,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,?is e-text uses ! ,lat9-#a ,,iso #hhei-a "* set4 ,! foll[+ conv5tions are us$ to repres5t non-,lat9-#a *>act]s us$ 9 ! orig9al3 x repres5ts lett] 'x' ) macron4 7x repres5ts lett] 'x' ) breve4 gh repres5ts yogh4 oe repres5ts oe ligature4 repres5ts a 'pause' m>k 9 poetry4 x repres5ts ! lett] 'x' sup]script$4 ,! foll[+ ,lat9-#a *>act]s :i* may be unfamili> are us$ 9 ?is e-text3 1 - upp] & l[] case ?orn4 1 - upp] & l[] case e?4 ,footnotes h be5 numb]$ sequ5tially & mov$ to ! end ( ea* *apt]4 ,m9or corrections to punctuation & capitalisation h be5 made )\t note4 ,v>iant spell+1 especially 9 ,anglo-,saxon & middle ,engli% poems1 is z p] ! orig9al4 ,! foll[+ corrections to typographical errors h be5 made3 p4#abi3 ,i hope to get safely out ( ! turmoil 7_h 444 safety 4447 p4#dja3 ,x _c be said1 h[ev]1 7,_h ,9 4447 p4#deg3 ,lotos-,eat]s 7,index entry1 _h ,lotus-,eat]s7 ,,engli% ,,v]se ,,specim5s ,,illu/rat+ ,,its ,,pr9ciples ,,& ,,hi/ory ,,*os5 ,,& ,,edit$ ,,by ,,raymond ,,macdonald ,,ald51 ,,ph4,d4 ,associate ,pr(essor 9 ,lel& ,/an=d ,junior ,univ]sity ,illu/ration ,,new ,,york ,,h5ry ,,holt ,,& ,,company ,,copyright1 #aijc1 ,,by ,,h5ry ,,holt ,,co4 ,,to my ,fa!r & ,"m ,,:o ,,h ,,giv5 ,,bo? ,,! ,,inspiration ,,& ,,! ,,opportunity ,,= ,,all ,,my ,,/udies ,,preface ,! aim ( ?is book is to give ! mat]ials = ! inductive /udy ( ,engli% v]se4 ,its orig9 0 9 c]ta9 univ]sity c\rses1 = :i* x prov$ to be necess>y--(t5 = use 9 a s+le h\r's "w--to ga!r almo/ numb]less books1 "s ( :i* mu/ ord9>ily be inaccessible except 9 ! vic9ity ( l>ge libr>ies4 ,i h tri$ to extract f ^! books ! mat]ials necess>y = ! /udy ( ,engli% v]se-=ms1 add+ notes design$ to make ! specim5s intelligible & useful4 ,deal+ ) a subject :]e !ories are almo/ z num]\s z ^? :o h writt5 on x1 x has be5 my purpose to avoid ! sett+ =? ( my own op9ions1 & to pres5t ! subject-matt] 9 a way suit$1 s f> z possible1 to ! use ( ^? hold+ widely div]g5t views4 ,9 ! arrangem5t & nam+ ( ! e>li] sections ( ! book1 "s sy/ematic !ory ( ! subject--accept$ at lea/ t5tatively--0 inde$ indisp5sable2 b ,i tru/ t ev5 "h ^? :o w\ld apply to ,engli% v]se a diff]5t classification or t]m9ology may be able to disc>d :at !y _c approve & to make use ( ! specim5s f _! own /&po9t4 ,ev5 :]e 7z 9 ^! introductory sections7 ! notes seem to ov]top ! text some:at ?reat5+ly1 !y are inv>iably int5d$--z ! type indicates--to be subord9ate4 ,:]e x has be5 possible to d s1 ,i h pref]r$ to pres5t comm5ts on ! specim5s 9 ! words ( o!r writ]s1 & h n conf9$ ^! notes to op9ions ) :i* ,i :olly agree1 b only to ^? :i* seem wor?y ( att5tion4 ,my own views on ! m disput$ elem5ts ( ! subject 7su* z ! relations ( "t & acc5t 9 our v]se1 ! pres5ce ( quantity 9 ,engli%1 & ! t]m9ology ( ! subject7 ,i h res]v$ = ,"p ,?ree1 :]e ,i tru/ !y w be f\nd helpful by "s read]s1 b :]e !y may easily be pass$ ov]4 ,to classify ! mat]ials ( ?is subject is peculi>ly difficult1 & "o :o tries to solve ! problem w e>ly ab&on ! hope ( be+ able to foll[ any sy/em ) consi/5cy4 ,ma9 divisions & subdivisions w inevitably conflict & ov]lap4 ,= practical purposes1 bas+ my arrangem5t 9 "p on t f\nd conv5i5t 9 univ]sity lectures 7:i* x w be se5 is n altoge!r unlike t foll[$ by ,s*ipp] 9 8 ,englis*e ,metrik71 ,i h divid$ ! specim5s ( v]se into two ma9 divisions1 ea* ( :i* is sugge/$ by a ^w 9 ! sub-title ( ! book4 ,"p ,"o conta9s specim5s design$ to illu/rate ! pr9ciples ( ,engli% v]se1 arrang$ 9 topical ord]4 ,"p ,two conta9s specim5s design$ to illu/rate ! hi/ory ( ! m important =ms ( ,engli% v]se1 arrang$--9 ! sev]al divisions--9 *ronological ord]4 ,"p ,?ree has already be5 spok5 (4 ,"p ,f\r conta9s extracts f important critical writ]s on ! place & function ( ! v]se-elem5t 9 poetry1--matt]s :i* give u ! raison d'tre = ! :ole /udy ( v]sification4 ,if !re _h ev] be5 hope ( mak+ ! collection ( specim5s fairly complete1 ev5 9 a repres5tative s5se1 ?is w\ld h be5 dissipat$ by ! discov]y1 dur+ ! v "t ( ! book's go+ ?r\gh ! press1 ( a numb] ( additional specim5s :i* x seem$ wick$ to omit4 ,d\btless e read] w miss "s favorite selection :i* might well h be5 includ$1 & sugge/ions z to important omissions w be receiv$ gratefully4 ,! attempt has be5 to put /ud5ts on ! track ( all ! m important l9es ( developm5t ( ,engli% v]se1 & to indicate1 by includ+ a consid]able numb] ( specim5s f e>ly p]iods1 ! cont9uity ( ?is developm5t f ! times ( our ,saxon =efa!rs to our own4 ,little consi/5cy c be claim$ = ! practice obs]v$ 9 ! matt] ( mod]niz+ texts t date f transition p]iods l ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,9 "s cases ! text has be5 mod]niz$1 or reta9$ 9 its orig9al =m1 accord+ z x seem$ well to emphasize ei!r ! p]man5t significance or ! hi/orical position ( ! specim5 9 "q4 ,9 o!r cases ! =m ( ! text 0 det]m9$ m]ely by ! be/ edition accessible = purposes ( reproduction4 ,dates h be5 app5d$ to ! specim5s 9 ^? sections :]e *ronology is a significant elem5t4 ,x has n always be5 possible to v]ify ^! dates ) ?or\ghness1 or to di/+ui% betwe5 ! date ( writ+ & t ( publication2 b x is hop$ t inaccuracies ( ?is sort w at lea/ n be f\nd ( a "* to misrepres5t ! hi/orical relations ( ! specim5s4 ,dates are n ord9>ily giv5 = ! poems ( writ]s /ill liv+4 ,9 ! notes on ! specim5s ,i h tri$ to di/+ui% betwe5 mat]ial likely to be useful = all /ud5ts ( ! subject & t go+ m into detail1 :i* is int5d$ only = advanc$ or special /ud5ts4 ,notes ( ! second class are pr9t$ 9 small] type4 ,!re has be5 no attempt to give ! notes ( a bibliographical "* any pret5sion to complet5ess4 ,"o may well hesitate to add1 9 ?is direction1 to ! admirable mat]ial pres5t$ 9 ! ,me?ods & ,mat]ials ( ,lit]>y ,criticism ( ,pr(essors ,gayley & ,scott4 ,i h resi/$ /r5u\sly all temptation to *oose or to annotate specim5s on g5]al gr\nds ( /hetic enjoym5t1 ap>t f ! di/9ct /udy ( v]se-=ms4 ,yet x w\ld be useless to d5y hav+ sometimes made *oice ( p>ticul> v]ses1 all o!r consid]ations be+ equal1 = _! poetic or lit]>y value ov] & above _! prosodical4 ,i %all n claim = ! collection :at ,boswell did = ,dr4 ,johnson's ,diction>y1 t he 0 s att5tive 9 ! *oice ( ! illu/rative passages t "o may read page aft] page 444 ) improvem5t & pleasure2 yet ,i may say t1 s f> f fe>+ t ! enjoym5t ( any poem w be injur$ by a prop] att5tion to ! elem5ts ( its metrical =m1 x is my hope t _m a haunt+ v]se may l+]1 a p]petual possession ( beauty1 9 ! memory ( ! /ud5t :o fir/ f\nd x "h classifi$ "u a te*nical "n4 ,_m obligations are to be ackn[l$g$ to s*ol>s ( ^: advice ,i h avail$ myself4 ,mo/ k9dly aid has be5 receiv$ f ,pr(essor ,g4 ,l4 ,kittr$ge & ,dr4 ,fr$ ,n4 ,rob9son1 ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity2 f ,pr(essor ,felix ,e4 ,s*ell+1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania2 f my fri5d1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,p4 ,e>le1 ( ,/an=d ,univ]sity2 & f my colleague1 ,dr4 ,ewald ,flgel4 ,my obligation to ,s*ipp]'s monum5tal works on ,engli% v]se w be obvi\s to e s*ol>4 ,!y sugge/$ _m ( ! specim5s ( v]se-=ms1 & are also repres5t$ by translations or p>aphrases 9 ! notes2 ref]5ces to ,s*ipp]1 )\t full title1 are to ! ,englis*e ,metrik1--! l>g] "w4 ,i h also made ?ankful use ( ,mr4 ,john ,add+ton ,symonds's essays on ,blank ,v]se1 & ( ,pr(essor ,corson's ,prim] ( ,engli% ,v]se1--bo? some:at unsci5tific b highly sugge/ive works4 ,! section on ,artificial ,fr5* ,=ms obvi\sly owes v mu* to ,mr4 ,gleeson ,:ite's ,ballades & ,rondeaus4 ,a book to :i* my obligation is out ( all proportion to ! numb] ( actual quotations f x is ,mr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,mayor's ,*apt]s on ,engli% ,metre4 ,?is mode/ b satisfy+ volume seem$ to me1 :5 ,i fir/ 0 tak+ up ! /udy ( ,engli% v]se1 to be a grateful relief f ! ?orny & (t5 fruitless discussions ) :i* ! subject _h be5 ov]gr[n2 & 9 return+ to x aga9 & aga91 ,i h nev] fail$ to r5ew ! impression4 ,its sugge/ions und]lie a good "p ( ! sy/em ( classification & t]m9ology adopt$ = ?is book4 ,! new & enl>g$ edition came to h& too late = use1 b ,i 0 able to include ref]5ces to x 9 ! notes4 ,i mu/ also record ?anks to ^? au?ors & publi%]s :o h c\rte\sly giv5 p]mission = ! reproduction ( _! publications3 to ,mr4 ,john ,lane1 = p]mission to quote f ! works ( ,mr4 ,william ,watson & ,mr4 ,/eph5 ,phillips2 to ,messrs4 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl9 & ,company1 = p]mission to make extracts f ! poems ( ,mr4 ,william ,vaughn ,moody & f ,mr4 ,/$man's ,nature & ,elem5ts ( ,poetry2 to ,macmillan & ,company1 ,limit$1 ( ,london1 = p]mission to make extracts f ,pr(essor ,but*]'s ,ari/otle's ,!ory ( ,poetry & f ,mr4 ,c\r?ope's ,life 9 ,poetry & ,law 9 ,ta/e2 to ,pr(essor ,f4 ,b4 ,gumm]e & ,! ,macmillan ,company ( ,new ,york1 = p]mission to quote f ! =m]'s ,beg9n+s ( ,poetry2 to ! ,lo?rop ,publi%+ ,company ( ,bo/on1 = p]mission to repr9t ,mr4 ,cl9ton ,scoll>d's villanelle1 ,spr+ ,knocks at ,w9t]'s ,fro/y ,door1 f ! volume entitl$ ,) ,re$ & ,lyre2 to ,mrs4 ,*>lotte ,p]k9s ,gilman1 = p]mission to repr9t h] rondeau1 ,a ,man mu/ ,live1 f ! volume entitl$ ,on ,?is ,our ,_w 7publi%$ by ,small1 ,mayn>d & ,company72 to ,dr4 ,samuel ,m9turn ,peck1 = p]mission to repr9t "o ( ! triolets call$ ,"u ! ,rose1 f 8 volume entitl$ ,cap & ,bells2 to ! ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,/okes ,company1 = p]mission to repr9t ,mr4 ,frank ,d4 ,%]man's ,ballade to ,au/9 ,dobson1 f ! volume entitl$ ,madrigals & ,cat*es4 ,dr4 ,s4 ,weir ,mit*ell1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,e4 ,h5ley1 & ,mr4 ,edmund ,gosse h giv5 g5]\s p]mission to quote freely f _! poems4 ,mr4 ,h5ley 0 also good en\gh to sugge/ ! *oice ( ! rondeau f 8 ,bric--,brac2 & ,mr4 ,gosse1 ^: unfail+ c\rtesy foll[s up 8 num]\s publi%$ aids to /ud5ts ( ,engli% poetry1 has also add$ "s p]sonal notes on ! hi/ory ( ! h]oic c\plet4 ,f9ally1 x %\ld be said t a consid]able "p ( ! /udies result+ 9 ?is book 0 c>ri$ on :ile ! editor held ! ,s5ior ,fell[%ip 9 ,engli% on ! ,h>rison ,f\ndation 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! book %\ld prove ( s]vice to any1 ! fact w be a s+le additional tribute to ! munific5ce ( t f\ndation4 ,r4 ,m4 ,a4 ,,/an=d ,,univ]sity1 ,,cali=nia1 ,novemb]1 #aijb4 ,,cont5ts ,,"p ,,"o ,,page ,i4 ,,acc5t ,,& ,,"t #c ,a4--,k9ds ( ,acc5t #c ,b4--,"t-int]vals #aa i4 ,regul> int]vals betwe5 acc5ts #ab ii4 ,irregul> int]vals #ac iii4 ,sil5t int]vals 7pauses7 #af ,,ii4 ,,! ,,foot ,,& ,,! ,,v]se #bd ,"o-/ress iambic #be ,two-/ress iambic #bf ,two-/ress tro*aic #bg ,two-/ress anape/ic #bh ,two-/ress dactylic #cj ,two-/ress irregul> #ca ,?ree-/ress iambic #cb ,?ree-/ress tro*aic #cc ,?ree-/ress anape/ic #cd ,?ree-/ress dactylic #cg ,f\r-/ress iambic #cg ,f\r-/ress tro*aic #cg ,f\r-/ress anape/ic #ci ,f\r-/ress dactylic #dj ,five-/ress iambic #da ,five-/ress tro*aic #da ,five-/ress anape/ic #db ,five-/ress dactylic #db ,six-/ress iambic #dc ,six-/ress tro*aic #dc ,six-/ress anape/ic #dc ,six-/ress dactylic #dd ,sev5-/ress iambic #dd ,sev5-/ress tro*aic #de ,sev5-/ress anape/ic #de ,sev5-/ress dactylic #df ,eight-/ress iambic #df ,eight-/ress tro*aic #df ,eight-/ress anape/ic #dh ,eight-/ress dactylic #dh ,comb9ations & ,sub/itutions #di i4 ,diff]5t feet regul>ly comb9$ #di ii4 ,individual feet alt]$ #ee ,,iii4 ,,! ,,/anza #fb ,t]cets #fc ,quatra9s #fi ,refra9 ,/anzas #gh ,v>i\s ,/anza-=ms abccb #ia ababb #ia aabbb #ia aabcdd #ia aaaabb #ib ababab #ib ababcc #ib ababbcc 7,rime royal7 #ic ababcca #ie ababccb #ie abababab #if ababbaba #if ababbcbc #if ababccdd #ig abababcc 7ottava rima7 #ih aabaabbab #aja ababcccdd #aja ababbcbcc 7,sp5s]ian /anza7 #ajb abababccc #ajg aabaabcc #ajg ababbcbcdd #ajg aabbbcc #ajh ababababbcbc #ajh aabccbddbeebffgggf #aji ababccde$ #aaa aabccbddbeeb #aaa abcbdcdceccce #aab ,,iv4 ,,tone-,,quality #aac ,a4--,z a ,/ructural ,elem5t #aac i4 ,assonance #aac ii4 ,allit]ation #aaf iii4 ,end-rime #aba ,d\ble & triple rime #abh ,brok5 rime #aca ,int]nal rime #acb ,b4--,z a ,sporadic ,elem5t 7,tone-color7 #ace ,,"p ,,two ,i4 ,,f\r-,,/ress ,,v]se #aea ,a4--,non-syllable-c\nt+ #aea ,b4--,syllable-c\nt+ 7,octosyllabic ,c\plet7 #afj ,,ii4 ,,five-,,/ress ,,v]se #agd ,a4---,! ,decasyllabic ,c\plet #agd ,b4--,blank ,v]se #bac ,,iii4 ,,six-,,/ress ,,& ,,sev5-,,/ress ,,v]se #beb ,a4--,! ,alex&r9e 7,iambic ,hexamet]7 #beb ,b4--,! ,sept5>y #bei ,c4--,! ,p\lt]'s ,measure #bfe ,,iv4 ,,! ,,sonnet #bfg ,a4--,! ,regul> 7,italian7 ,sonnet #bgj ,b4--,! ,engli% 7,%aksp]ian7 ,sonnet #bij ,v4 ,,! ,,ode #bih ,a4--,regul> ,p9d>ic #bii ,b4--,irregul> 7,c[leyan7 #cjg ,c4--,*oral #cbc ,,vi4 ,,imitations ,,( ,,classical ,,metres #ccj ,a4--,lyrical ,measures #cca ,b4--,dactylic ,hexamet] #cdj ,,vii4 ,,imitations ,,( ,,artificial ,,fr5* ,,lyrical ,,=ms #ceh ,a4--,! ,ballade #cfj ,b4--,! ,rondeau & ,rondel #cfh i4 ,rondel type #cfi ii4 ,rondeau type #cga ,c4--,! ,villanelle #cgf ,d4--,! ,triolet #cha ,e4--,! ,se/9a #chc ,,"p ,,?ree ,,! ,,"t-,,elem5t ,,9 ,,engli% ,,v]se #cia ,,"p ,,f\r ,,! ,,place ,,& ,,function ,,( ,,! ,,metrical ,,elem5t ,,9 ,,poetry #dac ,ari/otle #dac ,sir ,philip ,sidney #daf ,samuel ,johnson #dag ,wordswor? #dag ,col]idge #dbj ,%elley #dbb ,william ,hazlitt #dbc ,leigh ,hunt #dbe ,!odore ,watts #dbf ,edmund ,gurney #dbg ,w4 ,j4 ,c\r?ope #dbi ,e4 ,c4 ,/$man #dcb ,f4 ,b4 ,gumm]e #dcc ,,app5dix ,,table ,,illu/rat+ ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,h]oic ,,c\plet #dcg ,,"p ,,"o ,,engli% ,,v]se ,i4 ,,acc5t ,,& ,,"t ,a4--,,k9ds ,,( ,,acc5t ,! acc5ts ( ,engli% syllables z appe>+ 9 v]se are commonly classifi$ 9 two ways3 accord+ to degree ( int5sity1 & accord+ to cause or significance4 ,obvi\sly !re c be no fix$ limits to ! numb] ( degrees ( int5sity recogniz$ 9 syllabic acc5t or /ress4 ,x is common to speak ( ?ree su* degrees3 syllables hav+ acc5t 7/ress$71 syllables hav+ second>y acc5t1 & syllables )\t acc5t 7un/ress$74 ,s*ipp] makes f\r gr\ps3 ,pr9cipal ,acc5t 7,hauptacc5t or ,ho*ton71 ,second>y ,acc5t 7,neb5acc5t or ,tiefton71 ,no ,acc5t 7,tonlosigkeit71 & ,disappe>ance ( ,s\nd 7,/ummheit74 ,9 illu/ration he gives ! ^w pond]\s1 :]e ! fir/ syllable has ! *ief acc5t1 ! la/ a second>y acc5t1 ! second no acc5t2 :ile 9 ! v]se ,mo/ pond]\s & sub/antial ?+s ! second syllable is suppress$ or sil5t4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,j4 ,ellis1 9 l mann]1 recogniz$ ?ree pr9cipal classes ( syllables3 ^? /ress$ 9 ! fir/ degree1 ^? /ress$ 9 ! second degree1 & ^? un/ress$4#a ,9 ! foll[+ l9es f ,p>adise ,lo/ he indicat$ ^! ?ree degrees1 z he recogniz$ !m1 by ! figures #b1 #a1 #j1 writt5 und]nea?4 ,( man's fir/ disob$i5ce1 & ! fruit #j #b #a #j #j #b #j #j #j #b ,( t =bidd5 tree1 ^: mortal ta/e #j #a #j #b #j #a #j #b #j #b ,br\ght dea? into ! _w1 & all our woe1 #a #b #j #j #j #b #j #a #j #b ,) loss ( ,ed51 till "o great] man #j #a #j #b #j #j #j #b #j #b ,re/ore u1 & rega9 ! blissful seat1 #j #b #j #j #j #b #j #b #j #b ,s+1 heav5ly ,muse1 t1 on ! secret top #b #b #j #b #a #j #j #b #j #a ,( ,horeb or ( ,s9ai1 did/ inspire #j #b #j #j #j #b #j #a #j #b ,t %eph]d1 :o fir/ taught ! *os5 se$ #a #b #j #j #b #b #j #b #j #b ,9 ! beg9n+1 h[ ! heav5s & e>? #j #j #j #b #j #a #j #b #j #b ,rose out ( *aos4#b #b #j #j #b #j ,x is wor?y ( note t ! second>y acc5t seems orig9ally to h be5 a m important factor 9 ,engli% v]se ?an x is commonly consid]$ to be 9 mod]n p]iods4 ,9 ,anglo-,saxon v]se ! comb9ation ( a prim>y /ress1 a second>y /ress1 & an un/ress$ syllable1 is a recogniz$ type4 ,9 mod]n v]se ! read] is likely to make an ef=t to r$uce all syllables to ! type ( ei!r /ress or no-/ress4 ,9 su* a v]se z ! foll[+1 h[ev] 7f ,mat!w ,arnold's ,=sak5 ,m]man71-- ,& ,i lose my poor s\l1 ,m]man1 "h ) !e1-- we may f9d su* a comb9ation z t j ref]r$ to z famili> 9 ,anglo-,saxon rhy?m4 ,! syllables s\l1 ,m]man are respectively cases ( prim>y /ress1 second>y /ress1 & no-/ress4 ,on ?is matt] see fur!r ! rem>k ( ,luick1 cit$ on p4 #aef1 bel[4 ,! elem5t ( ,pit* is n ord9>ily includ$ 9 ! treatm5t ( v]sification1 z x is n ord9>ily recogniz$ z hav+ any significance peculi> to v]se4 ,accord+ to ,pr(essor ,j4 ,w4 ,bright1 h[ev]1 !re is su* a ?+ z a pit*-acc5t :i* plays an important "p 9 v]se :]e ! ^w-acc5t conflicts ) t ( ! regul> metre4 ,"u c]ta9 exig5cies1 he says1 un-gov]n$1 pre-cisely1 re-m>kable1 & ,je-rusalem 444 are naturally pron\nc$ ) a pit*-acc5t ^u ! fir/ syllables1 & ) ! undi/urb$ expiratory ^w-acc5t ^u ! second4 ,x w ( c\rse be und]/ood t :5 ! ^w-acc5t is def9$ z expiratory ?is t]m does n exclude ! inh]5t pit* ( ,engli% /ress4 ,=ce1 quantity1 & pit* are comb9$ 9 our ^w-/ress 7or ^w-acc5t71 bo? prim>y & second>y2 b 9 ! second>y /ress us$ z ictus !re is a noticeable *ange 9 ! proportions ( ^! elem5ts1 ! pit* be+ relatively increas$4 ,an answ] is ?us won = ! "q3 ,h[ d we naturally pron\nce two /resses 9 juxtaposition on ! same ^w1 or on adjac5t words closely jo9$ grammatically8 ,?is is fur!r illu/rat$ 9 ! specially emphasiz$ words ( su* expressions z ',! idea6' :]e ,pr(essor ,bright m>ks ! pit*-acc5t on ! fir/ syllable ( idea1 reta9+ ! /ress-acc5t on ! second syllable4 ,9 ! l9e ,( man's fir/ disob$i5ce1 & ! fruit he m>ks a pit*-acc5t :]e ! ^w-/ress & metrical /ress are 9 conflict1 t is1 on ! syllables dis- & &4 ,! rhy?mic use ( 'disob$i5ce1' he says1 illu/rates ) its f\r syllables 7z "h us$7 z _m recognizable v>ieties ( /ress4 ,! fir/ syllable has a second>y ^w-acc5t1 rais$ to a pit*-acc5t = ictus2 ! second is :olly unacc5t$2 ! ?ird has ! *ief ^w-acc5t1 employ$ z ictus 7! acc5t ( ! prec$+ ^w1 fir/1 is subord9ate to ! rhy?m72 ! f\r? has a second>y ^w-acc5t :i* rema9s un*ang$ 9 ! !sis4 ,! conclusion is t ictus 9 conflict requires a pit*-acc5t4 7,all ^! quotations are f an article on ',prop] ,names 9 ,old ,engli% ,v]se1' 9 ! ,publications ( ! ,mod]n ,language ,association1 n4s4 vol4 vii4 ,no4 #c74 ,pr(essor ,bright's !ory ( pit*-acc5t is a "p ( 8 g5]al !ory ( opposition to :at he calls ! s5se-doctr9e ( ! read+ ( v]se1--t is1 ! accept$ doctr9e t ! ^w & s5t5ce acc5ts mu/ ord9>ily take prec$5ce ( ! metrical acc5t4 ,accord+ to cause or significance1 acc5ts are commonly class$ 9 ?ree gr\ps3 ,etymological or ,^w ,acc5t1 ,syntactical or ,rhetorical ,acc5t1 & ,metrical ,acc5t4 ,acc5ts ( ! fir/ class are due to ! orig9al /ress ( ! syllable 9 ,engli% spee*2 ^? ( ! second class are due to ! importance ( ! syllable 9 ! s5t5ce2 ^? ( ! ?ird class are due to ! place ( ! syllable 9 ! metrical s*eme4 ,9 ! v]se ,m>y _h a little lamb1 ! fir/ syllable may be said to be /ress$ prim>ily = etymological reasons1 ! sev5? prim>ily = syntactical or rhetorical reasons1 & ! ?ird 7:i* w\ld n be acc5t$ 9 prose7 = metrical reasons4 ,! g5]al law ( ,engli% v]se is t only ^? syllables :i* be> ! acc5t ( ! fir/ class 7t is1 :i* are /ress$ 9 common spee*71 toge!r ) monosyllables :i* on occasion are /ress$ 9 common spee*1 %all be plac$ s z to receive ! metrical /ress2 & t1 if ! ^w-/ress & ! metrical /ress app>5tly conflict1 ! metrical /ress mu/ yield4 ,less g5]ally1 ! rhetorical or syntactical acc5t 9 ! same way takes prec$5ce ( ! metrical4 ,9 bo? cases exceptions are ( c\rse num]\s4 ,! foll[+ are examples ( v]ses %[+ a conflict betwe5 ! normal prose-acc5t & ! normal v]se-acc5t1 :]e--z commonly read--! prose- 7^w-7 acc5t triumphs4 ,! bless$ damozel lean$ out ,f ! gold b> ( heav54 7,,rossetti3 ,! ,bless$ ,damozel47 ,love is a smoke rais$ ) ! fume ( sighs2 ,be+ purg$1 a fire sp>kl+ 9 lov]'s eyes2 ,be+ vex$1 a sea n\ri%$ ) lov]'s te>s4 7,,%aksp]e3 ,romeo & ,juliet1 ,i4 i4 #aif ff47 ,art ?\ s b>e & full ( wret*$ness1 ,& fe>'/ to die8 fam9e is 9 ?y *eeks1 ,ne$ & oppression />ve? 9 ?9e eyes4 7,,%aksp]e3 ib4 ,v4 i4 #fh ff47 ,till1 at 8 second bidd+1 ,d>kness fl$1 ,light %one1 & ord] f disord] sprung4 ,swift to _! sev]al qu>t]s ha/$ !n ,! cumbr\s elem5ts--,e>?1 ,flood1 ,air1 ,fire2 ,& ?is e!real qu9tess5ce ( ,heav5 ,flew upw>d1 spirit$ ) v>i\s =ms1 ,t roll$ orbicul>1 & turn$ to />s ,numb]less1 z ?\ see/1 & h[ !y move4 7,,milton3 ,p>adise ,lo/1 iii4 #gab ff47 ,%e 0 a gordian %ape ( dazzl+ hue1 ,v]milion-spott$1 gold51 gre51 & blue2 ,/rip$ l a zebra1 freckl$ l a p>d1 ,ey$ l a peacock1 & all crimson b>r$4 7,,keats3 ,lamia1 i4 #dg ff47 ,boys6 %riek'd ! old k+1 b va9li] ?an a h5 ,to h] false daught]s 9 ! pool2 = none ,reg>d$2 nei!r seem'd !re m to say4 ,back rode we to my fa!r's camp1 & f\nd ,he ?rice _h s5t a h]ald to ! gates4 7,,t5nyson3 ,! ,pr9cess1 v4 #cah ff47 ,seque/]$ ne/6--?is k+dom1 limit$ ,alone by "o old popul\s gre5 wall2 ,t5ant$ by ! ev]-busy flies1 ,gray crickets & %y liz>ds & quick spid]s2 ,ea* family ( ! silv]-?read$ moss-- ,:i*1 look ?r\gh ne>1 ?is way1 & x appe>s ,a /ubble-field or a cane-brake1 a m>% ,( bulru% :it5+ 9 ! sun3 laugh n[6 7,,br[n+3 ,p>acelsus1 i4 #cf ff47 ,on ! o!r h&1 we f9d v]ses %[+ a conflict betwe5 prose & v]se acc5t1 :]e ! v]se-acc5t may be reg>d$ z triumph+ :olly or 9 "p4 ,:]e ?is triumph is complete1 ! acc5t is said to be wr5*$2 z1 = example1 9 old ballad end+s l nor? c\ntree4#c ,:]e !re is a compromise effect$ 9 read+1 ! acc5t is said to be hov]+2 z 9 "o ( ,%aksp]e's songs1-- ,x 0 a lov] & 8 lass 444 ,t o'er ! gre5 corn-field did pass4 ,i sat ) ,love ^u a woodside well1 ,lean+ across ! wat]1 ,i & he2 ,nor ev] did he speak nor look$ at me1 ,b t\*$ 8 lute :]e9 0 audible ,! c]ta9 secret ?+ he _h to tell3 ,only our mirror$ eyes met sil5tly ,9 ! l[ wave2 & t s\nd came to be ,! passionate voice ,i knew2 & my te>s fell4 ,& at _! fall1 8 eyes b5ea? grew h]s2 ,& ) 8 foot & ) 8 w+-fea!rs ,he swept ! spr+ t wat]$ my he>t's dr\?4 ,!n ! d>k ripples spread to wav+ hair1 ,& z ,i /oop$1 h] own lips ris+ !re ,bubbl$ ) brimm+ kisses at my m\?4 7,,rossetti3 ,will[wood4 ,h\se ( ,life1 ,sonnet xlix47 ,i wi% my grave 7 gr[+ gre51 ,a w9d+-%eet drawn ow] my e51 ,& ,i 9 ,hel5's arms ly+1 ,on fair ,kirconnell lea4 7,fair ,hel52 old ballad47 ,= ! />s & ! w9ds are unto h] ,z raim5t1 z songs ( ! h>p-play]4 7,,sw9burne3 ,*orus 9 ,atalanta 9 ,calydon47 ,no?+ is bett]1 ,i well ?9k1 ,?an love2 ! hidd5 well-wat] ,is n s delicate to dr9k3 ,?is 0 well se5 ( me & h]4 7,,sw9burne3 ,! ,lep]47 ,^! wr5*$ acc5ts are *>act]i/ic ( "o phase ( ! s-call$ pre-,raphaelite poetry ( ! ,victorian p]iod2 9 "p1 no d\bt1 !y are due to ! influ5ce ( ! old ballads4 ,my colleague ,pr(essor ,newcom] has sugge/$ t !y are p>tly due1 also1 to a dislike = ! combative acc5t :i* w\ld occur :]e two heavy syllables came toge!r 7acc5t$ z commonly7 9 a comp\nd l h>p-play]4 ,( special int]e/ are ! examples ( wr5*$ & hov]+ acc5t f\nd 9 ! v]se ( ,sir ,?omas ,wyatt & ! ,e>l ( ,surrey1--m especially 9 ,wyatt4 ,^! m>k ! "t :5 ! syllable-c\nt+ pr9ciple 0 com+ into prom95ce 9 ,engli% v]se1 "u ! new culture ( ! days ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,! fir/ consci\s foll[]s ( ?is pr9ciple seem to h giv5 x su* prom95ce t a v]se seem$ good to !m if x conta9$ ! requisite numb] ( syllables1 :e!r ! acc5ts con=m$ to any regul> sy/em or n4 ,9 ! case ( ,wyatt we c also comp>e ! orig9al =ms ( _m ( 8 poems1 z pres]v$ 9 manuscript1 ) ! revis$ =ms z pr9t$ 9 ,tottel's ,miscellany 7#aeeg74 7,see ,dr4 ,flgel's transcriptions f ! ,wyatt ,mss41 9 ,anglia1 vol4 xviii47 ,! foll[+ is ! octave ( "o ( ! sonnets1 z f\nd 9 ! ,ms43 ,avys+ ! bright bemes ( ^! fay] ,iyes :]e he is t myn (t moi/e? & was%e? ! w]id mynde /reght f ! h]t dep>te? = to re/ 9 8 woroldly p>adise ,& fynde ! swete bitt] "u ?is gyse :at webbes he ha? wr\ght well he p>ceve? :]eby ) himselfe on love he playne? t spurre? ) fy]3 & bridilli? ) ,ise4 7,anglia1 xviii4 #dfe47 ,comp>e ?is ) ! revis$ =m 9 ,tottel's edition3 ,avisyng ! bright beames ( ^? fayre eyes1 ,:]e he abides t m9e (t moi/es & wa%e?3 ,! w]i$ mynd /reight f ! h>t dep>te?1 ,to re/ )9 hys worldly ,p>adise1 ,& bitt] f9des ! swete1 "u ?is gyse4 ,:at webbes !re he ha? wr\ght1 well he preceave? ,:]eby !n ) him self on love he playne?1 ,t spurs wy? fire1 & brydle? eke ) yse4 7,arb] ,repr9t1 p4 #dj47 ,x appe>s t ?is revision 0 ! "w ( ! editor1 :o _h a bett] s5se ( true ,engli% rhy?m ?an ! poet himself4 ,als*]1 h[ev]1 9 8 "w on ,wyatt1 cont5ds t ,wyatt d\btless revis$ 8 own v]ses s z to give !m _! f9i%$ =m4 7,see ,sir ,?omas ,wyatt und ,se9e ,/ellung1 etc41 p4 #di47 ,o!r l9es 9 ,wyatt's v]se :]e ! numb] ( syllables is c\nt$ b :]e ! acc5ts are faulty1 are ^!3 ,! long love t 9 my ?\ght ,i h>b\r4 ,& !re campe? display+ 8 bann]4 ,& !re him hide? & n appe>e?4 ,= good is ! life1 end+ fai?fully4 ,ano!r l>ge gr\p ( hov]+ acc5ts is t =m$ by ,fr5* words ) su* t]m9ations z -our1 -ance1 -ace1 -age1 -ant1 -ess4 ,9 su* cases ! orig9al t5d5cy ( ! ^w 0 to acc5t ! f9al syllable2 b ! g5]al t5d5cy ( ,engli% acc5ts be+ recessive1 ! words (t5 pass$ ?r\gh a transitional p]iod :5 ! acc5t 0 v>iable or hov]+4 ,! fir/ ( ! f\r l9es j quot$ %[s u a ^w ( ?is "*4 ,= an int]e/+ pres5tation ( c]ta9 phases ( ! laws ( /ress 9 ,engli% v]se1 see ,rob]t ,bridges's ,milton's ,prosody 7ed4 #aija71 ,app5dix ,j1 on ! ,rules ( ,/ress ,rhy?ms4 ,b4--,,"t-,,int]vals ,! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ! rhy?m ( ,engli% v]se 7& inde$ ( any rhy?m7 is t ! acc5ts appe> at regul> "t-int]vals4 ,9 practice !re is ( c\rse great fre$om 9 dep>t+ f ?is regul>ity1 ! equal "t-int]vals be+ at times only a /&>d ( rhy?m to :i* ! v>y+ successions ( acc5t$ & unacc5t$ syllables are m5tally ref]r$4 ,:]e ! equal "t-int]vals are obs]v$ ) sub/antial regul>ity1 two sorts ( v]se are /ill to be cle>ly di/+ui%$3 t 9 :i* n only ! int]vals ( "t b ! numb]s ( syllables betwe5 ! acc5ts are sub/antially equal & regul>1 & t 9 :i* ! numb] ( syllables v>ies4 ,! latt] class is t ( ! native ,g]manic metres2 ! =m] is t ( ! ,romance metres1 & ( mod]n ,engli% v]se z influ5c$ by !m4 ,) ! developm5t ( regul>ity 9 ! c\nt+ ( syllables !re has p]haps also tak5 place a developm5t ( regul>ity 9 ! regul> c\nt+ ( ! "t-int]vals4 ,9 o!r words1 ! mod]n ,engli% read]1 :]e ! numb] ( syllables betwe5 acc5ts is v>iable1 makes ! "t-int]vals z ne>ly equal z possible by l5g!n+ & %ort5+ ! syllables 9 ! mann] p]mitt$ by ! fre$om ( ,engli% spee*2 9 e>ly ,engli% v]se1 :]e ! numb] ( syllables betwe5 acc5ts v>i$ v greatly1 we _c be sure t ! "t-int]vals 7 s accurately felt or pres]v$ 9 recitation4 i4 ,v]se %[+ fairly regul> int]vals betwe5 acc5ts ,avoid extremes2 & %un ! fault ( su* ,:o /ill are pleas'd too little or too mu*4 ,at e trifle scorn to take (f5ce1 ,t always %[s great pride1 or little s5se3 ,^? heads1 z /oma*s1 are n sure ! be/1 ,:i* nauseate all1 & no?+ c dige/4 ,yet let n ea* gay turn ?y rapture move2 ,= fools admire1 b m5 ( s5se approve3 ,z ?+s seem l>ge :i* we ?r\gh mi/ descry1 ,dulness is ev] apt to magnify4 7,,pope3 ,essay on ,criticism1 ll4 #chd-cic47 ,l\d]1 l\d] *ant ! lay-- ,wak51 lords & ladies gay6 ,tell !m y\? & mir? & glee ,run a c\rse z well z we2 ,"t1 /]n huntsman6 :o c baulk1 ,/aun* z h\nd & fleet z hawk2 ,?9k ( ?is1 & rise ) day1 ,g5tle lords & ladies gay6 7,,scott3 ,hunt+ ,song47 ,l>g] con/ellations burn+1 mell[ moons & happy skies1 ,bread?s ( tropic %ade & palms 9 clu/]1 knots ( ,p>adise4 7,,t5nyson3 ,locksley ,hall47 ,wild ,april1 enk9dl$ to laught] & /orm by ! kiss ( ! wilde/ ( w9ds t bl[1 ,calls l\d on 8 bro!r = witness2 8 h&s t 7 lad5 ) blossom are spr9kl$ ) sn[4 7,,sw9burne3 ,m>*47 ii4 ,v]se %[+ irregul> int]vals betwe5 acc5ts ,gegrette a gum5a gehwylcne1 hwate helm-b]5d1 h9deman sie1 swse gesiz3 ,nolde ic sweord b]an1 wp5 to wyrme1 gif ic wi/e hu wi am aglcean elles meahte gylpe wigripan1 swa ic gio wi ,gr5dle dyde2 ac ic r heau-fyres hates wene1 orees ond attres2 =on ic me on hafu bord ond byrnan4 ,nelle ic beorges we>d (]fleon fotes trem1 ac unc sceal weoran t wealle1 swa unc wyrd geteo1 ,metod manna gehws4 ,ic eom on mode f1 t ic wi "o gu-flogan gylp (]sitte4 7,be[ulf1 ll4 #beaf-bebh4 ab4 #gjj47 ,i* h]de m5 upo mold make mu*e mon1 h\ he be it5$ ( "h tilyynge3 gode y]es corn boe be agon1 ne kepe "h no sawe ne no song synge4 ,n\ we mote wor*e1 nis er non oer won1 mai i* no l5gore lyue wi mi les+e4 ,yet er is a bitt]ore bit to e bon1 = eu] e fure p5i mot to e kynge4#d 7,! ,f>m]'s ,compla9t1 ab4 #acjj2 9 ,bddek]'s ,alt5glis*e ,di*tung51 p4 #ajb1 & ,wright's ,political ,songs1 p4 #adi47 ,i w speake out al\de1 ,i c>e n :o he>e x3 ,sirs1 see t my h>nesse1 my t]gat & my %ield ,be made z bright n[ z :5 ,i 0 la/ 9 fielde1 ,z :ite z ,i %\lde to w>re aga9e to-morr[e2 ,= sicke %all ,i be b ,i worke "s folke sor[4 ,!re=e see t all %9e z bright z ,sa9ct ,george1 ,or z do? a key newly come f ! smi?s =ge4 7,n4 ,,udall3 ,ralph ,roi/] ,doi/]1 ,,iv4 iii4 #ac-ai4 #aeff47 ,to ?is1 ?is ,oake ca/ him to replie ,well z he c\?2 b 8 enemie ,_h k9dl$ su* coles ( displeasure1 ,t ! good man n\lde /ay 8 leasure1 ,b home him ha/$ ) furi\s heate1 ,encreas+ 8 wra? ) _m a ?reat3 ,8 h>mefull ,hat*et he h5t 9 h&1 7,alas6 t x s ready %\ld /&67 ,& to ! field alone he spe$e?1 7,aye little helpe to h>me !re ne$e?67 ,ang] n\ld let him speake to ! tree1 ,enaunt] 8 rage m\ght cool$ bee2 ,b to ! roote b5t 8 /urdie /roake1 ,& made _m w\nds 9 ! wa/e ,oake4 7,,sp5s]3 ,%eph]d's ,cal5d>1 ,febru>y4 #aegi47 ,?r\gh _m a d>k & dre>y vale ,!y pass$1 & _m a region dolor\s1 ,o'er _m a froz51 _m a fi]y ,alp1 ,rocks1 caves1 lakes1 f5s1 bogs1 d5s1 & %ades ( dea?-- ,a univ]se ( dea?1 :i* ,god by curse ,creat$ evil1 = evil only good2 ,:]e all life dies1 dea? lives1 & ,nature bre$s1 ,p]v]se1 all mon/r\s1 all prodigi\s ?+s1 ,abom9able1 inutt]able1 & worse ,?an fables yet h feign$1 or fe> conceiv$4 7,,milton3 ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,,ii4 #fah ff4 #affg47 ,! night is *ill2 ! =e/ b>e2 ,is x ! w9d t moane? bleak8 ,!re is n w9d en\gh 9 ! air ,to move away ! r+let curl ,f ! lovely lady's *eek-- ,!re is n w9d en\gh to twirl ,! "o r$ leaf1 ! la/ ( its clan1 ,t dances z (t5 z dance x c1 ,hang+ s light1 & hang+ s high1 ,on ! topmo/ twig t looks up at ! sky4 7,,col]idge3 ,*ri/abel1 ,"p ,i4 #ahaf47 ,9 8 ,preface to ?is poem ,col]idge said3 ,! metre ( ! ,*ri/abel is n1 prop]ly speak+1 irregul>1 ?\gh x may seem s f its be+ f\nd$ on a new pr9ciple2 namely1 t ( c\nt+ 9 ea* l9e ! acc5ts1 n ! syllables4 ,?\gh ! latt] may v>y f sev5 to twelve1 yet 9 ea* l9e ! acc5ts w be f\nd to be only f\r4 ,nev]!less ?is occasional v>iation 9 numb] ( syllables is n introduc$ wantonly1 or = ! m]e ends ( conv5i5ce1 b 9 correspond5ce ) "s transition1 9 ! nature ( ! imag]y or passion4 ,! v]se is accurately describ$1 b x has frequ5tly be5 po9t$ out z curi\s t ,col]idge %\ld h spok5 ( x z f\nd$ on a new pr9ciple1 :5 ! pr9ciple 9 "q 0 t ( native ,engli% v]se f ! e>lie/ times4#e ,= o!r specim5s ( v]se %[+ irregul>ity 9 ! numb] ( syllables betwe5 ! acc5ts1 see ,"p ,two1 "u ,non-syllable-c\nt+ ,f\r-/ress ,v]se4 iii4 ,sil5t ,"t-int]vals betwe5 ,syllables 7,pauses7 7a7 ,pauses n fill+ ! "t ( syllables4 ,mo/ ,engli% v]ses ( m ?an eight syllables are divid$ n only into ! "t-int]vals betwe5 ! acc5ts1 b also into two p>ts 7:i* ,s*ipp] calls rhy?mical s]ies7 by ! ,cesura4 ,! ,cesura is a pause n c\nt$ out ( ! regul> "t ( ! rhy?m1 b correspond+ to ! pauses betwe5 phrases 9 music1 & ne>ly always co9cid+ ) syntactical or rhetorical divisions ( ! s5t5ce4 ,! m$ial cesura is ! typical pause ( ?is k9d1 divid+ ! v]se into two p>ts ( approximately equal l5g?4 ,9 mu* e>ly ,engli% v]se1 & 9 ,fr5* v]se1 ?is m$ial cesura is almo/ univ]sal2 9 mod]n ,engli% v]se 7& 9 t ( "s e>ly poets1 notably ,*auc]7 !re is great fre$om 9 ! plac+ ( ! cesura1 & also 9 omitt+ x altoge!r4 ,! importance ( ?is matt] 9 ! hi/ory ( ,engli% decasyllabic v]se w appe> 9 ,"p ,two4 ,9 ! e>ly ,elizabe?an p]iod ! impression 0 /ill g5]al t !re %\ld be a regul> m$ial cesura4 ,sp5s] seems to h be5 ! fir/ to imitate ! great] fre$om ( ,*auc] 9 ?is reg>d4 ,see ! ,lat9 diss]tation on ,sp5s]'s v]se ( ,e4 ,leg\is 7,quomodo ,e4 ,sp5s]us1 etc41 ,p>is1 #ahif71 & ! summ>y ( its results by ,mr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,flet*] 9 ,mod]n ,language ,notes = ,novemb]1 #ahih4 ,sp5s]1 says ,mr4 ,flet*]1 reviv$ = 'h]oic v]se' ! neglect$ v>iety 9 unity ( 8 self-ackn[l$g$ ma/]1 ,*auc]4 ,9 ,gascoigne's ,notes ( ,in/ruction conc]n+ ! mak+ ( v]se or ryme 9 ,engli% 7#aege71 we f9d3 ,!re are also c]tayne pauses or re/es 9 a v]se :i*e may be call$ ,ceasures4444 ,9 m9e op9ion 9 a v]se ( eight sillables1 ! pause w /& be/ 9 ! midde/1 9 a v]se ( t5ne x w be plac$ at ! ende ( ! fir/ f\re sillables2 9 a v]se ( twelve1 9 ! mid/4444 ,9 ,ri?me royall1 x is at ! wryt]s discretion1 & =ce? n :]e ! pause be untill ! ende ( ! l9e4 ,?is great] lib]ty all[$ ! rime royal is d\btless due to ! influ5ce ( ,*auc] on t =m4 ,= ,gascoigne's practice 9 pr9t+ 8 v]se ) m$ial cesura1 ev5 )\t reg>d to rhetorical divisions1 see ! specim5 giv5 bel[4 ,ano!r int]e/+ ,elizabe?an acc\nt ( ! cesura is f\nd 9 ,putt5ham's ,arte ( ,engli% ,poesie 7#aehi71 :]e ! writ] comp>es ! v]se-pause to a /op made by a travel] at an inn = re/ & refre%m5t4 7,arb]'s ,repr9t1 p4 #hh47 ,specim5 ( ,fr5* alex&r9e1 %[+ ! regul> m$ial cesura3 ,trois fois c9quante j\rs le gnral naufrage ,dga/a l'univ]s2 en f9 d'un tel ravage ,l'immortel s'm\vant1 n'et pas sonn si tt ,la retraite des eaux que s\da9 flot sur flot ,elles gaign5t au pi$2 t\s les fleuves s'abaissant4 ,le m] r5tre en prison2 les montagnes r5aiss5t4 7,,du ,,b>tas3 ,la ,premire ,sema9e4 #aegi47 ,see fur!r1 on ! "* ( ! ,fr5* alex&r9e & its m$ial cesura1 9 ,"p ,two1 "u ,six-/ress ,v]se4 ,specim5 ( e>ly blank v]se pr9t$ ) regul> m$ial cesura3 ,o ,knights1 ,o ,squires1 ,o ,g5tle bl\ds yborne1 ,y 7 n borne1 al onely = y\r selves3 ,y\r c\ntrie claymes1 "s "p ( al y\r pa9es4 ,!re %\ld y live1 & !re9 %\ld y toyle1 ,to hold up "r1 & bani% cruel wrong1 ,to helpe ! pore1 to bridle backe ! ri*e1 ,to puni% vice1 & v]tue to advaunce1 ,to see ,god s]vde1 & ,belzebub suppre/4 ,y %\ld n tru/1 lieft5aunts 9 y\r rome1 ,& let !m sway1 ! scept] ( y\r *>ge1 ,:iles y 7meane :ile7 "k sc>cely :at is don1 ,nor yet c yeld1 accompt if y 7 callde4 7,,gascoigne3 ,! ,/eel ,glass1 ll4 #dci ff4 #aegf47 ,= specim5s ( regul> m$ial cesura1 & ( v>iable cesura1 9 mod]n v]se1 see "u ! ,decasyllabic ,c\plet & ,blank ,v]se1 9 ,"p ,two4 ,! ,cesura is call$ mascul9e :5 x foll[s an acc5t$ syllable4 7,= examples1 see previ\s specim5 f ,gascoigne47 ,x is call$ fem99e :5 x foll[s an unacc5t$ syllable4 ,two v>ieties ( ! fem99e cesura are also di/+ui%$3 ! ,lyric1 :5 ! pause occurs inside a foot2 e4g43 ,?is wick$ traitor1 :om ,i ?us accuse2 ! ,epic1 :5 ! pause occurs aft] an extra 7hyp]metrical7 light syllable2 e4g43 ,to ,cant]bury ) ful dev\t corage4 ,b h[ ( ,cawdor8 ! ?ane ( ,cawdor lives4 ,! epic cesura is q z *>act]i/ic ( dramatic blank v]se z ( epic4 ,! pause occurr+ at ! end ( a l9e is equally regul> ) ! m$ial pause1 & corresponds 9 ! same way to a phrase-pause 9 music4 ,x is an elem5t ( ! same "*1 !n1 z ! cesura1 ?\gh n be>+ ! same "n4 ,x co9cides less closely ?an ! cesura ) syntactical & rhetorical pauses4 ,:5 !re is no correspond+ syntactical or rhetorical pause at ! end ( ! l9e 79 o!r words1 :5 ! metrical pause m>k+ ! end ( ! v]se _c be prom95tly repres5t$ 9 read+ )\t int]f]+ ) ! expression ( ! s5se71 ! l9e is said to be run-on4 ,su* an end+ is also call$ enjambem5t4 ,! importance ( ?is di/9ction betwe5 end-/opp$ & run-on l9es w appe> 9 ! notes on ! ,decasyllabic ,c\plet & ,blank ,v]se1 9 ,"p ,two4 7b7 ,pauses fill+ ! "t ( syllables4 ,a second class ( sil5t "t-int]vals1 or pauses1 is to be di/+ui%$ f ! cesural pause by ! fact t 9 ?is case ! "t ( ! pause is c\nt$ 9 ! metrical s*eme4 ,pauses ( ?is class correspond to re/s 9 music2 & z 9 ! case ( su* re/s1 _! occurr5ce is exceptional4 ,( fu/ian he w]$ a gip\n ,al bismot]$ ) 8 hab]ge\n4 ,= him 0 lev] h at 8 b$des he$ ,tw5ty bokes1 clad 9 blak or re$4 7,,*auc]3 ,prologue to ,cant]bury ,tales1 #ge f4 & #bic f47 ,?is omission ( ! fir/ light syllable is *>act]i/ic ( ,*auc]'s c\plet & ( ,middle ,engli% v]se g5]ally4 7,see ,s*ipp]1 vol4 i4 p4 #dfb1 & t5 ,br9k's ,*auc]'s ,spra*e und ,v]skun/1 p4 #age47 ,9 mod]n v]se x is n usually p]mitt$4 ,! "t do? pass1 yet %all n my love4 7,,wyatt3 ,! joy s %ort1 alas67 ,! omitt$ syllable foll[+ ! m$ial pause is closely p>allel to t at ! beg9n+ ( ! v]se4 ,/ay6 ,! k+ ha? ?r[n 8 w>d] d[n4 7,ri*>d ,,ii1 ,i4 iii4 #aah47 ,kneel ?\ d[n1 ,philip4 ,b rise m great4 7,k+ ,john1 ,i4 i4 #afa47 ,9 drops ( sorr[4 ,sons1 k9sm51 ?anes4 7,macbe?1 ,i4 iv4 #ce47 ,?an ! s(t myrtle4 ,b man1 pr\d man4 7,measure = ,measure1 ,,ii4 ii4 #aag47 ,^! specim5s ( pauses 9 ,%aksp]e's v]se indicate ! natural v>ieties ( dramatic =m4 ,9 su* cases ! pause (t5 occurs betwe5 spee*es1 or :]e "s action is to be und]/ood z fill+ ! "t2 z 9 ! second in/ance1 :]e ! accolade is giv5 9 ! middle ( ! l9e4 7,see ,abbott's ,%akespe>ian ,gramm>1 pp4 #dac ff47 ,break1 break1 break1 ,on ?y cold gray /ones1 ,o ,sea6 ,& ,i w\ld t my tongue c\ld utt] ,! ?\ghts t arise 9 me4 7,,t5nyson3 ,break1 ,break1 ,break47 ,9 ,lani]'s ,sci5ce ( ,engli% ,v]se1 p4 #aja1 ?is /anza is repres5t$ 9 musical notation1 ) re/s1 to %[ t rhy?m may be dep5d5t on sil5ces4 ,%\ld auld acqua9tance be =got1 ,& nev] br\ght to m9d8 ,%\ld auld acqua9tance be =got1 ,& auld lang syne8 7,,burns3 ,auld ,lang ,syne47 ,"h ! syllables auld & lang may be reg>d$ z l5g!n$ s z to fill ! "t ( ! miss+ light syllables4 ,s 9 _m cases !re is a *oice betwe5 comp5satory l5g!n+ & comp5satory pause4 ,?us said ! ,"l 9 ! ,vault above ! ,*]ubim1 ,call+ to ! angels & ! s\ls 9 _! degree3 ,lo6 ,e>? has pass$ away ,on ! smoke ( ,judgm5t ,day4 ,t ,our ^w may be e/abli%$ %all ,we ga!r up ! sea8 ,l\d sang ! s\ls ( ! jolly1 jolly m>9]s3 ,plague ^u ! hurricane t made u furl & flee6 ,b ! w> is done betwe5 u1 ,9 ! deep ! ,"l ha? se5 u-- ,our bones we'll leave ! b>rac\t'1 & ,god may s9k ! sea6 7,,kipl+3 ,! ,la/ ,*antey47 ,?is is an in/ance ( a pause =m+ a regul> "p ( ! v]se-rhy?m4 ,?us 9 ! fir/ v]se ( ea* /anza ! second & six? syllables are omitt$1 & ! result gives ! *>act]i/ic effect ( ! rhy?m4 ,9 measures :]e !re is regul> catalexis 7t is1 :]e ! la/ light syllable ( ! v]se is regul>ly omitt$7 ! ph5om5on is really ( ! same k9d4 ,^!1 ^! w give ! _w ano!r he>t1 ,& o!r pulses4 ,he> ye n ! hum ,( mighty work+s8---- ,li/5 a:ile1 ye nations1 & be dumb4 7,keats3 ,sonnet to ,haydon47 ,call h] once be=e y g1-- ,call once yet6 ,9 a voice t %e w "k1-- ,m>g>et6 ,m>g>et6 ,*ildr5's voices %\ld be de> 7,call once m7 to a "m's e>2 ,*ildr5's voices1 wild ) pa91-- ,surely %e w come aga96 ,call h] once1 & come away2 ,?is way1 ?is way6444 ,come1 de> *ildr51 come away d[n3 ,call no m6 ,"o la/ look at ! :ite-wall$ t[n1 ,& ! little gray *ur* on ! w9dy %ore2 ,!n come d[n6 ,%e w n come1 ?\gh y call all day2 ,come away1 come away6 7,,mat!w ,,arnold3 ,! ,=sak5 ,m]man47 ,9 ?is specim5 no attempt has be5 made to indicate ! pauses1 z diff]5t read]s w\ld int]pret ! v]se v>i\sly4 ,x w be f\nd t ?is :ole poem is a /udy 9 delicate *anges & arrangem5ts ( "t-int]vals4 ,! f\r /resses *>act]i/ic ( ! rhy?m c be acc\nt$ = 9 su* %ort l9es z ! second & t5?1 prop]ly read4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,transactions ( ! ,philological ,society1 #ahge-gf4 #b ,accord+ to a m elaborate sy/em ,mr4 ,ellis recogniz$ n9e v>ieties ( =ce or /ress1 :i* he nam$ 9 ord] z foll[s3 subweak1 weak1 sup]weak1 submean1 mean1 sup]mean1 sub/rong1 /rong1 sup]/rong4 ,9 l mann] he nam$ n9e degrees ea* ( l5g?1 pit*1 weight1 & sil5ce4 ,l5g? & ,sil5ce are bo? t]ms ( duration ( "t4 ,! mean+ ( ,weight has n be5 g5]ally und]/ood1 nor is ! t]m ord9>ily recogniz$4 ,mr4 ,ellis describ$ x z due to expression & m5tal conceptions ( importance1 result+ p>tly f expression 9 deliv]y1 produc$ by quality ( tone & glid+ pit*1 & p>tly f ! m5tal effect ( ! con/ructional pr$om9ance ( conceptions4 ,on ?is :ole s*eme ( ,mr4 ,ellis's1 ,mr4 ,mayor rem>ks int]e/+ly3 ,:il/ ,i admire1 ,i ) difficulty repress a %udd] at ! elaborate app>atus he has provid$ = regi/]+ ! m9ute/ v>iations ( metrical /ress4 ,n only does he di/+ui% n9e diff]5t degrees ( =ce1 b !re are ! same numb] ( degrees ( l5g?1 pit*1 sil5ce1 & weight1 mak+ altoge!r =ty-five v>ieties ( /ress at ! disposal ( ! metri/ 444 ,if ! analysis ( rhy?m is s t]ribly complicat$1 let u ru% into ! arms ( ! intuitivi/s & tru/ to our e>s only1 = life is n long en\gh to admit ( *>act]iz+ l9es :5 !re are =ty-five expressions = ea* syllable to be consid]$4 7,*apt]s on ,engli% ,metre1 p4 #fi47 #c ,! t]m wr5*$ 0 us$ orig9ally1 x w\ld seem1 z "o ( reprobation4 ,?us ,putt5ham1 9 8 ,arte ( ,engli% ,poesie 7#aehi71 said2 ,!re c n be 9 a mak] a f[l] fault1 ?an to falsifie 8 acc5t to s]ve 8 cad5ce1 or by untrue or?ographie to wr5* 8 words to helpe 8 rime4 7,arb] ed41 p4 #id47 #d ,x is int]e/+ to comp>e ) ^! irregul> l9es ano!r /anza ( simil> =m1 ( ab\t ! same date1 f an ,elegy on ,edw>d ,i41 9 ,bddek]'s ,collection1 p4 #adj1 & ,wright's ,political ,songs1 p4 #bdf4 ,alle at beo ( hu]te trewe1 a /\nde h]kne to my song ( duel1 at de ha diht vs newe 7at make me syke ant sorewe among67 ( a knyht1 at wes s /rong1 ( :am god ha don ys wille2 me un*e at de ha don vs wrong1 at he s sone %al ligge /ille4 ,! comp>atively great regul>ity ( ! measures 9 ?is second /anza is due to ! fact t x 0 "u ! syllable-c\nt+ influ5ce ( ! ,fr5*1 be+ 9 fact a translation ( a ,fr5* orig9al4 #e ,leigh ,hunt said t ,col]idge saw ! mi/ake :i* _h be5 made ) reg>d to ?is measure1 & re/or$ x to ! beautiful fre$om ( :i* x 0 capable1 by call+ to m9d ! lib]ties all[$ its old musical pr(essors ! m9/rels1 & divid+ x by "t in/ead ( syllables4 7,see ! entire passage on ,*ri/abel1 9 ! ,introduction1 on ,:at is ,poetry81 to ,imag9ation & ,fancy4 ,= a criticism ( ! metrical /ructure ( ,*ri/abel1 see ,rob]t ,bridges's ,milton's ,prosody 7ed4 #aija1 pp4 #gc-ge747 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,foot ,,& ,,! ,,v]se ,engli% v]se is commonly measur$ by feet1 a det]m9ate numb] ( :i* g to =m a v]se or l9e4 ,! foot is det]m9$ by ! di/ance f "o acc5t$ syllable to ano!r 9 ! regul> s*eme ( ! metre4 ,! usual metrical feet are ei!r dissyllabic or trisyllabic4 ,! dissyllabic foot is commonly call$ an iambus 7or iamb7 if ! unacc5t$ syllable prec$es ! acc5t$1 & a tro*ee if ! acc5t$ prec$es ! unacc5t$4 ,! trisyllabic foot is commonly call$ an anape/ if ! two unacc5t$ syllables prec$e ! acc5t$ syllable1 & a dactyl if !y foll[ ! acc5t$ syllable4#f ,x w be obs]v$ t ! fundam5tal rhy?m ( bo? iambic & tro*aic v]se is ! same1 z is also t ( bo? anape/ic & dactylic v]se2 ! di/9ction belong+ only to ! metre z measur$ into regul> l9es4 ,iambic & anape/ic v]se 79 :i* ! light syllables commonly op5 ! v]se7 are sometimes call$ asc5d+ rhy?m2 tro*aic & dactylic v]se 79 :i* ! acc5t$ syllables commonly op5 ! v]se7 desc5d+ rhy?m4 ,asc5d+ rhy?m is v greatly 9 pr$om9ance 9 ,engli% poetry4 ,! normal v]se ( any poem is !re=e describ$ by indicat+ ! "n ( ! foot & ! numb] ( feet 9 ! v]se4 ,! numb] ( feet is always indicat$ by ! numb] ( /resses or pr9cipal acc5ts 9 ! normal v]se4 ,z ! light or unacc5t$ syllables may v>y f ! typical numb]1 x may also be necess>y to indicate t ! l9e is long] ?an its "n w\ld imply1 by reason ( ,fem99e ,end+ 7a light syllable add$ at ! end7 or ,anacrusis 7a light syllable prefix$72 or t x is %ort] ?an its "n w\ld indicate by reason ( ,catalexis or ,truncation 7! light syllable at ! end--or less frequ5tly at ! beg9n+--be+ omitt$74 ,9 l mann]1 any p>ticul> v]se or l9e is fully describ$ by indicat+3 7#a7 ! typical foot2 7#b7 ! numb] ( feet2 7#c7 ! place ( ! cesura2 7#d7 ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( a f9al pause 7end-/opp$ or run-on72 7#e7 ! pres5ce ( su* irregul>ities z 7a7 ,anacrusis or fem99e end+1 7b7 ,catalexis 7or truncation71 7c7 ,sub/itution ( exceptional feet = ! typical foot1 7d7 ,pauses o!r ?an ! cesural4 ,"o-/ress iambic4 ,?us ,i ,pass by ,& die ,z "o ,unkn[n ,& gone4 7,,h]rick3 ,^u 8 ,dep>ture ,h5ce4 #afdh47 7,9 comb9ation ) two-/ress & ?ree-/ress37 ,no m ,i'll vaunt1 ,= n[ ,i see ,?\ only ha/ ! p[] ,to f9d ,& b9d ,a he>t t's free1 ,& slave x 9 an h\r4 7,,h]rick3 ,8 ,recantation4 #afdh47 ,two-/ress iambic4 ,mo/ good1 mo/ fair1 ,or ?+s z r>e ,to call y 's lo/2 ,= all ! co/ ,words c be/[ ,s poorly %[1444 7,,drayton3 ,am\ret ,anacreontic4 ab4 #afjj47 ,because ,i d ,beg9 to woo1 ,sweet s++ ,l>k1 ,be ?\ ! cl]k1 ,& "k ?y :5 ,to say ,am54 7,,h]rick3 ,to ! ,l>k4 #afdh47 ,! rag+ rocks1 ,& %iv]+ %ocks1 ,%all break ! locks ,( prison-gates2 ,& ,phibbus' c> ,%all %9e f f>1 ,& make & m> ,! fooli% ,fates4 7,,%aksp]e3 ,bottom's song 9 ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream1 ,i4 ii4 ab4 #aeie47 7,9 comb9ation ) ?ree-/ress37 ,only a little m ,i h to write2 ,!n ,i'll give o'er1 ,& bid ! _w good-night4 ',tis b a fly+ m9ute ,t ,i mu/ /ay1 ,or l+] 9 x2 ,& !n ,i mu/ away4 7,,h]rick3 ,8 ,poetry 8 ,pill>4 #afdh47 ,9 ! second /anza we h ! same measure ) fem99e end+4 7,9 comb9ation ) f\r-/ress37 ,?us let me live1 unse51 unkn[n1 ,?us unlam5t$ let me die2 ,/eal f ! _w1 & n a /one ,tell :]e ,i lie4 7,,pope3 ,ode on ,solitude4 ab4 #agjj47 ,two-/ress tro*aic4 ,c\ld ,i cat* t ,nimble traitor1 ,scornful ,laura1 ,swift-foot ,laura1 ,soon !n w\ld ,i ,seek av5gem5t4 7,,campion3 ,anacreontics1 9 ,obs]vations 9 ! ,art ( ,engli% ,poesie4 #afjb47 7,9 comb9ation ) f\r-/ress37 ,du/ t cov]s ,long dead lov]s ,song bl[s (f ) brea? t bright5s2 ,at its fla%es ,_! :ite a%es ,bur/ 9 bloom t lives & light5s4 7,,sw9burne3 ,song 9 ,season47 7,catalectic1 & 9 comb9ation ) ?ree-/ress37 ,summ]'s cre/ ,r$-gold tress$1 ,corn-fl[]s peep+ "u2-- ,idle noons1 ,l+]+ moons1 ,sudd5 cl\d1 ,lightn+'s %r\d1 ,sudd5 ra91 ,quick aga9 ,smiles :]e late 0 ?und]4 7,,george ,,eliot3 ,song f ,! ,spani% ,gypsy1 ,bk4 i4 #ahfh47 ,! tro*aic measures 9 ,! ,spani% ,gypsy are 9 imitation ( ! simil> =ms 9 ,spani% poetry4 ,see p4 #aad1 bel[4 ,two-/ress anape/ic4 7,9 comb9ation ) ?ree-/ress37 ,l a gloomy /a9 ,on ! em]ald ma9 ,alpheus ru%$ beh9d1-- ,z an eagle pursu+ ,a dove to its ru9 ,d[n ! /reams ( ! cl\dy w9d4 7,,%elley3 ,are?usa4 #ahbj47 7,) fem99e end+37 ,he is gone on ! m\nta91 ,he is lo/ to ! =e/1 ,l a summ]-dri$ f\nta91 ,:5 our ne$ 0 ! sore/4 ,! font1 reappe>+1 ,f ! ra9drops %all borr[1 ,b to u comes no *e]+1 ,to ,duncan no morr[6 7,,scott3 ,corona*1 f ,! ,lady ( ! ,lake1 ,canto #c4 #ahaj47 7,9 comb9ation ) f\r-/ress37 ,fe> dea?8--to feel ! fog 9 my ?roat1 ,! mi/ 9 my face4 ,:5 ! sn[s beg91 & ! bla/s d5ote ,i am ne>+ ! place1 ,! p[] ( ! night1 ! press ( ! /orm1 ,! po/ ( ! foe2 ,:]e he /&s1 ! ,ar* ,fe> 9 a visible =m1 ,yet ! /rong man mu/ g4 7,,br[n+3 ,prospice4 #ahfd47 ,^! specim5s1 z is usual 9 anape/ic v]se1 %[ consid]able fre$om 9 ! treatm5t ( ! "p ( ! foot conta9+ ! light syllables1 sub/itut$ iambi be+ v common4 ,note ! iambi 9 ! ,%elley /anza1 l9e #a1 second foot1 & l9e #e1 fir/ foot4 ,9 ! latt] case1 h[ev]1 ! fir/ light syllable ( l9e #e is really suppli$ by ! syllable add$ to make ! fem99e end+ ( l9e #d4 ,9 l mann]1 9 ! ,scott /anza1 ! fir/ syllable ( l9e #h is really suppli$ by ! -+ ( l9e #g2 & :]e we h bo? fem99e end+ 79 l9e #a7 & a full anape/ foll[+1 ! effect is t ( a hyp]metrical syllable :i* mu/ be hurri$ ov] 9 ! read+4 ,9 ! specim5 f ,br[n+ we f9d an iambus 9 ! op5+ foot 9 l9es #b & #f 7also1 ( c\rse1 9 l9es #a & #e74 ,two-/ress dactylic4 ,"o m ,un=tunate1 ,we>y ( brea?1 ,ra%ly importunate1 ,gone to h] dea?6 ,take h] up t5d]ly1 ,lift h] ) c>e2 ,fa%ion$ s sl5d]ly1 ,"y1 & s fair6 7,,?omas ,,hood3 ,! ,bridge ( ,sighs4 ab4 #ahcj47 ,"h ! alt]nate l9es are catalectic1 bo? light syllables be+ want+4 ,cannon to "r ( !m1 ,cannon to left ( !m1 ,cannon 9 front ( !m ,volley'd & ?und]'d2 ,/orm'd at ) %ot & %ell1 ,boldly !y rode & well1 ,into ! jaws ( ,dea?1 ,into ! m\? ( ,hell ,rode ! six hundr$4 7,,t5nyson3 ,*>ge ( ! ,light ,brigade4 #ahed47 ,"h ! f\r? & n9? l9es are catalectic4 ,l\dly ! sailors *e]$ ,sv5d ( ! ,=k$ ,be>d1 ,z ) 8 fleet he /e]$ ,s\?w>d to ,v5dl&2 ,:]e ) _! c\rses haul$ ,all 7 toge!r call$1 ,"u ! ,isle ( ,svald ,ne> to ! ma9l&4 7,,longfell[3 ,saga ( ,k+ ,olaf1 xvii4 #ahfc47 ,9 ! read+ ( ^! /anzas f ,t5nyson & ,longfell[ !re is s m>k$ a /ress on ! f9al syllable z to make ! second dactyl 7except 9 ! op5+ l9es ( ! ,t5nyson /anza7 m l a ,cretic 79 ! classical t]m9ology72 i4e4 a foot made up ( two heavy syllables ) a light syllable betwe5 !m4 ,b no su* foot is g5]ally recogniz$ 9 ,engli% v]se4 ,two-/ress irregul>4 ,on ! gr\nd ,sleep s\nd3 ,i'll apply ,to y\r eye1 ,g5tle lov]1 rem$y4 ,:5 ?\ wak'/1 ,?\ tak'/ ,true delight ,9 ! sight ,( ?y =m] lady's eye4 7,,%aksp]e3 ,puck's ,song 9 ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream1 ,,iii4 ii4 ab4 #aeie47 ,:at ,i hate1 ,be consecrate ,to celebrate ,!e & ,?y /ate1 ,no mate ,= ,!e2 ,:at see ,= envy ,9 poor me8 7,,br[n+3 ,song 9 ,caliban ^u ,setebos4 #ahfd47 ,9 ! usual pr9t+ ( ,caliban ^u ,setebos ?is song is br\ght into ! =m ( ! five-acc5t l9es4 ,x is evid5tly int5d$1 h[ev]1 to be read 9 two-acc5t gr\ps4 ,pr(essor ,m\lton has rem>k$ int]e/+ly t ,br[n+ gives ! unique figure ( ,caliban n only a gramm> b a prosody ( 8 own4 ,?\gh my rime be ragg$1 ,tatt]$ & jagg$1 ,rudely ra9e-beat51 ,ru/y & mo?-eat52 ,if ye take wel !re)1 ,x ha? 9 x "s pi?4 7,,john ,,skelton3 ,colyn ,cl\te4 ab4 #aeaj47 ,?is is a specim5 ( :at ,mr4 ,*urton ,coll9s calls t headlong voluble brea?less doggrel :i*1 rattl+ & cla%+ on ?r\gh quick-recurr+ rhymes1 444 has tak5 f ! "n ( its au?or ! title ( ,skeltonical v]se4 7,w>d's ,engli% ,poets1 vol4 i4 p4 #ahe47 ,! numb] ( acc5ts1 z well z ! numb] ( syllables1 is irregul>1 be+ q z (t5 7p]haps m (t57 ?ree z two4 ,?ree-/ress iambic4 ,o let ! solid gr\nd ,n fail b5ea? my feet ,be=e my life has f\nd ,:at "s h f\nd s sweet2 ,!n let come :at come may1 ,:at matt] if ,i g mad1 ,i %all h _h my day4 7,,t5nyson3 ,song 9 ,maud1 xi4 #ahee47 7,9 comb9ation ) v]se ( f\r1 five1 & six /resses37 ,! ,oracles are dumb2 ,no voice or hide\s hum ,runs ?r\gh ! ar*$ ro( 9 words deceiv+4 ,apollo f 8 %r9e ,c no m div9e1 ,) holl[ %riek ! /eep ( ,delphos leav+3 ,no nightly trance or brea!d spell ,inspires ! pale-ey$ prie/ f ! prophetic cell4 7,,milton3 ,ode on ! ,morn+ ( ,*ri/'s ,nativity4 #afbi47 ,"h1 9 l9e #e1 we h an in/ance ( a v]se truncat$ at ! beg9n+1--r>e 9 mod]n ,engli% poetry4 7,) fem99e end+37 ,! m\nta9 %eep are sweet]1 ,b ! valley %eep are fatt]2 ,we !re=e deem$ x meet] ,to c>ry (f ! latt]4 ,we made an exp$ition2 ,we met an ho/ & quell$ x2 ,we =c$ a /rong position1 ,& kill$ ! m5 :o held x4 7,,?omas ,,love ,,peacock3 ,w> ,song ( ,d9as ,vawr1 f ,! ,mis=tunes ( ,elph94 #ahbi47 ,9 l9e #b is an in/ance ( anacrusis4 ,?ree-/ress tro*aic4 7,9 comb9ation ) iambic37 ,g :]e glory waits !e1 ,b1 :ile fame elates !e1 ,oh6 /ill rememb] me4 ,:5 ! praise ?\ meete/ ,to ?9e e> is sweete/1 ,oh6 !n rememb] me4 7,,?omas ,,moore3 ,g ,:]e ,glory ,waits ,!e4 ab4 #ahbj47 7,9 comb9ation ) six-/ress v]ses37 ,hail to !e1 bli! ,_s6 ,bird ?\ nev] w]t1 ,t f heav51 or ne> x1 ,p\re/ ?y full he>t ,9 pr(use /ra9s ( unprem$itat$ art4 ,high] /ill & high] ,f ! e>? ?\ spr+e/1 ,l a cl\d ( fire ,! blue deep ?\ w+e/1 ,& s++ /ill do/ so>1 & so>+ ev] s+e/4 7,,%elley3 ,to a ,skyl>k4 #ahbj47 ,"h l9es #b & #d are catalectic4 ,?ree-/ress anape/ic4 ,i am mon>* ( all ,i survey2 ,my "r !re is none to dispute2 ,f ! c5tre all r\nd to ! sea ,i am "l ( ! f[l & ! brute4 7,,c[p]3 ,v]ses suppos$ to be writt5 by ,alex&] ,selkirk4 #aghb47 ,9 ?is specim5 l9es #b1 #e1 #f1 & #h %[ initial truncation1 ! fir/ light syllable be+ miss+4 7,) two-/ress v]se37 ,8 desire is a dureless cont5t1 ,& a tru/less joy2 ,he is won ) a _w ( despair ,& is lo/ ) a toy4444 ,b true love is a durable fire1 ,9 ! m9d ev] burn+1 ,nev] sick1 nev] old1 nev] dead1 ,f itself nev] turn+4 7,,sir ,,walt] ,,raleigh 7873 ,pilgrim to ,pilgrim4 ,9 ,,ms4 ,rawl4 #he2 9 ,s*ell+'s ,elizabe?an ,lyrics1 p4 #c47 ,! metres ( ! e>li] ye>s ( ,elizabe?'s reign are s ov]:elm+ly iambic1 ,pr(essor ,s*ell+ obs]ves1 t ?is p]fectly metrical1 if some:at irregul>1 anap/ic movem5t comes l a surprise4 ,pr(essor ,gumm]e1 ( ,hav]=d ,college1 calls my att5tion to ?ree epigrams--pr9t$ among ! poems ( ,raleigh1 ed4 ,hannah1 p4 #ee--;all ( !m 9 m or less limp+ anap/s1 b n ( ?is measure4 ,x is q possible t ! "t to :i* ^! v]ses 7 sung may h affect$ ! measure4 7,notes to ,elizabe?an ,lyrics1 pp4 #baa1 #bab47 7,) initial truncation37 ,%e gaz$1 z ,i sl[ly )drew1 ,my pa? ,i c\ld h>dly disc]n2 ,s sweetly %e bade me adieu1 ,i ?\ght t %e bade me return4 7,,%5/one3 ,pa/oral ,ballad4 #agdc47 ,mr4 ,sa9tsbury praises highly ! anape/s ( ,%5/one 7,w>d's ,engli% ,poets1 vol4 iii4 p4 #bgb71 say+ t he taught ! metre to a great] poet ?an himself1 ,c[p]1 & ^! two betwe5 !m h writt5 almo/ ev]y?+ t is wor? read+ 9 x1 if we put av[$ p>ody & burlesque out ( ! "q4 ,b ?is is probably to be reg>d$ z ov]/at+ ! case4 7,) fem99e end+37 ,if y g ov] des]t & m\nta91 ,f> into ! c\ntry ( sorr[1 ,to-day & to-night & to-morr[1 ,& maybe = mon?s & = ye>s2 ,y %all come1 ) a he>t t is bur/+ ,= tr\ble & toil+ & ?ir/+1 ,y %all c]ta9ly come to ! f\nta9 ,at l5g?1--to ! ,f\nta9 ( ,te>s4 7,,ar?ur ,o',,%aughnessy3 ,! ,f\nta9 ( ,te>s4 #ahgj47 ,"h ! extra light syllable at ! end ( ! l9e is really ! initial light syllable ( ! foll[+ l9e1 z 9 ! specim5 on p4 #bi1 above4 ,s ?is is a psalm ( ! wat]s1-- ,! wav]+1 w&]+ wat]s3 ,) languages le>n$ 9 ! =e/1 ,) secrets ( e>?'s lonely cav]ns1 ,! my/ical wat]s g by me ,on err&s ( love & ( beauty1 ,on embassies fri5dly & g5tle1 ,) %imm] ( br[n & ( silv]4 7,s4 ,,weir ,,mit*ell3 ,a ,psalm ( ! ,wat]s4 #ahij47 ,"h1 also1 ! f9al light syllable might be said to take ! place ( ! miss+ initial syllable2 b ! /ructure ( ! v]se1 ) ! fact t ! initial anape/ is always truncat$ & t ! f9al syllable is nev] acc5t$1 indicates t ! v]se z x /&s is ! norm ( ! poem--?ree-/ress anape/ic1 ) initial truncation & fem99e end+4 ,?ree-/ress dactylic4 7,catalectic37 ,?is is a spray ! ,bird clung to1 ,mak+ x blossom ) pleasure1 ,ere ! high tree-top %e sprung to1 ,fit = h] ne/ & h] treasure4 7,,br[n+3 ,misconceptions4 #ahee47 ,f\r-/ress iambic4 7,= specim5s1 see ,"p ,two47 ,f\r-/ress tro*aic4 ,maid51 cr[n$ ) glossy blackness1 ,li! z pan!r =e/-roam+1 ,long-arm$ naiad1 :5 %e dances1 ,on a /ream ( e!r float+4 7,,george ,,eliot3 ,song f ,! ,spani% ,gypsy1 ,book i4 #ahfh47 ,we/w>d1 we/w>d ,hiawa?a ,sail$ into ! fi]y sunset1 ,sail$ into ! purple vapors1 ,sail$ into ! dusk ( ev5+4 7,,longfell[3 ,hiawa?a4 #ahee47 ,hon\r1 ri*es1 m>riage-bless+1 ,long cont9uance1 & increas+1 ,h\rly joys be /ill ^u y6 ,juno s+s h] bless+s on y4 7,,%aksp]e3 ,juno's ,song 9 ,! ,tempe/1 ,,iv4 i4 ab4 #afaj47 7,catalectic37 ,on a day1 alack ! day6 ,love1 ^: mon? is ev] ,may1 ,spi$ a blossom pass+ fair ,play+ 9 ! wanton air3 ,?r\gh ! velvet leaves ! w9d1 ,all unse51 c passage f9d2 ,t ! lov]1 sick to dea?1 ,wi% himself ! heav5's brea?4 7,,%aksp]e3 ,love's ,labor's ,lo/1 ,,iv4 #c4 ab4 #aeij47 ,ha/e !e1 ,nymph1 & br+ ) !e ,je/1 & y\?ful jollity1 ,quips & cranks & wanton wiles1 ,nods & becks & wrea!d smiles1 ,su* z hang on ,hebe's *eek1 ,& love to live 9 dimple sleek4 7,,milton3 ,l',allegro4 #afcd47 ,s\ls ( ,poets dead & gone1 ,:at ,elysium h ye kn[n1 ,happy field or mossy cav]n1 ,*oic] ?an ! ,m]maid ,tav]n8 ,h ye tippl$ dr9k m f9e ,?an m9e ho/'s ,can>y w9e8 ,or are fruits ( ,p>adise ,sweet] ?an ^? da9ty pies ,( v5ison8 ,o g5]\s food6 ,dre/ z ?\gh bold ,rob9 ,hood ,w\ld1 ) 8 maid ,m>ian1 ,sup & b[se f horn & c4 7,,keats3 ,l9es on ! ,m]maid ,tav]n4 #ahbj47 ,f\r-/ress anape/ic4 ,:at ,i speak1 my fair ,*loe1 & :at ,i write1 %[s ,! diff]5ce !re is betwixt nature & art3 ,i c\rt o!rs 9 v]se2 b ,i love !e 9 prose3 ,& !y h my :imsies2 b ?\ ha/ my he>t4 7,,prior3 ,a ,bett] ,answ]4 ab4 #agaj47 ,prior's anape/s well illu/rate ! appropriat5ess ( ! measure = light tripp+ effects1 su* z are s\ght v]s de socit4 ,see also ! measure ( ,goldsmi?'s ,retaliation1 especially ! passage beg9n+-- ,"h lies ,david ,g>rick1 describe me :o c2 ,an abridgm5t ( all t 0 pleasant 9 man4 ,! small birds rejoice 9 ! gre5 leaves return+1 ,! murmur+ /reamlet w9ds cle> ?r\gh ! vale2 ,! haw?orn trees bl[ 9 ! dews ( ! morn+1 ,& wild scatt]'d c[slips b$eck ! gre5 dale4 7,,burns3 ,! ,*evali]'s ,lam5t4 #aghh47 ,! ,assyrian came d[n l ! wolf on ! fold1 ,& 8 cohorts 7 gleam+ 9 purple & gold2 ,& ! %e5 ( _! spe>s 0 l />s on ! sea1 ,:5 ! blue wave rolls nightly on deep ,galilee4 7,,byron3 ,! ,de/ruction ( ,s5na*]ib4 #ahae47 7,) ?ree-/ress37 ,believe me1 if all ^? ende>+ "y *>ms1 ,:i* ,i gaze on s fondly to-day1 ,7 to *ange by to-morr[1 & fleet 9 my arms1 ,l fairy-gifts fad+ away1 ,?\ w\ld/ /ill be ador'd1 z ?is mom5t ?\ art1 ,let ?y lovel9ess fade z x w1 ,& ar\nd ! de> ru9 ea* wi% ( my he>t ,w\ld entw9e itself v]dantly /ill4 7,,?omas ,,moore3 ,believe me1 if all ^? ende>+ "y *>ms4 ab4 #ahbe47 f\r-/ress dactylic4 ,aft] ! pangs ( a desp]ate lov]1 ,:5 day & night ,i h sigh$ all 9 va92 ,ah1 :at a pleasure x is to discov] ,9 h] eyes pity1 :o causes my pa96 7,,dryd53 ,song 9 ,an ,ev5+'s ,love4 #affh47 ,( ?is song ,mr4 ,sa9tsbury says t x is "o ( ! r>e examples ( a real dactylic metre 9 ,engli%1 :]e ! dactyls are n1 z usual1 equally to be scann$ z anape/s4 7,life ( ,dryd51 ,m5 ( ,lett]s ,s]ies1 p4 #fb47 ,"h1 z almo/ always 9 ,engli%1 ! measure is catalectic1 a f9al dactyl be+ in/9ctively avoid$1 except 9 %ort two-/ress l9es4 ,w>riors & *iefs6 %\ld ! %aft or ! sword ,pi]ce me 9 lead+ ! ho/ ( ! ,"l1 ,he$ n ! corse1 ?\gh a k+'s1 9 y\r pa?3 ,bury y\r /eel 9 ! bosoms ( ,ga?6 7,,byron3 ,song ( ,saul be=e 8 ,la/ ,battle4 #ahae47 ,k5ti% ,sir ,byng /ood = 8 ,k+1 ,bidd+ ! crop-head$ ,p>liam5t sw+3 ,&1 press+ a troop1 unable to /oop ,& see ! rogues fl\ri% & hone/ folk droop1 ,m>*$ !m along1 fifty-score /rong1 ,great-he>t$ g5tlem51 s++ ?is song4 7,,br[n+3 ,cavali] ,tunes4 #ahdc47 ,"h ! metre is v>i$ int]e/+ly by pauses4 ,?us 9 l9es #a & #e ! light syllables ( ! second foot are :olly want+4 ,five-/ress iambic4 7,= specim5s1 see ,"p ,two47 ,five-/ress tro*aic4 ,:at1 !re's no?+ 9 ! moon notewor?y8 ,nay3 = if t moon c\ld love a mortal1 ,use1 to *>m him 7s to fit a fancy71 ,all h] magic 7'tis ! old sweet my?os71 ,%e w\ld turn a new side to h] mortal1 ,side unse5 ( h]dsman1 huntsman1 /e]sman-- ,blank to ,zoroa/] on 8 t]race1 ,bl9d to ,galileo on 8 turret1 ,dumb to ,hom]1 dumb to ,keats--him1 ev56 7,,br[n+3 ,"o ,^w ,m4 #ahee47 ,?is is a r>e specim5 ( unrim$ v]se 9 o!r ?an iambic rhy?m4 7,catalectic37 ,!n me?\ght ,i he>d a mell[ s\nd1 ,ga!r+ up f all ! l[] gr\nd2 ,n>r[+ 9 to :]e !y sat assembl$ ,l[ voluptu\s music w9d+ trembl$1 ,wov'n 9 circles3 !y t he>d x sigh$1 ,pant$1 h&-9-h& ) faces pale1 ,swung !mselves1 & 9 l[ tones repli$2 ,till ! f\nta9 sp\t$1 %[]+ wide ,sleet ( diamond-drift & pe>ly hail4 7,,t5nyson3 ,! ,vision ( ,s94 #ahdb47 ,five-/ress anape/ic4 ,z ?y ,love is discov]$ almighty1 almighty be prov$ ,?y p[]1 t exi/s ) & = x1 ( be+ belov$6 ,he :o did mo/1 %all be> mo/2 ! /ronge/ %all /& ! mo/ weak4 ',tis ! weakness 9 /r5g? t ,i cry =6 my fle%1 t ,i seek ,9 ! ,godhead6 ,i seek & ,i f9d x4 ,o ,saul1 x %all be ,a ,face l my face t receives !e2 a ,man l to me1 ,?\ %alt love & be lov$ by1 =ev]3 a ,h& l ?is h& ,%all ?r[ op5 ! gates ( new life to !e6 ,see ! ,*ri/ /&6 7,,br[n+3 ,saul4 #ahde47 ,let x flame or fade1 & ! w> roll d[n l a w9d1 ,we h prov$ we h he>ts 9 a cause1 we are noble /ill1 ,& myself h awak$1 z x seems1 to ! bett] m9d2 ,x is bett] to fight = ! good ?an to rail at ! ill2 ,i h felt ) my native l&1 ,i am "o ) my k9d1 ,i embrace ! purpose ( ,god1 & ! doom assign'd4 7,,t5nyson3 ,maud1 ,,iii4 vi4 #ahee47 ,"h frequ5t iambi are sub/itut$ = anape/s2 z 9 l9e #a1 second & f\r? feet2 l9es #b & #c1 fif? foot2 l9e #e1 ?ird foot4 ,five-/ress dactylic4 ,?is =m is almo/ unkn[n4 ,9 ! foll[+ l9es we f9d five-/ress catalectic v]se ( dactyls & tro*ees comb9$3 ,surely ! ?\ght 9 a man's he>t hopes or fe>s ,n[ t =getfulness ne$s mu/ "h h /rick5 ,angui%1 & sweet5$ ! seal$-up spr+s ( te>s4 7,,sw9burne3 ,a ,c5tury ( ,r\ndels47 ,six-/ress iambic4 7,= specim5s1 see ,"p ,two47 ,six-/ress tro*aic4 7,) alt]nate l9es catalectic37 ,day by day ?y %ad[ %9es 9 heav5 behold51 ,ev5 ! sun1 ! %9+ %ad[ ( ?y face3 ,k+1 ! ways ( heav5 be=e ?y feet gr[ gold52 ,god1 ! s\l ( e>? is k9dl$ ) ?y grace4 7,,sw9burne3 ,! ,la/ ,oracle47 ,six-/ress anape/ic4 ,= ,i tru/ if an enemy's fleet came yond] r\nd by ! hill1 ,& ! ru%+ battle-bolt sang f ! ?ree-deck] out ( ! foam1 ,t ! smoo?-fac$ snubnos$ rogue w\ld leap f 8 c\nt] & till1 ,& /rike1 if he c\ld1 7 x b ) 8 *eat+ y>d-w&1 home4 7,,t5nyson3 ,maud1 ,i4 i4 #ahee47 7,see note on p4 #da47 ,all "u ! deeps ( ! d>kness are glimm]+3 all ov] imp5ds ,an immeasurable inf9ite fl[] ( ! d>k t dilates & desc5ds1 ,t exalts & exp&s 9 its brea?less & bl9d effloresc5ce ( he>t ,z x broad5s & b[s to ! wave-w>d1 & brea!s n1 & he>k5s ap>t4 7,,sw9burne3 ,! ,g>d5 ( ,cymodoce1 9 ,songs ( ! ,spr+tides47 ,six-/ress dactylic4 7,= ?is1 see *iefly ,"p ,two47 7,catalectic37 ,dosn't ?\ 'e> my 'erse's legs1 z !y cant]s awaay8 ,proputty1 proputty1 proputty--t's :at ,i 'e>s 'em saay4 ,proputty1 proputty1 proputty--,sam1 ?\'s an ass = ?y paa9s3 ,!]'s moor s5se i' "o o' 'is legs nor 9 all ?y braa9s4 7,,t5nyson3 ,nor!rn ,f>m]--new /yle4 ab4 #ahfj47 ,!e ,i behold z a bird borne 9 ) ! w9d f ! we/1 ,/raight f ! sunset1 across :ite waves :5ce rose z a daught] ,v5us ?y "m1 9 ye>s :5 ! _w 0 a wat] at re/4 7,,sw9burne3 ,hesp]ia47 ,sev5-/ress iambic4 ,!re's n a joy ! _w c give l t x takes away ,:5 ! gl[ ( e>ly ?\ght decl9es 9 feel+'s dull decay2 ',tis n on y\?'s smoo? *eek ! blu% alone1 :i* fades s fa/1 ,b ! t5d] bloom ( he>t is gone1 ere y\? itself be pa/4 7,,byron3 ,/anzas = ,music4 #ahae47 ,"h we h anacrusis 9 l9es #b & #d4 ,beyond ! pa? ( ! outmo/ sun1 ?r\gh utt] d>kness hurl$-- ,fur!r ?an ev] comet fl>$ or vagrant />-du/ swirl$-- ,live su* z f\ght & sail$ & rul$ & lov$ & made our _w4 7,,kipl+3 ,wolcott ,bale/i]47 7,see also "u ,sev5-/ress ,v]se1 9 ,"p ,two47 ,sev5-/ress tro*aic4 7,catalectic37 ,cle> ! way1 my lords & lackeys1 y h _h y\r day4 ,"h y h y\r answ]1 ,engl&'s yea aga9/ y\r nay2 ,long en\gh y\r h\se has held y3 up1 & cle> ! way6 7,,sw9burne3 ,cle> ! ,way47 ,sev5-/ress anape/ic4 7,) fem99e end+37 ,come on !n1 ye dwell]s by nature 9 d>kness1 & l to ! leaves' g5]ations1 ,t are little ( might1 t are m\ld$ ( mire1 un5dur+ & %ad[like nations1 ,poor plumeless ephem]als1 com=tless mortals1 z visions ( creatures fa/ flee+1 ,lift up y\r m9d unto u t are dea?less1 & dateless ! date ( our be+4 7,,sw9burne3 ,! ,birds1 f ,ari/ophanes47 ,( ?is translation ,mr4 ,sw9burne says t x 0 und]tak5 f a consid]ation ( ! fact t ! m>vell\s metrical inv5tion ( ! anape/ic heptamet] 0 almo/ exactly reproducible 9 a language to :i* all v>iations & comb9ations ( anape/ic1 iambic1 or tro*aic metre are z natural & pliable z all dactylic & spondaic =ms ( v]se are unnatural & abhorr5t4 444 ,i h n attempt$1 he says fur!r1 ! impossible & undesirable task ( reproduc+ ! r>e exceptional effect ( a l9e ov]*>g$ on purpose ) a prepond]ance ( heavy-foot$ spondees4444 ,my ma9 desire 444 0 to r5ew z f> z possible = ,engli% e>s ! music ( ?is resonant & triumphant metre1 :i* goes r++ at full gallop z ( horses :o 'dance z 'tw]e to ! music ,_! own ho(s make4' 7,/udies 9 ,song1 p4 #fh47 ,sev5-/ress dactylic4 ,?is =m ( v]se may be said to be want+4 ,s*ipp] quotes z possible examples "s l9es :i* 7z he rem>ks7 seem to be made m]ely = ! metrical purpose3 ,out ( ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ %all be ga!r$1 by angels o'er ,satan victori\s1 ,all t (f5de?1 t lie?1 t faile? to honor 8 "n ev] glori\s4 7,englis*e ,metrik1 vol4 ii4 p4 #dai47 ,eight-/ress iambic4 ,?is is almo/ unkn[n 9 ,engli% v]se1 because :]e conceivably occurr+ x %[s an irresi/ible t5d5cy to break up into two halves ( f\r /resses ea*4 ,william ,webbe1 9 8 ,disc\rse ( ,engli% ,poetrie 7#aehf71 quot$ ^! l9es z ! longe/ v]se 9 l5g? :i* ,i h se5 us$ 9 ,engli%3 ,:]e virtue wants & vice ab\nds1 !re weal? is b a bait$ hook1 ,to make m5 swall[ d[n _! bane1 be=e on dang] deep !y look4 ,eight-/ress tro*aic4 7,catalectic37 ,love took up ! glass ( ,"t1 & turn'd x 9 8 gl[+ h&s2 ,e mom5t1 lightly %ak51 ran itself 9 gold5 s&s4 ,love took up ! h>p ( ,life1 & smote on all ! *ords ) might2 ,smote ! *ord ( ,self1 t1 trembl+1 pass'd 9 music out ( sight4 7,,t5nyson3 ,locksley ,hall4 #ahdb47 ,op5 !n ,i flung ! %utt]1 :51 ) _m a flirt & flutt]1 ,9 !re /epp$ a /ately rav5 ( ! sa9tly days ( yore4 ,n ! lea/ obeisance made he2 n an in/ant /opp$ or /ay$ he2 ,b1 ) mi5 ( "l or lady1 p]*$ above my *amb] door1-- ,p]*$ ^u a bu/ ( ,pallas1 j above my *amb] door4 7,,poe3 ,! ,rav54 #ahde47 ,night1 9 utmo/ noon =lorn & /rong1 ) he>t a?ir/ & fa/+1 ,hung]s "h1 b>r$ up =ev]1 :5ce z "o :om dreams affright1 ,day recoils be=e ! l[-br[$ l9tel ?reat5+ doom & ca/+ ,night4 7,,sw9burne3 ,night 9 ,gu]nsey47 ,9 ! la/ l9e ( ?is specim5 we h a n9e-acc5t v]se1--v r>e 9 ,engli% poetry4 ,! t5d5cy ( all eight-acc5t l9es be+ to break up into halves ( f\r acc5ts1 ! di/9ction betwe5 f\r-/ress & eight-/ress v]se may be at times only a "q ( pr9t+4 ,?us1 ,?ack]ay's ,sorr[s ( ,w]!r might be reg>d$ z eight-/ress tro*aic1 ?\gh commonly pr9t$ 9 %ort l9es3 ,w]!r _h a love = ,*>lotte ,su* z words c\ld nev] utt]4 ,w\ld y "k h[ fir/ he saw h]8 ,%e 0 cutt+ bread & butt]4 ,eight-/ress anape/ic4 ,ere fro/-fl[] & sn[-blossom fad$ & fell1 & ! spl5dor ( w9t] _h pass$ out ( sight1 ,! ways ( ! woodl&s 7 fair] & /rang] ?an dreams t fulfil u 9 sleep ) delight2 ,! brea? ( ! m\?s ( ! w9ds _h h>d5$ on tree-tops & bran*es t glitt]$ & sway$ ,su* wond]s & glories ( blossomlike sn[1 or ( fro/ t out-light5s all fl[]s till x fade1 ,t ! sea 0 n loveli] ?an "h 0 ! l&1 nor ! night ?an ! day1 nor ! day ?an ! night1 ,nor ! w9t] sublim] ) /orm ?an ! spr+3 su* mir? _h ! madness & might 9 !e made1 ,m>*1 ma/] ( w9ds1 bright m9/rel & m>%al ( /orms t enk9dle ! season !y smite4 7,,sw9burne3 ,m>*47 ,eight-/ress dactylic4 ,onw>d & onw>d ! highway runs to ! di/ant city1 impati5tly be>+ ,tid+s ( human joy & disa/]1 ( love & ( hate1 ( do+ & d>+4 7,,longfell[3 ,gold5 ,leg5d1 iv4 #ahea47 ,! brea?lessly cont9u\s "* ( su* long anape/ic or dactylic l9es may ( c\rse be int]rupt$1 by way ( relief1 by ! sub/itution ( iambi or tro*ees4 ,9 ! specim5 f ,sw9burne su* a re/+-place is f\nd 9 l9e #c1 :]e a light syllable is omitt$ aft] w9ds4 ,9 ! specim5 f ,longfell[ ! words high-way1 di/ant1 human1 ( c\rse1 fill ! places ( complete dactyls4 ,,comb9ations ,,& ,,sub/itutions i4 ,v]ses 9 :i* diff]5t sorts ( feet are m or less regul>ly comb9$4 ,9 ! morn+1 ,o s e>ly1 my belov$1 my belov$1 ,all ! birds 7 s++ bli!ly1 z if nev] !y w\ld cease3 ',twas a ?ru% sang 9 my g>d51 ,he> ! /ory1 he> ! /ory6 ,& ! l>k sang ,give u glory6 & ! dove said ,give u peace4 7,,jean ,,+el[3 ,give u ,love & ,give u ,peace47 ,fair is our lot--,o goodly is our h]itage6 7,humble ye1 my p1 & be fe>ful 9 y\r mir?67 ,= ! ,"l our ,god ,mo/ ,high ,he ha? made ! deep z dry1 ,he ha? smote = u a pa?way to ! ends ( all ! ,e>?6 7,,kipl+3 ,a ,song ( ! ,engli%47 ,9 bo? ^! specim5s ! full acc5t regul>ly recurs 9 only ! alt]nate feet4 ,?us :ile ! fir/ specim5 is te*nically eight-/ress tro*aic1 !re are 9 ! normal read+ ( x only f\r full acc5ts to ! l9e4 ,9 o!r words ! fir/1 ?ird1 fif?1 & sev5? feet are regul>ly pyrrhics4 7,see p4 #ee47 ,! same ?+ appe>s 9 ! specim5 f ,kipl+3 ye1 &1 9 79 l9e #b7 are acc5t$ only 9 a di/9ctly second>y fa%ion4 ,"s h sugge/$1 = su* rhy?ms z ^!1 ! recognition ( a foot made up ( "o /ress$ & ?ree un/ress$ syllables4 ,lani] repres5ts su* measures 79 ,! ,sci5ce ( ,engli% ,v]se7 9 f\r-eight "t4 ,fe> dea?8--to feel ! fog 9 my ?roat1 ,! mi/ 9 my face1 ,:5 ! sn[s beg91 & ! bla/s d5ote ,i am ne>+ ! place1 ,! p[] ( ! night1 ! press ( ! /orm1 ,! po/ ( ! foe2 ,:]e he /&s1 ! ,ar* ,fe> 9 a visible =m1 ,yet ! /rong man mu/ g4 7,,br[n+3 ,prospice47 ,"h ! t5d5cy is to use iambi & anape/s 9 alt]nate feet2 see especially l9es #b1 #c1 & #e4 ,all we h will$ or hop$ or dream$ ( good1 %all exi/2 ,n its semblance1 b itself2 no beauty1 nor good1 nor p[] ,^: voice has gone =?1 b ea* survives = ! melodi/ ,:5 et]nity affirms ! conception ( an h\r4 ,! high t prov$ too high1 ! h]oic = e>? too h>d1 ,! passion t left ! gr\nd to lose itself 9 ! sky1 ,are music s5t up to ,god by ! lov] & ! b>d2 ,en\gh t ,he he>d x once3 we %all he> x by-&-by4 7,,br[n+3 ,abt ,vogl]47 ,"h we h a hexamet] :i* is nei!r iambic nor anape/ic1 b a comb9ation ( ! two rhy?ms4 ,s 9 ! foll[+ specim5s dissyllabic & trisyllabic feet are us$ int]*angeably4 ,:5 ! lamp is %att]'d ,! light 9 ! du/ lies dead-- ,:5 ! cl\d is scatt]'d ,! ra9b['s glory is %$4 ,:5 ! lute is brok51 ,sweet tones are rememb]'d n2 ,:5 ! lips h spok51 ,lov$ acc5ts are soon =got4 7,,%elley3 ,! ,flight ( ,love47 ,! sea is at ebb1 & ! s\nd ( h] utmo/ ^w ,is s(t at ! lea/ wave's lapse 9 a /ill small rea*4 ,f bay unto bay1 on que/ ( a goal def]r$1 ,f headl& ev] to headl& & brea* to brea*1 ,:]e e>? gives e> to ! message t all days prea*4 7,,sw9burne3 ,! ,seabo>d47 ,engl&1 none t is born ?y son1 & lives1 by grace ( ?y glory1 free1 ,lives & ye>ns n at he>t & burns ) hope to s]ve z he wor%ips !e2 ,none may s+ !e3 ! sea-bird's w+ beats d[n our songs z x hails ! sea4 7,,sw9burne3 ,! ,armada1 vii47 ,?is life ( ours is a wild olian h>p ( _m a joy\s /ra91 ,b "u !m all !re runs a l\d p]petual wail1 z ( s\ls 9 pa94 7,,longfell[3 ,! ,gold5 ,leg5d1 iv47 ,come away1 come away1 ,dea?1 ,& 9 sad cypress let me be laid2 ,fly away1 fly away1 brea?2 ,i am sla9 by a fair cruel maid4 ,my %r\d ( :ite1 /uck all ) yew1 ,o prep>e x6 ,my "p ( dea?1 no "o s true ,did %>e x4 7,,%aksp]e3 ,twelf? ,night1 ,,ii4 iv47 ,! *>act]i/ic irregul>ity 9 ?is /anza is ! v>iation f tro*aic to iambic rhy?m4 ,9 ?is case ! v>iations are 9 "p due1 no d\bt1 to ! fact t ! words 7 writt5 = music4 ,maud ) h] exquisite face1 ,& wild voice peal+ up to ! sunny sky1 ,& feet l sunny gems on an ,engli% gre51 ,maud 9 ! light ( h] y\? & h] grace1 ,s++ ( ,dea?1 & ( ,honor t _c die1 ,till ,i well c\ld weep = a "t s sordid & mean ,& myself s languid & base4 7,,t5nyson3 ,maud1 ,i4 v47 ,9 ?is specim5 ! *>act]i/ic rhy?m ( l9es #a1 #d1 & #e is dactylic1 t ( ! rema9d] anape/ic-iambic4 ,! trumpet's l\d clangor ,excites u to arms ,) %rill notes ( ang] ,& mortal al>ms4 ,! d\ble d\ble d\ble beat ,( ! ?und]+ drum ,cries1 h>k6 ! foes come2 ,*>ge1 *>ge1 'tis too late to retreat4 ,! s(t compla9+ flute ,9 dy+ notes discov]s ,! woes ( helpless lov]s1 ,^: dirge is :isp]$ by ! w>bl+ lute4 7,,dryd53 ,song = ,/4 ,cecilia's ,day1 #afhg47 ,9 ?is fam\s /anza ! rhy?m *anges = obvi\s purposes ( imitative repres5tation4 ,*ildr5 de>1 0 x ye/]day 7,call yet once7 t %e w5t away8 ,once %e sate ) y & me1 ,on a r$ gold ?rone 9 ! he>t ( ! sea1 ,& ! y\nge/ sate on h] knee4 ,%e comb$ its bright hair1 & %e t5d$ x well1 ,:5 d[n swung ! s\nd ( a f>-(f bell4 ,%e sigh$1 %e look$ up ?r\gh ! cle> gre5 sea2 ,%e said1 ,i mu/ g1 = my k9sfolk pray ,9 ! little gray *ur* on ! %ore to-day4 ',twill be ,ea/]-"t 9 ! _w--ah me6 ,& ,i lose my poor s\l1 ,m]man6 "h ) !e4 ,i said1 ,g up1 de> he>t1 ?r\gh ! waves2 ,say ?y pray]1 & come back to ! k9d sea-caves6 ,%e smil$1 %e w5t up ?r\gh ! surf 9 ! bay4 ,*ildr5 de>1 0 x ye/]day8 444 ,d[n1 d[n1 d[n6 ,d[n to ! dep?s ( ! sea6 ,%e sits at h] :eel 9 ! humm+ t[n1 ,s++ mo/ joyfully4 ,h>k :at %e s+s3 ,o joy1 ,o joy1 ,= ! humm+ /reet1 & ! *ild ) its toy6 ,= ! prie/1 & ! bell1 & ! holy well2 ,= ! :eel :]e ,i spun1 ,& ! bless$ light ( ! sun6 ,& s %e s+s h] fill1 ,s++ mo/ joyfully1 ,till ! sp9dle drops f h] h&1 ,& ! :izz+ :eel /&s /ill4 ,%e /eals to ! w9d[1 & looks at ! s&1 ,& ov] ! s& at ! sea2 ,& h] eyes are set 9 a />e2 ,& anon !re breaks a sigh1 ,& anon !re drops a te>1 ,f a sorr[-cl\d$ eye1 ,& a he>t sorr[-lad51 ,a long1 long sigh1 ,= ! cold /range eyes ( a little m]maid51 ,& ! gleam ( h] gold5 hair4 7,,mat!w ,,arnold3 ,! ,=sak5 ,m]man47 ,!n ! music t\*'d ! gates & di$2 ,rose aga9 f :]e x seem'd to fail1 ,/orm'd 9 orbs ( song1 a gr[+ gale2 ,till ?rong+ 9 & 91 to :]e !y wait$1 ,z 'tw]e a hundr$-?roat$ night+ale1 ,! /rong tempe/u\s treble ?robb$ & palpitat$2 ,ran into its giddie/ :irl ( s\nd1 ,caught ! sp>kles1 & 9 circles1 ,purple gauzes1 gold5 hazes1 liquid mazes1 ,flung ! torr5t ra9b[ r\nd3 ,!n !y />t$ f _! places1 ,mov$ ) viol5ce1 *ang$ 9 hue1 ,caught ea* o!r ) wild grimaces1 ,half-invisible to ! view1 ,:eel+ ) precipitate paces ,to ! melody1 till !y flew1 ,hair1 & eyes1 & limbs1 & faces1 ,twi/$ h>d 9 fi]ce embraces1 ,l to ,furies1 l to ,graces1 ,da%'d toge!r 9 bl9d+ dew4 7,,t5nyson3 ,vision ( ,s947 ii4 ,v]ses 9 :i* individual feet are alt]$ f ! metrical s*eme4 ,ev5 9 metre exhibit+ no m>k$ irregul>ities1 x is ( c\rse r exceptional ?an o!rwise to f9d all ! feet 9 a v]se con=m+ to ! type-foot ( ! metre4 ,dep>tures f ! typical metre may be conv5i5tly classifi$ 9 five gr\ps3 ,defici5cy 9 acc5t2 excess ( acc5t2 inv]sion ( acc5t2 light syllable add$ to dissyllabic foot2 light syllable omitt$ 9 trisyllabic foot4 ,defici5cy ( acc5t is ! mo/ common ( all ! v>iations1 if we und]/& by acc5t su* syllabic /ress z w\ld be ord9>ily appreciable 9 ! read+ ( ! ^w 9 "q4 ,x w\ld be safe to say t 9 ,engli% five-/ress iambic v]se1 read ) only ! ord9>y etymological & rhetorical acc5ts1 tw5ty-five p] c5t ( ! v]ses lack ! full five /resses *>act]i/ic ( ! type4 ,9 _m cases1 too1 a foot ) defici5cy 9 /ress is comp5sat$ = by ano!r foot 9 ! same v]se %[+ excess ( /ress4 ,feet ?us defici5t 9 /ress may conv5i5tly be call$ pyrrhics1 ! pyrrhic be+ und]/ood z made up ( two un/ress$ syllables4 ,?is t]m has nev] become fully dome/icat$ 9 ,engli% prosody1 & "s object to its use on ! gr\nd t we h no feet :olly )\t /ress4 ,its use 9 ! s5se j indicat$1 h[ev]1 seems to be an unque/ionable conv5i5ce4 ,excess ( acc5t1 :ile less common ?an defici5cy ( acc5t1 is ev5 m easily recognizable4 ,! foot conta9+ two /ress$ syllables1 ev5 ?\gh "o ( ! /resses may be di/9ctly /rong] ?an ! o!r1 may conv5i5tly be call$ a spondee4 ,inv]sion ( acc5t is exce$+ly famili>1 especially at ! beg9n+ ( ! v]se & aft] ! m$ial pause4 ,x consi/s1 te*nically speak+1 9 ! sub/itution ( a tro*ee = an iambus or an iambus = a tro*ee 7! latt] v r>ely74 ,a light syllable ins]t$ 9 dissyllabic measure is n unusual1 ?\gh by no means s common z ! v>iations previ\sly enum]at$4 ,su* a syllable is frequ5tly spok5 ( z hyp]metrical2 or1 ! v>iation may be consid]$ z ! sub/itution ( an anape/ = an iambus1 9 iambic measure1 or ! sub/itution ( a dactyl = a tro*ee1 9 tro*aic measure4 ,! omission ( "o ( ! two light syllables f ! foot 9 trisyllabic v]se is s common z to make x difficult to f9d pure anape/ic or dactylic v]se 9 ,engli%4 ,?is fact is due 9 "p to pref]5ce = dissyllabic measures1 & 9 "p to ! usual indiff]5ce1 9 all ,g]manic v]se1 to accuracy 9 ! numb] ( light syllables4 ,! v>iation may frequ5tly be reg>d$ z involv+ a prolongation ( ! light syllable ( ! foot1 or a pause equal to ! "t ( ! omitt$ syllable2 te*nically speak+1 x consi/s 9 ! sub/itution ( an iambus = an anape/1 or a tro*ee = a dactyl4 ,examples ( all ^! v>iations may be/ be f\nd 9 ! specim5s ( v]se includ$ 9 ! prec$+ pages4 ,a few specim5s ( detail are add$ "h1 = ! sake ( great] cle>ness4 ,defici5cy 9 acc5t 7sub/itut$ pyrrhic74 ,to fur!r ?is1 ,a*itophel unites ,! malcont5ts ( all ! ,israelites1 ,^: diff]+ p>ties he c\ld wisely jo9 ,= sev]al ends to s]ve ! same design2 ,! be/ 7& ( ! pr9ces "s 7 su*7 ,:o ?\ght ! p[] ( monar*y too mu*2 ,mi/ak5 m5 & patriots 9 _! he>ts1 ,n wicked1 b s$uc$ by impi\s arts2 ,by ^! ! spr+s ( property 7 b5t1 ,& w\nd s high !y crack'd ! governm5t4 7,,dryd53 ,absalom & ,a*itophel1 ,i47 ,excess ( acc5t 7sub/itut$ spondee74 ,& t5 l[ words (t creep 9 "o dull l9e4 7,,pope3 ,essay on ,criticism47 ,rocks1 caves1 lakes1 f5s1 bogs1 d5s1 & %ades ( dea?4 7,,milton3 ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,,ii4 #fba47 ,see1 see :]e ,*ri/'s blood /reams 9 ! firmam5t6 7,,m>l[e3 ,fau/us1 sc4 xvi47 ,o great1 j1 good ,god6 ,miserable me6 7,,br[n+3 ,! ,r+ & ! ,book1 ,,vi47 ,a tree's head snaps--& !re1 !re1 !re1 !re1 !re6 7,,br[n+3 ,caliban ^u ,setebos47 ,inv]sion ( acc5t 7sub/itut$ tro*ee74 ,?\ dete/able maw1 ?\ womb ( dea?1 ,gorg$ ) ! de>e/ morsel ( ! e>?4 7,,%aksp]e3 ,romeo & ,juliet1 ,v4 iii4 #de f47 ,f9ds tongues 9 trees1 books 9 ! runn+ brooks1 ,s]mons 9 /ones1 & good 9 e ?+4 7,z ,y ,l ,x1 ,,ii4 i4 #af f47 ,! wat]y k+dom ^: ambiti\s head ,spits 9 ! face ( heav54 7,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 ,,ii4 vii4 #dd f47 ,long l9es ( cliff break+ h left a *asm4 7,,t5nyson3 ,eno* ,ard547 ,!re :irl$ h] :ite robe l a blossom$ bran* ,rapt to ! horrible fall3 a glance ,i gave1 ,no m2 b woman-ve/$ z ,i 0 ,plung$2 & ! flood drew2 yet ,i caught h]2 !n ,o>+ "o arm1444 7,,t5nyson3 ,! ,pr9cess47 ,/abb$ ?r\gh ! he>t's affections to ! he>t6 ,see!d l a kid 9 its own "m's milk6 ,kill$ ) a ^w worse ?an a life ( bl[s6 7,,t5nyson3 ,m]l9 & ,vivi547 ,he fl[$ ,"r = ! pol> />1 pa/ ,orgunje1 ,brimm+1 & bright1 & l>ge2 !n s&s beg91444 7,,mat!w ,,arnold3 ,sohrab & ,ru/um47 ,hyp]metrical syllable 7sub/itut$ anape/74 ,let me see1 let me see1 is n ! leaf turn'd d[n8 7,,%aksp]e3 ,julius ,cs>1 ,,iv4 iii4 #bga47 ,levia?an1 :i* ,god ( all 8 works ,creat$ huge/ t swim ! ocean /ream4 7,,milton3 ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,i4 #bja f47 ,?is passage 0 "o ( ^? :]e ,b5tley made himself ridicul\s 9 8 edition ( ,milton4 ,to smoo? x he *ang$ ! l9es to read-- ,levia?an1 :om ,god ! va/e/ made ,( all ! k9ds t swim ! ocean /ream1-- n p]ceiv+1 :at ,c[p] po9t$ out1 t ,milton _h design$ly us$ ! ^w huge/ :]e x may h ! clumsie/ effect4444 ,smoo?ness 0 n ! ?+ to be consult$ :5 ! ,levia?an 0 9 "q4 ,s he ) difficulty & lab\r h>d ,mov$ on1 ) difficulty & lab\r he4 7ib4 ,,ii4 #ajba f47 ,! sweep ,( "s precipit\s rivulet to ! wave4 7,,t5nyson3 ,eno* ,ard547 ,! s\nd ( _m a heavily gallop+ ho(4 7,,t5nyson3 ,g]a9t & ,enid47 ,i wi% t some:]e 9 ! ru9'd folds1444 ,or ! dry ?ickets1 ,i c\ld meet ) h] ,! ,abom9able1 t un9vit$ came4 7,,t5nyson3 ,,oenone47 ,d y see ?is squ>e old yell[ book ,i toss ,i' ! air1 & cat* aga91 & twirl ab\t ,by ! crumpled vellum cov]s2 pure crude fact-- 7,,br[n+3 ,! ,r+ & ! ,book1 ,i47 ,t plant ,%all nev] wave its tangles lightly & s(tly ,z a que5's languid & imp]ial arm4 7,,br[n+3 ,p>acelsus1 ,i47 ,a di/9ction %\ld be made betwe5 ^! hyp]metrical syllables :i* *ange ! "* ( ! foot f dissyllabic to trisyllabic1 & syllables 79 a s5se hyp]metrical7 :i* are slurr$ or elid$ 9 ! read+4 ,! ^w radiance1 = example1 is reg>d$ z trisyllabic 9 prose1 b 9 ! v]se-- ,girt ) omnipot5ce1 ) radiance cr[n$1 x is made dissyllabic by in/9ctive compression1 & 9 no prop] s5se makes an anape/ ( ! fif? foot4 ,( ! same "* are ! num]\s cases :]e a v[el is elid$ be=e ano!r v[el--especially ! v[el ( ! article !4#g ,on ! elisions ( ,milton's v]se1 see ,mr4 ,rob]t ,bridges's ,milton's ,prosody2 on ^? ( ,%aksp]e's v]se1 see ,abbott's ,%akespe>ian ,gramm>4 ,9 mod]n v]se ! use ( elision & slurr+ is ord9>ily t f\nd 9 common spee*4 ,omitt$ syllable 7sub/itut$ iambus74 ,z a vision ( heav5 f ! holl[s ( ocean1 t none b a god might see1 ,rose out ( ! sil5ce ( ?+s unkn[n ( a pres5ce1 a =m1 a might1 ,& we he>d z a prophet t he>s ,god's message aga9/ him1 & may n flee4 7,,sw9burne3 ,dea? ( ,ri*>d ,wagn]47 ,see also specim5s on pp4 #db1 #dc1 #dh1 above4 ,mr4 ,mayor consid]s ! "q z to h[ f> sub/itution ( o!r ?an ! typical foot may be c>ri$ 9 a v]se1 )\t de/roy+ ! g5u95ess ( ! fundam5tal rhy?m4 ,8 conclusions are ^!3 7#a7 ,! limit ( tro*aic sub/itution is ?ree feet out ( five1 ) ! f9al foot iambic2 or two out ( five1 if ! fif? foot is inv]t$4 7#b7 ,a spondee is all[able 9 any position2 ! limit is f\r out ( five1 ) ei!r ! f\r? or fif? foot rema9+ iambic4 7#c7 ,a pyrrhic may occur 9 any position2 ! limit is ?ree out ( five1 ) ! o!r feet pref]ably spondees4 7#d7 ,! limit = trisyllabic sub/itution is ?ree out ( five4 7,*apt]s on ,engli% ,metre1 *ap4 ,v47 ,pr(essor ,corson discusses ! /hetic effect ( ^! *anges f ! typical metre3 ,! true metrical arti/ 444 nev] indulges 9 v>iety = v>iety's sake4444 ,all metrical effects are to a great ext5t relative--& relativity ( effect dep5ds1 ( c\rse1 ^u hav+ a /&>d 9 ! m9d or feel+s4444 ,n[ ! m closely ! poet adh]es to 8 /&>d--to ! ev5 t5or 7modulus7 ( 8 v]se--s long z !re is no logical nor /hetic motive = dep>t+ f x1 ! m effective d 8 dep>tures become :5 !y are suffici5tly motiv$4 ,all non-significant dep>tures weak5 ! significant ones4444 ,! normal t5or ( ! v]se is presum$ to repres5t ! normal t5or ( ! feel+ :i* produces x4 ,& dep>tures f t normal t5or repres5t1 or %\ld repres5t1 v>iations 9 ! normal t5or ( ! feel+4 ,outside ( ! g5]al law 444 ( ! slurr+ or suppression ( extra light syllables1 :i* d n g = any?+ 9 ! expression1 an exceptional foot mu/ result 9 emphasis1 :e!r int5d$ or n1 ei!r logical or emotional4444 ,a great poet is presum$ to h metrical skill2 & :]e ripples occur 9 ! /ream ( 8 v]se1 !y w g5]ally be f\nd to ju/ify !mselves z organic2 i4e4 !y are a "p ( ! expression4 7,prim] ( ,engli% ,v]se1 pp4 #dh-ej47 ,on ! /hetic symbolism ( v>i\s metrical movem5ts1 see ,g4 ,l4 ,raymond's ,poetry z a ,repres5tative ,art1 pp4 #aac ff4 ,,footnotes3 #f ,! names ( ! sev]al k9ds ( feet are ( c\rse borr[$ f classical prosody1 :]e !y are us$ to m>k feet made up n ( acc5t$ & unacc5t$1 b ( long & %ort syllables4 ,! diff]5t significance ( ! t]ms z appli$ to ! v]se ( diff]5t languages has giv5 rise to "s confusion1 & x is propos$ by "s to ab&on ! classical t]ms2 _! use1 h[ev]1 seems to be too well e/abli%$ 9 ,engli% to p]mit ( *ange4 ,"s w\ld ev5 ab&on ! attempt to measure ,engli% v]se by feet1 cont5d+ t its rhy?m is too free to admit ( any su* measur+ process2 ?us1 see ,mr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson1 9 ! ,app5dix to ,new ,essays t[>d a ,critical ,me?od1 & ,mr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,symonds 9 8 ,blank ,v]se4 ,see also 9 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,bridges's ,milton's ,prosody1 ,app5dix ,g ,on ! ,use ( ,greek ,t]m9ology 9 ,engli% ,prosody4 7#aija ed4 p4 #gg47 #g ,on ! hi/orical problem ( ! di/9ction betwe5 elid$ & g5u9ely hyp]metrical syllables 9 ! ,fr5* & ,engli% decasyllabic v]se1 see ,"m3 ,les ?ories du v]s hroique anglais et ses relations avec la v]sification franaise 7,havre1 #ahhf74 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,/anza ,! /anza1 or /rophe1 is ! l>ge/ unit ( v]se-measure ord9>ily recogniz$4 ,x is bas$ n s mu* on rhy?mical divisions z on p]iods ei!r rhetorical or melodic2 t is1 a %ort /anza w r\ghly correspond to ! p]iod ( a s5t5ce1 & a long "o to t ( a p>agraph1 :ile 9 lyrical v]se ! orig9al idea 0 to con=m ! /anza to ! melody = :i* x 0 writt54 ,?us ,s*ipp] obs]ves3 ,! ^w /rophe prop]ly signifies a turn+1 & orig9ally indicat$ ! return ( ! song1 z sung1 to ! melody ) :i* x began4 ,s*ipp] def9es a /anza z a gr\p ( v]ses ( a c]ta9 numb]1 s comb9$ t all ! /anzas ( ! same poem w be id5tical 9 ! numb]1 ! l5g?1 & ! metre ( ! correspond+ v]ses2 9 rim$ v]se1 also1 ! arrangem5t ( ! rimes w be id5tical4 7,see ,grundriss1 p4 #bfh47 ,! =m ( a /anza1 !n1 is det]m9$ & describ$ 7! fundam5tal metre be+ assum$7 by ! numb] ( v]ses1 ! l5g? ( v]ses1 & ! arrangem5t ( rimes4 ,! usual & conv5i5t me?od ( indicat+ ^! conditions is to repres5t all ! v]ses t rime toge!r by ! same lett]1 :ile ! numb] ( feet 9 ! v]se is writt5 l an algebraic expon5t4 ,?us a quatra9 9 common metre 7f\r-/ress & ?ree-/ress l9es71 rim+ alt]nately1 is repres5t$ by ! =mula a#d;b#c;a#d;b#c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! appe>ance ( ! /anza 9 ,engli% v]se is always ! sign ( =eign influ5ce4 ,! ,we/ ,g]manic v]se1 z f> back z we h specim5s ( x1 is uni=mly /i*ic 7t is1 m>k$ by no p]iods save ^? ( ! individual v]se71 n /anzaic4#h ,on ! o!r h&1 we f9d ! /anza 9 ! ,old ,norse v]se4 ,siev]s's view is t orig9ally ! two sorts ( v]se exi/$ side by side1 ! /anzaic be+ pref]r$ = *orus deliv]y1 ! /i*ic = individual recitation2 "o =m at l5g? cr[d+ out ! o!r4 ,! great organiz] ( ! /anza is1 ( c\rse1 ! elem5t ( rime4 ,:ile unrim$ /anzas are famili> 9 classical v]se1 ! two innovations1 rime & /anza1 7 introduc$ toge!r into ,engli% v]se1 "u bo? ,lat9 & ,fr5* influ5ces1 & h almo/ inv>iably be5 associat$4 ,= notes on ! hi/ory ( ! beg9n+s ( /anza-=ms 9 ,engli%1 see !re=e "u ,rime1 9 ! foll[+ section4 ,,t]cets ,tru? may seem1 b _c be2 ,beauty brag1 b 'tis n %e2 ,tru? & beauty buri$ be4 7,,%aksp]e3 ,! ,phoenix & ! ,turtle4 #afja47 ,o praise ! ,"l1 8 wond]s tell1 ,^: m]cy %9es 9 ,israel1 ,at l5g? r$eem'd f s9 & hell4 7,,george ,,s&ys3 ,p>aphrase ^u ,luke i4 ab4 #afcj47 ,love1 mak+ all ?+s else 8 foes1 ,l a fi]ce torr5t ov]fl[s ,:atev] do? 8 c\rse oppose4 7,,sir ,,jno4 ,,d5ham3 ,aga9/ ,love4 ab4 #afdj47 ,*ildr51 keep up t h>mless play3 ,y\r k9dr$ angels pla9ly say ,by ,god's au?ority ye may4 7,,l&or3 ,*ildr5 ,play+ 9 a ,*ur*y>d4 #aheh47 ,:oe'er %e be1 ,t n impossible ,%e ,t %all comm& my he>t & me2 ,:]e'er %e lie1 ,lock'd up f mortal eye ,9 %ady leaves ( de/9y3444 --,meet y h]1 my ,wi%es1 ,bespeak h] to my blisses1 ,& be ye call'd1 my abs5t kisses4 7,,cra%aw3 ,wi%es = ! ,suppos$ ,mi/ress4 #afdf47 ,i said1 ,i toil b5ea? ! curse1 ,b1 kn[+ n ! univ]se1 ,i fe> to slide f bad to worse4 ,& t1 9 seek+ to undo ,"o riddle1 & to f9d ! true1 ,i knit a hundr$ o!rs new4 7,,t5nyson3 ,! ,two ,voices4 #ahcc47 ,l ! swell ( "s sweet tune1 ,morn+ rises into noon1 ,may glides onw>d into ,june4 7,,longfell[3 ,maid5hood4 #ahdb47 ,:5as 9 silks my ,julia goes1 ,!n1 !n 7me?9ks7 h[ sweetly fl[s ,t liquefaction ( h] clo!s4 7,,h]rick3 ,to ,julia4 #afdh7 ,! fe> 0 on ! cattle1 = ! gale 0 on ! sea1 ,an' ! p5s broke up on ! l[] deck an' let ! creatures free-- ,an' ! lights w5t out on ! l[] deck1 an' no "o d[n b me4 7,,kipl+3 ,mulholl&'s ,contract47 ,t]za rima 7aba1 bcb1 etc474 ,a sp5d+ h& t alway p\re? out ,_h ne$ to h a br+] 9 z fa/2 ,& on ! /one t /ill do? turn ab\t ,!re gr[e? no moss4 ,^! prov]bs yet d la/3 ,reason ha? set !m 9 s sure a place1 ,t l5g? ( ye>s _! =ce c nev] wa/e4 ,:5 ,i rememb] ?is1 & eke ! case ,:]e9 ?\ /&'/1 ,i ?\ght =?) to write1 ,bryan1 to !e4 ,:o kn[s h[ great a grace1444 7,,sir ,,?omas ,,wyatt3 ,h[ to use ! c\rt & himself !re91 writt5 to ,sir ,francis ,bryan4 ab4 #aedb47 ,! t]za rima is1 /rictly speak+1 a s*eme ( cont9u\s v]se r ?an a /anza1 ea* t]cet be+ unit$ by ! rime-s*eme to ! prec$+4 ,its use 9 ,engli% has always be5 slight1 & always due to consci\s imitation ( ! ,italian4 ,no successful attempt has be5 made to use x = a long poem1 z ,dante did 9 ! ,div9a ,comm$ia4 ,wyatt's specim5 is ! e>lie/ 9 ,engli%2 he *ose ! =m = 8 ?ree satires imitat+ ^? ( ,alamanni4 ,once1 ,o sweet once1 ,i saw ) dread oppress$ ,h] :om ,i dread2 s t ) pro/rate ly+ ,h] l5g? ! e>? ,love's *iefe clo?+ dress$4 ,i saw t ri*es fall1 & fell a cry+3-- ,let n dead e>? enjoy s de>e a cov]1 ,b decke !re) my s\le = y\r sake dy+2 ,lay all y\r fe>e ^u y\r fe>full lov]3 ,%9e1 eyes1 on me1 t bo? our lives be gu>d$3 ,s ,i y\r sight1 y %all y\r selves recov]4 7,,sir ,,philip ,,sidney3 ,?yrsis & ,dorus1 9 ! ,c\ntess ( ,pembroke's ,arcadia4 ab4 #aehj47 ,:y d ! ,g5tiles tumult1 & ! nations ,muse a va9 ?+1 ! k+s ( e>? up/& ,) p[]1 & pr9ces 9 _! congregations ,lay deep _! plots toge!r ?r\gh ea* l& ,aga9/ ! ,"l & 8 ,messiah de>8 ,let u break (f1 say !y1 by /r5g? ( h& ,_! bonds1 & ca/ f u1 no m to we>1 ,_! twi/$ cords4 ,he :o 9 ,heav5 do? dwell ,%all laugh4 7,,milton3 ,psalm ,,ii4 #afec47 ,o wild ,we/ ,w9d1 ?\ brea? ( ,autumn's be+1 ,?\ f ^: unse5 pres5ce ! leaves dead ,are driv51 l gho/s f an en*ant] flee+1 ,yell[1 & black1 & pale1 & hectic r$1 ,pe/il5ce-/rick5 multitudes6 ,o ?\ ,:o *>iote/ to _! d>k w9try b$ ,! w+$ se$s1 :]e !y lie cold & l[1 ,ea* l a corpse )9 its grave1 until ,?9e azure si/] ( ! ,spr+ %all bl[ ,h] cl>ion o'er ! dream+ e>?1 & fill 7,driv+ sweet buds l flocks to fe$ 9 air7 ,) liv+ hues & odors pla9 & hill3 ,wild ,_s1 :i* art mov+ ev]y:]e2 ,de/roy] & ,pres]v]2 he>1 oh he>6 7,,%elley3 ,ode to ! ,we/ ,w9d4 #ahai47 ,9 ?is case ! t]cets are unit$ 9 gr\ps ( ?ree to =m a /rophe ( f\rte5 l9es toge!r ) a f9al c\plet rim+ ) ! middle l9e ( ! prec$+ t]cet4 ,! true has no value beyond ! %am3 ,z well ! c\nt] z co91 ,i submit1 ,:5 y\r table's a hat1 & y\r prize a dram4 ,/ake y\r c\nt] z boldly e :it1 ,v5ture z w>ily1 use ! same skill1 ,d y\r be/1 :e!r w9n+ or los+ x1 ,if y *oose to play6--is my pr9ciple4 ,let a man cont5d to ! utt]mo/ ,= 8 life's set prize1 be x :at x w6 7,,br[n+3 ,! ,/atue & ! ,bu/4 #ahee47 ,! ef=t to translate ,dante 9 ! orig9al metre is especially int]e/+1 & m>k$ by great difficulties2 to furni% ! necess>y rimes1 )\t introduc+ expletive words t m> ! simplicity ( ! orig9al1 be+ a s]i\s problem4 ,! foll[+ are int]e/+ specim5s ( translations :]e ?is problem is grappl$ )2 ! fir/ is a well-kn[n fragm5t1 ! second a portion ( a /ill unpubli%$ translation ( ! ,inf]no1 reproduc$ "h by ! c\rtesy ( ! au?or4 ,!n %e to me3 ,! greate/ ( all woes ,is to rem9d u ( our happy days ,9 mis]y1 & t ?y tea*] kn[s4 ,b if to le>n our passion's fir/ root preys ,^u ?y _s ) su* sympa?y1 ,i w d ev5 z he :o weeps & says4 ,we read "o day = pa/ime1 seat$ nigh1 ,( ,lancelot1 h[ love en*a9$ him too4 ,we 7 alone1 q unsuspici\sly4 ,b (t our eyes met1 & our *eeks 9 hue ,all o'er discolor$ by t read+ 72 ,b "o po9t only :olly u o'er?rew2 ,:5 we read ! long-sigh$-= smile ( h]1 ,to be ?us kiss$ by su* devot$ lov]1 ,he :o f me c be divid$ ne'er ,kiss$ my m\?1 trembl+ 9 ! act all ov]4 ,accurs$ 0 ! book & he :o wrote6 ,t day no fur!r leaf did we uncov]4 7,,byron3 ,francesca ( ,rim9i1 f ,dante's ,inf]no1 ,canto ,v4 #ahbj47 ,:]e=e = !e ,i ?9k & deem x well ,?\ foll[ me1 & ,i w br+ ab\t ,?y passage ?i!r :]e ! et]nal dwell4 ,!re %alt ?\ he>k5 ! despair+ %\t1 ,%alt see ! anci5t spirits ) woe oppre/1 ,:o crav+ = ! second dea? cry out4 ,!n %alt ?\ ^? behold :o are at re/ ,amid ! flame1 because _! hopes aspire ,to come1 :5 x may be1 among ! ble/4 ,if to asc5d to ^! be ?y desire1 ,!reto %all be a s\l ( wor?i] /ra92 ,!e %all ,i leave ) h] :5 ,i retire3 ,because ! ,emp]or :o !re do? reign1 ,= ,i rebelli\s 0 to 8 decree1 ,wills t 8 city none by me atta94 ,9 all p>ts rule?1 & !re reigne? he1-- ,!re is 8 city & 8 l(ty ?rone3 ,o happy !y :o !reto *os5 be6 7,,melville ,b4 ,,&]son3 ,dante's ,inf]no1 ,canto i4 ll4 #aab-abi47 ,,quatra9s aaaa ,suete iesu1 k+ ( blysse1 ,myn hu]te love1 m9 hu]te lisse1 ou art suete myd ywisse1 ,wo is him at e %al misse6 7,song f ,h>leian ,ms4 #bbec--ab? c5tury1 ,bddek]'s ,alt5glis*e ,di*tung51 p4 #aia47 aabb ,o ,"l1 t rul'/ our mortal l9e1 ,h[ ?r\gh ! _w ,?y "n do? %9e2 ,?\ ha/ ( ,?y unmat*$ glory ,^u ! heav5s engrav'd ,?y /ory4 7,,sir ,,philip ,,sidney3 ,psalm viii4 ab4 #aehj47 ,a ,s5sitive ,plant 9 a g>d5 grew1 ,& ! "y w9ds f$ x ) silv] dew1 ,& x op5$ its fan-l leaves to ! light1 ,& clos$ !m b5ea? ! kisses ( night4 7,,%elley3 ,! ,s5sitive ,plant4 #ahbj47 abcb ,9 som]1 :5 ! %awes be %eyne1 ,& leves be l>ge & long1 ,hit is full m]y 9 feyre =e/e ,to "h ! f\lys song4 7,ballad ( ,rob9 ,hood & ! ,monk4 ,9 ,gumm]e's ,engli% ,ballads1 p4 #gg47 ,?is is ! famili> /anza ( ! e>ly ballads4 ,! omission ( rime 9 ! ?ird l9e signalizes ! fact t ! /anza c\ld be 7& 07 reg>d$ indiff]5tly z made up ei!r ( two long l9es or f\r %ort ones4 ,?us ! fam\s ,*evy ,*ase ballad is f\nd 7,a%mole ,ms41 ( ab\t #aefj7 writt5 9 long l9es3 ,! ynggly%e m5 hade !r b[ys yb5t y] h>tes w] good yn\ghe ,! fir/ (f arros t ! %ote (f sev5 skore spe>-m5 ! sl\ghe4 7,see 9 ,flgel's ,neu5glis*es ,lesebu*1 vol4 i4 p4 #aii47 ,! same ?+ occurs also :]e !re are two rimes to ! /anza4 ,orig9ally1 ! extra int]nal rime 0 no d\bt ! cause ( ! break+ up ( ! long c\plet into two %ort l9es4 7,see examples 9 ,"p ,two1 9 ! case ( ! sept5>y47 ,ye fl[]y banks o' bonnie ,doon1 ,h[ c ye bloom sae fair6 ,h[ c ye *ant1 ye little birds1 ,& ,i sae fu' o' c>e6 7,,burns3 ,bonnie ,doon4 ab4 #agij47 abab e grace ( god ful ( might at is k+ & ev] 01 ,mote among u alight ,& ghive u alle is swet grace4 7,f ! ,h>leian ,ms4 #iac4 ,9 ,mtzn]'s ,alt5glis*e ,spra*prob51 vol4 i4 p4 #abe47 ,furnivall pr9ts ?is 9 long l9es ) int]nal rime1 :i* ( itself seems to =m ! %ort-l9e /anza f ! long l9es4 ,( al ?is _w ! wyde compas ,hit wol n 9 myn armes tweyne4-- ,:o-s mo*el wol embrace ,litel !re( he %al di/reyne4 7,,*auc]3 ,prov]b4 ab4 #achj47 ,:5 y\? _h l$ me half ! race1 ,t ,cupid's sc\rge me caus'd to run1 ,i look$ back to meet ! place ,f :5ce my we>y c\rse begun4 7,,e>l ,,( ,,surrey3 ,description ( ! re/less /ate ( a lov]4 ab4 #aede47 ,weep ) me1 all y t read ,?is little /ory2 ,& "k1 = :om a te> y %$ ,dea?'s self is sorry4 7,,b5 ,,jonson3 ,epitaph on ,sala?iel ,pavy4 #afaf47 ,& n[ ! we>y _w's great m$ic9e1 ,sleep1 ,?is le>n$ ho/ disp5s$ to e gue/1 ,:i* %uts ^? w\nds :]e injur$ lov]s weep1 ,& flies oppressors to relieve ! oppre/4 7,,sir ,,william ,,dav5ant3 ,gondib]t1 ,bk4 i4 ,canto #f4 #afea7 ,n[ l a maid5 que5 %e w behold ,f h] high turrets h\rly suitors come2 ,! ,ea/ ) inc5se & ! ,we/ ) gold ,w /& l suppliants to receive h] doom4 7,,dryd53 ,annus ,mirabilis1 /anza #big4 #affg47 ,! boa/ ( h]aldry1 ! pomp ( p[]1 ,& all t beauty1 all t weal? e'er gave1 ,await alike ! inevitable h\r4 ,! pa?s ( glory lead b to ! grave4 7,,gray3 ,elegy ,writt5 9 a ,c\ntry ,*ur*y>d4 #agea47 ,to ,dav5ant's ,gondib]t is usually trac$ ! use ( ?is h]oic /anza 7abab 9 iambic five-/ress l9es7 9 ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies4 ,9 8 preface ! au?or said3 ,i believ$ x w\ld be m pleasant to ! read]1 9 a "w ( l5g?1 to give ?is respite or pause1 betwe5 e /anza1 444 ?an to run him out ( brea? ) cont9u$ c\plets4 ,nor do? alt]nate rime by any l[l9ess ( cad5ce make ! s\nd less h]oic1 b r adapt x to a pla9 & /ately compos+ ( music4 ,dryd5 foll[$ ,dav5ant 9 us+ ! /anza = 8 ,annus ,mirabilis1 say+ 9 8 preface3 ,i h *os5 to write my poem 9 quatra9s1 or /anzas ( f\r 9 alt]nate rhyme1 because ,i h ev] judg$ !m m noble1 & ( great] dignity1 bo? = ! s\nd & numb]1 ?an any o!r v]se 9 use among/ u4444 ,i h always f\nd ! c\plet v]se mo/ easy 7?\gh n s prop] = ?is occasion71 = !re ! "w is soon] at an end1 e two l9es conclud+ ! labor ( ! poet2 b 9 quatra9s he is to c>ry x fur!r on1 & n only s1 b to be> along 9 8 head ! tr\blesome s5se ( f\r l9es toge!r4 ,dryd5 did n use ! /anza aga91 h[ev]1 & x is obvi\sly unsuit$ to a long n>rative poem4 ,sa9tsbury says3 ,) reg>d to ! nobility & dignity ( ?is /anza1 x may safely be said t ,annus ,mirabilis itself1 ! be/ poem ev] writt5 !re91 kill$ x by expos+ its faults4444 ,x is *>geable ) m ?an ! disjo9t$ness ( ! c\plet1 )\t ! possibility ( relief2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! quatra9s h n1 l ! ,sp5s]ian /ave or ! ottava rima1 suffici5t bulk to =m units 9 !mselves4 7,life ( ,dryd51 ,m5 ( ,lett]s ,s]ies1 p4 #cd47 ,x is h>d to say :at ,mr4 ,sa9tsbury means 9 speak+ ( ! ,annus ,mirabilis z ! be/ poem ev] writt5 9 ! h]oic quatra91 :5 we rememb] t x is ! quatra9 ( ,gray's ,elegy4 ,on ! possible s\rces ( 8 use ( x1 see ,gosse's ,life ( ,gray1 9 ! ,m5 ( ,lett]s ,s]ies1 p4 #ih 7also 8 ,f ,%akespe>e to ,pope1 p4 #adj74 ,mr4 ,gosse ref]s to ! use ( ! quatra9 by ,sir ,john ,davies 9 ! ,nosce ,teipsum 7#aeii71 ) :i* ,gray 0 famili>1 & 79 addition to ,dav5ant1 ,dryd51 & ,hobbes's ,hom]7 to ! ,love ,elegies ( ,james ,hammond1 publi%$ #agdc4 ,x is believ$ t ! pr9t+ ( ,hammond's v]ses incit$ ,gray to beg9 8 ,*ur*y>d ,elegy1 & to make ! f\r-l9e /anza ! basis ( mo/ ( 8 h>monies4444 ,! measure itself1 f fir/ to la/1 is an attempt to r5d] 9 ,engli% ! solemn alt]nation ( passion & res]ve1 ! int]*ange ( implor+ & despond+ tones1 t is f\nd 9 ! ,lat9 elegiac2 & ,gray gave 8 poem1 :5 he fir/ publi%$ x1 an outw>d resemblance to ! text ( ,tibullus by pr9t+ x )\t any /anzaic pauses4 ,mr4 ,gosse neglects ! elegies ( ,william ,%5/one1 :i* 7 also 9 ! quatra91 & "s ( :i* _h app>5tly be5 publi%$ be=e ! ,*ur*y>d ,elegy4 ,on ?is matt] see ,be]s's ,romanticism 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury1 p4 #acg1 :]e ,%5/one is said to h borr[$ ! /anza f ,hammond1 & ,gray f ,%5/one4 ,%5/one1 9 8 ,prefatory ,essay on ,elegy1 def5d$ ! metrical =m & ref]r$ to ! elegies ( ,hammond4 ,h]oic metre1 ) alt]nate rhyme1 seems well en\gh adapt$ to ?is species ( poetry2 &1 h[ev] exceptionable ^u o!r occasions1 its inconv5i5cies appe> to lose _! weight 9 %ort] elegies1 & its advantages seem to acquire an additional importance4 ,! _w has an admirable example ( its beauty 9 a collection ( elegies n long s9ce publi%$4 7,*alm]s's ,engli% ,poets1 vol4 xiii4 p4 #bfd47 ,= !re 0 ,milton l a s]aph /rong1 ,beside him ,%akespe>e bl& & mild2 ,& !re ! _w-worn ,dante grasp$ 8 song1 ,& some:at grimly smil$4 7,,t5nyson3 ,! ,palace ( ,art4 #ahcc47 abba ,yet ^? lips1 s sweetly swell+1 ,d invite a /eal+ ,kiss4 ,n[ w ,i b v5ture ?is2 ,:o w read1 mu/ fir/ le>n spell+4 7,,sir ,,philip ,,sidney3 ,a/rophel & ,/ella1 ,song ii4 ab4 #aehj47 ,let ! bird ( l\de/ lay1 ,on ! sole ,arabian tree1 ,h]ald sad & trumpet be1 ,to ^: s\nd *a/e w+s obey4 7,,%aksp]e3 ,! ,phoenix & ! ,turtle1 #afja47 ,?\gh beauty be ! m>k ( praise1 ,& y\rs ( :om ,i s+1 be su* ,z n ! _w c praise too mu*1 ,yet is't y\r virtue n[ ,i raise4 7,,b5 ,,jonson3 ,elegy1 9 ,und]woods4 #afaf47 ,"l1 9 ?9e ang] d n repreh5d me1 ,nor 9 ?y hot displeasure me correct2 ,pity me1 ,"l1 = ,i am mu* deject1 ,& v weak & fa9t2 heal & am5d me4 7,,milton3 ,psalm vi4 #afec47 ,away1 ^? cl\dy looks1 t lab'r+ sigh1 ,! peevi% (fspr+ ( a sickly h\r6 ,nor meanly ?us compla9 ( =tune's p[]1 ,:5 ! bl9d game/] ?r[s a luckless die4 7,,col]idge3 ,to a ,fri5d4 ab4 #agie47 ,twelve /ruck4 ,t s\nd1 by dw9dl+ ye>s ,he>d 9 ea* h\r1 crept (f2 & !n ,! ruffl$ sil5ce spread aga91 ,l wat] t a pebble /irs4 7,,rossetti3 ,my ,si/]'s ,sleep4 #ahej47 ,i hold x true1 :ate'er befall2 ,i feel x :5 ,i sorr[ mo/2 ',tis bett] to h lov$ & lo/ ,?an nev] to h lov$ at all4 7,,t5nyson3 ,9 ,memoriam1 xxvii4 #ahej47 ,sweet aft] %[]s1 ambrosial air1 ,t rolle/ f ! gorge\s gloom ,( ev5+ ov] brake & bloom ,& mead[1 sl[ly brea?+ b>e ,! r\nd ( space1 & rapt bel[ ,?ro' all ! dewy-tassell$ wood1 ,& %ad[+ d[n ! horn$ flood ,9 ripples1 fan my br[s & bl[ ,! fev] f my *eek1 & sigh ,! full new life t fe$s ?y brea? ,?r\gh\t my frame1 till ,d\bt & ,dea?1 ,ill bre?r51 let ! fancy fly ,f belt to belt ( crimson seas ,on leagues ( odor /ream+ f>1 ,to :]e 9 yond] ori5t /> ,a hundr$ spirits :isp] ,peace4 7,,t5nyson3 ibid41 lxxxiv47 ,?is /anza 7abba 9 f\r-/ress iambics7 is commonly kn[n z ! ,9 ,memoriam /anza1 f its famili> use by ,t5nyson4 ,t5nyson is inde$ said to h inv5t$ x = 8 own use1 n kn[+ ( its e>li] appe>ance 9 ! works ( ,jonson & ,rossetti4 ,pr(essor ,corson has an int]e/+ passage on ! poetic quality ( ! /anza3 ,by ! rhyme-s*eme ( ! quatra91 ! t]m9al rhyme-emphasis ( ! /anza is r$uc$1 ! second & ?ird v]ses be+ mo/ closely brac$ by ! rhyme4 ,! /anza is ?us admirably adapt$ to t sweet cont9uity ( fl[1 free f abrupt *ecks1 dem&$ by ! spiritualiz$ sorr[ :i* x be>s along4 ,alt]nate rhyme w\ld h wr\ght an entire *ange 9 ! tone ( ! poem4 ,to be assur$ ( ?is1 "o %\ld read1 al\d ( c\rse1 all ! /anzas ^: fir/ & second1 or ?ird & f\r?1 v]ses admit ( be+ transpos$ )\t affect+ ! s5se4 ,by su* transposition1 ! rhymes are made alt]nate1 & ! conclud+ rhymes m emphatic4 ,comp>e ! /anza quot$ above f section xxvii4 ) ! transpos$ =m3 ,i feel x :5 ,i sorr[ mo/2 ,i hold x true1 :ate'er befall2 ',tis bett] to h lov$ & lo/ ,?an nev] to h lov$ at all4 ,on ! passage quot$ f section lxxxiv4 ,pr(essor ,corson also obs]ves3 ,! f\r /anzas ( :i* x is compos$ con/itute b "o p]iod1 ! s5se be+ susp5d$ till ! close4 ,! rhyme-emphasis is s di/ribut$ t any "o1 he>+ ! poem read1 w\ld h>dly be s5sible ( any ( ! slighte/ *ecks 9 ! cont9u\s & ev5 movem5t ( ! v]se4444 ,!re is no o!r section ( ,9 ,memoriam 9 :i* ! arti/ic motive ( ! /anza is s evid5t4 7,prim] ( ,engli% ,v]se1 pp4 #gj-gg47 aaba ,d\bt y to :om my ,muse ^! notes ent5de?1 ,:i* n[ my brea/1 sur*>g'd1 to music l5de?6 ,to y1 to y1 all song ( praise is due1 ,only 9 y my song beg9s & ende?4 7,,sir ,,philip ,,sidney3 ,a/rophel & ,/ella4 ,song i1 ab4 #aehj47 ,"h ! ?ird l9e 7! same 9 all ! /anzas7 has an additional int]nal rime4 ,oh1 make ! mo/ ( :at we yet may sp5d1 ,be=e we too into ! du/ desc5d2 ,du/ into du/1 & "u du/1 to lie1 ,sans w9e1 sans song1 sans s+]1 &--sans end6 7,,edw4 ,,fitzg]ald3 ,p>aphrase ( ! ,rubiyt ( ,om> ,khayyam4 #ahei47 ,= groves ( p9e on ei!r h&1 ,to break ! bla/ ( w9t]1 /&2 ,& fur!r on1 ! ho>y ,*annel ,tumbles a bill[ on *alk & s&4 7,t5nyson3 ,to ! ,rev4 ,f4 ,d4 ,maurice4 #ahed47 ,?is delightful /anza 7us$ also by ,t5nyson 9 ,! ,daisy7 seems to be an imitation ( ! well-kn[n ,alcaic /anza ( ,horace3 ,vides1 ut alta /et nive c&idum ,soracte1 nec jam su/9eant onus ,silvae laborantes1 geluque ,flum9a con/it]9t acuto4 ,ah1 yet w\ld ,god ?is fle% ( m9e might be ,:]e air w\ld wa% & long leaves cov] me1 ,:]e tides ( grass break into foam ( fl[]s1 ,or :]e ! w9d's feet %9e along ! sea4 7,,sw9burne3 ,laus ,v5]is47 ,,refra9 ,,/anzas ,9 ?is gr\p ( refra9 /anzas !re is no attempt to make ! range ( illu/rations complete1 b only to sugge/ h[ ! refra9 idea has be5 v>i\sly us$ 9 =m+ ! /ructure ( ! /anza4 ,9 "s cases1 = example1 x w be se5 t ! refra9 is a m]e app5dage or coda to ! /anza2 9 o!rs x is made by rime a "p ( ! organiz$ /ructure4 ,bl[1 nor!rne wynd1 ,s5t ou my suetyng6 ,bl[1 norern wynd1 ,bl\6 bl\6 bl\6 7,song f ,h>leian ,ms4 #bbec2 ,bddek]'s ,alt5glis*e ,di*tung51 p4 #afh47 ,i t 9 heill wes & glaidness1 ,am trublit n[ ) gret seikness1 ,& feblit ) infirmitie2 ,timor ,mortis conturbat me4 7,,william ,,dunb>3 ,lam5t = ! ,mak>is4 ab4 #aejj47 ,n[ ,simm] bl9ks on fl[]y braes1 ,& o'er ! cry/al /reamlets plays2 ,come1 let u sp5d ! lightsome days ,9 ! birks ( ,ab]feldy4 7,,burns3 ,! ,birks ( ,ab]feldy4 #aghg47 ,i wi% ,i 7 :]e ,hel5 lies2 ,night & day on me %e cries2 ,o t ,i 7 :]e ,hel5 lies ,on fair ,kirconnell lea6 7,fair ,hel52 old ballad47 ,o s+ unto my r\ndelay1 ,o drop ! br9y te> ) me1 ,dance no m at holy-day1 ,l a runn+ riv] be4 ,my love is dead1 ,gone to 8 dea?-b$1 ,all "u ! will[ tree4 7,,*att]ton3 ,m9/rel's ,r\ndelay f lla4 ab4 #aggj47 ,! tw5tie? ye> is well-nigh pa/1 ,s9ce fir/ our sky 0 ov]ca/2 ,ah1 w\ld t ?is might be ! la/6 ,my ,m>y6 7,,c[p]3 ,my ,m>y4 #agic47 ,duncan ,gray cam' "h to woo-- ,ha1 ha1 ! woo+ o't6 ,on bli! ,yule night1 :5 we 7 f\-- ,ha1 ha1 ! woo+ o't6 ,maggie coo/ h] head fu' heigh1 ,look$ askl5t & unco skeigh1 ,g>t poor ,duncan /& abeigh2 ,ha1 ha1 ! woo+ o't6 7,,burns3 ,duncan ,gray4 ab4 #agij47 ,my he>t is wa/$ ) my woe1 ,oriana4 ,!re is no re/ = me bel[1 ,oriana4 ,:5 ! long dun wolds are ribb'd ) sn[1 ,& l\d ! ,norl& :irlw9ds bl[1 ,oriana1 ,alone ,i w&] to & fro1 ,oriana4 7,,t5nyson3 ,ballad ( ,oriana4 ab4 #ahcj47 ,oh1 ! little birds sang ea/1 & ! little birds sang we/1 7,toll sl[ly7 ,& ,i smil$ to ?9k ,god's greatness fl[$ ar\nd our incomplet5ess-- ,r\nd our re/lessness ,8 re/4 7,,elizabe? ,b4 ,,br[n+3 ,rhyme ( ! ,du*ess ,may4 ab4 #ahde47 ,ah6 :at :ite ?+ at ! door has cross'd1 ,si/] ,hel58 ,ah6 :at is ?is t sighs 9 ! fro/8 ,a s\l t's lo/ z m9e is lo/1 ,little bro!r6 7,o ,"m1 ,m>y ,"m1 ,lo/1 lo/1 all lo/1 betwe5 ,hell & ,heav567 7,,rossetti3 ,si/] ,hel54 #ahgj47 ,laetabundus ,exultet fidelis *orus1 ,alleluia6 ,egidio psallat coetus ,i/e laetus1 ,alleluia6 7,,/4 ,,b]n>d3 ,de ,nativitate ,dom9i47 ,s]mone ,m>cus ,tullius1 ,=tuna ,ces> ,julius ,tibi non equantur4 ,tibi summa prud5tia1 ,prefulg5s et pot5tia ,cele/i dono dantur4 7,f a #ab? c4 ,,ms43 ,regulae de ,rhy?mis4 ,9 ,s*ipp]'s ,englis*e ,metrik1 vol4 i4 p4 #ced47 ,quant li solleiz conviset en leon ,en icel t5s qu'e/ ortus pliadon ,p]unt mat91 ,une pulcellet odit molt g5t plor] ,et son ami dolcem5t regret]1 ,ex si lli dis4 7,e>ly ,fr5* v]sion ( ! ,song ( ,songs1 quot$ 9 ,,lewis's ,=eign ,s\rces ( ,mod]n ,engli% ,v]sification1 p4 #hi47 ,! special =m ( refra9 /anza appe>+ 9 ! fir/ ( ^! =eign specim5s 7! ,alleluia hymn =m7 is g5]ally ?\ght to h be5 ! s\rce ( ! tail-rime /anza illu/rat$ 9 ! o!r two specim5s1 & 9 ! sev]al pages :i* foll[4 ,! *>act]i/ic feature ( ?is /anza is ! pres5ce ( two %ort l9es rim+ toge!r & s]v+ z tails to ! fir/ & second p>ts ( ! body ( ! /anza4 ,! same "n appe>s 9 all ! languages3 v]sus caudati 9 ! m$ival ,lat91 rime c\e 9 ! ,fr5*1 & ,s*weifreim 9 mod]n ,g]man4 ,x is easy to see1 :at ! foll[+ specim5s illu/rate1 h[ /anzas con/ruct$ on ?is fundam5tal pr9ciple might be v>i$ greatly 9 p>ticul> =ms1 accord+ to ! numb]1 l5g?1 & rime-arrangem5t ( ! long] l9es4 ,m5 may m]ci h1 trayt\r n to save1 = luf ne = awe1 ,atteynt ( traytorie1 suld haf no m]cie1 wi no man] lawe4 7,,rob]t ,,mann+ ( ,brunne3 ,*ronicle4 ab4 #accj47 ,= ,edw>d gode d$e e ,baliol did him m$e a wikk$ b\nte4 ,turne we ageyn to r$e & on our ge/e to sp$e a ,maddok er left we4 7,ibid47 ,mann+'s *ronicle 0 a translation ( ! ,fr5* *ronicle ( ,pi]re de ,langt(t4 ,al?\gh ! translator design$ to avoid ! v>i\s complicat$ measures us$ 9 ! orig9al1 & kept pretty closely to alex&r9es 7see p4 #bed1 bel[71 9 ! passages "h repres5t$ he foll[$ ! tail-rime ( ! orig9al4 ,9 ! fir/ case ! /anza =m is n repres5t$ 9 ! manuscript1 ?\gh ( c\rse implicit 9 ! rimes4 ,! "n ( ! /anza1 rime c\e1 appe>s v e>ly 9 ,mann+'s ,prologue1 9 ! fam\s passage 9 :i* he express$ 8 pref]5ce = metrical simplicity3 ,als ai haf wryt5n & sayd ,haf ,i alle 9 myn ,+lis layd1 ,9 symple spe*e z ,i c\!1 ,t is lighte/ 9 mannes m\!4 ,i mad noght = no dis\rs1 ,ne = no segg]s no h>p\rs1 ,bot = e luf ( symple m5n ,t /range ,+lis cann n k5n4 ,= _m x ere t /range ,+lis ,9 ryme wate nev] :at x is1 ,& bot ai wi/ :at x m5te ,ellis me ?oght x 7 alle %5te4 ,i made x n = to be prays$1 ,bot at e lew$ m5n 7 ays$4 ,if x 7 made 9 ryme c\wee1 ,or 9 /rang]e or entrelace1 at r$e ,+lis x ere in[e at c\! n haf coppl$ a k[e1 at ou!re 9 c\wee or 9 ba/on ,som suld haf b5 =don1 ,s at fele m5 at x h]de ,suld n witte h[e at x f]de4 444 ,& =so? ,i c\? noght ,s /range ,+lis z ai wroght1 ,& m5n besoght me _m a tyme ,to turne x bot 9 light ryme4 ai sayd1 if ,i 9 /range x turne1 ,to "h x manyon suld skurne4 ,= x ere names fulle selc\!1 at ere n us$ n[ 9 m\!4 ,& !r=e = ! comonalte1 at bly!ly wild li/5 to me1 ,on light lange ,i x begann1 ,= luf ( ! lew$ mann4 7,he>ne ed41 vol4 i4 pp4 xcix1 c47 ,l9es #ae-bb may be p>aphras$ ?us3 ,if x 7 made 9 rime c\e1 9 rime /rang]e1 or rime entrelace1 !re are pl5ty ( ^? :o read ,engli% :o c\ld n h put ! tail-v]ses toge!r2 s t ei!r 9 ! tail-v]se or ! ba/on "s w\ld h be5 confus$1 & _m m5 t he>d x w\ld n "k h[ x w5t4 ,! int]lac$ 7alt]nate7 rime 0 a famili> =m4 ,ba/on seems usually to be an equival5t = /anza or /ave4 ,x seems unc]ta9 :e!r by rime /rang]e ,mann+ _h 9 m9d any p>ticul> =m ( /anza or rime-arrangem5t4 ,/& wel1 mod]1 "u rode1 ,byholt y sone wi glade mode2 ,blye1 mod]1 myht ou be6 ,sone1 h\ %ulde y blye /onde8 ,y se 9 fet1 y se 9 honde ,nayl$ to e h>de tre4 7,song f ,h>leian ,,ms4 #cbec2 ,bddek]'s ,alt5glis*e ,di*tung51 p4 #bjf47 ,li/e?1 lordes1 9 good ent5t1 ,& ,i wol telle v]raym5t ,( mir! & ( solas2 ,al ( a knyght 0 fair & g5t ,9 bataille & 9 t\rneym5t1 ,8 "n 0 sir ,?opas 444 ,an elf-que5 wol ,i love1 y-wis1 ,= 9 ?is _w no womman is ,wor?y to be my make ,9 t\ne2 ,alle o!re womm5 ,i =sake1 ,& to an elf-que5 ,i me take ,by dale & eek by d\ne6 7,,*auc]3 ,sir ,?opas1 f ,cant]bury ,tales4 ab4 #ache47 ,! tail-rime /anza _h become a favorite = ! metrical romances ( ! f\rte5? c5tury2 b ,*auc] evid5tly saw its inappropriat5ess = long n>rative poems1 & ridicul$ x--) c]ta9 o!r elem5ts ( ! romances--9 ?is ,rime ( ,sir ,?opas4 ,! ,ho/ is made to int]rupt ! /ory3 ',myn eres ak5 ( ?y dra/y spe*e2 ,n[ swi*e a rym ! devel ,i bete*e6 ,?is may wel be rym dog]el'1 quod he4 ,my pat5t p>d\ns1 ye may se1 ,cum fra ! ,cane ( ,t>t>ei1 ,weill seald ) o/] s*ellis2 ,?o*t ye h na contriti\n1 ,ye sall h full remissi\n1 ,) help ( buiks & bellis4 7,,sir ,,david ,,l9dsay3 ,ane ,satyre ( ! ,?ree ,e/ates4 ab4 #aedj47 ,se9te ,m>ie6 lev$i briht1 ,mod] ?\ art ( mu*el miht1 ,qu5e 9 hev5e ( feire ble2 ,gabriel to ! he lihte1 ,?o he br\hte al wid rihte ,!n holi go/ to liht5 9 !4 ,godes ^w ful wel ?\ cnewe2 ,ful mildeli*e !reto ?\ bewe1 ,& saide/1 ,s x mote be6 ,?i ?one 0 /udeva/ ant trewe2 ,= ! joye t to 0 newe1 ,lev$i1 ?\ h m]ci ( me6 7,qu9que ,gaudia4 ,9 ,mtzn]'s ,alt5glis*e ,spra*prob51 vol4 i4 p4 #ea47 ,"h ! pr9ciple ( ! tail-rime is ext5d$ to f\r tail-v]ses4 ,see also ! specim5 on p4 #aaa1 bel[4 ,all1 de> ,nature's *ildr5 sweet1 ,lie '=e bride & bridegroom's feet1 ,bless+ _! s5se6 ,n an angel ( ! air1 ,bird melodi\s or bird fair1 ,be abs5t h5ce4 7,song f ,! ,two ,noble ,k9sm51 by ,%aksp]e & ,flet*]4 pub4 #afcd47 ,fair /ood ! w9d = ,france1 ,:5 we our sails advance1 ,nor n[ to prove our *ance ,long] n t>ry2 ,b put unto to ! ma91 ,at ,caux1 ! m\? ( ,se9e1 ,) all 8 m>tial tra91 ,l&$ ,k+ ,h>ry4 7,,drayton3 ,ag9c\rt4 ab4 #afjj47 ,i am a man ( w> & might1 ,& "k ?us mu*1 t ,i c fight1 ,:e!r ,i am i' ?' wrong or "r1 ,dev\tly4 ,no woman "u heav5 ,i fe>1 ,new oa?s ,i c exactly swe>1 ,& =ty heal?s my bra9s w be> ,mo/ /\tly4 7,,sir ,,john ,,suckl+3 ,a ,soldi]4 ab4 #afce47 ,! /anzas t foll[ %[ v>i\s comb9ations & applications ( ! same pr9ciple--! use ( %ort] v]ses 9 connection ) long]4 ,a wayle :yte ase :alles bon1 ,a gre9 9 golde at goldly %on1 ,a tortle at m9 h]te is on1 ,9 t\ne trewe2 ,hire glad%ipe nes nev] gon1 ,:il y may glewe4 7,song f ,h>leian ,,ms4 #bbec2 ,bddek]'s ,alt5glis*e ,di*tung51 p4 #afa47 ,( on t is s fayr & bright1 velut m>is /ella1 ,bright] ?an ! day is light1 p>5s et puella2 ,ic crie to !1 ?\ se to me1 ,lev$y1 preye ?i sone = me1 tam pia1 ,t ic mote come to ! ,m>ia4 7,hymn to ! ,virg91 f ,eg]ton ,,ms4 #fac4 ,9 ,mtzn]'s ,alt5glis*e ,spra*prob51 vol4 i4 p4 #ec47 ,oh1 wad "s p[] ! giftie gie u ,to see oursel's z i!rs see u6 ,x wad frae monie a blund] free u ,an' fooli% notion3 ,:at airs 9 dress an' gait wad lea'e u1 ,an' e'en devotion6 7,,burns3 ,to a ,l\se on a ,lady's ,bonnet4 #aghf47 ,o goodly h&1 ,:]e9 do? /& ,my he>t di/ract 9 pa92 ,de> h&1 alas6 ,9 little space ,my life ?\ do/ re/ra94 7,,sir ,,?omas ,,wyatt3 ,9 ,tottel's ,songs & ,sonnets4 pub4 #aeeg47 ,old ,ocean's praise ,dem&s my lays2 ,a truly ,briti% !me ,i s+2 ,a !me s great1 ,i d>e compete1 ,& jo9 ) ,ocean1 ,ocean's k+4 7,,edw>d ,,"y3 ,ocean1 an ,ode4 #agbh47 ,no m1 no m ,?is worldly %ore ,upbraids me ) its l\d upro>6 ,) dreamful eyes ,my _s lies ,"u ! walls ( ,p>adise6 7,,?omas ,,bu*anan ,,read3 ,drift+4 ab4 #ahej47 ,9 ^! /anzas a pair ( long l9es b9d toge!r ! fir/ & second p>ts ( ! composition1 j z ! %ort l9es d 9 ! orig9al rime c\e4 ,"y 0 & is univ]sally condemn$ = *oos+ ?is =m ( /anza = 8 odes4 ,he 0 l$ to d s by 8 admiration = ! passage 9 ,dryd5's ,ode = ,/4 ,cecilia's ,day1 runn+3 ,assumes ! god1 ,affects to nod1 ,& seems to %ake ! sph]es4 ,"h1 said ,"y1 ,dryd5 0 express+ maje/y2 h5ce1 s9ce he wi%$ 8 odes to be maje/ic1 he us$ ! %ort1 *oppy measure ?r\gh\t4 7,see 8 ,introductory ,essay to 8 ,odes1 9 ,*alm]s's ,engli% ,poets1 vol4 xiii47 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! /anza z us$ by ,read has be5 almo/ univ]sally admir$4 ,hail1 old ,patrician ,trees1 s great & good6 ,hail1 ye ,plebeian ,und]wood6 ,:]e ! poetic birds rejoice1 ,& = _! quiet ne/s & pl5te\s food ,pay ) _! grateful voice4 7,,c[ley3 ,( ,solitude4 ab4 #afej47 ,to-night ?is sunset spreads two gold5 w+s ,cleav+ ! we/]n sky2 ,w+$ too ) w9d x is1 & w9n[+s ,( birds2 z if ! day's la/ h\r 9 r+s ,( /r5u\s flight mu/ die4 7,,rossetti3 ,sunset ,w+s4 #ahha47 ,ye da9ty ,nymphs1 t 9 ?is bless$ brook ,d ba! y\r brea/1 ,=sake y\r wat]y b[]s1 & hi!r look ,at my reque/3 ,& eke y ,virg9s t on ,p>nasse dwell1 ,:5ce fl[e? ,helicon1 ! le>n$ well1 ,help me to blaze ,h] wor?y praise1 ,:i* 9 h] sex do? all excel4 7,,sp5s]3 ,! ,%eph]d's ,cal5d>1 ,april4 #aegi47 ,y1 t w a wond] "k1 ,g ) me1 ,two suns 9 a heav5 ( sn[ ,bo? burn+ be2 ,all !y fire1 t d b eye !m1 ,b ! sn['s unmelt$ by !m4 7,,c>ew3 ,9 ,praise ( 8 ,mi/ress4 ab4 #afce47 ,g1 lovely ,rose6 ,tell h]1 t wa/es h] "t & me1 ,t n[ %e kn[s1 ,:5 ,i resemble h] to !e1 ,h[ sweet & fair %e seems to be4 7,,wall]3 ,g1 lovely ,rose4 ab4 #afej47 ,! use ( %ort l9es some:at intricately introduc$ among long] ones1 is *>act]i/ic ( ! /anzas ( ! lyrical poets ( ! fir/ "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,x may p]haps be trac$ 9 "p to ! influ5ce ( ,donne4 ,:]e ! quiet-color$ end ( ev5+ smiles ,miles & miles ,on ! solit>y pa/ures :]e our %eep ,half-asleep ,t9kle homew>d ?ro' ! twilight1 /ray or /op ,z !y crop4 7,,br[n+3 ,love among ! ,ru9s4 #ahee47 ,comp>e ) ?is 7al?\gh x is n divid$ into /anzas7 ,h]rick's ,?anksgiv+ to ,god3 ,"l1 ?\ ha/ giv5 me a cell ,:]e9 to dwell2 ,a little h\se1 ^: humble ro( ,is wea!rpro(2 ,"u ! sp>s ( :i* ,i lie ,bo? s(t & dry4 ,:5 ,god at fir/ made ,man1 ,hav+ a glass ( bless+s /&+ by1 ,let u 7said ,he7 p\r on him all we c3 ,let ! _w's ri*es1 :i* disp]s$ lie1 ,contract into a span4 7,,george ,,h]b]t3 ,! ,gifts ( ,god4 #afca47 ,! foll[+ specim5s illu/rate v>i\s =ms ( /anzas di/+ui%$ by arrangem5t ( rime1 )\t ref]5ce to ! l5g? ( l9es3 abccb ,9 va91 ?r\gh e *angeful ye> ,did ,nature lead him z be=e2 ,a primrose by a riv]'s brim ,a yell[ primrose 0 to him1 ,& x 0 no?+ m4 7,,wordswor?3 ,pet] ,bell4 #agih47 ababb ,survival ( ! fitte/1 adaptation1 ,& all _! o!r evolution t]ms1 ,seem to omit "o small consid]ation1 ,to wit1 t tumblebugs & angleworms ,h s\ls3 !re's s\l 9 ev]y?+ t squirms4 7,,william ,,vaughn ,,moody3 ,! ,m5ag]ie4 #aija47 aabbb ,m>y m9e t art ,m>y's ,rose1 ,come 9 to me f ! g>d5-close4 ,! sun s9ks fa/ ) ! ris+ dew1 ,& we m>k$ n h[ ! fa9t moon grew2 ,b ! hidd5 />s are call+ y4 7,,rossetti3 ,rose ,m>y4 #ahha47 aabcdd ,hail se9t mi*el1 ) ! lange sp]6 ,fair be? ?i w+es3 up ?i s*old] ,?\ ha/ a r$e kirtil a non to ?i fote4 ,?\ ert be/ angle t ev] god makid4 ,?is v]s is ful wel i-wrogght2 ,hit is ( wel furre y-brogght4 7,satire on ! ,p ( ,kild>e1 f ,h>leian ,ms4 #iac1 9 ,gue/'s ,engli% ,rhy?ms1 ,skeat ed41 p4 #faf47 aaaabb ,:at beauty w\ld h lovely /yl$1 ,:at mann]s pretty1 nature mild1 ,:at wond] p]fect1 all 7 fil$ ,^u record 9 ?is ble/ *ild4 ,& till ! com+ ( ! s\l ,to fet* ! fle%1 we keep ! roll4 7,,b5 ,,jonson3 ,epitaph2 ,und]woods1 liii4 #afaf47 ababab ,%e walks 9 beauty1 l ! night ,( cl\dless climes & />ry skies3 ,& all t's be/ ( d>k or bright ,meet 9 h] aspect & h] eyes2 ,?us mell[$ to t t5d] light ,:i* heav5 to gaudy day d5ies4 7,,byron3 ,%e ,walks 9 ,beauty4 #ahae47 ababcc ,i w&]$ lonely z a cl\d ,t floats on high o'er vales & hills1 ,:5 all at once ,i saw a cr[d1 ,a ho/1 ( gold5 daffodils2 ,beside ! lake1 b5ea? ! trees1 ,flutt]+ & danc+ 9 ! breeze4 7,,wordswor?3 ,i w&]$ lonely z a cl\d4 #ahjd47 ,o1 h[ h] eyes & te>s did l5d & borr[6 ,h] eyes se5 9 h] te>s1 te>s 9 h] eye2 ,bo? cry/als1 :]e !y view'd ea* o!r's sorr[1-- ,sorr[ t fri5dly sighs s\ght /ill to dry2 ,b l a /ormy day1 n[ w9d1 n[ ra91 ,sighs dry h] *eeks1 te>s make !m wet aga94 7,,%aksp]e3 ,v5us & ,adonis1 /4 #afa4 #aeic47 ababbcc 7,rime royal7 ,humble/ ( h]te1 hye/ ( rev]5ce1 ,b5igne fl\r1 cor\ne ( v]tues alle1 ,%ewe? unto y\r rial excell5ce ,y\r s]vaunt1 if ,i dur/e me s calle1 ,8 mortal h>m1 9 :i* he is y-falle1 ,& noght al only = 8 evel f>e1 ,b = y\r r5\n1 z he %al decl>e4 7,,*auc]3 ,compleynte unto ,pite4 ab4 #acgj47 ,& on ! smale gr5e twi/is sat ,! lytil suete nyght+ale1 & song ,s l\d & cl]e1 ! ympnis consecrat ,( luvis use1 n[ s(t n[ l[d among1 ,t all ! g>dynis & ! wallis rong ,ryght ( ?aire song1 & on ! copill next ,( ?aire suete armony1 & lo ! text4 7,,james ,i4 ( ,scotl&3 ,! ,k+'s ,quhair1 /4 #cc4 ab4 #adbe47 ,= m5 h m>ble1 wom5 wax51 m9ds1 ,& !re=e are !y =m'd z m>ble w2 ,! weak oppress'd1 ! impression ( /range k9ds ,is =m'd 9 !m by =ce1 by fraud1 or skill3 ,!n call !m n ! au?ors ( _! ill1 ,no m ?an wax %all be acc\nt$ evil1 ,:]e9 is /amp'd ! semblance ( a devil4 7,,%aksp]e3 ,! ,rape ( ,lucrece1 /4 #agh4 #aeid47 ,9 a f> c\ntry t ,i _c "n1 ,& on a ye> long ages pa/ away1 ,a ,k+ !re dwelt 9 re/ & ease & fame1 ,& ri*] ?an ! ,emp]or is to-day3 ,! v ?\ght ( :at ?is man might say ,f dusk to dawn kept _m a "l awake1 ,= fe> ( him did _m a great man quake4 7,,william ,,morris3 ,! ,e>?ly ,p>adise2 ,! ,pr\d ,k+4 #ahfh47 ,! rime royal /anza is "o ( ,*auc]'s contributions to ,engli% v]se1 & ab\t #ad1jjj l9es ( 8 poetry are 9 ?is =m4 ,its use by ,k+ ,james 9 ! ,k+'s ,quhair 0 =m]ly ?\ght to be ! s\rce ( ! "n2 b x seems m likely t ! "n1 l ! =m1 0 ( ,fr5* orig91 & is to be connect$ ) su* t]ms z *ant royal & ballat royal1 famili> 9 ! nom5clature ( c\rtly poetry 7see ,s*ipp]1 vol4 i4 p4 #dbf74 ,! /anza 0 us$ by ,*auc] ) m>vell\s skill = purposes ( cont9u\s n>rative1 & 0 a g5]al favorite among 8 imitators 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 be+ us$ by ,lydgate1 ,occleve1 ,hawes1 ,dunb>1 !n by ,skelton1 & by ,b>clay 9 ! ,%ip ( ,fooles4 ,x appe>s popul> z late z ! "t ( ,sackville's "p ( ! ,mirror = ,magi/rates 7#aefc74i ,lat] ?an ,%aksp]e's ,rape ( ,lucrece x is r>ely f\nd4 7,b see ,milton's unf9i%$ poem on ,! ,passion1 :]e he us$ a =m ( ! rime royal ) conclud+ alex&r9e47 ,/rictly speak+1 ! rime royal is always 9 five-/ress v]se1 b 9 ! foll[+ specim5 ! same rime-s*eme appe>s 9 ! irregul> six-or-sev5-/ress v]se ( "o ( ! ,my/]ies4 ,! /ory %ewe? fur!r1 t1 aft] man 0 bly/e1 ,! ,"l did create woman owte ( a ribbe ( man1 ,:i* woman 0 deceyvyd ) ! ,s]p5tes d>kn$ my/e2 ,by ^: synn ow] nature is s weake no good we c2 ,:]= !y 7 dejectyd & ca/e f !nce ?an ,unto doll\re & mys]i & to traveyle & payne1 ,untyll ,godes spryght r5uid2 & s we ende c]tayne4 7,prologue to ,norwi* ,:itsun ,play ( ! ,creation & ,fall4 ,9 ,manly's ,specim5s ( ! ,pre-,%aksp]ean ,drama1 vol4 i p4 #e47 ababcca ,de> & great ,angel1 w\ld/ ?\ only leave ,t *ild1 :5 ?\ ha/ done ) him1 = me6 ,let me sit all ! day "h1 t :5 eve ,%all f9d p]=m$ ?y special m9i/ry1 ,& "t come = dep>ture1 ?\1 susp5d+ ,?y flight1 may'/ see ano!r *ild = t5d+1 ,ano!r /ill1 to quiet & retrieve4 7,,br[n+3 ,! ,gu>dian ,angel4 #ahee47 ababccb ,! ,city is ( ,night2 p]*ance ( ,dea?1 ,b c]ta9ly ( ,night2 = nev] !re ,c come ! lucid morn+'s fragrant brea? ,aft] ! dewy dawn+'s cold grey air2 ,! moon & />s may %9e ) scorn or pity2 ,! sun has nev] visit$ t city1 ,= x dissolve? 9 ! daylight fair4 7,,james ,,?omson3 ,! ,city ( ,dreadful ,night4 #ahgd47 abababab ,trew k+1 t sittes 9 trone1 ,unto ! ,i tell my tale1 ,& unto ! ,i bid a bone1 ,= ?\ ert bute ( all my bale3 ,als ?\ made midel]d & ! mone1 ,& be/es & f[les grete & smale4 ,unto me s5d ?i socore sone1 ,& dresce my d$es 9 ?is dale4 7,,laur5ce ,,m9ot3 ,battle ( ,halidon ,hill4 #aceb47 ,on ,m9ot's lyrics see t5 ,br9k's ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,k5n$y translation1 vol4 i4 p4 #cbc4 ababbaba ,s9ce love is su* t z ye wot ,_c always be wisely us$1 ,i say1 !re=e1 !n blame me n1 ,?\gh ,i !re9 h be5 abus$4 ,= z ) cause ,i am accus$1 ,guilty ,i grant su* 0 my lot2 ,& ?\gh x _c be excus$1 ,yet let su* folly be =got4 7,,sir ,,?omas ,,wyatt3 ,t ! p[] ( love excuse? ! folly ( lov+1 ab4 #aeej47 ababbcbc ,9 a *ir*e er i con knel is end] day 9 on morw5ynge1 ,me lyk$ e s]vise wond] wel1 ,= i e l5gore con i lynge4 ,i seigh a cl]k a book = br+e1 at prikk$ 0 9 mony a plas2 ,fa/e he s\ghte :at he s*ulde synge1 ,& al 0 ,deo gracias6 7,f ! ,v]non & ,simeon ,,mss42 9 ,anglia1 vii4 #bhg47 ,?is ,julius to ! ,capitolie w5te ,^u a day1 z he 0 wont to goon1 ,& 9 ! ,capitolie anon him h5te ,?is false ,brutus1 & 8 o!re foon1 ,& /ik$e him ) boydek9s anoon ,) _m a w\nde1 & ?us !y lete him lye2 ,b nev] gronte he at no /rook b oon1 ,or elles at two1 b if 8 /orie lye4 7,,*auc]3 ,! ,monk's ,tale1 ll4 #gac-gbj4 ab4 #acge47 ,?is /anza is sometimes call$ ! ,monk's ,tale /anza1 f its use by ,*auc] 9 t s+le tale ( ! ,cant]bury gr\p4 ,al?\gh x has be5 little us$ by lat] poets1 x may h giv5 ,sp5s] a sugge/ion = 8 *>act]i/ic /anza 7see bel[1 p4 #ajb74 ,f>ewell6 if ev] fonde/ pray] ,= o!r's weal avail$ on high1 ,m9e w n all be lo/ 9 air1 ,b waft ?y "n beyond ! sky4 ',tw]e va9 to speak1 to weep1 to sigh3 ,oh6 m ?an te>s ( blood c tell1 ,:5 rung f guilt's expir+ eye1 ,are 9 t ^w--,f>ewell6--,f>ewell6 7,,byron3 ,f>ewell1 if ev] fonde/ pray]4 #ahjh47 ababccdd ,w no "o tell me :at %e s+s8 ,p]haps ! pla9tive numb]s fl[ ,= old1 unhappy1 f>-(f ?+s1 ,& battles long ago3 ,or is x "s m humble lay1 ,famili> matt] ( to-day8 ,"s natural sorr[1 loss1 or pa91 ,t has be51 & may be aga96 7,,wordswor?3 ,! ,solit>y ,reap]4 #ahjc47 abababcc 7ottava rima7 ,%e sat1 & sew$1 t ha? done me ! wrong ,:]e( ,i pla91 & h done _m a day2 ,&1 :il/ %e he>d my pla9t 9 pite\s song1 ,%e wi%$ my he>t ! sampl]1 t x lay4 ,! bl9d ma/]1 :om ,i h s]v$ s long1 ,grudg+ to he> t he did he> h] say1 ,made h] own weapon d h] f+] ble$1 ,to feel if prick+ 7 s good 9 de$4 7,,sir ,,?omas ,,wyatt3 ,( 8 love t prick$ h] f+] ) a ne$le1 9 ,tottel's ,songs & ,sonnets4 pub4 #aeeg47 ,?is ottava rima is a famili> ,italian /anza made classic by ,ario/o & ,tasso1 & introduc$ into ,engl& by ,wyatt1 toge!r ) ! sonnet & o!r ,italian =ms4 ,pr(essor ,corson says1 ,su* a rhyme-s*eme1 especially 9 ! ,italian1 ) its great simil>ity ( end+s1 is too 'monoton\sly it]ative'2 & ! rhym+ c\plet at ! close seems1 z ,james ,russell ,l[ell expresses x1 'to put on ! brakes ) a j>4' 7,prim] ( ,engli% ,v]se1 pp4 #hi f47 ,o6 :o c lead1 !n1 a m happie life ,?an he t ) cleane m9de1 & he>t s9c]e1 ,no gre$y ri*es kn[es nor bl\die /rife1 ,no deadly fight ( w>lick fleete do? fe>e2 ,ne runs 9 p]ill ( foes cruell knife1 ,t 9 ! sacr$ temples he may re>e ,a trophee ( 8 glitt]+ spoyles & treasure1 ,or may ab\nd 9 ri*es above measure4 7,,sp5s]3 ,virgil's ,gnat1 ll4 #aba-abh4 #aeia47 ,= z ) equal rage1 & equal might1 ,two adv]se w9ds combat1 ) bill[s pr\d1 ,& nei!r yield 7seas1 skies ma9ta9 l fight1 ,wave aga9/ wave oppos'd1 & cl\d to cl\d72 ,s w> bo? sides ) ob/9ate despite1 ,) l rev5ge2 & nei!r p>ty b['d3 ,front+ ea* o!r ) conf\nd+ bl[s1 ,no w\nd "o sword unto ! o!r owes4 7,,daniel3 ,hi/ory ( ! ,civil ,w>1 bk4 vi4 ab4 #afjj47 ,?us sang ! unc\? swa9 to ! oaks & rills1 ,:ile ! /ill morn w5t out ) s&als gray2 ,he t\*'d ! t5d] /ops ( v>i\s quills1 ,) eag] ?\ght w>bl+ 8 ,doric lay3 ,& n[ ! sun _h /ret*'d out all ! hills1 ,& n[ 0 dropt into ! we/]n bay3 ,at la/ he rose1 & twit*'d 8 mantle blue3 ,to-morr[ to fre% woods1 & pa/ures new4 7,,milton3 ,lycidas2 ,epilogue4 #afch47 ,?is is a s+le /ave ( ! ottava rima1 at ! close ( ! v>y+ metrical =ms ( ,lycidas4 ,pr(essor ,corson says3 ,! ,elegy hav+ come to an end1 ! ottava rima is employ$1 ) an admirable arti/ic effect1 to m>k (f ! ,epilogue 9 :i* ,milton 444 speaks 9 8 own p]son4 ,!y look$ a manly1 g5]\s g5]ation2 ,be>ds1 %\ld]s1 eyebr[s1 broad1 & squ>e1 & ?ick1 ,_! acc5ts firm & l\d 9 conv]sation1 ,_! eyes & ge/ures eag]1 %>p1 & quick1 ,%[$ !m prep>$1 on prop] provocation1 ,to give ! lie1 pull noses1 /ab & kick2 ,& = t v reason1 x is said1 ,!y 7 s v c\rte\s & well-br$4 7,,john ,,hookham ,,fr]e3 ,! ,monks & ! ,giants4 #ahag47 ,) e morn _! love grew t5d]]1 ,) e eve deep] & t5d]] /ill2 ,he might n 9 h\se1 field1 or g>d5 /ir1 ,b h] full %ape w\ld all 8 see+ fill2 ,& 8 cont9ual voice 0 pleasant] ,to h]1 ?an noise ( trees or hidd5 rill2 ,h] lute-/r+ gave an e*o ( 8 "n1 ,%e spoilt h] half-done broid]y ) ! same4 7,,keats3 ,isabella4 #ahbj47 ,z boy1 ,i ?\ght myself a clev] fell[1 ,& wi%$ t o!rs held ! same op9ion2 ,!y took x up :5 my days grew m mell[1 ,& o!r m9ds ackn[l$g$ my dom9ion3 ,n[ my s]e fancy falls into ! yell[ ,leaf1 & ,imag9ation droops h] p9ion1 ,& ! sad tru? :i* hov]s o'er my desk ,turns :at 0 once romantic to burlesque4 7,,byron3 ,don ,juan1 canto iv4 /4 #c4 #ahba47 ,( ! ottava rima1 z us$ by ,fr]e & ,byron1 ,au/9 ,dobson says3 ,x _h already be5 us$ by ,h>r+ton1 ,drayton1 ,fairfax1 & 7z we h se57 9 lat] times by ,gay2 x _h ev5 be5 us$ by ,fr]e's contempor>y1 ,william ,t5nant2 b to ,fr]e belongs ! honor ( giv+ x ! special *>act]i/ics :i* ,byron aft]w>d popul>is$ 9 ,beppo & ,don ,juan4 ,/ructurally ! ottava rima ( ,fr]e s+ul>ly resembles t ( ,byron1 :o admitt$ t ,:i/lecraft 0 8 'imm$iate model4' 444 ,byron1 tak+ up ! /anza ) equal skill & great] g5ius1 fill$ x ) ! vigor ( 8 p]sonality1 & made x a measure ( 8 own1 :i* x has ev] s9ce be5 haz>d\s = inf]ior poets to attempt4 7,w>d's ,engli% ,poets1 vol4 iv4 p4 #bdj47 ,byron may inde$ be said--9 ! words ( ! pres5t specim5--to h turn$ :at 0 commonly a romantic /anza to burlesque4 aabaabbab ,o hie hon\r1 sweit hev9lie fl\r dege/1 ,gem v]te\s1 mai/ preci\s1 gudlie/4 ,= hie r5\n ?[ art gu]d\n cond+1 ,( wors*ip k5d ! glori\s end & re/1 ,b quhome 9 ri*t na wor?ie wi*t may le/4 ,?y greit puissance may mai/ avance all ?+1 ,& pov]all to mekill availl sone br+4 ,i ! require s5 ?[ b peir art be/1 ,t eft] ?is 9 ?y hie blis we r+4 7,,gawa9 ,,d\glas3 ,! ,palace ( ,hon\r4 ab4 #aejj47 ababcccdd ,my love is l unto ?' et]nal fire1 ,& ,i z ^? :i* !re9 d rema92 ,^: griev\s pa9s is b _! great desire ,to see ! sight :i* !y may n atta93 ,s 9 hell's heat myself ,i feel to be1 ,t am re/ra9$ by great extremity1 ,! sight ( h] :i* is s de> to me4 ,o6 puissant love6 & p[] ( great avail6 ,by :om hell may be felt e'er dea? assail6 7,,sir ,,?omas ,,wyatt3 ,( ! extreme torm5t endur$ by ! unhappy lov]4 ab4 #aeej47 ababbcbcc 7,sp5s]ian /anza7 ,by ?is ! ,nor!rne wagon] _h set ,8 sev5fold teme beh9d ! /$fa/ />re ,t 0 9 ,ocean waves yet nev] wet1 ,b firme is fixt1 & s5de? light f f>re ,to all t 9 ! wide deepe w&r+ arre2 ,& *e>efull ,*aunticl]e ) 8 note %rill ,_h w>n$ once1 t ,phoebus fi]y c>re ,9 ha/ 0 climb+ up ! ,ea/]ne hill1 ,full envi\s t night s long 8 roome did fill4 7,,sp5s]3 ,! ,fa]ie ,que5e1 bk4 i4 canto #b1 /4 #a4 #aeij47 ,& m to lulle him 9 8 slumb] s(t1 ,a trickl+ /reame f high rock tumbl+ d[ne1 ,& ev]-drizl+ ra9e ^u ! l(t1 ,mixt ) a murmur+ w9de1 mu* l ! s[ne ,( sw>m+ ,bees1 did ca/ him 9 a sw[ne4 ,no o!r noyse1 nor peoples tr\bl\s cryes1 ,z /ill are wont t'annoy ! wall$ t[ne1 ,might !re be he>d2 b c>elesse ,quiet lyes ,wrapt 9 et]nall sil5ce f>re f enimyes4 7,,sp5s]3 ib4 bk4 i4 canto #a1 /4 #da47 ,?is /anza1 :i* ,sp5s] inv5t$ = 8 own use & to :i* 8 "n is always giv51 0 app>5tly =m$ by add+ an alex&r9e to ! ababbcbc /anza ( ,*auc]4 ,9 x ,sp5s] wrote ! great] "p ( 8 poetry1 & its use m>ks ! ,sp5s]ian influ5ce :]ev] f\nd1 especially among ! poets ( ! eighte5? c5tury1--,?omson1 ,%5/one1 ,beattie1 & ! l4 ,james ,russell ,l[ell1 9 8 ,essay on ,sp5s]1 comm5ts z foll[s3 ,he f\nd ! ottava rima 444 n roomy en\gh1 s fir/ ran x ov] into ano!r l9e1 & !n ran t add$ l9e ov] into an alex&r9e1 9 :i* ! melody ( "o /anza seems =ev] long+ & feel+ =w>d aft] t :i* is to foll[4444 ,wave foll[s wave ) equable ga9+s & recessions1 ! "o slid+ back 9 flu5t music to be m+l$ ) & c>ri$ =w>d by ! next4 ,9 all ?is !re is soo?+ness1 inde$1 b no slumb]\s monotony2 = ,sp5s] 0 no m]e metri/1 b a great compos]4 ,by ! v>iety ( 8 pauses--n[ at ! close ( ! fir/ or second foot1 n[ ( ! ?ird1 & aga9 ( ! f\r?--he gives _s & en]gy to a measure ^: t5d5cy x c]ta9ly is to become languor\s4 7,works1 vol4 iv4 pp4 #cbh1 #cbi47 ,see also ! *apt]s on ! ,sp5s]ian /anza 9 ,corson's ,prim] ( ,engli% ,v]se1 :]e its use = pictorial effects is int]e/+ly discuss$4 ,a pleas+ l& ( dr[sy-head x 01 ,( dreams t wave be=e ! half-%ut eye1 ,& ( gay ca/les 9 ! cl\ds t pass1 ,=ev] flu%+ r\nd a summ] sky3 ,!re eke ! s(t delights1 t wit*+ly ,in/il a wanton sweetness ?r\gh ! brea/1 ,& ! calm pleasures always hov]$ nigh2 ,b :ate'er smack$ ( noyaunce1 or unre/1 ,0 f> f> (f expell$ f ?is delici\s ne/4 7,,?omson3 ,! ,ca/le ( ,indol5ce1 canto i4 #agdh47 ,h] cap1 f> :it] ?an ! driv5 sn[1 ,emblem "r meet ( dec5cy does yield3 ,h] apron dy$ 9 gra91 z blue1 ,i tr[e1 ,z is ! h>e-bell t adorns ! field3 ,& 9 h] h&1 = sceptre1 %e does wield ,tway bir*5 sprays1 ) anxi\s fe> entw9$1 ,) d>k di/ru/ & sad rep5tance fill$1 ,& /$fa/ hate1 & %>p affliction jo9$1 ,& fury uncontroll$ & *a/isem5t unk9d4 7,,%5/one3 ,! ,s*oolmi/ress4 #agdb47 ,?omson's ,ca/le ( ,indol5ce1 al?\gh n publi%$ till #agdh1 seems to h be5 writt5 & circulat$ be=e ,%5/one's ,s*oolmi/ress4 ,?omson caught ! _s ( ,sp5s] & 8 /anza bett] ?an any o!r imitator until ! days ( ,keats4 ,on ! revival ( ! /anza at ?is p]iod1 see ,be]s's ,engli% ,romanticism 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury1 *ap4 iii41 on ! ,sp5s]ians4 ,e>lie/ ( ! gr\p1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,gosse1 0 ,ak5side's ,virtuoso 7#agcg4 ,see ,eighte5? ,c5tury ,lit]ature1 p4 #caa74 ,o ,scotia6 my de>1 my native soil6 ,= :om my w>me/ wi% to ,heav5 is s5t1 ,long may ?y h>dy sons ( ru/ic toil ,be ble/ ) heal?1 & peace1 & sweet cont5t6 ,& oh1 may ,heav5 _! simple lives prev5t ,f luxury's contagion1 weak & vile6 ,!n1 h[e'er cr[ns & coronets be r5t1 ,a virtu\s populace may rise ! :ile1 ,& /& a wall ( fire ar\nd _! mu*-lov$ ,isle4 7,,burns3 ,! ,cott]'s ,saturday ,night4 #aghe47 ,i /ood 9 ,v5ice1 on ! ,bridge ( ,sighs2 ,a palace & a prison on ea* h&3 ,i saw f out ! wave h] /ructures rise ,z f ! /roke ( ! en*ant]'s w&3 ,a ?\s& ye>s _! cl\dy w+s exp& ,ar\nd me1 & a dy+ glory smiles ,o'er ! f> times1 :5 _m a subject l& ,look$ to ! w+$ ,lion's m>ble piles1 ,:]e ,v5ice sate 9 /ate1 ?ron$ on h] hundr$ isles4 7,,byron3 ,*ilde ,h>old's ,pilgrimage1 canto iv1 /4 i4 #ahah47 ,a casem5t high & triple-ar*'d !re 01 ,all g>l&$ ) c>v5 imag'ries ,( fruits1 & fl[]s1 & bun*es ( knot-grass1 ,& diamond$ ) panes ( qua9t device1 ,innum]able ( /a9s & spl5did dyes1 ,z are ! tig]-mo?'s deep-damask'd w+s2 ,& 9 ! mid/1 'mong ?\s& h]aldries1 ,& twilight sa9ts1 & dim emblazon+s1 ,a %ield$ scut*eon blu%'d ) blood ( que5s & k+s4 7,,keats3 ,eve ( ,/4 ,agnes4 #ahbj47 ,pr(essor ,corson rem>ks3 ,probably no ,engli% poet :o has us$ ! ,sp5s]ian /anza1 fir/ assimilat$ s fully ! _s ( ,sp5s]1 444 z did ,keats2 & to ?is fact may be p>tly attribut$ 8 effective use ( x z an organ = 8 imag9ation 9 its 'l+]+1 lov+1 p>ticul>iz+ mood4' 7,prim] ( ,engli% ,v]se1 p4 #abd47 ,! spl5dors ( ! firmam5t ( "t ,may be eclips'd1 b are ext+ui%'d n2 ,l />s to _! appo9t$ height !y climb1 ,& dea? is a l[ mi/ :i* _c blot ,! brightness x may veil4 ,:5 l(ty ?\ght ,lifts a "y he>t above its mortal lair1 ,& love & life cont5d 9 x = :at ,%all be its e>?ly doom1 ! dead live !re ,& move l w9ds ( light on d>k & /ormy air4 7,,%elley3 ,adonais1 /4 #dd4 #ahba47 ,) ref]5ce to 8 use ( ?is /anza ,%elley rem>k$1 9 ! ,preface to ,! ,revolt ( ,islam3 ,i h adopt$ ! /anza ( ,sp5s] 7a measure inexpressibly beautiful71 n because ,i consid] x a f9] model ( poetical h>mony ?an ! blank v]se ( ,%akespe>e & ,milton1 b because 9 ! latt] !re is no %elt] = m$iocrity3 y mu/ ei!r succe$ or fail4444 ,b ,i 0 entic$ also by ! brilliancy & magnific5ce ( s\nd :i* a m9d t has be5 n\ri%$ ^u musical ?\ghts c produce by a j & h>moni\s arrangem5t ( ! pauses ( ?is measure4 ,pr(essor ,corson 7,prim] ( ,engli% ,v]se1 p4 #aab7 quotes ,mr4 ,todhunt] z say+3 ,comp>e ! impetu\s rapidity & pale int5sity ( ,%elley's v]se ) ! lull+ h>mony1 ! l+]+ cad5ce1 ! voluptu\s color ( ,sp5s]'s1 or ) ! gr&iose maje/y ( ,byron's4444 ,9 ,adonais1 inde$1 a poem on :i* he be/[$ mu* labor1 he h&les ! /anza 9 a ma/]ly mann]1 & end[s x ) an individual music beautiful & new4 ,c\rage6 he said1 & po9t$ t[>d ! l&1 ,?is m\nt+ wave w roll u %orew>d soon4 ,9 ! aft]noon !y came unto a l& ,9 :i* x seem$ always aft]noon4 ,all r\nd ! coa/ ! languid air did swoon1 ,brea?+ l "o t ha? a we>y dream4 ,full-fac$ above ! valley /ood ! moon2 ,& l a d[nw>d smoke1 ! sl5d] /ream ,along ! cliff to fall & pause & fall did seem4 7,,t5nyson3 ,! ,lotos-,eat]s4 #ahcc47 abababccc ,a fi%] boy1 t nev] knew 8 pe] ,9 da9ty songs1 ! g5tle ,?omal91 ,) fold$ arms1 deep sighs1 & heavy *e]1 ,:]e hundr$ nymphs1 & hundr$ muses 91 ,sunk d[n by ,*amus' br9ks2 ) him 8 de> ,de> ,?yrsil lay2 (t times w\ld he beg9 ,to cure 8 grief1 & bett] way advise2 ,b /ill 8 words1 :5 8 sad fri5d he spies1 ,=sook 8 sil5t tongue1 to speak 9 watry eyes4 7,,ph9eas ,,flet*]3 ,piscatory ,eclogues4 ab4 #afcj47 ,flet*] 0 an imitator ( ,sp5s]1 & "h devises a /anza diff]+ little f 8 ma/]'s4 ,! f9al alex&r9e is us$ ) ! same effect4 ,= o!r in/ances ( f9al alex&r9es1 d\btless us$ "u ! g5]al influ5ce ( ! ,sp5s]ian /anza1 see ! foll[+ specim5s4 aabaabcc ,r+ out1 ye cry/al sph]es6 ,once bless our human e>s1 ,if ye h p[] to t\* our s5ses s2 ,& let y\r silv] *ime ,move 9 melodi\s "t2 ,& let ! bass ( heav5's deep organ bl[2 ,& ) y\r n9efold h>mony1 ,make up full consort to ! angelic symphony4 7,,milton3 ,on ! ,morn+ ( ,*ri/'s ,nativity4 #afbi47 ababbcbcdd ,:at8 lla dead8 & ,b]?a dy+ too8 ,s fall ! faire/ fl[rets ( ! pla94 ,:o c unfold ! works t heav5 c d1 ,or :o untwi/ ! roll ( fate 9 twa98 lla1 ?y glory 0 ?y only ga92 ,= t1 ?y pleasure & ?y joy 0 lo/4 ,?y c\ntrym5 %all re> !e on ! pla9 ,a pile ( /ones1 z any grave c boa/4 ,fur!r1 a j rew>d to !e to be1 ,9 heav5 ?\ s+ ( ,god1 on e>? we'll s+ ( !e4 7,,*att]ton3 lla1 /4 #adg4 #agfh47 ,?is is ! t5-l9e ,*att]ton /anza1 a v>iant ( ! ,sp5s]ian /anza1 devis$ by ,*att]ton1 :i* he claim$ ante-dat$ ,sp5s] by "o or two c5turies4 ,8 claim = x 0 ( c\rse purely fictiti\s4 aabbbcc ,build !e m /ately mansions1 ,o my s\l1 ,z ! swift seasons roll6 ,leave ?y l[-vault$ pa/6 ,let ea* new temple1 nobl] ?an ! la/1 ,%ut !e f heav5 ) a dome m va/1 ,till ?\ at l5g? art free1 ,leav+ ?9e outgr[n %ell by life's unre/+ sea6 7,,oliv] ,,w5dell ,,holmes3 ,! ,*amb]$ ,nautilus4 #aheh47 ,see also ! notable use ( ! alex&r9e 9 ,%elley's ,skyl>k1 p4 #cd1 above4 ababababbcbc ,! dubbem5t d]e ( d\n & dalez1 ,( wod & wat] & wlonke playnez1 ,bylde 9 me blys1 abat$ my balez1 ,=didde my /resse1 dy/ry$ my paynez4 ,d\n aft] a /rem t dryghly halez1 ,i b[$ 9 blys1 br$-ful my braynez2 ,! fyrre ,i folgh$ ^? floty valez1 ,! m /r5gh! ( joye myn h]te /raynez1 ,z =tune f>es !ras ho fraynez1 ,:e!r solace ho s5de o!r ellez sore1 ,! wygh1 to :am h] wylle ho waynez1 ,hyttez to h ay m & m4 7,! ,pe>l1 /4 xi4 ,f\rte5? c5tury47 ,mr4 ,israel ,gollancz says1 9 8 ,introduction to ?is poem3 ,i c po9t to no direct s\rce to :i* ! poet ( ,pe>l 0 indebt$ = 8 measure2 t x ultimately belongs to ,romance poetry ,i h little d\bt4 ,^! twelve-l9e v]ses seem to me to resemble ! e>lie/ =m ( ! sonnet m ?an any?+ else ,i h z yet discov]$4444 ,be ?is z x may1 all w1 ,i hope1 recognize t !re is a di/9ct ga9 9 giv+ to ! #aja /anzas ( ! poem ! appe>ance ( a sonnet sequ5ce1 m>k+ cle>ly ! break betwe5 ! initial octave & ! clos+ quatra94444 ,! refra91 ! repetition ( ! cat*-^w ( ea* v]se1 ! trammels ( allit]ation1 all seem to h (f]$ no difficulty to our poet2 & if p[] ov] te*nical difficulties con/itutes 9 any way a poet's greatness1 ! au?or ( ,pe>l1 f ?is po9t ( view alone1 mu/ take high rank among ,engli% poets4 7,introduction1 pp4 xxiv1 xxv47 ,o!r examples ( intricate /anza /ructure are f\nd 9 ,sir ,gawa9 & ! ,gre5 ,knight1 suppos$ to be by ! au?or ( ,pe>l4 ,see 9 ,"p ,two1 p4 #aef4 aabccbddbeebffgggf ,ne mai no lew$ lu$ libb5 9 londe1 be he nev] 9 hyrt s hav] ( honde1 ,s l]$e u bil$es4 ghef i* on molde mote wi a mai1 y %al falle hem by=e lurn5 hu]e lay1 ant rew5 alle hu]e r$es4 ah bote y be e furme day on folde hem by=e1 ne %aly n\t s sk]e scap5 ( hu]e score2 s grimly he on me gr$es1 at y ne mot me l$e er wi mi lawe2 on alle man] oes at heo me wulle awe1 heore boc ase on br$es4 heo w5de bokes on brad1 ant make m5 a mone a mad2 ( scae y wol me sk]e1 ant fleo f my f]e2 ne rohte hem :et yt 71 bot5 heo hit _h4#aj 7,song f ,h>leian ,,ms4 #bbec4 ,bddek]'s ,alt5glis*e ,di*tung51 p4 #aji47 ,?is & ! two foll[+ specim5s1 toge!r ) "s includ$ e>li] "u ! head ( ,tail-,rime1 illu/rate ! int]e/ 9 complex lyrical measures *>act]i/ic ( ! p]iod ( ,fr5* influ5ce 9 ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies4 ,9 #aaeb ,h5ry ( ,norm&y 7:o asc5d$ ! ?rone 9 #aaed7 m>ri$ ,eleanor ( ,poit\1 & 9 h] tra9 !re came to ,engl& ! great tr\bad\r ,b]n>t de ,v5tadorn4 ,on ! poems ( ?is tr\bad\r & o!rs ( ! same s*ool1 see t5 ,br9k's ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,k5n$y translation1 vol4 i4 pp4 #aei-afd4 ,o!r tr\bad\rs foll[$1 & f\nd a home 9 ! c\rt ( ,ri*>d ! ,lion-,he>t$1 :o himself ent]$ ! ranks ( ! poets4 ,! result 0 a great mass ( ,norman ,fr5* lyrical poetry1 (t5 9 intricate =ms1 & a small] mass ( imitative lyrics 9 ,middle ,engli%4 ,z ,s*ipp] obs]ves1 ! elaborate lyrical =ms 7 inconsi/5t ) ,engli% ta/e1 & x 0 only ! simpl] ones :i* 7 widely adopt$4 ,on ! g5]al "* ( ! ,romance /anza-=ms1 & _! influ5ce 9 ,engl&1 see ,s*ipp]1 vol4 i4 pp4 #cji ff4 ababccde$ ,iesu1 = i mu*ele miht ou ghef u ( i grace1 at we m[e dai nyht enk5 o i face4 9 myn h]te hit d me god1 :5 y enke on iesu blod1 at ran d\n bi ys syde1 f is h]te d\n to is fot2 = ous he spradde is h]te blod1 8 wondes 7 s wyde4 7,song f ,h>leian ,,ms4 #bbec2 9 ,bddek]'s ,alt5glis*e ,di*tung51 p4 #bjh47 aabccbddbeeb ,l5t5 ys come wi love to t\ne1 wi blosm5 wi briddes r\ne1 at al is blisse brynge2 dayes eghes 9 is dales1 notes suete ( nyhtegales1 u* f\l song s+e4 e re/elcoc him rete oo2 away is hu]e wynt] woo1 :5 wod]ove spr+e4 is f\les s+e f]ly fele1 ant wlyte on hu]e wynt] wele1 at al e wode rynge4 7,song f ,h>leian ,,ms4 #bbec2 ,bddek]'s ,alt5glis*e ,di*tung51 p4 #afd47 abcbdcdceccce ,tr[e ghe1 sores1 & ,god s5t an angell ,& commawndyd ghow ghowr *yld to slayn1 ,be ghowr tr[! ys !r ony ( ghow ,t ey!r wold gro*e or /ryve !r-ageyn8 ,h[ ?yngke ghe n[1 sorys1 !r-by8 ,i tr[ !r be iii or iiii or moo4 ,& ?ys wom5 t wepe s sor[fully ,:an t hyr *yldryn dey !m froo1 ,z nat] woll & kynd1-- ,yt ys b folly1 ,i may well awooe1 ,to gro*e a-ghens ,god or to greve ghow1 ,= ghe s*all nev] se hym mys*evyd1 wyll ,i "k1 ,be lond nor watyr1 h ?ys 9 mynd4 7,epilogue ( ,brome ,play ( ,abraham & ,isaac4 ,9 ,manly's ,specim5s ( ! ,pre-,%aksp]ean ,drama1 vol4 i4 p4 #ef47 ,?is v]se ( ! e>ly ,my/]y ,plays & connect$ =ms ( ! drama %[s an extraord9>y v>iety ( measures4 ,9 g5]al1 ! ef=t ( ! writ]s seems to h be5 to %[ "s arti/ic +5uity ( /ructure1 & at ! same "t keep to ! free popul> dialogue v]se :i* 0 associat$ ) ! plays4 ,we f9d1 !re=e1 tumbl+ v]se1 alex&r9es1 sept5>ies1 & intricate /rophic =ms1 all commonly writt5 ) slight reg>d = syllable-c\nt+ pr9ciples4 ,,footnotes3 #h ,!re is a s+le well-kn[n exception3 ! ,anglo-,saxon poem kn[n z ,deor's ,lam5t1 :i* is divid$ into irregul>ly v>y+ /rophes1 all end+ ) ! same refra94 7,see t5 ,br9k's ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,k5n$y translation1 vol4 i1 p4 #fj47 ,see also on ! /rophic =mation ( ! ,fir/ ,riddle ( ,cynewulf1 an article by ,w4 ,w4 ,lawr5ce1 9 ,publications ( ! ,mod4 ,lang4 ,assoc41 ,n4,s4 vol4 x4 p4 #bdg4 #i ,gascoigne1 9 8 ,notes ( ,in/ruction 7#aege71 m5tions ?is =m ( /anza z a royall k9de ( v]se1 s]v+ be/ = grave disc\rses1 a /atem5t 9 :i* he is foll[$ by ,k+ ,james 9 8 ,reulis & ,cautelis 7#aehe74 ,putt5ham1 9 ! ,arte ( ,engli% ,poesie 7#aehi71 speaks ( ! /anza z ! *iefe ( our anci5t proportions us$ by any rim] writ+ any ?+ ( hi/orical or grave poeme1 z ye may see 9 ,*auc] & ,lidgate4 7,arb] ,repr9t1 p4 #hj47 #aj ,! app5dage to a /anza1 bas$ on "o or m %ort l9es1 is sometimes call$ a bob-:eel4 ,see ,gue/'s ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,rhy?ms1 ,skeat ed41 pp4 #fba ff41 = an acc\nt ( v>i\s =ms ( ^! :eels4 ,,iv4 ,,tone-,,quality ,! quality ( ! s\nds ( ! words us$ 9 v]se1 al?\gh 9 no way conc]n$ 9 ! rhy?m1 is an elem5t ( "s importance4 ,! s\nd-quality may be us$ 9 ei!r ( two ways3 z a regul> cord9at+ elem5t 9 ! /ructure ( ! v]se1 or z a sporadic elem5t 9 ! beauty or melody ( ! v]se4 ,a4 ,,z ,a ,,/ructural ,,elem5t ,9 ?is capacity1 simil> qualities ( s\nd indicate cord9at$ p>ts ( ! v]se-/ructure1 ?us emphasiz+ ! idea ( simil>ity 7correspond+ to t ( symmetry 9 arts express$ 9 space7 :i* is at ! v basis ( rhy?mical composition4 ,obvi\sly1 ! simil>ity may exi/ betwe5 v[el s\nds1 consonant s\nds1 or bo?2 m specifically1 x is f\nd ei!r 9 initial consonants1 9 acc5t$ v[els1 or 9 acc5t$ v[els plus f9al consonants4 ,prop]ly speak+1 ! t]m ,rime is applicable to all ?ree cases2 ! fir/ be+ di/+ui%$ z initial rime or ,allit]ation 7,g]man ,anreim or ,/abreim72 ! second z ,assonance 7,/immreim71 ! ?ird z complete ,rime 7,vollreim74 ,engli% usage commonly res]ves ! t]m ,rime = ! ?ird class4 i4 ,assonance ,assonance 0 ! *>act]i/ic cord9at+ elem5t 9 ! v]se ( ! e>ly ,romance languages1 ! ,prov5al1 ,old ,fr5*1 & ,spani%4 ,?us 9 ! ,*anson de ,rol& 7elev5? c5tury7 we f9d ! v]ses ( ea* laisse1 or /rophe1 b\nd toge!r by assonance4 ,frequ5tly ?is develops into full rime by *ance or conv5i5ce4 ,! foll[+ is a *>act]i/ic gr\p ( v]ses f ! ,rol&3 ,li reis ,m>silies e/eit en ,s>ragoce4 ,alez en e/ un v]gi] soz l'ombre2 ,sor un p$ron de m>bre bloi se col*et3 ,environ lui at plus de v9t milie homes4 ,il en apelet et ses dus et ses contes3 ,odez1 seignor1 quels pe*iez nos encombret4 ,li emp]$re ,*>les de ,france dolce ,en ce/ pais nos e/ v5uz confondre4 ,! foll[+ specim5 ( ,old ,spani% v]se %[s ! nature ( assonance z regul>ly us$ 9 t language3 ,fablo myo id bi5 e tan mesurado3 ,grado a ti1 seor padre1 que e/as en alto6 ,e/o me han buelto myos enemigos malos4 ,alli pieussan de aguij>1 alli sueltan las rri5das4 ,a la exida de ,biv> ovi]on la corneja die/ra1 ,e entr&o a ,burgos ovi]on la s9ie/ra4 ,meio myo id los ombros e engrameo la tie/a3 ,albricia1 ,alb>ffanez1 ca e*ados somos de ti]ra6 7,poema del ,cid4 ,twelf? c5tury47 ,maid51 cr[n$ ) glossy blackness1 ,li! z pan!r =e/-roam+1 ,long-arm$ naiad1 :5 %e dances1 ,on a /ream ( e!r float+1-- ,bright1 ,o bright ,f$alma6 ,=m all curves l s(tness drift$1 ,wave-kiss$ m>ble r\ndly dimpl+1 ,f>-(f music sl[ly w+$1 ,g5tly ris+1 g5tly s9k+1-- ,bright1 ,o bright ,f$alma6 7,,george ,,eliot3 ,song f ,! ,spani% ,gypsy1 book i47 ,?is song 0 writt5 9 av[$ imitation ( ! ,spani% v]se1 illu/rat+ its prevail+ly tro*aic rhy?m z well z allit]ation4 ,else:]e v]se b\nd toge!r only by assonance is almo/ unkn[n 9 ,engli% poetry4 ,9 ! ,contempor>y ,review = ,novemb]1 #ahid1 ,mr4 ,william ,l>m9ie has an int]e/+ article giv+ a favorable acc\nt ( ! use ( assonance 9 ,celtic 7,iri%7 v]se1 & propos+ its l>g] use 9 ,engli% poetry1 z a relief f !--to him--almo/ cloy+ elaborat5ess ( rime4 ,9 ! foll[+ specim51 assonance seems 9 "s measure to take ! place ( rime4 ,haply1 ! riv] ( ,"t-- ,z x gr[s1 z ! t[ns on its m>ge ,fl+ _! wav]+ lights ,on a wid]1 /ateli] /ream-- ,may acquire1 if n ! calm ,( its e>ly m\nta9\s %ore1 ,yet a solemn peace ( its own4 ,& ! wid? ( ! wat]s1 ! hu% ,( ! gray expanse :]e he floats1 ,fre%5+ its curr5t & spott$ ) foam ,z x draws to ! ocean1 may /rike ,peace to ! s\l ( ! man on its brea/1-- ,z ! pale wa/e wid5s ar\nd him1 ,z ! banks fade dimm] away1 ,z ! />s come out1 & ! night-w9d ,br+s up ! /ream ,murmurs & sc5ts ( ! inf9ite sea4 7,,mat!w ,,arnold3 ,! ,future47 ii4 ,allit]ation ,allit]ation appe>s sporadically 9 ! v]se ( all lit]>y languages1 b z a means = ! cord9ation ( v]se x is *>act]i/ic ( ! primitive ,g]manic tongues4 ,hwt6 we nu gehyrdan1 hu t hlube>n urh 8 hyd]cyme hals eft =geaf1 ,gefreode ond gefreoade folc "u wolcnum ,mre meotudes sunu1 t nu monna gehwylc1 ,cwic endan h] wuna1 geceosan mot ,swa helle hi5u swa he(ones mru1 ,swa t leohte leoht swa a laan niht1 ,swa rymmes rce swa y/ra wrce1 ,swa mid dryht5 dream swa mid de(lum hream1 ,swa wite mid wraum swa wuldor mid arum1 ,swa lif swa dea1 swa him le(re bi ,to gefremmanne1 end5 flsc ond g/ ,wunia 9 worulde4 ,wuldor s age rynysse rym1 onc butan ende6 7,,cynewulf3 ,cri/4 ll4 #ehf-eii4 ,eigh? c5tury47 ,?is specim5 repres5ts ! use ( allit]ation 9 ! mo/ regul>ly con/ruct$ ,anglo-,saxon v]se4 ,! two half-l9es are unit$ into ! long l9e by ! same initial consonant 9 ! important syllables4 ,9 ! fir/ half-l9e ! allit]ation is on ! two pr9cipally /ress$ syllables1 or on "o ( !m alone 7mo/ frequ5tly ! fir/72 9 ! second half-l9e x is commonly f\nd only on ! fir/4 ,allit]at+ un/ress$ syllables are usually reg>d$ z m]ely accid5tal4 ,any initial v[el s\nd allit]ates ) any o!r v[el s\nd4 ,! mo/ regul> v]se appe>s 9 ,anglo-,saxon poetry ( :at may be call$ ! classical p]iod1--#gjj ,a4,d4 & = a c5tury foll[+1--repres5t$ by ,be[ulf & ! poems ( ,cynewulf4 ,by ! "t ( lfric1 :o wrote ab\t #ajjj ,a4,d41 !re appe> signs ( a break+ 9 ! regul> v]se-=m4 7,see ,s*ipp]1 vol4 i4 pp4 #fj ff47 ,= example1 two allit]ative syllables (t5 appe> 9 ! second half-l9e2 "o half-l9e may be )\t allit]ation2 allit]ation may b9d diff]5t long-l9es toge!r2 or allit]ation may be altoge!r want+4 ,!re are also additions ( _m light syllables1 result+ almo/1 z ,s*ipp] obs]ves1 9 rhy?mical prose4 ,^! t5d5cies result$ 9 ! :olly irregul> use ( allit]ation appe>+ 9 mu* ( ! v]se ( ! e>ly ,middle ,engli% p]iod1 illu/rat$ 9 ! specim5s t foll[4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! orig9s ( allit]ation 9 ,g]manic v]se are lo/ 9 ! g5]al mass ( ,g]manic orig9s4 ,x is almo/ univ]sally reg>d$ z a purely native developm5t1 al?\gh ,m4 ,kawczynski 7,essai ,comp>atif sur l',orig9e et l',hi/oire des ,ry?mes2 ,p>is1 #ahhi7 sets =? ! rem>kable op9ion t ! ,g]mans d]iv$ _! allit]ation f ! ,romans4 ,we mu/ rememb]1 he says1 ! s*ools ( rhetoric exi/+ 9 ,gaul 9 ! six? & sev5? c5turies1 :]e allit]ation seems to h be5 held 9 e/eem4444 ,x became m & m frequ5t 9 ! ,lat9 poetry ( ! ,c>lov+ian p]iod1 & x w suffice to cite "h ! foll[+ v]ses f ,milo ( ,sa9t ,am&3 ',pa/ores pecum primi pressique pavore ,conspicuos cives c>m5 caele/e can5tes ,audiv]e a/ris arrectis auribus2 auctor ,ad t]ras 444' ,x e>ly pass$ to ,irel&1 & ! ,iri% made use ( x 9 _! ,lat9 poetry & 9 _! national poetry4 ,! example ( ! ,iri% 0 foll[$ by ! ,anglo-,saxons1 al?\gh ^! la/ _h d]iv$ ! same rules f ! ,lat9 writ]s4444 ,! ,anglo-,saxons1 :o s5t ! second s]ies ( apo/les to ! ,g]mans1 taught !m ! use ( allit]ation 9 poetry4 ,! ,sc&9avians1 on _! side1 le>n$ x also f ! ,anglo-,saxons4 ,?is !ory has f\nd no adh]5ts among s*ol>s1 & ,m4 ,kawczynski's illu/rations are probably mo/ useful 9 emphasiz+ ! natural pleasure 9 simil>ity ( s\nd f\nd among all peoples4 ,see bel[1 on ! relat$ "q ( ! orig9 ( end-rime4 e leun /ant on hille1 & he man hunt5 "h1 oer urg 8 nese smel1 smake t he negge1 bi wilc weie s he wile to dele nier w5d51 alle hise fet /eppes aft] him he fille1 drage du/ wi 8 /]t er he /eppe1 oer du/ oer deu1 at he ne cunne is f9d51 drive dun to 8 d5 ar he him b]g5 wille4 7,! ,be/i>y1 f ,,ms4 ,arundel4 ,9 ,mtzn]'s ,alt5glis*e ,spra*prob51 vol4 i4 p4 #eg47 ,see also ! specim5 f ,bddek]1 p4 #ad1 above4 ,cri/es milde mod]1 seynte ,m>ie1 m9es lives leome1 mi leove lefdi1 to e i* buwe & m9e kneon i* beie1 & al m9 heorte blod to e i* (frie4 7,on ,god ,ureisun ( ure ,lefdi4 ,9 ,morris's ,old ,engli% ,homilies1 fir/ s]ies1 p4 #aia4 ,zupitza's ,alt-und ,mittel5glis*es bungsbu*1 p4 #gf47 ,ka] ,leir hehte e burh3 le( heo wes an k+e4 a we an ure leod-quide3 ,leir*e/re cleia4 ghe>e a an holde daw53 heo wes swie ael burh4 seoen er seh t[>d3 swie mu*el seorwe4 at heo wes al =-f>53 urh ere leod5e vl4 ,sixti w9t] hefde ,leir3 is lond al to weld54 e k+ hefde reo dohtr53 bi 8 drihli*e qu54 nefde he n5ne sune3 er =e he w> s>i4 8 manscipe to hold53 but5 a reo dohtr54 a lde/e doht] haihte ,gornoille3 a oer ,ragau4 a ridde ,cordoille4 7,,layamon3 ,brut1 ll4 #biab-bica4 ,madd5 ed41 vol4 i4 p4 #abc4 ab4 #abjj47 ,! ,brut ( ,layamon repres5ts typically ! transition p]iod1 :5 allit]ation & end-rime 7 /ruggl+ = ! ma/]y 9 ,engli% v]se4 ,s*ipp] po9ts out t we f9d 9 ! poem f\r k9ds ( l9es3 #a4 ,simple allit]ative l9es 9 m or less /rict adh]5ce to ! old rules4 #b4 ,l9es comb9+ allit]ation & rime or allit]ation & assonance4 #c4 ,l9es %[+ rime or assonance1 )\t allit]ation4 #d4 ,f\r-/ress l9es ) nei!r rime nor allit]ation4 ,! pres5t specim5 %[s ! pref]5ce = allit]ation2 t on p4 #abg1 bel[1 repres5ts ! introduction ( rime4 ,9 a som] seson 4 :an s(t 0 ! sonne1 ,i %ope me 9 %r\des 4 z ,i a %epe 71 ,9 habite z an h]emite 4 unholy ( workes1 ,w5t wyde 9 ?is _w 4 wondres to "h4 ,ac on a ,may mornynge 4 on ,malv]ne hulles ,me byfel a f]ly 4 ( fairy me ?\ghte2 ,i 0 w]y =w&r$ 4 & w5t me to re/e ,"u a brode banke 4 bi a bornes side1 ,& z ,i lay & l5$ 4 & lok$ 9 ! wat]es1 ,i slombr$ 9 a slepyng 4 x sweyv$ s m]ye4 7,,william ,,langl& 7873 ,pi]s ! ,pl[man1 ,prologue1 ll4 #a-aj4 ,b-text4 ,f\rte5? c5tury47 ,pi]s ! ,pl[man repres5ts ! revival ( ! allit]ative long l9e1 ) fairly /rict adh]5ce to ! old rules1 by contempor>ies ( ,*auc]1 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,= ?is v]se1 see fur!r 9 ,"p ,two1 pp4 #aee1 #aef4 ,apon ! ,midsum] ev91 mirre/ ( ni*tis1 ,i muvit fur? allane1 neir z midni*t wes pa/1 ,besyd ane gudlie gr5e g>?1 full ( gay fl\ris1 ,hegeit1 ( ane huge hi*t1 ) haw?orne treis2 ,quhairon ane bird1 on ane brans*e1 s bir/ out hir notis ,t nev] ane bly?full> bird 0 on ! beu*e h>de3 ,quhat ?r[ ! sug>at s\nd ( hir sang glaid1 ,& ?r[ ! sav> sanative ( ! sueit fl\ris2 ,i drew 9 d]ne to ! dyk to dirk9 eftir myr?is2 ,! dew donkit ! daill1 & dyn>it ! f\lis4 7,,william ,,dunb>3 ,! ,tua ,m>iit ,wem5 & ! ,w$o1 ll4 #a-aj4 ,ed4 ,scotti% ,text ,society1 vol ii4 p4 #cj47 ,see notes on ,dunb> z a metri/1 9 ?is edition1 vol4 i4 pp4 cxlix & clxxii1 & ,t4 ,f4 ,h5d]son's ,scotti% ,v]nacul> ,lit]ature1 pp4 #aec-afd4 ,allit]ation z an organic elem5t ( v]se 0 especially favor$ 9 ! ,nor? c\ntry1 & its popul>ity 9 ,scotl&--illu/rat$ 9 ! pres5t specim5 f ,dunb>--consid]ably outla/$ its use 9 ,engl&4 ,! fam\s words ( ,*auc]'s ,p>son w be recall$3 ,b tru/e? wel1 ,i am a ,s\?r5 man1 ,i c nat ge/e--rum1 ram1 ruf--by lettre4 ,we f9d ,k+ ,james1 z late z #aehe 7,reulis & ,cautelis71 giv+ ! foll[+ in/ructions3 ,let all y\r v]se be ,lit]all1 sa f> z may be1 444 bot speciallie ,tumbl+ v]se = flyt+4 ,by ,lit]all ,i meane1 t ! mai/ "p ( y\r lyne sall rynne ^u a lett]1 z ?is tumbl+ lyne rynnis ^u ,f3 ,fet*+ fude = to feid x fa/ fur? ( ! ,f>ie4 ,! foll[+ specim5 is "o ( ! late/ examples ( fairly regul> allit]ative v]se1 writt5 9 ,engl&1 t has come d[n to u4 ,x is f a ballad ( ! battle ( ,flodd5 ,field 7#aeac74 ,ar*]s utt]$ out _! arr[es1 & eg]lie !y %ott54 ,!y pro*$ u ) spe>es1 & put _m ov]1 ,t ! blood outbra/ at !re brok5 h>ni%4 ,!re 0 sw++ out ( swords1 & swapp+ ( headds2 ,we blank$ !m ) bills ?r\gh all _! bright armor1 ,t all ! dale dunn$ ( _! d]fe /rokes4 7,scoti%e ,ffielde1 f ,p]cy's ,folio ,,ms4 ,9 ,,fl,,gel',s ,neu5glis*es ,lesebu*1 vol4 i4 p4 #aef47 iii4 ,rime 7i4e4 end-rime7 ,full rime1 or end-rime1 involves ! pr9cipally /ress$ v[el 9 ! rim+ ^w1 & all t foll[s t v[el4 ,:5 !re is an entire un/ress$ syllable foll[+1 ! rime is call$ d\ble1 or fem99e4 ,triple rime is also recogniz$1 ?\gh r>e4#aa ,end-rime be+ a /rang] to ! e>ly ,g]manic languages1 its appe>ance 9 any ( !m may commonly be tak5 z a sign ( =eign influ5ce4 ,9 g5]al1 ( c\rse1 rime & ! /anza 7 introduc$ toge!r into ,engli% v]se1 "u ! influ5ce ( ,lat9 hymns & ,fr5* lyrics4 ,! functions ( rime 9 ,engli% v]se may p]haps be gr\p$ "u ?ree heads3 ! function ( emphasis1 ! function ( =m+ beautiful or pleasurable s\nds1 & ! function ( comb9+ or organiz+ ! v]ses4 ,x is ) ref]5ce to ! fir/ ( ^! t ,pr(essor ,corson speaks ( rime z an en=c+ ag5cy ( ! individual v]se4 ,"u ! second head rime is consid]$ simply z a =m ( tone-color1 & z furni%+ a "p ( ! melody ( v]se4 ,! ?ird function1 by :i* individual v]ses are b\nd into /anzas1 is1 9 a s5se1 ! mo/ important4 ,on ! subject ( ! /hetic values ( rime1 see ! *apt] on poetic unities 9 ,corson's ,prim] ( ,engli% ,v]se1 & ,ehr5feld's ,/udi5 zur ,!orie des ,reims 7,zri*1 #ahig74 ,! problem ( ! relative values ( rim$ & unrim$ v]se w come up 9 connection ) ! hi/ory ( ! h]oic c\plet & ( blank v]se4 ,! objection always urg$ aga9/ rime is t its dem&s are likely to turn ! poet aside f ! normal ord] ( 8 ideas4 ,h]d]1 z ,ehr5feld po9ts out1 ?\ght t ?is 0 p>ticul>ly true ( ,engli% v]se1 ! un9flect$ language n provid+ s naturally = cases :]e ?\ght & s\nd are p>allel4 ,a rec5t prote/ aga9/ ! tyranny ( rime is f\nd 9 ! article by ,mr4 ,l>m9ie1 cit$ on page #aae1 :]e x is claim$ t undue att5tion to =m is ?9n+ out ! sub/ance ( mod]n poetry1 & t ! dem&s ( rime %\ld be relax$4 ,see also ,b5 ,jonson's ,fit ( ,rhyme aga9/ ,rhyme1 = a humor\s compla9t aga9/ ! requirem5ts ( rime ^u ! poet4 ,! orig9 ( rime has be5 a subject ( prolong$ controv]sy4 ,see ! monograph by ,ehr5feld already cit$2 ,mey]'s ,anfang und ,ursprung d] ry?mis*5 ,di*tung 7,muni*1 #ahhd72 ,w4 ,grimm's ,ges*i*te des ,reims 7#ahea72 ,nord5's ,antike ,kun/prosa 7,leipzig1 #ahih2 ,anhang ueb] die ,ges*i*te des ,reims72 ,kluge's article1 ,zur ,ges*i*te des ,reimes im ,altg]manis*51 9 ,paul u4 ,braune's ,beitrge1 vol4 ix4 p4 #dbb2 & ,s*ipp]1 vol4 i4 pp4 #cd ff4 ,mey]'s "w is an exposition ( ! !ory t rime 0 an importation f ! ,ori5t4 ,9 l mann]1 x has be5 held by _m t ! poetry ( ,otfri$ 7! fir/ regul>ly rim$ ,g]man v]se7 0 produc$ "u ,lat9 influ5ce :olly1 & t rime 0 introduc$ by him to ! ,g]mans 7see ! "w by ,kawczynski1 cit$ p4 #aag74 ,h]d] 7see ,ehr5feld's monograph7 reg>d$ rime z a natural gr[? ( ! in/9ct = symmetry 9 all human ta/e1 closely connect$ ) dance-rhy?ms1 all =ms ( p>allelism1 & ! l4 ,simil>ity ( inflectional end+s 9 simil> clauses1 he po9t$ out1 w\ld naturally develop rime 9 any inflect$ language4 ,?is view is 9 l9e ) ! t5d5cy ( rec5t op9ion4 ,s*ipp] says1 9 effect3 ,is rime to be reg>d$ z ! inv5tion ( a special p1 l ! ,arabian1 or is x a =m ( art :i* develop$ 9 ! poetic language ( ! ,aryan peoples1 sep>ately 9 ! sev]al nations8 ,9 ! op9ion ( ! pr9cipal s*ol>s ! latt] op9ion is ! correct "o4 ,! *ief support ( ?is op9ion is ! fact t traces ( rime1 9 great] or less numb]1 appe> 9 ! olde/ poetry ( almo/ all ! p>tially civiliz$ peoples4 ',x is1' says ,c4 ,f4 ,mey]1 'some?+ inborn1 orig9al1 univ]sally human1 l poetry & music1 & no m ?an ^! ! special inv5tion ( a s+le p or a p>ticul> "t4' ,9 fact1 traces ( rime may be notic$ 9 ! poetry ( ! ,greeks1 9 ,hom]1 s*ylus1 ,sophocles1 ,ari/ophanes1 z also 9 ! poetry ( ! ,romans2 9 a m develop$ =m x appe>s 9 ! late middle ,lat9 cl]ical poetry4 ,9 ! ,celtic languages1 moreov]1 rime is ! indisp5sable m>k ( ! poetic =m1 ev5 9 ! olde/ extant specim5s4 ,! ,lat9 poetry j ref]r$ to gives int]e/+ evid5ce t rime is a *>act]i/ic sign ( popul> poetry4 ,:ile ! quantitative sy/em became dom9ant1 ) ! arti/ic v]se-=ms ( ! ,greeks1 9 ! ,gold5 ,age ( ,roman lit]ature1 ! e>ly ,saturnian v]ses1 writt5 9 free rhy?ms1 already %[$ ! popul> ta/e = simil>ity ( s\nd 9 ! =m ( allit]ation2 & 9 ! po/-classical "t1 ) ! fall ( ! quantitative metres1 rime aga9 came to ! front 9 songs int5d$ = ! p4 ,! same elem5t 0 made s ess5tial a *>act]i/ic 9 ! organization ( v]se 9 ! m$ival ,lat91 t 'c>m5 rhy?micum' came to signify a rim$ poem1 & ! lat] ,lat9i/s us$ ! ^w 'rhy?mus' precisely 9 ! s5se ( 'rime4' ,s*ipp] goes on to inquire :e!r ?is m$ival ,lat9 poetry 0 ! means ( introduc+ rime to ! ,g]manic peoples4 ,wack]nagel held x z c]ta9 t ,otfri$ le>n$ 8 rimes f ,lat9 poems2 b z ,otfri$ decl>es t 8 poetry is int5d$ to take ! place ( useless popul> songs1 x seems probable t he 0 n us+ an innovation1 & t rime 0 already popul> 9 ,old ,high ,g]man4 ,inde$1 x appe>s sporadically 9 ! ,hildebr&sli$ & ! ,heli&4 ,grimm obs]ves t x is !oretically unlikely t allit]ation %\ld h vani%$ sudd5ly & rime z sudd5ly h tak5 its place4 ,! gradual developm5t ( rime f assonance among ! ,romance peoples sugge/s ! same ?+4 ,! e>ly appe>ance ( rime by ! side ( allit]ation is illu/rat$ by ,c4 ,f4 ,mey] 7,hi/oris*e ,/udi51 ,leipzig1 #ahea7 f ! ,norse ,edda1 f ,be[ulf1 ,cdmon1 etc4 ,9 ! lat] ,anglo-,saxon p]iod rime 0 evid5tly secur+ a consid]able ?\gh unc]ta9 hold4 ,! ,rim+ ,poem sugge/s :at developm5t rime might h _h 9 ,engli% )\t ! incom+ ( ,romance influ5ces4 ,grimm obs]ves t1 :ile to 8 m9d allit]ation 0 a f9] & nobl] quality ?an rime1 !re 0 ne$ ( a /rong] s\nd-lik5ess :i* %\ld hold ! att5tion m firmly by its un*ang+ place at ! end ( ! l9e4 ,s*ipp] rem>ks1 f9ally1 t ! fact t ! use ( rime 9 connection ) allit]ation 0 especially popul> 9 ! s\!rn half ( ,engl&1 :]e ! ,romance influ5ce 0 /ronge/1 may sugge/ :y 9 ! m purely ,g]manic nor!rn half allit]ation rema9$ ! s+le support ( ! poetic =m well into ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! app5dix to ! "w ( ,nord51 cit$ above1 is a full] developm5t ( ideas frequ5tly sugge/$ by ! sporadic appe>ance ( rime 9 e>ly ,greek & ,lat9 lit]ature4 ,nord5 gives _m examples ( ?is rhetorical rime1 z well z ( rime aris+ naturally f p>allelism ( s5t5ce /ructure f\nd 9 primitive *>ms1 incantations1 & ! l4 ,9 p>ticul> he emphasizes ! influ5ce ( ! figure ( homoeoteleuton z us$ 9 ! lit]>y prose ( ! classical languages4 ,8 conclusion is z foll[s3 ,rime1 !n1 0 pot5tially z truly pres5t 9 ! ,greek & ,lat9 languages1 f ! e>lie/ times1 z 9 e o!r language2 b 9 ! metrical 7quantitative7 poetry x _h no regul> place1 & appe>$ !re 9 g5]al only sporadically & by *ance1 be+ us$ by only a few poets z a rhetorical ornam5t4 ,x became actual by ! transition f ! metrical poetry to ! rhy?mical 7t is1 ! syllable-c\nt+1 9 :i*--9 ! ,lat9--! *ief consid]ation is /ill = ! ^w-acc5t72 & ?is transition 0 consummat$ by ! aid ( ! highly poetic prose1 already us$ = c5turies1 :i* 0 con/ruct$ accord+ to ! laws ( rhy?m1 & 9 :i* ! rhetorical homoeoteleuton _h ga9$ an ev]-increas+ significance4 ,9 p>ticul>1 rime f\nd an entrance ?r\gh s]mons compos$ 9 su* prose1 & deliv]$ 9 a voice closely approa*+ t ( s++1 into ! hymn-poetry :i* 0 intimately relat$ to su* s]mons4 ,f ! ,lat9 hymn-poetry x 0 c>ri$ into o!r languages1 f ! n9? c5tury onw>d4 ,x is self-evid5t t 9 ^! languages also rime 0 pot5tially pres5t be=e x became actual ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( =eign poetry2 = 9 ?is region also !re op]ates ! highe/ imman5t law ( e be+ & e =m ( developm5t1--t 9 ! :ole field ( life no?+ absolutely new is inv5t$1 b m]ely slumb]+ g]ms are awak5$ to active life4 7,antike ,kun/prosa1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #hfg ff47 ,me lifes onlah4 se is leoht onwrah4 & t torhte geteoh4 tillice onwrah4 gld ws ic gliwum4 gl5g$ hiwum4 blissa ble\m4 blo/ma hiwum4 ,secgas mec segon4 symbel ne alegon4 feorh-gife gefegon4 frtw$ wgon4 wic (] wongum4 w5nan gongum4 lisse mid longum4 leoma getongum4 7,f ! ,rim+ ,poem ( ! ,codex ,exoni5sis47 ,?is puzzl+ly e>ly appe>ance ( rime 9 ,anglo-,saxon v]se1 9 conjunction ) fairly regul> allit]ation1 is ( especial int]e/4#ab ,x is suppos$1 says ,s*ipp]1 t ?is new =m has = its f\ndation ! ,sc&9avian ,runh5da1 & t ?is 0 kn[n to ! ,anglo-,saxons ?r\gh ! ,old ,norse poet1 ,egil ,skalagrimsson1 :o 0 liv+ 9 ,engl& 9 ! t5? c5tury1 & :o /ay$ twice 9 ,engl& at ,a!l/an's c\rt1 writ+ a poem 9 ,nor?umbria 9 ! same =m4 ,he also obs]ves t ! attempt to atta9 some?+ l equality ( feet & half-l9es sugge/s ! ,norse models4 ,sa9te ,m>ie1 ,cri/es bur1 ,maid5es cl5had1 mod]es flur1 ,dilie m9e s9ne1 rixe 9 m9 mod1 ,br+ me to w9ne ) self god4 7,v]ses attribut$ to ,/4 ,godric4 ab4 #aajj47 ,godric1 ! h]mit ( ,norfolk1 liv$ ab\t #ajfe-aagj4 ,^! v]ses seem to give ! e>lie/ extant appe>ance ( end-rime 9 ,middle ,engli%4 ,! ,romance words 9 ! hymn indicate ! pres5ce ( ,fr5* influ5ce4 7,on ?is hymn see article 9 ,englis*e ,/udi51 vol4 xi4 p4 #dja47 ,wod5 hehde a hh/e laghe3 an ure ld]ne dghen4 he heom wes le(3 fne al swa heore lif4 he wes heore wald53 & heom wurscipe dud54 ene feore di i ere wike3 heo ghiv5 him to wurscipe4 a unre heo ghiv5 ures di3 = i at heo heom help5 mi4 ,freon heore lfdi3 heo ghiv5 hire fridi4 ,saturnus heo ghiv5 stt]di3 ene ,sunne heo ghiv5 son$i4 ,mon55 heo ghiv55 mon$i3 ,tidea heo ghev5 tisdi4 u seide ,hnge/3 cniht5 alre h5de/4 7,,layamon3 ,brut1 ll4 #aciba-acich4 ,madd5 ed41 vol4 ii4 p4 #aeh4 ab4 #abjj47 ,on ! v]se ( ! ,brut see above1 p4 #aai4 ,i* m eld] en i* wes a w9tre & alore4 ,ic wlde m aune ic dude mi wit ah to b5 m4 ,wel lange ic habbe *ild ibeon a weorde end e* ad$e4 eh ic beo aw9tre eald tu ghyng i eom a r$e4444 ,me/ al at ic habbe ydon ys idelnesse & *ilce4 ,wel late ic habbe me bi oht bute me god d milce4 7,poema ,morale1 ll4 #a-d1 #g1 #h4 ,9 ,zupitza's ,alt-und ,mittel5glis*es bungsbu*1 p4 #eh4 ab4 #abjj47 ,! ,poema ,morale1 evid5tly "o ( ! mo/ popul> poems ( ! e>ly ,middle ,engli% p]iod1 seems to be ! e>lie/ "o ( any consid]able l5g? 9 :i* end-rime 0 us$ regul>ly4 ,= o!r e>ly examples ( rime introduc$ into ,engli% "u =eign influ5ce1 see above1 9 ! section on ! ,/anza4 ,d\ble & triple rime4 ,to our !me4--,! man :o has /ood on ! ,acropolis1 ,& look$ d[n ov] ,attica2 or he ,:o has sail$ :]e picturesque ,con/ant9ople is1 ,or se5 ,timbuctoo1 or ha? tak5 tea ,9 small-ey$ ,*9a's crock]y-w>e metropolis1 ,or sat amid/ ! bricks ( ,n9eveh1 ,may n ?9k mu* ( ,london's fir/ appe>ance-- ,b ask him :at he ?9ks ( x a ye> h5ce8 7,,byron3 ,don ,juan1 canto xi4 /4 vii47 ',tis pity le>n$ virg9s ev] w$1 ,) p]sons ( no sort ( education1 ,or g5tlem51 :o1 ?\gh well born & br$1 ,gr[ tir$ ( sci5tific conv]sation2 ,i don't *oose to say mu* ^u ?is head1 ,i'm a pla9 man1 & 9 a s+le /ation1 ,b--oh6 ye lords ( ladies intellectual1 ,in=m u truly1 h !y n h5-peck$ y all8 7,ib41 canto i4 /4 xxii47 ,s ! pa9t] ,pac*i>otto ,con/ruct$ himself a grotto ,9 ! qu>t] ( ,/alloreggi-- ,z au?ors ( note allege ye4 ,& on ea* ( ! :itewa%$ sides ( x ,he pa9t$--7none f> & wide s fit ,z he to p]=m 9 fresco7-- ,he pa9t$ nor cri$ quiesco ,till he peopl$ its e squ>e foot ,) ,man--f ! ,begg> b>efoot ,to ! ,noble 9 cap & fea!r2 ,all sorts & conditions toge!r4 ,! ,soldi] 9 brea/plate & helmet ,/ood fr[n+ly--hail fell[ well met-- ,by ! ,prie/ arm$ ) bell1 book1 & c&le4 ,nor did he omit to h&le ,! ,fair ,sex1 our brave di/emp]]3 ,n m]ely ,k+1 ,cl[n1 ,pope1 ,emp]or-- ,he div]sifi$ too 8 ,hades ,( all =ms1 p9*$ ,labor & paid ,ease1 ,) z mix$ an assemblage ( ,ladies4 7,,br[n+3 ,pac*i>otto1 v47 ,:at's a man's age8 ,he mu/ hurry m1 t's all2 ,cram 9 a day1 :at 8 y\? took a ye> to hold3 ,:5 we m9d labor1 !n only1 we're too old-- ,:at age _h ,me?usalem :5 he begat ,saul8 ,& at la/1 z its hav5 "s buffet$ %ip sees 7,come all ! way f ! nor?-p>ts ) sp]m oil71 ,i hope to get safely out ( ! turmoil ,& arrive "o day at ! l& ( ! ,gypsies1 ,& f9d my lady1 or he> ! la/ news ( h] ,f "s old ?ief & son ( ,lucif]1 ,8 =ehead *aplet$ gre5 ) wrea?y hop1 ,sunburn$ all ov] l an ?iop4 7,,br[n+3 ,! ,flight ( ! ,du*ess1 xvii47 ,^! passages illu/rate suffici5tly ! grotesque effects ( d\ble & triple rime 9 ,engli% v]se1--effects ( :i* ,byron & ,br[n+ are ! unque/ion$ ma/]s4 ,pr(essor ,corson obs]ves t ! d\ble rime is to be reg>d$ z ! means ( "s special emphasis1 :e!r s]i\s or humor\s4 ,m commonly ! effect is humor\s1 ( c\rse1 z 9 ,don ,juan1 :]e ! rimes indicate ! l[]+ ( ! poetic key--! r$uction ( true poetic s]i\sness4 ,! rimes 9 ! ,flight ( ! ,du*ess ,mr4 ,edmund ,gurney has said sometimes produce ! effect ( jokes made dur+ ! p]=mance ( a symphony4 ,! specim5 :i* foll[s illu/rates ! use ( ^! d\ble & triple rimes = a :olly s]i\s purpose4 ,pr(essor ,corson rem>ks t 9 ?is case ! rime s]ves z a mo/ effective foil to ! melan*oly !me4 ,x is n unlike ! laught] ( fr5zi$ grief4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t 9 ! ,italian language1 :]e d\ble rimes are almo/ con/ant1 mascul9e rimes are sometimes us$ = grotesque effect 9 ! same way t ,engli% poets use ! fem99e4 ,p]i%+ gloomily1 ,spurr$ by contumely1 ,cold inhumanity1 ,burn+ insanity1 ,into h] re/4-- ,cross h] h&s humbly1 ,z if pray+ dumbly1 ,ov] h] brea/4 ,own+ h] weakness1 ,h] evil behavi\r1 ,& leav+1 ) meekness1 ,h] s9s to h] ,savi\r6 7,,?omas ,,hood3 ,! ,bridge ( ,sighs47 ,roll ! /rong /ream ( x ,up1 till ! scream ( x ,wake f a dream ( x ,*ildr5 t sleep1 ,seam5 t f>e = !m ,=?1 ) a pray] = !m2 ,%all n ,god c>e = !m1 ,angels n keep8 ,sp>e n ! surges ,?y /ormy sc\rges2 ,sp>e u ! dirges ,( wives t weep4 ,turn back ! waves = u3 ,dig no fre% graves = u1 ,w9d1 9 ! manifold gulfs ( ! deep4 7,,sw9burne3 ,w9t] 9 ,nor?umb]l&1 xiv47 ,into ! woods my ,ma/] w5t1 ,clean =sp5t1 =sp5t4 ,into ! woods my ,ma/] came1 ,=sp5t ) love & %ame4 ,b ! olives !y 7 n bl9d to ,him1 ,! little gray leaves 7 k9d to ,him3 ,! ?orn-tree _h a m9d to ,him ,:5 into ! woods he came4 7,,sidney ,,lani]3 ,a ,ballad ( ,trees & ! ,ma/]47 ,brok5 rime4 ,!re fir/ = !e my passion grew1 ,sweet1 sweet ,matilda ,pott+56 ,?\ wa/ ! daught] ( my tu- tor1 law-pr(essor at ! ,u- niv]sity ( ,gott+54 ,sun1 moon1 & ?\1 va9 _w1 adieu6 ,t k+s & prie/s are plott+ 92 ,"h doom$ to />ve on wat] gru- el1 nev] %all ,i see ! ,u- niv]sity ( ,gott+54 7,,george ,,cann+3 ,song 9 ,! ,rov]s2 ,anti-,jacob91 ,june #d1 #agih4ac7 ,w9t] & summ]1 night & morn1 ,i langui% at ?is table d>k2 ,my (fice-w9d[ has a corn- er looks into ,/4 ,james's ,p>k4 7,,?ack]ay3 ,ballads1 ,:at ,makes my ,he>t to ,?rill & ,gl[87 ,int]nal rime4 ,int]nal rime may be reg>d$ on ! "o side z only a matt] ( ! division ( ! v]se1 s9ce if x occurs regul>ly at ! m$ial cesura1 x practically breaks ! v]se into two p>ts4 ,on ! o!r side1 if us$ only sporadically1 x is a matt] ( tone-color4 ,x sometimes appe>s1 h[ev]1 9 =ms :i* entitle x to recognition by itself4 ,! e>lie/ ( ^! =ms is ! ,leon9e rime1 :i* is said to h tak5 its "n f ,leon9us ( ,/4 ,victor1 :o 9 ! twelf? c5tury wrote elegiacs 7hexamet]s & p5tamet]s7 9 :i* ! syllable prec$+ ! cesura regul>ly rim$ ) ! f9al syllable4 ,obvi\sly l9es ( ?is k9d w\ld easily break up into rim+ half-l9es4 ,simil>ly1 9 sept5>y v]se int]nal rime 0 (t5 us$ toge!r ) end-rime1 ) a result+ resolution into %ort-l9e /anzas rim+ ei!r aabb or abab4#ad ,! foll[+ specim5 f a celebrat$ ballad %[s ! popul> use ( a some:at complex sy/em ( int]nal rime4 ,be x "r or wrong1 ^! m5 among on wom5 d compla9e1 ,affirm+ ?is1 h[ t x is a lab\r sp5t 9 va9e1 ,to love !m wele1 = nev] a dele !y love a man agayne4 ,= lete a man d :at he c1 !r fav\r to attayne1 ,yet yf a newe to !m pursue1 !r fur/ trew lov] ?an ,lab\re? = n\ght1 & f h] ?\ght he is a bannis%$ man4 7,ye ,nutbr[ne ,maide4 ,f ,arnold's ,*ronicle1 pr9t$ ab4 #aejb4 ,9 ,flgel's ,neu5glis*es ,lesebu*1 vol4 i4 p4 #afg47 ,haill rois mai/ *ois till clois ?y fois greit mi*t1 ,haill /one quhilk s*one ^u ! ?rone ( li*t1 ,v]tew1 quhais trew sweit dew ouir?rew al vice1 ,0 ay ilk day g> say ! way ( li*t2 ,am5d1 (f5d1 & s5d our end ay ri*t4 ,?[ /ant1 ordant z sanct1 ( grant mai/ wise1 ,till be supplie1 & ! hie gre ( price4 ,delite ! tite me q ( site to di*t1 ,= ,i apply s*ortlie to ?y devise4 7,,gawa9 ,,d\glas3 ,a ballade 9 ! comm5dation ( hon\r & v]teu2 at ! end ( ! ,palace ( ,honor47 ,d\glas1 l 8 c\ntryman ,dunb>1 0 some?+ ( a metrical virtuoso1 & 8 use ( int]nal rime 9 ?is ballade is "o ( 8 mo/ rem>kable a*ievem5ts4 ,9 ! fir/ /anza !re are two int]nal rimes 9 ea* l9e1 9 ! second ?ree1 & 9 ! ?ird 7"h quot$7 f\r4 ,i _c eat b little meat1 ,my /oma* is n good1 ,b sure ,i ?9k t ,i c dr9k ,) him t we>s a hood4 ,?\gh ,i g b>e1 take ye no c>e1 ,i no?+ am a-cold1 ,i /uff my sk9 s full )9 ,( jolly good ale & old4 7,dr9k+ ,song 9 ,gamm] ,gurton's ,ne$le47 ,! fair breeze blew1 ! :ite foam flew1 ,! furr[ /ream'd (f free2 ,we 7 ! fir/ t ev] bur/ ,into t sil5t sea4 7,,col]idge3 ,rime ( ! ,anci5t ,m>9]47 ,! spl5dor falls on ca/le walls1 ,& sn[y summits old 9 /ory2 ,! long light %akes across ! lakes1 ,& ! wild cat>act leaps 9 glory4 7,,t5nyson3 ,song 9 ,! ,pr9cess1 iv47 ,engl&1 que5 ( ! waves ^: gre5 inviolate girdle enr+s !e r\nd1 ,"m fair z ! morn+1 :]e is n[ ! place ( ?y foem5 f\nd8 ,/ill ! sea t salutes u free proclaims !m /rick51 acclaims !e cr[n$ 4444 ,engl&1 none t is born ?y son1 & lives1 by grace ( ?y glory1 free1 ,lives & ye>ns n at he>t & burns ) hope to s]ve z he wor%ips !e2 ,none may s+ !e3 ! sea-w9d's w+ beats d[n our songs z x hails ! sea4 7,,sw9burne3 ,! ,armada1 vii47 ,"h ! ?ird & eigh? syllables ( ea* v]se rime1 giv+ ! effect ( a sep>ate melody only half he>d "u t ( ! ma9 rime-s*eme4 ,?is is especially subtle :]e !re is no possible pause aft] ! rim+ ^w1 z 9 ! s+ ( ! la/ l9e quot$4 ,ah1 brok5 is ! gold5 b[l6 ! _s fl[n =ev]6 ,let ! bell toll6--a sa9tly s\l floats on ! ,/ygian riv]2 ,&1 ,guy de ,v]e1 ha/ ?\ no te>8--weep n[ or nev]more6 ,see on yon dre> & rigid bi] l[ lies ?y love1 ,l5ore6 ,come1 let ! burial rite be read--! fun]al song be sung3 ,an an!m = ! que5lie/ dead t ev] di$ s "y1 ,a dirge = h] ! d\bly dead 9 t %e di$ s "y4 7,,poe3 ,l5ore47 ,i did n take h] by ! h&1 7,?\gh little 0 to und]/& ,f t\* ( h& all fri5ds might take17 ,because x %\ld n prove a flake ,burnt 9 my palm to boil & a*e4 ,i did n li/5 to h] voice1 7,?\gh none _h not$1 :]e at *oice ,all might rejoice 9 li/5+17 ,because no su* a ?+ %\ld cl+ ,9 ! wood's moan at ev5+4 7,,rossetti3 ,p5umbra47 7,see also ,love's ,nocturn1 p4 #adf1 bel[47 ,b4 ,,z ,a ,,sporadic ,,elem5t 7,,tone-,,color7 ,?is division includes ! use made ( ! qualities ( s\nd = ! purpose ( add+ to ! melodi\sness ( v]se1 or ( express+ 9 "s measure ! ideas to be convey$ by means ( ! v s\nds employ$4 ,sometimes ?is takes ! =m ( allit]ation1 diff]+ f t ( e>ly ,engli% v]se only 9 t x foll[s no regul> /ructural laws4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x may take ! =m ( onomatopoeia1 ! figure ( spee* 9 :i* s\nd & s5se are closely relat$1--z 9 descriptive words l buzz1 hiss1 murmur1 spla%1 & ! l4 ,! t]m ,tone-color is =m$ by analogy ) ! ,g]man ,klangf>be1 an expression app>5tly due to ! feel+ t ! s\nd-qualities ( spee* h some:at ! same function z ! v>i\s colors 9 a picture4 ,x is unque/ionably true t ! selection ( s\nds1 :e!r v[el or consonantal1 has mu* to d ) ! melodi\s effect ( v mu* poetry4 ,! poet may *oose ! diff]5t s\nd-qualities 7s f> z ! s5se p]mits7 j z ! musician may *oose ! v>y+ qualities ( ! diff]5t in/rum5ts 9 ! or*e/ra or ! diff]5t /ops 9 ! organ4 ,/rictly speak+1 ?is matt] ( ,tone-color is n a "p ( v]se-=m 9 ! same s5se z matt]s ( rhy?m1 rime1 & ! l2 = x may appe> 9 prose z well z 9 v]se1 & is n 9 any case r$ucible to =mal pr9ciples or laws4 ,yet its use 9 actual v]se is s important1 & x is s closely relat$ to ! use ( s\nd-quality 9 ! =m ( rime & allit]ation1 t x seems well to include x "h4#ae ,dr4 ,gue/ treats s\nds z hav+ 9 !mselves ! sugge/ion ( m or less def9ite ideas1 ?is sugge/iv5ess be+ expla9able by physical causes4 ,?us ! trembl+ "* ( l sugge/s trepidation1 z 9 ,d\ble1 d\ble1 toil & tr\ble4 ,r sugge/s h>%1 grat+1 or rattl+ noises2 ! sibilants are appropriate to ! expression ( %rieks1 screams1 & ! l2 b & p1 because ( ! compression ( ! lips1 sugge/ muscul> ef=t2 /1 f a sudd5 /opp+ ( ! s1 sugge/s fe> or surprise2 f & h also fe>1 because ( _! :isp]+ quality4 ,holl[ s\nds 7au1 ow1 o1 & ! l7 sugge/ dep? & fulness4 ,gue/ quotes 9 ?is connection an int]e/+ passage f ,bacon's ,natural ,hi/ory 7ii4 #bjj73 ,!re is f\nd a similitude betwe5 ! s\nd t is made by inanimate bodies1 or by animate bodies t h no voice articulate1 & div]s lett]s ( articulate voices2 & commonly m5 h giv5 su* names to ^? s\nds z d allude unto ! articulate lett]s2 z trembl+ ( hot wat] ha? resemblance unto ! lett] l2 qu5*+ ( hot metals ) ! lett] z2 sn>l+ ( dogs ) ! lett] r2 ! noise ( scree*-owls ) ! lett] %2 voice ( cats ) ! diph?ong eu2 voice ( cuckoos ) ! diph?ong ou2 s\nds ( /r+s ) ! diph?ong ng4 ,a4 ,w4 ,s*legel w5t ev5 f>!r 9 sugge/+ a subtle symbolism 9 s\nds ap>t f descriptive qualities4 ,?us he reg>d$ a z sugge/ive ( bright r$1 & z symboliz+ y\?1 joy1 or brightness 7z 9 ! words ,/rahl1 ,klang1 ,glans72 i z sugge/ive ( sky-blue1 symbolic ( intimacy or love2 & s ) o!r v[el s\nds4 7,see ,ehr5feld's monograph1 p4 #eg47 ,9 g5]al x may be said t x is dang]\s to attempt to expla9 ! special effects ( tone-color 9 v]se1 except :]e x is obvi\sly descriptive1 ! appreciation ( su* effects be+ a subtle & a m or less individual matt]4 ,on ?is subject ,mr4 ,gurney makes "s int]e/+ obs]vations1 9 ! essays cit$ above4 ,he believes t ! pleasurable effect ( ! s\nd-qualities 9 v]se c nev] be dissociat$ f ! s5se ( ! words2 t ! mo/ melodi\s v]se _c be appreciat$ if 9 a =eign language1 unless read ) p>ticul> expressiv5ess2 & t ! pleasure d]iv$ f :at we r\ghly call melodi\s or h>moni\s v]ses is always due to ! my/ical comb9ation ( ! appropriate s\nd ) ! poetic cont5t4 ,dr4 ,johnson ridicul$ ! idea ( tone-color1 z appe>+ 9 ,pope's tea*+ t ! s\nd %\ld be an e*o to ! s5se4 ,see 8 ,life ( ,pope1 & especially ! ,idl] = ,june #i1 #agei1 9 :i* he describes ,m9im ! critic z read+ all our poets ) p>ticul> att5tion to ?is delicacy ( v]sification4 ,su* a critic discov]s wond]s 9 ^! l9es f ,hudibras3 ,honor is l ! glossy bubble1 ,:i* co/ philosoph]s su* tr\ble2 ,:]e1 "o "p crack'd1 ! :ole does fly1 ,& wits are crack'd to f9d out :y4 ,9 ^! v]ses1 says ,m9im1 we h two /rik+ accommodations ( ! s\nd to ! s5se4 ,x is impossible to utt] ! fir/ two l9es emphatically )\t an act l t :i* !y describe2 bubble & tr\ble caus+ a mom5t>y inflation ( ! *eeks by ! ret5tion ( ! brea?1 :i* is aft]w>ds =cibly emitt$1 z 9 ! practice ( bl[+ bubbles4 ,b ! greate/ excell5ce is 9 ! ?ird l9e1 :i* is crack'd 9 ! middle to express a crack1 & !n %iv]s into monosyllables4 ,9 an article on ,"s ,te*nical ,elem5ts ( ,/yle 9 ,lit]ature 7orig9ally publi%$ 9 ! ,contempor>y ,review1 ,april1 #ahhe2 repr9t$ 9 ! ,scribn] edition ( ,/ev5son's ,works1 vol4 xxii4 p4 #bdc7 ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son discuss$ "s ( ! m subtle effects ( v[el & consonant color1 z appe>+ 9 bo? prose & v]se4 ,! comb9ation & repetition ( ! consonants ,,pvf he f\nd to be p>ticul>ly frequ5t4 ,! p]vad+ s\nd-elem5ts 9 ! two foll[+ passages he analyz$ by means ( ! key-lett]s 9 ! m>g93 ,9 ,xanadu did ,kubla ,khan 7,,k&l7 ,a /ately pleasure-dome decree1 7,,kdlsr7 ,:]e ,alph ! sacr$ riv] ran 7,,k&lsr7 ,?r\gh cav]ns measureless to man1 7,,kanlsr7 ,d[n to a sunless sea4 7,,ndls7 7,,col]idge47 ,b 9 ! w9d & tempe/ ( h] fr[n1 ,w4,p4,v4,f4 7/7 7ow7 ,di/9ction ) a l\d & p[]ful fan1 ,w4,p4,f4 7/7 7ow7 ,l4 ,puff+ at all1 w9n[s ! light away2 ,w4,p4,f4,l4 ,& :at ha? mass & matt] by itself ,w4,f4,l4,m4,a4 ,lies ri* 9 virtue & unm+l$4 ,v4,l4,m4 7,,%aksp]e3 ,troilus & ,cressida47 ,no attempt has be5 made to classify ! specim5s t foll[4 ,nor does comm5t seem necess>y1 9 ord] to make cle> ! p>ticul> qualities ( ! s\nds ( ! v]se4 ,! h]audes lefte hir prik+ up & d\n2 ,n[ r+5 trompes l\de & cl>i\n2 ,!re is namore to seyn1 b we/ & e/ ,9 goon ! sp]es ful sadly 9 are/2 ,9 go? ! %>pe spore 9-to ! syde4 ,!r se5 m5 :o c ju/e1 & :o c ryde2 ,!r %iv]5 %aftes up-on %eeldes ?ikke2 ,he feele? ?urgh ! h]te-spoon ! prikke4 ,up spr+5 sp]es tw5ty foot on highte2 ,out goon ! sw]des z ! silv] brighte4 ,! helmes !y to-hew5 & to-%r$e2 ,out bre/ ! blood1 ) /]ne /remes r$e4 ,) mighty maces ! bones !y to-bre/e4 ,he ?urgh ! ?ikke/e ( ! ?rong gan ?re/e4 ,!r /ombl5 /$es /ronge1 & d\n go? al4 7,,*auc]3 ,knight's ,tale1 ll4 #agda-agee47 ,& 9 8 h\se heap pe>ls l pebble-/ones1 ,receive !m free1 & sell !m by ! weight2 ,bags ( fi]y opals1 sapphires1 ame?y/s1 ,jac9?s1 h>d topaz1 grass-gre5 em]alds1 ,beaute\s rubies1 sp>kl+ diamonds1 ,& seld-se5 co/ly /ones ( s great price1 ,z "o ( !m indiff]5tly rat$1 ,& ( a c>at ( ?is quantity1 ,may s]ve 9 p]il ( calamity4 7,,m>l[e3 ,! ,jew ( ,malta1 ,i4 i47 ,be k9d & c\rte\s to ?is g5tleman2 ,hop 9 8 walks & gambol 9 8 eyes2 ,fe$ him ) apricocks & dewb]ries1 ,) purple grapes1 gre5 figs & mulb]ries2 ,! honey-bags /eal f ! humble-bees1 ,& = night-tap]s crop _! wax5 ?ighs1 ,& light !m at ! fi]y gl[-worm's eyes1 ,to h my love to b$ & to arise2 ,& pluck ! w+s f pa9t$ butt]flies1 ,to fan ! moonbeams f 8 sleep+ eyes3 ,nod to him1 elves1 & d him c\rtesies4 7,,%aksp]e3 ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream1 ,,iii4 i4 #afg-agg47 ,n[ ent]ta9 conjecture ( a "t ,:5 creep+ murmur & ! por+ d>k ,fills ! wide vessel ( ! univ]se4 ,f camp to camp1 ?r\gh ! f\l womb ( night1 ,! hum ( ei!r army /illy s\nds1 ,t ! fix'd s5t9els almo/ receive ,! secret :isp]s ( ea* o!r's wat*3 ,fire answ]s fire2 & ?r\gh _! paly flames ,ea* battle sees ! o!r's umb]'d face3 ,/e$ ?reat5s /e$1 9 high & boa/ful neighs ,pi]c+ ! night's dull e>2 & f ! t5ts ,! arm\r]s1 accompli%+ ! knights1 ,) busy hamm]s clos+ rivets up1 ,give dreadful note ( prep>ation4 ,! c\ntry cocks d cr[1 ! clocks d toll1 ,& ! ?ird h\r ( dr[sy morn+ "n4 7,,%aksp]e3 ,h5ry ,v41 ,*orus to ,act ,,iv47 ,=?) ! s\nds & seas1 ea* creek & bay1 ,) fry innum]able sw>m1 & %oals ,( fi% t1 ) _! f9s & %9+ scales1 ,glide "u ! gre5 wave 9 sculls t (t ,bank ! mid-sea4 ,"p1 s+le or ) mate1 ,graze ! sea-we$1 _! pa/ure1 & ?r\gh groves ,( coral /ray1 or1 sport+ ) quick glance1 ,%[ to ! sun _! wav'd coats dropt ) gold1 ,or1 9 _! pe>ly %ells at ease1 att5d ,moi/ nutrim5t1 or "u rocks _! food ,9 jo9t$ armor wat*2 on smoo? ! seal ,& b5d$ dolph9s play3 "p1 huge ( bulk1 ,wall[+ unwieldy1 enorm\s 9 _! gait1 ,tempe/ ! ocean4 ,!re levia?an1 ,huge/ ( liv+ creatures1 on ! deep ,/ret*'d l a promontory1 sleeps or swims1 ,& seems a mov+ l&1 & at 8 gills ,draws 91 & at 8 trunk sp\ts out1 a sea4 7,,milton3 ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,,vii4 #cii-daf47 ,!n 9 ! key-hole turns ,! intricate w>ds1 & e bolt & b> ,( massy iron or solid rock ) ease ,unfa/5s4 ,on a sudd5 op5 fly1 ,) impetu\s recoil & j>r+ s\nd1 ,! inf]nal doors1 & on _! h+es grate ,h>% ?und]1 t ! l[e/ bottom %ook ,( ,erebus4 7,ib41 ,,ii4 #hgf-hhc47 ,av5ge1 ,o ,"l1 ?y slaught]$ sa9ts1 ^: bones ,lie scatt]$ on ! ,alp9e m\nta9s cold2 ,ev5 !m :o kept ?y tru? s pure ( old1 ,:5 all our fa!rs wor%ipp$ /ocks & /ones1 ,=get n3 9 ?y book record _! groans ,:o 7 ?y %eep1 & 9 _! anci5t fold ,sla9 by ! bloody ,piemontese1 t roll$ ,"m ) infant d[n ! rocks4 ,_! moans ,! vales r$\bl$ to ! hills1 & !y ,to heav54 ,_! m>tyr$ blood & a%es s[ ,o'er all ! ,italian fields1 :]e /ill do? sway ,! triple ,tyrant2 t f ^! may gr[ ,a hundr$fold1 :o1 hav+ le>nt ?y way1 ,e>ly may fly ! ,babylonian woe4 7,,milton3 ,sonnet on ! ,late ,massacre 9 ,pi$mont47 ,& :5 !y li/1 _! lean & fla%y songs ,grate on _! scrannel pipes ( wret*$ /raw2 ,! hungry %eep look up1 & are n f$1 ,b1 swoln ) w9d & ! rank mi/ !y draw1 ,rot inw>dly1 & f\l contagion spread2 ,besides :at ! grim wolf ) privy paw ,daily dev\rs apace1 & no?+ said4 7,,milton3 ,lycidas1 ll4 #abc-abi47 ,! s(t compla9+ flute ,9 dy+ notes discov]s ,! woes ( helpless lov]s1 ,^: dirge is :isp]$ by ! w>bl+ lute4 ,%>p viol9s proclaim ,_! jeal\s pangs & desp]ation1 ,fury1 frantic indignation1 ,dep? ( pa9s & height ( passion1 ,= ! fair1 disda9ful dame4 7,,dryd53 ,song = ,/4 ,cecilia's ,day1 #afhg47 ,s(t is ! /ra9 :5 ,zephyr g5tly bl[s1 ,& ! smoo? /ream 9 smoo!r numb]s fl[s2 ,b :5 l\d surges la% ! s\nd+ %ore1 ,! ho>se1 r\gh v]se %\ld l ! torr5t ro>3 ,:5 ,ajax /rives "s rock's va/ weight to ?r[1 ,! l9e too labors1 & ! words move sl[2 ,n s1 :5 swift ,camilla sc\rs ! pla91 ,flies o'er ?' unb5d+ corn1 & skims along ! ma94 7,,pope3 ,essay on ,criticism1 ll4 #cff-cgc47 ,0 n\ght ar\nd b images ( re/3 ,sleep-soo?+ groves1 & quiet lawns betwe52 ,& fl[]y b$s t slumb]\s influ5ce ke/1 ,f poppies brea?'d3 & b$s ( pleasant gre51 ,:]e nev] yet 0 creep+ creature se54 ,meantime unnumb]'d glitt]+ /reamlets play$1 ,& hurl$ ev]y:]e _! wat]s' %e52 ,t1 z !y bick]$ ?r\gh ! sunny %ade1 ,?\gh re/less /ill !mselves1 a lull+ murmur made4 7,,?omson3 ,ca/le ( ,indol5ce1 canto i4 /4 #c47 ,yes1 ,i w be ?y prie/1 & build a fane ,9 "s untrodd5 region ( my m9d1 ,:]e bran*$ ?\ghts1 new gr[n ) pleasant pa91 ,in/ead ( p9es %all murmur 9 ! w9d3 ,f>1 f> ar\nd %all ^? d>k-clu/]'d trees ,fl$ge ! wild-ridg$ m\nta9s /eep by /eep2 ,& !re by zephyrs1 /reams1 & birds1 & bees1 ,! moss-la9 ,dryads %all be lull'd to sleep2 ,& 9 ! mid/ ( ?is wide quietness ,a rosy sanctu>y w ,i dress ,) ! wrea?'d trellis ( a work+ bra91 ,) buds1 & bells1 & />s )\t a "n1 ,) all ! g>d5] ,fancy e'er c\ld feign1 ,:o bre$+ fl[]s w nev] bre$ ! same4 7,,keats3 ,ode to ,psy*e47 ,/rike = ! ,k+ & die6 & if ?\ die/1 ,! ,k+ is ,k+1 & ev] wills ! highe/4 ,clang battleaxe1 & cla% br&6 ,let ! ,k+ reign4 7,,t5nyson3 ,! ,com+ ( ,ar?ur47 ,he c\ld n see ! k9dly human face1 ,nor ev] he> a k9dly voice1 b he>d ,! myriad %riek ( :eel+ ocean-f[l1 ,! league-long roll] ?und]+ on ! reef1 ,! mov+ :isp] ( huge trees t bran*'d ,& blossom'd 9 ! z5i?1 or ! sweep ,( "s precipit\s rivulet to ! wave1 ,z d[n ! %ore he rang$1 or all day long ,sat (t5 9 ! seaw>d-gaz+ gorge1 ,a %ipwreck'd sailor1 wait+ = a sail3 ,no sail f day to day1 b e day ,! sunrise brok5 into sc>let %afts ,among ! palms & f]ns & precipices2 ,! blaze ^u ! wat]s to ! ea/2 ,! blaze ^u 8 isl& ov]head2 ,! blaze ^u ! wat]s to ! we/2 ,!n ! great />s t glob$ !mselves 9 heav51 ,! holl[]-bell[+ ocean1 & aga9 ,! sc>let %afts ( sunrise--b no sail4 7,,t5nyson3 ,eno* ,ard51 ll4 #egg-eie47 ,b foll[2 let ! torr5t dance !e d[n ,to f9d him 9 ! valley2 let ! wild ,lean-head$ eagles yelp alone1 & leave ,! mon/r\s l$ges !re to slope1 & spill ,_! ?\s& wrea?s ( dangl+ wat]-smoke1 ,t l a brok5 purpose wa/e 9 air3 ,s wa/e n ?\2 b come2 = all ! vales ,await !e2 azure pill>s ( ! he>? ,arise to !e2 ! *ildr5 call1 & ,i ,?y %eph]d pipe1 & sweet is e s\nd1 ,sweet] ?y voice1 b e s\nd is sweet2 ,myriads ( rivulets hurry+ ?r\gh ! lawn1 ,! moan ( doves 9 immemorial elms1 ,& murmur+s ( innum]able bees4 7,,t5nyson3 ,! ,pr9cess1 ,,vii47 ,heap cassia1 s&al-buds & /ripes ,( labdanum1 & aloe-balls1 ,sme>$ ) dull n>d an ,indian wipes ,f out h] hair3 su* balsam falls ,d[n sea-side m\nta9 p$e/als1 ,f tree-tops :]e tir$ w9ds are fa91 ,sp5t ) ! va/ & h[l+ ma91 ,to treasure half _! isl&-ga94 7,,br[n+3 ,p>acelsus1 ,,iv47 ,good sappy bav9s t k9dle =?)2 ,billets t blaze sub/antial & sl[2 ,p9e-/ump split deftly1 dry z pi?2 ,l>*-he>t t *>s to a *alk-:ite gl[2 ,!n up !y hoi/ me ,john 9 a *afe1 ,sl+ him fa/ l a hog to scor*1 ,spit 9 8 face1 !n leap back safe1 ,s+ ',laudes' & bid clap-to ! tor*4 7,,br[n+3 ,! ,h]etic's ,trag$y47 ',w sprawl1 n[ t ! heat ( day is be/1 ,flat on 8 belly 9 ! pit's mu* mire1 ,) elb[s wide1 fi/s cl5*$ to prop 8 *94 ,&1 :ile he kicks bo? feet 9 ! cool slu%1 ,& feels ab\t 8 sp9e small eft-?+s c\rse1 ,run 9 & out ea* arm1 & make him laugh3444 ,he looks out o'er yon sea :i* sunbeams cross ,& recross till !y weave a spid]-web4 7,,br[n+3 ,caliban ^u ,setebos47 ,ma/] ( ! murmur+ c\rts ,:]e ! %apes ( sleep conv5e6 ,lo6 my _s "h exhorts ,all ! p[]s ( ?y demesne ,= _! aid to move my que54 ,:at reports ,yield ?y jeal\s c\rts unse58 ,vapor\s1 unacc\ntable1 ,dreaml& lies =lorn ( light1 ,holl[ l a brea?+ %ell4 ,ah6 t f all dreams ,i might ,*oose "o dream & guide its flight6 ,i "k well ,:at h] sleep %\ld tell to-night4 7,,rossetti3 ,love's ,nocturn47 ,:5 ! h\nds ( spr+ are on w9t]'s traces1 ,! "m ( mon?s1 9 mead[ or pla91 ,fills ! %ad[s & w9dy places ,) lisp ( leaves & ripple ( ra94 7,,sw9burne3 ,*orus 9 ,atalanta 9 ,calydon47 ,till1 z ) clamor ,( axe & hamm]1 ,*a9$ /reams t /amm] & /ruggle 9 /raits1 ,bur/ bonds t %iv]1 ,& ?aws deliv] ,! ro>+ riv] 9 /ormy spates4 7,,sw9burne3 ,w9t] 9 ,nor?umb]l&47 ,b1 oh6 t deep romantic *asm :i* slant$ ,d[n ! gre5 hill a?w>t a c$>n cov]6 ,a savage place6 z holy & en*ant$ ,z e'er b5ea? a wan+ moon 0 haunt$ ,by woman wail+ = h] demon-lov]6 ,& f ?is *asm1 ) ceaseless turmoil see?+1 ,z if ?is e>? 9 fa/ ?ick pants 7 brea?+1 ,a mighty f\nta9 mom5tly 0 =c$3 ,amid ^: swift half-int]mitt$ bur/ ,huge fragm5ts vault$ l reb\nd+ hail1 ,or *affy gra9 b5ea? ! ?re%]'s flail2 ,& 'mid ^! danc+ rocks at once & ev] ,x flung up mom5tly ! sacr$ riv]4 ,five miles me&]+1 ) a mazy motion1 ,?r\gh wood & dale ! sacr$ riv] ran1 ,!n rea*'d ! cav]ns measureless to man1 ,& sank 9 tumult to a lifeless ocean4 7,,col]idge3 ,kubla ,khan47 ,,footnotes3 #aa ,p]fect rime is a t]m appli$ to rimes betwe5 two words id5tical 9 =m1 b diff]5t 9 mean+4 ,x is inadmissible 9 mod]n ,engli% v]se1 al?\gh x 0 consid]$ entirely prop] 9 ,middle ,engli% times 7comp>e ,*auc]'s-- ,! holy blisful m>tir = to seke1 ,t hem ha? holp51 :an t !y 7 seke471 & is /ill common 9 ,fr5* v]se4 ,s*ipp] gives a sep>ate p>agraph also to unacc5t$ rime1 :]e ! simil>ity ( s\nd belongs :olly to f9al1 un/ress$ syllables4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ?is is inadmissible 9 ,engli% v]se4 ,s*ipp] quotes f ,?omas ,moore3 ,d[n 9 yon summ]vale ,:]e ! rill fl[s1 ,?us said ! ,night+ale ,to 8 lov$ ,rose4 ,x might be said1 h[ev]1 t ! f9al syllables ( summ]vale & night+ale are n :olly un/ress$2 moreov]1 !y are 9 ! fir/ & ?ird v]ses ( ! /anza1 :]e rime is n indisp5sable4 ,unacc5t$ rime is mo/ noticeable 9 "s ( ! v]se ( ! transition p]iod 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 ! syllable-c\nt+ pr9ciple 0 s emphasiz$ z to admit any lic5se ( acc5t s long z ! prop] numb] ( syllables 0 obs]v$4 ,?us1 9 ! v]se ( ,wyatt we f9d su* rimes z dreade? & seeke?1 beg9n+ & eclips+1 etc4 ,see p4 #aj1 above4 ,imp]fect rime1 occurr+ :]e ! v[el s\nds are only simil>1 n id5tical1 or :]e ! consonants foll[+ !m are n id5tical1 is commonly reg>d$ z an imp]fection 9 v]se =m4 ,! mo/ common ( ^! imp]fect rimes are 9 cases :]e ! spell+ w\ld indicate p]fect rime 7h5ce :]e1 9 _m cases1 ! words rim$ orig9ally1 b h sep>at$ 9 ! *anges ( pronunciation71 su* z love & move1 broad & load1 & ! l4 ,= a def5ce ( ^! rimes to ! eye1 & o!r imp]fect rimes1 ) a /udy ( _! use by ,engli% poets1 see articles by ,pr(4 ,a4 ,g4 ,newcom] 9 ! ,nation = ,janu>y #bf & ,febru>y #b1 #ahii4 #ab ,rime also appe>s 9 a %ort passage 9 ,cynewulf's ,el5e4 ,"s h ?\ght x a lat] int]polation1 b ,s*ipp] ?9ks x indicates t ,cynewulf 0 a ,nor?umbrian4 ,gre9 believes him to h be5 ! au?or also ( ! ,rim+ ,poem1 b1 z ,rieg] po9ts out1 ! rimes ( ,cynewulf are ( a mu* less sy/ematic "*4 7,on ?is see ,wlck]'s ,grundriss zur ,ges*i*te d] ,angels*sis*5 ,lit]atur1 pp4 #baf1 #bag47 #ac ,! second ( ^! /anzas is said to h be5 add$ to ,cann+'s song by ,willian ,pitt4 #ad ,see notes on ! ,sept5>y1 9 ,"p ,two1 p4 #bei4 #ae ,on ! subject ( ,tone-color 9 ,engli% v]se1 see ,gue/'s ,engli% ,rhy?ms1 *ap4 ii42 ,lani]'s ,sci5ce ( ,engli% ,v]se1 "p iii4 7,colors ( ,engli% ,v]se72 ,corson's ,prim] ( ,engli% ,v]se 7*apt] on ,poetic ,unities72 ,edmund ,gurney's ,t]tium ,quid 7essays on ,poets1 ,critics1 & ,class-,li/s & ,! ,appreciation ( ,poetry72 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,j4 ,sylve/]'s ,laws ( ,v]se 7,london1 #ahgj72 ,g4 ,l4 ,raymond's ,poetry z a ,repres5tative ,art & ,rhy?m & ,h>mony 9 ,poetry & ,music2 & ,ehr5feld's ,/udi5 zur ,!orie des ,reims4 ,,"p ,,two ,i4 ,,f\r-,,/ress ,,v]se ,engli% v]se ( f\r /resses is *iefly to be divid$ into two gr\ps3 t repres5t+ ! primitive ,g]manic t5d5cy to emphasize ! elem5t ( acc5t r ?an ! c\nt+ ( syllables1 & t produc$ "u =eign influ5ce1 %[+ comp>ative regul>ity 9 ! numb] ( syllables to ! v]se4 ,! fir/ gr\p is made up ( ! v>i\s desc5dants ( ! orig9al long l9e1 sometimes rim$ & sometimes unrim$2 ! second gr\p ( =ms ( ! famili> octosyllabic c\plet4 7,( mod]n v]se only iambic measures are includ$ "h47 ,a4--,,non-,,syllable-,,c\nt+ ,! e>lie/ ,engli% v]se1 l e>ly ,g]manic v]se g5]ally1 is bas$ on ! recurr5ce ( /rong acc5ts1 & is compos$ ( a long l9e made up ( two %ort l9es1 or half-l9es1 :i* are b\nd toge!r by allit]ation4 ,z to ! numb] ( acc5ts to be c\nt$ 9 ! l9e1 !re are two !ories1 ! two-acc5t & ! f\r-acc5t4 ,accord+ to ! fir/1 we %\ld c\nt two acc5ts to ! half-l9e1 & f\r to ! long l9e2 accord+ to ! second1 we %\ld c\nt f\r to ! half-l9e & eight to ! long l9e4 ,! di/9ction is n s m>k$1 h[ev]1 z w\ld appe> at fir/ ?\ght2 = ! two-acc5t !ori/s recognize a consid]able numb] ( second>y acc5ts 9 addition to ! pr9cipal ones1 :ile ! f\r-acc5t !ori/s recognize half ! acc5ts z be+ commonly weak] ?an ! o!r half4 ,! f\r-acc5t !ory is t ( ,la*mann1 repres5t$ *iefly 9 m rec5t s*ol>%ip by t5 ,br9k & ,kaluza4 ,la*mann took1 z ! typical ,g]manic l9e1 su* a v]se z ?is f ! ,hildebr&li$1-- ,g>utun se iro guhama3 gurtun sih iro su]t ana2 b admitt$ t ! ,anglo-,saxon l9e 0 a dep>ture f ! type 9 ! direction ( few] acc5ts4 ,t5 ,br9k1 h[ev]1 f\nd ! full numb] ( acc5ts 9 ! typical ,anglo-,saxon l9e4 ,x is bas$ ^u a measure :i* belong$ to ! antiquity ( all ,g]manic races1 namely1 ! l9e ) eight emphatic syllables1 divid$ into equal p>ts by ! cesura4 7,engli% ,lit]ature1 trans4 ,k5n$y1 vol4 i4 pp4 #ba1 #bb47 ,! pr9cipal repres5tative ( ! two-acc5t !ory is ,siev]s1 ^: conclusions h be5 pretty g5]ally accept$ by ,engli% & ,am]ican s*ol>s4 ,he admits t v _m1 p]haps mo/1 ,anglo-,saxon l9es c be read ) eight acc5ts1 b %[s t !re is /ill a l>ge proportion 7"s elev5 hundr$ 9 ,be[ulf7 :i* _c be s read )\t wr5*+ ! natural read+4 ,on ?is subject1 see ,we/phal's ,allgeme9e ,metrik1 ,siev]s's ,altg]manis*e ,metrik1 ,kaluza's ,d] ,alt5glis*e ,v]s1 & ! articles by ,siev]s1 ,luick1 & t5 ,br9k 9 ,paul's ,grundriss d] ,g]manis*e ,philologie4 ,aside f ! two-"p /ructure ( ! long l9e1 ! numb] ( acc5ts1 & ! allit]ation1 ,anglo-,saxon v]se is m>k$ by ! usual co9cid5ce ( ! pr9cipal acc5ts ) long syllables4 ,! unacc5t$ p>ts ( ! l9e v>y 9 bo? ! numb] & l5g? ( ! syllables4 ,9 g5]al1 ea* half-l9e is divid$ into two feet1 or measures2 &1 accord+ to ! /ructure ( ^! feet1 ! ord9>y half-l9es ( ,anglo-,saxon v]se h be5 r$uc$ by ,siev]s to five fundam5tal types4 ,type ,a is repres5t$ by su* a half-l9e z /ium wordum4 ,type ,b inv]ts ! rhy?m ( ,a1 z 9 ! half-l9e ne w9t]scur4 ,type ,c is *>act]iz$ by ! juxtaposition ( ! two acc5ts1 z 9 ! half-l9e & = gangan4 ,type ,d commonly has only ! acc5t$ syllable 9 ! fir/ foot1 :ile ! second foot is *>act]iz$ by a sort ( dactylic rhy?m1 z 9 ! half-l9es sliende & flet innanwe>d4 ,type ,e inv]ts ! rhy?m ( ,d1 z 9 ! half-l9e gylp-wordum sprc4#af ,9 all ! types _m v>iations are f\nd4 ,! beg9n+ ( ! l9e may %[ anacrusis1 & two %ort syllables may take ! place ( a long syllable2 :ile an indet]m9ate numb] ( light syllables may (t5 be introduc$ be=e or aft] ! pr9cipal acc5ts4 ,hafa us alyf$ lucis auctor1 t we motun her m]u]i godddum begietan gaudia 9 celo1 r we motun maxima regna sec & gesittan s$ibus altis1 lifgan 9 lisse lucis et pacis1 agan e>d+a alm letit1 bruc blddaga bl&em et mitem geseon sigora ,frean s9e f9e1 & him l( s+an laude p]5ne eadge mid englum ,alleluia4 7,f ! ,anglo-,saxon ,phoenix4 ab4 #gjj ,a4,d47 ,^! clos+ l9es ( ! poem furni% an important opportunity to comp>e ! ,lat9 half-l9es ) ^? 9 ,anglo-,saxon4 ,ea* half seems to be influ5c$ by ! metrical nature ( ! o!r2 ! ,anglo-,saxon be+ a little m regul> 9 ! numb] ( syllables ?an usual1 ! ,lat9 less regul>4 ,s9ce1 to ! e> ( ! writ]1 ! two halves ( ea* v]se 7 d\btless fairly equival5t1 metrically1 & s9ce ea* ( ! ,lat9 half-l9es appe>s to h two acc5ts1 ^! comb9ation v]ses h be5 ?\ght to be an argum5t = ! two-acc5t !ory ( ,anglo-,saxon v]se4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! advocates ( ! f\r-acc5t !ory w\ld read ! ,lat9 half-l9es ) f\r /resses ea*1 on ! gr\nd t ne>ly e syllable 0 /ress$ 9 ! *ant+ ( su* religi\s v]se 7l-cs ac-tr1 etc474 ,see also ! specim5s on pp4 #ac & #ad1 above4 ,alle beon he blie at to my song lye3 ,a song ihc s*al ghou s+e ,( ,mury e k+e4 ,k+ he 0 bi we/e ,s longe s hit la/e4 ,godhild het 8 qu51 ,fair] ne mighte non b54 ,he hadde a sone at het ,horn1 ,fair] ne mighte non beo born1 ,ne no re9 ^u bir9e1 ,ne sunne ^u bis*9e4 7,k+ ,horn1 ll4 #a-ab4 ab4 #abjj-abej47 ,! metre ( ,k+ ,horn is v irregul>1 & has prov$ some:at puzzl+ to s*ol>s4 ,x seems to be ! direct result ( ! primitive long l9e brok5 into two halves by int]nal rime4 ,! numb] ( acc5ts v>ies greatly3 we may h v]ses :i* are easily read ) two1 su* z-- ,into s*upes borde ,at ! fur/ worde4 ,yet ^! x is evid5t might also be read ) ?ree acc5ts1 z 9 ! foll[+ c\plet also3 ,! se bigan to fl[e1 ,& ,horn *ild to r[e4 ,accord+ z "o reads ! ,anglo-,saxon v]se ) two or f\r acc5ts to ! half-l9e1 he w reg>d ! typical half-l9e ( ,k+ ,horn z made up ( two or f\r acc5ts4 ,if ! fundam5tal numb] 0 two1 ! additional acc5t$ syllables 7 d\btless introduc$ "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,fr5* eight-syllable c\plet4 ,x is n difficult to see h[ ! m regul> 7,lat9 or ,fr5*7 & ! less regul> 7native7 measures might h be5 confus$1 & soon h coalesc$ 9 popul> use4 ,t5 ,br9k1 read+ ! ,k+ ,horn l9es ) f\r acc5ts1 speaks ( !m z =m$ entirely on ! ,teutonic pr9ciple1 ) two acc5ts ^u ! sonor\s close ( ! v]se1 s t x appe>s to be an organic cont9uation ( ! *ief =m 9 ,layamon & 9 lfr$'s ,prov]bs4 ,?is circum/ance makes ! poem exceptional among ! e>ly ,engli% romances4 ,he also speaks ( an unmi/akably /rophic con/ruction 9 ! text z we h x4 7,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,k5n$y translation1 vol4 i4 p4 #bbg47 ,anon out ( e nor? e/ e noys bigynes3 ,:5 boe brees con bl[e ^u blo watt]es1 ,rogh rakkes p] ros ) rudnyng anund]1 e see s\ghed ful sore1 gret selly to "h1 e wyndes on e wonne wat] s wra/el tog$]1 at e wawes ful wode walt]$ s highe ,& efte bus*$ to e abyme1 at bre$ fys*es1 ,dur/ n[h]e = rogh are/ at e bo!m4 ,:5 e bre? & e brok & e bote mett51 ,hit watz a ioyles gyn1 at ,ionas watz inne2 ,= hit rel$ on r\n ^u e roghe yes4 7,pati5ce1 ll4 #acg-adg4 ab4 #acge47 ,til e knyght com hym-self1 ka*&e 8 blonk1 ,sygh hym byde at e bay1 8 burnegh bysyde1 ,he lyghtes lufly* ad\n1 levegh 8 cors\r1 ,braydegh out a bryght bront1 bigly =? /rydegh1 ,f\ndegh fa/ urgh ! =1 er e felle byde1 e wylde watgh w> ( e wyghe ) wepp5 9 honde4 ,hef hyghly e "h1 s hett]ly he fna/1 at fele f]de = e frekegh1 le/ felle hym e worre e swyn settegh hym out on e segge ev51 at e burne e bor 7 boe ^u hepegh1 ,9 e wyght-e/ ( e wat]1 e worre _h at oer2 ,= e mon m]kkegh hym wel1 z ay mette fyr/1 ,set sadly e s*>p 9 e slot ev51 ,hit hym up to e hult1 at e h]t s*ynd]$1 he gharr&e hym ghelde1 ghed\n e wat]1 ful tyt2 ,a hundre? h\ndegh hym h5t1 at bremely con hym bite1 ,burnegh him broght to b5t1 doggegh to de! endite4 7,sir ,gawayne & ! ,gre5 ,knight1 /rophe xviii4 ab4 #acge47 ,^! two specim5s1 bo? d\btless ! "w ( ! same au?or 7to :om are also attribut$ ! ,pe>l & ,cleanness71 repres5t ! patriotic revival ( ! allit]ative long l9e by contempor>ies ( ,*auc] 9 ! latt] half ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,9 ,sir ,gawayne ! rimeless long l9e is ga!r$ into /rophes1 ea* ( :i* concludes ) f\r rim+ l9es4 7,see above1 p4 #aji47 ,= analysis ( ?is reviv$ allit]ative v]se1 see a valuable article by ,dr4 ,luick1 ,die ,englis*e ,/abreimzeile im #adn1 #aen1 und #afn ,jahrhund]t1 9 ,anglia1 vol4 xi4 pp4 #cib & #eec4 ,luick analyzes n only ! poems ( ! ,pe>l poet1 b also ! ,troy ,book1 ! ,alex&] ,fragm5ts1 ,william ( ,pal]ne1 ,joseph ( ,arima!a1 ,morte ,ar?ure1 & m9or poems4 ,he f9ds ! ,troy ,book ! mo/ regul> allit]ative poem ( ,middle ,engli%1 b 9 all ( ! gr\p a g5]al t5d5cy to pres]ve n only ! e>ly laws ( allit]ation b also ! five types ( ,siev]s's ,anglo-,saxon metrics4 ,dr4 ,luick attributes ! f9al decl9e ( ! old measure 9 l>ge degree to ! fall+ away ( ! f9al syllables 9 -e1 etc42 )\t ^! num]\s fem99e end+s ! primitive long l9e 0 impossible4 ,?is he reg>ds z regrettable1 s9ce ! old allit]ative v]se1 gr[+ up on native soil ) ! language itself1 repres5t$ ! natural acc5t-relations ( ! ,g]manic languages1 especially ! recognition ( two pr9cipal degrees ( acc5t2 :]eas ! mod]n rim$ v]se requires ! r$uction ( ?is to a uni=m tick-tack ( alt]nat+ /ress & non-/ress4 ,he put on 8 back a good plate-jack1 ,& on 8 head a cap ( /eel1 ,) sword & buckl] by 8 side2 ,o g9 he did n become !m weel6 7,ballad ( ,bewick & ,grahame4 ,9 ,,gumm]e',s ,engli% ,ballads1 p4 #agf47 ,! regul> /anza ( ! old ballads 0 ( ?is f\r-/ress type1 ) extra light syllables admitt$ any:]e yet n 9 great numb]s4 ,m commonly1 h[ev]1 ! f\r? /ress 0 lo/ f ! second & f\r? l9es4 7,see p4 #bfd1 bel[47 ,i ?anke hym full ?raly1 & sir1 ,i saie hym ! same1 ,b :at m>vel\s mat]es dyd ?is myron !r mell8 ,= all ! lordis langage 8 lipps1 sir1 w] lame1 ,= any spirr+es 9 t space no spe*e walde he spell4 7,york ,my/]y ,plays3 ,! ,trial be=e ,pilate4 ,ed4 ,l4 ,t4 ,,smi?1 p4 #cbb47 ,z ,gamm] ,gurton1 ) manye a wyde /y*e1 ,sat pesynge & pat*+ ( ,hodg h] mans bri*e1 ,by *ance or mis=tune1 z %ee h] ge>e to/1 ,9 ,hodge le!r bry*es h] ne$le %ee lo/4 7,gamm] ,gurton's ,ne$le1 ,prologue4 #aeff47 ,9 ^! specim5s we h ! lat] desc5dant ( ! long l9e z us$ 9 ! e>ly drama ( ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies1--! tumbl+ v]se1 regul> 9 rhy?m & rime1 b indiff]5t to ! numb] ( syllables4#ag ,sometimes1 :]e mo/ regul>1 z 9 l9es #b-d ( ! second specim51 ! measure approximates closely to regul> f\r-/ress anape/ic4 ,! "t 0 once1 & may aga9e retorne1 7,= ought may happ5 t ha? b5e be=ne71 ,:5 %ephe>ds _h none inh]itaunce1 ,ne ( l&1 nor fee 9 suff]aunce1 ,b :at might arise ( ! b>e %eepe1 7,7 x m or lesse7 :i* !y did keepe4 ,well ywis 0 x ) %ephe>ds ?oe3 ,n\ght hav+1 n\ght fe>$ !y to =goe2 ,= ,pan himselfe 0 _! inh]itaunce1 ,& little !m s]v$ = _! maynt5aunce4 ,! %ephe>ds ,god s wel !m guid$1 ,t ( n\ght !y 7 unprovid$2 ,butt] en\gh1 honye1 milke1 & :ay1 ,& _! flockes' fleeces !m to araye4 7,,sp5s]3 ,! ,%eph]d's ,cal5d>1 ,may4 #aegi47 ,sp5s]'s use ( ! tumbl+ v]se 9 ! ,%eph]d's ,cal5d> 0 a "p ( 8 imitation ( old] =ms = ! sake ( an uncultivat$1 bucolic effect4 ,9 8 h&s ! irregul> measure %[$ a t5d5cy to r$uce itself to regul> t5-syllable l9es1 l ! fir/ two ( ! pres5t specim51 :i*1 by !mselves1 might easily be read z decasyllabic iambics4 ,on ?is1 see fur!r "u ,five-,/ress ,v]se4 ,sp5s] 0 p]haps ! la/ cultivat$ poet to use ! irregul> measure1 until we come to mod]n imitators ( ! e>ly popul> poetry4 ,! foll[+ specim5 is ( ?is class4 ,x 0 up 9 ! morn we rose betimes ,f ! hall-floor h>d by ! r[ ( limes4 ,x 0 b ,john ! ,r$ & ,i1 ,& we 7 ! bre?r5 ( ,gregory2 ,& ,gregory ! ,wright 0 "o ,( ! valiant m5 b5ea? ! sun1 ,& :at he bade u t we did1 ,= ne'er he kept 8 c\nsel hid4 ,s out we w5t1 & ! clatt]+ lat* ,woke up ! swall[s "u ! ?at*4 ,x 0 d>k 9 ! por*1 b our scy!s we felt1 ,& ?ru/ ! :et/one "u ! belt4 ,?r\gh ! cold g>d5 b\ghs we w5t ,:]e ! tumbl+ roses %$ _! sc5t4 ,!n out a-gates & away we /rode ,o'er ! dewy /raws on ! du/y road1 ,& !re 0 ! mead by ! t[n-reeve's close ,:]e ! h$ge 0 sweet ) ! wild+ rose4 7,,william ,,morris3 ,! ,folk-,mote by ! ,riv]4 ,9 ,poems by ! ,way4 #ahif47 ,b4--,,syllable-,,c\nt+ 7,,octosyllabic ,,c\plet7 ,! m regul> f\r-/ress v]se1 9 rim$ c\plets %[+ a t5d5cy to be octosyllabic1 we h se5 to be g5]ally attribut$ to ! influ5ce ( ! ,fr5* octosyllabics1 :i* 7 9 common use 9 late m$ival ,fr5* poetry1 su* z t ( ,wace & ,*re/i5 de ,troyes4 ,accord+ to ,/5gel 79 ,grb]'s ,grundriss d] ,romanis*5 ,philologie71 ?is octosyllabic ,fr5* v]se goes back to a lo/ vulg> ,lat9 v]se2 ?is view is oppos$ by ,dr4 ,c4 ,m4 ,lewis1 9 8 ,=eign ,s\rces ( ,mod]n ,engli% ,v]sification 7,yale ,/udies 9 ,engli%1 #ahih71 :o f9ds its orig9 9 ! tetramet] ( ! ,lat9 hymns4 ,dr4 ,lewis also attributes to ?is ,lat9 v]se m direct influ5ce on ,engli% v]se ?an is commonly assum$4 ,?us he f9ds 9 x1 r ?an 9 ! ,fr5* octosyllabics1 ! model ( ! v]se ( ! ,pat] ,no/]1 quot$ bel[4 ,! argum5t is briefly ?is3 ! ,lat9 v]se 0 bo? acc5tual & syllabic2 ! ,fr5* v]se 0 syllabic b n acc5tual2 t ( ! ,pat] ,no/] is acc5tual b n syllabic2 h5ce x is m ne>ly l ! ,lat9 ?an ! ,fr5*4 ,a /anza ( ! ,lat9 tetramet]1 cit$ by ,dr4 ,lewis f ! hymn ,aurora lucis rutilat1 is z foll[s3 ,tri/es erat apo/oli de nece sui ,dom9i1 quem poena mortis crudeli s]vi damn>unt impii4 ,comp>e ^! l9es f ! ,brut ( ,wace3 ,adunt apela ,cordeille qui e/eit sa plus joes ne fille2 pur ce que il l'aveit plus *i]e que ,raga ne la premi]e quida que el e cune/ que plus *i] des al tres l'e/4 ,cordeil le out bi5 escut et bi5 out en sun cu] n cum5t ses deus sorurs p>lont1 cum5t lur p]e los5gont4 ,! la/ f\r v]ses ( ?is passage are cit$ by ,s*ipp] z illu/rat+ ! regul> iambic "* ( ! ,fr5* octosyllabics2 b ,dr4 ,lewis reg>ds ! measure z purely syllabic1 ) no reg>d = alt]nation ( acc5ts1 & in/ances ! e>li] l9es ( ! passage z be+ q z ne>ly anape/ic z iambic4 7,see ,s*ipp]1 vol4 i4 p4 #ajg1 & ,lewis's monograph1 z cit$ above1 pp4 #gc ff4 ,see also ,cr[3 ,zur ,ges*i*te des ,kurz5 ,reimpa>es 9 ,mittel ,englis*47 ,dr4 ,lewis's conclusion is3 ,we may !re=e sum up ! :ole hi/ory ( our octosyllabic v]se 9 ?is way3 we borr[$ its numb] ( acc5ts f ! ,lat91 b ow+ to ! vitality ( our own native traditions we at fir/ borr[$ no?+ fur!r2 ! syllabic "* ( ! v]se 7s f> z x has be5 import$ at all71 came 9 only gradually1 aga9/ /ubborn resi/ance2 & x came n directly f ! ,lat91 b indirectly1 ?r\gh ! ,fr5* 7pp4 #ig1 #ih74 ,"s ( ^! /atem5ts are op5 to "q2 b h[ev] we may int]pret ! ,fr5* v]se ( ,wace & 8 contempor>ies1 x is obvi\s t 9 ,engli% ! influ5ce ( ! ,lat9 & ! ,fr5* poetry w\ld v naturally be fus$1 ) no necess>ily cle> conception ( def9ite v]se-/ructure4 ,:e!r "u ,fr5* or ,lat9 influ5ce1 h[ev]1 ! new t5d5cy 0 = ! m accurate c\nt+ ( syllables4 ,we may see "s sugge/ion ( ?is 9 ! v]ses ( ,/4 ,godric1 quot$ on p4 #abf1 above1 al?\gh !y are n regul>ly iambic4 ,! poem on ! ,elev5 ,pa9s ( ,hell 79 ! ,old ,engli% ,miscellany7 %[s ! ,fr5* influ5ce cle>ly m>k$ by ! language ( its op5+ v]ses3 ,ici com5c5t les unze peynes ,de enf]n1 les queus seynt pool vi/4 ,ure f$] et 9 heov5e is1 et is al s ful iwis6 ,weo mot5 to !or weordes iseon1 et to live & to saule gode beon1 et weo beon swa 8 sunes ibor5e1 et he beo f$] & we him icor5e1 et we don alle 8 ib$5 ,& 8 wille = to r$54 7,! ,pat] ,no/]1 ab4 #aage4 ,9 ,morris's ,old ,engli% ,homilies1 p4 #ee47 ,?is poem is sometimes said to %[ ! fir/ appe>ance ( ! octosyllabic c\plet 9 ,engli%4 ,x sugge/s ! /ruggle betwe5 native indiff]5ce to syllable-c\nt+ & imitation ( ! great] regul>ity ( its models4 ,z ,dr4 ,morris says ( ! next specim53 ,! ess5ce ( ! sy/em ( v]sification :i* ! poet has adopt$ is1 briefly1 t e l9e %all h f\r acc5t$ syllables 9 x1 ! unacc5t$ syllables be+ left 9 "s measure1 z x 71 to take c>e ( !mselves4 ,b ?is does n altoge!r d ju/ice to ! new regul>ity4 ,s*ipp] says t ( ! fir/ #ajj l9es ( ! poem #bj are p]fectly regul>4 7,see 8 notes 9 vol4 i4 p4 #aji47 ,9 ! foll[+ specim5s we may trace ! gradual gr[? ( skill & accuracy4 o h]de ,abraham /ev5e fro gode1 newe tid+ & selku bode3 'tac 9 sune ,ysaac 9 hond & f> wi him to sih+es lond4 & or a salt him (fr5 me1 on an hil1 or ic sal taun5 e4 7,g5esis & ,exodus1 ll4 #abhe-abij4 ab4 #abej-acjj47 ,abid6 abid6 ! ule seide4 ,?u ge/ al to mid swikel$e2 ,all ?9e wordes ?u bi-lei/1 ,t hit ?9c? so? al t ?u sei/2 ,alle ?9e wordes bo? i-slik$1 ,an s bi-sem$ & bi-lik$1 ,t alle ?o t hi avo?1 ,hi w5e? t ?u segge so?4 7,! ,owl & ! ,night+ale1 ll4 #hce-hdb4 ,?irte5? c5tury47 ,quh5 is wes said1 ai w5t are way1 & till e t\n soyn cum9 ar ?ai sa prevely bot noys mak+1 at nane p]savit air cummyng4 ai scalit ?r\ e t\ne 9 hy & brak up dures /urdely & slew all1 at ai my*t ourtak2 & ai1 at na def5s my*t mak1 fall pitwisly c\? rair & cry1 & ai slew ame dispitwisly4 7,,b>b\r3 ,bruce1 v4 #hi-ih4 ab4 #acge47 ,ghyf ou ev] urghe folye ,dydy/ ought d nygromauncye4 ,or to ! devyl d$y/ sacryfyse urghe wy*craftys asyse1 ,or any man ghaf e m$e ,= to reyse e devyl yn d$e1 ,= to telle1 or = to wrey1 ynge at 0 don awey2 ghyf ou h d any ( ys1 ou ha/ synn$e & d a mys1 ,& ou art wury to be %5t urghe ys y*e commaundem5t4#ah 7,,rob]t ,,mann+ ( ,brunne3 ,h&lyng ,synne1 ll4 #cci-cej4 ab4 #acjj47 ,h]knet to me1 gode m51 ,wives1 maydnes1 & alle m51 ,( a tale at i* y wile telle1 ,wo s x wile "h1 & er-to duelle4 e tale is ( ,havelok i-mak$2 ,wil he 0 litel he y$e ful nak$3 ,havelok 0 a ful god gome1 ,he 0 ful god 9 ev]i trome1 ,he 0 e wicte/e man at n$e1 at urte rid5 on ani /$e4 at ye m[5 n\ y-"h1 ,& e tale ye m[5 y-l]e4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ure tale1 ,fil me a cuppe ( ful god ale2 ,& y wile dr9k5 h] y spelle1 at ,cri/ u %ilde alle fro helle6 7,lay ( ,havelok ! ,dane4 ll4 #a-af4 ab4 #acjj47 ,= lays & romances1 bo? ,fr5* & ,engli%1 ! f\r-/ress c\plet 0 an easy & favorite =m4 ,comp>e ! rem>ks ( t5 ,br9k3 ,we see h[ ! %ort c\plet1 :i* is ! /&+ =m ( ! c\rt-romance1 0 n only transmitt$ to x f ! leg5d>y1 didactic1 & hi/orical poems1 b 0 also sugge/$ to x by ^? songs to :i* x 0 indebt$ = its own subject-matt]4 ,o!r tok5s indicate t a %ort /rophe compos$ ( eight-syllabl$ l9es1 ) s+le or alt]nat+ rhymes1 0 a favorite =m = _m subjects 9 ?is jongleur poetry4444 ,! simple =m ( ! %ort c\plet (f]$ to ! romance-poet no scope to compete 9 metrical te*nique ) ! skill$ c\rt-lyri/s4 ,he c\ld prove 8 art only )9 a limit$ portion ( ?is field3 9 ! treatm5t ( ! enjambem5t & p>ticul>ly ( rhyme4 ,! poet /rove n only to =m pure rhymes1 b (t5 to c>ry !m =w>d ) m syllables ?an 7 ess5tial1 & he 0 fond ( all sorts ( grammatical devices 9 rhyme4 7,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,k5n$y trans41 vol4 i4 pp4 #agd1 #age47 ,! _w /ant ev] ^u debate1 ,s may be sik] none e/ate2 ,n[ "h1 n[ !re1 n[ to1 n[ fro1 ,n[ up1 n[ d[n1 ! _w go? s1 ,& ev] ha? done & ev] %al2 ,:]( ,i f9de 9 special ,a tale writ5 9 ! bible1 ,:i* mu/ n$es be cr$ible1 ,& t z 9 conclusion ,sai?1 t ^u division ,/ant1 :y no worldes ?+ may la/e1 ,til x be drive to ! la/e1 ,& fro ! fir/e regne ( all ,unto ?is day h[ s befall ,( t ! regnes be mevable1 ,! man him self ha? be c\pable1 ,:i*e ( 8 propre gov]naunce ,=tune? al ! worldes *aunce4 7,,john ,,g[]3 ,prologue to ,confessio ,amantis4 ,ed4 ,,pauli1 vol4 i4 pp4 #bb1 #bc4 ab4 #acij47 ,o god ( sci5ce & ( light1 ,apollo1 ?r\gh ?y grete might1 ,?is litel la/e bok ?\ gye6 ,nat t ,i wilne1 = mai/rye1 ,"h art poetical be %ew$2 ,b1 = ! rym is light & lew$1 ,yit make hit sum:at agreable1 ,?\gh som v]s faile 9 a sillable2 ,& t ,i d no dilig5ce ,to %ewe craft1 b o s5t5ce4 ,& if1 divyne v]tu1 ?\ ,wilt helpe me to %ewe n[ ,t 9 myn h$e y-m>k$ is-- ,lo1 t is = to m55 ?is1 ,! ,h\s ( ,fame to descryve-- ,?\ %alt see me g1 z blyve1 ,unto ! nexte laure ,i see1 ,& kisse hit1 = hit is ?y tree4 7,,*auc]3 ,h\se ( ,fame1 ll4 #ajia-aajh4 ab4 #ache47 ,x 0 ,g[] & ,*auc]1 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 :o br\ght ! use ( ! eight-syllable c\plet to ! po9t ( accuracy & p]fection4 ,g[] made x ! vehicle ( ! int]m9able n>rative ( ! ,confessio ,amantis1 us+ x ) regul>ity b ) great monotony4 ,*auc] trans=m$ x into a mu* m flexible =m 7) fre$om ( cesura1 enjambem5t1 & inv]sions71 us+ x 9 ab\t #cejj l9es ( 8 poetry 7exclud+ ! translation ( ! ,roman de la ,rose71 b e>ly leav+ x = ! decasyllabic v]se4 ,9 mod]n ,engli% poetry ?is %ort c\plet has r>ely be5 us$ = cont9u\s n>rative ( a s]i\s "*1 except by ,byron & ,wordswor?4 ,b let my due feet nev] fail ,to walk ! /udi\s cloi/]'s pale1 ,& love ! high emb[$ ro(1 ,) antique pill>s massy pro(1 ,& /ori$ w9d[s ri*ly dight1 ,ca/+ a dim religi\s light4 ,!re let ! peal+ organ bl[1 ,to ! full-voic$ *oir bel[1 ,9 s]vice high1 & an!ms cle>1 ,z may ) sweetness1 ?r\gh m9e e>1 ,dissolve me into ec/asies1 ,& br+ all heav5 be=e my eyes4 7,,milton3 ,il ,p5s]oso1 ll4 #aee-aff4 #afcd47 ,a sect ^: *ief devotion lies ,9 odd1 p]v]se antipa?ies1 ,9 fall+ out ) t or ?is ,& f9d+ some?+ /ill amiss2 ,m peevi%1 cross1 & spl5etic ,?an dog di/ract or monkey sick3 ,t ) m c>e keep holyday ,! wrong1 ?an o!rs ! "r way2 ,comp\nd = s9s !y are incl9$ to ,by damn+ ^? !y h no m9d to4444 ,r ?an fail !y w defy ,t :i* !y love mo/ t5d]ly2 ,qu>rel ) m9ce-pies1 & disp>age ,_! be/ & de>e/ fri5d plum-porridge1 ,fat pig & goose itself oppose1 ,& blaspheme cu/>d ?r\gh ! nose4 7,,samuel ,,butl]3 ,hudibras1 ,"p ,i4 #affc47 ,butl] made ! octosyllabic c\plet s entirely 8 own1 = ! purposes ( 8 jogg+ satiric v]se1 t ev] s9ce x has frequ5tly be5 call$ ,hudibra/ic4 ,! +5uity ( 8 rimes add$ n a little to its effectiv5ess4 ,9 ! ,spectator 7,no4 #bdi7 ,addison said t burlesque poetry runs be/ 9 doggrel l t ( ,hudibras1 444 :5 a h]o is to be pull$ d[n & degrad$2 o!rwise 9 ! h]oic measure4 ,he speaks also ( ! g5]ality ( ,butl]'s read]s z be+ wond]fully pleas$ ) ! d\ble rhymes4 ,h[ deep yon azure dyes ! sky1 ,:]e orbs ( gold unnumb]'d lie1 ,:ile ?r\gh _! ranks 9 silv] pride ,! ne!r cresc5t seems to glide6 ,! slumb]+ breeze =gets to brea!1 ,! lake is smoo? & cle> b5ea?1 ,:]e once aga9 ! spangl$ %[ ,desc5ds to meet our eyes bel[4 ,! gr\nds :i* on ! "r aspire1 ,9 dimness f ! view retire3 ,! left pres5ts a place ( graves1 ,^: wall ! sil5t wat] laves4 ,t /eeple guides ?y d\btful sight ,among ! livid gleams ( night4 ,!re pass1 ) melan*oly /ate1 ,by all ! solemn heaps ( fate1 ,& ?9k1 z s(tly-sad y tread ,above ! v5]able dead1 ',"t 01 l !e !y life posse/1 ,& "t %alt be1 t ?\ %alt re/4' 7,,?omas ,,p>nell3 ,a ,night-,piece on ,dea?1 ab4 #agae47 ,mr4 ,gosse speaks ( ,p>nell's employm5t ( ! octosyllabic c\plet 9 ?is poem z wond]fully subtle & h>moni\s4 7,eighte5? ,c5tury ,lit]ature1 p4 #acg47 ,a ,h>e :o1 9 a civil way1 ,compli$ ) ev]y?+1 l ,gay1 ,0 kn[n by all ! be/ial tra9 ,:o haunt ! wood1 or graze ! pla94 ,h] c>e 0 nev] to (f5d1 ,& e creature 0 h] fri5d4 ,z =? %e w5t at e>ly dawn1 ,to ta/e ! dew-bespr9kl$ lawn1 ,beh9d %e he>s ! hunt]'s cries1 ,& f ! deep-m\!d ?und] flies3 ,%e />ts1 %e /ops1 %e pants = brea?2 ,%e he>s ! ne> advance ( dea?2 ,%e d\bles1 to mislead ! h\nd1 ,& measures back h] mazy r\nd3 ,till1 fa9t+ 9 ! public way1 ,half dead ) fe> %e gasp+ lay4 7,,john ,,gay3 ,! ,h>e & ,_m ,fri5ds1 9 ,fables4 #agbg47 ,gay's use ( ! %ort c\plet 9 8 ,fables sometimes %[s x at its be/ = n>rative purposes4 ,my female fri5ds1 ^: t5d] he>ts ,h bett] le>n$ to act _! p>ts1 ,receive ! news 9 doleful dumps3 ',! ,dean is dead3 7,pray :at is trumps87 ,!n1 ,"l h m]cy on 8 s\l6 7,ladies1 ,i'll v5ture = ! vole47 ,six ,deans1 !y say1 mu/ be> ! pall3 7,i wi% ,i knew :at k+ to call74 ,madam1 y\r husb& w att5d ,! fun]al ( s good a fri5d8 ,no1 madam1 'tis a %ock+ sight3 ,& he's engag$ to-morr[ night3 ,my ,lady ,club w take x ill1 ,if he %\ld fail h] at quadrille4 ,he lov$ ! ,dean--7,i lead a he>t7 ,b de>e/ fri5ds1 !y say1 mu/ "p4 ,8 "t 0 come3 he ran 8 race2 ,we hope he's 9 a bett] place4' 7,,swift3 ,on ! ,dea? ( ,dr4 ,swift4 #agca47 ,swift made use ( ! octosyllabic c\plet 9 ne>ly all 8 v]se1 & ) no little vigor & orig9ality4 ,mr4 ,gosse rem>ks3 ,8 l9es fall l well-direct$ bl[s ( ! flail1 & he gives ! octosyllabic measure1 :i* he is accu/om$ to *oose on acc\nt ( ! ,hudibra/ic opportunities x (f]s1 a "* :i* is entirely 8 own4 7,eighte5? ,c5tury ,lit]ature1 p4 #aec47 ,ye =ms div9e1 ye laureat b&1 ,t ne> h] inmo/ alt> /&6 ,n[ soo! h] to h] blissful tra9 ,bli! concord's social =m to ga92 ,concord1 ^: myrtle w& c /eep ,ev5 ang]'s blood%ot eyes 9 sleep2 ,be=e ^: brea?+ bosom's balm ,rage drops 8 /eel1 & /orms gr[ calm2 ,h] let our sires & matrons ho> ,welcome to ,brita9's ravag$ %ore2 ,our y\?s1 enamor$ ( ! fair1 ,play ) ! tangles ( h] hair1 ,till1 9 "o l\d applaud+ s\nd1 ,! nations %\t to h] ar\nd1-- ,o h[ supremely ?\ art ble/1 ,?\1 lady1 ?\ %alt rule ! ,we/6 7,,coll9s3 ,ode to ,lib]ty4 #agdf47 ,:5 *apman billies leave ! /reet1 ,& dr\?y neibors1 neibors meet2 ,z m>ket days are we>+ late1 ,& folk beg9 to tak ! gate1 ,:ile we sit b\s+ at ! nappy1 ,an' gett+ f\ & unco happy1 ,we ?9k na on ! lang ,scots miles1 ,! mosses1 wat]s1 slaps & /iles1 ,t lie betwe5 u & our hame1 ,:]e sits our sulky1 sull5 dame1 ,ga!r+ h] br[s l ga!r+ /orm1 ,nurs+ h] wra? to keep x w>m4 7,,burns3 ,tam ,o',%ant]1 ll4 #a-ab4 #agij47 ,!y *a9'd u ea* to a column /one1 ,& we 7 ?ree--yet1 ea* alone2 ,we c\ld n move a s+le pace1 ,we c\ld n see ea* o!r's face1 ,b ) t pale & livid light ,t made u /rang]s 9 our sight3 ,& ?us toge!r--yet ap>t1 ,fett]'d 9 h&1 b jo9$ 9 he>t1 ',twas /ill "s solace1 9 ! de>? ,( ! pure elem5ts ( e>?1 ,to he>k5 to ea* o!r's spee*1 ,& ea* turn com=t] to ea*1 ,) "s new hope1 or leg5d old1 ,or song h]oically bold4 7,,byron3 ,! ,prison] ( ,*illon1 iii4 #ahaf47 ,a mortal song we s+1 by d[] ,enc\rag$ ( cele/ial p[]2 ,p[] :i* ! viewless ,_s %$ ,by :om we fir/ 7 visit$2 ,^: voice we he>d1 ^: h& & w+s ,swept l a breeze ! consci\s /r+s1 ,:51 left 9 solitude1 ere:ile ,we /ood be=e ?is ru9$ ,pile1 ,&1 quitt+ unsub/antial dreams1 ,sang 9 ?is ,pres5ce k9dr$ !mes4 7,,wordswor?3 ,:ite ,doe ( ,ryl/one1 canto vii4 ll4 #bhb-bia4 #ahae47 ,ill f>$ x !n ) ,rod]ick ,dhu1 ,t on ! field 8 t>ge he ?rew1 ,^: braz5 /uds & t\gh bull-hide ,_h dea? s (t5 da%'d aside2 ,=1 tra9'd abroad 8 arms to wield1 ,fitz-,james's blade 0 sword & %ield4444 ,?ree times 9 clos+ /rife !y /ood1 ,& ?rice ! ,saxon blade drank blood2 ,no /9t$ draught1 no scanty tide1 ,! gu%+ flood ! t>tans dy$4 ,fi]ce ,rod]ick felt ! fatal dra91 ,& %[]'d 8 bl[s l w9try ra92 ,&1 z firm rock1 or ca/le-ro(1 ,aga9/ ! w9t] %[] is pro(1 ,! foe1 invuln]able /ill1 ,foil'd 8 wild rage by /eady skill2 ,till1 at advantage ta'en1 8 br& ,=c$ ,rod]ick's weapon f 8 h&1 ,& backw>d borne ^u ! lea1 ,br\ght ! pr\d ,*iefta9 to 8 knee4 7,,scott3 ,! ,lady ( ! ,lake1 canto v4 /4 xv4 #ahaj47 ,h[ ?is _! joy fulfill$ might move ,! _w ar\nd ,i "k n well2 ,b yet ?is idle dream do? tell ,t no m sil5t 0 ! place1 ,t new joy lit up e face1 ,t joy\s lov]s kiss$ & clung1 ,e'en z ^! twa91 t songs 7 sung ,f m\? to m\? 9 rose-b[]s1 ,:]e h& 9 h& & cr[n$ ) fl[]s1 ,folk prais$ ! ,lov] & ,belov$ ,t su* long ye>s1 su* pa9 _h prov$2 ,b s(t1 !y say1 _! joyance 0 ,:5 mid/ !m soon ! twa9 did pass1 ,h& lock$ 9 h&1 he>t kiss+ he>t1 ,no m ?is side ( dea? to "p-- ,no m1 no m--full s(t ,i say ,_! greet+s 7 t happy day1 ,z ?\gh 9 p5sive semblance clad2 ,= fe> _! faces ov]-glad ,?is c]ta9 ?+ %\ld seem to hide1 ,t love c ne'er be satisfi$4 7,,william ,,morris3 ,! ,e>?ly ,p>adise2 ,! ,l& ,ea/ ( ! ,sun4 #ahgj47 ,,footnotes3 #af ,= ,siev]s's analysis ( ,anglo-,saxon v]se into ^! types1 see 8 articles 9 ,paul & ,braune's ,beitrge1 vols4 x4 & xii42 & ! brief /atem5t 9 ! ,app5dix to ,bright's ,anglo-,saxon ,read]1 f :i* ! examples j quot$ are tak54 #ag ,! t]m tumbl+ v]se1 us$ = obvi\s reasons1 appe>s at lea/ z e>ly z #aehe1 :5 ,k+ ,james1 9 8 ,reulis & ,cautelis = ,scot* ,poetry1 said3 ,= flyt+1 or ,invectives1 use ?is kynde ( v]se foll[+1 callit ,r\ncefallis1 or ,tumbl+ v]se3 ',9 ! h9d] end ( h>ve/ ^u ,alhall[ ene1 ,quh5 our gude ni*tbors rydis 7n\ gif ,i reid ri*t7 ,"s bucklit on a b5wod1 & "s on a b5e1 ,ay trott & into tr\pes fra ! twyli*t4' ,& aga93 ,ye man obs]ve t ?ir ,tumbl+ v]se fl[is n on t fass\n1 z u!ris dois4 ,= all u!ris keipis ! reule quhilk ,i gave be=e1 ,to wit1 ! fir/ fute %ort ! sec\nd lang1 & sa fur?4 ,quhair z ?ir hes twa %ort1 & ane lang ?r\* all ! lyne1 quh5 !y keip ord\r3 albeit ! mai/ "p ( ?ame be out ( ord\r1 & keipis na kynde nor reule ( ,fl[+1 & = t cause are callit ,tumbl+ v]se4 7,arb] ,repr9t1 pp4 #fh1 #fc1 #fd47 ,see fur!r on ! p]si/5t use ( ?is r\gh measure 9 ,engli%1 side by side ) ! m regul> syllable-c\nt+ v]se1 ,s*ipp]'s obs]vations & examples 9 ! ,grundriss d] ,englis*e ,metrik1 pp4 #aji ff4 ,z a mod]n example ,s*ipp] cites "o ( ,?ack]ay's ballads3 ,?is ,m>y 0 pore & 9 mis]y once1 ,& %e came to ,mrs4 ,roney x's m ?an twelve monce4 ,%e adn't got no b$1 nor no d9n] nor no tea1 ,& k9d ,mrs4 ,roney gave ,m>y all ?ree4 #ah ,?is poem ( ,rob]t ,mann+'s 0 a translation ( a ,norman ,fr5* "w1 ,wadd+ton's ,manuel des ,pe*iez4 ,! foll[+ is ! orig9al ( ! passage "h reproduc$3 ,si vus unques p> folye ,entremeissez de nigremancie1 ,ou feites al deable sacrifise1 ,ou en*antem5t p> fol aprise2 ,ou1 a g5t de tiel me/] ,r5 dona/es pur lur jugl]1 ,ou pur dem&] la v]ite ,de *ose qe v\s fut a dire1-- ,fet avez ap]tem5t ,encuntre ceo comm&em5t2 ,ceo e/ grant mescreaunceie1 ,dut] de ceo1 ne devez mie4 7,furnivall ed4 ( ,mann+1 p4 #ab4 ll4 #ajgh-ajhi47 ,,ii4 ,,five-,,/ress ,,v]se ,! five-/ress or decasyllabic v]se 7iambic p5tamet]7 is s mu* m widely us$ 9 mod]n ,engli% poetry ?an any o!r v]se-=m1 t its hi/ory is ( special int]e/4 ,x is curi\s t a =m s completely adopt$ z ! favorite ( ,engli% v]se %\ld be borr[$ r ?an native2 b1 ! syllable-c\nt+ pr9ciple once be+ admitt$1 !re is no?+ 9 five-/ress v]se inconsi/5t ) native ,engli% t5d5cies4 ,a v great "p ( su* v]se has really only f\r full acc5ts1 & ?is we h se5 to be ! numb] ( acc5ts 9 ! native ,engli% v]se4 ,on ?is po9t1 see fur!r rem>ks 9 connection ) ! specim5 f ,sp5s]1 p4 #ahj bel[4 ,?is v]se appe>s 9 two great divisions1 rim$ 7! decasyllabic c\plet7 & unrim$ 7blank v]se74 ,! rim$ =m 0 ! e>li]1 ! unrim$ be+ m]ely a modification ( x "u ! influ5ce ( o!r unrim$ metres4 ,a4--,,! ,,decasyllabic ,,c\plet ,lutel wot hit anymon1 h\ love hym h yb\nde1 at = u oe rode ron1 ant boht u wi is w\nde4 e love ( hym u h ymak$ s\nde1 ant yca/ e grimly go/ to gr\nde4 ,ev] oo1 nyht day1 he h u 9 is ohte1 ,he nul n\t leose at he s deore bohte4 99 99 99 99 99 ,8 deope w\nde bl$e fa/1 ( hem we ohte munne6 ,he ha ous out ( helle yca/1 ybroht u out ( sunne2 f= love ( u 8 wonges waxe unne1 ,8 h]te blod he ghaf = al mon kunne4 ,ev] oo1 etc4 7,song f ,h>leian ,,ms4 #bbec4 ,9 ,b,,ddek]',s ,alt5glis*e ,di*tung51 p4 #bca47 ,?is e>ly religi\s lyric is ( int]e/ z conta9+ ! fir/ kn[n use ( ! five-/ress c\plet 9 ,engli%4 ,"h x is only 9 a few l9es t ! c\plet occurs1 & s sporadic an occurr5ce %\ld p]haps be reg>d$ z due to no?+ m ?an *ance4 ,see ,s*ipp]1 vol4 i4 p4 #dci1 & t5 ,br9k's ,*auc]'s ,spra*e und ,v]skun/1 p4 #agc f4 ,t5 ,br9k calls att5tion to ano!r fairly regul> five-/ress v]se1 f\nd on p4 #bec ( ,wright's ,political ,songs3 ,= miht is riht1 ! l\d is laweless4#ai ,&1 z = me1 ?\gh t my wit be lyte1 ,on bokes = to r$e ,i me delyte1 ,& 9 myn h]te h hem 9 rev]5ce2 ,& to hem yeve swi* lu/ & swi* cr$5ce1 ,t !r is wel une! game noon ,t f my bokes make me too goon1 ,b hit be o!r up-on ! haly-day1 ,or elles 9 ! joly tyme ( ,may2 ,:an t ,i "h ! smale f\les s+e1 ,& t ! fl\res g9ne = to spr+e1 ,f>wel my /udie1 z la/+ t ses\n6 ,n[ h ,i !rto ?is condici\n ,t1 ( alle ! fl\res 9 ! m$e1 ,?an love ,i mo/ ^! fl\res :yte & r$e1 ,swi*e z m5 call5 daysies 9 our t\n4 ,to !m h ,i s greet affecci\n4 7,,*auc]3 ,leg5d ( ,good ,wom51 ,prologue1 ll4 #bi-dd4 ,text ,a4 ab4 #ache47 ,a good man 0 !r ( religi\n1 ,& 0 a povre ,p]s\n ( a t\n2 ,b ri*e he 0 ( holy ?oght & w]k4 ,he 0 also a l]n$ man1 a cl]k1 ,t ,cri/es gospel trewely wolde pre*e2 ,8 p>is%5s dev\tly wolde he te*e4 ,b5igne he 01 & wond] dilig5t1 ,& 9 adv]sitee ful paci5t2444 ,he wayt$ aft] no pompe & rev]5ce1 ,ne mak$ him a spyc$ consci5ce1 ,b ,cri/es lore1 & 8 apo/les twelve1 ,he taughte1 & fir/ he folw$ x himselve4 7,,*auc]3 ,prologue to ,cant]bury ,tales1 ll4 #dgg-dhd1 #ebe-ebh4 ab4 #ache47 ,) ,*auc] we h ! fir/ delib]ate use ( ! five-/ress c\plet1 9 cont9u\s v]se1 kn[n to ,engli% poetry4 ,8 e>lie/ use ( ! p5tamet] l9e 0 9 ! ,compleynt to ,pitee 7p]haps writt5 ab\t #acga71 9 ! rime royal /anza2 8 e>lie/ use ( ! p5tamet] c\plet 0 9 ! ,leg5d ( ,good ,wom51 usually dat$ #ache4 ,f t "t ! measure became almo/ 8 only in/rum5t1 & we f9d altoge!r 9 8 poetry "s #af1jjj l9es 9 ! c\plet1 besides "s #ad1jjj m 9 rime royal4 ,too mu* praise _c be giv5 ,*auc]'s use ( ! c\plet4 ,al?\gh x 0 an exp]im5t 9 ,engli% v]se1 x has p]haps h>dly be5 us$ s9ce 8 "t ) great] skill4 ,he us$ a v>iety ( cesuras 7see t5 ,br9k's monograph = ! enum]ation ( !m71 a v l>ge numb] ( fem99e end+s 7su* z ! /ill pron\nc$ f9al-e & simil> syllables easily provid$71 free inv]sions 9 ! fir/ foot & else:]e1 & _m run-on l9es 79 a typical #ajj l9es "s #af run-on l9es & #g run-on c\plets appe>+74 ,! total effect is "o ( comb9$ fre$om & ma/]y1 ( flu5t conv]sational /yle yet )9 ! limits ( gu>d$ arti/ic =m4 ,mu* m regul>ly ?an ! ,fr5* & ,prov5als1 & yet )\t p$antic /iffness1 he made 8 v]se advance ) a sort ( iambic gait1 & he 0 !re=e able to give up & ex*ange = a fre] arrangem5t ! immovable cesura1 :i* ^! poets _h always made to co9cide ) a foot-end+4 7,t5 ,br9k1 9 ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,k5n$y trans41 vol4 ii4 p4 #dh47 ,on ,*auc]'s v]se1 see1 besides ! monograph ( t5 ,br9k already cit$1 ,l\nsbury's ,/udies 9 ,*auc]1 vol4 iii4 pp4 #big ff41 & ,s*ipp]1 vol4 i4 pp4 #ddb ff4 ,! common assumption is1 t ,*auc] borr[$ ! p5tamet] c\plet directly f ,fr5* poetry4 ,on ! hi/ory ( ?is 9 ,france1 see ,/5gel1 9 ,grb]'s ,grundriss d] ,romanis*5 ,philologie4#bj ,! decasyllabic v]se 0 fairly common 9 ,france 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury 7be+ call$ v]s commun accord+ to ,/5gel72 b 9 ! =m ( ! c\plet x 0 n4 ,pr(essor ,skeat says3 ,to say t x ,*auc]'s c\plet 0 d]iv$ f ! ,fr5* t5-syllable v]se is n a complete solution ( ! my/]y2 = ne>ly all su* v]se is commonly ei!r 9 /anzas1 or else a great numb] ( successive l9es are rim$ toge!r2 & ^!1 ,i believe1 are r sc>ce4 ,aft] "s se>* ,i h1 h[ev]1 =tunately light$ ^u a v int]e/+ specim51 among ! poems ( ,guillaume de ,ma*ault1 a ,fr5* writ] :om ,*auc] is kn[n to h imitat$1 & :o di$ 9 #acgg4 ,9 ! edition ( ,ma*ault's poems edit$ by ,t>b1 ,reims & ,p>is1 #ahdi1 p4 #hi1 !re is a poem ( exactly ?is "*1 ( no great l5g?1 b =tunately dat$2 = its title is ',compla9te crite aprs la bataille de ,poiti]s et avant le sige de ,reims p> les ,anglais' 7#acef-aceh74 ,! fir/ f\r l9es run ?us3 ',a toy1 ,h5ry1 d\s amis1 me compla91 ,p\r ce que ne cueur ne mont ne ple92 ,c> a piet suy1 sans *eval et sans selle1 ,et si n'ay mais esm]aude1 ne belle4' 444 ,n[ z ,*auc] 0 tak5 prison] 9 ,france 9 #acei1 he _h an excell5t opportunity = mak+ himself acqua9t$ ) ?is poem1 & ) o!rs1 possibly1 9 a simil> metre1 :i* h n come d[n to u4 7,! ,prioress's ,tale1 ,introduction1 pp4 xix1 xx47 ,p>is has %[n t ! real date ( ! poem 9 "q 0 #acdj2 ! title quot$ by ,skeat is ,t>b's mod]n ,fr5* caption4 ,pr(essor ,kittr$ge has call$ my att5tion to ! fact t !re is ano!r poem ( ,ma*ault's 9 ! same metre 7,p4 ,p>is's edition ( ,voir-,dit1 p4 #ef71 & also a poem by ,froiss>t1 ! ,orloge ,am\reus4 ,t5 ,br9k calls att5tion to ! possibility ( ! influ5ce ^u ,*auc]'s c\plet ( ! ,italian h5decasyllabic v]se4 ,! ,compleynte to ,pitee1 x is true1 0 writt5 probably be=e ! ,italian j\rney ( #acgb-acgc2 b 9 ,italy ! full significance ( ! metre may h become cle> to ,*auc]4 ,aft] t j\rney ! h]oic v]se appe>s almo/ exclusively z 8 poetic in/rum5t4444 ,( /ill great] significance is ! fact t ,*auc]'s h]oic v]se diff]s f ! ,fr5* decasyllabic 9 all ! p>ticul>s 9 :i* ! ,italian h5decasyllabic dep>ts f ! common s\rce1 & approa*es ! v]se ( ,dante & ,boccaccio z closely z ! metre ( a ,g]manic language c approa* a ,romance metre4 ,x may be add$ also t ! h]oic v]se 9 ! ,compleynte to ,pitee /&s ne>] ! ,fr5* decasyllabic ?an t ( ! ,troilus or ! ,cant]bury ,tales4 ,dr4 ,lewis1 on ! o!r h&1 9 ,! ,=eign ,s\rces ( ,engli% ,v]sification1 w\ld m9imize ! =eign s\rces ( ,*auc]'s c\plet4 ,n only ! unacc5tual "* ( ! ,fr5* v]se is oppos$ to ! !ory ( ! ,fr5* s\rce1 b also1 he believes1 ! fix$ cesura4 ,9 ! ,engli% v]se !re is no su* ?+3 inde$ !re is no cesura at all1 9 ! ,fr5* s5se ( ! ^w4444 ,s*ipp] relegates to a foot-note ! sugge/ion t our h]oic v]se may h orig9at$ 9 a diff]5t way1 ei!r ?r\gh an abridgm5t ( ! alex&r9e or ?r\gh an ext5sion ( ! f\r-foot l9e4 ,?is is ( c\rse m ne>ly ! true view1 b x is entirely immat]ial :i* ( ! la/ two explanations we hit ^u4 ,acc5tual v]ses ( f\r1 six1 & sev5 feet 7 already famili> long be=e ,*auc]'s "t4 ,!y exhibit$ a m or less regul> alt]nation ( arsis & !sis4 ,to devise a v]se :i* %\ld be ess5tially ! same 9 pr9ciple1 b %\ld h five acc5ts in/ead ( f\r1 six1 or sev51 0 a task t ,*auc]'s g5ius might well a*ieve unaid$ 7pp4 #ih1 #ii74 ,x is q possible t a comb9ation ( all ^! views may be ne>e/ ! tru?4 ,! objection to ! ,fr5* influ5ce on ! gr\nd ( ! syllabic 7non-acc5tual7 quality ( ! ,fr5* v]se does n seem to be s]i\s1 s9ce any imitation ( ,fr5* v]se by an ,engli%man w\ld be likely to take on ! acc5tual =m2 &1 t once done1 ! ne$ = ! fix$ cesura w\ld vani%4 ,b x is wor? :ile to emphasize ! fact t ! g5ius ( ,engli% v]se 0 n s av]se to ! =mation ( a decasyllabic five-/ress l9e z to make x a s]i\s innovation4 ,?is view is fur!r emphasiz$ by ! next specim54 ,is n ?ilke ! m]y mone? ( ,may1 ,:5 love-lads mask5 9 fre% aray8 ,h[ falles x1 !n1 we no m]ri] b5e1 ,ylike z o!rs1 girt 9 gawdy gre5e8 ,our bloncket liv]yes b5e all to sadde ,= ?ilke same season1 :5 all is ycladd ,) pleasaunce3 ! gr[nd ) grasse1 ! ,woods ,) gre5e leaves1 ! bu%es ) bloosm+ buds4 444 ,?o to ! gre5e ,wood !y spe$5 hem all1 ,to fet*5 home ,may ) _! musicall3 ,& home !y br+5 9 a royall ?rone1 ,cr[n$ z k+3 & 8 ,que5e attone ,0 ,lady ,flora1 on :om did att5d ,a fayre flocke ( ,fa]ies1 & a fre% b5d ,( lovely ,nymphs4 7,o t ,i 7 !re1 ,to help5 ! ,ladyes _! ,maybu% be>e67 ,ah6 ,pi]s1 b5e n ?y tee? on edge1 to ?9ke 7,,sp5s]3 ,! ,%eph]d's ,cal5d>1 ,may4 #aegi47 ,?is specim5 is prop]ly n 9 five-/ress v]se1 b 9 irregul> f\r-/ress 7tumbl+ v]se72 comp>e ! specim5 on p4 #aeh1 above4 ,we h a close approa*1 h[ev]1 to ! regul> five-/ress v]se1 9 su* l9es z ! f\r?1 fif?1 elev5?1 ?irte5?1 & sev5te5?4 ,on ?is & simil> passages 9 ! ,%eph]d's ,cal5d>1 z illu/rat+ ! close relation betwe5 ! native measure & ! new] "o1 see an article by ,pr(essor ,gumm]e1 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,philology1 vol4 vii4 pp4 #ec;ff4 ,o!r v]ses cit$ by ,dr4 ,gumm]e are3 ,^: way is wild]nesse1 ^: ynne ,p5aunce4 ,& dirks ! beauty ( my blossomes r[nd4 ,t (t ! blood spr+e? f w\ndes wyde4 ,!re at ! dore he ca/ me d[ne hys pack4 ,x is po9t$ out t ! regul> five-/ress l9e1 :5 hav+--z v frequ5tly--only f\r full /resses 7two or ?ree light syllables com+ toge!r1 especially at ! pause71 c h>dly be di/+ui%$ f c]ta9 =ms ( ! native f\r-/ress v]se4 ,see also ! ,eclogues = ,febru>y & ,augu/1 9 ! ,%eph]d's ,cal5d>4 ,dr4 ,gumm]e's conclusion is1 t practically all ! elem5ts ( ,anglo-,saxon v]se are pres]v$ 9 our mod]n poetry1 ?\gh 9 diff]5t comb9ations1 ) *ang$ proportional importance4 ,b ! false ,fox mo/ k9dly play$ 8 "p2 ,= :atsoev] "m-wit or art ,c\ld "w1 he put 9 pro(3 no practice sly1 ,no c\nt]po9t ( cunn+ policy1 ,no rea*1 no brea*1 t might him pr(it br+1 ,b he ! same did to 8 purpose wr+4444 ,he f$ 8 cubs ) fat ( all ! soil1 ,& ) ! sweet ( o!rs' sweat+ toil2 ,he cramm$ !m ) crumbs ( b5efices1 ,& fill'd _! m\?s ) me$s ( malefices4 444 ,no /atute s e/abli%$ might be1 ,nor ord9ance s ne$ful1 b t he ,w\ld violate1 ?\gh n ) viol5ce1 ,yet "u color ( ! confid5ce ,! :i* ! ,ape repos'd 9 him alone1 ,& reckon'd him ! k+dom's corn]-/one4 7,,sp5s]3 ,"m ,hubb>d's ,tale1 ll4 #aacg-aaff4 #aeia47 ,sp5s]'s use ( ! h]oic c\plet = ! ,"m ,hubb>d's ,tale is ! e>lie/ in/ance ( its adoption 9 ,engli% = satirical v]se1--a purpose = :i* its lat] hi/ory %[$ x to be peculi>ly well fitt$4 ,^u h] head %e wore a myrtle wrea?1 ,f :5ce h] veil rea*'d to ! gr\nd b5ea?3 ,h] veil 0 artificial fl[]s & leaves1 ,^: workman%ip bo? man & bea/ deceives3 ,_m w\ld praise ! sweet smell z %e pa/1 ,:5 'twas ! odor :i* h] brea? =? ca/2 ,& !re = honey bees h s\ght 9 va91 ,&1 beat f !nce1 h light$ !re aga94 ,ab\t h] neck hung *a9s ( pebble-/one1 ,:i*1 light5'd by h] neck1 l diamonds %one4 7,,m>l[e3 ,h]o & ,le&]1 ll4 #ag-bf4 ab4 #aeij1 pub4 #aeih47 ,too popul> is tragic poesy1 ,/ra9+ 8 tip-toes = a f>?+ fee1 ,& do? beside on rimeless numb]s tread2 ,unbid iambics fl[ f c>eless head4 ,"s brav] bra9 9 high h]oic rhymes ,compile? worm-eat /ories ( old times3 ,& he1 l "s imp]i\s ,m>oni/1 ,conjures ! ,muses t !y him assi/4 ,!n /rives he to bomba/ 8 feeble l9es ,) f>-fet*'d phrase4-- 444 ,pa9t]s & poets1 hold y\r anci5t "r3 ,write :at y w1 & write n :at y might3 ,_! limits be _! li/1 _! reason w4 ,b if "s pa9t] 9 presum+ skill ,%\ld pa9t ! />s 9 c5tre ( ! e>?1 ,c\ld ye =be> "s smiles1 & taunt+ mir?8 7,,joseph ,,hall3 ,virgidemi>um ,libri ,,vi41 bk4 i4 satire #d4 #aeig47 ,joseph ,hall 0 ! mo/ vigor\s satiri/ ( ! gr\p ( ,elizabe?ans :o1 9 ! la/ decade ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 7 imitat+ ! satires ( ,horace1 ,juv5al1 & ,p]sius4 ,hall's satires h a curi\sly eighte5?-c5tury flavor1 & 8 c\plets are frequ5tly v simil> to ^? ( ! age ( ,pope4 ,?us ,?omas ,w>ton 79 8 ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,poetry7 obs]v$ ( ,hall t ! fabric ( ! c\plets approa*es to ! mod]n /&>d2 & ,&]son1 :o edit$ ! ,briti% ,poets 9 #agie1 said3 ,_m ( 8 l9es w\ld d honor to ! mo/ h>moni\s ( our mod]n poets4 ,! s5se has g5]ally su* a pause1 & w admit ( su* a punctuation at ! close ( ! second l9e1 z if x 7 calculat$ = a mod]n e>4 ,on ! v]se ( ^! ,elizabe?an satiri/s 9 g5]al1 see ,! ,rise ( ,=mal ,satire 9 ,engl&1 by ! pres5t editor 7,publications ( ! ,univ4 ( ,p5na474 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! v]se ( ! satires ( ,john ,donne1 f :i* ! foll[+ specim5 is tak51 is ! r\ghe/ & mo/ difficult ( all ! satires ( ! gr\p4 ,! reputation ( ,donne's satires = metrical rugg$ness has affect$ unju/ly t ( 8 o!r poetry & t ( ! ,elizabe?an satires 9 g5]al4 ,dryd5 said3 ,w\ld n ,donne's ,satires1 :i* ab\nd ) s mu* wit1 appe> m *>m+ if he _h tak5 c>e ( 8 words & ( 8 numb]s8 7,essay on ,satire47 ,& ,pope v]sifi$ two ( !m1 s z to br+ !m into a =m pleas+ to ! e> ( 8 age4 ,!re=e ,i suff]$ ?is3 t[>ds me did run ,a ?+ m /range ?an on ,nile's slime ! sun ,e'er br$1 or all :i* into ,noah's ark came3 ,a ?+ :i* w\ld h pos$ ,adam to "n2 ,/rang] ?an sev5 antiqu>ies' /udies1 ,?an ,afric's mon/]s1 ,guiana's r>ities2444 ,sleeveless 8 j]k9 01 & x _h be5 ,velvet1 b 'twas n[ 7s mu* gr\nd 0 se57 ,become tufftaffaty2 & our *ildr5 %all ,see x pla9 ra% a:ile1 !n n\ght at all4 ,?is ?+ ha? travell$1 & fai?1 speaks all tongues1 ,& only kn[e? :at to all /ates belongs4 7,,john ,,donne3 ,satire iv4 ll4 #ag ff4 ab4 #aeic47 ,?is fell[ pecks up wit1 z pigeons peas1 ,& utt]s x aga9 :5 ,god do? please4 ,he is wit's p$l>1 & retails 8 w>es ,at wakes1 & wassails1 meet+s1 m>kets1 fairs2 ,& we t sell by gross1 ! ,"l do? "k1 ,h n ! grace to grace x ) su* %[4 ,?is gallant p9s ! w5*es on 8 sleeve4 ,_h he be5 ,adam1 he _h tempt$ ,eve4 ,he c c>ve too1 & lisp3 :y1 ?is is he ,t kiss'd 8 h& away 9 c\rtesy2 ,?is is ! ape ( =m1 monsieur ! nice1 ,t1 :5 he plays at tables1 *ides ! dice ,9 honorable t]ms3 nay1 he c s+ ,a mean mo/ meanly1 &1 9 u%]+1 ,m5d him :o c3 ! ladies call him sweet2 ,! /airs1 z he treads on !m1 kiss 8 feet4 7,,%aksp]e3 ,love's ,labor's ,lo/1 ,v4 ii4 #cae-ccj4 ab4 #aeij47 ,! use ( rim$ c\plets 9 ,%aksp]e's dramas is especially *>act]i/ic ( 8 e>li] "w4 ,9 ?is play1 ,love's ,labor's ,lo/1 ,d[d5 says1 !re are ab\t two rhym$ l9es to e "o ( blank v]se 7,%aksp]e ,prim]1 p4 #dd74 ,9 ! late plays1 on ! o!r h&1 rime disappe>s almo/ altoge!r4 ,x w be obs]v$ t :ile ,%aksp]e's h]oic v]se is usually fairly regul>1 ) n v _m run-on l9es1 x yet diff]s 9 quality f t ( satires4 ,! dramatic use m\lds x into diff]5t cad5ces1 & ! s+le c\plet is1 p]haps1 less noticeably ! unit ( ! v]se4 ,%eph]d1 ,i pray !e /ay4 ,:]e ha/ ?\ be58 ,or :i!r goe/ ?\8 ,"h be woods z gre5 ,z any2 air likewise z fre% & sweet ,z :]e smoo? ,zephyrus plays on ! fleet ,face ( ! curl$ /reams2 ) fl[]s z _m ,z ! "y spr+ gives1 & z *oice z any2 ,"h be all new delights1 cool /reams & wells1 ,arbors o'ergr[n ) woodb9es1 caves1 & dells2 ,*oose :]e ?\ wilt1 :il/ ,i sit by & s+1 ,or ga!r ru%es1 to make _m a r+ ,= ?y long f+]s2 tell !e tales ( love1-- ,h[ ! pale ,phoebe1 hunt+ 9 a grove1 ,fir/ saw ! boy ,endymion1 f ^: eyes ,%e took et]nal fire t nev] dies2 ,h[ %e convey$ him s(tly 9 a sleep1 ,8 temples b\nd ) poppy1 to ! /eep ,head ( old ,latmus1 :]e %e /oops ea* night1 ,gild+ ! m\nta9 ) h] bro!r's light1 ,to kiss h] sweete/4 7,,flet*]3 ,! ,fai?ful ,%eph]dess1 ,i4 iii4 ab4 #afaj47 ,flet*] uses ! c\plet 9 ?is drama ) a fre$om h>dly f\nd else:]e until ! "t ( ,keats2 see ! rem>k ( ,symonds1 quot$ p4 #baj1 bel[4 ,if ,rome s great1 & 9 h] wise/ age1 ,fe>'d n to boa/ ! glories ( h] /age1 ,z skilful ,roscius1 & grave sop1 m51 ,yet cr[n'd ) honors1 z ) ri*es1 !n2 ,:o _h no less a trumpet ( _! "n ,?an ,cic]o1 ^: e brea? 0 fame3 ,h[ c s great example die 9 me1 ,t1 ,all51 ,i %\ld pause to publi% !e8 ,:o bo? _! graces 9 ?yself ha/ m ,out/ript1 ?an !y did all t w5t be=e3 ,& pres5t wor? 9 all do/ s contract1 ,z o!rs speak1 b only ?\ do/ act4 ,we> ?is r5[n4 ',tis j1 t :o did give ,s _m poets life1 by "o %\ld live4 7,,b5 ,,jonson3 ,epigram ,,lxxxix1 to ,edw>d ,all54 #afaf47 ,jonson is ?\ght by "s to h be5 ! f\nd] ( ! classical s*ool ( ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies1 :i* made ! h]oic c\plet peculi>ly its own4 ,see on ?is subject an article by ,pr(4 ,f4 ,e4 ,s*ell+1 ,b5 ,jonson & ! ,classical ,s*ool1 9 ! ,publications ( ! ,mod]n ,language ,association1 n4 s4 vol4 vi4 p4 #bba4 ,pr(essor ,s*ell+ f9ds 9 ,jonson's v]se all ! *>act]i/ics ( ! lat] c\plet ( ,wall] & ,dryd53 end-/opp$ l9es & c\plets1 a pref]5ce = m$ial cesura1 & an anti!tical /ructure ( ! v]se4 ,no bett] specim5 ( ,jonson's anti!tical mann] c\ld be f\nd1 he says fur!r1 ?an ! ,epigram "h quot$4 ,s f> z ?is anti!tical quality ( ,jonson's v]se is conc]n$1 ,pr(essor ,s*ell+'s view _c be que/ion$2 b t ,jonson %[s any s+ul> pref]5ce = end-/opp$ l9es & c\plets may be s]i\sly que/ion$4 ,^! mighty pe]s plac$ 9 ! gild$ b>ge1 ,pr\d ) ! burd5 ( s brave a *>ge1 ,) pa9t$ o>s ! y\?s beg9 to sweep ,neptune's smoo? face1 & cleave ! yield+ deep2 ,:i* soon becomes ! seat ( sudd5 w> ,betwe5 ! w9d & tide t fi]cely j>4 ,z :5 a sort ( lu/y %eph]ds try ,_! =ce at football1 c>e ( victory ,makes !m salute s rudely brea/ to brea/1 ,t _! enc\nt]s seem too r\gh = je/2 ,!y ply _! feet1 & /ill ! re/less ball1 ,toss$ to & fro1 is urg$ by !m all3 ,s f>es ! d\btful b>ge 'twixt tide & w9ds1 ,& l effect ( _! cont5tion f9ds4 7,,wall]3 ,( ! ,dang] 8 ,maje/y be+ ,pr9ce escap$ 9 ! ,road at ,/4 ,&rews4 #afbc87 ,su* is ! m\ld t ! ble/ t5ant fe$s ,on preci\s fruits1 & pays 8 r5t 9 we$s2 ,) c&i$ planta9s1 & ! juicy p9e1 ,on *oice/ melons & sweet grapes !y d9e1 ,& ) potatoes fat _! wanton sw9e2 ,nature ^! cates ) su* a lavi% h& ,p\rs out among !m1 t our co>s] l& ,ta/es ( t b\nty1 & does clo? return1 ,:i* n = w>m? b ornam5t is worn2 ,= ! k9d spr+1 :i* b salutes u "h1 ,inhabits !re & c\rts !m all ! ye>2 ,ripe fruits & blossoms on ! same trees live1 ,at once !y promise :at at once !y give2 ,s sweet ! air1 s mod]ate ! clime1 ,none sickly lives1 or dies be=e 8 "t4444 ,o h[ ,i long my c>eless limbs to lay ,"u ! planta9's %ade1 & all ! day ,) amor\s airs my fancy ent]ta91 ,invoke ! ,muses1 & improve my ve96 7,,wall]3 ,! ,battle ( ! ,summ] ,isl&s1 canto i4 #afch47 ,edmund ,wall] is ! *ief repres5tative ( ! e>ly classical poetry ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & ( ! poli%+ & regulat+ ( ! c\plet :i* prep>$ ! way = ! v]se ( ,dryd5 & ,pope4 ,! dom9ant *>act]i/ic ( ?is v]se is its avoidance ( enjambem5t1 or run-on l9es1 /ill m ( run-on c\plets4 ,! gr[+ precision ( ,fr5* v]se at ! same "t 0 p]haps influ5tial 9 ,engl&4 ,malh]be1 :o 0 at ! ,fr5* c\rt aft] #afje1 set rules = m regul> v]se1 & =bade1 among o!r ?+s1 ! use ( run-on l9es--a precept :i* held good 9 ,fr5* poetry until ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! influ5ce ( ,wall] 9 ,engl& 01 = a consid]able p]iod1 h>dly less ?an t ( ,malh]be 9 ,france4 ,dryd5 said t ! excell5ce & dignity ( rime 7 nev] kn[n till ,mr4 ,wall] taught x2 he fir/ made writ+ easily an art2 fir/ %[$ u to conclude ! s5se mo/ commonly 9 di/i*s1 :i*1 9 ! v]se ( ^? be=e him1 runs on = s _m l9es toge!r t ! read] is out ( brea? to ov]take x4 ,?is sweetness ( ,mr4 ,wall]'s lyric poesy 0 aft]w>d foll[$1 9 ! epic1 by ,sir ,john ,d5ham1 9 8 ,coop]'s ,hill4 7,epi/le ,d$icatory ( ,! ,rival ,ladies47 ,9 ano!r place ,dryd5 obs]v$ t only ,wall]1 9 ,engli%1 _h surpass$ ,sp5s] 9 ! h>mony ( 8 v]se4 ,dryd5's view 0 lat] e*o$ by ,pope1 :o exhort$ 8 read]s to praise ! easy vigor ( a l9e ,:]e ,d5ham's /r5g? & ,wall]'s sweetness jo94 7,essay on ,criticism1 l4 #cfj47 ,b ! mo/ rem>kable praise ( ,wall] is f\nd 9 ! ,preface to 8 po/hum\s poems1 #afij1 g5]ally attribut$ to ,bi%op ,att]bury4 ,he 0 inde$ ! p>5t ( ,engli% v]se1 & ! fir/ t %ew$ u our tongue _h beauty & numb]s 9 x4444 ,! tongue came into 8 h&s l a r\gh diamond2 he poli%$ x fir/1 & to t degree t all arti/s s9ce him h admir$ ! workman%ip1 )\t pret5d+ to m5d x4444 ,he und\bt$ly /&s fir/ 9 ! li/ ( ref9]s1 & = aught ,i "k1 la/1 too2 = ,i "q :e!r 9 ,*>les ! ,second's reign ,engli% did n come to its full p]fection2 & :e!r x has n _h its ,augu/an ,age1 z well z ! ,lat94444 ,we are no less behold+ to him = ! new turn ( v]se1 :i* he br\ght 91 & ! improvem5t he made 9 our numb]s4 ,be=e 8 "t m5 rhym$1 inde$1 & t 0 all3 z = ! h>mony ( measure1 & t dance ( words :i* good e>s are s mu* pleas$ )1 !y knew no?+ ( x4 ,_! poetry !n 0 made up almo/ entirely ( monosyllables1 :i*1 :5 !y come toge!r 9 any clu/]1 are c]ta9ly ! mo/ h>%1 untunable ?+s 9 ! _w4 ,if any man d\bts ( ?is1 let him read t5 l9es 9 ,donne1 & he'll quickly be conv9c$4 ,besides1 _! v]ses ran all into "o ano!r1 & hung toge!r1 ?r\gh\t a :ole copy1 l ! hook't atoms t compose a body 9 ,des ,c>tes4 ,!re 0 no di/9ction ( p>ts1 no regul> /ops1 no?+ = ! e> to re/ ^u4 ,b z soon z ! copy began1 d[n x w5t l a l>um1 incessantly2 & ! read] 0 sure to be out ( brea? be=e he got to ! end ( x4 ,s t really v]se 9 ^? days 0 b d[nright prose1 tagg$ ) rhymes4 ,mr4 ,wall] remov$ all ^! faults1 br\ght 9 m polysyllables & smoo!r measures1 b\nd up 8 ?\ghts bett] & 9 a cad5ce m agreeable to ! nature ( ! v]se he wrote 93 s t :]ev] ! natural /ops ( t 71 he contriv$ ! little break+s ( 8 s5se s z to fall 9 ) 'em4 ,& = t reason1 s9ce ! /ress ( our v]se lies commonly ^u ! la/ syllable1 y'll h>dly ev] f9d him us+ a ^w ( no =ce !re4#ba ,wall]'s editor ?us cle>ly disc]ns ! v *>act]i/ics ( 8 v]se :i* are avoid$ by ! ma/]-poets--! co9cid5ce ( phrase-pauses & v]se-pauses1 & regul>ity 9 ! plac+ ( /ress4 ,! mo/ important discussion ( ! influ5ce ( ,wall] on ,engli% poetry1 & on ! h]oic c\plet 9 p>ticul>1 is f\nd 9 ,mr4 ,gosse's book1 ,f ,%akespe>e to ,pope4 ,mr4 ,gosse reg>ds ,wall] z inv5t+ = himself ! c\plet ( ! classical s*ool2 ma/]1 9 #afbc1 ( su* v]se z 0 n imitat$ by a s+le poet = ne>ly tw5ty ye>s 7p4 #ej74 ,?is view is criticis$ 9 an int]e/+ article by ,dr4 ,h5ry ,wood1 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,philology1 vol4 xi4 p4 #ee4 ,:ile ,mr4 ,gosse places ,wall]'s e>lie/ c\plets 9 #afba & #afbc1 ,dr4 ,wood w\ld date !m z late z #afbf1 & %[s t ,wall] wrote no?+ else until #afce4 ,meantime _h appe>$ 7! fir/ volume at lea/ z e>ly z #afbc7 ! translation ( ,ovid's ,metamorphoses1 by ,george ,s&ys1 9 :i*1 says ,wood1 all ! *>act]i/ics ( ,wall]'s v]se appe>4 ,at all ev5ts1 is 8 conclusion1 x 0 ,s&ys1 & n ,wall]1 :o at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird decade ( ! c5tury1 fir/ ( all ,engli%m51 made a uni=m practice ( writ+ 9 h]oic c\plets1 :i* are1 on ! :ole1 9 accord ) ! ,fr5* rule1 & :i*1 = exactness ( con/ruction1 & = h>moni\s sification1 g f> t[>ds satisfy+ ! dem&s ( ! lat] 'classical' s*ool 9 ,engl&4 ,dr4 ,wood emphasizes ! probable influ5ce ( ! ,fr5* poets on ^! e>ly h]oic c\plets1 call+ att5tion to ! fact t ,s&ys 0 9 ,france 9 #afaj4 ,!re is no evid5ce1 h[ev]1 t he 0 !re = m ?an a few days1 en r\te to m ea/]n c\ntries4 ,wall] 0 n 9 ,france till #afdc4 ,! :ole "q ( ! influ5ce ( ,fr5* poetry 9 ,engl& be=e ! ,re/oration /ill rema9s to be c>efully inve/igat$4 ,meantime1 ! cauti\s /ud5t w hesitate to put too mu* /ress on any s+le po9t ( dep>ture = ! new /yle ( v]sification4 ,_m influ5ces mu/ h comb9$ to make x popul>4 ,we h se5 ,pr(essor ,s*ell+ emphasiz+ ! influ5ce ( ,jonson2 he also v ju/ly po9ts out t x is a mi/ake to consid] t ! ,elizabe?ans (t5 practis$ ! c\plet ) ! fre$om1 n to say lic5se1 t *>act]izes its n9ete5? c5tury use 9 ! h&s ( su* poets z ,keats4 ,comp>e ! c\plets ( ev5 s romantic a poet z ,m>l[e1 9 ! specim5 giv5 above f ,h]o & ,le&]4 ,& ev5 ,mr4 ,gosse1 9 p>tial div]g5ce f ! doctr9es ( ,f ,%akespe>e to ,pope1 says ( ! satiric v]se ( ! ,elizabe?an ,r[l&s3 ,!re are l9es 9 ?is passage :i* ,pope w\ld n h disda9$ to use4 ,x might1 inde$1 be employ$ z aga9/ t old h]esy1 n ev5 yet entirely disc>d$1 t smoo?ness ( h]oic v]se 0 ! inv5tion ( ,wall]4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ?is1 z well z all o!r bran*es ( ! univ]sal art ( poetry1 0 und]/ood by ! great ,elizabe?an ma/]s2 & if !y did n frequ5tly employ x1 x 0 because !y left to su* humbl] writ]s z ,r[l&s an in/rum5t incapable ( ^? noble & audaci\s h>monies on :i* !y *iefly prid$ !mselves4 7,introduction to ! ,works ( ,r[l&s1 ,hunt]ian ,club ed41 p4 #af47 ,a tribute to ! incom+ influ5ce ( ! c\plet is cit$ by ,dr4 ,wood f ! poems ( ,sir ,john ,beaumont 7#aehb-afbg74 ,9 8 v]ses ,to ,8 ,late ,maje/y1 conc]n+ ! ,true ,=me ( ,engli% ,poetry1 ,beaumont said3 ,9 e language n[ 9 ,europe spoke ,by nations :i* ! ,roman empire broke1 ,! relli% ( ! ,muse consi/s 9 rime1 ,"o v]se mu/ meete ano!r l a *ime4444 ,9 _m *anges ^! may be expre/1 ,b ^? t joyne mo/ simply run ! be/3 ,_! =me surpass+ f>re ! fett]'d /aves1 ,va9e c>e1 & ne$lesse repetition saves4 7,,*alm]',s ,engli% ,poets1 vol4 vi4 p4 #ca47bb ,r\gh ,boreas 9 olian prison laid1 ,& ^? dry bla/s :i* ga!r$ cl\ds invade1 ,outflies ! ,s\? ) dropp+ w+s2 :o %r\ds ,8 t]rible aspect 9 pit*y cl\ds4 ,8 :ite hair /reams1 8 swol'n be>d big ) %[]s2 ,mi/s b9d 8 br[s1 ra9 f 8 bosom p\rs4 ,z ) 8 h&s ! hang+ cl\ds he cru%$1 ,!y ro>$1 & d[n 9 %[]s toge!r ru%$4 ,all-color$ ,iris1 ,juno's mess5g]1 ,to weep+ cl\ds do? n\ri%m5t conf]4 ,! corn is lodg$1 ! husb&m5 despair1 ,_! long ye>'s labor lo/1 ) all _! c>e4 ,jove1 n cont5t ) 8 e!real rages1 ,8 bro!r's auxili>ic floods engages4 7,,george ,,s&ys3 ,ovid's ,metamorphoses1 bk4 i4 #afba47 ,on ! significance ( ,s&ys's v]se1 see prec$+ notes on ,wall]1 & ! note on its possible relation to ,pope1 p4 #bja bel[4 ,my eye1 desc5d+ f ! hill1 surveys ,:]e ,?ames among/ ! wanton valleys /rays2 ,?ames1 ! mo/ lov$ ( all ! ,ocean's sons ,by 8 old sire1 to 8 embraces runs1 ,ha/+ to pay 8 tribute to ! sea1 ,l mortal life to meet et]nity4444 ,no unexpect$ inundations spoil ,! m[]'s hopes1 nor mock ! pl\ghman's toil1 ,b godlike 8 unwe>i$ b\nty fl[s1 ,fir/ loves to d1 !n loves ! good he does2 ,nor are 8 bless+s to 8 banks conf9$1 ,b free & common z ! sea or w9d4444 ,o c\ld ,i fl[ l !e1 & make ?y /ream ,my great example1 z x is my !me6 ,?\gh deep1 yet cle>1 ?\gh g5tle1 yet n dull1 ,/rong )\t rage1 )\t o'erfl[+ full4 7,,sir ,,john ,,d5ham3 ,coop]'s ,hill4 #afdb47 ,d5ham1 says ,mr4 ,gosse1 0 ! fir/ writ] to adopt ! precise mann] ( v]sification introduc$ by ,wall]4 7,w>d's ,engli% ,poets1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bgi47 ,on 8 praise by ,dryd5 & ,pope1 see notes on p4 #ahh above4 ,! la/ f\r l9es ( ! specim5 "h giv5 h be5 univ]sally admir$4 ,b say1 :at is't t b9ds y\r h&s8 does fe> ,f su* a glori\s action y det]8 ,or is't religion8 ,b y sure disclaim ,t frivol\s pret5ce1 t empty "n2 ,m]e bugbe> ^w1 devis'd by u to sc>e ,! s5seless r\t to slavi%ness & fe>1 ,ne'er kn[n to awe ! brave1 & ^? t d>e4 ,su* weak & feeble ?+s may s]ve = *ecks ,to re9 & curb base-mettl$ h]etics1 444 ,su* :om fond 9-br$ hone/y befools1 ,or t old mu/y piece1 ! ,bible1 gulls4 7,,john ,,oldham3 ,satires ^u ! ,jesuits1 ,sat4 i4 #afgi47 ,oldham 0 ! fir/1 says ,mr4 ,gosse1 to lib]ate himself1 9 ! use ( ! di/i*1 f ?is "u-curr5t ( a /anza1 & to write h]oic v]se /raight on1 c\plet by c\plet1 asc5d+ by /eady /rides & n by irregul> leaps4 7,any "o :o w v5ture to read ,oldham's disagreeable ,satire ^u ! ,jesuits1 writt5 9 #afgi1 w see ! tru? ( ?is rem>k1 & note ! effect t its v]sification _h ^u t s]ies ( ,dryd5's satires :i* imm$iately foll[$ x47 ,9 ,pope's be/ satires we see ?is art c>ri$ to its f9al p]fection2 aft] 8 "t ! connect+ l9k betwe5 c\plet & c\plet became lo/1 & at la/ 9 ! decl9e poems became1 z "s "o has said1 m]e cases ( lancets ly+ side by side4 ,b 9 ,dryd5's day ! connection 0 /ill only too obvi\s1 & x /rikes me t x may h be5 f a consci\sness ( ?is defect1 t ,dryd5 adopt$ t triplet1 ) a f9al alex&r9e1 :i* he is s fond ( introduc+4 7,f ,%akespe>e to ,pope1 p4 #bja47 ,( ^! ! false ,a*itophel 0 fir/1 ,a "n to all succe$+ ages cur/3 ,= close designs & crook$ c\nsels fit1 ,sagaci\s1 bold1 & turbul5t ( wit1 ,re/less1 unfix$ 9 pr9ciples & place1 ,9 p[] unpleas$1 impati5t ( disgrace2 ,a fi]y s\l1 :i*1 work+ out its way1 ,frett$ ! pigmy body to decay1 ,& o'er-in=m$ ! t5em5t ( clay4 ,a d>+ pilot 9 extremity1 ,pleas$ ) ! dang]1 :5 ! waves w5t high1 ,he s\ght ! /orms2 b1 = a calm unfit1 ,w\ld /e] too nigh ! s&s1 to boa/ 8 wit4 ,great wits are sure to madness ne> alli$1 ,& ?9 p>titions d _! b\nds divide2 ,else1 :y %\ld he1 ) weal? & honor ble/1 ,refuse 8 age ! ne$ful h\rs ( re/8 ,puni% a body :i* he c\ld n please1 ,bankrupt ( life1 yet prodigal ( ease8444 ,9 fri5d%ip false1 implacable 9 hate1 ,resolv$ to ru9 or to rule ! /ate2 ,to compass ?is ! triple bond he broke1 ,! pill>s ( ! public safety %ook1 ,& fitt$ ,israel = a =eign yoke2 ,!n1 seiz$ ) fe>1 yet /ill affect+ fame1 ,usurp$ a patriot's all-aton+ "n4 7,,dryd53 ,absalom & ,a*itophel1 "p ,i4 ll4 #aej-agi4 #afha47 ,dryd5 0 ! fir/ great ,engli% poet aft] ,*auc] to make ! h]oic c\plet 8 *ief vehicle ( expression1 & he put f> m v>iety & vigor into x ?an _h be5 a*iev$ by 8 ne>] pr$ecessors4 ,z ,pope said3 ,wall] 0 smoo?1 b ,dryd5 taught to jo9 ,! v>y+ v]se1 ! full res\nd+ l9e1 ,! long maje/ic m>*1 ! en]gy div9e4 7,epi/le ii41 #bfg47 ,& ,gray1 "s ye>s lat]1 symboliz$ ,dryd5's c\plet 9 ^! f9e l9es ( ! ,progress ( ,poesy3 ,behold1 :]e ,dryd5's less presumptu\s c>1 ,wide o'er ! fields ( glory be> ,two c\rs]s ( e!real race1 ,) necks 9 ?und] clo!d1 & long-res\nd+ pace4 ,on ,dryd5's developm5t ( ! c\plet1 see especially ,sa9tsbury's ,life ( ,dryd5 7,engli% ,m5 ( ,lett]s ,s]ies71 pp4 #ag1 #aga4 ,! :ole /ructure ( ! decasyllabic l9e be=e ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury 0 ill calculat$ = ! p]fect+ ( ! c\plet4 ,accu/om$ ei!r to ! /ately pla9ness ( blank v]se1 or to ! elaborate intricacies ( ! /anza1 writ]s _h got into ! habit ( communicat+ to _! v]se a sl[ & some:at languid movem5t4 7p4 #ag47 ,9 v]sification ! great a*ievem5t ( ,dryd5 0 ! alt]ation ( :at may be call$ ! balance ( ! l9e1 caus+ x to run m quickly1 & to /rike its rhymes ) a %>p] & less prolong$ s\nd4 ,"o obvi\s means ( obta9+ ?is 01 z a matt] ( c\rse1 ! isolation ( ! c\plet1 & ! avoidance ( ov]lapp+ ! diff]5t l9es "o ^u ! o!r4 ,! effect ( ?is ov]lapp+1 by depriv+ ! eye & voice ( ! expectation ( re/ at ! end ( ea* c\plet1 is always "o ( two ?+s4 ,ei!r ! l9es are conv]t$ into a sort ( rhy?mic prose1 made musical by ! rhymes r ?an divid$ by !m1 or else a consid]able pause is invit$ at ! end ( ea*1 or ( mo/ l9es1 & ! cad5ce ( ! :ole becomes comp>atively sl[ & languid4 ,bo? ^! =ms1 z may be se5 9 ! works ( ,mr4 ,morris1 z well z 9 ! old] writ]s1 are excell5tly suit$ = n>ration ( "s consid]able l5g?4 ,!y are less well suit$ = satire1 = argum5t1 & = ! moral reflections :i* ! age ( ,dryd5 lov$4 ,he !re=e set himself to elaborate ! c\plet ) its %>p po9t1 its quick deliv]y1 & ! pi/ol-l detonation ( its rhyme4 ,b !re is an obvi\s objection1 or r !re are sev]al obvi\s objections :i* pres5t !mselves to ! c\plet4 ,x 0 natural t to "o accu/om$ to ! m v>i$ range ( ! old] rhy?m & metre1 !re might seem to be a dang] ( ! snip-snap monotony into :i*1 z we "k1 x did actually fall :5 x pass$ out ( ! h&s ( its fir/ great practition]s4 ,!re might also be a fe> t x w\ld n always be possible to compress ! s5se ( a complete clause )9 ! n>r[ limits ( tw5ty syllables4 ,to meet ^! difficulties ,dryd5 resort$ to ?ree me*anical devices--! hemi/i*1 ! alex&r9e1 & ! triplet1 all ?ree ( :i* c\ld be us$ indiff]5tly to eke out ! space or to give v>iety ( s\nd4444 ,9 poetry prop] ! hemi/i* is any?+ b pleas+1 & ,dryd51 becom+ conv9c$ ( ! fact1 almo/ disc>d$ x4 ,! alex&r9e & ! triplet he always cont9u$ to use4 7pp4 #aga1 #agb47 ,d y rememb]1 :5 _! tasks 7 done1 ,h[ all ! y\? did to our cottage run8 ,:ile w9t] w9ds 7 :i/l+ l\d )\t1 ,our *e]ful he>? 0 circl$ r\nd ab\t3 ,) /rokes 9 a%es1 maids _! lov]s drew2 ,& /ill y fell to me1 & ,i to y4444 ,i "k too well :5 fir/ my love began1 ,:5 at our wake y = ! *aplet ran3 ,!n ,i 0 made ! lady ( ! ,may1 ,&1 ) ! g>l&1 at ! goal did /ay3 ,/ill1 z y ran1 ,i kept y full 9 view2 ,i hop$1 & wi%$1 & ran1 me?\ght1 = y4 ,z y came ne>1 ,i ha/ily did rise1 ,& /ret*$ my arm outright1 t held ! prize4 ,! cu/om 0 to kiss :om ,i %\ld cr[n2 ,y kneel$1 & 9 my lap y\r head laid d[n3 ,i blu%$1 & blu%$1 & did ! kiss delay2 ,at la/ my subjects =c$ me to obey3 ,b1 :5 ,i gave ! cr[n1 & !n ! kiss1 ,i sc>ce _h brea? to say1 ,take t1--& ?is4 7,,dryd53 ,m>riage la ,mode1 ,,ii1 i4 #afgb47 ,! use ( ! h]oic c\plet 9 ! drama m>ks its ef=t to conqu] ! la/ citadel ( ,engli% poetry2 an attempt :i*1 "u ! lead]%ip ( ,dryd51 seem$ to succe$1 b soon gave way to bett] judgm5t4 ,dryd5 favor$ ! exp]im5t 9 ! ,preface to ,! ,rival ,ladies 7#affc71 & ins]t$ a few c\plets 9 t play4 ,e!r$ge accept$ ! sugge/ion1 & put ! s]i\s p>ts ( ,! ,comical ,rev5ge 7l>gely prose7 into c\plets1 9 #affd4 ,9 ! same ye> ,! ,indian ,que5 7by ,dryd5 & ,sir ,rob]t ,h[>d7 appe>$ 9 h]oic v]se1 & ! fa%ion soon became s g5]al t 9 ! ,essay on ,h]oic ,plays1 prefix$ to ,! ,conque/ ( ,granada 7#afgb71 ,dryd5 c\ld say3 ,:e!r ,h]oic ,v]se ought to be admitt$ into s]i\s plays1 is n n[ to be disput$3 'tis already 9 possession ( ! /age2 & ,i d>e confid5tly affirm1 t v few trag$ies1 9 ?is age1 %all be receiv$ )\t x4 ,only six ye>s lat]1 h[ev]1 9 #afgh1 he return$ to blank v]se 9 ,all = ,love1 say+3 ,i h dis5cumb]$ myself f rhyme4 ,n t ,i condemn my =m] way1 b t ?is is m prop] to my pres5t purpose4 ,9 all ab\t five plays ( ,dryd5's are 9 c\plets2 aft] #afgh he r>ely return$ to rime = ! drama4 ,z ,att]bury said 9 8 ,preface to ,wall]'s poems3 ',twas ! /r5g? ( 8 g5ius t fir/ br\ght x into cr$it 9 plays2 & 'tis ! =ce ( 8 example t has ?r[n x out aga94 ,! fa%ion ( rhyme 9 ! drama1 !n1 to be exact1 says ,mr4 ,gosse1 fl\ri%$ f #affd until 444 #afgh4 ,"s ju/ification = its use is to be f\nd 9 ! wret*$ condition into :i* blank v]se _h fall54 ,! blank iambics ( ! romantic dramati/s _h become s execrably weak & di/5d$1 ! :ole movem5t ( dramatic v]se _h gr[n s flaccid1 t a little re/ra9t 9 ! sev]e limits ( rhyme 0 absolutely necess>y4 7,gosse1 9 ,sev5te5? ,c5tury ,/udies1 p4 #bfd47 ,! pres5t specim5 is f a play 9 :i* ! c\plet 0 us$ b slightly2 b x %[s ,dryd5's use ( x at its be/4 ,9 ! drama1 z already rem>k$1 ! c\plet is naturally less epigrammatic & po9t$ ?an 9 didactic & satiric v]se4 ,= ! argum5ts ) :i* ,dryd5 def5d$ ! use ( rime 9 ! drama1 see ! ,preface to ,! ,rival ,ladies1 ! ,essay ( ,h]oic ,plays1 ! ,essay ( ,dramatic ,poesy1 & ! ,def5ce ( an ,essay ( ,dramatic ,poesy4 ,9 ! quickness ( rep>ties 7:i* 9 disc\rsive sc5es fall v (t571 x has s p>ticul> a grace1 & is s aptly suit$ to !m1 t ! sudd5 sm>tness ( ! answ]1 & ! sweetness ( ! rhyme1 set (f ! beauty ( ea* o!r4 ,b t b5efit :i* ,i consid] mo/ 9 x1 because ,i h n seldom f\nd x1 is1 t x b\nds & circumscribes ! fancy4 7,essays ( ,dryd51 ed4 ,w4 ,p4 ,k]1 vol4 i4 p4 #h47 ,9 ! ,essay ( ,dramatic ,poesy1 ,crites1 repres5t+ ,sir ,rob]t ,h[>d1 opposes ! use ( rime on ! gr\nd ( ,ari/otle's dictum t trag$y is be/ writt5 9 ! k9d ( v]se :i* is ne>e/ prose4 ,a play be+ an imitation ( ,nature1 ! ne>] any?+ comes to ! imitation ( x1 ! m x pleases4 ,ne&]1 repres5t+ ,dryd51 answ]s t ?is l9e ( argum5t w equally =bid blank v]se4 ,blank v]se is prop]ly b measur$ prose2 & rime may be made z natural z blank v]se1 by ! well plac+ ( ! words1 etc4 ,b ,i ne$ n g s f> to prove t rhyme1 z x succe$s to all o!r (fices ( ,greek & ,lat9 v]se1 s especially to ?is ( plays1 s9ce ! cu/om ( all nations at ?is day confirms x1 all ! ,fr5*1 ,italian1 & ,spani% trag$ies are g5]ally writ 9 x2 & sure ! univ]sal cons5t ( ! mo/ civiliz$ p>ts ( ! _w ought 9 ?is1 z x do? 9 o!r cu/oms1 to include ! re/4 7,ibid4 p4 #ih47 ,aga91 :ile a play is a repres5tation ( ,nature1 x is ,nature wr\ght up to an high] pit*2 & = ?is purpose h]oic rhyme is ne>e/ ,nature1 z be+ ! noble/ k9d ( mod]n v]se4 7pp4 #ajj1 #aja47 ,9 ! ,essay ( ,h]oic ,plays ,dryd5 aga9 summ>izes ! case = ! o!r side by say+ t all ! argum5ts :i* are =m$ aga9/ x c am\nt to no m ?an ?is1 t x is n s ne> conv]sation z prose1 & !re=e n s natural4 ,b x is v cle> to all :o und]/& ,poetry1 t s]i\s plays ought n to imitate conv]sation too ne>ly4 ,if1 !re=e1 we beg9 to leave ! m]e imitation ( ord9>y conv]se1 we %\ld g on consi/5tly to ! la/ p]fection ( ,art4 ,x 0 only cu/om :i* coz5$ u s long2 we ?\ght1 because ,%akespe>e & ,flet*] w5t no f>!r1 t !re ! pill>s ( poetry 7 to be erect$2 t1 because !y excell5tly describ$ passion )\t rhyme1 !re=e rhyme 0 n capable ( describ+ x4 ,b "t has n[ conv9c$ mo/ m5 ( t error4 7,ibid4 pp4 #adh1 #adi47 ,dryd5 0 ( c\rse q "r 9 object+ to ! claim t imag9ative poetry ought to seek ! =m close/ to ! language ( real life4 ,! real "q is :e!r rim$ v]se is a m imag9ative & highly poetic =m ?an blank v]se2 mod]n op9ion w\ld unanim\sly answ] 9 ! negative4 ,x /rikes a mod]n read] z curi\s t ,dryd5 & 8 contempor>ies %\ld h advocat$ ! use ( rime 9 trag$y r ?an 9 com$y2 b we h ! clew to _! feel+ 9 ! say+ t s]i\s plays ought n to imitate conv]sation too ne>ly4 ,9 ! ,re/oration p]iod ! com$y 0 ?\ght ( z a reali/ic repres5tation ( life2 h5ce its *>act]s %\ld speak 9 natural prose1 z !y h cont9u$ to d1 = ! mo/ "p1 ev] s9ce4 ,! trag$y or h]oic play1 on ! o!r h&1 0 9 ! region ( arti/ic conv5tion1 mu* f>!r remov$ f reality2 h5ce its language 0 to be rais$ above ! life4 ,?is di/9ction betwe5 ! range ( com$y & t ( trag$y1 :i* w\ld h seem$ /range to ! ,elizabe?ans1 expla9s ! widely div]g+ l9es :i* we f9d ! two =ms ( ! drama foll[+ f ! "t ( ! ,re/oration4 ,on ! v]se ( ,dryd5's rim$ plays1 see ,s*ipp]1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bad1 & ,o4 ,spe]s*neid]'s ,metris*e ,unt]su*ung5 b] d5 h]ois*5 ,v]s 9 ,john ,dryd5s ,dram5 7,halle1 #ahig74 ,b ,o1 my muse1 :at numb]s wilt ?\ f9d ,to s+ ! furi\s troops 9 battle jo9'd6 ,me?9ks ,i he> ! drum's tumultu\s s\nd1 ,! victor's %\ts & dy+ groans conf\nd1 ,! dreadful bur/ ( cannon r5d ! skies1 ,& all ! ?und] ( ! battle rise4 ',twas !n great ,m>lbro's mighty s\l 0 prov'd1 ,t1 9 ! %ock ( *>g+ ho/s unmov'd1 ,amid/ confusion1 horror1 & despair1 ,exam9'd all ! dreadful sc5es ( w>4444 ,s1 :5 an angel by div9e comm& ,) ris+ tempe/s %akes a guilty l&1 ,su* z ( late o'er pale ,britannia pa/1 ,calm & s]5e he drives ! furi\s bla/2 ,& pleas'd ?' ,almighty's ord]s to p]=m1 ,rides 9 ! :irlw9d1 & directs ! /orm4 7,,addison3 ,! ,campaign4 #agjd47 ,b mo/ by numb]s judge a poet's song1 ,& smoo? or r\gh1 ) !m1 is "r or wrong3 ,9 ! bright ,muse1 ?o' ?\s& *>ms conspire1 ,h] voice is all ^! tuneful fools admire2 ,:o haunt ,p>nassus b to please _! e>1 ,n m5d _! m9ds2 z "s to *ur* repair1 ,n = ! doctr9e1 b ! music !re4 ,^! equal syllables alone require1 ,?o' (t ! e> ! op5 v[els tire2 ,:ile expletives _! feeble aid d jo92 ,& t5 l[ words (t creep 9 "o dull l9e2 ,:ile !y r+ r\nd ! same unv>i$ *imes1 ,) sure return ( /ill expect$ rhymes2 ,:]e'er y f9d '! cool+ we/]n breeze1' ,9 ! next l9e1 x ':isp]s ?r\gh ! trees'2 ,if cry/al /reams ') pleas+ murmurs creep1' ,! read]'s ?reat5'd 7n 9 va97 ) 'sleep'3 ,!n1 at ! la/ & only c\plet fraught ,) "s unmean+ ?+ !y call a ?\ght1 ,a ne$less alex&r9e ends ! song1 ,t1 l a w\nd$ snake1 drags its sl[ l5g? along4 ,leave su* to tune _! own dull rhymes1 & "k ,:at's r\ndly smoo?1 or langui%+ly sl[2 ,& praise ! easy vigor ( a l9e ,:]e ,d5ham's /r5g? & ,wall]'s sweetness jo94 7,,pope3 ,essay on ,criticism1 ll4 #ccg-cfa4 #agaa47 ,:y boa/ we1 ,glaucus1 our ext5d$ reign ,:]e ,xan?us' /reams enri* ! ,lycian pla91 ,our num]\s h]ds t range ! fruitful field1 ,& hills :]e v9es _! purple h>ve/ yield1 ,our foam+ b[ls ) pur] nect> cr[n$1 ,our fea/s enhanc$ ) music's sprightly s\nd8 ,:y on ^? %ores are we ) joy survey$1 ,admir$ z h]oes1 & z gods obey$2 ,unless great acts sup]ior m]it prove1 ,& v9dicate ! b\nte\s p[]s above8 ',tis ours1 ! dignity !y give to grace2 ,! fir/ 9 valor1 z ! fir/ 9 place3 ,t :5 ) wond]+ eyes our m>tial b&s ,behold our de$s transc5d+ our comm&s1 ,su*1 !y may cry1 des]ve ! sov]eign /ate1 ,:om ^? t envy d>e n imitate6 ,c\ld all our c>e elude ! gloomy grave1 ,:i* claims no less ! fe>ful ?an ! brave1 ,= lu/ ( fame ,i %\ld n va9ly d>e ,9 fight+ fields1 nor urge ! s\l to w>4 ,b s9ce1 alas6 ignoble age mu/ come1 ,disease1 & dea?'s inexorable doom2 ,! life :i* o!rs pay let u be/[1 ,& give to fame :at we to nature owe2 ,brave ?\gh we fall1 & honor$ if we live1 ,or let u glory ga91 or glory give6 7,,pope3 ,iliad1 bk4 xii47 ,pope's c\plet1 :ile less vigor\s & v>i$ ?an ,dryd5's1 has be5 g5]ally consid]$ ! mo/ p]fect developm5t ( ! typical measure ( ! classical s*ool4 ,mr4 ,c\r?ope ?9ks t 9 ?is spee* f ! ,iliad1 ,pope p]haps atta9s ! highe/ level ( :i* ! h]oic c\plet is capable4 7,works ( ,pope1 vol4 v4 p4 #afg47 ,:at he le>n$ f ,dryd51 ,mr4 ,c\r?ope says 9 ano!r place1 0 ! art ( express+ ! social & conv]sational idiom ( ! language 9 a metrical =m4 ,8 conception ( metrical h>mony 01 h[ev]1 altoge!r diff]5t f 8 pr(ess$ ma/]'s1 & r resembl$ t ( ,s&ys1 ^: translation ( ,ovid's ,metamorphoses he told ,sp5ce he _h read :5 v "y1 & ) ! greate/ delight4 ,he expla9s ! sy/em 9 a lett] to ,cromwell1 dat$ ,novemb] #be1 #agaj4 '7#a7 ,z to ! hiatus1 x is c]ta9ly to be avoid$ z (t5 z possible2 b on ! o!r h&1 s9ce ! reason ( x is only = ! sake ( ! numb]s1 s if1 to avoid x1 we incur ano!r fault aga9/ _! smoo?ness1 me?9ks ! v end ( t nicety is de/roy$4444 '7#b7 ,i w\ld except aga9/ ! use ( all expletives 9 v]se1 z d be=e v]bs plural1 or ev5 ! frequ5t use ( did or does to *ange ! t]m9ation ( ! rhyme4444 '7#c7 ,monosyllable l9es1 unless v artfully manag$1 are /iff1 langui%+1 & h>d4 '7#d7 ,! repeat+ ! same rhymes )9 f\r or six l9es ( ea* o!r1 :i* tire ! e> ) too mu* ( ! l s\nd4 '7#e7 ,! too frequ5t use ( alex&r9es1 :i* are nev] graceful1 b :]e !re is "s maje/y add$ to ! v]se by !m1 or :5 !re _c be f\nd a ^w 9 !m b :at is absolutely ne$ful4 '7#f7 ,e nice e> mu/1 ,i believe1 h obs]v$ t 9 any smoo? ,engli% v]se ( t5 syllables1 !re is naturally a pause ei!r at ! f\r?1 fif?1 or six? syllables4444 ,n[ ,i fancy t1 to pres]ve an exact h>mony & v>iety1 none ( ^! pauses %\ld be cont9u$ above ?ree l9es toge!r1 )\t ! int]position ( ano!r2 else x w be apt to we>y ! e> ) "o cont9u$ tone4' 7,ibid4 pp4 #bj1 #ba47 ,"h are impli$ all ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,popean c\plet4 ,! cesura is to v>y1 b n f a fundam5tally m$ial position4 ,! avoidance ( enjambem5t is n m5tion$1 d\btless because x is assum$ z an ess5tial ( c\plets pr(ess+ any degree ( correctness4 ,mr4 ,&rew ,lang prote/s aga9/ ! monotony ( ! v]se ( ,pope's ,iliad 9 "s l9es :i* clev]ly adopt ! same sort ( measure3 ,my *ildhood fl$ y\r c\plet's cl>ion tone1 ,& s\ght = ,hom] 9 ! prose ( ,bohn4 ,/ill ?r\gh ! du/ ( t dim prose appe>s ,! flight ( arr[s & ! %e5 ( spe>s2 ,/ill we may trace :at he>ts h]oic feel1 ,& he> ! bronze t hurtles on ! /eel6 ,b ah1 y\r ,iliad seems a half-pret5ce1 ,:]e wits1 n h]oes1 prove _! skill 9 f5ce1 ,& great ,a*illes' eloqu5ce do? %[ ,z if no c5taur tra9$ him1 b ,boileau6 ,aga91 y\r v]se is ord]ly1--& m1-- ,! waves beh9d impel ! waves be=e2 ,monoton\sly musical !y glide1 ,till c\plet unto c\plet ha? repli$4 ,b turn to ,hom]6 ,h[ 8 v]ses sweep6 ,surge answ]s surge & deep do? call on deep2 ,?is l9e 9 foam & ?und] issues =?1 ,spurr$ by ! ,we/ or smitt5 by ! ,nor?1 ,sombre 9 all its sull5 deeps1 & all ,cle> at ! cre/1 & foam+ to ! fall2 ,! next ) silv] murmur dies away1 ,l tides t falt] to ,calypso's ,bay6 7,,&rew ,,lang3 ,lett]s to ,dead ,au?ors2 ,pope47 ,comp>e ) ?is ! equally clev] def5ce ( ,pope's v]se by ,mr4 ,dobson3 ,suppose y say y\r ,wor/ ( ,pope1 decl>e ,8 ,jewels ,pa/e1 8 ,nature a ,p>t]re1 ,8 ,art b ,artifice--,i ask once m ,:]e h y se5 su* ,artifice be=e8 ,:]e h y se5 a ,p>t]re bett] grac'd1 ,or gems t glitt] l 8 ,gems ( ,pa/e8 ,:]e c y %[1 among y\r ,names ( ,note1 ,s mu* to copy & s mu* to quote8 ,& :]e1 9 ,f9e1 9 all our ,engli% ,v]se1 ,a ,/yle m tr5*ant & a ,s5se m t]se8 ,s ,i1 t love ! old ,augu/an ,days ,( =mal ,c\rtesies & =mal ,phrase2 ,t l along ! f9i%'d l9e to feel ,! ,ruffle's ,flutt] & ! ,fla% ( ,/eel2 ,t l my ,c\plet z compact z cle>2 ,t l my ,satire sp>kl+ ?o' sev]e1 ,unmix'd ) ,ba?os & unm>r'd by ,trope1 ,i fl+ my ,cap = ,poli%--& = ,,pope6#bc 7,,au/9 ,,dobson3 ,dialogue to ! ,memory ( ,mr4 ,alex&] ,pope47 ,sweet 0 ! s\nd1 :5 (t at ev5+'s close ,up yond] hill ! village murmur rose2 ,!re1 z ,i pass$ ) c>eless /eps & sl[1 ,! m+l+ notes came s(t5$ f bel[2 ,! swa9 responsive z ! milkmaid sung1 ,! sob] h]d t l[$ to meet _! "y2 ,! noisy geese t gabbl$ o'er ! pool1 ,! playful *ildr5 j let loose f s*ool2 ,! wat*dog's voice t bay$ ! :isp]+ w9d1 ,& ! l\d laugh t spoke ! vacant m9d2 ,^! all 9 sweet confusion s\ght ! %ade1 ,& fill$ ea* pause ! night+ale _h made4 ,b n[ ! s\nds ( population fail1 ,no *e]ful murmurs fluctuate 9 ! gale1 ,no busy /eps ! grass-gr[n footway tread1 ,= all ! bloomy flu% ( life is fl$4 7,,goldsmi?3 ,! ,des]t$ ,village4 #aggj47 ,! h]oic c\plet1 says ,mr4 ,gosse1 0 nev] employ$1 ev5 by ,pope himself1 ) m melody ?an by ,goldsmi? 9 ?is poem4 7,eighte5? ,c5tury ,lit]ature1 p4 #cbj47 ,its use at ?is "t1 :5 ! revival ( blank v]se by ,?omson & o!rs _h s]i\sly affect$ ! pre/ige ( ! c\plet1 0 a sign ( ,goldsmi?'s reaction>y t5d5cy t[>d ! s*ool ( ,pope4 ,8 dislike ( blank v]se he express$ 9 8 e>ly "w on ! ,pres5t ,/ate ( ,polite ,le>n+1 say+ t x might be reckon$ among sev]al disagreeable in/ances ( p$antry lately proce$+ f a desire 9 ! critic ( graft+ ! _s ( anci5t languages ^u ! ,engli%4 7,works1 ,globe ed41 p4 #dci47 ,?is op9ion 0 ( c\rse %>$ by ,goldsmi?'s fri5d1 ,dr4 ,johnson1 ^: two important poems 7,london & ,! ,vanity ( ,human ,wi%es7 /& ) ! two ( ,goldsmi? z ! la/ notable pieces ( ,engli% poetry ( ! classical s*ool4 ,:ile ,johnson admitt$ t he c\ld n wi% t ,milton _h be5 a rhym]1 yet he nev] lo/ an opportunity to speak contemptu\sly ( blank v]se z a poetic =m1 & quot$ approv+ly ! say+ ( a critic t x seems to be v]se only to ! eye4 7,life ( ,milton47 ,9 front ( ^! came ,addison4 ,9 him ,humor1 9 holiday & sightly trim1 ,sublimity & ,attic ta/e comb9$ ,to poli%1 furni%1 & delight ! m9d4 ,!n ,pope1 z h>mony itself exact1 ,9 v]se well-discipl9$1 complete1 compact1 ,gave virtue & morality a grace ,t1 q eclips+ pleasure's pa9t$ face1 ,levi$ a tax ( wond] & applause1 ,ev5 on ! fools t trampl$ on _! laws4 ,b he 78 musical f9esse 0 su*1 ,s nice 8 e>1 s delicate 8 t\*7 ,made poetry a m]e me*anic art1 ,& e w>bl] has 8 tune by he>t4 ,nature imp>t+ h] satiric gift1 ,h] s]i\s mir?1 to ,arbu?not & ,swift1 ,) droll sobriety !y rais$ a smile ,at folly's co/1 !mselves unmov$ ! :ile4 ,t con/ellation set1 ! _w 9 va9 ,mu/ hope to look ^u _! l aga94 7,,c[p]3 ,table ,talk4 #aghb47 ,behold6 9 v>i\s ?rongs ! scribbl+ crew1 ,= notice eag]1 pass 9 long review3 ,ea* spurs 8 jad$ ,pegasus apace1 ,& rhyme & blank ma9ta9 an equal race2 ,sonnets on sonnets cr[d1 & ode on ode2 ,& tales ( t]ror jo/le on ! road2 ,immeasurable measures move along2 ,= simp]+ folly loves a v>i$ song1 ,to /range my/]i\s dulness /ill ! fri5d1 ,admires ! /ra9 %e _c compreh5d4 ,?us ,lays ( ,m9/rels--may !y be ! la/6-- ,on half-/rung h>ps :9e m\rnful to ! bla/2 ,:ile m\nta9 spirits prate to riv] sprites1 ,t dames may li/5 to ! s\nd at nights2 ,& gobl9 brats1 ( ,gilp9 ,horn]'s brood1 ,decoy "y bord]-nobles ?r\gh ! wood1 ,& skip at e /ep1 ,"l kn[s h[ high1 ,& fright5 fooli% babes1 ! ,"l kn[s :y4 7,,byron3 ,engli% ,b>ds & ,scot* ,review]s4 #ahji47 ,view n[ ! w9t] /orm6 above1 "o cl\d1 ,black & unbrok51 all ! skies o'er%r\d3 ,! unwieldy porpoise ?r\gh ! day be=e ,_h roll$ 9 view ( bod+ m5 on %ore2 ,& sometimes hid & sometimes %[$ 8 =m1 ,d>k z ! cl\d & furi\s z ! /orm4 ,all :]e ! eye delights yet dreads to roam1 ,! break+ bill[s ca/ ! fly+ foam ,^u ! bill[s ris+--all ! deep ,is re/less *ange2 ! waves s swell$ & /eep1 ,break+ & s9k+1 & ! sunk5 swells1 ,nor "o1 "o mom5t1 9 its /ation dwells4444 ,d>kness beg9s to reign2 ! l\d] w9d ,appals ! weak & awes ! firm] m9d2 ,b frights n him :om ev5+ & ! spray ,9 "p conceal--yon pr[l] on 8 way4 ,lo1 he has some?+ se52 he runs apace1 ,z if he fe>$ companion 9 ! *ase2 ,he sees 8 prize1 & n[ he turns aga91 ,sl[ly & sorr[+--,0 y\r se>* 9 va98 ,gruffly he answ]s1 ',tis a sorry sight6 ,a seaman's body3 !re'll be m to-night6 7,,crabbe3 ,! ,bor\gh1 lett] i4 #ahaj47 ,crabbe's poems are ! late/ to use ! /rict ,popean c\plet = n>rative & descriptive purposes1 & 8 c\plets h a c]ta9 *>act]i/ic retic5ce & vigor4 ,pr(essor ,woodb]ry praises !m 9 an int]e/+ passage on ! old h]oic rhym$ c\plet1 t simple/ =m ( ,engli% v]se music1 :i* c\ld rise1 nev]!less1 to ! almo/ lyric l(t9ess ( ! la/ l9es ( ! ,dunciad2 s supple & flexible2 made = easy simile & compact metaphor2 l5d+ itself s p]fectly to ! sudd5 fla% ( wit or turn ( humor2 ! natural %ell ( an epigram2 compell+ ! poet to practice all ! virtues ( brevity2 *eck+ ! w&]+ fancy1 & repress+ ! second>y ?\ght2 requir+ 9 a ma/]ly use ( x ! employm5t ( m m5tal p[]s ?an any o!r metrical =m2 despis$ & neglect$ n[ because ! lit]ature :i* is embodi$ 9 x is despis$ & neglect$1 yet ! be/ metrical =m :i* intellig5ce1 z di/9ct f poetical feel+1 c employ4 7,mak]s ( ,lit]ature1 p4 #ajd47 ,! fl[]-b$s all 7 lib]al ( delight3 ,roses 9 heaps 7 !re1 bo? r$ & :ite1 ,lilies angelical1 & gorge\s glooms ,( wall-fl[]s1 & blue hyac9?s1 & blooms ,hang+ ?ick clu/]s f light b\ghs2 9 %ort1 ,all ! sweet cups to :i* ! bees resort2 ,) plots ( grass1 & leafi] walks betwe5 ,( r$ g]aniums1 & ( jessam9e1 ,& orange1 ^: w>m leaves s f9ely suit1 ,& look z if !y %ade a gold5 fruit2 ,& mid/ ! fl[]s1 turf$ r\nd b5ea? a %ade ,( d>ksome p9es1 a babbl+ f\nta9 play$1 ,& 'twixt _! %afts y saw ! wat] bright1 ,:i* ?r\gh ! tops glimm]$ ) %[]+ light4 7,,leigh ,,hunt3 ,! ,/ory ( ,rim9i4 #ahaf47 ,( ?is poem ,mr4 ,c4 ,h4 ,h]=d says3 ,! ,/ory ( ,rim9i is ! />t+-po9t ( t free or ,*auc]ian treatm5t ( ! h]oic c\plet1 & ( ! colloquial /yle1 es*ew+ epigram & full ( famili> turns1 :i* ,%elley 9 ,julian & ,maddalo & ,keats 9 ,lamia made classical4 7,age ( ,wordswor?1 p4 #hc47 ,! treatm5t ( ! c\plet is /ill *>act]iz$ by b slight use ( run-on l9es1 & a pref]5ce = ! m$ial cesura2 b on ! o!r h& !re is a l>ge degree ( fre$om 9 ! inv]sion ( acc5ts & o!r alt]ations ( ! regul> /ress4 ,comp>e ! la/ l9e ( ! pres5t specim51 & su* o!r l9es z ,( crimson clo?s hang+ a h& ( sn[4 ,"s1 ) a drag1 dangl+ f ! cap's cre/4 ',:o's !re8' said t sweet voice1 k9dly & cle>4 ,! o!r ) ! te>s /ream+ d[n bo? 8 *eeks4 ,! la/ ( ^! l9es1 an alex&r9e1 is also *>act]i/ic4 ,hunt imitat$ ,dryd5 9 ! use ( bo? alex&r9e & triplet4 ,( ! latt] he said3 ,i confess ,i l ! v bracket t m>ks out ! triplet to ! read]'s eye1 & prep>es him = ! music ( x4 ,x has a look l ! bridge ( a lute4 7,preface to ,works1 #ahcb47 ,mr4 ,a4 ,j4 ,k5t1 9 an article 9 ! ,=tnightly ,review1 says ( ,leigh ,hunt t he became ! greate/ ma/] s9ce ! days ( ,dryd5 ( ! h]oic c\plet4 7#ahha1 p4 #bbd47 ,a ?+ ( beauty is a joy =ev]3 ,its lovel9ess increases2 x w nev] ,pass into no?+ness2 b /ill w keep ,a b[] quiet = u1 & a sleep ,full ( sweet dreams1 & heal?1 & quiet brea?+4 ,!re=e1 on e morr[ are we wrea?+ ,a fl[]y b& to b9d u to ! e>?1 ,spite ( despond5ce1 ( ! inhuman de>? ,( noble natures1 ( ! gloomy days1 ,( all ! unheal?y & o'er-d>k5$ ways ,made = our se>*+3 yes1 9 spite ( all1 ,"s %ape ( beauty moves away ! pall ,f our d>k spirits4 ,su* ! sun1 ! moon1 ,trees old & "y1 spr\t+ a %ady boon ,= simple %eep2 & su* are daffodils ,) ! gre5 _w !y live 92 & cle> rills ,t = !mselves a cool+ cov]t make ',ga9/ ! hot season2 ! mid-=e/ brake1 ,ri* ) a spr9kl+ ( fair musk-rose blooms3 ,& su* too is ! gr&eur ( ! dooms ,we h imag9$ = ! mighty dead2 ,all lovely tales t we h he>d or read3 ,an endless f\nta9 ( immortal dr9k1 ,p\r+ unto u f ! heav5's br9k4 7,,keats3 ,endymion1 ll4 #a-bd4 #ahah47 ,9 ! c\plet ( ,keats1 & ( a numb] ( 8 successors1 we h a really diff]5t measure f ! h]oic c\plet prop]4 ,! individual l9e & ! c\plet alike cease to be prom95t units ( ! v]se4 ,! effect is !re=e closely alli$ to t ( blank v]se2 ! rimes1 n be+ emphasiz$ by m>k$ pauses1 s]v+ r z means ( tone color ?an z organiz]s ( ! v]se4 ,see ,mr4 ,sa9tsbury's rem>ks 7quot$ 9 ! notes on ,dryd51 p4 #aie1 above71 on l9es made musical by ! rhymes r ?an divid$ by !m4 ,9 l mann] ,mr4 ,symonds says t ! c\plets ( ,m>l[e1 ,flet*]1 ,%elley1 & ,keats foll[ ! laws ( blank v]se1 & add rhyme--t is to say1 _! p]iods & pauses are entirely det]m9$ by ! s5se4 7,blank ,v]se1 p4 #ff47 ,?is is true ( ! c\plets ( ,%elley & ,keats1 & to a less degree ( ^? ( ,flet*]'s ,fai?ful ,%eph]dess1 b w h>dly apply to ,m>l[e1 nor1 z we h se51 to ! ,elizabe?ans 9 g5]al4#bd ,!re 0 a ,be+ :om my _s (t ,met on its vision$ w&]+s1 f> al(t1 ,9 ! cle> gold5 prime ( my y\?'s dawn4 ,^u ! fairy isles ( sunny lawn1 ,amid ! en*ant$ m\nta9s1 & ! caves ,( div9e sleep1 & on ! air-l waves ,( wond]-level dream1 ^: tremul\s floor ,pav$ h] light /eps2--on an imag9$ %ore1 ,"u ! gray beak ( "s promontory ,%e met me1 rob$ 9 su* exce$+ glory1 ,t ,i beheld h] n4 7,,%elley3 ,epipsy*idion1 ll4 #aij-bjj4 #ahba47 ,%elley c>ries ! free treatm5t ( ?is measure to ! utmo/ limit4 ,! c\plet is n felt to be ( significance1 & _m l9es are s irregul> 9 /ress z to make scansion difficult4 ,comp>e ?is passage3 ,! r+dove 9 ! emb[]+ ivy yet ,keeps up h] love-lam5t2 & ! owls flit ,r\nd ! ev5+ t[]2 & ! "y />s glance ,betwe5 ! quick bats 9 _! twilight dance4#be ,! woods 7 long au/]e ) sn[3 at la/ ,p9k leaflets budd$ on ! bee*1 & fa/ ,l>*es1 scatt]$ ?r\gh p9e-tree solitudes1 ,bright5$1 'z 9 ! slumbr\s he>t o' ! woods ,our buri$ ye>1 a wit*1 grew "y aga9 ,to placid incantations1 & t /a9 ,ab\t 7 f h] caldron1 gre5 smoke bl5t ,) ^? black p9es'--s ,eglamor gave v5t ,to a *ance fancy4 ,:5 a j rebuke ,f 8 companion2 bro!r ,naddo %ook ,! solemne/ ( br[s2 ',bew>e1' he said1 ',( sett+ up conceits 9 nature's /ead4' 7,,br[n+3 ,sordello1 ii4 #a-ab4 #ahdj47 ,above ! /em a gild$ swall[ %one1 ,wr\ght ) /raight w+s & eyes ( glitt]+ /one ,z fly+ sunw>d ov]sea1 to be> ,gre5 summ] ) x ?r\gh ! s++ air4 ,& on ! deck betwe5 ! r[]s at dawn1 ,z ! bright sail ) bright5+ w9d 0 drawn1 ,sat ) full face aga9/ ! /r5g!n+ light ,iseult1 m fair ?an foam or dawn 0 :ite4 ,h] gaze 0 glad pa/ love's own s++ (1 ,& h] face lovely pa/ desire ( love4 ,pa/ ?\ght & spee* h] maid5 motions 71 ,& a m gold5 sunrise 0 h] hair4 ,! v veil ( h] bright fle% 0 made ,z ( light wov5 & moonbeam-color$ %ade ,m f9e ?an moonbeams2 :ite h] eyelids %one ,z sn[ sun-/rick5 t endures ! sun1 ,& ?r\gh _! curl$ & color$ cl\ds ( deep ,lum9\s la%es1 ?ick z dreams 9 sleep1 ,%one z ! sea's dep? swall[+ up ! sky's ,! spr+s ( unimag9able eyes4 7,,sw9burne3 ,tri/ram ( ,lyonesse2 ! ,sail+ ( ! ,swall[47 ,! huge high pres5ce1 r$ z e>?'s fir/ race1 ,re>$ l a re$ ! might up ( 8 mace1 ,& smote3 b lightly ,tri/ram sw]v$1 & drove ,"r 9 on him1 ^: void /roke only clove ,air1 & fell wide1 ?und]+ a?w>t3 & he ,s5t =? a /ormi] cry ?an w9d or sea ,:5 midnight takes ! tempe/ = h] "l2 ,& all ! gl5's ?roat seem$ z hell's t ro>$2 ,b high l heav5's light ov] hell %one ,tri/ram's sword1 ,fall+1 & bright z /orm %[s ,god's b>e br& ,fla%$1 z x %ore %e] (f ! huge "r h& ,^: /r5g? 0 z ! %ad[ ( dea? on all t l&4 7,ibid43 ,! ,la/ ,pilgrimage47 ,x w be notic$ t 9 ,sw9burne's use ( ! c\plet ! s+le l9e is ev5 less ! unit ( measure ?an 9 ,keats & ,%elley2 ! p]iods correspond closely to ^? 9 ! blank v]se ( ,milton & ,t5nyson4 ,comp>e ! specim5s ( blank v]se on pp4 #bcj & #bde4 ,! second specim5 %[s ! occasional use ( ! triplet & alex&r9e4 ,s /ood %e murmur+1 till a rippl+ s\nd ,%e he>d1 t grew until %e turn$ h] r\nd ,& saw h] o!r si/]s ( ! deep ,h] song _h call$ :ile ,hylas yet did sleep1 ,come swimm+ 9 a long l9e up ! /ream1 ,& _! :ite dripp+ arms & %\ld]s gleam ,above ! d>k grey wat] z !y w5t1 ,& /ill be=e !m a great ripple s5t4 ,b :5 !y saw h]1 t[>d ! bank !y drew1 ,& l&+1 felt ! grass & fl[]s blue ,aga9/ _! unus$ feet2 !n 9 a r+ ,/ood gaz+ ) wide eyes1 & wond]+ ,at all 8 beauty !y desir$ s mu*4 ,& !n ) g5tle h&s began to t\* ,8 hair1 8 h&s1 8 clos$ eyes2 & at la/ ,_! eag] nak$ arms ab\t him ca/1 ,& bore him1 sleep+ /ill1 z by "s spell1 ,unto ! dep?s :]e !y 7 wont to dwell2 ,!n s(tly d[n ! re$y bank !y slid1 ,& ) small noise ! gurgl+ riv] hid ,! flu%$ nymphs & ! he$less sleep+ man4 7,,william ,,morris3 ,life & ,dea? ( ,jason1 iv4 #fba-fda4 #ahfg47 ,b4--,,blank ,,v]se ,unrim$ five-/ress v]se e>ly became ! accept$ =m = ,engli% dramatic poetry1 & 9 ! mod]n ,engli% p]iod has become ! favorite =m = long cont9u\s poems1 n>rative & reflective z well4 ,9 g5]al1 z w appe> f ! specim5s1 x is m>k$ n only by ! abs5ce ( rime b by a preval5t fre$om ( /ructure r>ely f\nd 9 ! c\plet4 ,! impetus t[>d ! writ+ ( blank v]se seems to h be5 giv5 by ! influ5ce ( classical humanism1 ! repres5tatives ( :i* grew sceptical z to ! use ( rime1 on ! gr\nd t x 0 n f\nd 9 classical poetry4 ,9 ,italy ,giovanni ,triss9o wrote 8 ,sophonisbe & ,italia ,lib]ata 7#aeae-aedh7 9 rimeless v]ses1 & 0 look$ ^u z ! inv5tor ( v]si sciolti1 i4e4 v]ses fre$ f rime4 7,see ,s*ipp]1 vol4 ii4 p4 #d47 ,see also bel[1 9 ! notes on ,surrey1 & lat] "u ,imitations ( ,classical ,v]se1 = notes on ! same movem5t4 ,on ! nature ( ,engli% blank v]se1 see ,j4 ,a4 ,symonds's ,blank ,v]se 7#ahie71 a repr9t ( essays 9 ! ,app5dix to 8 ,sket*es & ,/udies 9 ,s\!rn ,europe4 ,9 8 ,*apt]s on ,engli% ,metre 7*ap4 iv471 ,mr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,mayor criticises :at he calls ,mr4 ,symonds's /hetic intuitivism4 ,on ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,engli% blank v]se1 see ! article by ,s*rer1 ,anfnge des ,blankv]ses 9 ,engl&1 ,anglia1 vol4 iv4 p4 #a1 & ,mr4 ,g4 ,c4 ,macaulay's ,francis ,beaumont1 pp4 #ci-di4 ,( ,mr4 ,symonds's rem>ks on ! g5]al nature ( blank v]se ! foll[+ are especially int]e/+3 ,engli% blank v]se is p]haps m v>i\s & pla/ic ?an any o!r national metre4 ,x is capable ( be+ us$ = ! mo/ commonplace & ! mo/ sublime utt]ances4444 ,orig9ally in/itut$ = ! drama1 x receiv$ 9 ,milton's h&s an epical treatm5t1 & has by au?ors ( our own day be5 us$ = idyllic & ev5 = lyrical compositions4 ,plato m5tions a ,greek musical in/rum5t call$ panh>monion1 :i* 0 adapt$ to express ! diff]5t modes & sy/ems ( melodi\s utt]ance4 ,?is "n might be appli$ to our blank v]se2 !re is no h>mony ( s\nd1 no dignity ( movem5t1 no swiftness1 no subtlety ( languid sweetness1 no brevity1 no =ce ( emphasis1 beyond its scope4 7,blank ,v]se1 pp4 #af1 #ag47 ,x seems adapt$ specially = ?\ght 9 evolution2 x requires progression & su/a9$ ef=t4 ,z a consequ5ce ( ?is1 its melody is det]m9$ by ! s5se :i* x conta9s1 & dep5ds m ^u proportion & h>mony ( s\nds ?an ^u recurr5ces & regul>ities ( /ructure4444 ,ano!r po9t ab\t blank v]se is t x admits ( no m$iocrity2 x mu/ be ei!r clay or gold4444 ,h5ce1 we f9d t blank v]se has be5 ! metre ( g5ius1 t x is only us$ successfully by indubitable poets1 & t x is no favorite 9 a mean1 contract$1 & unimag9ative age4 ,! fre$om ( ! r5aissance creat$ x 9 ,engl&4 ,! fre$om ( our c5tury has reproduc$ x4 ,blank v]se is a type & symbol ( our national lit]>y _s--uncontroll$ by prec$5t or rule1 incl9$ to extravagance1 yet rea*+ p]fection at int]vals by an inn] =ce & vivida vis ( native inspiration4 7,ibid4 pp4 #gj-gb47 ,! e>lie/ use ( ! t]m blank v]se1 not$ 9 ! ,new ,engli% ,diction>y1 is 9 ,na%'s ,preface to ,gre5e's ,m5aphon1 #aehi3 ! swell+ bumba/ ( bragg+ blanke v]se4 ,"s t5 ye>s lat] ,%aksp]e us$ x 9 ,mu* ,ado ab\t ,no?+1 ,v4 ii41 :]e ,b5$ick speaks ( ^? h]oes ^: names yet run smoo?ly 9 ! ev5 road ( blank v]se1 b w n rime easily4 ,9 ,*apman's ,all ,fools 7#afje7 ! "y gallant1 9 describ+ 8 manifold accompli%m5ts1 says he c\ld write ,sonnets 9 ,doz5s1 or y\r ,quatorza9s ,9 any rhyme1 ,mascul9e1 ,fem99e1 ,or ,sdruciolla1 or c\plets1 or ,blank ,v]se4 ,sdruciolla is ! ,italian t]m = triple-rim$ end+s4 ,=?) ,fame flie? ?r\gh ! great ,libyan t[ns3 ,a mis*ief ,fame1 !re is none else s swift2 ,t mov+ gr[s1 & flitt+ ga!rs =ce3 ,fir/ small = dread1 soon aft] climbs ! skies1 ,/aye? on e>?1 & hides h] head 9 cl\ds4 ,:om our "m ! ,e>?1 tempt$ by wra? ,( gods1 begat3 ! la/ si/]1 !y write1 ,to ,coeu1 & to ,enceladus eke3 ,spe$y ( foot1 ( w+ likewise z swift1 ,a mon/] huge1 & dreadful to descrive4 ,9 e plume t on h] body /icks1-- ,a ?+ 9 de$ mu* m>vel\s to he>1-- ,z _m wak] eyes lurk und]nea?1 ,s _m m\?s to speak1 & li/5+ e>s4 ,by night %e flies amid ! cl\dy sky1 ,%riek+1 by ! d>k %ad[ ( ! e>?1 ,ne do? decl9e to ! sweet sleep h] eyes3 ,by day %e sits to m>k on ! h\se top1 ,or turrets high1 & ! great t[ns affrays2 ,z m9dful ( ill & lies z blaz+ tru?4 7,,e>l ,,( ,,surrey3 neid1 book ,,iv4 #bbc-bdb4 ab4 #aedj4 pub4 #aeeg47 ,surrey's translation ( two books ( ! neid may h be5 sugge/$ by ! translation 7#aeda7 made by ,francesco ,m>ia ,molza1 attribut$ at ! "t to ,c>d9al ,ippolito de ,m$ici4 ,?is 0 9 ,italian unrim$ v]se4 7,see ,h5ry ,morley's ,fir/ ,sket* ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 p4 #bid1 & 8 ,engli% ,writ]s1 vol4 viii4 p4 #fa47 ,! v]se ( ,surrey1 l ,wyatt's1 %[s a some:at me*anical adh]5ce to ! syllable-c\nt+ pr9ciple1 9 contra/ to reg>d = acc5ts4#bf ,?us we f9d su* l9es z3 ,ea* palace1 & sacr$ por* ( ! gods4 ,by ! div9e sci5ce ( ,m9]va4 ,!re is a fairly free use ( run-on l9es2 accord+ to ,s*ipp]1 #ce 9 ! fir/ #bej ( ! translation4 ,nev]!less1 ! g5]al effect is monoton\s & lack+ 9 flexibility4 ,o ,jove1 h[ are ^! p's he>ts abus$6 ,:at bl9d fury ?us headlong c>ries !m1 ,t1 ?\gh s _m books1 s _m rolls ,( anci5t "t record :at griev\s plagues ,light on ^! rebels aye1 & ?\gh s (t ,_! e>s h he>d _! ag$ fa!rs tell ,:at j rew>d ^! traitors /ill receive1-- ,yea1 ?\gh !mselves h se5 deep dea? & blood ,by /rangl+ cord & slaught] ( ! sword ,to su* assign$1 yet c !y n bew>e1 ,yet _c /ay _! lewd rebelli\s h&s1 ,b1 suff'r+ too f\l reason to di/a9 ,_! wret*$ m9ds1 =get _! loyal he>t1 ,reject all tru?1 & rise aga9/ _! pr9ce8 7,,sackville & ,,norton3 ,gorboduc1 or ,f]rex & ,porrex1 ,v4 ii4 #a-ad4 #aefe47 ,?is trag$y1 al?\gh ,dryd5 curi\sly in/anc$ x 9 def5ce ( ! use ( rime on ! /age1 0 ! e>lie/ ,engli% drama 9 blank v]se4 ,! metre is decid$ly m monoton\s ?an ,surrey's1 & gives little h9t ( ! possibilities ( ! measure = dramatic expression4 ,9 g5]al1 ! e>ly exp]im5ts 9 blank v]se sugge/--:at !y mu/ (t5 h seem$ to _! writ]s--! m]e use ( ! decasyllabic c\plet depriv$ ( its rime4 ,nev]!less1 z ,mr4 ,symonds rem>ks ( a passage 9 ,gorboduc1 we yet may trace v>iety & emphasis 9 ! pauses ( ^! l9es beyond :at w\ld at t epo* h be5 possible 9 sequ5ces ( rhym$ c\plets4 7,blank ,v]se1 p4 #bj47 ,= a specim5 ( ! blank v]se ( ,gascoigne's ,/eel ,glass 7#aegf1 ! e>lie/ didactic poem 9 ,engli% blank v]se71 see p4 #ah1 above4 ,p>is1 ,k+ ,priam's son1 ?\ art arraign$ ( p>tiality1 ,( s5t5ce p>tial & unju/1 = t )\t indiff]5cy1 ,beyond des]t or m]it f>1 z ?9e accus]s say1 ,f !m1 to ,lady ,v5us "h1 ?\ gave/ ! prize away3 ,:at is ?9e answ]8 ,p>is's oration to ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,gods3 ,sacr$ & j1 ?\ great & dreadful ,jove1 ,& y ?rice-rev]5d p[]s1 :om love nor hate ,may wre/ awry2 if ?is1 to me a man1 ,?is =tune fatal be1 t ,i mu/ plead ,= safe excusal ( my guiltless ?\ght1 ,! honor m makes my mi%ap ! less1 ,t ,i a man mu/ plead be=e ! gods1 ,graci\s =be>]s ( ! _w's amiss1 ,= h]1 ^: beauty h[ x ha? entic$1 ,?is heav5ly s5ate may ) me av]4 7,,george ,,peele3 ,! ,arraignm5t ( ,p>is1 ,,iv4 i4 #fa-ge4 #aehd47 ,?is specim5 %[s ! new measure introduc$ into ! drama 9 connection ) ! e>li] rim$ sept5>y4 ,peele's v]se 9 g5]al is *>act]iz$ by sweetness & flu5cy1 b !re is /ill no h9t ( ! possibilities ( ! unrim$ decasyllabics4 ,s*rer1 9 ! article cit$ f ,anglia1 enum]ates ! foll[+ additional specim5s ( blank v]se be=e ! appe>ance ( ,m>l[e's ,tamburla9e2 ,grimald's ,dea? ( ,zoroas & ,dea? ( ,cic]o1 9 ,tottel's ,songs & ,sonnets1 #aeeg2 ,joca/a1 by ,gascoigne & ,k9welm>%e1 #aeff2 ,turb]ville's translation ( ,ovid's ,h]oical ,epi/les1 #aefg2 ,sp5s]'s unrim$ sonnets1 9 ,van d] ,noodt's ,!atre = ,worldl+s1 #aefi2 ,b>naby ,ri*'s ,don ,simonides1 #aehd2 p>ts ( ,lyly's ,woman 9 ! ,moon1 #aehd2 ,gre5e's ,description ( ,silve/ro's ,lady1 9 ,mor&o1 #aehg2 ,! ,mis=tunes ( ,ar?ur1 #aehg2--! la/ two appe>+ probably 9 ! same ye> ) ,tamburla9e1 :e!r e>li] or lat] is unc]ta94 ,mo/ ( ^! specim5s are %ort1 & all are comp>atively unimportant4 ,n[ cle> ! triple region ( ! air1 ,& let ! ,maje/y ( ,heav5 behold ,_! sc\rge & t]ror tread on emp]ors4 ,smile />s1 t reign$ at my nativity1 ,& dim ! brightness ( y\r neighbor lamps6 ,disda9 to borr[ light ( ,cyn?ia6 ,= ,i1 ! *iefe/ lamp ( all ! e>?1 ,fir/ ris+ 9 ! ,ea/ ) mild aspect1 ,b fix$ n[ 9 ! ,m]idian l9e1 ,w s5d up fire to y\r turn+ sph]es1 ,& cause ! sun to borr[ light ( y4 ,my sword /ruck fire f 8 coat ( /eel ,ev5 9 ,bi?ynia1 :5 ,i took ?is ,turk2 ,z :5 a fi]y exhalation1 ,wrapt 9 ! b[els ( a freez+ cl\d ,fight+ = passage1 makes ! welk9 crack1 ,& ca/s a fla% ( lightn+ to ! e>?4 7,,m>l[e3 ,tamburla9e1 ,"p ,i1 ,,iv4 ii4 #cj-df4 pub4 #aeij47 ,ah1 ,fau/us1 ,n[ ha/ ?\ b "o b>e h\r to live1 ,& !n ?\ mu/ be damn$ p]petually6 ,/& /ill1 y ev]-mov+ sph]es ( ,heav51 ,t "t may cease1 & midnight nev] come2 ,fair ,nature's eye1 rise1 rise aga91 & make ,p]petual day2 or let ?is h\r be b ,a ye>1 a mon?1 a week1 a natural day1 ,t ,fau/us may rep5t & save 8 s\l6 ,o l5te1 l5te1 currite noctis equi6 ,! />s move /ill1 "t runs1 ! clock w /rike1 ,! ,devil w come1 & ,fau/us mu/ be damn$4 ,o1 ,i'll leap up to my ,god6 ,:o pulls me d[n8 ,see1 see :]e ,*ri/'s blood /reams 9 ! firmam5t6 ,"o drop w\ld save my s\l--half a drop3 ah1 my ,*ri/6 ,ah1 r5d n my he>t = nam+ ( my ,*ri/6#bg ,yet w ,i call on him3 ,o sp>e me1 ,lucif]6 7,,m>l[e3 ,doctor ,fau/us1 sc4 xvi4 ll4 #fe-ha4 ,pr9t$ #afjd2 writt5 be=e #aeic47 ,m>l[e is univ]sally & rightly reg>d$ z ! fir/ ,engli% poet :o us$ blank v]se ) ! h& ( a ma/]1 & %[$ its possibilities4 ,) him x became practically a new measure4 ,mr4 ,symonds says3 ,he f\nd ! t5-syllabl$ h]oic l9e monoton\s1 monosyllabic1 & divid$ into five feet ( tol]ably regul> alt]nate %ort & long4 ,he left x v>i\s 9 =m & /ructure1 sometimes r$undant by a syllable1 sometimes defici5t1 enri*$ ) unexpect$ emphases & *anges 9 ! beat4 ,he f\nd no sequ5ce or attempt at p]iods2 "o l9e succe$$ ano!r ) insipid regul>ity1 & all 7 made aft] ! same model4 ,he gr\p$ 8 v]se accord+ to ! s5se1 obey+ an int]nal law ( melody1 & all[+ ! ?\ght conta9$ 9 8 words to dom9ate _! =m4444 ,us$ 9 ?is fa%ion1 blank v]se became a ,proteus4 ,x resembl$ music1 :i* requires regul> "t & rhy?m2 b1 by ! employm5t ( phrase1 induces a high] k9d ( melody to rise above ! common & despotic beat ( "t4444 ,x is true t1 l all great poets1 he left 8 own peculi> impr9t on x1 & t 8 metre is m>k$ by an almo/ extravagant exub]ance1 impetuosity1 & height ( color+4 7,blank ,v]se1 pp4 #bb-bg47 ,9 ! e>li] v]se ( ,tamburla9e1 :ile %[+ ^! new qualities ( a metrical ma/]1 ,m>l[e yet kept pretty closely to ! individual1 end-/opp$ l9e2 9 8 lat] v]se1 z illu/rat$ 9 ! fragm5t>y text ( ,fau/us1 he seems to h atta9$ mu* m fre$om1 resembl+ t ( ! lat] plays ( ,%aksp]e4#bh ,is x m9e eye1 or ,val5t9us' praise1 ,h] true p]fection1 or my false transgression1 ,t makes me1 reasonless1 to reason ?us8 ,%e's fair1 & s is ,julia t ,i love1-- ,t ,i did love1 = n[ my love is ?aw$1 ,:i*1 l a wax5 image 'ga9/ a fire1 ,be>s no impression ( ! ?+ x 04 ,me?9ks my zeal to ,val5t9e is cold1 ,& t ,i love him n1 z ,i 0 wont3 ,o6 b ,i love 8 lady too too mu*2 ,& t's ! reason ,i love him s little4 ,h[ %all ,i dote on h] ) m advice1 ,t ?us )\t advice beg9 to love h]8444 ,if ,i c *eck my err+ love1 ,i w2 ,if n1 to compass h] ,i'll use my skill4 7,,%aksp]e3 ,two ,g5tlem5 ( ,v]ona1 ,,ii4 iv4 #aif-bjh2 #bac1 #bad4 ab4 #aeij47 ,ay1 b to die1 & g we "k n :]e2 ,to lie 9 cold ob/ruction & to rot2 ,?is s5sible w>m motion to become ,a knead$ clod2 & ! delight$ _s ,to ba! 9 fi]y floods1 or to reside ,9 ?rill+ regions ( ?ick-ribb$ ice2 ,to be imprison$ 9 ! viewless w9ds1 ,& bl[n ) re/less viol5ce ab\t ,! p5dant _w2 or to be worse ?an wor/ ,( ^? t lawless & inc]ta9 ?\ghts ,imag9e h[l+1--'tis too horrible6 ,! we>ie/ & mo/ loa!d worldly life1 ,t age1 a*e1 p5ury1 & imprisonm5t ,c lay on nature1 is a p>adise ,to :at we fe> ( dea?4 7,,%aksp]e3 ,measure = ,measure1 ,,iii4 i4 #aah-acb4 ab4 #afjc47 ,?is ,mr4 ,symonds cites z a s+le in/ance ( ! ela/icity1 self-re/ra9t1 & fre%ness ( ! ,%aksp]ian blank v]se2 ( its fre$om f ,m>l[e's turgidity1 or ,flet*]'s languor1 or ,milton's involution2 ( its r++ s\nd & lucid vigor4444 ,x illu/rates ! fre$om f adv5titi\s ornam5t & ! organic cont9uity ( ,%aksp]e's v]sification1 :ile x also exhibits 8 p[] ( v>y+ 8 cad5ces & suit+ !m to ! dramatic utt]ance ( 8 *>act]s4 7,blank ,v]se1 p4 #ca47 ,ye elves ( hills1 brooks1 /&+ lakes1 & groves2 ,& ye t on ! s&s ) pr9tless foot ,d *ase ! ebb+ ,neptune1 & d fly him ,:5 he comes back2 y demi-puppets1 t ,by moon%9e d ! gre5-s\r r+lets make1 ,:]e( ! ewe n bites2 & y1 ^: pa/ime ,is to make midnight mu%rooms2 t rejoice ,to he> ! solemn curfew2 by ^: aid 7,weak ma/]s ?\gh ye be7 ,i h b$imm'd ,! noontide sun1 call$ =? ! mut9\s w9ds1 ,& 'twixt ! gre5 sea & ! azur'd vault ,set ro>+ w>3 to ! dread rattl+ ?und] ,h ,i giv5 fire1 & rift$ ,jove's /\t oak ,) 8 own bolt3 ! /rong-bas'd promontory ,h ,i made %ake2 & by ! spurs pluck'd up ,! p9e & c$>3 graves1 at my comm&1 ,h wak'd _! sleep]s1 op'd1 & let !m =? ,by my s pot5t art4 7,,%aksp]e3 ,! ,tempe/1 ,v4 i4 #cc-ej4 ab4 #afaj47 ,no attempt c be made to repres5t adequately ! blank v]se ( ,%aksp]e4 ,! specim5s1 *os5 respectively f 8 e>li]1 middle1 & lat] p]iods1 illu/rate ! tr5d ( developm5t ( 8 v]se4 ,9 ! e>li] p]iod x 0 *>act]iz$ by ! slight use ( fem99e end+s & enjambem5t2 9 ! lat] by m>k$ pref]5ce = bo?1 & by g5]al fre$om & flexibility4 ,9 o!r words1 ,%aksp]e's own developm5t repres5ts1 9 a sort ( m9iature1 t ( ! hi/ory ( dramatic blank v]se4 ,accord+ to ,furnivall's tables1 ! proportion ( run-on l9es to end-/opp$ l9es 9 ,! ,two ,g5tlem5 ( ,v]ona is "o 9 t51 :ile 9 ,! ,tempe/ x is "o 9 ?ree4 ,! increas$ use ( light & weak end+s is closely analog\s4 ,pr(essor ,w5dell says ( ! v]se ( ,cymbel9e3 ,end-/opp$ l9es are s delib]ately avoid$ t "o feels a s5se ( relief :5 a spee* & a l9e end toge!r4 ,su* a phrase z ',h[ sl[ 8 s\l sail'd on1 h[ swift 8 %ip' is delib]ately made1 n a s+le l9e1 b two half-l9es4 ,sev]al times1 9 ! brok5 dialogue1 "o has lit]ally to c\nt ! syllables be=e ! metrical regul>ity ( ! v]se appe>s4444 ,cle>ly ?is puzzl+ /yle is decad5t2 ! di/9ction betwe5 v]se & prose is break+ d[n4 7,william ,%aksp]e1 p4 #ceg47bi ,i1 t did help ,to fell ! l(ty c$> ( ! _w ,g]manicus2 t at "o /roke cut d[n ,drusus1 t upright elm2 )]$ 8 v9e2 ,laid ,silius & ,sab9us1 two /rong oaks1 ,flat on ! e>?2 besides ^? o!r %rubs1 ,cordus & ,sosia1 ,claudia ,pul*ra1 ,furnius & ,gallus1 :i* ,i h grubb$ up2 ,& s9ce1 h set my axe s /rong & deep ,into ! root ( spread+ ,agripp9e2 ,lopt (f & scatt]$ h] pr\d bran*es1 ,n]o1 ,drusus2 & ,caius too1 al?\gh replant$4 ,if y w1 ,de/9ies1 t aft] all1 ,i fa9t n[ ere ,i t\* my p]iod1 ,y are b cruel2 & ,i already h done ,?+s great en\gh4 ,all ,rome ha? be5 my slave2 ,! s5ate sate an idle look]-on1 ,& witness ( my p[]2 :5 ,i h blu%$ ,m to comm& ?an x to suff]3 all ,! fa!rs h sat ready & prep>$1 ,to give me empire1 temples1 or _! ?roats1 ,:5 ,i w\ld ask 'em2 &1 :at cr[ns ! top1 ,rome1 s5ate1 p1 all ! _w h se5 ,jove b my equal2 ,cs> b my second4 ',tis !n y\r malice1 ,fates1 :o1 b y\r own1 ,envy & fe> to h any p[] long kn[n4 7,,b5 ,,jonson3 ,sejanus1 ,v4 iv4 #afjc47 ,jonson's blank v]se1 says ,mr4 ,symonds1 is t ( a s*ol>--po9t$1 poli%$1 & free f ! lyricisms ( 8 age4 ,x lacks h>mony & is (t5 labor$2 b vigor\s & solid x nev] fails to be4 ,he also in/ances ! op5+ l9es ( ! ,sad ,%eph]d z exceptional 9 _! delicate music4 ,beaumont's v]se is 9 _m ways simil> 9 /ructure to ,jonson's1 yet commonly m melodi\s4 ,he is all 7,z he /&s n[7 b ! m]e "n ( ,cs>1 ,& %\ld ! ,emp]or en=ce him less]1 ,n com+ f himself1 x 7 m dang]\s3 ,he is hone/1 & w he> y4 ,d\bts are scatt]$1 ,& almo/ come to gr[? 9 e h\sehold2 ,yet1 9 my fooli% judgm5t1 7 ?is ma/]$1 ,! p1 t are n[ b rage1 & 81 ,might be aga9 ob$i5ce4 ,y %all "k me ,:5 ,rome is fair aga92 till :51 ,i love y4 ,no "n6 ,?is may be cunn+2 yet x seems n1 ,= !re is no?+ 9 x b is c]ta91 ,besides my safety4 ,_h n good ,g]manicus1 ,t 0 z loyal & z /raight z he is1 ,if n prev5t$ by ,tib]ius1 ,be5 by ! soldi]s =c$ _! emp]or8 ,he _h1 & 'tis my wisdom to rememb] x3 ,& 0 n ,corbulo 7ev5 t ,corbulo1 ,t ev] =tunate & liv+ ,roman1 ,t broke ! he>t-/r+s ( ! ,p>?ians1 ,& br\ght ,arsaces' l9e ^u _! knees1 ,*a9$ to ! awe ( ,rome71 because he 0 ?\ght 7,& b 9 w9e once7 fit to make a ,cs>1 ,cut (f by ,n]o8 ,i mu/ seek my safety2 ,= 'tis ! same aga91 if n beyond x4 7,,flet*]3 ,val5t9ian1 ,,iv4 i4 ab4 #afae47 ,i c b grieve my ignorance3 ,rep5tance1 "s say too1 is ! be/ sacrifice2 ,= sure1 sir1 if my *ance _h be5 s happy 7,z ,i confess ,i 0 m9e own de/roy]7 ,z to h arriv$ at y1 ,i w n prophesy1 ,b c]ta91 z ,i ?9k1 ,i %\ld h pleas$ y2 ,h made y z mu* wond] at my c\rtesy1 ,my love & duty1 z ,i h di%e>t5$ y4 ,"s h\rs we h ( y\?1 & "s ( folly2 ,& be+ free-born maids1 we take a lib]ty1 ,&1 to ma9ta9 t1 sometimes we /ra9 highly4444 ,a sull5 woman fe>1 t talks n to y2 ,%e has a sad & d>k5$ s\l1 loves dully2 ,a m]ry & a free w5*1 give h] lib]ty1 ,believe h]1 9 ! lighte/ =m %e appe>s to y1 ,believe h] excell5t1 ?\gh %e despise y2 ,let b ^! fits & fla%es pass1 %e w %[ to y ,z jewels rubb$ f du/1 or gold new burni%$4 7,,flet*]3 ,! ,wild-,goose ,*ase1 ,,iv4 i4 #afba47 ,! v]se ( ,flet*] is highly individual among ! ,jacobean dramati/s1 ?\gh 9 a s5se typical ( ! break+ d[n ( blank v]se1 9 ! direction ( prose1 :i* 0 go+ on at ?is p]iod4 ,! di/+ui%+ feature ( ,flet*]'s v]se is ! con/ant use ( fem99e end+s1 & ! ext5sion ( ^! to triple & ev5 quadruple end+s1 by ! addition ( "o or m syllables4 ,twelve-syllable l9es 7n alex&r9es1 b ord9>y l9es ) triple end+s7 are n at all uncommon2 & ! additional syllable or syllables may ev5 be emphatic4 ,9 g5]al ! t5d5cy 0 9 ! direction ( ! fre$om ( conv]sational prose4 ,su* a l9e z ,me?9ks y are inf9itely b\nd to h] = h] j\rney w\ld n be recogniz$1 /&+ by itself1 z a five-/ress iambic v]se2 prop]ly read1 h[ev]1 x takes its place )\t difficulty 9 ! s*eme ( ! metre4#cj ,:atev] ails me1 n[ a-late especially1 ,i c z well be hang$ z refra9 see+ h]2 ,"s tw5ty times a day1 nay1 n s little1 ,d ,i =ce err&s1 frame ways & excuses1 ,to come into h] sight2 & ,i've small reason ='t1 ,& less enc\ragem5t1 = %e baits me /ill ,e "t worse ?an o!r2 does pr(ess h]self ,! cruelle/ enemy to my face 9 t[n2 ,at no h& c abide ! sight ( me1 ,z if dang] or ill luck hung 9 my looks4 ,i mu/ confess my face is bad en\gh1 ,b ,i "k f> worse has bett] =tune1 ,& n endur'd alone1 b dot$ on2 ,& yet su* pick-hair'd faces1 *9s l wit*es'1 ,"h & !re five hairs :isp]+ 9 a corn]1 ,z if !y grew 9 fe> ( "o ano!r1 ,wr9kles l tr\ghs1 :]e sw9e-de=mity swills ,! te>s ( p]jury1 t lie !re l wa% ,fall5 f ! slimy & di%one/ eye2 ,yet su* a "o plucks sweets )\t re/ra9t4 7,,?omas ,,middleton3 ,! ,*angel+1 ,,ii4 i4 ab4 #afbc47 ,middleton c>ri$ on ! "w ( fitt+ blank v]se = plausibly conv]sational1 z di/+ui%$ f poetic1 effects4 ,(t5 8 l9es are m difficult to scan ?an ,flet*]'s1 & /ill less seek melodi\sness = its own sake4 ,*>act]i/ic specim5s are v]ses l ^!3 ,i d\bt ,i'm too quick ( appreh5sion n[4 ,) :i* "o g5tleman1 f> 9 debt1 has c\rt$ h]4 ,to call =1 '=e me1 & ?\ look'/ half ill inde$4 ,:at w\ld x pleasure me to h my ?roat cut ,) diamonds8 or to be smo!r$ ,) cassia8 or to be %ot to dea? ) pe>ls8 ,i "k dea? ha? t5 ?\s& sev]al doors ,= m5 to take _! exits2 & 'tis f\nd ,!y g on su* /range geometrical h+es1 ,y may op5 !m bo? ways2 any way1 = ,heav5 sake1 ,s ,i 7 out ( y\r :isp]+4 ,tell my bro!rs ,t ,i p]ceive dea?1 n[ ,i am well awake1 ,be/ gift is !y c give or ,i c take4444 --,pull1 & pull /rongly1 = y\r able /r5g? ,mu/ pull d[n ,heav5 ^u me3-- ,yet /ay2 ,heav5-gates are n s highly ar*$ ,z pr9ces' palaces2 !y t ent] !re ,mu/ g ^u _! knees4--,come1 viol5t dea?1 ,s]ve = m&ragora to make me sleep6-- ,g tell my bro!rs1 :5 ,i am laid out1 ,!y !n may fe$ 9 quiet4 7,,john ,,web/]3 ,! ,du*ess ( ,malfi1 ,,iv4 ii4 #afbc47 ,web/]1 says ,mr4 ,symonds1 us$ 8 metre z ! mo/ delicate & responsive in/rum5t = all v>ieties ( dramatic expression4444 ,scansion 9 ! v]se ( ,web/] is subord9ate to ! purpose ( ! speak]4 7,blank ,v]se1 pp4 #de-dg47 ,he also calls att5tion to su* rem>kable l9es z-- ,cov] h] face2 m9e eyes dazzle2 %e di$ "y4 ,o!r s9s only speak2 murd] %rieks out4 ,are y n fright5$ ) ! imprecations ,& curses ( :ole families1 made wret*$ ,by y\r s9i/] practices8-- --,yes1 z rocks are1 ,:5 foamy bill[s split !mselves aga9/ ,_! fl9ty ribs2 or z ! moon is mov$1 ,:5 wolves1 ) hung] p9$1 h[l at h] brightness4 ,i am ( a solid temp]1 &1 l ^!1 ,/e] on1 a con/ant c\rse3 ) m9e own sword1 ,if call$ into ! field1 ,i c make t "r ,:i* fe>ful enemies murmur$ at z wrong4 ,n[1 = ^! o!r piddl+ compla9ts ,brea!d out 9 bitt]ness2 z :5 !y call me ,extortion]1 tyrant1 cormorant1 or intrud] ,on my poor neighbor's "r1 or gr& inclos] ,( :at 0 common1 to my private use2 ,nay1 :5 my e>s are pi]c$ ) wid[s' cries1 ,& undone orphans wa% ) te>s my ?re%old1 ,i only ?9k :at 'tis to h my daught] ,"r honorable2 & 'tis a p[]ful *>m ,makes me ins5sible ( remorse1 or pity1 ,or ! lea/ /+ ( consci5ce4 7,,philip ,,mass+]3 ,a ,new ,way to ,pay ,old ,debts1 ,,iv4 i4 #afcc47 ,mass+]'s v]se is m regul> ?an t ( ,flet*] & o!rs1 9 ! matt] ( extra f9al syllables & ! l1 b free & flexible 9 ! use ( run-on l9es & g5]ally progressive movem5t4#ca ,x is an error to assume t !re 0 no good blank v]se writt5 9 ?is p]iod :5 ! drama 9 g5]al is said to h be5 9 a /ate ( decad5ce4 ,! v]se ( ,=d1 = example1 is noticeably /rong & re/ra9$ 7comp>e ! rem>k ( ,mr4 ,symonds1 on its glitt]+ regul>ity74 ,on ! o!r h&1 "o may see ! dramas ( ,ri*>d ,brome = specim5s ( ! decad5t metre at its wor/4 ,brome wrote com$ies bo? 9 prose & v]se1 & !re is little diff]5ce betwe5 ! two =ms 9 8 h&s4 ,see also ! crude & lax v]se ( "s ( ! e>ly plays ( ,dryd51 illu/rat$ on p4 #bcd bel[4 ,x 0 v]se ( ?is k9d :i*1 z ,mr4 ,gosse obs]ves1 ju/ifi$ ! introduction ( ! h]oic c\plet 9 all its /rictness4 ,all 9 a mom5t ?r\gh ! gloom 7 se5 ,t5 ?\s& bann]s rise into ! air ,) ori5t colors wav+3 ) !m rose ,a =e/ huge ( spe>s3 & ?rong+ helms ,appe>'d1 & s]ri$ %ields 9 ?ick array ,( dep? immeasurable3 anon !y move ,9 p]fect phalanx to ! ,dorian mood ,( flutes & s(t record]s2 su* z rais'd ,to height ( noble/ temp] h]oes old ,arm+ to battle1 & 9 /ead ( rage ,delib]ate valor brea?'d1 firm & unmov'd ,) dread ( dea? to flight or f\l retreat1 ,nor want+ p[] to mitigate & swage ,) solemn t\*es1 tr\bl'd ?\ghts1 & *ase ,angui% & d\bt & fe> & sorr[ & pa9 ,f mortal or immortal m9ds4444 444 ,& n[ 8 he>t ,di/5ds ) pride1 & h>d5+ 9 8 /r5g? ,glories3 = nev] s9ce creat$ man ,met su* embodi$ =ce1 z nam'd ) ^! ,c\ld m]it m ?an t small infantry ,w>r'd on by cranes3 ?\gh all ! giant brood ,( ,phlegra ) ?' h]oic race 7 jo9$ ,t f\ght at ,!bes & ,ilium1 on ea* side ,mix$ ) auxili> gods2 & :at res\nds ,9 fable or romance ( ,u!r's son ,begirt ) ,briti% & ,armoric knights2 ,& all :o s9ce1 baptiz'd or infidel1 ,j\/$ 9 ,aspramont or ,montalban1 ,damasco1 or ,morocco1 or ,trebizond1 ,or :om ,bis]ta s5t f ,afric %ore ,:5 ,*>lemagne ) all 8 pe]age fell ,by ,font>abbia4 7,,milton3 ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,book ,i4 ll4 #edd-eei2 #ega-ehg4 #affg47 ,) head a :ile incl9$1 ,& eyes fa/ fix$1 he /ood1 z "o :o pray$1 ,or "s great matt] 9 8 m9d revolv$3 ,at la/1 ) head erect1 ?us cri$ al\d3-- ,hi!rto1 ,lords1 :at y\r comm&s impos$ ,i h p]=m$1 z reason 01 obey+1 ,n )\t wond] or delight beheld2 ,n[1 ( my own accord1 su* o!r trial ,i mean to %[ y ( my /r5g?1 yet great]1 ,z ) amaze %all /rike all :o behold4 ,?is utt]$1 /ra9+ all 8 n]ves he b[$2 ,z ) ! =ce ( w9ds & wat]s p5t ,:5 m\nta9s tremble1 ^? two massy pill>s1 ,) horrible convulsion to & fro ,he tugg$1 he %ook1 till d[n !y came1 & drew ,! :ole ro( aft] !m ) bur/ ( ?und] ,^u ! heads ( all :o sat b5ea?4 7,,milton3 ,samson ,agoni/es1 ll4 #afcf-afeb4 #afga47 ,! blank v]se ( ,milton is *>act]iz$ by great] fre$om & flexibility ?an t ( any e>li] poet4 ,! s+le l9e practically ceases to be ! unit ( ! v]se1 :i* is divid$ r into metrical p>agraphs1 or1 z "s w\ld ev5 call !m1 /anzas4 ,pr(essor ,corson quotes an int]e/+ passage f a lett] ( ,col]idge1 giv+ an acc\nt ( a conv]sation 9 :i* ,wordswor? express$ 8 view ( ?is sort ( blank v]se4 ,my fri5d gave 8 def9ition & notion ( h>moni\s v]se1 t x consi/$ 7! ,engli% iambic blank v]se above all7 9 ! apt arrangem5t ( pauses & cad5ces1 & ! sweep ( :ole p>agraphs1 ) _m a w9d+ b\t ,( l9k$ sweetness long drawn out1 & n 9 ! ev5 fl[1 mu* less 9 ! prom95ce or anti!tic vigor ( s+le l9es1 :i* 7 inde$ injuri\s to ! total effect1 except :]e !y 7 introduc$ = "s specific purpose4 7,corson's ,prim] ( ,engli% ,v]se1 p4 #bah47 ,9 l mann] ,mr4 ,symonds says3 ,! mo/ sonor\s passages beg9 & end ) int]rupt$ l9es1 includ+ 9 "o organic /ructure1 p]iods1 p>5!ses1 & p>agraphs ( flu5t melody4444 ,9 ^! /ructures !re are _m pauses :i* enable ! e> & voice to re/ !mselves1 b none are p]fect1 none satisfy ! want creat$ by ! op5+ hemi/i*1 until ! f9al & delib]ate close is rea*$4 7,blank ,v]se pp4 #ef1 #eg47 ,9 ,milton's own prefatory note to ,p>adise ,lo/1 he call$ 8 blank v]se ,engli% h]oic v]se )\t rime4 ,rime he spoke ( z ! inv5tion ( a b>b>\s age1 444 grac$ inde$ s9ce by ! use ( "s fam\s mod]n poets1--n lea/ among !m1 he might h said1 be+ ,john ,milton himself4 ,he describ$ also ! special "* ( 8 v]se 9 say+ t true musical delight 444 consi/s only 9 apt numb]s1 fit quantity ( syllables1 & ! s5se v>i\sly drawn out f "o v]se into ano!r1--t is1 by enjambem5t4 ,?is neglect !n ( rime s little is to be tak5 = a defect1 444 t x r is to be e/eem$ an example set1 ! fir/ 9 ,engli%1 ( anci5t lib]ty recov]$ to h]oic poem f ! tr\blesome & mod]n bondage ( rim+4#cb ,x appe>s f ?is note t ,milton reg>d$ 8 h]oic blank v]se z a diff]5t measure f ! famili> dramatic blank v]se4 ,! latt] he us$ 9 ,samson ,agoni/es1 ! v]se-/ructure ( :i* w be se5 to diff] f t ( ,p>adise ,lo/2 ! mo/ sali5t di/9ction is ! m frequ5t use ( fem99e end+s4 ,mr4 ,symonds rem>ks int]e/+ly on ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,%aksp]ian & ,miltonic1 betwe5 dramatic & epical blank v]se4 ,! "o is simple 9 con/ruction & progressive1 ! o!r is complex & /ation>y4444 ,! "o exhibits a ?\ght1 9 ! process ( =mation1 develop+ itself f ! excit$ fancy ( ! speak]4 ,! o!r pres5ts to u an image cry/alliz$ & p]fect 9 ! poet's m9d2 ! "o is 9 "t1 ! o!r 9 space--! "o is a gr[+ & ! o!r a complete organism4444 ,! "o1 if we may play ^u a fancy1 resembles ,music1 & ! o!r ,ar*itecture4 7,blank ,v]se1 p4 #eh47 ,me?9ks ,i d n want ,t huge long tra9 ( fawn+ foll[]s1 ,t swept a furlong aft] me4 ',tis true ,i am alone2 ,s 0 ! godhead1 ere he made ! _w1 ,& bett] s]v$ himself ?an s]v$ by nature4 ,& yet ,i h a s\l ,above ?is humble fate4 ,i c\ld comm&1 ,love to d good1 give l>gely to true m]it1 ,all t a k+ %\ld d2 b ?\gh ^! are n ,my prov9ce1 ,i h sc5e en\gh )9 ,to ex]cise my virtue4 ,all t a he>t1 s fix$ z m9e1 c move1 ,is1 t my nigg>d =tune />ves my love4 7,,dryd53 ,m>riage la ,mode1 ,,iii4 i4 #afgb47 ,%e lay1 & lean$ h] *eek ^u h] h&1 ,& ca/ a look s langui%+ly sweet1 ,z if1 secure ( all behold]s' he>ts1 ,neglect+1 %e c\ld take !m3 boys1 l ,cupids1 ,/ood fann+1 ) _! pa9t$ w+s1 ! w9ds ,t play$ ab\t h] face3 b if %e smil$1 ,a d>t+ glory seem$ to blaze abroad1 ,t m5's desir+ eyes 7 nev] we>i$1 ,b hung ^u ! object4 ,to s(t flutes ,! silv] o>s kept "t2 & :ile !y play$1 ,! he>+ gave new pleasure to ! sight1 ,& bo? to ?\ght4 ',twas heav51 or some:at m2 7,,dryd53 ,all = ,love1 ,,iii4 i4 #afgh47 ,! fir/ ( ^! specim5s ( ,dryd5's blank v]se illu/rates ! loose =m ( x f\nd 9 _m ( ! com$ies1 ill di/+ui%$ f prose & us$ int]*angeably ) prose1 z 9 ! case ( ! late ,jacobean dramati/s4 ,x 0 ) ,all = ,love t ,dryd5 dropp$ ! use ( ! rim$ c\plet 9 trag$y1 & turn$ 8 h& t[>d ! con/ruction ( really noble blank v]se4 ,?is play 0 pr(ess$ly an imitation ( ,%aksp]e1 & ! passage "h quot$ is a p>aphrase ( "o 9 ,antony & ,cleopatra1 ,,ii4 ii4 ,%aksp]e's blank v]se d\btless ex]t$ a good influ5ce on ! quality ( ,dryd5's4 ,f ?is "t on1 says ,mr4 ,gosse1 ,dryd5's blank v]se 0 m sev]e ?an any :i* _h be5 us$1 except by ,milton1 s9ce ,b5 ,jonson4 7,eighte5? ,c5tury ,lit]ature1 p4 #ad47 ,!n he> me1 b\nte\s ,heav56 ,p\r d[n y\r bless+s on ?is beaute\s head1 ,:]e ev]la/+ sweets are always spr++3 ,) a cont9ual-giv+ h&1 let peace1 ,honor1 & safety always hov] r\nd h]2 ,fe$ h] ) pl5ty2 let h] eyes ne'er see ,a sight ( sorr[1 nor h] he>t "k m\rn+3 ,cr[n all h] days ) joy1 h] nights ) re/ ,h>mless z h] own ?\ghts1 & prop h] virtue ,to be> ! loss ( "o t too mu* lov$2 ,& com=t h] ) pati5ce 9 our p>t+4444 --,!n he> me too1 j ,heav56 ,p\r d[n y\r curses on ?is wret*$ head1 ,) nev]-ceas+ v5geance2 let despair1 ,dang]1 or infamy1 nay1 all surr\nd me4 ,/>ve me ) want+s2 let my eyes ne'er see ,a sight ( com=t1 nor my he>t "k peace2 ,b da% my days ) sorr[1 nights ) horrors ,wild z my own ?\ghts n[1 & let loose fury ,to make me mad en\gh = :at ,i lose1 ,if ,i mu/ lose him--if ,i mu/6 ,i w n4 7,,?omas ,,otway3 ,v5ice ,pres]v$1 ,v4 ii4 #afhb47 ,?is play 0 "o ( ^? m>k+ ! return ( ! s]i\s drama to blank v]se1 aft] ! brief dom9ation ( ! c\plet on ! /age4 ,:ile ,otway's v]se is n z good z ,dryd5's be/1 x is ( fairly ev5 m]it1 & %[s t some?+ _h be5 le>n$ f ! practice ( ! c\plet4 ,et]nity6 ?\ pleas+1 dreadful ?\ght6 ,?r\gh :at v>iety ( untri$ be+1 ,?r\gh :at new sc5es & *anges mu/ we pass6 ,! wide1 ! unb\nd$ prospect lies be=e me2 ,b %ad[s1 cl\ds1 & d>kness re/ ^u x4 ,"h w ,i hold4 ,if !re's a p[] above u 7,& t !re is all nature cries al\d ,?r\gh all h] works71 he mu/ delight 9 virtue2 ,& t :i* he delights 9 mu/ be happy4444 444 ,! s\l1 secur$ 9 h] exi/5ce1 smiles ,at ! drawn dagg]1 & defies its po9t4 ,! />s %all fade away1 ! sun himself ,gr[ dim ) age1 & nature s9k 9 ye>s1 ,b ?\ %alt fl\ri% 9 immortal y\?1 ,unhurt amid/ ! w>s ( elem5ts1 ,! wrecks ( matt]1 & ! cru% ( worlds4 7,,addison3 ,cato1 ,v4 i4 ll4 #aj-ah2 #be-ca4 #agac47 ,tell u1 ye dead6 w none ( y1 9 pity ,to ^? y left beh9d1 disclose ! secret8 ,oh6 t "s c\rte\s gho/ w\ld blab x out1-- ,:at 'tis y are1 & we mu/ %ortly be4 ,i've he>d t s\ls dep>t$ h sometimes ,=ew>n'd m5 ( _! dea?4 ',twas k9dly done ,to knock1 & give ! al>um4 ,b :at means ,?is /9t$ *>ity8 ',tis b lame k9dness ,t does its "w by halves4 ,:y might y n ,tell u :at 'tis to die8 ,d ! /rict laws ,( y\r society =bid y\r speak+ ,^u a po9t s nice8 ,i'll ask no m3 ,sull51 l lamps 9 sepul*res1 y\r %9e ,enlight5s b y\rselves4 ,well1 'tis no matt]2 ,a v little "t w cle> up all ,& make u le>n'd z y are1 & z close4 7,,rob]t ,,blair3 ,! ,grave4 #agdc47 ,?is poem 0 "o ( ^? connect$ ) ! revival ( blank v]se1 = didactic poetry1 ne> ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,( ,blair's v]se ,mr4 ,sa9tsbury says t x is by no means to be despis$4 ,te*nically its only fault is ! use & abuse ( ! r$undant syllable4 ,! quality 444 is 9 e respect r m\ld$ ^u dramatic ?an ^u purely poetical models1 & he %[s little trace ( imitation ei!r ( ,milton1 or ( 8 contempor>y1 ,?omson4 7,w>d's ,engli% ,poets1 vol4 iii4 p4 #bag47 ,?r\gh ! hu%$ air ! :it5+ %[] desc5ds1 ,at fir/ ?9 wav]+2 till at la/ ! flakes ,fall broad1 & wide1 & fa/1 dimm+ ! day ,) a cont9ual fl[4 ,! *]i%$ fields ,put on _! w9t]-robe ( pure/ :ite4 ',tis brightness all2 save :]e ! new sn[ melts ,along ! mazy curr5t4 ,l[ ! woods ,b[ _! ho> head2 &1 ere ! languid sun ,fa9t f ! we/ emits 8 ev5+ ray1 ,e>?'s univ]sal face1 deep-hid & *ill1 ,is "o wild dazzl+ wa/e1 t buries wide ,! works ( man4 ,droop+1 ! labor]-ox ,/&s cov]$ o'er ) sn[1 & !n dem&s ,! fruit ( all 8 toil4 ,! f[ls ( heav51 ,tam$ by ! cruel season1 cr[d ar\nd ,! w9n[+ /ore1 & claim ! little boon ,:i* ,provid5ce assigns !m4 ,"o alone1 ,! r$brea/1 sacr$ to ! h\sehold gods1 ,wisely reg>dful ( ! embroil+ sky1 ,9 joyless fields & ?orny ?ickets leaves ,8 %iv]+ mates1 & pays to tru/$ man ,8 annual visit4 ,half-afraid1 he fir/ ,aga9/ ! w9d[ beats2 !n1 brisk1 alights ,on ! w>m he>?2 !n1 hopp+ o'er ! floor1 ,eyes all ! smil+ family askance1 ,& pecks1 & />ts1 & wond]s :]e he is-- ,till1 m famili> gr[n1 ! table-crumbs ,attract 8 sl5d] feet4 7,,?omson3 ,! ,seasons2 ,w9t]4 #agbf47 ,?omson's ,seasons 0 und\bt$ly ! mo/ influ5tial ( ! poems ( ! blank-v]se revival ( ?is p]iod4 ,sa9tsbury says3 ,8 blank v]se 9 especial _c receive too mu* comm5dation4 ,) t ( ,milton1 & t ( ! pres5t ,poet ,laureate ,t5nyson1 x mu/ rank z "o ( ! *ief orig9al models ( ! metre to be f\nd 9 ,engli% poetry4 7,w>d's ,engli% ,poets1 vol4 iii4 p4 #afi47 ,o!r influ5tial poems ( ! same p]iod1 writt5 9 blank v]se1 7 ,glov]'s ,leonidas 7#agcg71 ,"y's ,night ,?\ghts 7#agdb-agdd71 & ,ak5side's ,pleasures ( ! ,imag9ation 7#agdd74 ,mu* e>li] ?an ^! _h come ! curi\s poem ( ,john ,philips on ,cid] 7#agjh74 ,philips is prais$ by ,?omson z ! successor ( ,milton 9 "s l9es ( ,autumn3 ,philips1 ,pomona's b>d1 ! second ?\ ,:o nobly dur/1 9 rhyme-unfett]'d v]se ,) ,briti% fre$om s+ ! ,briti% song4 ,9 g5]al1 ! blank v]se ( all ^! poets %[s ! influ5ce ( ! c\plet & lacks flexibility4 ,?us ,mr4 ,symonds says3 ,! use ( ! c\plet _h unfitt$ poets = its composition4 ,_! acquir$ canons ( regul>ity1 :5 appli$ to loose & fl[+ metre1 l$ !m a/ray4444 ,h5ce x foll[$1 t :5 blank v]se began aga9 to be writt51 x f\nd itself v mu* at ! po9t :]e x _h /ood be=e ! appe>ance ( ,m>l[e4 ,ev5 ,?omson 444 wrote /iff & languid blank v]se ) monosyllabic t]m9ations & monoton\s cad5ces--a p$e/rian /yle4 7,blank ,v]se1 pp4 #fa1 #fb47cc ,"h unmole/$1 ?r\gh :atev] sign ,! sun proce$s1 ,i w&]2 nei!r mi/1 ,nor freez+ sky nor sultry1 *eck+ me1 ,nor /rang] int]m$dl+ ) my joy4 ,ev5 9 ! spr+ & playtime ( ! ye>1 ,t calls ! unwont$ villag] abroad ,) all h] little ones1 a sportive tra91 ,to ga!r k+cups 9 ! yell[ mead1 ,& pr9k _! hair ) daisies1 or to pick ,a *eap b :olesome salad f ! brook1 ,^! %ades are all my own4 ,! timor\s h>e1 ,gr[n s famili> ) h] frequ5t gue/1 ,sc>ce %uns me2 & ! /ockdove unal>m$ ,sits coo+ 9 ! p9e-tree1 nor susp5ds ,8 long love-ditty = my ne> approa*4 ,drawn f 8 refuge 9 "s lonely elm ,t age or injury has holl[$ deep1 ,:]e on 8 b$ ( wool & matt$ leaves ,he has outslept ! w9t]1 v5tures =? ,to frisk a:ile1 & bask 9 ! w>m sun1 ,! squirrel1 flippant1 p]t1 & full ( play4 ,he sees me1 & at once1 swift z a bird1 ,asc5ds ! neighbor+ bee*2 !re :isks 8 bru%1 ,& p]ks 8 e>s1 & /amps & scolds al\d1 ,) all ! prett9ess ( feign$ al>m1 ,& ang] insignificantly fi]ce4 7,,c[p]3 ,! ,task1 book ,,vi4 ll4 #bie-cbj4 #aghe47 ,! blank v]se ( ,c[p]'s ,task is admirably adapt$ to ! !me1 says ,pr(essor ,corson4 ,c[p] saw f>!r ?an any "o be=e him _h se51 into ! secrets ( ! elaborate music ( ,milton's blank v]se1 & avail$ himself ( ^? secrets to "s ext5t--to z f> an ext5t z ! simplicity ( 8 !mes dem&$4 7,prim] ( ,engli% ,v]se1 p4 #bba47 ,pr(essor ,w>d speaks1 h[ev]1 ( ! lumb]+ movem5t ( ,c[p]'s blank v]se z be+ 9 contra/ to ! neatness & ease ( 8 rhym$ c\plets4 7,engli% ,poets1 vol4 iii4 p4 #dcb47 ,c[p] prid$ himself1 n )\t reason1 on ! individuality ( 8 blank v]se4 ,9 a lett] to ! ,rev4 ,john ,newton 7,dec4 #aa1 #aghd7 he said3 ,milton's mann] 0 peculi>4 ,s is ,?omson's4 ,he t %\ld write l ei!r ( !m1 w\ld1 9 my judgm5t1 des]ve ! "n ( a copyi/1 b n ( a poet4444 ,blank v]se is susceptible ( a mu* great] div]sification ( mann] ?an v]se 9 rhyme3 & :y ! mod]n writ]s ( x h all ?\ght prop] to ca/ _! numb]s alike1 ,i "k n4 ,9 ano!r lett] 7to ,lady ,heske?1 ,m>* #bj1 #aghf7 ,c[p] reveals 8 c>eful /udy ( ,milton's v]se3 ,:5 ! s5se requires x1 or :5 = ! sake ( avoid+ a monoton\s cad5ce ( ! l9es1 ( :i* !re is always dang] 9 s long a "w1 x %all appe> to be prud5t1 ,i /ill leave a v]se beh9d me t has "s uneas9ess 9 its =mation4 ,x is n possible to read ,p>adise ,lo/1 ) an e> = h>mony1 )\t be+ s5sible ( ! great advantage :i* ,milton drew f su* a managem5t4444 ,uncritical read]s f9d t !y p]=m a long j\rney ?r\gh sev]al hundr$ pages p]haps )\t we>9ess2 !y f9d ! numb]s h>moni\s1 b are n aw>e ( ! art by :i* t h>mony is br\ght to pass1 mu* less suspect t a violation ( all h>mony on "s occasions is ! v ?+ to :i* !y are n a little indebt$ = _! gratification4 ,?\ too1 ho> ,m\nt6 ) ?y sky-po9t+ peaks1 ,(t f ^: feet ! avalan*e1 unhe>d1 ,%oots d[nw>d1 glitt]+ ?r\gh ! pure s]5e ,into ! dep? ( cl\ds1 t veil ?y brea/-- ,?\ too aga91 /up5d\s ,m\nta96 ?\ ,t z ,i raise my head1 a:ile b[$ l[ ,9 adoration1 upw>d f ?y base ,sl[ travell+ ) dim eyes suffus$ ) te>s1 ,solemnly seeme/1 l a vapory cl\d1 ,to rise be=e me--,rise1 ,o ev] rise1 ,rise l a cl\d ( inc5se f ! e>?6 ,?\ k+ly _s ?ron$ among ! hills1 ,?\ dread ambassador f ,e>? to ,heav51 ,great ,hi]>*6 tell ?\ ! sil5t sky1 ,& tell ! />s1 & tell yon ris+ sun1 ,e>?1 ) h] ?\s& voices1 praises ,god4 7,,col]idge3 ,hymn be=e ,sunrise1 9 ! ,vale ( ,*am\ni1 ll4 #gj-he4 #ahjb47 ,x 0 a d5 :]e no insult+ light ,c\ld glimm] on _! te>s2 :]e _! own groans ,!y felt1 b he>d n1 = ! solid ro> ,( ?und]\s wat]falls & torr5ts ho>se1 ,p\r+ a con/ant bulk1 unc]ta9 :]e4 ,crag jutt+ =? to crag1 & rocks t seem'd ,ev] z if j ris+ f a sleep1 ,=ehead to =ehead held _! mon/r\s horns2 ,& ?us 9 ?\s& huge/ phantasies ,made a fit ro(+ to ?is ne/ ( woe4 ,in/ead ( ?rones1 h>d fl9t !y sat ^u1 ,c\*es ( rugg$ /one1 & slaty ridge ,/ubborn'd ) iron4 ,all 7 n assembl$3 ,"s *a9'd 9 torture1 & "s w&]+4 ,coeu1 & ,gyges1 & ,bri>eus1 ,typhon1 & ,dolor1 & ,porphyrion1 ,) _m m1 ! brawnie/ 9 assault1 ,7 p5t 9 regions ( labori\s brea?2 ,dungeon'd 9 opaque elem5t1 to keep ,_! cl5*$ tee? /ill cl5*'d1 & all _! limbs ,lock'd up l ve9s ( metal1 crampt & screw'd2 ,)\t a motion1 save ( _! big he>ts ,heav+ 9 pa91 & horribly convuls'd ,) sangu9e fev]\s boil+ gurge ( pulse4 7,,keats3 ,hyp]ion1 book ,,ii4 #ahbj47 ,9 ,keats at la/1 says ,mr4 ,symonds1 we f9d aga9 t inn] music :i* is ! s\l ( true blank v]se4444 ,8 ,hyp]ion is sung1 n writt54444 ,its music is fluid1 b\nd by no ext]nal measurem5t ( feet1 b det]m9$ by ! s5se & intonation ( ! poet's ?\ght1 :ile l ! crotalos ( ! ,a!nian flute-play]1 ! decasyllabic beat ma9ta9s an un9t]rupt$ und]curr5t ( regul> pulsations4 7,blank ,v]se1 p4 #fd47 ,i h le>n$ ,to look on nature1 n z 9 ! h\r ,( ?\ghtless y\?2 b he>+ (t5times ,! /ill1 sad music ( humanity1 ,nor h>% nor grat+1 ?\gh ( ample p[] ,to *a/5 & subdue4 ,& ,i h felt ,a pres5ce t di/urbs me ) ! joy ,( elevat$ ?\ghts2 a s5se sublime ,( some?+ f> m deeply int]fus$1 ,^: dwell+ is ! light ( sett+ suns1 ,& ! r\nd ocean & ! liv+ air1 ,& ! blue sky1 & 9 ! m9d ( man3 ,a motion & a _s1 t impels ,all ?9k+ ?+s1 all objects ( all ?\ght1 ,& rolls ?r\gh all ?+s4 7,,wordswor?3 ,l9es ,compos$ a few miles above ,t9t]n ,abbey4 #agih47 ,let n high v]se1 m\rn+ ! memory ,( t :i* is no m1 or pa9t+'s woe ,or sculpture1 speak 9 feeble imag]y ,_! own cold p[]s4 ,art & eloqu5ce1 ,& all ! %[s o' ! _w1 are frail & va9 ,to weep a loss t turns _! lights to %ade4 ,x is a woe 'too deep = te>s1' :5 all ,is reft at once1 :5 "s surpass+ ,_s1 ,^: light adorn$ ! _w ar\nd x1 leaves ,^? :o rema9 beh9d1 n sobs or groans1 ,! passionate tumult ( a cl++ hope2 ,b pale despair & cold tranquillity1 ,nature's va/ frame1 ! web ( human ?+s1 ,bir? & ! grave1 t are n z !y 74 7,,%elley3 ,ala/or1 ll4 #gjg-gbj4 #ahae47 ,! old ord] *ange?1 yield+ place to new1 ,& ,god fulfils himself 9 _m ways1 ,le/ "o good cu/om %\ld corrupt ! _w4 ,com=t ?yself3 :at com=t is 9 me8 ,i h liv$ my life1 & t :i* ,i h done ,may ,he )9 himself make pure6 b ?\1 ,if ?\ %\ld/ nev] see my face aga91 ,pray = my s\l4 ,m ?+s are wr\ght by pray] ,?an ?is _w dreams (4 ,:]e=e let ?y voice ,rise l a f\nta9 = me night & day4 ,= :at are m5 bett] ?an %eep or goats ,t n\ri% a bl9d life )9 ! bra91 ,if1 kn[+ ,god1 !y lift n h&s ( pray] ,bo? = !mselves & ^? :o call !m fri5d8 ,= s ! :ole r\nd e>? is e way ,b\nd by gold *a9s ab\t ! feet ( ,god4 ,b n[ f>ewell4 ,i am go+ a long way ,) ^! ?\ see/--if inde$ ,i g 7,= all my m9d is cl\d$ ) a d\bt7-- ,to ! isl&-valley ( ,avilion2 ,:]e falls n hail1 or ra91 or any sn[1 ,nor ev] w9d bl[s l\dly2 b x lies ,deep-mead['d1 happy1 fair ) or*>d-lawns ,& b[]y holl[s cr[n'd ) summ] sea1 ,:]e ,i w heal me ( my griev\s w\nd4 7,,t5nyson3 ,idylls ( ! ,k+2 ,! ,pass+ ( ,ar?ur4 #ahfi47 ,b t l>ge-m\ld$ man1 ,8 visage all agr9 z at a wake1 ,made at me ?ro' ! press1 &1 /agg]+ back ,) /roke on /roke ! horse & horseman1 came ,z comes a pill> ( electric cl\d1 ,flay+ ! ro(s & suck+ up ! dra9s1 ,& %ad[+ d[n ! *ampaign till x /rikes ,on a wood1 & takes1 & breaks1 & cracks1 & splits1 ,& twi/s ! gra9 ) su* a ro> t ,e>? ,reels1 & ! h]dsm5 cry2 = ev]y?+ ,gave way be=e him3 only ,florian1 he ,t lov$ me clos] ?an 8 own "r eye1 ,?ru/ 9 betwe52 b ,arac rode him d[n3 ,& ,cyril see+ x1 pu%'d aga9/ ! ,pr9ce1 ,) ,psy*e's color r\nd 8 helmet1 t\gh1 ,/rong1 supple1 s9ew-cord$1 apt at arms2 ,b t\gh]1 heavi]1 /rong]1 he t smote ,& ?rew him3 la/ ,i spurr'd2 ,i felt my ve9s ,/ret* ) fi]ce heat2 a mom5t h& to h&1 ,& sword to sword1 & horse to horse we hung1 ,till ,i /ruck out & %\t$2 ! blade glanc'd2 ,i did b %e> a fea!r1 & dream & tru? ,fl['d f me2 d>kness clos$ me2 & ,i fell4 7,,t5nyson3 ,! ,pr9cess1 v4 #ahdg47 ,%e knew me1 & ackn[l$g'd me h] heir1 ,pray'd me to keep h] debts1 & keep ! ,fai?2 ,!n claspt ! cross1 & pass'd away 9 peace4 ,i left h] ly+ /ill & beautiful1 ,m beautiful ?an 9 life4 ,:y w\ld y vex y\rself1 ,poor si/]8 ,sir1 ,i swe> ,i h no he>t ,to be y\r que54 ,to reign is re/less f5ce1 ,ti]ce1 qu>t1 & trick]y4 ,peace is ) ! dead4 ,h] life 0 w9t]1 = h] spr+ 0 nipt2 ,& %e lov$ mu*3 pray ,god %e be =giv54 7,,t5nyson3 ,que5 ,m>y1 ,v4 v4 #ahge47 ,fre% z ! fir/ beam glitt]+ on a sail1 ,t br+s our fri5ds up f ! und]world1 ,sad z ! la/ :i* r$d5s ov] "o ,t s9ks ) all we love bel[ ! v]ge2 ,s sad1 s fre%1 ! days t are no m4 ,ah1 sad & /range z 9 d>k summ] dawns ,! e>lie/ pipe ( half-awak5'd birds ,to dy+ e>s1 :5 unto dy+ eyes ,! casem5t sl[ly gr[s a glimm]+ squ>e2 ,s sad1 s /range1 ! days t are no m4 7,,t5nyson3 ,! ,pr9cess1 iv42 ,te>s1 ,idle ,te>s4 #ahdg47 ,! blank v]se ( ,t5nyson is probably to be reg>d$ z ! mo/ ma/]ly f\nd among mod]n poets4#cd ,its flexibility is almo/ inf9ite1 yet nev] unmelodi\s4 ,! la/ ( ! specim5s j quot$ illu/rates 8 use ( blank v]se = %ort lyrical poems1--an unusual & notable a*ievem5t4 ,p]haps only ,coll9s's ,ode to ,ev5+ c be comp>$ ) 8 success 9 ?is direction1 & ,coll9s us$ a m elaborate /rophe to fill1 9 "p1 ! place ( rime4 ,( ! unrim$ lyrics 9 ,! ,pr9cess1 ,mr4 ,symonds says t !y are p]fect specim5s ( mo/ melodi\s & complete m9/relsy 9 words4 ,9 ! ,te>s1 ,idle ,te>s1 he goes on to say1 ! v]se is divid$ into p]iods ( five l9es1 ea* ( :i* t]m9ates ) ! words 'days t are no m4' ,?is recurr5ce ( s\nd & mean+ is a sub/itute = rhyme1 & sugge/s rhyme s p]suasively t x is impossible to call ! poem m]e blank v]se4 ,see also ! specim5s on p4 #add above4 ,9 ! case ( bo? ,t5nyson & ,br[n+ ! /ud5t %\ld comp>e ! =m ( ! n>rative blank v]se on ! "o h& ) t ( ! dramatic on ! o!r4 ,yet 9 a s5se all ,br[n+'s blank v]se is dramatic4 ,x is no less flexible ?an ,t5nyson's1 b 7z 9 mo/ ( ,br[n+'s poetry7 sacrifices m ( melody 9 adapt+ itself to ! ?\ght4 ,to live1 & see h] le>n1 & le>n by h]1 ,out ( ! l[ obscure & petty _w-- ,or only see "o purpose & "o w ,evolve !mselves i' ! _w1 *ange wrong to "r3 ,to h to d ) no?+ b ! true1 ,! good1 ! et]nal--& ^!1 n alone1 ,9 ! ma9 curr5t ( ! g5]al life1 ,b small exp]i5ces ( e day1 ,conc]ns ( ! p>ticul> he>? & home3 ,to le>n n only by a comet's ru% ,b a rose's bir?1--n by ! gr&eur1 ,god1 ,b ! com=t1 ,*ri/4 ,all ?is1 h[ f> away6 ,m]e delectation1 meet = a m9ute's dream6-- ,j z a drudg+ /ud5t trims 8 lamp1 ,op5s 8 ,plut>*1 puts him 9 ! place ,( ,roman1 ,grecian2 draws ! pat*'d g[n close1 ,dreams1 ,?us %\ld ,i fight1 save or rule ! _w6 ,!n smil+ly1 cont5t$ly1 awakes ,to ! old solit>y no?+ness4 ,s ,i1 f su* communion1 pass cont5t4-- ,o great1 j1 good ,god6 ,mis]able me6 7,,br[n+3 ,! ,r+ & ! ,book2 ,caponsac*i4 #ahfh47 ,! ,r+ & ! ,book ,pr(essor ,corson calls ! greate/ a*ievem5t ( ! c5tury 444 9 ! effective use ( blank v]se 9 ! treatm5t ( a great subject4444 ,its blank v]se1 :ile hav+ a mo/ complex v>iety ( "*1 is ! mo/ dramatic blank v]se s9ce ! ,elizabe?an era4444 ,"o reads x )\t a s5se almo/ ( !re be+ any?+ artificial 9 ! con/ruction ( ! language2 444 "o gets ! impression t ! poet ?\ght & felt spontane\sly 9 blank v]se4 7,prim] ( ,engli% ,v]se1 pp4 #bbd1 #bbe47 ,?is eve's ! "t1 ,?is eve int5se ) yon fir/ trembl+ /> ,we seem to pant & rea*2 sc>ce aught betwe5 ,! e>? t rises & ! heav5 t b5ds2 ,all nature self-ab&on$1 e tree ,flung z x w1 pursu+ its own ?\ghts ,& fix$ s1 e fl[] & e we$1 ,no pride1 no %ame1 no victory1 no defeat2 ,all "u ,god1 ea* measur$ by itself4 ,^! /atues r\nd u /& abrupt1 di/9ct1 ,! /rong 9 /r5g?1 ! weak 9 weakness fix$1 ,! ,muse =ev] w$d$ to h] lyre1 ,nymph to h] fawn1 & ,sil5ce to h] rose3 ,see ,god's approval on 8 univ]se6 ,let u d s--aspire to live z ^! ,9 h>mony ) tru?1 ourselves be+ true6 ,take ! fir/ way1 & let ! second come6 7,,br[n+3 ,9 a ,balcony4 #ahee47 ,! v ,god6 ?9k1 ,abib2 do/ ?\ ?9k8 ,s1 ! ,all-,great 7 ! ,all-,lov+ too-- ,s1 ?r\gh ! ?und] comes a human voice ,say+1 ,o he>t ,i made1 a he>t beats "h6 ,face1 my h&s fa%ion$1 see x 9 myself6 ,?\ ha/ no p[] nor may'/ conceive ( m9e1 ,b love ,i gave !e1 ) myself to love1 ,& ?\ mu/ love me :o h di$ = !e4 ,! madman sai? ,he said s3 x is /range4 7,,br[n+3 ,epi/le ( ,k>%i%4 #ahee47 ,god's works--pa9t any "o1 & c\nt x crime ,to let a tru? slip4 ,don't object1 ,8 works ,are "h already2 nature is complete3 ,suppose y reproduce h]--7:i* y c't7 ,!re's no advantage6 y mu/ beat h]1 !n4 ,=1 don't y m>k8 we're made s t we love ,fir/ :5 we see !m pa9t$1 ?+s we h pass$ ,p]haps a hundr$ times nor c>$ to see2 ,& s !y are bett]1 pa9t$--bett] to u1 ,:i* is ! same ?+4 ,art 0 giv5 = t2 ,god uses u to help ea* o!r s1 ,l5d+ our m9ds out4 7,,br[n+3 ,fra ,lippo ,lippi4 #ahee47 ,( "s ( ,br[n+'s blank v]se ,mr4 ,mayor obs]ves3 ,! extreme h>%ness ( _m ( ^! l9es is almo/ a mat* = any?+ 9 ,surrey1 only :at 9 ,surrey is helplessness seems ! p]v]sity ( /r5g? 9 ,br[n+4444 ,! ,ari/ophanic ve9 9 ,br[n+ is cont9ually lead+ him to trample "u foot ! dignity ( v]se & to %ock ! un9itiat$ read] by colloquial famili>ities1 '?umps ^u ! back1' su* z ! poet ,c[p] res5t$2 yet no "o c be m impressive ?an he is :5 he surr5d]s himself to ! pure _s ( poetry1 & fl[s onw>d 9 a /ream ( glori\s music1 su* z t 9 :i* ,balau/ion pictures ,a!ns ov]:elm$ by an advance ( ! sea 7,ari/ophanes' ,apology1 p4 #b74 7,*apt]s on ,engli% ,metre1 #b;d ed41 pp4 #baf1 #bag47 ,b ! maje/ic riv] float$ on1 ,out ( ! mi/ & hum ( t l[ l&1 ,into ! fro/y />light1 & !re mov'd1 ,rejoic+1 ?r\gh ! hu%'d ,*orasmian wa/e1 ,"u ! solit>y moon3 he fl['d ,"r = ! ,pol> ,/>1 pa/ ,orgunje1 ,brimm+1 & bright1 & l>ge3 !n s&s beg9 ,to hem 8 wat]y m>*1 & dam 8 /reams1 ,& split 8 curr5ts2 t = _m a league ,! %orn & p>cell'd ,oxus /ra9s along ,?r\gh b$s ( s& & matt$ ru%y isles-- ,oxus1 =gett+ ! bright spe$ he _h ,9 8 high m\nta9 cradle 9 ,pam]e1 ,a foil'd1 circuit\s w&]]3--till at la/ ,! long'd-= da% ( waves is he>d1 & wide ,8 lum9\s home ( wat]s op5s1 bright ,& tranquil1 f ^: floor ! new-ba?'d />s ,em]ge1 & %9e ^u ! ,aral ,sea4 7,,mat!w ,,arnold3 ,sohrab & ,ru/um4 #ahec47 ,"h is ! place3 b read x l[ & sweet4 ,put out ! lamp6 --,! glimm]+ page is cle>4 ,n[ on t day x *anc$ t ,launcelot1 ,?9k+ to f9d ! ,k+1 f\nd ,gu5ev]e ,alone2 & :5 he saw h] :om he lov$1 ,:om he _h met too late1 yet lov$ ! m2 ,su* 0 ! tumult at 8 he>t t he ,c\ld speak n1 = h] husb& 0 8 fri5d1 ,8 de> famili> fri5d3 & !y two held ,no secret f ea* o!r until n[2 ,b 7 l bro!rs born--my voice breaks (f4 ,read y a little on4 --,& ,gu5ev]e1 ,turn+1 beheld him sudd5ly :om %e ,lov$ 9 h] ?\ght1 & ev5 f t h\r ,:5 fir/ %e saw him2 = by day1 by night1 ,?\gh ly+ by h] husb&'s side1 did %e ,we>y = ,launcelot1 & knew full well ,h[ ill t love1 & yet t love h[ deep6 ,i _c see--! page is dim3 read y4 --,n[ !y two 7 alone1 yet c\ld n speak2 ,b he>d ! beat+ ( ea* o!r's he>ts4 ,he knew himself a traitor b to /ay1 ,yet c\ld n /ir3 %e pale & yet m pale ,grew till %e c\ld no m1 b smil$ on him4 ,!n :5 he saw t wi%$ smile1 he came ,ne> to h] & /ill ne>1 & trembl$2 !n ,h] lips all trembl+ kiss$4 --,ah1 ,launcelot6 7,,/eph5 ,,phillips3 ,paolo & ,francesca1 ,,iii4 iii4 #aija47 ,! blank v]se ( ,/eph5 ,phillips is ! mo/ important--"o may say p]haps ! only important--t has be5 writt5 s9ce ,t5nyson's2 & x is ( especial int]e/ z =m+ an actual revival ( ! =m on ! ,engli% /age4 ,aside f ! dramas1 x is se5 at its be/ 9 ,m>pessa4 ,imitat+ ,milton1 & at ! same "t h&l+ ! measure ) orig9al =ce1 ,mr4 ,phillips introduces unusual cad5ces1 = :i* he has be5 sev]ely reproa*$ by ! critics4 ,su* l9es z ! foll[+ are typical ( ^! v>iations f ! normal rhy?m3 ,o all fre% out ( beautiful sunlight4 ,agamemnon b[$ ov]1 & f 8 :eel4 ,& to dispel %ad[s & %ad[y fe>4 ,my bloom fad$1 & wan+ light ( eyes4 ,= a criticism ( ,mr4 ,phillips's v]se1 see ,mr4 ,william ,ar*]'s ,poets ( ! ,y\ng] ,g5]ation1 pp4 #cac-cbg4 ,,footnotes3 #ai ,"o may easily f9d o!r in/ances ( ! sporadic appe>ance ( ! same measure 9 ! mid/ ( irregul> long l9es or r\gh alex&r9es & sept5>ies4 ,comp>e1 = example1 ! foll[+1 f e>ly plays 9 ,manly's ,specim5s ( ! ,pre-,%aksp]ean ,drama3 ,to be alone1 nor v conv5y5t4 ,ye %all n t\*e yt1 = t ,i =b$e4 ,b ye %uld be z godes resyd5t4 ,& _m a *aumbyr ?\ xalt h !r9ne4 ,9 ?is flood spylt is _m a mannys blood4 ,!r=e be we n[ ca/ 9 ryght grett c>e4 ,! context ( _m ( ^! l9es %[s t !y 7 int5d$ to be read z f\r-/ress r ?an five-/ress2 b su* examples s]ve to make cle> h[ easily ,engli% rhy?m w\ld fall into ! decasyllabic l9e4 #bj ,see also an acc\nt ( ,z>ncke's monograph 7#ahfe7 ,ueb] d5 fnffussig] ,iambus1 9 ,mayor's ,*apt]s on ,engli% ,metre1 ,po/script4 #ba ,see ! entire ,preface 9 ,*alm]s's ,engli% ,poets1 vol4 viii4 p4 #cb1 & 9 ! ,app5dix to ,gosse's ,f ,%akespe>e to ,pope4 ,= an analysis ( ,wall]'s v]se ) ref]5ce to ?is ,preface1 see ,a ,note ^u ,wall]'s ,di/i*1 by ,h4 ,c4 ,bee*+1 9 ! ,furnivall ,miscellany 7#aija71 p4 #d4 #bb ,beaumont's own v]se is ( no little int]e/1 & ,mr4 ,gosse1 9 a rec5t lett] to ! pres5t editor1 obs]ves t he f9ds 9 ,beaumont1 f> m def9itely ?an 9 ,george ,s&ys1 ! pr9cipal precursor ( ,wall]4 #bc ,see also ! v]ses ( ,oliv] ,w5dell ,holmes on ,! ,/rong ,h]oic ,l9e 79 ,/$man's ,am]ican ,an?ology1 p4 #afa71 :]e he says3 ,nor let ! rhyme/] ( ! h\r d]ide ,! /raight-back$ measure ) its /ately /ride3 ,x gave ! mighty voice ( ,dryd5 scope2 ,x %ea!d ! /eel-bright epigrams ( ,pope2 ,9 ,goldsmi?'s v]se x le>n$ a sweet] /ra92 ,byron & ,campbell wore its clank+ *a92 ,i smile to li/5 :ile ! critic's scorn ,fl\ts ! pr\d purple k+s h nobly worn4 #bd ,on ! v]se ( ,keats 9 g5]al1 see ! rem>ks ( ,mr4 ,rob]t ,bridges 9 8 ,introduction to ! ,muses' ,libr>y edition ( ,keats4 #be ,on ,%elley's metres1 see ,mayor's ,*apt]s on ,engli% ,metre1 #b;d ed41 *ap4 xiv4 #bf ,on ! v]se ( ,surrey 9 g5]al1 see ,w4 ,j4 ,c\r?ope1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,poetry1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #ib-if4 ,mr4 ,c\r?ope speaks highly ( ,surrey z a metri/1 9 p>ticul> attribut+ to him c]ta9 re=ms 9 ! h&l+ ( ,engli% v]se3 ! attempt to use five p]fect iambic feet to ! l9e1 ! h>moni\s plac+ ( ! cesura1 ! avoidance ( rime on weak syllables1 ! pres]vation ( ! acc5t on ! ev5-numb]$ syllables4 7,to "s ( ^! re=ms1 z has be5 indicat$1 !re are n a few exceptions47 ,9 l mann] t5 ,br9k obs]ves t ,surrey is m successful ?an ,wyatt 9 adapt+ =eign rules to ! rhy?mical acc5t ( ! ,engli% language1 & ?us he is 9 reality ! f\nd] ( ! ,new-,engli% metrical sy/em4 7,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,k5n$y trans41 vol4 iii4 p4 #bdc47 ,on ! blank v]se ( ,surrey1 see also an article by ,pr(4 ,o4 ,j4 ,em]son1 9 ,mod]n ,language ,notes1 vol4 iv4 col4 #dff1 & ,mayor's ,*apt]s on ,engli% ,metre1 #b;d ed41 *ap4 x4 #bg ,! edition ( #afaf has3 ,"o drop ( blood w save me3 ,o my ,*ri/6 ,r5d n my he>t = nam+ ( my ,*ri/6 & omits ! prec$+ l9e4 7,see ,bull5 ed41 vol4 i4 pp4 #bgi1 #bhj47 #bh ,on ,m>l[e's v]se see also ,mayor's ,*apt]s on ,engli% ,metre1 #b;d ed41 *ap4 x4 #bi ,on ! te*nical problems ( ,%aksp]e's v]se1 see ,fleay's ,%aksp]e ,manual2 ,abbott's ,%akespe>ean ,gramm>2 ,g4 ,br[ne's ,notes on ,%aksp]e's ,v]sification2 & ,mayor's ,*apt]s on ,engli% ,metre4 #cj ,9 a play ( #bejj l9es ,mass+] might possibly h z _m z #abjj d\ble or triple end+s1 ,%aksp]e 9 8 la/ p]iod might h z _m z #hej1 :ile ,flet*] w\ld normally h at lea/ #agjj1 & might n improbably give z _m z #bjjj4 7,g4 ,c4 ,macaulay1 9 ,francis ,beaumont1 pp4 #dc1 #dd4 ,see ! entire passage on ,flet*]'s metre z a te/ ( au?or%ip4 ,mr4 ,macaulay also rem>ks int]e/+ly t ,flet*]'s metrical /yle is an outgr[? ( 8 g5]al use ( ! loose or disjo9t$1 z oppos$ to ! p]iodic or r\nd$1 /yle ( spee*4 ,to ?is ,%aksp]e work$ 8 way sl[ly1 :ile ,flet*] seems to h at once & naturally adopt$ x47 ,see also ,fleay's ,%akespe>e ,manual1 p4 #aec4 #ca ,on ,mass+]'s v]se see also ,fleay's ,%akespe>e ,manual1 p4 #aed4 #cb ,on ,milton's v]se1 see1 besides ! entire ?ird essay 9 ,mr4 ,symonds's book1 ,masson's edition ( ,milton1 vol4 iii4 pp4 #ajg-acc2 ,rob]t ,bridges's ,milton's ,prosody2 ,mayor's ,*apt]s on ,engli% ,metre1 #b;d ed41 pp4 #ga-gg & #if-aje2 *apt] xii4 ( ,corson's ,prim] ( ,engli% ,v]se2 & a passage 9 ,de ,qu9cey's essay on ,milton v4 ,s\!y & ,l&or1 9 8 works1 ed4 ,masson1 vol4 xi4 pp4 #dfc ff4 ,says ,de ,qu9cey3 ,y might z well tax ,moz>t ) h>%ness 9 ! div9e/ passages ( ,don ,giovanni z ,milton ) any su* (f5ce aga9/ metrical sci5ce4 ,be assur$ x is y\rself t d n read ) und]/&+1 n ,milton t by possibility c be f\nd deaf to ! dem&s ( p]fect h>mony4 #cc ,a>on ,hill 7#afhe-agej71 an admir] ( ,?omson1 wrote a ,poem 9 ,praise ( ,blank ,v]se1 op5+3 ,up f ,rhyme's poppi$ vale6 & ride ! /orm ,t ?und]s 9 blank v]se6 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re 7 n want+ prote/ants aga9/ ! =m1 l ,dr4 ,johnson & ,goldsmi? 7see above1 p4 #bje74 ,rob]t ,lloyd 7#agcc-agfd7 wrote3 ,"s ,milton-mad 7an affectation ,glean'd up f college-education7 ,approve no v]se1 b t :i* fl[s ,9 epi!tic measur'd prose2444 ! metre :i* !y call ,blank1 classic blank1 _! all 9 all4 7,quot$ 9 ,p]ry's ,engli% ,lit]ature 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury1 p4 #che47 #cd ,on its analysis1 see ,mayor's ,*apt]s on ,engli% ,metre1 #b;d ed41 *ap4 xiii4 ,,iii4 ,,six-,,/ress ,,& ,,sev5-,,/ress ,,v]se ,a4--,,! ,,alex&r9e 7,,iambic ,,hexamet]7 ,! alex&r9e 0 introduc$ into ,engli% f ,fr5* v]se1 z e>ly 7accord+ to ,s*ipp]7 z ! e>ly "p ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,e>ly poems 9 ?is metre alone1 h[ev]1 are almo/ :olly want+1 if !y ev] exi/$4 ,! e>ly alex&r9es usually appe> 9 conjunction ) ! sept5>y 7sev5-/ress v]se74 ,! ,fr5* alex&r9e has almo/ always be5 *>act]iz$ by a regul> & /rongly m>k$ m$ial cesura1 & ?is v commonly appe>s 9 ! ,engli% =m1 b by no means univ]sally4 ,! ,fr5* alex&r9e is ( unc]ta9 orig94 ,kawczynski w\ld trace x to ! classical ,asclepiadean v]se1 z 9 ,mc5as atavis edite regibus1 :i* at lea/ has ! requisite numb] ( syllables4 ,x appe>$ 9 ,france z e>ly z ! fir/ "p ( ! twelf? c5tury1 & 9 f\r-l9e /anzas 0 ! favorite = didactic poetry z late z ! beg9n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury2 o!rwise1 9 ! close ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 x 0 supplant$ by ! decasyllabic4 ,9 ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury x aga9 won prec$5ce ov] ! decasyllabic--9 "p ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ,rons>d--& is ( c\rse ! /&>d measure ( mod]n ,fr5* poetry4 ,! "n alex&r9e seems to h be5 appli$ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 f ! famili> use ( ! measure 9 ! ,alex&] romance4 ,! e>lie/ kn[n m5tion ( ! t]m is 9 ,h]5c's ,doctr9al de la secunde ,retorique4 7,see ,/5gel's article 9 ,grb]'s ,grundriss d] ,romanis*5 ,philologie1 f :i* ^! /atem5ts are tak547 ,! ,fr5* alex&r9e is 9 a s5se a q diff]5t measure f ! ,engli% =m4 ,acc5t is an elem5t ( s comp>atively slight importance 9 ! ,fr5* language & ,fr5* rhy?m1 t its place seems p>tly to be fill$ by regul>ity ( cesural pause & regul>ity 9 ! c\nt+ ( syllables4 ,! ,fr5* alex&r9e1 !re=e1 may (t5 be describ$ z a v]se ( twelve syllables1 divid$ into two equal p>ts by a pause1 ) m>k$ acc5ts on ! six? & twelf? syllables1 b ) ! o!r acc5ts irregul>ly dispos$4 ,(t5 x seems to an ,engli% read] to h an anape/ic effect1 & to be be/ describ$ z anape/ic tetramet]4 ,9 ,engli%1 h[ev]1 :ile ! regul>ity 9 ! numb] ( syllables is foll[$1 & v commonly ! m$ial pause1 !re is also obs]v$ ! regul>ity ( alt]nate acc5ts :i* gives ! v]se ! *>act]i/ic =m indicat$ by ! t]m six-/ress4 ',ye nut5 hwat ye bidde1 at ( gode nabbe imone2 = al eure bileve is on /okke oer on /one3 ac eo1 at god ikn[e1 heo wyt5 myd iwisse1 at hele is icume to monne ( folke judaysse4' ',lov]d1' heo seyde1 'nu quidde m51 at cum5 is ,messyas1 e k+1 at wur & nuen is & ev] yete 04 hw5ne he cume1 he wyle u alle ryhtle*e2 = he nule ne he ne con n5ne mon bipe*e4' 7,de ,muli]e ,sam>itana1 ll4 #ea-eh4 ,9 ,morris's ,old ,engli% ,miscellany1 p4 #hd2 & ,zupitza's ,alt- und ,mittel5glis*es bungsbu*1 p4 #hc4 ab4 #abej47 ,?is e>ly poem illu/rates ! irregul> use ( alex&r9es ne> ! "t ( _! introduction into ,engli%4 ,! poem op5s ) a sept5>y-- ,?o ,iesu ,cri/ an eor! 01 mylde w]5 8 d$e2 & sept5>ies & alex&r9es are us$ int]*angeably4 ,dr4 ,triggs says1 9 8 notes on ! poem 9 ,mc,lean's edition ( ,zupitza's bungsbu*1 t l9es #e1 #f1 #i-ah1 #be-bh1 #ci1 #dj1 #dc1 #dd1 #di-ed1 #eg1 #eh1 #fc1 #fd1 #ff1 #fg1 #gj-gb1 #gd1 #ge are alex&r9es4 7,introduction1 p4 lxii47 ,! ,engli% t5d5cy t[>d indiff]5ce to regul>ity 9 ! c\nt+ ( syllables is also noticeable4 ,9 ! same way ! e>ly poem call$ ,! ,passion ( our ,"l 7ed4 ,morris1 ,e4,e4,t4,s4 xlix4 #cg71 :i* is ?\ght f ! head+--,ici cum5ce la passyun ihesu cri/ en engleys--to be a translation f ! ,fr5*1 %[s a prepond]ance ( alex&r9es1 al?\gh x op5s 9 sept5>y4 ,see also su* poems z ! ,dea?1 ,doomsday1 etc41 9 ! ,old ,engli% ,miscellany4 ,! alex&r9e 0 easily confus$ by ! ,middle ,engli% writ]s1 n only ) ! sept5>y1 b ) ! native long l9e1 & x is (t5 difficult to say j :at rhy?m 0 9 ! writ]'s m9d4 ,?us a l9e l ,be /ille1 leve so/]1 ?9 h]te ! to-breke1 f ! ,judas1 may be reg>d$ ei!r z an alex&r9e or a long f\r-/ress l9e4 ,9 ,we/sex 0 an a kyng1 8 "n 0 ,sir ,ine4 ,:an he wi/ ( ! ,bretons1 ( w]re ne wild he f9e4 ,mess5g]s he s5t ?orgh\t ,+lond ,unto e ,+lis kynges1 at _h x 9 er hond1 ,& teld h[ e ,bretons1 m5 ( mykelle myght1 e lond wild wynne ageyn orh =ce & fyght4 ,ha/isly ilkone e kynges com fulle suy!1 ,bolde m5 & /\te1 er h>d9esse to kie4 ,9 a grete ,daneis felde er ei samn$ alle1 at ev] sien hid]w>d ,kamp$5e m5 kalle4 7,,rob]t ,,mann+ ( ,brunne3 ,*ronicle ( ,pet] de ,langt(t4 ,he>ne ed41 vol4 i4 p4 #b4 ab4 #acbe47 ,?is poem is "o ( ! v few repres5tatives ( di/9ctly alex&r9e v]se 9 ,middle ,engli%4 ,! orig9al poem be+ 9 alex&r9es1 ,mann+ foll[$ x closely4 ,9 ! fir/ "p1 h[ev]1 he put rimes only at ! ends ( ! v]ses1 :]eas lat] he introduc$ int]nal rime1 ?us resolv+ ! v]se into %ort l9es ( ?ree /resses4 ,s*ipp] obs]ves t ! f\r foll[+ l9es are ea* repres5tative ( a famili> type ( ! ,fr5* alex&r9e3 ,mess5g]s he s5t orgh\t ,+lond ,unto ! ,+lis kynges1 at _h x 9 er hond4 ,aft] ,e!lb]t com ,elfri? 8 broer1 at 0 ,egbrihtes sonne & ghx er 0 an oer4 7,englis*e ,metrik1 vol4 i4 p4 #beb47 ,! s-call$ ,leg5d-,cycle is also m>k$ by a sort ( alex&r9e c\plet4 7,see t5 ,br9k's ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,k5n$y trans41 vol4 i4 p4 #bgd47 ,o6 ?9k ,i1 _h ,i w+s l to ! simple dove1 ,?is p]il might ,i fly1 & seek "s place ( re/ ,9 wild] woods1 :]e ,i might dwell f> f ^! c>es4 ,:at spe$y way ( w+ my pla9ts %\ld !y lay on1 ,to 'scape ! /ormy bla/ t ?reat5$ is to me8 ,re9 ^? unbridl$ tongues6 break t conjur$ league6 ,= ,i deciph]'d h amid our t[n ! /rife4 7,,e>l ,,( ,,surrey3 ,psalm4 ,,lv4 ab4 #aedj47 ,?is is a n v successful exp]im5t 9 unrim$ alex&r9es4 ,o!rs ( ,surrey's ,psalms are 9 rim$ ,p\lt]'s ,measure 7alex&r9es alt]nat+ ) sept5>y74 ,o1 let me brea! a :ile1 & hold ?y heavy h&1 ,my griev\s faults ) ,%ame en\gh ,i und]/&4 ,take ru? & pity on my pla9t1 or else ,i am =lorn2 ,let n ! _w cont9ue ?us 9 laugh+ me to scorn4 ,madam1 if ,i be he1 to :om y once 7 b5t1 ,) :om to sp5d y\r "t sometime y 7 cont5t3 ,if any hope be left1 if any recomp5se ,be able to recov] ?is =epass$ neglig5ce1 ,o1 help me n[1 poor wret*1 9 ?is mo/ heavy plight1 ,& furni% me yet once aga9 ) ,t$i\sness to fight4 7,! ,m>riage ( ,wit & ,sci5ce1 ,v4 ii41 9 ,dodsley's ,old ,engli% ,plays1 ed4 ,hazlitt1 vol4 ii4 p4 #chf4 ab4 #aegj47 ,9 ?is play ! alex&r9e is ! dom9ant measure1 ?\gh m+l$ ) occasional sept5>ies /ill4 7,see ,s*ipp]1 vol4 i4 p4 #bef47 ,:ile favor f$ my hope1 delight ) hope 0 br\ght1 ,?\ght wait$ on delight1 & spee* did foll[ ?\ght2 ,!n grew my tongue & p5 records unto ?y glory1 ,i ?\ght all words 7 lo/ t 7 n sp5t ( !e1 ,i ?\ght ea* place 0 d>k b :]e ?y lights w\ld be1 ,& all e>s worse ?an deaf t he>d n out ?y /ory4 7,,sidney3 ,a/rophel & ,/ella1 ,fif? ,song4 ,9 /anzas aabccb4 ab4 #aehj47 ,see also ,sidney's sonnet 9 alex&r9es1 p4 #bgb1 bel[4 ,( ,albion's glori\s isle ! wond]s :il/ ,i write1 ,! sundry v>y+ soils1 ! pleasures inf9ite1 7,:]e heat kills n ! cold1 nor cold expels ! heat1 ,! calms too mildly small1 nor w9ds too r\ghly great1 ,nor night do? h9d] day1 nor day ! night do? wrong1 ,! summ] n too %ort1 ! w9t] n too long7 ,:at help %all ,i invoke to aid my ,muse ! :ile8 ,?\ ,g5ius ( ! place 7?is mo/ r5[n$ isle7 ,:i* liv$/ long be=e ! all-e>?-dr[n+ flood1 ,:il/ yet ! _w did sw>m ) h] gigantic brood1 ,g ?\ be=e me /ill ?y circl+ %ores ab\t1 ,& 9 ?is w&'r+ maze help to conduct me out4 7,,drayton3 ,polyolbion1 ll4 #a-ab4 #afac47 ,?is is by all odds ! longe/ ,mod]n ,engli% poem 9 alex&r9es1 & :ile ! v]se is (t5 agreeable1 x illu/rates ! unfitness ( ! measure--to ,engli% e>s--= long1 cont9u\s poems4 ,! dew 0 fall+ fa/1 ! />s began to bl9k2 ,i he>d a voice2 x said1 ,dr9k1 pretty creature1 dr9k6 ,& look+ o'er ! h$ge1 be=e me ,i espi$ ,a sn[-:ite m\nta9-lamb ) a ,maid5 at its side4 7,,wordswor?3 ,! ,pet ,lamb4 #ahjj47 ,if hung]1 prov]bs say1 allures ! wolf f wood1 ,mu* m ! bird mu/ d>e a da% at some?+ good3 ,mu/ snat* up1 be> away 9 beak1 ! trifle-treasure ,to wood & wild1 & !n--,o h[ enjoy at leisure6 ,0 nev] tree-built ne/1 y climb$ & took1 ( bird1 7,r>e city-visitant1 talk$ (1 sc>ce se5 or he>d17 ,b1 :5 y w\ld dissect ! /ructure1 piece by piece1 ,y f\nd1 enwrea!d amid ! c\ntry-product--fleece ,& fea!r1 ?i/le-fluffs & be>d$ w9dle/raws-- ,"s %r$ ( =eign silk1 unravell+ ( gauze1 ,bit1 maybe1 ( brocade1 mid fur & bl[-bell-d[n3 ,fil*$ pla9ly f mank9d1 de> tribute paid by t[n1 ,:i* prov$ h[ (t ! bird _h pluck$ up he>t ( grace1 ,swoop$ d[n at waif & /ray1 made furtively our place ,pay tax & toll1 !n borne ! booty to enri* ,h] p>adise i' ! wa/e2 ! h[ & :y ( :i*1 ,t is ! secret1 !re ! my/]y t /+s6 7,,br[n+3 ,fif9e at ! ,fair1 ix4 #ahgb47 ,br[n+ has made ( ! alex&r9e 9 ?is poem an almo/ new measure1 h>dly m l ! alex&r9e c\plet ( e>li] days ?an ! measure ( ,sordello is l ! h]oic c\plet prop]4 ,9 g5]al1 ! mod]n use ( ! alex&r9e is *>act]iz$ by increas$ fre$om 9 ! plac+ ( ! cesura4 ,x is also di/+ui%$ f ! e>ly ,fr5* & ,middle ,engli% =ms by ! fact t ! cesura & ! end+ are commonly mascul9e4 ,by f> ! mo/ frequ5t use ( ! alex&r9e 9 ,engli% poetry is z a v>iant f ! five-/ress l9e4 ,= in/ances ( ?is1 see ! section on ! ,sp5s]ian /anza1 pp4 #ajb-ajh1 above1 & ,corson's *apt]s on ! ,sp5s]ian /anza & its influ5ce1 9 8 ,prim] ( ,engli% ,v]se4 ,9 connection ) ,dryd5's use ( ! alex&r9e z a v>iant f ! h]oic c\plet1 ,mr4 ,sa9tsbury makes "s int]e/+ obs]vations on ! measure3 ,! metre1 ?\gh a well-kn[n ,engli% critic has maltreat$ x ( late1 is a v f9e "o2 & "s ( ,dryd5's own l9es are unmat*$ examples ( t 'en]gy div9e' :i* has be5 attribut$ to him4 ,9 an essay on ! alex&r9e 9 ,engli% poetry1 :i* yet rema9s to be writt51 & :i* w\ld be n ! lea/ valuable ( contributions to poetical criticism1 ?is use ( ! v]se w\ld h to be consid]$1 z well z its regul> recurr5t employm5t at ! close ( ! ,sp5s]ian /anza1 & its cont9u\s use4444 ,an exam9ation ( ! ,polyolbion & ( ,fif9e at ! ,fair1 side by side1 w\ld1 ,i ?9k1 reveal capacities1 some:at unexpect$ ev5 9 ?is =m ( arrangem5t4 ,b s f> z ! occasional alex&r9e is conc]n$1 x is n a hyp]bole to say t a numb]1 out ( all proportion1 ( ! be/ l9es 9 ,engli% poetry may be f\nd 9 ! clos+ v]ses ( ! ,sp5s]ian /ave z us$ by ,sp5s] himself1 by ,%elley1 & by ! pres5t ,laureate1 & 9 ! occasional alex&r9es ( ,dryd54 ,! only ?+ to be said aga9/ ?is latt] use is1 t x dem&s a v skilful e> & h& to adju/ ! cad5ce4 7,life ( ,dryd51 9 ,m5 ( ,lett]s ,s]ies1 pp4 #agb1 #agc47 ,b4--,,! ,,sept5>y ,! sept5>y1 or sev5-/ress v]se 7sometimes call$ ! sept5>ius1 f ! ,lat9 =m ( ! ^w7 0 a famili> measure ( m$ival ,lat9 poetry4 ,!re x 0 m commonly tro*aic ?an iambic1 z 9 ! fam\s dr9k+ song ( ! ,goli>ds3 ,meum e/ propositum 9 tab]na mori3 ,v9um sit appositum mori5tis ori1 ,ut dicant cum v5]9t angelorum *ori1 ',deus sit propitius huic potatori6' 7,see ! ,confessio ,goliae1 9 ,lat9 ,poems attribut$ to ,walt] ,mapes1 ed4 ,wright1 p4 #ga47 ,ano!r =m ( ! measure is illu/rat$ by "s v]ses quot$ by ,s*ipp]3 ,=tunae rota volvitur1 desc5do m9oratus1 ,alt] 9 altum tollitur1 nimis exaltatus4 ,9 ,engli%1 naturally en\gh1 ! measure always t5d$ to be iambic4 ,9 bo? ,lat9 & ,engli% !re 0 consid]able fre$om z to ! numb] ( light syllables4 ,x w be notic$ t 9 ! specim5s j quot$ f ! ,lat9 !re is rime n only betwe5 ! ends ( ! v]ses b betwe5 ! syllables j prec$+ ! cesura4 ,:]e ?is 0 ! case !re 0 a t5d5cy t[>d ! break+ up ( ! v]se into a quatra9 ( v]ses 9 f\r & ?ree /resses1 rim+ abab2 su* sept5>ies1 inde$1 7 writt5 at pleasure ei!r 9 c\plets or quatra9s4 ,we %all see ! same ph5om5a 9 ! ,engli% =ms ( ! measure4 ,b ! sev5-/ress rhy?m is n easily lo/ or mi/ak51 9 :atev] =m x appe>s1 & has a c]ta9 *>m :i* at "o "t appeal$ v widely to metrical ta/e4 ,! e>lie/ appe>ance ( ! sept5>y 9 ,engli% is 9 ! ,poema ,morale1 dat$ ab\t #aagj by ,zupitza1 by o!rs some:at lat]4 ,= a specim5 ( ?is1 see p4 #abg1 above4 ,"h !re is only end-rime1 & ! individuality ( ! long l9e is well pres]v$4 ,!re is "s fre$om1 h[ev]1 z to ! numb] ( light syllables1 & "s v>iation betwe5 ! iambic & tro*aic rhy?m4 ,bless$ beo ?u1 lav$i1 ful ( hov5e blisse1 ,swete flur ( p>ais1 mod] ( milt5isse2 ,?u praye ,jhesu ,cri/ ?i sone t he me i-wisse1 ,?>e a londe al swo ihc beo1 t he me ne i-misse4 7,hymn to ! ,virg91 9 ,mtzn]'s ,alt5glis*e ,spra*prob51 vol4 i4 p4 #ed47 ,mtzn] pr9ts ?is poem 9 %ort l9es ( f\r & ?ree /resses1 ! cesura mak+ su* a division natural en\gh4 ,! next specim5 is also frequ5tly pr9t$ ) ! same division4 iss boc iss nemmn$d ,orrmulum1 =r i att ,orrm itt wrohhte1 annd itt iss wrohht (f quarigan1 (f goddspellbokess f[wre1 (f quarigan ,amm9adab1 (f ,cri/ess goddspellbokess2 =r ,cri/ maghgh urh ,amm9adab rihht full wel b5 bitacn$d2 =r ,cri/ toc d o rodetre all wi hiss fulle wille2 annd =ri att ,amm9adab o lat9 sp*e iss nemmn$d o lat9 boc spontaneus annd onn ennglis%e sp*e att weppmann1 att summ d$e d wi all hiss fulle wille1 =i maghgh ,cri/ full wel b5 urrh ,amm9adab bitacn$d4 7,! ,ormulum1 ll4 #a-i4 ab4 #abjj47 ,9 ?is specim5 we h ! sept5>y )\t rime1 a r>e =m4 ,orm's sept5>ies are also ! mo/ regul> ( ! ,middle ,engli% p]iod1 pres]v+ an almo/ pa9ful accuracy ?r\gh\t ! #bj1jjj extant l9es ( ! poem4 ,9 g5]al ! measure appe>s 9 ?is p]iod 9 comb9ation ) alex&r9es & o!r measures1 & ) mu* irregul>ity4 ,l ! alex&r9e1 x 0 sometimes confus$ ) ! long f\r-/ress l9e4 ,9 ! well-kn[n poem call$ ,a ,little ,so? ,s]mun ! fir/ l9e is an unque/ionable sept5>y 7,h]kne? alle gode m5 & /ylle sitte? a-dun71 b pres5tly we f9d v]se ( six /resses1 & ev5 %ort f\r-/ress c\plets4 ,torne we aghen 9 t\r sawes1 & speke we atte frome ( erld ,olyv] & 8 felawes1 at ,s>azyns habbe ynome4 e ,s>azyns pryka fa/e away1 z h>de z ay may hye1 & l$e wi hym5 at ri*e pray1 e fl\r ( *yvalrye4 7,sir ,fyrumbras1 ll4 #aajd-aajg4 ,9 ,zupitza',s ,alt- und ,mittel5glis*es bungsbu*1 p4 #ajg4 ab4 #achj47 ,9 ?is specim5--f a popul> romance--we h ! use ( cesural rime z well z end-rime1 j z 9 ! ,lat9 specim5s cit$ above4 ,i tell ( ?+s done long ago1 ,( _m ?+s 9 few3 ,& *iefly ( ?is clime ( ours ,! accid5ts pursue4 ,?\ high director ( ! same1 ,assi/ m9e artless p51 ,to write ! ge/s ( ,britons /\t1 ,& acts ( ,engli% m54 7,,william ,,w>n]3 ,albion's ,engl&1 ll4 #a-h4 #aehf47 ,"h we h ! measure 9 its resolv$ or divid$ =m1 pr9t$ z %ort f\r-/ress & ?ree-/ress l9es1 al?\gh ) rime only at ! sev5? /ress4 ,comp>e ! common metre ( mod]n hymns3 ,mu/ ,i be c>ri$ to ! skies ,on fl[]y b$s ( ease1 ,:ile o!rs f\ght to w9 ! prize ,& sail$ ?r\gh bloody seas8 ,z :5 ab\t ! silv] moon1 :5 air is free f w9d1 ,& />s %9e cle>1 to ^: sweet beams1 high prospects1 & ! br[s ,( all /eep hills & p9nacles1 ?ru/ up !mselves = %[s1 ,& ev5 ! l[ly valleys joy to glitt] 9 _! sight1 ,:5 ! unmeasur$ firmam5t bur/s to disclose h] light1 ,& all ! signs 9 heav5 are se51 t glad ! %eph]d's he>t2 ,s _m fires disclos$ _! beams1 made by ! ,trojan "p1 ,be=e ! face ( ,ilion1 & h] bright turrets %['d4 ,a ?\s& c\rts ( gu>d kept fires1 & e gu>d all['d ,fifty /\t m51 by :om _! horse eat oats & h>d :ite corn1 ,& all did wi%fully expect ! silv]-?ron$ morn4 7,,*apman3 ,iliad1 book ,,viii4 #afaj47 ,*apman's translation ( ,iliad is ! longe/ mod]n ,engli% poem 9 sept5>ies4 ,pr(essor ,newman1 h[ev] 7^: translation gave rise to ,mat!w ,arnold's lectures ,on ,translat+ ,hom]71 us$ ! same measure unrim$ & ) fem99e end+s2 ?us1-- ,he spake1 & yell+1 held afront ! s+le-ho($ horses4 ,arnold object$ to ,*apman's measure t x has a jogg+ rapidity r ?an a fl[+ rapidity1 & a movem5t famili> r ?an nobly easy4 ,rejoice1 oh1 ,engli% he>ts1 rejoice6 rejoice1 oh1 lov]s de>6 ,rejoice1 oh1 city1 t[n & c\ntry6 rejoice1 eke e %ire6 ,= n[ ! fragrant fl[]s d spr+ & spr\t 9 seemly sort1 ,! little birds d sit & s+1 ! lambs d make f9e sport2 ,& n[ ! bir*5-tree do? bud1 t makes ! s*oolboy cry2 ,! morris r+s1 :ile hobby-horse do? foot x feate\sly2 ,! lords & ladies n[ abroad1 = _! disport & play1 ,d kiss sometimes ^u ! grass1 & sometimes 9 ! hay4 7,,beaumont3 ,! ,knight ( ! ,burn+ ,pe/le1 ,,iv4 v4 ab4 #afaj47 ,"h ! sept5>y is introduc$ 9 ! ,may-day song ( ,ralph1 ! ,london appr5tice1 d\btless because ( its popul>ity = su* unlit]>y v]se4 ,9 som]1 :5 ! %awes be %eyne1 ,& leves be l>ge & long1 ,hit is full m]y 9 feyre =e/e ,to "h ! f\lys song4 7,ballad ( ,rob9 ,hood & ! ,monk1 9 ,gumm]e's ,engli% ,ballads1 p4 #gg47 ,x is an anci5t ,m>9]1 ,& he /oppe? "o ( ?ree4 ,by ?y long grey be>d & glitt]+ eye1 ,n[ :]e=e /opp'/ ?\ me8 444 444 ,he praye? be/1 :o love? be/ ,all ?+s bo? great & small2 ,= ! de> ,god :o love? u1 ,he made & love? all4 7,,col]idge3 ,! ,anci5t ,m>9]1 ll4 #a-d1 #fad-fag4 #agih47 ,^! specim5s %[ ! ballad /anza1 :i* is made ( a sort ( sept5>y resolv$ into %ort l9es ( f\r & ?ree acc5ts4 ,x is (t5 assum$ t ! measure 0 d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 sept5>y2 b ow+ to ! difficulty ( suppos+ t a =eign metre %\ld h be5 adopt$ = ! mo/ popul> ( all =ms ( poetry1 "s s*ol>s pref] to ?9k t ! ballad /anza ( ?is =m is ! same z t 9 :i* all l9es h f\r acc5ts 7see specim5 on p4 #aeg1 above71 ! la/ acc5t ( ! second & f\r? l9es hav+ dropp$ (f by natural processes4 ,on ! ballad /anzas 9 g5]al1 see ,gumm]e's ,engli% ,ballads1 ,app5dix ,,ii4 p4 #cjc4 ,comp>e ) ! pres5t specim5s ! metre ( ,c[p]'s ,john ,gilp94 ,t cross he n[ 0 fa/5+ !re1 z ! sure/ p[] & be/ ,= supply+ all defici5cies1 all wants ( ! rude ne/ ,9 :i*1 f burn+ heat1 or tempe/ driv+ f> & wide1 ,! innoc5t boy1 else %elt]less1 8 lonely head mu/ hide4 7,,wordswor?3 ,! ,norman ,boy4 #ahdb47 ,?is is a r>e in/ance ( ! use ( ! long sept5>y 9 n9ete5?-c5tury poetry4 ,c]ta9ly 9 ,wordswor?'s v]ses ! metrical effect _c be call$ happy2 ! measure is made especially clumsy by ! introduction ( hyp]metrical light syllables4 ,9 ! succe$+ specim5 ! same measure is us$ ) fem99e end+4 ,o poets1 f a maniac's tongue 0 p\r$ ! dea?less s++6 ,o ,*ri/ians1 at y\r cross ( hope a hopeless h& 0 cl++6 ,o m51 ?is man 9 bro!rhood y\r we>y pa?s beguil+1 ,groan$ inly :ile he taught y peace1 & di$ :ile ye 7 smil+6 7,,elizabe? ,,b>rett ,,br[n+3 ,c[p]'s ,grave4 #ahcc47 ,c4--,,! ,,p\lt]',s ,,measure4 ,9 ! ,elizabe?an age ! alex&r9e & ! sept5>y 7 ea* us$ *iefly 9 conjunction ) ! o!r1 9 alt]nation ( six-/ress & sev5-/ress v]ses4 ,! "n commonly appli$ to ! comb9ation is tak5 f ,gascoigne's ,notes ( ,in/ruction 7#aege71 :]e he says3 ,! commone/ sort ( v]se :i* we use n[ adayes 7viz4 ! long v]se ( twelve & f\rt5e sillables7 ,i "k n c]ta9ly h[e to "n x1 unlesse ,i %\ld say t x do? consi/ ( ,p\lt]s measure1 :i* give? xii4 = "o doz5 & xiiii4 = ano!r4 7,arb]'s ,repr9t1 p4 #ci47 ,x /rikes ! read] ) surprise to f9d ! measure ?us spok5 ( z ! commone/ sort ( v]se1 b a glance at any ( ! e>ly ,elizabe?an an?ologies w %[ ! ju/ness ( ,gascoigne's words4 ,yet ! measure1 :ile exce$+ly popul>1 seems to h be5 in/9ctively avoid$ by ! be/ poets 7aft] ! days ( ,surrey & ,sidney72 h5ce x is unfamili> to mod]n read]s4 ,! use ( alex&r9es & sept5>ies toge!r1 we h se51 0 common ev5 9 ! ,middle ,engli% p]iod1 b n 9 regul> alt]nation4 ,! ,*ronicle ( ,rob]t ( ,gl\ce/] 7ab\t #acjj7 m+les bo? measures1 b ) alex&r9es pr$om9at+4 ,9 "s ( ! e>ly ,my/]y ,plays !y are f\nd 9 alt]nation2 = example1 :]e ,jacob1 9 "o ( ! ,t[neley plays1 is relat+ 8 hung] to ,esau3 ,meat or dr9k1 save my life1 or bread1 ,i reck n :at3 ,if !re be no?+ else1 "s man give me a cat4 ,see also ! specim5 f ,! ,m>riage ( ,wit & ,sci5ce1 p4 #bef1 above4 ,s*ipp] says t he does n "k :o fir/ br\ght ! two measures toge!r 9 alt]nate use = lyrical poetry4 ,gue/ says t ! ,p\lt]'s ,measure came into fa%ion soon aft] #aejj 7,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,rhy?ms71 b gives no examples s e>ly4 ,! hi/ory ( ! measure %\ld be fur!r inve/igat$4 ,aft] ! ,elizabe?an p]iod ! ,p\lt]'s ,measure practically disappe>s f ,engli% poetry4 ,a curi\s sugge/ion ( x may be f\nd 9 a little poem ( ,leigh ,hunt's 7,weal? & ,womanhood71 cit$ by ,s*ipp]1 :o calls ! v]se ,p\lt]'s ,measure 9 tro*aics3 ,h y se5 an heiress 9 h] jewels m\nt$1 ,till h] weal? & %e seem$ "o1 & %e might be c\nt$8 ,laid 9 my quiet b$1 9 /udy z ,i 71 ,i saw )9 my tr\bl$ head a heap ( ?\ghts appe>3 ,& e ?\ght did %[ s lively 9 m9e eyes1 ,t n[ ,i sigh$1 & !n ,i smil$1 z cause ( ?\ght do? rise4 7,,e>l ,,( ,,surrey3 ,h[ no ,age is ,cont5t ) 8 ,own ,e/ate1 9 ,tottel's ,songs & ,sonnets4 ,arb]'s ,repr9t1 p4 #cj4 ,pub4 #aeeg47 ,h] =ehead jac9? l1 h] *eeks ( opal hue1 ,h] tw9kl+ eyes b$eck'd ) pe>l1 h] lips z sapphire blue2 ,h] hair l crapal /one1 h] m\? ,o heav5ly wide2 ,h] sk9 l burni%'d gold1 h] h&s l silv] ore untri$4 7,,sir ,,philip ,,sidney3 ,mopsa1 9 ! ,arcadia4 ab4 #aehj47 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,sonnet ,! sonnet is an ,italian v]se-=m1 9 f\rte5 five-/ress l9es1 introduc$ into ,engl& at ! "t ( ! ,italian lit]>y influ5ces ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,almo/ f ! fir/1 ! ,engli% sonnet has be5 divid$ into two classes3 "o bas$ on m or less /rict imitation ( ! /ructure ( ! ,italian =m1 & v>i\sly call$ ! ,italian1 ! regul>1 or ! legitimate sonnet2 ! o!r tak+ ! ,italian sonnet z ! po9t ( dep>ture1 b con/ruct$ accord+ to m famili> ,engli% rime-s*emes1 & commonly call$ ! ,%aksp]ian or ! ,engli% sonnet4 ,! orig9 ( ! sonnet 9 s\!rn ,europe is a matt] ( "s disagreem5t4 ,"s s*ol>s trace x to ! canzone /rophe 7e4g4 ,gasp>y1 9 8 ,ges*i*te d] ,itali5is*5 ,lit]atur71 o!rs to ! comb9ation ( ! ottava rima ) a six-l9e /anza 7,welti1 9 8 ,ges*i*te des ,sonettes 9 d] deuts*5 ,di*tung71 o!rs to ,prov5al & ev5 ,g]man influ5ce4 7,see ,s*ipp]1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #hce ff41 & ,l5tzn]'s ,das ,sonett und se9e ,ge/altung 9 d] englis*5 ,di*tung1 p4 #a47 ,x seems fir/ to h be5 a recogniz$ =m 9 ,italy 9 ! latt] "p ( ! ?irte5? c5tury 7see ,toml9son's ,! ,sonnet3 its ,orig91 ,/ructure1 & ,place 9 ,poetry72 & 0 made glori\s by ,dante1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ,tasso1 ,ario/o1 &--above all--,petr>*4 ,on ! diff]5t =ms ( ! ,italian sonnet1 see ,toml9son's essay1 j cit$4 ,! object ( ! regul> or legitimate ,italian sonnet1 says ,mr4 ,toml9son1 is to express "o1 & only "o1 idea1 mood1 s5tim5t1 or proposition1 & ?is mu/ be introduc$ 444 9 ! fir/ quatra91 & s f> expla9$ 9 ! second1 t ?is may end 9 a full po9t2 :ile ! (fice ( ! fir/ t]cet is to prep>e ! lead+ idea ( ! quatra9s = ! conclusion1 :i* conclusion is to be p]fectly c>ri$ out 9 ! second t]cet1 s t x may conta9 ! fundam5tal idea ( ! poem4 7pp4 #bg1 #bh47 ,! ,italian =m is always m>k$ by ! division into octave & se/et1 al?\gh ,engli% usage has be5 v irregul> 9 m>k+ ?is division by a full pause4 ,! octave is bas$ on only two rimes 7abbaabba72 ! se/et on ei!r two or ?ree1 ! mo/ common arrangem5ts be+ cdecde1 cdcdcd1 cd$ce1 & cddcee4 ,) reg>d to ! pause at ! po9t ( division ,l5tzn] says3 ,x %\ld n be a full pause1 because ?is w\ld produce ! effect ( a gap or break+-(f1 444--n l ! speak] :o has rea*$ ! end ( :at he has to say1 b l "o :o reflects on :at has already be5 said1 & !n takes fre% brea? to complete 8 !me4#ce ,mo/ critics pref] ^? =ms ( se/et :i* avoid a f9al rim+ c\plet4 ,?is ,mr4 ,c\r?ope expla9s z foll[s3 ,! reason = ! avoidance ( ! c\plet 9 ! second portion ( ! sonnet is1 ,i ?9k1 pla94 ,9 ! fir/ eight l9es ! ?\ght asc5ds to a climax2 ?is "p ( ! sonnet may be said to conta9 ! premises ( ! poetical syllogism4 ,9 ! la/ six l9es ! idea desc5ds to a conclusion1 & z ! two divisions are ( unequal l5g? x is necess>y t ! less] %\ld be ! m individualis$4 ,h5ce :ile1 9 ! fir/ "p1 ! expression ( ! ?\ght is mass$ & cond5s$ by r$uplications ( s\nd1 & ! g5]al movem5t is limit$ by quatra9s2 9 ! second "p ! clauses are sep>at$ by ! alt]nation ( ! rhymes1 ! movem5t is measur$ by t]cets1 & ! :ole weight ( ! rhetorical emphasis is ?r[n into ! la/ l9e4 7,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,poetry1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ia47 ,! sonnet has rema9$1 s9ce its introduction into ,engli% poetry1 a favorite =m among poets & critics1 b has nev] become g5u9ely popul>4 ,x is suit$1 ( c\rse1 only = ! expression ( dignifi$ & c>eful ?9k+2 & ! difficulty ( giv+ x unity & conf9+ ! cont5t to ! precise limit ( f\rte5 l9es has made p]fect success 9 ! =m a r>e atta9m5t4 ,fur!rmore1 ! complexity ( ! rime-s*eme--! di/ance at :i* "o rime responds to ano!r--makes ! appreciation ( ! =m a matt] ( "s delicacy1 less suit$ to ! prevail+ly simple ta/e ( ! ,engli% e> ?an to ! m complex ta/e ( ! ,italian4 ,! foll[+ specim5s are classifi$ only 9 ! two pr9cipal gr\ps ( ! ,italian & ! ,engli% =m4 ,! common te/ ( ! ,italian =m is t ! rime-s*eme %all sep>ate ! fir/ eight l9es f ! re/1 ^! eight l9es ord9>ily %[+ inclusive rime ( ! abba type2 ! te/ ( ! ,engli% =m is t ! rime-s*eme %all sep>ate ! fir/ twelve l9es f ! la/ two1 ! twelve l9es ord9>ily %[+ alt]nate rime4 ,s*ipp] gr\ps ,engli% sonnets 9 five classes3 7#a7 ! /rict ,italian =m1 ) pause betwe5 octave & se/et2 7#b7 ! ,surrey-,%aksp]e or ,engli% =m2 7#c7 ! ,sp5s]ian =m2 7#d7 ! ,miltonic =m1 ) correct rime-arrangem5t b g5]al neglect ( ! bip>tite /ructure2 7#e7 ! mod]n ,italian or ,wordswor?ian =m1 foll[+ ! regul> rime-s*eme 9 g5]al1 b (t5 ) a ?ird or ev5 a f\r? rime 9 ! octave1 & treat$ z a s+le /rophe4 7,englis*e ,metrik1 vol4 ii4 p4 #hgh47cf ,a4--,,! ,,regul> 7,,italian7 ,,sonnet ,9 ?is gr\p ! /ud5t ( ! subject %\ld note ! detail$ v>iations ( ! rime-s*eme ( ! se/et1 & ! v>y+ practice ( ! poets z to ! division betwe5 octave & se/et4 ,9 view ( ! connection ( ,petr>*'s sonnets ) ,wyatt's introduction ( ! =m into ,engl&1 ! fir/ ( !m is reproduc$ z a typical specim5 ( ! /rict ,italian =m4 ,voi *' ascoltate 9 rime sp>se il suono ,di quei sospiri ond' io nudriva 'l core ,9 su 'l mio primo giov5ile errore1 ,qu&' era 9 p>te altr' uom da quel *' i' sono1 ,del v>io /ile1 9 *' io piango e ragiono ,fra le vane sp]anze e 'l van dolore1 ,ove sia *i p] prova int5da amore ,sp]o trov> piet1 non *e p]dono4 ,ma b5 veggi' or s come al popol tutto ,favola fui gran tempo1 onde sov5te ,di me m$esmo meco mi v]gogno2 ,e del mio vaneggi> v]gogna 'l frutto1 ,e 'l p5tirsi1 e 'l conosc] *i>am5te ,*e quanto piace al mondo breve sogno4 7,,petr>ca3 ,sonetto i47 ,! longe love t 9 my ?\ght ,i h>b]1 ,& 9 my he>t do? kepe 8 resid5ce1 ,into my face prease? ) bold pret5ce1 ,& !re campe?1 display+ 8 bann]4 ,%e t me le>ns to love1 & to suff]1 ,& willes t my tru/1 & lu/es neglig5ce ,be re9$ by reason1 %ame1 & rev]5ce1 ,) 8 h>d9esse takes displeasure4 ,:]) love to ! h>tes =e/ he flee?1 ,leavyng 8 ent]prise ) pa9e & crye1 ,& !re him hide? & n appe>e?4 ,:at may ,i d8 :5 my mai/] fe>e?1 ,b 9 ! field ) him to live & dye1 ,= good is ! life1 endyng fai?fully4 7,,sir ,,?omas ,,wyatt3 ,! lov] hide? 8 desire1 etc41 9 ,tottel's ,songs & ,sonnets1 p4 #cc4 pub4 #aeeg47 ,x 0 ,wyatt :o introduc$ ! sonnet into ,engl&4 ,?irty-"o ( 8 sonnets 7 publi%$ 9 ,tottel's ,miscellany1 ( :i* ab\t a ?ird are said to be translations or p>aphrases ( ,petr>*'s4 ,wyatt foll[$1 ( c\rse1 ! regul> ,italian /ructure1 b us$ unhesitat+ly ! =m ( se/et ) ! conclud+ c\plet 7cddcee74 ,on ?is po9t ,mr4 ,c\r?ope says3 ,wyatt 0 evid5tly unaw>e ( ! secret pr9ciple und]ly+ ! extremely complex /ructure ( ! ,italian sonnet2 444 & be+ un=tunately misl$ by 8 admiration = ! ,/rambotti ( ,s]af9o1 :i* sum up ! conclusion 9 a c\plet1 he endeavor$ to con/ruct 8 sonnets on ! same pr9ciple1 !reby lead+ all sonnet writ]s be=e ,milton on a wrong pa?4 7,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,poetry1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ia47 ,lov+ 9 tru?1 & fa9 9 v]se my love to %[1 ,t %e1 de> %e1 might take "s pleasure ( my pa91-- ,pleasure might cause h] read1 read+ might make h] "k1 ,k might pity w91 & pity grace obta91-- ,i s\ght fit words to pa9t ! blacke/ face ( woe2 ,/udy+ inv5tions f9e1 h] wits to ent]ta91 ,(t turn+ o!rs' leaves1 to see if !nce w\ld fl[ ,"s fre% & fruitful %[]s ^u my sun-burn'd bra94 ,b words came halt+ =?1 want+ ,inv5tion's /ay2 ,inv5tion1 ,nature's *ild1 fl$ /ep-dame ,/udy's bl[s1 ,& o!rs' feet /ill seem'd b /rang]s 9 my way4 ,?us1 great ) *ild to speak1 & helpless 9 my ?roes1 ,bit+ my truant p51 beat+ myself = spite1-- ',fool1' said my ,muse to me1 ',look 9 ?y he>t1 & write4' 7,,sir ,,philip ,,sidney3 ,a/rophel & ,/ella1 i4 ab4 #aehj47 ,) h[ sad /eps1 ,o ,moon1 ?\ climb'/ ! skies6 ,h[ sil5tly1 & ) h[ wan a face6 ,:at1 may x be t e'en 9 heav5ly place ,t busy ar*] 8 %>p arr[s tries6 ,sure1 if t long-)-love-acqua9t$ eyes ,c judge ( love1 ?\ feel'/ a lov]'s case1 ,i read x 9 ?y looks2 ?y langui%'d grace1 ,to me1 t feel ! l1 ?y /ate descries4 ,!n1 e'en ( fell[%ip1 ,o ,moon1 tell me1 ,is con/ant love deem'd !re b want ( wit8 ,are beauties !re z pr\d z "h !y be8 ,d !y above love to be lov$1 & yet ,^? lov]s scorn :om t love do? possess8 ,d !y call virtue1 !re1 ungratefulness8 7,,sir ,,philip ,,sidney3 ,a/rophel & ,/ella1 xxxi4 ab4 #aehj47 ,sidney's favorite =m = ! sonnet se/et 0 t %[n 9 ^! specim5s 7cdcdee71 a =m t sugge/s ! influ5ce ( ! ,surrey or ,engli% sonnet r ?an ! ,italian4 ,! fir/ ( ! sonnets is ( c\rse exceptional 9 be+ writt5 9 alex&r9es1 b is among ! f9e/ 9 ! sequ5ce4 ,see also ,sidney's sonnet ( ! ,engli% type1 p4 #bia1 bel[4 ,! ,a/rophel & ,/ella 7conta9+ #aaj sonnets7 is ! e>lie/ ( ! great sonnet-sequ5ces or sonnet-cycles ( ,engli% poetry1 ^? ( ,sp5s]1 ,%aksp]e1 ,rossetti1 & ,mrs4 ,br[n+ be+ lat] repres5tatives4 ,9 ! ,elizabe?an age ! fa%ion ( writ+ sonnets1 & sonnet-sequ5ces 9 p>ticul>1 0 at its height1 especially 9 ! la/ decade ( ! c5tury 7#aeij-afjj74 ,on ?is subject1 see ! ,introduction to ,pr(essor ,s*ell+'s ,elizabe?an ,lyrics1 9 ! ,a!num ,press ,s]ies1 & ,mr4 ,sidney ,lee's ,life ( ,%aksp]e4 ,o!r notewor?y sonnet-sequ5ces besides ^? ( ,sidney1 ,sp5s]1 & ,%aksp]e 7 ,con/able's ,diana1 ,daniel's ,delia1 ,lodge's ,phyllis1 ,watson's ,te>s ( ,fancy1 ,b>nes's ,p>!nophil1 ,giles ,flet*]'s ,lycia1 & ,drayton's ,idea1--all publi%$ 9 ! ye>s #aeib-aeid4 ,a n[ =gott5 poet by ! "n ( ,lok produc$ m ?an f\r hundr$ sonnets1 prov+ himself an ,elizabe?an rival to ,wordswor?4 ,i "k t all b5ea? ! moon decays1 ,& :at by mortals 9 ?is _w is br\ght ,9 "t's great p]iods %all return to naught2 ,t faire/ /ates h fatal nights & days4 ,i "k h[ all ! ,muse's heav5ly lays1 ,) toil ( _s :i* are s de>ly b\ght1 ,z idle s\nds1 ( few or none are s\ght2 ,& t naught light] is ?an airy praise4 ,i "k frail beauty l ! purple fl[]1 ,to :i* "o morn (t bir? & dea? af=ds2 ,t love a j>r+ is ( m9ds' accords1 ,:]e s5se & w invassall reason's p[]4 ,"k :at ,i li/1 ?is all c n me move1 ,b t1 ,o me6 ,i bo? mu/ write & love4 7,,william ,,drummond ( ,haw?ornd53 ,s5se ( ! ,fragility ( ,all ,?+s1 etc4 #afaf47 ,drummond 0 a sonnete] ( great skill1 & us$ _m orig9al comb9ations ( rime-s*emes1--"s =ty 9 all1--yet usually approximat+ to ! ,italian type4 ,leigh ,hunt says3 ,drummond's sonnets1 = ! mo/ "p1 are n only ( ! legitimate ord]1 b !y are ! e>lie/ 9 ! language t brea! :at may be call$ ! habit ( m9d obs]vable 9 ! be/ ,italian writ]s ( sonnets2 t is to say1 a mixture ( t5d]ness1 elegance1 love ( c\ntry1 seclusion1 & consci\s sweetness ( v]se4 7,essay on ! ,sonnet1 9 ,! ,book ( ! ,sonnet1 vol4 i4 pp4 #gh1 #gi47 ,dea?1 be n pr\d1 ?\gh "s h call$ !e ,mighty & dreadful1 = ?\ art n s2 ,= ^? :om ?\ ?9k'/ ?\ do/ ov]?r[ ,die n1 poor ,dea?2 nor yet can/ ?\ kill me4 ,f re/ & sleep1 :i* b ?y pictures be1 ,mu* pleasure3 !n f !e mu* m mu/ fl[2 ,& soone/ our be/ m5 d ) !e g-- ,re/ ( _! bones1 & s\ls' deliv]y4 ,?\'rt slave to fate1 *ance1 k+s1 & desp]ate m51 ,& do/ ) poison1 w>1 & sickness dwell1 ,& poppy or *>ms c make u sleep z well ,& bett] ?an ?y /roke4 ,:y swell'/ ?\ !n8 ,"o %ort sleep pa/1 we wake et]nally1 ,& dea? %all be no m3 ,dea?1 ?\ %alt die4 7,,john ,,donne3 ,holy ,sonnets1 ,x4 #afce47 ,donne's s]ies ( ,holy ,sonnets 0 "o ( ! few ,elizabe?an sequ5ces1 or cycles1 :i* dealt ) o!r ?an amatory subjects4 ,! sev5 sonnets ( ! s]ies call$ ,la ,corona are b\nd toge!r into a cr[n ( sonnets1--an ,italian fa%ion1 accord+ to :i* ! fir/ l9e ( ea* sonnet is ! same z ! la/ ( ! sonnet prec$+1 & ! la/ l9e ( ! la/ sonnet ! same z ! fir/ l9e ( ! fir/4 ,:5 ,i consid] h[ my light is sp5t ,ere half my days1 9 ?is d>k _w & wide1 ,& t "o tal5t :i* is dea? to hide ,lodg$ ) me useless1 ?\gh my s\l m b5t ,to s]ve !re) my ,mak]1 & pres5t ,my true acc\nt1 le/ ,he return+ *ide1-- ,do? ,god exact day-labor1 light d5i$8 ,i fondly ask3--,b pati5ce1 to prev5t ,t murmur1 soon replies3 ,god do? n ne$ ,ei!r man's "w1 or ,8 own gifts2 :o be/ ,be> ,8 mild yoke1 !y s]ve ,him be/3 ,8 /ate ,is k+ly2 ?\s&s at ,8 bidd+ spe$ ,& po/ o'er l& & ocean )\t re/3-- ,!y also s]ve :o only /& & wait4 7,,milton3 ,on 8 ,bl9dness4 ab4 #afee47 ,milton le>n$ ! sonnet direct f ! ,italian1 & wrote five 9 t language4 ,:ile foll[+ ! ,italian rime-s*emes1 h[ev]1 he 0 n c>eful to obs]ve any division betwe5 octave & se/et4 ,l ,donne1 he turn$ ! sonnet to o!r subjects ?an t ( love1 or--9 ,l&or's words-- ,he caught ! sonnet f ! da9ty h& ,( ,love1 :o cri$ to lose x1 & he gave ,! notes to ,glory4 7,to ,lam>t9e47 ,comp>e1 also1 ,wordswor?'s say+ t 9 ,milton's h& ,! ,?+ became a trumpet1 :5ce he blew ,s\l-animat+ /ra9s--alas1 too few6 ,besides ! eighte5 ,engli% sonnets 9 regul> =m1 ,milton wrote a tail$1 or caudat$1 sonnet1 foll[+ an ,italian fa%ion1--,on ! ,new ,=c]s ( ,consci5ce "u ! ,long ,p>liam5t4 ,he int5d$ x1 says ,masson1 to be :at may be call$ an ,anti-,presbyt]ian & ,pro-,tol]ation ,sonnet2 b by go+ beyond f\rte5 l9es1 conv]t$ x into :at ! ,italians call$ a 'sonnet ) a tail4' 7,globe ed41 p4 #ddj47 ,! tail rimes cfffgg4 ,deem n devoid ( elegance ! sage1 ,by ,fancy's g5u9e feel+s unbeguil$1 ,( pa9ful p$antry ! por+ *ild1 ,:o turns1 ( ^! pr\d domes1 ?' hi/oric page1 ,n[ sunk by ,"t1 & ,h5ry's fi]c] rage4 ,?9k'/ ?\ ! w>bl+ ,muses nev] smil$ ,on 8 lone h\rs8 ,+5u\s views engage ,8 ?\ghts1 on !mes1 unclassic falsely /yl$1 ,int5t4 ,:ile cloi/]$ ,piety displays ,h] m\ld]+ roll1 ! pi]c+ eye explores ,new mann]s1 & ! pomp ( eld] days1 ,:5ce culls ! p5sive b>d 8 pictur$ /ores4 ,nor r\gh nor b>r5 are ! w9d+ ways ,( ho> ,antiquity1 b /r[n ) fl[]s4 7,,?omas ,,w>ton3 ,9 a ,blank ,leaf ( ,dugdale's ',mona/icon4' ab4 #agge47 ,aft] ,milton1 ! sonnet fell into disuse = a c5tury4 ,wal%1 says ,mr4 ,gosse1 is ! au?or ( ! only sonnet writt5 9 ,engli% betwe5 ,milton's1 9 #afeh1 & ,w>ton's1 ab\t #agej4 7,w>d's ,engli% ,poets1 vol4 iii4 p4 #g47 ,see1 h[ev]1 t ( ,gray on ,we/1 writt5 9 #agdb1 quot$ p4 #bie1 bel[4 ,to ! ,w>ton bro!rs1 pione]s 9 s _m ways ( ! romantic revival1 *ief cr$it is giv5 = ! revival ( ! sonnet 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,o!r sonnete]s ( ! p]iod 7 ,william ,mason1 ,?omas ,edw>ds1 ,b5jam9 ,/ill+fleet1 & ,?omas ,russell 7see ,seccombe's ,age ( ,johnson1 pp4 #bed1 #bee1 & ,be]s's ,engli% ,romanticism 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury1 pp4 #afj1 #afa74 ,o ,"t6 :o "k'/ a l5i5t h& to lay ,s(te/ on sorr['s w\nd1 & sl[ly !nce 7,lull+ to sad repose ! we>y s5se7 ,! fa9t pang /eale/1 unp]ceiv$1 away2 ,on !e ,i re/ my only hope at la/1 ,& ?9k :5 ?\ ha/ dri$ ! bitt] te> ,t fl[s 9 va9 o'er all my s\l held de>1 ,i may look back on e sorr[ pa/1 ,& meet life's peaceful ev5+ ) a smile4 ,z "s lone bird1 at day's dep>t+ h\r1 ,s+s 9 ! sunbeam1 ( ! transi5t %[] ,=getful1 ?\gh its w+s are wet ! :ile3 ,yet ah6 h[ mu* mu/ t poor he>t endure ,:i* hopes f !e1 & !e alone1 a cure6 7,,william ,,lisle ,,b[les3 ,to ,"t4 #aghi47 ,b[les 7#agfb-ahej7 wrote num]\s sonnets1 & 0 influ5tial 9 c>ry+ on ! movem5t begun by ! ,w>tons4 ,8 sonnets 7 admir$1 9 p>ticul>1 by ,col]idge & ,wordswor?1 ! =m] poet d$icat+ to him a sonnet beg9n+3 ,my he>t has ?ank$ !e1 ,b[les6 = ^? s(t /ra9s ,^: sadness soo!s me4 ,8 sonnets 71 h[ev]1 neglectful ( ! regul> ,italian /ructure1 s t "u 8 influ5ce1 z ,leigh ,hunt obs]v$1 ! illegitimate ord] 444 became su* a favorite ) lov]s ( easy writ+ :o c\ld /r+ f\rte5 l9es toge!r1 t 444 x cont9u$ to fill ! press ) heaps ( bad v]ses1 till ! g5ius ( ,wordswor? succe$$ 9 re/or+ ! "r sy/em4 7,essay on ! ,sonnet1 p4 #he47 ,b see ! notes on ,wordswor?'s sonnets1 p4 #bhj1 bel[4 ,m>y6 ,i want a lyre ) o!r /r+s1 ,su* aid f ,heav5 z "s h feign$ !y drew1 ,an eloqu5ce sc>ce giv5 to mortals1 new ,& undebas$ by praise ( mean] ?+s1 ,t1 ere ?r\gh age or woe ,i %$ my w+s1 ,i may record ?y wor? ) honor due1 ,9 v]se z musical z ?\ art true1 ,& t immortalizes :om x s+s4 ,b ?\ ha/ little ne$4 ,!re is a book ,by ,s]aphs writ ) beams ( heav5ly light1 ,on :i* ! eyes ( ,god n r>ely look1 ,a *ronicle ( actions j & bright3 ,!re all ?y de$s1 my fai?ful ,m>y1 %9e1 ,&1 s9ce ?\ own'/ t praise1 ,i sp>e !e m9e4 7,,c[p]3 ,to ,mrs4 ,unw94 #agic47 ,nuns fret n at _! conv5t's n>r[ room2 ,& h]mits are cont5t$ ) _! cells2 ,& /ud5ts ) _! p5sive citadels2 ,maids at ! :eel1 ! weav] at 8 loom1 ,sit bli! & happy2 bees t so> = bloom1 ,high z ! highe/ peak ( ,furness ,fells1 ,w murmur by ! h\r 9 foxglove bells4 ,9 tru? ! prison unto :i* we doom ,ourselves no prison is2 & h5ce to me1 ,9 sundry moods1 'twas pa/ime to be b\nd ,)9 ! sonnet's scanty plot ( gr\nd1 ,pleas$ if "s s\ls 7= su* !re ne$s mu/ be7 ,:o h felt ! weight ( too mu* lib]ty1 ,%\ld f9d brief solace !re1 z ,i h f\nd4 7,,wordswor?3 ,! ,sonnet4 #ahjf47 ,scorn n ! ,sonnet2 ,critic1 y h fr[n$1 ,m9dless ( its j honors2 ) ?is key ,%aksp]e unlock$ 8 he>t2 ! melody ,( ?is small lute gave ease to ,petr>*'s w\nd2 ,a ?\s& times ?is pipe did ,tasso s\nd2 ,) x ,camo5s soo!d an exile's grief2 ,! ,sonnet glitt]$ a gay myrtle leaf ,amid ! cypress ) :i* ,dante cr[n$ ,8 vision>y br[3 a gl[-worm lamp1 ,x *e]$ mild ,sp5s]1 call$ f ,fa]y-l& ,to /ruggle ?r\gh d>k ways2 &1 :5 a damp ,fell r\nd ! pa? ( ,milton1 9 8 h& ,! ,?+ became a trumpet1 :5ce he blew ,s\l-animat+ /ra9s--alas1 too few6 7,,wordswor?3 ,scorn n ! ,sonnet4 #ahbg47 ,! ,_w is too mu* ) u2 late & soon1 ,gett+ & sp5d+1 we lay wa/e our p[]s2 ,little we see 9 ,nature t is ours2 ,we h giv5 our he>ts away1 a sordid boon6 ,?is ,sea t b>es h] bosom to ! moon1 ,! w9ds t w be h[l+ at all h\rs ,& are up-ga!r'd n[ l sleep+ fl[]s1 ,= ?is1 = e ?+1 we are out ( tune2 ,x moves u n4--,great ,god6 ,i'd r be ,a ,pagan suckl$ 9 a cre$ outworn1-- ,s might ,i1 /&+ on ?is pleasant lea1 ,h glimpses t w\ld make me less =lorn2 ,h sight ( ,proteus ris+ f ! sea2 ,or he> old ,triton bl[ 8 wrea!d horn4 7,,wordswor?3 ,! ,_w is too mu* ) u4 #ahjf47 ,wordswor?'s compla9t z to ! numb] ( ,milton's sonnets 7alas1 too few67 c]ta9ly _c be appli$ to 8 own4 ,!y numb] ab\t five hundr$1 rank+ him z ! mo/ prolific ,engli% sonnete]4 ,^! include "s ( ! f9e/ sonnets 9 ! language1 & v _m ( admitt$ly indiff]5t quality4 ,mr4 ,sw9burne reg>ds 8 sonnets z on ! :ole ! be/ out ( sight 9 our poetry4 ,9 g5]al he foll[$ ! ,italian model1 b ) v great lib]ty4 ,he n only practis$ great v>iety ( rime-arrangem5t 9 ! se/et1 b frequ5tly alt]$ ! s*eme ( ! octave to su* =ms z abbaacca2 see1 = example1 ! specim5 beg9n+ ,scorn n ! ,sonnet4 ,wordswor? also %[$ no reg>d = ! c>eful division ( ?\ght betwe5 octave & se/et4 ,inde$ 9 a lett] to ,dyce1 9 #ahcc1 he said t he reg>d$ ! sonnet n z a piece ( ar*itecture1 b z an orbicul> body1--a sph]e or a dew-drop4 7,works1 ed4 ,knight1 vol4 xi4 p4 #bcb47 ,its excell5ce seem$ to him to consi/ ma9ly 9 a p]vad+ s5se ( int5se unity4 ,nev]!less1 he admitt$ t a sonnet w (t5 be f\nd excell5t1 :]e ! beg9n+1 ! middle1 & ! end are di/9ctly m>k$1 & also :]e x is di/9ctly sep>at$ into two p>ts1 to :i*1 z ,i be=e obs]v$1 ! /rict ,italian model1 z !y write x1 is favorable4 ,my/]i\s ,night6 :5 our fir/ p>5t knew ,!e f report div9e1 & he>d ?y "n1 ,did he n tremble = ?is lovely frame1 ,?is glori\s canopy ( light & blue8 ,yet 'nea? a curta9 ( transluc5t dew1 ,ba!d 9 ! rays ( ! great sett+ flame1 ,hesp]us ) ! ho/ ( heav5 came1 ,& lo6 creation wid5$ 9 man's view4 ,:o c\ld h ?\ght su* d>kness lay conceal$ ,)9 ?y beams1 ,o ,sun6 or :o c\ld f9d1 ,:il/ fly1 & leaf1 & insect /ood reveal$1 ,t to su* c\ntless orbs ?\ mad'/ u bl9d8 ,:y d we1 !n1 %un dea? ) anxi\s /rife8 ,if light c ?us deceive1 :]e=e n life8 7,,joseph ,,blanco ,,:ite3 ,to ,night4 ab4 #ahbe4 ,9 ,! ,book ( ! ,sonnet1 i4 #beh47 ,?is fam\s sonnet 0 call$ by ,col]idge ! be/ 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,he seems1 h[ev]1 to h be5 l$ to ?is op9ion r by ! ?\ght ?an ! =m4 ,i met a travel] f an antique l&1 ,:o said3 ,two va/ & trunkless legs ( /one ,/& 9 ! des]t4 ,ne> !m on ! s&1 ,half sunk1 a %att]'d visage lies1 ^: fr[n ,& wr9kl$ lip & sne] ( cold comm& ,tell t its sculptor well ^? passions read ,:i* yet survive1 /amp'd on ^! lifeless ?+s1 ,! h& t mock'd !m & ! he>t t f$2 ,& on ! p$e/al ^! words appe>3 ,my "n is ,ozym&ias1 k+ ( k+s3 ,look on my works1 ye mighty1 & despair6 ,no?+ beside rema9s4 ,r\nd ! decay ,( t colossal wreck1 b\ndless & b>e1 ,! lone & level s&s /ret* f> away4 7,,%elley3 ,ozym&ias ( ,egypt4 #ahag47 ,%elley wrote b few sonnets1 & all b "o 7,to ! ,nile7 are irregul> 9 /ructure4 ,! rime-s*eme ( ! pres5t specim5 is1 ( c\rse1 :olly ecc5tric4 ,! poetry ( e>? is nev] dead3 ,:5 all ! birds are fa9t ) ! hot sun1 ,& hide 9 cool+ trees1 a voice w run ,f h$ge to h$ge ab\t ! new-m[n mead3 ,t is ! ,gras%opp]'s2 he takes ! lead ,9 summ] luxury2 he has nev] done ,) 8 delights1 =1 :5 tir$ out ) fun1 ,he re/s at ease b5ea? "s pleasant we$4 ,! poetry ( e>? is ceas+ nev]3 ,on a lone w9t] ev5+1 :5 ! fro/ ,has wr\ght a sil5ce1 f ! /ove !re %rills ,! ,cricket's song1 9 w>m? increas+ ev]1 ,& seems to "o 9 dr[s9ess half lo/ ,! ,gras%opp]'s among "s grassy hills4 7,,keats3 ,! ,gras%opp] & ,cricket4 #ahag47 ,keats's sonnets are = ! mo/ "p regul> 9 bo? rime-s*eme & bip>tite /ructure2 b a numb] ( ! po/hum\s sonnets are 9 ! ,engli% =m4 ,! pres5t specim5 7:i* competes ) ! m famili> sonnet on ,*apman's ,hom] = ! *ief place among ^? ( ,keats7 is a p>ticul>ly good example ( ! bip>tite /ructure & its organic relation to ! ?\ght ( ! sonnet4 ,amaz+ mon/]6 t1 = aught ,i "k1 ,) ! fir/ sight ( !e did/ make our race ,=ev] />e6 ,o flat & %ock+ face1 ,grimly divid$ f ! brea/ bel[6 ,?\ t on dry l& horribly do/ g ,) a split body & mo/ ridicul\s pace1 ,prong aft] prong1 disgrac] ( all grace1 ,long-useless-f9n$1 hair$1 upright1 unwet1 sl[6 ,o brea!r ( unbrea?able1 sword-%>p air1 ,h[ can/ exi/8 ,h[ be> ?yself1 ?\ dry ,& dre>y slo?6 ,:at p>ticle can/ ?\ %>e ,( ! only bless$ life1 ! wat]y8 ,i sometimes see ( ye an actual pair ,g by1 l9k$ f9 by f96 mo/ odi\sly4 7,,leigh ,,hunt3 ,! ,fi% to ! ,man4 #ahcf47 ,if ,i leave all = !e1 wilt ?\ ex*ange ,& be all to me8 ,%all ,i nev] miss ,home-talk & bless+1 & ! common kiss ,t comes to ea* 9 turn1 nor c\nt x /range1 ,:5 ,i look up1 to drop on a new range ,( walls & floors1--ano!r home ?an ?is8 ,nay1 wilt ?\ fill t place by me :i* is ,fill'd by dead eyes1 too t5d] to "k *ange8 ,t's h>de/6 ,if to conqu] love1 has tri$1 ,to conqu] grief tries m1 z all ?+s prove3 ,= grief inde$ is love1 & grief beside4 ,alas1 ,i h griev$ s ,i am h>d to love-- ,yet love me--wilt ?\8 ,op5 ?9e he>t wide1 ,& fold )9 ! wet w+s ( ?y dove4 7,,elizabe? ,,b>rett ,,br[n+3 ,sonnets f ! ,portuguese1 xxxv4 #ahej47 ,! =ty-f\r ,sonnets f ! ,portuguese 7! title1 ( c\rse1 be+ purely fanciful7 con/itute "o ( ! *ief sonnet-sequ5ces ( ! mod]n p]iod4 ,:ile true to ! ,italian rime-/ructure1 ,mrs4 ,br[n+ _c be said to h treat$ ! sonnet ei!r z a two-"p poem or z a unit4 ,only ?ree ( ! s]ies1 says ,pr(essor ,corson 7! fir/1 f\r?1 & ?irte5?71 c be said to realize ) any di/9ctness ! idea & ! peculi> arti/ic effect ( ! sonnet prop]4 ,h5ce :ile call+ !m ! mo/ beautiful love-poems 9 ! language1 he ?9ks !y _c be class$ z sonnets4 7,prim] ( ,engli% ,v]se1 pp4 #age1 #agf47 ,a ,sonnet is a mom5t's monum5t1-- ,memorial f ! ,s\l's et]nity ,to "o dead dea?less h\r4 ,look t x be1 ,:e!r = lu/ral rite or dire port5t1 ,( its own ardu\s fulness rev]5t3 ,c>ve x 9 ivory or 9 ebony1 ,z ,day or ,night may rule2 & let ,"t see ,its fl[]+ cre/ impe>l$ & ori5t4 ,a sonnet is a co93 its face reveals ,! s\l1--its conv]se1 to :at ,p[] 'tis due3-- ,:e!r = tribute to ! augu/ appeals ,( ,life1 or d[] 9 ,love's high ret9ue1 ,x s]ve2 or1 'mid ! d>k :>f's cav]n\s brea?1 ,9 ,*>on's palm x pay ! toll to ,dea?4 7,,rossetti3 ,sonnet prec$+ ,! ,h\se ( ,life4 #ahha47 ,:5 d ,i see !e mo/1 belov$ "o8 ,:5 9 ! light ! spirits ( m9e eyes ,be=e ?y face1 _! alt>1 solemnize ,! wor%ip ( t ,love ?r\gh !e made kn[n8 ,or :5 9 ! dusk h\rs 7we two alone71 ,close-kiss$ & eloqu5t ( /ill replies ,?y twilight-hidd5 glimm]+ visage lies1 ,& my s\l only sees ?y s\l its own8 ,o love1 my love6 if ,i no m %\ld see ,?yself1 nor on ! e>? ! %ad[ ( !e1 ,nor image ( ?9e eyes 9 any spr+1-- ,h[ !n %\ld s\nd ^u ,life's d>k5+ slope ,! gr\nd-:irl ( ! p]i%$ leaves ( ,hope1 ,! w9d ( ,dea?'s imp]i%able w+8 7,,rossetti3 ,! ,h\se ( ,life3 ,sonnet iv4 ,lovesight4 #ahgj47 ,! sonnets ( ,rossetti are und\bt$ly ! mo/ p]fect repres5tatives ( ! ,italian =m 9 ,engli% poetry ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & ,! ,h\se ( ,life 79 #aja sonnets7 is probably to be reg>d$ z ! mo/ important sonnet-sequ5ce s9ce ! ,elizabe?an age4 ,! bip>tite "* ( ,rossetti's sonnets is m>k$1 9 editions ( 8 poems1 by ! pr9t+ ( ! octave & se/et ) a space betwe5 !m4 ,!y rose to :]e _! sovran eagle sails1 ,!y kept _! fai?1 _! fre$om1 on ! height1 ,*a/e1 frugal1 savage1 arm$ by day & night ,aga9/ ! ,turk2 ^: inroad n[h]e scales ,_! headlong passes1 b 8 foot/ep fails1 ,& r$ ) blood ! ,cresc5t reels f fight ,be=e _! dauntless hundr$s1 9 prone flight ,by ?\s&s d[n ! crags & ?r\gh ! vales4 ,o smalle/ among peoples6 r\gh rock-?rone ,( ,fre$om6 w>riors beat+ back ! sw>m ,( ,turki% ,islam = five hundr$ ye>s1 ,great ,ts]nagora6 nev] s9ce ?9e own ,black ridges drew ! cl\d & brake ! /orm ,has brea!d a race ( mighti] m\nta9e]s4 7,,t5nyson3 ,mont5egro4 #ahgg47 ,x is curi\s t ! two *ief repres5tatives ( ,engli% poetry ( ! ,victorian p]iod1 ,t5nyson & ,br[n+1 %\ld nei!r ( !m h giv5 mu* att5tion to ! sonnet nor h a*iev$ any notable success 9 ! =m4 ,among ,t5nyson's poems !re are "s sev5te5 sonnets1 ( :i* ! pres5t specim5 0 consid]$ by ! poet to be ! be/4 ,x repres5ts a common =m ( ! bip>tite /ructure1 :]e ! octave is a n>rative1 & ! se/et a comm5t ^u :at has be5 n>rat$4 ,9 ! foll[+ specim51 f ,mat!w ,arnold1 ! /ructure is simil>4 ,l5tzn] quotes ! ,ea/ ,london1 9 8 monograph on ! ,engli% sonnet1 z a case :]e ! octave repres5ts ! ?\ght 9 p>ticul>1 ! se/et 9 ! ab/ract2 9 o!r cases ! ord] is ! rev]se4 ',twas ,augu/1 & ! fi]ce sun ov]head ,smote on ! squalid /reets ( ,be?nal ,gre51 ,& ! pale weav]1 ?r\gh 8 w9d[ se5 ,9 ,spitalfields1 look$ ?rice dispirit$4 ,i met a prea*] !re ,i knew1 & said3 ',ill & o'er-work$1 h[ f>e y 9 ?is sc5e8' ',bravely6' said he1 '= ,i ( late h be5 ,mu* *e]$ ) ?\ghts ( ,*ri/1 ! ,liv+ ,bread6' ,o human s\l6 s long z ?\ can/ s ,set up a m>k ( ev]la/+ light ,above ! h[l+ s5ses' ebb & fl[1 ,to *e] !e & to "r !e if ?\ roam1 ,n ) lo/ toil ?\ labore/ ?r\gh ! night6 ,?\ mak'/ ! heav5 ?\ hop'/ inde$ ?y home4 7,,mat!w ,,arnold3 ,ea/ ,london4 #ahfg47 ,:y8 ,because all ,i haply c & d1 ,all t ,i am n[1 all ,i hope to be1-- ,:5ce comes x save f =tune sett+ free ,body & s\l ! purpose to pursue1 ,god trac$ = bo?8 ,if fett]s1 n a few1 ,( prejudice1 conv5tion1 fall f me1 ,^! %all ,i bid m5--ea* 9 8 degree ,also ,god-guid$--be>1 & gayly too8 ,b little d or c ! be/ ( u3 ,t little is a*iev$ ?r\gh ,lib]ty4 ,:o1 !n1 d>es hold1 emancipat$ ?us-- ,8 fell[ %all cont9ue b\nd8 ,n ,i4 ,:o live1 love1 labor freely1 nor discuss ,a bro!r's "r to fre$om4 ,t is ,:y4 7,,br[n+3 ,:y ,i am a ,lib]al4 #ahhe47 ,br[n+'s sonnets are few 9 numb]1 mo/ly occasional1 & none ( !m c be consid]$ notable4 ,= a /udy ( !m1 see ! article by ,l5tzn] 9 ,anglia1 vol4 xi4 p4 #ejj4 ,dr4 ,l5tzn] includes n9e 9 8 li/1 n all ( :i* are includ$ 9 ,br[n+'s collect$ poems4 ,?ree are s closely connect$ z practically to =m a poem 9 ?ree /anzas 7app5d$ to ,jo*anan ,hakkado%1 #ahhc74 ,"o sai?3 ! :ole _w is a ,com$y ,play$ = ! mir? ( ,god ^u 8 ?rone1 ,:]e( ! hidd5 mean+s w be kn[n ,:5 ,mi*ael's trumpet ?rills ?r\gh e>? & sea4 ,fate is ! dramaturge2 ,necessity ,allots ! p>ts2 ! sc5es1 by ,nature %[n1 ,embrace ea* elem5t & e zone1 ,ord]$ ) inf9ite v>iety4,ano!r sai?3 no calm-ey$ ,sophocles ,indites ! trag$y ( human doom1 ,b "s cold scornful ,ari/ophanes1 ,^: zanies gape & gibb] 9 ?ick gloom1 ,:ile night+ales1 %rill 'mid ! %iv]+ trees1 ,j> on ! sil5ce ( ! neighbor+ tomb4 7,,john ,,add+ton ,,symonds3 f ,sonnets on ! ,?\ght ( ,dea?4 ab4 #ahhj47 ,yon silv]y bill[s break+ on ! bea* ,fall back 9 foam b5ea? ! />-%9e cle>1 ,! :ile my rhymes are murmur+ 9 y\r e> ,a re/less lore l t ! bill[s tea*2 ,= on ^! sonnet-waves my s\l w\ld rea* ,f its own dep?s1 & re/ )9 y1 de>1 ,z1 ?r\gh ! bill[y voices ye>n+ "h1 ,great ,nature /rives to f9d a human spee*4 ,a sonnet is a wave ( melody3 ,f heav+ wat]s ( ! impassion$ s\l ,a bill[ ( tidal music "o & :ole ,fl[s 9 ! octave2 !n1 return+ free1 ,its ebb+ surges 9 ! se/et roll ,back to ! deeps ( ,life's tumultu\s sea4 7,,!odore ,,watts-,,dunton3 ,! ,sonnet's ,voice2 a ,metrical ,lesson by ! ,sea-%ore4 ,a!num1 ,sept4 #ag1 #ahha47 ,! sonnet on ! sonnet has become s famili> 9 rec5t times t a volume ( su* sonnets has be5 compil$1 & a writ] ( humor\s v]se has satiriz$ ! fa%ion 9 a ,sonnet on ! ,sonnet on ! ,sonnet4 ,d\btless ! two specim5s quot$ f ,wordswor? lead all o!rs ( ! class2 b ! pres5t specim5 is an int]e/+ attempt to repres5t ! *>act]i/ic metrical expressiv5ess ( ! =m4 ,(t h ,i se5 at "s ca!dral door ,a labor]1 paus+ 9 ! du/ & heat1 ,lay d[n 8 burd51 & ) rev]5t feet ,ent]1 & cross himself1 & on ! floor ,kneel to repeat 8 ,pat]no/] o'er2 ,f> (f ! noises ( ! _w retreat2 ,! l\d vocif]ations ( ! /reet ,become an undi/+ui%able ro>4 ,s1 z ,i ent] "h f day to day1 ,& leave my burd5 at ?is m9/] gate1 ,kneel+ 9 pray]1 & n a%am$ to pray1 ,! tumult ( ! "t disconsolate ,to in>ticulate murmurs dies away1 ,:ile ! et]nal ages wat* & wait4 7,,longfell[3 ,sonnets on ! ,div9a ,comm$ia1 i4 #ahfd47 ,caliph1 ,i did !e wrong4 ,i hail$ !e late ,abdul ! ,damn$1 & w\ld recall my ^w4 ,x m]g$ !e ) ! unillu/ri\s h]d ,:o cr[d ! approa*es to ! inf]nal gate-- ,spirits greg>i\s1 equal 9 _! /ate ,z is ! innum]able ocean bird1 ,gannet or gull1 ^: w&]+ pla9t is he>d ,on ,ailsa or ,iona desolate4 ,=1 9 a _w :]e cruel de$s ab\nd1 ,! m]ely damn$ are legion3 ) su* s\ls ,is n ea* holl[ & cranny ( ,tophet cramm$8 ,?\ ) ! brighte/ ( ,hell's aureoles ,do/ %9e supreme1 incomp>ably cr[n$1 ,immortally1 beyond all mortals1 damn$4 7,,william ,,watson3 ,to ! ,sultan1 9 ,! ,ye> ( ,%ame4 #ahig47 ,mr4 ,william ,ar*] says ( ,mr4 ,watson's political sonnets1 t ! =m becomes 9 8 h&s a weapon l ! sl+ ( ,david4 ,9 ! octave he :irls x r\nd & r\nd ) ev]-ga!r+ mom5tum1 & 9 ! se/et s5ds 8 scorn or rebuke s++ ?r\gh ! air1 arr[-/raight to its m>k4 7,poets ( ! ,y\ng] ,g5]ation1 p4 #ejc47 ,b4--,,! ,,engli% 7,,%aksp]ian7 ,,sonnet ,f ,tuskane came my ,ladies wor?y race3 ,faire ,flor5ce 0 sometyme h] aunci5t seate3 ,! ,we/]n yle1 ^: pleasaunt %ore do! face ,wilde ,camb]s clifs1 did geve h] lively heate3 ,fo/]$ %e 0 ) milke ( ,iri%e bre/3 ,h] sire1 an ,erle2 h] dame1 ( pr9ces blood4 ,f t5d] y]es1 9 ,brita9 %e do? re/1 ,) k+es *ilde1 :]e %e ta/e? co/ly food4 ,honsdon did fir/ pres5t h] to m9e yi53 ,bright is h] hewe1 & ,g]ald9e %e hight4 ,hampton me taught to wi%e h] fir/ = m9e3 ,& ,w9dsor1 alas1 do! *ase me f h] sight4 ,h] beauty ( k9d1 h] v]tues f above4 ,happy is he t c obta9e h] love4 7,,e>l ,,( ,,surrey3 ,description & praise ( 8 love ,g]ald9e4 ,9 ,tottel's ,songs & ,sonnets1 p4 #i4 ,pub4 #aeeg47 ,surrey exp]im5t$ ) ! ,italian sonnet z x _h be5 introduc$ into ,engl& by 8 ma/] ,wyatt1 b soon devis$ a v>iation f ! ,italian =m1 & wrote a majority ( 8 sonnets 9 ! new ,engli% =m 7n9e out ( ! sixte5 :i* are pr9t$ 9 ,tottel's ,miscellany74 ,?is new =m is divid$1 n into octave & se/et1 b into ?ree quatra9s1 ) alt]nate rime1 & a c\plet4 ,x produces1 !re=e1 an effect q diff]5t f t ( ! legitimate ,italian sonnet1 ! c\plet at ! end giv+ x a m epigrammatic /ructure4 ,surrey's =m seems m consonant ) common ,engli% ta/e = simplicity ( rime-/ructure1 &1 besides be+ honor$ by its adoption by ,%aksp]e1 has rema9$ a favorite side by side ) ! m correct orig9al4#cg ,come1 ,sleep6 ,o ,sleep1 ! c]ta9 knot ( peace1 ,! bait+-place ( wit1 ! balm ( woe1 ,! poor man's weal?1 ! prison]'s release1 ,! indiff]5t judge betwe5 ! high & l[2 ,) %ield ( pro( %ield me f out ! press ,( ^? fi]ce d>ts ,despair at me do? ?r[4 ,o make me 9 ^? civil w>s to cease2 ,i w good tribute pay1 if ?\ d s4 ,take ?\ ( me smoo? pill[s1 sweete/ b$1 ,a *amb] deaf ( noise & bl9d ( light1 ,a rosy g>l& & a we>y head3 ,& if ^! ?+s1 z be+ ?9e 9 "r1 ,move n ?y heavy grace1 ?\ %alt 9 me1 ,liveli] ?an else:]e1 ,/ella's image see4 7,,sidney3 ,a/rophel & ,/ella1 xxxix4 ab4 #aehj47 ,c>e-*>m] ,sleep1 son ( ! sable ,night1 ,bro!r to ,dea?1 9 sil5t d>kness born1 ,relieve my langui%1 & re/ore ! light2 ,) d>k =gett+ ( my c>e return4 ,& let ! day be "t en\gh to m\rn ,! %ipwreck ( my ill-adv5tur$ y\?3 ,let wak+ eyes suffice to wail _! scorn1 ,)\t ! torm5t ( ! night's untru?4 ,cease1 dreams1 ! images ( day-desires1 ,to model =? ! passions ( to-morr[2 ,nev] let ris+ ,sun approve y li>s1 ,to add m grief to aggravate my sorr[3 ,/ill let me sleep1 embrac+ cl\ds 9 va91 ,& nev] wake to feel ! day's disda94 7,,samuel ,,daniel3 ,c>e-*>m] ,sleep4 #aeib47 ,daniel 0 "o ( ! mo/ skilful ( ! ,elizabe?ans 9 ! use ( ! ,engli% =m ( ! sonnet4 ,! great] numb] ( 8 ,sonnets to ,delia are ( ?is type4 ,! subject ( ! pres5t sonnet 0 a fa%ionable "o 9 ! sixte5? c5tury 7comp>e ,sidney's1 quot$ above74 ,s9ce !re's no help1 come let u kiss & "p1-- ,nay ,i h done1 y get no m ( me2 ,& ,i am glad1 yea1 glad ) all my he>t1 ,t ?us s cleanly ,i myself c free2 ,%ake h&s = ev]1 cancel all our v[s1 ,& :5 we meet at any "t aga91 ,be x n se5 9 ei!r ( our br[s ,t we "o jot ( =m] love reta94 ,n[ at ! la/ gasp ( love's late/ brea?1 ,:51 8 pulse fail+1 passion spee*less lies1 ,:5 fai? is kneel+ by 8 b$ ( dea?1 ,& innoc5ce is clos+ up 8 eyes1 --,n[ if ?\ w\ld'/1 :5 all h giv5 him ov]1 ,f dea? to life ?\ might'/ him yet recov]6 7,,drayton3 ,love's ,f>ewell4 #aeid47 ,rossetti call$ ?is sonnet p]haps ! be/ 9 ! language4 ,drayton's sonnet-sequ5ce1 ! ,idea1 foll[s ! ,%aksp]ian =m2 & ! pres5t specim5 illu/rates h[ ! important division ( ?is type ( sonnet is betwe5 ! quatra9s & ! f9al c\plet4 ,"o day ,i wrote h] "n ^u ! /r&2 ,b came ! waves & wa%$ x away3 ,aga9 ,i wrote x ) a second h&1 ,b came ! tide & made my pa9s 8 prey4 ,va9 man6 said %e1 t do/ 9 va9 essay ,a mortal ?+ s to immortalize2 ,= ,i myself %all l to ?is decay1 ,& eke my "n be wip$ out likewise4 ,n s 7quo? ,i72 let bas] ?+s devise ,to die 9 du/1 b y %all live by fame2 ,my v]se y\r virtues r>e %all et]nize1 ,& 9 ! heav5s write y\r glori\s "n1-- ,:]e1 :5as dea? %all all ! _w subdue1 ,our love %all live1 & lat] life r5ew4 7,,sp5s]3 ,amoretti1 lxxv4 #aeie47 ,! sonnets 9 ,sp5s]'s collect$ poems numb] #agg1 ( :i* fifty-six are 9 ! common ,engli% 7,surrey7 =m1 ! rema9d]--l ! pres5t specim5--rim+ ababbcbccdcdee4 ,?is ord] ( rimes rem9ds u ( t 9 ! ,sp5s]ian /anza1 & mu/ h be5 devis$ by ,sp5s] at ab\t ! same "t4 ,x has nev] be5 adopt$ by o!r poets4 ,:51 9 disgrace ) =tune & m5's eyes1 ,i all alone beweep my outca/ /ate1 ,& tr\ble deaf heav5 ) my bootless cries1 ,& look ^u myself & curse my fate2 ,wi%+ me l to "o m ri* 9 hope1 ,featur$ l him1 l him ) fri5ds posse/1 ,desir+ ?is man's art1 & t man's scope1 ,) :at ,i mo/ enjoy cont5t$ lea/2 ,yet 9 ^! ?\ghts myself almo/ despis+1 ,haply ,i ?9k on !e--& !n my /ate1 ,l to ! l>k at break ( day aris+ ,f sull5 e>?1 s+s hymns at heav5's gate2 ,= ?y sweet love rememb]'d su* weal? br+s ,t !n ,i scorn to *ange my /ate ) k+s4 7,,%aksp]e3 ,sonnet xxix4 #afji47 ,t "t ( ye> ?\ may'/ 9 me behold ,:5 yell[ leaves1 or none1 or few1 d hang ,^u ^? b\ghs :i* %ake aga9/ ! cold1 ,b>e ru9'd *oirs1 :]e late ! sweet birds sang3 ,9 me ?\ see'/ ! twilight ( su* day ,z aft] sunset fade? 9 ! we/1 ,:i* by & by black night do? take away1 ,dea?'s second self1 t seals up all 9 re/3 ,9 me ?\ see'/ ! gl[+ ( su* fire ,t on ! a%es ( 8 y\? do? lie1 ,z ! dea?-b$ :]eon x mu/ expire1 ,consum'd ) t :i* x 0 n\ri%'d by3 --,?is ?\ p]ceiv'/1 :i* makes ?y love m /rong1 ,to love t well :i* ?\ mu/ leave ere long4 7,,%aksp]e3 ,sonnet lxxiii4 #afji47 ,^! two specim5s1 p]haps ! favorites ( z _m read]s z any :i* c\ld be *os51 mu/ s]ve to repres5t ! sonnets ( ,%aksp]e4 ,! :ole numb] ( ^! is #aed1 & all are 9 ! ,engli% =m4 ,slight irregul>ities 9 ! rime-s*eme w be f\nd 9 ab\t fifte54 ,numb] #ii has fifte5 l9es & #abf 7sometimes call$ ! ,epilogue to ! fir/ "p ( ! s]ies7 has only twelve4 ,numb] #bj is :olly bas$ on fem99e rimes4#ch ,"l1 ) :at c>e ha/ ,?\ begirt u r\nd6 ,p>5ts fir/ season u2 !n s*oolma/]s ,deliv] u to laws2 !y s5d u b\nd ,to rules ( reason1 holy mess5g]s1 ,pulpits & ,sundays1 sorr[ dogg+ s91 ,afflictions sort$1 angui% ( all sizes1 ,f9e nets & /ratagems to cat* u 91 ,bibles laid op51 millions ( surprises1 ,bless+s be=eh&1 ties ( gratefulness1 ,! s\nd ( glory r++ 9 our e>s2 ,)\t1 our %ame2 )91 our consci5ces2 ,angels & grace1 et]nal hopes & fe>s4 ,yet all ^! f5ces & _! :ole array ,"o cunn+ bosom-s9 bl[s q away4 7,,george ,,h]b]t3 ,s94 #afca47 ,9 va9 to me ! smil+ morn+s %9e1 ,& r$d5+ ,phoebus lifts 8 gold5 fire2 ,! birds 9 va9 _! amor\s descant jo91 ,or *e]ful fields resume _! gre5 attire4 ,^! e>s1 alas6 = o!r notes rep9e1 ,a diff]5t object d ^! eyes require2 ,my lonely angui% melts no he>t b m9e1 ,& 9 my brea/ ! imp]fect joys expire4 ,yet morn+ smiles ! busy race to *e]1 ,& new-born pleasure br+s to happi] m52 ,! fields to all _! wont$ tribute be>2 ,to w>m _! little loves ! birds compla92 ,i fruitless m\rn to him t _c he>1 ,& weep ! m because ,i weep 9 va94 7,,gray3 ,on ! ,dea? ( ,ri*>d ,we/4 #agdb47 ,on ! place ( ?is sonnet 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 see p4 #bgg1 above4 ,oh x is pleasant1 ) a he>t at ease1 ,j aft] sunset1 or by moonlight skies1 ,to make ! %ift+ cl\ds be :at y please1 ,or let ! easily-p]suad$ eyes ,own ea* qua9t lik5ess issu+ f ! m\ld ,( a fri5d's fancy2 or1 ) head b5t l[ ,& *eek aslant1 see riv]s fl[ ( gold ',twixt crimson bank2 & !n1 a travel]1 g ,f m\nt to m\nt ?r\gh ,cl\dl&1 gorge\s l&6 ,or li/5+ to ! tide1 ) clos$ sight1 ,be t bl9d b>d :o1 on ! ,*ian /r& ,by ^? deep s\nds possess$ ) inw>d light1 ,beheld ! ,iliad & ! ,odyssee ,rise to ! swell+ ( ! voiceful sea4 7,,col]idge3 ,fancy 9 ,nubibus4 #ahai47 ,! sonnets ( ,col]idge1 z has already be5 not$1 7 writt5 "u ! influ5ce ( ^? ( ,b[les1 & are n ( ! ,italian type4 ,he def9$ ! sonnet z a %ort poem 9 :i* "s lonely feel+ is develop$1 ?us emphasiz+1 l ,wordswor?1 ! idea ( unity r ?an ( progressive /ructure4 ,d>kly1 z by "s gloom$ mirror glass$1 ,h]e9 at times ! brood+ eye beholds ,! great sc>r$ visage ( ! pomp\s ,pa/1 ,b (t5] only ! embroid]$ folds ,& soil$ regality ( 8 r5t robe1 ,^: tatt]$ skirts are ru9$ dyna/ies ,& cumb] ) _! trail+ pride ! globe1 ,& sweep ! du/y ages 9 our eyes2 ,till ! _w seems a _w ( husks & bones ,:]e sightless ,se]s & ,immortals dead1 ,k+s t rememb] n _! awful ?rones1 ,inv9cible armies long s9ce vanqui%$1 ,& p[]less pot5tates & fooli% sages ,lie 'mid ! crumbl+ ( ! mossy ages4 7,,william ,,watson3 ,hi/ory47 ,,footnotes3 #ce ,x w p]haps be f\nd ( int]e/ to reproduce ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts ( ! ,sonnet giv5 by ,mr4 ,%>p 9 8 ,introduction to ,sonnets ( ?is ,c5tury 7p4 lxxviii73 #a4 ,! sonnet mu/ consi/ ( f\rte5 decasyllabic l9es4 #b4 ,its octave1 or major sy/em1 :e!r or n ?is be m>k$ by a pause 9 ! cad5ce aft] ! eigh? l9e1 mu/ 7unless ca/ 9 ! ,%akespe>ian m\ld7 foll[ a prescrib$ arrangem5t 9 ! rhyme-s\nds--namely1 ! fir/1 f\r?1 fif?1 & eigh? l9es mu/ rhyme on ! same s\nd1 & ! second1 ?ird1 six?1 & sev5? on ano!r4 #c4 ,its se/et1 or m9or sy/em1 may be arrang$ ) m fre$om1 b a rhym$ c\plet at ! close is only all[able :5 ! =m is ! ,engli% or ,%akespe>ian4 #d4 ,no t]m9al %\ld also occur 9 any o!r portion ( any o!r l9e 9 ! same sy/em2 & ! rhyme-s\nds 7#a7 ( ! octave %\ld be h>moni\sly at v>iance1 & 7#b7 ! rhyme-s\nds ( ! se/et %\ld be entirely di/9ct 9 intonation f ^? ( ! octave4444 #e4 ,x mu/ h no slov5l9ess ( diction1 no weak or indet]m9ate t]m9ations1 no vagu5ess ( conception1 & no obscurity4 #f4 ,x mu/ be absolutely complete 9 itself--i4e41 x mu/ be ! evolution ( "o ?\ght1 or "o emotion1 or "o poetically appreh5d$ fact4 #g4 ,x %\ld h ! *>act]i/ic ( app>5t inevitabl5ess1 & 9 expression be ample1 yet retic5t4444 #h4 ,! cont9uity ( ! ?\ght1 idea1 or emotion mu/ be unbrok5 ?r\gh\t4 #i4 ,cont9u\s sonority mu/ be ma9ta9$ f ! fir/ phrase to ! la/4 #aj4 ,! end mu/ be m impressive ?an ! comm5cem5t4 ,^! rules ( c\rse repres5t ! ideal ( ! /ricte/ ,italian =m1 & are by no means d]iv$ f ! prevail+ practice ( ,engli% poets4 #cf ,on ! /ructure & hi/ory ( ! sonnet1 see ,s*ipp]1 z cit$ above2 ,c4 ,toml9son3 ,! ,sonnet1 its ,orig91 ,/ructure1 & ,place 9 ,poetry 7#ahgd72 ,k4 ,l5tzn]3 ,ueb] das ,sonett und se9e ,ge/altung 9 d] englis*5 ,di*tung bis ,milton 7#ahhf72 ,leigh ,hunt & ,s4 ,a4 ,lee3 ,! ,book ( ! ,sonnet 7) introductory essay1 #ahfg72 ,w4 ,%>p3 ,sonnets ( ,?is ,c5tury 7) essay1 #ahhf72 ,s4 ,wadd+ton3 ,engli% ,sonnets by ,poets ( ! ,pa/1 & ,engli% ,sonnets by ,liv+ ,poets2 ,hall ,ca9e3 ,sonnets ( ,?ree ,c5turies 7#ahhb72 ,h4 ,corson3 ,prim] ( ,engli% ,v]se1 *ap4 x4 #cg ,9 #aege1 :5 ,gascoigne wrote 8 ,notes ( ,in/ruction1 he f\nd x necess>y to say3 ,"s ?9ke t all ,poemes 7be+ %ort7 may be call$ ,sonets1 z 9 de$e x is a dim9utive worde d]iv$ ( ,son>e1 b yet ,i c be/e all[e to call ^? ,sonnets :i*e are ( f\ret5e lynes1 e l9e conteyn+ t5ne syllables4 ,! fir/e twelve d ryme 9 /aves ( f\re l9es by crosse meetre1 & ! la/ two rym+ togi!r d conclude ! :ole4 7,arb]'s ,repr9t1 pp4 #ch1 #ci47 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 ! ,engli% sonnet :i* ,gascoigne ?us describes4 #ch ,%aksp]e also introduc$ sonnets into "s ( 8 e>li] plays3 ,love's ,labor's ,lo/1 ,all's ,well t ,ends ,well1 ,romeo & ,juliet1 & ,h5ry ,v4 ,see ,fleay's ,*ronicle ( ! ,engli% ,drama1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bbd1 & ,s*ell+'s ,elizabe?an ,lyrics1 p4 xxx4 ,v4 ,,! ,,ode ,! t]m ,ode is us$ ( ,engli% poetry ) consid]able vagu5ess4 ,! ,c5tury ,diction>y def9es ! ^w ?us3 ,a lyric poem expressive ( exalt$ or en?usia/ic emotion1 especially "o ( complex or irregul> metrical =m2 orig9ally & /rictly1 su* a composition int5d$ to be sung4 ,comp>e ) ?is ! def9ition ( ,mr4 ,gosse1 9 8 collection ( ,engli% ,odes3 ,any /ra9 ( en?usia/ic & exalt$ lyrical v]se1 direct$ to a fix$ purpose1 & deal+ progressively ) "o dignifi$ !me4 ,view$ f ! purely metrical /&po9t1 ,engli% odes are commonly ei!r 7a7 regul> ,p9d>ic odes1 imitative ( ! /ructure ( ! ,greek ode1 or 7b7 irregul>1 s-call$ ,p9d>ic or ,c[leyan odes4 ,a ?ird gr\p may be made ( =ms bas$ on ! imitation ( ! *oral odes ( ! ,greek drama4 ,!re is also a class ( odes call$ ,horatian1 made up ( simple lyrical /anzas2 ! "n ode is appli$ "h only because ( ! cont5t ( ! poem or because ( resemblance to ! s-call$ odes 7prop]ly c>m9a or songs7 ( ,horace1 & s9ce ^! ,horatian odes %[ no metrical peculi>ities !y w n be repres5t$ "h4#ci ,! *>act]i/ic effect ( ! ode is produc$ by ! v>y+ l5g?s ( l9es employ$1 & ! v>y+ di/ances at :i* ! rimes answ] "o ano!r4 ,?is v>iety1 9 ! h&s ( a ma/] ( v]se1 is capable ( spl5did effectiv5ess1 b x gives dang]\s lic5se to ! unskill$ writ]4 ,a4--,,regul> ,,p9d>ic ,,iii4#a ,! ,/rophe1 or ,turn ,x is n gr[+ l a tree ,9 bulk1 do? make m5 bett] be2 ,or /&+ long an oak1 ?ree hundr$ ye>1 ,to fall a log at la/1 dry1 bald1 & se>3 ,a lily ( a day ,is fair] f>1 9 ,may1 ,al?\gh x fall & die t night2 ,x 0 ! plant ( fl[] & light4 ,9 small proportions we j beauties see2 ,& 9 %ort measures life may p]fect be4 ,,iii4#b ,! ,anti/rophe1 or ,c\nt]-turn ,call1 noble ,lucius1 !n = w9e1 ,& let ?y looks ) gladness %9e2 ,accept ?is g>l&1 plant x on ?y head1 ,& ?9k1 nay "k1 ?y ,morison's n dead4 ,he leap'd ! pres5t age1 ,possess'd ) holy rage1 ,to see t bright et]nal day2 ,( :i* we prie/s & poets say ,su* tru?s z we expect = happy m53 ,& !re he lives ) memory1 & ,b54 ,,iii4#c ,! ,epode1 or ,/& ,jonson1 :o sung ?is ( him1 ere he w5t1 ,himself1 to re/1 ,or ta/e a "p ( t full joy he meant ,to h express'd1 ,9 ?is bright a/]ism6-- ,:]e x 7 fri5d%ip's s*ism1 ,7 n 8 ,lucius long ) u to t>ry1 ,to sep>ate ^! twi- ,lights1 ! ,dioscuri2 ,& keep ! "o half f 8 ,h>ry4 ,b fate do? s alt]nate ! design1 ,:il/ t 9 heav51 ?is light on e>? mu/ %9e4 7,,b5 ,,jonson3 ,a ,p9d>ic ,ode on ! dea? ( ,sir ,h4 ,morison4 #afbi47 ,?is ode ( ,jonson's is app>5tly ! e>lie/1 & rema9$ = a long "t ! only1 notable ,engli% ode bas$ on ! /rict /ructure ( ! ,greek orig9al4 ,! ,greek ode 0 commonly divid$ into ! /rophe1 ! anti/rophe1 & ! epode2 ! /rophe & anti/rophe be+ id5tical 9 /ructure1 ?\gh v>y+ 9 diff]5t odes1 & ! epode be+ ( diff]5t /ructure4 ,jonson !re=e foll[$ ! classical =m c>efully1 & introduc$ ,engli% t]ms to express ! orig9al ?ree divisions4 ,pr(essor ,bronson obs]ves1 9 8 ,introduction to ! ,odes ( ,coll9s3 ,x is a commonplace t ! ,p9d>ic ,ode 9 ,engli% is an artificial exotic1 ( slight native =ce1 & unable to reproduce ! effects ( ! ,greek orig9al4 ,! reason is obvi\s4 ,! ,greek odes 7 accompani$ by music & danc+1 ! s+]s mov+ to "o side dur+ ! /rophe1 retrac+ _! /eps dur+ ! anti/rophe1 444 & /&+ /ill dur+ ! epode4 ,! e> 0 ?us help$ by ! eye1 & ! divisions ( ! ode 7 di/9ct & significant4 ,b 9 an ,engli% ,p9d>ic ! elaborate correspond5ces & diff]5ces betwe5 /rophe1 anti/rophe1 & epode are lo/ ^u mo/ read]s1 & ev5 ! critical read] d]ives f !m a pleasure intellectual r ?an s5su\s4 7,edition ( ,coll9s1 ,a!num ,press ,s]ies1 ,introduction1 pp4 lxxiv1 lxxv47 ,i#a ,daught] ( ,memory1 immortal ,muse1 ,calliope1 :at poet wilt ?\ *oose1 ,( ,anna's "n to s+8 ,to :om wilt ?\ ?y fire imp>t1 ,?y lyre1 ?y voice1 & tuneful art1 ,:om raise sublime on ?y e!real w+1 ,& consecrate ) dews ( ?y ,ca/alian spr+8 ,i#b ,)\t ?y aid1 ! mo/ aspir+ m9d ,mu/ flag b5ea?1 to n>r[ flights conf9'd1 ,/riv+ to rise 9 va92 ,nor e'er c hope ) equal lays ,to celebrate bright ,virtue's praise4 ,?9e aid obta9'd1 ev5 ,i1 ! humble/ swa91 ,may climb ,pi]ian heights1 & quit ! l[ly pla94 ,i#c ,high 9 ! />ry orb is hung1 ,& next ,alcides' gu>dian arm1 ,t h>p to :i* ?y ,orpheus sung1 ,:o woods & rocks & w9ds c\ld *>m2 ,t h>p :i* on ,cyll5e's %ady hill1 ,:5 fir/ ! vocal %ell 0 f\nd1 ,) m ?an mortal skill ,inv5tor ,h]mes taught to s\nd3 ,h]mes on bright ,latona's son1 ,by sweet p]suasion won1 ,! wondr\s "w be/['d2 ,latona's son1 to ?9e ,indulg5t1 gave ! gift div9e3 ,a god ! gift1 a god ?' inv5tion %['d4 7,,congreve3 ,a ,p9d>ic ,ode on ! victori\s progress ( h] ,maje/y's ,arms4 #agjf47 ,to ,congreve is due ! cr$it = ! revival ( ! regul> ode 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 aft] x _h be5 long =gott5 by ,engli% poets4 ,meantime ! irregul> =m1 devis$ by ,c[ley1 _h become popul>2 & aga9/ ! lic5se ( ?is ,congreve prote/$ 9 8 ,disc\rse on ! ,p9d>ic ,ode1 prefix$ to 8 ,ode ( #agjf4 7,see ,mr4 ,gosse's ,introduction to ,engli% ,odes1 p4 xvii41 & 8 ,life ( ,congreve1 p4 #aeh47 ,congreve said 9 8 ,disc\rse3 ,! foll[+ ode is an attempt t[>ds re/or+ ! regul>ity ( ! anci5t lyric poetry1 :i* seems to be altoge!r =gott51 or unkn[n1 by our ,engli% writ]s4 ,!re is no?+ m frequ5t among u ?an a sort ( poems entitl$ ,p9d>ic ,odes1 pret5d+ to be writt5 9 imitation ( ! mann] & /yle ( ,p9d>1 & yet ,i d n "k t !re is to ?is day extant1 9 our language1 "o ode contriv$ aft] 8 model4444 ,! "* ( ^! late ,p9d>ics is a bundle ( rambl+ incoh]5t ?\ghts1 express$ 9 a l p>cel ( irregul> /anzas1 :i* also consi/ ( su* ano!r complication ( disproportion$1 unc]ta91 & p]plex$ v]ses & rhymes4444 ,on ! contr>y1 !re is no?+ m regul> ?an ! odes ( ,p9d>1 bo? z to ! exact obs]vation ( ! measures & numb]s ( 8 /anzas & v]ses1 & ! p]petual coh]5ce ( 8 ?\ghts4444 ,?\gh !re be no necessity t our triumphal odes %\ld consi/ ( ! ?ree a=e-m5tion$ /anzas1 yet if ! read] c obs]ve t ! great v>iation ( ! numb]s 9 ! ?ird /anza 7call x epode1 or :at y please7 has a pleas+ effect 9 ! ode1 & makes him return to ! fir/ & second /anzas ) m appetite ?an he c\ld d if always cloy$ ) ! same quantities & measures1 ,i _c see :y "s use may n be made ( ,p9d>'s example1 to ! great improvem5t ( ! ,engli% ode4 ,!re is c]ta9ly a pleasure 9 behold+ any?+ t has art & difficulty 9 ! contrivance1 especially if x appe>s s c>efully execut$ t ! difficulty does n %[ itself till x is s\ght =4444 ,hav+ m5tion$ ,mr4 ,c[ley1 x may v well be expect$ t some?+ %\ld be said ( him1 at a "t :5 ! imitation ( ,p9d> is ! !me ( our disc\rse4 ,b !re is t great def]5ce due to ! memory1 great p>ts1 & le>n+1 ( t g5tleman1 t ,i ?9k no?+ %\ld be object$ to ! latitude he has tak5 9 8 ,p9d>ic odes4 ,! beauty ( 8 v]ses is an atonem5t = ! irregul>ity ( 8 /anzas4444 ,yet ,i mu/ beg leave to add t ,i believe ^? irregul> odes ( ,mr4 ,c[ley may h be5 ! pr9cipal1 ?\gh innoc5t1 occasion ( s _m de=m$ poems s9ce1 :i*1 in/ead ( be+ true pictures ( ,p9d>1 h 7to use ! ,italian pa9t]s' t]m7 be5 only c>icatures ( him4 7,disc\rse on ! ,p9d>ic ,ode1 9 ,*alm]s's ,engli% ,poets1 vol4 x4 p4 #cjj47 ,:o %all awake ! ,sp>tan fife1 ,& call 9 solemn s\nds to life ,! y\?s ^: locks div9ely spread+1 ,l v]nal hyac9?s 9 sull5 hue1 ,at once ! brea? ( fe> & virtue %$d+1 ,applaud+ ,fre$om lov'd ( old to view8 ,:at new ,alcu1 fancy-ble/1 ,%all s+ ! sword1 9 myrtles dre/1 ,at ,wisdom's %r9e a:ile its flame conceal+ 7,:at place s fit to seal a de$ r5[n$871 ,till %e h] brighte/ lightn+s r\nd reveal+1 ,x leap'd 9 glory =?1 & dealt h] prompt$ w\nd8 ,o goddess1 9 t feel+ h\r1 ,:5 mo/ its s\nds w\ld c\rt ?y e>s1 ,let n my %ell's misguid$ p[] ,e'er draw ?y sad1 ?y m9dful te>s4 ,no1 ,fre$om1 no1 ,i w n tell ,h[ ,rome be=e ?y weep+ face1 ,) heavie/ s\nd1 a giant /atue1 fell1 ,pu%'d by a wild & artless race ,f (f its wide ambiti\s base1 ,:5 ,"t 8 ,nor!rn sons ( spoil awoke1 ,& all ! bl5d$ "w ( /r5g? & grace1 ,) _m a rude repeat$ /roke1 ,& _m a b>b'r\s yell1 to ?\s& fragm5ts broke4444 ,beyond ! measure va/ ( ?\ght1 ,! works ! wiz>d ,"t has wr\ght6 ,! ,gaul1 'tis held ( antique /ory1 ,saw ,brita9 l9k'd to 8 n[ adv]se /r&2 ,no sea betwe51 nor cliff sublime & ho>y1 ,he pass'd ) unwet feet ?ro' all our l&4 ,to ! bl[n ,baltic !n1 !y say1 ,! wild waves f\nd ano!r way1 ,:]e ,orcas h[ls1 8 wolfi% m\nta9s r\nd+2 ,till all ! b&$ ,we/ at once 'gan rise1 ,a wide wild /orm ev'n ,nature's self conf\nd+1 ,)'r+ h] giant sons ) /range unc\? surprise4 ,?is pill>'d e>? s firm & wide1 ,by w9ds & inw>d labors torn1 ,9 ?und]s dread 0 pu%'d aside1 ,& d[n ! %\ld'r+ bill[s borne4 ,& see1 l gems1 h] laugh+ tra91 ,! little isles on e side6 ,mona1 once hid f ^? :o se>* ! ma91 ,:]e ?\s& elf9 %apes abide1 ,& ,wight1 :o *ecks ! we/'r+ tide2 ,= !e cons5t+ ,heav5 has ea* be/[$1 ,a fair att5dant on h] sov]eign pride4 ,to !e ?is ble/ divorce %e ow'd1 ,= ?\ ha/ made h] vales ?y lov'd1 ?y la/ abode6 7,,coll9s3 ,ode to ,lib]ty1 /rophe & anti/rophe4 #agdf47 ,?is ode consi/s ( /rophe1 epode1 anti/rophe1 & second epode4 ,! anti/rophe corresponds metrically to ! /rophe1 z usual2 ! epodes are 9 f\r-/ress c\plets4 ,x 0 ,coll9s's habit to place ! epode betwe5 ! /rophe & anti/rophe1 p]haps1 z ,pr(essor ,bronson sugge/s1 9 ord] t x may produce an impression ( its own analog\s to t ( ! ,greek epode1 namely1 an impression ( relief & repose4 ,mr4 ,bronson says fur!r ( ,coll9s's odes3 ,coll9s 0 less s*ol>ly ?an ,gray1 b he 0 bold] & m orig9al2 & consci\sly or unconsci\sly he s con/ruct$ 8 odes t _! organic p>ts /& out cle>ly di/9ct & produce effects analog\s to ^? produc$ by ! ,greek ode4 ,9 brief1 8 me?od 01 fir/1 to make l>ge divisions ( ! ?\ght correspond to ! l>ge divisions ( ! =m2 &1 second1 to ?r[ out into relief ! complex /rophe & anti/rophe by contra/+ !m ) a simple epode4 ,! read] may n p]ceive ! m9ute correspond5ces 9 =m betwe5 /rophe & anti/rophe1 b he c h>dly fail to feel t ! two answ] to "o ano!r 9 a g5]al way4 7,a!num ,press edition ( ,coll9s1 ,introduction1 p4 lxxv47 ,,iii#a ,f> f ! sun & summ]-gale1 ,9 ?y gre5 lap 0 ,nature's ,d>l+ laid1 ,:at "t1 :]e lucid ,avon /ray$1 ,to him ! mighty ,"m did unveil ,h] awful face4 ,! dauntless ,*ild ,/ret*$ =? 8 little arms1 & smil$4 ,?is p5cil take 7%e said7 ^: colors cle> ,ri*ly pa9t ! v]nal ye>2 ,?9e too ^! gold5 keys1 immortal ,boy6 ,?is c unlock ! gates ( ,joy1 ,( ,horror t1 & ?rill+ ,fe>s1 ,or ope ! sacr$ s\rce ( sympa!tic ,te>s4 ,,iii#b ,nor second he1 t rode sublime ,^u ! s]aph-w+s ( ,ec/asy1 ,! secrets ( ?' ,abyss to spy1 ,he pass'd ! flam+ b\nds ( ,place & ,"t2 ,! liv+ ,?rone1 ! sapphire-blaze1 ,:]e ,angels tremble :ile !y gaze1 ,he saw2 b1 bla/$ ) excess ( light1 ,clos'd 8 eyes 9 endless night4 ,behold1 :]e ,dryd5's less presumptu\s c> ,wide o'er ! fields ( glory be> ,two c\rs]s ( e!real race1 ,) necks 9 ?und] clo?'d1 & long-res\nd+ pace4 ,,iii#c ,h>k1 8 h&s ! lyre explore6 ,bright-ey$ ,fancy hov]+ o'er ,scatt]s f h] pictur$ urn ,?\ghts t brea!1 & words t burn4 ,b ah6 'tis he>d no m-- ,oh6 ,lyre div9e1 :at d>+ _s ,wakes !e n[8 ?o' he inh]it ,nor ! pride1 nor ample p9ion1 ,t ! ,!ban ,eagle be> ,sail+ ) supreme dom9ion ,?ro' ! azure deep ( air2 ,yet (t be=e 8 infant eyes w\ld run ,su* =ms z glitt] 9 ! ,muse's ray ,) ori5t hues1 unborr['d ( ! sun2 ,yet %all he m\nt1 & keep 8 di/ant way ,beyond ! limits ( a vulg> fate1 ,b5ea? ! good h[ f>--b f> above ! great4 7,,gray3 ,! ,progress ( ,poesy4 #ageg47 ,gray's ,progress ( ,poesy is probably to be reg>d$ z ! *ief ( all ,engli% odes ( ! regul> ,p9d>ic =m4 ,mr4 ,l[ell said1 inde$1 t x ov]flies all o!r ,engli% lyrics l an eagle4 ,! ,b>d is 9 precisely ! same =m1 & %[s ! same skill 9 ! wield+ ( ! intricately v>y+ melodies ( ! l9es ( diff]5t l5g?4 ,b4--,,irregul> 7,,c[leyan7 ,:om ?und]'s dismal noise1 ,& all t ,prophets & ,apo/les l\d] spake1 ,& all ! creatures' pla9 conspir+ voice1 ,c\ld n1 :il/ !y liv'd1 awake1 ,?is mighti] s\nd %all make ,:5 dead t' arise1 ,& op5 tombs1 & op5 eyes1 ,to ! long slugg>ds ( five ?\s& ye>s4 ,?is mighti] s\nd %all wake its he>]s' e>s4 ,!n %all ! scatt]'d atoms cr[d+ come ,back to _! anci5t home4 ,"s f birds1 f fi%es "s1 ,"s f e>?1 & "s f seas1 ,"s f bea/s1 & "s f trees4 ,"s desc5d f cl\ds on high1 ,"s f metals upw>ds fly1 ,& :]e ?' att5d+ s\l nak$ & %iv]+ /&s1 ,meet1 salute1 & jo9 _! h&s1 ,z disp]s'd soldi]s at ! trumpet's call ,ha/e to _! colors all4 ,unhappy mo/1 l tortur'd m51 ,_! jo9ts new set1 to be new-rack'd aga91 ,to m\nta9s !y = %elt] pray2 ,! m\nta9s %ake1 & run ab\t no less confus'd ?an !y4 ,/op1 /op1 my ,muse6 allay ?y vig'r\s heat1 ,k9dl$ at a h9t s great4 ,hold ?y ,p9d>ic ,pegasus closely 91 ,:i* does to rage beg91 ,& ?is /eep hill w\ld gallop up ) viol5t c\rse2 ',tis an unruly & a h>d-m\?'d horse1 ,fi]ce1 & unbrok5 yet1 ,impati5t ( ! spur or bit2 ,n[ prances /ately1 & anon flies o'er ! place2 ,disda9s ! s]vile law ( any settl$ pace2 ,consci\s & pr\d ( 8 own natural =ce1 ',twill no unskilful t\* endure1 ,b fl+s writ] & read] too t sits n sure4 7,,c[ley3 ,! ,resurrection1 /rophes iii4 & iv4 #afef74 ,c[ley1 z has already appe>$1 introduc$ ! irregul> ode into ,engli% poetry1 call+ x ,p9d>ic "u a misappreh5sion ( ! real /ructure ( ! ,greek odes4 ,he publi%$ fifte5 ,p9d>ique ,odes 9 #afef 7see ! ,preface to ^!1 9 ,gros>t's edition ( 8 works1 vol4 ii4 p4 #d74 ,! pres5t specim5 illu/rates ! really n unskilful use :i* ,c[ley made ( ! v>y+ cad5ces ( ! =m1 & also sets =?--9 ! amus+ conclud+ l9es--8 own idea ( its difficulties4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ,c[ley's odes1 ! new =m spe$ily became popul>4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,johnson1 ?is lax & lawless v]sification s mu* conceal$ ! defici5cies ( ! b>r51 & flatt]$ ! laz9ess ( ! idle1 t x imm$iately ov]-spread our books ( poetry2 all ! boys & girls caught ! pleas+ fa%ion1 & !y :o c\ld d no?+ else c\ld write l ,p9d>4 7,life ( ,c[ley47 ,comp>e also ! rem>ks ( ,mr4 ,gosse3 ,until ! days ( ,coll9s & ,gray1 ! ode modell$ ^u ,c[ley 0 n only ! univ]sal m$ium = congratulatory lyrics & pomp\s occasional pieces1 b x 0 almo/ ! only v>iety p]mitt$ to ! melan*oly g5]ations ov] :om ! h]oic c\plet reign$ supreme4 7,sev5te5? ,c5tury ,/udies1 p4 #baf47 ,x has be5 ! habit ( mod]n critics to treat ! irregul>ities ( ! ,c[leyan ode ) no little contempt1 & x is und\bt$ly true t 9 ! h&s ( small poets its lib]ties are dang]\s2 b x is also true t "s ( ! greate/ mod]n poets h adopt$ ! =m = "s ( _! be/ "w1 & t !y h g5]ally pref]r$ x to t ( ! regul> ,p9d>ic ode4 ,:5 9 mid-air ! gold5 trump %all s\nd1 ,to raise ! nations "u gr\nd2 ,:5 9 ! valley ( ,jeho%aphat ,! judg+ ,god %all close ! book ( ,fate1 ,& !re ! la/ assizes keep ,= ^? :o wake & ^? :o sleep2 ,:5 rattl+ bones toge!r fly ,f ! f\r corn]s ( ! sky2 ,:5 s9ews o'er ! skeletons are spread1 ,^? clo?'d ) fle%1 & life inspires ! dead2 ,! sacr$ poets fir/ %all he> ! s\nd1 ,& =emo/ f ! tomb %all b\nd1 ,= !y are cov]$ ) ! lighte/ gr\nd2 ,& /raight1 ) inborn vigor1 on ! w+1 ,l m\nt+ l>ks1 to ! new morn+ s+4 ,!re ?\1 sweet sa9t1 be=e ! *oir %alt g1 ,z h>b+] ( heav51 ! way to %[1 ,! way :i* ?\ s well ha/ le>n'd bel[4 7,,dryd53 ,to ! ,pi\s ,memory ( ,mi/ress ,anne ,killigrew1 /rophe x4 #afhf47 ,see also specim5 f ! ,ode = ,/4 ,cecilia's ,day1 quot$ above1 p4 #eb4 ,dryd5's odes = ,/4 ,cecilia's ,day 7especially ! ,alex&]'s ,fea/7 are among ! mo/ highly e/eem$ ( 8 poems2 b p>ts1 at lea/1 ( ! ode on ,mi/ress ,killigrew are no less f9e1 & 9 ?is case we h a purely lit]>y ode1 ^: irregul>ities are n design$--z 9 ! case ( ! o!rs--to fit *oral r5d]+4 ,! conclusion ( ! ode1 "h quot$1 seems to owe some?+ ( bo? sub/ance & =m to ! conclusion ( ,c[ley's ,resurrection ,ode 7see prec$+ specim574 ,dr4 ,johnson call$ ,dryd5's ,killigrew ,ode und\bt$ly ! noble/ ode t our language ev] has produc$4 ,la/ came ,joy's ec/atic trial4 ,he1 ) v9y cr[n advanc+1 ,fir/ to ! lively pipe 8 h& addre/2 ,b soon he saw ! brisk awak'n+ viol1 ,^: sweet entranc+ voice he lov$ ! be/4 ,!y w\ld h ?\ght1 :o he>d ! /ra91 ,!y saw 9 ,tempe's vale h] native maids1 ,amid/ ! fe/al s\nd+ %ades1 ,to "s unwe>i$ m9/rel danc+1 ,:ile1 z 8 fly+ f+]s kiss'd ! /r+s1 ,love fram'd ) ,mir? a gay fanta/ic r\nd2 ,loose 7 h] tresses se51 h] zone unb\nd1 ,& he1 amid/ 8 frolic play1 ,z if he w\ld ! *>m+ air repay1 ,%ook ?\s& odors f 8 dewy w+s4 7,,coll9s3 ,! ,passions4 #agdf47 ,i m>k$ ,ambition 9 8 w>-array6 ,i he>d ! mail$ ,mon>*'s tr\bl\s cry-- ,ah6 :]e=e does ! ,nor!rn ,conqu]ess /ay6 ,groans n h] *>iot on its onw>d way8 ,fly1 mail$ ,mon>*1 fly6 ,/unn$ by ,dea?'s twice mortal mace1 ,no m on murd]'s lurid face ,! insatiate hag %all gloat ) drunk5 eye6 ,manes ( ! unnumb]$ sla96 ,ye t gasp$ on ,w>saw's pla96 ,ye t er/ at ,ismail's t[]1 ,:5 human ru9 *ok$ ! /reams1 ,fell 9 conque/'s glutt$ h\r1 ,mid wom5's %rieks & infants' screams6 ,spirits ( ! unc(f9$ sla91 ,sudd5 bla/s ( triumph swell+1 ,(t1 at night1 9 mi/y tra91 ,ru% ar\nd h] n>r[ dwell+6 ,! ext]m9at+ fi5d is fl$-- 7,f\l h] life1 & d>k h] doom7-- ,mighty armies ( ! dead ,dance1 l dea?-fires1 r\nd h] tomb6 ,!n ) prophetic song relate ,ea* "s tyrant-murd]]'s fate6 7,,col]idge3 ,ode on ! ,dep>t+ ,ye>1 /rophe iii4 #agif47 ,?is ode 0 evid5tly int5d$ to be 9 ! regul> ,p9d>ic =m1 & 0 divid$ into /rophes1 anti/rophes1 & epodes2 b x soon broke into irregul>ity4 ,on ,col]idge's odes see "s rem>ks by ,mr4 ,!odore ,watts 9 ! article on ,poetry 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica4 ,our bir? is b a sleep & a =gett+3 ,! ,s\l t rises ) u1 our life's ,/>1 ,ha? _h else:]e its sett+1 ,& come? f af>3 ,n 9 entire =getfulness1 ,& n 9 utt] nak$ness1 ,b trail+ cl\ds ( glory d we come ,f ,god1 :o is our home4 ,heav5 lies ab\t u 9 our infancy6 ,%ades ( ! prison-h\se beg9 to close ,^u ! gr[+ boy1 ,b he beholds ! light1 & :5ce x fl[s1 ,he sees x 9 8 joy2 ,! y\?1 :o daily f>!r f ! ea/ ,mu/ travel1 /ill is ,nature's prie/1 ,& by ! vision spl5did ,is on 8 way att5d$2 ,at l5g? ! man p]ceives x die away1 ,& fade into ! light ( common day4444 ,o joy6 t 9 our emb]s ,is some?+ t do? live1 ,t nature yet rememb]s ,:at 0 s fugitive6 ,! ?\ght ( our pa/ ye>s 9 me do? bre$ ,p]petual b5$iction3 n inde$ ,= t :i* is mo/ wor?y to be ble/2 ,delight & lib]ty1 ! simple cre$ ,( *ildhood1 :e!r busy or at re/1 ,) new-fl$g$ hope /ill flutt]+ 9 8 brea/3-- ,n = ^! ,i raise ,! song ( ?anks & praise2 ,b = ^? ob/9ate que/ion+s ,( s5se & outw>d ?+s1 ,fall+s f u1 vani%+s2 ,blank misgiv+s ( a creature ,mov+ ab\t 9 worlds n realiz$1 ,high in/9cts be=e :i* our mortal nature ,did tremble l a guilty ?+ surpris$3 ,b = ^? fir/ affections1 ,^? %ad[y recollections1 ,:i*1 be !y :at !y may1 ,are yet ! f\nta9 light ( all our day1 ,are yet a ma/] light ( all our see+2 ,uphold u1 *]i%1 & h p[] to make ,our noisy ye>s seem mom5ts 9 ! be+ ,( ! et]nal ,sil5ce3 tru?s t wake ,to p]i% nev]2 ,:i* nei!r li/lessness1 nor mad endeavor1 ,nor man nor boy1 ,nor all t is at enmity ) joy1 ,c utt]ly aboli% or de/roy6 ,h5ce 9 a season ( calm wea!r1 ,?\gh inl& f> we be1 ,our s\ls h sight ( t immortal sea ,:i* br\ght u hi!r1 ,c 9 a mom5t travel ?i!r1 ,& see ! *ildr5 sport ^u ! %ore1 ,& he> ! mighty wat]s roll+ ev]more4 7,,wordswor?3 ,intimations ( ,immortality1 /rophes v4 & ix4 #ahjg47 ,9 ?is poem ! ,engli% ode may be said to h rea*$ its high-wat] m>k4 ,pr(essor ,corson obs]ves3 ,! sev]al metres are felt1 9 ! c\rse ( ! read+ ( ! ,ode1 to be organic--insep>able f :at ea* is employ$ to express4 ,! rhymes1 too1 ) _! v>y+ degrees ( emphasis1 accord+ to ! ne>ness or remot5ess1 & ! l5g?1 ( ! rhym+ v]ses1 are equally a "p ( ! expression4444 ,! feel+s ( ! read] ( ,engli% poetry get to be set1 s to speak1 to ! p5tamet] measure1 z 9 t measure ! l>ge/ portion ( ,engli% poetry is writt52 &1 accord+ly1 o!r measures d]ive "s effect f t fact4 ,9 ! !me-metre1 g5]ally1 ! m reflective portions ( ! ,ode1 its deep] tones1 are express$4 ,! gladd] notes come 9 ! %ort] metres4444 ,wordswor? nev] wrote any poem ( :i* x c be m truly said ?an ( 8 great ,ode1 ',( ! s\l ! body =m do? take4' 7,prim] ( ,engli% ,v]se1 pp4 #cb-cd47 ,!n g5tle w9ds arose ,) _m a m+l$ close ,( wild olian s\nd & m\nta9-odor ke52 ,& :]e ! ,baian ocean ,welt]s ) airlike motion1 ,)91 above1 ar\nd its b[]s ( />ry gre51 ,mov+ ! sea-fl[]s 9 ^? purple caves ,ev5 z ! ev] /ormless atmosph]e ,floats o'er ! ,elysian realm1 ,x bore me l an ,angel1 o'er ! waves ,( sunlight1 ^: swift p9nace ( dewy air ,no /orm c ov]:elm2 ,i sail$1 :]e ev] fl[s ,"u ! calm ,s]5e ,a _s ( deep emotion ,f ! unkn[n graves ,( ! dead k+s ( ,melody4 ,%ad[y ,aornos d>k5$ o'er ! helm ,! horizontal e!r2 heav5 /ripp$ b>e ,its dep?s ov] ,elysium1 :]e ! pr[ ,made ! invisible wat] :ite z sn[2 ,f t ,typhan m\nt1 ,in>ime1 ,!re /ream$ a sunlight vapor1 l ! /&>d ,( "s e!real ho/2 ,:il/ f ! coa/1 ,l\d] & l\d]1 ga!r+ r\nd1 !re w&]$ ,ov] ! oracul> woods & div9e sea ,prophesy+s :i* grew articulate-- ,!y seize me--,i mu/ speak !m--be !y fate6 7,,%elley3 ,ode to ,naples1 /rophe ii4 #ahai47 ,bury ! ,great ,duke ,) an empire's lam5tation1 ,let u bury ! ,great ,duke ,to ! noise ( ! m\rn+ ( a mighty nation1 ,m\rn+ :5 _! lead]s fall1 ,w>riors c>ry ! w>rior's pall1 ,& sorr[ d>k5s hamlet & hall4 ,:]e %all we lay ! man :om we deplore8 ,"h1 9 /ream+ ,london's c5tral ro>4 ,let ! s\nd ( ^? he wr\ght =1 ,& ! feet ( ^? he f\ght =1 ,e*o r\nd 8 bones = ev]more4 ,lead out ! pageant3 sad & sl[1 ,z fits an univ]sal woe1 ,let ! long long procession g1 ,& let ! sorr[+ cr[d ab\t x gr[1 ,& let ! m\rnful m>tial music bl[2 ,! la/ great ,engli%man is l[4444 444 ,we rev]e1 & :ile we he> ,! tides ( ,music's gold5 sea ,sett+ t[>d et]nity1 ,uplift$ high 9 he>t & hope are we1 ,until we d\bt n t = "o s true ,!re mu/ be o!r nobl] "w to d ,?an :5 he f\ght at ,wat]loo1 ,& ,victor he mu/ ev] be4 ,= ?\gh ! ,giant ,ages heave ! hill ,& break ! %ore1 & ev]more ,make & break1 & "w _! w2 ,?\gh _w on _w 9 myriad myriads roll ,r\nd u1 ea* ) diff]5t p[]s1 ,& o!r =ms ( life ?an ours1 ,:at "k we great] ?an ! s\l8 ,on ,god & ,godlike m5 we build our tru/4 ,hu%1 ! ,dead ,m>* wails 9 ! p's e>s3 ,! d>k cr[d moves1 & !re are sobs & te>s3 ,! black e>? yawns3 ! mortal disappe>s2 ,a%es to a%es1 du/ to du/2 ,he is gone :o seem$ s great4-- ,gone2 b no?+ c b]eave him ,( ! =ce he made 8 own ,be+ "h1 & we believe him ,some?+ f> advanc$ 9 /ate1 ,& t he we>s a tru] cr[n ,?an any wrea? t man c weave him4 ,speak no m ( 8 r5[n1 ,lay y\r e>?ly fancies d[n1 ,& 9 ! va/ ca!dral leave him4 ,god accept him1 ,*ri/ receive him4 7,,t5nyson3 ,on ! ,dea? ( ! ,duke ( ,well+ton1 /rophes i1 ii1 iii1 ix 79 "p74 #aheb47 ,?is ode ( ,t5nyson's is "o ( ! few poems 9 :i* he gave himself su* lib]ty ( =m 7comp>e "s ( ! irregul> measures ( ,maud74 ,x %[s 8 usual skill 9 ! adaptation ( metrical effects to ! purposes ( description4 ,dr4 ,h5ry ,van ,dyke has sugge/$ t ! v>y+--almo/ lawless--movem5ts ( ! op5+ l9es are design$ to sugge/ ! surg+ ( ! cr[d ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,london1 be=e ! entrance into ! ca!dral = ! fun]al4 ,b[ d[n1 de> ,l&1 = ?\ ha/ f\nd release6 ,?y ,god1 9 ^! di/emp]$ days1 ,ha? taught !e ! sure wisdom ( ,8 ways1 ,& ?r\gh ?9e enemies ha? wr\ght ?y peace6 ,b[ d[n 9 pray] & praise6 ,no poore/ 9 ?y bord]s b may n[ ,lift to ! ju/] skies a man's enfran*is$ br[4 ,o ,beautiful6 my ,c\ntry6 ours once m1 ,smoo?+ ?y gold ( w>-di%evell$ hair ,o'er su* sweet br[s z nev] o!r wore1 ,& lett+ ?y set lips1 ,fre$ f wra?'s pale eclipse1 ,! rosy edges ( _! smile lay b>e1 ,:at words div9e ( lov] or ( poet ,c\ld tell our love & make !e "k x1 ,among ! ,nations bright beyond comp>e8 ,:at 7 our lives )\t !e8 ,:at all our lives to save !e8 ,we reck n :at we gave !e2 ,we w n d>e to d\bt !e4 ,b ask :atev] else1 & we w d>e6 7,,l[ell3 ,h>v>d ,commemoration ,ode1 /rophe xii4 #ahfe47 ,?is is und\bt$ly ! f9e/ ( odes by ,am]ican poets1 & rema9s "o ( ! glories ( new-_w poetry4 ,its irregul> measures 7 design$ by ,mr4 ,l[ell to fit ! poem = public read+ 7see 8 lett] to ,mr4 ,gosse on ! subject1 quot$ 9 ! ,app5dix to ,gosse's ,sev5te5? ,c5tury ,/udies74 ,9 ! ,ye> ( ! great ,crime1 ,:5 ! false ,engli% nobles & _! ,jew1 ,by ,god dem5t$1 slew ,! ,tru/ !y /ood ?rice pl$g$ to keep f wrong1 ,"o said1 ,take up ?y ,song1 ,t brea!s ! mild & almo/ my?ic "t ,( ,engl&'s prime6 ,b ,i1 ,ah1 me1 ,! fre$om ( ! few ,t1 9 our free ,l&1 7 inde$ ! free1 ,c song r5ew8 ,ill s++ 'tis ) blott+ prison-b>s1 ,h[ high soe'er1 betwixt u & ! />s2 ,ill s++ 'tis :5 !re are none to he>2 ,& days are ne> ,:5 ,engl& %all =get ,! fad+ gl[ :i*1 = a little :ile1 ,illumes h] yet1 ,! lovely smile ,t gr[s s fa9t & wan1 ,h] p %\t+ 9 h] dy+ e>3 ,are n jays twa9 wor? two ( any swan6 ,h>% words & brief asks ! di%onor'd ,ye>4 7,,cov5try ,,patmore3 ,ode ix4 ,pr9t$ #ahfh47 ,mr4 ,patmore's use ( ! irregul> ode =ms is ( p>ticul> int]e/4 ,he made a special /udy ( ! =m1 & appli$ x m widely ?an is commonly done4 ,8 fir/ odes 7 pr9t$ 7n publi%$7 9 #ahfh1 & f "o ( ^! ! pres5t specim5 is tak54 ,lat] 7#ahgg71 9 connection ) ,! ,unkn[n ,eros1 he set =? 8 view ( ! ode =m1 treat+ x n z lawless b z gov]n$ by laws ( its own4 ,ne>ly all ,engli% metres1 he said1 owe _! exi/5ce z metres to 'catalexis1' or pause1 = ! "t ( "o or m feet1 &1 z a rule1 ! position & am\nt ( catalexis1 are fix$4 ,b ! v]se 9 :i* ?is volume is writt5 is catalectic p> excell5ce1 employ+ ! pause 7z x does ! rhyme7 ) fre$om only limit$ by ! exig5cies ( poetic passion4 ,f ! "t ( ,drummond ( ,haw?ornd5 to our own1 "s ( ! noble/ flights ( ,engli% poetry h be5 tak5 on ! w+s ( ?is v]se2 b ) ord9>y read]s x has be5 m or less discr$it$ by ! f> great] numb] ( abortive ef=ts1 on ! "p sometimes ( consid]able poets1 to adapt x to purposes ) :i* x has no expressional correspond5ce2 or to v>y x by rhy?mical movem5ts :i* are de/ructive ( its "*4 ,"s p]sons1 unle>n$ 9 ! subject ( ?is metre1 h object$ to ?is k9d ( v]se t x is 'lawless4' ,b x has its laws z truly z any o!r4 ,9 its highe/ ord]1 ! lyric or 'ode1' x is a tetramet]1 ! l9e hav+ ! "t ( eight iambics4 ,:5 x desc5ds to n>rative1 or ! expression ( a less exalt$ /ra9 ( ?\ght1 x becomes a trimet]1 hav+ ! "t ( six iambics1 or ev5 a dimet]1 ) ! "t ( f\r2 & x is all[able to v>y ! tetramet] 'ode' by ! occasional introduction ( passages 9 ei!r or bo? ( ^! inf]ior measures1 b n1 ,i ?9k1 by ! use ( any o!r4 ,! lic5se to rhyme at indef9ite int]vals is c\nt]balanc$ 444 by unusual frequ5cy 9 ! recurr5ce ( ! same rhyme4 7,f ,patmore's ,prefatory ,note to ,! ,unkn[n ,eros2 quot$ by ,william ,%>p1 9 ! ,introduction to ,great ,odes1 p4 xxxii47#dj ,on ! %ores ( a ,cont95t ca/1 ,%e won ! inviolate soil ,by loss ( heirdom ( all ! ,pa/1 ,& fai? 9 ! royal "r ( ,toil6 ,%e plant$ homes on ! savage sod3 ,into ! wild]ness lone ,%e walk$ ) fe>less feet1 ,9 h] h& ! div9+-rod1 ,till ! ve9s ( ! m\nta9s beat ,) fire ( metal & =ce ( /one6 ,%e set ! spe$ ( ! riv]-head ,to turn ! mills ( h] bread2 ,%e drove h] pl\gh%>e deep ,?r\gh ! prairie's ?\s&-c5turi$ sleep4 ,to ! ,s\?1 & ,we/1 & ,nor?1 ,%e call$ ,pa?f9d] =?1 ,h] fai?ful & sole companion ,:]e ! flu%$ ,si]ra1 sn[-/>r$1 ,h] way to ! sunset b>r$1 ,& ! nameless riv]s 9 ?und] & foam ,*annel$ ! t]rible canyon6 ,nor paus$1 till h] utt]mo/ home ,0 built1 9 ! smile ( a s(t] sky ,& ! glory ( beauty yet to be1 ,:]e ! haunt$ waves ( ,asia die ,on ! /r& ( ! _w-wide sea4 7,,bay>d ,,taylor3 ,national ,ode1 /rophe iii4 #ahgf47 ,soon %all ! ,cape ,ann *ildr5 %\t 9 glee1 ,spy+ ! arbutus1 spr+'s de> recluse2 ,hill lads at dawn %all he>k5 ! wild goose ,g honk+ nor?w>d ov] ,t5nessee2 ,we/ f ,oswego to ,sault ,sa9te-,m>ie1 ,& on to :]e ! ,pictur$ ,rocks are hung1 ,& yond] :]e1 gigantic1 willful1 "y1 ,*icago sitte? at ! nor?we/ gates1 ,) re/less viol5t h&s & casual tongue ,m\ld+ h] mighty fates1 ,! ,lakes %all robe !m 9 e!real %e52 ,& l a l>g] sea1 ! vital gre5 ,( spr++ :eat %all va/ly be outflung ,ov] ,dakota & ! prairie /ates4 ,by des]t p immemorial ,on ,arizonan mesas %all be done ,dim rites unto ! ?und] & ! sun2 ,nor %all ! primal gods lack sacrifice ,m spl5did1 :5 ! :ite ,si]ras call ,unto ! ,rockies /raightway to arise ,& dance be=e ! unveil$ ark ( ! ye>1 ,s\nd+ _! w9dy c$>s z = %awms1 ,unroll+ riv]s cle> ,= flutt] ( broad phylact]ies2 ,:ile ,%a/a signals to ,alaskan seas ,t wat* old sluggi% glaci]s d[nw>d creep ,to fl+ _! iceb]gs ?und]+ f ! /eep1 ,& ,m>iposa ?r\gh ! purple calms ,gazes at f> ,hawaii cr[n$ ) palms ,:]e ,ea/ & ,we/ are met1-- ,a ri* seal on ! ocean's bosom set ,to say t ,ea/ & ,we/ are twa91 ,) diff]5t loss & ga93 ,! ,"l ha? sund]$ !m2 let !m be sund]$ yet4444 444 ,ah no6 ,we h n fall5 s1 ,we are our fa!rs' sons3 let ^? :o lead u "k6 ',twas only ye/]day sick ,cuba's cry ,came up ! tropic w9d1 ',n[ help u1 = we die6' ,!n ,alabama he>d1 ,& ris+1 pale1 to ,ma9e & ,idaho ,%\t$ a burn+ ^w4 ,pr\d /ate ) pr\d impassion$ /ate conf]r$1 ,& at ! lift+ ( a h& sprang =?1 ,ea/1 we/1 & s\?1 & nor?1 ,beautiful armies4 ,oh1 by ! sweet blood & "y1 ,%$ on ! awful hill slope at ,san ,juan1 ,by ! un=gott5 names ( eag] boys ,:o might h ta/$ girls' love & be5 /ung ,) ! old my/ic joys ,& />ry griefs1 n[ ! spr+ nights come on1 ,b t ! he>t ( y\? is g5]\s1-- ,we *>ge y1 ye :o lead u1 ,brea! on _! *ivalry no h9t ( /a96 ,turn n _! new-_w victories to ga96 ,"o lea/ leaf pluck$ = *aff] f ! bays ,( _! de> praise1 ,"o jot ( _! pure conque/ put to hire1 ,! implacable republic w require4 7,,william ,,vaughn ,,moody3 ,an ,ode 9 ,"t ( ,hesitation1 /rophes iii4 & ix4 #aijj47 ,c4--,,*oral ,diff]5t f ei!r ( ! two classes ( odes already repres5t$ are ! irregul> *oral measures us$ by a few ,engli% poets 9 translation or imitation ( ! odes ( ! ,greek drama4 ,*orus4 ,o de>ly b\ght rev5ge1 yet glori\s6 ,liv+ or dy+ ?\ ha/ fulfill$ ,! "w = :i* ?\ wa/ =etold ,to ,israel1 & n[ lie/ victori\s ,among ?y sla9 self-kill$2 ,n will+ly1 b tangl$ 9 ! fold ,( dire ,necessity1 ^: law 9 dea? conjo9$ ,!e ) ?y slaught]$ foes1 9 numb] m ,?an all ?y life _h sla9 be=e4 ,semi-*orus4 ,:ile _! he>ts 7 jocund & sublime1 ,drunk ) idolatry1 drunk ) w9e ,& fat regorg$ ( bulls & goats1 ,*aunt+ _! idol1 & pref]r+ ,be=e our liv+ ,dread1 :o dwells ,9 ,silo1 8 bright sanctu>y1 ,among !m he a _s ( phr5zy s5t1 ,:o hurt _! m9ds1 ,& urg$ !m on ) mad desire ,to call 9 ha/e = _! de/roy]4 ,!y1 only set on sport & play1 ,unweet+ly importun$ ,_! own de/ruction to come spe$y ^u !m4 ,s fond are mortal m51 ,fall5 into wra? div9e1 ,z _! own ru9 on !mselves to invite1 ,ins5sate left1 or to s5se reprobate1 ,& ) bl9dness int]nal /ruck4 ,semi-*orus4 ,b he1 ?\gh bl9d ( sight1 ,despis$1 & ?\ght ext+ui%$ q1 ,) inw>d eyes illum9at$1 ,8 fi]y virtue r\s$ ,f "u a%es into sudd5 flame1 ,& z an ev5+ dragon came1 ,assailant on ! p]*$ roo/s ,& ne/s 9 ord] rang$ ,( tame villatic f[l1 b z an eagle ,8 cl\dless ?und] bolt$ on _! heads4 ,s ,virtue1 giv5 = lo/1 ,depress$ & ov]?r[n1 z seem$1 ,l t self-begott5 bird ,9 ! ,arabian woods embo/1 ,t no second kn[s nor ?ird1 ,& lay ere:ile a holocau/1 ,f out h] a%y womb n[ teem$1 ,revives1 refl\ri%es1 !n vigor\s mo/ ,:5 mo/ unactive deem$2 ,&1 ?\gh h] body die1 h] fame survives1 ,a secul> bird1 ages ( lives4 7,,milton3 ,samson ,agoni/es1 ll4 #affj-agjg4 #afga47 ,( ?is passage ,mr4 ,sw9burne says3 ,x is h>d to realize & hopeless to reproduce ! musical =ce ( classic metres s recondite & exquisite z ! *oral p>ts ( a ,greek play4 ,ev5 ,milton c\ld n2 ?\gh ) 8 godlike in/9ct & 8 godlike might ( h& he made a k9d ( /range & enorm\s h>mony by int]mixture ( assonance & rhyme ) irregul> blank v]se1 z 9 t la/ ,titanic *orus ( ,samson :i* utt]s ov] ! fall5 ,phili/9es ! trumpet-bla/ & ?und] ( its triumphs4 7,essays & ,/udies1 pp4 #afb1 #afc47 ,! lyre's voice is lovely ev]y:]e2 ,9 ! c\rt ( gods1 9 ! city ( m51 ,& 9 ! lonely rock-/rewn m\nta9-gl51 ,9 ! /ill m\nta9 air4 ,only to ,typho x s\nds hatefully1-- ,to ,typho only1 ! rebel o'er?r[n1 ,?r\gh ^: he>t ,etna drives h] roots ( /one1 ,to emb$ !m 9 ! sea4 ,:]e=e do/ ?\ groan s l\d8 ,:]e=e d ?y no/rils fla%1 ,?r\gh ! d>k night1 sudd5ly1 ,typho1 su* r$ jets ( flame8 ,is ?y tortur$ he>t /ill pr\d8 ,is ?y fire-sca!d arm /ill ra%8 ,/ill al]t ?y /one-cru%$ frame8 ,do? ?y fi]ce s\l /ill deplore ,?9e anci5t r\t by ! ,cilician hills1 ,& t cur/ trea*]y on ! ,m\nt ( ,gore8 ,d ?y blood%ot eyes /ill weep ,! fight :i* cr[n$ ?9e ills1 ,?y la/ mis*ance on ?is ,sicilian deep8 ,ha/ ?\ sworn1 9 ?y sad lair1 ,:]e er/ ! /rong sea-curr5ts suck$ !e d[n1 ,nev] to cease to wri!1 & try to re/1 ,lett+ ! sea-/ream w&] ?r\gh ?y hair8 ,t ?y groans1 l ?und] pre/1 ,beg9 to roll1 & almo/ dr[n ,! sweet notes ^: lull+ spell ,gods & ! race ( mortals love s well1 ,:5 ?r\gh ?y caves ?\ he>e/ music swell8 ,b an awful pleasure bl& ,spread+ o'er ! ,?und]]'s face1 ,:5 ! s\nd climbs ne> 8 seat1 ,! ,olympian c\ncil sees2 ,z he lets 8 lax "r h&1 ,:i* ! lightn+s do? embrace1 ,s9k ^u 8 mighty knees4 ,& ! eagle1 at ! beck ,( ! appeas+1 graci\s h>mony1 ,droops all 8 %e5y1 br[n1 deep-fea!r$ neck1 ,ne/l+ ne>] to ,jove's feet2 ,:ile o'er 8 sovran eye ,! curta9s ( ! blue films sl[ly meet4 ,& ! :ite ,olympus-peaks ,rosily bright51 & ! soo!d gods smile ,at "o ano!r f _! gold5 *airs1 ,& no "o r\nd ! *>m$ circle speaks4 ,only ! lov$ ,hebe be>s ,! cup ab\t1 ^: draughts beguile ,pa9 & c>e1 ) a d>k /ore ,( fre%-pull$ violets wrea!d & nodd+ o'er2 ,& h] flu%$ feet gl[ on ! m>ble floor4 7,,mat!w ,,arnold3 ,emp$ocles on ,etna1 ,act ,,ii4 ,song ( ,callicles4 #ahec47 ,:]e=e to me1 ?is fe>-- ,gr\nd$ly /ation$ "h ,front+ my he>t1 ! port5t-wat*]--flits %e8 ,:]e=e %\ld prophet-play ,! uncall$ & unpaid lay1 ,nor--hav+ spat =? fe>1 l bad dreams--sits %e ,on ! m9d's ?rone belov$--well-suasive ,boldness8 ,= "t1 s9ce1 by a ?r[ ( all ! h&s1 ,! boat's /]n-cables t\*$ ! s&s1 ,has pass$ f y\? to oldness1-- ,:5 "u ,ilion ru%$ ! %ip-borne b&s4 ,& f my eyes ,i le>n-- ,be+ myself my witness--_! return4 ,yet1 all ! same1 )\t a lyre1 my s\l1 ,itself its tea*] too1 *ants f )9 ,er9us' dirge1 n hav+ n[ ! :ole ,( ,hope's de> boldness3 nor my inw>ds s9-- ,! he>t t's roll$ 9 :irls aga9/ ! m9d ,ju/ly presageful ( a fate beh9d4 ,b ,i pray--?+s false1 f my hope1 may fall ,into ! fate t's n-fulfill$-at-all6 ,especially at lea/1 ( heal? t's great ,! t]m's insatiable3 =1 its weight --,a neighbor1 ) a common wall betwe5-- ,ev] w sickness lean2 ,& de/9y1 h] c\rse pursu+ /raight1 ,has /ruck man's %ip aga9/ a reef unse54 ,n[1 :5 a portion1 r ?an ! treasure ,fe> ca/s f sl+1 ) p]il 9 "r measure1 ,x has n sunk--! univ]sal freight1 7,) mis]y freight$ ov]-full17 ,nor has fe> :elm$ ! hull4 ,!n too ! gift ( ,zeus1 ,two-h&$ly pr(use1 ,ev5 f ! furr[s' yield = ye>ly use ,has done away ) fam9e1 ! disease2 ,b blood ( man to e>? once fall+1--deadly1 black1-- ,9 times ere ^!1-- ,:o may1 by s++ spells1 call back8 ,zeus _h n else /opp$ "o :o rightly knew ,! way to br+ ! dead aga94 ,b1 did n an appo9t$ ,fate con/ra9 ,! ,fate f gods1 to be> no m ?an due1 ,my he>t1 out/ripp+ :at tongue utt]s1 ,w\ld h all out3 :i* n[1 9 d>kness1 mutt]s ,moodily griev$1 nor ev] hopes to f9d ,h[ %e a ^w 9 season may unw9d ,f out ! enk9dl+ m9d4 7,,br[n+3 ,agamemnon2 *orus4 #ahgg47 ,( ! same g5]al metrical "* z ! irregul> odes are c]ta9 poems 7l "s ( ,patmore's7 ) no regul>ly organiz$ /ructure & v>y+ l5g?s ( l9e4 ,see1 = example1 ,milton's v]ses ,at a ,solemn ,music & ,on ,"t2 ,sw9burne's ,?alassius & ,on ! ,cliffs2 & ,william ,morris's ,on a fair ,spr+ ,morn+4 ,comp>e1 also1 ! effect ( ! irregul> /rophic =ms 9 ,s\!y's ,curse ( ,kehama1 ,%elley's ,que5 ,mab1 & ! l4#da ,,footnotes3 #ci ,on ,engli% ode-=ms1 see ! introductions to ,mr4 ,gosse's ,engli% ,odes & ,mr4 ,william ,%>p's ,great ,odes2 also ,s*ipp]1 vol4 ii4 p4 #gib4 #dj ,mr4 ,patmore has us$ ! same sort ( v]se = n>rative poetry1 ) unusual d>+ b also ) unusual success4 ,= an example see 8 ,amelia1 includ$ 9 ! ,gold5 ,treasury1 ,second ,s]ies4 ,! foll[+ passage exhibits ! metrical me?od ( ! poem at its be/3 ,& s we w5t alone ,by walls o'er :i* ! lilac's num]\s plume ,%ook d[n p]fume2 ,trim plots close bl[n ,) daisies1 9 conspicu\s myriads se51 ,engross'd ea* "o ,) s+le ardor = h] sp\se1 ! sun2 ,g>?s 9 _! glad array ,( :ite & ruddy bran*1 auroral1 gay1 ,) azure *ill ! maid5 fl[] betwe52 ,mead[s ( f]vid gre51 ,) sometime sudd5 prospect ( untold ,c[slips1 l *ance-f\nd gold2 ,& broadca/ butt]cups at joyful gaze1 ,r5d+ ! air ) praise1 ,l ! six-hundr$-?\s&-voic$ %\t ,( ,jacob camp'd 9 ,midian put to r\t2 ,!n ?r\gh ! ,p>k1 ,:]e ,spr+ to liveli] gloom ,quick5$ ! c$>s d>k1 ,&1 'ga9/ ! cle> sky cold1 ,:i* %one af> ,cr[d$ ) sunny alps oracul>1 ,great *e/nuts rais$ !mselves abroad l cliffs ( bloom4 #da ,! easy abuse ( ^! irregul> measures is amus+ly p>odi$ by ,mr4 ,ow5 ,seaman1 9 a burlesque ( an ode ( ,mr4 ,le ,galli5ne's3 ,is ?is ! ,se9e8 ,& am ,i altoge!r wrong ,ab\t ! bra91 ,dream+ ,i he> ! ,briti% tongue8 ,de> ,heav56 :at a rhyme6 ,& yet 'tis all z good ,z "s t ,i h fa%ion$ 9 my "t1 ,l bud & wood2 ,& on ! o!r h& y c\ldn't h a m precise or neat] ,metre4 7,! ,battle ( ! ,bays1 p4 #cg47 ,,vi4 ,,imitations ,,( ,,classical ,,metres ,:ile ,engli% v]se is g5]ally admitt$ to be bas$ on a diff]5t sy/em f t ( ,greek & ,lat9 poetry 7! elem5t ( acc5t obscur+ t ( quantity 9 ,engli% prosody1 z ! elem5t ( quantity obscures t ( acc5t 9 classical prosody71 !re h be5 repeat$ attempts to introduce ! m famili> classical measures into ,engli%4 ,mo/ ( ^! attempts h be5 academic & h attract$ ! att5tion only ( critics & s*ol>s2 a few h int]e/$ ! read+ public4 ,imitations ( classical v]se 9 ,engli% may conv5i5tly be divid$ into two classes3 imitations ( lyrical measures1 & imitations ( ! dactylic hexamet]4 ,! latt] gr\p is ( c\rse mu* ! l>g]1 especially 9 mod]n poetry4 ,x w appe> t ! classical measures might also be divid$ into two gr\ps accord+ to ano!r di/9ction3 ^? attempt+ to obs]ve ! quantitative prosody ( ! orig9al language1 & ^? 9 :i* ! orig9al measure is transmut$ into frankly acc5tual v]se4 ,! orig9al impulse t[>d ?is classical or pseudo-classical v]se 0 a product ( ! ,r5aissance1 :5 all =ms ( art n bas$ on ,greek & ,lat9 models 7 suspect$4 ,rime1 n be+ f\nd 9 ! poetry ( ! classical languages1 0 treat$ z a product ( ! d>k ages1--! inv5tion ( ,go?s & ,huns4 ,see ,rog] ,as*am's ,s*oolma/] 7#aegj7 = ! mo/ *>act]i/ic repres5tative ( ?is phase ( ?\ght 9 ,engl&4 ,! new =ms ( v]se 71 naturally en\gh1 fir/ tri$ 9 ,italy4 ,s*ipp] traces ! beg9n+ ( ! movem5t to ,alb]ti 7#adjd-adhd74 ,a c5tury lat] ,triss9o wrote 8 ,sophonisbe & ,italia ,lib]ata 9 unrim$ v]se1 9 pr(ess$ imitation ( ,hom]1 & 0 look$ ^u z ! inv5tor ( v]si sciolti1 t is1 v]ses fre$ f rime 7comp>e ! rem>ks ( ,milton 9 ! prefatory note to ,p>adise ,lo/74 ,9 #aeci ,claudio ,tolomei wrote ,v]si e ,regole della ,poesia ,nuova1 a sy/ematic attempt to introduce ! classical v]sification4 ,he also wrote hexamet]s & sapphics4 ,9 ,france !re 7 simil> ef=ts 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,m\sset translat$ ,hom] into hexamet]s 9 #aecj1 & ,a4 de ,baf1 a memb] ( ! ,pleiade 7#aecb-aehi71 devis$ "s ,fr5* hexamet]s :i* he call$ v]s baf9s4 ,! ,engli% exp]im5ts 7 work$ out indep5d5tly1 & yet "u ! same neo-classical influ5ces4 ,on ?is subject1 see ,s*ipp]1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #b-ab1 #dci-dfd4 ,a4--,,lyrical ,,measures ,reason1 tell me ?y m9d1 if "h be reason ,9 ?is /range viol5ce1 to make resi/ance ,:]e sweet graces erect ! /ately bann] ,( ,virtue's regim5t1 %9+ 9 h>ness ,( ,=tune's diadems1 by ,beauty mu/]$3 ,say1 !n1 ,reason1 ,i say1 :at is ?y c\nsel8 7,,sir ,,philip ,,sidney3 ,phaleuciakes1 f ! ,arcadia1 ab4 #aehj47 ,?is is ! measure commonly call$ ,phalcian4 ,comp>e ,t5nyson's imitation ( x1 9 8 ,h5decasyllabics quot$ bel[4 ,o sweet woods1 ! delight ( solit>9ess6 ,o h[ mu* ,i d l y\r solit>9ess6 ,:]e man's m9d ha? a fre$ consid]ation ,( goodness to receive lovely direction4 ,:]e s5ses d behold ! ord] ( heav5ly ho/1 ,& wise ?\ghts d behold :at ! ,creator is4 7,,sir ,,philip ,,sidney3 ,asclepiadics1 f ! ,arcadia4 ab4 #aehj47 ,?is is ! measure n[ call$ ,less] ,asclepiadean4 ,my ,muse1 :at ails ?is ardor ,to blaze my only secrets8 ,alas1 x is no glory ,to s+ my own decay'd /ate4 ,alas1 x is no com=t ,to speak )\t an answ]2 ,alas1 x is no wisdom ,to %[ ! w\nd )\t cure4 7,,sir ,,philip ,,sidney3 ,anacreontics1 f ! ,arcadia4 ab4 #aehj47 ,sidney 0 a memb] ( ! little gr\p ( classical /ud5ts :o call$ !mselves ! ,areopagus1 & :o 7 int]e/$ 9 introduc+ classical measures into ,engli% v]se4 ,o!rs ( ! gr\p 7 ,gabriel ,h>vey & ,edmund ,sp5s]1 f ^: correspond5ce mo/ ( our in=mation reg>d+ ! movem5t is d]iv$4 7,see ! lett]s 9 ,gros>t's edition ( ,h>vey's ,works1 vol4 i4 pp4 #g-i1 #bj-bd1 #ce-cg1 #ge-gf1 #ii-ajg47 ,sp5s]'s only kn[n ef=ts 9 ! same direction are also pres]v$ 9 ?is correspond5ce2 a poem 9 tw5ty-"o iambic trimet]s1 & ?is tetra/icon3-- ,see yee ! bl9df\ld$ pretie god1 t fea!r$ ar*]1 ,( lov]s mis]ies :i* make? 8 bloodie game8 ,wote ye :y 8 moo!r ) a veale ha? coov]$ 8 face8 ,tru/ me1 lea/ he my loove happely *aunce to beholde4 ,x w\ld seem t ,sp5s] 0 attempt+1 m consci5ti\sly ?an ,sidney did1 to foll[ ! classical rules ( quantity 9 mak+ 8 v]ses2 h5ce !y are m difficult to read accord+ to ,engli% rhy?m4 ,sidney's exp]im5ts 9 ! classical v]sification are p]haps ! mo/ successful1 to mod]n ta/e1 ( all ^? made 9 ! ,elizabe?an p]iod4 ,among ! o!r songs 9 ! ,arcadia w be f\nd sapphics & hexamet]s4 ,see especially ,sp5s]'s lett] ( ,april1 #aehj1 & ,h>vey's reply 7op4 cit41 vol4 i4 pp4 #ce1 #ii71 = notable passages indicat+ ! s]i\sness ) :i* ! memb]s ( ! ,areopagus 7 try+ to orm ,engli% v]se s z to br+ x "u ! rules ( classical prosody4 ,! relations ( quantity & acc5t 7 n und]/ood1 z inde$ !y may be said /ill n to be und]/ood = ! ,engli% language4 ,sp5s] sugge/s1 9 a frequ5tly quot$ passage1 t 9 ! ^w c>p5t] ! middle syllable is %ort 9 spee*1 :5 x %all be read long 9 v]se1--t is1 because ! v[el is foll[$ by two consonants2 h5ce x seeme? l a lame gosl+ t drawe? "o legge aft] h]4444 ,b x is to be wonne ) cu/ome1 & r\gh words mu/ be subdu$ ) use4 ,h>vey res5t$ ! idea t ! common pronunciation ( words c\ld be dep>t$ f 9 ord] to con=m !m to arbitr>y metrical rules1 & 9 8 reply said3 ,y %all nev] h my subscription or cons5t 444 to make y\r ,c>pent] our ,c>p7ent]1 an in*e long] or bigg]1 ?an ,god & 8 ,engli%e p h made him4444 ,else nev] he>d ,i any t dur/ presume s mu* ov] ! ,engli%e 444 z to alt] ! quantitie ( any "o sillable1 o!rwise ?an oure common spea*e & g5]all receyv$ cu/ome w\lde be>e !m oute4 ,b :ile all ,engli% v]se mu/ be consi/5t ) ! vulg>e & naturall "m prosodye1 ,h>vey does n despair ( f9d+ a sy/em t %all be at ! same "t c\nt]vaileable to ! be/ tongues 9 mak+ possible quantitative v]se4 ,! :ole passage is well wor? read+4 ,! be/ acc\nt ( ! movem5t t[>d classical v]sification 9 ! days ( ! ,areopagus w be f\nd 9 ,pr(essor ,s*ell+'s ,poetic & ,v]se ,criticism 9 ! ,reign ( ,elizabe? 7,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania74 ,o ye ,nymphes mo/ f9e :o resort to ?is brooke1 ,= to ba! !re y\r pretty brea/s at all times3 ,leave ! watri% b[res1 hy!r & to me come at my reque/ n[e4 ,& ye ,virg9s trymme :o resort to ,p>nass1 ,:5ce ! le>n$ well ,helicon beg9ne?3 ,helpe to blase h] wor?y des]ts1 t all els m\nte? above f>re4 7,,william ,,webbe3 ,sapphic ,v]se1 9 ,a ,disc\rse ( ,engli% ,poetrie4 #aehf47 ,webbe 0 ano!r ( ^? :o believ$ t if ! true k9d ( v]sify+ 9 immitation ( ,greekes & ,lat9es1 _h be5 practis$ 9 ! ,engli% tongue1 444 x w\ld long ere ?is h aspyr$ to z full p]fection1 z 9 anie o!r tongue :atsoev]4 ,s he add$ to 8 ,disc\rse 7see ,arb] ,repr9t1 pp4 #fg-hd7 a discussion ( ! pr9ciples ( quantitative prosody1 & "s specim5s ( :at might be done by way ( exp]im5t4#db ,! ,sapphics f :i* ! pres5t specim5 is tak5 are a p>aphrase ( ,sp5s]'s praise ( ,elizabe? 9 ! f\r? eclogue ( ! ,%eph]d's ,cal5d>4 7,= a specim5 ( ,webbe's hexamet]s1 see p4 #ccd1 bel[47 ,greate/ 9 ?y w>s1 ,great] 9 ?y peace1 ,dread ,elizabe?2 ,our muse only tru?1 ,figm5ts _c use1 ,?y rit* "n to deck ,t itselfe adorns3 ,b %\ld n[ ?is age ,let all poesye fayne1 ,fayn+ poesy c\ld ,no?+ fa9e at all ,wor?y halfe ?y fame4 7,,?omas ,,campion3 ,iambic ,dimet]1 an example ,lyrical1 9 ,obs]vations 9 ! ,art ( ,engli% ,poesie4 #afjb47 ,rose-*eekt ,lawra come ,s+ ?\ smoo?ly ) ?y beawtie's ,sil5t musick1 ei!r o!r ,sweetely grac+4 ,lovely =mes d fl[e ,f conc5t dev9ely fram$1 ,heav'n is musick1 & ?y beawtie's ,bir? is heav5ly4 7,,?omas ,,campion3 ,tro*aic ,dimet]1 ib47 ,! full title ( ,campion's "w 03 ,obs]vations 9 ! ,art ( ,engli% ,poesie2 :]e9 x is demon/ratively prov$1 & by example confirm$1 t ! ,engli% toong w receive eight sev]all k9ds ( numb]s1 prop] to x selfe1 :i* are all 9 ?is booke set =?1 & 7 nev] be=e ?is "t by any man attempt$4 ,campion1 l o!r classical v]sifi]s1 condemn$ rime z a b>b>ity2 b 9 imitat+ ! classical measures he does n violate ! normal ,engli% acc5t1 s t 8 v]ses read smoo?ly 9 ,engli% rhy?m4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 he includes among 8 innovations an iambic measure :i* proves to be ord9>y decasyllabic v]se3 ,goe numb]s boldly passe1 /ay n = ayde ,( %ift+ rime1 t easie flatt]]1 ,^: wit*craft c ! rud] e>es beguile4 ,pr(essor ,s*ell+ exclaims3 ,:]e c\ld ! musical ,doctor h kept 8 e>s all ?is "t8 to propose ?is measure ?us innoc5tly = ! drama1 :5 ! ,engli% /age _h be5 r++ ) 8 'lic5tiate iambics' = m ?an two decades6 ,! second ( ! specim5s quot$ above ,campion describes z a dimet] ^: fir/ foote may ei!r be a ,sponde or ,tro*y3 ! two v]ses foll[+ are bo? ( !m ,tro*aical1 & consi/ ( f\re feete1 ! fir/ ( ei!r ( !m be+ a ,spondee or ,tro*y1 ! o!r ?ree only ,tro*yes4 ,! f\r? & la/ v]se is made ( two ,tro*yes4 ,! numb] is voluble & fit to expresse any amor\s conceit4 7,see also ano!r ( ,campion's measures1 9 ,"p ,"o1 p4 #bg47dc ,9 ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies few1 if any1 notable ,engli% poems 7 writt5 9 ! classical measures4 ,goldsmi?1 9 "o ( 8 essays 7xviii1 on ,v]sification71 ma9ta9$ ! possibility ( r$uc+ ,engli% words to ! classical prosody1 & said3 ,we h se5 sev]al late specim5s ( ,engli% hexamet]s & sapphics s happily compos$ t1 by atta*+ !m to ! idea ( anci5t measure1 we f\nd !m 9 all respects z melodi\s & agreeable to ! e> z ! works ( ,virgil & ,anacreon1 or ,horace4 ,b ^: ^! 7 x seems to be impossible to say4 ,ne$y knife-gr9d]6 :i!r are y go+8 ,r\gh is ! road1 y\r :eel is out ( ord]-- ,bleak bl[s ! bla/2--y\r hat has got a hole 9't1 ,s h y\r bree*es6 ,we>y knife-gr9d]6 little ?9k ! pr\d ones ,:o 9 _! coa*es roll along ! turnpike- road1 :at h>d "w 'tis cry+ all day1 ,knives & ,scissors to gr9d ,o6 7,,cann+ & ,,fr]e3 ,sapphics2 ! ,fri5d ( ,humanity & ! ,knife-,gr9d]1 9 ! ,anti-,jacob91 ,novemb]1 #agig74 ,^! ,sapphics 7 a burlesque ( "s by ,s\!y 9 simil> /anzas1 op5+3 ,cold 0 ! night w9d1 drift+ fa/ ! sn[ fell1 ,wide 7 ! d[ns & %elt]less & nak$1 ,:5 a poor w&]] /ruggl$ on h] j\rney1 ,we>y & way-sore4 ,9 ?is poem1 said ! ,anti-,jacob91 n unju/ly1 ! pa?os ( ! matt] is n a little reliev$ by ! absurdity ( ! metre4 ,o mighty-m\?'d inv5tor ( h>monies1 ,o skill'd to s+ ( ,"t or ,et]nity1 ,god-gift$ organ-voice ( ,engl&1 ,milton1 a "n to res\nd = ages2 ,^: ,titan angels1 ,gabriel1 ,abdiel1 ,/>r'd f ,jehovah's gorge\s armories1 ,t[]1 z ! deep-dom$ empyrean ,r+s to ! ro> ( an angel onset4 7,,t5nyson3 ,milton2 ,alcaics47 ,o y *orus ( indol5t review]s1 ,irresponsible1 indol5t review]s1 ,look1 ,i come to ! te/1 a t9y poem ,all compos$ 9 a metre ( ,catullus1 ,all 9 quantity1 c>eful ( my motion1 ,l ! skat] on ice t h>dly be>s him1 ,le/ ,i fall unaw>es be=e ! p1 ,wak+ laught] 9 indol5t review]s4 ,%\ld ,i fl\nd] a:ile )\t a tumble ,?ro' ?is metrification ( ,catullus1 ,!y %\ld speak to me n )\t a welcome1 ,all t *orus ( indol5t review]s4 ,h>d1 h>d1 h>d is x1 only n to tumble1 ,s fanta/ical is ! da9ty metre4 ,:]e=e slight me n :olly1 nor believe me ,too presumptu\s1 indol5t review]s4 7,,t5nyson3 ,h5decasyllabics47 ,on ! fir/ ( ^! /anzas ( ,t5nyson1 comp>e 8 /anzas to ,maurice1 & note1 p4 #gg1 above4 ,) ! h5decasyllabics1 comp>e ! ,phaleuciakes ( ,sidney1 p4 #cca1 above1 & ,h5decasyllabics 9 ,sw9burne's ,poems & ,ballads4 ,t5nyson took no little int]e/ 9 ! relations ( classical & ,engli% metres1 & seems to h believ$ 9 ! possibility ( g5u9e ,engli% quantitative v]se4 ,he did n1 h[ev]1 reg>d x z ( practical value1 & treat$ 8 own exp]im5ts z trifles4 ,9 8 ,memoirs1 writt5 by 8 son1 ,t5nyson is said to h obs]v$ t he knew ! quantity ( e ,engli% ^w except scissors1 a my/]i\s say+ :i* may be set beside ,s\!y's decl>ation t ,egypt is ! only spondee 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,8 son also pres]ves an extemporane\s l9e compos$ by ,t5nyson to illu/rate ! obs]vance ( quantity reg>dless ( acc5t3 ,all m5 alike hate slops1 p>ticul>ly gruel2 & a sapphic /anza1 also extemporiz$1 quantitative b con=m+ to common acc5t3 ,fad$ ev'ry violet1 all ! roses2 ,gone ! glori\s promise2 & ! victim1 ,brok5 9 ?is ang] ( ,aphrodite1 ,yields to ! victor4 7,memoir1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bca47 ,god1 on v]dur\s ,helicon ,dwell]1 *ild ( ,urania1 ,?\ t draw'/ to ! man ! fair ,maid51 ,o ,hym5u1 ,o ,hym51 ,o ,hym5u6 7,,rob9son ,,ellis3 ,poems ( ,catullus1 ,,lxi4 #ahga47 ,mr4 ,ellis's translations f ,catullus are all 9 ! metres ( ! orig9al1 & are among ! mo/ int]e/+ specim5s ( mod]n classical v]sify+4 ,t5nyson's ,alcaics & ,h5decasyllabics1 he said 9 8 ,preface1 sugge/$ to me ! new pr9ciple on :i* ,i 0 to g to "w4 ,x 0 n suffici5t to reproduce ! anci5t metres1 unless ! anci5t quantity 0 reproduc$ also4 ,( special int]e/ is ! imitation ( ! almo/ unapproa*able galliambic v]se ( ! ,attis 7pp4 #di-ec73 ,:5 awoke ! sun1 ! gold51 t 8 eyes heav5-ori5t ,scann'd lu/r\s air1 ! rude seas1 e>?'s massy solidity1 ,:5 he smote ! %ad[y twilight ) 8 heal?y team sublime1 ,!n ar\s'd 0 ,attis2 o'er him sleep ha/ily fl$ away ,to ,pasi!a's arms immortal ) a tremul\s hov]+4 ,z ,mr4 ,ellis obs]ves1 ! metre ( ,t5nyson's ,boadicea 0 modell$ on ?is ( ,catullus4 ,comp>e also ,mr4 ,george ,m]$i?'s ,pha?on1 attempt$ 9 ! galliambic measure3 ,at ! com+ up ( ,phoebus1 ! all-lum9\s *>iote]1 ,d\ble-visag$ /& ! m\nta9s 9 imp]ial multitudes1 ,& ) %ad[s dappl$1 m5 s+ to him1 ,hail1 ,o ,b5efic5t2 ,= !y %udd] *ill1 ! e>?-vales1 at 8 cl\d+1 %udd] to black4 --,saw ! :ite implacable ,aphrodite1 ,saw ! hair unb\nd & ! feet uns&all$ ,%9e z fire ( sunset on we/]n wat]s2 ,saw ! reluctant ,feet1 ! /ra9+ plumes ( ! doves t drew h]1 ,look+ always1 look+ ) necks rev]t$1 ,back to ,lesbos1 back to ! hills :]eund] ,%one ,mityl5e4 7,,sw9burne3 ,sapphics1 9 ,poems & ,ballads47 ,love1 :at ail$ !e to leave life t 0 made lovely1 we ?\ght1 ) love8 ,:at sweet visions ( sleep lur$ !e away1 d[n f ! light above8 ,:at /range faces ( dreams1 voices t call$1 h&s t 7 rais$ to wave1 ,lur$ or l$ !e1 alas1 out ( ! sun1 d[n to ! sunless grave8 7,,sw9burne3 ,*oriambics1 9 ,poems & ,ballads1 ,second ,s]ies1 #ahgh47 ,sw9burne's imitations ( classical measures are frankly acc5tual1 ) no ef=t to introduce fix$ quantities into ,engli%4 ,b4--,,dactylic ,,hexamet] ,lady1 res]v$ by ! heav5s to d pa/ors' company honor1 ,jo9+ y\r sweet voice to ! rural ,muse ( a des]t1 ,"h y fully d f9d ?is /range op]ation ( love1 ,h[ to ! woods ,love runs1 z well z rides to ! palace1 ,nei!r he be>s rev]5ce to a pr9ce nor pity to begg>1 ,b 7l a po9t 9 mid/ ( a circle7 is /ill ( a ne>ness1 ,all to a lesson he draws1 nei!r hills nor caves c avoid him4 7,,sir ,,philip ,,sidney3 ,dorus & ,zelmane1 9 ! ,arcadia4 ab4 #aehj47 ,sidney 0 evid5tly try+ to write g5u9ely quantitative hexamet]s4 ,?us ( love1 9 ! ?ird l9e1 may be reg>d$ z a quantitative spondee 7! o be+ foll[$ by two consonants71 al?\gh ! ( w\ld n naturally be /ress$4 ,9 l mann] x is v possible t pallace 0 spell$ ) two l's 9 ord] to make ! fir/ syllable seem long4 ,sidney's hexamet]s are ! fir/ 9 lit]>y v]se :i* h come d[n to u2 b !re mu/ h be5 e>li] ef=ts at lea/ by ! "t ( ,as*am's ,s*oolma/] 7#aegj71 :i* vigor\sly attack$ our rude begg]ly rym+1 br\ght fir/ into ,italie by ,go!s & ,hunnes1 444 & at la/ receyv$ into ,engl& by m5 ( excell5t wit 9 de$e1 b ( small le>n+1 & less judgem5t 9 t behalfe4 7,arb] ,repr9t1 p4 #ade47 ,"o hexamet] di/i* by a contempor>y & fri5d ( ,as*am's1 ,ma/] ,watson ( ,cambridge1 is h&$ d[n to u by ,webbe1 z be+ common 9 ! m\!s ( all m53 ,all travell]s doo gladlie report great praise to ,ulisses ,= t he knewe manie m5s man]s1 & saw _m citties4 7,disc\rse ( ,engli% ,poetrie1 p4 #gb47 ,b ! ,que5e 9 meane :ile ) c>ks qu&>e deepe angui%t1 ,h] w\nd f$ by ,v5us1 ) firebayt smoldr$ is hook$4 ,!e wights d\ghtye manhood leagd ) g5tilytye nobil1 ,8 woords fitlye plac$1 ) 8 hevnly phisnomye pleas+1 ,m>* ?rogh h] h]t mu/r+1 al 9 h] bre/ deepelye %e pr9te?4 ,!ese c>ck+ crat*ets h] sleep+ natural hynd]4 ,!e next day folo+ ,phoebus dyd cl>ifye brightlye ,!e _w ) lu/]1 watrye %aads ,aurora remoov$1 ,:5 to h] de]e si/] ) woords haulf gyddye %e rave?4 ,si/] ,an1 ,i m]veyle1 :at dreams me t]refye napp+1 ,:at newcom travayl]1 :at gue/ 9 my h>borye light$8 ,h[ brave he doo? c\rt yt8 :at /r5g? & coorrage he c>ryes8 ,i beleve yt c]teyn 7ne yet hold ,i yt vaynelye report$7 ,t fro ! great l9nadge ( gods 8 pettegre %oote?4 7,,ri*>d ,,/anyhur/3 ,v]gil's neid1 bk4 iv4 #aehb47 ,/anyhur/'s ,v]gil is "o ( ! curiosities ( ,elizabe?an lit]ature1 n only f its v]se-=m b f its spell+ & diction4 ,! translator decl>es himself a disciple ( ,as*am1 9 8 antipa?y to rim$ v]se2 ,:at ,tom ,t[ly is s simple1 he asks1 t wyl n attempt too bee a ri?m\re8 ,9 an address to ! ,le>n$ ,read] he expla9s 8 sy/em ( ,engli% quantitative prosody4 ,9 #aeic ,/anyhur/'s hexamet]s 7 sev]ely notic$ 9 a passage by ,?omas ,na% direct$ prim>ily aga9/ ! classical v]sify+ ( ,gabriel ,h>vey4 ,! hexamit] v]se1 said ,na%1 ,i graunt to be a g5tleman ( an aunci5t h\se 7s is _m an ,engli% begg]71 yet ?is clyme ( ours he _c ?rive 92 our spee* is too craggy = him to set 8 pl\gh 92 hee goes twit*+ & hopp+ 9 our language1 l a man runn+ ^u quagmi]s1 up ! hill 9 "o syllable & d[n ! dale 9 ano!r1 reta9+ no "p ( t /ately smoo? gate :i* he vaunts himselfe ) among ! ,greeks & ,lat9s4444 ,ma/] ,/annyhur/ 7?\gh o!rwise le>n$7 trod a f\le lumbr+ boy/r\s wall[+ measure1 9 8 translation ( ,virgil4 7,works ( ,na%1 ,gros>t edition1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #bcg1 #bch47 ,/anyhur/ 0 also ridicul$ by ,joseph ,hall1 9 ! ,satires ( 8 ,virgidemi>um 7#aeig73 ,ano!r scorns ! home-spun ?read ( rhymes1 ,mat*'d ) ! l(ty feet ( eld] times3 ,give me ! numbr$ v]se t ,virgil sung1 ,& ,virgil's self %all speak ! ,engli% tongue3 ,manhood & g>boiles %all he *aunt ) *aung$ feet ,& head-/rong dactyls mak+ music meet4 ,! nimble dactyl /riv+ to out-g1 ,! drawl+ spondees pac+ x bel[4 ,! l+r+ spondees1 lab\r+ to delay1 ,! brea?less dactyls ) a sudd5 /ay4 ,:oev] saw a colt wanton & wild ,yok'd ) a sl[-foot ox on fall[ field1 ,c "r are$ h[ h&somely besets ,dull spondees ) ! ,engli% dactylets4 7,,*alm]s',s ,engli% ,poets1 vol4 v4 p4 #bff47 ,comp>e ! l9es ( ,*apman1 9 8 ,hymn to ,cyn?ia1 :]e he says t sweet poesy ,w n be clad 9 h] supremacy ,) ^? /range g>m5ts 7,rome's hexamet]s7 ,z %e is ,engli%2 b 9 "r pref]s ,our native robes4 ,see also1 9 ,arb]'s edition ( ,/anyhur/ 9 ! ,engli% ,s*ol>'s ,libr>y1 an acc\nt ( ano!r "w 9 hexamet]s1 publi%$ anonym\sly 9 #aeii3 ! ,fir/ ,booke ( ! ,pres]vation ( ,k+ ,h5ry ! ,,vii4 ,?is writ] admir$ ,/anyhur/'s ef=t1 b desir$ him to refile 8 v]ses into m poli%$ ,engli%3 ,if ! ,poet ,/anihur/ yet live & fe$e? on ay-er1 ,i d reque/ him 7z "o t wi%e? a grace to ! met]7 ,) wordes significant to refile & f9ely to poli%e ,^? f[] neis1 t he late translat$ 9 ,engli%4 ,9 ! same connection ! writ] tells u def9itely :at is to be hop$ f ! trew k9d ( ,hexametr$ & ,p5tametr$ v]se4 ,fir/ x w enri* our spea* ) good & significant wordes3 ,secondly x w br+ a delight & pleasure to ! skilfull ,read]1 :5 he see? !m =mally compyl$3 ,& ?irdly x w inc\rage & le>ne ! good & godly ,/ud5ts1 t affect ,poetry1 & are naturally enclyn$ !reunto1 to make ! l3 ,f\r?ly x w direct a trew ,idioma1 & w tea* trew ,or?ography4#dd ,tityrus1 happilie ?\ ly/e tumbl+ "u a bee* tree1 ,all 9 a f9e oate pipe ^! sweete songs lu/ilie *aunt+3 ,we1 poore s\les goe to wracke1 & f ^! coa/es be remoov$1 ,& fro our pa/ures sweete3 ?\ ,tityr1 at ease 9 a %ade plott ,mak/ ?icke groves to res\nd ) songes ( brave ,am>illis4 7,,william ,,webbe3 ,v]gil's ,fir/ ,eclogue1 9 ,a ,disc\rse ( ,engli% ,poetrie4 #aehf47 ,webbe prefaces 8 hexamet]s ) a ref]5ce to ^? made by ,gabriel ,h>vey1 & says3 ,i = my "p1 s f>re z ^? examples w\ld leade me1 & m9e owne small skyll affoorde me1 h blund]$ ^u ^! fewe2 :]e9to ,i h translat$ ! two fir/ glogues ( ,virgill3 because ,i ?\ght no matt] ( my owne inv5tion1 nor any o!r ( antiquitye m fitte = tryal ( ?ys ?yng1 be=e !re 7 "s m speciall direction1 :i* might leade to a lesse tr\blesome mann] ( wryt+4 7,arb] ,repr9t1 p4 #gb47 ,?\1 :o roll'/ 9 ! firmam5t1 r\nd z ! %ield ( my fa!rs1 ,:5ce is ?y girdle ( glory1 ,o ,sun6 & ?y light ev]la/+8 ,=? ?\ come/ 9 ?y awful beauty2 ! />s at ?y ris+ ,ha/e to _! azure pavilions2 ! moon s9ks pale 9 ! wat]s2 ,b ?\ move/ alone2 :o d>e? to w&] beside !e8 ,oaks ( ! m\nta9s decay1 & ! h>d oak crumbles asund]2 ,ocean %r9ks & aga9 gr[s2 lo/ is ! moon f ! heav5s2 ,:il/ ?\ ev] rema9e/ ! same to rejoice 9 ?y brightness4 7,,william ,,taylor3 ,p>aphrase ( ,ossian's ,hymn to ! ,sun4 #agif47 ,:5 ,engli% hexamet]s 7 reviv$ at ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 x 0 9 good "p "u ,g]man influ5ce4 ,bodm]1 ,klop/ock1 & ,voss1 foll[$ lat] by ,goe!1 made ! ,g]man hexamet] popul>2 & ,william ,taylor ( ,norwi*1 :o 9 _m ways help$ to famili>ize 8 c\ntrym5 ) ,g]man lit]ature1 became int]e/$ 9 ! =m4 ,9 #agif1 ! ye> ( ,goe!'s ,h]mann und ,doro!a1 he contribut$ to ! ,mon?ly ,magaz9e an article call$ ,engli% ,hexamet]s ,exemplifi$1 9 :i* occurr$ ! p>aphrase f ,ossian "h quot$4 ,taylor po9t$ out t ! hexamet] ( ! ,g]mans 0 purely acc5tual4 ,!y 7 oblig$1 by ! sc>c5ess ( long v[els & ! rif5ess ( %ort syllables 9 _! language1 to tol]ate ! frequ5t sub/itution ( tro*ees = spondees 9 _! hexamet] v]se2 & !y scan1 l o!r mod]n nations1 by emphasis1 n by position4 7,quot$ 9 ,j4 ,w4 ,robb]ds's ,memoir ( ,william ,taylor ( ,norwi*1 vol4 i4 pp4 #aeg ff47 ,mo/ lat] writ]s ( ,engli% hexamet]s h foll[$ ! l9e "h indicat$1 & h frankly ab&on$ ! ef=t to repres5t ! quantities ( classical prosody4 ,e>?6 ?\ "m ( numb]less *ildr51 ! nurse & ! "m1 ,si/] ?\ ( ! />s1 & belov$ by ! ,sun1 ! rejoic]6 ,gu>dian & fri5d ( ! moon1 ,o ,e>?1 :om ! comets =get n1 ,yea1 9 ! measureless di/ance :eel r\nd & aga9 !y behold !e6 ,fadeless & "y 7& :at if ! late/ bir? ( creation87 ,bride & consort ( ,heav51 t looks d[n ^u !e enam\r$6 7,,col]idge3 ,hymn to ! ,e>?4 #agii47 ,col]idge made sev]al exp]im5ts 9 hexamet]s at ?is "t1 & plann$1 toge!r ) ,s\!y1 a long hexamet] poem on ,mohamm$4 ,to ,wordswor? he s5t an exp]im5t ( ! same k9d 9 a light] ve93 ,smoo? out ! folds ( my lett]1 & place x on desk or on table2 ,place x on table or desk2 & y\r "r h&s loosely half-clos+1 ,g5tly su/a9 !m 9 air1 & ext5d+ ! digit didactic1 ,re/ x a mom5t on ea* ( ! =ks ( ! five-=k$ left h&1 ,twice on ! bread? ( ! ?umb1 & once on ! tip ( ea* f+]1 ,read ) a nod ( ! head 9 a humor+ recitativo2 ,&1 z ,i live1 y w see my hexamet]s hopp+ be=e y4 ,?is is a gallop+ measure1 a hop1 & a trot1 & a gallop6 7,wordswor?'s ,memoirs1 quot$ 9 ,col]idge's ,poems1 ,ald9e edition1 vol4 ii4 p4 #cjg47 ,col]idge also translat$ f ,s*ill] ! well-kn[n di/i* describ+ & exemplify+ ! elegiac v]se ( ,ovid3 ,9 ! hexamet] rises ! f\nta9's silv]y column2 ,9 ! p5tamet] aye fall+ 9 melody back4 ,?is di/i*1 x is int]e/+ to f9d1 0 revis$ by ,t5nyson s z to repres5t ! measure quantitatively r ?an acc5tually3 ,up spr+s hexamet]1 ) might1 z a f\nta9 aris+1 ,lightly ! f\nta9 falls1 lightly ! p5tamet]4 ,lift up y\r heads1 ye gates2 & ye ev]la/+ portals1 ,be ye lift up6 ,behold1 ! ,wor?ies are !re to receive him1-- ,!y :o1 9 lat] days or 9 eld] ages1 ennobl$ ,brita9's de> "n4 ,b$e ,i beheld1 :o1 humble & holy1 ,%one l a s+le />1 s]5e 9 a night ( d>kness4 ,bacon also 0 !re1 ! m>vell\s ,fri>2 & he :o ,/ruck ! sp>k f :i* ! ,bohemian k9dl$ 8 tap]2 ,!nce ! flame1 long & h>dly pres]v$1 0 to ,lu!r transmitt$1-- ,mighty s\l2 & he lift$ 8 tor*1 & enlight5$ ! nations4 7,,s\!y3 ,a ,vision ( ,judgm5t1 ix4 #ahba47 ,s\!y foll[$ ! example ( ,william ,taylor 9 attempt+ to con/ruct hexamet]s :i* w\ld be p]fectly consi/5t ) ! "* ( our language1 & capable ( great ri*ness1 v>iety & /r5g?1 yet :i* %\ld n pr(ess to foll[ rules :i* are inapplicable to our tongue4 7,preface to ,vision ( ,judgm5t1 ,s\!y's ,works1 ed4 #ahch1 vol4 x4 p4 #aie47de ,9 ! same ,preface he briefly review$ ! hi/ory ( e>li] ef=ts to introduce ! classical measures into ,engli%4 ,x is to be fe>$ t ,s\!y's hexamet]s are to be c\nt$ among ! wor/ ( mod]n times4 ,mean:ile ap>t1 9 ! twilight gloom ( a w9d['s embrasure1 ,sat ! lov]s & :isp]$ toge!r1 behold+ ! moon rise ,ov] ! pallid sea & ! silv]y mi/ ( ! mead[s4 ,sil5tly "o by "o1 9 ! inf9ite mead[s ( heav51 ,blossom$ ! lovely />s1 ! =get-me-nots ( ! angels4 ,?us 0 ! ev5+ pass$4 ,anon ! bell f ! belfry ,rang out ! h\r ( n9e1 ! village curfew1 & /raightway ,rose ! gue/s & dep>t$2 & sil5ce reign$ 9 ! h\sehold4 7,,longfell[3 ,evangel9e1 ,"p4 ,i4 #ahdg47 ,evangel9e is und\bt$ly ! mo/ popul> & widely read poem 9 ,engli% hexamet]s1 & may be said to h reviv$ ! vogue ( ! measure 9 ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,yet its metrical qualities h n pleas$ mo/ c>eful critics4 ,mat!w ,arnold said t ! reception :i* ! poem met ) indicat$ t ! dislike = ! metre is r among pr(essional critics ?an among ! g5]al public4 ,yet1 he w5t on to say1 a v]sion ( ,hom] 9 hexamet]s ( ! ,evangel9e type w\ld n satisfy ! judici\s1 nor is ! def9ite e/abli%m5t ( ?is type to be desir$4 7,on ,translat+ ,hom]1 ,macmillan ed41 p4 #bhd47 ,mr4 ,arnold _h previ\sly sugge/$ t ! lumb]+ effect ( su* hexamet]s z ,longfell['s is caus$ by _! be+ mu* too dactylic2 m spondees %\ld be introduc$4 ,! editor ( ! ,riv]side edition ( ,evangel9e rem>ks int]e/+ly3 ,! measure l5ds itself easily to ! l+]+ melan*oly :i* m>ks ! great] "p ( ! poem4 ,! fall ( ! v]se at ! end ( ! l9e & ! %>p recov]y at ! beg9n+ ( ! next w be sn>es to ! read]1 :o mu/ bew>e ( a j]k+ /yle ( deliv]y4444 ,a little practice w enable "o to acquire t habit ( read+ ! hexamet] :i* we may lik51 r\ghly1 to ! climb+ ( a hill1 re/+ a mom5t on ! summit1 & !n desc5d+ ! o!r side4 ,longfell['s hexamet]s 7 criticis$ mo/ sev]ely by 8 c\ntryman1 ,edg> ,poe4 ,poe d5i$ ! possibility ( any adequate repres5tation ( ! classical hexamet] 9 ,engli%1 l>gely because ( ! impossibility ( us+ ,engli% spondees4 ,! only g5u9e hexamet]s he knew1 he decl>$1 7 "s he _h himself made1 runn+3 ,d tell6 :5 may we hope to make m5 ( s5se out ( ! ,pundits1 ,born & br\ght up ) _! sn\ts deep d[n 9 ! mud ( ! ,frog-pond8 7,see ,poe's ,works1 ed4 ,/$man & ,woodb]ry1 vol4 vi4 p4 #ajd47 ,ano!r int]e/+ ,am]ican exp]im5t 9 hexamet]s is f\nd 9 ! ,home ,pa/orals ( ,bay>d ,taylor 7#ahfi-ahgd74 ,taylor model$ 8 v]ses aft] ^? ( ! ,g]mans1 p>ticul>ly ,goe!'s 9 ,h]mann und ,doro!a4 ,see1 = example1 ! op5+ l9es ( ,novemb]3 ,wrapp$ 9 8 sad-color$ cloak1 ! ,day1 l a ,puritan1 /&e? ,/]n 9 ! joyless fields1 rebuk+ ! l+]+ color1-- ,dy+ hectic ( leaves & ! *illy blue ( ! a/]s1-- ,he>+1 p]*ance1 ! croak ( a cr[ on ! desolate tree-top1 ,brea?+ ! reek ( )]$ re$s1 or ! drift$ & sodd5 ,spl5dors ( woodl&1 z :oso pi\sly groane? 9 _s3 ',vanity1 v]ily2 yea1 x is vanity1 let me =sake x6' ,b z ! light ( day ent]s "s popul\s city1 ,%am+ away1 ere x come1 by ! *illy day-/reak signal1 ,high & l[1 ! misus]s ( night1 %am+ out ! gas-lamps-- ,all ! great empty /reets are flood$ ) broad5+ cle>ness ,:i*1 )al1 by inscrutable simultane\s access ,p]meates f> & pi]ces to ! v cell>s ly+ 9 ,n>r[ high back-lane1 & c\rt1 & alley ( alleys3-- ,he t goes =? to 8 walks1 :ile spe$+ to ! suburb1 ,sees sights only peaceful & pure2 z labor]s settl+ ,sl[ly to "w1 9 _! limbs ! l+]+ sweetness ( slumb]2 ,humble m>ket-c>ts1 com+ 91 br++ 91 n only ,fl[]1 fruit1 f>m-/ore1 b s\nds & sights ( ! c\ntry ,dwell+ yet on ! s5se ( ! dreamy driv]s2 soon aft] ,half-awake s]vant-maids unfa/5+ dr[sy %utt]s ,up at ! w9d[s1 or d[n1 lett+ 9 ! air by ! doorway1 ,s*ool-boys1 s*ool-girls soon1 ) slate1 portfolio1 sat*el1 ,hamp]$ z !y ha/e1 ^? runn+1 ^! o!rs maid5ly tripp+2444 ,meantime above pur] air unt>ni%$ ( new-lit fires2 ,s t ! :ole great wick$ artificial civilis$ fabric-- ,all its unf9i%$ h\ses1 lots = sale1 & railway out-works-- ,seems reaccept$1 resum$ to ,primal ,nature & ,beauty4 7,,ar?ur ,,hugh ,,cl\gh3 ,! ,bo?ie ( ,tob]-na-,vuoli*4 #ahdh47 ,cl\gh's hexamet]s are q unlike any o!rs 9 ,engli% poetry1 bo? 9 _! metrical quality & 9 _! use = s]io-comic v]se4 ,z ,mat!w ,arnold obs]v$1 !y are excessively1 ne$lessly r\gh1 b _! free1 g>rul\s effect has a *>m ( its own4 ,cl\gh also wrote "s hexamet]s int5d$ to be /rictly quantitative4 7,= a detail$ criticism ( ! v]se ( ! ,bo?ie1 see ,rob]t ,bridges's ,milton's ,prosody1 #aija ed41 ,app5dix ,j47 ,x 0 ,cl\gh's hexamet]s1 toge!r ) "s ,engli% ,hexamet] ,translations by ,dr4 ,hawtrey & ,mr4 ,lockh>t 7#ahdg71 t *iefly enc\rag$ ,mat!w ,arnold to believe t ! measure might be well adapt$ to a translation ( ,hom]4 ,! hexamet]1 :e!r alone or ) ! p5tamet]1 possesses a movem5t1 an expression1 :i* no metre hi!rto 9 common use among/ u possesses1 & :i* ,i am conv9c$ ,engli% poetry1 z our m5tal wants multiply1 w n always be cont5t to =ego4 7,ib41 p4 #baj47 ,mr4 ,james ,sp$d+ repli$ to ,mr4 ,arnold's sugge/ion1 f ! po9t ( view ( ! classical s*ol>1 urg+ t only hexamet]s purely quantitative c\ld prop]ly repres5t ^? ( ,v]gil4 ,he illu/rat$ 8 views by an amus+ hexametrical dialogue1 conduct$ alt]nately 9 ,v]gilian measure & 9 t ( ,longfell[4 ,( ! =m] are ! l9es3 ,v]ses s modulate1 s tun$1 s v>i$ 9 acc5t1 ,ri* ) unexpect$ *anges1 smoo?1 /ately1 sonor\s1 ,roll+ ev] =w>d1 tidelike1 ) ?und]1 9 endless ,procession1 complex melodies--pause1 quantity1 acc5t1 ,aft] ,virgilian prec$5t & practice1 9 ord] ,di/ribut$--c\ld ^! gratify ?' ,etonian e>-drum8 7,,james ,,sp$d+3 ,reviews & ,discussions1 #ahgi4 p4 #cbg47 ,arnold1 h[ev]1 wisely decl9$ to be l$ into a discussion ( ! relations ( acc5t & quantity 9 ,engli%4 ,all we are "h conc]n$ )1 he said1 is ! imitation1 by ! ,engli% hexamet]1 ( ! anci5t hexamet] 9 its effect ^u u mod]ns4444 ,! receiv$ ,engli% type1 9 its g5]al outl9es1 is1 = ,engl&1 ! necess>y giv5 type ( ?is metre2 x is by r5d]+ ! metrical beat ( its patt]n1 n by r5d]+ ! acc5tual beat ( x1 t ! ,engli% language has adapt$ ! ,greek hexamet]4444 ,i look ) hope t[>ds cont9u$ attempts at p]fect+ & employ+ ?is rhy?m2 b my belief 9 ! imm$iate success ( su* attempts is f> less confid5t ?an has be5 suppos$4 7,see ! :ole passage1 ,on ,translat+ ,hom]1 pp4 #bge-bhd47 ,! hexamet]s ( ,dr4 ,hawtrey1 quot$ by ,arnold1 are ^!3 ,cle>ly ! re/ ,i behold ( ! d>k-ey$ sons ( ,a*aia2 ,kn[n to me well are ! faces ( all2 _! names ,i rememb]2 ,two1 two only rema91 :om ,i see n among ! comm&]s1 ,ka/or fleet 9 ! c>1--,polydeukes brave ) ! ce/us1-- ,own de> bre?r5 ( m9e1--"o p>5t lov$ u z infants4 ,are !y n "h 9 ! ho/1 f ! %ores ( lov$ ,lak$aimon1 ,or1 ?\gh !y came ) ! re/ 9 %ips t b\nd ?r\gh ! wat]s1 ,d>e !y n ent] ! fight or /& 9 ! c\ncil ( h]oes1 ,all = fe> ( ! %ame & ! taunts my crime has awak5$8 --,s said %e4 ,!y long s9ce 9 ,e>?'s s(t arms 7 repos+1 ,!re1 9 _! own de> l&1 _! fa!rl&1 ,lak$aimon4 7,f ,engli% ,hexamet] ,translations1 p4 #bdb47 ,arnold also illu/rat$ 8 doctr9e 9 "s hexamet]s ( 8 own1 :i* h n usually be5 reg>d$ z a happy exp]im5t4 ,!y run 9 "p z foll[s3 ,truly1 yet ?is "t w we save !e1 mighty ,a*illes6 ,b ?y day ( dea? is at h&2 nor %all we be ! reason-- ,no1 b ! w ( heav51 & ,fate's inv9cible p[]4 ,= by no sl[ pace nor want ( swiftness ( ours ,did ! ,trojans obta9 to /rip ! arms f ,patroclus2 ,b t pr9ce among gods1 ! son ( ! lovely-hair$ ,leto1 ,slew him fight+ 9 front ( ! fray1 & glorifi$ ,hector4 ,b1 = u1 we vie 9 spe$ ) ! brea? ( ! ,we/-,w9d1 ,:i*1 m5 say1 is ! fleete/ ( w9ds2 'tis ?\ :o art fat$ ,to lie l[ 9 dea?1 by ! h& ( a god & a mortal4 7,ib41 p4 #bcd47 ,t5nyson evid5tly view$ ) small respect ^! v>i\s ef=ts to r5d] ,hom] 9 ,engli% hexamet]s4 ,see 8 l9es beg9n+3 ,^! lame hexamet]s ! /rong-w+'d music ( ,hom]6 ,no--b a mo/ burlesque b>b>\s exp]im5t4 7,9 ,quantity3 ,hexamet]s & ,p5tamet]s47 ,comp>e ! amus+ l9es ( ,walt] ,savage ,l&or3 ,aske/ ?\ if 9 my y\? ,i h m\nt$1 z o!rs h m\nt$1 ,gallop+ ,hexamet]1 ,p5tamet] cant]+ aft]1 ,engli% by dam & by sire2 bit1 bridle1 & saddl]y1 ,engli%2 ,engli% ! gir?s & ! %oes2 all ,engli% f snaffle to crupp]2 ,ev]y?+ ,engli% ab\t1 except+ ! tune ( ! jockey84444 ,seldom my goosequill1 ( goose f ,g]many1 fatt$ 9 ,engl&1 7,frolicsome ?\gh ,i h be57 h ,i tri$ on ,hexamet]1 kn[+ ,lat9 & ,greek are alone its languages4 ,we h a measure ,fa%ion$ by ,milton's own h&1 a full]1 a deep]1 a l\d]4 4444 ,peace be ) all6 b af> be ambition to foll[ ! ,roman1 ,l$ by ! ,g]man uncomb$ & jigg+ 9 dactyl & spondee1 ,lumb]+ %apeless jackboots :i* no?+ c poli% or supple4 ,mu* z old metres delight me1 'tis only :]e fir/ !y 7 nurtur$1 ,9 _! own clime1 _! own spee*3 ?an pamp] !m "h1 ,i w\ld r ,tie up my ,pegasus tight to ! scanty-f$ rack ( a sonnet4 7,engli% ,hexamet]s1 9 ,! ,la/ ,fruit (f an ,old ,tree47 ,9 l mann] ,mr4 ,sw9burne says3 ,i mu/ say h[ inexplicable x seems to me t ,mr4 ,arnold1 ( all m51 %\ld be a patron ( ,engli% hexamet]s4 ,8 own ,i h tri$ 9 va9 to r$uce by scansion into any metrical feet at all2 !y look l no?+ on e>?1 & s\nd l anape/s brok5 up & driv5 wrong4444 ,& at be/ :at ugly ba/>ds ( v]se are ^! self-/yl$ hexamet]s6 h[ human tongues or h&s c\ld utt] or c\ld write !m except by way ( burlesque improvisation ,i c\ld nev] imag9e1 & nev] %all4 7,essays & ,/udies1 p4 #afc47 ,f ?is condemnation ,mr4 ,sw9burne excepts only ! hexamet]s ( ,dr4 ,hawtrey1 b t is simply a graceful int]lude ( pa/ime4 ,see also ! essay call$ ,rem>ks on ,engli% ,hexamet]s1 9 ! ,hor ,hell5ic ( ,pr(essor ,john ,/u>t ,blackie4 ,hov]+ ov] ! wat] he came1 ^u glitt]+ p9ions1 ,liv+1 a wond]1 outgr[n f ! tight-lac$ fold ( 8 s&als2 ,b\nd+ f bill[ to bill[1 & sweep+ ! cre/s l a sea-gull2 ,leap+ ! gulfs ( ! surge1 z he laugh$ 9 ! joy ( 8 leap+4 ,fair & maje/ic he sprang to ! rock2 & ! maid5 9 wond] ,gaz$ = a :ile1 & !n hid 9 ! d>k-roll+ wave ( h] tresses1 ,fe>ful1 ! light ( h] eyes2 :ile ! boy 7= h] sorr[ _h aw$ him7 ,blu%$ at h] blu%es1 & vani%$1 l mi/ on ! cliffs at ! sunrise4 ,fe>ful at l5g? %e look$ =?3 he 0 gone3 %e1 wild ) amazem5t1 ,wail$ = h] "m al\d3 b ! wail ( ! w9d only answ]$4 7,,*>les ,,k+sley3 ,&rom$a4 #aheh47 ,k+sley believ$ 9 ! possibility ( repres5t+ ! quantitative v]se ( classical poetry 9 ,engli%1 & at ! same "t hold+ to g5u9ely ,engli% rhy?m4#df ,?us he tri$ to introduce m real spondees into 8 hexamet]s ?an ,longfell[ & o!rs _h done4 ,comp>e su* a l9e z ,longfell['s-- ,man is unju/1 b ,god is j2 & f9ally ju/ice-- ) ,k+sley's-- ,!n z a p9e ^u ,ida :5 s\?-we/ w9ds bl[ l&w>d4 ,9 ! =m] ! dissyllabic feet are 9 no s5se spondees2 9 ! latt] !re is an ef=t to fill !m ) g5u9ely long syllables4 ,lov] ^: vehem5t kisses on lips irresponsive are squ&]$1 ,lov] t wooe/ 9 va9 ,e>?'s imp]turbable he>t2 ,a?lete mightily fru/rate1 :o pitte/ ?y !ws aga9/ legions1 ,lock$ ) fanta/ical ho/s1 bodiless arms ( ! sky2 ,sea t breake/ = ev]1 t breake/ & nev] art brok51 ,l unto ?9e1 f ( old1 spr+e? ! _s ( man1-- ,nature's woo] & fight]1 ^: ye>s are a suit & a wre/l+1 ,all _! h\rs1 f 8 bir?1 hot ) desire & ) fray4 7,,william ,,watson3 ,hymn to ! ,sea1 ii47 ,"h ! alt]nate l9es repres5t ! p5tamet] ( ! ,lat9 elegiac v]se1 :]e ! light syllables 7 omitt$ at ! cesura & ! end ( ! l9e4 ,:5 !y came to ! fair-fl[+ riv] & to ! places ,:]e /ood pools 9 pl5ty prep>$1 & wat] abundant ,gu%$ up1 a cure = ?+s manifold uncleanly1 ! mules 7 ,unyok$ f ! waggons1 driv5 (f to ! b9dwe$ pa/ures ,by ! ru%+ swirl+ riv]1 & ! wom5 set ab\t x ,unload+ ! waggons1 c>ry+ clo!s d[n to ! wat]1 ,"o ) o!r /riv+1 /epp+ ha/ily into ! wa%-tr\ghs4 ,:5 wa%+ & r9s+ 7 done1 !y br\ght ! l95 d[n ,on to ! sea-%ore1 & set x all out !reupon 9 r[s ,:]e ! pebbles ?r[n up by ! waves mo/ ?ickly ab\nd$4 7,,william ,,johnson ,,/one3 ,translation ( ,odyssey1 vi4 #he ff41 9 ,! ,use ( ,classical ,measures 9 ,engli%4 #ahii47 ,mr4 ,/one1 l ! ,elizabe?an classical v]sifi]s1 seeks to write purely quantitative v]se 9 ,engli%1 &1 s f> f aim+ at ! same "t to pres]ve ! rhy?m ( ! usual ,engli% hexamet]1 he reg>ds ! cla% betwe5 acc5t & quantity z a beauty r ?an a defect4 ,! v]ses he int5ds to be read ) ! natural acc5t unimpair$1 ! read] li/5+ = ! regul> quantities at ! same "t4 ,! views ( ,mr4 ,/one on ! nature ( ,engli% acc5t & quantity are p]haps unique among mod]n writ]s on ! subject4 ,! ord9>y unemphatic ,engli% acc5t is exactly a rais+ ( pit*1 & no?+ m1 z 9 ,greek4 ,! acc5t ( emphasis is some?+ q diff]5t 9 "* f ! ord9>y acc5t4 ,to ^? :o insi/ t to !m ! second syllable ( c>p5t] is di/9ctly %ort1 ,mr4 ,/one replies3 ,y are associat+ y\rselves by su* an admission ) ! vulg> actors ( ,plautus r ?an ! educat$ read]s ( ,virgil2--a truly t]rible *>ge6 ,mr4 ,/one gives an int]e/+ critical hi/ory ( e>li] ef=ts to introduce classical measures into ,engli%4 ,8 monograph is repr9t$1 b )\t ! specim5 translation1 z ! second "p ( ! #aija edition ( ,rob]t ,bridges's ,milton's ,prosody4 ,= fur!r discussion ( ! relations ( classical & ,engli% prosody1 & ( acc5t & quantity 9 ,engli%1 see ,s*ipp]1 vol4 i4 pp4 #ba-bg2 ,a4 ,j4 ,ellis3 article 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,philological ,society1 #ahge-ahgf2 ,t4 ,d4 ,goodell3 article on ,quantity 9 ,engli% ,v]se1 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,philological ,society1 #ahhe2 ,edmund ,gurney3 ,! ,p[] ( ,s\nd1 pp4 #dbi-dci2 ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson3 ,app5dix to ,new ,essays t[>ds a ,critical ,me?od1 #ahig2 & ! discussion 9 ,"p ,?ree ( ! pres5t volume4 ,,footnotes3 #db ,putt5ham's treatise on ,engli% poetry1 :i* foll[$ ,webbe's 7#aehi71 & 0 ! mo/ ?or\gh treatm5t ( ! subject writt5 9 ! ,elizabe?an p]iod1 also discuss$ ! re=m$ v]sify+1 b ) less respect4 ,! *apt] is entitl$3 ,h[ if all man] ( soda9e innovations 7 n v sc&al\s1 specially 9 ! lawes ( any langage or arte1 ! use ( ! ,greeke & ,lat9e feete might be br\ght into our vulg> ,poesie1 & ) good grace in\gh4 7,arb] ,repr9t ( ,! ,arte ( ,engli% ,poesie1 p4 #abf47 ,putt5ham seems to see ! relations ( quantity & acc5t some:at m cle>ly ?an mo/ ( 8 contempor>ies1 & :ile he gives rules = adapt+ ,engli% words to quantitative prosody1 he is dispos$ to ?9k t p]adv5ture ) u ,engli%m5 x be some:at too late to admit a new inv5tion ( feete & times t our =efa!rs nev] us$ nor nev] obs]v$ till ?is day 7p4 #acb74 #dc ,campion's ,obs]vations are repr9t$ 9 ,mr4 ,bull5's edition ( 8 poems1 & also 9 ,rhys's ,lit]>y ,pamphlets1 vol4 i4 ,8 attack on ! cu/om>y ,engli% rim$ v]se 0 answ]$ by ! poet laureate1 ,samuel ,daniel1 :o publi%$ 9 ! same ye> 7#afjb7 8 ,def5ce ( ,ryme aga9/ a ,pamphlet entitul$ ,obs]vations 9 ! ,art ( ,engli% ,poesie4 ,:]e9 is demon/ratively proov$ t ,ryme is ! fitte/ h>monie ( words t comports ) our ,language4 ,daniel /ruck at ! root ( all ! pr9ciples ( ! classical v]sifi]s1--! supreme au?ority ( ! classics4 ,we are ! *ildr5 ( nature z well z !y1 he exclaims ) ref]5ce to ! anci5ts4 ,x is n ! obs]v+ ( ,tro*aiques nor _! ,iambiques1 t w make our writ+s ought ! wis]4 ,& he exp\nds ! ,engli% acc5tual v]se-sy/em ) cle>ness & vigor4 ,?is essay ( ,daniel's may be said to m>k ! end1 if x did n br+ ab\t ! end1 ( ! ,elizabe?an exp]im5ts 9 classical metres4 ,= o!r contempor>y criticism ( ! ef=t1 see "u ! foll[+ section1 on ! ,hexamet]4 #dd ,on ! hi/ory ( ! ,engli% hexamet]1 see ! admirable acc\nt 9 ,mayor's ,*apt]s on ,engli% ,metre1 #b;d ed41 *ap4 xv4 #de ,s\!y's ef=t 0 attack$ by ! ,rev4 ,s4 ,tillbrook1 ,fell[ ( ,pet]h\se1 9 a pamphlet entitl$ ,hi/orical & ,critical ,rem>ks ^u ! ,mod]n ,hexamet]s1 & ^u ,mr4 ,s\!y's ,vision ( ,judgm5t4 ,to ?is ,s\!y repli$ 9 ! second edition ( 8 poem1 say+ to ,mr4 ,tillbrook3 ,y try ! measure by ,greek & ,lat9 prosody3 y might z well try me by ! ,laws ( ,solon1 or ! ,twelve ,tables4 ,i h di/9ctly /at$ t ! ,engli% hexamet] is n con/ruct$ ^u ^? canons4 ,he fur!r appeal$ to ! success ( ! hexamet] 9 ,g]many1 & conclud$3 ,i am glad t ,i h made ! exp]im5t1 & q satisfi$ ) ! result4 ,! critics :o write & talk are ) y3 s ,i d>e say are ! :ole posse ( s*oolma/]s4 ,! wom51 ! "y poets1 & ! docile bairns are ) me4 7,op4 cit41 ,preface to ! ,pres5t ,edition1 pp4 xix1 xxi47 #df ,= ,k+sley's exposition ( 8 !ories1 see ! ,lett]s & ,memories1 edit$ by 8 wife1 vol4 i4 pp4 #cch-cdd4 ,he decl9$ to yield to tro*eism "o atom4 ,my e> always dem&s ! equival5t ( ! 'lo/ %ort syllable4' ,& aga93 ,e argum5t y br+ conv9ces me m & m t ! !ory ( our prosody dep5d+ on acc5t is false1 & t x really is v ne>ly id5tical ) ! ,greek4444 ,i am glad to he> 7be+ a lazy man7 t ,i h m lic5se ?an ,i wi% =2 b ,i d ?9k t1 ) prop] c>e1 y may h z _m spondees1 )\t hurt+ ! rhy?m1 9 ,engli% z y h 9 ,greek1 & my e> is tortur$ by a tro*ee in/ead4444 ,i mu/ try = ,hom]'s av]age ( a spondee a l9e4 ,,vii4 ,,imitations ,,( ,,artificial ,,fr5* ,,lyrical ,,=ms ,a numb] ( artificial lyrical =ms1 orig9at+ 9 ! +5uity ( ! m$ival ,prov5al poets1 7 adopt$ by ! ,middle ,engli% imitators ( ! ,romance lyri/s1 & 7 reviv$ ) no little vigor 9 ! ,victorian p]iod4 ,*ief among ! influ5tial models = ^! =ms1 9 e>ly times1 7 ! poems ( ,ma*ault 7#abhd-acgg71 ,des*amps 7#acbh-adae71 ,froiss>t 7#accg-adaj71 & ,villon 7#adca-adhe74 ,aga9 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury su* =ms z ! rondeau 7 reviv$ 9 ,france by ,voiture 7#aeih-afdh71 b ) little effect 9 ,engl&4 ,f9ally1 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ! =ms 7 re9troduc$ by ,m4 ,?odore de ,banville1 & lat] into ,engl& by ,mr4 ,lang1 ,mr4 ,au/9 ,dobson1 ,mr4 ,gosse1 & o!rs4 ,= ! hi/ory ( ^! fa%ions 9 outl9e1 see ! admirable introduction to ,mr4 ,gleeson ,:ite's ,ballades & ,rondeaus 7#ahic72 also ,mr4 ,&rew ,lang's ,lays & ,lyrics ( ,old ,france 7#ahgb72 ,mr4 ,au/9 ,dobson's ,note on "s ,=eign ,=ms ( ,v]se1 9 ! collection ( ,latt] ,day ,lyrics 7#ahgh72 & an article by ,mr4 ,edmund ,gosse 9 ! ,cornhill ,magaz9e1 ,july1 #ahgg4 ,says ,mr4 ,dobson3 ,x may be conc$$ t ! majority ( ! =ms n[ 9 "q are n at pres5t suit$ = 444 ! treatm5t ( grave or elevat$ !mes4 ,:at is mode/ly advanc$ = "s ( !m 444 is t !y may add a new *>m ( buoyancy1--a lyric fre%ness1--to amatory & famili> v]se1 already too mu* condemn$ to fad$ measures & out-worn cad5ces4 ,fur!r1 444 t !y are admirable vehicles = ! expression ( trifles or jeux d'esprit4 ,!y h also a humbl] & obscur] use4 ,if1 to quote ! once-hackney$1 b n[ too-mu*-=gott5 maxim ( ,pope-- ',^? move easie/ t h le>n$ to dance1' :at bett] discipl9e1 among o!rs1 c\ld possibly be devis$ = '^? ab\t to v]sify' ?an a c\rse ( ,rondeaux1 ,triolets1 & ,ballades8 ,mr4 ,dobson ref]s to ! article by ,mr4 ,gosse already cit$1 & to ! ,odes ,funambulesques1 ! ,petit ,trait de ,posie ,franaise1 & o!r works ( ,m4 ,?odore de ,banville4 ,to ,m4 de ,banville 9 p>ticul> & to ! second ,fr5* ,romantic ,s*ool 9 g5]al1 ! happy mod]nization 9 ,france ( ! old measures ( ,m>ot1 ,villon1 & ,*>les ( ,orleans is ma9ly to be ascrib$4 7,latt] ,day ,lyrics1 ed4 ,w4 ,d4 ,adams1 pp4 #ccd ff47#dg ,says ,mr4 ,gleeson ,:ite3 ,! ta/e = ^! t\rs de =ce 9 ! art ( v]se-mak+ is no d\bt an acquir$ "o2 yet to quote ! fir/ attempt to produce a lyric ) a repeat$ burd5 w\ld take "o back to ! e>lie/ civilization4444 ,:e!r ! fir/ refra9s 7 us$ = decorative effect only1 or to give ! s+] "t to recollect or improvise ! next v]se1 x matt]s little1 s9ce ! once m]e adjunct 0 made 9 lat] ,fr5* use an integral & vital "p ( ! v]se4 ,! *>m ( ^! /rictly writt5 v]ses is und\bt$ly increas$ by "s k ( _! te*nical rules4444 ,to approa* ideal p]fection1 no?+ less ?an implicit ob$i5ce to all ! rules is ! fir/ elem5t ( success2 b ! task is by no means f9i%$ !re4 ,e quality t poetry dem&s1 :e!r cle>ness ( ?\ght1 elegance ( expression1 h>moni\s s\nd1 or faultless rhy?m1 is ne$$ z mu* 9 ^! %apes z 9 unfett]$ v]se4444 ,x may be said1 )\t fe> ( exagg]ation1 t all ! qualities requir$ to =m a p]fect lyric 9 poetry are equally ne$ful "h1 plus a great _m special ones ! =ms !mselves dem&4 ,to ! /ud5ts ( any art !re is always a peculi> *>m :5 ! highe/ difficulties are surm\nt$ ) su* ease t ! consummate art is hidd5 to all :o "k n ! magic password to unveil x4 7,ballades & ,rondeaus1 ,introduction1 pp4 xli1 xlii47 ,no "o is compell$ to use ^! complex =ms1 b if *os51 _! laws mu/ be obey$ to ! lett] if success is to be obta9$4 ,! *ief pleasure !y yield consi/s 9 ! app>5t spontaneity1 :i* is ! result ( g5ius1 if g5ius be inde$ ! art ( tak+ inf9ite pa9s2 or1 if t def9ition is reject$1 !y mu/ yet exhibit ! art :i* conceals art1 :e!r by int5se c>e 9 e m9ute detail1 or a happy faculty = naturally we>+ ^! fett]s4 7,ib41 pp4 l1 li47 ,a4--,,! ,,ballade ,! ballade commonly consi/s ( ?ree /anzas1 ) an envoy4 ,9 mod]n usage ! /anzas usually conta9 ei!r eight or t5 l9es1 & ! envoy half z _m z ! /anza2 b 9 e>li] usage bo? /anza & envoy v>i$1 & ! latt] might be omitt$ altoge!r4 ,! rimes 9 all ! /anzas mu/ be id5tical 9 ! correspond+ l9es1 b ! rim+ words mu/ be diff]5t4 ,! mo/ *>act]i/ic elem5t is ! refra91--! keynote ( ! poem1--:i* =ms ! la/ l9e ( ea* /anza1 includ+ ! envoy4 ,! favorite rime-s*eme = ! eight-l9e /anza is ababbcbc1 ) ! envoy bcbc4 ,mr4 ,:ite says ( ! envoy t x is n only a d$ication1 b %\ld be ! p]oration ( ! subject1 & ri*] 9 its word+ & m /ately 9 its imag]y ?an ! prec$+ v]ses1 to convey ! climax ( ! :ole matt]1 & avoid ! suspicion t x is a m]e po/script4 ,flee fro ! prees1 & dwelle ) so?fa/nesse1 ,suffyce unto ?y good1 ?\gh hit be smal2 ,= hord ha? hate1 & climb+ tikelnesse1 ,prees ha? envye1 & wele bl5t ov]al2 ,sav\r no m ?an !e bihove %al2 ,w]k wel ?y-self1 t o!r folk can/ r$e2 ,& tr\! %al deliv]e1 hit is no dr$e4 ,tempe/ !e noght al crok$ to r$resse1 ,9 tru/ ( hir t turne? z a bal3 ,gret re/e slant 9 litel bes9esse2 ,& eek be w> to sporne ageyn an al2 ,/ryve noght1 z do? ! crokke ) ! wal4 ,daunte ?y-self1 t daunte/ o!res d$e2 ,& tr\! %al deliv]e1 hit is no dr$e4 ,t !e is s5t1 receyve 9 buxumnesse2 ,! wra/l+ = ?is worlde axe? a fal4 ,h] nis non hoom1 h] nis b wild]nesse3 ,=?1 pilgrim1 =?6 ,=?1 be/e1 out ( ?y /al6 ,"k ?y contree1 look up1 ?ank ,god ( al2 ,hold ! hye wey1 & lat ?y go/ !e l$e3 ,& tr\! %al deliv]e1 hit is no dr$e4 ,envoy ,!r=e1 ?\ va*e1 leve ?yn old wrec*$nesse ,unto ! worlde2 leve n[ to be ?ral2 ,crye him m]cy1 t ( 8 hy goodnesse ,made !e ( noght1 & 9 especial ,draw unto him1 & pray 9 g5]al ,= !e1 & eek = o!r1 hev5li* m$e2 ,& tr\! %al deliv]e1 hit is no dr$e4 7,,*auc]3 ,balade de bon conseyl4 ab4 #ache47 ,"h ,*auc] foll[s ! rules ( ! ballade c>efully1 b 9 ! rime royal /anza4 ,x w be notic$ t ! rime-^w al seems to be repeat$1 b x is us$ ea* "t 9 a di/9ct s5se1 h5ce--accord+ to ! rules ( ,*auc]'s "t1 z ( mod]n ,fr5*--is reg>d$ z a diff]5t rime-^w ea* "t4 ,comp>e1 also1 ,*auc]'s ,=tune 7,balades de visage sanz pe9ture71 made ( ?ree ballades1 ) "o envoy2 ! ,balade to ,rosem\nd & ,moral ,balade on ,g5tilesse1 )\t envoys2 ! ballades on ,lak ( ,/$fa/nesse & ! ,comple9t ( ,*auc] to 8 ,empty ,purse1 ) envoys address$ to ! k+2 also ! ballade 9 ! ,prologue to ! ,leg5d ( ,good ,wom51 ,b-text1 ll4 #bdi-bfi4 ,! ,compleynt ( ,v5us1 l ,=tune1 is 9 ?ree ballades1 ) "o envoy1 & is ( special int]e/ z be+ bas$ on ?ree ,fr5* ballades ( ,graunson4#dh ,says ,*auc]3 ,& eek to me hit is a greet p5aunce1 ,si? rym 9 ,engli% ha? swi* sc>sitee1 ,to fol[e ^w by ^w ! curiositee ,( ,graunson1 fl\r ( hem t make 9 ,fraunce4 ,9 ! ,prologue to ! ,leg5d ( ,good ,wom51 :5 ,*auc] is accus$ by ! god ( love = 8 translation ( ! ,romance ( ! ,rose1 ,alce/is def5ds him by enum]at+ 8 o!r works1 :i* include3 _m an ympne = y\r halydayes1 ,t hight5 ,balades1 ,r\ndels1 ,virelayes4 7,b-text1 ll4 #dbb f47 ,on ! r\ndels1 see bel[2 none ( ,*auc]'s virelays h come d[n to u4 ,*auc]'s contempor>y1 ,john ,g[]1 also wrote ballades1 b 9 ,fr5*4 ,tell me n[ 9 :at hidd5 way is ,lady ,flora ! lovely ,roman8 ,:]e's ,hipp>*a1 & :]e is ,?ais1 ,nei!r ( !m ! fair] woman8 ,:]e is ,e*o1 beheld ( no man1 ,only he>d on riv] & m]e1-- ,%e ^: beauty 0 m ?an human8-- ,b :]e are ! sn[s ( ye/]-ye>8 ,:]e's ,hloise1 ! le>n$ nun1 ,= ^: sake ,abeill>d1 ,i we51 ,lo/ manhood & put prie/hood on8 7,f love he won su* dule & te567 ,& :]e1 ,i pray y1 is ! ,que5 ,:o will$ t ,buridan %\ld /e] ,sew$ 9 a sack's m\? d[n ! ,se9e8-- ,b :]e are ! sn[s ( ye/]-ye>8 ,:ite ,que5 ,blan*e1 l a que5 ( lilies1 ,) a voice l any m]maid51-- ,b]?a ,broadfoot1 ,beatrice1 ,alice1 ,& ,erm5g>de ! lady ( ,ma9e1-- ,& t good ,joan :om ,engli%m5 ,at ,r\5 doom$ & burn$ h] !re1-- ,"m ( ,god1 :]e are !y !n8-- ,b :]e are ! sn[s ( ye/]-ye>8-- ,nay1 nev] ask ?is week1 fair "l1 ,:]e !y are gone1 nor yet ?is ye>1 ,except ) ?is = an ov]word1-- ,b :]e are ! sn[s ( ye/]-ye>8 7,,rossetti3 ,! ,ballad ( ,dead ,ladies1 f ! ,fr5* ( ,franois ,villon1 #adej47 ,?is is a notable translation ( a notable ballade1 b x w be obs]v$ t x does n foll[ ! /rict rules z to ! numb] ( rimes4 ,9 ,mr4 ,&rew ,lang's ,ballades ( ,blue ,*9a is a =mally correct translation4 ,:]e are ! cities ( ! pla98 ,& :]e ! %r9es ( rapt ,be!l8 ,& ,calah1 built ( ,tubal-,ca98 ,& ,%9> :5ce ,k+ ,amraphal ,came out 9 arms1 & f\ght1 & fell1 ,decoy$ into ! pits ( slime ,by ,siddim1 & s5t %e] to hell2 ,:]e are ! cities ( old "t8 ,:]e n[ is ,k>nak1 t great fane ,) granite built1 a miracle8 ,& ,luxor smoo? )\t a /a91 ,^: grav5 scriptures /ill we spell8 ,! jackal & ! owl may tell1 ,d>k snakes ar\nd _! ru9s climb1 ,!y fade l e*o 9 a %ell2 ,:]e are ! cities ( old "t8 ,& :]e is :ite ,%usan1 aga91 ,:]e ,va%ti's beauty bore ! bell1 ,& all ! ,jewi% oil & gra9 ,7 br\ght to ,mi?rida? to sell1 ,:]e ,nehemiah w\ld n dwell1 ,because ano!r t[n sublime ,decoy$ him ) h] oracle8 ,:]e are ! cities ( old "t8 ,envoy ,pr9ce1 ) a dolor\s1 ceaseless knell1 ,above _! wa/$ toil & crime ,! wat]s ( oblivion swell3 ,:]e are ! cities ( old "t8 7,,edmund ,,gosse3 ,ballad ( ,dead ,cities47 ,9 ?is ballade ,mr4 ,gosse f9ely reproduces ! m s]i\s tones ( ! old =m1 & imitates ! anci5t cu/om ( address+ ! envoy to royalty4 ,?is motif1 ( old ?+s lo/1 is a favorite "o = ! s]i\s ballade1 be+ sugge/$ by ,villon's ,ballade ( ,dead ,ladies4 ,comp>e ,mr4 ,lang's ,ballade ( ,dead ,cities1 9 ,ballades ( ,blue ,*9a4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! next specim5 illu/rates ! use ( ! =m = ! light famili>ity ( v]s de socit & p>ody4 ,he liv$ 9 a cave by ! seas1 ,he liv$ ^u oy/]s & foes1 ,b 8 li/ ( =bidd5 degrees ,an ext5sive morality %[s2 ,geological evid5ce goes ,to prove he _h nev] a pan1 ,b he %av$ ) a %ell :5 he *ose1 ',twas ! mann] ( ,primitive ,man6 ,he wor%ipp'd ! ra9 & ! breeze1 ,he wor%ipp'd ! riv] t fl[s1 ,& ! ,dawn1 & ! ,moon1 & ! trees1 ,& bogies1 & s]p5ts1 & cr[s2 ,he buri$ 8 dead ) _! toes ,tuck$ up1 an orig9al plan1 ,till _! knees came "r "u _! nose1 ',twas ! mann] ( ,primitive ,man6 ,8 communal wives1 at 8 ease1 ,he w\ld curb ) occasional bl[s2 ,or 8 /ate _h a que51 l ! bees 7,z ano!r philosoph] tr[s73 ,:5 he spoke x 0 nev] 9 prose1 ,b he sang 9 a /ra9 t w\ld scan1 ,= 7to d\bt x1 p]*ance1 7 morose7 ',twas ! mann] ( ,primitive ,man6 ,envoy ,max1 pr\dly y\r ,aryans pose1 ,b _! rigs !y und\bt$ly ran1 ,=1 z e ,d>w9ian kn[s1 ',twas ! mann] ( ,primitive ,man6 7,,&rew ,,lang3 ,ballade ( ,primitive ,man47 ,9 ,mr4 ,lang's ,ballades ( ,blue ,*9a ?is appe>s z a d\ble ballade1 ) ?ree m /anzas4 ,f ! sunny climes ( ,france1 ,fly+ to ! we/1 ,came a flock ( birds by *ance1 ,!re to s+ & re/3 ,( "s secrets deep 9 que/1-- ,ju/ice = _! wrongs1-- ,seek+ "o to %ield _! brea/1 ,"o to write _! songs4 ,melodies ( old romance1 ,joy & g5tle je/1 ,notes t made ! dull he>t dance ,) a m]ry ze/2-- ,maids 9 mat*less beauty dre/1 ,y\?s 9 happy ?rongs2-- ,^! !y sang to tempt & te/ ,"o to write _! songs4 ,9 old ,london's wide expanse ,built ea* fea!r$ gue/1-- ,man's small pleasure to entrance1 ,s++ him to re/1-- ,came1 & t5d]ly confess$1 ,p]*$ on leafy prongs1 ,life 7 sweet if !y possess$ ,"o to write _! songs4 ,envoy ,au/91 x 0 y !y ble/3 ,fame to y belongs6 ,"t has prov5 y're ! be/ ,"o to write _! songs4 7,,frank ,,demp/] ,,%]man3 ,to ,au/9 ,dobson47 ,mr4 ,au/9 ,dobson is said to h be5 ! fir/ to re9troduce ! ballade into ,engli% poetry1 & ! pres5t specim5 is a tribute to 8 success by an ,am]ican poet4 ,bird ( ! bitt] bright gray gold5 morn ,sc>ce ris5 ^u ! dusk ( dolor\s ye>s1 ,fir/ ( u all & sweete/ s+] born ,^: f> %rill note ! _w ( new m5 he>s ,cleave ! cold %udd]+ %ade z twilight cle>s2 ,:5 song new-born put (f ! old _w's attire ,& felt its tune on h] *ang$ lips expire1 ,writ =emo/ on ! roll ( !m t came ,fre% girt = s]vice ( ! latt] lyre1 ,villon1 our sad bad glad mad bro!r's "n6 7,,sw9burne3 ,ballad ( ,franois ,villon1 ,pr9ce ( all ,ballad-,mak]s1 /4 i47 ,?is specim5 repres5ts ! ballade 9 t5-l9e /anzas4 ,!re is also an ext5d$ =m ( ! ballade1 call$ ! ,*ant ,royal1 ) five /anzas & envoy1 ! /anzas consi/+ ( elev5 v]ses4 ,! usual rime-s*eme is ababccdd$e1 ) envoy dd$e4 ,= admirable specim5s1 see ,mr4 ,dobson's ,dance ( ,dea? & ,mr4 ,gosse's ,praise ( ,dionysus1 9 ,ballades & ,rondeaus1 pp4 #ih1 #ajj4 ,mr4 ,:ite says ( ?is =m3 ,! *ant royal 9 ! old =m is usually devot$ to ! unfold+ ( an allegory 9 its five /anzas1 ! envoy supply+ ! key2 b ?is is n always obs]v$ 9 mod]n examples4 ,:atev] be ! subject1 h[ev]1 x mu/ always m>* 9 /ately rhy?m ) spl5did imag]y1 us+ all ! poetic adornm5ts ( sonor\s1 highly-wr\ght l9es & ri* embroid]y ( words1 to clo! a !me 9 itself a l(ty "o4 ,unless ! :ole poem is con/ruct$ ) int5se c>e1 ! monotony ( its sixty-"o l9es rhym$ on five s\nds is unbe>able4 7,ballades & ,rondeaus1 ,introduction1 p4 liv47 ,b4--,,! ,,rondeau ,,& ,,rondel ,rondel is ! old ,fr5* =m ( ! ^w rondeau1 & ! t]ms are !re=e naturally int]*angeable4 ,!y h be5 appli$ to a numb] ( diff]5t =ms1 all *>act]iz$ by a refra9 s repeat$ z to l9k toge!r diff]5t p>ts ( ! /ructure4 ,two ( ^! =ms are p>ticul>ly famili>4 ,! fir/ 7call$ m commonly ! rondel7 consi/s ( f\rte5 l9es1 ) only two rimes2 ! fir/ two l9es con/itute ! refra91 & are commonly repeat$ z ! sev5? & eigh? & aga9 z ! ?irte5? & f\rte5?4 ,! rime-s*eme v>ies1 b is (t5 ,a,bba1 ab,a,b1 abba,a,b 7! capitals indicat+ ! repeat$ l9es ( ! refra974 ,sometimes ! =m is %ort5$ to ?irte5 l9es1 ! second l9e ( ! refra9 n be+ repeat$ at ! close4 ,! second pr9cipal =m 7call$ m commonly ! rondeau7 consi/s ( ?irte5 l9es1 ) two rimes1 & an unrim$ refra91 tak5 f ! op5+ words ( ! fir/ l9e1 :i* foll[s ! eigh? l9e & is aga9 repeat$ at ! end4 ,! common rime-s*eme is aabba1aab 7refra971 aabba 7refra974 ,bo? ^! =ms are f\nd 9 e>ly ,fr5* poetry1 toge!r ) _m v>iations4 ,! mod]n di/9ction betwe5 rondeau & rondel is artificial b conv5i5t4 i4 ,rondel ,type ,n[ welcom som]1 ) ?y sonne s(te1 ,t ha/ ?is w9tres w$]s ov]-%ake1 ,& driv5 awey ! longe nightes blake6 ,seynt ,val5tyn1 t art ful hy on-l(te1 ,?us s+5 smale f\les = ?y sake3 ,n[ welcom som]1 ) ?y sonne s(te1 ,t ha/ ?is w9tres w$]s ov]-%ake4 ,wel han !y cause = to glad5 (te1 ,si? e* ( hem recov]$ ha? 8 make2 ,ful blisful may !y s+5 :an !y wake3 ,n[ welcom som]1 ) ?y sonne s(te1 ,t ha/ ?is w9tres w$]s ov]-%ake1 ,& driv5 awey ! longe nightes blake4 7,,*auc]3 ,qui bi5 aime a t>d oublie1 9 ,! ,p>lem5t ( ,f\les1 ll4 #fhj-fib4 ab4 #achj47 ,?is is ! r\ndel sung by ! birds to d ,nature hon\r & plesaunce4 ,! note we are told 0 made 9 ,france4 ,x w be se5 t ,*auc] employs a =m ) ?ree-l9e refra91 ( :i* ! fir/ two l9es are twice repeat$1 ! la/ only once3 ,,abb1ab,a,b1abb,a,b,b4 ,! same =m is us$ 9 ! ?ree r\ndels ( ,m]ciles ,beaute4 ,too h>d x is to s+ ,9 ^! untuneful times1 ,:5 only co9 c r+1 ,& no "o c>es = rhymes6 ,alas6 = him :o climbs ,to ,aganippe's spr+3-- ,too h>d x is to s+ ,9 ^! untuneful times6 ,8 k9dr$ clip 8 w+2 ,8 feet ! critic limes2 ,if ,fame h] laurel br+ ,old age 8 =ehead rimes3-- ,too h>d x is to s+ ,9 ^! untuneful times6 7,,au/9 ,,dobson3 ,too h>d x is to s+47 ,und]nea? ?is tablet re/1 ,gras%opp] by autumn sla91 ,s9ce ?9e airy summ] ne/ ,%iv]s "u /orm & ra94 ,freely let x be confess$ ,dea? & slumb] br+ !e ga9 ,sp>$ f w9t]'s fret & pa91 ,und]nea? ?is tablet re/4 ,myro f\nd !e on ! pla91 ,bore !e 9 h] lawny brea/1 ,re>$ ?is m>ble tomb ama9 ,to receive s small a gue/6 ,und]nea? ?is tablet re/1 ,gras%opp] by autumn sla94 7,,edmund ,,gosse3 ,aft] ,anyte ( ,tegea47 ,9 ?is ! second l9e ( ! refra9 is omitt$ :]e we %\ld expect x z l9e eight1 ! s*eme ( ! fir/ "p ( ! rondel be+ *ang$ to ,a,bab1 abb,a4 ,! ways ( ,dea? are soo?+ & s]5e1 ,& all ! words ( ,dea? are grave & sweet4 ,f camp & *ur*1 ! fireside & ! /reet1 ,%e signs to come1 & /rife & song h be54 ,a summ] night desc5d+1 cool & gre5 ,& d>k1 on daytime's du/ & /ress & heat1 ,! ways ( ,dea? are soo?+ & s]5e1 ,& all ! words ( ,dea? are grave & sweet4 ,o glad & sorr[ful1 ) triumphant mi5 ,& hopeful faces look ^u & greet ,?is la/ ( all y\r lov]s1 & to meet ,h] kiss1 ! ,com=t]'s1 y\r _s lean4-- ,! ways ( ,dea? are soo?+ & s]5e4 7,w4 ,e4 ,,h5ley3 ,! ,ways ( ,dea?47 ii4 ,rondeau ,type ,ma foi1 c'e/ fait de moi1 c> ,isabeau ,m'a conjur de lui faire un rondeau4 ,cela me met en pe9e extrme4 ,quoi6 treize v]s1 huit en -au1 c9q en -me6 ,je lui f]ais aussitt un bateau4 ,en voil c9q p\rtant en un monceau1 ,faisons-en huit1 en invoquant ,brodeau1 ,et puis mettons1 p> quelque /ratagme3 ,ma foi1 c'e/ fait4 ,si je p\vais encore de mon c]veau ,tir] c9q v]s1 l'ouvrage s]ait beau2 ,mais cep5dant je suis d$ans l'onzime3 ,et si je crois que je fais le d\zime1 ,en voil treize aju/s au niveau4 ,ma foi1 c'e/ fait6 7,,voiture3 ,rondeau1 ab4 #afdj4 ,9 ,,oeuvres de ,voiture1 ed4 ,ubic9i1 vol4 ii4 p4 #cad47 ,?is is p]haps ! mo/ fam\s ( rondeaus ( ! type :i* ,voiture did mu* to make popul>4 ,:at no p>dy ye may be sure ,?9ck n to make me to yor lure ,) wordes & *]e s contr>i5g ,swete & s[re contrewa+ ,to mu* x 7 /ill to endure ,tr\? is try$ :]e craft is 9 ure ,b ?\gh ye h _h my h]te cure ,tr[ ye ,i dote )\te end+ ,:at no p>dy ,?\gh t ) pa9 ,i d procure ,= to =gett t ons 0 pure ,wt9 my h]t %all /ill t ?+ ,un/able unsure & wav]+ ,be 9 my mynde )\t recure ,:at no p>dye4 7,,sir ,,?omas ,,wyatt3 ,rondeau 9 ,wyatt ,,ms41 reproduc$ 9 ,anglia1 vol4 xviii4 p4 #dgh4 ab4 #aedj47 ,besides ! rondeaus f\nd 9 ! ,wyatt ,,ms41 ?ree poems ( ,wyatt's1 publi%$ 9 ,tottel's ,songs & ,sonnets 7#aeeg71 7 evid5tly int5d$ z rondeaus 7see ,arb]'s ,repr9t1 pp4 #ec1 #gc74 ,! editor1 n und]/&+ ! =m or ?9k+ x too unfamili> to be popul>1 seems to h *ang$ x to a sort ( sonnet1 omitt+ ! refra9 at ! end & mak+ a complete l9e ( x z ! n9? ( ! poem4 ,^! hidd5 rondeaus 7 discuss$ by ,mr4 ,dobson 9 ! ,a!num = #ahgh 7vol4 i4 p4 #chj72 see also ,als*]'s ,sir ,?omas ,wyatt und se9e ,/ellung1 etc4 ,?\ fool6 if madness be s rife1 ,t1 spite ( wit1 ?\'lt h a wife1 ,i'll tell !e :at ?\ mu/ expect-- ,aft] ! honeymoon neglect1 ,all ! sad days ( ?y :ole life2 ,to t a _w ( woe & /rife1 ,:i* is ( m>riage ! effect-- ,& ?\ ?y woe's own ar*itect1 ,?\ fool6 ,?\'lt no?+ f9d b disrespect1 ,ill words i' ?' scold+ dialect1 ,= %e'll all tabor be1 or fife2 ,!n pry!e g & :et ?y knife1 ,& f ?is fate ?yself protect1 ,?\ fool6 7,,*>les ,,cotton3 ,rondeau4 ab4 #afge4 ,quot$ by ,gue/1 ,engli% ,rhy?ms1 ,skeat ed41 p4 #fde47 ,a good rondeau ,i 0 induc$ to %[ ,to "s fair ladies "s %ort :ile ago2 ,well kn[+ _! ability & ta/e1 ,i ask$ %\ld aught be add$ or effac$1 ,& pray$ t e fault !y'd make me "k4 ,! fir/ did h] mo/ anxi\s c>e be/[ ,to impress "o po9t f :i* ,i ne'er %\ld g3 ,^u a good beg9n+ mu/ be bas$ ,a good rondeau4 ,zeal bid ! o!r's *oice/ language gl[3 ,%e s(tly said3 ,rec\nt y\r weal or woe1 ,y\r e subject1 free f pause or ha/e2 ,ne'er let y\r h]o fail1 nor be disgrac$4 ,! ?ird3 ,) v>y+ emphasis %\ld fl[ ,a good rondeau4 7,j4 ,r4 ,,be/3 ,ung ,bon ,rondeau1 9 ,rondeaulx4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5*1 ed4 #aebg4 #ahch4 ,quot$ 9 ,ballades & ,rondeaus1 ,introduction1 p4 xxxviii47 ,dea?1 ( !e d ,i make my moan1 ,:o had/ my lady away f me1 ,nor wilt assuage ?9e enmity ,till ) h] life ?\ ha/ my own2 ,= s9ce t h\r my /r5g? has fl[n4 ,lo6 :at wrong 0 h] life to !e1 ,dea?8 ,two we 71 & ! he>t 0 "o2 ,:i* n[ be+ dead1 dead ,i mu/ be1 ,or seem alive z lifelessly ,z 9 ! *oir ! pa9t$ /one1 ,dea?6 7,,rossetti3 ,to ,dea?1 ( 8 ,lady1 f ! ,fr5* ( ,villon1 #adej47 ,?is repres5ts an e>ly %ort =m ( ! rondeau4 ,) pipe & flute ! ru/ic ,pan ,( old made music sweet = man2 ,& wond] hu%$ ! w>bl+ bird1 ,& clos] drew ! calm-ey$ h]d1-- ,! roll+ riv] sl[li] ran4 ,ah6 w\ld1--ah6 w\ld1 a little span1 ,"s air ( ,arcady c\ld fan ,?is age ( ours1 too seldom /irr$ ,) pipe & flute6 ,b n[ = gold we plot & plan2 ,& f ,be]%eba unto ,dan ,apollo's self might pass unhe>d1 ,or f9d ! night-j>'s note pref]r$4-- ,n s x f>$1 :5 "t began ,) pipe & flute6 7,,au/9 ,,dobson3 ,) ,pipe & ,flute47 ,:at is to come we "k n4 ,b we "k ,t :at has be5 0 good--0 good to %[1 ,bett] to hide1 & be/ ( all to be>4 ,we are ! ma/]s ( ! days t 73 ,we h liv$1 we h lov$1 we h suff]$--ev5 s4 ,%all we n take ! ebb :o _h ! fl[8 ,life 0 our fri5d4 ,n[1 if x be our foe-- ,de>1 ?\gh x break & spoil u6--ne$ we c>e ,:at is to come8 ,let ! great w9ds _! wor/ & wilde/ bl[1 ,or ! gold wea!r r\nd u mell[ sl[3 ,we h fulfill$ ourselves1 & we c d>e ,& we c conqu]1 ?\gh we may n %>e ,9 ! ri* quiet ( ! aft]gl[ ,:at is to come4 7,w4 ,e4 ,,h5ley3 ,:at is to ,come47 ,a man mu/ live6 ,we ju/ify ,l[ %ift & trick to treason high1 ,a little vote = a little gold1 ,to a :ole s5ate b\ght & sold1 ,) ?is self-evid5t reply4 ,b is x s8 ,pray tell me :y ,life at su* co/ y h to buy8 ,9 :at religion 7 y told ,a man mu/ live8 ,!re are times :5 a man mu/ die4 ,imag9e = a battle-cry ,f soldi]s ) a sword to hold-- ,f soldi]s ) ! flag unroll$-- ,?is c[>d's :9e1 ?is li>'s lie1 ,a man mu/ live6 7,,*>lotte ,,p]k9s ,,/etson3 ,a ,man ,mu/ ,live47 ,a ,r\ndel is wr\ght z a r+ or a />bright sph]e1 ,) craft ( delight & ) cunn+ ( s\nd uns\ght1 ,t ! he>t ( ! he>] may smile if to pleasure 8 e> ,a r\ndel is wr\ght4 ,its jewel ( music is c>v5 ( all or ( aught-- ,love1 laught]1 or m\rn+--remembrance ( rapture or fe>-- ,t fancy may fa%ion to hang 9 ! e> ( ?\ght4 ,z a bird's quick song runs r\nd1 & ! he>ts 9 u he>-- ,pause answ]s to pause1 & aga9 ! same /ra9 caught1 ,s moves ! device :5ce1 r\nd z a pe>l or te>1 ,a r\ndel is wr\ght4 7,,sw9burne3 ,! ,r\ndel1 9 ,a ,c5tury ( ,r\ndels47 ,mr4 ,sw9burne has re9troduc$ ! old ^w-=m r\ndel1 to di/+ui% ?is /yle ( rondeau1 ( 8 own devis+1 ) n9e long l9es1 rim+ aba1 bab1 aba1 ! refra9 rim+ also ) ! b l9es4 ,c4--,,! ,,villanelle ,?is highly intricate =m 0 orig9ally us$ = pa/oral or idyllic v]se1 & x is commonly res]v$1 z ,mr4 ,dobson obs]ves1 = subjects full ( sweetness & simplicity4 ,9 its typical =m x consi/s ( n9ete5 l9es1 divid$ into five gr\ps or /anzas ( ?ree & "o ( f\r4 ,!re are b two rimes1 & ! two v]ses :i* con/itute ! refra9 recur aga9 & aga91 l9e #a reappe>+ z l9e #f1 l9e #ab1 & l9e #ah1 :ile l9e #c reappe>s z l9e #i1 l9e #ae1 & l9e #ai4 ,! rime s*eme ( all ! t]cets is aba1 ( ! conclusion abaa4 ,^? villanelles are consid]$ mo/ highly f9i%$ 9 :i* ! refra9 recurs ) slightly diff]5t significations4 ,on ! hi/ory ( ?is =m1 see ,j4 ,b\lmi]'s ,les ,villanelles1 ,p>is1 #ahgh4 ,! mod]n developm5t ( ! villanelle has be5 l>gely influ5c$ by ! "w ( ,pass]at 7#aecd-afjb71 ^: mo/ fam\s villanelle is ! foll[+ specim53 ,j'ay p]du ma t\rt]elle2 ,e/-ce-po9t elle que j'oy8 ,je veux all] aprs elle4 ,tu regrettes ta femelle2 ,hlas6 aussy fay-je moy3 ,j'ay p]du ma t\rt]elle4 ,si ton am\r e/ fidle1 ,aussy e/ f]me ma foy2 ,je veux all] aprs elle4 ,ta pla9te se r5\velle8 ,t\j\rs pla9dre je me doy3 ,j'ay p]du ma t\rt]elle4 ,en ne voyant plus la belle ,plus ri5 de beau je ne voy3 ,je veux all] aprs elle4 ,mort1 que tant de fois j'apelle1 ,pr5s ce que se donne toy3 ,j'ai p]du ma t\rt]elle4 ,je veux all] aprs elle4 7,,jean ,,pass]at3 ,villanelle47 ,:5 ,i saw y la/1 ,rose1 ,y 7 only s high2-- ,h[ fa/ ! "t goes6 ,l a bud ere x bl[s1 ,y j peep$ at ! sky1 ,:5 ,i saw y la/1 ,rose6 ,n[ y\r petals unclose1 ,n[ y\r ,may-"t is nigh2-- ,h[ fa/ ! "t goes6 ,& a life1--h[ x gr[s6 ,y 7 sc>cely s %y ,:5 ,i saw y la/1 ,rose6 ,9 y\r bosom x %[s ,!re's a gue/ on ! sly2 ,h[ fa/ ! "t goes6 ,is x ,cupid8 ,:o kn[s6 ,yet y us$ n to sigh1 ,:5 ,i saw y la/1 ,rose2-- ,h[ fa/ ! "t goes6 7,,au/9 ,,dobson3 ,:5 ,i ,saw ,y ,la/1 ,rose47 ,a da9ty ?+'s ! ,villanelle4 ,sly1 musical1 a jewel 9 rhyme1 ,x s]ves its purpose pass+ well4 ,a d\ble-clapp]$ silv] bell ,t mu/ be made to cl9k 9 *ime1 ,a da9ty ?+'s ! ,villanelle2 ,& if y wi% to flute a spell1 ,or ask a meet+ 'nea? ! lime1 ,x s]ves its purpose pass+ well4 ,y mu/ n ask ( x ! swell ,( organs gr&iose & sublime-- ,a da9ty ?+'s ! ,villanelle2 ,&1 fill$ ) sweetness1 z a %ell ,is fill$ ) s\nd1 & laun*$ 9 "t1 ,x s]ves its purpose pass+ well4 ,/ill fair to see & good to smell ,z 9 ! qua9tness ( its prime1 ,a da9ty ?+'s ! ,villanelle1 ,x s]ves its purpose pass+ well4 7,w4 ,e4 ,,h5ley3 ,villanelle47 ,w\ld/ ?\ n be cont5t to die ,:5 l[-hung fruit is h>dly cl++ ,& gold5 ,autumn passes by8 ,b5ea? ?is delicate rose-gray sky1 ,:ile sunset bells are fa9tly r++1 ,w\ld/ ?\ n be cont5t to die8 ,= w9try webs ( mi/ on high ,out ( ! muffl$ e>? are spr++1 ,& gold5 ,autumn passes by4 ,o n[ :5 pleasures fade & fly1 ,& ,hope h] s\?w>d flight is w++1 ,w\ld/ ?\ n be cont5t to die8 ,le/ ,w9t] come1 ) wail+ cry ,8 cruel icy bondage br++1 ,:5 gold5 ,autumn ha? pass$ by2 ,& ?\ ) _m a te> & sigh1 ,:ile life h] wa/$ h&s is wr++1 ,%all pray 9 va9 = leave to die ,:5 gold5 ,autumn ha? pass$ by4 7,,edmund ,,gosse3 ,villanelle47 ,spr+ knocks at w9t]'s fro/y door3 ,9 b\ghs by wild ,m>* breezes sway$ ,! bonnie bluebirds s+ once m4 ,! brooks h bur/ _! fett]s ho>1 ,& greet ) noisy glee ! glade2 ,spr+ knocks at w9t]'s fro/y door4 ,! swall[ soon w nor?w>d so>1 ,! ru% uplift its gleam+ blade1 ,! bonnie bluebirds s+ once m4 ,soon sunny skies _! gold w p\r ,o'er meads t breezy maples %ade2 ,spr+ knocks at w9t]'s fro/y door4 ,along ! re$y riv]'s %ore1 ,fleet fauns w frolic unafraid1 ,! bonnie bluebirds s+ once m4 ,& ,love1 ! ,love we lo/ ( yore1 ,w come to tw9e ! myrtle braid2 ,spr+ knocks at w9t]'s fro/y door1 ,! bonnie bluebirds s+ once m4 7,,cl9ton ,,scoll>d3 ,spr+ ,knocks at ,w9t]'s ,fro/y ,door47 ,d4--,,! ,,triolet ,! triolet is really a dim9utive =m ( ! ,rondeau1 & 0 n orig9ally di/+ui%$ by "n4 ,x consi/s ( eight l9es1 ) two rimes1 l9es #a & #b recurr+ z l9es #g & #h1 & l9e #a also z l9e #d4 ,! rime-s*eme is ,a,ba,aab,a,b4 ,"h1 z 9 ! villanelle1 a *ange ( signification 9 ! repeat$ l9es is ?\ght to add to ! *>m ( ! =m4 ,a ,fr5* specim51 f ,ran*91 is cit$ by ,mr4 ,gleeson ,:ite z be+ call$ by "s ! k+ ( triolets3 ,le premi] j\r du mois de mai ,fut le plus heureux de ma vie3 ,le beau desse9 que je =mai1 ,le premi] j\r du mois de mai6 ,je v\s vis et je v\s aimai4 ,si ce desse9 v\s plut1 ,sylvie1 ,le premi] j\r du mois de mai ,fut le plus heureux de ma vie4 ,easy is ! ,triolet1 ,if y really le>n to make x6 ,once a neat refra9 y get1 ,easy is ! ,triolet4 ,z y see6--,i pay my debt ,) ano!r rhyme4 ,deuce take x1 ,easy is ! ,triolet1 ,if y really le>n to make x6 7,w4 ,e4 ,,h5ley47 ,rose kiss$ me to-day1 ,w %e kiss me to-morr[8 ,let x be z x may1 ,rose kiss$ me to-day4 ,b ! pleasure gives way ,to a savor ( sorr[2-- ,rose kiss$ me to-day1-- ,w %e kiss me to-morr[8 ,i int5d$ an ,ode1 ,& x turn$ to a ,sonnet4 ,x began la mode1 ,i int5d$ an ,ode2 ,b ,rose cross$ ! road ,9 h] late/ new bonnet4 ,i int5d$ an ,ode1 ,& x turn$ to a ,sonnet4 7,,au/9 ,,dobson3 ,rose ,leaves47 ,9 an e>li] v]sion ( ?is la/ rose-leaf ! ode is said to h turn$ into triolets1 :5 ,rose cross$ ! road ) a bun* ( fre% violets4 ,a little kiss :5 no "o sees1 ,:]e is ! impropriety8 ,h[ sweet amid ! birds & bees ,a little kiss :5 no "o sees6 ,nor is x wrong1 ! _w agrees1 ,if tak5 ) sobriety4 ,a little kiss :5 no "o sees1 ,:]e is ! impropriety8 7,,samuel ,,m9turn ,,peck3 ,"u ! ,rose47 ,worldly designs1 fe>s1 hopes1 f>ewell6 ,f>ewell all e>?ly joys & c>es6 ,on nobl] ?\ghts my s\l %all dwell6 ,worldly designs1 fe>s1 hopes1 f>ewell6 ,at quiet1 9 my peaceful cell1 ,i'll ?9k on ,god1 free f y\r sn>es2 ,worldly designs1 fe>s1 hopes1 f>ewell6 ,f>ewell all e>?ly joys & c>es6 7,,patrick ,,c>ey3 9 ,trivial ,poems & ,triolets1 #afea2 repr9t$ by ,scott1 #ahai2 ?is triolet also quot$ 9 ,ballades & ,rondeaus1 ,introduction1 p4 xxxvi47 ,orig9ally1 ! triolet 0 (t5 us$ = s]i\s s5tim5t4 ,! pres5t & ! foll[+ specim5 are r>e in/ances ( its s]i\s use 9 ,engli%4 ,9 8 arms ?y silly lamb ,lo6 he ga!rs to 8 brea/6 ,see1 ?\ sadly bleat+ dam1 ,see him lift ?y silly lamb6 ,he> x cry1 ,h[ ble/ ,i am6-- ,"h is love & love is re/4 ,9 8 arms ?y silly lamb ,see him ga!r to 8 brea/6 7,,george ,,macdonald47 ,e4--,,! ,,se/9a ,?is =m1 al?\gh orig9ally f\nd 9 ,prov5al l ! o!rs ( ! gr\p1 has be5 m us$ 9 ,italy ?an 9 ,france1 &1 z ! ,engli% =m ( ! ^w indicates1 0 introduc$ into ,engl& "u ,italian influ5ce4 ,x 0 inv5t$ at ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 by ! tr\bad\r ,arnaut ,daniel1 celebrat$ 9 ! foll[+ specim54 ,! common =m ( ! se/9a has six /anzas ( six l9es ea*1 ) a t]cet at ! end4 ,!re is usually no rime1 b ! /anzas are bas$ on six end-words1 :i* are ! same 9 all /anzas2 9 ! t]cet ?ree ( ^! words are us$ 9 ! middle ( ! l9es1 & ?ree at ! ends4 ,! ord] ( ! end-words *anges 9 ea* /anza accord+ to a complex sy/em3 ?us 79 ! common mod]n =m7 if ! end-words ( ! fir/ /anza be repres5t$ by #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 ! ord] 9 ! second /anza w be #f1 #a1 #e1 #b1 #d1 #c2 9 ! ?ird1 #c1 #f1 #d1 #a1 #b1 #e2 9 ! f\r?1 #e1 #c1 #b1 #f1 #a1 #d2 9 ! fif?1 #d1 #e1 #a1 #c1 #f1 #b2 9 ! six?1 #b1 #d1 #f1 #e1 #c1 #a4 ,sometimes ! end-words also rime by twos & ?rees4 ,9 fair ,prov5ce1 ! l& ( lute & rose1 ,arnaut1 great ma/] ( ! lore ( love1 ,fir/ wr\ght se/9es to w9 8 lady's he>t2 ,= %e 0 deaf :5 simpl] /aves he sang1 ,& = h] sake he broke ! bonds ( rhyme1 ,& 9 ?is subtl] measure hid 8 woe4 ,h>% be my l9es1 cri$ ,arnaut1 h>% ! woe1 ,my lady1 t en?ron$ & cruel rose1 ,inflicts on him t made h] live 9 rhyme6 ,b ?r\gh ! metre spake ! voice ( ,love1 ,& l a wildwood night+ale he sang ,:o ?\ght 9 crabb$ lays to ease 8 he>t4 ,x is n told if h] unt[>d he>t ,0 melt$ by h] poet's lyric woe1 ,or if 9 va9 s amor\sly he sang4 ,p]*ance ?r\gh cr[d ( d>k conceits he rose ,to nobl] heights ( philosophic love1 ,& cr[n$ 8 lat] ye>s ) /]n] rhyme4 ,?is ?+ alone we "k3 ! triple rhyme ,( him :o b>$ 8 va/ & passionate he>t ,to all ! cross+ flames ( hate & love1 ,we>s 9 ! mid/ ( all its /orm & woe-- ,z "s l\d morn ( ,m>* may be> a rose-- ,! impress ( a song t ,arnaut sang4 ,smi? ( 8 "m-tongue1 ! ,fr5*man sang ,( ,lancelot & ( ,galahad1 ! rhyme ,t beat s bloodlike at its core ( rose1 ,x /irr$ ! sweet ,francesca's g5tle he>t ,to take t kiss t br\ght h] s mu* woe1 ,& seal$ 9 fire h] m>tyrdom ( love4 ,& ,dante1 full ( h] immortal love1 ,/ay$ 8 dre> song1 & s(tly1 fondly sang ,z ?\gh 8 voice broke ) t weight ( woe2 ,& to ?is day we ?9k ( ,arnaut's rhyme1 ,:5ev] pity at ! labor+ he>t ,on fair ,francesca's memory drops ! rose4 ,ah6 sov]eign ,love1 =give ?is weak] rhyme6 ,! m5 ( old :o sang 7 great at he>t1 ,yet h we too kn[n woe1 & worn ?y rose4 7,,edmund ,,gosse3 ,se/9a47 ,= a specim5 ( ! rim$ se/9a1 see ,sw9burne's ,poems & ,ballads1 ,second ,s]ies1 p4 #df4 ,! ,virelai1 :i* we h se5 0 "o ( ! =ms us$ by ,*auc]1 ?\gh n repres5t$ 9 8 extant poetry1 has be5 b slightly imitat$ 9 ,engli%4 ,x 0 a poem ( indet]m9ate l5g?1 compos$ ( long] & %ort] l9es1 ! long] l9es 9 ea* /anza rim+1 ! %ort] l9es 9 ! same /anza also rim+1 :ile 9 ! succe$+ /anza ! %ort-l9e rime ( ! previ\s /anza became ! long-l9e rime4 ,! la/ /anza took ! unrepeat$ rime ( ! fir/ /anza z its new rime2 s t 9 ! :ole poem ea* rime 0 us$ 9 two /anzas4 ,*>les ,cotton1 "o ( ^: rondeaus has be5 quot$1 also wrote a virelai4 ,a mod]n specim51 by ,mr4 ,john ,payne1 is quot$ 9 ,ballades & ,rondeaus1 p4 #bgf4 ,! ,pant\m is ano!r v int]e/+ =m belong+ 9 ?is gr\p r ?an else:]e1 al?\gh x orig9at$ n 9 ,france b ,malaysia4 ,x 0 imitat$ 9 ,fr5* by ,victor ,hugo & o!r poets1 & ?r\gh ,fr5* influ5ce has f\nd a place 9 ,engli% v]se4 ,x consi/s ( an indet]m9ate numb] ( /anzas ( f\r l9es ea*1 ! second & f\r? l9e ( ea* /anza be+ repeat$ z ! fir/ & ?ird ( ! succe$+ /anza1 :ile ! second & f\r? l9es ( ! la/ /anza repeat ! fir/ & ?ird l9es ( ! fir/ /anza4 ,?us ! :ole =ms a sort ( int]wov5 circle1 & is us$ mo/ appropriately to repres5t any k9d ( monotony1--! dull r\nd ( repetition4 ,f ,love 9 ,idl5ess 7#ahhc7 ,mr4 ,:ite repr9ts ! foll[+ admirable specim53 ,monologue d'outre ,tombe4 ,morn & noon & night1 ,"h ,i lie 9 ! gr\nd2 ,no fa9te/ glimm] ( light1 ,no lighte/ :isp] ( s\nd4 ,"h ,i lie 9 ! gr\nd2 ,! worms glide out & 92 ,no lighte/ :isp] ( s\nd1 ,aft] a lifelong d94 ,! worms glide out & 92 ,!y are fruitful & multiply2 ,aft] a lifelong d9 ,i wat* !m quietly4 ,!y are fruitful & multiply1 ,my body dw9dles ! :ile2 ,i wat* !m quietly2 ,i c sc>ce =be> a smile4 ,my body dw9dles ! :ile1 ,i %all soon be a skeleton2 ,i c sc>ce =be> a smile1 ,!y h _h su* glori\s fun4 ,i %all soon be a skeleton1 ,! worms are wriggl+ away2 ,!y h _h su* glori\s fun1 ,!y w f]tilize my clay4 ,! worms are wriggl+ away1 ,!y are :at ,i h be52 ,!y w f]tilize my clay2 ,! grass w gr[ m gre54 ,!y are :at ,i h be54 ,i %all *ange1 b :at ( t8 ,! grass w gr[ m gre51 ,! p>son's %eep gr[ fat4 ,i %all *ange1 b :at ( t8 ,all fle% is grass1 "o says4 ,! p>son's %eep gr[ fat1 ,! p>son gr[s 9 grace4 ,all fle% is grass1 "o says2 ,grass becomes fle%1 "o kn[s2 ,! p>son gr[s 9 grace3 ,i am ! grace he gr[s4 ,grass becomes fle%1 "o kn[s4 ,he gr[s l a bull ( ,ba%an4 ,i am ! grace he gr[s2 ,i />tle 8 congregation4 ,he gr[s l a bull ( ,ba%an1 ,"o day he'll be ,bi%op or ,dean4 ,i />tle 8 congregation2 ,"o day ,i %all prea* to ! ,que54 ,"o day he'll be ,bi%op or ,dean1 ,"o ( ^? sci5ce-hat]s2 ,"o day ,i %all prea* to ! ,que54 ,to ?9k ( my go+ 9 gait]s6 ,"o ( ^? sci5ce-hat]s1 ,bl9d z a mole or bat2 ,to ?9k ( my go+ 9 gait]s1 ,& we>+ a %ovel hat6 ,bl9d z a mole or bat1 ,no fa9te/ glimm] ( light1 ,& we>+ a %ovel hat1 ,morn+ & noon & night4 ,,footnotes3 #dg ,on ! e>ly hi/ory ( ^! =ms 9 ,france1 see ,/5gel's article 9 ,grb]'s ,grundriss d] ,romanis*5 ,philologie4 vol4 ii4 pp4 #hg-if4 #dh ,on ^! ballades ( ,graunson1 a knight ( ,savoy1 see ! articles by ,a4 ,piaget1 9 ,romania1 vol4 xix41 & ,l\nsbury's ,/udies 9 ,*auc]1 vol4 iii4 p4 #dej4 ,,"p ,,?ree ,,! ,,"t-,,elem5t ,,9 ,,engli% ,,v]se#di ,ne>ly all mod]n writ]s on ! !ory ( v]se h admitt$ t ,engli% words h no fix$ syllabic quantities su* z are po/ulat$ = ! classical languages1 b t ,engli% quantities1 s f> z !y exi/1 are v>iable & 79 "p at lea/7 subjective 9 "*4 ,to ?is x is true !re are exceptions1 *iefly among ! poets1 l "s ( ^? consid]$ 9 ! prec$+ section on ,imitations ( ,classical ,metres4 ,writ]s :o h agre$ t ,engli% words h no fix$ quantities1 are /ill at v>iance z to ! relation ( ! elem5t ( syllabic "t to ! elem5t ( acc5t 9 ,engli% v]se4 ,two extremes may at once be di/+ui%$3 t repres5t$ by ! famili> /atem5t t our rhy?ms diff] f ^? ( classical poetry 9 be+ bas$ :olly on acc5t1 & t repres5t$ mo/ notably by ! late ,sidney ,lani]1 :o held t syllabic "t-values 9 ,engli% v]se are z exact & regul> 7h5ce z accurately measurable7 z ! notes ( music4 ,lani] appli$ 8 !ory ) admirable consi/5cy1 & repres5t$ all sorts ( ,engli% v]se1 ev5 t ( ! ,anglo-,saxon p]iod1 9 musical notation4 ,he is almo/ univ]sally reg>d$1 h[ev]1 z hav+ be5 l$ by ! analogy betwe5 music & poetry to c>ry 8 me?od to q impossible l5g?s4 ,! mo/ *>act]i/ic example ( ?is is 8 repres5tation ( ! famili> blank v]se measure 9 ?ree-f\r "t1 ea* acc5t$ syllable be+ giv5 a "t-value twice z long z t ( ! adjac5t unacc5t$ syllable--a me?od ( read+ :i* c easily be %[n to be contr>y to all common practice4 ,x %\ld n be =gott51 h[ev]1 t a debt ( gratitude is ow$ ,mr4 ,lani] = hav+ be5 "o ( ! fir/ to emphasize adequately ! fact t v]se1 l music1 is rhy?mical s\nd4 ,besides ^? :o make ,engli% v]se to dep5d :olly on acc5t1 & ^? :o give x "t-values equally regul> & measurable ) ^? ( music1 !re is a ?ird class dispos$ to confuse ! two elem5ts ( quantity & acc5t4 ,( ?is class 0 ,edg> ,poe1 :o 9 8 essay on ,! ,rationale ( ,v]se con/antly spoke ( acc5t$ & unacc5t$ syllables z long & %ort1 respectively1 & 0 ev5 dispos$ to c>ry ! id5tification into ,lat9 v]se itself4 ,?is essay ( ,poe's has lately be5 def5d$ by ,mr4 ,john ,m4 ,rob]tson1 9 ! int]e/+ ,app5dix to 8 ,new ,essays t[>d a ,critical ,me?od 7#ahig74 ,un=tunately ,mr4 ,rob]tson seems to h p]petuat$ delib]ately ! confusion :i* he f\nd 9 ,poe 9 ! use ( ! t]ms acc5t & quantity4 ,he ev5 says t ! attempt to di/+ui% !m is ill-f\nd$1 t quantity 9 speak+ mu/ am\nt sub/antially to ! same ?+ z /ress1 &1 aga91 t ,poe's id5tification ( /ress ) l5g? is p]fectly s\nd4 ,:atev] be ! fundam5tal fact "h1 ! use ( t]ms _c be comm5d$4 ,if quantity is swall[$ up 9 acc5t1 s t acc5t alone dom9ates our v]se1 t is "o ?+2 if ! conditions are su* t a heavy /ress & a long quantity ne>ly always co9cide1 t is also a possible doctr9e2 b t is n to say t ! two ?+s %\ld be id5tifi$4 ,if all tall m5 we> long coats1 or if all m5--tall & %ort--we> long coats1 x foll[s 9 nei!r case t tallness & long-coat$ness are ! same ?+4 ,x is a m]e matt] ( physics t duration ( s\nd & int5sity ( s\nd are p]fectly di/+ui%able1 & t !y h no necess>y connection ) ea* o!r4 ,! problem is3 h[ are !y relat$ 9 practice8 ,x has already be5 obs]v$ t ,mr4 ,lani] did good s]vice 9 emphasiz+ ! analogy betwe5 music & poetry1 b t he c>ri$ ! analogy too f>4 ,x may1 !re=e1 be wor? :ile to consid] at j ?is po9t ! elem5ts ( lik5ess & ( diff]5ce 9 ! two =ms ( art4 ,bo? are =ms ( rhy?mical art3 music & v]se are alike rhy?mical s\nd4 ,lani] %[$ ) suffici5t c]ta9ty t rhy?m is dep5d5t ^u bo? "t & acc5t4 ,he said1 to be sure1 t "t is ! ess5tial elem5t2#ej b ?is does n seem to h be5 altoge!r :at he meant1 = he himself po9t$ out t ! e> insi/5tly m>ks (f "t-elem5ts by ! s5se ( v>iation ( /ress1 ev5 :5 !re is no real v>iation1 z 9 ! tick-tack ( ! clock4 ,he also po9t$ out t acc5t m>ks ! rhy?m ( music q z truly z t ( v]se1 ! rule be+ t ord9>ily ! fir/ note ( ea* measure %all receive a special /ress4 ,x seems1 !n1 t ! rhy?m ( music is bas$ on ! recurr5ce ( acc5t$ s\nds at equal "t-int]vals4 ,! same ?+ is true ( ! rhy?m ( v]se4 ,= e k9d ( metre !re is a normal v]se-rhy?m :i* is pres5t 9 ! m9d z ! basis on :i* ! v]se is built up1 no matt] h[ _m v>iations may con/antly occur4 ,?is normal rhy?m is =m$ by a succession ( acc5ts at exactly equal "t-int]vals1#ea su* z c be m>k$ (f by a metronome1 or by ! me*anical beat+ ( ! foot on ! floor4 ,we realize t ! v]se z commonly read frequ5tly dep>ts f ?is regul>ity ( int]vals2 b )\t ! regul>ity z a norm to :i* to ref] x1 we %\ld n recognize x z v]se4 ,! normal acc5t-int]val we call a foot4 ,exception mu/ !re=e be tak51 x seems to me1 to ano!r cont5tion ( ,mr4 ,rob]tson's2 namely1 t !re is no "t-unit4 ,our feet1 he says1 are a pure conv5tion1 & ! sole rhy?mic fact is ! fluctuant relativity ( long & %ort1 or /ress & slur4 ,i am glad to be able to believe t ! fundam5tal rhy?mic fact is some?+ m def9ite ?an ?is4#eb ,b ! late/ writ] on ! subject1 ,mr4 ,m>k ,liddell1 9 8 ,introduction to ! ,sci5tific ,/udy ( ,poetry1 jo9s ,mr4 ,rob]tson 9 f9d+ no feet 9 ,engli% v]se4 ,nay1 he repres5ts ! metri/ :o makes use ( ! old conv5tions ( rhy?mical measurem5t z "o :o w fl\nd] ceaselessly amid ! scatt]$ timb]s ( iambuses1 spondees1 dactyls1 tribra*s1 nev] rea*+ ! firm gr\nd ( tru?6 ,mr4 ,liddell po9ts out t we d n pron\nce ,engli% words1 ev5 9 v]se1 ) me*anically regul> alt]nations ( /ress2 & he rejects ! explanation t !re is nev]!less a typical =m 9 ! poet's & ! read]'s m9d1 on ! gr\nd t x is a /range /ate ( affairs t ! /hetically imp]fect %\ld produce a great] pleasure ?an ! /hetically p]fect4 ,/range1 p]haps1 b z famili> z sunrise1 if by /hetically p]fect we mean absolutely regul>4 ,"h we ne$ to recur to ! analogy ( music1 :]e ! ph5om5on 9 "q is s obvi\s4 ,let any "o attempt to foll[ a symphony ) a metronome 9 8 h&1 & he w soon discov] t if ! metronome repres5ts ! /hetically p]fect rhy?m1 ! or*e/ra repres5ts a m pleasurable imp]fection4 ,its accel]ations & ret>dations c>ry on a cont9ual conflict ) ! typical "t ( ! music1 yet t typical "t is n only pr9t$ on e %eet1 b is 9 ! m9d ( e play]4 ,x is precisely s ) v]se4 ,x is true1 ( c\rse1 t ! v>iations f regul>ity ( rhy?m are m num]\s & conspicu\s 9 v]se ?an 9 music4 ,! reason is obvi\s3 ! s\nds ( v]se h con/antly to effect a compromise betwe5 ! typical rhy?m to :i* !y are set & ! irregul> /ress-& "t-v>iations ( human spee*1 :ile music has no su* complicat$ task4 ,lyrical v]se1 be+ close/ to music1 keeps ! typical rhy?m free/ f int]ruption2 & x is wor?y ( rem>k t ,mr4 ,liddell's /udy ( ,engli% rhy?ms is bas$ v l>gely on ^? ( a non-lyrical "*1 al?\gh he himself po9ts out 7p4 #bga7 t ^! are ! lea/ regul>4 ,! drama is dom9at$1 mo/ ( all =ms ( v]se1 by ! necessity ( repres5t+ natural human spee*2 h5ce x is n ! place to look = ! fundam5tal laws ( v]se at _! pure/4 ,!re is1 !n1 a unit ( "t on :i* all v]se-rhy?ms1 l all musical rhy?ms1 are bas$2 & ?is is :at we commonly call 9 music ! measure1 & 9 v]se1 ! foot1 ,i %all recur to ?is matt] a little lat] 9 consid]+ ! t]m9ology ( ! subject2 = ! pres5t let u return to ! relations ( v]se & music4 ,bo?1 we h se51 are bas$ on ! recurr5ce ( acc5t$ s\nds at equal "t-int]vals4 ,!re is "s diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 9 ! emphasis :i* "o naturally places on ! respective p>ts ( ! /atem5t4 ,9 music we feel t ! fact ( *ief importance is t ! measures %all be equal 9 "t1 :ile ! recurr+ acc5t seems a m]e means ( m>k+ ?is equality2 b 9 v]se we feel t ! *ief fact is t ! acc5ts %all recur1 ! equality ( "t-int]vals be+ 9 a s5se a second>y s\rce ( pleasure4 ,9 music1 !re=e1 z we h se51 we treat dep>tures f regul>ity ( "t-int]vals z some:at m exceptional ?an 9 v]se4 ,b ! rhy?m w\ld suff]1 w\ld ev5 disappe>1 7 ei!r elem5t :olly remov$4 ,if we look = fur!r di/9ctions betwe5 v]se & music1 we f9d !m 9 ! sep>ate s\nds :i* g to make up ! unit-measures4 ,n only are ! measures ( music ( ma!matically equal l5g?1 b all ! s\nds be> exact "t-relations to ea* o!r3 ea* is ei!r half z long1 or twice z long1 or a qu>t] z long1 or f\r times z long1 z its neighbor4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! numb] ( sep>ate s\nds 9 ! measure con/antly v>ies2 x is suffici5t t ! total l5g? be t ( ! full measure4 ,9 v]se ^! conditions are rev]s$4 ,! sep>ate syllables1 :ile !y d\btless v>y 9 l5g?1 are n ma!matically cord9at$ z to duration by ! ord9>y read]4 ,x is almo/ z difficult to say j :at ! "t-relation ( any two adjac5t syllables is1 z to be sure t "o is /ress$ j twice z /rongly z ! o!r4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! numb] ( syllables 9 ! foot 79 good mod]n ,engli% v]se7 is tol]ably con/ant4 ,= ! sake ( complet5ess1 "o may add two o!r fundam5tal di/9ctions :i*1 ap>t f ! elem5ts ( rhy?m1 diff]5tiate v]se f music4 ,music1 ap>t f rhy?m1 *>act]i/ically dep5ds on v>iation ( pit*1 & only incid5tally 7z 9 ! case ( ! use ( diff]5t in/rum5ts 9 or*e/ration7 on v>iation ( s\nd-quality2 :]eas v]se1 ap>t f rhy?m1 *>act]i/ically dep5ds on v>iation ( s\nd-quality1--t is1 on ! diff]5t s\nds ( ! diff]5t words1--& only incid5tally on *anges ( pit*4 ,f9ally1 ! *ang+ s\nds ( music are only vaguely symbolic1 :ile ! *ang+ s\nds ( v]se are symbolic ( def9ite ideas4 ,= ! sake ( easy comp>ison we may put ^! obs]vations 9 a r\gh sort ( table3 ,,music ,,v]se ,rhy?mical ,s\nd1 i4e4 ,recurr5ce ( acc5t$ s\nds ,recurr5ce ( acc5t$ s\nds at equal "t-int]vals4 at equal "t-int]vals4 ,sep>ate s\nds ma!matically ,sep>ate s\nds n ma!matically relat$ 9 l5g?1 & con/antly relat$ 9 l5g?1 & v>y+ 9 numb] & arrangem5t4 g5]ally ) un*ang$ numb] & arrangem5t4 ,ap>t f rhy?m1 dep5d5t on ,ap>t f rhy?m1 dep5d5t on v>iation ( pit* 7incid5tally v>iation ( s\nd-quality on s\nd-quality74 7incid5tally on pit*74 ,s\nds vaguely symbolic4 ,s\nds symbolic ( def9ite ideas4 ,let u n[ consid] m closely ! "t-values ( ! sep>ate syllables ( v]se1 ask+ j :at we mean by a long or a %ort syllable 9 ,engli%4 ,x has already be5 indicat$ t ! e> recognizes no su* fix$ proportions 9 ! l5g? ( our syllables z are recogniz$ = musical notes1 or z are po/ulat$ = ! syllables ( ,greek & ,lat9 v]se4 ,x mu/ also be rememb]$ t ! t]ms long & %ort1 z commonly us$ ( ,engli% v[els1 are ( little significance = ! matt] ( real quantity4 ,!y are appli$ = hi/orical reasons1 & d n describe pres5t facts4 ,?us we call ! o 9 hotel long1 & t 9 cot %ort2 b x is fairly cle> t ! o ( cot takes r m "t1 z commonly utt]$1 ?an t ( hotel4 ,! s-call$ %ort o is1 9 fact1 a s\nd s op5 t x has lo/ ! o-quality4 ,9 ! same way :at we call long a is a %ort-e s\nd diph?ongiz$4 ,we _c be said to pres]ve 9 mod]n ,engli% any s+le v[els ) fix$ long quantity1 su* z we he> 9 ,g]man words l ,saal & ,see1--s\nds :i* obvi\sly take m "t 9 utt]ance ?an o!rs4 ,c we speak accurately1 !n1 ( long syllables & %ort syllables 9 mod]n ,engli%8 ,x may be said t we h a l>ge numb] ( g5u9e diph?ongs2 & su* d\ble s\nds1 especially :]e !y are s op5 z to require unusual ef=t on ! "p ( ! vocal organs 7l -ow1 = example71 may be assum$ to take a long] "t 9 utt]ance ?an monoph?ongs4 ,ev5 su* a s\nd z is repres5t$ by -au or -aw1 ?\gh x has b slight diph?ongal quality1 seems to s\nd long] ?an mo/ monoph?ongs4 ,b 9 none ( ^! cases does ord9>y pronunciation make ! s\nd-l5g? at all conspicu\s1 except :]e x co9cides ) /rong /ress2 & x requires a mom5t's reason+ to conv9ce "o's self t ! v[el 9 f9e is any long] ?an t 9 fan4 ,x is m ?an d\btful1 !n1 :e!r our v[el s\nds c be reg>d$ z ( significance = metrical "t4 ,a ^w l saw or n[1 occurr+ 9 su* a place 9 ! v]se z to be pass$ ov] ) ! briefe/ & lighte/ utt]ance1 w\ld be pron\nc$ ) rapidity by ! ord9>y read]1 ) no ?\ght t ! v[el-s\nd 0 too long4 ,b 9 ! e>li] languages a syllable might be long1 n only f ! pres5ce ( a long v[el1 b also f ! pres5ce ( two or m consonants foll[+ ! v[el4 ,may ?is be said to hold good = mod]n ,engli%8 ,9 g5]al1 prolong$ consonantal s\nds seem to be avoid$1 z 9 ! case ( v[els4 ,we pass ov] !m rapidly1 & h1 = in/ance1 no su* cle>ly /opp$ syllables due to d\ble consonants z are he>d 9 ,italian words l madonna4 ,yet we _c d\bt t two or ?ree consonants require m "t ?an "o1 & 9 words l /r5g?1 flu%$1 fi/s1 & ! l1 e "o w\ld f9d ! consonantal l5g? p]ceptible4 ,m ?an ?is1 two consonants (t5 s]ve to close ! prec$+ syllable1 by mak+ x impossible to run ! consonant at ! end ( x ov] into ! foll[+ syllable1 & h5ce really l5g!n x4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is ! reason :y ! fir/ syllable ( ! ,lat9 avis is said to be %ort1 b t ( alvus to be long4 ,! ,elizabe?an metri/s tri$ to apply ^! ,lat9 rules ( quantity by position to all ,engli% words2 & _m mod]n ,engli% writ]s1 :o h be5 tra9$ f *ildhood 9 ! appreciation ( ,lat9 quantities1 easily p]ceive ! diff]+ consonantal quantities ( ,engli% words4 ,^! quantities may1 !n1 c]ta9ly be said to exi/2 b 9 ord9>y ,engli% pronunciation1 & to ! ord9>y1 untra9$ ,engli% e>1 !y mu/ be /rongly m>k$ 9 ord] to attract att5tion4 ,:5 ?us /rongly m>k$1 !y d\btless play "s "p 9 ! /ructure ( v]se4 ,9 "s l9es attribut$ to ,raleigh1 ,8 desire is a dureless cont5t1 ,& a tru/less joy1 ! syllable tru/-occupies ! "t ( two syllables2 ! typical metre w\ld require some?+ l ,& a pitiless joy4 ,n[1 ! fact t tru/-is a noticeably long syllable1 especially :5 clos$ by ! foll[+ l1 makes x well fitt$ to fill ! place ( two syllables2 & we %\ld f9d ! l9e di/9ctly less pleas+ if a %ort syllable 7 !re in/ead4 ,b\ndless w\ld d z well1 because equally long2 tru/y w\ld n be q s good2 silly w\ld be v bad4 ,conv]sely1 :5 a noticeably long syllable occupies ! place ( a light syllable1 9 rapid tri-syllabic v]se1 we feel t ! v]se is injur$4 ,mr4 ,william ,l>m9ie criticises a l9e ( ,mr4 ,sw9burne's on ?is gr\nd1-- ,"t %$s !m l sn[ on /range regions2#ec ! comb9ation -ange1 ) its f9al -nj s\nd1 made /ill long] by ! foll[+ r1 & prec$$1 too1 by ! comb9ation n-/1 has too mu* quantity = ! place :]e x /&s 9 ! v]se4 ,9 ! v]se ( inf]ior writ]s _m worse cases c\ld easily be f\nd4 ,^! illu/rations1 !n1 may s]ve to %[ t :ile we d n cord9ate our consonantal syllable-l5g?s z absolute %orts & longs1 we p]ceive c]ta9 degrees ( l5g?1 & f9d ^! play+ a "p 9 our v]se4 ,s mu* = intr9sic quantity z f\nd 9 ,engli% syllables4 ,b !re is mu* m to be said = syllables made long or %ort at ! w ( ! speak]1 "u c]ta9 conditions4 ,if we address a fri5d 9 surprise1 say+1 ,:y1 ,john6 we n only ?r[ a heavy /ress on bo? ! words1 b also p]ceptibly prolong !m4 ,9 l mann]1 we realize t unimportant words1 especially proclitics 7l ! italiciz$ words 9 ! phrase ,! l& ( ! free7 are n only un/ress$1 b are hurri$ ov] 9 %ort] mom5ts ?an ! acc5t$ words4 ,examples l ?is sugge/ :at may 9 fact be express$ 9 a g5]al /atem5t1 t acc5t$ syllables are v commonly prolong$4 ,?is is n1 z we h se51 f any ess5tial connection betwe5 ! nature ( acc5t & ! nature ( quantity4 ,9 c]ta9 cases1 unacc5t$ syllables ev5 %[ a t5d5cy to l5g? beyond t ( ^? be>+ ! /ress1 z 9 words l foll[1 dy+1 & o!rs :]e ! f9al s\nd is easily prolong$4 ,! co9cid5ce ( /ress & l5g?1 !n1 is due simply to ! op]ation ( ! same cause--! grammatical or rhetorical importance ( ! syllable 9 "q4 ,?is fact1 t ! important 7/ress$7 syllables are likely to be held a little long] ?an ! o!rs1 w n w>rant u 9 repres5t+ !m z twice z long1 9 ! exact ma!matical relations ( musical notes2 b x may expla9 :y a musician l ,lani] tri$ to repres5t !m 9 su* notation4 ,x mu/ also be ! cause ( ,mr4 ,rob]tson's attempt to id5tify quantity & /ress4 ,8 /atem5t t quantity 9 fact1 9 spok5 v]se1 consi/s ( /ress & ( ! consonantal total ( syllables1 may be reg>d$ z mu* m satisfactory ?an ^? already quot$ f 8 essay4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 n q accurate4 ,/ill ano!r k9d ( relative syllable-l5g? rema9s to be consid]$1 & = metrical purposes x is probably ! mo/ important4 ,! acc5ts ( ,engli% words n only v>y 9 degree accord+ to ! diff]5t /resses :i* !y receive 9 diff]5t prose s5t5ces1 b 9 v]se !y are made artificially to v>y also s z to con=m z closely z possible to ! s*eme ( ! metre4 ,?us ! fir/ syllable ( ! ^w ov] is acc5t$ f> m /rongly :5 x occurs at ! op5+ ( a dactylic v]se1 ,ov] ! ocean wave1 ?an :5 x occurs at ! op5+ ( an anape/ic v]se1 ,ov] l&1 ov] sea4 ,?is be+ ! case ) acc5t1 :i* t5ds to be /rongly fix$ 9 ,engli% words1 we might naturally expect t x w\ld be /ill m cle>ly ! case ) ! elem5t ( "t2 & s x is4 ,syllables w be l5g!n$ & %ort5$ by ! read] 9 ord] to pres]ve z ne>ly z possible ! fundam5tal equal "t-int]vals betwe5 ! pr9cipal acc5ts4 ,?is is mo/ easily recogniz$1 & mo/ commonly practis$1 9 ! case :]e syllables are %ort5$ because !re are m ( !m ?an ! normal s*eme ( ! v]se w\ld imply4 ,! old tumbl+ v]se ( our ance/ors dep5d$ on ?is pr9ciple1 & s did ! revival ( x 9 ,col]idge's ,*ri/abel4 ,= example3 ,a little door %e op5$ /raight1 ,all 9 ! middle ( ! gate1 ,! gate t 0 iron$ )9 & )\t1 ,:]e an army 9 battle array _h m>*$ out4 ,"h ! rhy?m ( ! la/ v]se is br\ght into ! f\r-beat measure ( ! fir/ v]se1 by pass+ lightly & rapidly ov] all syllables save ! f\r t m>k ! metre4 ,9 prose1 ! ^w m>*$ w\ld be /ress$ q z mu* z ! ^w out1 b !re is no difficulty 9 r$uc+ ! /ress 9 read+ ! v]se4#ed ,x _c be said1 h[ev]1 t !re is no difficulty 9 r$uc+ its l5g?1 = ! f9al consonant comb9ation -*t takes up consid]able "t1 & ! :ole ^w foll[s a syllable 7_h7 :i* has be5 clos$ & s l5g!n$ by ! d m4 ,s5sitive read]s w\ld probably agree1 !re=e1 t ! quantity 9 ?is v]se is too mu* = ! smoo?ness ( ! rhy?m4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! long syllable iron$ helps u to fill ! place ( ! light syllable :i* is miss+ aft] x1 & we f9d ! rhy?m easi] ?an x w\ld be 9 ?is =m3 ,! gate t 0 iron$ bo? )9 & )\t4 ,once m1 = ! sake ( conv5i5ce1 let u attempt to put our conclusions into ! =m ( a summ>y4 ,an ,engli% syllable may be said to be long1 n absolutely b relatively1 f3 #a4 ,! naturally long "* ( its v[el-s\nd1 due ei!r to op5 quality or diph?ongization4 #b4 ,! pres5ce ( two or m consonants :i* require a p]ceptible "t = utt]ance4 #c4 ,prolongation by ! speak] 7a7 because ( ! importance ( ! syllable1 or 7b7 because ( ! "t :i* x ought to occupy 9 ! s*eme ( ! v]se4 ,! artificial l5g!n+ & %ort5+ ( syllables1 !n1 is con/antly & naturally practis$ 9 ! read+ ( v]se :i* has a /rong lyrical sw+ su* z guides ! read] into a s5se ( its /ructure4 ,9 v]se m subtle & less lyrical 9 "* ! "t-int]vals are n s /rongly m>k$1 & by ! e> n tra9$ to li/5 = rhy?m !y are n s easily obs]v$4 ,! five-/ress iambic l9e1 especially :5 unrim$1 has develop$ f> m fre$om & subtlety 9 ,engli% poetry ?an any o!r measure1 & x is to ?is t "o f9ds ^! writ]s inv>iably turn+ :o wi% to prove t our v]se is n bas$ on regul> "t-int]vals4 ,a v]se l ?is3 ,! lone c\* ( 8 ev]la/+ sleep1 if read z an ord9>y prose phrase1 has no obvi\s metrical "*4 ,! second foot 7c\* (7 inv]ts ! normal ord] ( acc5t & no-acc5t1 & 9 common spee* ! second & ?ird syllables w\ld be long & foll[$ by a phrase-pause1 :ile ! f\r? & fif? syllables w\ld be made v %ort & jo9t$ closely to :at foll[s4 ,!re is no rhy?m 9 su* a gr\p ( words4 ,b :5 we "k t !y are "p ( a poem 9 five-/ress v]se1 we c readju/ !m s z to approa* m closely to ! rhy?mical s*eme 9 our m9ds4 ,we _c acc5t ei!r ( or 81 )\t de/roy+ ! s5se2 nor c we deprive ei!r lone or c\* ( its acc5t2 b we c l5g!n ! words ( 8 beyond _! natural "t 9 spee*1 pron\nc+ !m m delib]ately1 & we c also1 p]haps1 dim9i% ! phrase-pause aft] c\*4 ,?is w\ld t5d to equalize ! five "t-int]vals to :i* ! v]se1 z a v]se1 %\ld fit itself4 ,x w\ld be too mu* to say t ?is is :at ! ord9>y read] w\ld d1 because ! ord9>y read] is likely to h 8 m9d fix$ on express+ ! s5se1 neglect+ ! rhy?m :i* is equally an elem5t ( ! poetry2 b x is :at ! c>eful read] c\ld d )\t difficulty4 ,! fir/ l9e ( ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,( man's fir/ disob$i5ce1 & ! fruit1 always a favorite specim5 = metri/s to dissect1 is ( l "*4 ,mr4 ,rob]tson1 9 ! essay already cit$1 makes consid]able use ( ?is v]se z %[+ ! vanity ( ! usual me?od ( divid+ v]ses into equal feet4 ,he quotes approv+ly ,pr(essor ,%airp's acc\nt ( ! way 9 :i* ,cl\gh analyz$ ! l9e3 ,! two feet 'fir/ disobe-' took up ! "t ( f\r syllables1 two iambic feet3 ! voice re/$ a:ile on ! ^w 'fir/'2 !n pass$ swiftly ov] 'diso-1' !n re/$ aga9 on 'be-' s z to recov] ! previ\s hurry4 ,n[ ?is seems to be m]ely a description ( ! way 9 :i* ! words w\ld be utt]$ 9 prose1 & to neglect ! rhy?m ( ! poem 9 :i* !y /&4 ,9 ! second foot "o c & %\ld give ! syllable dis- full syllabic "t1 in/ead ( hurry+ ov] x z 9 prose spee*1--a r5d]+ made easy by ! fact t x frequ5tly has a m>k$ second>y acc5t4 ,conv]sely1 "o c give fir/ some:at less "t ?an x w\ld occupy 9 prose1 )\t !reby dim9i%+ its acc5t4 ,! ^w &1 9 ! f\r? foot1 w\ld 9 prose utt]ance be all[$ almo/ no "t-value2 & x may be treat$ 9 ! same way 9 ! v]se1 by p]mitt+ ! pause at ! comma to fill up ! normal "t ( ! foot4 ,x w\ld seem to be bett]1 h[ev]1 to give & a fairly di/9ct utt]ance = metrical purposes 7)\t1 ( c\rse1 add+ any /ress71 & ?us to approa* m closely to ! s*eme ( "t-int]vals4 ,x is highly improbable t any "o w\ld read ?is v]se--or almo/ any o!r v]se ( ,p>adise ,lo/--) su* exact obs]vance ( ! equal "t-int]vals z w\ld appe> 9 regul> lyrical poetry4 ,we h already se5 t blank v]se dep>ts m con/antly f ! typical s*eme ( ! measure ?an any o!r ( our v]se-=ms4 ,nev]!less1 ! read] ) a well-tra9$ e> li/5s always = ! fl[ ( ! typical metre und]nea? ! surface irregul>ities1 &1 by a delicate adju/m5t ( syllable-l5g?s1 c br+ ! poet's words into f> m rhy?mical utt]ance ?an !y w\ld f9d 9 prose4 ,!re is "o o!r me?od ( v>y+ ! "t-elem5ts 9 v]se :i* has already be5 sugge/$ by :at 0 said ( ! pause at ! comma 9 ! l9e ( ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,x w be se5 v g5]ally t light syllables1 su* z "o wi%es to utt] 9 brief p]iods ( "t1 are f\nd on ei!r side ( ! phrase-pauses 9 our v]se4 ,! fir/ 9 valor1 z ! fir/ 9 place is a typical l9e 9 ?is respect4 ,! natural pause1 indicat$ by ! comma1 takes up "p ( ! "t ( ! ?ird foot1 :i* !re are no syllables fitt$ :olly to fill4 ,x might almo/ be said t1 9 ord9>y five-/ress v]se1 su* v]ses are q z num]\s z ^? ) five complete feet4 ,! pause satisfies ! e>1 s f> z ! "t-int]vals are conc]n$1 q z well z a long syllable4 ,pauses n only fill up ! incomplete "t ( a foot conta9+ only %ort syllables1 b !y also fill ! "t ( :olly miss+ syllables4 ,9 ! v]se ,come f ! dy+ moon1 & bl[ we />t out ) trisyllabic rhy?m1 b h only two syllables 9 ! second & 9 ! ?ird foot4 ,x does n seem c]ta9 :e!r ! miss+ syllable aft] dy+ is to h its place fill$ by a pause or by a prolongation ( ei!r or bo? ( ! syllables dy-+--p]haps by all ?ree means comb9$4 ,9 ! same way ! miss+ syllable aft] moon may h its place fill$ ei!r by ! prolongation ( ! oo1 or by ! pause indicat$ by ! comma1 or by bo?4 ,b 9 o!r cases ! pause occupies ! entire syllable-mom5t2 = examples1 see "u ,pauses 9 pages #bj-bb above4 ,! :ole matt] 0 well summ$ up 9 ,lani]'s say+ t rhy?m may be dep5d5t on sil5ces z well z on s\nds4 ,let u n[ try to ga!r :at we h be5 consid]+ into ! =m ( def9ite /atem5ts reg>d+ ! place ( ! "t-elem5t 9 our v]se4 #a4 ,9 ! normal v]se1 acc5ts appe> at equal "t-int]vals4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 does n preclude all mann] ( v>iations2 ! unit ( measure is n ! di/ance betwe5 ! acc5ts z !y are f\nd 9 ea* v]se1 b betwe5 ! po9ts :]e !y belong 9 ! typical metre4 #b4 ,!re is a t5d5cy t[>d ! co9cid5ce ( long & acc5t$1 & ( %ort & unacc5t$1 syllables4 ,?is we h se5 to be true 9 two diff]5t s5ses4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 an acc5t$ syllable is likely to be l5g!n$ = ! same reason t x is acc5t$--because ( its relative importance 9 ! place :]e x /&s4 ,9 ! second place1 syllables noticeably long are avoid$ 9 ^? places 9 ! v]se :]e ! acc5t does n fall1 & are pref]r$ :]e ! /ress is heavy4 #c4 ,9 ! read+ ( v]se1 ! l5g? ( ! syllables is v>i$ artificially1 s z to t5d to pres]ve ! equal "t-int]vals4 #d4 ,9 l mann]1 pauses are introduc$ :]e syllables are %ort or want+1 to pres]ve ^! int]vals4 ,x is q possible t ^! laws might be /at$ m fully & def9itely4 ,9 ,anglo-,saxon v]se ! conditions 7 p]haps n s diff]5t f ^? ( mod]n ,engli% z we are likely to ?9k2 !re we "k t ! pr9cipal /resses ( ! v]se always fell on long syllables1 & s*ol>s l ,siev]s1 by analyz+ ! rema9s ( our e>ly poetry1 h =mulat$ c]ta9 o!r laws z to ! position & relations ( ! %ort syllables4 ,if simil> laws 7 to be =mulat$ = our mod]n v]se1 we %\ld probably f9d !m no m p]plex+ ?an our ance/ors w\ld f9d ^? we h =mulat$ = _! v]se4 ,9 e case ! law is only an attempt to express :at ! e> has long kn[n & obey$4 ,mr4 ,goodell1 9 an article on ,quantity 9 ,engli% ,v]se1 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,philological ,society = #ahhe1 attempt$ to d = our v]se :at has j be5 sugge/$4 ,he /at$ su* laws z ^!3 ,! !sis becomes a triseme if ! next syllable be>s ! ictus4 ,no syllable c be plac$ 9 ?is position :i* is incapable ( prolongation4 ,if ! arsis is monosyllabic1 a %ort v[el 9 ! !sis foll[$ by a s+le consonant is n l5g!n$ by ! ictus2 ! arsis is in/ead prolong$4 ,) arsis monosyllabic1 ! /rong t5d5cy is to make ! !sis %ort4 ,p]haps ^! rules are on ! "r track2 ! t]m9ology is some:at difficult1 & makes "o hesitate to criticise c>efully4 ,b s9ce1 z we h se51 ! t]ms long & %ort1 z appli$ to ,engli% syllables1 h come to be s purely relative1 s9ce our syllabic quantities v>y s mu* at ! w ( ! read]1 & s9ce ! :ole matt] ( ! read+ ( our v]se is 9 good measure "o ( subjective int]pretation1 x seems v d\btful :e!r any /atem5ts m explicit ?an ^? already laid d[n w\ld be f\nd ( practical s]vice4 ,f9ally1 we come back to ! "q :e!r we %all use = ,engli% v]se ! classical t]m9ology :i* has = s long be5 appli$ to x4 ,^? :o object to su* t]m9ology d s ei!r on ! gr\nd t x implies t ,engli% acc5t$ & unacc5t$ syllables are equival5t respectively to ,lat9 long & %ort syllables1 or on ! /ill m fundam5tal gr\nd t !re is no?+ 9 our v]se :i* c prop]ly be call$ a foot4 ,x is und\bt$ly true t ! use ( t]ms bas$ on quantity has giv5 rise to "s confusion :5 appli$ to ph5om5a bas$ on acc5t1 yet ! t]ms are n[ und]/ood ) z fair a degree ( cle>ness z any t]ms relat+ to s disput$ a subject z ,engli% v]se2 & x seems v d\btful :e!r x is n easi] to expla9 !m ?an to introduce new ones4 ,exp]im5ts 9 ! latt] direction h n be5 v successful4 ,! late/ writ] on ! subject objects1 ) consid]able sev]ity1 to ! classical nom5clature h>dly press$ & b>b>\sly misappli$4 ,our curr5t prosody1 he says lat]1 ignores ! frequ5t occurr5ce ( an acc5t$ syllable at ! beg9n+ ( a l9e ( ,%aksp]e's v]se1 turn+ x (f ) ! /atem5t t 'a tro*aic foot may beg9 an iambic v]se4' ,yet :5 we rea* ! summ>y ( ! au?or's discussion ( ! subject1 we f9d ! same ph5om5on turn$ (f ) ?is /atem5t3 ,9 ris+ rhy?m a ?\ght-mom5t may beg9 ) a fall+ wave-gr\p4 ,"o _c avoid qu]y+ :e!r ?is int]e/+ comb9ation ( words conveys any simpl] & bett] idea to ! normal ,engli% read] ?an ! famili> /atem5t t a tro*aic foot may beg9 an iambic v]se4 ,! case is in/ructive z to ! dang] ( attempt+ a new t]m9ology :]e "o is already e/abli%$1 & ( imag9+ t "o has !reby made ! discussion ( ! subject m sci5tific4 ,! second ( ! objections to ! usual t]m9ology1 t !re is no real foot 9 ,engli% v]se1 has already be5 consid]$4 ,if !re are no regul> units ( measure 9 our v]se1 !n to attempt con/antly to f9d su* units1 & to use t]ms t imply _! exi/5ce1 is c]ta9ly a mi/ake4 ,b ^? are on ! wrong track :o w\ld f9d ! divisions ( ! v]se 9 ! natural phrase-divisions ( ,engli% spee*4#ee ,9 arma virumque cano ! syllable vi- is f> m closely connect$ ) ! syllable -rum1 = all prose purposes1 ?an ) ! prec$+ syllables2 b 9 ! v]se ! ,romans ?\ght ( x z be+ 9 ! same foot ) arma2 & lat] 9 ! v]se ! la/ syllable ( cano is rhy?mically connect$ 7ov] ! b>ri] ( a comma7 ) ! fir/ ( ,troj4 ,inde$1 ! ,lat9 poets in/9ctively avoid$ ! regul> co9cid5ce ( metrical units ) ^w or s5t5ce units4 ,precisely ! same ?+ is true ( ,engli% v]se4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ m ?an once t ! great prepond]ance1 among ,engli% dissyllables1 ( ^? acc5t$ on ! fir/ syllable1 goes to expla9 our pref]5ce = iambic ov] tro*aic measures2 & t "o reason :y ! rhy?m ( ,hiawa?a1 = example1 s soon we>ies ! e>1 is because its metrical divisions & ^w divisions s frequ5tly co9cide4 ,! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( v]se is t x sets up a new ord] ( progress :i* con/antly conflicts )1 yet )\t de/roy+1 ! ord] ( progress ( common prose spee*4 ,s ! foot means1 n a unit ( measure = ! words1 b = ! syllables view$ z rhy?mical s\nd2 & ! attempt has already be5 made to %[ t x repres5ts ! "t-int]val betwe5 ! regul>ly recurr+ acc5ts ( ! normal metre4 ,:5 !re are two syllables 9 ! int]val1 x is conv5i5t to call ! foot an iambus1 a tro*ee1 a pyrrhic1 or a spondee2 :5 !re are ?ree1 x is conv5i5t to call ! foot an anape/ or a dactyl4 ,accord+ to ?is sy/em1 ! numb] ( feet 9 ! metre w always dep5d on ! numb] ( regul>ly recurr+ acc5ts1 :i* ( c\rse is n ! case 9 classical prosody4 ,= ! same reason1 all exceptional feet c be nam$ by "o ( ! six t]ms indicat$1 except :]e 7z 9 ,sw9burne's ,*oriambics7 "s classical metre is delib]ately imitat$4 ,!re is no suffici5t reason = speak+ ( ! *oriambus z occurr+ 9 ,%aksp]e's v]se1 because :]e f\r syllables occur 9 su* succession z to =m a sort ( *oriambus1 !y w be f\nd to fill ! place ( two ord9>y feet1 n ( "o2 h5ce x w\ld be irrational to comb9e !m into "o exceptional foot4 ,b on ?is matt] ( conv5i5ce 9 ! t]m9ology ( v]se1 "o _c d bett] ?an to ref] ! read] to ,mr4 ,mayor's ,*apt]s on ,engli% ,metre1 :]e a refre%+ly simple sy/em is set =?1 su* z w n break d[n "u any reasonable te/4 ,!re is "o defect1 x may be freely admitt$1 9 ^! classical names ( feet4 ,!y provide no place = ! second>y acc5t4 ,a foot made up ( a fully acc5t$ plus a slightly acc5t$ syllable mu/ be call$ ei!r a spondee 7! second syllable be+ ?\ght ( z approa*+ ! /ress ( ! fir/7 or a tro*ee 7! syllable be+ ?\ght ( z approa*+ no /ress74 ,! abundant use ( second>y or compromis$ acc5ts--& "o might say1 too1 ( second>y or compromis$ quantities--is a ,g]manic *>act]i/ic1 = :i* no classical t]m9ology c provide4 ,!re is1 !oretically1 room = "s new names ( feet recogniz+ ^! ambigu\s syllables4 ,yet s9ce degrees ( acc5t are purely relative1 & no two read]s w\ld be sure ( agree+ z to :i* syllables are fully /ress$1 & :i* are half-/ress$1 x is n likely t su* additional t]ms w\ld make our t]m9ology any m exact = practical purposes4 ,! pres5t sy/em does1 9 fact1 repres5t a *>act]i/ic feature ( mod]n ,engli% z di/+ui%$ f e>ly ,engli% v]se2 namely1 t our metres /rive aft] a regul> alt]nation ( /ress & no-/ress1 & t ! e> imag9es ?is alt]nation ev5 :]e 7if x 7 a matt] ( prose utt]ance7 x c sc>cely be said to exi/4 ,x w\ld be absurd to /rive ) any w>m? = ! classical sy/em ( t]m9ology 9 ,engli% prosody4 ,x is und\bt$ly n an ideal sy/em1 nor su* a "o z we %\ld adopt if we 7 nam+ ev]y?+ anew2 few exi/+ t]m9ologies are4 ,! only object ( ! pres5t def5ce ( its c>efully limit$ use is to %[ t x does /& = "s fundam5tal facts 9 our v]se1 & to sugge/ t x is usually wis] to make ! be/ ( ! vocabul>y we h ?an to fly to "o we "k n (4 ,! important ?+1 9 any case1 is n ! "q ( t]ms1 b ! end t we %\ld n lose hold ( ! musical rhy?ms ( our v]se1 made up ( delicately adju/$ elem5ts ( acc5t & "t4 ,,footnotes3 #di ,?is discussion is 9 "p a reproduction ( an article ) ! same title orig9ally publi%$ 9 ,mod]n ,language ,notes1 ,decemb]1 #ahii4 #ej ,sci5ce ( ,engli% ,v]se1 p4 #fe4 #ea ,on ! nature ( our s5se ( rhy?m1 see ,mr4 ,t4 ,l4 ,bolton's acc\nt ( 8 exp]im5ts relat+ to ! subject1 giv5 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,psy*ology1 vol4 vi1 p4 #ade4 ,he rea*es ! conclusion t1 9 ord] to awak5 ! s5se ( rhy?m1 x is necess>y t ! acc5ts 9 a l9e %all recur at regul> int]vals4 #eb ,simil>ly1 s di/+ui%$ a s*ol> z ,pr(essor ,skeat has lately oppos$ ! scansion ( ,engli% v]se by feet1 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,philological ,society = #ahig-ahih4 ,= an ample exam9ation ( 8 views ! read] mu/ be ref]r$ to ! new edition ( ,mr4 ,mayor's ,*apt]s on ,engli% ,metre1 *ap4 vii4 #ec ,see ,mr4 ,l>m9ie's article on ,! ,developm5t ( ,engli% ,metres 9 ! ,contempor>y ,review = ,novemb]1 #ahid4 ,9 ?is article !re is "o ( ! cle>e/ /atem5ts ( ! place ( quantity 9 our v]se t "o c easily f9d4 ,mr4 ,l>m9ie seems dispos$1 h[ev]1 to place too mu* /ress on ! elem5t ( fix$ or natural quantity1 & sometimes to use ! t]ms long & %ort ) m]ely traditional mean+s4 ,! mo/ *>act]i/ic feature ( 8 discussion is1 t he e/abli%es c]ta9 pr9ciples ( quantity1 & judges ! poets by _! con=mity to ^! pr9ciples4 ,! inductive me?od is less pret5ti\s & p]haps saf]3 to inquire :at ! poets d1 & h[ 9 ! read+ ( _! v]se we may pres]ve ! rhy?m :i* !y und\bt$ly _h 9 m9d4 ,bo? me?ods are legitimate4 ,"o w lay d[n rules = ! poet1 ano!r = ! read]2 & !re is p]haps z mu* *ance ( "o be+ foll[$ z ( ! o!r4 #ed ,at lea/ no difficulty has g5]ally be5 f\nd2 b ,mr4 ,liddell m>ks ! ^w z "o :i* mu/ be /ress$ f its grammatical importance4 ,he ev5 f9ds ,col]idge untrue to ! metre 9 putt+ :]e 9 an un/ress$ place 9 ! v]se1 on ! gr\nd t x means ?r\gh :i*4 ,x w\ld p]haps be safe to guess t no unsophi/icat$ ,engli% read] has ev] f\nd difficulty 9 ! acc5ts ( ! l9e 9 "q4 ,! matt] is wor?y ( rem>k z illu/rat+ ! t5d5cy ( "o class ( read]s to emphasize s5se-read+ at ! exp5se ( rhy?m4 ,on ! o!r h&1 = an illu/ration ( ! opposite extreme see ,pr(essor ,bright's article on ,grammatical ,ictus 9 ,engli% ,v]se1 9 ! ,furnivall ,miscellany 7#aija71 :]e we are told1 9 effect1 t ! metrical acc5t mu/ always triumph ov] ! s5se-acc5t4 ,z usual1 ! tru? seems to lie some:]e betwe5 ! extremes4 #ee ,?is seems to be a "p ( ! old ef=t to seek a grammatical r ?an a musical orig9 = metre4 ,on ?is subject ! read] %\ld see ! brilliant discussion ( ,pr(essor ,gumm]e 9 ,! ,beg9n+s ( ,poetry1 f :i* a few p>agraphs are quot$ 9 ,"p ,f\r4 ,,"p ,,f\r ,,! ,,place ,,& ,,function ,,( ,,! ,,metrical ,,elem5t ,,9 ,,poetry ,! foll[+ extracts f important critical discussions are select$ ) ref]5ce to _! be>+ on two que/ions3 ,is metre an ess5tial or only an incid5tal elem5t ( poetry8 &1 ,:at are its functions 9 ! total cont5t & effect ( poetry8 ,! /ud5t ( ! subject w d well to analyze ! answ]s to ! second "q1 det]m9+ "u h[ _m aspects ( ! metrical elem5t !y c be gr\p$4 ,poetry 9 g5]al seems to h sprung f two causes1 ea* ( !m ly+ deep 9 our nature4 ,fir/1 ! in/9ct ( imitation is implant$ 9 man f *ildhood4444 ,next1 !re is ! in/9ct = h>mony & rhy?m1 metres be+ manife/ly sections ( rhy?m4 ,p]sons1 !re=e1 />t+ ) ?is natural gift develop$ by degrees _! special aptitudes1 till _! rude improvisations gave bir? to ,poetry4 7,,ari/otle3 ,poetics1 iv4 ,but*]'s translation1 pp4 #ae1 #ag47 ,poetry1 music1 & danc+ con/itute 9 ,ari/otle a gr\p by !mselves1 _! common elem5t be+ imitation by means ( rhy?m--rhy?m :i* admits ( be+ appli$ to words1 s\nds1 & ! movem5ts ( ! body4 ,! hi/ory ( ^! arts be>s out ! views we f9d express$ 9 ,greek writ]s ^u ! !ory ( music2 x is a witness to ! primitive unity ( music & poetry1 & to ! close alliance ( ! two ) danc+4444 ,! intimate fusion ( ! ?ree arts aft]w>d kn[n z ! musical arts--or r we %\ld p]haps say1 ! alliance ( music & danc+ "u ! supremacy ( poetry--0 exhibit$ ev5 9 ! p]son ( ! arti/4 ,! (fice ( ! poet z tea*] ( ! *orus dem&$ a practical k ( all t pass$ "u ! t]m danc+1 includ+ /eps1 ge/ures1 attitudes1 & ! v>i$ res\rces ( rhy?mical movem5t4444 ,! poet1 lyric or dramatic1 compos$ ! accompanim5t z well z wrote ! v]ses2 & x 0 made a reproa* aga9/ ,euripides1 :o 0 ! fir/ to deviate f ! e/abli%$ usage1 t he s\ght ! aid ( ,iophon1 son ( ,sophocles1 9 ! musical sett+ ( 8 dramas4 ,! v ^w poet 9 classical times (t5 implies ! tw(old "* ( poet & musician1 & 9 lat] writ]s is sometimes us$1 l our compos]1 9 a /rictly limit$ ref]5ce to music4 ,ari/otle does full ju/ice to ! =ce ( rhy?mic =m & movem5t 9 ! arts ( music & danc+4 ,! in/9ctive love ( melody & rhy?m is1 aga91 "o ( ! two causes to :i* he traces ! orig9 ( poetry1 b he lays little /ress on ?is elem5t 9 e/imat+ ! f9i%$ products ( ! poetic art4 ,9 ! ,rhetoric he obs]ves t if a s5t5ce has metre x w be poetry2 b ?is is said 9 a popul> way4 ,x 0 d\btless ! receiv$ op9ion1 b x is "o :i* he twice combats 9 ! ,poetics1 insi/+ t x is n metrical =m t makes a poem4444 ,! g5]al "q :e!r metre is necess>y = poetical expression has be5 rais$ by _m mod]n critics & poets1 & has sometimes be5 answ]$ 9 ! negative1 z by ,sidney1 ,%elley1 ,wordswor?4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 wor? obs]v+ t f ,ari/otle's po9t ( view1 :i* 0 ma9ly "o ( obs]vation1 ! "q to be det]m9$ 0 r z to ! vehicle or m$ium ( lit]>y mimesis2 & s f> z ! mimesis doctr9e is conc]n$1 x is und5iable t "s k9ds ( imag9ative subject-matt] are bett] express$ 9 prose1 "s 9 v]se1 & t ,ari/otle1 :o _h be=e him exp]im5tal examples ( writ+s poetic 9 _s1 b n metrical 9 =m1 _h suffici5t gr\nds = advocat+ an ext5sion ( mean+ = ! t]m poietes4 ,b z reg>ds ! ,art ( ,poetry1 8 reason+ does n lead u to conclude t he w\ld h reckon$ ! au?ors ( prose dialogues or romances among poets /rictly s call$4 ,z ,mr4 ,c\r?ope truly says1 he does n attempt to prove t metre is n a necess>y accompanim5t ( ! high] conceptions ( poetry1 & he1 !re=e1 _c be rang$ ) ^? :o support t extreme op9ion4 ,/ill !re w\ld appe> to be "s want ( firmness 9 ! position he takes up z to ! place & importance ( metre4 ,9 8 def9ition ( trag$y 7*ap4 vi4 #b7 embelli%$ language is includ$ among ! con/itu5t elem5ts ( trag$y2 & ! phrase is !n expla9$ to mean language t has ! tw(old *>m ( metre 7:i* is a bran* ( rhy?m7 & ( melody4 ,b ^! elem5ts are plac$ 9 a subord9ate rank & are h>dly treat$ z ess5tials4 ,!y are 9 ?is respect n unlike sc5]y or spectacul> effect1 :i*1 ?\gh d$uc$ by ,ari/otle f ! def9ition1 is n explicitly m5tion$ 9 x4 ,! ess5ce ( ! poetry is ! imitation2 ! melody & ! v]se are ! season+ ( ! language4444 ,ari/otle1 highly z he rates ! /hetic capacity ( ! s5se ( he>+ 9 8 treatm5t ( music1 says no?+ to %[ t he values at its prop] wor? ! p[] ( rhy?mical s\nd z factor 9 poetry2 & ?is is ! m /rik+ 9 a ,greek1 ^: enjoym5t ( poetry came ?r\gh ! e> r ?an ! eye1 & = :om poetry 0 s l>gely associat$ ) music4 ,aft] all1 !re c h>dly be a great] diff]5ce betwe5 two ways ( say+ ! same ?+ ?an t "o is said 9 v]se1 ! o!r 9 prose4 ,!re are "s lyrics :i* h liv$ & w always live by _! musical *>m1 & by a /range magic t lies 9 ! sett+ ( ! words4 ,we ne$ n agree ) a c]ta9 mod]n s*ool :o w\ld empty all poetry ( poetical ?\ght & e!realize x till x melts into a /ra9 ( music2 :o s+ to u we h>dly "k ( :at1 b 9 su* a way t ! e*oes ( ! real _w1 its m5 & wom51 its actual /ir & conflict1 are fa9t & h>dly to be disc]n$4 ,! poetry1 we are told1 resides n 9 ! ideas convey$1 n 9 ! bl5d+ ( s\l & s5se1 b 9 ! s\nd itself1 9 ! cad5ce ( ! v]se4 ,yet1 false z ?is view may be1 x is n p]haps m false ?an t o!r :i* :olly ignores ! effect ( musical s\nd & looks only to ! ?\ght t is convey$4 ,ari/otle comes p]il\sly ne> ?is doctr9e4 7,s4 ,h4 ,,but*]3 ,ari/otle's ,!ory ( ,poetry & ,f9e ,art4 pp4 #ach-adg47 ,x is n rim+ & v]s+ t make? a poet1 no m ?an a long g[n make? an advocate2 :o1 ?\gh he plead$ 9 armor1 %\ld be an advocate & no soldi]4 ,b x is t feign+ notable images ( virtues1 vices1 or :at else1 ) t delightful tea*+ :i* mu/ be ! "r describ+ note to "k a poet by2 al?\gh1 inde$1 ! s5ate ( poets ha? *os5 v]se z _! fitte/ raim5t1 mean+1 z 9 matt] !y pass$ all 9 all1 s 9 mann] to g beyond !m3 n speak+ 7table-talk fa%ion1 or l m5 9 a dream7 words z !y *anceably fell f ! m\?1 b poyz+ ea* syllable ( ea* ^w by j proportion accord+ to ! dignity ( ! subject4444 ,x is already said 7& z ,i ?9k1 truly said7 x is n rim+ & v]s+ t make? poesy4444 ,b yet1 presuppose x 7 insep>able 7z1 inde$1 x seeme? ,scalig] judge?7 truly x 7 an insep>able comm5dation4 ,= if oratio next to ratio1 spee* next to reason1 be ! greate/ gift be/[$ ^u mortality1 t _c be praiseless1 :i* do? mo/ poli% t bless+ ( spee*1 :i* consid]s ea* ^w1 n only 7z a man may say7 by 8 =cible quality1 b by 8 measur$ quantity1 c>ry+ ev5 9 !mselves a h>mony1 )\t 7p]*ance7 numb]1 measure1 ord]1 proportion1 be 9 our "t gr[n odi\s4 ,b lay aside ! j praise x ha?1 by be+ ! only fit spee* = music 7music1 ,i say1 ! mo/ div9e /rik] ( ! s5ses72 ?us mu* is und\bt$ly true1 t if read+ be fooli%1 )\t rememb]+1 memory be+ ! only treasur] ( k1 ^? words :i* are fitte/ = memory are likewise mo/ conv5i5t = k4 ,n[1 t v]se f> exce$e? prose 9 ! knitt+ up ( ! memory1 ! reason is manife/4 ,! words 7besides _! delight1 :i* ha? a great aff9ity to memory71 be+ s set1 z "o ^w _c be lo/1 b ! :ole "w fails1 :i* accuse? itself1 calle? ! remembrance back to itself1 & s mo/ /rongly confirme? x4 ,besides1 "o ^w s z x 7 begett+ ano!r1 z be x 9 rime or measur$ v]se1 by ! =m] a man %all h a ne> guess to ! foll[]4444 ,s t1 v]se be+ 9 itself sweet & ord]ly1 & be+ be/ = memory1 ! only h&le ( k1 x mu/ be 9 je/ t any man c speak aga9/ x4 7,,sir ,,philip ,,sidney3 ,an ,apologie = ,poetrie47 ,v]sification1 or ! art ( modulat+ 8 numb]s1 is indisp5sably necess>y to a poet4 ,e o!r p[] by :i* ! und]/&+ is enlight5$1 or ! imag9ation en*ant$1 may be ex]cis$ 9 prose4 ,b ! poet has ?is peculi> sup]iority1 t to all ! p[]s :i* ! p]fection ( e o!r composition c require1 he adds ! faculty ( jo9+ music ) reason1 & ( act+ at once ^u ! s5ses & ! passions4 ,i suppose !re are few :o d n feel !mselves t\*$ by poetical melody1 & :o w n confess t !y are m or less mov$ by ! same ?\ghts1 z !y are convey$ by diff]5t s\nds1 & m affect$ by ! same words 9 "o ord] ?an ano!r4 ,! p]ception ( h>mony is1 inde$1 conf]r$ ^u m5 9 degrees v unequal2 b !re are none :o d n p]ceive x1 or to :om a regul> s]ies ( proportionate s\nds _c give delight4 7,,samuel ,,johnson3 ,! ,rambl]1 ,no4 #hf47 ,v>i\s causes might be po9t$ out :y1 :5 ! /yle is manly1 & ! subject ( "s importance1 words metrically arrang$ w long cont9ue to imp>t su* a pleasure to mank9d z he :o proves ! ext5t ( t pleasure w be desir\s to imp>t4 ,! end ( poetry is to produce excitem5t 9 coexi/5ce ) an ov]balance ( pleasure2 b1 by ! supposition1 excitem5t is an unusual & irregul> /ate ( ! m9d2 ideas & feel+s d n1 9 t /ate1 succe$ ea* o!r 9 accu/om$ ord]4444 ,n[ ! co-pres5ce ( some?+ regul>1 some?+ to :i* ! m9d has be5 accu/om$ 9 v>i\s moods & 9 a less excit$ /ate1 _c b h great efficacy 9 temp]+ & re/ra9+ ! passion by an int]texture ( ord9>y feel+1 & ( feel+ n /rictly & necess>ily connect$ ) ! passion4 ,?is is unque/ionably true2 & h5ce1 ?\gh ! op9ion w at fir/ appe> p>adoxical1 f ! t5d5cy ( metre to dive/ language1 9 a c]ta9 degree1 ( its reality1 & ?us to ?r[ a sort ( half-consci\sness ( unsub/antial exi/5ce ov] ! :ole composition1 !re c be little d\bt b t m pa!tic situations & s5tim5ts--t is1 ^? :i* h a great] proportion ( pa9 connect$ ) !m--may be endur$ 9 metrical composition1 especially 9 rime1 ?an 9 prose4444 ,?is op9ion may be fur!r illu/rat$ by appeal+ to ! read]'s own exp]i5ce ( ! reluctance ) :i* he comes to ! rep]usal ( ! di/ressful p>ts ( ,cl>issa ,h>l[e1 or ! ,game/]2 :ile ,%aksp]e's writ+s1 9 ! mo/ pa!tic sc5es1 nev] act ^u u z pa!tic beyond ! b\nds ( pleasure--an effect :i*1 9 a mu* great] degree ?an might at fir/ be imag9$1 is to be ascrib$ to small1 b cont9ual & regul> impulses ( pleasurable surprise f ! metrical arrangem5t4#ef ,on ! o!r h& 7:at x mu/ be all[$ w mu* m frequ5tly happ571 if ! poet's words %\ld be incomm5surate ) ! passion1 & inadequate to raise ! read] to a height ( desirable excitem5t1 !n 7unless ! poet's *oice ( 8 metre has be5 grossly injudici\s71 9 ! feel+s ( pleasure :i* ! read] has be5 accu/om$ to connect ) metre 9 g5]al1 & 9 ! feel+1 :e!r *e]ful or melan*oly1 :i* he has be5 accu/om$ to connect ) t p>ticul> movem5t ( metre1 !re w be f\nd some?+ :i* w greatly contribute to imp>t passion to ! words1 & to effect ! complex end :i* ! poet proposes to himself4 ,if ,i _h und]tak5 a sy/ematic def5ce ( ! !ory "h ma9ta9$1 x w\ld h be5 my duty to develop ! v>i\s causes ^u :i* ! pleasure receiv$ f metrical language dep5ds4 ,among ! *ief ( ^! causes is to be reckon$ a pr9ciple :i* mu/ be well kn[n to ^? :o h made any ( ! ,arts ! object ( accurate reflection2 namely1 ! pleasure :i* ! m9d d]ives f ! p]ception ( similitude 9 dissimilitude4 ,?is pr9ciple is ! great spr+ ( ! activity ( our m9ds1 & _! *ief fe$]4444 ,x w\ld n be a useless employm5t to apply ?is pr9ciple to ! consid]ation ( metre1 & to %[ t metre is h5ce enabl$ to af=d mu* pleasure1 & to po9t out 9 :at mann] t pleasure is produc$4 ,b my limits w n p]mit me to ent] ^u ?is subject1 & ,i mu/ cont5t myself ) a g5]al summ>y4 ,i h said t poetry is ! spontane\s ov]fl[ ( p[]ful feel+s2 x takes its orig9 f emotion recollect$ 9 tranquillity2 ! emotion is contemplat$ till1 by a species ( reaction1 ! tranquillity gradually disappe>s1 & an emotion1 k9dr$ to t :i* 0 be=e ! subject ( contemplation1 is gradually produc$1 & does itself actually exi/ 9 ! m9d4 ,9 ?is mood successful composition g5]ally beg9s1 & 9 a mood simil> to ?is x is c>ri$ on2 b ! emotion1 ( :atev] k9d1 & 9 :atev] degree1 f v>i\s causes1 is qualifi$ by v>i\s pleasures1 s t 9 describ+ any passions :atsoev]1 :i* are volunt>ily describ$1 ! m9d w1 ^u ! :ole1 be 9 a /ate ( enjoym5t4 ,if ,nature be ?us cauti\s to pres]ve 9 a /ate ( enjoym5t a be+ s employ$1 ! ,poet ought to pr(it by ! lesson held =? to him1 & ought especially to take c>e t1 :atev] passions he communicates to 8 read]1 ^? passions1 if 8 read]'s m9d be s\nd & vigor\s1 %\ld always be accompani$ ) an ov]balance ( pleasure4 ,n[ ! music ( h>moni\s metrical language1 ! s5se ( difficulty ov]come1 & ! bl9d association ( pleasure :i* has be5 previ\sly receiv$ f works ( rime or metre ( ! same or simil> con/ruction1 an indi/9ct p]ception p]petually r5ew$ ( language closely resembl+ t ( real life1 & yet1 9 ! circum/ance ( metre1 diff]+ f x s widely--all ^! imp]ceptibly make up a complex feel+ ( delight1 :i* is ( ! mo/ important use 9 temp]+ ! pa9ful feel+ always f\nd int]m+l$ ) p[]ful descriptions ( ! deep] passions4 ,?is effect is always produc$ 9 pa!tic & impassion$ poetry2 :ile1 9 light] compositions1 ! ease & gracefulness ) :i* ! ,poet manages 8 numb]s are !mselves confess$ly a pr9cipal s\rce ( ! gratification ( ! read]4 ,all t x is necess>y to say1 h[ev]1 ^u ?is subject1 may be effect$ by affirm+1 :at few p]sons w d5y1 t ( two descriptions1 ei!r ( passions1 mann]s1 or *>act]s1 ea* ( !m equally well execut$1 ! "o 9 prose & ! o!r 9 v]se1 ! v]se w be read a hundr$ times :]e ! prose is read once4 7,,wordswor?3 ,preface to ! ,lyrical ,ballads1 #b;d ed47 ,! true "q mu/ be1#eg :e!r !re are n modes ( expression1 a con/ruction1 & an ord] ( s5t5ces1 :i* are 9 _! fit & natural place 9 a s]i\s prose composition1 b w\ld be disproportionate & het]og5e\s 9 metrical poetry2 &1 vice v]sa1 :e!r 9 ! language ( a s]i\s poem !re may n be an arrangem5t bo? ( words & s5t5ces1 & a use & selection ( 7:at are call$7 figures ( spee*1 bo? z to _! k9d1 _! frequ5cy1 & _! occasions1 :i* on a subject ( equal weight w\ld be vici\s & ali5 9 correct & manly prose4 ,i cont5d t 9 bo? cases ?is unfitness ( ea* = ! place ( ! o!r frequ5tly w & ought to exi/4 ,&1 fir/1 f ! orig9 ( metre4 ,?is ,i w\ld trace to ! balance 9 ! m9d effect$ by ! spontane\s ef=t :i* /rives to hold 9 *eck ! work+s ( passion4 ,x might be easily expla9$ likewise 9 :at mann] ?is salut>y antagonism is assi/$ by ! v /ate :i* x c\nt]acts2 & h[ ?is balance ( antagoni/s became organiz$ into metre 79 ! usual acceptation ( t t]m7 by a sup]v5+ act ( ! w & judgm5t1 consci\sly & = ! =ese5 purpose ( pleasure4 ,assum+ ^! pr9ciples z ! data ( our argum5t1 we d$uce f !m two legitimate conditions1 :i* ! critic is entitl$ to expect 9 e metrical "w4 ,fir/1 t z ! elem5ts ( metre owe _! exi/5ce to a /ate ( increas$ excitem5t1 s ! metre itself %\ld be accompani$ by ! natural language ( excitem5t4 ,secondly1 t z ^! elem5ts are =m$ into metre artificially1 by a volunt>y act1 ) ! design & = ! purpose ( bl5d+ delight ) emotion1 s ! traces ( pres5t volition %\ld ?r\gh\t ! metrical language be proportionally disc]nible4444 ,secondly1 ,i argue f ! effects ( metre4 ,z f> z metre acts 9 & = itself1 x t5ds to increase ! vivacity & susceptibility bo? ( ! g5]al feel+s & ( ! att5tion4 ,?is effect x produces by ! cont9u$ excitem5t ( surprise1 & by ! quick reciprocations ( curiosity /ill gratifi$ & /ill re-excit$1 :i* are too slight inde$ to be at any mom5t objects ( di/9ct consci\sness1 yet become consid]able 9 _! aggregate influ5ce4 ,z a m$icat$ atmosph]e1 or z w9e dur+ animat$ conv]sation1 !y act p[]fully1 ?\gh !mselves unnotic$4 ,:]e1 !re=e1 correspond5t food & appropriate matt] are n provid$ = ! att5tion & feel+s ?us r\s$1 !re mu/ ne$s be disappo9tm5t felt2--l t ( leap+ 9 ! d>k f ! la/ /ep ( a /aircase1 :5 we _h prep>$ our muscles = a leap ( ?ree or f\r4 ,! discussion on ! p[]s ( metre1 9 ! ,preface1 is highly +5i\s1 & t\*es at all po9ts on tru?4 ,b ,i _c f9d any /atem5t ( its p[]s consid]$ ab/ractly & sep>ately4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,mr4 ,wordswor? seems always to e/imate metre by ! p[]s :i* x ex]ts dur+ 7&1 z ,i ?9k1 9 consequ5ce (7 its comb9ation ) o!r elem5ts ( poetry4 ,?us ! previ\s difficulty is left unansw]$1 :at ! elem5ts are ) :i* x mu/ be comb9$ 9 ord] to produce its own effects to any pleasurable purpose4444 ,= any poetic purposes1 metre resembles 7if ! aptness ( ! simile may excuse its meanness7 yea/1 wor?less or disagreeable by itself1 b giv+ vivacity & _s to ! liquor ) :i* x is proportionally comb9$4444 ,metre 9 itself is simply a /imulant ( ! att5tion1 & !re=e excites ! "q1 ,:y is ! att5tion to be ?us /imulat$8 ,n[ ! "q _c be answ]$ by ! pleasure ( ! metre itself2 = ?is we h %[n to be conditional1 & dep5d5t on ! appropriat5ess ( ! ?\ghts & expressions to :i* ! metrical =m is sup]add$4 ,nei!r c ,i conceive any o!r answ] t c be rationally giv51 %ort ( ?is3 ,i write 9 metre1 because ,i am ab\t to use a language diff]5t f t ( prose4444 ,?irdly1 ,i d$uce ! position f all ! causes else:]e assign$ :i* r5d] metre ! prop] =m ( poetry1 & poetry imp]fect & defective )\t metre4 ,metre1 !re=e1 hav+ be5 connect$ ) poetry mo/ (t51 & by a peculi> fitness1 :atev] else is comb9$ ) metre mu/1 ?\gh x be n itself ess5tially poetic1 h nev]!less "s prop]ty 9 common ) poetry1 z an int]m$ium ( aff9ity4 7,,col]idge3 ,biographia ,lit]>ia1 *ap4 xviii47 ,9 ! y\? ( ! _w1 m5 dance & s+ & imitate natural objects1 obs]v+ 9 ^! actions1 z 9 all o!rs1 a c]ta9 rhy?m or ord]4 ,&1 al?\gh all m5 obs]ve a simil>1 !y obs]ve n ! same ord]1 9 ! motions ( ! dance1 9 ! melody ( ! song1 9 ! comb9ations ( language1 9 ! s]ies ( _! imitations ( natural objects4 ,= !re is a c]ta9 ord] or rhy?m belong+ to ea* ( ^! classes ( mimetic repres5tation1 f :i* ! he>] & ! spectator receive an int5s] & pur] pleasure ?an f any o!r3 ! s5se ( an approximation to ?is ord] has be5 call$ ta/e by mod]n writ]s4444 ,language1 color1 =m1 & religi\s & civil habits ( action are all ! in/rum5ts & mat]ials ( poetry2 & !y may be call$ poetry by t figure ( spee* :i* consid]s ! effect z a synonym ( ! cause4 ,b poetry 9 a m re/rict$ s5se expresses ^? arrangem5ts ( language1 & especially metrical language1 :i* are creat$ by t imp]ial faculty ^: ?rone is curta9$ )9 ! invisible nature ( man4 ,& ?is spr+s f ! nature itself ( language1 :i* is a m direct repres5tation ( ! actions & passions ( our int]nal be+1 & is susceptible ( m v>i\s & delicate comb9ations ?an color1 =m1 or motion1 & is m pla/ic & ob$i5t to ! control ( t faculty ( :i* x is ! creation4444 ,s\nds z well z ?\ghts h relation bo? betwe5 ea* o!r & t[>ds t :i* !y repres5t1 & a p]ception ( ! ord] ( ^? relations has always be5 f\nd connect$ ) a p]ception ( ! ord] ( ! relations ( ?\ghts4 ,h5ce ! language ( poets has ev] affect$ a c]ta9 uni=m & h>moni\s recurr5ce ( s\nd1 )\t :i* x 7 n poetry1 & :i* is sc>cely less indisp5sable to ! communication ( its influ5ce ?an ! words !mselves1 )\t ref]5ce to t peculi> ord]4444 ,an obs]vation ( ! regul> mode ( ! recurr5ce ( h>mony 9 ! language ( poetical m9ds1 toge!r ) its relation to music1 produc$ metre1 or a c]ta9 sy/em ( traditional =ms ( h>mony & language4 ,yet x is by no means ess5tial t a poet %\ld accommodate 8 language to ?is traditional =m1 s t ! h>mony1 :i* is its _s1 be obs]v$4 7,,%elley3 ,a ,def5ce ( ,poetry47 ,poetry1 9 its matt] & =m1 is natural imag]y or feel+1 comb9$ ) passion & fancy4 ,9 its mode ( conveyance1 x comb9es ! ord9>y use ( language ) musical expression4 ,!re is a "q ( long /&+ 9 :at ! ess5ce ( poetry consi/s1 or :at x is t det]m9es :y "o set ( ideas %\ld be express$ 9 prose1 ano!r 9 v]se4 ,milton has told u 8 idea ( poetry 9 a s+le l9e3 ,?\ghts t volunt>y move ,h>moni\s numb]s4 ,z !re are c]ta9 s\nds t excite c]ta9 movem5ts1 & ! song & dance g toge!r1 s !re are1 no d\bt1 c]ta9 ?\ghts t lead to c]ta9 tones ( voice1 or modulations ( s\nd1 & *ange ! words ( ,m]cury into ! songs ( ,apollo4 444 ,! j]ks1 ! breaks1 ! inequalities & h>%nesses ( prose are fatal to ! fl[ ( a poetical imag9ation1 z a jolt+ road or a /umbl+ horse di/urbs ! rev]ie ( an abs5t man4 ,b poetry makes ^! odds all ev54 ,x is ! music ( language1 answ]+ to ! music ( ! m9d1 unty+1 z x 71 ! secret s\l ( h>mony4 ,:]ev] any object takes su* a hold ( ! m9d z to make u dwell ^u x1 & brood ov] x1 melt+ ! he>t 9 t5d]ness1 or k9dl+ x to a s5tim5t ( en?usiasm2 :]ev] a movem5t ( imag9ation or passion is impress$ on ! m9d1 by :i* x seeks to prolong & repeat ! emotion1 to br+ all o!r objects into accord ) x1 & to give ! same movem5t ( h>mony1 su/a9$ & cont9u\s1 or gradually v>i$1 accord+ to ! occasion1 to ! s\nds t express x--?is is poetry4 ,! musical 9 s\nd is ! su/a9$ & cont9u\s2 ! musical 9 ?\ght is ! su/a9$ & cont9u\s also4 ,!re is a ne> connection betwe5 music & deep-root$ passion4 ,mad p s+4 ,z (t5 z articulation passes naturally into intonation1 !re poetry beg9s4444 ,x is to supply ! inh]5t defect ( h>mony 9 ! cu/om>y me*anism ( language1 to make ! s\nd an e*o to ! s5se1 :5 ! s5se becomes a sort ( e*o to itself--to m+le ! tide ( v]se1 ! gold5 cad5ces ( poetry1 ) ! tide ( feel+1 fl[+ & murmur+ z x fl[s--9 %ort1 to take ! language ( ! imag9ation f (f ! gr\nd2 & enable x to spread its w+s :]e x may indulge its own impulses3 ,sail+ ) supreme dom9ion ,?r\gh ! azure deep ( air1 )\t be+ /opp$1 or frett$1 or div]t$ ) ! abruptnesses & petty ob/acles1 & discordant flats & %>ps ( prose1 t poetry 0 inv5t$4 ,x is to common language :at spr+s are to a c>riage1 or w+s to feet4 ,9 ord9>y spee* we arrive at a c]ta9 h>mony by ! modulations ( ! voice2 9 poetry ! same ?+ is done sy/ematically by a regul> collocation ( syllables4 ,x has be5 well obs]v$1 t e "o :o declaims w>mly1 or gr[s int5t ^u a subject1 rises into a sort ( blank v]se or measur$ prose4444 ,an excuse might be made = rime 9 ! same mann]4 ,x is b fair t ! e> %\ld l+] on ! s\nds t delight x1 or avail itself ( ! same brilliant co9cid5ce & unexpect$ recurr5ce ( syllables1 t h be5 display$ 9 ! inv5tion & collocation ( images4 ,x is all[$ t rime assi/s ! memory4444 ,b if ! j+le ( names assi/s ! memory1 may x n also quick5 ! fancy8 7,,william ,,hazlitt3 ,on ,poetry 9 ,g5]al47 ,) reg>d to ! pr9ciple ( ,v>iety 9 ,uni=mity by :i* v]ses ought to be modulat$1 & on5ess ( impression div]sely produc$1 x has be5 cont5d$ by "s t poetry ne$ n be writt5 9 v]se at all2 t prose is z good a m$ium1 provid$ poetry be convey$ ?r\gh x1 & t to ?9k o!rwise is to conf\nd lett] ) _s1 or =m ) ess5ce4 ,b ! op9ion is a prosaical mi/ake4 ,fitness & unfitness = song1 or metrical excitem5t1 j make all ! diff]5ce betwe5 a poetical & prosaical subject2 & ! reason :y v]se is necess>y to ! =m ( poetry is t ! p]fection ( poetical _s dem&s x--t ! circle ( its en?usiasm1 beauty1 & p[] is incomplete )\t x4 ,i d n mean t a poet c nev] %[ himself a poet 9 prose2 b t be+ "o1 8 desire & necessity w be to write 9 v]se2 & t1 if he 7 unable to d s1 he w\ld n & c\ld n des]ve 8 title4 ,v]se to ! true poet is no clog4 ,x is idly call$ a trammel & a difficulty4 ,x is a help4 ,x spr+s f ! same en?usiasm z ! re/ ( 8 impulses1 & is necess>y to _! satisfaction & effect4444 ,v]se is ! f9al pro( to ! poet t 8 ma/]y ov] 8 art is complete4 ,x is ! %utt+ up ( 8 p[]s 9 measureful cont5t2 ! answ] ( =m to 8 _s2 ( /r5g? & ease to 8 guidance4444 ,v]se1 9 %ort1 is t f9i%+1 & r\nd+1 & tuneful planet+ ( ! poet's creations :i* is produc$ ( necessity by ! smoo? t5d5cies ( _! en]gy or inw>d work+1 & ! h>moni\s dance into :i* !y are attract$ r\nd ! orb ( ! beautiful4 ,poetry1 9 its complete sympa?y ) beauty1 mu/ ( necessity leave no s5se ( ! beautiful1 & no p[] ov] its =ms1 unmanife/$2 & v]se fl[s z inevitably f ?is condition ( its integrity z o!r laws ( proportion d f any o!r k9d ( embodim5t ( beauty4444 ,e poet1 !n1 is a v]sifi]2 e f9e poet an excell5t "o2 & he is ! be/ ^: v]se exhibits ! greate/ am\nt ( /r5g?1 sweetness1 /raight=w>dness1 unsup]flu\sness1 v>iety1 & on5ess2--on5ess1 t is to say1 consi/5cy 9 ! g5]al impression1 metrical & moral2 & v>iety1 or e p]t95t div]sity ( tone & rhy?m1 9 ! process4444 ,x is ?us t v]sification itself becomes "p ( ! s5tim5t ( a poem1 & v9dicates ! pa9s t h be5 tak5 to %[ its importance4 ,i "k ( no v f9e v]sification unaccompani$ ) f9e poetry2 no poetry ( a mean ord] accompani$ ) v]se ( ! highe/4 7,,leigh ,,hunt3 ,:at is ,poetry8 ,cook ed41 pp4 #cg-dj1 #fa47 ,no lit]>y expression c1 prop]ly speak+1 be call$ poetry t is n 9 a c]ta9 deep s5se emotional1 :atev] may be its subject-matt]1 concrete 9 its me?od & its diction1 rhy?mical 9 movem5t1 & arti/ic 9 =m4444 ,t poetry mu/ be metrical or ev5 rhy?mical 9 movem5t1 h[ev]1 is :at "s h d5i$4 ,"h we t\* at once ! v root ( ! subject4444 ,:ile prose requires intellectual life & emotional life1 poetry seems to require n only intellectual life & emotional life b rhy?mic life4444 ,unless ! rhy?m ( any metrical passage is s vigor\s1 s natural1 & s free t x seems z ?\gh x c\ld live1 if ne$ 71 by its rhy?m alone1 has t passage any "r to exi/8 & %\ld x n1 if ! sub/ance is good1 be =?) demetriciz$ & turn$ into prose8 444 ,ari/otle ignor$1 & ,plato slight$1 ! importance ( v]sification 7?\gh ,plato on "o occasion admitt$ t he :o did n "k rhy?m c\ld be call$ nei!r musician nor poet74444 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 ! !ory t v]sification is n an indisp5sable requisite ( a poem seems to h become ne>ly obsolete 9 our "t4 ,p]haps1 inde$1 _m critics w\ld n[ g s f> 9 ! contr>y direction z to say ) ,hegel 7/hetik1 iii4 p4 #bhi7 t metre is ! fir/ & only condition absolutely dem&$ by poetry1 yea ev5 m necess>y ?an a figurative picturesque diction4 7,,!odore ,,watts3 ,article on ,poetry 9 ,encyclopdia ,britannica47 ,v]se-rhy?m 9 words is ! imposition ( a s5sible ord] on :at naturally & normally has only a logical ord]2 & !re is piquancy 9 ! feel+ t s little is ?is ideal control a fett]+ in/rum5t1 t ea* ord] seems to ga9 v]ve & spontaneity f ! o!r1 or r f ! lat5t s5se t ! o!r1 ?\gh pres5t & op]ative1 is p[]less to hamp] x4 ,mu* m important1 h[ev]1 is x to notice h[ ! s5se t "o s+le ?+--! ^w-s]ies--is l5d+ itself to ?is jo9t dom9ance may take ! =m ( a sort ( transfigur$ surprise4 7,! root-pr9ciple "h involv$ is ! old "o ( unity 9 v>iety1 ! s+le l9e ( words1 dom9at$ at once by ! idea :i* !y express 9 _! grammatical connection & by _! metrical adju/m5t1 cle>ly possess+ two indep5d5t functions or aspects4 ,see ! full] discussion ( ,! ,s\nd-elem5t 9 ,v]se1 9 *apt] xix4 ( ,! ,p[] ( ,s\nd47 444 ,:51 z 9 v]se1 ! s\nds are po9t$ly address$ bo? to ! e> & to ! und]/&+1 ! r>ity ( ! comb9ation ( aspects contributes a /ra9 ( feel+ p>tly ak9 to t ) :i* we foll[ an exhibition ( skill1 & p>tly to t ) :i* we receive an unexpect$ gratuity4444 ,nor is ?is all4 ,rhy?m p]petually n only transfigures ! poetical expression ( an idea1 b makes ! exi/5ce ( t expression possible4 ,?is is tol]ably obvi\s 9 ! case ( :at is (t5 call$ p> excell5ce poetical language--language :i* keeps cle> ( prosaic homel9ess & prosaic precision & ( te*nical & ab/ract t]ms1 & conf9es itself to a m picturesque & l(ti] vocabul>y4444 ,cle>ly x is ! r>ity ( rhy?mic1 z comp>$ ) non-rhy?mic1 spee* t supports su* r>ity ( poetic z comp>$ ) non-poetic diction2 t is to say1 v]se1 be+ 9 "o respect--namely1 its effect on ! e>--a m>k$ exception f ord9>y language1 !reby e/abli%es = itself ! means ( be+ exceptional1 )\t seem+ unnatural1 9 o!r ways4444 444 ,9 dwell+ on ! non-reasonable "p 9 poetical beauty1 ,i am 9 no way committ$ to ! ass]tion t all its con/itu5ts are exclud$ f prose1 b only to ! ass]tion t ! metrical =m makes a diff]5ce ( k9d4 ,x _c be = no?+ t ! v idea ( poetical prose inspires dread2 & ! in/ances ( prose-writ+ :]e we f9d delight ( ! intangible & non-reasonable k9d are exceptions t only prove ! rule4 ,"o has b to te/ by self-exam9ation ! liv+ =ce ( words 9 a specim5 ( v]se & ( poetical prose :i* may respectively seem to oneself fir/-rate ( _! k9d4 ,= su* typical passages may (t5 be reg>d$ z fairly on a p> 9 respect ( ! ideas & emotions :i* !y reasonably express2 & ! prose may unque/ionably fur!r resemble ! poetry 9 a c]ta9 subtle individuality ( life 9 its m prom95t words1 s f> z ?is life c be quick5$ 9 !m by ! idea itself1 aid$ by su* qualities ( s\nd-arrangem5t z are possible ap>t f metre4 ,s f> ! poetical m]its ( ! respective passages may be equal2 yet only "o ( !m is ,poetry4444 ,language1 :i* 9 prose does little m ?an transmit ?\ght1 l cle> glass1 becomes--ev5 z t becomes--by art's adju/m5ts & ! m\ld+ ( measur$ =m1 a l5s1 :]e ! ?\ght takes fire z x passes4 ,! poet speaks ?r\gh a m$ium :i* seems to int5sify ! po9t & to ext5d ! range ( :at he w\ld tell u by "s p[] outside 8 own volition4 ,su* a p[]1 9 fact1 a rhy?mic ord]1 9 its fundam5tal appeal to human n]ves1 lit]ally is4444 ,! ictus ( ! v]se comes ^u u z ! op]ative =ce :i* %ocks ! words into _! unwont$ life4 444 ,9 consid]+ ! total contribution ( metre to imag9ative language1 x is impossible to ov]look ! quality ( p]man5ce4 ,i d n mean p]man5ce m]ely 9 ! s5se t metrical words live 9 ! memory4444 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 a mo/ important fact2 b ,i am "h deal+ only ) elem5ts ( effect t ent] into ! actual mom5t ( enjoym5t4444 ,x is a s5se ( comb9$ p>ts1 & _! indisp5sabl5ess "o to ano!r1 :i* gives u a s5se ( p]man5ce 9 an ar* z comp>$ ) a casual heap ( /ones2 x is a simil> indisp5sabl5ess :i* gives to metrical language an air ( p]man5ce impossible ev5 to ! mo/ h>moni\s s5t5ce ^: s\nds con=m to no g5u9e s*eme4 ,& aga91 9 ! case ( ?is con/itu5t z ( ! o!rs1 we h no difficulty 9 see+ t its influ5ce is really a jo9t "o ( s\nd & s5se--t1 ?\gh f\nd$ 9 ! nature ( metrical s\nd z su*1 x is n m]ely a s\nd-quality sup]pos$ ab extra on ! intelligible beauty ( ! words1 b dep5ds = its exi/5ce on _! intelligible "*4444 ,we _c glory 9 ! en%r9+ = memory ( ?+s t we d n c>e to rememb]4 ,b = t :i* is ( true spiritual significance ! fairly-fitt$ body ( s\nd is greet$ z ! inevitable inve/iture2 & ?us ju/ifi$ & quick5$1 ! /r5g? ( ! mutually indisp5sable p>ts seems no long] t ( m]e /ructure b ( organic life4 7,,edmund ,,gurney3 ,essay on ,poets1 ,critics1 & ,class-,li/s1 9 ,t]tium ,quid1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #afb-agi1 passim47 ,:y h poets always writt5 9 metre8 ,! answ] is1 ,because ! laws ( arti/ic expression oblige !m to d s4 ,:5 ! poet has be5 inspir$ f )\t 9 ! way 9 :i* we saw ,scott 0 inspir$ to conceive ! ,lay ( ! ,la/ ,m9/rel--t is to say1 :5 he has f\nd 8 subject-matt] 9 an idea1 univ]sally /rik+ to ! imag9ation1 :5 he has receiv$ ?is into 8 own imag9ation1 & has giv5 x a new & beautiful =m ( life !re1 !n he w seek to express 8 conception ?r\gh a vehicle ( language h>moniz+ ) 8 own feel+s & ! nature ( ! subject1 & ?is k9d ( language is call$ v]se4 ,= example1 :5 ,m>l[e wi%es to repres5t ! emotions ( ,fau/us1 aft] he has call$ up ! phantom ( ,hel5 ( ,troy1 x is pla9 t "s v raptur\s =m ( expression is ne$$ to convey an adequate idea ( su* fam\s beauty4 ,m>l[e rises to ! occasion 9 ^? mighty l9es ( 83 ,0 ?is ! face t laun*$ a ?\s& %ips1 ,& burn$ ! topless t[]s ( ,ilium8 ,b x is c]ta9 t he c\ld only h v5tur$ on ! sublime audacity ( say+ t a face laun*$ %ips & burn$ t[]s by escap+ f ! limits ( ord9>y language1 & convey+ 8 metaphor ?r\gh ! h>moni\s & ec/atic movem5ts ( rhy?m & metre4444 ,i ?9k ,wordswor?'s analysis ( emotion is cle>ly wrong4 ,! reason :y ! h>r[+ descriptions ( ,ri*>dson are simply pa9ful1 :ile ,%aksp]e's tragic situations are pleasurable1 is t ! imag9ation %r9ks f dwell+ on ideas s closely imitat$ f real objects z ! sc5es 9 ,cl>issa ,h>l[e1 b contemplates )\t excess ( pa9 ! situation 9 ,o!llo1 = example1 because ! imitation is poetical & ideal4 ,prose is us$ by ,ri*>dson because 8 novel pr(ess$ly resembles a situation ( real life2 metre is ne$$ by ,%aksp]e to make ! ideal life ( 8 drama real to ! imag9ation4 ,wordswor?1 if ,i may say s1 has put ! poetical c>t be=e ! horse4444 ,! propriety ( poetical expression is ! te/ & ! t\*-/one ( ! ju/ice ( poetical conception4444 ,poetry lies 9 ! inv5tion ( ! "r metrical =m--be x epic1 dramatic1 lyric1 or satiric--= ! expression ( "s idea univ]sally int]e/+ to ! imag9ation4 ,:5 ! =m ( metrical expression seems natural--natural1 t is1 to ! g5ius ( ! poet & ! inh]5t "* ( ! subject--!n ! subject-matt] w h be5 rightly conceiv$4444 ,apply ?is te/ ( :at is natural 9 metrical expression to any composition claim+ to be poetically inspir$1 & y w be able to decide :e!r x fulfils ! univ]sal conditions ( poetical life1 or :e!r x is "o ( ^? phantoms1 or1 z ,bacon calls !m1 idols ( ! imag9ation1 :i* vani% z soon z ! novelty ( _! appe>ance has exhau/$ its effect4 ,= in/ance1 ! ,am]ican poet1 ,walt ,:itman1 ann\nces 8 !me1 & asks = ! sympa?y ( ! read] 9 ^! words3 ,oneself ,i s+1 a simple1 sep>ate p]son1 ,yet utt] ! ^w ,democratic1 ! ^w ,en ,masse4 ,poets to come1 orators1 s+]s1 musicians to come1 ,n to-day is to ju/ify me & answ] :at ,i am =1 ,b y1 a new brood1 native1 a?letic1 cont95tal1 great] ?an be=e kn[n1 ,ar\se6 = y mu/ ju/ify me6444 ,to ?is appeal ,i ?9k ! read] may reply3 ,! subject y h *os5 is c]ta9ly an idol ( ! imag9ation4 ,= if y _h any?+ ( univ]sal int]e/ to say ab\t y\rself1 y c\ld say x 9 a way natural to "o ( ! metres1 or metrical movem5ts1 e/abli%$ 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,:at y call metre be>s precisely ! same relation to ^! univ]sal laws ( expression1 z ! ,mormon *ur* & ! religion ( ,joseph ,smi? & ,brigham ,"y be> to ! doctr9es ( ,ca?olic ,*ri/5dom4#eh 444 ,:y d we s (t5 f9d m5 9 ^! days1 ei!r us+ metre 444 :]e !y ought to h express$ !mselves 9 prose1 or express+ !mselves 9 v]se 9 a /yle s f> remote f ! /&>d ( diction e/abli%$ 9 society t !y fail to t\* ! he>t8 ,i ?9k ! explanation ( ?is curi\s ph5om5on is t1 ?\gh metre c only prop]ly be us$ = ! expression ( univ]sal ideas1 !re is 9 mod]n society an ecc5tric or mona/ic pr9ciple at "w1 :i* leads m5 to p]v]t metre into a luxuri\s in/rum5t = ! expression ( m]ely private ideas4 7,,william ,,john ,,c\r?ope3 ,life 9 ,poetry1 ,law 9 ,ta/e1 pp4 #ga-hc47 ,language is colloquial & decl>ative 9 our ord9>y spee*1 & on its legs = common use & movem5t4 ,only :5 x takes w+s does x become poetry4 ,z ! poet1 t\*$ by emotion1 rises to en?usiasm & imag9ative p[] or skill1 8 spee* gr[s rhy?mic1 & ?us puts on ! attribute t di/+ui%es x f e o!r mode ( arti/ic expression--! guild-m>k :i*1 rightly consid]$1 e/abli%es ! nature ( ! ?+ itself4444 ,our new empiricism1 foll[+ :]e intuition leads ! way1 compreh5ds ! function ( vibrations3 x p]ceives t e movem5t ( matt]1 seiz$ ^u by univ]sal =ce1 is vibratory2 t vibrations1 & no?+ else1 convey ?r\gh ! body ! look & voice ( nature to ! s\l2 t ?us alone c "o inc>nate individuality address its fell[2 t1 to use old ,bunyan's imag]y1 ^! vibrations knock at ! e>-gate1 & are visible to ! eye-gate1 & are s5ti5t at ! gates ( t\* ( ! liv+ temple4 ,! ^w describ+ _! action is 9 evid5ce2 !y ?rill ! body1 !y ?rill ! s\l1 bo? ( :i* respond ) subjective1 int]bl5d+ vibrations1 accord+ to ! keys1 ! wave-l5g?s1 ( _! excitants4 ,?us x is absolutely true t :at ,buxton ,=man calls idealiz$ language1--t is1 spee* :i* is imag9ative & rhy?mical1--goes ) emotional ?\ght2 & t words ex]t a my/]i\s & pot5t influ5ce1 ?us *os5 & assort$1 beyond _! normal mean+s4444 ,aside f ! vibratory mission ( rhy?m1 its little /aff ( adjuvants1 by ! v discipl9e & limitations :i* !y impose1 take poetry out ( ! plane ( common spee*1 & make x an art :i* lifts ! he>] to its own unusual key4 ,s*ill] writes to ,goe! t rhy?m1 9 a dramatic "w1 treats all *>act]s & all situations accord+ to "o law4444 ,9 ?is mann] x =ms ! atmosph]e = ! poetic creation4 ,! m mat]ial "p is left out1 = only :at is spiritual c be borne by ?is ?9 elem5t4 ,9 real1 t is1 spontane\s m9/relsy1 ! fitte/ assonance1 consonance1 "t1 ev5 rime1 444 come ( !mselves ) ! imag9ative ?\ght4444 ,su* is ! te/ ( g5u95ess1 ! und]ly+ pr9ciple be+ t ! ma/]ful words ( all poetic tongues are = ! mo/ "p 9 bo? _! op5 & consonantal s\nds relat$ to _! mean+s1 s t ) ! in>ticulate rhy?m ( impassion$ ?\ght we h a correspond5t v]bal rhy?m = its vehicle4 ,! :ole range ( poetry :i* is vital1 f ! ,hebrew psalms & prophecies1 9 _! orig9al text & 9 our great ,engli% v]sion1 to ! ,georgian lyrics & romances & ! ,victorian idyls1 confirms ! /atem5t ( ,mill t ! deep] ! feel+1 ! m *>act]i/ic & decid$ ! rhy?m4 ,! rapture ( ! poet gov]ns ! tone & acc5t ( 8 high & passionate ?\ghts ,to _! own music *ant$4 7,,edmund ,,cl>5ce ,,/$man3 ,! ,nature & ,elem5ts ( ,poetry1 pp4 #ea-ee47 ,we agree1 !n1 to call by ! "n ( poetry t =m ( art :i* uses rhy?m to atta9 its ends1 j z we call by ! "n ( fly+ t motion :i* c]ta9 animals atta9 by ! use ( w+s2 t ! feel+s r\s$ by poetry c be r\s$ by unrhy?mic ord] ( words1 & t rhy?mic ord] ( words is (t5 deplorably bad art1 or unpoetic1 h z little to d ) ! case z ! fact t a greyh\nd spe$+ ov] ! grass gives ! spectator q ! exhil>ation & s5se ( lightness & grace :i* is r\s$ by ! flight ( a bird1 & ! fact t an awkw>d f[l makes itself ridicul\s 9 try+ to fly1 h to d ) ! g5]al proposition t fly+ is a matt] ( w+s4444 ,z a matt] ( fact1 all writ]s on poetry take rhy?m = grant$ until "s "o asks :y x is necess>y2 :]eupon consid]able discussion1 & ! prote/ sign$ by a respectable m9ority1 b a m9ority aft] all1 t rhy?m is n an ess5tial condition ( ! poetic art4 ,?is discussion1 z e "o kn[s1 has be5 lively & at times bitt]4 ,a pati5t & compreh5sive review ( x 9 a fairly imp>tial _s has l$ to ! conclusion1 fir/1 t no te/ save rhy?m has be5 propos$ :i* c be put to real use1 ev5 9 !ory1 n to m5tion ! long rea*es ( a hi/orical & comp>ative /udy2 secondly1 t all def5d]s ( ! poem 9 prose are m or less contradictory & inconsi/5t1 mak+ confusion betwe5 !ory & practice2 & ?irdly1 t advocates ( a rhy?mic te/1 ev5 9 ab/ract def9ition1 seem to h ! bett] ( ! argum5t4444 ,all reports ( primitive s++1 t is1 ( s++ among races on a l[ plane ( culture1 make rhy?m a :olly insi/5t elem5t ( ! v]se4444 ,rhy?m is obscur$ or hidd5 by declamation only 9 times :5 ! eye has usurp$ ! functions ( ! e>1 & :5 a highly develop$ prose makes ! acc5t$ rhy?m ( poetry seem ei!r old-fa%ion$ or a sign ( *ildhood4 ,n t "o wi%es to re/ore a s+-song read+1 b r a recognition ( metrical /ructure1 ( ^? subtle effects 9 rhy?m :i* mean s mu* 9 ! poet's art2 v]se1 9 a ^w1 p>ticul>ly lyric v]se1 mu/ n be read z if x 7 prose4 ,dramatic v]se is a difficult problem4444 ,= 9 drama "o wi%es n[adays to he> n rhy?m1 b ! ?\ght1 ! /ory1 ! po9t4444 ,z ?\ght rec$es1 z "o comes ne>] to ^? primitive emotions :i* 7 untr\bl$ by ?\ght1 !y get expression m & m 9 cad5c$ tones4 ,& aga91 ?is cad5c$ emotional expression1 z x gr[s /rong]1 gr[s wid]2 ! b>ri]s ( irony & res]ve1 :i* keep a mod]n !atre te>less 9 ! face ( ,le>'s mo/ pa!tic utt]ance1 break d[n2 fir/1 z "o rec$es f mod]n conditions1 comes ! sympa!tic emotion ( ! spectators express$ 9 sighs & te>s2 444 !n comes ! p>tial activity ( ! spectators by _! deput$ *orus2 & at la/ ! ?rong ( primitive times1 common emotion 9 common expression1 ) no spectators1 no audi5ce1 no res]ve or comm5t ( ?\ght1--= ?\ght is absorb$ 9 ! p]ception & action ( communal cons5t2 & "h1 by all evid5ce1 rhy?m rules supreme4444 ,if1 n[1 ! curve ( evolution 9 ,aryan v]se beg9s ) an absolutely /rict rhy?m & alt]nate emphasis ( syllables1 (t51 z 9 ,iranian1 to ! neglect ( logical consid]ations2 if ! c\rse ( poetry is to admit logical consid]ations m & m1 =c+ 9 at lea/ "o case ! ab&on+ ( movable acc5t & ! agreem5t ( v]se-emphasis ) syllabic-emphasis1 an undisput$ fact2 if poetry1 too1 fir/ %akes (f ! /eps ( danc+1 !n ! notes ( song1 f9ally ! /rict scann+ ( ! v]se1 until n[ recit$ poetry is triumphantly logical1 ) rhy?m z a subconsci\s elem5t2 if1 f9ally1 ?is process exactly agrees ) ! gradual increase ( ?\ght ov] emotion1 ) ! analog\s increase ( solit>y poetry ov] greg>i\s poetry1--!n1 surely1 "o has b to trace back ?is curve ( evolution1 & to project x into prehi/oric conditions1 9 ord] to inf] ) some?+ v close to c]titude t rhy?m is ! primal fact 9 ! beg9n+s ( ! poetic art4444 ,! hold ( rhy?m ^u mod]n poetry1 ev5 "u conditions ( analytic & intellectual developm5t :i* h unque/ionably work$ = ! increas$ importance ( prose1 is a hold n to be relax$1 & = good reason4 ,! reason is ?is4 ,9 rhy?m1 9 s\nds ( ! human voice1 tim$ to movem5ts ( ! human body1 mank9d fir/ discov]$ t social cons5t :i* br\ght ! great joys & ! great pa9s ( life into a common utt]ance4444 ,! m]e fact ( utt]ance is social2 h[ev] solit>y 8 ?\ght1 a poet's utt]ance mu/ voice ?is cons5t ( man ) man1 & 8 emotion mu/ fall into rhy?m1 ! "o & et]nal expression ( cons5t4 ,?is1 !n1 is :y rhy?m w n be bani%$ f poetry s long z poetry %all rema9 emotional utt]ance2 = rhy?m is n only sign & w>rant ( a social contract /rong]1 deep]1 va/]1 ?an any fanci$ by ,r\sseau1 b x is ! expression ( a human s5se m ke5 ev5 ?an ! fe> ( devils & ! love ( gods--! s5se & sympa?y ( k9d4#ei 7,francis ,b4 ,gumm]e3 ,! ,beg9n+s ( ,poetry1 *ap4 ii1 ,rhy?m z ! ,ess5tial ,fact ( ,poetry4 ,pp4 #cj1 #ca1 #hb-he1 #aad1 #aae47 ,,footnotes3 #ef ,comp>e ) ?is a passage 9 a lett] ( ,goe!'s to ,s*ill] ab\t ,fau/3 ,"s tragic sc5es 7 done 9 prose2 by reason ( _! naturalness & /r5g? !y are q intol]able 9 relation to ! o!r sc5es4 ,i am1 !re=e1 n[ try+ to put !m into rime1 = !re ! idea is se5 z if "u a veil1 & ! imm$iate effect ( ?is trem5d\s mat]ial is s(t5$4 7,translation ( ,pr(essor ,f4 ,b4 ,gumm]e1 9 ,! ,beg9n+s ( ,poetry1 p4 #gc47 #eg ,9 ^! *apt]s ( ! ,biographia ,lit]>ia1 ,col]idge 0 reply+ to ! !ories ( ,wordswor? z set =? 9 8 ,preface4 #eh ,comp>e ! amus+ly vigor\s rem>ks ( ,mr4 ,sw9burne on ! want ( metre 9 ,:itman's poems3 ',did y ask dulcet rhymes f me8' inquires ,mr4 ,:itman4 444 ,no1 my de> good sir3 444 n 9 ! wilde/ visions ( a di/emp]$ slumb] c\ld ,i h dream$ ( do+ any?+ ( ! k9d4 444 ,b metre1 rhy?m1 cad5ce1 n m]ely appreciable b def9able & r$ucible to rule & measurem5t1 ?\gh we d n expect f y1 we dem& f all :o claim1 we disc]n 9 ! works ( all :o h a*iev$1 any place among poets ( any class :atsoev]4444 ,! "q is :e!r y h any m "r to call y\rself a poet1 or to be call$ a poet1 444 ?an to call y\rself or to be call$1 on ! /r5g? ( y\r publi%$ writ+s1 a ma!matician1 a logician1 a pa9t]1 a political economi/1 a sculptor1 a dynamit]1 an old p>liam5t>y h&1 a civil eng9e]1 a deal] 9 m>9e /ores1 an amphimac]1 a tripty*1 a rhomboid1 or a rectangul> p>allelogram4 7,/udies 9 ,prose & ,poetry1 pp4 #acc1 #acd47 #ei ,pr(essor ,gumm]e also gives ?is analysis ( ,k>l ,b*]'s essay on ,labor & ,rhy?m 7,arbeit und ,rhy?mus1 ,leipzig1 #ahif73 ,fatigue1 :i* besets all "w felt z "w by reason ( its cont9u$ application ( purpose1 vani%$ = primitive man1 z x vani%es n[ = *ildr51 if ! "w 0 once fre$ f ?is /ress ( application & s turn$ to a k9d ( play4 ,! dance itself is really h>d "w1 exact+ & viol5t2 :at makes x ! favorite x is ) savages z ) *ildr58 ,simply its automatic1 regul>1 rhy?mic "*1 ! due repetition ( a famili> movem5t :i* all[s ! m9d to relax its attitude ( con/ant purpose4 ,! purpose & plan ( "w involve ext]nal s\rces & ext]nal ends2 rhy?m is in/9ctive1 & spr+s f ! organic nature ( man2 x is no inv5tion4 ,! song t "o s+s :ile at "w is n some?+ fitt$ to ! "w1 b comes f movem5ts ( ! body 9 ! specific acts ( labor2 & ?is applies n only to ! rhy?m1 b ev5 to ! words4 ,s x 0 9 ! fe/al dance4444 ,t poetry & music 7 always comb9$ by e>ly man1 &1 along ) labor1 made up ! primitive ?ree-9-"o1 an organic :ole1 labor be+ ! basal fact1 ) rhy?m z an elem5t common to ! ?ree2 & t n h>mony or pit*1 b ?is ov]ma/]+ & p]vasive rhy?m1 exact1 def9ite1 0 ! ma9 factor ( e>ly song1--^! are conclusions = :i* ,b*] (f]s ample & conv9c+ evid5ce4 7,ib4 pp4 #ajh1 #aji47 ,,app5dix ,,table ,,illu/rat+ ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,h]oic ,,c\plet ,! foll[+ table is design$1 9 ! fir/ place1 to illu/rate ! hi/ory ( ! decasyllabic c\plet 9 ,engli% v]se1 by mak+ possible a comp>ison ( ! *>act]i/ic details ( its =m 9 diff]5t p]iods2 &1 9 ! second place1 to sugge/ a me?od by :i*1 ?r\gh ! c>eful tabulation ( facts1 "o may sub/antiate or correct g5]al /atem5ts z to ! qualities ( v]se4 ,any su* /ati/ics z are "h pres5t$ mu/ be accept$1 if at all1 ) no little caution4 ,! table is bas$ on passages ( "o hundr$ l9es ea*1 believ$ to be fairly repres5tative ( ! v]se ( ! sev]al au?ors4 ,no passage ( ?is l5g?1 h[ev]1 c be kn[n to be p]fectly typical4 ,a /ill great] difficulty is f\nd 9 ! necess>ily subjective "* ( any su* tabulation4 ,mo/ l9es ( ,engli% decasyllabic v]se c be read--) ref]5ce to ! di/ribution ( acc5ts & pauses--9 m ?an "o way4 ,x is unlikely1 !re=e1 t any two read]s w\ld rea* ! same results 9 try+ to =m a table ( ?is k9d4 ,! absolute validity ( ! figures is !re=e d\btful2 b on condition t !y all h be5 comput$ by ! same p]son1 consi/5tly ) a s+le /&>d ( judgm5t1 _! relative validity1 = purposes ( comp>ison1 may be fairly assum$4 ,! facts "h set d[n = ea* specim5 ( v]se gr\p !mselves 9 f\r divisions4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ea* l9e ( v]se is ei!r run-on or end-/opp$2 &1 9 rim+ c\plets1 x is also ( int]e/ to "k :e!r ! second l9e ( ! c\plet is run-on into ! foll[+ c\plet4 ,9 ! second place1 ! cesural pause occurs ei!r ne> ! middle ( ! l9e or else:]e1 or--x may be--is omitt$ altoge!r4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 ! l9e may h a fem99e end+4 ,9 ! f\r? place1 x may conta9 "s o!r foot ?an ! regul> iambus4 ,!re is "s room = diff]5ce ( judgm5t z to :e!r a giv5 l9e is end-/opp$ or run-on2 b ) occasional exceptions ! pres5ce or want ( a m>k ( punctuation may be made ! det]m9+ elem5t4 ,obvi\sly "o may f9d su* cle> phrase-pauses1 )\t punctuation1 z w ju/ify ! caption end-/opp$4 ,!re is f> m div]g5ce ( judgm5t 9 ! recognition ( ! cesura4 ,"s writ]s on prosody treat practically e l9e ( t5 syllables z hav+ a cesural pause1 & c]ta9ly "s slight phrase-pause may almo/ always be f\nd4 ,9 ! foll[+ table1 h[ev]1 ! cesura has be5 recogniz$ only :5 !re is a grammatical or rhetorical pause s consid]able z--9 mo/ cases--to require a m>k ( punctuation4 ,su* a v]se1 !n1 z-- ,fate snat*'d h] e>ly to ! pity+ sky is c\nt$ z hav+ no cesura4 ,! cesura is c\nt$ z m$ial :5 occurr+ aft] ! f\r?1 fif?1 or six? syllable2 else:]e x is reg>d$ z v>iant4 ,! significance ( ?is di/9ction is v cle> 9 ! comp>ison ( ! h]oic c\plet ( ! classical ) t ( ! romantic s*ool ( poets4#fj ,x is 9 ! la/ gr\p ( facts1 ^? relat+ to sub/itut$ feet1 t ! subjective elem5t is mo/ emb>rass+4 ,!re c be no v g5]al agreem5t among read]s z to ! degree ( acc5t necess>y to *ange a pair ( syllables f an iambus to a pyrrhic or a spondee4 ,! o!r two =ms ( sub/itution 7inv]t$ acc5t1 giv+ tro*ees1 & trisyllabic feet1 giv+ anape/s7 are some:at m def9itely det]m9able4 ,9 ! foll[+ table ! nam+ ( all ^! feet is bas$ on :at is believ$ to be ! natural read+ ( ! v]se1 ) a due reg>d = bo? rhetorical & metrical acc5t4 ,9 ! v]se-- ,by ^! ! spr+s ( prop]ty 7 b5t ! f\r? foot is c\nt$ a pyrrhic2 s also 9 ?is-- ,_! busy tea*]s m+l$ ) ! ,jews1 al?\gh "h a c]ta9 second>y acc5t on ! eigh? syllable is possible4 ,9 su* a v]se z-- ,!re is a pa? on ! sea's azure floor ! ?ird foot is c\nt$ a pyrrhic & ! f\r? a spondee4#fa ,"o may get1 !n1 f a table ( ?is sort1 a g5]al view ( ! "* ( any p>ticul> piece ( v]se1 9 respect to ! poet's pref]5ce = run-on l9es1 = fem99e end+s1 = break+ ! v]se into two equal p>ts1 = v>y+ ! cesura1 or = sub/itut+ exceptional feet4 ,! description w\ld be m ne>ly complete if !re 7 also indicat$ ! places 9 ! v]se :]e sub/itut$ feet occur2 a tro*ee 9 ! second foot is a v diff]5t ?+ f "o 9 ! fir/2 b x is difficult to tabulate facts ( ?is ord] )\t complicat+ "o's results beyond ! po9t ( s]viceable cle>ness4 ,"s /ud5ts ( v]se are d\btless (f5d$ by ! use ( /ati/ics 9 connection ) a subject ( ?is k9d2 & x is easy to ridicule ! obvi\s incongruity ( ma!matical me?ods & poetry4 ,a rec5t magaz9e critic makes m]ry ov] c]ta9 /ati/ical /udies 9 rhy?m1 c>ri$ on 9 a laboratory by record+ ! beats 9 nurs]y-rimes on ! "o h& & 9 hymns on ! o!r4 ,!re is a c]ta9 class ( problems1 he obs]ves mo/ ju/ly1 ^: ext]nal aspects may possibly yield to /ati/ical tabulation1 b :i* 9 ! la/ resort mu/ be spiritually disc]n$4#fb ,poetry is unque/ionably ( ?is class4 ,yet ?is w\ld n seem to =bid ! /udy1 by sci5tific me?ods1 ( ^? ext]nal aspects admitt$ly susceptible ( tabulation4 ,"o is n likely to recomm5d elem5t>y /ud5ts to c\nt tro*ees & cesuras 9 ord] to increase _! appreciation ( good v]se4 ,b :5 "o comes to ! po9t ( g5]aliz+ z to ! laws or hi/ory ( v]se-=ms1 x is well to h a me?od ( correction1 repres5table 9 figures black & :ite1 = ! vague impressions :i* are all t appreciative read+ c give4 ,p]haps ! real s]vice ( su* a me?od z has j be5 describ$ is to prev5t "o f mak+ ha/y g5]alizations :i* /ati/ics w n support4 ,obvi\sly ! same sy/em c be appli$ to blank v]se1 ) ! omission ( ! second category 9 ! table4 ,a conv5i5t me?od ( mak+ su* a /udy is to use %eets ( pap] rul$ = tw5ty-five l9es & sev5 columns4 ,ea* horizontal l9e repres5ts a l9e ( v]se analyz$4 ,! columns are head$ ,cesura1 ,t1 ,p1 ,s1 ,a1 ,run-on1 & ,fem4 ,end+4 ,a cesural pause betwe5 ! ?ird & f\r? syllables is indicat$ by ! figures #c_/d 9 ! fir/ column4 ,a tro*ee 9 ! fir/ foot is indicat$ by ! figure #a 9 ! ,t column2 a spondee 9 ! f\r? foot by ! figure #d 9 ! ,s column2 & s on4 ,a simple *eck-m>k 9 ! six? or sev5? column indicates respectively a case ( enjambem5t or ( fem99e end+4 ,:5 ! tabulation is complete1 "o c easily note ! proportion ( run-on l9es & exceptional cesuras1 & c also det]m9e at a glance n only ! numb] ( exceptional feet b ! p>ts ( ! v]se 9 :i* !y occur4 ,9 ! foll[+ table ! figures reg>d+ ! c\plets ( ,sp5s] are bas$ on 8 ,"m ,hubb>d's ,tale2 ^? relat+ to ,joseph ,hall1 on ! ,satires ( 8 ,virgidemi>um 7see p4 #ahb72 ^? relat+ to ,leigh ,hunt1 on ,! ,/ory ( ,rim9i2 ^? relat+ to ,keats1 on ,endymion2 to ,br[n+1 on ,sordello4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,*auc] ,joseph 7ab4 ,sp5s] ,hall ,jonson ,wall] #ache7 7#aeia7 7#aeig7 7#afaf7 7ab4 #afej7 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,run-on ,l9es #af #ad #aj #bf #af ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,run-on ,c\plets #g #d #a #h #b ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,m$ial ,cesura #cc #ca #cg #dh #ej ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,no ,cesura #eh #fd #eh #bi #db ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,v>iant ,cesura #i #e #e #bc #h ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,fem99e ,end+s #fd #f #j #f #j ---------------------------------------- --------------- a ,tro*ees #ae #ac #ah #bb #bc ---------------------------------------- --------------- a ,pyrrhics #bf #bi #bd #ce #df ---------------------------------------- --------------- a ,spondees #j #ac #ad #ah #ad ---------------------------------------- --------------- a ,anape/s #d #j #j #f #j ---------------------------------------- --------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,leigh ,dryd5 ,pope ,hunt ,keats ,br[n+ 7ab4 #afhj7 7ab4 #agbe7 7#ahaf7 7#ahah7 7#ahdj7 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,run-on ,l9es #aa #d #ac #dj #eh ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,run-on ,c\plets #a #j #j #be #bg ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,m$ial ,cesura #eb #dg #df #ec #cj ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,no ,cesura #dj #dd #ce #bg #be ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,v>iant ,cesura #h #i #ai #bj #de ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,fem99e ,end+s #j #b #f #f #j ---------------------------------------- --------------- a ,tro*ees #ae #be #bi #bi #cd ---------------------------------------- --------------- a ,pyrrhics #df #bg #dj #cg #cd ---------------------------------------- --------------- a ,spondees #a #aa #i #ai #ai ---------------------------------------- --------------- a ,anape/s #j #a #a #c #a ---------------------------------------- --------------- a ,no acc\nt is tak5 9 ! table ( m ?an a s+le occurr5ce ( ! same exceptional foot 9 any "o l9e4 ,,footnotes3 #fj ,"h a ^w ( caution is ne$$4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! regul>ly balanc$ l9e ( ! classical c\plet requires n only a m$ial pause1 b also a pause at ! end4 ,h5ce :]e we f9d1 z 9 ! v]se ( ,keats1 a l>ge numb] ( m$ial cesuras b at ! same "t a v l>ge numb] ( run-on l9es1 ! *>act]i/ic effect ( ! m$ial pause is almo/ entirely lo/1 & ! numb] ( m$ial pauses is n significant4 #fa ,?is comb9ation 7( pyrrhic & spondee7 is ( c\rse v frequ5t2 & :]e bo? sub/itutions occur toge!r1 ! g5]al av]age ( acc5ts is ma9ta9$1 only ) ex*ange ( position4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :]e !re appe>s a l>ge numb] ( pyrrhics ) almo/ no spondees 7z 9 ! case ( ,dryd571 a diff]5t sort ( v]se is indicat$1--"o :]e ! l9es ga9 a c]ta9 lightness & rapidity f ! lack ( ! full numb] ( fully acc5t$ syllables4 #fb ,div9ation by ,/ati/ics1 9 ! ,atlantic ,mon?ly1 ,janu>y1 #aijb4 ,,index ,names ( poems are arrang$ alphabetically "u au?ors4 ,an a/]isk 9 connection ) ! page numb] indicates t ! poem is quot$ at lea/ 9 "p4 ,abraham & ,isaac 7,my/]y ,play71 #aab994 ,acc5ts1 arbitr>y v>iation (1 #djj2 conflict (1 #g-aa2 defici5cy 91 #ee1ef2 degrees (1 #c-e2 excess ( #ee1 #eg2 hov]+1 #i-aa2 inv]sion (1 #g1 #h1 #ee1 #ef1 #eg f42 k9ds (1 #c1 #f2 relation ( diff]5t k9ds1 #g2 relation to quantity1 #dje f42 second>y1 #c1 #e1 #aef1 #dji2 "t-int]vals (1 #aa1 #cic-cif2 wr5*$1 #h-aa4 ,,addison3 ,campaign1 #aii992 ,cato1 #bcf992 on v]se ( ,butl]1 #afg f4 ,,lfric1 v]se (1 #aaf f4 ,,ak5side3 ,pleasures ( ! ,imag9ation1 #bch2 ,virtuoso1 #ajd4 ,,alamanni1 influ5ce on ,wyatt1 #fe4 ,,alb]ti1 classical metres (1 #ccj4 ,alcaic /anza1 #gg4 ,alex&r9e1 #beb-bei2 develop$ by ,br[n+1 #beh2 ,fr5*1 #ah2 9 five-/ress v]se1 #aie1 #bjh1 #beh2 9 sonnet1 #bgb f42 9 ,sp5s]ian /anza1 #ajc2 unrim$1 #bee2 us$ at end ( /anzas o!r ?an ,sp5s]ian1 #ajg4 ,allit]ation1 #aac1 #aaf-aba2 9 m$ival ,lat91 #aag2 sporadic1 #ace4 ,allit]ative long l9e1 #aai1 #aef4 ,,als*]1 on ,wyatt1 #aa4 ,anacrusis1 #be4 ,anape/1 #bd2 sub/itut$ = iambus1 #eh f4 ,anape/ic v]se1 two-/ress1 #bh f42 ?ree-/ress1 #cd-cf2 f\r-/ress1 #ci f42 five-/ress1 #db2 six-/ress1 #dc2 sev5-/ress1 #de2 eight-/ress1 #dh2 9 v]s de socit1 #ci4 ,,&]son1 ,m4 ,b43 ,inf]no1 #fh f4994 ,,&]son1 ,r41 on v]se ( ,joseph ,hall1 #ahb4 ,anglo-,saxon v]se1 allit]ation 91 #aaf f42 relation ( acc5t & quantity 91 #dje f42 rime 91 #abd1 #abe f42 /anzas 91 #fb n42 two !ories (1 #aea-aed2 types (1 #aeb f4 ,,ar*]1 ,w41 on ,watson's sonnets1 #bij4 ,areopagus1 #ccb f4 ,,ari/ophanes1 ,sw9burne on v]se (1 #de f4 ,,ari/otle1 8 !ory ( metre1 #dac-daf4 ,,arnold1 ,m43 ,ea/ ,london1 #bhf992 ,emp$ocles on tna1 #cbe-cbg992 ,=sak5 ,m]man1 #e991 #bb f4991 #ec f4992 ,future1 #aae992 on ,*apman's sept5>y1 #bfb2 on ,engli% hexamet]s1 #cea-cec2 on ,longfell['s hexamet]s1 #cdh2 ,sohrab & ,ru/um1 #eh991 #bdi f4994 ,,arnaut1 ! tr\bad\r1 se/9a (1 #chc4 ,asc5d+ rhy?m1 #bd4 ,,as*am3 ,s*oolma/]1 #ccj1 #cda4 ,asclepiadean v]se1 #cca4 ,assonance1 #aac-aae2 9 ,celtic v]se1 #aae2 9 v]se ( ,romance languages1 #aac f4 ,,att]bury1 on ,dryd5's influ5ce1 #aig2 on ,wall]1 #ahh f4 ,aurora lucis rutilat1 #afj994 ,,bacon1 ,f41 on significant s\nds1 #acf4 ,,ba,f1 ,,de1 ,a41 classical metre (1 #cca4 ,ballade1 #cfj-cfg4 ,ballads1 /anza (1 #gj1 #bfd2 v]se (1 #aj1 #aeg4 ,,banville1 ,,de1 ,t41 #ceh1 #cei4 ,,b>b\r3 ,bruce1 #afb f994 ,,b>clay3 ,%ip ( ,fooles1 #id4 ,,b>nes3 ,p>!nophil1 #bgc4 ,ba/on1 #hc4 ,,beaumont1 ,f43 ,knight ( ! ,burn+ ,pe/le1 #bfc994 ,,beaumont1 ,j41 on h]oic c\plet1 #aij f42 v]se (1 #aia n4 ,,be]s1 on h]oic /anza1 #gc4 ,,b5tley1 on ,milton's v]se1 #eh4 ,be[ulf1 #ac994 ,,b]n>d 7,,/473 ,de ,nativitate ,dom9i1 #hj994 ,,b]n>t1 ,,de ,,v5tadorn1 #aaj4 ,,be/1 ,j4 ,r43 ,bon ,rondeau1 #cgc994 ,be/i>y1 #aah994 ,bewick & ,grahame 7ballad71 #aeg994 ,,blair3 ,grave1 #bcf f4994 ,blank v]se1 #bac-bea2 ab&on$ 9 ,re/oration drama1 #aif-aii2 e>ly use ( t]m1 #bae2 9 lyrical poems1 #bdf2 its decad5ce1 #bcj1 #bcd2 revival 9 #ah? c5tury1 #bch2 unpopul> 9 #ah? c5tury1 #bjd f4 ,bl[1 nor!rn w9d1 #gh994 ,bob-:eel1 #aaj n4 ,b,,ddek]3 ,alt5glis*e ,di*tung51 cit$1 #ad1 #fi1 #gh1 #hd1 #hf1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #age4 ,,bolton1 ,t4 ,l41 on nature ( rhy?m1 #cic n4 ,,b[les1 ,w4 ,l43 ,sonnet1 #bgg992 sonnets (1 #bgh4 ,,bright1 ,j4 ,w41 on pit*-acc5t1 #e f42 !ory ( metrical acc5t1 #dja n4 ,,brome1 ,r41 blank v]se (1 #bcj4 ,,bronson1 on ,greek & ,engli% ode1 #cjj2 on odes ( ,coll9s1 #cje4 ,,br[n+1 ,e4 ,b43 ,c[p]'s ,grave1 #bfd992 ,rhyme ( ! ,du*ess ,may1 #hj992 ,sonnets f ! ,portuguese1 #bhc992 sonnets (1 #bhd4 ,,br[n+1 ,r43 ,abt ,vogl]1 #ej992 ,agamemnon1 #cbg f4992 blank v]se (1 #bdg-bdi2 ,caliban ^u ,setebos1 #ca f4991 #eg991 #ade f4992 ,cavali] ,tunes1 #dj992 ,epi/le ( ,k>%i%1 #bdh992 ,fif9e at ! ,fair1 #beg f4992 ,flight ( ! ,du*ess1 #abi992 ,fra ,lippo ,lippi1 #bdi992 ,gu>dian ,angel1 #ie992 ,h]etic's ,trag$y1 #ade992 ,9 a ,balcony1 #bdh992 ,love among ! ,ru9s1 #ij992 ,misconceptions1 #cg992 ,"o ,^w ,m1 #da992 ,pac*i>otto1 #abh f4992 ,p>acelsus1 #h991 #ei991 #ade992 ,prospice1 #bi991 #ej992 ,r+ & ! ,book1 #eg991 #ei991 #bdg992 ,saul1 #db992 sonnets (1 #bhf1 #bhg2 ,sordello1 #baa992 ,/atue & ! ,bu/1 #fg992 ,:y ,i am a ,lib]al1 #bhg994 ,b,,*]1 ,k43 ,labor & ,rhy?m1 #dcf n4 ,,burns3 ,auld ,lang ,syne1 #ba992 ,birks ( ,ab]feldy1 #gh992 ,bonnie ,doon1 #gj992 ,*evali]'s ,lam5t1 #ci992 ,cott]'s ,saturday ,night1 #ajd992 ,duncan ,gray1 #gi992 ,tam ,o',%ant]1 #aga992 ,to a ,l\se1 #hg994 ,,but*]1 ,s4 ,h41 on ,ari/otle's view ( metre1 #dac-daf4 ,,butl]3 ,hudibras1 #acg991 #afg994 ,,byron3 ,*ilde ,h>old1 #aje992 ,de/ruction ( ,s5na*]ib1 #ci992 ,don ,juan1 #ajj991 #abh992 d\ble rimes (1 #abh1 #abi2 ,engli% ,b>ds & ,scot* ,review]s1 #bjf992 ,f>ewell1 if ev]1 #ig992 ,francesca ( ,rim9i1 #fh992 ,prison] ( ,*illon1 #aga992 ,%e ,walks 9 ,beauty1 #ib992 ,song ( ,saul1 #dj992 ,/anzas = ,music1 #dd992 use ( ottava rima1 #aja4 ,,campion1 ,t43 ,anacreontics1 #bg992 ,iambic ,dimet]1 #ccd f4992 ,obs]vations 9 ! ,art ( ,engli% ,poesie1 #cce f42 ,tro*aic ,dimet]1 #cce994 ,,cann+3 ,rov]s1 #aca994 ,,cann+ 7& ,,fr]e73 ,sapphics1 #ccg994 ,canzone1 influ5ce (1 on ! sonnet1 #bfg4 ,,c>ew3 ,9 ,praise ( 8 ,mi/ress1 #hi994 ,,c>ey1 ,p43 ,triolet1 #chb f4994 ,catalexis1 #bb1 #be2 9 ! ode1 #cai4 ,,catullus1 metres (1 imitat$1 #cci4 ,caudat$ sonnet1 #bgf4 ,celtic v]se1 allit]ation 91 #aag2 assonance 91 #aae2 rime 91 #abd4 ,cesura1 #ag-ai2 9 alex&r9e1 #bec1 #beh2 k9ds (1 #ai4 ,*ant ,royal1 #cfg f4 ,,*apman3 ,all ,fools1 #bae992 ,hymn to ,cyn?ia1 #cdc992 ,iliad1 #bfb994 ,,*att]ton3 lla1 #gi991 #ajg f4992 8 v>iant ( ,sp5s]ian /anza1 #ajh4 ,,*auc]3 ,balade de bon conseyl1 #cfj;f4992 ,balade on ,g5tilesse1 #cfb2 ,balade to ,rosem\nd1 #cfb2 ,compla9t to 8 ,empty ,purse1 #cfb2 ,compleynt ( ,v5us1 #cfb2 ,compleynte unto ,pite1 #ic991 #agg1 #agh2 decasyllabic v]se (1 #agg-agi2 ,=tune1 #cfb2 free cesura 9 v]se (1 #ag2 ,fr5* lyrical =ms us$ by1 #cfb2 ,h\se ( ,fame1 #afe f4992 influ5ce on =m ( ,sp5s]ian /anza1 #ajc2 ,knights ,tale1 #ach f4992 ,lak ( ,/$fa/nesse1 #cfb2 ,leg5d ( ,good ,wom51 #agf99 7ballade 91 #cfb72 ,monk's ,tale1 #ig992 octosyllabic c\plet (1 #aff2 omission ( op5+ syllable 9 v]se (1 #bj2 on allit]ation1 #abj2 ,p>lem5t ( ,f\les1 #cfi992 p]fect rime 91 #aba n42 ,prologue1 #bj991 #agf992 ,prov]b1 #ga992 rime royal introduc$ by1 #id2 ,sir ,?opas1 #hd994 ,*evy ,*ase 7ballad71 #gj994 ,*oral odes1 #cbc-cbh4 ,*oriambus1 #djh4 ,cid1 ,poema del1 #aad994 ,classical metres1 imitations (1 #ccj-ceg4 ,,cl\gh1 ,a4 ,h43 ,bo?ie ( ,tob]-na-,vuoli*1 #cej992 hexamet] (1 #cea2 8 analysis ( a l9e ( blank v]se1 #djc4 ,,col]idge3 ,anci5t ,m>9]1 #acc991 #bfc992 ,*ri/abel1 #ae991 #dja992 ,fancy 9 ,nubibus1 #bif992 hexamet]s (1 #cdf2 8 !ory ( metre1 #dbj-dbb2 ,hymn be=e ,sunrise1 #bda992 ,hymn to ! ,e>?1 #cde f4992 ,kubla ,khan1 #ach991 #adg992 ,ode on ! ,dep>t+ ,ye>1 #caa992 on sonnet ( ,:ite1 #bha2 on sonnets ( ,b[les1 #bgh2 sonnets (1 #bif2 ,to a ,fri5d1 #ge994 ,,coll9s3 ,ode to ,ev5+1 #bdf2 ,ode to ,lib]ty1 #agj991 #cjc f4992 on v]se ( ,skelton1 #cb2 ,passions1 #caj994 ,common metre1 #bfa f4 ,confessio ,goliae1 #bei994 ,,congreve3 ,disc\rse on ,p9d>ic ,ode1 #cjb f42 ,p9d>ic ,ode1 #cja f4994 ,consonants1 z l5g!n+ ,engli% syllables1 #cif-cii4 ,,con/able3 ,diana1 #bgc4 ,,corson1 on blank v]se ( ,br[n+1 #bdg f42 on d\ble rime1 #abi f42 on ,9 ,memoriam /anza1 #gf f42 on ,mrs4 ,br[n+'s sonnets1 #bhd2 on ottava rima1 #ih1 #ii2 on rime1 #abb2 on ,sp5s]ian /anza ( ,keats1 #aje2 on v>iety 9 v]se movem5t1 #fa2 on v]se ( ,c[p]1 #bdj2 on ,wordswor?'s ,immortality ,ode1 #cac f4 ,,cotton1 ,c43 ,rondeau1 #cgb f4992 ,virelai (1 #che4 ,c\plet 7see "u ,decasyllabic & ,octosyllabic74 ,,c\r?ope1 on ,ari/otle's view ( metre1 #dae2 on ! sonnet1 #bfh1 #bgb2 on v]se-=m 9 poetry1 #dbi-dcb2 on v]se ( ,pope1 #bja2 on v]se ( ,surrey1 #baf4 ,,c[ley1 ,congreve on ! odes (1 #cjc2 introduction ( irregul> ode by1 #cjh2 ,resurrection1 #cjg f4992 ,solitude1 #hh994 ,c[leyan ode1 #bih1 #cjg-cbc4 ,,c[p]3 ,alex&] ,selkirk1 #cd992 anape/s (1 #ce2 blank v]se (1 #bdj f42 ,john ,gilp91 #bfd2 ,my ,m>y1 #gi992 on ,milton's v]se1 #eh f42 ,sonnet to ,mrs4 ,unw91 #bgh992 ,table ,talk1 #bje992 ,task1 #bci f4994 ,,crabbe3 ,bor\gh1 #bjf;f4994 ,,cra%aw3 ,wi%es = ! ,suppos$ ,mi/ress1 #fd994 ,creation & ,fall 7,my/]y ,play71 #ie994 ,cretic1 #ca4 ,cr[n ( ,sonnets1 #bge4 ,,cynewulf3 ,cri/1 #aaf992 ,el5e1 rime 91 #abf n42 ,riddle ( 7/rophic71 #fc n4 ,dactyl1 #bd4 ,dactylic v]se1 two-/ress1 #cj2 ?ree-/ress1 #cg2 f\r-/ress1 #dj2 five-/ress1 #db2 six-/ress1 #dd2 sev5-/ress1 #df2 eight-/ress1 #dh4 ,,daniel3 ,c>e-*>m] ,sleep1 #bia f4992 ,civil ,w>1 #ii992 ,def5ce ( ,rime1 #cc n42 ,delia1 #bgc1 #bib4 ,,dante1 t]za rima (1 #fe1 #fg-fi4 ,,dav5ant3 ,gondib]t1 #ga991 #gb4 ,,davies1 ,sir ,j43 ,nosce ,teipsum1 #gc4 ,decasyllabic c\plet1 #agd-bac2 ,*auc]'s1 #agg2 9 ,elizabe?an age1 #aij2 9 ! drama1 #aif-aii2 ( ! romantic poets1 #bji;f41 #bab2 ,sa9tsbury on qualities (1 #aid;f4 ,de ,muli]e ,sam>itana1 #bec994 ,,d5ham3 ,aga9/ ,love1 #fc992 ,coop]'s ,hill1 #aia;f4994 ,deo ,gracias1 #if994 ,deor's ,lam5t1 #fbn4 ,,de ,,qu9cey1 on ,milton's v]se1 #bccn4 ,desc5d+ rhy?m1 #be4 ,,des*amps1 #ceh4 ,,dobson1 ,a41 ballades (1 #cfg2 ,dance ( ,dea?1 #cfh2 on ,fr5* lyrical =ms1 #ceh;f42 on ottava rima1 #aja2 on ,pope1 #bjc2 ,rose ,leaves1 #cha;f4992 ,too ,h>d x is to ,s+1 #bfi;f4992 ,:5 ,i ,saw y ,la/1 ,rose1 #cgh992 ,) ,pipe & ,flute1 #cgd994 ,,donne1 critics on ! v]se (1 #ahc2 ,holy ,sonnets1 #bgd;f4992 influ5ce (1 on lyrical =ms ( #ag? c5tury1 #ij2 ,la ,corona1 #bge2 ,satires1 #ahc994 ,,d\glas1 ,g43 ,palace ( ,hon\r1 #aja991 #acc994 ,,d[d51 on ,%aksp]e's v]se1 #ahd4 ,drama1 rime 91 #ahd2 v]se (1 *>act]i/ic1 #cie4 ,,drayton3 ,ag9c\rt1 #hf992 ,am\ret ,anacreontic1 #bf992 ,idea1 #bgc1 #bic2 ,love's ,f>ewell1 #bib992 ,polyolbion1 #bef;f4994 ,,drummond1 ,w43 ,sonnet1 #bgd994 ,,dryd53 ,absalom & ,a*itophel1 #ef;f4991 #aic;f4992 ,alex&]'s ,fea/1 #caj2 ,all = ,love1 #aif1 #bcd992 ,annus ,mirabilis1 #gb992 blank v]se (1 #bcd;f42 ,conque/ ( ,granada1 #aif2 ,ev5+'s ,love1 #dj992 h]oic c\plet (1 #aid;f42 8 introduction ( rim$ dramatic v]se1 #aif-aii2 ,indian ,que51 #aif2 ,m>riage la ,mode1 #aie;f4991 #bcd992 ,ode = ,/4 ,cecilia's ,day1 imitat$ by ,"y1 #hh2 ,ode on ,mi/ress ,killigrew1 #cji;f4992 odes (1 #caj2 on h]oic /anza1 #gb2 on v]se ( ,d5ham & ,wall]1 #ahh2 on v]se ( ,donne1 #ahc2 ,song = ,/4 ,cecilia's ,day1 #eb;f4991 #adb994 ,,du ,,b>tas3 ,la ,premire ,sema9e1 #ah994 ,,dunb>3 ,lam5t = ! ,mak>is1 #gh992 rime royal (1 #id2 ,tua ,m>iit ,wem51 #aai;f4994 ,,edw>ds1 ,t41 sonnets (1 #bgg4 ,elegiacs 7hexamet] & p5tamet]71 #cdf1 #cee;f4 ,elev5 ,pa9s ( ,hell1 #afa4 ,,eliot1 ,,george3 ,spani% ,gypsy1 #bh991 #cg991 #aad994 ,elision1 #ei;f4 ,,ellis1 ,a4 ,j41 on degrees ( acc5t1 #c1 #dn4 ,,ellis1 ,r43 ,attis1 #cci992 ,hym5u ( ,catullus1 #cci992 on classical metres1 #cci4 ,end-/opp$ l9es1 #ai1 #ahg-aij4 ,enjambem5t1 #ai3 avoidance ( 9 h]oic v]se1 #ahg1 #bjb2 9 ,*auc]1 #agg2 9 c\plets ( ! romantic poets1 #bjh-bab2 9 ,milton1 #bcc2 9 ,%aksp]e's v]se1 #bbc4 ,,e!r$ge3 ,comical ,rev5ge1 #aif4 ,fair ,hel5 7ballad71 #i991 #gi994 ,f>m]'s ,compla9t1 #ad4 ,feet1 z measures ( v]se1 #bd2 comb9ations & sub/itutions (1 #di2 names (1 #bd1 #ee;f41 #djh;f4 ,fem99e end+1 #be1 #cc2 9 ,elizabe?an blank v]se1 #bbf-bbh4 ,fem99e rime1 #aba1 #abh;f4 ,,fitzg]ald3 ,rubiyt1 #gg994 ,five-/ress v]se1 #agd-bea2 e>ly examples (1 #age2 introduc$ by ,*auc]1 #agg4 ,,flet*]1 ,g43 ,lycia1 #bgc4 ,,flet*]1 ,j41 blank v]se (1 #bbf-bbh2 c\plets (1 #baj2 ,fai?ful ,%eph]dess1 #ahd;f4992 ,val5t9ian1 #bbe994 ,,flet*]1 ,j4 7& ,,%aksp]e73 ,two ,noble ,k9sm51 #he994 ,,flet*]1 ,j4 ,b41 on ,sp5s]1 #ag4 ,,flet*]1 ,p43 ,piscatory ,eclogues1 #ajg994 ,foot1 significance ( ! t]m1 #bd1 #cic-cie1 #djf-djh4 ,=tunae rota volvitur1 #bei994 ,f\r-/ress v]se1 #aea-agc4 ,fr5* alex&r9e1 relation to ,engli%1 #beb;f4 ,fr5* influ5ce1 on /anza =ms1 #fc1 #hb;f41 #aaj4 ,fr5* lyrical =ms1 imitation (1 #ceh-che4 ,fr5* v]se1 decasyllabic1 #agg;f42 influ5ce on h]oic c\plet1 #ahg1 #aij2 p]fect rime 91 #aba n42 regul> cesura 91 #ag1 #ah2 influ5ce on octosyllabic c\plet1 #aed1 #afj;f41 #afc n4 ,fr5* words1 acc5t (1 #aa4 ,,fr]e1 ,j4 ,h43 ,monks & ! ,giants1 #ajj994 ,,froiss>t1 #ceh4 ,galliambic v]se1 #cci4 ,gamm] ,gurton's ,ne$le1 #acc991 #aeg994 ,,gascoigne3 ,notes ( ,in/ruction cit$1 #ag1 #id n41 #bfe1 #bia n42 ,/eel ,glass1 #ah991 #bah4 ,,gascoigne 7& ,,k9welm>%e73 ,joca/a1 #bah4 ,,gay1 ,j43 ,fables1 #afh;f4994 ,g5esis & ,exodus1 #afb994 ,g]man hexamet]s1 influ5ce (1 #cde1 #cdi4 ,g]manic v]se1 allit]ation 91 #aaf;f42 avoidance ( syllable-c\nt+ 91 #aea2 irregul> "t-int]vals 91 #ab4 ,,glov]3 ,leonidas1 #bch4 ,,godric 7,,/473 ,sa9te ,m>ie1 #abf992 v]se (1 #afa4 ,god ,ureisun1 #aah994 ,,goe!1 hexamet]s (1 #cde1 #cdi2 8 view ( metre 9 ! drama1 #dah n4 ,,goldsmi?3 ,des]t$ ,village1 #bjd992 ,essay on ,v]sification1 #ccf2 on blank v]se1 #bje2 ,retaliation1 #ci994 ,,gollancz1 ,i41 on ! /anza ( ,! ,pe>l1 #aji4 ,,goodell1 ,t4 ,g43 ,quantity 9 ,engli% ,v]se1 #djf4 ,,gosse1 ,e43 ,aft] ,anyte ( ,tegea1 #cgj992 ,ballad ( ,dead ,cities1 #cfd992 on ,c[leyan ode1 #cji2 on decad5t blank v]se1 #bcj2 on ,dryd5's blank v]se1 #bce2 on h]oic /anza1 #gc2 on ode1 #bih2 on rime 9 ! drama1 #aig2 on sonnet ( ,wal%1 #bgg2 on v]se ( ,d5ham1 #aib2 on v]se ( ,goldsmi?1 #bjd2 on v]se ( ,oldham1 #aic2 on v]se ( ,p>nell1 #afh2 on v]se ( ,swift1 #agj2 on v]se ( ,wall] & contempor>ies1 #ahi1 #aij1 #aia n42 ,praise ( ,dionysus1 #cfh2 ,se/9a1 #chd f4992 ,villanelle1 #cgi f4994 ,,g[]1 ballades (1 #cfb2 ,confessio ,amantis1 #afe992 c\plets (1 #aff4 ,grace ( ,god1 #ga994 ,,graunson1 ,fr5* ballades (1 #cfb4 ,,gray3 ,b>d1 #cjg2 ,elegy 9 a ,*ur*y>d1 #gb992 on v]se ( ,dryd51 #aid2 ,progress ( ,poesy1 #cjf f4992 ,sonnet on ,we/1 #bie f4994 ,greek ode1 imitat$ 9 ,engli%1 #cjj1 #cbc-cbh4 ,,gre5e3 ,mor&o1 #bai4 ,,gre91 on ,rim+ ,poem1 #abf n4 ,,grimald3 ,dea? ( ,zoroas1 #bah4 ,,grimm1 on rime1 #abd4 ,,gue/1 on ,p\lt]'s ,measure1 #bfe2 on significance ( s\nds1 #acf4 ,,gumm]e1 ,f4 ,b41 on e>ly ,engli% five-/ress v]se1 #ahj2 on rhy?m 9 poetry1 #dcc-dcf4 ,,gurney1 ,e41 on ,br[n+'s rimes1 #abi f42 on ! function ( metre 9 poetry1 #dbg-dbi4 ,,hall1 ,j43 ,virgidemi>um1 #ahb991 #cdc994 ,,hammond1 ,j43 ,love ,elegies1 #gc4 ,,h>vey1 ,g41 influ5ce on imitation ( classical metres1 #ccb f4 ,havelok ! ,dane1 #afd994 ,,hawes1 rime royal (1 #id4 ,,hawtrey1 hexamet] (1 #cea1 #ceb991 #ced4 ,,hazlitt1 ,w41 on v]se-=m 9 poetry1 #dbc-dbe4 ,,hegel1 on metre 9 poetry1 #dbg4 ,heli&1 #abd4 ,,h5ley1 ,w4 ,e43 ,easy is ! ,triolet1 #cha992 ,villanelle1 #cgh f4992 ,ways ( ,dea?1 #cgj f4992 ,:at is to ,come1 #cge994 ,,h]b]t1 ,g43 ,gifts ( ,god1 #ij992 ,sonnet on ,s91 #bie994 ,,h]d]1 on rime1 #abc4 ,,h]5c3 ,doctr9al1 #beb4 ,,h]=d1 on v]se ( ,leigh ,hunt1 #bjh4 ,h]oic c\plet 7see ,decasyllabic c\plet74 ,h]oic /anza1 #ga-gc4 ,,h]rick3 ,8 ,poetry 8 ,pill>1 #bg992 ,8 ,recantation1 #bf992 ,?anksgiv+ to ,god1 #ij992 ,to ,julia1 #fd992 ,to ! ,l>k1 #bf992 ,^u 8 ,dep>ture1 #be994 ,hexamet] 7dactylic71 #cdj-cef4 ,hildebr&li$1 #abd1 #aeb4 ,,hill1 ,a43 ,praise ( ,blank ,v]se1 #bci n4994 ,,hobbes3 ,hom]1 #gc4 ,,holmes1 ,o4 ,w43 ,*amb]$ ,nautilus1 #ajh992 on h]oic c\plet1 #bjc n4 ,homoeoteleuton1 relation to rime1 #abe4 ,,hood1 ,t43 ,bridge ( ,sighs1 #cj991 #acj994 ,,horace1 /anza (1 imitat$1 #gg4 ,horatian ode1 #bih4 ,hudibra/ic c\plet1 #afg4 ,,hugo1 ,v41 pant\ms (1 #chf4 ,,hunt1 ,l41 on ,col]idge's v]se1 #af n42 on sonnets ( ,b[les1 #bgh2 on sonnets ( ,drummond1 #bgd2 on v]se-=m 9 poetry1 #dbe f42 ,/ory ( ,rim9i1 #bjg f4992 ,! ,fi% to ! ,man1 #bhc992 ,weal? & ,womanhood1 #bff994 ,hymn to ! ,virg9 7,bless$ beo ?u71 #bfj992 7,( on t is71 #hg994 ,hyp]metrical syllables1 #eh-fj4 ,iambic v]se1 "o-/ress1 #be2 two-/ress1 #bf f42 ?ree-/ress1 #cb f42 f\r-/ress1 #afj-agc2 five-/ress1 #agd-bea2 six-/ress1 #beb-beh2 sev5-/ress1 #dd f41 #bfj-bfd2 eight-/ress1 #df4 ,iambus1 #bd2 sub/itut$ = trisyllabic foot1 #fj4 ,inclusive rime1 #gd-gf4 ,,+el[1 ,j43 ,give u ,love & ,give u ,peace1 #di994 ,9 ,memoriam /anza1 #gf4 ,inv]sion ( acc5t1 #g1 #h1 #ee1 #ef1 #eg f4 ,italian sonnet1 #bfg-bga4 ,italian v]se1 influ5ce on ,*auc]1 #agh f42 rimes 91 #acj2 t]za rima d]iv$ f1 #fe4 ,,james ,i4 7( ,engl&73 ,reulis & ,cautelis cit$1 #id n41 #abj1 #aeg n4 ,,james ,i4 7( ,scotl&73 ,k+'s ,quhair1 #ic994 ,jesu = ?i mu*ele miht1 #aaa994 ,,johnson1 ,s43 ,london1 #bje2 on blank v]se1 #bje2 on ,c[leyan ode1 #cjh f42 on ,dryd5's ,killigrew ,ode1 #caj2 on tone-color1 #acg2 on v]se-=m 9 poetry1 #dag2 ,vanity ( ,human ,wi%es1 #bje4 ,,jonson1 ,b43 ,elegy1 #gd992 ,epigrams1 #ahe992 ,epitaph1 #ib992 ,epitaph on ,sala?iel ,pavey1 #ga992 ,fit ( ,rhyme aga9/ ,rhyme1 #abc2 influ5ce on classical s*ool ( v]se1 #ahf2 ,p9d>ic ,ode1 #bii f4992 ,sad ,%eph]d1 #bbe2 ,sejanus1 #bbd994 ,judas1 #bed4 ,,kawczynski1 on allit]ation1 #aag2 on orig9 ( alex&r9e1 #beb4 ,,keats3 ,*apman's ,hom]1 #bhb2 ,endymion1 #bji992 ,eve ( ,/4 ,agnes1 #aje992 ,gras%opp] & ,cricket1 #bhb992 ,hyp]ion1 #bdb992 ,isabella1 #ajj992 ,lamia1 #h992 ,m]maid ,tav]n1 #ch992 ,ode to ,psy*e1 #adc992 ,sonnets (1 #bhb2 ,sonnet to ,haydon1 #bb994 ,,k5t1 ,a4 ,j41 on v]se ( ,leigh ,hunt1 #bjh f4 ,k+ ,horn1 #aed994 ,,k+sley1 ,c43 ,&rom$a1 #ced994 ,,kipl+1 ,r43 ,la/ ,*antey1 #ba f4992 ,mulholl&'s ,contract1 #fe992 ,song ( ! ,engli%1 #di992 ,wolcott ,bale/i]1 #dd f4994 ,,kittr$ge1 ,g4 ,l41 on ,fr5* decasyllabic c\plet1 #agh4 ,,la*mann1 on ,anglo-,saxon v]se1 #aea f4 ,,l&or3 ,*ildr5 ,play+ 9 a ,*ur*y>d1 #fd992 ,engli% ,hexamet]s1 #cec992 on ,milton's sonnets1 #bgf4 ,,lang1 ,a43 ,ballade ( ,primitive ,man1 #cfe f4992 ,ballades ( ,blue ,*9a1 #cfc1 #cfe1 #cff2 on ,pope1 #bjb f4 ,,langl&3 ,pi]s ,pl[man1 #aai994 ,,langt(t1 ,p4 ,,de1 ,*ronicle (1 #hb4 ,,lani]1 ,s43 ,ballad ( ,trees & ! ,ma/]1 #aca992 8 !ory ( ,engli% v]se1 #cia-cic1 #djj2 ,sci5ce ( ,engli% ,v]se cit$1 #ba1 #di4 ,,l>m9ie1 ,w41 on assonance1 #aae2 on quantity 9 ,engli%1 #cii2 on rime1 #abc4 ,lat9 sept5>ius1 #bei2 relation to ballad metre1 #bfd4 ,lat9 v]se1 influ5ce on octosyllabic c\plet1 #afj;f42 influ5ce on /anza1 #fc2 rime 91 #abd f42 us$ ) ,anglo-,saxon1 #aec4 ,,layamon3 ,brut1 #aah991 #abg992 v]se (1 #aai4 ,lays1 f\r-/ress c\plet 91 #afd f4 ,,le ,,galli5ne1 ,r41 irregul> v]se (1 burlesqu$1 #cbi n4 ,leg5d-,cycle1 #bee4 ,,leg\is1 ,e41 on ,sp5s]'s v]se1 #ag4 ,l5t5 ys come1 #aaa994 ,,l5tzn]1 on ! sonnet1 #bfh1 #bhf1 #bhg4 ,leon9e rime1 #acb4 ,,lewis1 ,c4 ,m41 on octosyllabic c\plet1 #afj f42 on s\rces ( ,*auc]'s v]se1 #agi4 ,,liddell1 ,m41 8 !ories ( ,engli% v]se1 #cid f41 #dja n41 #djg4 ,,l9dsay1 ,d43 ,satyre ( ! ,?ree ,e/ates1 #he994 ,little ,so? ,s]mun1 #bfa4 ,,lloyd1 ,r41 v]ses aga9/ blank v]se1 #bci n4994 ,,lodge3 ,phyllis1 #bgc4 ,,lok1 sonnets (1 #bgc4 ,,longfell[3 ,evangel9e1 #cdh992 ,gold5 ,leg5d1 #dh991 #ea992 hexamet]s (1 #cdh f41 #cee2 ,hiawa?a1 #cg991 #djh2 ,maid5hood1 #fd992 ,saga ( ,k+ ,olaf1 #cj f4992 ,sonnets on ,div9a ,comm$ia1 #bhi994 ,love 9 ,idl5ess1 pant\m f1 #chf-chh994 ,,l[ell3 ,commemoration ,ode1 #cag992 on ,gray's ,progress ( ,poesy1 #cjg2 on ,sp5s]ian /anza1 #ajc4 ,,luick1 on revival ( allit]ative v]se1 #aef4 ,lutel wot hit anymon1 #agd f4994 ,,lydgate1 rime royal (1 #id4 ,,lyly3 ,woman 9 ! ,moon1 #bai4 ,lyrical v]se *>act]i/ic1 #cie4 ,lyrics1 complex measures ( e>ly ,engli%1 #aaj f4 ,,macaulay1 ,g4 ,c41 on v]se ( ,flet*]1 #bbg n4 ,,macdonald1 ,g43 ,triolet1 #chc994 ,,ma*ault1 #agh1 #ceh4 ,malaysian v]se1 pant\m d]iv$ f1 #chf4 ,,malh]be1 influ5ce on h]oic v]se1 #ahg4 ,,mann+1 ,r43 ,*ronicle1 #hb991 #bed992 ,h&ly+ ,synne1 #afc992 simplify+ ( ,fr5* metrical =ms by1 #hb f4 ,,m>l[e1 blank v]se (1 #bba2 c\plets (1 #baj2 ,fau/us1 #eg991 #bai f4992 ,h]o & ,le&]1 #aha991 #aij2 ,jew ( ,malta1 #aci992 ,tamburla9e1 #bai994 ,m>riage ( ,wit & ,sci5ce1 #bee f4994 ,,mason1 ,w41 sonnets (1 #bgg4 ,,mass+]1 blank v]se (1 #bcj2 ,new ,way to ,pay ,old ,debts1 #bbi994 ,,masson1 on ,milton's tail$ sonnet1 #bgf4 ,,mayor1 ,j4 ,b43 ,*apt]s on ,engli% ,metre cit$1 #dji2 on ,br[n+'s blank v]se1 #bdi2 on ,ellis's view ( acc5t1 #d n42 on sub/itutions ( feet1 #fj4 ,,m]$i?1 ,g43 ,pha?on1 #cci4 ,metre1 its place & function 9 poetry1 #dac-dcf4 ,metrical romances1 tail-rime 91 #hd4 ,,mey]1 ,c4 ,f41 on rime1 #abc1 #abd4 ,,middleton1 blank v]se (1 #bbh2 ,*angel+1 #bbg994 ,,mill1 ,j4 ,s41 on rhy?m 9 poetry1 #dcc4 ,,milton3 ,at a ,solemn ,music1 #cbi2 blank v]se (1 #bcb f42 ,il ,p5s]oso1 #aff f4992 ,l',allegro1 #ch992 ,lycidas1 #ii991 #adb992 ,nativity ,ode1 #cc991 #ajg992 ,on 8 ,bl9dness1 #bge992 ,on ,"t1 #cbi2 ,p>adise ,lo/1 #d991 #g991 #ae991 #eg991 #eh991 #ei991 #adj991 #ada991 #bcj f4992 ,passion1 #id2 ,psalm ,,ii41 #ff992 ,psalm ,,vi41 #gd992 ,samson ,agoni/es1 #bca f4991 #cbc-cbe992 ,sonnet on ,pi$mont ,massacre1 #ada992 sonnets (1 #bgf4 ,,m9ot1 ,l43 ,battle ( ,halidon ,hill1 #if994 ,mis=tunes ( ,ar?ur1 #bai4 ,,mit*ell1 ,s4 ,,weir3 ,psalm ( ! ,wat]s1 #cf994 ,,molza1 ,,francesco1 #baf4 ,monk's ,tale /anza1 #ig4 ,monologue d'outre ,tombe1 #chf994 ,,moody1 ,w4 ,v43 ,m5ag]ie1 #ia992 ,ode 9 ,"t ( ,hesitation1 #cba-cbc994 ,,moore1 ,t43 ,believe me1 if all ^? ende>+ "y *>ms1 #dj992 ,d[n 9 yon ,summ]vale1 #aba n4992 ,g ,:]e ,glory ,waits ,!e1 #cc f4994 ,,morris1 ,r41 on e>ly octosyllabic v]se1 #afb4 ,,morris1 ,w43 ,e>?ly ,p>adise1 #ic f4991 #agc992 ,fair ,spr+ ,morn+1 #cbi2 ,folk-,mote by ! ,riv]1 #aei992 ,jason1 #bac994 ,,m\lton1 ,r4 ,g41 on ,br[n+'s ,caliban1 #cb4 ,,m\sset1 classical metres (1 #cca4 ,music1 its relation to v]se1 #cia-cif1 #djg n41 #dac f41 #dcd-dcf4 ,mu/ ,i be ,c>ri$ to ! ,skies1 #bfb994 ,my/]y plays1 v]se (1 #id f41 #aab1 #bfe4 ,,na%1 ,t41 on ,engli% hexamet]s1 #cdb2 ,preface to ,m5aphon1 #bae4 ,ne mai no lew$1 etc41 #aji f4994 ,,newcom]1 ,a4 ,g41 on wr5*$ acc5t1 #aj4 ,,newman1 metre ( 8 ,iliad translation1 #bfb4 ,,nord51 on rime1 #abe4 ,norse v]se1 influ5ce on ,anglo-,saxon1 #abf2 /anza 91 #fc4 ,nutbr[ne ,maide 7ballad71 #acb994 ,,occleve1 rime royal (1 #id4 ,octosyllabic c\plet1 #afj-agc4 ,ode 7,!71 #bih-cbi4 ,,oldham1 ,j43 ,satires ^u ! ,jesuits1 #aib994 ,onomatopoeia1 #ace f4 ,ormulum1 #bfj994 ,o',,%aughnessy1 ,a43 ,f\nta9 ( ,te>s1 #cf994 ,,otfri$1 v]se (1 #abc1 #abd4 ,ottava rima1 #ih-aja2 possible s\rce ( sonnet1 #bfg4 ,,otway3 ,v5ice ,pres]v$1 #bce994 ,owl & ! ,night+ale1 #afb994 ,pant\m1 #che-chh4 ,,p>is1 ,g41 on ,ma*ault1 #agh4 ,,p>nell3 ,night-,piece on ,dea?1 #afh994 ,,pass]at1 ,j43 ,villanelle1 #cgg994 ,passion ( our ,"l1 #bed4 ,pat] ,no/]1 #afa994 ,pati5ce1 #aee994 ,,patmore3 ,amelia1 #cai n4992 ,ode1 #cah992 on ! ode1 #cai2 ,unkn[n ,eros1 #cai4 ,pauses1 #af-bc2 v>i$ to pres]ve metrical "t1 #djd f4 ,,payne1 ,j41 virelai (1 #che4 ,,peacock1 ,t4 ,l43 ,mis=tunes ( ,elph91 #cc994 ,pe>l1 ,!1 #aji994 ,,peck1 ,s4 ,m43 ,"u ! ,rose1 #chb994 ,,peele3 ,arraignm5t ( ,p>is1 #bah994 ,,petr>ca3 ,sonnet1 #bga994 ,phalcian v]se1 #cca1 #cch4 ,,philips1 ,j43 ,cid]1 #bch4 ,,phillips1 ,s43 ,m>pessa1 #bea2 ,paolo & ,francesca1 #bej f4994 ,phoenix1 #aec994 ,p9d>ic ode1 #bih1 #bii-cjg4 ,pit*-acc5t1 s-call$1 #e f4 ,,pitt1 ,w41 #aca n4 ,,poe3 ,l5ore1 #acd992 on ,engli% hexamet]1 #cdi2 ,rationale ( ,v]se1 #cib2 ,rav51 #dg994 ,poema ,morale1 #abg991 #bfj4 ,,pope1 ,a43 ,essay on ,criticism1 #ab991 #eg991 #adb991 #aii f4992 ,iliad1 #bjj f4992 on v]se ( ,d5ham & ,wall]1 #ahh2 on v]se ( ,dryd51 #aid2 rules ( v]se1 #bja f42 ,solitude1 #bg994 ,p\lt]'s ,measure1 #bee1 #bfe f4 ,pre-,raphaelites1 #aj4 ,pres]vation ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vii41 #cdc4 ,,prior3 ,bett] ,answ]1 #ci994 ,prov5al1 lyrical =ms (1 #ceh1 #chc4 ,,putt5ham1 ,g43 ,arte ( ,engli% ,poesie cit$1 #h n41 #ah1 #id n41 #ccd n4 ,pyrrhic1 #di1 #ee1 #ef4 ,quantity 9 ,engli%1 #cia-djf2 9 ,engli% v]se1 #ccj1 #ccb f41 #cch1 #ced f41 #cef1 #ceg4 ,quatra9s1 #fi-gg4 ,qu9que ,gaudia1 #he994 ,,raleigh1 ,w43 ,pilgrim to ,pilgrim1 #ce994 ,,ran*93 ,triolet1 #cha994 ,,read1 ,t4 ,b43 ,drift+1 #hh994 ,refra9 /anzas1 #gh-ij4 ,regulae de ,rhy?mis1 #ha994 ,rhy?m1 arts (1 #dac f42 *ange (1 #ec-ee1 #fa4 ,rhy?mus1 mean+ (1 #abd4 ,,ri*1 ,b43 ,don ,simonides1 #bai4 ,,rieg]1 on rime 9 ,anglo-,saxon1 #abf n4 ,rime1 #aac1 #aba-ace2 z organiz] ( /anza1 #fc2 brok51 #aca f42 def5d$ by ,daniel1 #ccf n42 fem99e1 #aba1 #abh f42 functions (1 #abb2 imp]fect1 #abb n42 9 ,butl]'s ,hudibras1 #afg f42 9 drama1 #aif-aii2 int]nal1 #acb-ace 79 ballads1 #gj2 9 ,middle ,engli% alex&r9es1 #bee2 9 sept5>y1 #bei-bfa72 objections to1 #abb f42 orig9 (1 #abc-abe2 suspect$ by classici/s1 #bad1 #bcb1 #ccj2 triple1 #aba1 #abh-aca4 ,rime c\e1 #hj-hf2 9 ,fr5*1 #ha2 9 ,lat91 #hj f4 ,rime royal1 #ic f42 9 ,*auc]'s ,balade1 #cfa4 ,rim+ ,poem 7,anglo-,saxon71 #abe f4994 ,,rob]t ,,( ,,gl\ce/]3 ,*ronicle1 #bfe4 ,,rob]tson1 ,j4 ,m41 8 !ories ( ,engli% v]se1 #bd n41 #cib-cid1 #djj1 #djc4 ,rob9 ,hood 7ballad71 #gj991 #bfc994 ,rol&1 ,*anson de1 #aac f4994 ,romance languages1 assonance 91 #aac4 ,romance metres1 regul> "t-int]vals 91 #ab1 #ad n4 ,rondeau1 #cfh1 #cga-cgf4 ,rondel1 #cfh-cga4 ,,rossetti3 ,ballad ( ,dead ,ladies1 #cfb f4992 ,bless$ ,damozel1 #g992 ,h\se ( ,life1 #bhd991 #bhe992 ,love's ,nocturn1 #adf992 ,my ,si/]'s ,sleep1 #ge992 on ,drayton's sonnet1 #bic2 ,p5umbra1 #ace992 ,rose ,m>y1 #ia992 ,si/] ,hel51 #hj992 sonnets (1 #bhe2 ,sunset ,w+s1 #hi992 ,to ,dea? 7rondeau71 #cgd992 ,will[wood1 #i994 ,r\ndel1 9 ,*auc]1 #cfi2 ,sw9burne's =m (1 #cgf4 ,,r[l&s1 ,s41 v]se (1 #aij4 ,run-on l9es1 #ai 7see also ,enjambem5t74 ,,russell1 ,t41 sonnets (1 #bgg4 ,,sackville3 ,mirror = ,magi/rates1 #id4 ,,sackville 7& ,,norton73 ,gorboduc1 #bag994 ,,sa9tsbury1 on alex&r9e1 #beh f42 on ,blair1 #bcg2 on ,dryd5's c\plet1 #aid f42 on ,dryd5's dactyls1 #dj2 on h]oic /anza1 #gc2 on ,%5/one1 #ce f42 on ,?omson1 #bch4 ,,s&ys1 ,g41 h]oic c\plets (1 #ahi f41 #aia2 influ5ce on ,pope's v]se1 #bja2 ,metamorphoses1 #aia992 ,p>aphrase ( ,luke1 #fc994 ,satire1 h]oic c\plet 91 #aha1 #ahb1 #ahc1 #bjf4 ,satire on ,p ( ,kild>e1 #ia994 ,sc&9avian v]se1 influ5ce 9 ,engl&1 #abf4 ,,s*ell+1 ,f4 ,e41 on ,campion's classical metres1 #cce f42 on influ5ce ( ,jonson's v]se1 #ahf2 on ,raleigh's anape/s1 #ce4 ,,s*ill]1 elegiac di/i* (1 #cdf2 on rhy?m 9 ! drama1 #dcc4 ,,s*ipp]1 on acc5t1 #c2 on ,anglo-,saxon allit]ation1 #aag2 on e>ly imitation ( classical v]se1 #ccj f42 on ,layamon1 #aai2 on ! octosyllabic c\plet1 #afa2 on ,p\lt]'s ,measure1 #bfe2 on rime1 #abc-abe2 on rime 9 ,cynewulf1 #abf n42 on rime royal1 #id2 on ,rim+ ,poem1 #abf2 on ,romance /anza-=ms1 #aaj f42 on ! sonnet1 #bgj2 on ! /anza1 #fb2 on tumbl+ v]se1 #aeh n42 on types ( alex&r9e1 #bee2 on unacc5t$ rime1 #aba n4 ,,s*legel41 ,a4 ,w41 on tone-color1 #acg4 ,,s*r,,er1 on e>ly blank v]se1 #bah4 ,,scoll>d1 ,c43 ,villanelle1 #chj994 ,,scott1 ,w43 ,hunt+ ,song1 #ac992 ,lady ( ! ,lake1 #bi991 #agb994 ,scotti% ,field 7ballad71 #abj f4994 ,scotti% v]se1 allit]ation 91 #abj4 ,sdruciolla1 #bae4 ,,seaman1 ,o43 ,battle ( ! ,bays1 #cbi n4994 ,sept5>y1 #bei-bfd2 9 drama1 #bah2 int]nal rime 91 #acb2 m+l$ ) alex&r9e1 #beb1 #bec f41 #bfa1 #bfe2 unrim$1 #bfj1 #bfb4 ,,s]af9o3 ,/rambotti1 #bgb4 ,se/9a1 #chc-che4 ,,%aksp]e3 ,z ,y ,l ,x1 #eg992 blank v]se (1 #bbc f42 ,h5ry ,v41 #adj992 h]oic v]se (1 #ahd2 ,x 0 a lov]1 etc41 #i992 ,julius ,cs>1 #eh992 ,k+ ,john1 #bj992 ,love's ,labor's ,lo/1 #ch991 #ahc f4992 ,macbe?1 #bj992 ,measure = ,measure1 #bj991 #bbb992 ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 #eg992 ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream1 #bf991 #ca991 #aci992 ,mu* ,ado1 #bae2 ,phoenix & ! ,turtle1 #fc991 #gd992 ,rape ( ,lucrece1 #ic992 ,ri*>d ,,ii41 #bj992 ,romeo & ,juliet1 #g991 #eg992 ,sonnets1 #bic991 #bid992 sonnets (1 #bid f42 ,tempe/1 #cg991 #bbb f4992 ,troilus & ,cressida1 #ach992 ,twelf? ,night1 #ea f4992 ,two ,g5tlem5 ( ,v]ona1 #bba992 ,v5us & ,adonis1 #ib994 ,,%aksp]e 7& ,,flet*]73 ,two ,noble ,k9sm51 #he994 ,,%>p1 ,w41 on ! sonnet1 #bfh n4 ,,%elley3 ,adonais1 #aje f4992 ,ala/or1 #bdc992 ,are?usa1 #bh992 ,epipsy*idion1 #baj992 ,flight ( ,love1 #ej f4992 h]oic v]se (1 #baj2 ,ode to ,naples1 #cad f4992 ,ode to ,we/ ,w9d1 #ff f4992 ,ozym&ias1 #bha f4992 ,que5 ,mab1 #cbi2 ,s5sitive ,plant1 #fi992 sonnets (1 #bhb2 ,to a ,skyl>k1 #cd992 use ( ,sp5s]ian /anza1 #ajf2 view ( v]se-=m 9 poetry1 #dbb f4 ,,%5/one1 h]oic /anza (1 #gc2 ,pa/oral ,ballad1 #ce992 ,s*oolmi/ress1 #ajd4 ,,%]man1 ,f4 ,d43 ,ballade to ,au/9 ,dobson1 #cff f4994 ,,sidney3 ,anacreontics1 #ccb992 ,asclepiadics1 #cca992 ,a/rophel & ,/ella1 #gd991 #gg991 #bef991 #bgb991 #bgc991 #bia992 ,dorus & ,zelmane1 #cdj f4992 hexamet]s (1 #cda2 ,mopsa1 #bff992 ,phaleuciakes1 #cca992 ,psalm ,,viii41 #fi992 sonnets (1 #bgc2 ,?yrsis & ,dorus1 #fe f4992 view ( v]se-=m 9 poetry1 #daf f4 ,,siev]s1 on ,anglo-,saxon v]se1 #aeb f42 on /anzaic & /i*ic v]se1 #fc4 ,sir ,fyrumbras1 #bfa994 ,sir ,gawa9 & ! ,gre5 ,knight1 #aji1 #aee f4994 ,,skalagrimsson1 ,egil1 #abf4 ,,skeat1 on s\rces ( ,*auc]'s c\plet1 #agh2 !ory ( ,engli% v]se1 #cid n4 ,,skelton3 ,colyn ,cl\te1 #cb992 rime royal (1 #id4 ,song ( ,songs 7,fr5* v]sion71 #ha994 ,sonnet1 #bfg-big2 bip>tite /ructure (1 #bfh1 #bgj1 #bhj1 #bhb1 #bhe1 #bhf1 #bij1 #bic2 ,engli% =m (1 #bij2 ,italian =m (1 #bgj2 reviv$ 9 #ah? c5tury1 #bgg2 sequ5ces1 #bgc2 ,t5 ,comm&m5ts (1 #bfh n4 ,sonnets on ! sonnet1 #bgh1 #bgi1 #bhd1 #bhh4 ,s\nd-qualities ( v]se made expressive ( s5se1 #ace-acg4 ,,s\!y3 ,curse ( ,kehama1 #cbi2 hexamet]s (1 #cdg f42 ,sapphics1 #ccg992 ,vision ( ,judgm5t1 #cdg994 ,spani% v]se1 #bh1 #aae2 assonance 91 #aad4 ,,sp$d+1 ,j41 on ,engli% hexamet]1 #cea4 ,,sp5s]3 ,amoretti1 #bic992 ,fa]ie ,que5e1 #ajb992 free cesura 91 #ag2 int]e/ 9 classical metres1 #ccb f42 ,"m ,hubb>d's ,tale1 #aha992 ,%eph]d's ,cal5d>1 #ae991 #hi991 #aeh f4991 #agi f4992 ,tetra/icon1 #ccb992 tumbl+ v]se (1 #aei2 unrim$ sonnets (1 #bai2 ,virgil's ,gnat1 #ih f4994 ,sp5s]ian sonnet1 #bic994 ,sp5s]ian /anza1 #ajb-ajf2 /anzas influ5c$ by1 #ajg f4 ,spondee1 #ef1 #eg4 ,,/anyhur/1 ,r43 neid1 #cda f4992 hexamet]s (1 #cdb f4 ,/anzas1 #fb-aab2 complex =ms (1 "u ,fr5* influ5ce1 #aaj2 =m$ by refra9s1 #gh2 h[ det]m9$ & describ$1 #fb2 tail-rime1 #hj-hf4 ,,/$man1 ,e4 ,c41 on rhy?m 9 poetry1 #dcb f4 ,,/5gel1 on ,fr5* alex&r9e1 #beb2 on ,fr5* decasyllabic v]se1 #agg f42 on octosyllabic v]se1 #afj4 ,,/etson1 ,c4 ,p43 ,a ,man ,mu/ ,live1 #cge f4994 ,,/ev5son1 ,r4 ,l41 on tone-color1 #ach4 ,/i*ic v]se1 #fb4 ,,/ill+fleet1 ,b41 sonnets (1 #bgg4 ,/ond wel1 mod]1 #hd994 ,,/one1 ,w4 ,j43 ,odyssey1 #cef992 on quantity 9 ,engli% v]se1 #cef f4 ,/ress 7see ,acc5t74 ,sub/itution ( feet1 #ee-fa4 ,,suckl+3 ,a ,soldi]1 #hf994 ,suete iesu1 k+ ( blysse1 #fi994 ,,surrey1 ,,e>l ,,(1 acc5ts 9 v]se (1 #aj2 neid1 #bae f4992 ,h[ no ,age is ,cont5t1 #bff992 inv5tor ( ,engli% sonnet1 #bij2 ,psalm ,,lv41 #bee992 ,re/less ,/ate ( a ,lov]1 #ga992 ,sonnet1 #bij992 v]se (1 #baf4 ,,swift3 ,dea? ( ,dr4 ,swift1 #afi f4994 ,,sw9burne3 ,armada1 #ea991 #acd992 ,atalanta 9 ,calydon1 #i991 #adf992 ,ballad ( ,franois ,villon1 #cfg992 ,birds1 #de992 ,c5tury ( ,r\ndels1 #db992 ,*oriambics1 #cdj992 ,dea? ( ,wagn]1 #fj992 ,g>d5 ( ,cymodoce1 #dc992 ,h5decasyllabics1 #cch2 ,hesp]ia1 #dd992 ,la/ ,oracle1 #dc992 ,laus ,v5]is1 #gh992 ,lep]1 #i992 ,m>*1 #ac991 #dh992 ,night 9 ,gu]nsey1 #dg992 on *oral ode ( ,milton1 #cbe2 on ,engli% hexamet]s1 #cec f42 on sonnets ( ,wordswor?1 #bhj2 ,on ! ,cliffs1 #cbi2 on ,:itman1 #dca n42 ,r\ndel1 #cgf992 ,sapphics1 #cdj992 ,seabo>d1 #ea992 ,song 9 ,season1 #bh992 ,?alassius1 #cbi2 ,tri/ram ( ,lyonesse1 #bab992 ,w9t] 9 ,nor?umb]l&1 #acj f4991 #adg994 ,syllable-c\nt+1 9 ,surrey's v]se1 #baf2 want (1 9 e>ly ,engli% v]se1 #af1 #aab1 #aea4 ,syllables1 artificially v>i$ 9 l5g? :5 9 metre1 #dja-djd2 k9ds ( acc5t$1 #c4 ,,symonds1 ,j4 ,a41 on blank v]se1 #bad1 #bcb1 #bcc2 ( #ah? c5tury1 #bci2 ( ,gorboduc1 #bag2 ( ,jonson1 #bbe2 ( ,keats1 #bdb2 ( ,m>l[e1 #bbj f42 ( ,%aksp]e1 #bbb2 ( ,t5nyson1 #bdf2 ( ,web/]1 #bbi2 on h]oic v]se ( ! romantic poets1 #baj2 ,sonnets on ! ,?\ght ( ,dea?1 #bhg f4994 ,tail$ sonnet1 #bgf4 ,tail-rime 7see ,rime c\e74 ,,taylor1 ,b43 ,home ,pa/orals1 #cdi992 ,national ,ode1 #cbj f4994 ,,taylor1 ,w41 on ,g]man & ,engli% hexamet]s1 #cde2 ,ossian's ,hymn to ! ,sun1 #cdd f4994 ,,t5 ,,br9k1 on ,anglo-,saxon v]se1 #aea f42 on ,*auc]'s v]se1 #agg1 #agh2 on e>ly five-/ress v]se1 #age2 on v]se ( c\rt romances1 #afd f42 on v]se ( ,k+ ,horn1 #aee4 ,,t5nyson3 ,alcaics on ,milton1 #ccg992 blank v]se (1 #bdf2 ,boadicea1 #cci2 ,break1 break1 break1 #ba992 ,*>ge ( ! ,light ,brigade1 #cj992 ,com+ ( ,ar?ur1 #adc2 ,daisy1 #gg2 elegiac di/i* (1 #cdf992 ,eno* ,ard51 #eh991 #ei991 #add992 ,g]a9t & ,enid1 #ei992 ,h5decasyllabics1 #ccg f4992 ,9 ,memoriam1 #ge f4992 ,locksley ,hall1 #ac991 #df f4992 ,lotos-,eat]s1 #ajf992 ,maud1 #cb991 #db991 #dc991 #eb991 #cag2 ,m]l9 & ,vivi51 #eh992 ,mont5egro1 #bhe f4992 ,nor!rn ,f>m]1 #dd992 ,,oenone1 #ei992 on ,engli% hexamet]s1 #cec2 on quantity 9 ,engli%1 #cch2 ,oriana1 #hj992 ,palace ( ,art1 #gd992 ,pass+ ( ,ar?ur1 #bdd992 ,pr9cess1 #h991 #eh991 #acd991 #add f4991 #bde991 #bdf992 ,que5 ,m>y1 #bde992 ,sapphics1 #cci992 sonnets (1 #bhf2 ,te>s1 ,idle ,te>s1 #bdf992 ,to ,maurice1 #gg992 ,two ,voices1 #fd992 ,vision ( ,s91 #da991 #ed f4992 ,well+ton ,ode1 #cae f4994 ,t]cets1 #fc-fi4 ,t]m9ology1 classical 9 ,engli% v]se1 #bd n41 #djf-dji4 ,t]za rima1 #fe-fi4 ,,?ack]ay1 irregul> v]se 9 ballads (1 #aeh n42 ,sorr[s ( ,w]!r1 #dg992 ,:at ,makes my ,he>t1 etc41 #acb994 ,,?omson1 z imitator ( ,sp5s]'s v]se1 #ajd2 ,ca/le ( ,indol5ce1 #ajc991 #adc992 ,seasons1 #bcg f4994 ,,?omson1 ,j43 ,city ( ,dreadful ,night1 #ie994 ,,tillbrook1 ,s41 on ,s\!y's hexamet]s1 #cdg n4 ,"t-elem5t 9 ,engli% v]se1 #cia-dji4 ,"t-int]vals1 #aa-bc2 irregul>1 #ac-af2 regul>1 #ab f42 ! basis ( metrical feet1 #djh4 ,,todhunt]1 on ,%elley's v]se1 #ajf4 ,,tolomei1 ,c41 #cca4 ,,toml9son1 on ! sonnet1 #bfg f4 ,tone-color1 #ace-adg4 ,tone-quality1 #aac-adg4 ,,tottel3 ,songs & ,sonnets1 #aj1 #hg991 #ih991 #bah1 #bff991 #bga991 #bij991 #cgb4 ,trial be=e ,pilate 7,my/]y ,play71 #aeg994 ,,triggs1 on v]se ( ,de ,muli]e ,sam>itana1 #bec f4 ,triolet1 #cha-chc4 ,triple end+s 9 ,elizabe?an drama1 #bbf-bbh4 ,triplet1 us$ 9 h]oic v]se1 #aie1 #bjh4 ,,triss9o1 ,g41 #bad1 #ccj4 ,tro*aic v]se1 two-/ress1 #bg f42 ?ree-/ress1 #cc f42 f\r-/ress1 #cg f42 five-/ress1 #da2 six-/ress1 #dc2 sev5-/ress1 #de1 #bei2 eight-/ress1 #df f4 ,tro*ee1 #bd2 sub/itut$ = iambus1 #eg f4 ,troy ,book1 #aef4 ,truncation1 #be1 #cc4 ,tumbl+ v]se1 #aeg f41 #aei2 relation to decasyllabic1 #agi f4 ,,turb]ville3 ,h]oical ,epi/les1 #bai4 ,,udall1 ,n43 ,ralph ,roi/] ,doi/]1 #ad994 ,,van ,,dyke1 ,h41 on ,t5nyson's ,well+ton ,ode1 #cag4 ,v>iety 9 v]se1 significant1 #fa4 ,v]s baf9s1 #cca4 ,v]s de socit1 #ci1 #cfe4 ,v]si sciolti1 #bad1 #ccj f4 ,villanelle1 #cgf-chj4 ,,villon1 #ceh1 #cfc1 #cfe1 #cfg1 #cgd4 ,virelai1 #che4 ,,voiture1 #ceh1 #cga2 ,rondeau1 #cga994 ,v[els1 long & %ort 9 ,engli%1 #cif f4 ,,wace1 ,brut1 #afj994 ,,wadd+ton3 ,manuel des ,pe*iez1 #afc n4994 ,,wall]3 ,battle ( ! ,summ] ,isl&s1 #ahg992 ,g1 ,lovely ,rose1 #hi992 influ5ce on h]oic c\plet1 #ahg-aij2 ,( ! ,dang] ( 8 ,maje/y1 etc41 #ahf994 ,,w>d1 on v]se ( ,c[p]1 #bdj4 ,,w>n]1 ,w43 ,albion's ,engl&1 #bfa994 ,,w>ton bro!rs1 reviv]s ( sonnet1 #bgg4 ,,w>ton1 ,t41 on v]se ( ,joseph ,hall1 #ahb2 ,sonnet on ,dugdale's ,mona/icon1 #bgf f4994 ,,watson 7( ,cambridge71 di/i* (1 #cda994 ,,watson1 ,t43 ,te>s ( ,fancy1 #bgc4 ,,watson1 ,w43 ,hymn to ! ,sea1 #cee992 ,sonnet on ,hi/ory1 #big992 ,sonnet to ! ,sultan1 #bhi994 ,,watts1 ,t41 on v]se-=m 9 poetry1 #dbf f42 ,sonnet's ,voice1 #bhh994 ,wayle :yte1 ,a1 #hf994 ,,webbe1 ,w43 ,disc\rse ( ,engli% ,poetrie cit$1 #df1 #ccd1 #cda1 #cdd2 ,eclogue ( ,v]gil1 #cdd992 ,sapphics1 #ccc994 ,,web/]3 ,du*ess ( ,malfi1 #bbh994 ,,w5dell1 ,b41 on ,%aksp]e's v]se1 #bbc f4 ,,:ite1 ,g41 on *ant royal1 #cfh2 on ,fr5* lyrical =ms1 #cei f4 ,,:ite1 ,j4 ,b43 ,sonnet to ,night1 #bha994 ,,:itman1 ,w41 v]se (1 #dca4 ,,wood1 ,h41 on ! h]oic c\plet1 #ahi f4 ,,woodb]ry1 on ! h]oic c\plet1 #bjg4 ,,wordswor?3 ,intimations ( ,immortality 7ode71 #cab f4992 ,i w&]$ lonely1 #ib992 ,norman ,boy1 #bfd992 on blank v]se1 #bcb2 on !ory ( metre1 #dag-dbj2 ,pet] ,bell1 #ia992 ,pet ,lamb1 #beg992 ,scorn n ! ,sonnet1 #bgi992 ,solit>y ,reap]1 #ig f4992 ,sonnet1 ,!1 #bgh f4992 sonnets (1 #bgh1 #bhj2 ,! ,_w is too mu* ) u1 #bgi f4992 ,t9t]n ,abbey1 #bdc992 ,:ite ,doe ( ,ryl/one1 #aga f994 ,,wyatt1 acc5ts 9 v]se (1 #aj f42 ,h[ to use ! c\rt1 #fe992 ,( 8 love t prick$ 8 f+]1 #ih992 ,o goodly h&1 #hg992 ottava rima introduc$ by1 #ih2 ,p[] ( ,love1 #if992 ,rondeau1 #cgb992 ,sonnet1 #bga992 sonnet introduc$ by1 #bgb2 text ( poems (1 #aj f42 ,! joy s %ort1 #bj992 ,torm5t ( ! ,unhappy ,lov]1 #aja f4992 unacc5t$ rime 91 #abb n4 ,,"y3 ,night ,?\ghts1 #bch2 ,ocean1 #hg f4992 /anza ( odes (1 #hh4