\s error 9 8 ,graphic ,arts1 :]e he advocates ! use ( ! black blot 9 p5 draw+1 argu+ t z we use lib]ally :ite pap] to express air & v>i\s degrees ( light1 s we may use masses ( solid black to repres5t _m gradations ( d>kness4 ,a little reflection w conv9ce anyone t ?is is no argum5t at all4 ,mr4 ,rusk9's advice 9 8 ,elem5ts ( ,draw+1 z to h[ to lay flat t9ts by means ( pure black l9es 7al?\gh writt5 _m ye>s ago1 & be=e me*anical processes ( reproduction 7 9 vogue7 is s+ul>ly applicable & useful to ! /ud5t ( to-day2 especially :]e he rem9ds him t1 if y _c gradate well ) pure black l9es1 y w nev] d s ) pale ones4 ,to gradate well ) pure black l9es is1 s to speak1 ! :ole art & my/]y ( draw+ = ! photo-z9c process1 ( :i* "o ,london firm alone turns out m ?an a ?\s& blocks a week4 ,z to ! am\nt ( r$uction t a draw+ w be> 9 reproduction1 x _c be suffici5tly widely kn[n1 t 9 spite ( rules laid d[n1 !re is no rule ab\t x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,adv]sity4 7,,fr$4 ,,hall47 ,x is int]e/+ to comp>e ?is reproduction ) ! l>g] "o ov]leaf4 ,!re is no limit to ! exp]im5ts :i* may be made 9 r$uction1 if pursu$ on sci5tific pr9ciples4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,ix4 ,adv]sity1 by ,,fr$4 ,,hall4 ,?is f9e draw+ 0 made 9 p5 & ink by ,mr4 ,hall1 f 8 picture 9 ! ,royal ,academy1 #ahhi4 ,size ( orig9al #ad-a_/b #aa-a_/b 94 ,reproduc$ by gelat9e blocks4 ,! feel+ 9 l9e is conspicu\s 9 bo? blocks1 b _m pa9t]s might pref] ! small]4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,will[y ,,/ream4 7,,f ,,! ,,pa9t+ ,,by ,,maud ,,naftel47 7,new ,gall]y1 #ahhi47 ,mr4 ,em]y ,walk]1 ( ! firm ( ,walk] & ,b\tall1 :o has _h great exp]i5ce 9 ! reproduction ( illu/rations & designs f old books & manuscripts1 w tell y t v (t5 !re is no r$uction ( ! orig9al2 & he w %[ reproductions 9 photo-relief ( engrav+s & draw+s ( ! same size z ! orig9als1 ! "* ( ! pap]1 & ! col\r ( ! pr9t+ also1 s closely imitat$ t exp]ts c h>dly di/+ui% "o f ! o!r4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! value ( r$uction1 = c]ta9 /yles ( draw+ especially1 c h>dly be ov]-e/imat$4 ,! la/ draw+ 0 r$uc$ to less ?an half ! l5g? ( ! orig9al1 & is1 ,i ?9k1 "o ( ! be/ results yet atta9$ by ! ,dawson relief process4 ,aga91 ,i say1 !re is no rule ab\t x4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ye>s1 & 9 ! r$uction to v>i\s scales ( ?\s&s ( draw+s by diff]5t arti/s1 to pr9t at ! type press1 my exp]i5ce is t e draw+ has its scale1 to :i* x is be/ r$uc$4 ,9 ^! pages w be f\nd examples ( draw+s r$uc$ to "o-sixtie? ! area ( ! orig9al1 :il/ o!rs h n be5 r$uc$ at all4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,x4 ,tw9s1 by ,,/anley ,,b]kley4 ,sket* 9 p5 & ink 7size #h-a_/d #e-a_/b 947 f ,mr4 ,b]kley's picture 9 ! ,grosv5or ,gall]y 9 #ahhd4 ,a good example ( bread? & expression 9 l9e1 ! values be+ well indicat$4 ,mr4 ,b]kley1 kn[+ animal life well1 & kn[+ 8 picture1 is able to give expression to almo/ e t\*4 ,"h ! common z9c process answ]s well4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,d>k ,,isl&4 7,,f ,,! ,,pa9t+ ,,by ,,alfr$ ,,ea/47 7,royal ,academy1 #ahhe47 ,!re is mu* in/ruction 9 ^! draw+s by pa9t]s1 in/ruction ( a k9d1 n to be obta9$ else:]e4 ,! broad di/9ction betwe5 a sket* f ,nature & a draw+ made 9 a sket*y mann] _c be too (t5 po9t$ out1 & su* draw+s z ^? by ,mr4 ,g4 ,claus5 7p4 #ei71 ,fr$4 ,hall 7p4 #gc71 ,/anley ,b]kley 7p4 #gi71 ,t4 ,c4 ,got* 7p4 #hc71 & o!rs1 help to expla9 ! diff]5ce4 ,^! are all reproduc$ easily on process blocks4#i ,z to sket*+ 9 l9e f life1 ready = reproduction on a process block1 x is necess>y to say a few words "h4 ,! sy/em is1 ,i "k1 foll[$ by a few illu/rators = newspap]s 7& by a few g5iuses l ,mr4 ,joseph ,p5nell1 ,rav5 ,hill1 & ,phil4 ,may1 :o h _! own me?ods71 & :o1 by incessant practice1 h become pr(ici5t4 ,!y h special ability = ?is k9d ( "w1 & _! mann] & /yle is _! capital & attraction4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xi4 ,a ,portrait1 by ,t4 ,c4 ,,got*4 ,p5-&-ink draw+ 7size #g-a_/b #f-a_/b 9472 f 8 picture 9 ! ,exhibition ( ! ,new ,engli% ,art ,club1 #ahhi4 ,mr4 ,got* is well kn[n = 8 pa9t+ ( *ildr52 b he has also ! in/9ct = l9e draw+1 & a t\* :i* reproduces well )\t any help f ! mak] ( ! z9c block4 ,! abs5ce ( outl9e1 & ! modell+ sugge/$ by v]tical l9es1 also ! treatm5t ( backgr\nd1 %\ld be notic$4 ,?is backgr\nd lights up :5 oppos$ to :ite & vice-v]sa4 ,b to attempt to tea* rapid sket*+ 9 p5 & ink is beg9n+ at ! wrong end1 & is fatal to good art2 x is l tea*+ ! pr9ciples ( pyrote*nics :il/ fireworks are go+ (f4 ,& yet we he> ( prizes giv5 = rapid sket*es to be reproduc$ by ! processes4 ,inde$1 ,i believe ?is is ! wrong road2 ! baneful result ( liv+ 9 high-pressure times4 ,x is difficult to imag9e any arti/ ( ! pa/ cons5t+ to su* a sy/em ( education4 ,sket*+ f life is1 ( c\rse1 necess>y to ! /ud5t 7especially :5 mak+ illu/rations by wa% draw+s1 ( :i* ,i %all speak pres5tly71 b = l9e "w x %\ld be done fir/ 9 p5cil1 or :atev] m$ium is easie/ at ! mom5t4 ,! l9es = reproduction require ?9k+ ab\t1 ?9k+ :at to leave out1 h[ to int]pret ! grey ( a p5cil1 or ! t9ts ( a bru% sket* 9 ! fewe/ l9es4 ,?us1 & ?us only1 ! /ud5t le>ns ! art ( leav+ out1 ! value ( a l9e4 ,! t5d5cy ( mod]n illu/rators is to imitate somebody2 & 9 l9e draw+ = ! processes1 :]e ! arti/1 & n ! engrav]1 has to make ! l9es1 imitation ( "s man's me?od is almo/ inevitable4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xii4 ,sir ,john ,t5niel1 by ,,edw9 ,,w>d4 ,example ( ano!r /yle ( l9e draw+4 ,mr4 ,w>d is a ma/] ( l9e1 z well z a skilful portrait pa9t]4 ,he has lo/ no?+ ( ! =ce & "* ( ! orig9al "h1 by treat+ x 9 l9e4 ,mr4 ,w>d has pa9t$ a s]ies ( small portraits ( public m51 ( :i* !re is an example on p4 #ij4 ,size ( p5-&-ink draw+ #h-a_/b #e-a_/b 941 reproduc$ by common process4 ,let me quote an in/ance4 ,! /yle ( ! late ,*>les ,ke5e is imitat$ 9 m ?an "o j\rnal at ! pres5t "t1 ! arti/s cat*+ 8 me?od ( l9e m easily ?an ! high] qualities ( 8 art1 8 *i>oscuro1 8 s5se ( values & atmosph]ic effect4 ,i say no?+ ( 8 pictorial s5se & hum\r1 = !y are beyond imitation4 ,x is ! husk only we h pres5t$ to u4 ,z a matt] ( education & outlook = ! y\ng] g5]ation ( illu/rators1 ?is imitation ( o!r m5's l9es des]ves our special consid]ation4 ,no?+ is easi] 9 l9e "w ?an to copy f ! daily press4 ,no?+ is m prejudicial to good art1 or m fatal to progress4 ,& yet x is ! habit ( "s in/ructors to hold up ! me?ods 7& ! tricks7 ( "o draughtsman to ! admiration ( /ud5ts4 ,i read 9 an art p]iodical ! o!r day1 a sugge/ion = ! bett] und]/&+ ( ! way to draw topical illu/rations 9 p5 & ink1 viz43 t examples ( ! "w ( ,daniel ,vi]ge1 ,rico1 ,abbey1 ,rav5 ,hill1 & o!r not$ p5 draughtsm51 %\ld be set z an ex]cise to /ud5ts2 ( c\rse ) explanation by a lectur] or tea*]4 ,b ?is is a dang]\s road = ! av]age /ud5t to travel4 ,( all bran*es ( art none leads s quickly to mann]ism z l9e "w1 & a p>ticul> mann] :5 ?us acquir$ is difficult to %ake (f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,rt4 ,,hon4 ,,john ,,morley1 ,m4,p4 7,,edw9 ,,w>d47 ,?9k ( ! consequ5ces--,vi]ge ) 8 g>i% lights1 8 trick ( black spots1 8 me*anical %ad[s & neglect ( *i>oscuro--all r$eem$ & tol]at$ 9 a g5ius = ! da% & _s & beauty ( 8 l9es--l9es1 be x obs]v$1 t reproduce ) difficulty on relief blocks--imitat$ by c\ntless /ud5ts2 ,mr4 ,e4 ,a4 ,abbey1 ! ref9$1 & delicate ,am]ican draughtsman1 imitat$ = 8 me?od--! /yle & *ic ( x be+ 8 own1 & inimitable4 ,?9k ( ! cr[d com+ on--imitators ( ! imitators ( ,rico--imitators ( ! imitators ( ,*>les ,ke5e6 ,x may be said g5]ally1 t 9 ord] to obta9 "w z an illu/rator--! practical po9t--!re mu/ be orig9ality ( ?\ght & design4 ,!re mu/ be orig9ality1 z well z c>e & ?\ght be/[$ on e draw+ = ! ,press4 ,! draw+ ( portraits 9 l9e f photographs gives employm5t to "s illu/rators1 z l9e blocks w pr9t 9 newspap]s mu* bett] ?an photographs4 ,b = newspap] pr9t+ !y mu/ be done ) some?+ ( ! precision ( ?is portrait1 9 :i* ! :ites are cut deep & :]e !re are few brok5 l9es4 ,x is ! exception to get good pr9t+ 9 ,engl&1 "u pres5t conditions ( ha/e & *eap5+ ( production1 & !re=e ! be/ draw+s = rapid reproduction are ^? t require ! lea/ t\*+ on ! "p ( ! engrav]1 z a t\*$-up process block is tr\blesome to ! pr9t]2 b x is difficult to impress ?is on ! arti/ic m9d4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xiii4 ,no?+ v5ture1 no?+ h1 by ,e4 ,p4 ,,sangu9etti4 ,p5-&-ink draw+ f ! picture by ,e4 ,p4 ,sangu9etti1 exhibit$ at ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury ,art ,society's ,gall]y1 #ahhh4 ,! l>ge block is suitable = pr9t+ on common pap]1 & by fa/ ma*9es4 ,! little block is be/ adapt$ = bookwork1 & is int]e/+ z %[+ ! quality obta9$ by r$uction4 ,x is an excell5t example ( draw+ = process1 %[+ mu* +5uity ( l9e4 ,! tone & %ad[s on ! gr\nd equal ! be/ fac-simile engrav+4 7,size ( orig9al draw+1 f :i* bo? blocks 7 made1 #ae #aj 947 ,illu/ration3 ,,on ,,! ,,t]race4 7,e4 ,a4 ,,r[e47 ,f 8 wat]-col\r 9 ! ,new ,gall]y1 #ahid4 ,size ( ,p5 ,draw+1 #e-c_/d x #g-a_/b 94 ,"s p _c draw firm clean l9es at all1 & %\ld n attempt !m4 ,few all[ suffici5tly = ! result ( r$uction1 & ! necess>y ?ick5+ ( "s l9es4 ,! results are (t5 a matt] ( t\* & temp]am5t4 ,"s arti/s are naturally unfitt$ = l9e "w2 ! rules :i* w\ld apply to "o are almo/ useless to ano!r4 ,aga91 !re is great inequality 9 ! mak+ ( ^! *eap z9c blocks1 h[ev] well ! draw+s may be made2 !y require m c>e & exp]i5ce 9 develop+ ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,z l9e draw+ is ! basis ( ! be/ draw+ = ! press1 ,i h int]sp]s$ ?r\gh ^! pages examples & a*ievem5ts 9 ?is direction2 examples :i* 9 ne>ly e case are ! result ( k & consid]ation ( ! requirem5ts ( process1 z an antidote to ! sket*y1 c>eless me?ods s mu* 9 vogue4 ,"h we may see--z has probably nev] be5 se5 be=e 9 "o volume--:at h>monies & discords may be play$ on ?is in/rum5t ) "o /r+4 ,"o /r+--no mess+ ab\t1 if ! phrase may be excus$--pure black l9es on ,bri/ol bo>d 7or pap] ( ! same surface71 photograph$ on to a z9c plate1 ! :ite p>ts et*$ away & ! draw+ made to /& 9 relief1 ready to pr9t ) ! lett]press ( a book2 e l9e & t\* com+ out a black "o1 or reject$ altoge!r by ! process4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xiv4 ,= ! ,squire1 by ,,sir ,,john ,,millais1 ,,b>t41 ,r4 ,a4 ,?is is an example ( draw+ = process = rapid pr9t+4 ,! acc5ts ( ! picture are express$ firmly & 9 ! fewe/ l9es1 to give ! effect ( ! picture 9 ! simple/ way4 ,sir ,john ,millais' picture1 :i* 0 exhibit$ 9 ! ,grosv5or ,gall]y 9 #ahhc1 0 engrav$ 9 mezzot9t1 & publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,?os4 ,agnew ,sons4 7,size ( p5-&-ink draw+1 #g-a_/d #e-a_/b 947 ,x is suitable = mu* great] r$uction4 ,draw+s ?us made1 ^u ,bri/ol bo>d or pap] ( simil> surface1 ) lamp black1 ,indian ink1 or any ( ! num]\s inks n[ 9 use1 :i* dry ) a dull1 n %9y1 surface1 w always reproduce well4 ,! p5 %\ld be ( m$ium po9t1 or a bru% may be us$ z a p54 ,! l9es %\ld be cle> & %>p1 & are capable ( mu* v>iation 9 /yle & treatm5t1 z we see 9 ^! pages4 ,i purposely d n dwell "h ^u "s special surfaces & pap]s by :i* diff]5t tones & effects may be produc$ by ! l9e processes2 !re is too mu* t5d5cy already ) ! arti/ to be int]e/$ 9 ! me*anical side4 ,i h n recomm5d$ ! use ( clay bo>d1 = in/ance1 = ! l9e draughtsman1 al?\gh x is mu* us$ = giv+ a crisp l9e to process "w1 & has a useful surface = scrap+ out lights1 c4 ,! results are ne>ly always me*anical look+4#aj ,on ! next page are two simple1 /raight=w>d draw+s1 :i*1 x w be obs]v$1 are well suit$ to ! me?od ( reproduction = ! type press4 ,! fir/ is by ,mr4 ,h4 ,s4 ,m>ks1 ,r4 ,a4 7:i* ,i take f ! pages ( ,academy ,notes71 skilfully drawn ^u ,bri/ol bo>d1 ab\t #g #e 94 ,"h e l9e tells1 & none are sup]flu\s2 ! figure ( ! monk1 ! texture ( 8 dress1 ! old /one doorway1 ! creep] gr[+ on ! wall1 & ! basket ( provisions1 all =m a picture1 ! l9es ( :i* h>monise well ) ! type ( a book4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,/opp$ ,,key4 7,h4 ,s4 ,,m>ks1 ,r4 ,a47 ,9 ?is delib]ate1 c>eful draw+1 9 :i* :ite pap] plays by f> ! pr9cipal "p1 ! backgr\nd & light+ ( ! picture are consid]$1 also ! g5]al balance ( a decorative page4#aa ,illu/ration3 ,,nymph ,,& ,,cupid4 ,,small ,,bas-,,relief4 7,h4 ,,holiday47 7,f ,academy ,notes47 ,,footnotes3 #g ,no "o arti/ c tea* draw+ 9 l9e )\t a t5d5cy to mann]ism1 especially 9 art classes4 #h ,"o ( ! mo/ accompli%$ ( ,engli% pa9t]s told me ! o!r day t :5 he fir/ drew = illu/ration1 ! wood engrav] dictat$ ! angle & /yle ( cross-hat*+1 c41 s z to fit ! engrav]'s tools4 #i ,special int]e/ atta*es to ! examples 9 ?is book f ! fact t !y h ne>ly all be5 drawn on diff]5t k9ds ( pap]1 & ) diff]5t mat]ials2 & yet ne>ly all1 z w be se51 h come out successfully1 & give ! _s ( ! orig9al4 #aj ,= description ( ! v>i\s gra9$ pap]s1 c41 see page #aac1 also ,app5dix4 #aa ,! "y p5-&-ink arti/ ( to-day g5]ally avoids backgr\nds1 or r5d]s !m by a s]ies ( unmean+ scrat*es2 he does n consid] en\gh ! true light+ ( a picture1 z we %all see fur!r on4 ,! t5d5cy ( mu* mod]n black-&-:ite tea*+ is to ignore backgr\nds4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,photo-,,z9c ,,process4#ab ,9 ord] to turn any ( ^! draw+s into blocks = ! type press1 ! fir/ process is to h x photograph$ to ! size requir$1 & to transf] a pr9t ( x on to a s5sitiz$ z9c plate4 ,?is pr9t1 or photographic image ( ! draw+ ly+ ^u ! z9c plate1 is ( greasy sub/ance 7bi*romate ( pota% & gelat9e71 & is aft]w>ds ink$ up ) a roll]2 ! plate is !n imm]s$ 9 a ba? ( nitric acid & e!r1 :i* cuts away ! p>ts :i* 7 left :ite ^u ! pap]1 & leaves ! l9es ( ! draw+ 9 relief4 ,?is bit+ 91 z x is call$1 requires consid]able exp]i5ce & att5tion1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! draw+4 ,?us1 ! l9es are turn$ into metal 9 a few h\rs1 & ! plate :5 m\nt$ on wood to ! height ( type-lett]s1 is ready to be pr9t$ f1 if necess>y1 at ! rate ( sev]al ?\s&s an h\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait4 7,t4 ,,blake ,,wirgman47 7,f ,academy ,notes47 ,?is portrait 0 exhibit$ 9 ! ,royal ,academy 9 #ahhj4 ,i reproduce ,mr4 ,wirgman's sket* = ! sake ( 8 p[]ful treatm5t ( l9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xv4 ,=get-,me-,n1 by ,,h5ry ,,ryl&4 7,f ! ,engli% ,illu/rat$ ,magaz9e47 ,an unusually f9e example ( reproduction 9 l9e1 by z9c process1 f a l>ge p5-&-ink draw+4 ,x s]ves to %[ h[ cle>ly writ+ c be reproduc$ if done by a tra9$ h&4 ,/ud5ts %\ld notice ! v>iety ( col\r & delicacy ( l9e1 also ! brightness & ev5ness ( ! process block ?r\gh\t4 ,?is illu/ration sugge/s possibilities 9 produc+ decorative pages 9 mod]n books )\t ! aid ( pr9t]s' type1 :i* is wor? consid]ation 9 art s*ools4 ,x requires1 ( c\rse1 k ( ! figure & ( design1 & a tra9$ h& = process4 ,"o obvi\s prep>ation = su* "w1 is an exam9ation ( decorative pages 9 ! ,manuscript ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 7,see ,app5dix47 ,x w\ld be difficult1 ,i ?9k1 to %[ m cle>ly ! scope & v>iety ( l9e "w by process ?an 9 ! contra/ betwe5 ?is & ! two prec$+ illu/rations4 ,ea* arti/ is an exp]t 9 black & :ite 9 8 own way4 ,illu/ration3 ,,baby',s ,,own4 7,g4 ,,hilly>d ,,sw9/ead47 7,f ,academy ,notes1 #ahij47 ,a wond]ful & />tl+ inv5tion is "h1 wor?y ( a l& ( en*antm5t1 :i*1 )\t lab\r1 ) little m ?an a wave ( ! h&1 transfixes ! arti/'s t\*1 & turns x into concrete2 by :i* ! mo/ delicate & ha/y /rokes ( ! p5 are n m]ely record$ 9 fac-simile = ! eye to deciph]1 b are br\ght out 9 %>p relief1 z bold & /rong z if hewn out ( a rock6 ,"h is an argum5t = do+ ! be/ & true/ "w we c1 a process t r5d]s inde/ructible--s inde/ructible t no?+ %ort ( cremation w\ld get rid ( x--e l9e t we put ^u pap]2 an argum5t = le>n+ = purposes ( illu/ration ! t\* & me?od be/ adapt$ = reproduction by ! press4#ac ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,sil5t ,,pool4 7,,ed4 ,w4 ,,waite47 7,f ,academy ,notes1 #ahia47 ,,gelat9e ,,process4 ,by ?is process a m delicate & s5sitive me?od has be5 us$ to obta9 a relief block4 ,! draw+ is photograph$ to ! requir$ size 7z be=e71 & ! negative laid ^u a glass plate 7previ\sly coat$ ) a mixture ( gelat9e & bi*romate ( pota%74 ,! "p ( ?is ?91 s5sitive film n expos$ to ! light1 is absorb5t1 & :5 imm]s$ 9 wat] swells up4 ,! "p expos$ to ! light 7i4e41 ! l9es ( ! draw+7 rema9s ne> ! surface ( ! glass4 ,?us we h a sunk m\ld f :i* a metal ca/ c be tak51 leav+ ! l9es 9 relief z 9 ! z9c process4 ,9 skilful h&s ?is process admits ( m delicate gradations1 & pale1 unc]ta9 l9es c be reproduc$ ) tol]able fidelity4 ,! blocks take long] to make1 & are d\ble ! price ( ! photo-z9c process fir/ describ$4 ,!re is no process yet inv5t$ :i* gives bett] results f a p5-&-ink draw+ = ! type-press4 ,^! blocks :5 complet$ h a copp] surface4 ,! reproductions ( p5cil1 *alk1 or *>coal draw+s by ! z9c1 or bit+-9 processes are ne>ly always failures1 z we may see 9 "s ( ! be/ arti/ic books & magaz9es to-day4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xvi4 ,! ,mill]'s ,daught]1 by ,e4 ,k4 ,,johnson4 ,ano!r v int]e/+ example ( ,mr4 ,e4 ,k4 ,johnson's draw+ 9 p5 & ink4 ,ne>ly e l9e has ! value int5d$ by ! arti/4 ,! draw+ has be5 l>gely r$uc$1 & reproduc$ by ! gelat9e relief process4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,*apt]4 7,,f ,,! ,,pa9t+ ,,by ,w4 ,,ra9ey47 ,royal ,academy1 #ahhf4 7,reproduc$ by ! old ,dawson process47 ,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,! ,,pas ,,de ,,calais4 7,,jas4 ,,pr9sep ,,beadle47#ad ,,gra9$ ,,pap]s4 ,= ^? :o _c draw easily ) ! p51 !re are sev]al k9ds ( gra9$ pap]s :i* r5d] draw+s suitable = reproduction4 ,! fir/ is a pap] ) black l9es impr9t$ ^u x on a mat]ial suitable = scrap+ out to get lights1 & /r5g!n+ ) p5 or p5cil to get solid blacks4 ,on "s ( ^! pap]s black l9es are impr9t$ horizontally1 "s v]tically1 "s diagonally1 "s 9 dots1 & "s ) l9es ( sev]al k9ds1 "o "u ! o!r1 s t ! arti/ c get ! t9t requir$ by scrap+ out4 ,draw+s ?us made c be reproduc$ 9 relief l l9e draw+s1 tak+ c>e n to r$uce a f9e black gra9 too mu* or x w become spotty 9 reproduction4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gold5 ,,days4 7,f4 ,,/u>t ,,ri*>dson47 7,black-gra9$ pap]47 ,?is draw+ & ! "o opposite by ,mr4 ,hume ,nisbet %[ ! skilful use ( pap] ) v]tical & horizontal black l9es2 also1 9 ! latt] draw+1 ! diff]5t qualities ( /r5g? 9 ! sky1 & ! me?od ( work+ ov] ! gra9$ pap] 9 p5 & ink4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xvii4 ,,twilight4 7,,specim5 ,,( ,,black-,,gra9$ ,,pap]47 7,f ,lessons 9 ,art1 by ,hume ,nisbet1 publi%$ by ,*atto ,w9dus47 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xviii4 ,le ,d5t du ,gant1 by ,e4 ,t4 ,,compton4 ,ano!r skilful use ( ! black-gra9$ pap] to repres5t sn[1 glaci]1 & drift+ cl\ds4 ,! orig9al tone ( ! pap] may be se5 9 ! sky & =egr\nd4 ,! effect is obta9$ by scrap+ out ! light] p>ts on ! pap] & /r5g!n+ ! d>k ) p5 & p5cil4 ,x is int]e/+ to comp>e ! two blocks made f ! same draw+4 7,size ( draw+ #g-c_/d #d 947 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xix4 ,l&scape1 by ,a4 ,m4 ,,l9d/rom4 ,example ( bold effect by scrap+ out on ! black-l9$ pap]1 & free use ( autographic *alk4 ,?is draw+ %[s1 ,i ?9k1 ! arti/ic limitations ( ?is process 9 ! h&s ( an exp]i5c$ draughtsman4 ,! orig9al draw+ by ,mr4 ,l9d/rom 7f 8 pa9t+ 9 ! ,royal ,academy7 0 ! same size z ! reproduction4 ,o!r pap]s l>gely us$ = illu/ration 9 ! type press h a :ite gra91 a good specim5 ( :i* is on page #abc2 & !re are v>iations ( ^! :ite-gra9$ pap]s1 ( :i* :at is kn[n 9 ,france z allong pap] is "o ( ! be/ = r\gh sket*es 9 books & newspap]s4 ,! "q may arise 9 _m m9ds1 are ^! contrivances ) _! me*anical l9es = produc+ effect1 wor?y ( ! "t & att5tion :i* has be5 be/[$ ^u !m8 ,i ?9k x is v d\btful if mu* "w ought to be produc$ by means ( ! black-gra9$ pap]s2 c]ta9ly1 9 ! h&s ( ! unskill$1 ! results w\ld prove disa/r\s4 ,a pa9t] may use !m = sket*es1 especially = l&scape4 ,mr4 ,compton 7z on p4 #aaf7 c express v rapidly & effectively1 by scrap+ out ! lights & /r5g!n+ ! d>ks1 a sn[drift or ! surface ( a glaci]4 ,9 ! draw+ on page #abc1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,j4 ,watson has %[n u h[ ! gra9$ pap] c be play$ )1 9 arti/ic h&s1 to give ! effect ( a picture4 ,! diff]5ce1 arti/ically speak+1 betwe5 sket*es made on black-gra9$ & :ite-gra9$ pap]s seems to me mu* 9 fav\r ( ! latt]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xx4 ,vol5dam1 by ,c4 ,j4 ,,watson4 ,example ( :ite-l9$ pap]1 treat$ v skilfully & effectively--only ! pa9t] ( ! picture c\ld h giv5 s mu* bread? & tru? ( effect4 ,?is :ite pap] has a /rong v]tical gra9 :i* :5 drawn ^u ) autographic *alk has ! same appe>ance z black-l9$ pap]2 & is (t5 tak5 = x4 7,size ( draw+ #f #d-a_/b 947 ,b at ! be/1 blocks made f draw+s on ^! pap]s are apt to be unequal1 & d n pr9t ) ! ease & c]ta9ty ( pure l9e "w2 !y require good pap] & c>eful pr9t+1 :i* is n always to be obta9$4 ,! arti/ :o draws = ! processes 9 ?is c\ntry mu/ n expect 7except+ 9 v exceptional cases7 to h 8 "w reproduc$ & pr9t$ z 9 ,am]ica1 or ev5 z well z 9 ?is book4 ,illu/ration3 ,,& ,,wee ,,pe]ie ,,w9kie ,,pay$ ,,= ,a'4 7,,f ,,! ,,pa9t+ ,,by ,,hugh ,,cam]on47 ,example ( a good *alk draw+ too l>gely r$uc$4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xxi4 ,an ,arre/1 by ,,melton ,,prior4 ,?is is a rem>kable example ( ! reproduction ( a p5cil draw+4 ,x is seldom t ! s(t grey effect ( a p5cil draw+ c be obta9$ on a half-tone relief block1 or ! lights s successfully pres]v$4 ,?is is only a portion ( a picture by ,mr4 ,melton ,prior1 ! well-kn[n special arti/1 = :i* ,i am indebt$ to ! proprietors ( ,sket*4 ,! reproduction is by ,c>l ,h5ts*el4 ,! reproduction on ! previ\s page owes its success n only to good process1 pap]1 & pr9t+1 b also to ! firm1 decisive t\* ( an exp]i5c$ illu/rator l ,mr4 ,melton ,prior4 ,a p5cil draw+ 9 less skilful h&s is apt to g to pieces on ! press4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,g4 ,h>p]1 9 8 excell5t book on ,engli% ,p5 ,arti/s1 has treat$ ( o!r ways 9 :i* draw+s on prep>$ pap]s may be manipulat$ = ! type press2 b n always ) success4 ,9 t int]e/+ publication1 ,! ,/udio1 !re h appe>$ dur+ ! pa/ ye> _m valuable pap]s on ?is subject1 b 9 :i* ! me*anism ( illu/ration is p]haps too mu* insi/$ on4 ,"s ( ! examples ( mix$ draw+s1 & ( *alk-&-p5cil reproductions1 might well det] any arti/ f adopt+ su* aids to illu/ration4 ,! fact is1 t ! use ( gra9$ pap]s is1 at ! be/1 a make%ift & a degradation ( ! art ( illu/ration1 if judg$ by ! old /&>ds4 ,x w be a bad day = ! art ( ,engl& :5 ^! me*anical appliances are put into ! h&s ( "y /ud5ts 9 art s*ools4 ,= ! purposes ( ord9>y illu/rations we %\ld keep to ! simpl] me?od ( l9e4 ,all ^! contrivances require great c>e 9 pr9t+1 & ! blocks h (t5 to be work$ up by an engrav]4 ,! mat]ial ( ! process blocks is unsuit$ to ! purpose4 ,9 a h&book to /ud5ts ( illu/ration ?is requires repeat+ on ne>ly e page4 ,z a contra/ to ! =ego+1 let u look at a sket* 9 pure l9e by ! l&scape pa9t]1 ,mr4 ,m4 ,r4 ,corbet1 :o1 ) little m ?an a scribble ( ! p51 c express ! feel+ ( sunrise & ! /ill air among/ ! trees4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sunrise ,,9 ,,! ,,sev]n ,,valley4 7,,mat!w ,r4 ,,corbet47 ,,me*anical ,,dots4 ,among/ ! mod]n inv5tions = help+ ! hurri$ or feeble illu/rator1 is ! sy/em ( lay+ on me*anical dots to give %ad[ & col\r to a pure l9e draw+1 by process4 ,x is a practice always to be regrett$2 :e!r appli$ to a necess>ily ha/y newspap] sket*1 or to "o ( ,daniel ,vi]ge's elaborately pr9t$ illu/rations 9 ! ,pablo de ,segovia4 ,"o _c condemn too /rongly ?is sy/em1 s freely us$ 9 cont95tal illu/rat$ %eets1 b :i*1 9 ! mo/ skilful h&s1 seems a degradation ( ! art ( illu/ration4 ,^! dots & l9es1 us$ = %ad[1 or tone1 are laid ^u ! plate by ! mak] ( ! block1 ! arti/ indicat+1 by a blue p5cil m>k1 ! p>ts ( a draw+ to be s manipulat$2 & z ! illu/rator has n se5 ! effect on 8 own l9e draw+1 ! results are (t5 a surprise to ev]yone conc]n$4 ,i wi% ^! +5i\s contrivances 7 m wor?y ( an arti/'s att5tion4 ,on ! opposite page is an example tak5 f an ,engli% magaz9e1 by :i* x may be se5 t all daylight has be5 tak5 ru?lessly f ! pr9cipal figure1 & t x is no long] 9 tone ) ! re/ ( ! picture1 z an op5 air sket*4 ,! sy/em is tempt+ to ! hurri$ illu/rator2 he has only to draw 9 l9e 7or outl9e1 :i* is worse7 & !n m>k :]e ! t9t is to appe>1 & ! dots are laid on by ! mak] ( ! blocks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,adjutant',s ,,love ,,/ory4 7,h4 ,r4 ,,mill>47 7,example ( me*anical gra947 ,no4 ,,xxii4 ,9 ! illu/ration on ! la/ page 7,i h *os5 an example ( f9e-gra9 dots2 ^? us$ 9 newspap]s & common pr9ts are mu* m unsightly1 z ev]yone kn[s71 x is obvi\s t ! arti/'s sket* is injur$ by ?is treatm5t1 t1 9 fact1 ! result is n arti/ic at all4 ,no?+ b high pressure or incompet5ce on ! "p ( ! illu/rator c excuse ?is me*anical addition to an incomplete draw+2 & x mu/ be rememb]$ t ^! in>ti/ic results are n ! fault ( ! process1 or ( ! process man4 ,b ! sy/em is gr[+ 9 e direction1 to save "t & tr\ble1 & is l[]+ ! /&>d ( topical illu/rations4 ,& x is ?is sy/em 7int] alia7 :i* is taught 9 te*nical s*ools1 :]e ! k ( process is tak+ ! place ( wood engrav+4 ,! "q is aga9 upp]mo/ 9 ! m9d1 are su* me*anical appliances 7dodges1 ,i v5ture to call !m7 wor?y ! s]i\s att5tion ( arti/s2 & c any good arise by imp>t+ su* k to y\?ful illu/rators 9 te*nical s*ools8 ,wood engrav+ 0 a craft to be le>n$1 ) a c>e] = ! appr5tice4 ,!re is no simil> c>e] = a lad by le>n+ ! processes2 & no?+ b disappo9tm5t be=e him if he le>ns ! me*anism be=e he is an educat$ & qualifi$ arti/4 ,m5tion %\ld be made "h 7al?\gh ,i d n wi% to dwell ^u x7 ( draw+ 9 l9e on prep>$ transf] pap] ) autographic ink1 :i* is transf]r$ to z9c )\t ! aid ( photography1 a process v useful = rapid & common "w2 b x is seldom us$ = good book illu/ration1 z x is irksome to ! arti/ & n capable ( v good results2 moreov]1 ! draw+ has (t5 to be m9ute1 z ! reproduction w be ! same size z ! orig9al4 ,x is "o ( ! processes :i* ,i ?9k ! /ud5t ( art _h bett] n "k mu* ab\t4#ae ,t x is possible1 by ! common processes1 to obta9 /rong effects almo/ equal to engrav+1 may be se5 9 "s process illu/rations by ,mr4 ,lancelot ,spe$1 9 :i* _m te*nical exp]im5ts h be5 made1 includ+ ! free use ( :ite l9+4 ,mr4 ,spe$ is v d>+ 9 8 exp]im5ts1 & /ud5ts may well puzzle ov] ! means by :i* he obta9s 8 effects by ! l9e processes4 ,illu/ration ,! illu/ration opposite f ,&rew ,lang's ,blue ,poetry ,book1 %[s a v +5i\s treatm5t ( ! black-l9$ pap]s4 ,te*nically x is "o ( ! be/ examples ,i "k (1--! result ( mu* /udy & exp]im5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,f ,&rew ,lang's ,blue ,poetry ,book4 7,,lancelot ,,spe$47 ,no4 ,,xxiii4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xxiv4 ,! ,armada1 by ,,lancelot ,,spe$4 ,?is extraord9>y example ( l9e draw+ = process 0 tak5 f ,&rew ,lang's ,blue ,poetry ,book1 publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,longmans4 ,9 ?is illu/ration no wa% has be5 us$1 nor has !re be5 any scre5+ or engrav+ on ! block4 ,! me?ods ( l9+ are1 ( c\rse1 to a great ext5t ! arti/'s own inv5tion4 ,?is illu/ration & ! two prec$+ lead to ! conclusion t !re is yet mu* to le>n 9 draw+ = process by ^? :o w /udy x4 ,! a*ievem5ts ( ! mak]s ( ! blocks1 ) difficult draw+s to reproduce1 is q ano!r matt]4 ,"h all is easy = ! reproduc]1 ! common z9c process only be+ employ$1 & ! requir$ effects obta9$ )\t mu* worry+ ( ! pr9t]1 or ( ! mak] ( ! blocks4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?us f> all ! illu/rations 9 ?is book h be5 produc$ by ! common l9e process4 ,illu/ration3 ,,se9e ,,boats4 7,,f ,,! ,,pa9t+ ,,by ,,l\is ,,gri]47 ,,half-,,tone ,,process4 ,! next process to consid] is ! me?od ( reproduc+ wa% draw+s & photographs on blocks suitable = pr9t+ at ! type press1 commonly kn[n z ! ,meis5ba* or half-tone process2 a mo/ +5i\s & valuable inv5tion1 :i*1 9 clev] h&s1 is capable ( arti/ic results1 b :i* 9 common use has ca/ a gloom ov] illu/rations 9 books & newspap]s4 ,fir/1 z to ! me?od ( mak+ ! blocks4 ,z !re are no l9es 9 a wa% draw+ or 9 a photograph f nature1 x is necess>y to obta9 "s k9d ( gra91 or int]/ices ( :ite1 on ! z9c plate1 z 9 a mezzot9t2 s betwe5 ! draw+ or photograph to be reproduc$ & ! cam]a1 glass scre5s1 cov]$ ) l9es or dots1 are int]pos$1 v>y+ 9 /r5g? accord+ to ! light & %ade requir$2 ?us turn+ ! image ( ! wa% draw+ practically into l9e1 ) suffici5t int]/ices ( :ite = pr9t+ purposes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,!re ,,is ,,! ,,priory6 ,?us1 all draw+s 9 wa%1 *alk1 p5cil1 etc41 t w n reproduce by ! direct l9e processes1 already ref]r$ to1 are treat$ = pr9t+ at ! type press2 & ?us ! uni=m1 monoton\s dulness1 ) :i* we are all famili>1 p]vades ! page4 ,! conditions ( draw+ = ?is process h to be c>efully /udi$1 to prev5t ! mean+less sme>s & blot*es 7! result g5]ally ( mak+ too ha/y sket*es 9 wa%7 :i* disfigure ne>ly e magaz9e & newspap] we take up4 ,!re is no necessity = ?is degradation ( illu/ration4 ,! arti/ :o draws 9 wa% ) body col\r1 or pa9ts 9 oils 9 mono*rome1 = ?is process1 soon le>ns t 8 high lights w be lo/ & 8 /ronge/ effects neutralis$1 "u ?is effect ( gauze2 & s = pictorial purposes he has to =ce 8 effect & exagg]ate lights & %ades2 avoid+ too delicate gradations1 & 9 8 diff]5t tones keep+1 s to speak1 to "o octave in/ead ( two4 ,?us1 also = ?is process1 to obta9 brightness & *eap effect1 ! illu/rator ( to-day (t5 avoids backgr\nds altoge!r4 ,9 spite ( ! unc]ta9ty ( ?is sy/em ( reproduction1 x has great attractions = ! skilful or ! hurri$ illu/rator4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xxv4 ,helga rode )\t a saddle z if %e _h gr[n to h] horse--at full spe$4 7,hans ,&]s5's ,fairy ,tales47 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xxvi4 ,! ,/orks1 by ,j4 ,r4 ,,weguel94 ,& high ?r\gh ! air came ! fir/ /ork & ! second /ork2 a pretty *ild sat on ! back ( ea*4 ,example ( half-tone process appli$ to a slight wa% draw+4 ,! illu/ration is mu* reliev$ by vignett+ & leav+ out3 almo/ ! only *ance = effect t ! arti/ has by ! scre5$ process4 ,x sugge/s1 z s _m ( ! illu/rations 9 ?is book d1 n ! limits b ! scope & possibilities ( process "w = books4 ,?is & ! prec$+ illu/ration by ,mr4 ,weguel9 are tak5 f ,hans ,&]s5's ,fairy ,tales 7,lawr5ce ,bull51 #ahic74 ,t ?is half-tone process is susceptible ( a v>iety ( effects & results1 good & bad1 e read] mu/ be aw>e4 ,! illu/rations 9 ?is book1 f pages #ach to #afe1 are all practically by ! same process ( scre5+1 a slight diff]5ce only 9 ! gra9 be+ disc]nible4 ,! wa% draw+ on page #aci suff]s by ! co>se gra9 on x1 b ! values1 x w be se51 are fairly well pres]v$4 ,! lights :i* are out ( tone appe> to h be5 tak5 out on ! plate by ! mak] ( ! block1 a dang]\s proce$+ ) figures on a small scale4 ,mr4 ,l\is ,gri]'s clev] sket* ( 8 picture 9 wa%1 at ! head ( ?is *apt]1 gives ! effect well4 ,mr4 ,weguel9's illu/rations to ,hans ,&]s5's ,fairy ,tales h be51 ,i und]/&1 a great success1 ! public c>+ m = ! _s ( poetry t brea!s ?r\gh !m ?an = m f9i%$ draw+s4 ,?is is delightful1 & z x %\ld be1 al?\gh1 te*nically1 ! arti/ has n consid]$ 8 process en\gh1 & f ! educational po9t ( view x has its dang]s4 ,! process has be5 blam$ r\ndly1 9 "o or two criticisms ( ,mr4 ,weguel9's illu/rations1 :]eas ! process us$ is ! same z on pages #adi & #aeg4 ,h[ev]1 ! effect on a wa% draw+ is n satisfactory 9 ! be/ h&s4 ,s unc]ta9 & gloomy are ! results t sev]al well-kn[n illu/rators decl9e to use x z a sub/itute = wood engrav+4 ,we %all h to improve consid]ably be=e wood engrav+ is ab&on$4 ,we are improv+ e day1 & by ?is half-tone process numb]less wa% draw+s & photographs f nature are n[ pres5t$ to ! public 9 our daily pr9ts4 ,great advances h be5 made lately 9 ! scre5+ ( p5cil draw+s1 & 9 tak+ out ! lights ( a sket* 7z po9t$ out on page #abg71 & results h be5 obta9$ by c>eful draughtsm5 dur+ ! la/ six mon?s :i* a ye> ago w\ld h be5 consid]$ impossible4 ,^! results h be5 obta9$ pr9cipally by good pr9t+ & pap]--all[+ ( a f9e gra9 on ! block--b :]e ! illu/ration has to be prep>$ = pr9t+1 say #e1jjj an h\r1 (f rot>y ma*9es1 a co>s] gra9 has to be us$1 produc+ ! ,b]l9 wool patt]n effect on ! page1 ) :i* we are all famili> 9 newspap]s4 ,let u n[ look at two examples ( wa% draw+ by process1 l5t by ! proprietors ( ,black & ,:ite4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xxvii4 ,?is is a good av]age example ( :at to expect by ! half-tone process f a wa% draw+4 ,t ! result is tame & monoton\s is no fault ( ! arti/1 ^: "w c\ld h be5 m brightly r5d]$ by wood engrav+4 ,t x is bett] to h ?is process ?an bad wood engrav+ is ! op9ion ( ne>ly all illu/rators ( to-day4 ,! arti/ sees 8 own "w1 at any rate1 if ?r\gh a veil ( fog & gloom :i* is meant = sun%9e6 ,b ! "t is com+ :5 ! public w h>dly re/ cont5t ) su* results z ^!4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xxviii4 ,illu/ration f ,black & ,:ite1 by ,g4 ,g4 ,,manton4 ,?is is a good example ( wa% draw+ = process2 t is to say1 a good example f ! process man's po9t ( view4 ,"h ! arti/ has us$ 8 utmo/ endeav\rs to meet ! process half-way2 he has be5 c>eful to use broad1 cle>1 firm wa%es1 & has done !m ) c]ta9ty ( h&1 ! result ( exp]i5ce4 ,if1 9 ! endeav\r to get /r5g?1 & ! be/ results out ( a few tones1 ! "w lacks "s arti/ic qualities1 x is almo/ a necessity4 ,mr4 ,manton has a peculi> me?od ( l9+1 or /ippl+1 ov] 8 wa% "w1 :i* l5ds itself admirably = reproduction2 b ! practice c h>dly be recomm5d$ to ! att5tion ( /ud5ts4 ,x is z difficult to a*ieve arti/ic results by ^! means1 z 9 ! comb9ation ( l9e & *alk 9 "o draw+1 advocat$ by "s exp]ts4 ,at ! same "t1 ,mr4 ,manton's indication ( surfaces & textures by process are bo? int]e/+ & valuable4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,sunny ,,l&4 7,,f ,,! ,,pa9t+ ,,by ,,george ,,we!rbee47 7,new ,gall]y1 #ahia47 ,illu/ration3 ,,decorative ,,design ,,by ,,r&olph ,,caldecott4 7,! above design1 f ! ,memoir ( ,r4 ,caldecott1 is l5t by ,messrs4 ,sampson ,l[ ,co47 ,"o ( ! _m uses :i* arti/s may make ( ! half-tone process is sugge/$ by ! reproduction ( "o ( ,mr4 ,caldecott's decorative designs1 drawn freely ) a bru% full ( :ite1 on br[n pap] on a l>ge scale 7sometimes two or ev5 ?ree feet long71 & r$uc$ z above2 ! r$uction ref9+ & improv+ ! design4 ,?is is a mo/ legitimate & practical use ( process = illu/rat+ books1 ar*itectural & o!rs1 :i* 9 arti/ic h&s might well be fur!r develop$4 ,( ! illu/rators :o use ?is process 9 a m free-&-easy way we w n[ take an example1 cut out ( ! pages ( ,sket* 7see ov]leaf1 p4 #aee74 ,"h tru?s ( light & %ade are disreg>d$1 ! figure /&s out 9 unnatural d>kness aga9/ :ite pap]1 & flat me*anical %ad[s are ca/ ^u no?+4 ,only %e] ability on ! "p ( a few mod]n illu/rators has sav$ ^! co>se unga9ly sket*es f univ]sal condemnation4 ,b ! spla%es1 & spots1 & /a9s1 :i* are tak+ ! place ( m s]i\s "w 9 illu/ration1 h become a vogue 9 #ahid4 ,! sket* is made 9 two or ?ree h\rs1 in/ead ( a week2 ! process is also mu* *eap] to ! publi%] ?an wood engrav+1 & ! public seems satisfi$ ) a sket* :]e =m]ly a f9i%$ illu/ration 0 requir$1 if ! subject be treat$ dramatically & 9 a lively mann]4 ,if ! sket* comes out an unsightly sme> on ! page1 x at lea/ answ]s ! purpose ( topical illu/ration1 & app>5tly suits ! times4 ,x is little %ort ( a revolution 9 illu/ration1 ( :i* we d n yet see ! end4#af ,! book/alls are lad5 ) ! d>+ a*ievem5ts ( ,phil ,may1 ,rav5 ,hill1 ,dudley ,h>dy1 & o!rs1 b x is n ! object ( ?is book to exhibit ! works ( g5ius1 ei!r = emulation or imitation4 ,x is r to sugge/ to ! av]age /ud5t :at he may legitimately attempt1 & to %[ him ! possibilities ( ! process block 9 diff]5t h&s4 ,x may be said1 )\t disp>agem5t ( ! num]\s clev] & exp]i5c$ illu/rators ( ! day1 t !y are only adapt+ !mselves to ! circum/ances ( ! "t4 ,!re is a !ory--! tru? ( :i* ,i d n "q--t ! reproductions ( rapid sket*es f ! liv+ model by ! half-tone process h m vitality & fre$om1 m feel+ & arti/ic qualities ?an c be obta9$ by any o!r means4 ,b ! "y illu/rator %\ld hesitate be=e adapt+ ^! me?ods1 & %\ld nev] h any?+ reproduc$ = publication :i* 0 drawn to "t 9 art classes4 ,"o ?+ _c be repeat$ too (t5 9 ?is connection3 t ! ha/ily produc$ blot*es call$ illu/rations1 :i* disfigure ! pages ( s _m books & magaz9es1 are g5]ally ! result ( want ( c>e on ! "p ( ! arti/ r ?an ( ! mak] ( ! blocks4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xxix4 ,?is is "p ( a page illu/ration l5t by ! proprietors ( ,sket*4 ,x does n d ju/ice to ! tal5t 7or ! ta/e1 we w hope71 ( ! illu/rator1 & is only ins]t$ "h to record ! k9d ( "w :i* is popul> 9 #ahid4 7,p]haps 9 a second edition we may h o!r exploits ( g5ius to record47 ,x %\ld be not$ t ?is & ! illu/ration on p4 #adi are bo? reproduc$ by ! same hal-ftone process1 ! diff]5ce ( result be+ altoge!r 9 ! h&l+ ( ! bru%4 ,?is sket* w\ld h be5 intol]able 9 less arti/ic h&s4 ,arti/s w d\btless f9d m feel+ & expression 9 ! broad wa%es & spla%es be=e u1 ?an 9 ! mo/ c>eful /ippl+ ( ,mr4 ,manton4 ,/ud5ts ( wa% draw+ = process may take a middle c\rse4 ,a ^w "h on ! influ5ce ( ,,process-,,block ,,mak]s on ! "y illu/rator4 ,! process man1 ! tea*] & incit] to a*ievem5ts by ?is or t process1 is n usually an arti/ 9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w4 ,he kn[s bett] ?an anyone else :at l9es he c reproduce1 & especially :at k9d ( draw+ is be/ adapt$ = 8 own process4 ,he w probably tell ! "y draughtsman :at mat]ials to use1 :at am\nt ( r$uction 8 draw+s w be>1 & o!r ?+s ( a purely te*nical n to say bus9esslike "*4 ,let me n be und]/ood to disp>age ! "w ( photo-engrav]s & o!rs engag$ on ^! processes2 on ! contr>y1 ! am\nt ( pati5ce1 indu/ry1 activity1 & anxi\s c>e be/[$ ^u ! reproduction ( draw+s & pa9t+s is a/oni%+1 & des]ves our gratitude4#ag ,?is "w is a new indu/ry ( an important k9d1 9 :i* art & craft are b\nd up toge!r4 ,! day has pa/ :5 process "w is to be look$ d[n ^u z only fit = ! *eape/1 mo/ inf]ior1 & in>ti/ic results4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,brook4 7,,f ,a ,,pa9t+ ,,by ,,arnold ,,helck47 ,,photographic ,,illu/rations4 ,"o result ( ha/y "w 9 mak+ draw+s1 & ! unc]ta9ty ( reproduction1 promises to be a v s]i\s "o to ! illu/rator1 z f> z we c see ahead1 viz43 ! gradual sub/itution ( photographs f life = o!r =ms ( illu/ration4 ,! ,meis5ba* reproduction ( a photograph f life1 say a full l5g? figure ( an actress 9 "s elaborate co/ume1 seems to answ] ! purpose ( ! editor ( a newspap] to fill a page1 :]e =m]ly arti/s & engrav]s w\ld h be5 employ$4 ,"o reason = ?is is t ! details ( ! dress are s well r5d]$ by photography on ! block z to answ] ! purpose ( a fa%ion plate1 an important matt] 9 "s weekly newspap]s4 ,! result is g5]ally unsatisfactory f an arti/'s po9t ( view1 b ! picture is (t5 mo/ skilfully compos$ & ! values wond]fully r5d]$1 direct f ! orig9al4 ,9 ! case ( ! reproduction ( photographs1 :i* we are n[ consid]+1 mu* may be done by work+ up a plat9otype pr9t be=e giv+ x out to be made into a block4 ,mu* dep5ds "h ^u ! arti/ic k ( editors & publi%]s1 :o h x 9 _! p[] to h produc$ good or bad illu/rations f ! same orig9al4 ,! mak]s ( ! blocks be+ conf9$ to "t & price1 are practically p[]less1 & seldom h an opportunity ( obta9+ ! be/ results4 ,x %\ld be m5tion$ t blocks made f wa% draw+s1 be+ %all[] ?an ^? made f l9e draw+s1 suff] m f bad pr9t+ & pap]4 ,a good silv] pr9t 7:e!r f a photograph f life or f a picture71 full ( delicate gradations & /rong effects1 appe>s on ! plate ?r\gh ! film ( gauze1 dull1 flat1 & comp>atively un9t]e/+2 b ! expression ( ! orig9al is giv5 ) m fidelity ?an c\ld be done by any ord9>y wood engrav+4 ,?is is ! be/ t c be said = x1 x is a dull1 me*anical process1 requir+ help f ! mak] ( ! blocks2 & s a sy/em ( t\*+ on ! negative 7be=e mak+ ! block7 to br+ out ! lights & acc5ts ( ! picture is ! common practice4 ,?is is a haz>d\s bus9ess at ! be/1 especially :5 deal+ ) ! copy ( a pa9t+4 ,i m5tion x to %[ :]e h&work 9 ! half-tone process fir/ comes 94 ,! block1 :5 made1 is also (t5 t\*$ up by an engrav] 9 places1 especially :]e spotty or too d>k2 & on ?is "w _m :o 7 =m]ly wood-engrav]s n[ f9d employm5t4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! mak]s ( process blocks are ! be/ in/ructors z to ! results to be obta9$ by c]ta9 l9es & comb9ations ( l9es2 b 9 ! majority ( cases !y w tell ! arti/ too mu*1 & lead him to take too mu* int]e/ 9 ! me*anical side ( ! bus9ess4 ,! illu/rator's be/ protection aga9/ ?is t5d5cy1 8 :ole arm\r & coat ( mail1 is to be an arti/ fir/ & an illu/rator aft]w>ds4 ,?is is ! sum ( ! matt]4 ,p]haps "s ( ! examples 9 ?is book may help u1 & lead to a m ?or\gh te/+ ( results by capable m54 ,,sket*4 ,x w be int]e/+ "h to consid] ! mat]ial ( :i* "o numb] ( an illu/rat$ pap] 7,sket*7 is made up1 & h[ f> ! arti/ & wood engrav] h "p 9 x4 ,f an economic po9t ( view x w be in/ructive4 ,i take ?is newspap] z an example1 because x is a typical & q up-to-date publication1 vie+1 9 circulation & importance1 ) ! ,illu/rat$ ,london ,news1 bo? publi%$ by ! same proprietors4 ,9 "o numb] !re are upw>ds ( #cj pages1 #aj be+ adv]tisem5ts4 ,!re are 9 all #aea illu/rations1 ( :i* #fc appe> 9 ! text "p1 & #hh 9 ! adv]tisem5t pages4 ,out ( ! text illu/rations1 #bd only are f orig9al draw+s or sket*es4 ,next are #bf photographs f life 7sev]al be+ full pages71 & #ac reproductions f engrav+s1 etc41 reproduc$ by me*anical processes--9 all #fc4 ,"s ( ! pages reproduc$ f photographs are und5iably good1 & int]e/+ to ! public1 z is evid5c$ by ! popul>ity ( ?is pap] alone4 ,9 ! adv]tisem5t portion are #hh illu/rations 7includ+ _m small ones71 #he ( :i* h be5 engrav$ on wood2 a numb] ( !m are electrotypes f old blocks1 b !re are _m new ones e week4 ,! reason = us+ wood engrav+ l>gely = adv]tisem5ts is1 t wood blocks pr9t m easily ?an process1 :5 mix$ ) ! type1 & pr9t bett] 7be+ cut deep] on ! block7 :]e inf]ior pap] & ink are employ$4 ,b ?is class ( wood engrav+ may be summ$ up 9 ! words ( "o ( ! craft to me lately3--,x is n wor? #b a week to anybody4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xxx4 ,,miss ,,kate ,,rorke4 7,,f ,,sket*47 7,photograph$ f life by ,h4 ,s4 ,m5delssohn4 ,reproduc$ by half-tone process7 ,?us x w be se5 t 9 ! text "p ( ?is newspap] two-?irds ( ! illu/rations are produc$ )\t ! aid ( arti/ or wood engrav]6 ,to turn to "o ( ! late/ in/ances :]e ! photograph] is ! illu/rator4 ,a photograph]1 ,mr4 ,burr[s1 ( ,camborne1 goes d[n a lead m9e 9 ,cornwall ) 8 app>atus1 & takes a s]ies ( views ( ! work+s1 :i* c\ld probably h be5 done by no o!r means4 ,"u mo/ difficult conditions he sets 8 cam]a1 & by ! aid ( ! magnesium fla%-light1 gives u gr\ps ( figures at "w amid/ gloomy & weird surr\nd+s4 ,! results are exceptionally valuable z illu/rations 9 ! true mean+ ( ! ^w1 on acc\nt ( ! cle> & accurate def9ition ( details4 ,! rem>kable "p1 arti/ically1 is ! good col\r & gr\p+ ( ! figures4#ah ,ano!r in/ance ( ! use ( photography 9 illu/ration4 ,mr4 ,villi]s1 ! special arti/ ( ,black & ,:ite1 made a />tl+ /atem5t lately4 ,he said t out ( "s #aej subjects :i* he took at ! ,*icago ,exhibition1 n m ?an half-a-doz5 7 drawn by him2 all ! re/ be+ snap-%ot photographs4 ,"s 7 v good1 c\ld h>dly be bett]1 ! result ( _m h\rs' wait+ = ! fav\rable gr\p+ ( figures4 ,t he w\ld re-draw "s ( !m ) 8 clev] p5cil = a newspap] is possible1 b obs]ve ! "p photography plays 9 ! matt]4 ,9 ,am]ica novels h be5 ?us illu/rat$ bo? 9 figure & l&scape2 ! weak po9t be+ ! backgr\nds to ! figure subjects4 ,i draw att5tion to ?is movem5t because ! neglect ( composition1 ( appropriate backgr\nds1 & ( ! true light+ ( ! figures by s _m "y arti/s1 is ?r[+ illu/rations m & m into ! h&s ( ! photograph]4 ,?us ! rapid p5-&-ink arti/1 & ! sket*] 9 wa% f an artificially light$ model 9 a cr[d$ art s*ool1 is ha/5+ to 8 end4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xxxi4 7,a ,photograph f life1 by ,messrs4 ,cam]on ,smi?4 ,reproduc$ by half-tone process47 ,! "t is com+ fa/ :5 *eap editions ( popul> novels w be illu/rat$--& _m 9 ! foll[+ way4 ,! arti/1 in/ead ( be+ call$ ^u to draw1 w occupy himself 9 sett+ & compos+ pictures ?r\gh ! aid ( models tra9$ = ! purpose1 & ! ev]-ready photograph]4 ,! process man & ! clev] manipulator on ! plates1 w d ! re/1 produc+ pictures vignett$1 if desir$1 z ov]leaf4 ,mu* m ! mak]s ( blocks c d--& w d--) ! photographs n[ produc$1 = !y are e>ne/1 untir+1 ready to make sacrifices ( "t & money4 ,! *eap dramatic illu/rations1 j ref]r$ to1 :i* arti/s' models 9 ,am]ica "k s well h[ to pose =1 may be f\nd suitable f ! comm]cial po9t ( view = novels ( ! butt]fly k9d2 b !y w seldom be ( real arti/ic int]e/4 ,& "h1 = ! pres5t1 we may draw ! l9e betwe5 ! illu/rator & ! photograph]4 ,b ! black & :ite man w obvi\sly h to d 8 be/ 9 e bran* ( illu/ration to hold 8 own 9 ! future4 ,x may be ?\ght by "s arti/s t ^! ?+s are h>dly wor? consid]ation2 b we h only to wat* ! illu/rations appe>+ week by week to see :i!r we are t5d+4#ai ,! la/ example ( ! photograph] z illu/rator1 :i* c be giv5 "h1 is :]e a photograph f life engrav$ on wood is publi%$ z a vignette illu/ration4#bj ,x is wor? obs]v+1 because x has be5 turn$ into l9e by ! wood engrav]1 & s]ves = pr9t+ purposes z a popul> illu/ration4 ,! orig9al might h be5 m arti/ically pos$1 b x is pretty z a vignette1 & pleases ! public4 7,see opposite page47 ,!re are hundr$s ( su* subjects n[ produc$ by ! jo9t aid ( ! photograph] & ! process engrav]4 ,x is n ! arti/ & ! wood engrav] :o are really work+ h&-9-h& 9 ^! days 9 ! production ( illu/rations1 b ! photograph] & ! mak] ( process blocks4 ,?is is significant4 ,happily = u !re is mu* t ! photograph] _c d pictorially4 ,b ! photograph] is1 z ,i said1 m>*+ on & on1 & ! l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 h&work & photographic illu/rations becomes less m>k$ e day4 ,! photograph]'s daught] goes to an art s*ool1 & h] influ5ce is %[n annually 9 ! exhibitions ( ! photographic societies4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xxxii4 7,a ,photograph f life1 engrav$ on wood47 ,?is influ5ce & ?is movem5t is s /rong--& vital to ! arti/--t x _c be emphasis$ too mu*4 ,! photograph] is ev] 9 our mid/1 correct+ our draw+ ) facts & details :i* no human eye c see1 & no "o m9d c take 9 at once4 ,on ! obligations ( arti/s to photograph]s a book might be writt54 ,! b5efits are n1 z a rule1 unackn[l$g$2 nor are ! bad influ5ces ( photography always notic$4 ,t is to say1 t be=e ! days ( photography1 ! arti/ made himself acqua9t$ ) _m ?+s necess>y to 8 art1 = :i* he n[ dep5ds ^u ! photographic l5s2 9 %ort1 he uses 8 p[]s ( obs]vation less ?an he did a few ye>s ago4 ,t ! photograph] leads him a/ray sometimes is ano!r ?+ to rememb]4 ,! future ( ! illu/rator be+ upp]mo/ 9 our ?\ghts1 let u consid] fur!r ! influ5ces ) :i* he is surr\nd$4 ,z to photography1 ,mr4 ,william ,small1 ! well-kn[n illu/rator 7:o always draws = wood engrav+71 says3--x w nev] take good "w out ( a good arti/'s h&s4 ,he speaks z an arti/ :o has tak5 to illu/ration s]i\sly & mo/ successfully1 hav+ devot$ ! be/ ye>s ( 8 life to its developm5t4 ,! moral ( x is1 t 9 :atev] mat]ial or /yle newspap] illu/rations are done1 to hold _! own !y mu/ be ( ! be/4 ,let !m be z slight z y please1 if !y be orig9al & good4 ,9 l9e "w 7! be/ & sure/ = ! processes7 photography c only be ! s]vant ( ! arti/1 n ! competitor--& 9 ?is direction !re is mu* employm5t to be look$ =4 ,at pres5t ! influ5ce is v mu* ! o!r way2 we are ca/+ (f--ungratefully x w\ld seem--! exp]i5ce ( ! lifetime ( ! wood engrav]1 & are sett+ 9 its place an art half develop$1 half /udi$1 full ( crudities & discords4 ,! illu/rations :i* succe$ 9 books & newspap]s1 succe$ = ! mo/ "p f %e] ability on ! "p ( ! arti/2 !y are full ( ability1 b1 z a rule1 are bad examples = /ud5ts to copy4 ,"t is money ) ^! brilliant executants2 !y h no "t to /udy ! value ( a l9e1 nor ! requirem5ts ( ! processes1 & s a numb] ( draw+s are h&$ to ! photo-engrav]s--:i* are (t5 q unfitt$ = me*anical reproduction--to be produc$ lit]ally 9 a few h\rs4 ,x is an age ( vivacity1 d>+ orig9ality1 & reckless a*ievem5t 9 illu/ration4 ,take x up1 look at x1 & ?r[ x d[n1 is ! ord] ( ! day4 ,!re is no reason b an economic "o :y ! "w done to look at %\ld n be z good z ! arti/ c af=d to make x4 ,! manufactur] ( pap]hang+s or pr9t$ cottons w produce only a limit$ quantity ( "o design1 no matt] h[ beautiful1 & !n g on to ano!r4 ,s mu* ! bett] = ! design]1 :o w\ld n keep employm5t if he did n d 8 be/1 no matt] :e!r 8 "w 0 to la/ = a day or = a ye>4 ,! life ( a s+le numb] ( an illu/rat$ newspap] is a week1 & ( an illu/rat$ book ab\t a ye>4 ,! "y illu/rators on ! ,daily ,graphic--notably ,mr4 ,reg9ald ,cleav]--obta9 ! maximum ( effect ) ! m9imum ( l9es4 ,?us ,caldecott work$1 sp5d+ h\rs sometimes /udy+ ! art ( leav+ out4 ,*>les ,ke5e's example may well be foll[$1 mak+ draw+ aft] draw+1 no matt] h[ trivial ! subject1 until he 0 satisfi$ t x 0 "r4 ,ei!r "r or wrong1 he us$ to say2 '"r en\gh' w n d = me4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xxxiii4 ,,pr\d ,,mairie4 7,,lancelot ,,spe$47 7,f ,! ,blue ,poetry ,book4 ,london3 ,longmans47 ,p5-&-ink draw+ by l9e process4 ,ano!r influ5ce on mod]n illu/ration--= good or bad--is ! electric light4 ,x enables ! photographic op]ator to be indep5d5t ( d>k & foggy days1 & to put a se>*-light ^u objects :i* o!rwise c\ld n be utilis$4 ,s f> good4 ,to ! illu/rator ?is aid is (t5 a d\btful advantage4 ,! late ,*>les ,ke5e 7) :om ,i h _h _m conv]sations on ?is subject7 pr$ict$ a g5]al det]ioration 9 ! quality ( illu/rations f :at he call$ unnatural & impossible effects1 & he made "o or two illu/rations 9 ,pun* ( figures se5 "u ! !n--7#aj or #ae ye>s ago7--novel conditions ( electric /reet light+1 "o ( :i* repres5t$ a man :o has be5 d9+ return+ home ?r\gh a /reet light$ up by electric lamps1 tuck+ up 8 tr[s]s to cross a black %ad[ :i* he takes = a /ream4 ,*>les ,ke5e's pr$ictions h come true1 we see ! gl>e ( ! magnesium light on _m a page1 & ! un?9k+ public is dazzl$ e week 9 ! illu/rat$ %eets ) ^! unnatural & impossible effects4 ,?us x has come ab\t t :at 0 look$ ^u by ,*>les ,ke5e z g>i%1 exagg]at$1 & untrue 9 effect1 is accept$ to-day by ! majority ( p z a lively & legitimate me?od ( illu/ration4 ,,daniel ,,vi]ge4 ,"o ( ! influ5ces on ! mod]n illu/rator--a decid$ly adv]se influ5ce on ! unle>n$--is ! prom95ce :i* has lately be5 giv5 to ! art ( ,daniel ,vi]ge4 ,!re is probably no illu/rator ( to-day :o has m orig9ality1 /yle1 & v]satility--9 %ort m g5ius--?an ,vi]ge1 & none ^: "w1 = practical reasons1 is m mislead+ to /ud5ts4 ,z to 8 illu/rations1 f ! purely lit]>y & imag9ative side1 !y are z attractive to ! s*ol> z draw+s by ,holbe9 or ,m5zell are to ! arti/4 ,let u turn to ! illu/ration on ! next page1 f ! ,pablo de ,segovia by ,quev$o2 an example select$ by ! editor1 or publi%]1 ( ! book z a specim5 page4 ,fir/1 z to ! art ( x4 ,no?+ 9 its own way c\ld be m fasc9at+ 9 hum\r1 vivacity1 & "* ?an ?is grotesque duel ) long ladles at ! entrance to an old ,spani% posada4 ,! sp>kle & vivacity ( ! sc5e are inimitable2 ! b\nd+ figure haunts ! memory ) its diaphan\s grace1 t\*$ 9 by a ma/] ( expression 9 l9e4 ,9 %ort1 we are 9 ! pres5ce ( g5ius4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xxxiv4 ,example ( ,,daniel ,,vi]ge',s illu/rations to ,pablo de ,segovia1 ! ,spani% ,%>p]1 by ,francisco de ,quev$o-,villegas1 fir/ publi%$ 9 ,p>is1 9 #ahhb2 aft]w>ds translat$ into ,engli% 7) an ,essay on ,quev$o1 by ,h4 ,e4 ,watts1 & comm5ts on ,vi]ge's "w by ,joseph ,p5nell71 & publi%$ by ,mr4 ,t4 ,fi%] ,unw91 9 #ahib4 ,vi]ge 0 born 9 #ahea1 & educat$ 9 ,madrid1 :]e he sp5t ! e>ly ye>s ( 8 life4 ,s9ce #ahfi he has liv$ 9 ,p>is1 & produc$ num]\s illu/rations = ,le ,monde ,illu/r & ,la ,vie ,mod]ne1 & o!r works4 ,8 fame 0 made 9 #ahhb by ,quev$o's ,pablo de ,segovia1 ! illu/rations to :i* he 0 unable to complete ow+ to illness & p>alysis4 ,ab\t tw5ty ( ^! illu/rations 7 drawn ) ! left h&1 ow+ to p>alysis ( ! "r side4 ,8 c>e]1 full ( romantic int]e/1 sugge/s ! future illu/rator ( ,don ,quixote4 ,^! draw+s 7 made ^u :ite pap]--,bri/ol bo>d or draw+ pap]--) a p5 & ,indian ink2 b ,vi]ge n[ uses a glass p51 l an old /ylus4 ,! draw+s 7 !n giv5 to ,gillot1 ! photo-engrav] ( ,p>is1 :o1 by means ( photography & h&work1 produc$ metal blocks to be pr9t$ ) ! type4 ,b ! :ole effect is obvi\sly untrue to nature1 & ! tricks--( black spots1 ( exagg]at$ %ad[s on ! gr\nd1 ( scrat*+s 7& ( c>elessness1 :i* might be excus$ 9 a ha/y sket* = ,la ,vie ,mod]ne7--are only too app>5t4 ,9 ne>ly e illu/ration 9 ! ,pablo de ,segovia 7( :i* !re are upw>ds ( "o hundr$71 ! arti/ has reli$ = brilliancy & effect on pat*es ( black 7sometimes ludicr\sly exagg]at$7 & o!r mann]isms1 :i* we accept f a g5ius1 b :i* ! /ud5t _h bett] n attempt to imitate4 ,to quote a criticism f ! ,spectator1 ,!re is almo/ no light & %ade 9 ,vi]ge4 ,!re is an +5i\s effect ( dazzle1 b !re is no approa* attempt$ to tru? ( tone1 %ad[s be+ q caprici\sly us$ = decoration & suppli$ to figures t tell z light objects aga9/ ! sky :i* ?r[s ! %ad[s4 ,& yet 9 ^! h&some pages !re are gems ( draughtsman%ip & extraord9>y t\rs de =ce 9 illu/ration4 ,9 ! reproduction ( ^! draw+s1 ,i ?9k ! mak] ( ! blocks1 ,m4 ,gillot1 ( ,p>is1 w\ld seem to h _h a difficult task to p]=m4 ,! fact is1 t ,vi]ge's wond]ful l9e draw+s are sometimes z difficult to reproduce = ! type press z ^? ( ,holbe9 or ,m5zell1 & c\ld only be done satisfactorily by "o ( ! intaglio processes1 su* z t employ$ by ! ,autotype ,company 9 ditions de luxe4 ,t ,vi]ge's draw+s 7 wor?y ( ?is anyone :o saw ! orig9als :5 exhibit$ at ,b>n>d's ,inn w\ld1 ,i ?9k1 agree4 ,x is ! duty ( any writ] or in/ructor 9 illu/ration1 to po9t out ^! ?+s1 once = all4 ,t ,vi]ge c\ld adapt himself to almo/ any process if he pleas$1 is demon/rat$ repeat$ly 9 ! ,pablo de ,segovia1 :]e 7z on pages #fc & #fg ( t book7 ! brilliancy & col\r ( pure l9e by process has h>dly ev] be5 equall$4 ,t "s ( 8 illu/rations are impossible to reproduce well1 & h be5 degrad$ 9 ! process is also demon/rat$ on page #aii ( ! same book1 :]e a me*anical gra9 has be5 us$ to help out ! draw+1 & ! l9es h _h to be cut up & r\lett$ on ! block to make !m possible to pr9t4 ,( ! clev] b& ( illu/rators ( to-day :o owe mu* ( _! inspiration 7& "s ( _! tricks ( me?od7 to ,vi]ge1 x is n necess>y to speak "h2 we are 9 an atmosph]e ( g5ius 9 ?is *apt]1 & g5iuses are seldom safe guides to /ud5ts ( art4 ,speak+ g5]ally 7& ^! rem>ks ref] to editors & publi%]s z well z draughtsm571 ! art ( illu/ration z practis$ 9 ,engl& is f> f satisfactory2 we are too mu* giv5 to imitat+ ! tricks & prett9esses ( o!r nations1 & x is q ! exception to f9d ei!r orig9ality or individuality on ! pages :i* are hurl$ f ! mod]n pr9t+ press2 individuality z se5 9 ! "w ( ,adolphe ,m5zell1 &1 9 a diff]5t _s1 9 t ( ,gu/ave ,dor & ,vi]ge4 ,illu/ration ,,footnotes3 #ab ,! head+ to ?is *apt] 0 drawn 9 l9e & reproduc$ by photo-z9c process4 7,see page #acd47 #ac ,! me*anical processes1 neglect$ & despis$ by ! majority ( illu/rators = _m ye>s1 h1 by a sudd5 freak ( fa%ion1 app>5tly become s univ]sal t1 x is e/imat$1 sev]al ?\s& blocks are made 9 ,london alone e week4 #ad ,?is excell5t draw+ 0 made on r\gh :ite pap] ) autographic *alk2 ! pr9t be+ mu* r$uc$ 9 size4 ,x is seldom t su* a good grey block c be obta9$ by ?is means4 #ae ,! "y arti/ w\ld be mu* bett] occupi$ 9 le>n+ draw+ on /one direct1 a bran* ( art :i* does n come into ! scope ( ?is book1 z x is seldom us$ 9 book illu/ration1 & _c be pr9t$ at ! type press4 ,draw+ on /one is well wor?y ( /udy n[1 = ! art is be+ reviv$ 9 ,engl& on acc\nt ( ! great] facilities = pr9t+ ?an =m]ly4 #af ,! evil ( x is t we are becom+ us$ to black blots 9 ! pages ( books & newspap]s1 & take !m z a matt] ( c\rse2 j z we submit to ! de=mity ( ! outw>d man 9 ! matt] ( clo?+4 #ag ,on ! opposite page is an excell5t reproduction ( a pa9t+ f a photograph by ! half-tone process4 #ah ',mong/ ,m9es & ,m9]s1 by ,j4 ,c4 ,burr[s & ,w4 ,?omas4 7,london3 ,simpk91 ,m>%all ,co47 #ai ,bo? ,mr4 ,cam]on's & ,mr4 ,m5delssohn's photographs h _h to be slightly cut d[n to fit ^! pages4 ,b z illu/rations !y are1 ,i ?9k1 rem>kable examples ( ! photograph]'s & ! photo-engrav]'s art4 #bj ,f ! ,graphic newspap]1 #bh? ,octob]1 #ahic4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,,grimm',s ,,h\sehold ,,/ories4 7,,walt] ,,crane47 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,wood ,,engrav+s4 ,to turn to a m practical side ( book illu/ration4 ,! fir/ pr9ciple ( illu/ration is to illu/rate1 & yet x is a fact t few illu/rations 9 books or magaz9es are to be f\nd 9 _! prop] places 9 ! text4 ,x is seldom t ! illu/ration 7s call$7 is 9 arti/ic h>mony ) ! re/ ( ! page1 z x is f\nd 9 old books4 ,"o ( ! great *>ms ( ,bewick's "w is its individuality & expressive "*4 ,"h ! arti/ & engrav] 7 "o1 & a sy/em ( illu/ration 0 f\nd$ 9 ,engl& a hundr$ ye>s ago :i* we %\ld d well n to =get4#ba ,we are fa/ los+ sight ( fir/ pr9ciples & aim+ r at cat*+ ! eye & ! public purse ) a pretty page2 & 9 do+ ?is we are b imitators4 ,9 ! ,engli% magaz9es x is /range to f9d a slavi%1 almo/ *ildi% imitation ( ! ,am]ican sy/em ( illu/ration2 adopt+1 = in/ance1 ! plan ( pictures turn$ ov] at ! corn]s or ov]lapp+ ea* o!r ) exagg]at$ black bord]s & o!r devices ( ! album ( ! la/ g5]ation4 ,?is is :at we h come to 9 ,engl& 9 #ahid 7) excell5t wood engrav]s /ill71 & ! k9d ( art by :i* we %all be rememb]$ at ! end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury6 ,i am speak+ ( magaz9es l ,good ,words & ,cassell's ,magaz9e1 :]e wood engrav+ is /ill l>gely employ$4 ,x may be z well to expla9 "h t ! reasons = employ+ ! m$ium ( wood engrav+ = elaborate illu/rations :i*1 su* z we see 9 ,am]ican magaz9es1 7 =m]ly only engrav$ on copp] or /eel1 are--7#a7 rapidity ( production1 & 7#b7 ! almo/ illimitable numb] ( copies t c be produc$ f ca/s f wood blocks4 ,! broad di/9ction betwe5 ! old & new me?ods ( wood engrav+ is1 t 9 e>ly days ! l9es 7 drawn cle>ly on ! wood block & ! "p n drawn cut away by ! engrav]1 :o endeav\r$ to make a p]fect fac-simile ( ! arti/'s l9es4 ,x is n[ a common cu/om to transf] a photograph f life on to ! wood block 7see p4 #afg71 also to draw on ! wood ) a bru% 9 t9t1 & ev5 to photograph a wat]-col\r draw+ on to ! wood1 leav+ ! engrav] to turn ! t9ts into l9es 9 8 own way4 ,9 ! v e>lie/ days ( book illu/ration1 be=e movable type-lett]s 7 inv5t$1 ! illu/ration & ! lett]s ( ! text 7 all engrav$ on ! wood toge!r1 & ?us1 ( necessity 7z 9 ! old block books produc$ 9 ,holl& & ,belgium 9 ! fifte5? c5tury71 !re 0 "* & individuality 9 e page2 ! picture1 r\gh z x (t5 01 h>monis+ ) ! text 9 an unmi/akable mann]4 ,f an arti/ic po9t ( view1 !re 0 a bett] balance ( p>ts & m h>mony ( effect ?an 9 ! m elaborate illu/rations ( ! pres5t day4 ,! illu/ration 0 an illu/ration 9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w4 ,x int]pret$ some?+ to ! read] t words 7 incapable ( do+2 & ev5 :5 movable type 0 fir/ introduc$1 ! simple "* ( ! engrav+s h>monis$ well ) ! lett]s4 ,!re is a broad l9e ( dem>cation1 inde$1 betwe5 ^! e>ly wood engrav+s 7su*1 = in/ance1 z ! ,ars ,mori5di1 pur*as$ = ! ,briti% ,museum 9 #ahgb1 f ! ,weigel collection at ,leipsic1 & rec5tly reproduc$ by ! ,holbe9 ,society7 & ! la/ developm5t ( ! art 9 ! ,am]ican magaz9es4 ,! movem5t is important1 because ! ,am]icans1 ) an en]gy & navet peculi> to !m1 h set !mselves ! task ( out/ripp+ all nations 9 ! beauty & quality ( magaz9e illu/rations4 ,t !y h succe$$ 9 obta9+ delicate effects1 & :at pa9t]s call col\r1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( wood-engrav+1 is well kn[n1 & x is common to meet p 9 ,engl& ask+1 ,h y se5 ! la/ numb] ( ,h>p]'s or ! ,c5tury ,magaz9e8 ,! fa%ion is to admire !m1 & ,engli% publi%]s are easily f\nd to devote "t & capital to di/ribut+ ,am]ican magaz9es 7:i* come to ,engl& free ( duty71 to ! prejudice ( native productions4 ,! reason = ! excell5ce 7:i* is freely admitt$7 ( ,am]ican wood-engrav+ & pr9t+ is t1 9 ! fir/ place1 m capital is employ$ ^u ! "w4 ,! ,am]ican wood-engrav] is an arti/ 9 e s5se ( ! ^w1 & 8 education is n consid]$ complete )\t ye>s ( =eign /udy4 ,! ,am]ican engrav] is always en rapport ) ! arti/--an important matt]--work+ (t51 z ,i h se5 !m at ,h>p]'s1 ! ,c5tury ,magaz9e1 & ,scribn]'s 9 ,new ,york1 9 ! same /udio1 side by side4 ,9 ,engl& ! arti/1 z a rule1 does n h any direct communication ) ! wood engrav]4 ,9 ,am]ica ! publi%]1 hav+ a v l>ge circulation = 8 works1 is able to br+ ! culture ( ,europe & ! capital ( 8 own c\ntry to ! aid ( ! wood-engrav]1 sp5d+ sometimes five or six hundr$ p\nds on ! illu/rations ( a s+le numb] ( a mon?ly magaz9e4 ,! result is an engrav]'s success ( a v rem>kable k9d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xxxv4 ,a ,portrait engrav$ on wood at ! ,(fice ( ! ,,c5tury ,,magaz9e4 ,example ( portraiture f ! ,c5tury ,magaz9e4 ,x is int]e/+ to note ! a*ievem5ts ( ! ,am]ican engrav]s at a "t :5 wood engrav+ 9 ,engl& is "u a cl\d4 ,?is portrait 0 photograph$ f life & aft]w>ds work$ up by h& & mo/ skilfully engrav$ 9 ,new ,york4 7,photograph f life1 engrav$ on wood4 ,f ! ,c5tury ,magaz9e47 ,a discussion ( ! m]its ( ! v>i\s /yles ( wood engrav+1 & ( ! diff]5t me?ods ( draw+ on wood1 su* z t initiat$ by ! late ,fr$]ick ,walk]1 ,a4 ,r4 ,a42 ! /yles ( ,mr4 ,william ,small1 ,e4 ,a4 ,abbey1 ,alfr$ ,p>sons1 etc4--does n come into ! scope ( ?is publication1 b x w be useful to ref] to "o or two op9ions on ! ,am]ican sy/em4 ,book illu/ration z an art1 z ,mr4 ,comyns ,c>r po9t$ out 9 8 lectures at ! ,society ( ,arts t5 ye>s ago1 is f\nd$ ^u wood engrav+1 & x is to wood engrav+ t we mu/ look if we are to h any revival ( ! k9d ( beauty :i* e>ly-pr9t$ books possess4 ,9 ! mass ( "w n[ produc$1 !re is v little trace ( ! pr9ciples ^u :i* ,holbe9 lab\r$4 ,in/ead ( proce$+ by ! simple/ means1 our mod]n arti/ seems r by pref]5ce to take ! mo/ difficult & complex way ( express+ himself4 ,a wood engrav+1 x is n unju/ to say1 has become sc>cely di/+ui%able f a /eel engrav+ except+ by its inf]iority4 ,mr4 ,hub]t ,h]kom]1 ,r4 ,a41 :o has _h a v wide exp]i5ce 9 ! graphic arts1 says3-- ,9 mod]n times a body ( engrav]s has be5 rais$ up :o h br\ght ! art ( engrav+ on wood to su* a degree ( p]fection1 t ! mo/ mod]n "w1 especially t ( ! ,am]icans1 is done to %[ ! skill ( ! engrav] r ?an ! art ( ! draughtsman4 ,?is1 ,i d n hesitate to say1 is a sign ( decad5ce4 ,take up any numb] ( ! ,c5tury or ,h>p]'s magaz9es1 & y w see t effect is ! "o aim4 ,y m>vel at ! h&l+ ( ! engrav]1 & =get ! arti/4 ,correct1 or hone/1 draw+ is no long] want$4 ,?is k9d ( illu/ration is mo/ p]nici\s to ! /ud5t1 & w n la/4444 ,am]ica is a *ild full ( promise 9 art--a *ild t is de/9$ to be a great ma/]2 s let u n imitate its y\?ful ef=ts or errors4 ,am]icans 7 ! fir/ to fo/] ?is /yle ( art1 & !y w be ! fir/ to correct x4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,l9ton1 ! well-kn[n wood engrav]1 expresses himself ?us /rongly on ! mod]n sy/em1 & 8 words come ) great =ce f ! o!r side ( ! ,atlantic3-- ,tal5t is misappli$ :5 x is sp5t on endeav\rs to rival /eel-l9e engrav+ or et*+1 9 foll[+ bru%-m>ks1 9 pret5d+ to imitate crayon-"w1 *>coal1 or li?ography1 & 9 /riv+ :o %all scrat* ! greate/ numb] ( l9es on a giv5 space )\t ?\ght ( :e!r su* multiplicity ( l9es adds any?+ to ! expression ( ! picture or ! beauty ( ! engrav+4 ,h[ mu* ( tal5t is "h ?r[n away6 ,h[ mu* ( =ce t %\ld h help$ t[>ds gr[? is wa/$ 9 ?is slave's play = a prize n wor? hav+--! fame ( hav+ well done ! l[e/ ?+ 9 ! engrav]'s art1 & hav+ = t neglect$ ! /udy ( ! highe/6 ,= x is ! l[e/ & ! la/ ?+ ab\t :i* an arti/ %\ld conc]n himself1 ?is excessive f95ess & m9ut5ess ( "w4444 ,9 engrav+1 z 9 o!r bran*es ( art1 ! fir/ ?+ is draw+1 ! second draw+1 ! ?ird draw+4 ,?is is ! pr(essional view1 ably express$1 ( a matt] :i* has be5 ex]cis+ _m m9ds ( late2 & is wor? quot+1 if only to %[ ! folly ( imitat+ a sy/em ackn[l$g$ by exp]ts to be f\nd$ on false pr9ciples4 ,b !re is ano!r view ( ! matt] :i* %\ld n be lo/ sight (4 ,:atev] ! op9ion ( ! ,am]ican sy/em ( illu/ration may be1 !re is1 on ! o!r side ( ! ,atlantic1 an am\nt ( en]gy1 ent]prise1 cultivation ( h& & eye1 delicacy ( manipulation1 & individual indu/ry1 clev]ly organis$ to provide a wide cont95t ) a bett] art ?an any?+ yet attempt$ 9 any c\ntry4 ,"s f9e engrav+s1 :i* ! ,am]icans h lately be5 di/ribut+ among/ ! p1 su*1 = in/ance1 z ! portraits 7engrav$ f photographs f life7 :i* h appe>$ 9 ,h>p]'s & ! ,c5tury magaz9es1 only rea* ! cultivat$ few 9 ,europe 9 exp5sive books4 ,x is wor? consid]+ :at ! ultimate art effect ( ?is widespread di/ribution w be4 ,! prairie fl[] holds 9 h] h& a bett] magaz9e1 z reg>ds illu/rations1 ?an any?+ publi%$ 9 ,engl& at ! same price2 & a ta/e = delicate & ref9$ illu/ration is be+ fo/]$ among/ a v>iety ( p on ! we/]n cont95t1 le>n$ & unle>n$4 ,t !re is a want ( s9c]ity 9 ! movem5t1 t ?+s are n exactly :at !y seem1 t some?+ mu* bett] might be done1 may be admitt$2 b x w be well = our illu/rators & art provid]s to rememb] t ! ,am]icans are advanc+ ^u u ) ! p[] ( capital & ev]-increas+ k & cultivation4 ,9 ! ,c5tury magaz9e1 t5 ye>s ago1 !re 0 an article on ,! ,pupils ( ,bewick1 ) illu/rations admirably reproduc$ f pro(s ( e>ly wood engrav+s1 by photo-engrav+4 ,?is is notewor?y1 z %[+ t ! k ( /yles is dissem9at$ ev]y:]e 9 ,am]ica2 & also1 h[ easy x is to reproduce engrav+s by process1 & h[ important to h a cle> copyright law on ?is subject4 ,( ! ,engli% wood engrav]s1 & ( ! pres5t /ate ( ! pr(ession 9 ,engl& mu* has be5 writt54 ,i believe ! fact rema9s t comm]cial wood engrav+ is /ill reli$ on by _m editors & publi%]s1 z x pr9ts ) m ease & c]ta9ty ?an any ( ! process blocks4 ,t !re are ^? 9 ,engl& 7l ,mr4 ,biscombe ,g>dn] & o!rs1 ^: "w ,i am unable to reproduce "h71 t believe 9 wood engrav+ /ill z a vital art1 capable ( ! highe/ results1 ,i am also well aw>e4 ,b at ! mom5t ( writ+ x is difficult to get _m publi%]s to exp5d capital ^u x = ord9>y illu/rations4 ,on ! next page is an example ( good wood engrav+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,driv+ ,,home ,,! ,,pigs4 7,,john ,,p$d]47 7,academy ,notes1 #ahia47 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xxxvi4 ,joan ( ,arc's ,h\se at ,r\51 by ! late ,,samuel ,,pr\t4 ,engrav$ on wood by ,mr4 ,j4 ,d4 ,coop]1 f a wat]-col\r draw+ by ,samuel ,pr\t4 ,! orig9al draw+1 made ) a re$ p5 & flat wa%es ( col\r1 0 photograph$ on to ! wood block1 & ! engrav] int]pret$ ! v>i\s t9ts into l9e4 ,! me?od is int]e/+1 & ! tones obta9$ 9 l9e %[ ! res\rces ( ! engrav]'s art1 an art r c>elessly set aside 9 ^! days4 ,?is engrav+ is f ,norm&y ,picturesque4 7,london3 ,sampson ,l[ ,co47 ,,footnote3 #ba ,9 ,! ,life & ,works ( ,?omas ,bewick1 by ,d4 ,c4 ,?omson2 9 ,! ,portfolio1 ,! ,art ,j\rnal1 ,! ,magaz9e ( ,art1 & 9 ,good ,words1 ,bewick's m]its z arti/ & engrav] h be5 exhau/ively discuss$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,design ,,by ,,walt] ,,crane4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,decorative ,,page4 ,to turn next to ! m decorative side ( mod]n illu/ration1 :]e design & ! ensemble ( a pr9t$ page are m consid]$1 x is pleasant to be able to draw att5tion to ! "w ( an art s*ool1 :]e an educat$ & intellig5t m9d seems to h be5 ! presid+ g5ius2 :]e ! illu/rators1 :il/ !y are fully imbu$ ) ! _s ( ! pa/1 h tak5 pa9s to adapt _! me?ods to mod]n requirem5ts4 ,i ref] to ! ,birm+ham ,municipal ,s*ool ( ,art4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xxxvii4 ,decorative ,page1 by ,a4 ,j4 ,,gask94 7,f ,hans ,&]s5's ,fairy ,tales4 ,london3 ,george ,all547 ,?is is a good example ( ! appropriate decoration ( a page )\t any illu/ration 9 ! ord9>y s5se ( ! ^w4 ,! treatm5t ( ornam5t h>monises well ) old-fac$ type lett]4 ,! orig9al 0 drawn 9 p5 & ink1 ab\t ! same size z ! reproduction4 ,! gr\nd is excell5t 9 col\r1 almo/ equal to a wood engrav+4 ,?is is ano!r example ( ! possibilities ( process1 rightly h&l$1 & also ( effect produc$ )\t r$uction ( ! draw+4 ,:il/ us+ wood engrav+ freely1 ! illu/rators ( ,birm+ham 7notably ,mr4 ,gask971 are %[+ :at c be done 9 l9e draw+ by ! relief processes1 to produce col\r & ornam5t :i* h>monise well ) ! lett]press ( a book4 ,?is seems an important /ep 9 ! "r direction1 & if ! "w emanat+ f ?is s*ool 7 less1 app>5tly1 conf9$ to an ar*aic /yle1 to heavy outl9e & m$ival ornam5t 7,i speak f :at ,i see1 n kn[+ ! s*ool p]sonally71 !re are possibilities = an ext5d$ popul>ity = ^? :o h work$ "u its influ5ce4#bb ,! examples ( decorative pages by exp]i5c$ illu/rators l ,mr4 ,walt] ,crane & o!rs1 w s]ve to rem9d u ( :at "s arti/s are do+4 ,b ! b& ( illu/rators :o consid] design is mu* small] ?an x %\ld be1 & ?an x w be 9 ! ne> future4 ,a /udy ( ! pa/1 if x be only 9 ! pages ( m$ival books1 w greatly aid ! /ud5t ( design4 ,9 ! ,app5dix ,i h m5tion$ a few f9e examples ( decorative pages1 ) & )\t illu/rations1 :i* may be usefully /udi$ at ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xxxviii4 ,9 all ^! pages1 x w be obs]v$1 :at is call$ col\r 9 black & :ite is pres]v$ ?r\gh\t2 %[+ t a page c be ?or\ghly decorative )\t illu/rations to ! text4 ,closely criticis$1 "s ( ! old block designs may appe> crude & capable ( m skilful treatm5t1 b ! pages1 z a rule1 %[ ! arti/ic s5se--unmi/akably1 my/]i\sly1 wond]fully4 ,9 ^! & simil> pages1 su*1 = in/ance1 z ,le ,m] des ,hi/oires1 produc$ 9 ,p>is by ,pi]re le ,r\ge 9 #adhh 7also 9 ! ,briti% ,museum71 ! h>mony ( l9e draw+ ) ! pr9t$ lett]s is int]e/+ & in/ructive4 7,see ,app5dix47 ,x is 9 ! production ( ! decorative page t wood engrav+ ass]ts its supremacy /ill 9 "s qu>t]s1 z may be se5 9 ! beautiful books produc$ 9 ,engl& dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s by ,mr4 ,william ,morris1 :]e arti/1 wood engrav]1 typef\nd]1 pap]mak]1 pr9t]1 & bookb9d] "w "u ! guid+ _s 7:5 n ! actual h&work7 ( ! au?or4 ,!y are int]e/+ to u r z exotics2 an attempt to reproduce ! exact "w ( ! pa/ "u mod]n conditions1 conditions :i* r5d] ! price )9 rea* only ( a few1 b !y are at lea/ a prote/ aga9/ ! mod]n %ams ) :i* we are all famili>4 ,! n9ete5?-c5tury au?or's love = ! lit]ature ( 8 pa/ has l$ him to imitate n only ! /yle1 b ! outw>d aspect ( old books2 & by a s]ies ( frauds 7to :i* 8 publi%] has l5t himself only too readily7 to produce some?+ :i* appe>s to be :at x is n4 ,! g5u9e outcome ( m$ival ?\ght & /yle--( pati5ce & leisure--seems to be treat$ at ! end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury z a fa%ion to be imitat$ 9 books1 su* z are to be se5 "u glass cases 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,x is to be fe>$ t ! tw5tie?-c5tury read]1 look+ back1 w see few traces wor? pres]v+1 ei!r ( orig9ality or ( individuality 9 ! "w ( ! pres5t4 ,:at are ! facts8 ,! typef\nd] ( to-day takes d[n a ,v5etian writ+-ma/]'s copybook ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 &1 imitat+ exactly ! ?ick d[nw>d /rokes ( ! re$ p51 =ms a set ( movable type1 call$ 9 pr9t]'s language old face2 a /yle ( lett] mu* 9 vogue 9 #ahid1 b ! /yle & "* ( :i* belongs altoge!r to ! pa/4 ,?us1 ) su* aids1 ! man ( lett]s ( to-day--liv+ 9 a :irl ( movem5t & discov]y--clo!s himself 9 ! h&writ+ ( ! ,v5etian s*ol> z delib]ately z ! ,norwegian dons a be>-sk94 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xxxix4 ,,design ,,= ,,! ,,title ,,page ,,( ,,! ,,hobby-,,horse4 7,,selwyn ,,image47 7,?is is a r$uction by process f a l>ge qu>to wood engrav+47 ,! next /ep is to pres5t 9 8 book a s]ies ( s-call$ engrav+s1 :i* are n engrav+s b reproductions by process ( old pr9ts4 ,! advance ( sci5ce 9 produc+ photo-relief blocks f /eel & o!r intaglio plates = ! type pr9t+ press1 at a small co/ p] squ>e in*1 is n only tak+ f ! arti/ic value ( ! mod]n dition de luxe1 b also f its int]e/ & g5u95ess4 ,! next /ep is to manufacture r\gh-edg$1 co>se-textur$ pap]1 purport+ to be c>efully h&-made4 ,! r\gh edge1 :i* 0 a necessity :5 e %eet ( pap] 0 f9i%$ by h& lab\r1 is n[ imitat$ successfully by ma*9]y1 & is h&l$ lov+ly by ! bookworm ( to-day1 reg>dless ( ! fact t ^! r\gh5$ %eets c be b\ght by ! p\nd 9 ,drury-lane4 ,! wor/1 & la/ fraud 7,i c call x no less7 t c be ref]r$ to "h is1 t ! clo?+--! sk9 ( vellum--t appropriately encloses our mod]n dition de luxe is made f pulp1 rags1 & o!r dbris4 ,t ! gold illum9ations on ! cov] are no long] real gold1 & t ! h&somely b\nd book1 ) its fair m>g9s1 cracks 9 half ) a bang1 :5 fir/ op5$1 are o!r matt]s connect$ ) ! discov]ies ( sci5ce1 & ! sub/itution ( ma*9]y = h& lab\r1 :i* we owe to mod]n ent]prise & inv5tion4#bc ,look+ at ! decorative pages 9 mo/ books1 & rememb]+ ! a*ievem5ts ( ! pa/1 "o is incl9$ to ask--,is ! sett+-out ( a page "o ( ! lo/ arts1 l ! design+ ( a co98 ,:at h>mony ( /yle d we see 9 an ord9>y book8 ,h[ _m au?ors or illu/rators ( books %[ t !y c>e = ! look ( a pr9t$ page8 ,! fact is1 t ! mod]n au?or %irks 8 responsibilities1 foll[+ ! practice ( ! greate/ writ]s ( our day4 ,!re are s _m facilities--z !y are call$--= produc+ books t ! au?or takes little int]e/ 9 ! matt]4 ,mr4 ,rusk91 delicate draughtsman z he is kn[n to be1 has contribut$ little to ! ensemble or appe>ance ( ! pages t fl[ f ! pr9t+ press ( ,mr4 ,all51 at ,orp+ton4 ,8 books are well pr9t$ 9 ! mod]n mann]1 b judg$ by examples ( ! pa/1 a deadly monotony p]vades ! page2 ! ma/]'s noble/ ?\ghts are pr9t$ exactly l 8 weake/1 & are all drawn out 9 l9es toge!r z 9 ! mak+ ( mac>oni6 ,mr4 ,ham]ton1 arti/ z well z au?or1 is cont5t to describe ! beauty ( =e/ trees1 f]ns & fl[]s1 ! v>iety ( und]wood & ! l 7ne>ly e ^w1 9 an article 9 ! ,portfolio1 ref]r+ to "s picturesque =m or graceful l9e71 )\t indicat+ ! v>ieties pictorially on ! pr9t$ page4 ,! late ,"l ,t5nyson & o!r poets h be5 cont5t = ye>s to sell _! song by ! l9e1 little he$+1 app>5tly1 9 :at guise x 0 giv5 to ! _w4 ,9 ^! days ! monotony ( uni=mity seems to p]vade ! pages1 alike ( great & small1 & a lett] f a fri5d is n[ (t5 pr9t$ by a ma*9e6 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xl4 ,,sc>let ,,poppies4 7,w4 ,j4 ,,muckley47 ,?is beautiful piece ( p5 "w by ,mr4 ,muckley 7f 8 picture 9 ! ,royal ,academy1 #ahhe7 0 too delicate 9 ! f9] passages to reproduce well by any relief process 7! pale l9es hav+ come out black72 b z an example ( bread?1 & indication ( surfaces 9 p5 & ink1 x c\ld h>dly be surpass$4 ,,footnotes3 #bb ,i m5tion ?is s*ool z a repres5tative "o2 !re are _m o!rs :]e design & wood engrav+ are /udi$ "u ! same ro( ) success 9 #ahid4 #bc ,mr4 ,cobd5 ,s&]son's lecture on ,,bookb9d+1 read be=e ! ,arts & ,crafts ,society1 is well wor? ! att5tion ( book lov]s4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,au?or1 ,,illu/rator1 ,,& ,,publi%]4 ,let u n[ consid] %ortly ! ,au?or1 ! ,illu/rator1 & ! ,publi%]1 & _! influ5ce on ! appe>ance & production ( a book4 ,if x be impossible 9 ^! days 7&1 9 spite ( ! ef=ts ( ,mr4 ,william ,morris & o!rs1 x seems to be impossible7 to produce a g5u9e book 9 all its details1 x seems wor? consid]+ 9 :at way ! au?or c /amp x ) 8 own individuality2 also to :at ext5t he is ju/ifi$ 9 mak+ use ( mod]n appliances4 ,h[ f>1 !n1 may ! au?or be said to be responsible = ! /ate ( ?+s j quot$8 ,!oretically1 he is ! man ( ta/e & culture p> excell5ce2 he is1 or %\ld be1 9 mo/ cases1 ! arbit]1 ! dictator to 8 publi%]1 ! *oos] ( /yle4 ,! book is 81 & x is 8 bus9ess to decide 9 :at =m 8 ideas %\ld become concrete2 ! publi%] aid+ 8 judgm5t ) exp]i5ce1 gov]n+ ! f9ance1 & c>ry+ out details4 ,h[ comes x !n t1 ) ! pres5t facilities = reproduc+ any?+ t ! h& c put ^u pap]1 ! latt]-day n9ete5?-c5tury au?or is s mu* 9 ! h&s ( o!rs z to ! appe>ance ( 8 book8 ,x is because ! s-call$ educat$ man has n be5 taught to use 8 h&s z ! missal-writ]s & au?ors ( m$ival times taught !mselves to use !irs4 ,! mod]n au?or1 :o is1 say1 fifty ye>s old1 0 born 9 an age ( advanc$ civilisation1 :5 ! only me?od ( expression = ! "y 0 "o--po?ooks & hang]s4 ,! *ild ( t5 ye>s old1 ^: eye 0 m5tally =m+ pictures1 tak+ 9 unconsci\sly ! facts ( p]spective & ! l1 _h a p5cil ti$ ) /r+ to 8 two fir/ f+]s until he _h ma/]$ ! ups & d[ns1 crosses & da%es1 ( mod]n h&writ+1 :i* has be5 accept$ by ! great1 z well z ! little1 ones ( ! e>?1 z ! be/ m$ium ( communication betwe5 intellig5t be+s2 & s1 reg>dless ( /yle1 "*1 or picturesqu5ess1 he scribbles away6 ,s mu* = our g5]ally /raggl+ /yle ( p5man%ip4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! au?or ( ! future w h to come m into p]sonal contact ) ! arti/ ?an he has be5 9 ! habit ( do+1 & t ! di/9ction ,i ref]r$ to 9 ! fir/ *apt]1 betwe5 illu/rations :i* are to be 7#a7 records ( facts1 & 7#b7 works ( art1 w h to be m cle>ly drawn4 ,among/ ! ne$s 9 ! community ( book produc]s is "o t ,i only t\* ^u because x affects ! illu/rator3--,t !re %\ld be an exp]t 9 e publi%+ h\se to det]m9e 7#a7 :e!r a draw+ is suitable = publication2 & 7#b7 by :at means x %\ld be reproduc$4 ,! res\rces ( an e/abli%m5t w n always admit ( su* an arrangem5t2 b ! editors & publi%]s :o are in=m$ on ^! matt]s c easily be di/+ui%$ by ! quality ( _! publications4 ,by ! sub/itution ( process blocks = wood engrav+s 9 books1 publi%]s are depriv$ to a great ext5t ( ! fo/]+ c>e ( ! ma/] wood engrav]1 to :i* !y h be5 accu/om$4 ,among/ ! influ5ces affect+ ! illu/rator1 none1 ,i v5ture to say1 are m prejudicial ?an ! acceptance by editors & publi%]s ( in>ti/ic draw+s4 ,x w\ld be difficult1 ,i ?9k1 to po9t to a p]iod :5 s mu* bad "w 0 produc$ z at pres5t4 ,! causes h already be5 po9t$ out1 ! beautiful processes = ! reproduction ( draw+s are sc>cely und]/ood by ! majority ( arti/s1 publi%]s1 au?ors1 or critics4 ,x is ! misuse ( ! processes 9 ^! hurry+ days1 :i* is dragg+ our national reputation 9 ! mire & p]plex+ ! /ud5t4 ,! mod]n publi%]1 x may be said )\t (f5ce1 und]/&s ! manufacture & ! comm]ce ( a book bett] ?an ! art 9 x4 ,& h[ %\ld x be o!rwise8 ,! be/ books t 7 ev] produc$1 f an arti/ic po9t ( view1 7 inspir$ & design$ by /ud5ts ( art & lett]s1 m5 remov$ f ! comm]cial scramble ( life1 & to :om an adv]tisem5t 0 a ?+ unkn[n6 ,! ord9>y art education ( a publi%]1 & ! multitude ( affairs requir+ 8 att5tion1 unfit him g5]ally1 = ! task ( decid+ :e!r an illu/ration is good or bad1 or h[ f>--:5 he *eap5s ! production ( 8 book by us+ photographic illu/rations 7snap-%ots f nature7--he is ju/ifi$ 9 call+ !m art4 ,! det]ioration 9 ! "* ( book illu/ration 9 ,engl& is a s]i\s matt]1 & public att5tion may well be drawn to x4 ,"h we look = ! active co-op]ation ( ! au?or4 ,! f>-rea*+ spread ( education--especially te*nical art education--is t5d+ to br+ toge!r1 z !y 7 nev] br\ght be=e 9 ?is c5tury1 ! au?or & ! illu/rator4 ,! au?or ( a book w give m att5tion to ! appe>ance ( 8 pages1 to ! decorative "* ( type & ornam5t1 :il/ ! av]age arti/ w be bett] educat$ f a lit]>y po9t ( view2 &1 to use a ,fr5* ^w = :i* !re is no equival5t1 w be m en rapport ) bo? au?or & publi%]4 ,= ! illu/rator by pr(ession !re seems no arti/ic leisure2 no "t to d any?+ prop]ly 9 ?is connection4 ,x is a poor c>e]1 ,blackburn1 said a well-kn[n newspap] illu/rator to me lately 7an arti/ ( di/9ction & success 9 8 pr(ession :o has practis$ x = tw5ty ye>s71 y seldom give satisfaction--n ev5 to y\rself4 ,x is an ideal c>e]1 says ano!r1 a y\ng] man1 :o is cont5t ) ! m slap-da% me?ods 9 vogue to-day--& ) ! income he receives = !m4 ,ref]r+ aga9 to ! "q 9 ! ,a!num1 ,:y is n draw+ = ! press taught 9 our ,gov]nm5t s*ools ( art8 ,i ?9k ! pr9cipal reasons :y ! art ( illu/ration by ! processes is n g5]ally taught 9 art s*ools are-- 7#a7 draw+ = reproduction requires m p]sonal tea*+ ?an is possible 9 art classes 9 public s*ools2 7#b7 ! art ma/]s ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 ) v few exceptions1 d n und]/& ! new processes--:i* is n to be wond]$ at4 ,x is n ! fault ( ! ma/]s 9 our s*ools ( art t /ud5ts are taught 9 mo/ cases z if !y 7 to become pa9t]s1 :5 ! only possible c>e] = ! majority is t ( illu/ration1 or design4 ,! ma/]s are1 = ! mo/ "p1 well & wor?ily occupi$ 9 giv+ a good gr\ndwork ( k to e /ud5t1 z to draw+ = ! press4 ,!re is no "q t ! be/ prep>ation = ?is "w is ! be/ g5]al art tea*+ t c be obta9$4 ,! /ud5t mu/ h drawn f ! antique & f life2 he mu/ h le>n$ composition & design2 h /udi$ f nature ! relative values ( light & %ade1 arial p]spective & ! l2 9 %ort1 h foll[$ ! r\t9e /udy = a pa9t] ^: fir/ aim %\ld be to be a ma/] ( mono*rome4 ,9 ! m te*nical p>ts1 :i* ! "y illu/rator by process w require to "k1 he ne$s p]sonal help4 ,he w h a multitude ( que/ions to ask somebody z to ! reasons = :at he is do+2 = :at /yle ( process "w he is by t\* & temp]am5t be/ fitt$1 & s on4 ,all ?is has to be consid]$ if we are to keep a good /&>d ( art tea*+ = illu/ration4 ,! fact t a p5-&-ink draw+ :i* looks well sc>cely ev] reproduces well1 mu/ always be rememb]$4 ,_m draw+s = process1 comm5d$ 9 art s*ools = good draughtsman%ip or design1 w n reproduce z expect$1 = want ( exact k ( ! requirem5ts ( process2 :]eas a draw+ by a tra9$ h& w (t5 look bett] 9 ! reproduction4 ,^! rem>ks ref] especially to ornam5t & design1 to ar*itectural draw+s & ! l4 ,! topical illu/rator & sket*] 9 weekly pr9ts has1 ( c\rse1 m lic5ce1 & x matt]s less :at becomes ( 8 l9es 9 _! rapid transit ?r\gh ! press4 ,/ill ! illu/rator1 ( :atev] rank or /yle1 has a "r to compla9 if 8 draw+ is reproduc$ on a scale n int5d$ by him1 or by a process = :i* x is n fitt$1 or if pr9t$ badly1 & ) bad mat]ials4 ,b ! sket*y /yle ( illu/ration seems to be a little ov]done at pres5t1 &--be+ tol]able only :5 alli$ to great ability--rema9s consequ5tly 9 ! h&s ( a few4 ,!re is pl5ty ( tal5t 9 ?is c\ntry :i* is wa/$ = want ( control4 ,x plays ab\t u l summ] lightn+ :5 we want ! precision & accuracy ( ! telegraph4 ,! art ( col\r pr9t+ 7:e!r x be by ! intaglio processes1 or by *romo-li?ography1 or on relief blocks7 has arriv$ at su* pr(ici5cy & has become su* an important indu/ry t x %\ld be m5tion$ "h4 ,by its means1 a beautiful *ild-face1 by ,millais1 is scatt]$ ov] ! _w by hundr$s ( ?\s&s2 & ! reputation ( a "y arti/1 l ,kate ,gre5away1 made & e/abli%$4 ,! latt] owes mu* ( h] pre/ige & success to ! col\r-pr9t]4 ,admitt+ ! grace1 ta/e1 & inv5tion ( ,kate ,gre5away z an illu/rator1 !re is little d\bt t1 )\t ! wood engrav] & ! example & sympa!tic aid ( su* arti/s z ,h4 ,s4 ,m>ks1 ,r4,a41 ,walt] ,crane1 & ! late ,r&olph ,caldecott1 %e w\ld nev] h receiv$ ! praise be/[$ ^u h] by ,m4 ,erne/ ,*esneau1 or ,mr4 ,rusk94 ,^! ?+s %[ h[ intimately ! arts ( reproduction affect reputations1 & h[ important x is t m sympa?y & communication %\ld exi/ betwe5 all produc]s4 ,9 ! mass ( illu/rat$ publications issu+ f ! press ! exp]t c disc]n cle>ly :]e ?is sympa?y & k exi/1 & :]e ability1 on ! "p ( ! arti/1 has be5 alli$ to practical k ( ! requirem5ts ( illu/ration4 ,! bus9ess ( _m w be to contribute1 9 "s =m1 to ! mak+ ( pictures & designs to be multipli$ 9 ! press2 &1 9 ord] to le>n ! te*nique & obta9 employm5t1 "s ( ! mo/ promis+ pupils h to fall into ! ways ( ! produc]s ( *eap illu/rations1 ,*ri/mas c>ds1 & ! l4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a k ( ! me*anical processes = reproduc+ draw+s 7z x is be+ press$ =w>d 9 te*nical s*ools7 is lead+ to disa/r\s consequ5ces1 z may be se5 on e railway book/all 9 ! k+dom4 ,9 ! book ( ! future we hope to see less ( ! la? & pla/] /yle ( illu/ration1 produc$ f c>eless wa% draw+s by ! *eap processes2 few] ( ! blots ^u ! page1 :i* ! mod]n read] seems to take z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,9 books1 z 9 p]iodicals1 ! illu/rator by process w h to dive/ himself1 z f> z possible1 ( t t5d5cy to scrat*9ess & exagg]ation t injures s _m process illu/rations4 ,9 %ort1 he mu/ be m c>eful1 & give m ?\ght to ! mean+ ( 8 l9es & wa%es1 & to ! adequate expression ( textures4 ,!re is a great deal yet to le>n1 = nei!r arti/s nor writ]s h ma/]$ ! subject4 ,few ( our be/ illu/rators h ! "t or ! incl9ation to take to ! new me?ods1 &1 z reg>ds criticism1 x is h>dly to be expect$ t a review] :o has a pile ( illu/rat$ books to pron\nce ^u1 %\ld "k ! reason ( ! failures t he sees be=e him4 ,?us ! public is (t5 misl$ by ^? :o %\ld be its guides z to ! value & importance ( ! new sy/ems ( illu/ration4#bd ,9 conclusion1 let u rememb] t ev]yone :o cultivates a ta/e = arti/ic beauty 9 books1 be he au?or1 arti/1 or artific]1 may d some?+ t[>ds reliev+ ! monotony & confusion 9 /yle1 :i* p]vades ! outw>d aspect ( s _m books4 ,x is a f> cry f ! "w ( ! missal writ] 9 a mona/]y to ! pages ( a mod]n book1 b ! ta/e & feel+ :i* 0 %[n 9 ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies 9 ! production ( books1 exi/s 9 ! n9ete5?1 "u difficult conditions4 ,9 ! book ( ! future ! au?or w help p]sonally1 m ?an he has ev] done1 z ,i h already sugge/$4 ,! subject is n half-v5tilat$ yet1 nor c ,i t\* ^u x fur!r1 b ! day is n f> di/ant :5 ! p[] ( ! h& ( ! au?or w be te/$ to ! utmo/1 & l9es ( all k9ds w appe> 9 ! text4 ,!re is really no limit to :at may be done ) mod]n appliances1 if only ! idea is seiz$ ) intellig5ce4 ,two que/ions1 h[ev]1 rema9 unansw]$--7#a7 ,:e!r1 z a matt] ( language & hi/ory1 we are communicat+ in=mation to ea* o!r mu* bett] ?an ! anci5ts did 9 cunei=m inscriptions1 on /ones & monum5ts4 7#b7 ,:e!r1 z a matt] ( illu/rative art1 we are mak+ ! be/ use ( mod]n appliances4 ,let u1 !n1 cultivate m sy/ematically ! art ( draw+ = ! press1 & treat x z a wor?y pr(ession4 ,let x n be said aga91 z x 0 to me lately by "o :o has devot$ half a lifetime to ^! ?+s1 ,! processes ( reproduction are to h&1 b :]e are our arti/s8 ,let x n be said t ! *>iot-:eels ( ! press move too fa/ = u--t *emi/ry & ! sun's rays h be5 utilis$ too soon--t1 9 %ort1 ! processes ( reproduction h be5 p]fect$ be=e _! "t6 ,i ?9k n1 & t an art--! art ( pictorial expression--:i* has exi/$ = ages & is n[ be/ und]/ood by ! ,japanese1 may be cultivat$ among/ u to a m practical end4 ,illu/ration3 ,,take ,,c>e4 7,w4 ,b4 ,,baird47 7,royal ,academy1 #ahia47 ,,footnote3 #bd ,!re seems b "o rule ( criticism 9 ?is connection4 ,if a book illu/ration comes out co>sely & 7z is (t5 ! case7 a m]e smudge1 ! process is blam$1 :5 ! draw+ or photograph may h be5 q unsuitable = ! process employ$4 ,,/ud5ts' ,,draw+s4 ,! foll[+ f\r examples ( draw+ f life1 by /ud5ts at ,victoria ,/reet1 fre% f art s*ools1 are int]e/+ z t5tative "w4 ,! object has be5 to te/ _! p[]s & adaptability = l9e "w2 avoid+ outl9e 9 ! exp]im5t z mu* z possible4 ,nos4 #a1 #c1 & #d1 x w be obs]v$1 evade backgr\nds altoge!r--! too ready solution ( a difficult problem 9 l9e4 ,^! draw+s 7 made direct f life1 9 l9e2 a sy/em n to be recomm5d$1 except+ z an exp]im5t ( p[]s4 ,examples ( /ud5ts' wa% draw+s1 c41 w appe> 9 future editions ( ?is book4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xli4 ,spani% ,woman4 ,a ,/udy f ,life4 ,by ,,ina ,,bidd]4 ,?is is a clev] sket* ) p5 & ink & bru%1 & drawn ) a bold free h&1 reproduc$ on an 7unt\*$7 process block4 ,x %[s orig9ality ( treatm5t & c\rage on ! "p ( ! /ud5t2 also ! value ( great r$uction to give /r5g? & effect4 7,size ( draw+1 #af #aa-a_/b 947 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xlii4 ,sket* f ,life1 by ,,e/elle ,d',,avigdor4 ,?is /ud5t 0 ! w9n] 9 a prize competition lately 9 ,! ,/udio4 ,%e has und\bt$ ability1 b n cle>ly 9 ! direction ( l9e draw+4 ,aft] consid]able success 9 pa9t+1 ?is /ud5t writes3 ,i /ill f9d ! p5 a difficult in/rum5t to wield4 ,9 ?is sket* we see ! influ5ce ( ,aubrey ,be>dsley & o!rs ( ! d5se-black1 reckless s*ool ( mod]n illu/rators4 7,size ( draw+1 #aj #f-c_/d 947 ,z9c process4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xliii4 ,sket* f ,life1 by ,g4 ,c4 ,,m>ks4 ,?is p5-&-ink draw+ is int]e/+ = col\r1 especially 9 ! hair2 x w\ld h be5 bett] modell$ if drawn fir/ 9 p5cil or *alk4 ,?is /ud5t has an obvi\s aptitude = l9e "w2 ! t\* is v good = a beg9n]4 7,size ( draw+1 #aj-a_/b #h 947 ,z9c process4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 ,,xliv4 ,b\gh ( ,common ,furze1 by ,,william ,,fr5*4 ,a mo/ c>eful /udy f nature 9 p5 & ink4 7,size ( orig9al draw+1 #ad #aa-a_/b 947 ,reproduc$ by z9c process4 ,?is arti/ le>n$ ! me?od ( l9e "w = process 9 a mon?4 ,,cantor ,,lectures4 ,! ,,illu/rations 9 ?is ,volume are1 = ! mo/ "p1 reproductions ( draw+s :i*--= purposes ( /udy & comp>ison--are %[n by ,mr4 ,blackburn at 8 ,lectures 9 ,art ,s*ools1 enl>g$ to a scale ( #ae to #bj ft4 ,/ud5ts :o may be unable to att5d ^! lectures c see "s ( ! orig9al draw+s on application 7by lett]7 to ,! ,secret>y1 at ,mr4 ,,h5ry ,,blackburn',s ,,/udio1 #abc1 ,victoria ,/reet1 ,we/m9/]4 ,,app5dix4 #a4 ,,photo-,,z9c ,,process4--#b4 ,,gelat9e ,,process4--#c4 ,,half-,,tone4--#d4 ,,intaglio ,,processes4--#e4 ,,draw+ ,,mat]ials4--#f4 ,,books ,,= ,,/ud5ts4--#g4 ,,decorative ,,pages4--#h4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,photo-,,engrav]s4 ,,photo-,,z9c ,,process4 ,,= ,,! ,,reproduction ,,( ,,l9e ,,draw+s ,,9 ,,relief1 ,,suitable ,,= ,,pr9t+ ,,at ,,! ,,type ,,press4 ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,process4--,! fir/ /age is to h ! draw+ photograph$ to ! size requir$1 & to transf] a pr9t ( x on to a s5sitiz$ z9c plate4 ,?is pr9t1 or photographic image ( ! draw+ ly+ ^u ! z9c plate1 is ( greasy sub/ance 7bi*romate ( pota% & gelat9e71 & is aft]w>ds ink$ up ) a roll]2 ! plate is !n imm]s$ 9 a ba? ( nitric acid & e!r1 :i* cuts away ! p>ts :i* 7 left :ite ^u ! pap]1 & leaves ! l9es ( ! draw+ 9 relief4 ,?is bit+ 91 z x is call$1 requires consid]able exp]i5ce & att5tion1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! draw+4 ,?us1 ! l9es are turn$ into metal 9 a few h\rs1 & ! plate1 :5 m\nt$ on wood to ! height ( type-lett]s1 is ready to be pr9t$ f1 if necess>y1 at ! rate ( sev]al ?\s&s an h\r4 ,,! ,,co/ ( ^! blocks av]ages #f;d4 ! squ>e in* :]e a numb] are made at "o "t1 ! m9imum price be+ #e_/-4 ,small book illu/rations by ?is process1 by firms :o make a specialty ( produc+ s+le illu/rations1 are (t5 *>g$ #i;d4 ! squ>e in*1 ) a m9imum ( #g_/f2 b ! co/ %\ld nev] be m ?an ?is = a s+le block by ! z9c process4 ,,gelat9e ,,process4 ,,= ,,! ,,reproduction ,,( ,,draw+s ,,9 ,,l9e ,,9 ,,relief1 ,,suitable ,,= ,,pr9t+ ,,at ,,! ,,type ,,press4 ,?is is a m delicate & s5sitive me?od ( obta9+ a relief block4 ,x is call$ ! gelat9e1 or ,gillot process4 ,! draw+ is photograph$ to ! requir$ size 7z be=e71 & ! negative laid ^u a glass plate 7previ\sly coat$ ) a mixture ( gelat9e & bi*romate ( pota%74 ,! "p ( ?is ?91 s5sitive film n expos$ to ! light is absorb5t1 & :5 imm]s$ 9 wat] swells up4 ,! "p expos$ to ! light1 i4e41 ! l9es ( ! draw+1 rema9s ne> ! surface ( ! glass4 ,?us we h a sunk m\ld f :i* a metal ca/ c be tak51 leav+ ! l9es 9 relief z 9 ! z9c process4 ,9 skilful h&s ?is process admits ( m delicate gradations1 & pale1 unc]ta9 l9es c be reproduc$ ) tol]able fidelity4 ,!re is no process yet inv5t$ :i* gives bett] results f a p5-&-ink draw+ = ! type press4 ,reproductions ( p5cil1 *alk1 & *>coal are also possible by ?is process2 b !y are n suit$ = x1 & !re is g5]ally too mu* work+ up by h& on ! block to suit rapid pr9t+4 ,^! blocks :5 complet$ h a copp] surface4 ,! blocks take long] to make1 & are ab\t d\ble ! price ( ! photo-z9c process4 ,,! ,,co/ v>ies f #i;d4 to #a_/f ! squ>e in*4 ,m4 ,gillot1 9 ,p>is1 may be said to be ! inv5tor or p]fector ( ?is process1 n[ us$ by _m photo engrav]s 9 ,london1 notably by ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,dawson1 ( ,hog>? ,works1 ,*iswick4 ,,half-,,tone ,,process4 ,,= ,,! ,,reproduction ,,( ,,wa% ,,draw+s1 ,,photographs1 ,,etc41 ,,by ,,! ,,scre5$ ,,photo-,,z9c ,,relief ,,process4 ,?is me?od ( mak+ ! blocks is m complicat$4 ,z !re are no l9es 9 a wa% draw+1 or 9 a photograph f nature1 or 9 a pa9t+1 x is necess>y to obta9 "s k9d ( gra91 or int]/ices ( :ite1 on ! z9c plate1 z 9 a mezzot9t2 s betwe5 ! draw+ or photograph to be reproduc$ & ! cam]a1 glass scre5s cov]$ ) l9es or dots1 are int]pos$1 v>y+ 9 /r5g? accord+ to ! light & %ade requir$2 ?us turn+ ! image ( ! wa% draw+ or photograph practically into l9e1 ) suffici5t int]/ices ( :ite = pr9t+ purposes4 ,! co>s5ess or f95ess ( gra9 on ^! blocks v>ies accord+ to circum/ances4 ,?us1 = rapid pr9t+ on cyl9d] ma*9es1 ) inf]ior pap] & ink1 a wid] gra9 & a deep] cut block is necess>y4 ,! examples 9 ?is book may be said to %[ ^! process blocks at _! be/1 ) good av]age pr9t+4 ,! results f wa% draw+s1 z already po9t$ out1 are unc]ta91 & g5]ally gloomy & me*anical-look+4 ,! reproductions ( p5cil1 *alk1 or *>coal draw+s by ?is process are g5]ally unsatisfactory1 ev5 :5 pr9t$ "u good conditions4 ,! blocks are %all[ z comp>$ ) ! z9c l9e process1 & are d\ble ! co/4 ,,intaglio ,,processes4 ,,photogravure1 ,,autotype1 ,,dalla/ype1 ,,etc4 ,,photogravure4--,fir/1 a photographic negative is tak5 direct f ! picture to be reproduc$1 & f ?is an autotype c>bon pr9t is tak5 & transf]r$ on to glass or silv]$ copp]1 in/ead ( on ! pap] us$ 9 mak+ c>bon pr9ts = sale4 ,?is picture is 9 delicate relief1 & =ms ! m\ld1 ^u :i* copp] is electrically deposit$4 ,aft] be+ made conductive1 ! c>bon m\ld is plac$ 9 a galvanic ba?1 ! deposit ( copp] ^u x tak+ ! impression p]fectly4 ,ano!r me?od is to transf] ! same m\ld ^u pure1 clean copp]1 & !n op]ate ) a p[]ful bit+ solution1 :i* is resi/$ m or less accord+ to ! v>y+ ?ickness ( c>bon m\ld to be p5etrat$4 ,?us ! p>ts to be left smoo!/ are ?ick ( c>bon1 & ! p>ts to be d>k are b>e1 s t ! mordant may act unresi/$4 ,?is1 x w be p]ceiv$1 is ! opposite way to ! process above giv51 & is !re=e work$ f a transp>5cy1 or photographic positive1 in/ead ( a negative4 ,?is is ! ,klick & ,fox ,talbot me?od1 & is v commonly 9 use at pres5t4 ,! process ( photogravure is well kn[n1 z employ$ by ,messrs4 ,b\ssod1 ,valadon1 ,co4 7,g\pil71 ( ,p>is1 & is adapt$ = ! reproduction ( wa% draw+s1 pa9t+s1 also draw+s :]e ! l9es are pale & unc]ta91 p5cil1 *alk1 etc42 ! greys & gradations ( p5cil be+ wond]fully int]pret$4 ,9 ,london ! intaglio processes are us$ by _m ( ! firms m5tion$ on page #bdj4 ,!y are n[ mu* us$ = ! reproduction ( photographic portraits 9 books1 tak+ place ( ! copp]plate engrav+4 ,,! ,,co/ ( ^! plates is1 r\ghly1 #e_/- ! squ>e in*4 ,! mak]s ( ^! plates g5]ally supply pap]1 & pr9t1 *>g+ by ! #ajj copies4 ,b engrav+s ?us produc$ are comp>atively little us$ 9 mod]n book illu/ration1 z !y _c be pr9t$ simultane\sly ) ! lett]-press ( a book2 !y are suitable only = limit$ editions & ditions de luxe4 ,,draw+ ,,mat]ials ,,= ,,reproduction4 #a4--;,,= ,,draw+s ,,9 ,,l9e4--,= g5]al use1 liquid ,indian ink & ,bri/ol bo>d2 or h>d pap] ( simil> surface4 ,clay bo>d1 ! surface ( :i* c easily be remov$ ) a scrap]1 is useful = "s purposes1 b ! p5 t\* on clay bo>d is apt to become me*anical4 #b4--;,,= ,,draw+s ,,9 ,,p5cil ,,& ,,*alk1 gra9$ pap]s are us$ 7see p4 #aac & foll[+74 ,^! pap]s are made ( v>i\s textures1 ) black or :ite l9es & dots v]tical1 horizontal1 & diagonal4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 gra9$ pap]s are little us$ 9 book & newspap] illu/ration 9 ?is c\ntry1 & unless arti/ically treat$ ! results are v unsatisfactory4 ,!y are mo/ suitable = l&scape "w & sket*es ( effect4 #c4--;,,= ,,wa% ,,draw+s4--,prep>$ bo>ds = wa% draw+s1 v>y+ 9 surface & texture accord+ to ! scale ( ! draw+1 ! bru% h&l+ ( ! arti/1 & ! nature ( ! "w to be reproduc$4 ,^! mu/ be decid$ by ! tea*]4 ,lamp black & opaque :ite are commonly us$4 ,a comb9ation ( l9e & wa% is g5]ally to be avoid$4 ,! mat]ials = draw+ = reproduction are to be obta9$ f ! foll[+ among/ o!r arti/s' col\rm54 ,a4 ,,ack]man1 #aia1 ,reg5t ,/reet1 ,w4 ,j4 ,,b>n>d ,,son1 #ai1 ,b]n]s ,/reet1 ,w4 ,,corneliss5 ,,son1 #bb1 ,great ,que5 ,/reet1 ,w4,c4 ,,le*]ti]1 ,,b>be1 ,co41 #fj1 ,reg5t ,/reet1 ,w4 ,,jas4 ,,newman1 #bd1 ,soho ,squ>e1 ,w4 ,,reeves ,,sons1 #aac1 ,*eapside1 ,e4,c4 ,,*as4 ,,rob]son ,,co41 #ii1 ,long ,acre1 ,w4,c4 ,,geo4 ,,r[ney ,,co41 #fd1 ,ox=d ,/reet1 ,w4 ,,w9sor ,,newton1 #cg1 ,ra?bone ,place1 ,w4 ,,p]cy ,,"y1 #acg1 ,g[] ,/reet1 ,w4,c4 ,,books ,,= ,,/ud5ts4 ,! foll[+ w be f\nd useful3-- #a4--,! ,graphic ,arts1 by ,p4 ,g4 ,,ham]ton 7,london3 ,macmillan ,co474 #b4--,p5 & ,p5cil ,arti/s1 by ,,joseph ,,p5nell 7,london3 ,macmillan ,co474 #c4--;,engli% ,p5 ,arti/s ( ,to-,day1 by ,j4 ,g4 ,,h>p] 7,london3 ,riv+ton1 ,p]cival ,co474 ,! value & compreh5sive "* ( ,mr4 ,ham]ton's book is well kn[n1 b x rea*es into bran*es ( ! art ( illu/ration f> beyond ! scope ( ?is book4 ,( ! second x may be said t ,mr4 ,joseph ,p5nell's book is mo/ valuable to /ud5ts ( black & :ite1 ) ! caution t _m ( ! illu/rations 9 x 7 n drawn = reproduction1 & w\ld n reproduce well by ! processes we h be5 consid]+4 ,! ?ird volume seems m practical = elem5t>y & te*nical tea*+4 ,x is to be regrett$ t ^! books are s co/ly z to be out ( ! rea* ( mo/ ( u2 b !y c be se5 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,mr4 ,ham]ton's ,draw+ & ,engrav+1 a ,brief ,exposition ( ,te*nical ,pr9ciples & ,practice 7,london3 ,adam & ,*>les ,black1 #ahib71 ,! ,photographic ,reproduction ( ,draw+s1 by ,col4 ,j4 ,wat]h\se 7,kegan1 ,paul1 ,co41 #ahij71 ,lessons 9 ,art1 by ,hume ,nisbet 7,*atto ,w9dus1 #ahia71 are portable & useful books1 full ( te*nical in=mation4 ,sir ,h5ry ,trueman ,wood's ,mod]n ,me?ods ( ,illu/rat+ ,books1 & ,mr4 ,h4 ,r4 ,rob]tson's ,p5 & ,ink ,draw+ 7,w9sor ,newton7 are bo? excell5t little manuals1 b _! dates are #ahhf4 ,,decorative ,,pages4 7,,f ,,old ,,mss4 ,,& ,,books ,,to ,,be ,,se5 ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum47 7,repr9t$ f ! ,cantor ,lectures47 #a4 ,example ( e>ly ,v5etian writ+1 f a copybook ( ! #ae? c5tury1 writt5 ) a re$ p54 ,note ! cle>ness & picturesqu5ess ( ! page2 also ! simil>ity to ! type lett]s us$ to-day--:at are call$ 'old face1' & ( mu* 7good & bad7 lett] 9 mod]n books4 #b4 ,a beautiful example ( ,go?ic writ+ & ornam5t1 f a ,fr5* illum9at$ manuscript 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 date #adhj4 ,"h ! decorative "* & g5]al balance ( ! page is delightful to mod]n eyes4 #c4 ,fac-simile ( a pr9t$ page1 f ,polydore ,v]gil's ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 produc$ 9 ,basle1 9 #aeef4 ,! /yle ( type is aga9 famili> to u 9 books publi%$ 9 #ahid2 b ! sett+ out ( ! page1 ! treatm5t ( ornam5t 7) little figures introduc$1 b subs]vi5t to ! g5]al effect71 is n famili>1 because x is seldom t we see a mod]n decorative page4 ,! pr9t] ( ! pa/ _h a s5se ( beauty1 & ( ! fitness ( ?+s app>5tly d5i$ to all b a few to-day4 #d4 ,an illum9at$ pr9t$ page1 #aeba1 ) engrav$ bord]s1 aft] designs by ,holbe92 figures aga9 subord9ate to ! g5]al effect4 #e4 ,examples ( ,italian1 #ad? c5tury2 ornam5t1 initial1 & lett]s =m+ a brilliant & h>moni\s comb9ation4 ,,illu/rations ( ! above & o!r decorative pages 7:i* c\ld n be reproduc$ 9 ?is book7 are %[n at ! lectures on a l>ge scale4 ,( ! _m mod]n books on decoration & ornam5t1 ! h&books by ,mr4 ,lewis ,=eman ,day 7,london3 ,bats=d7 are recomm5d$ to /ud5ts ( ! decorative page2 also ,engli% ,book ,plates1 by ,eg]ton ,ca/le 7,g4 ,bell ,sons74 ,,li/ ,,( ,,process ,,block ,,mak]s4 ,f a long li/ ( photo-engrav]s1 ! foll[+ are m5tion$ f p]sonal k ( _! "w3-- ,,relief ,,blocks4 ,,&r ,,sleigh1 ,bu%ey1 ,h]ts4 ,,! ,,art ,,reproduction ,,company1 ,clairville ,grove1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,,mr4 ,,dallas1 #e1 ,furnival ,/reet1 ,e4,c4 ,a4 ,c4 ,,dawson1 ,hog>? ,works1 ,*iswick4 ,,dellagana ,,co41 ,gayton ,road1 ,hamp/ead1 ,n4,w4 ,,direct ,,photographic ,,company1 #ch1 ,f>r+don ,/reet1 ,e4,c4 ,,h>e ,,sons1 ,,ltd41 ,bride ,c\rt1 ,fleet ,/reet4 ,,c>l ,,h5ts*el1 #ahb1 ,fleet ,/reet1 ,e4,c4 ,,*as4 ,,ge>d 7,ag5t = ,krak[71 ,mac,lean's ,bldgs41 ,new ,/4 ,sq41 ,e4,c4 ,,meis5ba* ,,co41 ,ltd41 ,wolf+ton ,road1 ,we/ ,norwood1 ,s4,e4 ,,john ,,swa9 ,,son1 #eh1 ,f>r+don ,/reet1 ,e4,c4 ,,swan ,,electric ,,light ,,co41 #aad1 ,*>+ ,cross ,road1 ,w4,c4 ,,typographic ,,et*+ ,,co41 #c1 ,ludgate ,circus ,build+s1 ,e4,c4 ,,walk] ,,b\tall1 ,clif=d's ,inn1 ,fleet ,/reet1 ,e4,c4 ,,wat]l[ ,,sons1 ,ltd41 ,london ,wall1 ,e4,c4 ,,v9c5t ,,hahn1 #cd1 ,b>bican1 ,e4,c4 ,,intaglio4 ,sev]al ( ! firms m5tion$ above are mak]s ( ,intaglio plates2 "s are also wood-engrav]s1 photo-li?ograph]s1 etc42 & ag5ts = ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 & ,au/rian photo-engrav]s4 ,among/ lead+ firms :o make ,intaglio plates are ,messrs4 ,b\ssod1 ,valadon1 ,co4 7,london & ,p>is72 & ,messrs4 ,ang]] ,gs*l1 ( ,vi5na4 ,! ,autotype ,company's admirable reproductions ( photographs & draw+s %\ld also be m5tion$ 9 ?is connection4 ,black & ,:ite4 ,,notice4--,,mr4 ,,h5ry ,,blackburn',s ,,/udio is op5 five days a week = ! ,/udy & ,practice ( ,,draw+ ,,= ,,! ,,press ) ,te*nical ,assi/ants4 ,/ud5ts jo9 at any "t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,private ,in/ruction & by ,correspond5ce4 #abc1 ,,victoria ,,/reet1 ,,we/m9/] 7ne> ,army ,navy /ores74 ,,op9ions ,,( ,,! ,,press ,on ! ,fir/ ,edition4 ',! ,art ( ,illu/ration' is a brightly writt5 acc\nt1 by a man :o has _h l>ge exp]i5ce ( ! ways 9 :i* books & newspap]s are illu/rat$ n[adays4444 ,z a collection ( typical illu/rations by arti/s ( ! day1 ,mr4 ,blackburn's book is v attractive4--,! ,times4 ,mr4 ,blackburn expla9s ! processes--l9e1 half-tone1 & s =?--exemplify+ ea* by ! draw+s ( arti/s m or less skill$ 9 ! mod]n "w ( illu/ration4 ,!y are well *os5 z a :ole1 to %[ ! possibilities ( process "w 9 tra9$ h&s4--,saturday ,review4 ,we ?or\ghly comm5d ?is book to all :om x may conc]n4--,a!num4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,blackburn1 p]haps our greate/ exp]t on ! subject ( ! book illu/rator's art1 has writt5 a mo/ int]e/+ volume1 :i* no "y black-&-:ite arti/ c v well af=d to d )\t4 ,ne>ly a hundr$ spl5did & in/ructive illu/rations4--,black & ,:ite4 ,! au?or's purpose 9 ?is book is to %[ h[ draw+ = ! press may be be/ adapt$ to its purpose4444 ,_m ( ,mr4 ,blackburn's in/ructions are te*nical1 b all are beautifully illu/rat$ by *oice reproductions f "s ( ! be/ black-&-:ite "w ( ! "t4--,daily ,news4 ,mr4 ,blackburn's int]e/+ & practical manual is design$1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 = ! guidance ( /ud5ts :o int5d to become illu/rators 9 black-&-:ite1 b = ! g5]al read] x conta9s a l>ge quantity ( readable & attractive matt]4--,! ,lit]>y ,_w4 ,we mu/ express our admiration = ! cont5ts ( ',! ,art ( ,illu/ration1' & its fund ( te*nical in=mation4--,booksell]4 ,! book is full ( int]e/1 conta9+ close ^u a hundr$ v>i$ examples ( illu/rations ( ! day4 ,a "w ( unque/ionable value4--,publi%]s' ,circul>4 ,mr4 ,blackburn kn[s f exp]i5ce :at is be/ = ! processes2 8 volume is illu/rat$ ) ne>ly "o hundr$ draw+s1 mo/ ( !m good examples ( :at is be+ done4 ',! ,art ( ,illu/ration' is an entirely safe guide4--,art ,j\rnal4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,blackburn has writt5 an able book on ',! ,art ( ,illu/ration1' :i*1 x is n ov]praise to say1 %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( e arti/ :o draws = reproduction4--,! ,g5tlewoman4 ',! ,art ( ,illu/ration' is p]haps ! mo/ satisfactory "w ( art ( its k9d t has yet be5 publi%$4--,sunday ,times4 ,a v cle> exposition ( ! v>i\s me?ods ( reproduction4--,gu>dian4 ,mr4 ,blackburn sails 8 book "u ! flag ( ,sir ,john ,gilb]t1 & ju/ly exp\nds ! all-importance ( l9e4--,national ,obs]v]4 ',! ,art ( ,illu/ration' conta9s a va/ am\nt ( valuable arti/ic in=mation1 & %\ld be on e /ud5t's book%elf4--,c\rt ,circul>4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,blackburn is a well-kn[n au?ority on ! te*nical aspects ( pa9t+ & design1 & ?is circum/ance l5ds value to 8 exposition ( ',! ,art ( ,illu/ration4'444 ,he writes ) admirable cle>ness & =ce4--,le$s ,m]cury4 ,! excell5t s]ies ( reproductions 9 ?is book %[ 7int] alia7 ! v>iety ( effects to be obta9$ by ! common z9c process4 ,mr4 ,blackburn's book w prove ( great value to ! /ud5t & int]e/ to ! g5]al read]4--,man*e/] ,gu>dian4 ,?is volume is full ( good criticism1 & takes a survey ( ! _m processes by :i* books may be beautifi$4444 ,a *>m+ & in/ructive volume4--,birm+ham ,gazette4 ',! ,art ( ,illu/ration' w h ! deepe/ int]e/ = arti/s & o!rs conc]n$ 9 ! illu/ration ( books4--,york%ire ,po/4 ,a v int]e/+ qu>to1 wor? hav+ = its typical illu/rations4--,briti% ,ar*itect4 ,mr4 ,blackburn's volume %\ld be v welcome to arti/s1 editors1 & publi%]s4--,! ,arti/4 ,a mo/ useful book4--,/udio4