,,am]ican ,,r$ ,,cross ,,text-,,book ,,on ,,home ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,sick 999999 ,,delano ,,am]ican ,,r$ ,,cross ,,text-,,book ,,on ,,home ,,hygi5e ,,& ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,sick ,,by ,,jane ,a4 ,,delano1 ,r4 ,n4 ,*airman ( ! ,national ,committee1 ,r$ ,cross ,nurs+ ,s]vice2 ,director1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,nurs+1 ,am]ican ,r$ ,cross2 ,late ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,nurse ,corps1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a42 ( ! ,tra9+ ,s*ools = ,nurses1 ,bellevue ,hospital1 ,new ,york ,city2 & ( ! ,tra9+ ,s*ool = ,nurses1 ,hospital ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,philadelphia ,,revis$ ,,& ,,rewritt5 ,,by ,,anne ,,h]vey ,,/rong1 ,r4 ,n4 ,pr(essor ( ,public ,heal? ,nurs+1 ,simmons ,college1 ,bo/on ,?is is ! ,second ,edition ( ! ,am]ican ,r$ ,cross ,text-book 9 ,elem5t>y ,hygi5e & ,home ,c>e ( ! ,sick by ,jane ,a4 ,delano & ,isabel ,mc,isaac4 ,,prep>$ ,,= ,,& ,,endors$ ,,by ,,! ,,am]ican ,,r$ ,,cross ,,philadelphia ,p4 ,,blaki/on',s ,,son ,,co4 #ajab ,,walnut ,,/reet ,,copyright1 #aiah1 ,,by ,,am]ican ,,r$ ,,cross ,,! ,,maple ,,press ,,york ,,pa ,,preface ,to ! woman :o wi%es to protect h] family f prev5table diseases & is anxi\s to fit h]self 9 ! abs5ce ( a tra9$ nurse to give intellig5t c>e to ^? :o are sick1 ?is revision ( ! ,r$ ,cross text-book on ,elem5t>y ,hygi5e & ,home ,c>e ( ! ,sick is p>ticul>ly direct$4 ,x %\ld appeal to m5 & to wom5 :o are int]e/$ 9 ma9ta9+ ! heal? ( _! neighborhoods & communities & 9 af=d+ effective cop]ation to ! public heal? au?orities4 ,to tea*]s wi%+ to imp>t protective heal? in=mation to high s*ool pupils1 ! book also %\ld be useful z a class text z well z a guide4 ,! w>1 :i* has caus$ ! )drawal f private practice ( ?\s&s ( physicians & graduate nurses1 makes x peculi>ly important to ! nation = e adult to h s\nd k z to h[ to prev5t contagion & epidemics1 especially by precaution>y att5tion to home & local sanitation4 ,) nurses becom+ m difficult to secure1 ! safety ( ! family dem&s t "s memb] 9 ea* h\sehold "k en\gh ab\t elem5t>y nurs+ to make a pati5t com=table & to c>ry out accurately ! in/ructions ( ! physician4 ,! "w ( revision1 bas$ ^u ! late/ k ( hygi5e1 sanitation & me?ods ( home-nurs+ has be5 done by ,miss ,anne ,h]vey ,/rong1 ,pr(essor ( ,public ,heal? ,nurs+1 ,simmons ,college1 "u ! p]sonal direction ( ! au?or & ! ,national ,committee on ,r$ ,cross ,nurs+ ,s]vice4 ,! mat]ial has be5 pa9/ak+ly read by ,dr4 ,h4 ,w4 ,ruck] & ,dr4 ,taliaf]ro ,cl>ke ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,public ,heal? ,s]vice1 & ,lieut5ant ,colonel ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,connor1 ,m$ical ,corps1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army4 ,indebt$ness to ,dr4 ,h4 ,m4 ,mc,cracken1 ,presid5t ( ,vass> ,college & ,director ( ! ,r$ ,cross ,junior ,memb]%ip1 = 8 valuable sugge/ion z to adapt+ ! book = high s*ool use z well z = ! assi/ance r5d]$ by 8 ,dep>tm5t1 also is gladly ackn[l$g$4 ,j4 ,a4 ,d4 ,,ackn[l$gm5t ,i wi% to express my gratitude to ^? :o h s k9dly help$ 9 ! "w ( prep>+ ! pres5t edition4 ,?anks are especially due to ,pr(essor ,isabel ,/ew>t1 ,miss ,anna ,c4 ,jamme1 ,pr(essor ,curtis ,m4 ,hilli>d1 ,pr(essor ,maurice ,bigel[1 ,miss ,ka?>9e ,"l1 ,miss ,joseph9e ,goldm>k1 & ,miss ,evelyn ,walk]4 ,a4 ,h4 ,s4 ,,cont5ts ,,preface v ,,introduction xi ,,*apt] ,i ,,page ,,causes ,,& ,,prev5tion ,,( ,,sickness #a ,communicable diseases1 #a4 ,micro-organisms & bact]ia1 #a4 ,p>asites1 #c4 ,/ructure & developm5t ( p>asites1 #d4 ,bact]ia1 #d4 ,%ape1 #d4 ,size1 #e4 ,motion1 #e4 ,multiplication1 #e4 ,spores1 #g4 ,di/ribution1 #h4 ,protozoa1 #h4 ,visible p>asites1 #h4 ,transmission ( pa?og5ic organisms1 #i4 ,def5ses ( ! body1 #ab4 ,immunity1 #ac4 ,vacc9ation & inoculation1 #ae4 ,c>ri]s1 #ag4 ,non-communicable diseases1 #bj4 ,physical exam9ations1 #bb4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,heal? ,,& ,,! ,,home #bg ,h]$ity1 #bg4 ,hygi5e ( environm5t & p]son1 #bh4 ,v5tilation1 #bi4 ,light+1 #cb4 ,cleanl9ess ( h\ses1 #cc4 ,g>bage1 #cg4 ,insects1 #ch4 ,sewage1 #ci4 ,p]sonal cleanl9ess1 #da4 ,oral hygi5e1 #dd4 ,treatm5t ( tee?1 #df4 ,clo?+1 #dg4 ,food1 #dh4 ,elim9ation1 #eb4 ,re/ & fatigue1 #ec4 ,sleep1 #ee4 ,recreation1 #ee4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,babies ,,& ,,_! ,,c>e #fj ,gr[? & developm5t1 #fd4 ,av]age size1 #fd4 ,muscul> developm5t1 #fe4 ,developm5t ( special s5ses1 ( spee*1 ( tee?1 #ff4 ,normal excretions1 #fg4 ,clo?+1 #fh4 ,sleep1 #gj4 ,fre% air1 #gb4 ,diet1 #gb4 ,int]vals ( fe$+1 #gc4 ,wat]1 #ge4 ,wean+1 #ge4 ,nurs+ bottles & nipples1 #ge4 ,tables ( diet1 #gh4 ,ba?+1 #gh4 ,eyes1 #hj4 ,m\?1 #ha4 ,no/rils1 #ha4 ,g5ital organs1 #ha4 ,developm5t ( habits1 #hb4 ,ex]cise1 #hc4 ,play & toys1 #he4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,indications ,,( ,,sickness #hh ,objective symptoms1 #ib4 ,temp]ature1 #ib4 ,pulse1 #if4 ,respiration1 #ii4 ,g5]al appe>ance1 #ajj4 ,special s5ses1 #aja4 ,voice1 tongue1 ?roat1 gums1 #ajb4 ,c\gh1 #ajc4 ,appetite1 #ajc4 ,excretions1 #ajc4 ,loss ( weight1 #ajd4 ,sleep1 #ajd4 ,m5tal conditions1 #ajd4 ,subjective symptoms1 #aje4 ,pa91 #aje4 ,records1 #ajg4 ,tub]culosis1 canc] & m5tal illness1 #ajg4 ,tub]culosis1 #aji4 ,canc]1 #aaa4 ,m5tal illness1 #aab4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,equipm5t ,,& ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,sick ,,room #aag ,*oice ( a sick room1 #aah4 ,furni%+1 #abj4 ,v5tilation1 #abc4 ,heat+1 #abd4 ,light+1 #abd4 ,clean+1 #abf4 ,! att5dant1 #abg4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,b$s ,,& ,,b$mak+ #acb ,b$/eads1 #acc4 ,mattresses1 #ace4 ,c>e ( ! mattress1 #acf4 ,pill[s1 #acf4 ,protection ( ! mattress & pill[s1 #acg4 ,rubb] %eets & pill[-cases1 #ach4 ,%eets1 #aci4 ,draw %eets1 #aci4 ,pill[ cov]s1 #adj4 ,blankets1 #adj4 ,com=t]s & quilts1 #ada4 ,c\nt]panes1 #ada4 ,b$mak+1 #ada4 ,to make an unoccupi$ b$1 #adc4 ,to *ange a pati5t's pill[s1 #adf4 ,lift+ a pati5t 9 b$1 #adf4 ,to turn a pati5t 9 b$1 #adg4 ,to *ange %eets :ile pati5t is 9 b$1 #adg4 ,to move pati5t f "o b$ to ano!r1 #aej4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,ba?s ,,& ,,ba?+ #aed ,cleans+ ba?s1 #aed4 ,b$ ba?1 #aef4 ,c>e ( ! m\? & tee?1 #afj4 ,c>e ( ! hair1 #afc4 ,to wa% ! hair ( a b$ pati5t1 #afd4 ,hot foot-ba?s1 #afe4 ,cool sponge ba?1 #aff4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,appliances ,,& ,,me?ods ,,= ,,! ,,sick-,,room #afi ,devices to give support1 #agb4 ,b$pans1 #agf4 ,daily r\t9e 9 ! sick-room1 #agi4 ,"t = visitors1 #ahb4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,fe$+ ,,! ,,sick #ahg ,! dige/ive process1 #ahh4 ,fe$+ ! sick1 #aia4 ,liquid diet1 #aib4 ,semi-solid diet1 #aib4 ,light or convalesc5t diet1 #aic4 ,full diet1 #aic4 ,s]v+ food = ! sick1 #aie4 ,to fe$ a helpless pati5t1 #aig4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,m$ic9es ,,& ,,o!r ,,rem$ies #bjj ,action ( drugs1 #bjj4 ,amateur dos+1 #bjb4 ,pat5t rem$ies1 #bje4 ,adm9i/ration ( m$ic9e1 #bjf4 ,suppositories1 #bji4 ,enemata1 #baj4 ,sprays & g>gles1 #bac4 ,inhalation1 #bac4 ,inunction1 #bad4 ,h\sehold m$ic9e cupbo>d1 #bae4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,application ,,( ,,heat1 ,,cold ,,& ,,c\nt]-,,irritants #bbj ,inflammation1 #bbj4 ,hot applications1 #bbe4 ,dry heat1 #bbe4 ,moi/ heat1 #bbg4 ,/upes or hot fom5tations1 #bbi4 ,cold applications1 #bca4 ,dry cold1 #bca4 ,moi/ cold1 #bcb4 ,cold compresses = ! eyes1 #bcb4 ,c\nt]-irritants1 #bcc4 ,mu/>d pa/e1 #bcc4 ,mu/>d leaves1 #bcd4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,c>e ,,( ,,pati5ts ,,) ,,communicable ,,diseases #bcf ,incubation p]iod1 #bch4 ,c>e ( pati5ts ) colds or o!r slight infections1 #bch4 ,c>e dur+ m s]i\s infections1 #bdb4 ,*ildr5's diseases1 #bdf4 ,rules = isolation & exclusion f s*ool1 #bdg4 ,dis9fection1 #bdh4 ,c>e ( nose & ?roat dis*>ges1 #bdi4 ,c>e ( dis*>ges f ! b[els & bladd]1 #bdi4 ,ba? wat]1 #bej4 ,c>e ( ! h&s1 #bej4 ,c>e ( ut5sils1 #bea4 ,c>e ( l951 #bea4 ,dis9fection ( ! p]son1 #beb4 ,t]m9ation ( qu>ant9e1 #beb4 ,t]m9al dis9fection1 #bec4 ,fumigation1 #bed4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,common ,,ailm5ts ,,& ,,em]g5cies #beg ,conditions 9 :i* ! n]v\s sy/em is involv$1 #beg4 ,heada*e1 #beg4 ,sleeplessness1 #beh4 ,fa9t+1 #bei4 ,convulsions1 #bfj4 ,%ock1 #bfa4 ,/imulants1 #bfc4 ,sun/roke & heat exhau/ion1 #bfd4 ,conditions 9 :i* ! dige/ive tract is affect$1 #bfe4 ,nausea & vomit+1 #bfe4 ,hicc\gh1 #bfe4 ,di>rha1 #bff4 ,con/ipation1 #bff4 ,colic1 #bff4 ,conditions 9 :i* ! eyes or e>s are affect$1 #bfg4 ,/yes1 #bfg4 ,=eign bodies 9 ! eye1 #bfg4 ,disord]s affect+ ! e>s1 #bfh4 ,conditions 9 :i* ! sk9 is affect$1 #bfi4 ,prickly heat1 #bfi4 ,insect bites & /+s1 #bgj4 ,ivy poison+1 #bgj4 ,o!r em]g5cies1 #bgj4 ,*ills1 #bgj4 ,cr\p1 #bga4 ,ble$+1 #bgb4 ,treatm5t ( slight w\nds1 #bgb4 ,nose ble$1 #bgd4 ,pr(use m5/ruation1 #bge4 ,o!r injuries1 #bge4 ,spra9s1 #bge4 ,bruises1 #bgf4 ,burns & scalds1 #bgg4 ,bru% burn1 #bgh4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,special ,,po9ts ,,9 ,,! ,,c>e ,,( ,,*ildr51 ,,convalesc5ts1 ,,*ronics1 ,,& ,,! ,,ag$ #bhj ,*ildr51 #bha4 ,physical defects1 #bhc4 ,eye-/ra91 #bhd4 ,enl>g$ tonsils & ad5oids1 #bhd4 ,defective he>+1 #bhe4 ,defective tee?1 #bhf4 ,po/ure1 #bhf4 ,pr$isposition to n]v\sness1 #bib4 ,convalesc5t pati5ts1 #bid4 ,*ronic pati5ts1 #bii4 ,c>e ( ! ag$1 #cjc4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,que/ions ,,= ,,review #cab ,,app5dix #cai ,circul>s ( in=mation issu$ by ,division ( ,*ild ,hygi5e1 ,new ,york ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal?4 ,,gloss>y #cbf ,,index #cca ,,introduction ,heal? & sickness1 at all times mom5t\s factors 9 ! welf>e ( our nation1 n[ z nev] be=e are matt]s ( vital importance4 ,to w9 its victories bo? 9 peace & 9 w>1 ! nation ne$s all its citiz5s ) all _! p[]s1 & x is a matt] ( m ?an pass+ int]e/ t1 z cons]vative e/imates %[1 at lea/ ?ree p]sons out ( e hundr$ liv+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are con/antly incapacitat$ by s]i\s sickness4 ,9 #aiaj ^! s]i\sly sick p]sons numb]$ m ?an #c1jjj1jjj4 ,ev5 m significant1 p]haps1 is ! fact t at lea/ half ( our national sickness c\ld be prev5t$ if k & res\rces t we n[ possess 7 fully utiliz$4 ,! problem ( sickness is by no means peculi> to our own day & g5]ation4 ,x has be5 a m$ical1 a religi\s1 & a social problem 9 e age4 ,f ! "t ( ,job its mean+ has baffl$ philosoph]s2 f 8 day to ours ?\ghtful m5 h devot$ _! lives to se>*+ = causes & cures4 ,yet be=e ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury little progress 0 made1 ei!r 9 sci5tific treatm5t or 9 prev5tion ( disease4 ,! inv5tion ( ! microscope fir/ made possible a real und]/&+ ( sickness4 ,?r\gh ! microscope a new _w 0 reveal$1--a _w ( ! inf9itely small1 sw>m+ ) t9y =ms ( animal & vegetable life4 ,no "o1 h[ev]1 appreciat$ ! significance ( ^! hi!rto invisible plants & animals until ! latt] "p ( ! #ai? c5tury1 :5 ! great ,fr5* savant1 ,pa/eur1 prov$ t little vegetable =ms1 n[ call$ bact]ia1 cause putrefaction & f]m5tation1 & also c]ta9 diseases ( animals & man4 ,pa/eur's discov]ies 7 c>ri$ /ill fur!r by o!r sci5ti/s1 ) ! result t bact]iology has revolutioniz$ m$ic9e1 agriculture1 & _m indu/ries1 & has made possible ! brilliant a*ievem5ts ( mod]n sanit>y sci5ce4 ,= ! fir/ "t 9 hi/ory ! prev5tion ( epidemics has become possible1 & sickness is no long] reg>d$ z a puni%m5t = s94 ,actual c>e ( ! sick1 bo? 9 homes & 9 hospitals1 has always be5 "o ( ! responsibilities ( wom54 ,! fir/ g5]al public hospital 0 built 9 ,rome 9 ! #d? c5tury aft] ,*ri/ by ,fabiola1 a patrician lady4 ,!re %e nurs$ ! sick ) h] own h&s1 & f h] day to ours ext5ds an unbrok5 l9e ( devot$ wom51 h&+ d[n ?r\gh ! c5turies _! tradition ( compassionate nurs+ s]vice4 ,x rema9$ = ,flor5ce ,night+ale1 h[ev]1 to give to ! tra9+ its te*nical & sci5tific f\ndation1 & ?us to f\nd ! pr(ession ( nurs+4 ,z a result ( h] "w1 effectiv5ess 0 add$ to ! _s ( s]vice1 t _s :i* inspires ! mod]n nurse no less ?an 9 an e>li] day x inspir$ ! ,si/]s ( ,*>ity :o di$ nurs+ ! w\nd$ on ! battlefields ( ,pol&4 ,b diff]5t g5]ations h diff]5t ne$s1 & to meet !m ! _s ( s]vice mu/ manife/ itself 9 widely v>y+ ways4 ,! sick ne$ c>e today no less ?an !y did :5 ,/4 ,elizabe? ba!d ! feet ( ! lep]s2 b su* limit$ s]vice1 h[ev] beautiful1 is no long] en\gh4 ,today we s]ve be/ by prev5t+ sickness4 ,cure ( sickness & alleviation ( suff]+ mu/ nev] be neglect$2 n 9 cure1 h[ev]1 b 9 prev5tion lies ! hope ( mod]n sanit>y sci5ce1 ( mod]n m$ic9e1 & ( mod]n nurs+4 ,ne>ly e woman at "s "t 9 h] life is call$ ^u to assi/ 9 c>+ = ! sick4 ,inde$1 approximately #ij ( all sick p]sons 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are c>$ = at home1 ev5 9 cities :]e hospital facilities are good4 ,moreov]1 e woman is l>gely responsible = ma9ta9+ h] own heal?1 & few escape responsibility at "s "t = ma9ta9+ ! heal? ( o!rs4 ,= su* responsibility mo/ wom5 are poorly prep>$4 ,e ye> 9 our own c\ntry ?\s&s ( p]sons1 _m ( !m babies & *ildr51 die m]ely because someone1 9 _m cases a woman1 is fatally ignorant ( ! laws gov]n+ sickness & heal?4 ,only prolong$ & c>eful tra9+1 su* z good hospital tra9+-s*ools af=d1 c furni% ! skill & judgm5t requir$ 9 nurs+ p]sons :o are s]i\sly ill4 ,^u ! tra9$ nurse ! mod]n practice ( m$ic9e makes great & ev]-increas+ dem&s3 a nurse mu/ p]=m complicat$ duties1 meet critical situations1 & c>ry out a wide v>iety ( measures bas$ on sci5tific pr9ciples :i* %e mu/ und]/&4 ,good w & sympa?y are no long] en\gh2 amateur nurs+1 ev5 :5 p]=m$ ) ! be/ int5tions1 may involve grave dang]s = ^? :o are s]i\sly ill4 ,on ! o!r h&1 al?\gh x is true t a little k is a dang]\s ?+1 x is no less true t total ignorance may be m dang]\s /ill4 ,= in/ance1 9 cases ( incipi5t1 slight1 or *ronic illness1 & 9 c]ta9 em]g5cies a little k may be saf] f> ?an no k at all2 & no "o1 surely1 %\ld be ignorant ( ! pr9ciples ( hygi5e4 ,! ,am]ican ,r$ ,cross1 recogniz+ ! "p t wom5 c & %\ld play 9 prev5t+ sickness & 9 build+ up ! heal? & vigor ( ! nation1 has add$ to its l>g] patriotic s]vices ?is elem5t>y c\rse ( in/ruction 9 hygi5e & home c>e ( ! sick4 ,! lessons are n int5d$ to take ! place ( a nurse's tra9+1 & proc$ures requir+ te*nical skill are necess>ily omitt$4 ,! object ( ! book is to supply a little k ( sickness1 :i* ?\gh limit$ may yet be safe4 ,! book is also design$ to set =? "s g5]al laws ( heal?2 to make possible e>li] recognition ( symptoms2 to tea* great] c>e 9 gu>d+ aga9/ communicable disease2 & to describe "s elem5t>y me?ods ( c>+ = ! sick1 :i*1 h[ev] simple1 are ess5tial to com=t1 & sometimes inde$ to ultimate recov]y4 ,,= ,,fur!r ,,read+ ,a ,hi/ory ( ,nurs+--,dock & ,nutt+1 ,volume ,i4 ,! ,life ( ,flor5ce ,night+ale--,cook4 ,! ,life ( ,pa/eur--,vall]y-,radot4 ,! ,h\se on ,h5ry ,/reet--,wald4 ,public ,heal? ,nurs+--,g>dn]1 ,"p ,i1 ,*apt]s ,i-,,iii4 ,orig9 & ,gr[? ( ! ,heal+ ,art--,b]doe4 ,m$ical ,hi/ory f ! ,e>lie/ ,times--,)+ton4 ,"u ! ,r$ ,cross ,flag--,bo>dman4 ,report on ,national ,vitality--,fi%]1 7,bullet9 #cj ( ! ,committee ( ,"o ,hundr$ on ,national ,heal?4 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 ,wa%+ton74 ,,*apt] ,i ,,causes ,,& ,,prev5tion ,,( ,,sickness ,diseases ( two k9ds h long be5 recogniz$3 fir/1 ^? transmitt$ directly or indirectly f p]son to p]son1 l smallpox1 measles1 & typhoid fev]2 & second1 diseases l he>t disease & apoplexy1 :i* are n s transmitt$4 ,^! two classes are popul>ly call$ cat*+ & n cat*+2 ! =m] are ! infecti\s or communicable diseases1 & ! latt] ! non-infecti\s or non-communicable4 ,! t]m contagi\s1 =m]ly appli$ to diseases suppos$ to be spread only by direct contact1 is no long] an accurate or useful t]m4 ,,! ,,communicable ,,diseases ,! inv5tion ( ! microscope1 z we h se51 reveal$ ! exi/5ce ( innum]able little plants & animals1 s small t ev5 _m millions cr[d$ toge!r are invisible to ! nak$ eye4 ,^! t9y liv+ creatures are call$ micro-organisms or g]ms4 ,! plant =ms are call$ bact]ia 7s+ul>1 bact]ium71 & ! animal =ms protozoa 7s+ul>1 protozon74 ,! common belief t all or ev5 mo/ bact]ia are h>mful is q unf\nd$4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 :ile n less ?an #aejj diff]5t k9ds ( micro-organisms or g]ms are kn[n1 only ab\t #ge v>ieties are kn[n to produce disease4 ,mo/ bact]ia belong to ! class ( micro-organisms call$ saprophytes1 :i* f9d _! food 9 dead organic matt]1 bo? animal & vegetable1 & _c fl\ri% 9 liv+ tissues4 ,^! saprophytes act ^u ! tissues ( dead animals & vegetables1 & resolve !m into simpl] sub/ances1 :i* are !n ready to s]ve z n\ri%m5t = plants high] 9 ! vegetable k+dom4 ,?us ! processes :i* we "k z f]m5tation & putrefaction are due to ! action ( saprophytes4 ,high] plants 9 turn furni% food = m5 & animals1 & s ! food supply is us$ ov] & ov] 9 diff]5t =ms1 mak+ :at is kn[n z ! food cycle4 ,if x 7 n = bact]ial activities vegetation w\ld be robb$ ( its supply ( n\ri%m5t1 & plant life w\ld spe$ily end2 de/ruction ( plant life w\ld deprive ! animal k+dom ( food & ?us all life w\ld become ext9ct4 ,! saprophytes are consequ5tly ess5tial to ! exi/5ce ( bo? animals & vegetables4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 o!r organisms call$ p>asites1 :i* c exi/ 9 liv+ tissues ( animals or vegetables4 ,! organisms at ^: exp5se ! p>asites live are call$ _! ho/s4 ,p>asites n only contribute no?+ to _! ho/s1 b g5]ally h>m !m by produc+ poison\s sub/ances or depriv+ !m ( food4 ,"s p>asites are able to lead a saprophytic exi/5ce also1 b z a rule !y live at ! exp5se ( animal or plant life4 ,pa?og5ic1 or disease-produc+1 g]ms belong to ! gr\p ( p>asites4 ,! pa?og5ic g]ms :i* f9d favorable soil 9 ! body produce poisons call$ tox9s4 ,^! poisons or tox9s int]f]e ) ! bodily functions1 & ?us cause :at we "k z communicable disease4 ,communicable diseases are caus$ by specific g]ms only3 t is1 a c]ta9 disease _c develop unless its p>ticul> g]ms are pres5t2 ! g]ms ( typhoid = in/ance1 c cause typhoid fev] only1 & n tub]culosis or o!r disease4 ,a numb] ( diseases are caus$ by micro-organisms t are n[ well kn[n4 ,*ief among ^! diseases are colds1 septicmia 7blood poison+71 influ5za1 pneumonia1 diph!ria1 typhoid fev]1 tub]culosis1 :oop+ c\gh1 ,asiatic *ol]a1 bubonic plague1 m5+itis1 tetanus 7lock jaw71 leprosy1 gonorrha1 syphilis1 relaps+ fev]1 typhus fev]1 gl&]s1 & an?rax4 ,micro-organisms n yet id5tifi$ probably cause ! communicable diseases ^: orig9 is n kn[n ) c]ta9ty4 ,^! include infantile p>alysis1 smallpox1 sc>let fev]1 measles1 mumps1 *ick5-pox1 ,rocky ,m\nta9 spott$ fev]1 yell[ fev]1 hydrophobia 7rabies71 foot-&-m\? disease4 ,we c h>dly d\bt t ! int5sive laboratory rese>* n[ 9 progress w reveal 9 ! ne> future ! specific g]ms ( ^! diseases also4 ,,/ructure ,,& ,,developm5t ,,( ,,p>asites ,! gr\p ( p>asites consi/s ( two g5]al classes1 ! vegetable1 & ! animal4 ,9 ! =m] class belong ! bact]ia1 & 9 ! latt] ! protozoa4 ,! two classes are n %>ply diff]5tiat$1 b 9 g5]al ! vegetable p>asites are less highly organiz$ ?an ! animal4 ,,bact]ia ,,%ape4--,bact]ia are compos$ ( s+le cells & are consequ5tly call$ unicellul> organisms4 ,"u ! microscope individual cells are se5 to diff] 9 size1 %ape1 & /ructure4 ,9 %ape bact]ia %[ ?ree diff]5t types2 ! rod-%ap$ 7bacillus71 ! sph]ical 7coccus71 & ! spiral 7spirillum74 ,! organisms caus+ typhoid fev] = example are a v>iety ( bacilli1 ^? caus+ pneumonia are cocci1 :ile ^? caus+ ,asiatic *ol]a are spirilla4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--;,,bacilli ,,( ,,v>i\s ,,=ms4 7,williams47 ,,size4--,bact]ia v>y greatly 9 size4 ,av]age rod-%ap$ bact]ia are ab\t #a_/bejjj ( an in* long1 b !re are und\bt$ly organisms s small t !y _c be se51 ev5 by means ( ! /ronge/ microscopes we n[ possess4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/aphylococci4 ,,/reptococci4 ,,diplococci4 ,,tetrads4 ,,s>c94 ,,fig4 #b4--7,williams47 ,,motion4--,! p[] ( motion 9 c]ta9 species ( bact]ia is due to hair-l app5dages call$ flagella4 ,^! flagella by a la%+ movem5t some:at resembl+ ! action ( o>s enable ! organisms to move ?r\gh fluids4 ,,multiplication4--,aft] bact]ia h fully develop$1 ea* cell divides into two equal p>ts2 ! process ( division is call$ fission4 ,ea* ( ^! two p>ts rapidly gr[s into a full-siz$ organism4 ,!n fission aga9 takes place1 s t f\r bact]ia replace ! orig9al "o4 ,9 ea* ( ! f\r1 fission occurs aga91 & s ! process ( multiplication cont9ues4 ,z bact]ia develop !y gr\p !mselves 9 *>act]i/ic ways4 ,"s1 l ! /reptococci1 arrange !mselves 9 *a9s2 ! diplococci1 9 pairs2 ! tetrads1 9 gr\ps ( f\r2 o!rs 9 packets call$ s>c91 & /ill o!rs1 ! /aphylococci1 =m masses suppos$ to resemble bun*es ( grapes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--,,spirilla ,,( ,,v>i\s ,,=ms4 7,williams47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4--;,,bact]ia ,,%[+ ,,flagella4 7,williams47 ,"u favorable conditions fission occurs rapidly2 9 "s types a new g5]ation may appe> z (t5 z e #ae m9utes4 ,enorm\s multiplication w\ld result if no?+ occurr$ to *eck ! process4 ,b 9 nature su* increase nev] cont9ues unh9d]$1 & bact]ia1 act+ ^u _! food sub/ances1 produce acids & o!r mat]ials injuri\s to !mselves4 ,fur!rmore1 lack ( prop] food1 moi/ure1 or favorable temp]ature1 & competition ) o!r organisms t5d to prev5t _! unre/rict$ gr[? & multiplication4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4--;,,bact]ia ,,) ,,spores4 7,williams47 ,,spores4--,mo/ bact]ia die if conditions become unfavorable to _! gr[?1 b "s ent] into a re/+ /age4 ,?is /age is *>act]iz$ by ! developm5t ( r\nd or oval gli/5+ bodies call$ spores1 :i* are ( d5se /ructure & possess an extraord9>y p[] to )/& heat1 *emicals1 & unfavorable surr\nd+s4 ,except 9 r>e in/ances a s+le cell produces b "o spore4 ,z soon z favorable conditions ( temp]ature1 moi/ure1 & food supply are re/or$1 ! spore develops into ! active =m ( ! g]m2 x may1 h[ev]1 rema9 dormant = mon?s or ye>s4 ,spore =mation1 h[ev]1 occurs 9 only a v few v>ieties ( pa?og5ic bact]ia4 ,,di/ribution4--,bact]ia are v widely di/ribut$ 9 nature2 !y are 9 fact f\nd practically ev]y:]e on ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,!y are pres5t 9 plants & wat] & food2 on fabrics & furniture1 walls & floors2 & !y are f\nd 9 great numb]s on ! sk91 hair1 _m muc\s surfaces1 & o!r tissues ( ! body4 ,,protozoa ,! protozoa are ! l[e/ gr\p ( ! animal k+dom4 ,l bact]ia !y are compos$ ( s+le cells s small z to be visible only "u ! microscope4 ,!y play an important "p 9 caus+ c]ta9 diseases ( man1 especially 9 ! tropics4 ,among ! well-kn[n human diseases ( protozoan orig9 are mal>ia1 amoebic dys5t]y1 & sleep+-sickness4 ,protozoa also cause sev]al wide-spread & s]i\s plagues ( dome/ic animals4 ,,visible ,,p>asites ,a few diseases are caus$ by p>asites l>ge en\gh to be se5 ) ! nak$ eye4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important is hookworm disease4 ,?is disease is caus$ by a t9y worm :i* p5etrates ! victim's sk9 & ultimately f9ds its way into ! inte/9e4 ,o!r diseases also are caus$ by p>asitic worms1 su* z tapeworms1 p9worms1 & tri*94 ,! latt] are acquir$ z a result ( eat+ infect$ meat1 p>ticul>ly infect$ pork t has n be5 ?or\ghly cook$4 ,,transmission ,,( ,,pa?og5ic ,,organisms ,pa?og5ic or disease produc+ organisms ne$ = _! developm5t food1 moi/ure1 d>kness1 & w>m?1 conditions t exi/ )9 ! human body4 ,:5 "o or m ( ^! factors is unfavorable1 developm5t ( g]ms is *eck$2 if unfavorable conditions are extreme or long cont9u$1 ! organisms beg9 to die4 ,x is difficult to say at exactly :at mom5t !y w die if depriv$ ( moi/ure or expos$ to extremes ( temp]ature or o!r unfavorable conditions1 j z x w\ld be impossible to /ate at exactly :at mom5t a collection ( h\se plants w\ld all be dead if wat] 7 )held1 or if ! room temp]ature 7 greatly r$uc$4 ,mo/ pa?og5ic organisms1 h[ev]1 d n fl\ri% long outside ! body1 & owe _! cont9u$ exi/5ce to a fairly direct transf] f p]son to p]son4 ,!y ga9 access to ! body ?r\gh muc\s surfaces su* z ! respiratory & dige/ive tracts1 & ?r\gh breaks 9 ! sk91 su* z cuts1 abrasions1 & ! bites ( c]ta9 insects4 ,!y leave ! body *iefly 9 ! nasal & m\? dis*>ges1 z 9 c\gh+1 sneez+1 & spitt+1 9 ! ur9e & b[el dis*>ges1 & 9 pus or matt]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 7,l4 ,h4 ,wild]47 ,! problem ( controll+ communicable diseases1 consequ5tly1 lies 9 prev5t+ ! bodily dis*>ges ( "o p]son f travell+ directly into ! body ( ano!r4 ,if a p]son is n expell+ pa?og5ic g]ms1 x is cle> t he _c pass diseases on to o!rs4 ,b bo? pa?og5ic & h>mless g]ms foll[ ! same r\tes f p]son to p]son1 s t safety z well z dec5cy lies 9 prev5t+ s f> z possible all ex*anges ( bodily dis*>ges4 ,!re are five r\tes by :i* ! bodily dis*>ges mo/ frequ5tly travel f "o p]son to ano!r4 ,f\r ( ^! r\tes ( infection are call$ public1 because 9 mo/ cases ef=ts ( individuals alone are n suffici5t to control !m4 ,! public r\tes are wat]1 milk1 food1 & insects4 ,! fif?1 or private r\te1 includes all means by :i* fre% dis*>ges ( "o p]son are pass$ to ano!r1 z :5 nose & m\? dis*>ges are c>ri$ 9 c\gh+1 sneez+1 & kiss+1 or :5 b[el & bladd] dis*>ges are c>ri$ by ! h&s4 ,^! five r\tes 9 a giv5 case diff] greatly 9 relative importance1 b ! fif?1 or direct r\te plays an imm5se "p1 al?\gh its importance 9 caus+ sickness has only lately be5 recogniz$4 ,x _c be too /rongly emphasiz$ t ! *ief ag5t 9 ! spread ( human diseases is man himself1 & ! human h& is ! great c>ri] ( disease g]ms bo? to & f ! body4 ,if unclean h&s c\ld be kept away f ! orifices ( ! body1 p>ticul>ly ! m\?1 _m diseases w\ld soon cease to exi/4 ,def5ses ( ! ,body ,9 view ( all ! dang]s f disease-produc+ g]ms x may seem surpris+ t ! human race has n long ago succumb$ to its invisible enemies4 ,b ! body has v>i\s def5ses by means ( :i* x may prev5t invasion1 or successfully combat its enemies 9 case !y d ga9 access4 ,! unbrok5 sk9 is usually impassable to bact]ia4 ,virul5t organisms are (t5 f\nd ^u ! sk9 ( p]fectly heal?y p]sons1 :]e !y appe> to be h>mless unless an abrasion occurs :i* af=ds entrance into ! deep] tissues4 ,mo/ bact]ia brea!d 9 ) ! air cl+ to ! moi/ surfaces ( ! air-passages & nev] rea* ! lungs4 ,muc\s membranes l9+ ! m\? & o!r cavities ( ! body w\ld prove favorable sites = ! gr[? ( bact]ia if ! mucus secret$ by !m 7 n frequ5tly remov$4 ,! m\? ( a heal?y p]son may conta9 bact]ia ( _m k9ds1 b ! saliva has a slight dis9fectant p[] & s]ves z a con/ant wa% to ! membranes4 ,! normal ga/ric 7/oma*7 juice is decid$ly unfavorable to ! gr[? ( bact]ia1 al?\gh x does n always kill !m2 !y (t5 pass ?r\gh ! /oma* & are f\nd 9 l>ge numb]s 9 ! inte/9es4 ,o!r bodily secretions1 su* z ! te>s & p]spiration1 t5d to disc\rage bact]ial gr[?4 ,tissues ( ! body v>y greatly 9 _! p[] to resi/ invad+ g]ms1 s t ! r\te by :i* g]ms ent] influ5ces ! sev]ity ( _! effects4 ,typhoid bacilli & ! spirilla ( ,asiatic *ol]a :5 tak5 ) food or wat] produce f> m s]i\s di/urbances ?an :5 inject$ "u ! sk92 infections f pus g]ms ?r\gh an abrasion ( ! sk9 may result 9 a slight local di/urbance1 :ile ! same am\nt introduc$ into a deep] w\nd might cause a fatal infection4 ,c]ta9 g]ms n\ri% 9 c]ta9 tissues only2 ev5 tub]culosis1 :i* attacks practically all tissues1 has its favorite locations4 ,,immunity4--,9 addition to its me*anical def5ses aga9/ disease1 ! body %[s a v>y+ degree ( immunity1 or ! p[] possess$ by liv+ organisms to resi/ infections4 ,immunity or resi/ance is ! opposite ( susceptibility4 ,x is exce$+ly v>iable1 be+ great] or less 9 diff]5t p & "u diff]5t conditions1 b ! exact ways 9 :i* x is br\ght ab\t are /ill 9 _m cases f> f cle>4 ,immunity may be natural or acquir$4 ,by natural immunity is meant an inh]it$ *>act]i/ic by :i* all individuals ( a species are immune to a c]ta9 disease4 ,! natural immunity ( c]ta9 species ( animals to ! diseases ( o!r animals is well kn[n4 ,man is immune to _m diseases ( l[] animals1 & !y 9 turn are immune to _m diseases ( man4 ,cattle1 = in/ance1 are immune to typhoid & yell[ fev]1 :ile man %[s high resi/ance to r9d]pe/ & ,texas fev]2 bo?1 h[ev]1 are susceptible to tub]culosis1 to :i* goats are immune4 ,!re are all gradations ( immunity )9 ! same species4 ,moreov]1 c]ta9 individuals h a p]sonal immunity aga9/ diseases to :i* o!rs ( ! same race or species are susceptible4 ,immunity may be acquir$ 9 sev]al ways4 ,x is commonly kn[n t "o attack ( c]ta9 communicable diseases r5d]s ! individual immune = a v>y+ l5g? ( "t1 & sometimes = life4 ,among ^! diseases are smallpox1 measles1 :oop+-c\gh1 sc>let fev]1 infantile p>alysis1 typhoid fev]1 *ick5-pox1 & mumps2 erysipelas & pneumonia on ! o!r h& appe> to dim9i% resi/ance & to leave a p]son m susceptible to lat] attacks4 ,aga91 9 "s cases immunity may be artificially acquir$ by introduc+ c]ta9 sub/ances into ! body to increase its resi/ance4 ,examples ( ?is me?od include ! use ( antitox9 z a protection aga9/ diph!ria1 ( s]a 9 pneumonia & o!r infections1 & vacc9ation aga9/ smallpox & typhoid fev] :]eby a slight =m ( ! disease is artificially induc$4 ,laboratory rese>* goes on con/antly1 & d\btless _m m sub/ances w ev5tually be discov]$ t w r$uce human mis]y z vacc9es & antitox9 h already r$uc$ x4 ,vacc9ation & inoculation h sav$ ?\s&s ( lives4 ,smallpox1 once m preval5t ?an measles1 0 ! sc\rge ( ,europe until vacc9ation 0 introduc$4 ,dur+ ! #ah? c5tury x 0 e/imat$ t #fj1jjj1jjj p di$ ( x1 & at ! beg9n+ ( ! #ai? c5tury "o-fif? ( all *ildr5 born di$ ( smallpox be=e !y 7 #aj ye>s old4 ,9 c\ntries :]e vacc9ation is n practis$ ! disease is z s]i\s z ev]2 9 ,russia dur+ ! five ye>s f #ahic-ig1 #bge1ejb p]sons di$ ( smallpox1 :ile 9 ,g]many :]e vacc9ation is compulsory1 only #h p di$ ( x dur+ ! ye> #ahig4 ,dea? rates f diph!ria & typhoid fev] h be5 greatly r$uc$ by ! use ( antitox9 & antityphoid vacc9e4 ,?us 9 ,new ,york ,/ate 9 #ahid1 be=e antitox9 0 g5]ally us$1 #ii out ( e #ajj1jjj ( ! population di$ ( diph!ria1 :ile only #bj out ( #ajj1jjj di$ ( x 9 #aiad4 ,9 #aiaa a ,unit$ ,/ates ,army ,division ( m ?an #ab1jjj m5 camp$ at ,san ,antonio1 ,texas1 = f\r mon?s4 ,all ( ^! m5 7 vacc9at$ aga9/ typhoid fev] & only a s+le case occurr$ dur+ ! summ]1 al?\gh conditions ( camp life always t5d to spread ! disease4 ,:ile _m & v>i\s factors t5d to l[] resi/ance r ?an to increase x1 ! idea t ^! factors act equally 9 all k9ds ( infection is errone\s4 ,! pr9cipal causes :i* dim9i% resi/ance to infection are3 wet & cold1 fatigue1 insuffici5t or unsuitable food1 vitiat$ atmosph]e1 insuffici5t sleep & re/1 worry1 & excesses ( all k9ds4 ,! me*anism by :i* ^! v>y+ conditions l[] our immunity mu/ receive our att5tion1 = !y are ( ! greate/ importance 9 prev5tive m$ic9e4 ,x is a matt] ( common obs]vation t exposure to wet & cold or sudd5 *anges ( temp]ature1 ov]work1 worry1 /ale air1 poor food1 etc41 make u m liable to contract c]ta9 diseases4 ,! tub]culosis propag&a t has be5 spread broadca/ ) su* en]gy & good effect has taught ! value ( fre% air & sun%9e1 good food1 & re/ 9 increas+ our resi/ance to ?is infection4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a wrong impression abroad t because a l[]+ ( ! g5]al vitality favors c]ta9 diseases1 su* z tub]culosis1 common colds1 pneumonia1 septic & o!r infections1 x plays a simil> rle 9 all communicable diseases4 ,_m infections1 su* z smallpox1 measles1 yell[ fev]1 tetanus1 :oop+-c\gh1 typhoid fev]1 *ol]a1 plague1 sc>let fev]1 & o!r diseases1 h no p>ticul> relation :atev] to bodily vigor4 ,^! diseases (t5 /rike d[n ! "y & vigor\s 9 ! prime ( life4 ,! mo/ robu/ w succumb quickly to tub]culosis if he receives a suffici5t dose ( ! virul5t micro-organisms4 ,a good physical condition does n always temp] ! virul5ce ( ! disease2 on ! contr>y1 _m infections run a p>ticul>ly sev]e c\rse 9 /rong & heal?y subjects1 &1 contr>iwise1 may be mild & b5ign 9 ! feeble4 ,physical weakness1 !re=e1 is n necess>ily synonym\s ) increas$ susceptibility to all infections1 al?\gh true = "s ( !m4 ,9 o!r words1 'g5]al debility' l[]s resi/ance 9 a specific1 r ?an 9 a g5]al1 s5se4--7,ros5au3 ,prev5tive ,m$ic9e & ,hygi5e1 pp4 #djc & #djd47 ,,c>ri]s ,well p]sons :o c>ry 9 _! bodies pa?og5ic g]ms b :o !mselves h no symptoms ( disease are call$ c>ri]s4 ,?us typhoid c>ri]s h typhoid bacilli 9 ! inte/9al tract1 :ile !y !mselves %[ no symptoms ( typhoid fev]2 diph!ria c>ri]s h bacilli ( diph!ria 9 ! ?roat or nose1 b h !mselves no symptoms ( diph!ria1 & s on4 ,x has n[ be5 prov$ t _m pati5ts h>bor bact]ia = weeks1 mon?s1 or ev5 ye>s foll[+ an infection1 & are dang]\s di/ributors ( disease2 also1 "s heal?y individuals )\t a hi/ory ( illness h>bor liv+ bact]ia :i* may infect susceptible p]sons 9 ! usual ways4 ,transmission by heal?y c>ri]s goes f> to expla9 ! occurr5ce ( diseases among p]sons :o h app>5tly n be5 expos$4 ,?is explanation has greatly cl>ifi$ ! :ole problem ( ! spread ( communicable diseases4 ,c>ri]s1 un=tunately1 exi/ 9 l>ge numb]s1 & r5d] ! ultimate control ( disease exce$+ly difficult4 ,!y c usually be id5tifi$ by bact]iological te/s4 ,to "s ext5t !y c be sup]vis$2 food h&l]s at lea/ %\ld be legally oblig$ to submit to physical exam9ations1 & %\ld be lic5s$ only :5 prov$ free f communicable disease4 ,diseases are also spread by p]sons suff]+ f !m 9 a =m s mild or s unusual t !y pass unrecogniz$4 ,^! p]sons are kn[n z miss$ cases4 ,c>ri]s ( disease & miss$ cases g freely ab\t ! community1 h&l+ food1 us+ common dr9k+ cups1 travell+ 9 cr[d$ /reet c>s1 /&+ 9 cr[d$ %ops2 9 v>i\s ways com+ into close contact ) o!r p1 c\gh+ & sneez+ & kiss+ _! fri5ds no less (t5 ?an normal individuals4 ,x is consequ5tly cle> t ! bodily dis*>ges ( suppos$ly normal p]sons may be h>dly less a m5ace ?an ^? ( p]sons kn[n to be infect$4 ,diseases t dep5d = transmission ^u milk1 wat]1 food1 & insects may be controll$ by public action1 t is1 by specific measures tak5 by a l>ge gr\p ( p 9 ord] to protect ! individual4 ,su* action con/itutes public sanitation4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a l>ge gr\p ( diseases1 *iefly sputum-borne1 t _c be controll$ except by individual action4 ,su* individual action con/itutes a l>ge "p ( p]sonal hygi5e4 ,! :ole problem ( controll+ infections s\nds simple1 dep5d+ z x does = ! mo/ "p ^u unpollut$ wat]1 milk1 & food1 ext]m9ation ( c]ta9 insects1 & cleanl9ess 9 p]sonal behavi\r4 ,9 practice ! problem is n s easy4 ,public sanitation has p]=m$ miracles 9 ! pa/1 & w d mu* 9 ! future2 behavi\r1 h[ev]1 w cont9ue to be influ5c$ by _m factors1 social & economic z well z p]sonal4 ,ignorance ( ! laws ( heal? is an ob/acle to progress1 b 9 mod]n conditions ev5 ! in/ruct$ may be unable to control _! ways ( liv+ & work+4 ,inde$1 su* control is at pres5t limit$ to ! privileg$ few4 ,on ! ignorant & ! poor1 ^? lea/ able to be> x1 society loads ! heavie/ burd5 ( sickness4 ,only :5 ignorance & pov]ty are aboli%$1 z "o day !y w be1 c ! f9al /age be rea*$ 9 ! fight = public heal?4 ,,! ,,non-,,communicable ,,diseases ,9 ?is gr\p is includ$ a great v>iety ( maladies4 ,( "s ! causes are kn[n1 :ile 9 ! case ( o!rs1 orig91 prev5tion1 & rem$y are /ill obscure4 ,"h belong defects 9 /ructure ( ! body1 bo? h]$it>y & acquir$2 insanity & o!r n]v\s diseases2 new gr[?s1 l tumors & canc]2 di/urbances ( bodily processes1 z malnutrition & g\t2 & ! important class ( deg5]ative diseases1 l art]ioscl]osis1 9 :i* tissues become h>d5$ & fibr\s & h5ce less able to p]=m _! normal functions4 ,! deg5]ative diseases are play+ a m5ac+ "p 9 national heal?4 ,! av]age l5g? ( life 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates has %[n a m>k$ increase x is true1 dur+ ! la/ #dj ye>s4 ,b ?is ga9 repres5ts *iefly ! sav+ ( life ?r\gh prev5tion ( communicable diseases1 especially among babies & *ildr52 among p :o h pass$ ! #cj? ye> on ! o!r h&1 dea? rates are actually increas+4 ,?is increase is mo/ m>k$ aft] ! age ( #de1 & is caus$ *iefly by ! increase ( canc]1 & ( deg5]ative diseases ( ! he>t1 blood vessels1 & kidneys4 ,deg5]ation ( tissues is normally a condition typical ( old age1 & 9 ag$ p]sons x may occur 9 any tissue4 ,!re is no elixir ( y\?1 & = old age !re is no cure4 ,b ! important facts 9 ?is connection are t deg5]ative *anges n[ occur prematurely1 & t among a va/ numb] ( p1 9 v>i\s classes ( society & v>i\s occupations1 ! vital organs %[ a m>k$ t5d5cy to break d[n aft] ! age ( #de4 ,?is condition is n inevitable4 ,be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t w>1 dea? rates at all ages 7 decreas+ 9 ,engl&1 ,sw$51 & o!r ,european c\ntries4 ,9 ,am]ica also deg5]ative diseases c be *eck$ or prev5t$ to a l>ge ext5t1 & x is highly important t _! causes %\ld be g5]ally und]/ood4 ,! two gr\ps foll[+ include "s ( ! probable causes3 #a4 ,conditions ( life :i* result 9 cont9u$ ov]work1 & m5tal ov]work 9 p>ticul>2 worry1 excitem5t1 insuffici5t recreation & ex]cise1 & o!r k9ds ( n]v\s /ra9 typical ( mod]n life1 especially 9 cities4 #b4 ,irritat+ sub/ances 9 ! body1 includ+ poison\s sub/ances result+ f infecti\s diseases1 & f syphilis 9 p>ticul>2 poisons f *ronic infections1 alcohol1 & indu/rial poisons su* z lead & o!r metals2 ov]eat+ & improp] eat+1 especially ( meat & o!r prote9s1 & ri* or highly season$ food2 faulty dige/ion1 con/ipation1 & imp]fect elim9ation ?r\gh ! kidneys4--7,see ,dr4 ,a4 ,e4 ,%ipley1 9 bullet9 ( ! ,n4 ,y4 ,city ,dept4 ( ,heal?1 ,feb41 #aiae47 ,! importance ( e>ly recognition _c be ov]emphasiz$4 ,9 _m ( ^! tr\bles ! symptoms are n pron\nc$1 & ! victims h no k ( _! condition until !y happ5 to be exam9$ = life insurance1 or until ! disease is f> advanc$4 ,& ev5 :5 !y realize t tr\ble exi/s1 z = example con/ipation or ov]work1 mo/ p absolutely fail to realize h[ s]i\s ! consequ5ces may be4 ,! fir/ /ep t[>d rem$y is p]iodic complete physical exam9ation by a compet5t physician1 9 ord] to le>n 9 "t h[ to prev5t ^! deg5]ative diseases1 if pres5t1 f gr[+ worse4 ,! cu/om ( und]go+ an annual physical exam9ation is becom+ m common1 & su* a c\rse1 cons]vatively e/imat$1 w\ld add #e ye>s to ! av]age life ( p]sons betwe5 #de & #ej4--7,w9sl[47 ,rec5tly1 we h be5 mak+ exam9ations ( ! employees ( :ole in/itutions1 l>ge banks & o!r indu/rial conc]ns 9 ,new ,york ,city1 & we f9d almo/ ! same conditions !re4 ,out ( #bjjj su* exam9ations among "y m5 & wom5 ( an av]age age ( #cc1 j 9 ! e>ly prime ( life1 m5 & wom5 suppos$ly pick$ because ( _! especial fitness = "w1 only #c4ad 7 f\nd free ( impairm5t or ( habits ( liv+ :i* are obvi\sly lead+ to impairm5t4 ,( ! rema9+ p]sons1 #if4fi 7 unaw>e ( impairm5t2 #e4ch ( ! total numb] exam9$ 7 affect$ ) *ronic he>t tr\ble2 #ac4aj ) art]ioscl]osis2 #be4ha ) high or l[ blood pressure2 #ce4fe ) sug>1 ca/s or album5 9 ! ur9e2 #ab4gg ) comb9ation ( bo? he>t & kidney disease2 #bb4bb ) decay$ tee? or infect$ gums2 #af4jc ) faulty vision uncorrect$4444 ,! fact ( greate/ import1 h[ev]1 0 t impairm5t1 suffici5tly s]i\s to ju/ify ! exam9] 9 ref]r+ ! exam9ee to 8 family physician = m$ical treatm5t1 0 f\nd 9 #ei ( ! total numb] ( cases1 :ile #cg4hf 7 on ! road to impairm5t because ( ! use ( too mu* alcohol1 or too mu* tobacco1 con/ipation1 eye-/ra91 ov]weight1 diseas$ m\?s1 errors ( diet1 & s =?4444 ,& :at is ! cause ( ?is appall+ increase1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ( ^! & o!r deg5]ative diseases8 ,i believe x c be %[n to ! satisfaction ( any reasonable p]son t ! increase is l>gely due to ! neglect ( individual hygi5e 9 ,unit$ ,/ates4444 ,if a man 7 sudd5ly afflict$ ) smallpox or typhoid fev] or any o!r acute malady1 he w\ld lose no "t 9 gett+ exp]t advice & apply+ e kn[n means to save 8 life4 ,b 8 life may be ?reat5$ j z s]i\sly1 ?\gh possibly n s imm95tly1 by art]ioscl]osis1 he>t disease1 or ,bright's disease1 & he w d no?+ to prev5t ! encroa*m5t ( ^! diseases until x is too late1 b w cont9ue to eat z he pleases1 dr9k z he pleases1 smoke z he pleases1 or ov]work1 & worry himself into a premature grave4--7,cons]vation ( ,life at ,middle ,age1 ,pr(4 ,irv+ ,fi%]1 ,am4 ,j\rnal ( ,public ,heal?1 ,july1 #aiae47 ,p]iodic physical exam9ations are z necess>y = *ildr5 z = adults1 9 ord] to detect physical defects4 ,^! defects are kn[n to h su* an imm5se be>+ ^u heal? t r\t9e exam9ations ( all *ildr5 h become an integral "p ( ! "w ( enlight5$ public s*ools4 ,prev5tion ( deg5]ative disease1 !n1 z well z ( ! enorm\s numb]s ( prev5table accid5ts & injuries1 dep5ds 9 l>ge measure ^u prop] liv+ conditions & prop] p]sonal habits4 ,! infecti\s diseases1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,hill1 co/ u annually at lea/ #aj billion doll>s 9 addition to ! loss ( life1 & he adds3 ,! infecti\s diseases 9 g5]al radiate f & are kept go+ by wom54--7,hill-- ,new ,public ,heal?1 p4 #cj47 ,wom51 x is true1 c prev5t _m ( ! infections1 b !y c d /ill m1 = hygi5ic habits to be effective mu/ be acquir$ e>ly1 & mo!rs & tea*]s1 because !y h practically ! entire control ( *ildr51 h ! p[] to prev5t _m cases ( deg5]ative z well z ( communicable disease4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,di/+ui% betwe5 communicable & non-communicable disease4 #b4 ,describe ! "p play$ by micro-organisms 9 caus+ disease4 #c4 ,describe ! /ructure ( bact]ia & _! me?od ( multiplication4 #d4 ,9 :at ways are pa?og5ic g]ms transmitt$ f p]son to p]son8 #e4 ,^u :at prev5tive measures does ! control ( communicable diseases dep5d8 #f4 ,:at is meant by immunity8 #g4 ,aga9/ :at diseases may immunity be acquir$ artificially8 ,h[ has ! practice ( immuniz+ affect$ dea? rates f communicable diseases8 #h4 ,:at factors t5d to l[] resi/ance8 ,d !y act equally 9 ! case ( all diseases8 #i4 ,def9e a c>ri]1 & expla9 ! importance ( c>ri]s 9 ! spread ( disease4 #aj4 ,"n "s ( ! *>act]i/ics & causes ( deg5]ative diseases4 #aa4 ,:om d ! deg5]ative diseases mo/ commonly affect8 #ab4 ,describe me?ods t %\ld be employ$ to prev5t deg5]ative diseases4 ,,= ,,fur!r ,,read+ ,! ,new ,public ,heal?--,hill1 ,*apt]s ,i-,,ix4 ,heal? & ,disease--,rog] ,i4 ,lee1 ,*apt]s ,,xv-,,xxiv4 ,pr9ciples ( ,sanit>y ,sci5ce & ! ,public ,heal?--,s$gwick1 ,*apt]s ,i1 ,,ii1 ,,iii4 ,sci5tific ,features ( ,mod]n ,m$ic9e--,fr$]ic ,s4 ,lee1 ,*apt]s ,,ii1 ,,iv-,,vi4 ,disease & ,its ,causes--,c\ncilman1 ,*apt] ,i4 ,prev5tive ,m$ic9e & ,hygi5e--,ros5au4 ,publications ( ! ,life ,ext5sion ,in/itute--#be ,we/ #de? ,/reet1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,heal? ,,& ,,! ,,home ,( all ! consid]ations t det]m9e heal?1 h]$ity is ! "o unalt]able factor4 ,al?\gh c]ta9 *>act]i/ics are obvi\sly h]$it>y1--complexion1 height1 & m5tal & physical traits 9 great v>iety1--yet 9 ! pa/ h]$ity has be5 little und]/ood4 ,9 consequ5ce x has s]v$ too (t5 z a scape goat = faults & fail+s n beyond an individual's control4 ,our fir/ cle> und]/&+ ( ! pr9ciples und]ly+ h]$ity result$ f exp]im5ts made by ,m5del1 an ,au/rian monk1 dur+ ! la/ c5tury1 & x is n[ possible to pr$ict ) a high degree ( accuracy ! inh]itance ( c]ta9 *>act]i/ics4 ,_m diseases1 =m]ly consid]$ h]$it>y because _! actual causes 7 unkn[n1 are n[ kn[n to be communicable4 ,?us1 x is n[ und]/ood t tub]culosis is n h]$it>y1 al?\gh little *ildr5 may be infect$ by tub]cul\s p>5ts4 ,no g]m diseases are inh]it$ 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! ^w2 b a baby may be infect$ ) syphilis be=e bir? if 8 fa!r or 8 "m has ! disease4 ,x is true1 h[ev]1 t c]ta9 tissue weaknesses ( ! body seem to be h]$it>y1 & 9 consequ5ce "o family is m susceptible to dige/ive disord]s1 ano!r to diseases ( ! lungs1 a ?ird to deafness1 & s on4 ,moreov]1 g5]al l[ vitality may be inh]it$4 ,x %\ld be emphasiz$1 h[ev]1 t h]$it>y weakness does n inevitably lead to disease4 ,_m p]sons h succe$$ 9 prev5t+ ! developm5t ( active disease by gu>d+ aga9/ /ra9 9 directions :]e !y are weak by inh]itance4 ,( all tissue weaknesses t may be inh]it$1 defects ( ! n]v\s sy/em are ! mo/ s]i\s4 ,n]v\s disord]s ( e degree ( sev]ity1 f slight n]v\s in/ability ev5 to insanity1 may result :5 ^! tissues are defective2 b x is n[ a recogniz$ fact t n]v\s disord]s 9 _m cases c be prev5t$ f develop+4 ,feeblem9d$ness1 ano!r condition due to defective tissue1 is kn[n to be inh]it$ 9 ! majority ( cases1 & 9 all cases x is incurable4 ,,hygi5e ,,( ,,environm5t ,,& ,,p]son ,by environm5t is meant ev]y?+ outside ! body t affects x2 tak5 9 its complete mean+ ! ^w might include ev]y?+ t is or ev] 0 9 ! :ole univ]se4 ,x is possible to consid] "h a few only ( ! _m environm5tal & p]sonal factors affect+ ! heal? ( individuals4 ,! home con/itutes ! important "p ( environm5t = mo/ p]sons1 & = *ildr5 9 p>ticul>1 s9ce !y sp5d ! great] "p ( _! "t 9 or ab\t x1 & get !re ! f\ndation on :i* _! heal? 9 lat] ye>s dep5ds4 ,= p]sons employ$ away f home1 indu/rial & occupational hygi5e is h>dly less important2 b ^? subjects are too ext5sive to be consid]$ "h4 ,mo/ p live :]e !y mu/1 & few h any "p 9 plann+ ! con/ruction ( _! own h\ses4 ,9 *oos+ a h\se1 h[ev]1 "o %\ld rememb] t rooms :]e sun%9e nev] ent]s are unfit = cont9u$ occupation4 ,= *ildr5 9 p>ticul> fre% air & sun%9e are ess5tial1 & x may be economy 9 ! end to pay a comp>atively high r5t = an ap>tm5t hav+ sun%9e dur+ at lea/ a "p ( ! day4 ,ignorance & c>elessness1 un=tunately1 c spoil ! be/ liv+ conditions1 & sometimes ev5 9 ! c\ntry fre% air & sun%9e are exclud$ f sleep+ & liv+ rooms4 ,,v5tilation4--,v5tilation has a direct be>+ on heal?1 al?\gh1 contr>y to =m] belief1 ! actual am\nt ( oxyg5 9 ! air is n ord9>ily ! mo/ important factor2 ev5 badly v5tilat$ rooms conta9 m ?an en\gh oxyg5 to support life4 ,! factors ( prime importance 9 v5tilation are temp]ature1 humidity1 air movem5t1 & ! numb] ( p]sons 9 a giv5 space s9ce ! great] ! di/ance f "o ano!r ! less is ! probability t diseases w be spread4 ,room temp]ature %\ld n be above #gj ,f4 &1 except = ! ag$ or sick1 x is bett] to be betwe5 #fj & #fe4 ,"s moi/ure 9 ! air is desirable2 ! am\nt ne$$ is f #ej to #ee ( ! total moi/ure t ! air c hold at a giv5 temp]ature4 ,we h no app>atus to decrease humidity 9 ! air ( h\ses1 & 9 summ] we are oblig$ to endure humidity1 if excessive1 no matt] h[ uncom=table we may be4 ,b 9 w9t] ! air 9 mo/ h\ses is too dry1 s t ! muc\s membranes ( ! nose & ?roat (t5 become irritat$ & susceptible to infection4 ,mo/ heat+ sy/ems1 p>ticul>ly 9 small build+s1 make no provision = supply+ moi/ure4 ,keep+ wat] 9 op5 di%es on or ne> radiators is (t5 recomm5d$1 & w\ld greatly improve ! condition ( ! air1 if p rememb]$ to keep ! di%es fill$4 ,! foll[+ is a simple b effective device to increase humidity3 ,roll an ord9>y desk blott] into a cone ab\t #h in*es 9 diamet] at ! base1 & keep x con/antly subm]g$ = ab\t "o in* 9 a di% ( wat]4 ,! wat] rises to ! top ( ! blott] & a l>ge surface = evaporation is ?us af=d$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,/agnant air is h>mful4 ,air %\ld be 9 con/ant ?\gh n necess>ily p]ceptible motion4 ,air ab\t ! body1 if motionless1 acts l a w>m moi/ blanket1 prev5t+ ! passage ( heat f ! body4 ,! ?ree factors1 heat+1 humidity1 & air motion1 mu/ be consid]$ toge!r4 ,e p]son requires ea* h\r ab\t #cjjj cubic feet ( air1 & ! problem ( heat+ & v5tilat+ is t ( provid+ ?is am\nt 9 g5tle motion1 at a temp]ature ( ab\t #fe ,f41 & ( humidity f #ej-ee4 ,high] temp]atures & /agnant air cause dis9cl9ation to "w1 heada*e1 nausea1 re/lessness1 or sleep9ess1 & if cont9u$ are likely to result 9 loss ( appetite1 & anemia4 ,! tub]culosis movem5t has cle>ly %[n ! b5efits bo? = ! sick & ! well ( liv+ 9 ! op5 air1 & has caus$ great & b5eficial *anges )9 a g5]ation4 ,! m "t sp5t 9 ! op5 air ! bett]2 s9ce h[ev] mo/ p]sons :o "w mu/ sp5d ! great] "p ( ! day indoors1 v5tilation is a matt] ( great importance4 ,al?\gh fre% air en?usia/s are /ill too few1 yet "s g to ! extreme & ?9k t because cool air 9 motion is good1 ! cold] ! air & m viol5t ! motion ! bett]4 ,on ! contr>y1 *ill+ ! :ole body or a "p ( ! body l[]s resi/ance4 ,draughts ( air h no bad effects ^u p]sons 9 good heal?1 p>ticul>ly ^? accu/om$ to *anges 9 temp]ature4 ,b draughts are likely to be injuri\s to ag$ or sick p]sons & babies1 by dim9i%+ _! resi/ance to su* infections z common colds & pneumonia4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t draughts or cold alone _c cause colds2 ! specific g]ms mu/ be pres5t4 ,,light+4--,am\nt & direction ( light are physiologically important4 ,defects ( ! eyes1 too prolong$ use1 & insuffici5t light are ! commone/ causes ( eye /ra94 ,mo/ eye defects c be reliev$ by glasses4 ,*ildr5's eyes %\ld be exam9$ ^u ent]+ s*ool1 & z (t5 aft]w>d z ! oculi/ advises4 ,prolong$ use causes fatigue ( ! eyes1 especially :5 ! illum9ation is poor2 )9 limits1 ! am\nt ( light ne$$ dep5ds on ! nature ( ! "w4 ,light %\ld come f ! left side ( "r h&$ p2 nev] f ! front4 ,light reflect$ f sn[1 s&1 glaz$ :ite pap] ( books1 or o!r bright surfaces is fatigu+ f its int5sity1 & f ! unusual angle at :i* x ent]s ! eyes4 ,too mu* light is h>mful1 & probably causes "s ( ! effects1 su* z nausea & heada*e1 commonly attribut$ to poor v5tilation4 ,almo/ all bl9dness is prev5table1 & bl9dness due to indu/rial accid5ts & processes is no exception to ?is rule4 ,surely no individual precautions or legal measures are too great 9 ord] to gu>d aga9/ ?is sadde/ ( all physical defects4 ,,cleanl9ess ,,( ,,h\ses4--,a clean1 well-c>$ = h\se is desirable f e po9t ( view1 b c]ta9 k9ds ( cleanl9ess affect heal? m ?an o!rs4 ,! mo/ scrupul\s c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ :]ev] food is /or$ or prep>$4 ,! kit*5 is 9 reality a laboratory2 9 x ei!r intellig5tly or ignorantly are =m$ *emical comp\nds :i* h a f>-rea*+ effect ^u family heal?4 ,f ! /&po9t ( heal? no o!r room 9 ! h\se is s important4 ,x %\ld be bright1 airy1 & easy to clean4 ,9 clean+ kit*5 tables & woodwork wat] %\ld n be all[$ to soak into cracks & d>k corn]s1 c>ry+ ) x p>ticles ( food = ! n\ri%m5t ( bact]ia & insects4 ,l9oleum1 if us$ to cov] ! floor1 %\ld be well fitt$ at ! edges to prev5t wat] f runn+ und]nea?4 ,!re %\ld be nei!r cracks nor crevices 9 wall or floor1 & no d>k corn]s or out-(-!-way cupbo>ds 9 :i* du/1 food p>ticles1 & moi/ure c accumulate4 ,su* conditions n only attract mice & roa*es1 b furni% favorable soil = ! developm5t ( m\lds & fungi :i* by _! gr[? affect food delet]i\sly4 ,wag+ a con/ant w>f>e aga9/ ! developm5t ( bact]ia con/itutes a l>ge "p ( good h\sekeep+4 ,all cook+ ut5sils %\ld be ?or\ghly wa%$1 scald$1 & dri$ be=e !y are put away2 ! use ( c>elessly wa%$ di%es is bad4 ,enamel$ or agate w>e :i* has begun to *ip %\ld be disc>d$4 ,di%-clo?s & t[els %\ld be wa%$ & boil$ aft] us+1 & if possible dri$ 9 ! sun4 ,e place 9 :i* food is kept %\ld h con/ant c>e4 ,! refrig]ator is p>ticul>ly important4 ,its l9+s %\ld be wat]-tight1 & ! dra9 freely op5 at all times2 o!rwise ! surr\nd+ wood w become f\l & saturat$ ) dra9+s4 ,at lea/ once a week x %\ld be entirely empti$ & clean$ 9 ! foll[+ way3 ,! racks %\ld be ?or\ghly wa%$ 9 hot soapsuds to :i* a small am\nt ( wa%+ soda has be5 add$1 r9s$ 9 boil+ wat]1 dri$ & plac$ 9 ! sun & air4 ,all p>ts ( ! refrig]ator %\ld be wa%$ 9 ! same mann]1 especially grooves & projections :]e food or dirt may lodge4 ,! dra9pipe %\ld be flu%$1 ! :ole int]ior r9s$ aga9 ) pla9 hot wat]1 ?or\ghly dri$ ) a clean clo?1 & left to air = at lea/ an h\r4 ,! dra9age pan %\ld be wa%$ & scald$ frequ5tly4 ,food %[+ ! slighte/ evid5ce ( spoil+ %\ld be remov$ f ! refrig]ator at once4 ,ev5 m att5tion %\ld be paid to ! h&s ( ! cook4 ,!y %\ld be wa%$ always be=e h&l+ food1 & always aft] visit+ ! toilet1 us+ ! h&k]*ief1 or o!rwise com+ 9 contact ) nose1 m\?1 or o!r bodily secretions4 ,!oretically c\gh+ & sneez+ ought n to occur 9 ! neighborhood ( food1 especially ( food to be eat5 raw2 & p]sons ) c\ghs1 colds1 or o!r communicable disease1 h[ev] slight1 ought n to h&le food4 ,if ?is rule 7 obs]v$ 9 practice1 m p]sons w\ld g hungry1 b few] w\ld be sick4 ,?or\gh clean+ ( rooms involves soap1 wat]1 sun%9e1 air1 & elb[ grease1 j z x did be=e g]ms 7 discov]$4 ,clean+ means actually remov+ dirt & du/1 n m]ely /irr+ x up to settle aga92 consequ5tly dry sweep+ & du/+ are ineffectual4 ,vacuum clean+1 & sweep+ & du/+ ) damp or du/less mops & du/]s are good4 ,deodorants & dis9fectants d n take ! place ( ord9>y cleanl9ess4 ,du/ does n c>ry liv+ disease g]ms to an appreciable ext5t2 ! fact is n[ well e/abli%$ t diseases =m]ly ?\ght to be transmitt$ by du/ or ev5 suppos$ to travel directly ?r\gh ! air1 are c>ri$ on t9y p>ticles ( moi/ure & mucus expell$ 9 c\gh+ & sneez+4 ,?is mode ( transmission is call$ droplet or spray infection2 x is "o ( ! mo/ active ag5ts 9 spread+ c]ta9 k9ds ( communicable diseases4 ,nev]!less du/ 9 motion is h>mful2 x irritates ! l9+ membranes ( ! nose1 ?roat1 bron*ial tubes1 & lungs1 ev5 caus+ t9y w\nds ?r\gh :i* disease g]ms ent]4 ,?us tub]culosis is especially preval5t among /one cutt]s1 felt work]s1 & o!rs engag$ 9 du/y trades4 ,metallic du/ is especially h>mful1 because x is h>d] & %>p] ?an du/ f organic sub/ances l wool & cotton4 ,fur!rmore1 pres5ce ( du/ indicates a l[ /&>d ( cleanl9ess4 ,p :o tol]ate x g5]ally tol]ate uncleanl9ess 9 o!r =ms1 m s]i\s ?\gh less app>5t4 ,clean+ w\ld n be s great a problem if mo/ h\ses 7 n litt]$ ) su* du/ cat*]s z c>pets1 s-call$ ornam5ts1 c>v$ & uphol/]$ furniture1 bann]s1 drap]ies1 & a va/ collection ( articles t c only be classifi$ z ,*ri/mas pres5ts4 ,9 actual practice ?+s t are difficult or exp5sive to clean seldom are clean$2 c>pets = example are consid]$ unhygi5ic1 n because !y _c be clean$1 b because !y are n4 ,william ,morris' advice to exclude f h\ses all articles n kn[n to be useful or believ$ to be beautiful w\ld1 if foll[$1 add ye>s to ! lives ( h\sekeep]s4 ,,g>bage1 has little be>+ on heal?1 except 9 s f> z x af=ds a bre$+ place = flies4 ,if x conta9s disease g]ms x may be dang]\s1 b /ati/ics %[ t g>bage h&l]s1 al?\gh !y c h>dly be call$ especially c>eful1 are n m subject to sickness ?an o!r m5 ( _! class4 ,g>bage disposal is *iefly a "q ( prev5t+ a public nuisance2 x is a matt] ( cleanl9ess & public dec5cy4 ,,insects4--,flies1 cockroa*es1 & o!r scav5g+ insects may c>ry disease g]ms on _! feet & ?us infect food on :i* !y walk4 ,typhoid1 *ol]a1 dys5t]y1 & o!r diseases h be5 c>ri$ by flies4 ,flies are always a m5ace1 & %\ld n be tol]at$2 moreov]1 ! ?\ght ( _! com+ to food directly f manure piles & privy vaults is disgu/+4 ,h\ses %\ld be ?or\ghly scre5$ 9 ! fly season1 b x is bett] to de/roy ! nuisance at its s\rce4 ,! *ief bre$+ places ( flies are g>bage cans & manure piles4 ,if ! g>bage c is wat] tight1 closely cov]$1 frequ5tly empti$1 & ?or\ghly clean$1 flies w n develop 9 x2 ab\t t5 days mu/ elapse f ! "t :5 ! egg is laid until ! insect is ready to fly4 ,fly traps to fit on ! g>bage c are useful4 ,manure %\ld be scre5$ & remov$ frequ5tly1 or x c be treat$ *emically4 ,me?ods = treat+ x are giv5 9 ,prev5tive ,m$ic9e & ,hygi5e4--,ros5au1 p4 #bee1 & 9 ,bullet9 ,no4 #aah1 ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agriculture1 ,july #ad1 #aiad4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4--;,a ,,fly ,,) ,,g]ms 7,,greatly ,,magnifi$7 ,,on ,,its ,,legs4 7,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agri47 ,o!r diseases c>ri$ by insects are mal>ia & yell[ fev]1 ea* by a special species ( mosquito2 typhus fev]1 by lice2 & bubonic plague1 by rat fleas4 ,v>i\s diseases less common 9 ?is c\ntry are c>ri$ by o!r insects4 ,ev5 :5 mosquitoes are n c>ry+ disease g]ms _! bites may be h>mful s9ce !y are (t5 rubb$1 especially by *ildr51 until ! sk9 is brok51 & v>i\s infections may ent] ?r\gh ! w\nds4 ,insects ( e k9d1 rats1 mice1 & v]m9 %\ld be exclud$ f h\ses4 ,,sewage4--,dis*>ges f ! b[els & bladd] conta9 v>i\s g]ms1 & con/itute "o ( ! mo/ important r\tes by :i* g]ms ( typhoid fev]1 *ol]a & c]ta9 o!r diseases travel f p]son to p]son4 ,keep+ sewage out ( ! wat] supply is consequ5tly ( great importance4 ,:]e a sy/em ( sewage disposal exi/s1 ! responsibility ( mak+ ! sy/em adequate & ?us safegu>d+ public heal? re/s ^u ! community z a :ole4 ,communities ord9>ily get j z mu*1 or j z little typhoid fev] z !y are will+ to endure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4--;,,h[ ,a ,,well ,,may ,,be ,,pollut$4 7,f ,! ,human ,me*anism4 ,copyright by ,!odore ,h\gh & ,william ,t4 ,s$gwick4 ,g9n & ,company1 publi%]s4 ,us$ by p]mission47 ,9 places hav+ no sy/em ( dra9age privies mu/ be us$4 ,!y c be made h>mless1 z army camps prove1 b !y require scrupul\s c>e4 ,fecal matt] mu/ be prev5t$ f dra9+ into wells & o!r wat] supplies1 & mu/ be scre5$ f flies4 ,! privy %\ld be locat$ at a di/ance f ! well4 ,! m9imum di/ance t is safe dep5ds 9 ea* case ^u ! nature ( ! soil & ! direction ( ! natural dra9age4 ,ev5 :5 ! privy is situat$ bel[ ! well on slop+ gr\nd1 dra9age may /ill occur f ! privy to ! well2 h[ev]1 a well-made1 prop]ly locat$ pit privy is safe unless x is ne> a lime/one =mation4 ,! dry e>? sy/em is satisfactory 9 places hav+ an effici5t public scav5g] sy/em2 9 ?is sy/em pails or cans are us$ to receive ! dis*>ges1 :i* are !n cov]$ ) s&1 a%es1 e>? or1 pref]ably1 *loride ( lime4 ,! buckets are frequ5tly empti$ & ! cont5ts buri$ at lea/ "o foot bel[ ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,! objection to ?is me?od = m ext5d$ use is t prop] c>e ( ! cans is a disagreeable duty ( :i* mo/ h\seholds soon tire4 ,,p]sonal ,,cleanl9ess4--,! ma9 functions ( ! sk9 are ?ree3 to protect und]ly+ tissues1 to excrete wa/e matt]1 & to regulate bodily heat by *eck+ or all[+ ! evaporation ( p]spiration4 ,aft] p]spiration has evaporat$ solid matt] is left ^u ! sk91 & oily matt] also is deposit$ on x by ! gl&s t keep ! sk9 lubricat$4 ,remov+ ^! & o!r mat]ials at lea/ once a day is desirable to improve ! bodily tone & s5se ( well-be+4 ,real cleanl9ess is impossible )\t frequ5t use ( w>m wat] & soap4 ,cold ba?s are /imulat+1 ?\gh n v efficaci\s = cleans+ purposes4 ,!y are valuable tonics if prop]ly us$1 b delicate or eld]ly p]sons %\ld use !m only by a physician's advice4 ,*illy feel+s or depression foll[+ %\ld be ! signal = any p]son to discont9ue cold ba?+ or swimm+ 9 cold wat]4 ,w>m ba?s are soo?+ 9 _! effects1 & are appropriate at b$ "t1 p>ticul>ly = p]sons incl9$ to sleeplessness4 ,v hot ba?s1 especially if prolong$1 may be h>mful1 & %\ld n be tak5 (t54 ,!re is no cle> connection betwe5 g5]al cleanl9ess & disease4 ,frequ5t ba?+ does n protect a p]son f any p>ticul> disease1 except 9 s f> z ba?+ necess>ily includes wa%+ ! h&s4 ,if typhoid g]ms = example h actually be5 swall[$1 a clean bodily ext]ior is ( no avail 9 prev5t+ typhoid fev] or 9 dim9i%+ its sev]ity4 ,! same is true ( o!r diseases4 ,b x is impossible to emphasize unduly ! importance ( clean h&s4 ,h&s are prime (f5d]s 9 di/ribut+ fre% bodily secretions1 & g]ms bo? innoc5t & h>mful4 ,all heal? au?orities agree on ?is po9t4 ,p]haps #ij ( all infections are tak5 into ! body ?r\gh ! m\?4 ,!y rea* ! m\? 9 wat]1 food1 f+]s1 du/1 & ^u ! innum]able objects t are sometimes plac$ 9 ! m\?4 ,! fact t ! great majority ( infections are tak5 by way ( ! m\? gives sci5tific direction to p]sonal hygi5e4 ,sanit>y habits dem& t ! h&s %\ld be wa%$ aft] defecation & aga9 be=e eat+1 & f+]s %\ld be kept away f ! m\? & nose1 & t no unnecess>y objects %\ld be m\!d4 ,all food & dr9k %\ld be clean or ?or\ghly cook$4 ,^! simple precautions alone w\ld prev5t _m a case ( infection4--7,ros5au3 ,prev5tive ,m$ic9e & ,hygi5e1 p4 #cff47 ,z ,dr4 ,*ap9 says3 ,probably ! *ief vehicle = ! conveyance ( nasal & oral secretion f "o to ano!r is ! f+]s4 ,if "o takes ! tr\ble to wat* = a %ort "t 8 neighbors1 or ev5 himself1 unless he has be5 p>ticul>ly tra9$ 9 su* matt]s1 he w be surpris$ to note ! numb] ( times t ! f+]s g to ! m\? & ! nose4 ,n only is ! saliva made use ( = a great v>iety ( purposes1 & numb]less articles are = "o reason or ano!r plac$ 9 ! m\?1 b = no reason :atev]1 & all unconsci\sly1 ! f+]s are ) great frequ5cy rais$ to ! lips or ! nose4 ,:o c d\bt t if ! saliv>y gl&s secret$ indigo ! f+]s w\ld cont9ually be /a9$ a deep blue1 & :o c d\bt t if ! nasal & oral secretions conta9 ! g]ms ( disease ^! g]ms w be almo/ z con/antly f\nd ^u ! f+]s8 ,all successful comm]ce is reciprocal1 & 9 ?is univ]sal trade 9 human saliva ! f+]s n only br+ =eign secretions to ! m\? ( _! own]1 b !re ex*ang+ !m = 8 own1 di/ribute ! latt] to ev]y?+ t ! h& t\*es4 ,?is happ5s n once1 b scores & hundr$s ( times dur+ ! day's r\nd ( ! individual4 ,! cook spreads 8 saliva on ! muff9s & rolls1 ! waitress infects ! glasses & spoons1 ! moi/5$ f+]s ( ! p$dl] arrange 8 fruit1 ! ?umb ( ! milkman is 9 8 measure1 ! read] moi/5s ! pages ( 8 book1 ! conductor 8 transf] tickets1 ! lady ! f+]s ( h] glove4 ,e "o is busily engag$ 9 ?is di/ribution ( saliva1 s t ! end ( ea* day f9ds ?is secretion freely di/ribut$ on ! doors1 w9d[ sills1 furniture & play?+s 9 ! home1 ! /raps ( trolley c>s1 ! rails & c\nt] & desks ( %ops & public build+s1 & inde$ ^u ev]y?+ t ! h&s ( man t\*4 ,:at avails x if ! pa?og5s d die quickly8 ,a fre% supply is furni%$ ea* day4--7,*ap93 ,! ,s\rces & ,modes ( ,infection1 p4 #ahh47 ,,oral ,,hygi5e4--,cleanl9ess & prop] c>e ( ! m\? & tee? c h>dly be ov] emphasiz$4 ,_! be>+ ^u heal? is direct4 ,long ago x 0 recogniz$ t p]sons ) decay$ or miss+ tee? frequ5tly suff]$ f dyspepsia1 a natural result ( inability to ma/icate prop]ly1 b only )9 rec5t ye>s has x be5 realiz$ t decay$ tee? give rise to _m o!r diseas$ conditions4 ,bact]ia are con/antly pres5t 9 ! m\?4 ,if ! mucus ( ! m\? is n remov$1 x =ms a /icky coat ^u ! surfaces ( ! tee? & gums4 ,9 ?is bact]ia collect1 & pus or matt] may also be =m$1 :i*1 if c>ri$ by ! blood to o!r p>ts ( ! body1 may cause dige/ive tr\bles1 rheumatism1 & diseases ( he>t & kidneys4 7,see ,dr4 ,t4 ,b4 ,h>tzell1 ,heal? ,news1 ,oct41 #aiae1 ,! ,importance ( ,m\? ,hygi5e & ,h[ to ,practise x47 ,to keep ! m\? & tee? heal?y !y mu/ h3 #a4 ,prop] use4 #b4 ,prop] c>e4 #c4 ,prop] treatm5t4 #a4 ,tee?1 l o!r p>ts ( ! body1 ne$ ex]cise4 ,foods t require a consid]able am\nt ( *ew+ %\ld be includ$ 9 ! diet4 ,su* food is ne$$ by *ildr5 z soon z _! fir/ tee? h come1 b c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to see t ! food is actually *ew$ be=e x is swall[$4 #b4 ,a good bru% %\ld be provid$4 ,! /iffness ( ! bri/les %\ld be regulat$ accord+ to ! individual4 ,! bru% %\ld be ?or\ghly r9s$ aft] us+1 & disc>d$ z soon z x is worn4 ,d5tal floss is g5]ally ne$$ to remove p>ticles t h lodg$ betwe5 ! tee?4 ,bru%+ ! tee? by pass+ ! bri/les across !m is n efficaci\s4 ,!y %\ld be bru%$ n across b ) ! cracks1 z a good h\sewife sweeps a floor4 ,9 ! light ( rec5t inve/igation conduct$ by "s ( ! lead+ /ud5ts ( m\? hygi5e1 ! mo/ effective way to use ! too?bru% is to place ! bri/les ( ! bru% firmly aga9/ ! tee?1 apply+ firm pressure1 z ?\gh try+ to =ce ! bri/les betwe5 ! tee?1 us+ a slight rot>y or scrubb+ motion4444 ,aft] a little practice ! us] ( ?is me?od w be surpris$ at ! results obta9$4 ,c>e %\ld be us$ to g ov] all ! surfaces ( ! tee? 9 ?is mann]4--7,see ,dr4 ,w4 ,g4 ,eb]sole4 ,! ,importance ( ,m\? ,hygi5e & ,h[ to ,practice x1 ,heal? ,news1 ,oct41 #aiae47 ,aft] bru%+ ! tee?1 ! m\? %\ld be r9s$ by =c+ lukew>m wat] ab\t ! tee?1 us+ all ! =ce t c be br\ght to be> by ! *eeks1 lips1 & tongue4 #c4 ,,treatm5t4--,! tee?1 includ+ ! fir/ tee? ( *ildr51 %\ld be inspect$ by a compet5t d5ti/ at lea/ twice a ye>4 ,p]iodic cleans+ by a d5ti/1 & e>ly att5tion to small cavities1 may prev5t s]i\s ill heal? & impairm5t ( ! body1 z well z ! acute suff]+ g5]ally accompany+ treatm5t ( advanc$ d5tal defects4 ,,clo?+4--,clo?+ 0 orig9ally us$ = purposes ( ornam5t4 ,desire = protection f cold & dampness came lat]4 ,! am\nt ( clo?+ requir$ v>ies greatly accord+ to individual ne$s & habits1 b x is increas+ly recogniz$ t light clo?+ is be/1 provid$ t ! we>] is really protect$ f cold4 ,clo?+ %\ld be por\s 9 ord] to all[ v5tilation ( ! body1 support$ s f> z possible f ! %\ld]s1 & clean & well air$4 ,dampness favors ! gr[? ( g]ms :i* may cause irritation ( ! sk94 ,clo?+ %\ld n con/rict ! body or hamp] its movem5ts4 ,p]haps ! wor/ heal? m5ace = :i* clo?+ is to blame comes f ! high heel$ %oes on :i* _m wom5 pref] to limp ?r\gh life4 ,f ! heal? /&po9t %oes are ( great importance4 ,bad %oes are responsible = _m cases ( flat feet1 ^: muscles h deg5]at$ ?r\gh non-use1 & = mu* s-call$ rheumatism1 :i* is m]ely ! prote/ ( abus$ muscles4 ,bad %oes also1 by di/ort+ ! feet1 prev5t com=table walk+1 :i* is ! only out-(-door ex]cise readily available = ! va/ majority ( p2 & /ill worse1 ! result+ unnatural position ( ! body sometimes has s]i\s consequ5ces by br++ injuri\s /ra9s on o!r muscles & organs4 ,,food4--,two di/9ct problems are enc\nt]$ "h3 ! problem ( nutrition1 & ! problem ( prev5t+ sickness4 ,nutrition1 or prop] fe$+1 is a subject beyond ! scope ( ?is book2 x is nev]!less "o ( ! mo/ important1 if n ! mo/ important1 factor 9 ma9ta9+ heal?4 ,food prep>ation & c>e ( *ildr51 ! two mo/ important functions ( ! home1 are un=tunately relegat$ to ! lea/ intellig5t & lea/ int]e/$ memb]s ( mo/ h\seholds 9 :i* s]vants are employ$4 ,mo/ ,am]ican families eat too mu* prote9 food1 su* z meat & eggs4 ,excess ( prote9 probably leads to deg5]ation ( tissues1 & plays a "p 9 caus+ ! deg5]ative diseases already m5tion$4 ,habit is important "h z 9 o!r ways ( liv+1 b c]eals & vegetables %\ld 9 l>ge measure make up ! diet ( s$5t>y p]sons & inde$ ( ev]yone 9 w>m wea!r4 ,! am\nt ( food requir$ 9 #bd h\rs dep5ds on _m factors3 age1 height1 weight1 occupation1 season1 & habit4 ,und]weight & ov]weight are bo? abnormal conditions2 probably ! latt] is ! m easily rem$i$4 ,bo? require ! advice ( a physician4 ,rapid r$uction ( weight involves c]ta9 dang]s1 especially = p]sons ) weak he>ts4 ,food may cause sickness ei!r because x is 9 itself h>mful1 or because x c>ries disease g]ms4 ,meat f diseas$ animals %\ld be de/roy$ be=e x rea*es ! m>ket1 b bact]ial activities 9 food orig9ally :olesome may =m 9 x poison\s sub/ances4 ,! *ief diseases kn[n to be c>ri$ by food1 wat]1 or milk are typhoid fev]1 p>atyphoid1 dys5t]y & o!r di>rhal diseases1 sc>let fev]1 diph!ria1 septic sore ?roat1 & tub]culosis4 ,! sole problem "h is to keep human & animal excretions out ( food1 wat]1 & milk4 ,s9ce ?or\gh cook+ kills disease g]ms1 dang] arises *iefly f raw foods4 ,all fruits & vegetables eat5 raw %\ld fir/ be ?or\ghly wa%$4 ,wat] is ess5tial to heal?4 ,at lea/ ?ree p9ts %\ld be tak5 daily1 ! am\nt v>y+ some:at accord+ to diet1 ex]cise1 temp]ature1 & s =?4 ,mo/ p]sons dr9k too little wat]4 ,cities & t[ns %\ld ( c\rse h public supplies ( pure wat]4 ,contam9ation ( wat]1 :5 x occurs1 is caus$ *iefly by sewage f cesspools1 privies1 & dra9s4 ,all well or spr+ wat] mu/ be con/antly wat*$ & ,bo>ds ( ,heal? are always ready to exam9e samples ( wat] & to report :e!r x is safe to dr9k4 ,at ! pres5t "t a porcela9 filt] is ! only satisfactory k9d = a h\sehold1 b _m dome/ic filt]s are s badly c>$ = t 9 actual practice !y are worse ?an none4 ,dang] f a filt] conta9+ an accumulation ( impurities is great] ?an ! dang] f mo/ ord9>y wat] supplies4 ,boil+ wat] = t5 m9utes kills all pa?og5ic g]ms1 b ?is me?od is inconv5i5t on a l>ge scale & is n practical = cont9u$ family use4 ,e ef=t %\ld be made to insure a regul> supply ( pure wat] 9 e h\se4 ,x is n satisfactory to h two k9ds1 "o = dr9k+ & "o = o!r purposes1 s9ce mi/akes are sure to be made1 especially by *ildr54 ,"s families :o use only bottl$ or filt]$ wat] = dr9k+ purposes habitually run ! risk involv$ 9 us+ impure wat] f ! tap = clean+ ! tee?4 ,freez+ de/roys mo/ g]ms1 b ice is n necess>ily free f bact]ial life1 & %\ld be us$ 9 dr9k+ wat] only :5 kn[n to be free f impurities4 ,nei!r does freez+ milk or cream necess>ily kill g]ms t may be conta9$ 9 x4 ,raw milk plays s important a "p 9 ! spread ( disease t its fitness = human consumption is op5 to s]i\s "q4 ,c]tifi$ milk1 :]e obta9able1 is safe b exp5sive4 ,boil$ milk is safe1 b *ang$ 9 ta/e & to "s ext5t 9 quality4 ,if milk is heat$ to #adb-ade ,f4 & kept at t temp]ature = #cj m9utes all disease g]ms 9 x are kill$4 ,?is process1 call$ pa/eurization1 r5d]s milk safe4 ,! objection is sometimes made t cont9u$ use ( pa/euriz$ milk = infants causes scurvy1 b 9 ,new ,york ,city :]e ov] #ij p] c5t4 ( ! milk is pa/euriz$ no increase 9 scurvy has be5 notic$1 :ile a l>ge dim9ution 9 dea?s ( infants f di>rhal diseases has result$1 z 9 all cities :]e pa/eurization is requir$4 ,! foll[+ is a simple me?od = pa/euriz+ a qu>t bottle ( milk4 ,if ! directions are exactly foll[$ ! milk w be pa/euriz$ at ! end ( ! process2 no !rmomet] ne$ be us$4 ,to prev5t ! bottle f break+1 x is fir/ w>m$ by plac+ x = a few m9utes 9 a pail ( w>m wat]4 ,f ! results ( ! exp]im5ts x 0 conclud$ t any h\sewife c pa/eurize a "o qu>t bottle ( milk by3 #a4 ,boil+ #b qu>ts ( wat] 9 a l>ge agate saucepan2 or bett] #b4 ,boil+ #b qu>ts ( wat] 9 a #aj p\nd t9 l>d pail1 plac+ ! slightly w>m$ bottle f ! ice *e/ 9 x1 cov]+ ) a clo? & sett+ 9 a w>m place4 ,at ! end ( "o h\r ! bottle ( milk %\ld be remov$ & *ill$ promptly4 ,! wat] mu/ be boil$ 9 ! conta9] 9 :i* ! pa/eurization is to be done4--7,ru? ,vories1 9 ,heal? ,news1 ,sept41 #aiaf47 ,,elim9ation4--,c>eful att5tion %\ld be paid to elim9ation ?r\gh ! b[els & kidneys4 ,con/ipation is responsible = _m common ailm5ts2 among !m are heada*e1 dis9cl9ation to "w1 irritable temp]1 & l[]$ resi/ance4 ,if long cont9u$1 con/ipation becomes s]i\s bo? f conge/ion & displacem5t ( pelvic organs1 & f absorption ov] a consid]able "t ( ev5 small am\nts ( ! poison\s sub/ances result+ f decomposition ( food 9 ! l>ge inte/9e4 ,! b[els c be/ be regulat$ by diet1 wat]1 ex]cise1 & habit4 ,! habitual use ( ca?>tic & laxative drugs is mo/ unwise1 because !y t5d to aggravate ! tr\ble4 ,moreov] ! habitual & cont9u$ use ( injections & int]nal ba?s is h>mful1 & w\ld n be consid]$ necess>y if bran & co>se fl\r & vegetables 7 sub/itut$ = conc5trat$ foods4 ,gre$1 laz9ess1 & lack ( intellig5ce lead mo/ p]sons suff]+ ) con/ipation to pref] pills to ! re/ra9ts dem&$ by hygi5ic liv+4 ,! habit ( evacuat+ ! b[els at a regul> "t1 if e/abli%$ 9 e>ly *ildhood & rigidly adh]$ to1 w prev5t con/ipation among mo/ heal?y p4 ,any p]son :o ?9ks drugs necess>y %\ld consult a physician1 & be prep>$ to foll[ ! rgime he advises ov] a consid]able p]iod ( "t & at ! co/ ( "s self-d5ial4 ,= heal?y p1 void+ ur9e pres5ts no difficulty if a suffici5t am\nt ( wat] is tak52 b "s p]sons r$uce ! am\nt ( liquid tak5 9 ord] to escape ! inconv5i5ce ( ur9ation4 ,?is practice is h>mful1 & may involve insuffici5t cleans+ ( ! entire sy/em4 ,if frequ5t ur9ation di/urbs sleep1 liquids may be )held dur+ ! ev5+2 b ! total am\nt ( wat] tak5 9 #bd h\rs %\ld n be dim9i%$4 ,,re/ ,,& ,,fatigue4--,a fatigu$ p]son is a poison$ p]son4 ,muscul> ex]tion burns ! fuel con/itu5ts ( ! body1 z we recognize by ! great] heat g5]at$ )9 u dur+ muscul> ex]tion4 ,wa/e products1 result+ f ?is burn+ process1 accumulate if n remov$1 & clog ! body 9 some:at ! same way t a%es & c9d]s clog a furnace4 ,! fatigu$ p]son rema9s fatigu$1 consequ5tly1 until ! accumulations ( wa/e matt] are remov$ by ! normal action ( ! lungs1 sk91 & kidneys4 ,fatigue is caus$ by bo? m5tal & physical "w1 & :5 excessive1 affects ! n]v\s sy/em mo/ disa/r\sly4 ,! body c & %\ld respond to occasional extra drafts on /r5g? & endurance2 its flexibility & p[] ( adju/+ to v>y+ conditions may ev5 be /imulat$ !reby4 ,b ev5 slight fatigue1 if cont9u$ & especially if associat$ ) anxiety or worry1 has caus$ _m n]v\s & m5tal breakd[ns4 ,"w c>ri$ beyond ! po9t ( normal fatigue requires a proportionately long] "t = recov]y4 ,= example1 if ! po9t ( fatigue has be5 rea*$ by a c]ta9 f+] muscle aft] #ae contractions1 & if half an h\r is requir$ to re/ x completely1 "o might suppose t "o h\r w\ld re/ x aft] #cj contractions4 ,?is is n s1 h[ev]2 aft] #cj contractions #b h\rs are requir$1 or #d times z mu* re/ = twice ! am\nt ( "w1 if cont9u$ beyond ! po9t ( fatigue4 ,laboratory exp]im5ts & exp]i5ce alike %[ t ?is pr9ciple holds true 9 o!r =ms ( fatigue4 ,?us ! output ( factories has be5 %[n 9 _m in/ances to be great]1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 :5 op]atives "w #h h\rs a day ?an :5 !y "w long]4 ,excessive h\rs 9 any k9d ( "w are ! poore/ economy4 ,fatigue is increas$ 9 direct proportion n only to muscul> ex]tion b also to ! am\nt ( spe$1 complexity1 responsibility1 monotony1 noise1 & confusion involv$ 9 an occupation4 ,ability to be> fatigue diff]s greatly ) diff]5t p1 z ability v>ies to be> o!r k9ds ( /ra94 ,re/ at night & on ,sunday1 & ! annual vacation %\ld be en\gh to keep a p]son 9 good condition4 ,if n1 !re is probably some?+ wrong ) ! work]'s heal?1 ! nature ( 8 "w1 or 8 adaptation to 8 p>ticul> k9d ( "w4 ,?is /atem5t is n only true ( p]sons regul>ly employ$1 b ( ^? liv+ at home1 includ+ *ildr5 9 s*ool1 wom5 9 society1 & especially mo!rs ( families4 ,,sleep4--,a suffici5t am\nt ( sleep is ess5tial to heal?1 b individual requirem5ts v>y widely4 ,ea* p]son %\ld "k & reg>d 8 own ne$1 & *ildr5 & "y p %\ld be oblig$ to g to b$ e>ly4 ,ability to sleep is l>gely habit2 good habits %\ld be =m$ & cont9u$4 ,sleep-produc+ drugs %\ld nev] be tak51 except by a doctor's prescription4 ,,recreation4--,ow+ to ! spe$1 complexity1 & worry ( mod]n life among all classes1 & to ! monotony ( "w 9 indu/ry1 recreation has become a matt] ( vital importance = ev]yone4 ,"s muscul> activity1 pref]ably 9 ! op5 air1 is ne$$ by e heal?y p]son4 ,recreation %\ld be z unlike ! regul> occupation z possible3 go+ to ! !atre1 = example1 is n ! be/ ex]cise = s$5t>y work]s employ$ all day 9 artificially light$ (fices4 ,! elem5t ( pleasure is ess5tial4 ,hoi/+ dumb-bells purely f consci5ti\s motives is seldom b5eficial1 & is g5]ally soon ab&on$4 ,! "p play$ by habit 9 matt]s ( heal? is (t5 ov]look$4 ,al?\gh ! body adju/s itself to widely v>y+ conditions & ev5 to unfavorable ones1 ! importance ( =m+ desirable habits _c be ov]emphasiz$4 ,sudd5 or radical *anges 9 liv+1 h[ev]1 p>ticul>ly among p no long] "y1 may play havoc4 ,new & viol5t sy/ems ( ex]cise1 weight r$uction1 & food fads =c$ on families by en?usia/ic discov]]s involve consid]able risk4 ,_m elem5ts ent] into heal?2 9 no s+le "o is f\nd hygi5ic salvation4 ,temptation always exi/s to emphasize "o elem5t at ! exp5se ( o!rs4 ,= in/ance1 p :o insi/ ^u ov]v5tilat+ rooms reg>dless ( o!rs' com=t may !mselves be utt]ly c>eless 9 reg>d to necess>y sleep1 & m ?an "o fa/idi\sly clean p]son has disreg>d$ ! highly unclean condition ( con/ipation4 ,to ma9ta9 s\nd heal? only a rational program w suffice3 prop]ly balanc$ "w & play1 sleep & food & all o!r elem5ts mu/ be includ$ 9 due proportion4 ,& ov]-anxi\s heal? seek]s might well rememb] t heal? is n s mu* an end 9 itself1 z a means to a happy & productive life2 ev5 9 conc]n ov] heal?1 x is possible = him t save? 8 life to lose x4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,expla9 ! diff]5ce betwe5 an h]$it>y disease & h]$it>y susceptibility to a disease4 ,h[ may h]$it>y susceptibility to a disease be combatt$8 #b4 ,:at are ! ess5tials ( good v5tilation8 #c4 ,:at is ! prop] temp]ature = a liv+ room8 ,:at are ! effects ( high] temp]atures8 ,( l[] temp]atures8 #d4 ,describe me?ods = ma9ta9+ h\sehold cleanl9ess4 #e4 ,discuss ! importance f ! po9t ( view ( heal?1 ( du/2 ( insects2 ( g>bage2 ( sewage4 #f4 ,:at pr9ciples %\ld guide "o 9 decid+ :e!r a c]ta9 wat] supply is safe to use = dr9k+ purposes8 ,:at are ! dang]s ( impure wat]8 ,h[ c impure wat] be r5d]$ safe8 #g4 ,:at diseases may be c>ri$ by milk8 ,h[ c milk be r5d]$ safe8 #h4 ,expla9 ! heal? aspects ( p]sonal cleanl9ess4 #i4 ,:at c>e %\ld be giv5 ! tee? & m\?8 ,:y8 #aj4 ,:at bad results frequ5tly foll[ con/ipation8 ,h[ %\ld con/ipation be rem$i$8 #aa4 ,"n sev5 factors t are important 9 caus+ fatigue4 ,:y is x uneconomical to cont9ue "w1 ei!r physical or m5tal1 beyond ! po9t ( fatigue8 #ab4 ,:at facilities = recreation1 especially 9 ! op5 air1 does y\r community provide = little *ildr58 ,= s*ool *ildr58 ,= work+ boys & girls8 ,= gr[n p8 ,,= ,,fur!r ,,read+ ,heal? & ,disease--,rog] ,i4 ,lee1 ,introduction & ,*apt]s ,i1 ,,iii-,v1 ,,vii-,,ix4 ,h[ to ,live--,fi%] & ,fisk1 ,*apt]s ,i1 ,,iii-,v4 ,! ,human ,me*anism--,h\gh & ,s$gwick1 ,*apt]s ,v1 ,,xxii-,,xxix4 ,disease & ,its ,causes--,c\ncilman1 ,*apt]s ,x1 ,,xii4 ,fatigue & ,effici5cy--,goldm>k1 ,*apt]s ,,ii1 ,,iii4 ,prev5tive ,m$ic9e & ,hygi5e--,ros5au4 ,a ,manual ( ,p]sonal ,hygi5e--#f? ,edition1 ,edit$ by ,walt] ,l4 ,pyle4 ,f\r ,epo*s ( a ,woman's ,life--,galbrai?4 ,hygi5e & ,physical ,culture = ,wom5--,galbrai?4 ,! ,home & ,its ,managem5t--,kittr$ge4 ,ex]cise & ,heal?--,f4 ,c4 ,smi?1 ,supplem5t #bd to ! ,public ,heal? ,reports1 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 ,wa%+ton4 ,! ,sanit>y ,privy--,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #dfc1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 ,wa%+ton4 ,safe ,disposal ( ,human ,excreta at ,unsew]$ ,homes--,lumsd51 ,/iles & ,freeman1 ,bullet9 #fh1 ,public ,heal? ,reports1 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 ,wa%+ton4 ,! ,disposal ( ,human ,excreta & ,sewage ( ! ,c\ntry ,home--,new ,york ,/ate ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal?1 ,albany4 ,milk & ,its ,relation to ,public ,heal?--,bullet9 #ef1 ,hygi5ic ,laboratory1 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 ,wa%+ton4 ,milk & ,its ,relation to ,heal?--,new ,york ,/ate ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal?1 ,albany4 ,o!r ,publications ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,public ,heal? ,s]vice & ( ! ,dep>tm5ts ( ,heal? ( ! diff]5t /ates & cities4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,babies ,,& ,,_! ,,c>e ,! pr9ciples ( hygi5e are fundam5tally ! same = "y & old4 ,! applications1 h[ev]1 diff] at diff]5t ages4 ,f ! "t :5 physical gr[? & developm5t are complete until *anges due to old age appe>1 an individual commonly has great] resi/ance ?an at o!r ages1 & is able 9 consequ5ce to endure unfavorable conditions ( life ) m success4 ,babies1 on ! o!r h&1 are exce$+ly s5sitive to _! environm5t4 ,surr\nd+s t are ev5 slightly unfavorable are likely to make babies sick4 ,9 ord] to rema9 heal?y1 !y mu/ h exactly ! "r k9d ( food1 9 ! "r quantities & at ! "r times2 _! sleep1 ex]cise1 & clo?+ mu/ be c>efully regulat$2 !y mu/ be protect$ f c>eless h&l+1 f n]v\s /ra91 & above all1 f ! _m k9ds ( infection to :i* !y are peculi>ly susceptible4 ,! life ( a baby =tunately c be controll$ almo/ completely2 :5 prop]ly regulat$ x (f]s1 !re=e1 an unequall$ opportunity to see h[ hygi5ic pr9ciples "w out 9 actual practice4 ,! primitive "m's in/9ct to n\ri% & protect & succor h] helpless *ild 0 ! orig9al =m ( nurs+4 ,in/9ct alone1 un=tunately1 has nev] accompli%$ mu* 9 pres]v+ heal?4 ,! human race has n[ _h an exp]i5ce 9 ! c>e ( infants t ext5ds ov] ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,yet today we are /ill1 on ! :ole1 less successful 9 keep+ babies alive ?an we are 9 rais+ dome/ic animals2 we /ill all[ society to cont9ue1 l a mod]n ,h]od1 9 its ru?less c>e] ( slaught]+ ! innoc5ts4 ,ab\t #ad babies out ( e #ajj born 9 ! regi/ration area#a ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates die be=e rea*+ ! age ( "o ye>1 :ile 9 "s ( our indu/rial cities z _m z #be out ( e #ajj born die be=e !y are a ye> old4 ,mo/ ( ^! dea?s are prev5table4 ,?us1 9 a few ,am]ican cities1 ! dea? rates h be5 s r$uc$ t few] ?an #aj babies out ( e #ajj die be=e complet+ ! fir/ ye>2 :ile 9 ,dun$91 ,new ,zeal&1 z a result ( ! "w ( ! ,society = ! ,heal? ( ,wom5 & ,*ildr51 ! infant dea? rate has be5 s r$uc$ t 9 #aiab only ab\t #d out ( e #ajj babies di$ be=e !y 7 a ye> old4 ,:ile ignorant mo!rs1 :o may or may n be un$ucat$ wom51 & contam9at$ milk1 are z a matt] ( fact1 *iefly responsible = our high infant dea? rates1 yet z we h already se51 e factor 9 ! environm5t has its effect ^u a baby4 ,?is fact has l$ ,sir ,ar?ur ,new%olme1 an em95t ,engli% au?ority1 to say3 ,infant ,mortality is ! mo/ s5sitive index we possess ( social welf>e4 ,if babies 7 well born & well c>$ =1 _! mortality w\ld be negligible4 ,! infant dea? rate measures ! intellig5ce1 heal?1 & "r liv+ ( fa!rs & mo!rs1 ! /&>ds ( morals & sanitation ( communities & gov]nm5ts1 ! effici5cy ( physicians1 nurses1 heal? (fic]s1 & educators4 ,c>e ( ! *ild %\ld beg9 at ! e>lie/ possible mom5t3 t is1 ne>ly n9e mon?s be=e he is born4 ,c>e be=e bir?1 = want ( a bett] "n1 is call$ pr5atal c>e ( ! "m4 ,e woman :o ?9ks t %e is pregnant %\ld put h]self at once "u ! c>e ( a compet5t physician1 s t he c make ! necess>y exam9ations z e>ly z possible4 ,if %e foll[s 8 advice 9 reg>d to hygi5e & prop] regulation ( h] life1 %e may be free f anxiety1 & may ju/ly expect t h] deliv]y w be a safe & normal process4 ,a demon/ration ( ! value ( pr5atal c>e 0 rec5tly made by ! ,bo/on ,di/rict ,nurs+ ,association4 ,dur+ ! ye> #aiae pr5atal c>e 0 giv5 to #gea expectant mo!rs 9 #e w>ds ( ! city2 ea* woman att5d$ a pregnancy cl9ic1 :]e %e 0 "u ! c>e ( an exp]i5c$ ob/etrician1 & 0 visit$ at int]vals by a nurse :o kept c>eful wat* ( h] g5]al condition & gave necess>y advice & enc\ragem5t4 ,9 consequ5ce ! dea? rate among ! babies ^: mo!rs _h pr5atal c>e 0 only half z great1 ?r\gh ! :ole fir/ ye> ( life1 z ! dea? rate ( babies 9 ! same w>ds ^: mo!rs _h n _h pr5atal c>e4 ,moreov]1 ! rate ( /ill-bir?s 0 only half z great z ! rate among ! g5]al population ( ,bo/on4 ,if pr5atal c>e c save s _m lives1 surely x ought to be available = e pregnant woman 9 ! l&1 includ+ ev5 t g5]ally neglect$ class ( p :o are nei!r v ri* nor v poor4 ,ea* baby's bir? %\ld be record$ by ! regi/r> ( bir?s1 & p>5ts %\ld make sure t regi/ration has be5 att5d$ to 9 ! city or t[n :]e !y live4 ,9 "s /ates bir? regi/ration is already obligatory1 b 9 any case x is requir$ by ! *ild's own int]e/4 ,= in/ance1 9 lat] life x may be necess>y = him to prove ! date & place ( bir? 9 ord] to e/abli%1 among o!r ?+s1 8 "r to vote & to inh]it prop]ty1 & to settle ! "q ( 8 liability to milit>y s]vice4 ,moreov]1 complete & accurate bir? regi/ration is ne$$ by e community because x is ess5tial to su* re=ms z r$uc+ infant mortality & aboli%+ *ild labor4 ,,gr[? ,,& ,,developm5t ,/atem5ts 9 reg>d to gr[? & developm5t are bas$ on obs]vations ( _m *ildr54 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! foll[+ figures repres5t av]ages only1 & t heal?y *ildr5 may v>y f !m consid]ably )\t giv+ cause = al>m4 ,,av]age ,,size4--,! av]age weight ( a baby at bir? is f #g to #g lbs4 & ! av]age l5g? is ab\t #bj in*es1 b x is n unusual = a *ild to weigh any:]e f #e to #aj p\nds at bir? & to measure f #af to #bb in*es 9 l5g?4 ,dur+ ! fir/ week ( life a baby loses slightly 9 weight4 ,aft] ! fir/ week a heal?y baby %\ld ga9 f #d to #h ounces a week until he is six mon?s old2 aft] t "t ! weekly ga9 is less4 ,! weight at bir? w usually d\ble dur+ ! fir/ five mon?s1 & treble dur+ ! fir/ ye>4 ,consequ5tly1 a baby weigh+ #g p\nds at bir? may be expect$ to weigh #ad p\nds :5 five mon?s old1 & #ba p\nds :5 a ye> old4 ,weight is "o ( ! mo/ important indications ( a baby's condition4 ,he %\ld be weigh$ e week dur+ ! fir/ #f mon?s1 once 9 two weeks dur+ ! second #f mon?s1 & once a mon? ?r\gh\t ! #bnd ye>4 ,,muscul> ,,developm5t4--,a baby at bir? is helpless1 & dur+ ! fir/ few mon?s he has little muscul> control4 ,dur+ ! ?ird mon? he ord9>ily beg9s to lift 8 head1 & he c usually hold x up )\t support by ! "t he is #c mon?s old2 :5 #g to #h mon?s old he sits erect & beg9s to play ) toys4 ,f ?is "t a baby makes rapid progress2 he attempts to /& on 8 feet1 beg9s to creep1 & by ! "t he is #ad mon?s old he is usually able to /& alone1 or ev5 to walk a few /eps4 ,he is usually runn+ ab\t )\t difficulty :5 fifte5 or sixte5 mon?s old4 ,babies %\ld nev] be urg$ to walk or to be> _! weight on _! feet4 ,if heal?y !y are g5]ally eag] to g ab\t unaid$1 & l to inve/igate _! surr\nd+s )\t assi/ance4 ,if walk+ is unusually delay$1 a physician %\ld be consult$4 ,,developm5t ,,( ,,special ,,s5ses4--,a new-born baby is unable to di/+ui% objects1 b ! eyes are s5sitive to light & ne$ c>eful protection4 ,he>+1 al?\gh undevelop$ at bir?1 soon becomes acute2 consequ5tly ! *ild %\ld /ay 9 a quiet room4 ,:5 six or eight weeks old he notices objects1 & at ?ree mon?s old he welcomes 8 "m :5 he is hungry4 ,a mon? or two lat] he beg9s to di/+ui% betwe5 famili> & unfamili> faces1 & to %[ approval or disapproval4 ,,developm5t ,,( ,,spee*4--,a baby six or sev5 mon?s old beg9s consci\sly to utt] s\nds1 & usually c say a few unconnect$ words by ! "t he is a ye> old4 ,! av]age *ild1 h[ev]1 does n beg9 to =m s5t5ces ( m ?an two or ?ree words until he is ab\t two ye>s old4 ,,developm5t ,,( ,,tee?4--,! s-call$ milk tee? are tw5ty 9 numb]2 !y are foll[$ by ?irty-two p]man5t tee?4 ,! two l[] front tee? 7c5tral incisors7 g5]ally appe> :5 a *ild is f five to n9e mon?s old1 & 9 f "o to ?ree mon?s lat] ! f\r upp] front tee? 7upp] incisors7 appe>4 ,all ! fir/ or milk tee? %\ld h come ?r\gh by ! "t a *ild is two & a half ye>s old1 b wide v>iations occur bo? 9 ! "t & ord] ( appe>ance & %\ld occasion no uneas9ess if ! *ild seems well4 ,unusual conditions ( any sort %\ld be ref]r$ to ! physician2 x is a great mi/ake to attribute all illness at ?is "t to tee?+4 ,! fir/ ( ! p]man5t tee? appe> :5 a *ild is ab\t six ye>s old4 ,mo!rs sometimes mi/ake ! fir/ p]man5t mol>s = tempor>y tee?1 a mi/ake t frequ5tly leads to neglect & ev5 extraction ( highly important tee?4 ,all b ! la/ f\r mol>s1 sometimes call$ wisdom tee?1 %\ld be ?r\gh by ! "t a *ild is fifte54 ,! wisdom tee? may n appe> be=e ! #bj? or ev5 ! #be? ye>4 ,,normal ,,excretions4--,a new-born baby %\ld h "o or two b[el movem5ts dur+ ! fir/ tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 ! fir/ b[el movem5ts are /icky & almo/ black 9 color4 ,aft] ! baby beg9s to nurse1 ?ree to f\r movem5ts a day are n unusual1 & ?r\gh\t infancy & *ildhood z well z adult life !re %\ld be "o or two evacuations ( ! b[els daily4 ,! "* ( ! /ools is m important ?an ! numb]4 ,:ile ! baby is tak+ milk only1 ! movem5ts %\ld be s(t1 yell[ 9 color1 & ne>ly odorless4 ,*ange 9 frequ5cy ( ! movem5ts1 or appe>ance ( undige/$ food or curds ( milk 9 ! /ool1 %\ld be c>efully not$ & if cont9u$1 report$ to a physician2 !y may be ! fir/ signs ( s]i\s dige/ive tr\ble4 ,! ur9e ( an infant %\ld be odorless & colorless4 ,x %\ld be void$ at lea/ once dur+ ! fir/ tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & mu* m frequ5tly aft] ! baby beg9s to nurse4 ,m>k$ dim9ution 9 ! am\nt ( ur9e %\ld be report$ to a doctor4 ,ef=ts %\ld be made e>ly to develop habits ( regul>ity 9 ! evacuation ( ! bladd] & b[els4 ,if tak5 up regul>ly mo/ *ildr5 le>n to use a *amb] = b[el movem5ts by ! "t !y are ?ree mon?s old4 ,normal *ildr51 if prop]ly tra9$1 usually h no bladd] dis*>ge dur+ ! night aft] !y are #ah mon?s old1 & !y le>n ev5 e>li] to indicate a desire to ur9ate dur+ ! day "t4 ,,clo?+4--,! am\nt & weight ( a baby's clo?+ %\ld dep5d ^u ! season2 b g>m5ts worn next to ! sk91 except ! diap]1 %\ld be :olly or p>tly ( wool1 ! lighte/ weight 9 summ] & heavi] weight 9 w9t]4 ,dur+ ! fir/ few weeks a baby's abdom5 %\ld be support$ by a flannel b9d] ab\t six in*es wide1 appli$ snugly b n tightly en\gh to re/rict ei!r ! abdom5 or *e/ walls4 ,x may be replac$ lat] by a loosely fitt+ knitt$ b& worn = w>m? only4 ,su* a b& is especially necess>y if !re is t5d5cy to di>rha1 b 9 no case %\ld x be disc>d$ be=e ! #ah? mon?4 ,all g>m5ts except ! diap] & fir/ flannel b9d] %\ld hang f ! %\ld]s1 & %\ld fit loosely b well4 ,clo?+ = babies %\ld be ( s(t mat]ials & %\ld be simply made4 ,ev5 ! fir/ clo!s %\ld n be v long4 ,! weight ( v long clo?+ is an unnecess>y burd51 & prev5ts free movem5ts ( ! legs4 ,at night an entire *ange ( clo?+ %\ld be made1 & a nightg[n ( w>m] mat]ial sub/itut$ = ! petticoat & slip4 ,mo/ *ildr5 are dress$ too w>mly indoors1 b 9 l[ temp]atures !y ne$ to be well protect$4 ,diap]s %\ld be s(t & absorb5t4 ,x may be necess>y to wa% new diap]s sev]al times be=e us+ 9 ord] to make !m s(t en\gh4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 n to apply !m too tightly1 or 9 su* a way z to cause pressure on ! g5itals4 ,!y %\ld be *ang$ dur+ ! day :5ev] wet or soil$1 & at night :5 ! baby is tak5 up to be f$4 ,prop] c>e ( diap]s is highly important1 h[ev] labori\s4 ,!y %\ld be well wa%$1 boil$1 & ?or\ghly dri$ be=e !y are us$ a second "t4 ,diap]s t h be5 wet b n soil$ %\ld n be dri$ & us$ aga9 be=e be+ wa%$4 ,mu* "w c be sav$ if pads ( loosely wov5 absorb5t mat]ial are us$ inside ! diap] to receive dis*>ges4 ,! pads c be burn$1 b ev5 if wa%$ ! labor is less ?an wa%+ full siz$ diap]s4 ,l all o!r infant's g>m5ts1 diap]s %\ld be wa%$ ) pure :ite soap & )\t />*4 ,wat]pro( mat]ial us$ to cov] ! diap] is almo/ sure to irritate ! baby's sk91 & is consequ5tly h>mful4 ,,sleep4--,dur+ 8 fir/ few weeks a normal baby sleeps ab\t n9e-t5?s ( ! "t1 & %\ld be left undi/urb$ except = necess>y c>e4 ,he %\ld sleep 9 a crib1 bass9et or basket protect$ f light & drafts2 9 no circum/ances %\ld a baby sleep 9 ! b$ ) 8 "m or any o!r p]son4 ,pill[s are unnecess>y = babies1 & inde$ = old] *ildr51 b if us$ !y %\ld be ?9 & firm4 ,! am\nt ( sleep necess>y gradually dim9i%es1 b dur+ all ! ye>s ( gr[? a *ild ne$s m sleep ?an an adult4 ,! am\nt ( sleep requir$ daily is approximately z foll[s3 ,fir/ mon? #ah to #bj h\rs ,second to six? mon? #af to #ah h\rs ,six? mon? to "o ye> #ad to #ae h\rs ,"o to two ye>s #ac to #ad h\rs ,two to f\r ye>s #aa to #ab h\rs ,aft] ?is "t a *ild %\ld sleep at lea/ t5 h\rs out ( ! tw5ty-f\r4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ye> a nap 9 ! middle ( ! =5oon & ano!r 9 ! aft]noon are desirable4 ,a *ild :o is incl9$ to sleep s long t 8 nap int]f]es ) 8 night's sleep1 %\ld be wak$ f 8 nap1 b at ! same h\r e day4 ,:5 a *ild is a ye> old1 "o nap dur+ ! day is (t5 suffici5t1 if he is do+ well1 b ! habit ( tak+ a nap at "s "t dur+ ! day %\ld be cont9u$ ?r\gh ! fif? ye> if possible1 or ev5 lat]4 ,babies %\ld n be rock$ or o!rwise coax$ to g to sleep2 !y %\ld be made com=table & !n left alone4 ,!y le>n to g to sleep by !mselves z soon z !y are conv9c$ t sleep is expect$ ( !m1 & t no unf\nd$ objections on _! "p w be reg>d$4 ,cont9u$ inability to sleep normally usually indicates discom=t or poor g5]al condition1 & %\ld be tak5 up ) ! doctor4 ,pacifi]s & ?umb-suck+ %\ld n be all[$1 s9ce !y lead to *anges 9 ! %ape ( ! jaw ) result+ imp]fect adju/m5t ( ! tee?4 ,soo?+ syrup & l m$ic9es %\ld nev] be giv5 to a baby2 dea? or p]man5t injury has result$ f _! use4 ,x is impossible to emphasize too /rongly ! dang] ( giv+ !m ev5 a s+le "t4 ,,fre% ,,air4--,all t has be5 said ab\t ! importance ( fre% air = adults applies ) ev5 great] =ce to infants & *ildr54 ,dur+ 8 fir/ mon? especially a baby is susceptible to draughts2 nev]!less1 ! room %\ld be well v5tilat$ & its temp]ature kept betwe5 #fh & #gj ,f4 dur+ ! day1 & at ab\t #fe ,f4 at night4 ,ev5 9 cold wea!r ! room %\ld be well air$ two or ?ree times a day2 ! baby %\ld be remov$ to ano!r room :ile ! w9d[s are op54 ,aft] ! baby is ?ree or f\r mon?s old ! w9d[s may be left op5 at night provid$ ! outside temp]ature does n fall bel[ freez+4 ,a heal?y baby two or ?ree weeks old may be tak5 out-(-doors = a %ort "t 9 mild wea!r2 :5 he is ?ree mon?s old he may be tak5 out-(-doors ev5 9 w9t] on bright sunny days4 ,! "t sp5t out-(-doors %\ld be gradually increas$ until ! baby /ays out ! great] "p ( ! day2 b he %\ld n be expos$ to /orms1 w9d1 fly+ du/1 dampness1 extremes ( temp]ature1 or insects4 ,! eyes %\ld n be cov]$ by veils1 b !y %\ld be %ield$ f ! direct rays ( ! sun at all times4 ,,diet4--,a baby1 9 ord] to ?rive1 mu/ h suitable food1 giv5 at regul> int]vals4 ,dur+ ! fir/ few mon?s ( life no o!r food c take ! place ( "m's milk4 ,brea/-f$ babies are m robu/ ?an bottle-f$ babies2 m ?an ?is1 !y are less likely to contract infecti\s diseases or to suff] f dige/ive disord]s4 ,! numb] ( bottle-f$ babies :o die e ye> is ?ree times z great z ! numb] ( brea/-f$ babies :o die4 ,_m mo!rs d n und]/& ! risk involv$ 9 wean+ small babies2 & s e ye> _m little lives are lo/1 & lo/ ne$lessly4 ,:5 pov]ty =ces nurs+ mo!rs to wean _! babies & seek "w outside _! homes1 "o c only say t a society :i* tol]ates su* a wa/e ( infant life is inde$ reg>dless ( its own welf>e4 ,special conditions1 ( c\rse1 may make x undesirable = a "m to nurse h] baby4 ,no "o b ! physician is compet5t to decide ?is2 n ev5 neighbors1 gr&mo!rs1 o!r memb]s ( ! family1 or ! "m h]self4 ,:]e artificial fe$+ mu/ be us$1 x %\ld be c>efully adapt$ to ! individual *ild1 & 9 consequ5ce x mu/ be prescrib$ by ! doctor4 ,pat5t foods1 not)/&+ ! claims on _! pr9t$ labels1 %\ld be us$ only "u 8 advice4 ,,int]vals ,,( ,,fe$+4--,little milk is secret$ dur+ ! fir/ two days aft] ! bir? ( a *ild4 ,! baby %\ld1 nev]!less1 be put to ! brea/ z soon z he has _h 8 fir/ ba?1 if ! "m is suffici5tly re/$4 ,always be=e & aft] nurs+ ! "m's nipples %\ld be wa%$ 9 wat] t has be5 boil$4 ,nurs+ %\ld be repeat$ at int]vals ( six h\rs dur+ ! fir/ two days4 ,! foll[+ s*$ule = ! fe$+ ( heal?y babies is giv5 by ,holt 9 ,c>e & ,fe$+ ( ,infants4 7#aiag47 ,,s*$ule ,,= ,,heal?y ,,infants ,,= ,,! ,,fir/ ,,ye> ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,int]val ,night ,no4 ( ,quantity ,quantity ,age betwe5 fe$+s1 fe$+s1 = "o = #bd meals by #f p4m4 9 #bd fe$+ h\rs day to h\rs #f a4m4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,h\rs ,ounces ,ounces #b;d to #g? day #c #b #g #a-b #a-ad #b;d & #c;d weeks #c #b #g #b-c #ad-bd #d? to #f? week #c #b #g #c-d #ba-bh #g? week to #c mos4 #c #b #g #c-e #be-ce #c to #e mon?s #c #a #f #d-f #bg-cf #e to #g mon?s #c #a #f #e-f #cc-ci #g to #ab mon?s #d #a #e #g-h #ce-dc ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,dur+ ! p]iod :5 sev5 fe$+s are giv5 9 #bd h\rs ! foll[+ h\rs w be f\nd conv5i5t3 #f a4m41 #i a4m41 #ab m41 #c p4m41 #f p4m41 #aj p4m4 & #b a4m4 ,! #b a4m4 fe$+ is ! "o omitt$ :5 ! numb] ( fe$+s is r$uc$ f sev5 to six4 ,food %\ld be giv5 on exact s*$ule "t2 ! baby if asleep %\ld be wak$ = any meal except ! "o due at #b a4m4 ,,wat]4--,pure boil$ wat] %\ld be giv5 regul>ly ev5 to a "y baby4 ,he is (t5 satisfi$ ) a little w>m wat] if he is fretful betwe5 ! h\rs ( nurs+4 ,wat] may be giv5 f a cup1 a spoon1 or a bottle2 x is desirable1 h[ev]1 = ! baby to le>n to dr9k f a cup be=e ! p]iod ( wean+ beg9s4 ,,wean+4--,ord9>ily1 a baby %\ld be f$ f ! brea/ until he is sev5 mon?s old1 ei!r exclusively or ) ! exception aft] ! second mon? ( "o bottle-fe$+ 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,?is exception w d ! baby no h>m & may be a great relief to 8 "m4 ,p>tial brea/-fe$+ %\ld cont9ue if possible ?r\gh ! n9? mon?1 b e baby %\ld be entirely wean$ by ! "t he is "o ye> old4 ,x may be necess>y1 if ei!r ! baby or ! "m is n ?riv+1 to *ange ! food be=e ! n9? mon?2 b x is desirable n to make ! *ange 9 hot wea!r4 ,heal?y babies1 x %\ld be rememb]$1 increase 9 weight con/antly1 & /eady ga9 9 weight is ! be/ indication t a baby's food is suitable4 ,,nurs+ ,,bottles ,,& ,,nipples4--,nurs+ bottles %\ld be ( heavy glass1 cyl9drical 9 %ape1 )\t angles or corn]s to make clean+ difficult4 ,! numb] ( bottles provid$ %\ld be two or ?ree m ?an ! numb] ( fe$+s giv5 9 #bd h\rs4 ,%ort black rubb] nipples :i* slip ov] ! neck ( ! bottles %\ld be select$4 ,!y %\ld be ( su* a %ape t !y c easily be turn$ inside out2 a nipple turn] co/s little1 & is well wor? ! price4 ,nipples %\ld be disc>d$ :5 !y become s(t or :5 ! op5+ gr[s s l>ge t ! milk runs 9 a /ream r ?an drop by drop4 ,z soon z ! baby has f9i%$ 8 meal1 ! bottle %\ld be remov$ f 8 m\?1 r9s$ 9 cle> hot wat]1 & left /&+ fill$ ) cold wat] until a conv5i5t "t = boil+ all ! bottles to be us$ dur+ ! next #bd h\rs4 ,suffici5t "t mu/ be all[$ = ! bottles to cool ?or\ghly betwe5 ! "t :5 !y are boil$ & ! "t :5 !y are refill$4 ,:5 x is "t to boil ! bottles !y %\ld be plac$ 9 an agate or o!r suitable kettle1 cov]$ ) wat]1 & boil$ vigor\sly = ?ree m9utes4 ,a clo? plac$ 9 ! bottom ( ! kettle w help to prev5t ! bottles f break+4 ,aft] ! bottles h be5 remov$ f ! boil+ wat]1 !y %\ld be /opp]$ at once1 ei!r ) rubb] /opp]s or plugs ( /]ile cotton4 ,! /opp]s1 if us$1 %\ld be boil$ ) ! bottles2 /]ile cotton may be pur*as$ by ! package4 ,an easy & satisfactory me?od to c>e = rubb] nipples is ! foll[+3 ,provide z _m nipples z ! numb] ( fe$+s giv5 9 #bd h\rs1 & ano!r1 if desir$1 to be us$ 9 case ( accid5t2 provide also two cups ( ord9>y :ite enamel1 ea* "o l>ge en\gh to hold all ! nipples at once4 ,"o cup %\ld h a cov]2 ! o!r %\ld n4 ,to avoid mi/akes x is well to h ! cups diff]5t 9 %ape4 ,z soon z ea* fe$+ is f9i%$ ! nipple %\ld be ?or\ghly cleans$ "u runn+ wat] by scrubb+ x inside & out ) a nipple bru%4 ,! nipple ?us cleans$ is plac$ 9 ! cup )\t a cov]4 ,:5 all ! nipples h be5 us$1 cleans$1 & collect$ 9 ! uncov]$ cup1 !y are transf]r$ into ! o!r cup2 wat] is add$1 ! cup is cov]$ & its cont5ts are boil$ = ?ree m9utes4 ,! nipples rema9 cov]$ 9 ! boil$ wat] until ne$$2 !y are remov$ "o by "o = ! successive fe$+s4 ,c>e mu/ be us$ 9 remov+ a nipple to take x by ! rim1 n to t\* o!r nipples dur+ ! process & n to dip ! f+]s into ! wat]4 ,! be/ way is to remove !m by means ( a glass rod1 :i* is boil$ ) ! nipples & kept ) !m 9 ! cup :5 n 9 use4 ,!re are sev]al advantages ( ?is me?od ( c>+ = nipples3 x is easy2 x r$uces to a m9imum ! necess>y h&l+ ( ! nipples aft] boil+2 & x r$uces ! probability ( us+ ! wrong nipple1 s9ce boil$ nipples are always 9 "o k9d ( receptacle & us$ nipples 9 ano!r4 ,x also prev5ts ! too common practice ( cont9u+ to keep nipples 9 a suppos$ly antiseptic solution long aft] ! solution has become badly soil$4 ,,tables ( diet = *ildr5 ov] "o ye> ( age may be f\nd 9 ! ,app5dix1 page #cbb4 ,,ba?+4--,usually ! cord has sep>at$ & ! navel has entirely heal$ by ! "t a baby is #aj days old4 ,aft] ?is "t a daily tub ba? %\ld be giv52 x %\ld be giv5 n less ?an "o h\r aft] fe$+4 ,! temp]ature ( ! room %\ld be f #gj-gb1 measur$ by a !rmomet] plac$ 9 ! "p ( ! room :]e ! ba? is to take place4 ,9 ord] to avoid *ill+ or tir+ ! baby ! ba? %\ld be giv5 quickly1 )\t confusion or int]ruption2 success c be a*iev$ by us+ ev5 a mod]ate am\nt ( =esight4 ,be=e undress+ ! baby ev]y?+ to be us$ %\ld be collect$ & plac$ )9 easy rea*1--clean clo?+1 s(t t[els1 #b wa% clo?s1 pure :ite soap1 p[d]1 absorb5t cotton1 etc4 ,! ba? tub %\ld la/ ( all be fill$ ) wat]1 & its temp]ature te/$ by means ( a ba? !rmomet]4 ,! temp]ature ( ! wat] %\ld be f #ih to #ajj4 ,aft] ! baby is ?ree mon?s old slightly cool] wat] %\ld be spla%$ ov] 8 *e/1 back1 neck1 & arms j aft] he is remov$ f ! tub1 & z he gr[s old] ! temp]ature ( 8 cool spla% c be r$uc$4 ,*ildr5 :o become accu/om$ to cool wat] 9 ?is way take k9dly to _! cold %[]s lat]4 ,! baby's face %\ld be wa%$ fir/ & dri$ c>efully1 :ile 8 body is /ill cov]$4 ,next ! head %\ld be wa%$2 a little soap %\ld be us$1 b x mu/ on no acc\nt ent] ! eyes4 ,next ! entire body %\ld be soap$ ) ! h&2 & !n ! baby %\ld be plac$ g5tly 9 ! ba?1 8 head & %\ld]s support$ by ! att5dant's left h& & =e>m4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to r9se (f all ! soap4 ,! baby %\ld n /ay 9 ! tub m ?an #b or #c m9utes2 aft] he has be5 remov$ f ! tub he %\ld be wrapp$ at once 9 a s(t ba? t[el4 ,he %\ld be dri$ g5tly b ?or\ghly by patt+ ) s(t1 w>m t[els r ?an by rubb+4 ,folds ( ! sk9 %\ld be dri$ ) special c>e4 ,a little p[d] may be appli$1 b a baby :o is kept bo? clean & dry w n ne$ mu* p[d]1 if any4 ,! baby %\ld next be quickly dress$1 ) z little turn+ & mov+ z possible4 ,clo?+ %\ld be drawn on ov] ! feet in/ead ( ov] ! head1 & ! petticoat %\ld be plac$ inside ! slip s t ! two g>m5ts may g on simultane\sly4 ,,eyes4--,secretion accumulat+ 9 ! corn]s ( a baby's eyes %\ld be remov$ by means ( a bit ( absorb5t cotton moi/5$ 9 boil$ wat]4 ,! secretion %\ld be wip$ away g5tly2 a diff]5t piece ( cotton %\ld be us$ = ea* eye1 & a piece t has be5 us$ %\ld n be put back into ! wat]4 ,fur!r ?an ?is1 eyes 9 a normal condition d n ne$ cleans+4 ,e p]son :o h&les a baby %\ld be v sure t h] h&s are clean2 %e %\ld be d\bly sure be=e %e t\*es 8 eyes1 s9ce a baby's eyes are peculi>ly susceptible to infection f any s\rce4 ,m ?an a qu>t] ( all totally bl9d p]sons 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates became bl9d by infection ( ! eyes at bir?4 ,bl9dness ( ! new born c be prev5t$ 9 practically all cases if ! doctor uses a prep>ation ( silv] 9 ! baby's eyes imm$iately aft] bir?4 ,?is treatm5t is effective & entirely safe4 ,if at any "t ! eyelids look r$ or swoll51 or if a drop ( matt] appe>s betwe5 ! lids1 ! physician %\ld be summon$ at once4 ,total bl9dness may result if treatm5t is delay$ ev5 a few h\rs4 ,,m\?4--,! m\? %\ld be r9s$ aft] fe$+ by giv+ ! baby a teaspoonful ( boil$ wat]4 ,until ! tee? come x does n require o!r cleans+1 & attempts to clean x may injure ! delicate membranes t l9e x4 ,inde$1 except 9 an em]g5cy1 f+]s %\ld n be ins]t$ into a baby's m\?4 ,! tee? :5 !y appe> %\ld be clean$ by means ( a s(t too?-bru%4 ,,no/rils4--,! no/rils ne$ no clean+ o!r ?an removal ( mucus t c easily be rea*$ by means ( a piece ( cotton4 ,if a little vasel9e is plac$ 9 ! no/rils on a small piece ( absorb5t cotton 9 ! e>ly morn+1 collections ( mucus w usually be s(t5$ s t !y c be remov$ easily at ba? "t4 ,,g5ital ,,organs4--,! g5ital organs ( girl babies %\ld be g5tly wa%$ twice a day1 us+ absorb5t cotton1 & tepid wat]4 ,treatm5t o!r ?an cleanl9ess is ord9>ily unnecess>y4 ,vasel9e may be appli$ if ! g5itals are slightly r$d5$2 any dis*>ge or abnormal appe>ance %\ld be report$ to ! doctor4 ,9 ! case ( boy babies ! =esk9 %\ld be g5tly drawn back twice a week aft] imm]sion 9 ! tub2 aft] ! p>ts h be5 g5tly wa%$ ) absorb5t cotton1 x %\ld be drawn =w>d aga94 ,no =ce %\ld be employ$ 9 retract+ ! =esk92 ! physician %\ld be consult$ if x _c be retract$ easily4 ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,habits4--,dur+ 8 fir/ few mon?s cry+ is a *ild's only means ( expression1 & he quickly le>ns to make effective use ( 8 limit$ opportunities4 ,x is important = ! "m to di/+ui% betwe5 cry+ caus$ by pa91 illness1 or hung]1 & cry+ caus$ by temp]4 ,^! cries are m or less di/9ctive1 b no "o c be sure 9 e case j :at a cry+ baby is attempt+ to express4 ,a cry caus$ by hung] is fretful & (t5 int]rupt$ by suck+ ! ?umb2 x ceases :5 ! *ild is f$4 ,a cry caus$ by indige/ion is simil>2 ! *ild is reliev$ = a %ort "t by fe$+1 b soon beg9s to cry aga94 ,if he has acute pa91 su* z e>a*e1 ! cry is %>p1 repeat$ at frequ5t int]vals & accompani$ by o!r symptoms ( di/ress1 su* z re/lessness1 contraction ( ! features1 & draw+ up ! legs4 ,9 s]i\s illness ! cry is usually feeble1 fairly con/ant except :5 ! *ild is asleep1 & exagg]at$ by slight causes4 ,a limit$ am\nt ( cry+ is useful ex]cise = a baby1 & %\ld n di/ress 8 "m unduly4 ,moreov]1 cry+ may be m]ely ! expression ( a wi% to be tak5 up1 to be play$ )1 c>ri$ ab\t or o!rwise amus$1 to be giv5 a pacifi]1 or to be indulg$ 9 o!r bad habits4 ,if n indulg$ 9 ^! ways he may cry f temp]4 ,! cry ( temp] is l\d & viol5t1 accompani$ by vigor\s kick+ or by hold+ ! body rigid4 ,prop] treatm5t ( ! baby may prev5t _m mon?s ( discom=t1 & sp>e him ! =mation ( 8 fir/ bad habit4 ,all o!r possible causes = cry+ %\ld be elim9at$4 ,if ! *ild cont9ues to cry :5 he is w>m & dry & com=table1 ,x %\ld simply be all[$ to cry x out4 ,?is (t5 requires an h\r & 9 extreme cases two or ?ree h\rs4 ,a second /ruggle w seldom la/ m ?an t5 or fifte5 m9utes & a ?ird w r>ely be necess>y 7,holt74 ,gas may =m 9 ! *ild's /oma* dur+ prolong$ cry+4 ,x is consequ5tly p]missible to take him up aft] #ae m9utes1 & hold him erect2 he g5]ally expels gas at once1 & imm$iately exp]i5ces relief4 ,z soon z he is reliev$1 he %\ld g back to 8 crib4 ,,ex]cise4--,ex]cise is ess5tial to ! developm5t ( ! body1 b dur+ ! fir/ few weeks w>m? & quiet are s important t a baby %\ld n be di/urb$ except = necess>y c>e4 ,8 position1 h[ev]1 %\ld be *ang$ occasionally2 if he lies on ! same side con/antly ! s(t bones ( ! head may become mis%ap5 f pressure4 ,z ! baby gr[s old] he ne$s m ex]cise1 & he may be giv5 an opportunity = x by remov+ 8 out] clo?+ & plac+ him on a b$ 9 a w>m room = a %ort "t ea* day4 ,unnecess>y h&l+ is n good = a baby at any age4 ,aft] he becomes m active1 he may play on a mattress or ?ick blanket plac$ on ! floor4 ,! blanket %\ld be cov]$ ) a wa%able pad or rubb] clo? & clean %eet1 & ! :ole %\ld be surr\nd$ by a f5ce at lea/ two feet high4 ,9 su* an enclosure a baby may safely be left to play if protect$ f draughts & cold4 ,elevat$ p5s t c be fold$ :5 n 9 use are m conv5i5t b m exp5sive ?an ! home-made arrangem5t4 ,z soon z a *ild beg9s to run ab\t he takes ample ex]cise1 & he may ev5 ne$ to be gu>d$ f too great fatigue1 especially t[>d b$time4 ,games & play %\ld be adapt$ to ! age ( ! *ild & suffici5tly v>i$ to ex]cise all portions ( ! body2 b !y %\ld n be too viol5t nor too prolong$4 ,"s sup]vision ( *ildr5's play is necess>y1 b !y %\ld be giv5 z mu* fre$om z possible & all[$ to develop _! own initiative4 ,,play ,,& ,,toys4--,! desire = play does n develop until a *ild is ab\t six mon?s old4 ,at ?is age toys t c be wa%$1 su* z ^? ( h>d or s(t rubb]1 %\ld be select$4 ,a baby in/9ctively c>ries ev]y?+ to 8 m\?1--fir/ 8 ?umb1 !n play?+s1 & lat] :atev] he may f9d1 no matt] h[ unsuitable4 ,= 8 safety & protection ?is habit %\ld be ov]come z soon z possible1 & he mu/ le>n to put no?+ 9 8 m\? except food & dr9k4 ,relatives are ne>ly always tempt$ to give too _m & too fragile toys2 !y m]ely tea* a *ild to be de/ructive & con/antly to expect some?+ new4 ,toys are ! fir/ possessions ( :i* a *ild is consci\s1 & ?r\gh !m _m desirable qualities may be develop$3 neatness & ord]1 g5tl5ess & a feel+ ( protection t[>d ! helpless doll or ,t$dy be>1 & unselfi%ness 9 %>+ special treasures ) playmates4 ,lat] ! *ild may be giv5 pets & made responsible = _! c>e2 b animals %\ld n be subject$ to un9t5tional cruelties f small *ildr54 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,:at two factors are *iefly responsible = ! dea?s ( babies "u a ye> old8 ,:at o!r factors contribute8 ,9 y\r city or t[n :at is ! numb] ( dea?s p] #ajjj bir?s ( babies "u "o ye> old8 #b4 ,:y is bir? regi/ration important to an individual8 to a community8 ,is x requir$ by law 9 y\r city8 #c4 ,:at is ! av]age weight ( babies at bir?8 ,describe ! rate at :i* !y %\ld ga94 #d4 ,at :at age may a normal *ild be expect$ to sit erect8 to /&8 to walk8 to speak8 ,:5 %\ld 8 fir/ tee? appe>8 8 p]man5t tee?8 #e4 ,describe normal b[el movem5ts ( a baby4 #f4 ,h[ %\ld a "y baby be dress$8 #g4 ,describe a baby's ba? & toilet4 #h4 ,describe ! surr\nd+s t are suitable = a baby4 #i4 ,:at is ! be/ food = a heal?y baby8 ,:y8 #aj4 ,describe 9 detail a good daily program = a heal?y baby f\r mon?s old4 #aa4 ,:at habits are desirable = a baby to =m1 & h[ may he be tra9$ s t he w =m !m8 #ab4 ,"n all ! indications t w\ld tell y :5 a baby 0 n ?riv+1 & 9 ea* case tell :at y w\ld d ab\t x4 ,,= ,,fur!r ,,read+ ,! ,c>e & ,fe$+ ( ,*ildr5--,holt4 ,! ,c>e & ,fe$+ ( ! ,baby--,truby ,k+4 ,! ,baby's ,fir/ ,two ,ye>s--,r4 ,m4 ,smi?4 ,! ,c>e & ,fe$+ ( ,*ildr5--,j4 ,l4 ,morse4 ,prev5tive ,m$ic9e & ,hygi5e--,ros5au1 ,section ,,iii1 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,pamphlets3 ,pr5atal ,c>e1 ,mrs4 ,max ,we/4 ,infant ,c>e1 ,mrs4 ,max ,we/4 ,*ild ,c>e1 ,mrs4 ,max ,we/4 ,publi%$ by ! ,*ildr5's ,bureau1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,labor1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 7,free on reque/47 ,! ,c>e ( ! ,baby--,supplem5t ,no4 #aj to ! ,public ,heal? ,reports1 #aiac1 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,y\r ,baby3 ,h[ to ,keep ,x ,well--,new ,york ,/ate ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal?1 ,albany4 ,publications ( ! ,am]ican ,association = ! ,/udy & ,prev5tion ( ,infant ,mortality--#abaa ,ca!dral ,/reet1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 7,free on reque/47 ,publications ( ! ,national ,committee = ! ,prev5tion ( ,bl9dness--#acj ,ea/ #bb;d ,/reet1 ,new ,york ,city4 7,free on reque/47 ,,footnotes3 #a ,an area includ+ ab\t two-?irds ( ! population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,indications ,,( ,,sickness ,by indications ( sickness we mean all evid5ces ( deviation f a normal physical condition4 ,!y may be app>5t only to ! p]son 9 :om !y occur1 or to a second p]son only1 or to bo?4 ,^! deviations1 commonly call$ ! symptoms ( sickness1 are always important to notice1 :e!r ! conditions !y indicate are s]i\s or n4 ,e>ly symptoms ( sickness are (t5 slight2 h5ce !y easily pass unnotic$4 ,yet a slight tr\ble1 easily *eck$ 9 its e>ly /ages1 may1 if neglect$1 gr[ into a s]i\s or ev5 fatal disord]3 j z a burn+ mat*1 :i* anyone c\ld ext+ui% in/antly1 may k9dle a fire beyond ! p[] ( an entire city to control4 ,x is important1 !n1 to notice ev5 slight symptoms ( sickness1 fir/1 9 ord] to det]m9e ! nature ( ! tr\ble1 & second1 9 ord] to in/itute treatm5t z e>ly z possible4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 h>dly less important to obs]ve symptoms accurately dur+ ! entire c\rse ( an illness4 ,a pati5t's progress c be det]m9$ only by c>eful comp>ison betwe5 pres5t & pa/ conditions4 ,_m symptoms c be detect$ only by me?ods requir+ sci5tific app>atus z well z ! k & skill ( a physician1 b v pron\nc$ symptoms are g5]ally evid5t to anyone4 ,! neighbors d n ne$ to be told :5 a p]son has advanc$ tub]culosis2 nei!r is an exp]t requir$ to see t some?+ ails a man ) a brok5 leg4 ,fur!rmore less pron\nc$ symptoms may (t5 be cle>ly se5 by any obs]vant p]son1 ev5 by ^? n specially tra9$4 ,accord+ly x is important = e woman :o has *>ge ( o!rs1 sick or well1 to =m ! habit ( notic+ unusual appe>ances ( any k9d4 ,?is habit is "o t mo/ p mu/ take pa9s to acquire1 because p g5]ally see only ! ?+s t _! own exp]i5ce 9 life has taught !m to see4 ,an add$ difficulty is ! fact t :5 illness beg9s x is n a tra9$ obs]v]1 b ! untra9$ suff]] or untra9$ memb] ( 8 family :o decides :e!r to s5d = ! doctor & ?us to set 9 motion ! ma*9]y = treatm5t & cure4 ,all ! tra9+ & exp]i5ce ( a physician are requir$ 9 ord] to decide :at symptoms indicate1 & to prescribe prop] rem$ies4 ,diagnosis1 or ! process ( det]m9+ ! nature ( illness f ! symptoms obs]v$1 is (t5 exce$+ly difficult2 x mu/ take into consid]ation n "o symptom only b ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( a numb] ( symptoms4 ,untra9$ p]sons :o attempt to make diagnoses are frequ5tly l$ a/ray by ! fact t actual causes ( tr\ble may be situat$ f> f ! places :]e symptoms are felt or obs]v$4 ,= in/ance1 ! real cause ( heada*e may lie 9 a region f> remov$ f ! head2 & s-call$ he>t-burn1 :i* is caus$ by disord]$ dige/ion1 has no?+ to d ) ! he>t4 ,aga91 an e>ly symptom ( tub]culosis ( ! hip jo9t is pa9 "u ! knee2 a "m is cle>ly n do+ ! be/ ?+ :5 %e assumes t any pa9 9 a jo9t means rheumatism1 & !re=e doses h] suff]+ *ild ) ! m$ic9e t help$ 8 rheumatic gr&fa!r4 ,no untra9$ p]son is equipp$ to make a diagnosis1 & /ill less to prescribe m$ic9e or treatm5t4 ,symptoms1 l all o!r =ms ( discom=t1 t5d to tr\ble a pati5t 9 proportion to ! am\nt ( att5tion t he gives !m4 ,h5ce1 9 ord] to avoid call+ 8 att5tion to !m unnecess>ily !y %\ld be obs]v$ s f> z possible )\t 8 k2 :5 x is unavoidable = him to realize :at is go+ on1 obs]vation %\ld be made a matt] ( r\t9e1 s t 8 int]e/ may n be especially excit$4 ,= in/ance1 ev]yone :o has se5 ! r\t9e m$ical inspection ( s*ool *ildr5 realizes h[ little att5tion ! *ildr5 !mselves give to ! process1 app>5tly reg>d+ x m]ely z "o ( ! _m inexplicable proce$+s ( gr[n p4 ,on ! o!r h&1 *ildr5 :o "k _! symptoms are ov]-anxi\sly wat*$ soon le>n to wat* !mselves & to exagg]ate e little a*e & pa94 ,symptoms may be divid$ into two classes3 fir/1 objective symptoms1 or ^? t c be not$ by an obs]v]1 l c\gh1 pulse rate1 or color ( ! sk92 & second1 ! subjective symptoms1 :i* are app>5t only to ! p]son affect$1 l pa9 & fatigue4 ,! success ( any woman :o c>es = ! sick dep5ds to a l>ge ext5t ^u h] quickness & accuracy 9 notic+ & report+ ^! symptoms & _! v>iations4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t pron\nc$ symptoms are n ! only ones ( importance3 ev5 slight symptoms t cont9ue ov] an appreciable l5g? ( "t may be ( v great importance4 ,a brief description ( "s important symptoms foll[s1 9 ord] to help p]sons )\t te*nical tra9+ to describe ! symptoms z well z to obs]ve !m4 ,,objective ,,symptoms ,,temp]ature4--,bodily heat is produc$ by sl[ burn+ ( food mat]ials1 :i* goes on = ! mo/ "p 9 actively work+ muscles & gl&s4 ,heat ?us g5]at$ is di/ribut$ by ! blood to all p>ts ( ! body1 b ! surface ( ! body is g5]ally cool] ?an ! int]ior4 ,9 heal? ! body temp]ature v>ies only a few degrees1 no matt] h[ mu* ! temp]ature ( its surr\nd+s v>ies2 consequ5tly a temp]ature is abnormal if x is high] or l[] ?an ! usual temp]ature ( a heal?y p]son4 ,! temp]ature is tak5 by means ( a cl9ical !rmomet] plac$ ei!r 9 ! m\?1 ! rectum1 or ! armpit 7axilla74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4--;,,cl9ical ,,!rmomet]4 ,to take ! m\? temp]ature1 fir/ wa% ! !rmomet]1 us+ cold wat] & absorb5t cotton or clean s(t clo?4 ,next %ake x until ! m]cury ?read regi/]s #if or bel[4 ,x is well be=e pur*as+ a !rmomet] to see :e!r x c be %ak5 d[n easily4 ,next place ! !rmomet] 9 ! pati5t's m\?1 ) its bulb "u 8 tongue2 he mu/ !n keep 8 lips clos$ until x is remov$4 ,leave ! !rmomet] 9 8 m\? = two m9utes4 ,!n remove ! !rmomet]1 read ! temp]ature & record ! result4 ,clean ! !rmomet] at once1 us+ fir/ cold wat] & soap1 & !n alcohol1 #gj4 ,! m\? temp]ature ( a heal?y p]son is ab\t #ih4f ,f4 ,?is /atem5t holds true if ! p]son has be5 sitt+ ) 8 m\? %ut = a little :ile be=e 8 temp]ature is tak52 b a hot ba?1 brea?+ ?r\gh ! m\?1 eat+ or dr9k+1 & s =? may cause m>k$ tempor>y *anges4 ,! temp]ature 9 ! rectum g5]ally v>ies less ?an ! temp]ature 9 ! m\? unless x is tak5 :5 ! rectum conta9s fecal matt]4 ,! temp]ature %\ld be tak5 by rectum 9 babies & "y *ildr51 re/less1 dr[sy1 or deliri\s pati5ts1 pati5ts :o _c be tru/$ to keep ! !rmomet] "u ! tongue1 m\? brea!rs1 & 9 any pati5ts :o h difficulty 9 keep+ ! m\? %ut4 ,! temp]ature is normally ab\t half a degree high] 9 ! rectum ?an 9 ! m\?4 ,9 ord] to take a temp]ature by rectum1 adults g5]ally f9d x m conv5i5t to lie on ! side & pref]1 if !y are able1 to ins]t & hold ! !rmomet] !mselves2 b ! att5dant %\ld be c]ta9 t !y c d s )\t break+ ! !rmomet]4 ,rectal !rmomet]s %\ld be lubricat$ ) oil or vasel9e be=e us+2 !y %\ld be ins]t$ ab\t two in*es1 left 9 ?ree m9utes1 & cleans$ 9 ! same way z ! m\? !rmomet]4 ,a !rmomet] us$ to take rectal temp]atures %\ld nev] be us$ 9 ! m\?4 ,9 tak+ ! temp]ature ( a baby place him on 8 back1 hold him firmly ) 8 legs elevat$1 & c>efully ins]t ! bulb ( ! !rmomet]1 well oil$1 = ab\t "o in*4 ,keep ! *ild quiet1 & hold ! !rmomet] 9 place ?ree m9utes4 ,great importance %\ld n be atta*$ to a slight fev] ( %ort duration4 ,! temp]ature ( a *ild is mu* m easily affect$ by slight causes ?an t ( an adult1 & rectal temp]atures betwe5 #ig4e & #ajj4e %\ld n cause anxiety unless cont9u$4 ,temp]atures tak5 9 ! axilla are less accurate ?an ^? tak5 by m\? or rectum4 ,consequ5tly ! me?od is less (t5 us$4 ,! axilla %\ld fir/ be wip$2 !n ! !rmomet] %\ld be ins]t$ & held = #e m9utes by press+ ! arm tightly aga9/ ! *e/ wall4 ,! temp]ature 9 ! axilla is normally ab\t half a degree l[] ?an 9 ! m\?4 ,! temp]ature v>ies some:at accord+ to ! "t ( day4 ,x is n unusual = ! m\? temp]ature ( p]sons :o are entirely heal?y to be z l[ z #ig 9 ! e>ly morn+1 or z high z #ii 9 ! late aft]noon1 & probably mo/ p's temp]atures v>y z mu* z a degree dur+ ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,ev5 great] v>iations t are n long cont9u$ h little if any significance 9 p :o feel well4 ,decid$ v>iations ei!r above or bel[ normal are highly important symptoms4 ,a temp]ature bel[ #ih is call$ subnormal1 & "o above #ii4e is call$ fev]4 ,! numb] ( degrees ( fev] does n necess>ily be> a direct relation to ! sev]ity ( an illness4 ,?us1 x does n foll[ t "o p]son is twice z sick z ano!r1 because 8 temp]ature is twice z _m degrees above normal4 ,all symptoms1 includ+ v>iations 9 temp]ature1 mu/ be consid]$ 9 connection ) "o ano!r1 & x is g5]ally impossible to /ate ! significance ( any "o symptom tak5 by itself4 ,! temp]ature %\ld be tak5 once or twice a day z a matt] ( r\t9e 9 almo/ e =m ( illness1 & (t5] :5 ! pati5t's condition requires x4 ,also x %\ld be tak5 z a matt] ( r\t9e :5ev] !re is indication ( beg9n+ sickness2 especially :5 !re is heada*e1 pa91 sore ?roat1 coat$ tongue1 c\gh or cold1 *ill1 vomit+1 di>rha1 or ra%4 ,x is n a good plan to take "o's own temp]ature (t5] ?an necess>y1 or inde$ anyone's2 c]ta9ly n a baby's1 s9ce frequ5t use ( ! !rmomet] may irritate ! rectum4 ,,pulse4--,ea* "t ! he>t beats1 blood is =c$ out f ! he>t into ! art]ies1 ?us caus+ an expansion ( ! art]ial walls4 ,?is expansion1 call$ ! pulse1 c be felt 9 "s places :]e art]ies lie close to ! surface ( ! body4 ,! "* ( ! pulse beat & its rate1 or ! numb] ( times ! beat occurs ea* m9ute1 give in=mation ab\t ! he>t & blood vessels2 tak5 toge!r !y are p]haps m important ?an any o!r "o symptom4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4--,,tak+ ,,! ,,pulse ,,at ,,! ,,wri/4 ,,note ,,! ,,position ,,( ,,arm4 7,f ,elem5t>y ,nurs+ ,proc$ures1 ,cali=nia ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,heal?47 ,! pulse rate v>ies mu* m ?an ! temp]ature4 ,x diff]s 9 diff]5t individuals & at diff]5t ages1 & x (t5 %[s great tempor>y *anges1 especially dur+ ex]cise or eat+1 or z a result ( excitem5t1 fe>1 or o!r emotion4 ,def9ite /atem5ts 9 reg>d to normal pulse rates are h>d to make1 because diff]5t individuals ?\gh 9 p]fect heal? %[ m>k$ v>iations2 we g5]ally say1 h[ev]1 t ! pulse rate ( a normal man at re/ is ab\t #gb a m9ute1 & t ( a normal woman is ab\t #hj a m9ute4 ,at bir? ! pulse is quicke/2 x may !n be f #abd to #add4 ,f ! #f? to ! #ab? mon? x may be f #aje to #aae a m9ute1 & f #ij to #aje betwe5 ! #b;d & #f? ye>s4 ,ab\t ! "t ( pub]ty x rea*es ! adult rate1 & dur+ old age x may be decid$ly sl[] ?an ! adult rate4 ,:at we *iefly want to "k ab\t ! pulse is #a4 ,its rate1 or numb] ( beats p] m9ute1 #b4 ,its =ce1--:e!r weak or /rong1 #c4 ,its rhy?m1--:e!r regul> or irregul>4 ,mu* practice is necess>y be=e ! pulse rate c be c\nt$ ) any degree ( accuracy1 & wide exp]i5ce ) bo? normal & abnormal pulses is requir$ 9 ord] to judge its /r5g?1 rhy?m1 or o!r *>act]i/ics4 ,! pulse may be felt mo/ conv5i5tly on ! ?umb side ( ! front ( ! wri/4 ,! pulse %\ld be c\nt$ :ile ! pati5t is ly+ d[n1 & ! wat* us$ mu/ h a second h&4 ,to c\nt ! pulse1 "o %\ld place two or ?ree f+]s 7n ! ?umb7 on ! pati5t's wri/1 & aft] ! pulse has be5 felt di/9ctly = a few beats1 ! exact "t by ! second h& ( ! wat* %\ld be notic$ & ! c\nt+ begun imm$iately4 ,x is g5]ally be/ to c\nt = half a m9ute1 multiply ! result by two to get ! rate = a :ole m9ute1 & !n to repeat = ano!r half m9ute4 ,! two results %\ld agree )9 two beats1 if ! pati5t is quiet4 ,a great] v>iation ?an two beats may mean t ! pulse rate is v>y+1 b :5 x is c\nt$ by inexp]i5c$ p]sons ! app>5t diff]5ce is g5]ally ! result ( inaccurate c\nt+1 & x may be necess>y to c\nt two or ?ree times m4 ,! =ce ( ! pulse v>ies also 9 diff]5t individuals2 x is1 h[ev]1 important to notice :5 x gr[s /rong] or weak] 9 ! same p]son4 ,normally ! pulse-beat is regul> l ! tick+ ( a clock2 x is call$ irregul> if a few rapid or sl[ beats are foll[$ by o!rs ( a diff]5t rate4 ,dur+ sickness ! pulse %\ld be c\nt$ :5ev] ! temp]ature is tak51 or (t5]2 & ! result %\ld be writt5 d[n at once4 ,! pulse ( a sick p]son (t5 %[s *anges bo? 9 rate & "*2 ^! *anges are g5]ally important & %\ld be notic$4 ,,respiration4--,v>iations 9 ! rate & "* ( respiration or brea?+ %\ld be notic$4 ,! normal rate ( respiration = an adult at re/ is #af to #bj ea* m9ute1 b x may be mu* fa/]1 especially dur+ muscul> ex]cise4 ,9 babies ! rate is ab\t #cj to #ce a m9ute1 & #bj to #be 9 little *ildr54 ,! respirations1 especially ( babies1 c be/ be c\nt$ dur+ sleep by plac+ ! h& lightly on ! *e/ or abdom54 ,s9ce ! respiration rate is p>tly "u a p]son's control1 x is almo/ sure to alt] if ! pati5t kn[s x is be+ c\nt$2 h5ce :5 ! pati5t is awake x is bett] to keep "o's f+]s on 8 wri/1 to place 8 h& ^u 8 *e/1 & !n to c\nt ! rise & fall ( ! *e/ :ile app>5tly c\nt+ ! pulse4 ,sometimes x is possible to c\nt ! respirations m]ely by wat*+ ! rise & fall ( ! nightg[n or b$ clo!s4 ,! respiration is usually c\nt$ = a full m9ute4 ,a wat* ) a second h& mu/ be us$1 & ! result %\ld be record$ imm$iately4 ,9 c]ta9 =ms ( sickness brea?+ may become rapid1 especially if ! lungs or air passages are affect$4 ,9 addition to ! rate any?+ unusual ab\t ! brea?+ %\ld be notic$ :e!r x seems difficult or pa9ful2 if noisy1 :e!r ! s\nd is l snor+1 or :eez+1 or sigh+1 & s on4 ,,g5]al ,,appe>ance4--,any unusual expression ( ! face %\ld be not$2 :e!r x is drawn1 p9*$1 anxi\s1 excit$1 or dull & /upid2 & also1 :e!r ! face is ?91 swoll51 or puffy "u ! eyes4 ,! condition & appe>ance ( ! sk9 are significant3 ! sk9 may be dry1 moi/ & clammy1 hot or cold2 its color1 & ! color ( ! face especially1 may be flu%$ or pale or slightly yell[ or blue4 ,a blui% t+e ab\t ! nose1 tips ( ! f+]s1 or ! feet %\ld be specially notic$4 ,r$d5$ or discolor$ areas on any "p ( ! body may be important1 & also eruptions1 ra%es1 swell+s1 or sores4 ,x %\ld be notic$ :e!r ! abdom5 is normal or :e!r x is di/5d$ & h>d4 ,/r5g? or weakness is indicat$ to "s ext5t by ! way ! pati5t moves1 & by 8 ability to walk1 /&1 sit1 hold up 8 head1 fe$ himself1 or turn 9 b$ )\t assi/ance4 ,! position he habitually takes is sometimes significant2 9 he>t affections1 = in/ance1 he may be unable to lie d[n1 9 pleurisy he ord9>ily lies on ! affect$ side1 & dur+ abdom9al pa9 he g5]ally draws ! knees up4 ,,special ,,s5ses4--,! special s5ses are frequ5tly di/urb$ 9 sickness4 ,! eyes may be blood-%ot2 ! pati5t may be ov]-s5sitive to light1 or see spots float+ be=e ! eyes1 or he may be unable to see at all4 ,! pupils ( ! eyes may be unusually l>ge or small1 or "o may be l>ge :ile ! o!r is small4 ,swell+1 r$ness1 or dis*>ge f ! eyes %\ld be notic$4 ,he>+ & t\* & smell may be impair$2 or !y may be abnormally acute1 & cause real suff]+4 ,ta/e may be impair$1 especially :5 ! nose is affect$ or :5 ! m\? is n clean4 ,dis*>ge f ! nose or e>s %\ld be report$4 ,n only dis*>ge1 b also tr\ble ( any k9d1 su* z pa91 t5d]ness1 or swell+1 is important if situat$ 9 or ne> ! e>s4 ,,! ,,voice is (t5 mu* alt]$ 9 sickness4 ,x may be weak1 ho>se1 or :isp]$4 ,spee* may be cle> or ?ick1 or ! ability to speak may be entirely lo/2 9 extreme weakness speak+ is g5]ally difficult1 & may be impossible4 ,moan+1 groan+1 & o!r unusual s\nds %\ld be not$4 ,a l\d1 %>p cry at night ) or )\t wak+1 if a repeat$ occurr5ce1 may be an e>ly symptom ( "s diseases ( *ildr54 ,,! ,,tongue 9 heal? is r$ & moi/2 :5 ext5d$ x is some:at po9t$ & c be held /eadily4 ,9 sickness x may be crack$1 dry & p>*$1 or if ! pati5t is n prop]ly c>$ =1 x may be cov]$ ) :ite1 yell[1 or br[n coat+2 9 _m exhau/+ illnesses x is flabby & trembl+4 ,9 sc>let fev] ! tongue is (t5 a vivid r$ color1 & is !n call$ /rawb]ry tongue4 ,! odor ( ! brea? may be f\l f decay or neglect ( ! tee?1 f indige/ion1 con/ipation1 nasal cat>rh1 or special diseases4 ,,! ,,?roat & tonsils are sometimes r$ & swoll5 z 9 simple sore ?roat2 or !y may be cov]$ by :ite pat*es4 ,,! ,,gums may be swoll51 t5d]1 or ble$+4 ,a collection ( /icky br[ni% mat]ial may appe> on ! tee? & gums ( neglect$ pati5ts4 ,,c\gh :5 pres5t may be3 dry1 or accompani$ by expectoration2 pa9ful1 frequ5t1 l\d1 or :oop+2 & worse by day or by night4 ,! sputum may be yell[1 :ite1 gray1 ru/y1 blood-/reak$1 d>k1 or fro?y4 ,! am\nt ( sputum %\ld be notic$ z well z its appe>ance4 ,,appetite or abs5ce ( appetite %\ld be not$1 & also ! am\nt ( food actually eat5 by a pati5t2 ! am\nt eat5 is frequ5tly n ! same z ! am\nt c>ri$ to him on a tray4 ,if ,,vomit+ occurs1 ! color1 consi/5cy1 am\nt1 & g5]al appe>ance ( ! vomitus %\ld be not$2 if its appe>ance is unusual ! vomitus %\ld be sav$ = ! doctor's inspection4 ,,excretions4--,! numb] ( b[el movem5ts is important1 & also _! "*4 ,! consi/5cy ( ! feces may be h>d1 s(t or fluid2 _! color may be any %ade ( br[n1 yell[ or gre51 f black to clay color4 ,!y %\ld be sav$ = ! doctor to see if appe>ance or odor is unusual4 ,,! ,,ur9e 9 heal? is cle>1 amb] color$1 & slightly acid4 ,f #cj to #ej ounces %\ld be excret$ 9 #bd h\rs2 ! am\nt v>ies1 h[ev]1 especially accord+ to ! am\nt ( fluid tak54 ,x is important to notice :e!r ! ur9e is scanty or greatly increas$ 9 am\nt1 d>k or pale1 cle> or cl\dy1 & :e!r s$im5t is deposit$ aft] /&+4 ,x is ess5tial t ur9e %\ld be void$ 9 suffici5t am\nt2 ! necessity = wat*+ its quantity is frequ5tly ov]look$ 9 ! home c>e ( ! sick4 ,frequ5cy ( ur9ation %\ld also be not$4 ,inability to ur9ate1 p>ticul>ly :]e ! ur9e has previ\sly be5 scanty1 is s]i\s if cont9u$2 x %\ld be report$ to ! doctor )\t delay4 ,inability to control ! bladd] & b[els are also symptoms to be report$4 ,,loss ,,( ,,weight is significant 9 bo? adults & *ildr51 & failure ( babies & *ildr5 to ga9 9 weight is a dang] signal4 ,,sleep4--,! numb] ( h\rs a pati5t sleeps %\ld be notic$ & record$ z accurately z possible4 ,! ^w ( ! pati5t on ?is subject is n suffici5t evid5ce4 ,"* ( sleep %\ld also be not$1 :e!r x is quiet or re/less1 & :e!r ! pati5t sleeps lightly or is difficult to ar\se4 ,,m5tal ,,conditions4--,x is important to wat* c>efully ! m5tal condition ( a pati5t2 :e!r1 = example1 he is normal1 or depress$1 irritable1 re/less1 apa!tic1 dull1 excit$1 w&]+1 deliri\s1 or unconsci\s4 ,ha/y judgm5t ( m5tal conditions %\ld be avoid$1 b close att5tion to !m is necess>y4 ,,subjective ,,symptoms ,,pa9 is ! mo/ important subjective symptom & %\ld nev] be disreg>d$4 ,bodily pa9 does n occur 9 p]sons :o are 9 all reg>ds physically & m5tally well2 h5ce pa9 is a sign t some?+1 small or great1 is out ( ord]4 ,( all symptoms pa9 is ! "o :i* int]e/s pati5ts ! mo/4 ,we "h emphasize ! tru?1 too little und]/ood1 t pa9 is an unpleasant s5sation1 no?+ m1 & is nev] imag9$4 ,imag9ation may be its cause1 b ! pa9 ?us produc$ hurts j z truly z pa9 produc$ by a real disease4 ,pa9 is only a ph5om5on ( consci\sness2 x is always real1 ev5 t felt 9 a dream4 ,if ! pati5t is too unconsci\s to feel x1 !re simply is no pa91 no matt] h[ badly ! p]son's body is injur$4 7,em]son3 ,ess5tials ( ,m$ic9e1 p4 #cef47 ,"o %\ld rememb] t no possible me?od exi/s to measure ! int5sity ( pa9 exactly1 or to describe its quality accurately4 ,!re=e 9 describ+ pa91 x is be/ to use ! pati5t's own language4 ,f\r po9ts %\ld especially be obs]v$1 7#a7 its location2 7#b7 its "*1 :i* may be dull or %>p1 /abb+1 ?robb+ or cont9u\s1 slight or sev]e2 7#c7 ! "t at :i* x is wor/2 c]ta9 diseases1 = in/ance1 are *>act]iz$ by m sev]e pa9 at night2 7#d7 x %\ld be notic$ :e!r ! pa9 is reliev$ or increas$ by *ange ( position1 eat+ or dr9k+1 heat or cold1 or ! l4 ,pa9 may be felt 9 a "p f> f ! place :]e ! tr\ble really lies2 ?us a dislocat$ %\ld] causes pa9 9 ! elb[4 ,pa9 is always a dang] signal1 al?\gh ! significance is n always s great z ! suff]] ?9ks4 ,! m att5tion a pati5t gives to 8 pa91 ! m sev]e x always becomes1 !re=e 8 att5tion %\ld n be call$ to x unnecess>ily4 ,a good obs]v]1 h[ev]1 c get mu* in=mation by notic+ ! pati5t's expression1 position1 motions1 etc41 )\t con/antly ask+ him h[ he feels4 ,al?\gh _m p]sons ov]e/imate pa91 o!rs p]si/5tly disreg>d x1 ei!r because !y are unwill+ to take ! necess>y measures to rem$y x1 or because !y wi% to appe> h]oic4 ,bo? c\rses ( action are mi/ak52 ev]yone %\ld realize ! folly & dang] ( be>+ pa9 if x is possible to remove ! cause4 ,nausea1 fatigue & malaise are o!r subjective symptoms2 malaise is ! "n giv5 to a g5]al feel+ ( physical discom=t n re/rict$ to any "o "p ( ! body4 ,all ?ree are abnormal :5 !re is n app>5t or suffici5t cause4 ,,records4--,an accurate record %\ld be kept ( ! pati5t's symptoms1 m$ic9e1 diet1 treatm5t1 etc41 s t ! doctor may h a cont9u\s record1 & s t ano!r p]son tak+ *>ge tempor>ily may "k j :at has be5 done = ! pati5t4 ,! record mu/ be writt52 o!rwise details _c be rememb]$ exactly4 ,x %\ld be z simple & concise z possible2 x is ! place = facts1 n = op9ions1 & if inaccurate x is worse ?an none4 ,x is bett] n to keep ! record 9 ! pati5t's room1 = ! pati5t %\ld n see 8 own record1 nor he> its cont5ts discuss$4 ,! doctor usually writes 8 ord]s on ! record %eet itself1 or on a sep>ate %eet to be atta*$ to ! record = ref]5ce4 ,blank record =ms c be pur*as$1 b a =m t is made at home is entirely satisfactory4 ,an example ( a daily record %eet foll[s4 ,,record ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,date ,h\r ,tem4,pulse,resp4 ,diet & ,b4,m4,ur9e,rem>ks m$ic9e ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- #aiaf ,jan4 #ad p4m4 #ajj #gf #bd ,m$ic9e #e p4m4 #a vii #f p4m4 ,supp]3 ,bak$ potato1 toa/1 fruit1 tea4 #h p4m4 ,m$ic9e ,sponge ba?4 #i3cj p4m4 ,asleep4 ,jan4 #bc a4m4 ix #h a4m4 #ii #gd #bb ,m$ic9e ,pati5t slept mo/ ( ! night4 #h3cj a4m4 ,breakfa/3 ,c]eal1 orange1 toa/1 c(fee4 #i3cj a4m4 ,ba?4 #aa3cj a4m4 ,sat up #a h\r4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,,tub]culosis1 ,,canc]1 ,,& ,,m5tal ,,illness4--,z we h se51 e>ly symptoms ( sickness are always important2 yet x seems wor? :ile to m5tion p>ticul>ly ! e>ly symptoms ( tub]culosis1 canc]1 & m5tal disord]s1 because ea* ( ^! diseases1 ?\gh curable 9 _m cases :5 tak5 9 ! e>ly /ages1 is s]i\s & (t5 fatal if neglect$4 ,c]ta9 facts relat+ to _! cause & prev5tion %\ld be kn[n to ev]yone4 ,tub]culosis1 long our greate/ cause ( dea?1 is gradually gr[+ less2 b canc] & m5tal disease are n[ on ! increase4 ,,tub]culosis4--,e ye> tub]culosis causes ! dea? ( ab\t #aej1jjj p 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is caus$ by ! bacillus tub]culosis1 a g]m :i* may attack any tissue ( ! body1 al?\gh x mo/ frequ5tly affects ! lungs ( gr[n p1 & ! bones & gl&s ( *ildr54 ,! disease is n inh]it$1 b susceptibility to x appe>s to be2 x is readily communicat$ f p]son to p]son4 ,! g]m ( tub]culosis is s widely di/ribut$ t probably few p]sons ov] #cj ye>s ( age h n be5 infect$ ) x at "s "t1 al?\gh ! infection may h be5 too slight to be notic$4 ,inde$1 mo/ p h probably be5 infect$ _m times1 ?\gh )\t s]i\s results4 ,tub]culosis is spread *iefly 9 two ways3 7#a7 ?r\gh any bodily dis*>ges f infect$ p]sons1 especially ?r\gh ! nose & m\? dis*>ges2 7#b7 ?r\gh milk f infect$ c[s4 ,! ways by :i* ! disease is spread indicate me?ods ( prev5tion4 ,milk1 especially = *ildr51 %\ld ei!r be pa/euriz$ or %\ld come f c[s t h be5 te/$ & prov$ to be free f ! disease4 ,o!r me?ods ( prev5tion include avoid+ any & all bodily dis*>ges ( infect$ p]sons1 & increas+ bodily resi/ance z f> z possible4 ,good food1 suffici5t re/ & fre% air are n only important prev5tives1 b also ! mo/ efficaci\s means ( cure4 ,p]sons :o suff] f insuffici5t food1 exposure1 bad h\s+1 long h\rs1 & bad conditions ( "w are especially susceptible to tub]culosis1 & ?us x is rightly call$ a disease ( pov]ty4 ,e>ly symptoms ( tub]culosis include c\gh1 ho>s5ess1 loss ( appetite1 pa9 9 ! side1 loss ( weight1 gett+ tir$ easily1 feel+ run d[n1 rise 9 temp]ature 9 ! aft]noon1 night sweats1 expectoration1 & spitt+ blood4 ,no "o1 nor ev5 sev]al1 ( ^! symptoms necess>ily indicates ! pres5ce ( tub]culosis2 on ! o!r h&1 ev5 ! c\gh is n necess>ily pres5t :5 tub]culosis actually exi/s4 ,:5 "o or m ( ^! symptoms appe>s & cont9ues1 a ?or\gh exam9ation %\ld be made by a doctor2 exam9ation c d no h>m1 c]ta9ly1 if tub]culosis is n f\nd1 & if x is1 imm$iate treatm5t is ( ! greate/ importance4 ,no kn[n drug or m$ic9e is a cure = tub]culosis4 ,successful treatm5t dep5ds on tak+ ! disease 9 "t & 9 foll[+ ! doctor's advice unremitt+ly4 ,,canc]4--,! cause ( canc] is n kn[n4 ,all ! evid5ce1 h[ev]1 goes to %[ t x is nei!r communicable nor h]$it>y4 ,canc] may occur on ! sk91 /oma*1 or o!r organs2 9 wom5 x mo/ commonly occurs 9 ! brea/ or ut]us 7womb74 ,9 bo? sexes x occurs mo/ frequ5tly aft] #dj ye>s ( age4 ,no kn[n m$ic9e w cure canc]2 salves & o9tm5ts h no effect4 ,radium & x-ray %\ld n be reli$ ^u if ! canc] c be remov$ by op]ation4 ,safety consi/s 9 remov+ ! gr[? entirely1 & complete removal is possible only 9 ! e>ly /ages4 ,e>ly diagnosis is consequ5tly ( ! greate/ possible importance1 & an exam9ation c d no h>m 9 any case4 ,w>ts & moles on ! sk9 may develop into canc]1 & %\ld be remov$ if !y %[ signs ( irritation4 ,loss ( appetite & weight1 any di/urbance ( ! /oma* or inte/9es1 & sores t refuse to heal %\ld lead a p]son to consult a physician2 ! same is true ( any lump 9 ! brea/1 & ( irregul> or p]si/5t ble$+ f ! ut]us 9 wom5 ov] =ty4 ,! fact t pa9 is n pres5t 9 canc] until ! late /ages leads _m p]sons to neglect ! tr\ble until x is too f> advanc$ = op]ation4 ,"t is all-important2 hope dep5ds on op]ation 9 ! e>ly /ages :5 !re is a v great probability ( p]man5t cure4 ,,m5tal ,,illness4--,insanity1 l canc]1 is increas+4 ,l bo? canc] & tub]culosis1 hope lies 9 prev5tion & e>ly treatm5t2 & l !m bo?1 9 its e>ly symptoms x is too (t5 unrecogniz$ or neglect$4 ,_m p are surpris$ to le>n t kn[n1 avoidable causes are responsible = ! condition ( ab\t #ej ( ! insane pati5ts n[ "u treatm5t4 ,*ief among ^! kn[n causes is a communicable g]m disease call$ syphilis1 to :i* is due ! disease call$ p>esis1 or s(t5+ ( ! bra94 ,ab\t #be ( pati5ts admitt$ to hospitals = ! insane are !re f ! effects ( habitual use ( alcohol1 ev5 9 mod]ate quantities4 ,o!r cases ( insanity result f diseases ( ! he>t1 art]ies1 & kidneys1 & /ill o!rs h be5 trac$ to ! poisons ( tub]culosis1 typhoid1 diph!ria1 & o!r communicable diseases4 ,prev5tion ( insanity caus$ by ^! diseases dep5ds ^u prev5tion or complete cure ( ! diseases !mselves4 ,/ill o!r causes ( insanity are kn[n4 ,h]$it>y n]v\s weakness may pr$ispose to insanity1 & = su* p]sons1 ^? ^: n]v\s resi/ance is naturally n v great1 ! /ress ( liv+ may prove too mu*4 ,m5tal breakd[ns are r>ely caus$ by ov]work unless accompani$ by worry or bad hygi5ic conditions1 b !y result n infrequ5tly f bad m5tal habits4 ,! av]age p]son1 little realizes ! dang] ( brood+ ov] slights1 injuries1 disappo9tm5ts1 or mis=tunes1 or ( an unnatural attitude t[>ds 8 fell[m51 %[n by unusual s5sitiv5ess or m>k$ suspicion4 ,yet all ^! un:olesome & pa9ful tra9s ( ?\ght1 may if p]si/$ 9 & unreliev$ by heal?y int]e/s & activities1 t5d t[>ds insanity4 ,:olesome "w reliev$ by p]iods ( re/ & simple pleasures & an int]e/ 9 ! affairs ( o!rs1 are important prev5tives ( un:olesome ways ( ?9k+4 ,we %\ld tra9 ourselves n to brood1 b to hone/ly face p]sonal difficulties4--7,:y ,%\ld ,anyone ,g ,insane81 by ,folks & ,ellwood47 ,prev5tion ( insanity consequ5tly dep5ds *iefly ^u avoid+ alcohol & communicable diseases1 especially syphilis2 ^u good hygi5e1 self-control1 & avoidance ( bad m5tal habits2 & ^u adopt+ a program ( liv+ & work+ t w n ov]tax "o's n]v\s /r5g?4 ,sleeplessness1 unusual n]v\s fatigue foll[+ slight ex]tion1 & dim9i%$ p[] to control ! emotions1 are among ! dang] signals4 ,& :5 a p]son becomes unusually depress$ or morose1 excit$ or irritable1 suspici\s1 unreasonable1 or que]1 x is probable t exp]t m$ical advice %\ld be obta9$ z quickly z possible4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,:at is a symptom8 ,:y are e>ly symptoms especially important8 #b4 ,di/+ui% betwe5 objective & subjective symptoms4 #c4 ,tell all y c ab\t normal & abnormal v>iations 9 ! body temp]ature4 ,:at symptoms w\ld lead y to take a p]son's temp]ature8 #d4 ,describe ! me?od ( tak+ temp]atures4 #e4 ,h[ %\ld y cleanse a cl9ical !rmomet]8 ,:at are ! dang]s ( neglect+ to cleanse x prop]ly8 #f4 ,describe bo? normal & abnormal pulse & respiration4 #g4 ,discuss ! significance & importance ( pa94 #h4 ,describe e>ly symptoms ( tub]culosis1 canc]1 & m5tal illness4 ,:at is ! fir/ /ep to be tak5 :5 any "o ( ^! symptoms appe>s8 #i4 ,:at symptoms ( all ^? m5tion$ 9 ?is *apt] did y notice 9 ! la/ sick p]son ) :om y _h any?+ to d8 #aj4 ,:at are ! ess5tials ( a good daily record8 ,! foll[+ is an acc\nt t a "m gave ( ! fir/ tw5ty-f\r h\rs ( a *ild's illness4 ,make a *>t = ! pati5t1 & include 9 x all ! in=mation ! "m gave4 ,:i* d y consid] m useful1 y\r *>t or ! n>rative8 ,ye/]day1 ,octob] #aj?1 ,johnny came home f s*ool ab\t half pa/ ?ree1 & said he 0 too cold to play outdoors4 ,he lay d[n & slept till ab\t five1 :5 he vomit$ a l>ge am\nt ( undige/$ food4 ,i took 8 temp]ature & f\nd t x 0 #ajc4h1 pulse #abf1 & respiration #bh4 ,at #aj t night 8 temp]ature 0 #ajb4e1 pulse #aaf1 & respiration ! same z be=e4 ,! next morn+ at #h he _h a temp]ature ( #ajj4f1 pulse #aad1 respiration #bd4 ,at noon 8 temp]ature 0 #aja1 pulse #aah1 respiration #bd2 & at #d o'clock 8 temp]ature 0 #ajj4f1 pulse #abb1 respiration #bb4 ,! doctor came at #f o'clock ye/]day aft]noon2 accord+ to 8 ord]s ,i put ,johnny to b$1 gave him half a tablespoonful ( ca/or oil at #f4cj1 & a special g>gle4 ,8 ?roat 0 r$ & sore & he seem$ to feel v mis]able4 ,! doctor took a culture f ! *ild's ?roat4 ,at #h4ae & aga9 at #h4ej he _h fluid b[el movem5ts4 ,at #i4cj he _h a glass ( milk1 aft] :i* he slept until #f a4m4 :5 8 b[els mov$ aga9 & ur9e 0 pass$4 ,he pass$ eight ounces ( ur9e at noon & f\r ounces at #c4cj4 ,he drank a glass ( wat] at #f ?is morn+1 & at #f4cj ,i gave him a cup ( hot bro?4 ,at #h he _h a glass ( milk1 b at #aj he refus$ ev]y?+ b a glass ( wat]4 ,at #a4cj he _h a l>ge di% ( ice cream4 ,he _h a cool sponge ba? la/ night at #i1 & a cleans+ ba? ?is morn+ at #h4de4 ,?is morn+ 8 ?roat 0 /ill sore b n s r$1 & ,i saw t he g>gl$ e half h\r :5 he 0 awake4 ,?is aft]noon he seems bright] & ask$ = 8 h>monica1 s 8 ?roat is probably m com=table4 ,,= ,,fur!r ,,read+ ,ess5tials ( ,m$ic9e--,em]son1 ,*apt]s ,,xvi1 ,,xvii4 ,! ,human ,me*anism--,h\gh & ,s$gwick1 ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,notes on ,nurs+--,flor5ce ,night+ale1 ,pages #aje-acf4 ,:y ,worry8--,walton4 ,^? ,n]ves--,walton4 ,tub]culosis3 ,its ,cause1 ,cure1 & ,prev5tion--,otis4 ,publications ( ! ,national ,association = ! ,/udy & ,prev5tion ( ,tub]culosis--#aje ,ea/ #bb;d ,/reet1 ,new ,york ,city4 7,pamphlets free on reque/47 ,publications ( ! ,national ,committee = ,m5tal ,hygi5e--#ej ,union ,squ>e1 ,new ,york ,city4 7,pamphlets free on reque/47 ,publications ( ! ,m5tal ,hygi5e ,committee ( ! ,/ate ,*>ities ,aid ,association--#aje ,ea/ #bb;d ,/reet1 ,new ,york ,city4 7,pamphlets free on reque/47 ,publications ( ,! ,am]ican ,society = ! ,control ( ,canc]--#be ,we/ #de? ,/reet1 ,new ,york ,city4 7,pamphlets free on reque/47 ,,*apt] ,v ,,equipm5t ,,& ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,sick ,,room ,adequate c>e ( ! sick consi/s to a l>ge ext5t 9 r5d]+ _! physical & m5tal surr\nd+s z favorable z possible4 ,obvi\sly1 a sick p]son1 s9ce 8 /r5g? is already deplet$1 ne$s n only to h 8 resi/ance increas$ 9 all possible ways1 b also to h all 8 rema9+ /r5g? cons]v$ by elim9at+ e unnecess>y tax ^u x4 ,9 sickness ev5 slight fatigue1 *ill1 or n]v\s /ra91 insuffici5t v5tilation1 or improp] fe$+1 may become factors ( imm5se importance4 ,no?+ is trivial if x affects ! welf>e & com=t ( a pati5t4 ,ev5 :5 p]fect provision = ! c>e ( ! sick is out ( ! "q1 e ef=t %\ld be made to insure z satisfactory arrangem5ts z possible4 ,ideal conditions are seldom f\nd except 9 build+s orig9ally plann$ = ! sick2 yet 9 _m h\ses a few simple *anges w produce excell5t results4 ,( c\rse1 x is n necess>y 9 e case to adopt all ! foll[+ sugge/ions4 ,common s5se mu/ be ! guide4 ,= in/ance1 9 illness t is slight & likely to be ( %ort duration1 a pati5t may be m di/ress$ ?an b5efit$ by radical *anges 9 8 surr\nd+s4 ,except :5 c]ta9 ess5tials are conc]n$1 great consid]ation %\ld be giv5 to a pati5t's pref]5ces2 yet on ! o!r h& x is n reasonable to make an entire family mis]able 9 ord] to gratify "s slight :im4 ,,*oice ,,( ,a ,,sick ,,room4--,a s\? or ea/ exposure is g5]ally be/ = a sick room4 ,a s\? room may be undesirable 9 v hot wea!r1 b sun%9e dur+ a "p ( ! day is ess5tial4 ,! room %\ld be quiet1 ne> ! ba? room1 & well remov$ f odors f ! kit*54 ,x %\ld be situat$ s t good v5tilation is possible4 ,x is desirable ?\gh n necess>y = x to h m ?an "o w9d[2 9 summ] ! w9d[s mu/ be ?or\ghly scre5$4 ,x %\ld be possible to op5 ! w9d[ )\t expos+ ! pati5t to a direct curr5t ( air1 & to op5 ! door )\t plac+ him 9 full view ( all :o pass ?r\gh ! hall4 ,x is ess5tial = ! pati5t to h a room to himself4 ,unless he ne$s c>e or help or wat*+ at night1 n ev5 ! p]son c>+ = him %\ld sleep 9 ! room4 ,nei!r %\ld ! re/ ( ! family keep _! possessions 9 ! sick room4 ,closets op5+ into ! room1 bureaus1 & *iffoni]s %\ld be empti$ ( ! belong+s ( o!r memb]s ( ! family1 to prev5t p f tiptoe+ into ! sick room at all h\rs to remove g>m5ts4 ,! sick room %\ld = ! "t belong exclusively to ! pati5t1 & result+ inconv5i5ce %\ld be borne by well memb]s ( ! family4 ,e possible precaution %\ld be tak5 to exclude f a sick room unnecess>y noises ( all k9ds2 flapp+ curta9s1 squeaky doors & rock+ *airs1 heels )\t rubb]1 creak+ corsets1 noisy petticoats1 tick+ clocks1 refractory bureau draw]s1 & ru/l+ newspap]s are among ! ev]yday s\nds t irritate ! n]ves ( sick & well alike4 ,ord9>y out-(-door noises d n usually di/urb ! sick1 except :5 ! c\ntry pati5t is br\ght to ! city1 or ! rev]se2 b ne>by & g5]ally avoidable noise is ! k9d t di/racts & h>asses n]v\s pati5ts4 ,:isp]+ is an annoy+ s\nd & %\ld n be all[$1 ei!r 9 ! pati5t's room or j outside ! door4 ,:atev] ! subject ( conv]sation may be1 ! pati5t ?9ks t he is "u discussion4 ,any?+ undesirable = him to he> %\ld be settl$ well out ( 8 he>+1 & 9 speak+ to him !re is no possible objection to an ord9>y well modulat$ voice4 ,usually a p]son's own room is m re/ful & less di/urb+ ?an a /range place1 b if x s]ves z a "w room z well z a b$ room1 x may easily be ! wor/ place dur+ sickness4 ,! sight ( a desk pil$ high ) pap]s or a basket ov]fl[+ ) accumulations ( family m5d+ may actually delay recov]y2 ev5 ! room itself may con/antly sugge/ "w1 & "w necess>ily left undone4 ,! ess5tial ?+ to rememb] is t m5tal re/ is no less important ?an physical1 & e ef=t %\ld be made to secure !m bo?4 ,,furni%+4--,sup]flu\s articles add to ! c>e ( a sick room1 & 9 consequ5ce !y %\ld be remov$ at ! outset4 ,all ! furni%+s t rema9 %\ld be easy to clean1 b x is n necess>y = a sick room to look b>e & desolate4 ,! woodwork z 9 any o!r room %\ld h a h>d f9i%1 & angles & corn]s t h>bor du/ %\ld be z few z possible4 ,h>d wood floors )\t cracks are be/ f ! po9t ( view ( cleanl9ess & conv5i5ce4 ,a few light1 wa%able rugs make ! be/ floor cov]+1 b v small rugs on highly poli%$ floors slide easily & are decid$ly dang]\s4 ,c>pets dim9i% noise1 b are objectionable f e o!r po9t ( view4 ,9 furni%+ h\ses p ought to realize m frequ5tly ?an !y d h[ greatly n]v\s fatigue may be increas$ by ill *os5 wall cov]+s4 ,pla9 pap]s or t9t$ walls are be/ = b$ rooms & ! color %\ld n be h>% or /rik+2 s(t gray1 gre51 or buff is good4 ,! design is no less important ?an ! color2 a design t on casual inspection appe>s q h>mless may become an in/rum5t ( torture to a p]son unable to escape f x = a s+le h\r4 ,weak or n]v\s pati5ts sometimes become q exhau/$ f attempt+ to foll[ an intricate patt]n1 or f c\nt+ ov] & ov] a design t is frequ5tly repeat$ on ! wall4 ,if ! pati5t sees grotesque faces & figures 9 ! design ! pap] is m objectionable /ill4 ,necess>y furniture includes ! b$1 :i* w be discuss$ 9 detail lat]1 a small table to /& by ! head ( ! b$1 a dress]1 two *airs1 & a wall !rmomet]4 ,if ! pati5t is able to sit up ?ree *airs are ne$$1 ( :i* "o %\ld be an arm*air ) a high back4 ,no rock+ *air %\ld be all[$ 9 ! room unless ! pati5t himself pref]s to sit 9 "o2 no "o else %\ld be all[$ to rock 9 ! room1 s9ce ! motion is almo/ always annoy+ to pati5ts4 ,elaborate1 c>v$1 or uphol/]$ furniture is unsuitable 9 a sick room1 b if x mu/ be us$ x %\ld h wa%able cov]s4 ,o!r desirable articles ( furniture are a c\*1 scre51 foot-/ool & a second1 l>g] table4 ,9 few cases1 if any1 is any?+ fur!r really necess>y1 al?\gh pati5ts frequ5tly desire special articles to :i* !re c be no objection4 ,mo/ ornam5ts add mu* "w & little beauty1 & h no place 9 a sick-room4 ,no heavy unwa%able curta9s or hang+s %\ld be all[$1 b simple wa%able curta9s & clean :ite cov]s = ! tables & dress] are desirable4 ,pictures1 if suitable1 give mu* pleasure1 b mu/ be us$ ) discretion4 ,x goes )\t say+ t ! subjects %\ld be pleasant1 b n ev]yone realizes t complicat$ subjects are undesirable & t pictures ( p or ?+s 9 motion %\ld be avoid$2 pati5ts are sometimes worri$ to see motion t is =ev] incomplete4 ,fl[]s give great pleasure to ! sick by add+ color & v>iety & int]e/ to _! surr\nd+s4 ,!y %\ld be c>efully t5d$ & giv5 fre% wat] daily4 ,fad+ fl[]s & =lorn plants %\ld be remov$ f ! sick room1 & ^? hav+ /rong1 heavy odors %\ld n ev5 be admitt$4 ,!y d n ne$ to be v _m or v exp5sive2 inde$1 a pott$ plant or a few cut fl[]s are (t5 m acceptable ?an ! great masses ( co/ly fl[]s t are daily br\ght to ! private w>ds ( hospitals4 ,,v5tilation4--,a pati5t ne$s fre% air c]ta9ly z mu* z a well p]son1 & probably ev5 m4 ,8 room %\ld be ?or\ghly v5tilat$ night & day4 ,a fireplace makes ! problem easi]1 b 9 mo/ cases an op5 w9d[ is ! ma9 dep5d5ce4 ,x %\ld be possible to op5 w9d[s at ! top z well z at ! bottom1 & ! pati5t may be protect$ f a direct draught by a scre51 or by a %eet /ret*$ along ! side ( ! b$ & fa/5$ at ! head & foot by ty+ x ar\nd ! po/s4 ,v5tilat+ a room )\t subject+ ! pati5t to draughts is n always easy4 ,"o me?od is to ins]t a bo>d ?ree or f\r in*es high "u ! l[] sa% s t air is admitt$ betwe5 ! two sa%es4 ,ano!r way to v5tilate )\t caus+ a draught is to remove "o or two panes ( glass & tack *eese clo? ov] ! op5+2 or to tack *eese clo? to ! l[] edge ( ! upp] w9d[ cas+ & to ! upp] edge ( ! upp] sa%1 aft] ! sa% has be5 l[]$ ab\t a foot4 ,once or twice a day ! room %\ld be ?or\ghly air$ by op5+ w9d[s & doors until ! air has be5 completely *ang$4 ,! pati5t1 includ+ 8 head1 mu/ be well-cov]$ dur+ ! process4 ,an electric fan is useful 9 summ]1 b x %\ld n be close en\gh to ! b$ = ! pati5t to feel air bl[+ ^u him4 ,,heat+4--,great c>e %\ld be tak5 to ma9ta9 a suitable temp]ature 9 ! sick-room1 & = ?is purpose a !rmomet] 9 ! room is a necessity4 ,betwe5 #fe & #fh is g5]ally ! be/ temp]ature1 & hot wat] bags & extra cov]s may be giv5 if ! pati5t is *illy4 ,dur+ a ba? or o!r treatm5t 9 :i* ! pati5t is m or less expos$ ! temp]ature %\ld be #gj4 ,! temp]ature at night may be l[]2 h[ l[ w dep5d l>gely on ! pati5t's condition & on :at mu/ be done = him dur+ ! night4 ,hot wat]1 /eam heat1 or electricity is be/ = ! sick room4 ,gas or oil /oves %\ld nev] be us$ except 9 em]g5cies1 & !n = a %ort "t only4 ,,light+4--,sunlight is "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful dis9fectants1 & = ?is reason if = no o!r x is ne$$ 9 e sick room4 ,sunless rooms1 moreov]1 ev5 if !y 7 :olesome1 are too depress+ to a pati5t's spirits = use except p]haps 9 hot summ] days4 ,ord9>y well-regulat$ light is be/ 9 a sick room1 & except 9 a few diseases1 especially ^? 9 :i* ! eyes are affect$1 x is undesirable to d>k5 ! room or to enc\rage 9 any way an appe>ance ( gloom4 ,! pati5t's eyes1 h[ev]1 %\ld be protect$ f bright lights %9+ directly ^u !m2 9 ?is connection x is well to rememb] t lights & _! reflections /rike diff]5tly ^u ! eyes ( a p]son ly+ d[n f ! way 9 :i* !y /rike ! eyes ( p]sons sitt+ or /&+1 & a light t seems agreeable to ! att5dant may !re=e be pa9ful to ! pati5t4 ,almo/ all p]sons sleep be/ 9 d>k rooms1 & 9 mo/ cases x is undesirable = a sick room to be light$ at night4 ,! att5dant1 h[ev]1 mu/ be able to see :at %e is do+ & g5]ally ne$s a %ad$ c&le1 small night light1 or electric fla%4 ,x %\ld be possible to see ! pati5t cle>ly 9 case ( ne$1 o!rwise s]i\s *anges 9 8 condition occurr+ 9 ! night may pass unnotic$4 ,a read+ lamp on ! b$side table is desirable = pati5ts all[$ to read1 b read+ 9 b$ ev5 ) a well-regulat$ light is fatigu+1 & %\ld n be cont9u$ = long un9t]rupt$ p]iods4 ,a pocket fla% light is saf] ?an mat*es & a c&le = pati5ts :o wi% to consult _! wat*es 9 ! night2 inde$1 mat*es 9 ! h&s ( pati5ts always involve risk4 ,"s pati5ts f9d twilight a "t ( great depression4 ,9 su* a case x _h be/ be %ort5$ by draw+ ! %ades e>ly1 turn+ on ! lights1 & rememb]+ n to leave him alone4 ,,clean+4--,! sick-room %\ld be kept ?or\ghly clean at all times1 & ! less du/ /irr$ up 9 do+ s ! bett]4 ,dry sweep+ or du/+ %\ld n be all[$4 ,ord9>y brooms %\ld be damp5$ or cov]$ ) damp clo?s1 & du/ clo?s %\ld be damp5$ also2 b du/less mops & du/]s are /ill bett]4 ,vacuum clean+ is v desirable2 ! noise1 :i* is its only disadvantage1 is n a s]i\s objection 9 mo/ cases4 ,! clean+ ( rooms aft] a communicable disease w be consid]$ lat]4 ,a sick room mu/ be kept tidy z well z clean4 ,! effect ( ord] is quiet+1 b x %\ld be ma9ta9$ :e!r ! effect ^u ! pati5t is app>5t or n4 ,food & m$ic9e %\ld n be kept 9 ! sick-room1 & all us$ di%es1 tumbl]s1 soil$ l951 etc41 %\ld be remov$ at once4 ,unnecess>y articles %\ld n be f\nd 9 ! room at any "t2 e necess>y article %\ld be kept 9 its place1 & its place %\ld be a good "o4 ,ma9ta9+ ord] 9 ! room does n mean t pati5ts %\ld be made uncom=table4 ,all pati5ts1 especially old p1 want c]ta9 possessions )9 rea*1 & _! wi%es %\ld be consid]$ 9 spite ( ! fact t ! /hetic effect is g5]ally f> f good4 ,= in/ance1 a p]fectly smoo? b$ is undesirable if 9 ord] to make x smoo? ! pati5t mu/ be tuck$ 9 s tightly t he is uncom=table4 ,& x w\ld be a mi/ake to remove an old man's newspap]s be=e he has read !m1 ev5 if he p]si/s 9 /rew+ !m all ov] ! floor4 ,,! ,,att5dant4--,"o p]son & "o p]son only %\ld c>ry ! entire responsibility = ! pati5t4 ,%e %\ld plan = him z well z c>e = him1 %\ld see ! doctor & take ! doctor's ord]s4 ,confusion & innum]able mi/akes result :5 sev]al memb]s ( ! family attempt to d ! talk+ & direct+4 ,! att5dant %\ld we> wa%able dresses ) sleeves t c be roll$ up1 wa%able aprons1 & %oes ) rubb] heels4 ,all h] clo?+ %\ld be com=table4 ,%e %\ld be neat 9 appe>ance1 scrupul\sly clean 9 p]son1 & %\ld keep h] f+] nails %ort & smoo?4 ,jewelry1 especially r+s & *a9s t rattle1 & f9]y ( any sort are all out ( place 9 a sick-room4 ,! att5dant mu/ le>n t h] own sleep1 h] diet1 & h] out-(-door ex]cise are ess5tial to ! pati5t's well-be+ h>dly less ?an to h] own4 ,an amateur nurse (t5 consid]s t go+ )\t food & sleep is a pro( ( h] devotion4 ,9 a passion ( self-sacrifice %e neglects h]self utt]ly = ! fir/ few days1 & z a consequ5ce is q useless at a lat] p]iod :5 h] s]vices may be mo/ ne$$4 ,an exhau/$1 sleepy nurse1 tra9$ or untra9$1 is :olly unfit to be tru/$ ) m$ic9es & doctor's ord]s1 to note *anges 9 ! pati5t's condition1 or to give him k9dly att5tion4 ,effici5cy & fatigue h nev] pull$ toge!r s9ce ! _w began1 & no "o c d good "w :5 suff]+ f lack ( sleep & re/4 ,! p]son1 !n1 :o g5u9ely wi%es to give h] pati5t ! be/ possible c>e %\ld n make a m>tyr ( h]self4 ,%e %\ld g out ( doors daily2 bo? fre% air & occasional abs5ce f ! pati5t are ess5tial to h] physical & m5tal well-be+4 ,moreov]1 %e w be %[+ h] pati5t ! greate/ k9dness 9 ! long run if dur+ h] recreation "t %e ?9ks ( him z little z possible4 ,inde$1 %e ne$ n consid] h]self inhuman if %e has a ?or\ghly good "t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a p]son :o is responsible = ! c>e ( a pati5t mu/ be made to realize t %e & %e only is ultimately responsible dur+ ! entire #bd h\rs ( e day4 ,be+ responsible = a pati5t does n mean t %e %\ld be ) him e m9ute1 or d ev]y?+ h]self3 x does mean t %e %\ld plan s effectively t ev]y?+ necess>y is done1 ei!r by h]self or by ano!r compet5t p]son4 ,:5 %e goes away = ev5 half an h\r1 %e %\ld appo9t someone else to be responsible 9 h] place & to h] :5 %e comes back4 ,%e mu/ consequ5tly make v cle> j :at %e wants done4 ,if !re is m$ic9e1 n\ri%m5t1 or treatm5t to be giv51 %e c easily make a li/1 ) ! "t = ea*1 & ask t ea* item be cross$ (f ! li/ z soon z ! "w has be5 done4 ,%e %\ld n =get to ask = ! li/ :5 %e returns4 ,:at is really ne$$ is a little executive ability4 ,z ,flor5ce ,night+ale said3 ,x is impossible 9 a book to tea* a p]son 9 *>ge ( ! sick h[ to manage1 z x is to tea* h] h[ to nurse4 ,circum/ances mu/ v>y ) ea* diff]5t case4 ,b x is possible to press ^u h] to ?9k = h]self4 ,n[ :at does happ5 dur+ my abs5ce8 ,i am oblig$ to be away on ,tuesday4 ,b fre% air1 or punctuality is n less important to my pati5t on ,tuesday ?an x 0 on ,monday4 ,or3 ,at #aj p4m4 ,i am nev] ) my pati5t2 b quiet is ( no less consequ5ce to him at #aj ?an x 0 at #e m9utes to #aj4 ,curi\s z x may seem1 ?is v obvi\s consid]ation occurs comp>atively to few1 or1 if x does occur1 x is only to cause ! devot$ fri5d or nurse to be abs5t few] h\rs1 or ev5 few] m9utes f h] pati5t--n to arrange s z t no m9ute & no h\r %all be = h] pati5t )\t ! ess5tials ( h] nurs+4--7,notes on ,nurs+47 ,x is exce$+ly difficult to c>e = memb]s ( "o's own family or to be c>$ = by !m4 ,too mu* or too little is almo/ inv>iably expect$ by "o p]son or ! o!r1 & :]e great affection is involv$ n only is ! /ra9 increas$ on bo? sides1 b (t5 h>m results f too great unselfi%ness on ei!r side or bo?4 ,b sometimes ! rev]se is true1 & !n "o %\ld rememb] t normal behavior may be impossible = ! sick4 ,dur+ weakness & pa91 irritability & unreasonabl5ess are z *>act]i/ic z o!r symptoms1 & x is z fooli% to dem& a normal m5tal /ate f a sick p]son z x w\ld be to dem& a normal temp]ature4 ,= a *e]ful1 reasonable1 & unselfi% pati5t--& !re are surpris+ly _m--"o %\ld be dev\tly ?ankful1 b pati5ce & pity %\ld be giv5 no less to ^? ^: tortur$ n]ves cause suff]+ to o!rs z well z to !mselves4 ,e woman :o c>es = ! sick %\ld rememb] t %e is ! pati5t's *ief if n 8 only l9k ) ! normal _w1 & t 8 plight is pitiful inde$ if %e is compla9+ or irritable or unwill+4 ,anyone :o c>es = ! sick %\ld rememb] also t %e is necess>ily 9 a mo/ intimate relation ) ! pati5t1 & t su* en=c$ intimacy calls = extra consid]ation on h] "p1 & = ! mo/ scrupul\s respect = confid5tial matt]s4 ,x is inexcusable ev5 = memb]s ( ! pati5t's family to discuss ) "o ano!r ! pati5t's private conc]ns1 or 8 que] or unreasonable or annoy+ ways4 ,dur+ sickness ! skeletons 9 mo/ p's m5tal closets walk =?1 & anyone :o misuses special opportunities to "k intimate affairs c only be class$ ) eavesdropp]s & village gossips4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,:at are ! ess5tials ( a good sick room z to3 7a7 ,situation & exposure4 7b7 ,light+ & heat+4 7c7 ,furni%+4 7d7 ,v5tilation4 #b4 ,h[ may a sick room be v5tilat$ )\t expos+ ! pati5t to draughts8 #c4 ,h[ %\ld ! b$ be plac$ 9 relation to doors1 w9d[s1 & walls8 #d4 ,h[ %\ld a sick room be clean$8 #e4 ,:at 9 g5]al are ! duties ( ! att5dant8 #f4 ,make a plan ( y\r own b$room1 & %[ :at *anges1 if any1 w\ld be desirable if x 7 to be us$ z a sick room4 ,,= ,,fur!r ,,read+ ,notes on ,nurs+--,flor5ce ,night+ale1 ,pages #a-fc1 #hd-aje4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,b$s ,,& ,,b$mak+ ,! common say+ t ! be/ b$ = an invalid is 8 own b$ conta9s an elem5t ( tru?4 ,tak+ f a pati5t 8 own accu/om$ b$1 ev5 :5 a bett] is sub/itut$1 sometimes di/urbs him greatly & makes him feel t he is inde$ v ill4 ,nev]!less1 a suitable b$ is ess5tial to ! prop] c>e ( a helpless p]son1 & no pati5t %\ld cont9ue to use an unsuitable "o1 unless 8 illness is slight & also likely to be ( v %ort duration4 ,besides be+ com=table1 a b$ suitable = ! sick mu/ be clean & easy to keep 9 a sanit>y condition4 ,! spr+s %\ld be firm1 & ! mattress %\ld be ela/ic & %\ld give an ev5 support )\t lumps & holl[s4 ,! b$ cov]s %\ld be clean1 light1 & w>m2 ! pill[s %\ld be suffici5t 9 numb] n only to make ! head & %\ld]s com=table1 b also any o!r "p ( ! body 9 ne$ ( support4 ,moreov]1 ! b$ %\ld be s plac$ & ( su* a k9d t ! "w ( c>+ = ! pati5t may be r5d]$ z easy = ! att5dant z possible4 ,9 e h\sehold at lea/ "o b$ suitable = a sick p]son %\ld be available 9 case ( ne$4 ,,b$/eads4--,b$s ( :ite enamel$ iron1 brass1 or brass & iron comb9$ are mo/ easily kept clean1 & are ! be/ 9 e way4 ,! frame %\ld be /rong en\gh to /& firmly1 yet n s heavy t x is h>d to move4 ,x %\ld h z few angles z possible1 & all its jo9ts %\ld be smoo? & well f9i%$4 ,! spr+s %\ld be made ( wire /ret*$ tightly on a metal frame t fits smoo?ly into ! head & foot pieces4 ,l>ge ca/ors %\ld be us$2 !y may be remov$ f ! foot if ! b$ moves too easily4 ,a b$ to be us$ 9 sickness %\ld h ! foll[+ dim5sions--l5g?1 #f ft4 #f 941 height #bd to #bf in*es1 wid?1 #cf in*es4 ,if a b$ is ei!r too high or too l[ ! labor ( lift+ & mov+ ! pati5t is greatly increas$4 ,if ! b$ is too n>r[ ! pati5t is insecure4 ,if ! b$ is too wide1 its c5t] is difficult or impossible to rea* )\t lean+ or kneel+ ^u x2 & if too %ort1 x w prove uncom=table = a tall p]son4 ,a b$ t is too l[ may be rais$ on f\r heavy boxes ( ! same height2 or /ill bett]1 ^u heavy wood5 blocks :i* any c>p5t] c easily make1 & :i* are well wor? a little tr\ble to obta94 ,9 ! top ( ea* block a holl[ %\ld be made into :i* ! leg ( ! b$ w fit aft] ! ca/or has be5 remov$4 ,a broad firm /ool or a l[ *air may be provid$ = a pati5t :o has difficulty 9 gett+ 9 & out ( a high b$4 ,b$s ) complicat$ atta*m5ts = mov+ pati5ts are n recomm5d$ = family use4 ,!y are exp5sive1 likely to get out ( ord]1 seldom ne$$1 & g5]ally unsatisfactory4 ,9 "s surgical cases a b$ ) a firm1 flat surface is necess>y4 ,su* a surface may be secur$ by plac+ betwe5 ! mattress & spr+s two bo>ds slightly sep>at$1 or "o wide bo>d ) holes bor$ 9 x to af=d v5tilation4 ,wood5 b$s are undesirable3 !y are difficult to keep clean1 !y readily absorb moi/ure & odors1 !y _c well be dis9fect$1 & _! solid frames prev5t a free circulation ( air4 ,moreov]1 x is almo/ impossible to r5d] fit = use aga9 a wood5 b$ into :i* v]m9 h once made _! way4 ,fold+ b$s & l\nges ev5 ( ! be/ type are unhygi5ic1 usually too l[ = ! pati5t's com=t1 & (t5 insecure4 ,a b$/ead %\ld be wip$ frequ5tly ) a damp clo?2 if x is ( enamel$ iron x may be wa%$ ) soap & wat]4 ,! spr+s may be cleans$ ) a /iff bru% dipp$ 9 k]os5e oil4 ,excessive use ( wat] ^u ! spr+s is likely to make !m ru/4 ,,mattresses4--,v>i\s sub/ances are us$ 9 ! manufacture ( mattresses1 b no?+ has yet be5 f\nd t is z satisfactory z curl$ hair4 ,x is light & clean & ela/ic1 x does n readily absorb odors1 & x is easily r5ovat$4 ,al?\gh hair is m co/ly ?an o!r mat]ials1 a hair mattress may be us$ almo/ indef9itely if x is occasionally made ov]4 ,felt or cotton mattresses are firm1 b heavy1 difficult to keep clean1 & likely to absorb odors4 ,a useful mattress made f /raw is sometimes f\nd 9 c\ntry di/ricts4 ,su* a b$ is ?or\ghly hygi5ic1 = ! worn /raw may be burn$ & ! tick wa%$ & refill$ ) clean /raw2 b /raw b$s are g5]ally h>d & lumpy4 ,! lea/ desirable ( all mattresses is ! old fa%ion$ fea!r b$1 & x %\ld nev] be us$ if a bett] c by any possibility be obta9$2 b a fea!r b$ %\ld n be arbitr>ily tak5 away f an old p]son accu/om$ to its use1 unless 8 welf>e is really at /ake4 ,a mattress made 9 two sections is unnecess>y = a s+le b$2 inde$1 a mattress made 9 "o piece is m easily kept 9 place if ! pati5t is re/less4 ,a good quality ( blue & :ite tick+ makes a s]viceable cov] = bo? mattress & pill[s s9ce its color is n likely to run4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,mattress4--,a mattress %\ld be bru%$ frequ5tly ) a :isk broom1 especially ar\nd ! tufts & edges4 ,if a pati5t is long conf9$ to b$1 a fre% "o %\ld occasionally be sub/itut$ s t ! regul> mattress may be remov$1 well bru%$1 beat5 ) a c>pet beat]1 & left expos$ to ! sun & air = a day or two4 ,a mattress t is badly soil$ %\ld be s5t to a clean] & made ov]2 x _c be clean$ prop]ly at home4 ,x is g5]ally possible to remove blood /a9s1 if !y h n soak$ ?r\gh ! tick+1 by apply+ a ?ick cream made f raw />* & cold wat]4 ,:5 ! />* becomes dry x %\ld be bru%$ away1 & ! application %\ld be repeat$ until ! /a9 has disappe>$4 ,= ! be/ results ! />* %\ld be appli$ be=e ! /a9 is dry4 ,,pill[s4--,"o pati5t c use an almo/ unlimit$ numb] ( fea!r pill[s4 ,"s %\ld be s(t & o!rs firm1 "s l>ge & "s small2 b pill[s t are v l>ge & ?ick are less useful ?an a great] numb] ( small] ones4 ,x is well to h sev]al small pill[s ( v>y+ size & ?ickness to support diff]5t p>ts ( ! body4 ,hair pill[s are (t5 acceptable 9 w>m wea!r1 & !y are also desirable = pati5ts ) high fev] or excessive p]spiration4 ,rubb] air pill[s are a conv5i5ce 9 travel+ & add mu* to ! com=t ( a pati5t :5 he fir/ goes out 9 a c>riage or motor c>1 b air pill[s are n suffici5tly durable = g5]al use4 ,if a pill[ tick becomes soil$1 ! fea!rs may be transf]r$ to a clean tick by mak+ an op5+ ab\t six in*es long 9 ! end ( ea* pill[1 sew+ ! ticks toge!r1 & !n %ak+ ! fea!rs f "o tick to ! o!r4 ,! soil$ tick c !n be wa%$4 ,if ! fea!rs !mselves h become soil$ !y %\ld be r5ovat$ by a clean]4 ,pill[s1 l mattresses1 %\ld be frequ5tly bru%$1 sunn$1 & air$4 ,!y %\ld n be held 9 ! m\? :ile a clean pill[-case is adju/$4 ,,protection ,,( ,,! ,,mattress ,,& ,,pill[s4--,9 all cases ( sickness ! mattress mu/ be adequately protect$4 ,neglect is inexcusable & may cause exp5se & tr\ble z well z discom=t to ! pati5t4 ,! foll[+ may be us$ to protect ! mattress or pill[s3 l>ge quilt$ pads1 small pads ( cotton batt+ cov]$ ) old musl9 or *eese clo?1 slip cov]s = ! mattress1 rubb] %eets & pill[-cases1 old blankets & quilts t may be wa%$ easily4 ,heavy wrapp+ pap]1 build]s' pap]1 & newspap]s s]ve well 9 em]g5cies1 or = a %ort "t4 ,,rubb] ,,%eets ,,& ,,pill[-,,cases4--,s(t rubb] clo?1 s+le or d\ble fac$1 is mo/ frequ5tly us$ :5 x is necess>y to protect ! b$ f dis*>ges4 ,x may be pur*as$ by ! y>d4 ,rubb] %eets %\ld n be us$ unless !y are really necess>y4 ,!y are hot & uncom=table1 & increase ! t5d5cy to p]spire4 ,:5 us$1 a rubb] %eet %\ld be #a y>d wide or wide en\gh to rea* f ! l[] edge ( ! pill[s d[n to ! pati5t's knees1 & long en\gh s t x c be tuck$ 9 securely on bo? sides ( ! b$4 ,rubb] %eets may be clean$ by lay+ !m on a flat surface & wa%+ on bo? sides ) soap & wat]1 us+ a small bru% if necess>y4 ,aft] r9s+ !y %\ld be wip$1 & :5 ?or\ghly dry !y %\ld be roll$ r ?an fold$1 to prev5t ! rubb] f break+4 ,rubb] pill[-cases are us$ = a pati5t :o p]spires pr(usely1 or :o has a dis*>ge ( any k9d f ! head or neck1 & also :5 sub/ances :i* may wet or /a9 ! pill[ are appli$ to ! head4 ,!y %\ld be put on next to ! pill[1 securely fa/5$ ) tapes1 snap hooks1 or buttons1 & cov]$ ) ! regul> pill[ slip4 ,rubb] %eets & pill[-cases are n durable4 ,!y %\ld be us$ c>efully1 & frequ5tly exam9$ = holes or worn places by hold+ !m up to ! light4 ,ev5 a p9 hole ne> ! c5t] may r5d] a rubb] %eet or pill[-case z useless z a sieve4 ,,%eets4--,%eets ( ample proportions are necess>y = com=t1 & important = sanit>y reasons z well4 ,= a b$ ( ! dim5sions m5tion$ 9 ?is lesson %eets %\ld be ?ree y>ds long1 & two y>ds wide4 ,a safe rule = any b$ is to h ! %eets "o y>d long] & "o y>d wid] ?an ! mattress4 ,a %eet ( ^! dim5sions is l>ge en\gh to be tuck$ "u ! sides & foot ( ! mattress1 :ile at lea/ twelve in*es are left to fold ov] ! blankets at ! top4 ,cotton %eets are z good z l95 = g5]al use1 or ev5 bett]1 & are f> less exp5sive4 ,,draw ,,%eets are us$ to cov] rubb] %eets1 & to protect b$s :5 ! rubb]s are n us$4 ,9 hospitals special draw %eets are usually provid$1 b an ord9>y %eet fold$ answ]s e purpose4 ,new & exp5sive %eets %\ld n be us$ = draw %eets1 s9ce !y are m likely ?an o!r %eets to become /a9$4 ,draw %eets %\ld be wide en\gh to ext5d ab\t f\r in*es beyond ! rubb] %eet at ! top & bottom4 ,,pill[ ,,cov]s4--,pill[ cov]s are g5]ally made ( cotton1 b p]sons :o c af=d ! co/ frequ5tly pref] l951 especially 9 hot wea!r4 ,unless fa/5$ ) buttons or tapes1 a pill[ case %\ld be sev]al in*es long] ?an its pill[4 ,x %\ld be wide en\gh to slip on easily1 b n s wide t x wr9kles or all[s ! pill[ to turn4 ,if x is too small ! pill[ w become h>d & uncom=table4 ,^! small ?+s1 unimportant z !y are to ! well1 may cause mu* discom=t to a re/less or n]v\s pati5t4 ,,blankets4--,all wool blankets are bo? light & w>m1 & are consequ5tly ! mo/ com=table b$ cov]+4 ,b unless !y c be dry clean$ frequ5tly1 x is bett] to select blankets made f "o "p wool & two p>ts cotton4 ,blankets conta9+ equal p>ts ( wool & cotton are w>m]1 b are m injur$ by wa%+4 ,v light blankets ( wool or out+ flannel are useful 9 summ]4 ,d\ble blankets %\ld always be cut 9 two & b\nd at ! ends1 s9ce s+le blankets are easi] ?an d\ble blankets to h&le & wa%4 ,pati5ts are frequ5tly too w>mly cov]$ by day4 ,too mu* w>m? is en]vat+1 x causes ! pati5t to p]spire1 & makes him re/less & m susceptible to draughts & to *anges ( temp]ature4 ,two light blankets are w>m] & m com=table ?an "o heavy blanket4 ,,com=t]s ,,& ,,quilts4--,heavy cotton com=t]s are burd5some )\t be+ correspond+ly w>m4 ,eid]d[n quilts or ^? padd$ ) wool are good = a pati5t :o sleeps out ( doors1 or ^: room is kept at a l[ temp]ature4 ,b$ cov]s t _c be laund]$ readily %\ld be protect$ by ba/+ on bo? sides ( ! top a wide piece ( musl9 or l951 :i* c be remov$ & wa%$4 ,,c\nt]panes4--,:ite dimity c\nt]panes are desirable1 s9ce !y are light 9 weight1 easily laund]$1 & inexp5sive4 ,a heavy c\nt]pane is uncom=table at any "t1 & /ill m uncom=table 9 sickness4 ,if a light spread is n available1 a %eet makes a good sub/itute4 ,a c\nt]pane %\ld be wide en\gh to cov] ! %eets & blankets at ! sides :5 ! b$ is op51 & long en\gh to protect ! b$d+ at ! top & bottom4 ,,b$ ,,mak+ ,all me?ods ( mak+ b$s = ! sick are bas$ ^u a few und]ly+ pr9ciples4 ,! aim 9 e case is to obta9 ! foll[+ results ) ! lea/ exp5diture ( "t & labor3 fir/1 to secure com=t = ! pati5t1 & to elim9ate all causes ( friction1 irritation1 or pressure ^u 8 sk92 next to keep ! cov]s firmly 9 place1 s t ! b$ w n easily become dis>rang$2 !n to protect ! mattress1 & la/1 to secure z good an appe>ance z possible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4--,,! ,,draw ,,%eet ,,9 ,,place4 7,f ,elem5t>y ,nurs+ ,proc$ures1 ,cali=nia ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,heal?47 ,,to ,,make ,,an ,,unoccupi$ ,,b$1 proce$ z foll[s3 remove ! pill[s & cov]s "o at a "t1 & place !m on *airs1 ne> an op5 w9d[ if possible4 ,bru% ! mattress & !n set x up on its ends to air1 or turn x back ov] ! foot bo>d4 ,wipe ! b$/ead ) a damp clo?4 ,replace ! mattress aft] x has air$1 turn+ x f side to side & f end to end on alt]nate days4 ,cov] ! mattress1 unless x is enclos$ 9 a slip cov]1 ) a :ite quilt$ pad or an old blanket1 & !n spread ! l[] %eet ov] ! mattress1 s t ! middle fold ( ! %eet lies ^u ! c5t] ( ! mattress 9 a /raight l9e f ! head ( ! b$ to ! foot4 ,tuck ! %eet "u1 fir/ at ! top & !n at ! bottom1 draw+ x s t x is firm & tight4 ,if ! %eet is ( prop] l5g? tuck f\rte5 or sixte5 in*es "u at ! top1 b take c>e to cov] ! mattress at ! foot also4 ,next tuck ! %eet "u at ! side1 fold+ its corn]s to make a neat f9i% l an envelope4 ,place ! rubb] %eet1 if x mu/ be us$1 across ! b$1 ) its upp] edge :]e ! l[] edge ( ! pill[s w come4 ,a draw %eet some:at wid] ?an ! rubb] %eet is ne$$ next2 an ord9>y %eet1 fold$ once ! long way ( ! %eet1 may be us$1 ) ! fold t[>d ! head ( ! b$4 ,tuck bo? rubb] & draw %eet securely "u ! mattress at ! side4 ,9 "s cases ! rubb] %eet may be plac$ next to ! mattress1 & cov]$ by ! mattress pad & l[] %eet4 ,place ! draw %eet z direct$1 :e!r ! rubb] is us$ or n4 ,aft] ! l[]1 rubb]1 & draw %eets h be5 adju/$ on "o side ( ! b$1 g to ! opposite side1 draw !m ov] smoo?ly1 & tuck !m "u ! mattress z tightly z possible4 ,next spread ! upp] %eet ov] ! b$ s t its upp] edge rea*es to ! upp] edge ( ! mattress1 & its middle crease lies ov] ! middle l9e ( ! mattress1 & place x "r side d[n1 s t ! smoo? side ( ! hem w be upp]mo/ :5 ! %eet is turn$ ov] ! blankets4 ,place ! blankets s t _! upp] edges lie a little high] ?an ! place :]e ! l[] edge ( ! pill[ w come1 & tuck !m 9 firmly at ! bottom & sides4 ,if ! blankets are n long en\gh to tuck 9 at ! foot1 place ! l[] blanket z direct$ & ! upp] blanket five or six in*es l[] ?an ! fir/4 ,:5 tuck$ 91 ! upp] blanket holds ! l[] "o 9 place fairly well4 ,place ! c\nt]pane ev5ly & smoo?ly1 tuck x "u at ! foot1 turn its corn]s neatly1 turn its upp] edge "u ! upp] edge ( ! blankets & fold ! upp] %eet d[n ov] ! :ole4 ,la/ ( all1 %ake ! pill[s & place !m neatly on ! b$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4--,,! ,,clos$ ,,b$4 7,f ,elem5t>y ,nurs+ ,proc$ures1 ,cali=nia ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,heal?47 ,practice is necess>y be=e x is possible to make a b$ quickly & well1 & a c]ta9 am\nt ( pr(ici5cy 9 mak+ an unoccupi$ b$ %\ld be acquir$ be=e und]tak+ to make a b$ ) a pati5t 9 x4 ,"o %\ld le>n to "w 9 an ord]ly way1 )\t confusion1 unnecess>y motion1 or j>r+ ( ! b$4 ,,to ,,*ange ,a ,,pati5t',s ,,pill[s4--,/& pref]ably on ! "r side ( ! b$ & slip ! left arm "u ! pati5t's %\ld]s1 support+ 8 head 9 ! holl[ ( ! arm4 ,raise him slightly & remove ! pill[s "o at a "t ) ! "r h&1 draw+ !m outw>d on ! left side ( ! b$4 ,place a small pill[ "u 8 head4 ,%ake ! pill[s1 *ange ! cases if necess>y1 & replace !m on ! left side ( ! b$1 ready to be drawn back into position4 ,raise ! pati5t z be=e1 remove ! small pill[ & draw ! o!rs into place4 ,x is sometimes bett] to hold ! pati5t on ! upp] pill[ :ile remov+ & replac+ ! "u "o4 ,,lift+ ,a ,,pati5t ,,9 ,,b$4--,pati5ts t5d to slip d[n t[>d ! foot ( ! b$1 & !y %\ld be rais$ if unable to help !mselves4 ,to raise ! pati5t1 in/ruct him to flex 8 knees & to press 8 feet firmly ^u ! b$2 place "o arm "u 8 %\ld]s1 z :5 *ang+ pill[s1 ! o!r arm "u ! ?ighs1 & lift him upw>d )\t j]k+4 ,! lift+ c be done m easily by two p1 & ) less discom=t to ! pati5t3 if he is entirely helpless two p are necess>y4 ,two p %\ld proce$ z foll[s3 ,let ,a place h] left arm "u ! pati5t's head & %\ld]s z be=e1 h] "r arm "u ! small ( 8 back2 let ,b place h] "r arm also "u ! small ( 8 back & h] left arm "u 8 ?ighs1 & at a signal let !m lift toge!r4 ,9 ?is way ! weight is s ev5ly di/ribut$ t a heavy p]son c be lift$ )\t great difficulty4 ,,to ,,turn ,a ,,pati5t ,,9 ,,b$4--,a pati5t may be turn$ t[>d or away f y4 ,9 turn+ a pati5t t[>d y1 place "o h& ov] 8 f>!r %\ld] & ! o!r ov] 8 hip1 & turn him t[>d y4 ,!n flex 8 knees slightly4 ,to turn a pati5t f y1 pass "o h& z f> z possible "u ! %\ld]s1 & ! o!r z f> z possible "u ! ?ighs4 ,!n rais+ ! pati5t slightly1 draw him back t[>d y1 turn+ him at ! same "t1 & !n flex ! knees4 ,la/ly place a pill[ firmly aga9/ 8 back to support x4 ,,to ,,*ange ,,! ,,%eets ,,:ile ,,! ,,pati5t ,,is ,,9 ,,b$ proce$ z foll[s3 ,fir/ collect ! fre% l95 & place x conv5i5tly ne> ! b$4 ,!n draw ! b$clo!s f b5ea? ! mattress1 rais+ ! mattress mean:ile ) "o h& to prev5t j>r+ ! b$4 ,remove fir/ ! spread & !n ! upp] blanket if !re are two1 fold ea* once & place x on a *air4 ,hold ! rema9+ blanket 9 place ) "o h&1 :ile ) ! o!r y draw ! upp] %eet out f "u x2 !n fold ! edges ( ! blanket up ov] ! pati5t to keep !m out ( ! way4 ,! upp] %eet1 unless soil$1 may be fold$ once & us$ aga9 z a draw %eet4 ,next remove all ! pill[s1 unless ! pati5t pref]s to keep "o4 ,!n move ! pati5t t[>d "o side ( ! b$ & turn him on 8 side s t he faces ! edge ne>e/ him4 ,roll ! draw %eet & rubb] %eet toge!r if bo? are to be remov$1 or sep>ately if ! rubb] %eet is to rema9 on ! b$2 !n roll ! bottom %eet ?r\gh\t its entire l5g?1 & br+ ! ?ree %eets1 all roll$ z flat & z tightly z possible1 close to ! pati5t's back4 ,pleat ab\t half ( ! fre% l[] %eet l5g?wise & place ! pleat$ portion z close z possible to ! roll$ soil$ %eets4 ,tuck 9 ! o!r half ( ! fre% %eet at ! top1 bottom & side1 draw ! rubb] %eet if x is to be replac$ back ov] ! fre% l[] %eet1 arrange ! fre% draw %eet 9 place1 tuck x 9 at ! side1 & roll its free portion close to ! pati5t's back4 ,! fre% side ( ! b$ is !n ready = ! pati5t4 ,lift 8 feet back ov] ! roll$ %eets keep+ 8 knees flex$1 !n turn him back ov] ! roll$ %eets on to ! fre% smoo? "p1 remove ! soil$ %eets & arrange ! fre% ones 9 place on ! side :]e ! pati5t has j be5 ly+4 ,be c>eful to keep him well cov]$ ) ! blanket4 ,aft] ! l[] %eets are 9 place & firmly tuck$ 91 spread above ! blanket ! fre% upp] %eet1 & ov] ! %eet spread ! second blanket4 ,hold ! %eet & blanket 9 place ) "o h& :ile us+ ! o!r h& to draw out ! fir/ blanket f b5ea? ! %eet4 ,9 ?is way ! pati5t is con/antly cov]$ by a blanket4 ,place ! blanket j remov$ above ! o!r & f9i% ! b$ accord+ to ! directions giv5 = an unoccupi$ b$1 us+ special c>e1 h[ev] n to draw ! cov]s too tightly ov] ! pati5t's feet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4--;,,*ang+ ,,! ,,draw ,,%eet4 7,f ,pope ,home ,c>e ( ! ,sick1 ,am]ican ,s*ool ( ,home ,economics1 ,*icago47 ,,to ,,move ,a ,,pati5t ,,f ,,"o ,,b$ ,,to ,,ano!r4--,on ! fre% b$ h ! l[] %eets 9 place b n ! upp] cov]s4 ,place ! two b$s close toge!r side by side1 & draw "o mattress a little ov] ! place :]e ! two sides meet4 ,loos5 ! draw %eet "u ! pati5t1 roll x on bo? sides close to ! body & draw him g5tly ov] by means ( ?is %eet1 mov+ 8 %\ld]s at ! same "t4 ,if ! b$s are unequal 9 height1 use firm pill[s or fold$ blankets to make an incl9$ plane4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4--;,,*ang+ ,a ,,pati5t ,,f ,,"o ,,b$ ,,to ,,ano!r4 7,f ,pope ,home ,c>e ( ! ,sick1 ,am]ican ,s*ool ( ,home ,economics1 ,*icago47 ,if ! b$s diff] greatly 9 height & inde$ 9 mo/ cases1 x is bett] to c>ry ! pati5t f "o b$ to ! o!r4 ,at lea/ two p are ne$$2 "o alone %\ld nev] attempt to c>ry anyone heavi] ?an a small *ild4 ,"o me?od = lift+ is z foll[s3 ,let two be>]s1 ,a & ,b /& on ! same side ( ! b$4 ,if ! pati5t is to be mov$ into ! "r side ( ! fre% b$ let bo? be>]s /& on ! "r side ( ! occupi$ b$2 if he is to g into ! left side ( ! fre% b$1 let !m bo? /& on ! left side ( ! occupi$ b$4 ,let ,a place "o arm "u ! pati5t's %\ld]s & h] o!r "u ! small ( 8 back1 :ile ,b places "o arm "u 8 hips & ! o!r j bel[ 8 knees4 ,draw ! pati5t to ! edge ( ! b$1 in/ruct him to place 8 arms ab\t ! %\ld]s ( ,a & to hold ! body rigid1 & !n lift toge!r at a giv5 signal1 keep+ 8 weight well up on ! *e/s ( ! be>]s4 ,:5ev] a pati5t mu/ be turn$1 lift$1 c>ri$1 or mov$ 9 any way1 let him "k be=eh& j :at y int5d to d s t he may n be />tl$1 & also t he may cop]ate if possible4 ,grasp him firmly b g5tly1 avoid p9*+ ! sk91 & move him /eadily & smoo?ly1 avoid+ j]ks & false />ts4 ,d n attempt alone m ?an y\r /r5g? is amply suffici5t to accompli%1 & endeavor at all times to h&le ! sick ) ! utmo/ g5tl5ess & consid]ation4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,describe a b$/ead & mattress suitable = a sick p]son's use1 & tell :y !y are to be pref]r$4 #b4 ,h[ %\ld ! b$/ead be c>$ =8 ! mattress8 ! pill[s8 #c4 ,h[ %\ld a mattress & pill[s be protect$8 #d4 ,describe 9 detail ! b$ cov]s t are desirable = use 9 sickness4 #e4 ,"n ! results t a good me?od ( b$mak+ aims to secure4 #f4 ,describe ! me?od ( mak+ an unoccupi$ b$4 #g4 ,h[ %\ld "o *ange ! pill[s ( a helpless pati5t8 #h4 ,describe ! way 9 :i* y w\ld lift & turn a pati5t 9 b$4 #i4 ,describe ! me?od ( *ang+ %eets & remak+ a b$ :ile ! pati5t is 9 x4 #aj4 ,:y are b$s & b$mak+ consid]$ s important 9 ! c>e ( ! sick8 ,,= ,,fur!r ,,read+ ,notes on ,nurs+--,flor5ce ,night+ale1 ,pages #gi-hd4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,ba?s ,,& ,,ba?+ ,ba?+ is necess>y 9 sickness no less ?an 9 heal?4 ,x /imulates & equalizes ! circulation1 is soo?+ 9 fev]i% conditions1 is refre%+ to mo/ p1 & by af=d+ a c]ta9 am\nt ( ex]cise x less5s ! fatigue ( ly+ 9 b$4 ,moreov]1 )\t frequ5t ba?+ x is impossible to keep ! sk9 9 good condition1 s9ce scales ( dead sk91 oily matt]1 & solid sub/ances left by p]spiration collect on ! surface ( ! body :5 a p]son is ly+ /ill 9 b$ z well z :5 he is lead+ an active life4 ,! common belief t sick p are likely to cat* cold f ba?+ is q unf\nd$2 e pati5t1 unless 8 condition is su* t ! doctor ord]s o!rwise1 %\ld h "o complete cleans+ ba? ea* day4 ,9 addition to ! regul> cleans+ ba? o!r k9ds are (t5 prescrib$ z m$ical treatm5t4 ,,cleans+ ,,ba?s ,a tub ba? if all[$ by a pati5t's condition1 is ! mo/ satisfactory k9d1 b special precautions mu/ be tak5 to gu>d h] f fatigue & *ill4 ,! ba? room & ev]y?+ to be us$ %\ld be made ready be=e %e leaves h] b$4 ,necess>y clo?+ & toilet articles %\ld be collect$ & arrang$ conv5i5tly1 a *air cov]$ ) a blanket & also a ba? mat %\ld be plac$ beside ! tub1 & ! temp]ature ( ! ba? room %\ld be regulat$ s t x is ab\t #gj ,f41 or a little l[] if ! room is likely to become ov]heat$ z ! ba? proce$s4 ,! ba? wat] %\ld be drawn la/4 ,its temp]ature1 te/$ by a !rmomet]1 %\ld be betwe5 #if & #ajj at ! beg9n+1 & may be increas$ if desirable4 ,if ! pati5t is weak1 wa% & dry h] face1 neck1 & e>s1 & if necess>y cut ! f+] & toe nails be=e %e leaves ! b$1 9 any case be=e %e ent]s ! tub4 ,z soon z ! pati5t has left ! b$1 /rip x & leave x to air2 !n assi/ h] into ! ba? room & help h] c>efully into ! tub4 ,d n all[ h] to /ay 9 ! wat] m ?an t5 m9utes at mo/1 & /op ! ba? at once if %e %[s ! slighte/ sign ( fa9tness1 dizz9ess1 exhau/ion1 difficult brea?+1 m>k$ *ange ( color1 or o!r unusual symptom4 ,inde$1 if ! pati5t is weak or h] reaction to ! ba? unc]ta91 z :5 %e takes h] fir/ tub ba? aft] an illness1 someone %\ld always be )9 call to help ! att5dant 9 case ( ne$4 ,a fa9t1 heavy pati5t 9 a ba? tub is an impossible load = "o p]son to h&le4 ,:ile ! pati5t is 9 ! tub1 soap h] well1 bru% h] f+] & toe nails1 r9se1 & rub h] to /imulate ! circulation4 ,!n help h] f ! tub1 seat h] 9 ! *air1 draw ! blanket closely ab\t h] f neck to feet1 dry h] ) w>m t[els1 expos+ ! body z little z possible1 &1 if %e is to return to b$1 put on a fre% night g[n1 & wrapp] & slipp]s4 ,next place ! l[] %eet1 ! draw %eet1 & "o pill[ on ! b$ z quickly z possible1 help ! pati5t into b$1 keep+ h] well cov]$ ) a blanket1 & f9i% mak+ ! b$4 ,if %e seems *illy1 give a hot wat] bag & hot dr9k & leave ! blanket next h] 9 place4 ,aft] ! pati5t has be5 made com=table1 clean ! tub & put ! ba? room 9 ord]4 ,ev5 pati5ts suppos$ly able to take tub ba?s )\t assi/ance %\ld n lock ! ba? room door nor be left alone a long "t4 ,,b$ ,,ba?4--,practice is ess5tial 9 ord] to give a b$ ba? skillfully4 ,! aim is to make ! pati5t ?or\ghly clean & ?or\ghly dry1 )\t *ill+1 fatigu+1 or expos+ h]1 )\t mak+ ! b$ damp1 & )\t unnecess>y ha/e or delay4 ,"o me?od ( giv+ a b$ ba? foll[s1 b any me?od t accompli%es ^! aims is likely to be satisfactory4 ,fir/ see t ! room is ab\t #gj ,f4 & likely to rema9 s1 & exclude draughts4 ,collect ev]y?+ to be us$1 includ+ a blanket to cov] ! pati5t1 an old blanket or l>ge ba? t[el to protect ! b$1 at lea/ two o!r t[els1 "o a ba? t[el & ! o!r a face t[el1 two wa% clo?s1 soap1 nail bru%1 p[d]1 alcohol1 comb & bru%1 nail file1 scissors1 etc42 fre% b$ & p]sonal l952 a l>ge bas9 conta9+ wat] at #aje1 a jug ( hott] wat]1 & a slop j>4 ,remove ! upp] b$ clo!s except "o blanket1 :i* %\ld cov] ! pati5t con/antly dur+ ! ba?1 & spread !m :]e !y w air2 remove all ! pill[s b "o1 & place ! ba? blanket "u ! pati5t z ! "u %eet is plac$ 9 b$ mak+4 ,if a ba? blanket is n us$1 keep ! ba? t[el "u ! "p t is be+ ba!d by mov+ ! t[el f place to place4 ,next remove ! night g[n 9 ! foll[+ way3 ,let ! pati5t lie on h] back1 ) h] knees flex$2 draw ! g[n up z f> z possible1 !n raise or get h] to raise h] hips s t ! g[n may be drawn up above ! wai/4 ,next raise h] head & %\ld]s ) "o arm & draw ! night g[n up to ! neck ) ! o!r2 remove "o sleeve1 draw ! g[n ov] ! head & !n (f ! o!r arm4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4--,,wa%+ ,a ,,pati5t ,,)\t ,,exposure4 7,s&]s ,mod]n ,me?ods 9 ,nurs+47 ,! pati5t is n[ ready = ! ba?4 ,wet ! wa% clo? ?or\ghly1 b hold x ga!r$ 9 ! h& s t x w n drip4 ,wa% ! face1 neck1 & e>s fir/1 dry !m ?or\ghly1 & next1 us+ ! second wa% clo?1 wa% ! arms & h&s1 *e/ & abdom51 giv+ p>ticul> att5tion to ! armpits & navel4 ,raise ! blanket slightly ) "o h& to keep x f becom+ damp1 b expose ! pati5t z little z possible2 ! arms & legs ne$ n rema9 cov]$ :ile be+ wa%$4 ,dry ea* "p ?or\ghly be=e wa%+ ! next4 ,next turn ! pati5t on h] side & wa% ! back1 ! buttocks1 & upp] "p ( ! ?ighs2 give special att5tion to ! fold betwe5 ! buttocks4 ,!n turn ! pati5t on h] back1 & wa% ! ?ighs1 legs1 & feet4 ,if x is important to move ! pati5t z little z possible1 leave ! back until la/ s t ! "u %eet may be *ang$ )\t turn+ h] aga94 ,cut ! toe nails if necess>y be=e wa%+1 & clean !m c>efully aft]w>d4 ,unless !re is a reason to ! contr>y1 wa% ! h&s & ! feet 9 ! bas91 fir/ protect+ ! b$ ) a t[el1 newspap]1 or clean wrapp+ pap]4 ,be sure to clean well betwe5 ! toes1 & to dry ! feet ?or\ghly2 !y may ne$ "s friction4 ,?r\gh\t ! ba? empty & refill ! bas9 z necess>y4 ,wa% ! g5ital region la/4 ,let ! pati5t lie ^u h] back ) knees flex$ & sep>at$1 or ^u "o side ) ! knees flex$ & "o slightly rais$4 ,pati5ts :o are able may take ?is "p ( ! ba? !mselves ) :atev] assi/ance may be necess>y4 ,! att5dant1 h[ev]1 mu/ ei!r d x h]self or make sure t ! pati5t does x ?or\ghly4 ,to neglect a helpless pati5t is always unk9d1 & no less unk9d :5 ! motive is a mi/ak5 s5se ( mode/y4 ,if dis*>ge f ! g5itals is pres5t use absorb5t cotton1 or clean1 s(t old clo? to wa% ! p>ts1 & burn x aft]w>d4 ,x is sometimes desirable to place ! pati5t on a b$pan & r9se ! p>ts by a g5tle /ream ( w>m wat] p\r$ f a jug4 ,aft] ! att5dant has complet$ ?is "p ( ! ba? %e %\ld wa% h] own h&s ?or\ghly4 ,aft] ! ba? rub ! pati5t ) alcohol4 ,if a complete alcohol rub is impossible1 at lea/ rub ! po9ts :]e pressure comes1 especially ! back4 ,aft] ! rub apply a little toilet p[d] if ! pati5t desires x4 ,:5 ! toilet is complete remove ! ba? blanket1 remake ! b$ & put ! room 9 ord]4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,m\? ,,& ,,tee?4--,9 sickness ! m\? & tee? require m ?an ord9>y att5tion2 inde$1 ! condition ( a pati5t's m\? is a fair index to ! quality ( ! c>e %e is receiv+4 ,if ! pati5t c bru% h] own tee? %e %\ld d s 9 ! morn+1 at night1 & aft] meals4 ,at ^? times ! att5dant1 )\t wait+ to be ask$1 %\ld br+ h] a t[el1 too?-bru%1 cup ( tepid wat]1 too? pa/e or p[d]1 & a small bas9 or di% to receive ! us$ wat]4 ,! process is g5]ally m ?or\gh :5 ! pati5t does x h]self1 & ev5 a pati5t unable to sit up c bru% h] tee? successfully if ! nurse holds ! p[d] & cup ( wat]1 & provides a bas9 %all[ en\gh = ! pati5t to use by turn+ h] head to "o side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4--,,! ,,nurse ,,assi/+ ,,! ,,pati5t ,,9 ,,bru%+ ,,! ,,tee?4 7,f ,elem5t>y ,nurs+ ,proc$ures1 ,cali=nia ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,heal?47 ,! att5dant mu/ cleanse ! m\? ( a pati5t :o is unable to d x h]self4 ,if ?is cleans+ is neglect$1 a d>k t5aci\s sub/ance collects ^u ! tee? & gums1 compos$ *iefly ( food p>ticles1 bact]ia1 m\? secretions1 & worn out cells ( ! muc\s membrane4 ,once =m$ x is difficult to remove1 h5ce ! m\?s ( all pati5ts & especially ^? :o h fev]1 mu/ receive prop] c>e f ! v beg9n+ ( illness4 ,cotton swabs are conv5i5t = cleans+ ! m\?2 !y are made by w9d+ a small piece ( absorb5t cotton ^u a mat* or wood5 too?-pick4 ,to cleanse ! m\? ( a helpless pati5t1 take to ! b$side ! m\? wa% prescrib$ by ! doctor1 a t[el to protect ! b$clo!s1 sev]al swabs1 & a receptacle = us$ swabs2 ! latt] %\ld be a /rong pap] bag or sev]al ?icknesses ( newspap]4 ,clean ! tongue1 gums1 tee?1 & spaces betwe5 ! tee? g5tly b ?or\ghly1 us+ especial c>e if ! gums are t5d]4 ,dip only clean swabs 9 ! solution1 disc>d ea* "o aft] us+ x once1 & burn x aft]w>d4 ,let ! pati5t r9se h] m\? aft] cleans+ x if %e is /rong en\gh4 ,if ! m\? is v dry1 enc\rage h] to dr9k m wat]4 ,notify ! doctor if ! gums & tongue crack or ble$ s9ce he may wi% to ord] a special m\? wa%4 ,cold cream or boracic o9tm5t may be us$ if ! lips are dry & crack$4 ,false tee? %\ld be ?or\ghly bru%$ & cleans$1 & kept 9 cold wat] if tak5 out dur+ ! night4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,hair4--,long hair1 if neglect$1 becomes tangl$ & matt$ 9 a surpris+ly %ort "t4 ,unless ! pati5t is actually 9 a dy+ condition %e is n too sick to h x prop]ly att5d$ to at lea/ once a day4 ,be=e comb+ ! hair protect ! pill[ ) a t[el2 !n "p ! hair 9 ! middle f ! =ehead to ! nape ( ! neck1 & draw x to ei!r side4 ,beg9 to comb at ! ends1 hold+ ! /r& ( hair firmly 9 "o h& plac$ betwe5 ! head & ! comb2 9 ?is way tangles c be remov$ )\t hurt+4 ,aft] comb+ & bru%+ ! hair1 braid x 9 two braids1 beg9n+ ne> ! e>s2 draw x z tightly or loosely ne> ! head z ! pati5t pref]s1 b rememb] t tight braids mean few] tangles4 ,if ! hair is heavy or badly tangl$ ! pati5t may be too mu* fatigu$ to h x all comb$ at "o "t2 9 ?is case braid ! "p t has be5 f9i%$ & complete ! "w lat]4 ,,to ,,wa% ,,! ,,hair ,,( ,a ,,b$ ,,pati5t4--,! hair ( a pati5t c be successfully wa%$ 9 b$ if suffici5t c>e is tak5 n to *ill or tire ! pati5t1 or to wet ! b$4 ,! foll[+ articles are ne$$3 "o small jug ( /rong soap suds made by dissolv+ a pure soap 9 hot wat]1 "o l>ge jug ( hot wat] at ab\t #aab ,f41 "o jug ( cold wat]1 a slop j> or foot tub1 "o long rubb] %eet or piece ( enamel clo?1 & sev]al t[els includ+ at lea/ "o ba? t[el4 ,let ! pati5t lie z ne> ! edge ( ! b$ z possible4 ,roll "o small t[el l5g?wise1 place x bel[ ! hair at ! back ( ! neck1 br+ x up above ! e>s to ! =ehead & p9 tightly1 9 ord] to cat* wat] t might wet ! face & neck4 ,next make a k9d ( tr\gh ( ! l>ge rubb] by roll+ its long edges inw>d = a few in*es4 ,place ?is across ! b$ "u ! pati5t's head s t h] neck re/s on ! l[] roll4 ,raise by means ( pill[s ! end ( ! rubb] tr\gh t lies t[>d ! middle ( ! b$1 9 ord] to prev5t wat] f runn+ into ! b$ or collect+ "u ! pati5t's head4 ,let ! o!r end ( ! rubb] ext5d ov] ! edge ( ! b$ d[n into ! slop j> or foot tub1 :i* may be plac$ on a *air or /ool4 ,!n wa% ! hair & scalp ) ! soap solution1 & r9se !m ?or\ghly ) wat] f ! l>ge jug4 ,squeeze z mu* wat] z possible f ! hair1 remove ! rubb] & sub/itute a heavy ba? t[el1 & rub & fan ! hair until dry4 ,a %ampoo 9 b$ is tir+4 ,d n attempt x unless ! pati5t is /rong en\gh to /& n only ! %ampoo itself1 b also a complete *ange ( b$ clo?+1 :i* w almo/ c]ta9ly be necess>y if ! att5dant has be5 c>eless or clumsy 9 ! slighte/ degree4 ,,hot ,,foot ,,ba?s prop]ly speak+ are m$ical treatm5t1 b !y are tak5 by _m p]sons to relieve colds1 heada*e1 or insomnia4 ,let ! pati5t sit1 well wrapp$1 ) h] feet 9 wat] at ab\t #aje1 & !n increase ! temp]ature gradually by add+ hott] wat]4 ,take c>e to add hot wat] sl[ly & n to p\r x directly ^u ! pati5t's feet or ankles2 o!rwise %e may be scald$4 ,mu/>d may be add$ to ! ba? wat] 9 ! proportion ( "o tablespoonful ( mu/>d to ea* gallon ( wat]4 ,if mu/>d is to be us$ make x into a smoo? pa/e ) cold wat]1 ?9 ! pa/e ) w>m wat]1 & :5 ?9 en\gh to p\r easily add x to ! ba? wat] & /ir well4 ,! ba? may cont9ue = #aj to #bj m9utes1 & ! feet %\ld be dri$ aft]w>d )\t friction4 ,! pati5t %\ld g to b$ at once2 %e %\ld n w&] ab\t1 cle>+ away h] foot ba?1 do+ =gott5 ?+s1 gett+ h]self *ill$1 & los+ all ! good effects4 ,a foot ba? may be giv5 easily to a pati5t 9 b$4 ,br+ to ! b$side a blanket1 a t[el1 ! tub fill$ ) wat]1 & some?+ ) :i* to protect ! b$2 ?is may be a rubb] %eet1 ba? t[el1 old blanket fold$1 or sev]al ?ick clean newspap]s4 ,loos5 ! upp] cov]s at ! foot ( ! b$1 fold !m back above ! pati5t's knees1 & cov] h] legs & feet ) ! extra blanket mak+ x ov]lap ! b$ clo?+ s t x w n slip4 ,flex ! pati5t's knees1 put ! b$ protector "u h] feet1 place ! tub on ! side ( ! b$1 raise ! legs & feet ) "o h& & arm1 & slide ! tub into place ) ! o!r1 rais+ ! elb[ 9 su* a way t x keeps ! blanket out ( ! wat]4 ,l[] ! feet sl[ly into ! wat]1 fold ! t[el1 & place x ov] ! edge ( ! tub 9 ord] to protect ! pati5t's knees f ! cold rim2 !n tuck ! blanket closely ab\t ! tub & legs & proce$ z be=e4 ,aft] ! ba? use ! t[el1 unless x is wet1 to receive ! feet :5 !y are )drawn f ! tub4 ,remove ! tub1 dry ! feet ?or\ghly1 cov] !m w>mly1 & remake ! b$4 ,,cool ,,sponge ,,ba?4--,= fev]i% pati5ts doctors (t5 ord] cool sponge ba?s4 ,9 ord] to give a cool sponge ba?1 fir/ protect ! b$ ?or\ghly1 b leave ! pati5t uncov]$ except = a t[el laid ov] ! hips4 ,use cool wat]1 or cool wat] & alcohol1 & h ! wa% clo? z wet z x c be )\t dripp+4 ,ba! ! body )\t friction1 us+ long1 light /rokes1 & leave ea* "p wet until ! ba? has be5 complet$4 ,d n use soap4 ,sponge 9 ?is way ! arms1 legs1 *e/1 & back1 b n ! abdom51 = t5 to tw5ty m9utes1 giv+ special att5tion to ! neck & inn] side ( ! arms & legs1 because 9 ^? places l>ge blood vessels lie ne>] ! surface ( ! body4 ,aft] f9i%+ ! ba? dry ! body by patt+ x g5tly ) t[els4 ,take ! pati5t's pulse occasionally dur+ ! ba?1 & /op ! ba? at once if ! pati5t's pulse gr[s weak]1 if %e %iv]s viol5tly1 or if h] face1 f+]s1 or toes turn a blui% color4 ,babies react rapidly to cool spong+2 = a baby use tepid wat]1 sponge = five m9utes only1 & wat* ! *ild closely dur+ ! ba?4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,:at may a ba? be expect$ to accompli% 9 addition to cleans+8 #b4 ,9 giv+ a tub ba?1 :at precautions %\ld be tak5 to avoid *ill+ ! pati5t8 to avoid tir+ ! pati5t8 #c4 ,:at symptoms w\ld lead y to ?9k t a tub ba? 0 n agree+ ) a pati5t8 ,:at %\ld y d 9 su* a case8 #d4 ,"n six ess5tials ( a skillfully giv5 b$ ba?4 #e4 ,:at prep>ations %\ld be made & :at articles assembl$ be=e beg9n+ a b$ ba?8 #f4 ,describe ! me?od ( ba?+ a pati5t 9 b$4 #g4 ,:at c>e %\ld ! m\? & tee? ( e sick p]son receive8 ,h[ %\ld su* c>e be giv5 to a pati5t :o is helpless8 #h4 ,describe ! daily c>e ( a pati5t's hair1 & tell h[ a %ampoo may be giv5 to a pati5t 9 b$4 #i4 ,h[ %\ld y give a mu/>d foot ba? to a pati5t 9 b$8 #aj4 ,:5 & h[ %\ld y give a cool sponge ba?8 ,,= ,,fur!r ,,read+ ,! ,human ,me*anism--,h\gh & ,s$gwick1 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,appliances ,,& ,,me?ods ,,= ,,! ,,sick-,,room ,pati5ts :o are conf9$ to b$ ev5 = a few days (t5 suff] acutely f muscul> t5sion1 f pressure1 & f fatigue due to lack ( ex]cise4 ,inde$1 _m a sick p]son is surpris$ to f9d t ! b$ :i* _h seem$ s inf9itely desirable c *ange into a place ( torm5t aft] a few %ort days ( illness4 ,b$-we>9ess is h>d to be> 9 any case ( illness1 b x is d\bly h>d = p]sons :o are really helpless4 ,unless ! pati5t is an exp]i5c$ suff]] he (t5 has no idea :at %\ld be done to make him com=table2 :ile an equally inexp]i5c$ help]1 ?\gh full ( good w1 is (t5 disc\rag$ to f9d t ! arrangem5t %e _h ?\ght p]fect soon fails to satisfy h] re/less pati5t4 ,b if %e is will+ to devote ?\ght & +5uity to remov+ small annoyances1 %e c d _m ?+s to alleviate 8 mis]y4 ,,b$ ,,sores1 or pressure sores1 are caus$ by cont9u$ pressure ^u ! sk94 ,! weight ( ! body1 or ( a "p ( ! body1 if x comes = a long "t ^u "o place f9ally int]f]es ) ! circulation 9 ! tissues on :i* ! "p re/s1 & consequ5tly int]f]es ) ! nutrition ( ! affect$ "p4 ,any tissue to :i* ! blood is n br++ all its necess>y food supply t5ds to lose its tone1 to become weak1 & if ! condition p]si/s1 to break d[n altoge!r4 ,! direct cause ( b$ sores !n is pressure1 & pressure is aggravat$ by moi/ure1 wr9kles 9 ! b$ clo!s1 crumbs or o!r h>d p>ticles1 lack ( cleanl9ess1 friction ( any k9d1 or by r\gh1 c>eless h&l+4 ,b$ sores occur mo/ (t5 ov] bony prom95ces1 su* z ! end ( ! sp9e1 elb[s1 heels1 %\ld]s1 hips1 ankles1 & knees1 b !y may =m any:]e1 ev5 on ! e>s or back ( ! head4 ,!y are m likely to appe> on ?91 ag$1 or deplet$ pati5ts4 ,^! pa9ful & s]i\s sores c be prev5t$ almo/ always by fai?ful c>e4 ,:5 !y occur1 !y result 9 ! great majority ( cases purely f neglig5ce1 & a p]son :o kn[s ! dang] & yet ?r\gh c>elessness all[s "o to develop ^u a pati5t may ju/ly feel h]self disgrac$4 ,prev5tion ( b$ sores dep5ds ^u keep+ ! sk9 dry & clean & ^u reliev+ pressure by special devices & by turn+ ! pati5t frequ5tly4 ,! p>ts :]e pressure comes %\ld be wa%$ at lea/ twice daily ) w>m wat] & soap1 rubb$ frequ5tly ) alcohol to improve ! circulation & to keep up ! tone ( ! sk91 & p[d]$ ) a little good toilet p[d]4 ,mu* p[d] is likely to d h>m by collect+ 9 h>d1 irritat+ p>ticles4 ,! b$ %\ld be kept con/antly dry & smoo?1 & free f crumbs1 lumps1 wr9kles1 or o!r inequalities4 ,prolong$ pressure %\ld be reliev$ by turn+ ! pati5t (t51--once e wak+ h\r is n too (t5 if ! body is emaciat$1--& by pill[s1 pads1 & r+s4 ,small pill[s or ?ick pads ( cotton %\ld be plac$ "u ! pati5t's back & %\ld]s1 betwe5 ! knees & ankles :5 he lies on 8 side1 & 9 o!r places :]e sores are likely to develop4 ,rubb] r+s are useful1 b few pati5ts l !m = a long "t4 ,!y %\ld n be inflat$ m ?an necess>y to raise ! affect$ "p f ! b$2 if mu* inflat$1 !y are uncom=table & may d h>m4 ,! r+ may be cov]$ ) a musl9 pill[ case1 or x may be w\nd smoo?ly ) long /rips ( b&age or old musl94 ,ord9>y cotton batt+ w\nd ) /rips ( musl9 may be made into r+s & us$ to remove pressure f heels1 elb[s1 or o!r p>ts4 ,^! cotton r+s are less heat+ ?an pads1 & give bett] support4 ,! fir/ sign ( a b$ sore is ei!r r$ness ( ! sk9 or a d>k discoloration l a bruise4 ,e po9t :]e a b$ sore may =m %\ld be inspect$ daily4 ,if ! slighte/ symptom ( a sore appe>s1 ! pati5t mu/ n lie on ! affect$ "p1 & e ef=t %\ld be made to keep ! sk9 f break+2 vigor\s rubb+ at ?is /age is dang]\s1 & w by no means make up = previ\s neglect4 ,! condition %\ld be report$ to ! doctor at once4 ,if 9 spite ( all ef=ts ! sk9 does break1 a peculi>ly difficult k9d ( op5 w\nd results :i* mu/ be treat$ & dress$ accord+ to ! doctor's directions4 ,,devices ,,to ,,give ,,support4--,! v>iety & numb] ( pill[s "o pati5t c use is almo/ unlimit$4 ,a weak pati5t :5 ly+ on 8 side %\ld h 8 back support$ by a pill[4 ,:5 he lies on 8 back a pill[ %\ld be plac$ "u 8 knees to less5 muscul> t5sion1 & if he may be rais$ 9 b$1 sev]al pill[s are ne$$ to support him com=tably4 ,a back re/ is useful = a pati5t :o c sit up 9 b$4 ,satisfactory back re/s ( sev]al types c be pur*as$1 or "o may be improvis$ f a /raight *air plac$ on ! b$ bottom side up1 s t its legs lie aga9/ ! head ( ! b$ & its back =ms an incl9$ plane4 ,back re/ & *air alike %\ld be cov]$ by sev]al pill[s to make !m com=table1 & o!r pill[s %\ld be us$ to support ! pati5t's arms4 ,a p]son :o is sitt+ up 9 b$ always t5ds to slip d[n t[>d ! foot4 ,?is t5d5cy may be correct$ by us+ a foot re/1 knee pad1 or pill[4 ,a h>d pill[ may be plac$ 9 ! b$ at ! foot = ! pati5t to brace 8 feet aga9/2 or a %ort bo>d1 well padd$1 may be arrang$ z foll[s = ! feet to re/ aga9/3 ,fa/5 ropes to ! bo>d1 z ! ropes ( a sw+ are fa/5$ to ! seat2 set ! padd$ bo>d on edge at a conv5i5t po9t bel[ ! pati5t's feet1 & hold x 9 place by ty+ ! ropes ( ! sw+ to ! head ( ! b$4 ,a pill[ may be us$ 9 ! same way1 ei!r at ! feet or "u ! knees1 by fold+ x ov] a long /rip ( musl91 ! ends ( :i* are !n ti$ to ! sides ( ! b$1 br\ght up to ! head1 & !re ti$ to prev5t slipp+4 ,a cyl9drical cu%ion six or eight in*es 9 diamet] & z long z an ord9>y pill[1 /uff$ ) firm mat]ial1 may also be us$ = ?is purpose4 ,x %\ld be held 9 place by /rips ( /rong musl9 or tick+ sew$ to ! ends ( ! cu%ion & ti$ to ! head ( ! b$4 ,! cu%ion %\ld h a wa%able cov]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4--,,%[+ ,,foot-,,sl+ ,,= ,,support+ ,,pati5t ,,9 ,,! ,,upright ,,position4 7,s&]s ,mod]n ,me?ods 9 ,nurs+47 ,supports call$ b$ cradles are us$ to keep ! weight ( ! b$ cov]s f s5sitive p>ts ( ! body1 g5]ally ! feet or abdom54 ,!y are semi-circul> pieces ( wood or iron fa/5$ toge!r s t !y w /& up4 ,a satisfactory cradle may be improvis$ z foll[s3 ,cut a b>rel hoop 9 two1 cross ! halves at "r angles & tie !m toge!r firmly2 place ! cradle ov] ! affect$ "p "u ! b$ clo!s4 ,a small] cradle may be made by tak+ sections t are less ?an half ( ! b>rel hoop4 ,if us$ = "o foot only1 ! cradle %\ld be small en\gh n to int]f]e ) ! motion ( ! o!r foot2 if us$ = bo? feet1 x %\ld be l>ge en\gh to all[ "s fre$om ( motion4 ,s9ce ! cradle leaves an air space1 ! feet %\ld be wrapp$ 9 a piece ( s(t flannel4 ,a cradle us$ = ! protection ( ! abdom5 %\ld ext5d a little beyond ! body on ea* side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4--;,,adju/able ,,b$ ,,re/4 ,adju/able tables are conv5i5t = pati5ts :o are able to sit up 9 b$4 ,^! tables are support$ on "o side only s t !y may ext5d ov] ! b$4 ,ano!r k9d ( b$side table has %ort legs & /&s directly on ! b$4 ,su* a table c easily be made at home f a wide bo>d ) supports six or eight in*es high nail$ to ea* end4 ,a lap bo>d support$ by heavy books may s]ve = tempor>y use4 ,inde$1 home-made sub/itutes are (t5 z good z exp5sive app>atus or ev5 bett]4 ,if sick-room appliances mu/ be b\ght1 x is well to rememb] t simple /&>d designs are be/4 ,complicat$ app>atus is soon out ( ord]1 & is g5]ally a trial bo? to ! pati5t & to ^? :o mu/ adju/ x4 ,p]sons tak+ c>e ( *ronic pati5ts may (t5 obta9 valuable sugge/ions 9 reg>d to appliances by consult+ a visit+ nurse or ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! local hospital4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4--;,,adju/able ,,table4 ,,b$pans are ut5sils to receive b[el & bladd] dis*>ges ( pati5ts ly+ 9 b$4 ,enamel b$pans are bett] ?an porcela91 al?\gh m exp5sive4 ,! %ape kn[n z ! ,p]fection is be/ = g5]al use4 ,a slipp] b$pan1 al?\gh h>d] to clean & ord9>ily less com=table1 may be pref]able if x is especially difficult or undesirable to raise ! pati5t4 ,! squ>e or d\*e pan is pref]r$ by "s p1 & is especially useful :5 ! quantity ( dis*>ge is l>ge1 z aft] an injection4 ,:5 a pati5t asks = ! b$pan x %\ld be br\ght if possible )\t a mom5t's delay1 n only because no o!r =m ( neglect makes a pati5t realize h] helplessness m acutely1 b also because ! desire to use x (t5 passes quickly & delay may enc\rage ! habit ( con/ipation4 ,if ! pati5t does n ask = ! b$pan1 ! att5dant %\ld (f] x at suitable times4 ,b$pans %\ld be w>m$ be=e use4 ,an easy way to w>m "o is to let hot wat] run ov] x2 ! outside %\ld aft]w>d be dri$4 ,to place ! b$pan1 fir/ flex ! pati5t's knees & pu% ! night g[n up2 place "o h& "u ! pati5t's hips1 raise !m slightly1 & ) ! o!r h& slip ! pan into place4 ,if ! pati5t is entirely helpless two p]sons are ne$$ to lift h]4 ,place a pad or fold$ clo? betwe5 ! pati5t's back & ! pan2 !n l[] ! pati5t g5tly4 ,be=e remov+ ! pan1 br+ toilet pap]1 wat] & two pieces ( s(t old musl9 or gauze4 ,a pati5t1 if able1 pref]s to use ! toilet pap] )\t assi/ance2 h] h&s %\ld aft]w>d be ?or\ghly wa%$4 ,if %e is unable1 ! att5dant mu/ d ev]y?+ ne$$4 ,aft] ! pati5t has be5 clean$ z ?or\ghly z possible ) pap] raise h] hips ) "o h& & !n remove ! pan2 x is important to raise h] fir/ because ! sk9 (t5 adh]es & may be injur$ if ! pan is sudd5ly pull$ away2 c>elessness 9 manag+ ! b$pan has caus$ m ?an "o b$ sore4 ,!n remove ! pan ) "o h& & cov] at once4 ,turn ! pati5t1 if helpless1 on h] side1 wa% ! p>ts ) "o piece ( old musl91 ?or\ghly dry !m ) ! o!r1 & ei!r burn or ?or\ghly wa% bo? pieces aft]w>d4 ,empty ! b$pan & clean x at once2 ord9>ily "o c clean x )\t wett+ or soil+ ! h&s4 ,use cold wat] fir/1 remov+ all adh]+ solid p>ticles ) a tightly roll$ piece ( toilet pap]4 ,d n use a bru% = ?is purpose4 ,aft] us+ cold wat]1 r9se ! pan ?or\ghly 9 hot wat]1 & at lea/ once a day wa% x well 9 hot soapsuds4 ,directions = dis9fect+ ! pan w be giv5 lat]1 b rememb] t a prop]ly kept pan ne$s no deodorant solution4 ,glass ur9als %\ld be provid$ = m51 & kept clean 9 ! same way4 ,cont5ts ( bo? b$pan & ur9al %\ld always be c>efully inspect$2 nei!r %\ld be empti$ 9 ! d>k4 ,,daily ,,r\t9e ,,9 ,,! ,,sick-,,room ,obvi\sly ! r\t9e ( a pati5t's day mu/ v>y accord+ to h] condition1 h] pref]5ces1 & ! am\nt ( "t ! att5dant has to give h]4 ,! temp]ature1 pulse1 & respiration mu/ be tak5 & all m$ic9e1 n\ri%m5t1 & treatm5t giv5 at ! exact times ord]$1 b ! att5dant %\ld le>n :e!r or n ! doctor wi%es h] to wake ! pati5t = food or treatm5t4 ,good managem5t 9 ! sick-room dep5ds ^u =esight & plann+1 & !re=e x is well to keep 9 m9d ! foll[+ sugge/ions3 ,vitality is l[e/ 9 ! e>ly morn+1 h5ce ba?s & treatm5ts1 especially if !y are fatigu+ or pa9ful1 %\ld if possible be left until aft] breakfa/4 ,pati5ts (t5 wake e>ly & wait1 weak & mis]able1 = ! day to beg94 ,a hot dr9k at ?is "t may give relief & enable ! pati5t to sleep aga94 ,ev5 ?\gh breakfa/ "t is ne>1 n\ri%m5t %\ld be giv5 z soon z ! pati5t wakes4 ,%e may n admit t %e is hungry1 b h] n\ri%m5t %\ld n be delay$ until ! family breakfa/ is ready1 or /ill worse1 f9i%$4 ,be=e breakfa/ ! b$pan %\ld be (f]$1 ! pati5t's face & h&s %\ld be wa%$1 h] tee? bru%$1 h] hair tidi$1 ! b$ /raight5$1 & ! room put 9 ord]4 ,^! s]vices %\ld require a few m9utes only4 ,! room if prop]ly arrang$ at b$ "t ne$s only a little att5tion n[ unless untidy "w has gone on dur+ ! night2 disord] 9 a sick-room is z unnecess>y 9 ! e>ly morn+ z at any o!r "t4 ,aft] ! pati5t has f9i%$ h] breakfa/ %e may re/1 or if all[$1 read h] mail or ! newspap] :ile ! att5dant prep>es = h] day's "w2 ab\t an h\r aft] breakfa/ ! pati5t %\ld be ba!d1 unless %e pref]s h] ba? 9 ! ev5+4 ,aft] ! ba? "s =m ( light n\ri%m5t %\ld be giv51 ev5 to a pati5t :o has regul> meals4 ,if a pati5t is able to sit up 9 a *air1 ! be/ "t = h] to d s is g5]ally j aft] ! ba? & toilet h be5 complet$2 b if %e feels tir$ %e _h bett] wait until aft]noon4 ,! b$ room c be bett] air$ & clean$ if x is possible to take h] into ano!r room2 & %e h]self g5]ally pr(its by a *ange ( sc5e4 ,! doctor %\ld def9itely /ate :5 & = h[ long a pati5t may sit up = ! fir/ "t aft] an illness1 & an amateur :o may be ignorant ( ! dang]s involv$ %\ld n assume ! responsibility ( decid+4 ,:5 a pati5t is to sit up = ! fir/ "t1 put on h] /ock+s1 slipp]s1 & wrapp] be=e %e leaves ! b$4 ,arrange an arm *air ) pill[s 9 ! seat & at ! back1 br+ x close to ! b$side & cov] x ) a l>ge blanket unfold$4 ,! *air may face ei!r ! head or ! foot ( ! b$4 ,help ! pati5t to a sitt+ position on ! extreme edge ( ! b$1 ) h] feet hang+ d[n4 ,next1 /&+ 9 front ( h] & support+ h] well1 let h] slip d[n until %e /&s ^u h] feet1 !n let h] turn1 & g5tly l[] h] into ! *air4 ,see t ! pati5t :ile sitt+ up is w>mly cov]$1 & t h] foot-/ool1 pill[s1 etc41 are adju/$ com=tably4 ,move h] *air s t ! outlook may be z int]e/+ z possible1 & at lea/ a little diff]5t f ! view f ! b$4 ,mo/ pati5ts l to look out ( ! w9d[2 *ildr5 & old p enjoy x p>ticul>ly4 ,if ! pati5t %[s signs ( fatigue1 %e %\ld g back to b$ ev5 be=e ! appo9t$ "t4 ,to help h] back to b$1 rev]se ! process ( help+ h] out4 ,a foot/ool may be ne$$ if ! b$ is high1 or two p to lift h] if %e is weak or heavy4 ,:5 a pati5t is 9 b$ no "o %\ld ev] sit on ! b$1 lean aga9/ x1 use x z a table = fold+ l951 mak+ pads1 etc41 take hold ( ! b$ po/s 9 pass+1 or t\* ! b$ unnecess>ily 9 any way4 ,! be/ "t = visitors is ! la/ ( ! morn+ or ! e>ly aft]noon4 ,a judici\s visitor may d an imm5se am\nt ( good1 especially to a *ronic pati5t2 inde$1 %e may be ! only ray ( light 9 a d>k day4 ,subjects ( conv]sation %\ld be pleasant1 b n too /imulat+ or excit+4 ,! visitor %\ld be prep>$ to c>ry ! burd5 ( ! conv]sation1 to drop topics skillfully t seem to involve fatigue or excitem5t1 & ei!r to g or to /op talk+ if ! pati5t seems tir$4 ,visitors %\ld rememb] to talk naturally & *e]fully on ord9>y topics1 & to avoid excessive sympa?y & labor$ attempts to *e] ! pati5t4 ,!y %\ld also rememb] t few pati5ts be> well ev5 ! milde/ =ms ( teas+4 ,! pati5t's room is n ! place to discuss p]sonal or family tr\bles2 yet x is only too (t5 *os5 = su* purposes1 probably because ! compla9] kn[s t 9 x an audi5ce is always to be f\nd4 ,visitors n belong+ to ! family %\ld n be pres5t 9 ! sick-room dur+ treatm5t ( any k9d1 unless _! help is requir$2 nei!r1 z a rule1 %\ld !y /ay dur+ ! pati5t's meals4 ,a memb] ( ! family may /ay ) advantage if ! pati5t tires ( eat+ alone1 b casual visitors almo/ inv>iably (f5d by undue urg+ if ! pati5t's appetite is poor1 or by faceti\s rem>ks if x is good4 ,ord9>ily only "o visitor %\ld be admitt$ at a "t1 s9ce a weak pati5t may be tir$ m]ely by look+ f "o to ano!r4 ,if x is desirable to limit ! call1 ! att5dant %\ld tell ! visitor be=eh& h[ long to /ay1 or arrange a signal = ! visit to end4 ,to ann\nce baldly 9 ! sick-room t ! pati5t is tir$ & ! visitor mu/ g1 w only elicit aggriev$ prote/s f bo?4 ,9 illness la/+ only a day or two all visitors %\ld be disc\rag$2 dur+ colds1 because !y are communicable2 dur+ g5]al fatigue1 heada*es1 dige/ive upsets1 & pa9ful m5/ruation1 because re/ & quiet are highly desirable4 ,visitors at su* times too frequ5tly give injudici\s sympa?y1 & may actually delay ! recov]y ( pati5ts :o enjoy play+ ! rle ( int]e/+ invalid4 ,! "t :5 a tru/wor?y visitor is pres5t may be ! be/ "t = ! att5dant to re/4 ,! pati5t %\ld be told :5 ! att5dant is go+1 & approximately :5 %e w return4 ,x is a mi/ake to slip away :ile ! pati5t sleeps2 %e seldom fails to wake be=e ! "t s*$ul$ & to res5t ! des]tion4 ,surprises ( any k9d1 pleasant or unpleasant1 are seldom good = pati5ts4 ,t[>d ! end ( ! aft]noon ! pati5t is probably tir$1 especially if %e has n slept dur+ ! day4 ,:5 fev] is pres5t h] heada*e & re/lessness increase z ! day goes on1 b x %\ld be rememb]$ t uncom=table b$s & too heavy cov]s cause mu* ( ! re/lessness attribut$ to fev]4 ,rubb+ ! back & legs ) alcohol1 giv+ a tepid sponge ba?1 remak+ ! b$ or *ang+ h] position may help to soo! h]4 ,! ev5+ %\ld be kept free f excitem5t1 & e possible ef=t %\ld be made to enc\rage sleep4 ,x is a mi/ake to ?9k t a bett] night results f keep+ a sleepy pati5t awake all ! ev5+2 sick p %\ld sleep :5 !y c4 ,j be=e b$time ! att5dant %\ld prep>e h] own cot1 & !n make ! foll[+ prep>ations = ! pati5t to sleep3 wa% ! pati5t's face & h&s or give a sponge ba? if x is desir$1 bru% ! hair1 *ange ! night g[n1 bru% crumbs f ! b$1 tight5 ! %eets or remake ! b$ if necess>y1 rub ! back & o!r pressure po9ts ) alcohol1 %ake ! pill[s1 give liquid n\ri%m5t1 pref]ably hot1 cleanse ! m\?1 & give ! b$pan4 ,see t ! pati5t's feet are w>m1 ! b$ cov]s "r1 ! room v5tilat$ prop]ly & 9 good ord]1 & ! light ext+ui%$ or arrang$ = ! night4 ,if ! pati5t is incl9$ to be wakeful a hot foot ba? may help h]1 or spong+ ! entire l5g? ( ! sp9e = fifte5 m9utes1 us+ v hot wat] & long d[nw>d quiet /rokes4 ,no conv]sation %\ld be enc\rag$ dur+ prep>ations = ! night4 ,pati5ts 9 b$ all day (t5 lose ! habit ( sleep+ at ! regul> "t1 & lie awake f> into ! night f a vague feel+ t someone else is com+ or some?+ fur!r is to be done = !m4 ,consequ5tly la/ ( all ask ! pati5t if %e wants any?+ m2 if n1 say good-night1 g out & /ay out1 at lea/ until %e has _h a *ance to g to sleep4 ,%e is ?us help$ to realize t no?+ fur!r is likely to happ51 & t x is "t to g to sleep4 ,t[>d morn+ ! pati5t gr[s weak]4 ,m b$ cov]s w probably be ne$$1 & !y may (t5 be add$ )\t wak+ h]4 ,night at ! be/ is a dre>y "t = ! sick4 ,pa9 & we>9ess & disc\ragem5t are less be>able 9 ! d>kness2 n]v\s fe>s & morbid fancies defy control4 ,nev] is k9dness m ne$$ or m appreciat$ ?an x is by ^? :o lie awake & wat* = ! morn+4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,"n all ! causes1 direct & indirect1 ( pressure sores4 #b4 ,:y are pressure sores g5]ally m s]i\s ?an injuries ( equal ext5t to ! sk9 ( a well p]son8 #c4 ,:]e are pressure sores mo/ likely to occur & :at are _! symptoms8 #d4 ,:at measures %\ld be employ$ to prev5t pressure sores8 #e4 ,describe ways to support a p]son ly+ d[n 9 b$4 #f4 ,describe ways to support a p]son sitt+ up 9 b$4 #g4 ,h[ may ! weight ( ! b$clo!s be remov$ f any p>ticul> "p ( ! body8 #h4 ,h[ %\ld a b$pan be c>$ =8 #i4 ,describe 9 detail a day's r\t9e ei!r ( y\rself ! la/ "t y 7 ill 9 b$1 or ( ano!r pati5t p]sonally kn[n to y4 ,c\ld ! plan ( ! day h be5 improv$1 & if s1 9 :at ways8 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,fe$+ ,,! ,,sick ,sub/ances us$ = food are g5]ally gr\p$ into ?ree classes1 call$ ! ?ree nutri5ts4 ,! nutri5ts are3 fir/1 ! proteids or nitrog5\s sub/ances1 :i* are f\nd 9 meat1 fi%1 eggs1 milk1 *eese1 peas1 beans1 etc42 second1 ! c>bohydrates1 :i* include sug>s & />*2 & ?ird1 ! fats1 :i* are f\nd 9 butt]1 oil1 ! fat ( meat1 etc4 ,9 addition to ! nutri5ts1 wat] & c]ta9 m9]al salts are ess5tial to life1 :ile "s indige/ible mat]ial l ! fibre ( vegetables is ne$$ to give bulk & to /imulate ! action ( ! inte/9es4 ,! nutri5ts furni% ! body ) mat]ials = gr[?1 & = repair ( tissues worn out by use2 !y also furni% fuel sub/ances f :i* ! body obta9s its heat & its en]gy4 ,all ?ree nutri5ts c s]ve z fuel1 b ! proteids alone c furni% mat]ials = gr[? & repair ( tissues4 ,9 ord] to be us$ by ! body = any purpose1 nutri5ts mu/ fir/ g ?r\gh a s]ies ( complicat$ *anges kn[n z dige/ion1 :i* r5d]s !m soluble s t !y c soak ?r\gh ! walls ( ! inte/9e4 ,,! ,,dige/ive ,,process ,dige/ion beg9s 9 ! m\?4 ,!re ! food is cru%$ & its fibres sep>at$ by ! tee?1 x is moi/5$ by ! saliva1 & sub/ances 9 ! saliva beg9 a *emical action ^u ! />*4 ,*ew+ %\ld be suffici5t to r$uce ! food to a s(t mass well moi/5$ ) saliva4 ,sl[ eat+ is desirable1 b ! emphasis %\ld be plac$ on ?or\gh *ew+4 ,= in/ance1 long int]vals betwe5 bites are ( no special b5efit if m\?fuls ( food are wa%$ d[n by swall[s ( wat]4 ,aft] x has be5 swall[$1 ! food passes into ! /oma* & rema9s !re = a v>iable l5g? ( "t1 :ile x und]goes fur!r prep>ation = absorption4 ,x is mov$ ab\t by ! contraction ( ! muscul> walls ( ! /oma*1 s t x becomes mix$ ) ! /oma* juices & m ?or\ghly s(t5$4 ,"s dige/ion ( proteids goes on 9 ! /oma*1 & a little absorption ?r\gh ! walls4 ,little by little ! food is dis*>g$ f ! /oma* into ! small inte/9e1 & ! mo/ important "p ( dige/ion !n beg9s4 ,x is act$ ^u *emically by a fluid fl[+ into ! inte/9e f an organ call$ ! pancreas2 ?is pancreatic juice acts ^u all ?ree nutri5ts & is ( great importance 9 ! dige/ive process4 ,! bile & o!r juices t fl[ into ! inte/9e p]=m important functions also4 ,! food masses are mov$ along by rhy?mic contractions ( ! inte/9e1 & absorption goes on :5 ! food has be5 s *ang$ t x c soak ?r\gh ! inte/9al walls into ! blood & lymph vessels4 ,! small inte/9e is ab\t #bj feet long1 & consequ5tly af=ds a l>ge surface = absorption1 z does also ! l>ge inte/9e1 into :i* ! small inte/9e op5s4 ,! blood & lymph c>ry ! dige/$ food sub/ances to all p>ts ( ! body1 & ?us ! diff]5t tissues are provid$ ) ! mat]ials !y ne$ = gr[?1 repair1 & en]gy4 ,excess ( food sub/ances may be /or$ z fat or expell$ f ! body4 ,z ! blood & lymph g ?r\gh ! tissues !y take f ! tissues ! refuse1 or ! "p t rema9s aft] ! fuel sub/ances h be5 consum$4 ,?is refuse f ! tissues may be lik5$ to ! a%es f a furnace2 x is f9ally elim9at$ f ! body ?r\gh ! kidneys & lungs1 & to "s ext5t ?r\gh ! sk9 & b[els4 ,! "p ( ! food t is n dige/$ ( c\rse nev] soaks ?r\gh ! inte/9al walls2 x m]ely passes ?r\gh ! small & l>ge inte/9es & is f9ally expell$ z feces or b[el movem5ts4 ,! *>act]i/ic odor ( fecal matt] results f ! action ( bact]ia ^u x :ile 9 ! l>ge inte/9e4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! body is n n\ri%$ m]ely by swall[+ food3 9 ord] to n\ri% ! body food mu/ also be dige/$1 absorb$1 & made use ( by ! tissues4 ,_m factors may op]ate bo? 9 heal? & 9 sickness to r5d] food indige/ible4 ,x may be orig9ally unsuit$ to ! human dige/ive app>atus1 or spoil$1 or poor 9 quality1 or badly cook$4 ,b ev5 :5 :olesome 9 itself x may be ill-adapt$ to a p>ticul> p]son at a p>ticul> "t2 ?us x may be too great 9 am\nt1 or eat5 at improp] h\rs4 ,moreov] a p]son's own idiosyncrasy or mann] ( liv+ or fatigue or illness may r5d] x especially indige/ible = him4 ,exp]im5ts h %[n t pa91 fe>1 worry1 & o!r unpleasant emotions actually /op ! action ( ! dige/ive juices & *eck muscul> contractions ( ! small inte/9e4 ,fur!rmore1 ev5 ! abs5ce ( pleasant anticipation ( food has be5 %[n to delay dige/ion = h\rs4 ,?us sci5tific k confirms our common exp]i5ce t su* m5tal /ates s]i\sly int]f]e ) dige/ion4 ,! conv]se is also true4 ,agreeable ta/e & odor ( food1 or ev5 pleasurable ?\ght ( x1 />t ! secretion ( dige/ive fluids4 ,x is a common say+ t ! m\? wat]s at ! prospect ( invit+ food1 b x is less well kn[n t appetiz+ food does actually />t ! /oma* juices also4 ,a p]son :o und]/&s ! physiological effect t ! emotions h ^u dige/ion is 9 a f> bett] frame ( m9d to cope successfully ) ! difficulties ( fe$+ ! sick ?an "o :o consid]s sick p]sons' likes & dislikes entirely irrational4 ,,fe$+ ,,! ,,sick ,n\ri%+ ! sick is n always an easy problem1 b its importance c h>dly be ov]e/imat$4 ,inde$1 prop] fe$+ 9 _m illnesses makes ! diff]5ce betwe5 life & dea?4 ,! actual am\nt ( n\ri%m5t ne$$ 9 sickness is (t5 less ?an 9 heal?1 b x may be j z great1 or ev5 great] if ! illness causes increas$ tissue wa/e4 ,yet ! dige/ive process ( a sick p]son mu/ be r5d]$ z little labori\s z possible1 all foods ord9>ily difficult to dige/ mu/ be elim9at$1 c]ta9 o!rs mu/ be )held or re/rict$ accord+ to ! nature ( ! sickness1 & 9 addition "o may h to deal ) an appetite t is caprici\s1 dim9i%$1 or totally abs5t4 ,diet = ! sick is (t5 a "p ( m$ical treatm5t2 9 su* cases ! doctor w prescribe special diets & 8 ord]s mu/ be c>efully c>ri$ out4 ,except = special diets1 food = ! sick is g5]ally divid$ into f\r classes3 fir/1 liquid or fluid diet2 second1 semi-solid diet2 ?ird1 light or convalesc5t diet2 & la/ly1 full diet4 ,^! diets are n v %>ply di/+ui%$4 ,,liquid ,,diet g5]ally includes milk1 eggnog1 album5 wat]1 bro?s1 s\p1 beef juice1 ?9 gruel1 & bev]ages4 ,liquid diet makes lea/ dem& ^u ! dige/ive p[]s1 because x consi/s ( food already dissolv$ & !re=e ne>] ! condition 9 :i* x c be absorb$4 ,moreov]1 x is less likely ?an o!r foods to conta9 excess ( fat1 improp]ly cook$ />*es1 & o!r indige/ible mat]ial4 ,liquids mu/ be giv5 at regul> int]vals & at %ort] int]vals ?an solid foods2 #f to #h ounces e two or ?ree h\rs is n too mu* if ! pati5t c take x4 ,! doctor usually specifies ! am\nt & ! int]val4 ,"s pati5ts w take m n\ri%m5t at "o "t if ! int]val is slightly increas$4 ,,semi-,,solid ,,diet includes all fluids & 9 addition s(t milk toa/1 s(t cook$ eggs1 well cook$ c]eal1 cu/>ds1 ice cream & ices1 junket1 & gelat9e jellies4 ,liquid or semi-solid diet is commonly giv5 9 acute fev]s because dige/ive juices & o!r fluids ( ! body are !n dim9i%$1 & also because _! dige/ion places a m9imum ( "w ^u a sy/em already burd5$ ) bact]ial poisons4 ,,light ,,or ,,convalesc5t ,,diet g5]ally means a simple mix$ diet4 ,9 addition to ! articles 9 ! two prec$+ diets x includes oy/]s1 *ick51 bak$ potatoes1 mo/ fruits except bananas1 simple dess]ts1 :ite fi%1 & o!r meats & vegetables add$ judici\sly until full diet is rea*$4 ,fri$ foods %\ld n be includ$4 ,,full ,,diet means an unre/rict$ m5u1 b ev5 f full diets especially indige/ible foods %\ld be exclud$4 ,! pr9ciples ( fe$+ s$5t>y p]sons z describ$ 9 manuals ( dietetics apply to pati5ts :o are oblig$ to be inactive al?\gh n really ill1 z = example1 a pati5t suff]+ f a brok5 leg4 ,ord9>ily 9 su* cases1 z 9 o!r k9ds ( illness1 ! appetite is greatly dim9i%$1 b a ^w ( w>n+ %\ld be giv5 aga9/ ov]fe$+ pati5ts ^: meals are _! *ief int]e/4 ,su* pati5ts are only too likely to int]pret full diet z any?+ !y desire 9 any quantity at any "t ( day or night1 & !n to attribute _! discom=t & irritability to _! illness r ?an to ov]eat+4 ,con/ipation is especially /ubborn 9 sickness1 s9ce ! pati5t is depriv$ ( 8 usual ex]cise & v>iety ( food4 ,s f> z possible ! b[els %\ld be regulat$ by diet4 ,laxative foods include mo/ vegetables ) a l>ge am\nt ( fibre1 co>se c]eals & fl\r1 oils & fats1 & mo/ fruits & fruit juices4 ,un=tunately _m laxative foods are difficult = sick p]sons to dige/ & mu/ !re=e be us$ ) caution4 ,a glass ( hot or cold wat] or orange juice an h\r be=e breakfa/ may be helpful1 & at b$ "t hot lemonade1 oranges1 prunes1 figs1 or o!r fruit if all[$4 ,x is ess5tial = pati5ts to dr9k wat] freely1 & x %\ld be giv5 betwe5 meals & also betwe5 liquid n\ri%m5ts4 ,p]sons inexp]i5c$ 9 ! c>e ( ! sick frequ5tly make ! mi/ake ( br++ wat] only :5 a pati5t asks = x4 ,_m acute illnesses beg9 ) fev]1 heada*e1 sore ?roat1 & especially among *ildr5 ) vomit+1 di>rha1 & o!r dige/ive di/urbances4 ,9 su* cases all food %\ld be )held until ! doctor comes1 b boil$ wat]1 hot or cold1 %\ld be giv5 freely4 ,ef=ts to tempt ! appetite are !n mi/ak52 few p are injur$ & _m are b5efit$ by omitt+ food ev5 = #bd h\rs at ! beg9n+ ( an acute illness1 & ) few exceptions a doctor c be f\nd 9 a %ort] "t4 ,,s]v+ ,,food ,,= ,,! ,,sick4--,food = ! sick %\ld always be mo/ c>efully prep>$ & ( ! be/ quality1 & 9 addition x %\ld be z invit+1 z v>i$1 & z well s]v$ z possible4 ,neglect 9 ^! respects is inexcusable4 ,ev5 slight c>elessness 9 prep>+ or s]v+ food may ar\se disgu/ & ?us bani% p]man5tly "s valuable article f ! diet>y4 ,trays1 di%es1 tray clo?s1 & napk9s = ! pati5t mu/ be absolutely clean & z attractive z possible4 ,crack$ or *ipp$ di%es %\ld n be us$4 ,individual sets ( di%es = ! sick may be pur*as$1 & _! conv5i5ce makes !m well wor? _! price4 ,pap] napk9s may be us$ 9 _m cases to save laundry "w2 clean :ite pap] is always sup]ior to soil$ l954 ,be=e ! tray is br\ght to ! b$side1 ev]y?+ %\ld be arrang$ s t ! pati5t c eat 9 com=t4 ,x is bad managem5t to let ! s\p cool :ile ! pati5t's pill[s & table are be+ adju/$4 ,9 sett+ ! tray great c>e %\ld be devot$ to plac+ ! articles conv5i5tly1 & to ! appe>ance & g>ni%+ ( ! food4 ,c>eful s]v+ requires m ?\ght1 b little if any m actual "t ?an slov5ly s]v+4 ,di%es %\ld n be s full t food is spill$ 9 transit2 hot di%es %\ld be cov]$2 hot di%es %\ld rea* ! pati5t hot1 & cold di%es cold4 ,liquid n\ri%m5t 9 a glass or cup %\ld be s]v$ on a small tray or plate cov]$ ) a doily4 ,nei!r glass nor cup %\ld be held by ! rim4 ,x is n uncommon to ov]load trays & to s]ve ev]y?+ at once 9 ord] to save /eps1 b a pati5t is ord9>ily m int]e/$ 9 a meal t is s]v$ 9 c\rses unless v long int]vals elapse betwe54 ,moreov]1 if ! meal is s]v$ 9 c\rses he is n tempt$ to eat dess]t fir/ & !n to refuse ! re/ ( ! meal4 ,if food is giv5 suffici5tly (t5 x is saf] to err on ! side ( s]v+ too little at a "t r ?an too mu*1 s9ce ! sight ( l>ge am\nts ( food is (t5 disgu/+4 ,! pati5t's likes & dislikes %\ld be consid]$ z f> z possible1 b mo/ pati5ts %\ld n be consult$ ab\t _! m5us be=eh&4 ,great v>iety 9 "o meal is n necess>y2 x %\ld be introduc$ by v>y+ successive meals4 ,an article t has be5 especially dislik$ %\ld n be s]v$ a second "t1 unless x c be disguis$ beyond a possibility ( detection4 ,an article ( food to :i* a pati5t objects %\ld be remov$ at once2 "o may appe> disappo9t$ if x seems wise1 b %\ld nev] argue4 ,:5 pati5ts p]si/5tly refuse necess>y n\ri%m5t a difficult situation is pres5t$2 p]suasion & e =m ( +5uity mu/ be us$1 & ! doctor's cop]ation enli/$4 ,:51 = example1 a /rict milk diet is ord]$ = a pati5t :o ann\nces t he nev] takes milk 9 any circum/ances ! situation may seem hopeless b x is n necess>ily s4 ,,to ,,fe$ ,a ,,helpless ,,pati5t4--,helpless & weak pati5ts mu/ be assi/$ to eat or dr9k4 ,a napk9 %\ld fir/ be plac$ "u ! pati5t's *94 ,! att5dant %\ld place h] h& "u ! pill[1 raise ! head slightly1 & hold ! glass to 8 lips ) h] o!r h&4 ,an ord9>y tumbl] c be us$ by a pati5t ly+ d[n if x is n m ?an a qu>t] full1 or a special fe$+ cup may be pur*as$4 ,b5t glass tubes may be us$ = cool liquids2 !y %\ld be wa%$ imm$iately aft] use4 ,a *ild :o c sit up sometimes takes m n\ri%m5t if x is giv5 ?r\gh a soda wat] /raw4 ,if ! pati5t mu/ be f$ ) a spoon c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! liquid is n too hot1 b ! att5dant %\ld n bl[ ^u x to cool x4 ,x %\ld be giv5 f ! po9t ( a spoon plac$ at "r angles to ! lips1 & pl5ty ( "t betwe5 m\?fuls %\ld be all[$4 ,a swall[ %\ld n be giv5 at ! mom5t :5 ! pati5t is draw+ ! brea? 94 ,great pati5ce is requir$ if a helpless p]son is to be f$ acceptably4 ,! att5dant %\ld sit by ! b$side r ?an /&1 %\ld pres5t at lea/ ! appe>ance ( hav+ unlimit$ "t1 & %\ld endeavor n to deprive ! pati5t 9 any way ( ! satisfaction he may d]ive f 8 n\ri%m5t4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,:at ne$s ( ! body d food sub/ances supply8 #b4 ,give an outl9e ( ! dige/ive process4 #c4 ,describe ! effect ( diff]5t m5tal /ates ^u dige/ion1 & give examples ( ! ways by :i* a k ( ^! effects may be utiliz$ 9 fe$+ pati5ts4 #d4 ,:y is ! problem ( n\ri%+ ! body ( especial importance 9 sickness8 #e4 ,"n ! f\r ord9>y classes ( diet = ! sick1 & m5tion all ! articles y c belong+ to ea* class4 #f4 ,:y is con/ipation a common ailm5t among pati5ts conf9$ to b$1 & :at attempts %\ld be made to ov]come x by ! diet8 #g4 ,:y is x necess>y = sick p]sons to dr9k wat] freely1 & :at ef=ts %\ld ! att5dant make to enc\rage !m to d s8 #h4 ,describe ! prop] s]v+ ( a pati5t's tray4 #i4 ,h[ %\ld helpless pati5ts be assi/$ to eat8 ,,= ,,fur!r ,,read+ ,heal? & ,disease--,rog] ,i4 ,lee1 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,! ,human ,me*anism--,h\gh & ,s$gwick1 ,*apt]s ,,viii1 ,,xiii1 ,,xix4 ,notes on ,nurs+--,flor5ce ,night+ale1 ,pages #fc-gi4 ,h[ to ,live--,fi%] & ,fisk1 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,bodily ,*anges 9 ,pa91 ,hung]1 ,fe> & ,rage--,cannon1 ,*apt] ,i4 ,food = ! ,invalid & ! ,convalesc5t--,w9ifr$ ,s4 ,gibbs4 ,practical ,dietetics--,pattee1 ,*apt]s ,,iv1 ,v4 ,fe$+ ! ,family--,rose4 ,diet 9 ,heal? & ,disease--,fri$5wald & ,ruhrah4 ,fe$+ ,*ildr5 f ,two to ,sev5 ,ye>s ,old--,new ,york ,city ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal?4 ,am]ican ,r$ ,cross ,text ,book on ,home ,dietetics--,ada ,z4 ,fi%4 ,em]g5cy ,cook+--,pamphlet #gjh1 ,am]ican ,r$ ,cross4 ,w> ,diet 9 ! ,home--,pamphlet #gjf1 ,am]ican ,r$ ,cross4 ,r$ ,cross ,cons]vation ,food ,c\rse = ,*ildr5 & ,special ,classes--,pamphlet #gje1 ,am]ican ,r$ ,cross4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,m$ic9es ,,& ,,o!r ,,rem$ies ,,action ,,( ,,drugs4--,mod]n m$ical practice increas+ly emphasizes diet1 ba?s1 ex]cises1 & o!r hygi5ic measures 9 ! treatm5t ( sickness4 ,drugs are giv5 f> less ?an !y 7 a g5]ation ago2 yet m$ic9es are /ill ! mo/ famili> ( all rem$ies1 & ! mo/ abus$ by ^? :o p]si/ 9 treat+ !mselves4 ,misuse ( m$ic9e ev5 by intellig5t p is a/oni%+ly common4 ,problems ( sickness & heal? w\ld be enorm\sly cl>ifi$ if ! uses & limitations ( drugs 7 m g5]ally und]/ood4 ,_m p /ill believe t e disease c be cur$ by a drug if only ! doctor is clev] or lucky en\gh to ?9k ( ! "r "o to give4 ,su* beliefs result naturally en\gh f c5turies ( fai? 9 *>ms & magic1 & occasionally are confirm$ by rem>kable cures app>5tly br\ght ab\t by drugs1 b really pure co9cid5ce or ! result ( sugge/ion4 ,x is a fact t a few m$ic9es are kn[n :i* if rightly us$ actually d cure c]ta9 diseases4 ,an example ( _! action is ! curative effect ( qu99e 9 mal>ia4 ,su* m$ic9es1 un=tunately1 are few4 ,9 ! great majority ( cases m$ic9es d n cure disease2 _! b5eficial action is ord9>ily indirect & is due to _! p[] ei!r to increase or to *eck c]ta9 processes )9 ! body4 ,x is "h t ! abuse ( drugs comes 94 ,disord]$ bodily processes give rise to symptoms ( disease2 & x is ! symptoms ( disease1 n ! disease itself1 t tr\ble ! pati5t4 ,a pati5t ) typhoid1 = example1 is n consci\s ( ! tox9s 9 8 blood1 b ( heada*e1 weakness1 & fev]2 ! man ) eye/ra9 is n aw>e ( an imp]fectly %ap$ l5s1 b ( heada*e & indige/ion4 ,:at ! pati5t wants is to h 8 symptoms reliev$2 9 "s cases !y c be controll$ by drugs1 & ! suff]] !n consid]s himself cur$4 ,b ! orig9al condition p]si/s3 x may 9 ! meantime be improv+1 b x may on ! o!r h& be gr[+ worse4 ,n infrequ5tly x is be/ to *eck symptoms1 & to *eck !m by means ( drugs4 ,:5 !y %\ld be *eck$1 only a ?or\ghly tra9$ physician is qualifi$ to decide4 ,! "q is n "o = amateurs1 s9ce ! :ole practice ( m$ic9e1 includ+ ! prescription ( drugs1 con/antly becomes m ne>ly an exact sci5ce4 ,p %\ld obta9 & foll[ exp]t advice 9 reg>d to heal? z !y w\ld 9 reg>d to o!r affairs ( life4 ,! con/ant self-dos+ practis$ by ?\s&s ( p is h>mful & un9tellig5t2 x is1 h[ev]1 no less irrational to g to ! o!r extreme & refuse to take m$ic9e prescrib$ by a compet5t doctor4 ,,amateur ,,dos+4--,amateur dos+ ei!r ( oneself or ( o!rs is dang]\s 9 m ways ?an "o4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 "t is lo/4 ,moreov]1 symptoms are *>act]i/ic2 *eck+ or alt]+ !m increases ! difficulty ( f9d+ ! real tr\ble4 ,! man ) eye/ra9 :o takes "o drug to /op 8 heada*e & ano!r to cure 8 /oma*1 is simply delay+ ! "t :5 prop]ly adju/$ glasses w relieve bo?4 ,9 ?is case ! result may n be s]i\s2 b su* a loss ( "t 9 f9d+ ! tr\ble & beg9n+ prop] treatm5t might prove fatal 9 ! case ( tub]culosis4 ,ano!r objection to amateur prescription ( m$ic9e is ! fact t mo/ drugs h m ?an "o effect4 ,9 addition to _! ma9 action !y h o!rs1 subord9ate or ord9>ily less m>k$4 ,^! m9or effects may be s]i\s 9 "s cases4 ,_m heada*e rem$ies1 = example1 affect ! he>t2 a dose t is h>mless = a normal p]son may be /rong en\gh to injure s]i\sly a p]son ) a weak he>t4 ,a doctor1 & a doctor only1 is compet5t to decide :5 & 9 :at quantity m$ic9es w be b5eficial1 because he alone und]/&s bo? ! condition ( ! pati5t & all ! possible effects ( ! drug4 ,9 no circum/ances %\ld m$ic9e prescrib$ = "o p]son be tak5 by ano!r4 ,?is rule seems obvi\s en\gh2 yet e day p pass on _! pet rem$ies to fri5ds4 ,"s m$ic9es det]iorate aft] /&+1 & o!rs gr[ /rong]2 nev]!less1 m$ic9e suppos$ to h cur$ a c\gh or a tonic suppos$ to h /r5g!n$ "s memb] ( ! family aft] an attack ( grippe is *e]fully adm9i/]$ mon?s lat] to ano!r memb] ( ! family1 :o1 to make matt]s worse1 may diff] 9 age1 /r5g?1 & probably 9 ! nature ( 8 sickness4 ,drugs are exp5sive1 & x is consid]$ economical to use !m up2 measur$ by lo/ "t & impair$ heal? su* practices may be any?+ b ?rifty4 ,ca?>tics1 tonics1 & v>i\s drugs to relieve pa9 & sleeplessness are among ! rem$ies mo/ commonly tak5 )\t m$ical advice4 ,en\gh has already be5 said ab\t con/ipation to indicate prop] hygi5ic treatm5t1 b ano!r w>n+ %\ld be giv5 aga9/ habitual use ( ca?>tics4 ,_m ( ^! drugs are irritat+2 ev5 :5 n irritat+1 !y are h>mful1 s9ce ! body dep5ds m & m ^u ! drug to d = x :at x %\ld be enabl$ to d = itself1 by rem$y+ ! orig9al cause ( ! tr\ble4 ,licorice p[d]1 casc>a1 sal9e ca?>tics su* z ,seidlitz p[d]s & ,ro*elle ,salts & "s o!rs are h>mless = occasional use1 if occasional is n too lib]ally int]pret$4 ,tonics are poor sub/itutes = prop] diet1 re/1 & fre% air4 ,us+ !m may be lik5$ to beat+ a tir$ horse2 ! horse goes fa/]1 b he is n really /rong]4 ,9 "s em]g5cies ! horse mu/ g fa/] & !re is no?+ to d b beat him1 & 9 "s cases ! tonic %\ld be giv52 ^!1 h[ev]1 are cases = a doctor to decide4 ,p p]si/ 9 tak+ tonics because !y are unwill+ or unable to re/1 or o!rwise to *ange _! ways ( liv+4 ,m$ic9es to /op pa9 or to induce sleep are probably ! mo/ p]nici\s ( all self-prescrib$ rem$ies1 = !y add to o!r dang]s ! possibility ( =m+ drug habits4 ,^! habits are s insidi\s & s p[]ful t x is n safe to take habit-=m+ drugs ev5 once except by a doctor's direction4 ,9 %ort p]iods ( "t /rong p1 app>5tly firm 9 w & "*1 h acquir$ habits f suppos$ly mod]ate use ( drugs l morph9e1 coca9e1 & alcohol4 ,no "o1 no matt] h[ sure ( 8 own self-control1 c af=d to run s grave a risk4 ,,pat5t ,,rem$ies4--,objections to self dos+ 9 g5]al apply ev5 m /rongly to us+ pat5t m$ic9es4 ,! +r$i5ts ( pat5t m$ic9es are ord9>ily unkn[n1 s t us+ !m is un9tellig5t at be/4 ,sometimes !y conta9 habit-=m+ or o!r h>mful drugs4 ,9 o!r cases ! +r$i5ts are innoc5t en\gh1 b totally unable to br+ ab\t ! results claim$ = !m4 ,! old /ory ab\t a p[]ful rem$y discov]$ by accid5t & ?us unkn[n to ! m$ical pr(ession deceives only ! ignorant or cr$ul\s2 ) our pres5t k ( *emi/ry & physiology p[]ful rem$ies are n discov]$ 9 t way4 ,ev5 to ^! comp>atively h>mless pat5t prep>ations !re are two s]i\s objections4 ,"o is ! loss ( "t1 dur+ :i* ! pati5t may gr[ worse4 ,! o!r is t money is obta9$ "u false pret5ses2 fraud is a common elem5t 9 ! success ( pat5t rem$ies4 ,"o ( ! lea/ h>mful1 a sub/ance call$ ,mur9e may be tak5 z an example#b4 ,?is sub/ance 0 widely adv]tis$ at "o "t z a positive cure = sore eyes4 ,analysis %[$ x to be a solution ( borax1 :i* co/ ab\t five c5ts a gallon to prep>e4 ,x sold = "o doll> an ounce1 or at ! rate ( #abh4jj a gallon4 ,al?\gh x c\ld n br+ ab\t ! wond]ful cures adv]tis$1 x 0 practically h>mless1 & buy]s ( ,mur9e mu/ h be5 injur$ *iefly 9 pocket4 ,b ) canc] cures & consumption cures x is a diff]5t /ory4 ,e>ly treatm5t ( ^! diseases is ess5tial to recov]y2 delay 9 _m cases means robb+ ! suff]] ( 8 only *ance ( life4 ,no drugs are n[ kn[n t w cure ^! diseases1 & x seems incr$ible t anyone %\ld be will+ to practise su* cruel deception ^u ignorant p m]ely = ! sake ( mak+ money4 ,,adm9i/ration ,,( ,,m$ic9e4--,m$ic9es may be introduc$ into ! body 9 a numb] ( ways4 ,9 ! majority ( cases !y are swall[$ & f9ally c>ri$ to ! tissues by ! blood j z dige/$ food is c>ri$4 ,except 9 r>e em]g5cies no m$ic9e %\ld be giv5 to a sick p]son )\t ! doctor's ord]4 ,! prescrib$ dose %\ld be accurately measur$ 9 a m$ic9e glass hav+ a scale to %[ ! numb] ( teaspoonfuls4 ,:5 measur+ m$ic9e1 ?9k only ( :at y are do+2 nei!r talk nor li/5 to conv]sation4 ,fir/ read ! label on ! bottle4 ,next1 %ake ! bottle1 if ! m$ic9e is liquid1 9 ord] to mix ! cont5ts ?or\ghly4 ,!n remove ! cork ) ! second & ?ird f+]s1 & hold x betwe5 !m :ile p\r+1 ?us keep+ ! cork clean & protect+ ! cont5ts ( ! bottle4 ,hold ! m$ic9e glass on a level ) ! eyes1 & 9 ! o!r h& hold ! bottle1 ) ! side be>+ ! label upp]mo/ to avoid soil+ x2 p\r out ! dose1 measur+ exactly1 wipe ! bottle1 replace ! cork1 & aga9 read ! label on ! bottle4 ,mo/ m$ic9es %\ld be dilut$ ) a little wat]4 ,pills & capsules %\ld n be pres5t$ to pati5ts 9 ! att5dant's f+]s1 b on a sauc] or teaspoon4 ,acids & m$ic9es conta9+ iron %\ld be tak5 ?r\gh a glass tube kept = m$ic9e exclusively4 ,tubes & glasses %\ld be wa%$ at once aft] use1 & nei!r !y nor ! bottles %\ld /ay 9 ! pati5t's room4 ,if a dose is omitt$ = any reason1 d n increase ! next dose2 give ! regul> dose at ! next regul> "t4 ,s]i\s mi/akes 9 giv+ or tak+ drugs are f> too common1 & no precautions are too great to gu>d aga9/ !m4 ,nev] use m$ic9e f a box or bottle t has no label4 ,nev] take or give ano!r p]son a m$ic9e select$ 9 ! d>k1 ev5 ?\gh y h positive k t !re is no o!r bottle or box ( m$ic9e 9 ! :ole h\se2 9 j su* circum/ances ! fatal mi/akes occur4 ,a few ?+s c be done to make m$ic9es m palatable4 ,! wat] us$ to dilute ! dose & to be tak5 aft] x %\ld be v cold4 ,hold+ ! nose is helpful4 ,a piece ( crack]1 a pepp]m9t1 or a slice ( lemon or orange1 if all[$1 may be tak5 aft]w>d4 ,giv+ disagreeable m$ic9e 9 ord9>y food1 z lemon juice1 orange juice1 or milk1 & giv+ bitt] p[d]s 9 jam or jelly1 is unwise because x sometimes results 9 life long dislike = a useful article ( diet4 ,:]e food is giv5 directly aft] ! dose to take away its ta/e1 ! association ( dislike seems to be =m$ less frequ5tly4 ,! ta/e ( ca/or oil is s disgu/+ t x (t5 causes vomit+1 b if skillfully giv5 ! oil ne$ n be ta/$ by a pati5t :o is will+ to cop]ate4 ,its way ( /ick+ to ! tongue & tee? con/itutes ! *ief difficulty2 ! object !re=e is to prev5t x f /ick+ by swall[+ ! dose all at once4 ,to adm9i/] ! oil1 wet ! inside ( a m$ic9e glass or l>ge spoon ) v cold wat]1 & leave a little wat] 9 ! bottom4 ,p\r ! requir$ dose 9 sl[ly & cov] x ) m cold wat]4 ,let ! pati5t hold 9 8 h& some?+ to take away ! ta/e1--crack]1 bread1 pepp]m9t1 or :atev] is all[$2 = ca/or oil wat] is n v effectual4 ,!n direct him to hold 8 nose1 op5 8 m\?1 & hold 8 brea?2 caution him to let ! oil run d[n )\t swall[+ until all has be5 tak51 & aft]w>d to *ew ! crack]1 cont9u+ to hold 8 nose until he has swall[$ ! crack]4 ,:5 ! pati5t und]/&s & is ready1 p\r ! dose 9 quickly z f> back z possible1 tak+ c>e n to spill ! la/ drop on ! lips4 ,?is process may seem unduly tr\blesome1 b :5 ca/or oil is ne$$ x is badly ne$$ & ef=ts to make x /ay d[n are wor? :ile4 ,! foll[+ me?od also effectually disguises ! ta/e ( ca/or oil3 place 9 a glass a teaspoonful ( bak+ soda1 add ! prescrib$ dose ( oil & !n ! juice ( half a lemon4 ,mix all toge!r ?or\ghly & let ! pati5t take ! mixture :ile x is eff]vesc+4 ,?is me?od may be us$ unless ! pati5t is n all[$ soda & lemon juice4 ,ca/or oil may be b\ght 9 capsules1 b on acc\nt ( _! size _m p f9d ! capsules impossible to swall[4 ,,suppositories4--,sometimes m$ic9es are giv5 ?r\gh ! rectum4 ,= ?is purpose !y are comb9$ ) cocoa butt] or o!r mat]ial1 & made into small cones call$ suppositories4 ,!y melt at a l[ temp]ature & %\ld be kept on ice until ne$$4 ,a suppository %\ld be lubricat$ ) vasel9e1 & ins]t$ v g5tly z f> z ! f+] c be introduc$1 :ile ! pati5t is ly+ on ! back or left side4 ,,enemata4--,an injection ( a fluid into ! rectum is call$ an enema4 7,plural1 enemas1 or enemata47 ,enemas are g5]ally us$ to cause evacuation ( ! b[els4 ,= a simple purgative enema "o ( ! foll[+ is g5]ally us$3 pla9 wat]2 or a solution ( common salt 9 ! proportion ( "o teaspoonful ( salt to "o p9t ( wat]2 or soap suds made ) a :ite soap su* z ca/ile or ivory4 ,unless o!rwise ord]$ ! temp]ature ( ! enema %\ld be betwe5 #aje & #aaj ,f4 ,to give an enema1 "o %\ld proce$ z foll[s3 ,fir/ protect ! b$ by plac+ "u ! pati5t's hips a rubb] %eet1 cov]$ by a draw %eet or l>ge t[el4 ,let ! pati5t lie on ! back1 ) ! knees flex$ & head l[4 ,br+ to ! b$side a commode or b$pan1 & la/ly ! solution conta9$ 9 a f\nta9 syr+e hav+ a long rubb] tube1 /opcock & %ort h>d rubb] nozzle4 ,! bag ( ! syr+e may be hung on ! b$ po/ or else:]e1 b x %\ld n be m ?an ?ree feet at mo/ above ! pati5t's head4 ,lubricate ! nozzle ) vasel9e ei!r f a tube1 or remov$ f a j> by means ( a piece ( toilet pap]2 nev] dip ! nozzle itself into a vasel9e j>4 ,let ! solution fl[ into ! b$pan until x runs w>m & smoo?ly2 a j]ky fl[ means pres5ce ( air bubbles :i* cause pa9 if inject$ into ! b[els4 ,unless ! pati5t is able to d x h]self1 g5tly ins]t ! nozzle1 & at ! same "t />t ! fl[4 ,=ce mu/ n be us$ 9 ins]t+ ! nozzle1 & ! fl[ %\ld be g5tle2 if ! solution goes 9 rapidly ! pati5t may be unable to reta9 x4 ,if !re is a desire to expel ! enema z soon z ! injection has begun1 %ut (f ! curr5t & wait a m9ute1 mean:ile mak+ g5tle pressure ^u ! pati5t's abdom5 ) "o h&2 !n l[] ! bag a little & beg9 aga94 ,a gr[n p]son %\ld take f two to f\r p9ts1 & a *ild f "o to two p9ts4 ,aft] ! enema is f9i%$ give ! b$pan imm$iately2 ! enema w1 h[ev]1 be m effective if reta9$ a few m9utes4 ,! b$pan %\ld be giv5 & remov$ accord+ to ! directions on page #agf4 ,sometimes an enema is expell$ ) su* viol5ce t x soils ! upp] %eet2 to protect ! cov]s a rubb] %eet may be spread ov] ! pati5t's knees & legs4 ,s9ce an enema sometimes causes nausea or fa9tness1 a pati5t %\ld be wat*$ con/antly dur+ ! process4 ,to give an enema to a baby "o may use a small syr+e hav+ a s(t rubb] bulb ) a nozzle directly atta*$1 or ! ord9>y f\nta9 syr+e ) ! small1 h>d rubb] tip design$ = infants4 ,! enema %\ld be giv5 9 a w>m room free f draughts1 & ! baby mu/ be w>mly cov]$ ?r\gh\t ! process4 ,fir/ cov] ! lap ) a pad or fold$ blanket4 ,^u ! blanket place a w>m$ rubb] %eet1 & ov] ! rubb] a w>m diap]4 ,hold ! baby on y\r lap1 s t he lies on 8 back ) 8 knees drawn up4 ,hold 8 feet or legs firmly 9 y\r left h&4 ,lubricate ! nozzle ?or\ghly ) vasel9e4 ,be sure t all ! air is expell$ f ! syr+e1 & !n proce$ z already direct$4 ,a baby w take f two or ?ree ounces up to half a p9t or ev5 m1 accord+ to ! size ( ! *ild4 ,aft] ! injection is f9i%$ place a small vessel "u ! baby's hips1 & hold x until ! fluid has be5 expell$1 keep+ ! *ild well cov]$ all ! "t4 ,aft] be+ us$1 ! nozzle ( a f\nta9 syr+e %\ld be wa%$ ) soap & wat]1 boil$1 dri$ & put away 9 a clean place4 ,ins]t+ ! nozzle into ! bag ( ! syr+e imm$iately aft] )draw+ x f ! rectum is a fil?y b n uncommon practice4 ,! syr+e %\ld be kept clean inside & out2 x %\ld be wa%$ 9 hot soapsuds1 r9s$ 9 clean hot wat]1 dra9$1 & :5 ?or\ghly dry wrapp$ 9 a clean t[el or tissue pap]4 ,! ord9>y f\nta9 syr+e hang+ = mon?s by a dirty /r+ on a hook 9 ! ba? room is an unpleasant & g5]ally an unclean object4 ,,sprays ,,& ,,g>gles4--,sev]al o!r me?ods ( adm9i/]+ m$ic9es are occasionally employ$4 ,"s rem$ies may be appli$ directly to ! ?roat by g>gles1 & to ! nose & ?roat by sprays4 ,! ?roat may be cleans$ by g>gl+ ) a solution ( a teaspoonful ( bak+ soda or common salt 9 a glass ( w>m wat]4 ,nose sprays %\ld n be us$ except "u m$ical advice1 & x is well to rememb] t if ! m\? wa%es1 g>gles1 & sprays adv]tis$ to be dis9fectants 7 really /rong en\gh to kill g]ms1 !y w\ld be too h>% = common or cont9u$ use4 ,! nozzles ( nose & ?roat sprays %\ld be boil$ imm$iately aft] use4 ,a surpris+ numb] ( families :o h progress$ f> beyond common dr9k+ cups & t[els1 cont9ue to use a common nose spray )\t ev5 wa%+ ! nozzle4 ,*ildr5 :ile !y are well %\ld be taught to g>gle ! ?roat2 a *ild ) a sore ?roat & an a*+ head is 9 a poor condition to le>n any?+4 ,,inhalation or brea?+ 91 is ano!r me?od us$ to introduce drugs into ! membranes ( ! nose1 ?roat1 & lungs4 ,smell+ salts are an example ( sub/ances us$ = inhalation2 !y are us$ to /imulate p]sons :o are fa9t4 ,!y %\ld n be plac$ close to ! no/rils1 nor us$ at all :5 ! pati5t is totally unconsci\s4 ,inhalations ( /eam are (t5 us$ 9 a/hma1 cr\p1 & bron*itis4 ,special cr\p kettles are made = ! purpose1 b an ord9>y pit*] half full ( boil+ wat] may be us$ in/ead4 ,! pati5t's head %\ld be held closely ov] ! pit*]1 & a t[el %\ld be adju/$ ar\nd ! top cov]+ ! pati5t's nose & m\?1 b admitt+ j en\gh air to make x possible = him to brea!4 ,if a drug is ord]$ x %\ld be add$ to ! wat]4 ,,inunction1 or rubb+ a sub/ance into ! sk91 is sometimes ord]$ = delicate babies & *ildr54 ,aft] ! sk9 ( ! abdom5 has be5 wa%$ ) w>m soapy wat] & ?or\ghly dri$1 ! sub/ance ord]$1 g5]ally olive oil or cod liv] oil1 %\ld be appli$ by means ( a circul> movem5t ( ! palm ( ! h&4 ,! oil %\ld be w>m & ! rubb+ cont9u$ until x is absorb$4 ,o9tm5ts are also appli$ by inunction4 ,a small quantity at a "t %\ld be rubb$ 91 us+ a circul> motion4 ,if an o9tm5t is ord]$ to be appli$ :]e ! sk9 is brok51 ! o9tm5t %\ld be spread ^u gauze & appli$ )\t friction4 ,l9im5ts are rubb$ 9 9 ! same way z o9tm5ts4 ,9 _m cases rubb+ accompli%es m ?an ! o9tm5t or l9im5t itself1 s t ?is "p ( ! treatm5t mu/ n be slight$4 ,,h\sehold ,,m$ic9e ,,cupbo>d4--,9 e h\sehold a small cupbo>d is ne$$ = m$ical & surgical supplies4 ,glass %elves are desirable1 because !y %[ :5 dirty & are easily clean$1 b a wood5 cupbo>d c easily be l9$ ) clean pap] or :ite enamel clo? held 9 place ) ?umb tacks4 ,dirty1 /a9$ %elves %\ld n be tol]at$4 ,! cupbo>d %\ld be kept lock$ & ! key put well out ( ! rea* ( *ildr54 ,9 ! cupbo>d %\ld be kept m$ic9es 9 daily use2 !y %\ld n be p>ad$ on family d9n] tables4 ,poison\s drugs %\ld h r\gh glass bottles & conspicu\s labels4 ,all m$ic9e bottles %\ld be kept well cork$1 s9ce evaporation may take place & ! rema9+ solution1 by becom+ /rong]1 may be dang]\s to use 9 ! ord9>y am\nt4 ,pills & tablets sometimes det]iorate by /&+1 & may become s h>d t !y pass ?r\gh ! /oma* & inte/9es )\t dissolv+4 ,x is be/ to buy drugs & surgical supplies 9 small quantities2 :5 x is *eap] to buy m at a "t ! druggi/ %\ld be ask$ :e!r !y w det]iorate or n4 ,almo/ e family ne$s to keep on h& "s ca?>tics1 "s dis9fectants1 "s mat]ial = fir/ aid1 & a few simple appliances4 ,mo/ families h c]ta9 o!r ne$s peculi> to !mselves1 & = ^? :o live at a di/ance f drug /ores a great] quantity & v>iety may be requir$4 ,elaborate equipm5t & ext5sive supplies ( m$ic9es are nei!r economical nor necess>y = h\sehold use4 ,ca/or oil1 ,ro*elle or o!r laxative salts1 & two gra9 casc>a tablets ord9>ily con/itute a suffici5t supply ( ca?>tics4 ,! dose ( ca/or oil is "o or two teaspoonfuls = a baby up to a tablespoonful = an adult4 ,ro*elle salts & seltz] ap]i5t are giv5 dissolv$ 9 wat]2 ! ord9>y dose is f "o to f\r teaspoonfuls4 ,seidlitz p[d]s come 9 two packets1 "o :ite & "o blue4 ,! cont5ts ( ! packets %\ld fir/ be dissolv$ 9 sep>ate glasses ea* fill$ ab\t a qu>t] full ( wat]4 ,"o solution %\ld !n be p\r$ into ! o!r & ! mixture tak5 :ile x is eff]vesc+4 ,casc>a tablets are g5]ally giv5 9 "o to t5 gra9 doses4 ,a small bottle ( t9cture ( iod9e & "o ( #gj alcohol %\ld be kept = dis9fect+4 ,nei!r "o is = int]nal use4 ,! iod9e is us$ to dis9fect small w\nds & abrasions ( ! sk94 ,x is appli$ ) cotton swabs & sev]al swabs %\ld be made & kept on h& 9 a box or envelope4 ,alcohol is us$ to dis9fect !rmomet]s & o!r in/rum5ts t _c be boil$1 = rubb+1 & may also be us$ = dis9fect+ ! sk94 ,a #ij solution is sometimes us$ = rubb+2 x ne$ n be b\ght until ne$$4 ,d5atur$ & wood alcohol are poisons & %\ld be us$ 9 h\seholds only 9 _s lamps2 !y are n safe = o!r purposes4 ,fir/ aid mat]ials may include two gauze b&ages two & "o-half in*es wide & two b&ages "o in* wide1 "o ,am]ican ,r$ ,cross ,fir/ ,aid ,outfit1 a small package ( absorb5t cotton1 a roll ( old musl91 a package ( adhesive pla/] "o in* wide1 boracic o9tm5t1 picric acid gauze or o!r application = burns1 safety p9s1 & a pair ( scissors4 ,= use 9 cases ( fa9t+ or exhau/ion x is well to keep aromatic spirits ( ammonia on h&4 ,its bottle %\ld h a rubb] /opp]4 ,! dose is "o-half to "o teaspoonful1 9 a qu>t] to half a glass ( wat]4 ,hot c(fee & tea are also good /imulants1 b ! "t necess>y to prep>e !m makes x desirable to h aromatic ammonia on h&4 ,h\sehold or ord9>y ammonia mu/ n be us$ z a sub/itute4 ,olive oil1 mu/>d1 & bak+ soda may be br\ght f ! kit*5 :5 ne$$4 ,x is assum$ t vasel9e1 cold cream1 h& lotion1 talcum p[d]1 & o!r toilet prep>ations w also be available4 ,only a few appliances are necess>y4 ,among !m are a m$ic9e glass1 a teaspoon1 cl9ical !rmomet]1 hot wat] bag1 f\nta9 syr+e1 & an alcohol lamp 9 h\ses )\t gas or electric /oves4 ,x is bett] n to buy o!r appliances until !y are ne$$1 p>ticul>ly rubb] goods s9ce !y det]iorate rapidly4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,:y is x dang]\s = p]sons )\t m$ical tra9+ to prescribe m$ic9es8 ,:at is ! especial dang] ( dos+ oneself8 #b4 ,:at is meant by a habit-=m+ drug8 ,"n all y c1 & tell :y !y are peculi>ly dang]\s4 #c4 ,:at are ! special objections to pat5t m$ic9es8 #d4 ,:at precautions %\ld be tak5 9 ord] to adm9i/] m$ic9e accurately8 ,:at precautions to avoid giv+ wrong m$ic9es8 #e4 ,h[ may "s disagreeable m$ic9es be made m palatable8 #f4 ,tell h[ to prep>e & give a soapsuds enema4 #g4 ,h[ %\ld a f\nta9 syr+e be c>$ =8 a ?roat spray8 #h4 ,describe me?ods = giv+ /eam inhalations4 #i4 ,describe ! equipm5t & c>e ( a h\sehold m$ic9e cupbo>d4 #aj4 ,:at drugs is x well = a family to keep on h&8 ,:at appliances8 ,:at mat]ials = fir/ aid8 #aa4 ,h[ _m drugs 9 addition to ^? prescrib$ by a physician h y or y\r family on h& at ! pres5t "t8 ,h[ _m d y consid] really necess>y8 ,are any ( ^! m$ic9es us$ to rem$y tr\bles t might be cur$ by suffici5t att5tion to re/1 ex]cise1 diet1 & fre% air8 ,,= ,,fur!r ,,read+ ,heal? & ,disease--,rog] ,i4 ,lee1 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,h[ to ,live--,fi%] & ,fisk1 ,supplem5t>y ,notes1 ,sections ,,iv1 ,v4 ,sci5tific ,features ( ,mod]n ,m$ic9e--,fr$]ic ,s4 ,lee1 ,*apt]s ,,iii1 ,,viii4 ,! ,human ,me*anism--,h\gh & ,s$gwick1 ,*apt] ,,xx4 ,! ,conque/ ( ,n]ves--,c\rtney4 ,primitive ,psy*o!rapy & ,quack]y--,lawr5ce1 ,*apt]s ,i-,v4 ,no/rums & ,quack]y--,am]ican ,m$ical ,association4 7,see especially ,canc] ,cures & ,consumption ,cures47 ,,footnotes3 #b ,see ,no/rums & ,quack]y1 p4 #dde4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,application ,,( ,,heat1 ,,cold1 ,,& ,,c\nt]-,,irritants ,,inflammation4--,a process call$ inflammation sometimes occurs 9 tissues t h be5 injur$ or invad$ by bact]ia4 ,al?\gh pa9ful1 x is nev]!less "o ( ! rep>ative processes ( ! body1 & !re=e b5eficial4 ,common examples ( inflammation are boils1 sore ?roat1 & ! swoll51 pa9ful condition result+ f spra9s & fractures4 ,*>act]i/ic symptoms ( inflammation are heat1 r$ness1 swell+1 & pa94 ,:5 a tissue has be5 invad$ by bact]ia1 ne>by blood vessels dilate1 ?us br++ an increas$ supply ( blood to ! affect$ "p4 ,?is extra supply s]ves to wa% away ! (f5d+ sub/ance1 & at ! same "t x br+s m :ite blood corpuscles1 "o function ( :i* is to de/roy bact]ia4 ,f ! increas$ supply ( blood ! affect$ "p becomes r$ & hot1 & s mu* blood may come t ! vessels fur!r on are unable to c>ry x away fa/ en\gh4 ,"s ( ! fluid "p ( ! blood is !n =c$ out into ! tissues1 & ! "p becomes swoll54 ,di/5sion ( ! tissues & pressure on ! n]ve end+s cause pa91 & ! injur$ "p n[ exhibits ! *>act]i/ic symptoms ( inflammation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4--,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,a ,,boil4 ,?is figure repres5ts a cross-section ( normal sk94 ,note ! surface lay]1 or cuticle1 & ! true sk91 or cutis4 ,9 ! cutis "o sees t ! blood capill>ies are j wide en\gh = ! blood-cells to pass ?r\gh 9 s+le file4 ,! sk9 has j be5 prick$ by a dirty p94 ,on ! po9t ( ?is p9 7 sev]al poison\s g]ms :i* 7 deposit$ at a4 7,f ,em]son's ,ess5tials ( ,m$ic9e47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4--,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,a ,,boil 7cont9u$74 ,! poison f ^! g]ms diffuses ?r\gh ! cutis4 ,! capill>ies dilate4 ,! leucocytes =ce _! way ?r\gh ! walls ( ! capill>ies & travel t[>ds ^! g]ms4 ,note ! dumb-bell %ape ( ! leucocytes z !y pass ?r\gh ! m9ute holes 9 ! capill>y walls1 & _! pseudopods z !y travel t[>ds _! common de/9ation1 attract$ by ! poison f ! g]ms4 ,! sk9 9 ?is region is n[ swoll51 r$1 hot1 & pa9ful4 7,f ,em]son's ,ess5tials ( ,m$ic9e47 ,at ?is po9t1 if ! injury beg9s to heal or ! bact]ial infection to yield1 ! extra blood supply is gradually c>ri$ (f1 ! blood vessels resume _! normal size1 & ! tissues return to _! usual condition4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! infection does n yield s quickly1 m & m :ite blood corpuscles assemble & pass ?r\gh ! walls ( ! t9y blood vessels into ! tissues4 ,"h ! /ruggle cont9ues4 ,"s bact]ia & "s :ite blood corpuscles are kill$1 & sub/ances are =m$ :i* liquify ^! dead cells & also "s cells ( ! surr\nd+ tissues4 ,! result+ fluid is call$ pus or matt]1 & 9 ! case ( a boil we !n say x has come to a head4 ,if ! infection occurs ne> a cavity or ne> ! surface ( ! body1 ! pus may escape by break+ ?r\gh at ! po9t ( lea/ resi/ance1 & may c>ry mo/ ( ! poisons along ) x4 ,if ! pus f9ds no outlet x may be gradually absorb$ by ! blood /ream1 & heal+ may result )\t dis*>g+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! g]ms may make _! way into ! circulation1 ?us caus+ ! s]i\s condition kn[n z blood poison+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4--,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,a ,,boil 7cont9u$74 ,! migration ( leucocytes has cont9u$ until n[ !y =m a d5se mass surr\nd+ ! g]ms4 ,! poison ( ! g]ms has kill$ all ! leucocytes & also all ! cutis imm$iately ar\nd !m1 & n[ dige/ive fluids f ! dead leucocytes is turn+ ! :ole dead mass into liquid pus4 ,! boil has come to a head4 ,!re is a little lump on ! sk9 & ?r\gh its ?9 cov]+ ( cuticle c be se5 ! yell[ pus4 7,f ,em]son's ,ess5tials ( ,m$ic9e47 ,inflammation may be treat$ by means ( hot applications1 cold applications1 or c\nt]-irritants4 ,! effect ( heat is to dilate ! vessels & h5ce to increase ! fl[ ( blood to ! injur$ "p4 ,?is increas$ blood supply makes ! rep>ative process g on m vigor\sly1 & also makes x possible = ! accumulat$ fluid to be m rapidly c>ri$ away4 ,moi/ heat s(t5s ! tissues s t pus1 if =m$1 c escape m easily4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4--,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,a ,,boil 7conclud$74 ,! boil has f9ally ruptur$4 ,! liquid pus has escap$ c>ry+ ) x ! g]ms & mo/ ( _! poisons2 ! migration ( leucocytes has /opp$2 ! capill>ies are return+ to normal size & n[ new tissue w gr[ & fill up ?is hole4 7,f ,em]son's ,ess5tials ( ,m$ic9e47 ,cold acts 9 j ! opposite way4 ,x decreases ! size ( ! blood vessels s t less blood comes to cause pa9 & swell+2 at ! same "t x dim9i%es ! numb] ( :ite blood corpuscles & ! nutritive sub/ance br\ght by ! blood4 ,! nature & location ( ! infection det]m9e :e!r heat or cold is to be pref]r$4 ,c\nt]-irritants1 ( :i* mu/>d is an example1 h a complicat$ action4 ,a c\nt]-irritant affects ! blood circulation ( ! place to :i* x is appli$1 & at ! same "t x irritates ! sup]ficial n]ves1 :i* 9 turn /imulate o!r m di/ant n]ves4 ,! latt] n]ves control ! circulation 9 tissues n adjo9+ ^? to :i* ! c\nt]-irritant is appli$1 & ?us x is possible = a mu/>d pa/e1 = example1 if appli$ at "o po9t to br+ ab\t *anges 9 ! blood supply ( ano!r "p ( ! body4 ,! me*anism by :i* c\nt]-irritation is br\ght ab\t is an intricate n]v\s process call$ reflex action4 ,,hot ,,applications ,9 apply+ ei!r moi/ or dry heat ! dang] ( burn+ or scald+ a pati5t mu/ be con/antly kept 9 m9d4 ,?is dang] is always great1 b x is especially great :5 ! sk9 is t5d] l t ( babies1 *ildr51 & old p1 or :5 ! vitality is l[ z 9 cases ( *ronic or exhau/+ illness4 ,un=tunately accid5ts 9 apply+ heat are n uncommon2 a mom5t's c>elessness may cause s]i\s injury & prolong$ suff]+4 ,,dry ,,heat4--,hot wat] bags are us$ to apply dry heat4 ,!y %\ld be fill$ n m ?an two-?irds full ( hot wat]1 b ! wat] mu/ n be s hot t !re is ! slighte/ possibility ( scald+ ! pati5t if ! bag %\ld leak4 ,boil+ wat] %\ld nev] be us$4 ,be=e ! /opp] is screw$ on1 expel ! air by squeez+ ! bag or by re/+ x ^u a flat surface until ! wat] rea*es ! top4 ,aft] clos+ ! bag make sure t bo? bag & /opp] are 9 ord]1 by not+ :e!r leakage occurs :5 ! bag is inv]t$ & press$ mod]ately4 ,be=e x is plac$ ne> ! pati5t ! bag %\ld be dri$ & entirely cov]$ ) a t[el or canton flannel bag4 ,/rong bottles1 jugs1 & j>s1 if !y c be securely /opp]$1 may be us$ sometimes in/ead ( hot wat] bags4 ,! same precautions are necess>y4 ,bricks1 flat irons1 or ?ick flannel bags conta9+ salt or s& may be heat$ 9 ! ov5 & us$ 9 ! same way4 ,salt & s& reta9 heat = a long "t1 b are correspond+ly sl[ to heat2 !re=e "o bag %\ld be heat+ 9 ! ov5 :ile ! o!r is 9 use4 ,_! effect on ! sk9 mu/ be no less c>efully wat*$ ?an ! effects ( o!r hot applications4 ,hot dry flannel may be us$ )\t fe> ( burn+ a pati5t1 & x sometimes yields suffici5t w>m? to relieve pa91 p>ticul>ly abdom9al pa9 ( babies4 ,aft] x has be5 heat$ on a radiator or 9 an ov51 x %\ld be appli$ quickly & cov]$ closely ) ano!r flannel to prev5t escape ( heat4 ,dry heat c be appli$ conv5i5tly by an electric pad4 ,! "p to be heat$ may be wrapp$ 9 flannel or plac$ directly above or bel[ ! pad4 ,! pad %\ld be c>efully wat*$ to see t ! swit* is n accid5tally turn$1 z x is possible = ! pad to become hot en\gh to burn ! pati5t or to set fire to ! b$ cov]s4 ,,moi/ ,,heat4--,to apply moi/ heat p\ltices or fom5tations 7/upes7 are us$4 ,p\ltices may be made ( v>i\s heat-reta9+ sub/ances1 b flaxse$ meal is g5]ally us$4 ,! p\ltices :5 ready %\ld be appli$ )\t delay1 !re=e all prep>ations %\ld be made 9 advance4 ,to prep>e a p\ltice1 fir/ provide a piece ( gauze or ?9 old musl9 ab\t two in*es wid] ?an y wi% ! p\ltice to be :5 f9i%$1 & ab\t two in*es m ?an twice z long4 ,9 a %all[ saucepan boil wat]1 v>y+ 9 am\nt accord+ to ! size ( ! p\ltice desir$2 ab\t equal p>ts ( wat] & meal w be ne$$4 ,:5 ! wat] is boil+ briskly add ! meal gradually1 beat+ con/antly ) a spatula or knife4 ,! p\ltice is done :5 ! mixture coh]es & is ?ick en\gh to drop f ! spatula leav+ x clean4 ,quickly spread a lay] ( ! hot flaxse$ f a qu>t] to half an in* ?ick on "o-half ( ! musl91 leav+ a m>g9 on ?ree sides ( ab\t an in* 7,fig4 #be74 ,fold 9 ! m>g9s ( ! clo? 7,fig4 #bf7 & !n br+ ! o!r half ( ! clo? ov] ! flaxse$ s t ! top ( ! p\ltice is cov]$4 ,tuck ! free end ( ! upp] half ( ! clo? "u ! turn$ 9 edges ( ! long sides4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4--,turn ! edges ( ! musl9 ov] ! flaxse$ by fold+ fir/ on ! l9e ,,aa'1 & !n on ! l9es ,,bb' & ,,cc'4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4--;,fold on ! l9e ,,ee'1 br++ ,,ff' up ov] ! flaxse$ & tuck+ x "u at ,d & ,d'4 ,c>ry ! p\ltice on a hot plate1 or roll$ 9 a newspap] or hot t[el4 ,te/ x c>efully ) ! back ( ! h&1 apply x to ! sk9 gradually1 cov] x ) cotton batt+1 oil$ musl91 or sev]al ?icknesses ( flannel1 & keep x 9 place ) a b&age or t[el4 ,remove x z soon z x has become cold1 & unless ! sk9 is mu* r$d5$ apply a fre% p\ltice4 ,if ! sk9 is mu* r$d5$1 ano9t x ) vasel9e or sweet oil1 wrap x w>mly1 & apply ! next p\ltice z soon z ! appe>ance ( ! sk9 is normal4 ,/upes or hot fom5tations are clo?s1 pref]ably ( flannel or flannelette1 wrung out ( boil+ wat] & appli$ to ! sk94 ,ea* /upe %\ld be ?ree or f\r times z l>ge z ! area to be cov]$4 ,two are ne$$1 s t "o may be prep>$ be=e remov+ ! o!r4 ,to prev5t escape ( heat & moi/ure ! /upe %\ld be cov]$ aft] x has be5 appli$1 fir/ ) a piece ( rubb] clo? or oil$ silk or musl91 & next ) sev]al ?icknesses ( flannel1 or cotton batt+ made into a pad4 ,! :ole %\ld be kept 9 place ) a b&age or t[el us$ z a b9d]4 ,! doctor w tell h[ (t5 ! /upes are to be appli$1 b if ! sk9 becomes irritat$ !y mu/ be /opp$ until its appe>ance is aga9 normal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4--,,wr++ ,,/upe4 7,f ,elem5t>y ,nurs+ ,proc$ures1 ,cali=nia ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,heal?47 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 9 apply+ fom5tations4 ,!y d little good unless v hot1 b if appli$ too hot ! pati5t is likely to be scald$4 ,!y mu/ be wrung z dry z possible2 b x is difficult to wr+ !m )\t scald+ ! h&s unless /upe wr+]s are us$4 ,/upe wr+]s are heavy pieces ( clo?1 l roll] t[els or pieces ( tick+1 long en\gh to ext5d ov] opposite sides ( ! bas9 9 :i* ! /upe is to be boil$1 & wide en\gh to hold ! /upe easily4 ,! wr+] %\ld be plac$ 9 ! bas9 ) ! /upe arrang$ ^u x4 ,boil+ wat] %\ld !n be add$1 or ! wat]1 /upe1 & wr+] may be boil$ toge!r 9 ! bas94 ,aft] ! /upe is ready1 ! wr+] ) ! /upe ^u x %\ld be remov$ f ! wat] by grasp+ ! dry ends ( ! wr+]4 ,!n ! ends %\ld be twi/$ 9 opposite directions until ! /upe inside is z dry z possible4 ,wr++ is made easi] if ! wr+] has wide hems into :i* /icks su* z pieces ( broom h&les are ins]t$4 ,by twi/+ ! /icks 9 opposite directions ! /upe may be wrung out easily4 ,,cold ,,applications ,,dry ,,cold4--,cold1 l heat1 may be us$ ei!r dry or moi/4 ,bags ( rubb] or ( ,japanese pap] fill$ ) small pieces ( ice are us$ to apply dry cold4 ,:5 weight is to be avoid$1 ! bag %\ld n be completely fill$4 ,aft] ! bag has be5 fill$ & ! air has be5 expell$1 x %\ld be /opp]$ securely & wrapp$ 9 a t[el or piece ( flannel1 s9ce x is possible = an uncov]$ ice bag to freeze ! sk94 ,ice bags are easily punctur$1 & c>e %\ld be tak5 n to br+ pressure ^u !m especially :5 fill$ ) %>p pieces ( ice4 ,an ice bag n 9 use %\ld be ?or\ghly dry inside & out2 x %\ld be put away ) en\gh absorb5t cotton inside to keep ! surfaces f adh]+4 ,bags ( ,japanese pap] are less co/ly ?an rubb]1 b less durable4 ,to close !m "o %\ld roll ! top ov] & !n tie x tightly ) /r+4 ,,moi/ ,,cold4--,cold compresses = ! head are (t5 us$ = pati5ts ) fev] or heada*e2 !y sometimes quiet a pati5t :o is re/less4 ,an old h&k]*ief or piece ( s(t l95 fold$ ) ! raw edges inside may be us$ z a compress4 ,x %\ld be l>ge en\gh to cov] ! =ehead4 ,two compresses at lea/ %\ld be provid$1 & a l>ge piece ( ice 9 a bas94 ,"o compress %\ld be wrung s t x w n drip1 & !n appli$ to ! head4 ,! o!r mean:ile %\ld be plac$ on ! ice to cool4 ,z soon z ! fir/ compress becomes w>m1 ! second %\ld be appli$ 9 its place4 ,cold ,compresses = ! ,eyes4--,s(t mat]ial %\ld be select$ = eye compresses4 ,ea* "o %\ld be cut only a little l>g] ?an ! eye & %\ld fit neatly ov] x4 ,sev]al compresses %\ld be plac$ on a block ( ice :ile "o is appli$ to ! eye1 & e few m9utes ! compress %\ld be *ang$4 ,if !re is dis*>ge f ! eye1 ea* compress %\ld be us$ b once2 :5 us$1 !y %\ld be collect$ 9 a pap] & aft]w>d burn$4 ,sep>ate compresses %\ld be us$ if bo? eyes are be+ treat$4 ,def9ite directions 9 reg>d to *ang+ compresses & ! l5g? ( "t ! applications %\ld be cont9u$ are g5]ally giv5 by ! physician4 ,,c\nt]-,,irritants ,to "s ext5t all hot applications are c\nt]-irritants1 b mu/>d pa/es1 mu/>d leaves1 & ! mu/>d foot-ba? already describ$ are ! c\nt]-irritants mo/ commonly us$4 ,mu/>d ,pa/e4--,to make a mu/>d pa/e1 mix dry mu/>d ) fl\r1 us+ = adults "o "p ( mu/>d & six ( fl\r to make a weak pa/e2 increase ! proportion ( mu/>d up to equal p>ts ( mu/>d & fl\r1 accord+ to ! /r5g? requir$4 ,use a small] proportion ( mu/>d = *ildr52 "o "p ( mu/>d ) f #f to #aj p>ts ( fl\r is g5]ally en\gh4 ,add to ! mu/>d & fl\r en\gh tepid wat] to make a pa/e1 :i* mu/ be absolutely free f lumps4 ,d n use hot wat] = ?is purpose1 because x de/roys "s ( ! active prop]ties ( ! mu/>d4 ,spread ! pa/e on ?9 musl91 apply x to ! sk91 & remove x z soon z ! sk9 is r$d5$ s t its color resembles t ( a /rong sun-burn4 ,if ! sk9 is especially s5sitive1 mix a little sweet oil or vasel9e ) ! pa/e4 ,mu/>d leaves %\ld be dipp$ 9 tepid wat] & may !n be appli$ to ! sk9 directly1 b if specially s5sitive1 ! sk9 %\ld be protect$ by ?9 musl9 or gauze4 ,! leaf %\ld rema9 until ! sk9 is well r$d5$2 a few m9utes are g5]ally suffici5t4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to leave ei!r a mu/>d leaf or a pa/e 9 place long en\gh to bli/] ! sk94 ,aft] ! application has be5 remov$2 ! "p %\ld be protect$ by a s(t clo? until r$ness disappe>s4 ,vasel9e or sweet oil %\ld be appli$ to ! sk9 if x is greatly irritat$4 ,o!r c\nt]-irritants 9 common use are iod9e1 turp5t9e1 ammonia1 k]os5e1 camphorat$ oil1 capsicum vasel9e1 & v>i\s l9im5ts4 ,t9cture ( iod9e may be dilut$ ) alcohol = especially s5sitive sk9s2 x sometimes causes bli/]s1 & %\ld n be appli$ m ?an once a day at mo/4 ,ammonia & turp5t9e cause bli/]s2 !y %\ld n be us$ z c\nt]-irritants except by a doctor's ord]1 & !n only aft] exact directions h be5 obta9$4 ,turp5t9e & k]os5e are inflammable & h5ce dang]\s to use4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! action ( all c\nt]-irritants is physiologically ! same1 s t no advantage is obta9$ f ! use ( dang]\s sub/ances l k]os5e & turp5t9e4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,:at are ! causes & symptoms ( inflammation8 #b4 ,describe ! process ( inflammation4 #c4 ,:at is ! effect ( heat on an inflam$ area8 ( cold8 #d4 ,:at are ! dang]s f hot applications1 & h[ may !y be gu>d$ aga9/8 #e4 ,h[ %\ld y fill a hot wat] bag8 ,h[ %\ld y cov] x8 #f4 ,describe ! me?od ( prep>+ & apply+ a flaxse$ p\ltice4 #g4 ,tell h[ to prep>e & apply fom5tations4 #h4 ,h[ %\ld y apply cold compresses to ! head8 to ! eyes8 #i4 ,h[ %\ld y make a mu/>d pa/e = a baby six mon?s old8 = a gr[n p]son only slightly ill8 = a feeble old p]son ) a s5sitive sk98 ,,= ,,fur!r ,,read+ ,ess5tials ( ,m$ic9e--,em]son1 ,*apt] ,i4 ,! ,human ,me*anism--,h\gh & ,s$gwick1 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,c>e ,,( ,,pati5ts ,,) ,,communicable ,,diseases ,! fir/ *apt] ( ?is book describ$ ! ways 9 :i* communicable diseases are c>ri$ f p]son to p]son1 & also "s pr9ciples und]ly+ me?ods ( prev5tion4 ,?is *apt] aims to %[ h[ ^! pr9ciples apply 9 ! actual c>e ( pati5ts ^: diseases are transmissible4 ,9 ord] to apply !m intellig5tly1 x is necess>y to keep 9 m9d c]ta9 facts 9 reg>d to ! transmission ( infections4 ,a brief summ>y ( ^! facts foll[s4 ,disease g]ms are pres5t 9 ! bodies ( p]sons suff]+ f communicable disease1 b !y may also exi/ 9 ! bodies ( p]sons 9 good heal?2 if pres5t 9 ! body1 !y may leave x 9 any bodily dis*>ge4 ,:ile e k9d ( g]m does n leave ! body by all ! diff]5t r\tes1 x is nev]!less true t mo/ g]ms expell$ f ! body are c>ri$ 9 dis*>ges f ! nose1 ?roat1 bladd] or b[els4 ,g]m-lad5 dis*>ges ( an infect$ p]son may be di/ribut$ to o!r p]sons by wat]1 milk & o!r foods1 by c]ta9 insects1 by unclean h&s1 by common dr9k+ cups1 t[els1 h&k]*iefs1 & simil> articles1 & directly by nose & ?roat spray4 ,aft] !y h be5 ?us convey$ to o!r p]sons1 ! g]ms make _! entrance into ! body ( _! new victims ?r\gh ! dige/ive tract1 ?r\gh ! nose1 ?roat1 & o!r muc\s membranes1 or ?r\gh breaks 9 ! sk94 ,prev5tion ( communicable diseases1 !re=e1 dep5ds ^u ! measure ( success atta9$ 9 block+ ! transit ( g]ms f p]son to p]son2 b me?ods ( prev5tion1 ?\gh easy to und]/&1 are un=tunately sometimes difficult to c>ry out4 ,9 ord] to c>ry !m out effectively "o mu/ devote to ! problem great accuracy1 unremitt+ c>e1 consid]able intellig5ce1 & a highly develop$ consci5ce4 ,c>e ( a pati5t suff]+ f transmissible disease is adequate only :5 x accompli%es two def9ite results4 ,"o result1 :i* conc]ns ! pati5t prim>ily1 is to br+ ab\t 8 recov]y z rapidly & z surely z possible2 ! o!r result1 :i* conc]ns ! community r ?an ! individual1 is to make x impossible = ! pati5t to infect o!rs ) 8 disease4 ,9 e case ( communicable disease1 f a slight cold 9 ! head up to s]i\s cases ( pneumonia or typhoid fev]1 bo? ! pati5t & ! community mu/ be con/antly safe-gu>d$4 ,,incubation ,,p]iod4--,! int]val betwe5 ! mom5t :5 pa?og5ic g]ms ent] ! body1 & ! "t :5 symptoms fir/ appe> & ! pati5t beg9s to feel ill1 is call$ ! incubation p]iod4 ,incubation p]iods v>y accord+ to ! disease f a few h\rs to two or ?ree weeks4 ,! l5g? ( ! p]iod also v>ies some:at 9 diff]5t cases ( ! same disease4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,pati5ts ,,) ,,colds ,,or ,,o!r ,,slight ,,infections4--,! usual symptoms ( infecti\s diseases include fev]1 *ill1 sore ?roat1 nasal dis*>ge1 c\gh1 heada*e1 vomit+ & o!r dige/ive di/urbances1 & a g5]al feel+ ( be+ sick all ov]4 ,:5 "o or m ( ^! symptoms appe>1 unless !y are v slight1 a doctor %\ld be s5t =4 ,! pati5t1 :e!r *ild or gr[n p]son1 %\ld g to b$ 9 a room alone & %\ld /ay 9 b$ at lea/ z long z ! fev] & symptoms ( cold 9 ! head cont9ue1 9 ord] to protect o!rs z well z himself4 ,p]sons 9 active life1 x is true1 are n always able to g to b$ dur+ colds2 b !re is no d\bt t ultimately !y w\ld save "t by do+ s4 ,x is especially necess>y = *ildr5 to rema9 9 b$ :5 suff]+ f colds1 n only to insure _! own well-be+ b also to protect o!rs1 s9ce *ildr5 are notably c>eless 9 reg>d to c\gh+1 sneez+1 & borr[+ h&k]*iefs4 ,! pati5t ne$s m5tal re/ z well z physical1 & %\ld n be all[$ to "w 9 b$4 ,! pati5t's nose & ?roat dis*>ges %\ld be receiv$ only 9 mat]ial t c be burn$1 l old l95 or musl91 gauze1 or pap] napk9s4 ,z soon z !y are soil$ ^! h&k]*ief sub/itutes %\ld be plac$ 9 /rong pap] bags & aft]w>d burn$4 ,soil$ h&k]*iefs lurk+ "u pill[s or 9 o!r p>ts ( ! b$ may infect o!r p or re-infect ! pati5t4 ,h&k]*iefs t may n be burn$ %\ld be plac$ z soon z soil$ 9 a cov]$ receptacle fill$ ) cold wat] conta9+ a little wa%+ soda2 :5 sev]al h be5 collect$ !y %\ld be boil$ 9 ! same cov]$ receptacle = #bj m9utes4 ,aft] boil+ !y may g to ! regul> laundry4 ,! pati5t's diet at fir/ %\ld be liquid or semi-solid4 ,l>ge am\nts ( n\ri%m5t are n necess>y dur+ ! fir/ day or two1 especially if ! illness is likely to be %ort1 b wat] %\ld be tak5 z freely z possible4 ,cold dr9ks are g5]ally acceptable dur+ ! fev]i% /age1 b lemonade & o!r acids %\ld be us$ ) caution1 s9ce !y sometimes irritate a sore ?roat4 ,:5 ! active symptoms h subsid$ ! pati5t w ne$ m food ?an usual1 & a lib]al1 n\ri%+ diet = a few days w d mu* to prev5t ! weakness & depress$ vitality t (t5 foll[ colds1 tonsilitis1 & o!r comp>atively slight infections4 ,! b[els %\ld be c>efully regulat$1 & a mild ca?>tic is (t5 b5eficial at ! outset4 ,ev5 dur+ slight illness a pati5t %\ld receive ! daily c>e already describ$1 & %\ld be made z com=table z possible4 ,z 9 any illness1 spong+ & alcohol rubs are refre%+4 ,an ice bag or cold compress may relieve heada*e1 & hot applications or a cold compress on ! ?roat are (t5 soo?+4 ,! ?roat may be g>gl$ ) a solution ( "o teaspoonful ( common salt dissolv$ 9 a p9t ( boil$ wat]4 ,if ! pati5t p]spires pr(usely he %\ld be rubb$ ) a t[el until dry1 & provid$ ) fre% w>m1 night clo!s4 ,an alcohol rub may well foll[4 ,x is mo/ unwise = a pati5t :o is p]spir+ freely to get up 9 a cold room & att5d to himself4 ,common colds are f> m s]i\s ?an !y are usually suppos$ to be4 ,m p suff] f common colds ?an f any o!r s+le ailm5t4444 ,c\ld ! sum total ( suff]+1 inconv5i5ce1 sequel1 & economic loss result+ f common colds be obta9$1 x w\ld at once promote ^! infections f ! trivial into ! rank ( ! s]i\s diseases4444 ,colds are contract$ f o!r p]sons hav+ colds1 j z diph!ria is contract$ f diph!ria4 ,arctic explor]s expos$ to all ! conditions ord9>ily suppos$ to produce colds d n suff] f ^! ailm5ts until !y return to civilization & become infect$ by contact ) _! fell[m54444 ,:ile common colds are nev] fatal1 ! complications & sequel are s]i\s4 ,^! are rheumatic fev]1 pneumonia1 s9usitis1 nephritis1 & a depress$ vitality :i* favors o!r infections & ha/5s ! progress ( organic diseases4 ,common colds are p]haps mo/ contagi\s dur+ ! e>ly /ages4 ,if p]sons isolate !mselves by rema9+ 9 b$ dur+ ! fir/ ?ree days ( a cold1 !y w\ld n only b5efit !mselves1 b w\ld l>gely prev5t ! spread ( ! infection4 ,! contagi\sness & sev]ity ( colds diff] 9 diff]5t epidemics & 9 diff]5t seasons ( ! ye>1 dep5d+ ^u ! p>ticul> micro-organism involv$ & o!r factors n well und]/ood4 ,,prev5tion4--,! prev5tion ( colds consi/s1 fir/ 9 avoid+ ! infection1 &1 secondly1 9 gu>d+ aga9/ ! pr$ispos+ causes4 ,contact %\ld be avoid$ ) p]sons :o h colds1 especially 9 /reet c>s1 (fices1 & o!r poorly v5tilat$ spaces :]e ! risk ( p]sons c\gh+ or sneez+ directly 9 "o's face is imm95t4 ,contact ) ! infection may fur!r be gu>d$ aga9/ by a c>eful self-education 9 sanit>y habits & cleanl9ess1 bas$ ^u ! mod]n conception ( contact infection4 ,colds1 l o!r diseases convey$ 9 ! secretions f ! nose & m\?1 are (t5 convey$ by direct & indirect contact ?r\gh lack ( hygi5ic cleanl9ess & a disreg>d ( sanit>y habits4 ,kiss+1 ! common dr9k+ cup1 ! roll] t[el1 pipes1 toys1 p5cils1 f+]s1 food1 & o!r objects contam9at$ ) ! fre% secretions w transmit ! disease4--7,prev5tive ,m$ic9e & ,hygi5e1 ,ros5au47 ,,c>e ,,dur+ ,,m ,,s]i\s ,,infections4--,:5 a pati5t is suff]+ f s]i\s transmissible disease1 he ne$s ! mo/ skillful c>e available1 & = ! sake ( o!rs he mu/ be /rictly isolat$ or qu>ant9$4 ,by isolat+ or qu>ant9+ a pati5t is meant mak+ su* arrangem5ts t g]ms expell$ by ! pati5t are necess>ily de/roy$ be=e !y c ent] ! body ( ano!r p]son4 ,isolation1 !re=e1 includes dis9fection1 & :ile me?ods v>y accord+ to ! nature ( ! p>ticul> disease1 yet ! pr9ciples giv5 bel[ are applicable 9 mo/ cases4 ,! fir/ ess5tial is t ! pati5t %\ld h a room to himself4 ,no "o except ^? c>+ = him %\ld ent] ! sick-room = any purpose :atev]2 visitors %\ld be rigidly exclud$4 ,at ! outset all unnecess>y articles %\ld be remov$ f ! sick-room1 & x %\ld be possible to boil1 burn1 scrub1 or o!rwise ?or\ghly clean ev]y?+ all[$ to rema94 ,! w9d[s %\ld be scre5$ 9 summ]1 & flies mu/ be exclud$4 ,fre% air is especially ne$$ by pati5ts ) communicable diseases1 & v5tilation ( ! room mu/ be adequate bo? day & night4 ,f\l odors pla9ly indicate t ! pati5t or some?+ 9 ! room is n clean4 ,! rem$y is obvi\s & deodorants are q unnecess>y if ! pati5t & ! room are prop]ly c>$ =4 ,x is highly desirable to res]ve a ba? room = ! exclusive use ( ! pati5t & 8 att5dant & also to res]ve a room adjo9+ ! pati5t's room = ! exclusive use ( ! att5dant4 ,:5 x is impossible1 z x (t5 is1 to give up s mu* space1 ea* family mu/ make ! be/ arrangem5t x c to sep>ate ! pati5t & 8 att5dant f ! re/ ( ! family4 ,! att5dant mu/ rememb] t h] t5 f+]s are ! t5 mo/ active ag5ts 9 di/ribut+ ! communicable diseases4 ,aft] h&l+ ! pati5t or any?+ t ! pati5t has t\*$1 & :5ev] %e leaves ! pati5t's room1 %e mu/ scrub h] h&s ?or\ghly ) w>m wat]1 soap1 & a nail bru%4 ,%e %\ld n soil h] h&s unnecess>ily1 ev5 ?\gh %e int5ds to scrub !m lat]4 ,%e mu/ rememb] = h] own protection to keep h] h&s away f h] m\? & face1 & to cleanse !m ) special c>e j be=e eat+4 ,if dis9fection is ne$$ 9 addition to ! scrubb+1 %e mu/ use consci5ti\sly :atev] solution ! doctor ord]s4 ,at ! same "t t %e is c>+ = a pati5t ) a communicable disease1 ! att5dant ought n to c>e = *ildr5 or o!r memb]s ( ! family1 %e ought n to prep>e food1 & %e ought n to h&le di%es or ut5sils us$ by o!r p]sons4 ,e day1 h[ev]1 _m wom5 are do+ j ^! ?+s1 & x is true t 9 _m in/ances no bad results are obs]v$4 ,yet if any arrangem5t to insure safety c possibly be made1 x is inexcusable to run ! risk ( spread+ diseases :i* kill ?\s&s ( p]sons e ye> & injure _m m = life4 ,:5 home conditions r5d] adequate c>e & /rict isolation ( ! pati5t impossible1 hospital c>e %\ld be s]i\sly consid]$4 ,no p]sonal or s5tim5tal objections %\ld be all[$ to influ5ce ! decision1 if remov+ ! pati5t to a hospital is necess>y to safegu>d 8 welf>e or ! welf>e ( ! family4 ,hospital c>e %\ld be consid]$ especially = pati5ts ) typhoid fev]1 because untra9$ p]sons _c safely c>e = pati5ts s s]i\sly ill4 ,s9ce a pati5t ) typhoid ne$s skill$ c>e1 & s9ce he greatly endang]s o!r p]sons1 mo/ au?orities consid] hospital c>e ess5tial unless ! pati5t c h ! cont9u\s s]vices ( a tra9$ nurse & almo/ ideal home conditions4 ,_m cases ( typhoid1 x is true1 are successfully nurs$ at home 9 extremely adv]se conditions by visit+ nurses2 yet 9 few k9ds ( sickness is cont9u\s c>e by a graduate nurse m necess>y to protect ! community z well z to safegu>d ! pati5t himself4 ,memb]s ( a family 9 :i* !re is typhoid %\ld be immuniz$ if ! doctor advises x4 ,?is process1 :i* is p]=m$ by ! doctor1 9 ! majority ( cases r5d]s a p]son immune to typhoid fev] = ?ree or f\r ye>s4 ,! "q ( home or in/itutional c>e = p]sons ) tub]culosis mu/ also be c>efully consid]$4 ,9 "s cases tub]culosis may be c>$ = at home ) comp>ative safety1 & 9 "s o!r cases ! risk is n v great if ! pati5t is intellig5t1 c>eful1 & well sup]vis$4 ,b ev]yone %\ld face ! fact t all cases ( tub]culosis ( ! lungs involve "s risk to o!rs 9 ! family1 & mo/ cases involve great risk4 ,! dang] to *ildr5 is great] ?an to adults4 ,mo/ tub]culosis infections1 x is n[ believ$1 are acquir$ 9 *ildhood4 ,! bad results ( an infection acquir$ 9 *ildhood may n %[ !mselves = ye>s1 s9ce ! g]ms may rema9 inactive until ! p]son's resi/ance is l[]$ by "s unfavorable condition4 ,,! ,,*ildr5',s ,,diseases4--,! s-call$ *ildr5's diseases are probably ! mo/ famili> & ! lea/ reg>d$ ( all ^? belong+ to ! communicable gr\p4 ,mo/ p]sons1 x is true1 realize t sc>let fev] is s]i\s2 ev]yone %\ld also realize t measles & :oop+-c\gh are s]i\s4 ,= example1 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york dur+ ! ye> #aiaf1 m *ildr5 di$ f ea* ( ^! diseases ?an f sc>let fev]3 9 t ye> #gde1 or f\r times ! numb] t di$ ( sc>let fev]1 lo/ _! lives f :oop+-c\gh1 :ile #iac di$ ( measles4 ,if diseases t kill hundr$s ( *ildr5 e ye> are n s]i\s1 "o is at a loss to "k :at a s]i\s disease is4 ,"s p>5ts ev5 expose *ildr5 unnecess>ily to ^! infections on ! fatali/ic !ory t !y mu/ h ! diseases sometime1 & !re=e ! soon] ! bett]4 ,no?+ c\ld be m mi/ak52 ! diseases are n inevitable1 & !re is no advantage :atev] 9 hav+ !m if escape is possible4 ,moreov]1 s]i\s z ! *ildr5's diseases are 9 !mselves1 _! aft]-effects may be ev5 m s]i\s4 ,at ?is v mom5t hundr$s ( p are go+ ?r\gh life h&icapp$ by weak5$ he>ts or kidneys1 by defective sight or he>+1 m]ely because _! p>5ts consid]$ ! *ildr5's diseases necess>y4 ,! common belief t *ildr5 %\ld h ^! diseases z e>ly z possible is also errone\s1 s9ce /ati/ics %[ t ! y\ng] ! *ild ! m likely is ! disease to prove fatal4 ,e "m %\ld realize t ! *ildr5's diseases are mo/ infecti\s 9 ! e>ly /ages4 ,e>ly symptoms include fev]1 sore ?roat1 & nasal dis*>ge1 & ! tr\ble at fir/ (t5 resembles a sev]e cold4 ,dur+ ?is /age ! diseases are mo/ easily communicat$4 ,measles 9 p>ticul> is g5]ally n recogniz$ until its mo/ infecti\s /age has pass$4 ,! moral to be drawn is t sore ?roats1 c\ghs1 & colds %\ld nev] be reg>d$ lightly1 & t _! spread %\ld be prev5t$ by all possible means4 ,! accompany+ table tak5 f ! regulations ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal?1 gives symptoms ( communicable diseases among *ildr51 & rules = isolation & exclusion f s*ool4 ,,new ,,york ,,/ate ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,heal? ,,communicable ,,diseases ,,among ,,*ildr5 ,,rules ,,= ,,isolation ,,& ,,exclusion ,,f ,,s*ool ,,h]man ,m4 ,,biggs1 ,m4,d4 ,commission] ,issu$ by ! ,division ( ,public ,heal? ,education ,,disease ,,pr9cipal ,,signs ,,me?od ,,( ,,& ,,symptoms ,,infection ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,*ick5pox ,r>ely beg9s ) fev]4 ,contact ) dis*>ges ,ra% appe>s on second day f nose & ?roat ( z small pimples1 :i* 9 a pati5t4 ab\t a day become fill$ ) cle> fluid4 ,?is fluid becomes yell[ color$1 a cru/ =ms & ! scab falls (f 9 ab\t #ad days4 ,successive crops ( papules appe> until t5? day4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,diph!ria ,onset may be rapid or ,contact ) dis*>ges gradual4 ,! back ( ! f nose & ?roat1 ?roat1 tonsils1 or palate occasionally by may %[ pat*es4 ,! mo/ dr9k+ infect$ milk4 pron\nc$ symptom is sore ?roat4 ,!re may be h>dly any symptoms at all4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,measles ,beg9s l cold 9 ! ,contact ) dis*>ges head1 ) runn+ nose1 f nose & ?roat sneez+1 inflam$ & ( a pati5t4 wat]y eyes & fev]4 ,mulb]ry-t9t$ spots appe> ab\t ! ?ird day2 ra% fir/ se5 beh9d ! e>s1 on =ehead & face4 ,! ra% v>ies ) heat2 may almo/ disappe> if ! air is cold1 & come out aga91 ) w>m?4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,measles ,illness usually slight4 ,same z above4 7,,lib]ty7 ,onset sudd54 ,lymph nodes 9 back ( neck enl>g$4 ,ra% (t5 fir/ ?+ notic$2 no cold 9 head4 ,usually h fev]1 sore ?roat1 & ! eyes may be inflam$4 ,ra% sometimes resembles measles & sc>let fev]1 v>iable4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,mumps ,onset may be sudd51 ,same z above4 beg9n+ ) sickness & fev]1 & pa9 ab\t ! angle ( ! jaw4 ,! p>otid gl&s become swoll5 & t5d]4 ,op5+ ! m\? is accompani$ by pa94 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,poliomyelitis ,onset sudd51 fev]1 ,contact ) dis*>ge excitable1 pa9 on b5d+ f nose1 ?roat or neck =w>d1 pa9 on be+ b[els ( a pati5t h&l$1 heada*e1 vomit+4 or c>ri]4 ,sometimes sudd5 developm5t ( weakness ( "o or m muscle gr\ps4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,sc>let ,! onset is usually sudd51 ,dis*>ges f nose ,,fev] ) heada*e1 fev]1 sore & m\?1 suppurat+ ?roat1 & (t5 vomit+4 gl&s or e>s ( a ,usually )9 tw5ty-f\r pati5t4 h\rs ! ra% appe>s z ,milk may convey f9e1 ev5ly diffus$1 & infection4 bright r$ dots "u sk94 ,! ra% is se5 fir/ on ! neck & upp] "p ( *e/1 & la/s ?ree to t5 days1 :5 x fades & ! sk9 peels 9 scales1 flakes1 or ev5 l>ge pieces4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,smallpox ,onset sudd5 usually ) ,all dis*>ges ( a fev] & sev]e backa*e4 pati5t & p>ticles ,ab\t ?ird day ^u ( sk9 or scabs4 subsid5ce ( con/itutional symptoms r$ %ot-l pimples1 felt bel[ ! sk91 & se5 fir/ ab\t ! face & wri/s mo/ on expos$ surfaces1 develop4 ,!y =m little bli/]s & aft] two days m become fill$ ) yell[i% matt]4 ,scabs =m :i* beg9 to fall (f ab\t ! f\rte5? day4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,sore ,,?roat1 ,beg9s ) sore ?roat & ,dis*>ges f nose ,,acute1 weakness4 ,?roat diffusely & m\? ( a ,,septic r$d5$ & may %[ pati5t4 pat*es l diph!ria4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,:oop+ ,beg9s ) c\gh :i* is ,dis*>ges f nose ,,c\gh worse at night4 ,symptoms may & m\? ( a at fir/ be v mild4 pati5t4 ,*>act]i/ic :oop+ c\gh develops 9 ab\t #b weeks1 & ! spasm ( c\gh+ sometimes ends ) vomit+4 ,,exclusion ,,f ,,s*ool ---------------------------------------- ------ ,,o!r ,,*ildr5 ,,o!r ,,s*ool ,,( ,,same ,,*ildr5 ,,disease ,,h\sehold ,,especially ,,expos$ ------------------------------------- ,pati5t ,non- ,non- immunes,immunes#c immunes ,immunes#c ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,*ick5pox ,yes ,yes ,no ,yes ,no ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,diph!ria ,yes ,yes ,yes ,yes ,yes ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,measles ,yes ,yes ,no ,yes ,no ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,measles ,yes ,yes ,no ,yes ,no 7,,lib]ty7 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,mumps ,yes ,yes ,no ,yes ,no ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,poliomyelitis ,yes ,yes ,yes ,yes ,yes ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,sc>let ,yes ,yes ,yes ,yes ,yes ,,fev] ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,smallpox ,yes ,yes ,yes ,yes ,no ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,sore ,,?roat1 ,yes ,no ,no ,no ,no ,,acute1 ,,septic ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,:oop+ ,yes ,yes ,no ,yes ,no ,,c\gh ,,duration ,,( ,,exclusion ,,f ,,date ,,( ,,onset ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,pati5t ,,pati5t ,,rema9s ,,goes ,,to ,,isolat$ ,,at ,,hospital ,,home ,,disease ------------------------------------ ,,pati5t ,o!r ,o!r ,*ildr5 ,*ildr5 *ildr5 *ildr5 :o leave expos$ ( :o h\sehold at ! same rema9 at z soon z s*ool h\sehold home disease is discov]$ ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,,*ick5pox ,until all ,exclude if non-immune until ,exclude scabs are #ba/ day aft] *ild la/ f %$ & saw pati5t4 s*ool if dis9fection non-immune ( p]son2 dur+ at lea/ #aa? to #bb;d #ab days4 days aft] *ild la/ saw pati5t4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ ,,diph!ria ,until ,until two cultures at lea/ #bd pati5t is h\rs ap>t are report$ recov]$ negative4 ,^? %[+ & has two diph!ria bacilli %\ld n cultures necess>ily be immuniz$ f ?roat unless symptoms appe>4 & nose :i* conta9 no diph!ria bacilli2 cultures n to be tak5 until #i days f date ( onset4 ,dis9fection ( p]son4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ ,,measles ,until ,exclude non-immunes until ,if recov]y & #ae? day aft] *ild la/ non-immune dis9fection saw pati5t4 exclude ( p]son2 f s*ool at lea/ #g dur+ #h? days f to #ae? onset4 day aft] *ild la/ saw pati5t4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ ,,measles ,until ,exclude if non-immune until ,exclude f 7,,lib]ty7 recov]y & #bb;d day aft] *ild la/ s*ool if dis9fection saw pati5t4 non-immune ( p]son2 dur+ #aa? at lea/ #h to #bb;d days days4 aft] *ild la/ saw pati5t4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ ,,mumps ,two weeks ,exclude #ae? to #bb;d day aft] ,exclude aft] onset *ild la/ saw pati5t4 f #ae? & "o week to #bb;d day aft] aft] *ild disappe>ance la/ saw ( swell+ pati5t4 & aft] dis9fection ( p]son4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,,polio- ,until #ad days ,until #ad #ad days ,,myelitis pati5t is f "t days f "t recov]$4 *ild aft] *ild ,dis9fection la/ saw qu>ant9e la/ ( p]son at pati5t4 rais$4 saw lea/ #ba pati5t4 days4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,,sc>let ,at lea/ #cj ,sev5 days ,until ,sev5 ,,fev] days & until f "t sev5 days days f dis*>ges *ild aft] "t h ceas$ la/ saw qu>ant9e *ild & pati5t4 rais$4 la/ saw dis9fection pati5t4 ( p]son4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,,smallpox ,recov]y & ,exclude if ,exclude if ,exclude if ,exclude #bj dis9fection non-immune non-immune non-immune days unless ( p]son until #ba/ until #bj until #ba/ !y h at lea/ #ad day aft] days aft] day aft] be5 days4 *ild la/ qu>ant9e *ild la/ successfully saw pati5t1has be5 saw pati5t1vacc9at$ or #g days rais$ or or #g days )9 #a aft] #g days aft]aft] ye> 9 successful successful successful :i* vacc9ation vacc9ation vacc9ation case !y & & & may return dis9fectiondis9fectiondis9fectionat once4 ( p]son4 ( p]son4 ( p]son4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,,sore ,,?roat1,until ,,acute1 recov]y4 ,,septic ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ ,,:oop+ ,eight weeks ,f\rte5 days provid$ no c\gh ,,c\gh or until #a develops4 week aft] la/ *>act]i/ic c\gh & dis9fection ( p]son4 ,,disease ,rem>ks ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,*ick5pox ,a mild disease & seldom any aft] effects4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,diph!ria ,v dang]\s1 bo? dur+ attack & f aft] effects4 ,:5 diph!ria occurs 9 a s*ool all *ildr5 suff]+ f sore ?roat %\ld be exclud$ & ! heal? (fic] notifi$4 ,! m$ical s*ool inspector or heal? (fic] %\ld take cultures f all inflam$ ?roats & noses4 ,!re is great v>iation ( type1 & mild cases are (t5 n recogniz$1 b are z infecti\s z sev]e cases4 ,!re is frequ5tly no immunity f fur!r attacks4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,measles ,aft] effects (t5 sev]e4 ,p]iod ( greate/ risk ( infection ?ree days1 be=e & aft] ! ra% appe>s4 ,great v>iation 9 type ( disease4 ,dang]\s 9 *ildr5 "u #b ye>s ( age4 ,dur+ an outbreak all *ildr5 hav+ a temp]ature ov] #ii;,f4 %\ld be s5t home & ! heal? (fic] notifi$4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,measles ,aft] effects slight4 ,regulations /rict1 7,,lib]ty7 because frequ5tly confus$ ) sc>let fev]4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,mumps ,seldom leaves aft] effects4 ,v infecti\s4 ,inflammation ( g5ital organs ( male or female may occur4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,poliomyelitis ,disease is mo/ communicable 9 ! e>ly /ages4 ,aft] effect is p>alysis ( c]ta9 muscle gr\ps1 transitory or p]man5t4 ,dea? is due usually to p>alysis ( respiratory muscles4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,sc>let ,dang]\s bo? dur+ attack & f aft] ,,fev] effects4 ,great v>iation 9 type ( disease4 ,slight attacks are z infecti\s z sev]e ones4 ,_m mild cases n diagnos$ & _m conceal$4 ,a second attack is r>e4 ,:5 sc>let fev] occurs 9 a s*ool1 all cases ( sore ?roat %\ld be s5t home & heal? (fic] notifi$4 ,mo/ fatal 9 *ildr5 "u t5 ye>s4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,smallpox ,peculi>ly infecti\s4 ,:5 smallpox occurs 9 connection ) a s*ool or ) any ( ! *ildr5's homes all p]sons expos$ mu/ be vacc9at$ or qu>ant9$ = a p]iod ( #bj days4 ,cases ( modifi$ smallpox 9 vacc9at$ p]sons1 may be1 & (t5 are1 s slight z to escape detection4 ,fact ( exi/5ce ( disease may be conceal$4 ,mild or modifi$ smallpox is z infecti\s z sev]e type4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,sore ,,?roat1 ,(t5 leads to s]i\s results1 affections ( ,,acute1 he>t1 kidneys1 etc4 ,v apt to occur 9 ,,septic epidemics due to milk contam9at$ by a pati5t suff]+ f ! disease4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,:oop+ ,aft] effects (t5 v sev]e & disease ,,c\gh causes great debility4 ,relapses are apt to occur4 ,second attack r>e4 ,specially infecti\s = fir/ week or two4 ,if a *ild vomits aft] a p>oxysm ( c\gh+1 x is probably suff]+ f :oop+ c\gh4 ,great v>iation 9 type ( disease4 ,(t5 fatal 9 "y *ildr54 #c ,immunes are ^? :o h _h ! diseases or 9 smallpox1 :o h be5 successfully vacc9at$ )9 a ye>4 ,,dis9fection3 ,! cleans+ & dis9fection ( ! p]son includes wa%+ ! entire body & ! hair ) soap & wat]2 ?or\gh bru%+ ( ! tee?2 r9s+ ! m\?2 g>gl+ ! ?roat1 & d\*+ & spray+ ! nose ) an antiseptic solution2 & f9ally1 a complete *ange ( clo?+ 7or a *ange ( und]we> & a ?or\gh %ak+ & bru%+ ( ! out] g>m5ts out ( doors be=e ^! are put on aga974 7,fac+ p4 #bdg7 ,x may be add$ t ! ways by :i* poliomyelitis1 or infantile p>alysis1 is spread are n def9itely kn[n at ! "t ( writ+4 ,we are ju/ifi$1 h[ev]1 9 believ+ t inve/igation n[ 9 progress w make exact in=mation available 9 ! ne> future4 ,! weight ( pres5t op9ion incl9es to ! view t poliomyelitis is exclusively a human disease1 & is spread by p]sonal contact1 :atev] o!r causes may be f\nd to contribute to its spread4 ,9 p]sonal contact we mean to include all ! usual opportunities1 direct or indirect1 imm$iate or int]m$iate1 = ! transf]5ce ( body dis*>ges f p]son to p]son1 hav+ 9 m9d z a possibility t ! infection may occur ?r\gh contam9at$ food4 ,! incubation p]iod has n be5 def9itely e/abli%$ 9 human be+s4 ,! in=mation at h& indicates t x is less ?an two weeks1 & probably 9 ! great majority ( cases betwe5 #c & #h days4--7,report ( ,special ,committee on ,infantile ,p>alysis1 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,public ,heal?1 ,novemb] #aiaf47 ,,dis9fection ,specific directions = dis9fect+ 9 e k9d ( communicable disease w\ld be too ext5d$ to be giv5 "h4 ,9 ea* case ! att5dant %\ld le>n f ! doctor j h[ t p>ticul> disease is communicat$1 j :at dis*>ges1 ut5sils1 l951 etc41 ne$ to be dis9fect$1 & j :at dis9fectants he pref]s to h us$4 ,! foll[+ g5]al me?ods are n[ 9 use1 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t f "t to "t new me?ods are devis$ & new dis9fectants are discov]$4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,nose ,,& ,,?roat ,,dis*>ges4--,! c>e ( h&k]*iefs has already be5 describ$ on page #bci4 ,clo?s or cotton us$ to wipe ! eyes or to receive any o!r bodily dis*>ge includ+ vomitus1 %\ld be collect$ 9 ! same way & burn$4 ,ev]yone %\ld be taught 9 e>ly *ildhood to cov] ! nose & m\? ) a h&k]*ief dur+ c\gh+ & sneez+2 if ! pati5t has n already le>n$ to d s he mu/ be taught n[4 ,if ! am\nt ( expectoration is great1 wat]pro( receptacles %\ld be provid$1 :i* %\ld be burn$ ) _! cont5ts4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,dis*>ges ,,f ,,! ,,b[els ,,& ,,bladd]4--,at ! pres5t "t ! foll[+ prep>ations are commonly us$ to dis9fect /ools & ur9e3 #e solution ( c>bolic acid2 *loride ( lime solution1 made fre%ly :5ev] ne$$ by mix+ ?or\ghly p\nd ( *loride ( lime ) "o gallon ( wat]2 & unslak$ lime to :i* is add$ hot wat]4 ,! am\nt ( c>bolic solution us$ %\ld be ab\t equal 9 bulk to ! am\nt ( mat]ial to be dis9fect$2 ! *loride ( lime solution %\ld be at lea/ twice1 & ! unslak$ lime at lea/ "o-eigh? ! bulk4 ,fecal masses %\ld be brok5 up s t ! dis9fectant may rea* e "p2 !y may be /irr$ ) tightly twi/$ toilet pap]1 :i* %\ld be left 9 ! b$pan & dis9fect$ ) ! /ools4 ,if ^! sub/ances are us$1 dis9fection is consid]$ complete at ! end ( an h\r1 & ! cont5ts ( ! b$pan may !n be empti$ into ! toilet ) safety4 ,x may be necess>y to provide two b$pans s t "o may be available = use :ile ! cont5ts ( ! o!r is be+ dis9fect$4 ,b$pans & ur9als %\ld be boil$ daily & kept ?or\ghly clean at all times4 ,9 places hav+ no sew]age sy/em1 dis9fect$ dis*>ges may be empti$ into a tr5* situat$ at a di/ance f ! well1 & !n cov]$ ) e>?4 ,z an extra precaution1 ! dis9fect$ dis*>ges may be mix$ ) sawdu/ or k]os5e & burn$ 9 ! tr5*4 ,directions = in/all+ a sanit>y privy may be f\nd 9 ,bullet9 #fh ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,public ,heal? ,s]vice4 ,,ba? ,,wat] & wat] t has be5 us$ = cleans+ ! tee? & m\? may be dis9fect$ 9 ! same way z ur9e1 or x may be empti$ into a suitable receptacle & boil$ t5 m9utes4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,h&s4--,dis9fectants = ! h&s %\ld be us$ 9 addition to scrubb+ ) soap & wat]1 n z a sub/itute4 ,! h&s may be dis9fect$ aft] scrubb+ by soak+ !m = ?ree m9utes 9 "o ( ! foll[+ solutions3 alcohol #gj1 c>bolic acid solution #b1 or a solution made by add+ "o teaspoonful ( lysol or ( creol9 to a p9t ( wat]4 ,^! dis9fectants are poisons if tak5 int]nally2 ! bottles mu/ be c>efully label$ & kept 9 a safe place4 ,x is a good plan to we> rubb] gloves :5 h&l+ infective mat]ial2 ! gloves %\ld aft]w>d be boil$ = t5 m9utes4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,ut5sils4--,a suffici5t numb] ( di%es1 spoons1 tumbl]s1 bas9s1 etc4 mu/ be res]v$ = ! pati5t's exclusive use2 ^! ut5sils mu/ be wa%$ sep>ately & dri$ ) t[els n us$ = o!r di%es4 ,mi/akes frequ5tly occur by :i* o!r p]sons use ! pati5t's di%es1 & 9 consequ5ce 8 di%es %\ld n be kept 9 ! cupbo>d ) o!r di%es2 if no o!r safe place c be f\nd1 !y _h bett] /ay 9 ! pati5t's room cov]$ ) a clean clo? or napk94 ,! di%es %\ld be scald$ daily & at ! t]m9ation ( ! illness !y mu/ be boil$ briskly = t5 m9utes be=e !y are return$ to g5]al use4 ,food left on ! pati5t's tray %\ld be burn$2 x %\ld n be eat5 by any "o else1 nor plac$ 9 ! pantry or refrig]ator ) o!r food4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,l954--,a satisfactory way to dis9fect t[els1 night g[ns1 b$ l951 etc4 is to place ! articles imm$iately 9 a wa% boil] fill$ ) cold wat] to :i* a little wa%+ soda has be5 add$1 & !n to boil !m 9 ! same wat] = tw5ty m9utes2 !y c aft]w>d g safely into ! regul> laundry4 ,! boil+ may be done once a day2 articles soil$ 9 ! meantime may be left to soak 9 ! cold wat] & soda4 ,,dis9fection ,,( ,,! ,,p]son4--,! cleans+ & dis9fection ( ! p]son includes wa%+ ! entire body & ! hair ) soap & wat]2 ?or\gh bru%+ ( ! tee?2 r9s+ ! m\?2 g>gl+ ! ?roat1 & d\*+ & spray+ ! nose ) an antiseptic solution2 & f9ally1 a complete *ange ( clo?+ 7or a *ange ( und]we>7 & a ?or\gh %ak+ & bru%+ ( ! out] g>m5ts out-(-doors be=e ^! are put on aga94--7,new ,york ,/ate ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal?47 ,,t]m9ation ,,( ,,qu>ant9e4--,aft] ! pati5t has recov]$1 he & ! att5dant %\ld1 if ! doctor ?9ks x necess>y1 dis9fect !mselves z direct$ above be=e !y m+le aga9 ) o!r p4 ,! exact "t :5 x is safe = a p]son to come out ( qu>ant9e & resume ord9>y life v>ies 9 diff]5t diseases4 ,moreov]1 op9ion diff]s 9 reg>d to qu>ant9e p]iods = ! same diseases1 s t ! regulations ( ,bo>ds ( ,heal? 9 diff]5t cities %[ wide v>iations4 ,x is ( c\rse impossible to say at j :at mom5t e pati5t1 or ev5 ! majority ( pati5ts1 w /op expell+ g]ms4 ,qu>ant9e p]iods are int5d$ to protect ! community z completely z possible )\t caus+ unnecess>y h>d%ip to individuals4 ,9 any giv5 case1 ! local regulations %\ld be /rictly obs]v$ b release f qu>ant9e is n a gu>antee t ! pati5t is n /ill dis*>g+ g]ms1 & extreme c>e %\ld /ill be tak5 to prev5t ! spread ( saliva & o!r dis*>ges4 ,,t]m9al ,,dis9fection4--,a room t has be5 occupi$ by a pati5t ) a communicable disease %\ld be ?or\ghly clean$ at ! t]m9ation ( ! illness4 ,di%es1 ut5sils1 b$ l951 etc4 %\ld be c>$ = 9 ! ways already describ$4 ,! floor1 b$/ead1 & o!r furniture %\ld be wa%$ ) hot wat]1 soap1 & wa%+ soda4 ,! walls1 w9d[s1 etc41 %\ld be wip$ ) a clo? wrung out ( hot wat]1 soap suds1 & soda4 ,! mattress1 unless badly soil$ ) dis*>ges1 %\ld be scrubb$ ) ! same solution & a /iff bru%1 & left out-(-doors 9 ! sun%9e = a day or two1 or until dry4 ,if badly soil$1 x is be/ to de/roy ! mattress unless ! ,bo>d ( ,heal? has facilities = /eam /]ilization4 ,ord9>y wa%+ is all t is g5]ally requir$ = blankets1 b if badly soil$ !y %\ld be /]iliz$ by /eam or burn$4 ,! room %\ld !n be ?or\ghly sunn$ & air$ = a day or two1 ) ! w9d[s wide op5 bo? day & night4 ,sunn+ & air+ are among ! mo/ important measures 9 dis9fect+ a room1 & %\ld n be slight$4 ,if !re has be5 gross pollution1 z :5 a c>eless consumptive p]si/s 9 spitt+ on ! floor & walls1 x may be necess>y to remove ! old pa9t & pap] & h ! room done ov]4 ,! room may safely be occupi$ aft] all ^! measures h be5 tak54 ,,fumigation4--,_m ,bo>ds ( ,heal? h ab&on$ fumigation aft] communicable diseases1 except aft] ^? :i* l typhus & yell[ fev]1 are c>ri$ by v]m9 or insects4 ,dry =maldehyde gas1 :i* 0 =m]ly us$ = fumigation1 has a viol5t effect on muc\s membranes1 b its p[] to kill bact]ia1 ev5 on surfaces1 appe>s to be weak1 :ile its p5etrat+ p[] is n suffici5t to dis9fect b$d+1 c>pets1 uphol/]$ furniture1 & o!r fabrics4 ,s9ce fumigation is co/ly1 tr\blesome1 & ineffectual !re seems to be no good reason = us+ x4 ,moreov]1 its use gives a false s5se ( security1 s t really effective measures l sunn+1 air+1 & scrubb+ are likely to be neglect$4 ,!ory & practice ( dis9fection1 x is cle>1 h radically *ang$ 9 rec5t ye>s4 ,mod]n k requires concurr5t dis9fection1 or ! de/ruction ( g]ms f ! mom5t :5 symptoms are fir/ notic$2 all ! "t1 day & night1 ?is dis9fection mu/ g on ) unremitt+ c>e4 ,today wet %eets are n hung 9 doorways nor are *emicals left ab\t 9 op5 di%es to dis9fect q h>mless air1 b scrupul\s cleanl9ess at all /ages ( disease is recogniz$ z "o ( ! mo/ important measures1 if n ! mo/ important measure1 9 dis9fection4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,summ>ize ! ways 9 :i* infecti\s diseases are spread4 #b4 ,:at is meant by ! incubation p]iod8 ,/ate ! l5g? ( ! incubation p]iod 9 measles2 ,lib]ty measles2 :oop+-c\gh2 sc>let fev]2 *ick5-pox2 diph!ria2 mumps2 typhoid fev]4 #c4 ,"n "s ( ! e>ly symptoms common to mo/ infecti\s diseases4 ,if su* symptoms appe>1 :at %\ld be done :ile wait+ = ! doctor to come8 #d4 ,discuss ! importance1 prev5tion1 & treatm5t ( common colds4 #e4 ,:at measures %\ld be tak5 to isolate a pati5t :o is suff]+ f a communicable disease8 #f4 ,:at special c>e %\ld ! att5dant ( a pati5t ) a communicable disease give to h] own clo?+ & p]son8 #g4 ,:y are ! *ildr5's diseases m s]i\s 9 reality ?an !y are commonly suppos$ to be8 #h4 ,describe ! symptoms ( ea* ( ! foll[+3 ,measles1 sc>let fev]1 *ick5-pox1 mumps1 :oop+-c\gh1 & diph!ria4 #i4 ,h[ %\ld b[el & bladd] dis*>ges be dis9fect$8 #aj4 ,h[ %\ld di%es & o!r ut5sils be dis9fect$8 #aa4 ,h[ %\ld l95 be dis9fect$8 #ab4 ,describe measures necess>y = concurr5t dis9fection4 #ac4 ,describe measures necess>y = t]m9al dis9fection4 ,,= ,,fur!r ,,read+ ,prev5tive ,m$ic9e & ,hygi5e--,ros5au4 ,! ,new ,public ,heal?--,hill1 ,*apt]s ,,vii-,,xvii4 ,ess5tials ( ,m$ic9e--,em]son1 ,*apt]s ,,xii-,,xv4 ,heal? & ,disease--,rog] ,i4 ,lee1 ,*apt] ,x-,,xiv4 ,disease & ,its ,causes--,c\ncilman1 ,*apt]s ,v-,,ix4 ,publications ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal?1 ,albany1 entitl$3 ,! ,tea*] & ,communicable ,disease2 ,a ,me?od = ! ,control ( ,communicable ,diseases 9 ,s*ools2 ,regulations & ,in/ructions = ,cleans+ & ,dis9fection2 ,! ,conduct ( an ,isolation ,p]iod = ,communicable ,disease 9 a ,home2 ,tub]culosis2 ,typhoid ,fev]2 ,sc>let ,fev]2 ,measles2 ,:oop+-c\gh2 ,diph!ria2 ,poliomyelitis1 ,acute ,ant]ior 7,infantile ,p>alysis72 ,smallpox2 ,septic ,sore ,?roat2 ,v5]eal ,diseases4 7,any ( ! above pamphlets w be s5t ^u receipt ( a ?ree c5t /amp47 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,common ,,ailm5ts ,,& ,,em]g5cies ,?is *apt] describes a few home treatm5ts = ! relief ( slight ailm5ts & injuries1 toge!r ) "s measures t may be employ$ 9 em]g5cies4 ,= m ext5d$ in/ructions 9 ^! subjects ! /ud5t %\ld consult ! ,r$ ,cross ,text-book on ,fir/ ,aid4 ,,conditions ,,9 ,,:i* ,,! ,,n]v\s ,,sy/em ,,is ,,involv$ ,,heada*e4--,heada*e is n a disease 9 itself1 b a symptom common to _m diff]5t disord]s4 ,among ! abnormal conditions (t5 caus+ heada*es are fatigue1 eye/ra91 indige/ion1 con/ipation1 neuralgia1 rheumatism1 anmia1 acute infections1 & o!r disord]s4 ,treatm5t %\ld consi/ 9 f9d+ ! cause & remov+ x if possible2 cle>ly no "o rem$y c cure s _m diff]5t causes4 ,a physician %\ld be consult$ if heada*es are ( frequ5t occurr5ce1 b 9 _m cases re/ & att5tion to o!r hygi5ic requirem5ts are all t is ne$$4 ,dur+ an attack ( heada*e a hot foot ba? may give relief1 or a mu/>d pa/e or cold applications on ! back ( ! neck1 or an ice bag or cold compress on ! =ehead4 ,,sleeplessness1 l heada*e1 has _m possible causes1 & effective treatm5t consi/s 9 f9d+ & remov+ !m4 ,pa9 or discom=t ( any k9d1 fatigue1 ov]work1 & worry are common causes4 ,sleeplessness easily becomes a habit t may p]si/ aft] its cause has be5 remov$2 h5ce a p]son :o has =m$ ! habit ( sleeplessness %\ld pati5tly /rive to break ! old habit & to sub/itute a bett]4 ,a c>eful hygi5ic rgime is ess5tial = ! pati5t1 ex]cise 9 ! op5 air1 & cultivation ( a hopeful & tranquil _s4 ,! diet %\ld be lib]al1 b light & un/imulat+2 tea & c(fee %\ld be omitt$1 c]ta9ly dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! day4 ,! pati5t %\ld sp5d r a dull ev5+1 avoid+ excitem5t & m5tal ex]tion t is difficult1 ev5 ?\gh pleasurable4 ,he %\ld retire e>ly4 ,a hot tub or foot ba?1 & a hot dr9k at b$ "t may help to produce sleep4 ,! b$room %\ld be d>k1 cool1 & well v5tilat$1 ! b$ com=table & ! cov]s light b w>m4 ,! pati5t %\ld be told t re/ is ! mo/ important ?+ = him1 & t he %\ld n try too h>d to sleep nor worry if unsuccessful4 ,! pati5t %\ld try to bani% f 8 m9d1 at b$ "t1 ?\ghts t are di/ress+1 & ev5 ^? t are especially int]e/+4 ,by us+ pati5ce & p]si/5ce mo/ p]sons c rega9 ! p[] ( sleep+ ev5 :5 habits ( sleeplessness h be5 long e/abli%$4 ,,fa9t+ is a p>tial or total loss ( consci\sness due to a dim9i%$ supply ( blood 9 ! bra94 ,x may foll[ ble$+1 exhau/ion f heat1 fatigue f prolong$ /&+ & ! l1 or /rong emotional di/urbance1 l fe> or surprise4 ,fa9t+ is less common ?an x =m]ly 02 x n[ occurs mo/ frequ5tly among p]sons suff]+ f anmia1 he>t weakness1 or special susceptibility4 ,symptoms ( fa9t+ are pale face1 cold p]spiration1 rapid1 feeble pulse1 & %all[1 sigh+ respiration4 ,treatm5t consi/s 9 remov+ ! pati5t into cool1 fre% air1 apply+ cold wat] to ! face & keep+ ! head l[4 ,= a p]son :o feels fa9t b has n lo/ consci\sness1 ?is treatm5t w probably prove suffici5t2 if1 h[ev]1 he becomes unconsci\s1 place him s t ! head is l[] ?an ! body1 loos5 ! clo?+1 especially ! clo?+ ab\t ! neck1 apply cold wat] to ! face & *e/1 & see t fre% air is pl5tiful4 ,:5 ! pati5t is suffici5tly consci\s to swall[1 give a teaspoonful ( aromatic spirits ( ammonia 9 half a glass ( wat] & keep him quiet until he has entirely recov]$4 ,a p]son :o is unconsci\s f any cause always requires imm$iate att5tion4 ,9 em]g5cy "w elevate ! pati5t's head if 8 face is flu%$1 & keep x l[ if 8 face is pale4 ,d n try to ar\se an unconsci\s pati5t by %ak+ him & call+ to him1 9 ! fir/ place because x is useless to d s1 & 9 ! second1 because consci\sness w return spontane\sly if 8 condition improves4 ,,convulsions4--,9 e case ( convulsions a doctor is ne$$ at ! e>lie/ possible mom5t4 ,convulsions 9 adults are v s]i\s2 9 babies & small *ildr5 al?\gh s]i\s !y are less al>m+1 s9ce !y may foll[ comp>atively slight di/urbances1 p>ticul>ly di/urbances ( dige/ion4 ,treatm5t = babies & *ildr5 ) convulsions consi/s fir/ 9 keep+ ! *ild z quiet z possible1 & next 9 measures to draw blood f ! bra9 t[>d ! surface ( ! body4 ,! *ild %\ld fir/ be undress$1 mov+ him z little z possible1 & put to b$ betwe5 w>m blankets4 ,cold %\ld be appli$ to 8 head by a compress or ice bag1 & hot wat] bag %\ld be plac$ ne> 8 feet4 ,an enema %\ld !n be giv54 ,a w>m tub ba? is sometimes us$ to apply heat1 if ! convulsion has n subsid$ by ! "t ! *ild is undress$4 ,if ! ba? is giv5 ! temp]ature ( ! wat] %\ld n be above #ajf1 & %\ld be te/$ by a !rmomet]4 ,if no !rmomet] is available1 ! wat] %\ld be te/$ ) ! elb[ r ?an ! h&1 & cold wat] %\ld be add$ if x feels uncom=tably w>m4 ,!re is great dang] ( scald+ a *ild dur+ ! excitem5t inevitably caus$ by a convulsion4 ,al?\gh ha/e is ne$$ :5 a *ild has convulsions1 yet quiet is ess5tial1 s9ce ! slighte/ movem5t t5ds to increase ! convulsions or to />t !m aga94 ,z soon z ! convulsions are ov] ! *ild %\ld be remov$ f ! ba? & put to b$ betwe5 w>m blankets4 ,ev5 aft] ! symptoms h completely subsid$1 ! greate/ c>e %\ld be tak5 to keep ! *ild quiet4 ,he %\ld be h&l$ & di/urb$ z little z possible4 ,! ba? %\ld be repeat$ if convulsions beg9 aga94 ,! doctor1 :5 he comes1 w probably ord] a dose ( ca/or oil2 & !re=e1 if x is impossible to obta9 a doctor at once1 ! dose %\ld be giv54 ,,%ock 79 ! m$ical s5se ( ! ^w7 or collapse1 is a s]i\s condition 9 :i* a pati5t's vitality & all 8 bodily processes are pr(\ndly depress$4 ,g5]ally %ock occurs only aft] a sev]e injury or a long exhau/+ illness4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 "s p]sons are peculi>ly susceptible to x1 ! possibility ( %ock mu/ be kept 9 m9d 9 treat+ ev5 slight injuries4 ,! probability ( %ock is some:at increas$ if pati5ts are all[$ to see _! own w\nds4 ,injur$ p]sons %\ld always sit or lie d[n :ile w\nds1 h[ev] slight1 are dress$4 ,symptoms ( %ock are pallor1 p9*$1 anxi\s expression1 dilat$ pupils1 cold clammy sk91 feeble brea?+1 & rapid1 weak pulse4 ,! pati5t may be m5tally normal1 or irrational1 or unconsci\s1 b m frequ5tly he appe>s /upid1 & ?\gh consci\s1 he pays no att5tion to :at is go+ on4 ,un=tunately ?is condition is sometimes mi/ak5 = sleep9ess1 & he is left alone to sleep j :5 active measures are mo/ ne$$4 ,if a pati5t %[s any symptom ( %ock ! doctor %\ld be summon$ imm$iately1 b no "t %\ld be lo/ 9 beg9n+ treatm5t1 s9ce ! condition may be critical4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t panic & confusion may al>m a pati5t :o is consci\s1 & ?us increase ! %ock4 ,! pati5t %\ld be cov]$ w>mly1 & undress$ "u blankets1 )\t exposure or avoidable mov+4 ,8 head %\ld be l[1 & z quickly z possible hot wat] bags %\ld be plac$ ne> b n ^u him4 ,if ! pati5t is consci\s & able to swall[ he %\ld be giv5 hot c(fee or aromatic spirits ( ammonia1 "o teaspoonful 9 half a glass ( wat]4 ,! legs & arms %\ld be rubb$ f ! extremities t[>d ! he>t1 b c>e %\ld be tak5 to avoid t\*+ or mov+ injur$ p>ts4 ,! pati5t %\ld /ay 9 b$1 w>mly cov]$ & closely wat*$ = "s "t aft] he has app>5tly recov]$4 ,help+ a pati5t into b$ is n necess>ily ! fir/ ?+ to be done 9 e case ( sudd5 illness4 ,great h>m may be done by ! injudici\s mov+ ( injur$ p]sons1 & (t5 x is saf] to make a p]son com=table ) pill[s & blankets :]e he happ5s to be1 c]ta9ly until a suffici5t numb] ( p c be f\nd to lift him prop]ly4 ,clo?+ %\ld be remov$ c>efully1 & "o %\ld n hesitate to cut x away if undress+ is pa9ful or necessitates mu* mov+4 ,,/imulants1 9 em]g5cy "w1 are frequ5tly misus$4 ,!y %\ld n be giv5 :5 ! head has be5 injur$1 :5 ble$+ is pr(use1 or :5 ! face is r$ & ! pulse /rong4 ,nei!r %\ld attempts be made to give fluids ( any k9d to pati5ts n suffici5tly consci\s to swall[4 ,safe /imulants to use are black c(fee1 tea1 or aromatic spirits ( ammonia4 ,alcoholic liquors %\ld n be giv5 unless prescrib$ by a physician4 ,,sun/roke ,,& ,,heat ,,exhau/ion are bo? caus$ by excessive heat ei!r indoors or out1 b !y diff] bo? 9 symptoms & 9 treatm5t4 ,sun/roke or heat /roke1 usually beg9s ) acute pa9 9 ! head1 foll[$ almo/ imm$iately by loss ( consci\sness4 ,! sk9 is dry & v hot1 ! face is r$ or purple1 ! pupils are dilat$1 ! brea?+ is difficult1 ! pulse is sl[1 & ! temp]ature high4 ,treatm5t consi/s 9 s5d+ = ! doctor1 remov+ ! pati5t to a cool place1 undress+ him & apply+ cold1 especially to ! head & sp9e1 or /ill bett]1 plac+ him 9 a v cold ba?4 ,! body %\ld be rubb$ con/antly 9 ! direction ( ! he>t4 ,/imulants %\ld n be giv54 ,symptoms ( heat exhau/ion1 on ! o!r h&1 resemble ^? ( %ock4 ,! doctor %\ld be summon$1 & ! pati5t %\ld be remov$ to a cool & quiet place1 :]e he %\ld /ay w>mly cov]$ 9 a recl9+ position4 ,/imulants %\ld be giv51 hot wat] bags appli$1 & ! o!r measures = treat+ %ock %\ld be employ$4 ,,conditions ,,9 ,,:i* ,,! ,,dige/ive ,,tract ,,is ,,affect$ ,,nausea ,,& ,,vomit+ are frequ5tly caus$ by injudici\s eat+1 especially :5 a p]son is worri$ or fatigu$4 ,a doctor %\ld be consult$ if ei!r "o occurs (t51 or if vomit+ is accompani$ by pa91 pro/ration1 di>rha1 fev]1 or o!r acute symptoms4 ,a p]son :o is nauseat$ %\ld lie d[n 9 a cool1 quiet place4 ,hot fom5tations may be appli$ to ! abdom51 or a mu/>d pa/e ov] ! /oma*4 ,soda m9ts or a teaspoonful ( bak+ soda may be giv5 dissolv$ 9 hot wat]1 & unless di>rha is pres5t a ,seidlitz p[d] or o!r sal9e ca?>tic may be giv54 ,a l>ge quantity ( w>m wat] may be giv5 to wa% out ! /oma*2 x is m effectual if salt or mu/>d is add$1 9 ! proportion ( "o teaspoonful to a glass ( wat]4 ,,hicc\gh1 :i* is usually caus$ by dige/ive di/urbances1 is n s]i\s 9 heal?y p1 & c g5]ally be /opp$ by hold+ ! brea?1 or by dr9k+ wat]4 ,if ^! measures are n effectual1 salt or mu/>d 9 wat] z already describ$ or a teaspoonful ( ! syrup ( ipecac1 may be giv5 to produce vomit+4 ,if ! hicc\gh /ill cont9ues1 m$ical advice %\ld be obta9$4 ,,di>rh,a is ord9>ily caus$ by an infection1 or by an (f5d+ sub/ance 9 ! inte/9es4 ,! (f5d+ sub/ance %\ld be remov$ be=e attempts are made to *eck ! di>rha4 ,:5 a baby has di>rha f\r ?+s %\ld be done--all food %\ld be )held2 boil$ wat] %\ld be giv5 freely2 b[el movem5ts %\ld be sav$ = ! doctor to see2 & unless a doctor c be f\nd imm$iately1 ca/or oil %\ld be giv51 f "o-half to "o teaspoonful accord+ to ! age ( ! *ild4 ,simil> treatm5t %\ld be giv5 to old] *ildr54 ,adults %\ld take "o tablespoonful ( ca/or oil & dr9k boil$ wat] freely1 b !y %\ld take no food until ! doctor comes4 ,,con/ipation has be5 discuss$ on pages #aic & #eb4 ,,colic is a %>p1 int]mitt5t pa9 9 ! abdom9al region2 x is caus$ 9 _m in/ances by indige/ion or *ill+4 ,! foll[+ rem$ies may relieve x3 a hot wat] bag1 an emetic1 z salt or mu/>d 9 luke-w>m wat]1 a ,seidlitz p[d] or o!r sal9e ca?>tic1 soda m9ts1 or a teaspoonful ( syrup ( g+] 9 hot wat]4 ,unless x feels sore or t5d]1 ! abdom5 may be rubb$ up1 on ! "r side1 across1 j bel[ ! wai/1 & d[n1 on ! left side4 ,babies may be giv5 a few teaspoonfuls ( w>m wat]1 or an enema ( salt & wat]4 ,colic may be s]i\s4 ,! doctor %\ld be summon$ at once if ! pati5t seems exhau/$1 if ! pa9 is sev]e1 if pa9 is increas$ r ?an reliev$ by pressure1 if ! abdom5 feels sore1 especially on ! "r side1 or if %>p abdom9al pa9 is accompani$ by fev]1 vomit+1 & /ubborn con/ipation4 ,if ! above-m5tion$ symptoms are pres5t1 no food1 dr9k1 or m$ic9e %\ld be giv5 until ! doctor comes4 ,,conditions ,,9 ,,:i* ,,! ,,eyes ,,or ,,e>s ,,are ,,affect$ ,,/yes g5]ally accompany eye/ra9 or poor g5]al heal?4 ,! cause %\ld be f\nd & treat$2 & especial att5tion %\ld be giv5 to correct+ eye/ra91 indige/ion1 & con/ipation4 ,hot applications may be us$1 b if pus ga!rs1 ! /ye %\ld be treat$ by a physician4 ,,=eign ,,bodies ,,9 ,,! ,,eye may sometimes be remov$ by bl[+ ! nose viol5tly1 by yawn+ sev]al times1 or by draw+ ! upp] lid d[n ov] ! l[]4 ,! eye %\ld n be rubb$4 ,if x proves impossible to dislodge ! object by ^! me?ods or by o!rs simil>1 ! pati5t's eyelid %\ld be turn$ back 9 ! foll[+ way3 ,let ! pati5t sit ) 8 head back 9 a l[ *air plac$ 9 a good light1 & /& beh9d him hold+ 8 head betwe5 y\r side & upp] arm4 ,9 ?is position ! pati5t's head is held firmly :ile bo? ( ! op]ator's h&s are free4 ,next draw d[n ! l[] lid1 & remove ! object1 if visible1 on ! corn] ( a clean h&k]*ief4 ,to turn back ! upp] lid1 grasp ! eyela%es firmly1 draw ! lid d[n1 out1 & !n up ov] a mat* or p5cil plac$ across ! middle l9e ( ! lid & held 9 y\r o!r h&4 ,!n wipe ! object c>efully away if x is visible4 ,irritation t p]si/s aft] ! =eign body has be5 remov$ may be reliev$ by a cold compress cont9u$ = an h\r or m1 or by a drop or two ( ca/or oil plac$ "u ! lid4 ,if attempts to remove ! =eign body prove unsuccessful1 if ! injury is sev]e1 or if irritation cont9ues aft] sev]al h\rs1 apply a cold compress1 b&age x firmly s t ! eyeball is kept at re/1 & seek ! aid ( a physician4 ,,disord]s ,,affect+ ,,! ,,e>s4--,p]man5t deafness may result f neglect+ disord]s ( ! e>s4 ,e>-a*e1 dis*>ge f ! e>1 swell+ 9 or ab\t x1 pa9 or t5d]ness beh9d x1 all require m$ical att5tion & no "t %\ld be lo/ 9 secur+ x4 ,to relieve pa9 ! pati5t may lie ) ! e> on an ice bag1 b no?+ :atev] %\ld be put into ! e> be=e ! doctor comes1 except :5 an insect has ent]$ ! e>1 & causes acute di/ress by ! noise ( its beat+ w+s4 ,if su* an accid5t has occurr$1 ! pati5t %\ld lie on ! unaffect$ side1 & w>m sweet oil %\ld be dropp$ v g5tly into ! affect$ e> by means ( a m$ic9e dropp]4 ,! insect g5]ally dr[ns 9 ! oil & floats to ! op5+ ( ! e> canal4 ,aft] x has be5 remov$1 ! pati5t %\ld lie on ! affect$ side s t ! oil may dra9 out ( ! e>4 ,no attempts %\ld be made to remove =eign bodies f ! e> or nose1 unless !y c be rea*$ easily ) ! f+]s4 ,hair p9s1 cro*et hooks & simil> in/rum5ts %\ld nev] be us$ = ?is purpose4 ,x is be/ = a doctor to remove =eign objects because unskillful attempts are likely to move !m fur!r 94 ,,conditions ,,9 ,,:i* ,,! ,,sk9 ,,is ,,affect$ ,,prickly-,,heat1 :i* affects babies & *ildr5 m (t5 ?an adults1 is an eruption caus$ by heat & moi/ure1 & aggravat$ by flannel und]we>4 ,x may be prev5t$ by keep+ ! sk9 dry & cool1 & x may be reliev$ by ba?+ ! sk9 ) alcohol & wat]1 ab\t "o "p ( alcohol to ?ree ( wat]1 & by us+ aft] ! ba? a p[d] made ( two p>ts ( />* to "o ( boracic acid1 or any good talcum p[d]4 ,,insect ,,bites ,,& ,,/+s4--,! /+1 if /ill 9 ! w\nd1 %\ld fir/ be remov$1 & !n ammonia %\ld be appli$1 s9ce ! poison is g5]ally acid4 ,applications ( cold wat]1 alcohol & wat]1 or wet salt may relieve ! subsequ5t burn+ & it*+1 b ammonia is g5]ally mo/ effective4 ,,ivy ,,poison+ may be treat$ by apply+ clo?s wet 9 a /rong solution ( bak+ soda or ( boracic acid1 or by applications ( c>boliz$ vasel9e or i*?yol4 ,sev]e cases %\ld h m$ical att5tion4 ,scrat*+ & rubb+ seem to spread ! inflammation1 & special c>e %\ld be tak5 n to rub ! face or eyes ) infect$ h&s4 ,susceptible p %\ld avoid ! plant if possible4 ,,o!r ,,em]g5cies ,,*ills may be ! result ( infection or ( exposure to cold4 ,an e>ly diagnosis ( ! tr\ble is s desirable t x is well to s5d = a doctor ev5 :5 symptoms are n sev]e4 ,if a p]son has a *ill 8 temp]ature %\ld be tak5 at once2 fev] & *ill toge!r probably indicate invasion by bact]ia4 ,:5 *ills foll[ exposure to cold ! pati5t %\ld g to b$ betwe5 w>m blankets1 8 body %\ld be briskly rubb$1 & hot wat] bags & a hot dr9k %\ld be giv54 ,if he pref]s1 he may take a hot ba? be=e go+ to b$4 ,,cr\p is caus$ by a spasmodic closure ( ! l>ynx s t brea?+ is imp$$4 ,! *ild :o develops cr\p may h a slight cold1 b frequ5tly %[s no symptoms until he wakes 9 ! night ) a ho>se r++ c\gh & difficult brea?+4 ,true cr\p1 ?\gh (t5 di/ress+1 is seldom s]i\s1 ev5 :5 ! symptoms are s sev]e t ! *ild appe>s to be p>tly suffocat$4 ,an emetic %\ld be giv5 at once1 pref]ably syrup ( ipecac1 "o teaspoonful foll[$ by w>m wat]1 or t5 drops e #ae m9utes until ! *ild vomits freely4 ,hot fom5tations may be appli$ to ! ?roat & *e/ 9 ord] to ha/5 relaxation ( ! muscul> spasm1 & wat] %\ld be kept boil+ ne> ! b$ 9 a teakettle or uncov]$ saucepan4 ,! *ild %\ld /ay 9 a w>m room dur+ ! foll[+ day4 ,:5ev] a *ild develops a cr\py c\gh 8 ?roat %\ld be exam9$4 ,a physician %\ld be summon$ if ! ?roat is r$ & especially if ! r$ness is associat$ ) rise 9 temp]ature4 ,cases ( diph!ria h be5 ov]look$ by neglect+ su* symptoms4 ,,ble$+ ,9 ! va/ majority ( cases1 ble$+ c be /opp$ by elevat+ ! injur$ "p & apply+ pressure ov] ! w\nd4 ,"o %\ld1 h[ev]1 rememb] t loss ( blood is n ! only dang] pres5t$ by an op5 w\nd1 = pus-produc+ g]ms1 if !y make _! entrance1 may cause an infection :i* may be z s]i\s z ! ble$+ itself4 ,h5ce 9 deal+ ) op5 w\nds ( any sort "o %\ld always keep 9 m9d ! dang] ( infection z well z ! dang] f loss ( blood4 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,slight ,,w\nds4--,loss ( blood f slight w\nds is seldom s s]i\s z ! dang] ( infection2 !re=e small cuts1 p9 pricks1 scrat*es1 etc4 %\ld be enc\rag$ to ble$ by pressure ne> ! w\nd 9 ord] to expel ! g]ms t may h ent]$4 ,aft] ! w\nd has bl$ a little1 t9cture ( iod9e %\ld be appli$ by means ( a cotton swab bo? to ! w\nd itself & also to ! surr\nd+ sk94 ,aft] ! w\nd has ?us be5 dis9fect$ x %\ld be cov]$ ) a /]ile dress+2 a /]ile or aseptic dress+ is mat]ial 9 :i* all bact]ial life has be5 de/roy$4 ,gauze f a ,fir/ ,aid dress+ or f a packet ( /]ile gauze %\ld be us$ = ?is compress1 or gauze may be cut f a /]ile b&age4 ,! compress s]ves two purposes3 x protects ! w\nd f infection1 & if appli$ ) pressure x *ecks fur!r ble$+4 ,! compress %\ld be securely b&ag$ 9 place1 or its edges may be fa/5$ ) adhesive pla/] or collodion4 ,nei!r ( ! two latt] %\ld cov] ! w\nd itself4 ,! outside b&age may be *ang$ :5 soil$1 b ! compress itself %\ld n be di/urb$ until ! w\nd has heal$4 ,x is a mi/ake to dress w\nds (t5] ?an necess>y1 s9ce h&l+ !m always increases ! *ance ( introduc+ g]ms4 ,mo/ *ildr51 l ,tom ,sawy]1 delight 9 w\nds1 b !y %\ld be prev5t$ if possible bo? f inspect+ & f exhibit+ !m4 ,if heat1 swell+1 r$ness1 or pa9 develop 9 a w\nd aft] a day or two1 a doctor %\ld be consult$2 & n a m9ute %\ld be lo/ if ! pati5t has a *ill or if r$ /reaks appe> ext5d+ f ! w\nd 9 ! g5]al direction ( ! he>t4 ,until ! doctor comes ! w\nd$ "p %\ld be elevat$ & cov]$ ) cold applications wet 9 alcohol #be1 or 9 a solution ( common salt1 a teaspoonful to a p9t ( wat]4 ,sev]al po9ts %\ld be rememb]$ 9 dress+ w\nds4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! m\?1 :i* is full ( g]ms1 is n a good place = cut f+]s4 ,moreov]1 w\nds %\ld n be t\*$ by any?+1 especially ! f+]s1 ei!r wa%$ or unwa%$1 nor %\ld ! scissors1 f+]s or o!r object be all[$ to t\* ! surface ( ! dress+ t is to be plac$ directly ^u a w\nd4 ,unless !y conta9 gross dirt w\nds %\ld n be wa%$ ) wat]1 s9ce wa%+ introduces ano!r *ance ( infection & accompli%es no?+ except a tidy appe>ance1 :i* is n ess5tial4 ,fur!rmore1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t exposure to ! air w n infect a w\nd1 & !re=e "t %\ld be tak5 to f9d a suitable dress+4 ,:5 a /]ile dress+ is q impossible to obta91 ! cleane/ mat]ial available %\ld be us$2 "o ( ! be/ sub/itutes = a /]ile dress+ is ! inn] surface ( a h&k]*ief or napk9 t has n previ\sly be5 unfold$ s9ce x 0 iron$4 ,x is a common mi/ake to tie up a w\nd 9 ! fir/ article pres5t$1 :i* is usually a g5]\s by-/&]'s soil$ h&k]*ief4 ,! same precautions 9 reg>d to cleanl9ess %\ld be tak5 9 dress+ w\nds t are kn[n to be contam9at$1 s9ce ev5 into an infect$ w\nd x is possible to introduce m g]ms & m virul5t ones4 ,,noseble$ usually /ops ( itself1 b if x is ob/9ate ! pati5t %\ld sit erect ) ! head back1 & cold compresses %\ld be plac$ on ! nose & at ! back ( ! neck4 ,pressure %\ld be made on ! upp] lip by means ( ! f+]s1 or by a firm roll ( pap] or cotton plac$ "u ! upp] lip4 ,salt or v9eg> 9 wat]1 a teaspoonful ( ei!r "o to a cup ( wat]1 may be snuff$ up ! nose4 ,! treatm5t %\ld be cont9u$ = t5 or fifte5 m9utes1 or until ble$+ /ops2 if ! ble$+ p]si/s a doctor is ne$$4 ,,pr(use ,,m5/ruation %\ld be treat$ by keep+ ! pati5t quiet 9 b$ ) ! head l[ & ! feet slightly elevat$4 ,any m>k$ increase1 :e!r by am\nt1 duration1 or %ort5+ ( ! int]val betwe5 ! p]iods ought to receive att5tion & be br\ght to ! physician's notice 7,latim]74 ,pa9ful m5/ruation may be reliev$ by re/ 9 b$1 m5tal z well z physical1 by hot dr9ks & by ! application ( heat4 ,re/1 & hygi5ic liv+ p]si/5tly practis$1 w relieve mo/ m5/rual abnormalities4 ,! common practice ( us+ pat5t rem$ies & alcoholic liquors = disord]$ m5/ruation _c be too /rongly condemn$4 ,,o!r ,,injuries ,,spra9s4--,a spra9 is caus$ by twi/+1 /ret*+1 or te>+ ! tissues ab\t a jo9t4 ,! fir/ %>p pa9 comes f ! injury to ! tissues2 subsequ5t pa9 is caus$ by ! pressure ( accumulat$ fluid4 ,! o!r symptoms are ^? *>act]i/ic ( inflammation4 ,:5 a spra9 is slight1 ! affect$ "p %\ld be elevat$ & kept at re/ = ! fir/ tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,ei!r heat or cold %\ld be appli$1 or heat & cold alt]nately2 a good treatm5t is to soak ! "p 9 hot wat] & aft]w>d to all[ cold wat] to run ^u x f ! tap4 ,g5tle rubb+ ) a circul> motion helps to r$uce ! swell+4 ,if ! jo9t mu/ be us$ x %\ld be b&ag$ tightly4 ,injuries to jo9ts %\ld nev] be neglect$2 & sev]e spra9s always require m$ical att5tion1 s9ce 9 addition to ! spra9 a bone may be brok54 ,a sev]ely spra9$ jo9t %\ld be elevat$1 treat$ ) hot or cold applications1 & kept at re/ until x has be5 exam9$ by a physician4 ,,bruises4--,bruises ne$ no att5tion unless !y are ext5sive or pa9ful4 ,! sk9 %\ld be kept clean & if possible unbrok51 s9ce injur$ tissues are less resi/ant to infection ?an tissues 9 _! normal /ate4 ,applications ( cold wat] or ( equal p>ts ( cold wat] & alcohol may relieve ! pa91 b cold %\ld n be us$ ^u bruises t are ext5sive4 ,a compress b&ag$ tightly 9 place may help to prev5t swell+ & discoloration4 ,,burns ,,& ,,scalds4--,injuries f dry heat are call$ burns1 & ^? f moi/ heat are call$ scalds4 ,bo? are pa9ful1 & bo? are dang]\s if ext5sive or deep4 ,burns & scalds require m$ical att5tion if ! injur$ area is ext5sive1 if a l>ge bli/] is =m$1 if ! sk9 is de/roy$ or *>r$1 & if symptoms ( %ock appe>4 ,%ock (t5 foll[s burns or scalds ev5 :5 ! injury is comp>atively slight4 ,treatm5t ( slight burns1 :]e ! sk9 is r$d5$ b n de/roy$1 has = its ma9 object ! exclusion ( air4 ,"o ( ! foll[+ may be appli$3 dry bak+ soda1 or bak+ soda made into a pa/e ) wat]1 picric acid gauze moi/5$ 9 wat]1 boracic acid o9tm5t1 vasel9e1 sweet oil1 or ca/or oil2 if none ( ^! is obta9able1 l>d1 cream1 ! :ite ( an egg or unsalt$ butt] may be us$4 ,old musl9 or l95 b&ag$ lightly 9 place1 %\ld be us$ to cov] ! burn4 ,! same treatm5t is us$ = sunburn1 & also = small burns :]e bli/]s =m4 ,a bli/]1 if x =ms1 %\ld n be punctur$2 b if x is accid5tally brok5 ! sk9 ( ! bli/] %\ld n be remov$4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t a brok5 bli/] is an op5 w\nd1 & !re=e liable to infection4 ,,bru% ,,burn is a "n giv5 to injuries :]e ! surface ( ! sk9 has be5 remov$4 ,!y include ! scrap$ arms & legs :i* are common accid5ts 9 *ildhood4 ,9 ord] to dress a bru% burn1 p>ticles ( dirt %\ld fir/ be remov$ pref]ably by means ( =ceps t h be5 boil$1 & ! surr\nd+ sk9 %\ld !n be cleans$ ) soap & wat]4 ,! injur$ "p %\ld next be flu%$ ) /]ile salt solution1 made by boil+ wat] five m9utes & add+ to x salt 9 ! proportion ( "o teaspoonful to a p9t ( wat]4 ,if ! dirt is difficult to remove a soap compress %\ld be appli$4 ,to prep>e ! compress sev]al ?icknesses ( gauze or musl9 %\ld be boil$ 9 a /rong solution ( ca/ile or gre5 soap = t5 m9utes4 ,! compress %\ld rema9 9 place sev]al h\rs1 & may be repeat$ if necess>y4 ,aft] ! w\nd has be5 ?or\ghly cleans$1 x %\ld be dress$ ) old musl9 t has be5 saturat$ 9 ca/or oil or spread ) boracic o9tm5t4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,"n "s common causes ( heada*e & ( sleeplessness1 & outl9e rational treatm5t = ea* ( ^! disord]s4 #b4 ,describe symptoms & treatm5t ( %ock2 ( fa9t+2 ( convulsions 9 *ildr54 #c4 ,describe ! treatm5t ( all di/urbances ( ! dige/ive tract m5tion$ 9 ?is book4 #d4 ,:at %\ld be done if a =eign body has ent]$ ! eye8 if "o has ent]$ ! e>8 ,:at %\ld be done = a p]son :o has a /ye8 = a p]son ) pa9 9 or ne> ! e>8 #e4 ,h[ w\ld y treat a spra98 #f4 ,describe treatm5t = burns & scalds4 #g4 ,di/+ui% betwe5 heat /roke & heat pro/ration1 & tell :at treatm5t %\ld be giv5 9 ea* case4 #h4 ,:at are ! two pr9cipal dang]s f slight w\nds1 & h[ %\ld "o gu>d aga9/ !m8 ,%[ h[ y w\ld dress a small cut4 #i4 ,:at %\ld y d = a p]son ) nose ble$8 ,,= ,,fur!r ,,read+ ,am]ican ,national ,r$ ,cross ,text ,book on ,fir/ ,aid--,lyn*4 ,imm$iate ,c>e ( ! ,injur$--,morr[4 ,prompt ,aid to ! ,injur$--,doty4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,special ,,po9ts ,,9 ,,! ,,c>e ,,( ,,*ildr51 ,,convalesc5ts1 ,,*ronics1 ,,& ,,! ,,ag$ ,9 _m cases ( sickness in/itutional c>e has m>k$ advantages4 ,x may be ! only solution :5 adequate provision = ! sick is impossible at home2 & x is (t5 a necessity :5 a pati5t requires special equipm5t or app>atus1 exp]t nurs+1 & m$ical att5tion )9 rea* bo? day & night4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x w\ld n be desirable ev5 if x 7 possible = all sick p]sons to be c>$ = 9 in/itutions4 ,c>e at home :5 x is adequate may be m successful ?an equally skillful c>e giv5 else:]e1 s9ce ! sick q z mu* z ! well are injur$ by long sep>ation f normal family life4 ,mo/ *ildr51 because !y ne$ ! att5tion ( _! own mo!rs1 mo/ convalesc5t & *ronic pati5ts1 & mo/ ag$ p]sons are c>$ = at home2 & 9 ! great majority ( cases no bett] place = !m c\ld be f\nd4 ,s9ce pati5ts ( ^! f\r gr\ps h ne$s peculi> to !mselves1 "s special po9ts 9 c>+ = !m are consid]$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,,*ildr5 ,ability to obs]ve quickly & accurately is seldom m ne$$ ?an x is by a woman :o c>es = *ildr54 ,no "o expects babies to expla9 _! tr\bles1 b p =get t small *ildr5 are unable to describe _! physical s5sations ) any degree ( accuracy1 al?\gh discom=t or sickness may %[ itself 9 all degrees ( ill temp] & bad conduct4 ,= ^! exhibitions _m a suff]+ *ild has be5 puni%$1 :]e an old] & m articulate p]son w\ld h receiv$ consid]ate att5tion4 ,*ildr51 l babies1 h a l[ resi/ance to disease4 ,moreov]1 !y react quickly bo? to favorable & to unfavorable surr\nd+s4 ,h5ce slight causes sometimes produce pron\nc$ or ev5 viol5t symptoms 9 *ildr5 )\t giv+ cause = great anxiety1 al?\gh ! same symptoms if exhibit$ by adults1 might indicate critical illness4 ,on ! o!r h& ! recup]ative p[] ( *ildr5 is high1 & _! recov]ies are sometimes surpris+ly rapid4 ,x is a mi/ake1 :5 a *ild has completely recov]$ f an acute b brief illness1 to coddle him = weeks aft]w>d m]ely because a gr[n p]son 9 simil> circum/ances w\ld h fail$ to rega9 8 /r5g?4 ,:5 a *ild is sick 9 b$1 especial ef=ts %\ld be made to insure adequate v5tilation )\t *ill+ him4 ,*ildr5 always lose heat rapidly because ! body surface is proportionately l>ge2 :5 !y are ill1 !re=e1 x is especially necess>y to keep !m well cov]$1 to see t _! h&s & feet are w>m1 & to avoid *ill+ !m dur+ _! ba?s4 ,b ov]heat+ mu/ also be avoid$1 s9ce all *ildr51 sick or well1 :o are too w>mly dress$ or :o /ay 9 rooms t are too w>m1 become weak & irritable & m susceptible ?an o!rs to colds & o!r respiratory disord]s4 ,! *ild's sk9 %\ld be kept clean & dry1 b he %\ld n be di/urb$ nor h&l$ unnecess>ily4 ,sick *ildr5 require v simple food at %ort int]vals4 ,v>iety is n s necess>y = a *ild z = an adult1 unless ! *ild has be5 all[$ to =m bad habits ( eat+4 ,sick *ildr5 %\ld n be indulg$ unnecess>ily1 ei!r 9 reg>d to _! food or 9 o!r ways4 ,h[ev]1 attempts made dur+ an illness to *ange ! habits ( a badly tra9$ *ild are unwise because usually unsuccessful2 p>5ts :o s[ ! w9d by neglect+ to tra9 _! *ildr5 :5 !y are 9 good heal? may z well make up _! m9ds to reap a v]itable :irlw9d :5 ! *ildr5 are ill4 ,ev5 :5 *ildr5 are well tra9$ x is difficult & sometimes impossible to prev5t !m f =m+ bad habits dur+ sickness4 ,yet ! labor ( tra9+ a *ild reaps p]haps at no o!r "t a ri*] rew>d ?an x does :5 ! *ild is ill1 & 8 recov]y might be s]i\sly imp$$ by unwill+ness to accept necess>y food1 m$ic9e1 or treatm5t4 ,,physical ,,defects are faults 9 ! /ructure ( ! body2 ad5oid gr[?s1 imp]fect eyes1 abnormally curv$ sp9es1 & defective tee? are examples4 ,mo/ physical defects c be cur$ 9 *ildhood by treatm5t or by slight op]ations4 ,if untreat$ !y frequ5tly lead to sickness or to s]i\s impairm5t ( ! body1 & if neglect$ until adult life _! injuri\s consequ5ces are g5]ally beyond rem$y1 ev5 :5 ! defects !mselves c be repair$4 ,"s indications ( common physical defects are giv5 bel[2 !y ought to be m g5]ally kn[n ?an !y are4 ,if a *ild exhibits "o or m ( ! symptoms m5tion$1 he ought to be giv5 a complete physical exam9ation by a compet5t physician1 & treatm5t1 if ne$$1 %\ld beg9 )\t delay4 ,! idea t *ildr5 w outgr[ ^! defects )\t treatm5t is errone\s4 ,bett]1 h[ev]1 ?an wait+ until symptoms appe> is ! mod]n way ( giv+ e *ild a physical exam9ation at /at$ int]vals1 a practice already common 9 public s*ools :]e effective heal? "w is c>ri$ on4 ,,eye/ra9 frequ5tly comes f imp]fections 9 ! %ape ( ! eye2 ^! imp]fections c almo/ always be correct$ by glasses4 ,:5 a *ild is suff]+ f eye/ra91 ! eyes !mselves may %[ indications ( tr\ble2 !y may be blood-%ot1 ! lids may it* or be cru/$ or inflam$1 or /yes may appe>4 ,9 o!r cases ! symptoms ( eye/ra9 h no app>5t connection ) ! eyes2 su* symptoms are heada*e1 nausea1 vomit+1 indige/ion1 fatigue1 irritability1 poor s*ol>%ip1 & n]v\s exhau/ion4 ,if a *ild %[s any ( ^! symptoms1 or if he rubs 8 eyes1 fr[ns1 squ9ts1 wr9kles 8 =ehead1 sits b5t ov] 8 book1 or develops r\nd %\ld]s1 !re is suffici5t reason = hav+ 8 eyes exam9$ by an oculi/4 ,exam9ation by an optician %\ld n be consid]$ suffici5t4 ,,enl>g$ ,,tonsils ,,& ,,ad5oids4--,! tonsils are masses ( spongy tissue situat$ at ! back ( ! m\?1 on ei!r side ( ! op5+ into ! ?roat4 ,if enl>g$ !y may s]i\sly int]f]e ) brea?+1 & if diseas$ !y frequ5tly h>bor ! g]ms caus+ _m acute infections1 z well z g]ms ( rheumatism & mo/ ( ! he>t disease orig9at+ 9 e>ly life4 ,!re=e ! tonsils ought to be remov$ if !y are diseas$ or greatly enl>g$1 b !re is ord9>ily no good reason = remov+ normal tonsils4 ,ad5oids are situat$ at ! back ( ! nose1 & l ! tonsils are compos$ ( spongy tissue4 ,ad5oids sometimes become s enl>g$ t !y int]f]e ) ! passage ( air ?r\gh ! nose1 ?us pr$ispos+ to cat>rh1 colds1 & o!r respiratory diseases1 to high palate ) irregul> tee?1 to inflammation ( ! middle e> lead+ to deafness1 to dim9i%$ m5tal activity1 & to g5]al poor heal?4 ,if a *ild brea!s ?r\gh 8 m\?1 if he snores at night1 keeps 8 m\? op5 & has a dull1 apa!tic expression1 8 nose & ?roat %\ld be exam9$1 & if advisable 8 tonsils & ad5oids %\ld be remov$4 ,,defective ,,he>+4--,p]man5t deafness among *ildr5 9 ! great majority ( cases comes f tr\ble 9 ! ?roat or nose2 h5ce ! mo/ effective measure to prev5t deafness is to make sure t e *ild's nose1 ?roat1 & m\? are 9 a normal condition4 ,s5sitive or timid *ildr5 try to hide infirmities ( any k9d1 b deaf *ildr5 seem peculi>ly unable to expla9 _! difficulties4 ,no "o1 says ,cornell1 has ev] record$ t a small *ild compla9$ ( inability to he>4 ,a *ild's e>s %\ld be exam9$ if he brea!s ?r\gh 8 m\?1 if he /oops habitually1 if he is p]si/5tly inatt5tive1 or if he is vague or /upid 9 c>ry+ out directions4 ,a *ild :o appe>s normal at times & inatt5tive or /upid at o!r times %\ld also be exam9$1 s9ce he may be deaf 9 "o e>4 ,tempor>y deafness may come f accumulat$ wax 9 ! e>4 ,! wax %\ld be remov$ by a doctor2 inexp]t attempts are likely to cause s]i\s injury to ! e> drum4 ,int]mitt5t deafness may be caus$ by enl>g$ tonsils & ad5oids4 ,*ildr5 ?us affect$ are n infrequ5tly puni%$ = seem+ disob$i5ce4 ,su* *ildr5 are especially liable to /reet accid5ts4 ,,defective ,,tee? h be5 consid]$ on page #dd4 ,,po/ure4--,9 *ildhood ! bones are s(t & yield ) comp>ative ease to cont9u$ /ra9s2 h5ce !y (t5 become de=m$ by bad positions assum$ 9 sitt+1 /&+1 or 9 us+ ! body 9 o!r ways4 ,! po/ures habitually assum$ by a *ild %\ld be notic$ & good po/ures %\ld be insi/$ ^u4 ,b x is n en\gh to admoni% him4 ,! v>i\s causes t5d+ to enc\rage bad positions %\ld be correct$2 among !m are insuffici5t illum9ation ( books & "w1 defective eyesight or he>+1 ob/ructions 9 brea?+1 muscul> weakness1 & l[ g5]al vitality4 ,*ildr5 %\ld h _! *airs & tables suit$ to _! size = _! "w bo? at home & 9 s*ool4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4--;,,incorrect ,,sitt+ ,,po/ures4 7,f ,cornell1 ,heal? & ,m$ical ,inspection ( ,s*ool ,*ildr54 ,f4 ,a4 ,davis ,co41 ,philadelphia47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4--;,,incorrect ,,sitt+ ,,po/ures4 7,f ,cornell1 ,heal? & ,m$ical ,inspection ( ,s*ool ,*ildr54 ,f4 ,a4 ,davis ,co41 ,philadelphia47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4--;,,incorrect ,,sitt+ ,,po/ures4 7,f ,cornell1 ,heal? & ,m$ical ,inspection ( ,s*ool ,*ildr54 ,f4 ,a4 ,davis ,co41 ,philadelphia47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4--;,,incorrect ,,& ,,correct ,,/&+ ,,po/ures4 7,f ,cornell1 ,heal? & ,m$ical ,inspection ( ,s*ool ,*ildr51 ,f4 ,a4 ,davis ,co41 ,philadelphia47 ,! adju/able *airs & desks n[ us$ 9 s*ools are a m>k$ improvem5t ^u ! s*ool furniture :i* has caus$ s _m de=mities 9 ! pa/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4--,,r\nd ,,%\ld]s4 7,gold?wait1 f ,pyle's ,p]sonal ,hygi5e47 ,"o ( ! s]i\s de=mities caus$ by habitual faulty po/ure is curvature ( ! sp9e4 ,a curvature n only injures a *ild's appe>ance & ?us h&icaps him 9 lat] life1 b x br+s /ra9s & pressure ^u ! organs ( ! *e/ & abdom5 :i* may s]i\sly impair 8 heal?4 ,z curvatures (t5 pass unnotic$ 9 _! e>ly /ages1 e *ild %\ld be inspect$ occasionally :5 all 8 clo?+ has be5 remov$1 to see :e!r ! weight is borne ev5ly on bo? feet1 :e!r ! developm5t ( ! two sides is uni=m1 & :e!r ! head & %\ld]s are prop]ly c>ri$4 ,x %\ld be notic$ :5 ! *ild /&s1 :e!r "o %\ld] is high] ?an ! o!r1 :e!r "o %\ld] blade projects m ?an ! o!r1 :e!r "o hip is high] ?an ! o!r1 & :e!r "o h& is l[] ?an ! o!r :5 ! arms are hang+ at ! sides4 ,! *ild %\ld walk bo? t[>d & away f ! obs]v]1 :o %\ld notice :e!r ! *ild uses ! two sides ( 8 body 9 ! same way1 & :e!r he drags or %uffles 8 feet or has o!r abnormalities ( gait4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4--,,lat]al ,,curvature4 7,f ,bancr(t's ,po/ure ( ,s*ool ,*ildr54 ,! ,macmillan ,co41 ,new ,york47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4--,,w+ ,,%\ld] ,,blades ,,9 ,,=w>d ,,%\ld]s4 7,f ,bancr(t's ,po/ure ( ,s*ool ,*ildr54 ,! ,macmillan ,co41 ,new ,york47 ,if abnormalities are f\nd1 a physician %\ld be consult$4 ,(t5 corrective ex]cises are all t is ne$$1 & no "o %\ld put braces ( any k9d ^u a *ild unless !y h be5 prescrib$ by a physician4 ,no attempt %\ld be made to correct ! common t5d5cy ( *ildr5 to toe 9 or walk pigeon-to$4 ,toe+-9 is a natural mann] ( walk+ dur+ ! =mative p]iod & t5ds to /r5g!n ! ar* ( ! foot1 :ile toe+-out t5ds to weak5 ! ar* & to cause flat foot or brok5 ar*es4 ,,pr$isposition ,,to ,,n]v\sness4--,h]$ity plays an important rle 9 ! pr$isposition to n]v\sness1 s t *ildr5 ( n]v\s p>5ts are p>ticul>ly likely to %[ n]v\s in/ability4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 difficult to say 9 a giv5 case h[ mu* ( 8 n]v\sness a *ild inh]its & h[ mu* he acquires by imitat+ ! irritability1 ! out-breaks ( temp]1 & ! o!r evid5ces ( imp]fect emotional control display$ by 8 n]v\sly dispos$ p>5ts4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ev5 *ildr5 ( n]v\s pr$isposition sometimes ov]come _! defects to "s ext5t by imitat+ p>5ts :o h acquir$ self-control4 ,*ildr5 pr$ispos$ to n]v\sness %\ld be wat*$ ) special c>e1 b !y %\ld n be all[$ to realize t !y are ! objects ( unusual solicitude4 ,!y ne$ ! mo/ favorable surr\nd+s t c be obta9$1 & _! g5]al heal? %\ld be ma9ta9$ at ! highe/ possible level4 ,any condition t l[]s vitality t5ds to increase _! tr\bles2 n]v\sness may be caus$ among *ildr5 ( good inh]itance1 & increas$ among o!rs1 by poor nutrition1 lack ( ex]cise & play out-(-doors1 fatigue1 loss ( sleep1 eye/ra91 ad5oid gr[?s1 & ! poisons ( infecti\s diseases4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( _m n]v\s *ildr5 t !y are too easily /imulat$2 !y may be excitable1 re/less1 unnaturally quick 9 mov+1 ov]-s5sitive to pa9 & discom=t1 easily fatigu$1 irritable 9 temp]1 & unable to control ! emotions4 ,!y frequ5tly make involunt>y motions l grimac+ & w9k+ ! eyes4 ,*ildr5 ( l[ n]v\s tone1 h[ev]1 are n necess>ily excitable4 ,a n]v\s *ild may be muscul>ly weak1 awkw>d 9 gait1 li/less1 dull1 clumsy1 =getful1 & inatt5tive4 ,su* *ildr5 (t5 suff] f cold h&s & feet & f pr(use p]spiration4 ,mu* c be done = ^! un=tunate *ildr5 by remov+ ! cause ( _! tr\bles if possible1 by giv+ !m simple & :olesome surr\nd+s1 by suit+ _! occupations to _! /r5g?1 by elim9at+ m5tal /ra91 p>ticul>ly dur+ ! adolesc5t p]iod1 & by tra9+ !m to control _! m9ds z well z _! bodies4 ,9 addition to ! h>d5+ ( ! body1 ! education ( ! *ild %\ld include measures :i* increase ! resi/ance ( ! *ild aga9/ pa9 & discom=ts ( v>i\s sorts4 ,e *ild1 !re=e1 %\ld und]go a gradual process ( 'psy*ic h>d5+' & be taught to be> ) equanimity ! pa9 & discom=t to :i* ev]yone soon] or lat] _c help b be expos$4 ,:at ,i h said ab\t clo?+1 cold ba?s1 walk+ 9 all wea!r & at all temp]atures1 play & ex]cise 9 ! op5 air1 has a be>+ on ?is po9t1 = a *ild :o has =m$ good habits 9 ^! v>i\s directions w h le>n$ _m lessons 9 ! /eel+ ( 8 m9d to be> pa9 & to ignore small discom=ts4--7,b>k]3 ,pr9ciples ( ,m5tal ,hygi5e ,appli$ to ! ,managem5t ( ,*ildr5 ,pr$ispos$ to ,n]v\sness47 ,,convalesc5t ,,pati5ts ,aft] s]i\s or prolong$ illness ! vitality is g5]ally l[ & all bodily processes are likely to be depress$4 ,dur+ convalesc5ce1 !re=e1 ! dige/ion is feeble1 ! muscles are weak s t fatigue foll[s slight ex]tion1 & ! sluggi% condition ( ! circulation r5d]s ! pati5t especially s5sitive to cold4 ,s9ce ! n]v\s sy/em also becomes depress$ & irritable1 a convalesc5t pati5t is easily excit$1 easily disc\rag$1 & quickly fatigu$ by m5tal ef=t4 ,he f9ds ! simple/ decisions h>d to make1 & 8 emotions difficult to control2 inde$1 _m a pati5t :o has borne acute pa9 ) unfl9*+ c\rage becomes peevi% at ?is /age1 weeps easily1 & expects m expression ( sympa?y ?an is good = him4 ,"s p]sons naturally make quick recov]ies1 :ile o!rs recup]ate sl[ly4 ,a long & t$i\s convalesc5ce1 x %\ld be rememb]$1 is ! pati5t's mis=tune r ?an 8 fault4 ,9 re/or+ a convalesc5t pati5t to normal liv+ x is imp]ative to proce$ sl[ly4 ,food %\ld be increas$ gradually bo? 9 v>iety & 9 am\nt2 b ! pati5t's appetite is n always a safe guide1 & x may ne$ to be enc\rag$ or to be re/ra9$4 ,bo? m5tal & physical ex]tion %\ld beg9 only "u c>eful sup]vision1 & %\ld increase by sl[ degrees4 ,! pati5t %\ld sleep z mu* z possible1 %\ld take long int]vals ( re/1 & %\ld cont9ue no occupation to ! po9t ( fatigue4 ,a pati5t :o has be5 ill 9 a hospital or :o has _h at home ! exclusive s]vices ( a nurse or an att5dant1 (t5 f9ds ! p]iod foll[+ 8 return or foll[+ ! nurse's dep>ture an exce$+ly difficult transition4 ,! family %\ld n expect or all[ him to resume too _m duties at a "t :5 ! m]e acts ( ba?+ & dress+ may dem& all ! /r5g? he has4 ,_m convalesc5ts are oblig$1 or ?9k !y are oblig$1 to take up regul> "w aga9 be=e _! /r5g? is fully re/or$4 ,!re is g5]ally no economy 9 s do+2 inde$1 "t is sav$ 9 ! end by wait+ until recov]y is complete be=e und]tak+ full "w4 ,important z x is to build up ! pati5t's physical /r5g?1 x is h>dly less important to direct 8 ?\ghts away f himself & 8 sickness1 & to help him r5ew 8 int]e/ 9 normal liv+4 ,dur+ 8 illness he has ( necessity reli$ ^u ! judgm5t & support ( o!r p]sons1 & 8 pa9 & discom=t h =c$ him to ?9k con/antly ( himself & 8 _m ne$s4 ,! habit ( sickness is readily brok5 by "s p]sons1 p>ticul>ly by ^? ^: n]v\s exhau/ion has n be5 great & ^: int]e/s outside !mselves are naturally ke54 ,b ! sick po9t ( view has rem>kable t5acity1 & o!r pati5ts1 unless circum/ances or delib]ate ef=ts r$irect _! ?\ghts1 w look ^u !mselves z invalids to ! end ( "t4 ,hopefulness promotes heal?1 :ile disc\ragem5t1 appreh5sion1 & unhapp9ess l[] ! tone ( ! :ole sy/em4 ,h5ce set backs1 failures1 delays1 & relapses %\ld n be dwelt ^u1 b signs ( progress %\ld be m5tion$2 judici\sly h[ev]1 s9ce ov]done attempts to *e] a pati5t seldom fail to h ! opposite effect4 ,if objects or situations t sugge/ undesirable ?\ghts are elim9at$1 ! less (t5 ^? ?\ghts t5d to recur4 ,!re=e1 9 ord] to break ! habit ( sickness1 old ?\ghts mu/ be gradually bani%$ & new ones mu/ be sub/itut$4 ,sick-room appliances %\ld be put out ( sight z soon z !y are no long] ne$$1 & ! pati5t may pr(it by mov+ into a diff]5t b$ room4 ,a few days sp5t away f home z soon z 8 /r5g? p]mits (t5 prove effective 9 break+ up sickness associations2 ! pati5t is g5]ally enc\rag$ :5 he f9ds t he c sleep 9 a diff]5t b$1 endure "s fatigue1 & exi/ )\t daily visits f ! doctor4 ,ev5 a day sp5t at a diff]5t h\se 9 ! same t[n sometimes directs ! pati5t's ?\ghts into fre% *annels4 ,gradually1 b z quickly z safety all[s1 he %\ld take 8 place 9 ! normal family life & cease to be treat$ z an exception4 ,m]ely elim9at+ associations ) sickness1 h[ev]1 is n en\gh2 & exhort+ a pati5t to =get himself & to become int]e/$ 9 some?+ seldom accompli%es any?+1 especially if he is s deplet$ by illness t ! ?\ght ( ev]yday activities sugge/s only we>9ess & pa94 ,a p]son s weak t he is ?or\ghly fatigu$ by dress+ himself %\ld n be expect$ to view ) en?usiasm ! prospect ( a full day's "w4 ,mu*1 h[ev]1 may be accompli%$ by provid+ some?+ t ! pati5t really likes to d1 & delib]ate ef=ts mu/ be made to /imulate 8 int]e/ 9 "s occupation1 h[ev] simple x may be4 ,occupations = invalids are m ?an a means to pass away ! "t2 !y are also ( di/9ct curative value4 ,! pati5t's int]e/ is n always easy to ar\se1 & "s +5uity may be ne$$ 9 ! beg9n+2 sometimes int]e/ is be/ ar\s$ by work+ at "s h&icraft 9 8 pres5ce1 & f9ally (f]+1 z a favor1 to tea* him to d x also4 ,8 int]e/ 9 any occupation is inv>iably increas$ if a well p]son n only directs b %>es 9 ! "w4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to select occupations suit$ to ! pati5t's physical condition1 to 8 age1 ta/es1 & m5tal developm5t4 ,two or ?ree occupations are bett] ?an "o1 s t he may *ange f "o to ano!r be=e any "o becomes t$i\s4 ,"w requir+ f9e motions1 close att5tion1 or conc5trat$ ?\ght %\ld be us$ = %ort p]iods1 only1 & no "w %\ld be cont9u$ to ! po9t ( fatigue4 ,! pati5t %\ld n be all[$ to feel t he mu/ f9i% a c]ta9 am\nt 9 a c]ta9 "t4 ,ev5 poor "w is bett] ?an none1 & a pati5t %\ld always be enc\rag$ by judici\s praise4 ,games & puzzles are useful to "s ext5t1 b an aimless occupation is n s b5eficial z "o :i* has a tangible product1 p>ticul>ly a product t is useful z well z beautiful4 ,occupations frequ5tly possible = invalids & convalesc5ts include knitt+1 cro*et+1 _m k9ds ( ne$le "w1 clay model+1 basketry1 /5cil+1 weav+1 book-b9d+1 metal "w1 & photography4 ,manuals are n[ available giv+ directions = ^! & _m o!r h&icrafts4 ,sick *ildr5 (t5 enjoy collect+ /amps1 po/ m>ks1 & o!r objects1 mak+ scrap books1 sew+1 weav+1 knitt+1 pap] fold+1 & v>i\s o!r k9d]g>t5 occupations4 ,,*ronic ,,pati5ts ,! :ole field ( c>+ = ! sick (f]s n[h]e great] opportunity = f9e & f9i%$ "w ?an x (f]s 9 ! case ( *ronic invalids4 ,x is an a*ievem5t ( :i* an arti/ might be pr\d to make a *ronic pati5t com=table 9 body1 happy 9 m9d1 & agreeable to o!rs4 ,moreov]1 s9ce success c nev] be atta9$ by "o :o we>ies 9 well do+1 ! c>e giv5 to a *ronic invalid te/s n only ! att5dant's skill b also h] moral & spiritual quality4 ,c>e ( a *ronic pati5t has = its aims ma9ta9+ ! pati5t's heal?1 r5d]+ him z happy & com=table 9 m9d & body z x is possible = him to be1 & provid+ :atev] special treatm5t & att5tion 8 case requires4 ,9 ord] to ma9ta9 8 heal? con/ant att5tion mu/ be giv5 to diet1 to hygi5e ( ! sick room1 & inde$ to all 8 surr\nd+s4 ,9 _m *ronic illnesses1 su* z rheumatism & kidney disease1 ! diet is prescrib$ by ! doctor2 9 e case c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! pati5t is n ov]f$ or und]f$1 t ! food is suit$ to 8 dige/ive p[]s1 t foods caus+ flatul5ce are elim9at$1 p>ticul>ly if ! pati5t's tr\ble is he>t disease1 & n ! lea/ important requirem5t1 t he d]ive z mu* pleasure f 8 food z possible4 ,! regul> daily c>e ( ! pati5t & ( 8 room1 already describ$ 9 ?is book1 %\ld be scrupul\sly c>ri$ out1 & no less scrupul\sly dur+ ! t5? ye> ?an x 0 dur+ ! t5? day4 ,cleanl9ess 9 e detail is absolutely ess5tial to ! pati5t's welf>e2 no "o is m unpleasant ei!r to himself or to o!rs ?an a *ronic pati5t :o is neglect$4 ,pati5ts :o are con/antly 9 b$1 x %\ld be rememb]$1 & p>alyz$ pati5ts 9 p>ticul>1 are peculi>ly susceptible to pressure sores4 ,if a pati5t is able1 x is extremely important = him to sit up 9 a *air "p ( ! day4 ,sitt+ up %\ld nev] be omitt$ because x involves ! exp5diture ( "t & tr\ble = ! att5dant4 ,x is (t5 said t = mo/ p "s p]sonal exp]i5ce ( sickness is b5eficial2 x c safely be said1 h[ev]1 t no "o b5efits f sp5d+ any consid]able portion ( 8 life 9 a /ate ( helplessness & suff]+4 ,behavior & "* itself are det]m9$ by influ5ces con/antly com+ into ! m9d f daily surr\nd+s & associations ) o!r p3 "o :o recalls ?is fact ne$s only a mom5t's reflection to realize h[ ill adapt$ to heal?y developm5t ( m9d & "* are ! limit$ lives ( ! sick4 ,especially un=tunate is ! situation ( *ronic invalids1 %ut (f z !y are f ! objective int]e/s & activities ( normal life1 depriv$ ( all practice 9 mak+ ! salut>y small adju/m5ts & sacrifices requir$ 9 e day liv+ ) o!r p1 & self-c5t]$ z !y necess>ily t5d to become f ! inevitable focus+ ( att5tion ^u _! own discom=ts & pa94 ,on ! :ole1 a surpris+ly l>ge numb] ( invalids successfully resi/ ! dis9tegrat+ effects ( sickness ^u "*4 ,b x is nev]!less true1 z ,dr4 ,weir ,mit*ell says1 t ,sickness ennobles a few b debases _m4 ,a selfi% invalid has m ?an once de/roy$ ! happ9ess ( an entire family1 or spoil$ ! life ( "o memb] ( x by monopoliz+ h] :ole "t & att5tion4 ,families %\ld rememb] t _! injudici\s sacrifices seldom br+ endur+ happ9ess or cont5tm5t to ! pati5t himself2 inde$1 9 ! long run su* sacrifices g5]ally injure him ev5 m ?an !y injure 8 victims4 ,cle>ly mu* mu/ & %\ld be sacrific$ by memb]s ( a family to ! ne$s ( an invalid2 b 9 g5]al x may be said t a sacrifice is injudici\s if x relieves ! pati5t ( activity or responsibility t he c support )\t injury1 if x makes him m dep5d5t 9 m9d or body1 if x results 9 re/rict+ 8 att5tion to himself & 8 affairs1 or if x increases 8 t5d5cy to make dem&s on o!rs4 ,purposeful activity ( "s sort & ! necessity = contribut+ to ! welf>e ( o!rs are ess5tial p>ts ( a :olesome life4 ,if ^! ess5tials are entirely elim9at$ f ! life ( an invalid1 ! pati5t's greate/ ne$s are probably left unsatisfi$1 ev5 ?\gh ! physical c>e he receives may be p]fect 9 e detail4 ,all t 0 said 9 reg>d to occupations = invalids applies ) p>ticul> =ce to occupations = *ronic pati5ts1 s9ce h[ev] valuable manual occupations may be z a means to br+ ab\t recov]y1 !y are /ill m valuable 9 furni%+ int]e/ & purpose 9 a life ^: only prospect is a succession ( we>y1 useless ye>s4 ,h&icapp$ pati5ts sometimes le>n occupations t yield a f9ancial return1 & ability to e>n ev5 a little /imulates self respect & m5tal heal?1 :e!r ! money is ne$$ or n4 ,! important po9t1 h[ev]1 is t ! f9i%$ product %\ld h a recogniz$ use4 ,9 addition to enabl+ ! pati5t to make ?+s ) 8 h&s1 a way %\ld be f\nd if possible by :i* he may contribute to ! gr\p ( p ) :om he lives4 ,if a way c be discov]$ = him to d s1 ! opportunity %\ld n be d5i$ him nor %\ld 8 s]vice fail to be not$ & appreciat$1 ev5 if x is no?+ m ?an tell+ a /ory to a re/less *ild4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,ag$ ,at ! end ( life1 z at its beg9n+1 e individual especially ne$s ! int]e/ & protection ( 8 own family4 ,9 ord9>y circum/ances nei!r a baby nor an ag$ p]son c be c>$ = s fitt+ly or s successfully 9 any o!r place z he c be 9 8 own home4 ,) advanc+ ye>s is to be expect$ a g5]al sl[+ d[n ( all ! p[]s4 ,9 old age bo? body & m9d %[ *>act]i/ic *anges1 & p>ticul>ly *anges caus+ l[]$ resi/ance & dim9i%$ vigor4 ,if ! mann] ( liv+ is adapt$ to ^! *anges1 bo? happ9ess & usefulness may be prolong$4 ,b s gradually d ! *anges (t5 come t !y may escape notice = a long "t1 & ! y\ng] g5]ation 9 look+ back sometimes realizes ) regret h[ mu* e>li] measures might h be5 tak5 to prolong ! usefulness & to mitigate ! discom=ts ( ag$ p>5ts & fri5ds4 ,old p are ke5ly s5sitive to cold1 s9ce ! circulation gradually becomes less vigor\s & !y take little ex]cise4 ,keep+ !m w>m bo? 9 b$ & out adds m p]haps to _! com=t ?an any o!r "o measure4 ,!y %\ld h w>m und]clo?+ & s(t %awls & o!r extra wraps4 ,a real s]vice w be r5d]$ by ! p]son :o inv5ts a suitable & dignifi$ wrap = old or feeble m51 :o dislike ! in=mality ( sweat]s & feel disgrac$ by %awls4 ,old p]sons %\ld & c be kept w>m 9 b$1 by provid+ !m ) hot wat] bags1 ) w>m night clo!s includ+ /ock+s1 by us+ wooll5 or out+ flannel %eets if necess>y1 & by provid+ a suffici5t numb] ( light b w>m b$ cov]s4 ,x is n always und]/ood t _m cov]s d n rem$y ! defici5cies ( a ?9 mattress4 ,if a ?ick mattress or two ?9 mattresses _c be provid$1 a ?ick com=t] or ev5 _m lay]s ( newspap] %\ld be plac$ betwe5 ! mattress & ! spr+s1 & ano!r ?ick com=t] %\ld be plac$ betwe5 ! mattress & ! l[] %eet4 ,rubb+ ! body ) w>m olive oil (t5 af=ds great com=t1 by improv+ ! circulation & ?us increas+ ! s5sation ( w>m?1 & also by reliev+ ! t5d5cy ( ! sk9 to become dry & crack$4 ,poor circulation at night may cause cramps 9 ! muscles ( ! legs2 ! cramps c usually be reliev$ by w>m? & g5tle rubb+4 ,old p frequ5tly wi% _! rooms to be v hot1 bo? by day & by night1 ev5 z hot z #hj or #he1 b if x is possible to keep !m w>m 9 any o!r way ! temp]ature ( ! room %\ld be kept at #gj4 ,well v5tilat$ rooms are highly important = old p z = all o!rs ( l[ resi/ance1 & x is entirely possible = _! rooms to be w>m & yet well v5tilat$4 ,ag$ p]sons %\ld be c>efully gu>d$ f *ill1 exposure1 cr[ds1 & infect$ p]sons4 ,l little *ildr5 !y are peculi>ly susceptible to ! respiratory diseases1 :i* cause _m ( ! dea?s commonly attribut$ to old age4 ,dige/ion usually becomes weak] ?an 9 e>li] ye>s1 & less food is ne$$4 ,x %\ld be simple1 hot1 & divid$ into f\r or five meals r ?an ?ree4 ,old p (t5 wake at an e>ly h\r1 & hot n\ri%m5t w prev5t !m f gr[+ weak & fa9t :ile wait+ = ! family breakfa/4 ,bo? con/ipation & loos5ess ( ! b[els are common ailm5ts 9 old age4 ,s f> z possible ! b[els %\ld be regulat$ by means ( diet2 b muscul> weakness result+ 9 inability to control ! b[els %\ld n be mi/ak5 = & treat$ z di>rha4 ,x is unwise = old p to und]take unaccu/om$ or sudd5 muscul> ex]tion1 s9ce ! muscul> sy/em includ+ ! he>t muscle gr[s weak & is g5]ally unable to endure great /ra94 ,! bones1 moreov]1 gr[ brittle & heal ) difficulty if brok51 s t p]sons ( advanc$ ye>s no matt] h[ active %\ld avoid walk+ on icy pavem5ts1 climb+ on *airs to rea* high %elves1 & plac+ !mselves 9 o!r insecure positions4 ,assi/ance mu/ be tactfully giv51 h[ev]1 z active old p are incl9$ to res5t x4 ,on ! o!r h&1 old p %\ld be enc\rag$ to cont9ue mod]ate & safe activities1 & to take regul> ex]cises suit$ to _! /r5g?4 ,al?\gh increas+ muscul> weakness t5ds to make mo/ old p indol5t1 x is f> bett] = !m bo? 9 m9d & 9 body to rema9 z active z !y c )\t dang] ( too great fatigue4 ,at all ev5ts1 !y %\ld be prev5t$ if possible f becom+ b$ridd54 ,s9ce 9 old age sight1 he>+1 & o!r special s5ses become less acute1 "o %\ld rememb] t an old p]son may n notice ! odor ( escap+ gas1 ! light ( a sm\ld]+ mat*1 or ! s\nd ( an approa*+ motor c>1 & t he mu/ be specially gu>d$ f su* dang]s ( e day life4 ,on acc\nt ( _! dull$ p]ceptions old p are sometimes unju/ly consid]$ to be less intellig5t ?an !y really are4 ,"y p moreov] %\ld be told1 if an ag$ p]son is untidy & c>eless 9 p]sonal habits1 t ! app>5t neglig5ce is caus$ by dull$ p]ceptions & dim9i%$ muscul> control = :i* old p are no m responsible ?an !y are = fail+ eyesight or = inability to he>4 ,families %\ld also realize t *anges 9 m9d & "* are beyond an ag$ p]son's control & t !y %\ld n be made ! cause = remon/rance or argu+4 ,j z ! art]ies h>d5 ) advanc+ ye>s1 z ! bones become brittle & z o!r tissues become less flexible1 s *anges are likely to occur 9 ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,x is n surpris+ :5 ! bra9 sub/ance l o!r tissues is becom+ less flexible1 t ! p[]s ( att5tion %\ld weak51 t memory = rec5t ev5ts %\ld dim9i%1 or t o!r m5tal p[]s %\ld fail4 ,*anges 9 disposition are n uncommon3 previ\sly controll$ p]sons sometimes become qu]ul\s & exact+1 :ile excitable & irritable p]sons become m placid4 ,) mo/ old p emotions become less int5se2 feeble old p h>dly realize great joy or great sorr[1 & seldom look =w>d to dea? ) appreh5sion4 ,among ! mo/ important *anges t occur 9 ! n]v\s sy/em is its gradual loss 9 p[] to respond to new dem&s4 ,new habits are difficult or impossible to =m1 & old habits are h>d to break4 ,attempts to break ! habits ( a life "t are !re=e dang]\s1 & radical *anges 9 old p's ways ( liv+ are att5d$ by risk z well z by unhapp9ess4 ,su* loss ( adaptability 9 ! n]v\s sy/em makes x increas+ly difficult = old p to assimilate new ideas & to und]/& new po9ts ( view4 ,! feel+ t ! _w is /range & t ! next g5]ation has gone on )\t !m acc\nts = ! tragic lonel9ess ( _m old p4 ,cle>ly x is = ^? :o are y\ng] & m flexible to bridge ! gulf betwe5 ! g5]ations by _! und]/&+ & _! sympa?y4 ,physical c>e to :atev] ext5t x is ne$$ %\ld be giv5 to all old p z soon z !y are unable to c>e = !mselves1 & ?\ght %\ld be giv5 to adapt+ _! surr\nd+s & ways ( liv+ to _! /r5g? & ne$s1 j z !y %\ld be adapt$ to ! /r5g? & ne$s ( *ronic pati5ts4 ,b a w>n+ %\ld be giv5 aga9/ manag+ old p too mu*4 ,x is h>d = p :o h manag$ _! own lives successfully = _m ye>s to be manag$1 ev5 = _! own good4 ,inde$1 x is que/ionable k9dness to deprive old p ( all fre$om ( action1 ev5 if foll[+ _! own incl9ations occasionally has disa/r\s results4 ,few p]sons w\ld wi% to prolong _! lives if long life involv$ be+ ?w>t$ 9 e desire1 & sometimes real k9dness consi/s 9 all[+ old p to d c]ta9 ?+s t are n good = !m4 ,keep+ !m w>m & lett+ !m d z !y please w g f> to make old p happy4 ,_m ( ! *anges 9 old age rev]se ! develop+ process ( *ildhood4 ,9 y\? & age extremes meet1 & ! c>e ( ! ag$ pres5ts c]ta9 m>k$ simil>ities to ! c>e ( little *ildr54 ,bo? require simple food1 occupations suit$ to _! /r5g?1 & protection f infections1 f fatigue1 & f n]v\s /ra92 bo? are dep5d5t1 m or less helpless1 & = _! happ9ess bo? ne$ ! affectionate c>e ( _! own families4 ,b 9 "o respect _! ne$s are fundam5tally diff]5t4 ,9 *ildhood =mation ( prop] habits is all important1 & 9 c>+ = *ildr5 ! future effect ( e ^w & act mu/ be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,old p1 on ! o!r h&1 s9ce !y live l>gely 9 ! pa/ & _! habits are irrevocably =m$1 may be indulg$ )\t h>m 9 ways t w\ld demoralize a *ild2 ) a cle> consci5ce "o may make !m happy 9 ways bo? great & small4 ,?is diff]5ce makes possible "o ( ! greate/ pleasures t come to "o :o c>es = ! helpless & ! sick1 = ( all endur+ satisfactions few are great] ?an ! p[] to fill ) com=t & happ9ess ! clos+ days ( life4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,:at is meant by a physical defect8 ,"n "s ( ! mo/ common defects4 #b4 ,"n "s p]man5t injuries to ! body caus$ by defective tee?2 by diseas$ or enl>g$ tonsils & ad5oids2 by faulty po/ure4 #c4 ,describe "s common symptoms ( eye /ra9 9 *ildr52 ( enl>g$ tonsils & ad5oids2 ( deafness4 #d4 ,"n sev]al possible causes ( r\nd %\ld]s1 & expla9 :y urg+ a r\nd-%\ld]$ *ild to hold himself erect is seldom en\gh to make him correct 8 po/ure4 #e4 ,:at measures %\ld be tak5 to ov]come n]v\sness 9 *ildr58 #f4 ,describe 9 detail ! heal? "w c>ri$ on 9 ! public s*ools ( y\r city or t[n4 ,consid]+ ! important "p play$ by uncorrect$ physical defects 9 caus+ p]man5t physical disability among adults1 d y ?9k 9 ! long run x is *eap] or m exp5sive = a community to sp5d money 9 protect+ ! heal? ( s*ool *ildr58 #g4 ,discuss ! p>ticul> ne$s ( convalesc5t & ( *ronic pati5ts4 #h4 ,expla9 ! effect ( activity ^u recov]y1 & expla9 :y x is desirable = invalids to h occupation4 #i4 ,:at special ne$s %\ld be provid$ = 9 c>+ = old p8 ,,= ,,fur!r ,,read+ ,invalid ,occupations--,tracy4 ,occupation ,!rapy--,dunton4 ,h&icrafts = ! ,h&icapp$--,hall & ,buck4 ,:5 ,"m ,lets ,u ,make ,toys--,ri*4 ,amusem5ts = ,convalesc5t ,*ildr5--,new ,york ,/ate ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal?1 ,albany4 ,ess5tials ( ,m$ic9e--,em]son1 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,civics & ,heal?--,all54 ,h[ to ,live--,fi%] & ,fisk1 ,*apt] ,,iii1 ,section ,,ii2 & ,supplem5t>y ,notes1 ,section ,,iii4 ,heal? ,"w 9 ! ,s*ools--,hoag & ,t]man4 ,m$ical ,inspection ( ,s*ools--,gulick & ,ayres4 ,! ,hygi5e ( ! ,*ild--,t]man4 ,po/ure ( ,s*ool ,*ildr5--,bancr(t4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,que/ions ,,= ,,review ,i4 ,%[ h[ y w\ld3 #a4 ,make an unoccupi$ b$4 7,notice ! numb] ( m9utes x takes y to d x well47 #b4 ,remove all ! cov]s f an unoccupi$ b$ & leave ! b$ to air4 #c4 ,op5 a b$ to receive a pati5t4 ,,ii4 ,%[ h[ y w\ld3 #a4 ,*ange all ! l95 & remake an occupi$ b$4 7,h[ long did x take y87 #b4 ,turn a pati5t f 8 back to 8 side1 & ! rev]se4 #c4 ,remove1 %ake1 & readju/ a pati5t's pill[s4 #d4 ,move a pati5t f "o b$ to ano!r4 #e4 ,prep>e a weak pati5t to sit up 9 a *air1 & assi/ him f ! b$ to ! *air4 #f4 ,assi/ a weak pati5t f ! *air to ! b$4 #g4 ,arrange pill[s & back re/ = a pati5t to sit up 9 b$2 & also h[ y w\ld remove ! pill[s & back re/4 ,,iii4 ,%[ h[ y w\ld3 #a4 ,lift a pati5t :o has slipp$ d[n t[>d ! foot ( ! b$1 & %[ :at y w\ld d to prev5t him f slipp+ d[n4 #b4 ,prev5t b$ cov]s f re/+ ^u a s5sitive foot1 leg1 abdom51 or arm4 #c4 ,describe & demon/rate e device y w\ld use & e ?+ y w\ld d to prev5t pressure sores4 #d4 ,arrange pill[s to support ! arms ( a p]son sitt+ up 9 b$4 #e4 ,arrange a table or a sub/itute = a table to support ! book or "w ( a pati5t sitt+ up 9 b$4 #f4 ,arrange ! light = a pati5t :o is all[$ to read 9 b$4 ,,iv4 #a4 ,assemble all ! articles y w\ld use 9 giv+ a b$ ba?4 7,h[ long did x take y87 #b4 ,%[ h[ to give a complete b$ ba?4 7,h[ long did x take y8 ,did y h to /op ! ba? to fet* any?+ y _h =gott587 #c4 ,:at special c>e w\ld y give to ! m\? & tee?8 to ! f+] & toe nails8 to ! hair8 to badly tangl$ hair8 ,h[ w\ld y cleanse ! m\? ( a helpless pati5t8 #d4 ,%[ h[ to %ampoo ! hair ( a b$ pati5t4 #e4 ,%[ h[ y w\ld give a ba? to a baby4 #f4 ,%[ ev]y?+ t y w\ld d to prep>e a pati5t = ! night4 ,v4 #a4 ,%[ h[ to take ! temp]ature1 pulse1 & respiration4 #b4 ,%[ h[ to cleanse a cl9ical !rmomet]4 #c4 ,%[ h[ to give a foot ba? 7a7 to a pati5t out ( b$1 7b7 to a pati5t 9 b$4 #d4 ,%[ h[ y w\ld give a cool sponge ba? to a fev]i% pati5t4 #e4 ,%[ h[ to give1 remove1 & cleanse a b$-pan4 #f4 ,%[ h[ to fill & apply a hot wat] bag2 an ice bag4 #g4 ,%[ h[ to prep>e & apply a mu/>d pa/e2 a mu/>d leaf2 a flaxse$ p\ltice2 hot fom5tations2 cold compresses4 #h4 ,%[ h[ to measure & adm9i/] a fluid m$ic9e2 pills or tablets4 #i4 ,%[ h[ to prep>e & adm9i/] a salt & wat] enema to a gr[n p]son2 to a baby4 #aj4 ,%[ h[ to prep>e /eam inhalations4 #aa4 ,%[ h[ to apply an o9tm5t2 a l9im5t4 ,,vi4 #a4 ,%[ h[ y w\ld fe$ a helpless pati5t :o is ly+ d[n4 #b4 ,%[ h[ y w\ld fe$ a pati5t :o is able to sit up b unable to use 8 h&s4 #c4 ,prep>e a liquid n\ri%m5t tray4 #d4 ,set a tray = light diet2 = full diet4 #e4 ,%[ h[ to place a tray = a pati5t unable to sit up b able to fe$ himself2 = a pati5t sitt+ up 9 b$4 #f4 ,:at p]sonal c>e %\ld be giv5 a pati5t j be=e meals8 j aft] meals8 #g4 ,h[ w\ld y modify ! diet ( a pati5t incl9$ to con/ipation8 to di>rha8 ,,vii4 #a4 ,describe effective h\sehold me?ods = remov+ du/4 #b4 ,demon/rate ! clean+ ( a refrig]ator4 #c4 ,%[ h[ to v5tilate a sick room :ile protect+ ! pati5t f direct draughts4 #d4 ,%[ h[ to clean a sick room ) a m9imum ( di/urbance to ! pati5t4 #e4 ,expla9 h[ a pati5t ) communicable disease %\ld be isolat$4 #f4 ,demon/rate ! daily c>e ( a room occupi$ by a pati5t ) communicable disease4 #g4 ,expla9 me?ods ( concurr5t dis9fection4 #h4 ,expla9 me?ods ( t]m9al dis9fection4 #i4 ,tell h[ ! foll[+ %\ld be dis9fect$3 dis*>ges f ! nose1 ?roat1 eyes1 e>s1 b[els1 bladd]1 w\nds1 & sores2 b$ & p]sonal l952 blankets2 mattresses2 di%es2 ut5sils1 especially b$pans & ur9als2 clo?+ & p]son ( ! att5dant1 especially ! h&s2 furniture1 rugs1 & woodwork4 ,,viii4 #a4 ,"n "s ( ! mo/ obvi\s symptoms ( sickness4 #b4 ,"n "s symptoms t w\ld lead y to take a pati5t to a doctor2 to s5d = a doctor2 to s5d = a doctor 9 ha/e4 #c4 ,"n "s symptoms t are dang]\s to neglect ev5 ?\gh ! pati5t feels fairly well4 #d4 ,:at are "s ( ! symptoms ( physical defects 9 *ildr58 ,"n "s conditions t are frequ5tly caus$ by unrem$i$ defects4 #e4 ,"n "s diseases commonly u%]$ 9 by symptoms resembl+ ^? ( a cold 9 ! head4 #f4 ,:at symptoms w\ld lead y to isolate a pati5t8 #g4 ,give z _m illu/rations z y c ( ! "p play$ by good & bad habits 9 det]m9+ heal? & sickness4 ,,ix4 #a4 ,h[ w\ld y dress a cut8 a burn8 a spra98 #b4 ,:at w\ld y d = a p]son suff]+ f colic8 nausea8 di>rha8 *ill8 #c4 ,:at are ! symptoms ( %ock8 heat /roke8 heat pro/ration8 ,:at treatm5t w\ld y give 9 ea* case8 #d4 ,:at w\ld y d = a fa9t+ p]son8 = a p]son suff]+ f nose ble$8 f e>a*e8 f a c9d] 9 ! eye8 #e4 ,:at c\rse ( action w\ld y advise = a p]son tr\bl$ ) sleeplessness8 frequ5t heada*es8 excessive irritability8 unusual depression ( spirits8 unf\nd$ suspicions ( o!r p]sons' motives8 a t5d5cy to h ! feel+s hurt easily8 inability to control ! emotions8 ,x4 #a4 ,:y is x bett] to prev5t sickness ?an to cure x8 #b4 ,"n ! ess5tials ( good hygi5ic conditions = babies1 = *ildr51 = gr[n p1 = ! ag$4 #c4 ,h[ mu* ( ! sickness 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is prev5table8 #d4 ,if "p ( ! sickness is prev5table1 :y is x n prev5t$8 #e4 ,:at con/itutes adequate c>e ( ! sick8 #f4 ,:at proportion ( ! "y m5 9 y\r community :o 7 draft$ h be5 reject$ = physical disability8 ,h[ _m 7 reject$ = disabilities t might h be5 prev5t$8 ,,xi4 7,answ]s to ! foll[+ que/ions c g5]ally be obta9$ f local heal? (fic]s47 #a4 ,:at are ! duties & p[]s ( y\r local bo>d ( heal?8 #b4 ,h[ mu* did y\r city or t[n sp5d p] p]son la/ ye> on heal? protection8 ,h[ does ?is am\nt comp>e ) ! am\nt sp5t p] p]son = police protection8 = fire protection8 #c4 ,:o inspects ! wat] supply 9 y\r t[n8 ! milk supply8 ! food supply8 #d4 ,9 y\r city1 :at 0 ! numb] ( dea?s p] #ajj1jjj ( ! population f tub]culosis ea* ye> = ! la/ five ye>s8 f typhoid fev]8 #e4 ,is !re a tub]culosis sanit>ium 9 y\r city or c\nty8 ,are nurses employ$ to sup]vise tub]culosis pati5ts :o rema9 at home8 #f4 ,:at provision does y\r community make = pati5ts suff]+ f o!r communicable diseases8 #g4 ,:at measures are tak5 9 y\r community to in/ruct s*ool *ildr5 9 matt]s ( heal?8 to in/ruct gr[n p]sons8 #h4 ,h[ does y\r community provide m$ical & nurs+ c>e = p]sons unable to pay "p or all ( ! co/ ( su* s]vice8 ,,xii4 ,expla9 :y ! foll[+ common beliefs are errone\s or unf\nd$3 #a4 ,t a damp cell> causes diph!ria4 #b4 ,t night air is h>mful4 #c4 ,t "o %\ld /uff a cold & />ve a fev]4 #d4 ,t almo/ ev]yone ne$s a tonic 9 ! spr+4 #e4 ,t ! heal? ( "o's family w\ld be endang]$ if a tub]culosis hospital 7 plac$ on ! next block4 #f4 ,t cle>+ up ! back y>d w protect ! *ildr5 ( a family f infantile p>alysis4 #g4 ,t odorless & ta/eless wat] is necess>ily free f h>mful g]ms4 #h4 ,t all *ildr5 %\ld h ! *ildr5's diseases1 & h !m z e>ly z possible4 #i4 ,t boils are a b5efit to ! sy/em by remov+ impurities f ! blood4 #aj4 ,t tomatoes cause canc]4 #aa4 ,t consumption is inh]it$4 #ab4 ,t dirt bre$s disease4 #ac4 ,t diseases come up dra9s4 #ad4 ,t if a teaspoonful ( m$ic9e does y good1 a tablespoonful w d y m good4 #ae4 ,t in/9ct tea*es a "m h[ to c>e = h] baby4 #af4 ,t l[ heel$ %oes1 ?\gh suitable = boys & m51 cause brok5 ar*es 9 wom5 & girls4 #ag4 ,t 9 "o's own case1 ! rule t ev]yone ne$s regul> meals1 regul> h\rs ( sleep1 & daily ex]cise out ( doors1 may be safely violat$4 ,,app5dix ,! ,new ,york ,city ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal? has k9dly p]mitt$ u to include ! foll[+ circul>s ( in=mation issu$ by ! ,division ( ,*ild ,hygi5e4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,heal? ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,new ,,york ,,in/ructions ,,to ,,p>5ts ,,reg>d+ ,,! ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,m\? ,,& ,,tee?4 ,! physical exam9ation ( s*ool *ildr5 %[s t 9 _m in/ances ! tee? are 9 a decay$ & unheal?y condition4 ,decay$ tee? cause an unclean m\?4 ,too?a*e & disease ( ! gums may result4 ,neglect ( ! fir/ tee? is a frequ5t cause ( decay ( ! second tee?4 ,if a *ild has decay$ tee?1 x _c prop]ly *ew its food4 ,improp]ly *ew$ food & an unclean m\? cause bad dige/ion1 & consequ5tly poor g5]al heal?4 ,if a *ild is n 9 good heal?1 x _c keep up ) its /udies 9 s*ool4 ,x is m likely to contract any contagi\s disease1 & x has n ! prop] *ance to gr[ into a robu/1 heal?y adult4 ,if ! *ild's tee? are decay$1 x %\ld be tak5 to a d5ti/ at once4 ,! tee? %\ld be bru%$ aft] ea* meal1 us+ a too? bru% & too? p[d]4 ,! foll[+ too? p[d] is recomm5d$3 #b oz4 p[d]$ precipitat$ *alk4 oz4 p[d]$ ,ca/ile soap1 #a dram p[d]$ orris root4 ,?or\ghly mix4 ,?is prescription c be fill$ by any druggi/ at a co/ n to exce$ fifte5 c5ts4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,heal? ,,city ,,( ,,new ,,york ,in/ructions to ,p>5ts ,reg>d+ ! ,c>e ( ! ,nose ,! physical exam9ation ( s*ool *ildr5 %[s t 9 _m in/ances !y brea! ?r\gh ! m\? because !y _c brea! prop]ly or suffici5tly ?r\gh ! nose4 ,?is may be due to bad habits 9 reg>d to keep+ ! nose clean1 or1 9 a majority ( in/ances1 to a gr[? :i* is kn[n z ad5oids & :i* /ops up ! back ( ! nose4 ,9 ei!r case1 ! air is n brea!d ?r\gh ! nose1 & ! *ild becomes :at is kn[n z a m\? brea!r4 ,con/ant brea?+ ?r\gh ! m\? causes ! *ild to become pale1 re/less 9 its sleep & dull 9 its actions4 ,! *ild (t5 speaks z ?\gh x _h a cold 9 ! head4 ,frequ5tly !re is an almo/ con/ant dis*>ge f ! nose4 ,m\? brea?+ r5d]s a *ild especially liable to contract tub]culosis & o!r infecti\s diseases2 9 fact1 ! *ild has v little resi/ance to disease ( any k9d4 ,e *ild %\ld be giv5 a h&k]*ief1 & be taught to ?or\ghly bl[ ! nose sev]al times ea* day4 ,if1 aft] do+ ?is regul>ly1 ! *ild is /ill unable to brea! prop]ly ?r\gh ! nose1 x is probable t an ad5oid gr[? is pres5t4 ,su* *ildr5 %\ld be tak5 to ! family physician or to a disp5s>y = fur!r advice & treatm5t4 ,d n wait too long 9 ! hope t ! *ild w outgr[ ! condition1 = ! effect ( ad5oid gr[?s p]si/+ ?r\gh\t *ildhood may injure ! p]son = life4 ,h y\r *ild's ?roat & nose exam9$ "o mon? aft] measles1 sc>let fev]1 or diph!ria4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,heal? ,,city ,,( ,,new ,,york ,in/ructions to ,p>5ts on ! ,c>e ( ,*ildr5's ,hair & ,scalp ,*ildr5 affect$ ) v]m9 ( ! head are exclud$ f s*ool4 ,! foll[+ directions w cure ! condition3 ,mix "o-half p9t ( sweet oil & "o-half p9t ( k]os5e oil4 ,%ake ! mixture well & saturate ! hair ) ! mixture4 ,!n wrap ! head 9 a l>ge ba? t[el or rubb] cap s t ! head is entirely cov]$2 ! head mu/ rema9 cov]$ f six to eight h\rs4 7,t9cture ( l>kspur may be us$ in/ead ( oil mixture4 ,! directions = use are ! same47 ,aft] remov+ ! t[el1 ! head %\ld be %ampoo$ z foll[s3 ,to two qu>ts ( w>m wat] add "o teaspoonful ( sodium c>bonate 7wa%+ soda74 ,wet ! hair ) ?is solution & !n apply ,ca/ile soap & rub ! head ?or\ghly ab\t t5 m9utes4 ,wa% ! soap out ( ! hair ) repeat$ wa%+s ( cle> w>m wat]4 ,dry ! hair ?or\ghly4 ,nits3 ,if ! head is %ampoo$ regul>ly ea* week z above describ$1 x w cure & prev5t ! condition ( nits4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,heal? ,,city ,,( ,,new ,,york ,,diet ,,= ,,*ild ,,f #ab,,? ,,to #ah,,? ,,mon? ,,fir/ ,,meal--,,on ,,ris+4 7#a7 #a to #b ounces juice ( a sweet orange or ,pulp ( #f /ew$ prunes or #a ounce p9eapple juice4 7#b7 #h ounces milk ) ei!r zwieback1 or toa/$ biscuits or /ale toa/$ bread4 ,note3 ,fruit mu/ be giv5 ei!r h\r be=e or h\r aft] milk4 ,,second ,,meal--,,dur+ ,,=5oon4 ,milk alone or ) zwieback4 ,,noon ,,meal4 7#a7 #f ounces s\p or #c ounces beef juice4 ,note3 ,s\p may be made ( *ick51 beef or mutton4 7#b7 ,/ale bread may be add$ to ! above4 ,,f\r? ,,meal--,,aft]noon4 ,milk or toa/$ bread & milk4 ,,ev5+ ,,meal4 7#a7 #d ounces ?ick gruel mix$ ) #d ounces top half milk4 ,tak5 ) zwieback4 ,note3 ,gruel may be made ( oatmeal1 f>9a1 b>ley1 hom9y1 :eat5a1 or rice4 7#b7 ,apple sauce or ,prune jelly4 ,total milk 9 #bd h\rs1 #a to #a qu>ts4 ,note3 #h ounces is equal to a half p9t4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,heal? ,,city ,,( ,,new ,,york ,,diet ,,= ,,*ild ,,f #ah,,? ,,to #bd,,? ,,mon? ,,breakfa/4 7#a7 ,juice ( "o sweet orange or ,pulp ( six /ew$ prunes or ,p9eapple juice 7fre% or bottl$7 #a ounce4 7#b7 ,a c]eal su* z cream ( :eat1 oatmeal1 f>9a1 or hom9y prep>ations ) top milk 7top #af ounces7 sweet5$ or salt$4 ,a glass ( milk1 bread & butt]4 ,note3 ,if con/ipat$ give ! fruit h\r be=e breakfa/ ) wat]2 if n1 !y may be giv5 dur+ ! =5oon4 ,raw fruit juice mu/ be giv5 ei!r h\r be=e or h\r aft] milk4 ,,=5oon4 ,a glass ( milk ) two toa/$ biscuits or zwieback or graham crack]s4 ,,d9n]4 7#a7 ,bro? or s\p made ( beef1 mutton1 or *ick51 & ?ick5$ ) peas1 f>9a1 sago or rice or ,beef juice ) /ale bread crumbs2 or cle> vegetable s\p ) yolk ( egg or ,egg s(t boil$1 ) bread crumbs1 or ! egg poa*$1 ) a glass ( milk4 7#b7 ,dess]t3 apple sauce1 prune pulp1 ) /ale lady-f+]s or graham waf]s or ,pla9 pudd+s3 rice1 bread1 tapioca1 blanc-mange1 junket or bak$ cu/>d4 ,,supp]4 ,glass ( milk1 w>m or cold2 zwieback & cu/>d or /ew$ fruit4 ,total milk 9 #bd h\rs1 #a qu>ts4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,heal? ,,city ,,( ,,new ,,york ,,diet ,,= ,,*ild ,,f ,,two ,,to ,,?ree ,,ye>s ,,breakfa/4 7#a7 ,juice ( #a sweet orange or ,pulp ( #f /ew$ prunes or #a ounce p9eapple juice 7fre% or bottl$7 or ,apple sauce4 7#b7 ,a c]eal su* z oatmeal1 f>9a1 cream ( :eat1 hom9y or rice1 slightly sweet5$ or salt$ z pref]r$1 ) ! addition ( top milk 7top #af ounces7 or ,a s(t boil$ or poa*$ egg ) /ale bread or toa/4 7#c7 ,a glass ( milk4 ,note3 ,if con/ipat$ give ! fruit h\r be=e breakfa/ ) wat]2 if n1 !y may be giv5 dur+ ! =5oon4 ,milk & raw fruit juice mu/ n be giv5 at same meal4 ,,d9n]4 7#a7 ,bro? or s\p made ( *ick51 mutton or beef1 ?ick5$ ) arr[root1 split peas1 rice1 or ) addition ( ! yolk ( an egg or toa/ squ>es4 7#b7 ,scrap$ beef or :ite meat ( *ick51 or broil$ fi% 7small am\nt7 or ,ma%$ or bak$ potatoes ) fre% peas or sp9a* or c>rots4 7#c7 ,dess]t3 apple sauce1 bak$ apple1 rice pudd+1 junket or cu/>d4 ,,supp]4 7#a7 ,a c]eal or egg 7if egg is n tak5 ) breakfa/7 ) /ale bread or toa/ or ,bread & milk or bread & cocoa or bread & cu/>d4 7#b7 ,/ew$ fruit4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,heal? ,,city ,,( ,,new ,,york ,,diet ,,= ,,*ild ,,f ,,?ree ,,to ,,six ,,ye>s ,,breakfa/4 7#a7 ,fruits3 an orange1 apple1 pe> or /ew$ prunes4 7#b7 ,c]eal3 oatmeal1 hom9y1 rice or :eat prep>ations1 well cook$ & salt$1 ) ?9 cream & sug> or ,egg3 s(t boil$1 poa*$1 omelet or scrambl$4 7#c7 ,milk or cocoa4 ,,d9n]4 7#a7 ,s\p3 beef1 *ick5 or mutton4 7#b7 ,meat3 *ick5 or beef/eak or roa/ beef or lamb *ops or fi%4 7#c7 ,vegetables3 sp9a* or c>rots or /r+ beans1 peas1 caulifl[] tops1 ma%$ or bak$ potatoes1 beets or lettuce 7)\t v9eg>7 ,mac>oni1 spaghetti4 ,bread & butt]--n fre% bread or rolls4 7#d7 ,dess]t3 cu/>d1 rice or bread or tapioca pudd+1 ice cream 7once a week7 corn/>* pudd+ 7*ocolate or o!r flavor7 /ew$ prunes or bak$ apple4 ,,supp]4 7#a7 ,milk toa/ or graham crack]s & milk or ,a ?ick s\p1 z pea1 or cream ( cel]y ) bread & butt] or ,a c]eal & ?9 cream ) bread & butt]4 7#b7 ,/ew$ fruit2 cu/>d or pla9 pudd+2 jam or jelly4 ,,gloss>y 7,= complete def9itions ( ! foll[+ words ! /ud5t is ref]r$ to g5]al & sci5tific diction>ies7 ,a ,,antiseptic4--,a sub/ance :i* prev5ts or h9d]s ! gr[? ( micro-organisms4 ,,antitox94--,a sub/ance t neutralizes ! action ( a tox94 ,,aseptic4--,free f liv+ g]ms4 ,,axilla4--,! armpit4 ,b ,,bacillus 7pl4 bacilli74--,a rod-%ap$ or elongat$ bact]ium4 ,,bact]ial4--,relat+ to bact]ia4 ,,bact]icide4--,an ag5t hav+ ! p[] to de/roy bact]ia4 ,,bact]iological4--,relat+ to bact]iology4 ,,bact]iology4--,! sci5ce deal+ ) microorganisms4 ,,bact]ium 7pl4 bact]ia74--,a unicellul> vegetable micro-organism4 ,c ,,c>ri]4--,an app>5tly heal?y p]son :o h>bors pa?og5ic g]ms 9 8 body4 ,,coccus 7pl4 cocci74--,a bact]ium ( sph]ical or ne>ly sph]ical %ape4 ,,c\nt]-,,irritant4--,a sub/ance or ag5t :i* if appli$ to ! sk9 causes irritation & !reby relieves an abnormal condition 9 ano!r "p ( ! body4 ,d ,,deg5]ation4--,a det]ioration 9 cells or tissues ( ! body s t !y become less able to p]=m _! prop] functions4 ,,deg5]ative4--,p]ta9+ to deg5]ation4 ,,deodorant4--,an ag5t t de/roys odors4 ,,dige/ive ,,tract4--,! entire alim5t>y canal1 includ+ ! m\?1 sophagus1 /oma*1 & ! small & l>ge inte/9es4 ,,diplococcus4--,a =m ( coccus 9 :i* two individuals rema9 atta*$ aft] cell division has tak5 place4 ,,dis9fect4--,to de/roy ! g]ms ( disease4 ,,dis9fectant4--,an ag5t t de/roys ! g]ms ( disease4 ,,dis9fection4--,! process ( de/roy+ ! g]ms ( disease4 ,e ,,emetic4--,a sub/ance us$ to induce vomit+4 ,,enema4--,an injection ( fluid into ! rectum4 ,f ,,fecal4--,p]ta9+ to feces4 ,,feces4--,matt] dis*>g$ f ! b[els2 b[el movem5t4 ,,f]m5tation4--,decomposition produc$ 9 an organic sub/ance by ! action ( c]ta9 liv+ ag5ts4 ,,fission4--,! process by :i* a cell divides into two p>ts4 ,,flagellum 7pl4 flagella74--,a long hair-l app5dage1 by ! action ( :i* c]ta9 micro-organisms are enabl$ to move4 ,,flex4--,to b5d at a jo9t4 ,,fom5tation4--,see ,/upe4 ,g ,,ga/ric ,,juice4--,! fluid secret$ by ! gl&s ( ! /oma*4 ,,g]m4--,a m9ute unicellul> organism1 ei!r animal or vegetable2 a micro-organism2 a microbe4 ,,g]micide4--,an ag5t hav+ ! p[] to kill g]ms4 ,h ,,ho/4--,an animal or plant 9 or ^u :i* ano!r organism lives4 ,i ,,immune4--,n susceptible to a p>ticul> disease2 also1 a p]son :o is n susceptible to a p>ticul> disease4 ,,immunity4--,! /ate 9 :i* an individual is n susceptible to a p>ticul> disease4 ,,immunize4--,to r5d] immune4 ,,incubation4--,! int]val betwe5 exposure to an infecti\s disease & ! fir/ appe>ance ( symptoms4 ,,infect4--,to communicate disease g]ms4 ,,infection4--,an ag5t by :i* disease may be communicat$ f "o individual to ano!r2 also1 an infecti\s disease4 ,,inoculate4--,to introduce any biological product directly into ! tissues ( ! body4 ,,inoculation4--,! process ( inoculat+4 ,,inte/9al ,,tract4--,! small & l>ge inte/9es4 ,m ,,microbe4--,see ,g]m4 ,,micro-,,organism4--,see ,g]m4 ,,mucus4--,! sub/ance secret$ by muc\s membranes4 ,,muc\s ,,membranes4--,! membranes l9+ c]ta9 cavities ( ! body1 especially ! dige/ive & respiratory tracts4 ,n ,,nutri5t4--,"o ( sev]al *emical gr\ps to :i* ! ess5tial con/itu5ts ( food belong4 ,o ,,organic4--,d]iv$ f or relat+ to an organism4 ,,organism4--,an individual t is or has be5 alive4 ,p ,,p>asite4--,an individual t lives 9 or ^u ano!r individual4 ,,pa/eurization4--,! process ( pa/euriz+4 ,,pa/eurize4--,to subject milk to a temp]ature ( #adb-ade ,fahr5heit = ?irty m9utes4 ,,pa?og5ic4--,disease-produc+4 ,,p]tussis4--,:oop+-c\gh4 ,,proteid4--,"o ( ! complex nitrog5\s sub/ances con/itut+ ! ess5tial p>ts ( animal & vegetable tissues4 ,,protozo,n 7pl4 protozoa74--,an animal organism compos$ ( a s+le cell4 ,,pus4--,! fluid product ( inflammation2 matt]4 ,,putrefaction4--,decomposition ( nitrog5\s organic matt] br\ght ab\t by micro-organisms & accompani$ by a f\l odor4 ,r ,,resi/ance4--,see ,immunity4 ,,respiratory ,,tract4--,! air passages1 includ+ ! nose1 m\?1 l>ynx1 tra*ea1 bron*ial tubes1 & lungs4 ,s ,,saprophyte4--,a vegetable organism t lives on decay+ organic matt]4 ,,s>c9a4--,lit]ally1 a bundle4 ,appli$ to bact]ia gr\p$ 9 bundles or packets4 ,,septic4--,putrefy+ or decompos+2 infect$ by pus-produc+ bact]ia4 ,,sequela4--,a disease or unheal?y condition foll[+ ano!r disease or unheal?y condition4 ,,s]um4--,! fluid :i* sep>ates f ! clot aft] blood has coagulat$2 especially1 t conta9+ an antitox94 ,,sewage4--,any sub/ance conta9+ ur9e or fecal matt]2 also1 ! sub/ance :i* passes ?r\gh sew]s4 ,,spirillum 7pl4 spirilla74--,a v>iety ( bact]ia hav+ spirally twi/$ cells4 ,,spore4--,a re/+ /age1 *>act]iz$ by great resi/ance1 into :i* c]ta9 g]ms ent] :5 conditions become unfavorable = _! gr[?4 ,,sputum4--,spit2 expectoration4 ,,/aphylococcus4--,a v>iety ( bact]ia t gr\p !mselves 9 masses resembl+ bun*es ( grapes4 ,,/]ile4--,free f liv+ g]ms2 aseptic4 ,,/]ilization4--,! process ( r5d]+ /]ile4 ,,/]ilize4--,to r5d] /]ile4 ,,/reptococcus4--,a v>iety ( bact]ia t arrange !mselves 9 *a9s4 ,,/upe4--,a clo? wrung out ( hot wat] & appli$ to ! surface ( ! body4 ,,susceptible4--,lack+ resi/ance to a disease4 ,,susceptibility4--,! condition 9 :i* resi/ance to a disease is l[4 ,t ,,tetrad4--,a v>iety ( bact]ia t arrange !mselves 9 gr\ps ( f\r4 ,,tissue4--,a collection ( cells hav+ ! same function4 ,,tox94--,a poison produc$ by ! action ( micro-organisms4 ,u ,,unicellul>4--,compos$ ( a s+le cell4 ,,ut]us4--,! womb4 ,v ,,vacc9ate4--,to inoculate ) a poison 9 ord] to br+ ab\t immunity to a disease4 ,,vacc9e4--,any sub/ance :i* if introduc$ into ! body causes ! =mation ( protective sub/ances4 ,,vomitus4--,vomit$ sub/ances4 ,,index ,a ,abdom51 #fh ,abdom9al b9d]1 #fh ,action ( drugs1 #bjj ,ad5oids1 #bhd ,ag$1 c>e (1 #cjc ,ailm5ts & em]g5cies1 #beg ,air1 #gb ,alcohol1 #afj ,appliances1 b$ cradles1 #agc b$pans1 #agf rubb] ut5sils1 #ach ,applications1 local1 #bbj cold1 dry1 #bca cold1 moi/1 #bce hot1 dry1 #bbe bricks1 #bbf flannel1 #bbf salt or s&1 #bbf wat] bags1 #bbe hot1 moi/1 #bbg fom5tations1 #bbi p\ltices1 #bbg /upes1 #bbi ,att5dant1 #abg ,b ,bact]ia1 #a1 #d1 #e bacilli1 #e coccus1 #d effects produc$ by1 #c entrance into ! body1 #i food (1 #b immunity1 #ac 9 food1 #ai 9 wat]1 #ai me?ods ( /udy1 #a motion1 #e orig9 ( communicable diseases1 #c p>asites1 #c1 #h saprophytes1 #b %ape1 #d spirillum1 #d spores1 #g /ructure & developm5t1 #d :]e f\nd1 #h ,bact]iology1 #a ,ba?s1 #db1 #aed b$1 #aef cleans+1 #aga cold tub1 #ig1 #aga daily1 #bd foot1 #afe mu/>d1 #afe hot1 #ig infant's1 #gh sitz1 #agf tub1 #aed ,b$ cradles1 #agc ,b$mak+1 #acb ,b$pan1 #agf ,b$-rooms1 c>e (1 #hd ,b$s1 #acb c>e (1 #acd dim5sions1 #acc rubb] pill[ cases1 #ach rubb] %eets1 #ach selection (1 #acb wood51 #acb ,b$ sores1 #afi ,bir? regi/ration1 #fc ,blankets1 #adj ,ble$+1 #bgb ,bl9dness1 #cc ,brea/ fe$+1 #gc ,bruises1 #bgf ,bru% burn1 #bgh ,burns1 #bgg1 #bgh ,c ,canc]1 #aaa ,c>ri]s1 #ag ,*>ts1 #aj1 #bdf ,*ick5pox1 #bcf ,*ildhood1 see ,infancy1 #fj ,*ildr51 c>e (1 #bhj ) ad5oids1 #bhd ) defective he>+1 #bhe ) defective tee?1 #bhf ) enl>g$ tonsils1 #bhd ) eye/ra91 #bhd ) incorrect po/ure1 #bhf ) physical defects1 #bhc ) pr$isposition to n]v\sness1 #bib ,*ills1 #bgj ,*ronic pati5ts1 c>e (1 #bii ,circul>s ( in=mation1 #cah ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal?1 ,city ( ,new ,york1 #cah c>e ( hair & scalp1 #cba c>e ( m\? & tee?1 #cah c>e ( nose1 #cbj diet ( *ild twelf? to eighte5? mon?1 #cbb diet ( *ild eighte5? to tw5ty-f\r? mon?1 #cbc diet ( *ild two to ?ree ye>s1 #cbd diet ( *ild ?ree to six ye>s1 #cbe ,clean+ room1 #abf ,cleanl9ess1 p]sonal1 #da ,clo?+1 #dg dis9fection (1 #ie ( infants1 #fh ,coccus1 #d ,cold applications1 #bbj ,cold1 prev5tion ( common1 #bda ,colic1 #bff ,compresses1 cold1 #bcb ,con/ipation1 #eb1 #aic1 #bff ,convalesc5ts1 c>e (1 #bid ,convulsions1 #bfj ,c\nt] irritants1 #bcc ,cr\p1 #bga ,d ,deg5]ative diseases1 #bj1 #bd ,developm5t ( *ild1 #fd ,diap]1 #fi ,di>rha1 #bff ,diph!ria1 #bde ,dis9fectants1 #bea ,dis9fection1 #bdh ,dra9age1 #dj ,draughts1 #cb ,du/1 effect ^u heal?1 #cf ,e ,e>1 disord]s affect+1 #bfh ,em]g5cies1 #beg ,enemata1 #baj directions = giv+1 #baj = baby1 #bab ,environm5t1 #bi ,eruptive diseases1 #bcf ,excreta1 dis9fection (1 #bdi ,excretions1 #eb ,expectoration1 #bdi ,eye1 ailm5ts1 #bfg compresses =1 #bcb =eign bodies 91 #bfg ,eye/ra91 #bhd ,f ,fa9t+1 #bei ,fatigue1 #ec1 #ajf1 #aha ,fe$+ ( infants1 #gc ,filtration ( wat]1 #ej ,flies1 z c>ri]s ( disease g]ms1 #ch ,floors1 #abj ,fom5tations1 #bbi ,food1 #ce1 #dh1 #ahh classification (1 #dh = *ildr51 #gh = infants1 #gb ,foot ba?1 #afe ,fumigation1 #bed ,furniture1 #abj ,g ,g>bage1 #cg ,gloss>y1 #cbf-ccj ,gr[? ( *ild1 #fd ,h ,habits1 #hb ,hair1 c>e (1 #afc ,h&k]*iefs1 #bci ,h&s1 #aa1 #ab1 #dc1 #bej ,heada*e1 #beg ,heat1 application (1 #bbj exhau/ion1 #bfd ,heat+1 #ed ,h]$ity1 #bg ,hicc\gh1 #bfe ,h\se1 cleanl9ess (1 #cc ,humidity1 #ca ,hygi5e1 oral1 #dd p]sonal1 #ai1 #bh ,i ,immunity1 #ac ,infancy 7& *ildhood71 hygi5e (1 #fj air1 fre%1 #gb ba?s1 #gh c>e ( eyes1 #hj ( m\?1 #ha ( no/rils1 #ha ( g5ital organs1 #ha clo?+1 #fh cry1 significance (1 #hb diet1 #gd "m's milk1 dang] ( sub/itutes1 #gb wat]1 #ge wean+1 #ge excretions1 #fg ex]cise1 #hc gr[? & developm5t1 #fd1 #fe l5g? at bir?1 #fd increase1 #fe muscul> developm5t1 #fd special s5ses1 #ff spee*1 #ff tee?1 #ff weight at bir?1 #fd increase1 #fe habits1 #hb mortality1 #fa nurs+ bottles1 #ge nipples1 #ge play1 #hd pulse1 #if respiration1 #ii sleep1 #gj toys1 #he ,infection1 #a1 #dc ,inflammation1 #bbj ,inhalation1 #bac ,insects1 #ch1 #bgj ,insect bites & /+s1 #bgj ,inunction1 #bad ,isolation1 duration (1 #bdg ,ivy poison+1 #bgj ,k ,kit*5s1 #cd ,l ,light1 #cc1 #abd ,l951 #bea ,lysol1 #bea ,m ,malaise1 #ajf ,mattress1 #ace c>e (1 #acf ,measles1 #bdf ,m$ic9es & rem$ies1 #bjj action ( drugs1 #bjj amateur dos+1 #bjb enemata1 #baj inhalation1 #bac inunction1 #bad pat5t rem$ies1 #bje sprays & g>gles1 #bac suppositories1 #bji ,m$ic9es1 adm9i/ration (1 #bjf ,m5/ruation1 pr(use1 #bge ,m5tal condition1 #ajd-aab ,microorganisms1 #i ,milk1 #ea pa/eurization1 #ea ,m\?1 c>e (1 #afj wa%1 #ahb ,mu/>d pa/e1 #bcc leaves1 #bcc ,n ,nausea1 #bfe ,nipple1 bottle1 #gg c>e (1 #gg ,non-communicable diseases1 #bj ,noseble$1 #bgd ,p ,pa91 #aje ,p>asites1 #c1 #d1 #h ,pat5t rem$ies1 #bje ,pati5t1 c>e (1 ) communicable disease1 #bcf ) colds & slight infections1 #bch ) m s]i\s infections1 #bdb *ang+ %eet1 #adg *ang+1 #adf lift+1 #adf m\?1 #afj mov+1 #aeb ,p]sonal hygi5e1 #ai ,pill[s1 #acg cov]s1 #ach1 #adj ,poison\s drugs1 #bae ,po/ure1 #bhf ,p\ltices1 #bbg1 #bbh ,pr5atal c>e1 #fb ,prickly heat1 #bfi ,protozoa1 #h ,public ag5cies1 #ajg ,public sanitation1 #ai ,pulse1 #if ,purification ( wat]1 #ej ,q ,qu>ant9e1 t]m9ation (1 #beb ,r ,records1 #ajg ,recreation1 #ee ,rectum1 #ic ,respiration1 #ii ,re/1 #ec ,rooms1 #bg ,s ,saprophytes1 #b ,scalds1 #bgg ,sc>let fev]1 #bdf ,sewage1 #ci ,%eets1 #acg1 #ach1 #adb ,%ock1 #bfa ,sick-room1 model1 #aah ,sleep1 #ee1 #gj ,sleeplessness1 #beh ,small-pox1 #bdf ,special s5ses 9 sickness1 #aja ,spores1 #g ,spra9s1 #bge ,sprays & g>gles1 #bac ,/imulants1 9 em]g5cy "w1 #bfc ,/upes1 #bbi ,/yes1 #bfg ,sun/roke1 #bfd ,suppositories1 #bji ,symptoms1 #hh ,t ,tee?1 #de1 #afj defective1 #bhf treatm5t1 #df ,temp]ature1 #ib me?od ( tak+1 #ib normal1 #ie ,temp]ature ( ba?s1 #gi1 #aee ( h\se1 #cj1 #abd spong+ =1 #agg v>iations1 #aad1 #bjf ,!rmomet]1 cl9ical1 c>e (1 #ib ,tonsils1 enl>g$1 #bhd ,tub]culosis1 #bg-ajg ,u ,ur9e1 #ajc ,v ,vacc9ation1 #ac1 #be ,v5tilation1 #bi1 #abc ,vomit+1 #bfe ,w ,wat]1 #di filtration1 #ej ,wean+1 #ge ,weight1 #fe loss (1 #fd ,:oop+ c\gh1 #bdf ,w\nds1 #bgb ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,punctuation errors 7e4g4 miss+ p]iod at end ( s5t5ce1 miss+ quotation m>ks1 etc47 & lett]s pr9t$ upside d[n h be5 correct$ )\t note4 ,except :]e not$1 inconsi/5cies 9 hyph5ation1 capitalization1 & spell+ 7e4g4 travell+ & travel+7 h n be5 *ang$4 ,! orig9al index _h num]\s errors1 su* z ref]5ces to t]ms t d n appe> 9 ! text4 ,except :]e not$ bel[1 x has be5 left z pr9t$4 ,! foll[+ corrections 7 made3 p4 viii3 ,records1 #aje4 to ,records1 #ajg4 7"u ,*apt] ,,iv7 p4 ix3 ,c>e ( ! ,pati5ts ) ,communicable ,diseases to ,c>e ( ,pati5ts ) ,communicable ,diseases 7"u ,*apt] ,,xii7 p4 ix3 ,c>e ( liv]1 #bea4 to ,c>e ( l951 #bea4 7"u ,*apt] ,,xii7 p4 #ae3 innoculation to inoculation 7,vacc9ation & inoculation h sav$ ?\s&s ( lives47 p4 #af3 pr9ciple to pr9cipal 7pr9cipal causes :i* dim9i% resi/ance71 to mat* cit$ text p4 #cg3 g]ns to g]ms 7?r\gh :i* disease g]ms7 p4 #dj3 ,f ,! ,human ,me*anism4 to ,f ,! ,human ,me*anism4 7to mat* =mat ( o!r captions7 p4 #da3 p]f]ably to pref]ably 7pref]ably1 *loride ( lime47 p4 #gg3 runnnig to runn+ 7?or\ghly cleans$ "u runn+ wat]7 p4 #hb3 symptons to symptoms 7o!r symptoms ( di/ress7 p4 #if3 ?ay to !y 7tak5 toge!r !y are7 p4 #ajh3 #h3cj to #h3cj a4m4 p4 #aaa3 develope to develop 7may develop into canc]7 p4 #aae3 miss+ degree symbol add$ 7,at noon 8 temp]ature 0 #aja7 p4 #acb3 illnes to illness 7unless 8 illness is slight7 p4 #acf3 s]vicable to s]viceable 7makes a s]viceable cov]7 p4 #aej3 pait5t to pati5t 7ready = ! pati5t47 p4 #aej-aea3 remov$ duplication ( text 9 captions = ,fig4 #ad & ,fig4 #ae 7,,*ang+ ,,! ,,draw ,,%eet1 & ,,*ang+ ,a ,,pati5t ,,f ,,"o ,,b$ ,,to ,,ano!r7 p4 #afa3 errone\s italics remov$ f pati5t & h] 7ev5 a pati5t unable to sit up c bru% h] tee?7 p4 #afg3 add$ miss+ ba? 7to give a cool sponge ba?7 p4 #age3 ah\ld to %\ld 7! protection ( ! abdom5 %\ld7 p4 #agg3 expecially to especially 7if x is especially difficult or undesirable7 p4 #agg3 pati5ts' to pati5t's 7betwe5 ! pati5t's back & ! pan27 p4 #agh3 deod]ant to deodorant 7a prop]ly kept pan ne$s no deodorant7 p4 #ahc3 inv>ably to inv>iably 7casual visitors almo/ inv>iably (f5d7 p4 #ahi3 nurti5ts to nutri5ts 7pancreatic juice acts ^u all ?ree nutri5ts7 p4 #aie3 soli$ to soil$ 7is always sup]ior to soil$ l9547 p4 #bje3 appy to apply 7apply ev5 m /rongly to us+ pat5t m$ic9es47 p4 #baa3 #aff to #agf 7! directions on page #agf47 p4 #baf3 selz] to seltz] 7seltz] ap]i5t7 p4 #bbf3 slighe/ to slighte/ 7!re is ! slighte/ possibility ( scald+7 p4 #bbg3 accid5tly to accid5tally 7see t ! swit* is n accid5tally7 p4 #bbh3 coh]s to coh]es 7:5 ! mixture coh]es7 p4 #bbi3 anno9t to ano9t 7ano9t x ) vasel9e7 p4 #bcc3 di*>ge to dis*>ge 7,if !re is dis*>ge f ! eye17 p4 #bdb3 *\ld to %\ld 7visitors %\ld be rigidly7 p4 #bde3 himelf to himself 7safegu>d ! pati5t himself47 ,table betwe5 pp4 #bdf-bdg3 diappe>ance to disappe>ance 7,two weeks aft] onset & "o week aft] disappe>ance7 ,table betwe5 pp4 #bdf-bdg3 pa-pati5t to pati5t 7aft] *ild la/ saw pati5t47 p4 #bej3 ,if to ,x 7,x may be necess>y to provide two b$pans7 p4 #bff3 #baf to #aic 7discuss$ on pages #aic & #eb47 p4 #bhj3 ett] to bett] 7no bett] place7 p4 #cjj3 att5om1 to att5tion 7con/ant att5tion mu/ be giv57 p4 #cjj3 rotion to room1 7hygi5e ( ! sick room17 p4 #cja3 salutory to salut>y 7mak+ ! salut>y small adju/m5ts7 p4 #cjh3 qu]el\s to qu]ul\s 7sometimes become qu]ul\s7 p4 #cbi3 ,putrify+ to ,putrefy+ 7,putrefy+ or decompos+7 p4 #cca3 b$-cradles to b$ cradles 7,index sub-entry1 "u ,appliances7 p4 #cca3 ,b$-cradles to ,b$ cradles 7,index entry7 p4 #cca3 ,b$-sores to ,b$ sores 7,index entry7 p4 #cca3 ,bru%burn to ,bru% burn 7,index entry7 p4 #ccb3 ,foot-ba? to ,foot ba? 7,index entry7 p4 #ccc3 ,microrganisms to ,microorganisms 7,index entry7 p4 #ccc3 ,pre-natal to ,pr5atal 7,index entry7 p4 #ccd3 oss to loss 7,index entry = ,weight1 loss (7 ,a fold-out table 0 fac+ p4 #bdg 9 ! orig9al book4 ,= ! pla9 text v]sions1 x has be5 split into sev]al small] tables1 ) ! ,,disease column repeat$ 9 ea* section4 ,9 ! ?ird section1 ,,poliomyelitis has be5 hyph5at$ 7,,polio-,,myelitis7 to save space4 ,! footnote p]ta9+ to ! table is imm$iately aft] x1 n at ! end ( ! *apt] z usual4