,,eureka3 ,a ,,prose ,,poem4 ,,by ,,edg> ,a4 ,,poe4 ,,new-,,york3 ,,geo4 ,p4 ,,putnam1 ,,( ,,late ,,firm ,,( 8,,wiley ,,putnam10 #aee ,,broadway4 ,,mdcccxlviii4 ,,ent]$1 accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahdh1 ,,by ,,edg> ,a4 ,,poe1 ,9 ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt = ! ,s\!rn ,di/rict ( ,new-,york4 ,,leavitt1 ,,tr[ ,,co ,prs41 #cc ,ann-/reet4 ,,) ,,v ,,pr(\nd ,,respect1 ,?is ,"w is ,d$icat$ ,,to ,,alex&] ,,von ,,humboldt4 ,,preface4 ,to ! few :o love me & :om ,i love--to ^? :o feel r ?an to ^? :o ?9k--to ! dream]s & ^? :o put fai? 9 dreams z 9 ! only realities--,i (f] ?is ,book ( ,tru?s1 n 9 its "* ( ,tru?-,tell]1 b = ! ,beauty t ab\nds 9 its ,tru?2 con/itut+ x true4 ,to ^! ,i pres5t ! composition z an ,art-,product alone3--let u say z a ,romance2 or1 if ,i be n urg+ too l(ty a claim1 z a ,poem4 ,:at ,i "h prop\nd is true3--!re=e x _c die3--or if by any means x be n[ trodd5 d[n s t x die1 x w 8rise aga9 to ! ,life ,ev]la/+40 ,nev]!less x is z a ,poem only t ,i wi% ?is "w to be judg$ aft] ,i am dead4 ,e4 ,a4 ,p4 ,,eureka3 ,,an ,,essay ,,on ,,! ,,mat]ial ,,& ,,spiritual ,,univ]se4 ,x is ) humility really unassum$--x is ) a s5tim5t ev5 ( awe--t ,i p5 ! op5+ s5t5ce ( ?is "w3 = ( all conceivable subjects ,i approa* ! read] ) ! mo/ solemn--! mo/ compreh5sive--! mo/ difficult--! mo/ augu/4 ,:at t]ms %all ,i f9d suffici5tly simple 9 _! sublimity--suffici5tly sublime 9 _! simplicity--= ! m]e enunciation ( my !me8 ,i design to speak ( ! ,physical1 ,metaphysical & ,ma!matical--( ! ,mat]ial & ,spiritual ,univ]se3--( its ,ess5ce1 its ,orig91 its ,creation1 its ,pres5t ,condition & its ,de/9y4 ,i %all be s ra%1 moreov]1 z to *all5ge ! conclusions1 & ?us1 9 effect1 to "q ! sagacity1 ( _m ( ! greate/ & mo/ ju/ly rev]5c$ ( m54 ,9 ! beg9n+1 let me z di/9ctly z possible ann\nce--n ! !orem :i* ,i hope to demon/rate--=1 :atev] ! ma!maticians may ass]t1 !re is1 9 ?is _w at lea/1 no su* ?+ z demon/ration--b ! rul+ idea :i*1 ?r\gh\t ?is volume1 ,i %all be cont9ually endeavor+ to sugge/4 ,my g5]al proposition1 !n1 is ?is3--,9 ! ,orig9al ,unity ( ! ,fir/ ,?+ lies ! ,second>y ,cause ( ,all ,?+s1 ) ! ,g]m ( _! ,inevitable ,annihilation4 ,9 illu/ration ( ?is idea1 ,i propose to take su* a survey ( ! ,univ]se t ! m9d may be able really to receive & to p]ceive an individual impression4 ,he :o f ! top ( tna ca/s 8 eyes leisurely ar\nd1 is affect$ *iefly by ! ext5t & div]sity ( ! sc5e4 ,only by a rapid :irl+ on 8 heel c\ld he hope to compreh5d ! panorama 9 ! sublimity ( its on5ess4 ,b z1 on ! summit ( tna1 no man has ?\ght ( :irl+ on 8 heel1 s no man has ev] tak5 into 8 bra9 ! full uniqu5ess ( ! prospect2 & s1 aga91 :atev] consid]ations lie involv$ 9 ?is uniqu5ess1 h z yet no practical exi/5ce = mank9d4 ,i d n "k a treatise 9 :i* a survey ( ! ,univ]se--us+ ! ^w 9 its mo/ compreh5sive & only legitimate acceptation--is tak5 at all3--& x may be z well "h to m5tion t by ! t]m 8,univ]se10 :]ev] employ$ )\t qualification 9 ?is essay1 ,i mean to designate ! utmo/ conceivable expanse ( space1 ) all ?+s1 spiritual & mat]ial1 t c be imag9$ to exi/ )9 ! compass ( t expanse4 ,9 speak+ ( :at is ord9>ily impli$ by ! expression1 8,univ]se10 ,i %all take a phrase ( limitation--8! ,univ]se ( />s40 ,:y ?is di/9ction is consid]$ necess>y1 w be se5 9 ! sequel4 ,b ev5 ( treatises on ! really limit$1 al?\gh always assum$ z ! unlimit$1 ,univ]se ( />s1 ,i "k none 9 :i* a survey1 ev5 ( ?is limit$ ,univ]se1 is s tak5 z to w>rant d$uctions f its individuality4 ,! ne>e/ approa* to su* a "w is made 9 ! 8,cosmos0 ( ,alex&] ,von ,humboldt4 ,he pres5ts ! subject1 h[ev]1 n 9 its individuality b 9 its g5]ality4 ,8 !me1 9 its la/ result1 is ! law ( ea* portion ( ! m]ely physical ,univ]se1 z ?is law is relat$ to ! laws ( e o!r portion ( ?is m]ely physical ,univ]se4 ,8 design is simply synretical4 ,9 a ^w1 he discusses ! univ]sality ( mat]ial relation1 & discloses to ! eye ( ,philosophy :atev] inf]5ces h hi!rto la9 hidd5 beh9d ?is univ]sality4 ,b h[ev] admirable be ! succ9ctness ) :i* he has treat$ ea* p>ticul> po9t ( 8 topic1 ! m]e multiplicity ( ^! po9ts occasions1 necess>ily1 an am\nt ( detail1 & ?us an involution ( idea1 :i* precludes all individuality ( impression4 ,x seems to me t1 9 aim+ at ?is latt] effect1 &1 ?r\gh x1 at ! consequ5ces--! conclusions--! sugge/ions--! speculations--or1 if no?+ bett] (f] itself ! m]e guesses :i* may result f x--we require some?+ l a m5tal gyration on ! heel4 ,we ne$ s rapid a revolution ( all ?+s ab\t ! c5tral po9t ( sight t1 :ile ! m9uti vani% altoge!r1 ev5 ! m conspicu\s objects become bl5d$ into "o4 ,among ! vani%+ m9uti1 9 a survey ( ?is k9d1 w\ld be all exclusively t]re/rial matt]s4 ,! ,e>? w\ld be consid]$ 9 its planet>y relations alone4 ,a man1 9 ?is view1 becomes mank9d2 mank9d a memb] ( ! cosmical family ( ,intellig5ces4 ,& n[1 be=e proce$+ to our subject prop]1 let me beg ! read]'s att5tion to an extract or two f a some:at rem>kable lett]1 :i* appe>s to h be5 f\nd cork$ 9 a bottle & float+ on ! ,m>e ,t5ebr>um--an ocean well describ$ by ! ,nubian geograph]1 ,ptolemy ,hephe/ion1 b little frequ5t$ 9 mod]n days unless by ! ,transc5d5tali/s & "s o!r div]s = crot*ets4 ,! date ( ?is lett]1 ,i confess1 surprises me ev5 m p>ticul>ly ?an its cont5ts2 = x seems to h be5 writt5 9 ! ye> two ?\s& eight hundr$ & =ty-eight4 ,z = ! passages ,i am ab\t to transcribe1 !y1 ,i fancy1 w speak = !mselves4 8,d y "k1 my de> fri5d10 says ! writ]1 address+1 no d\bt1 a contempor>y--8,d y "k t x is sc>cely m ?an eight or n9e hundr$ ye>s ago s9ce ! metaphysicians fir/ cons5t$ to relieve ! p ( ! s+ul> fancy t !re exi/ b two practicable roads to ,tru?8 ,believe x if y c6 ,x appe>s1 h[ev]1 t long1 long ago1 9 ! night ( ,"t1 !re liv$ a ,turki% philosoph] call$ ,aries & surnam$ ,tottle40 ,"h1 possibly1 ! lett]-writ] means ,ari/otle2 ! be/ names are wret*$ly corrupt$ 9 two or ?ree ?\s& ye>s4 8,! fame ( ?is great man dep5d$ ma9ly ^u 8 demon/ration t sneez+ is a natural provision1 by means ( :i* ov]-pr(\nd ?9k]s are enabl$ to expel sup]flu\s ideas ?r\gh ! nose2 b he obta9$ a sc>cely less valuable celebrity z ! f\nd]1 or at all ev5ts z ! pr9cipal propagator1 ( :at 0 t]m$ ! deductive or priori philosophy4 ,he />t$ ) :at he ma9ta9$ to be axioms1 or self-evid5t tru?s3--& ! n[ well und]/ood fact t no tru?s are self-evid5t1 really does n make 9 ! slighte/ degree aga9/ 8 speculations3--x 0 suffici5t = 8 purpose t ! tru?s 9 "q 7 evid5t at all4 ,f axioms he proce$$1 logically1 to results4 ,8 mo/ illu/ri\s disciples 7 "o ,tuclid1 a geometrician10 mean+ ,euclid 8& "o ,kant1 a ,dut*man1 ! orig9ator ( t species ( ,transc5d5talism :i*1 ) ! *ange m]ely ( a ,c = a ,k1 n[ be>s 8 peculi> "n4 8,well1 ,aries ,tottle fl\ri%$ supreme1 until ! adv5t ( "o ,hog1 surnam$ #8! ,ettrick %eph]d1' :o prea*$ an entirely diff]5t sy/em1 :i* he call$ ! po/]iori or 9ductive4 ,8 plan ref]r$ altoge!r to s5sation4 ,he proce$$ by obs]v+1 analyz+1 & classify+ facts--in/anti ,natur1 z !y 7 some:at affect$ly call$--& arrang+ !m into g5]al laws4 ,9 a ^w1 :ile ! mode ( ,aries re/$ on n\m5a1 t ( ,hog dep5d$ on ph5om5a2 & s great 0 ! admiration excit$ by ?is latt] sy/em t1 at its fir/ introduction1 ,aries fell into g5]al disrepute4 ,f9ally1 h[ev]1 he recov]$ gr\nd1 & 0 p]mitt$ to divide ! empire ( ,philosophy ) 8 m mod]n rival3--! savans cont5t+ !mselves ) proscrib+ all o!r competitors1 pa/1 pres5t1 & to come2 putt+ an end to all controv]sy on ! topic by ! promulgation ( a ,m$ian law1 to ! effect t ! ,ari/otelian & ,baconian roads are1 & ( "r ought to be1 ! solo possible av5ues to k3--#8,baconian1' y mu/ "k1 my de> fri5d10 adds ! lett]-writ] at ?is po9t1 80 an adjective inv5t$ z equival5t to ,hog-ian1 & at ! same "t m dignifi$ & euphoni\s4 8,n[ ,i d assure y mo/ positively0--proce$s ! epi/le--8t ,i repres5t ^! matt]s fairly2 & y c easily und]/& h[ re/rictions s absurd on _! v face mu/ h op]at$1 9 ^? days1 to ret>d ! progress ( true ,sci5ce1 :i* makes its mo/ important advances--z all ,hi/ory w %[--by seem+ly intuitive leaps4 ,^! anci5t ideas conf9$ inve/igation to crawl+2 & ,i ne$ n sugge/ to y t crawl+1 among v>ieties ( locomotion1 is a v capital ?+ ( its k9d2--b because ! tortoise is sure ( foot1 = ?is reason mu/ we clip ! w+s ( ! eagles8 ,= _m c5turies1 s great 0 ! infatuation1 ab\t ,hog especially1 t a virtual /op 0 put to all ?9k+1 prop]ly s call$4 ,no man d>$ utt] a tru? = :i* he felt himself indebt$ to 8 s\l alone4 ,x matt]$ n :e!r ! tru? 0 ev5 demon/rably su*2 = ! dogmatiz+ philosoph]s ( t epo* reg>d$ only ! road by :i* x pr(ess$ to h be5 atta9$4 ,! end1 ) !m1 0 a po9t ( no mom5t1 :atev]3--#8! means6' !y vocif]at$--#8let u look at ! means6'--& if1 on scrut9y ( ! means1 x 0 f\nd to come nei!r "u ! category ,hog1 nor "u ! category ,aries 7:i* means ram71 :y !n ! savans w5t no f>!r1 b1 call+ ! ?9k] a fool & br&+ him a #8!ori/1' w\ld nev]1 !nce=w>d1 h any ?+ to d ei!r ) him or ) 8 tru?s4 8,n[1 my de> fri5d10 cont9ues ! lett]-writ]1 8x _c be ma9ta9$ t by ! crawl+ sy/em1 exclusively adopt$1 m5 w\ld arrive at ! maximum am\nt ( tru?1 ev5 9 any long s]ies ( ages2 = ! repression ( imag9ation 0 an evil n to be c\nt]balanc$ ev5 by absolute c]ta9ty 9 ! snail processes4 ,b _! c]ta9ty 0 v f> f absolute4 ,! error ( our prog5itors 0 q analog\s ) t ( ! wiseacre :o fancies he mu/ necess>ily see an object ! m di/9ctly1 ! m closely he holds x to 8 eyes4 ,!y bl9d$ !mselves1 too1 ) ! impalpable1 titillat+ ,scot* snuff ( detail2 & ?us ! boa/$ facts ( ! ,hog-ites 7 by no means always facts--a po9t ( little importance b = ! assumption t !y always 74 ,! vital ta9t1 h[ev]1 9 ,baconianism--its mo/ lam5table f\nt ( error--lay 9 its t5d5cy to ?r[ p[] & consid]ation into ! h&s ( m]ely p]ceptive m5--( ^? int]-,tritonic m9n[s1 ! microscopical savans--! digg]s & p$l]s ( m9ute facts1 = ! mo/ "p 9 physical sci5ce--facts all ( :i* !y retail$ at ! same price ^u ! highway2 _! value dep5d+1 x 0 suppos$1 simply ^u ! fact ( _! fact1 )\t ref]5ce to _! applicability or inapplicability 9 ! developm5t ( ^? ultimate & only legitimate facts1 call$ ,law4 8,?an ! p]sons0--! lett] goes on to say--8,?an ! p]sons ?us sudd5ly elevat$ by ! ,hog-ian philosophy into a /ation = :i* !y 7 unfitt$--?us transf]r$ f ! scull]ies into ! p>lors ( ,sci5ce--f its pantries into its pulpits--?an ^! individuals a m intol]ant--a m intol]able set ( bigots & tyrants nev] exi/$ on ! face ( ! e>?4 ,_! cre$1 _! text & _! s]mon 71 alike1 ! "o ^w #8fact'--b1 = ! mo/ "p1 ev5 ( ?is "o ^w1 !y knew n ev5 ! mean+4 ,on ^? :o v5tur$ to di/urb _! facts ) ! view ( putt+ !m 9 ord] & to use1 ! disciples ( ,hog _h no m]cy :atev]4 ,all attempts at g5]alization 7 met at once by ! words #8!oretical1' #8!ory1' #8!ori/'--all ?\ght1 to be brief1 0 v prop]ly res5t$ z a p]sonal affront to !mselves4 ,cultivat+ ! natural sci5ces to ! exclusion ( ,metaphysics1 ! ,ma!matics1 & ,logic1 _m ( ^! ,bacon-eng5d]$ philosoph]s--"o-idead1 "o-sid$ & lame ( a leg--7 m wret*$ly helpless--m mis]ably ignorant1 9 view ( all ! compreh5sible objects ( k1 ?an ! v]ie/ unlett]$ h9d :o proves t he kn[s some?+ at lea/1 9 admitt+ t he kn[s absolutely no?+4 8,nor _h our =efa!rs any bett] "r to talk ab\t c]ta9ty1 :5 pursu+1 9 bl9d confid5ce1 ! priori pa? ( axioms1 or ( ! ,ram4 ,at innum]able po9ts ?is pa? 0 sc>cely z /raight z a ram's-horn4 ,! simple tru? is1 t ! ,ari/otelians erect$ _! ca/les ^u a basis f> less reliable ?an air2 = no su* ?+s z axioms ev] exi/$ or c possibly exi/ at all4 ,?is !y mu/ h be5 v bl9d1 inde$1 n to see1 or at lea/ to suspect2 =1 ev5 9 _! own day1 _m ( _! long-admitt$ #8axioms' _h be5 ab&on$3--#8ex nihilo nihil fit1' = example1 & a #8?+ _c act :]e x is n1' & #8!re _c be antipodes1' & #8d>kness _c proce$ f light4' ,^! & num]\s simil> propositions =m]ly accept$1 )\t hesitation1 z axioms1 or und5iable tru?s1 71 ev5 at ! p]iod ( :i* ,i speak1 se5 to be altoge!r unt5able3--h[ absurd 9 ^! p1 !n1 to p]si/ 9 rely+ ^u a basis1 z immutable1 ^: mutability _h become s repeat$ly manife/6 8,b1 ev5 ?r\gh evid5ce af=d$ by !mselves aga9/ !mselves1 x is easy to convict ^! priori reason]s ( ! grosse/ unreason--x is easy to %[ ! futility--! impalpability ( _! axioms 9 g5]al4 ,i h n[ ly+ be=e me0--x w be obs]v$ t we /ill proce$ ) ! lett]--8,i h n[ ly+ be=e me a book pr9t$ ab\t a ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,pundit assures me t x is decid$ly ! clev]e/ anci5t "w on its topic1 :i* is #8,logic4' ,! au?or1 :o 0 mu* e/eem$ 9 8 day1 0 "o ,mill]1 or ,mill2 & we f9d x record$ ( him1 z a po9t ( "s importance1 t he rode a mill-horse :om he call$ ,j]emy ,b5?am3--b let u glance at ! volume itself6 8,ah6--#8,ability or inability to conceive1' says ,mr4 ,mill v prop]ly1 #8is 9 no case to be receiv$ z a crit]ion ( axiomatic tru?4' ,n[1 t ?is is a palpable truism no "o 9 8 s5ses w d5y4 ,n to admit ! proposition1 is to ins9uate a *>ge ( v>iability 9 ,tru? itself1 ^: v title is a synonym ( ! ,/eadfa/4 ,if ability to conceive be tak5 z a crit]ion ( ,tru?1 !n a tru? to ,david ,hume w\ld v seldom be a tru? to ,joe2 & n9ety-n9e hundr$?s ( :at is und5iable 9 ,heav5 w\ld be demon/rable falsity ^u ,e>?4 ,! proposition ( ,mr4 ,mill1 !n1 is su/a9$4 ,i w n grant x to be an axiom2 & ?is m]ely because ,i am %[+ t no axioms exi/2 b1 ) a di/9ction :i* c\ld n h be5 cavill$ at ev5 by ,mr4 ,mill himself1 ,i am ready to grant t1 if an axiom !re be1 !n ! proposition ( :i* we speak has ! fulle/ "r to be consid]$ an axiom--t no m absolute axiom is--&1 consequ5tly1 t any subsequ5t proposition :i* %all conflict ) ?is "o prim>ily advanc$1 mu/ be ei!r a falsity 9 itself--t is to say no axiom--or1 if admitt$ axiomatic1 mu/ at once neutralize bo? itself & its pr$ecessor4 8,& n[1 by ! logic ( _! own prop\nd]1 let u proce$ to te/ any "o ( ! axioms prop\nd$4 ,let u give ,mr4 ,mill ! faire/ ( play4 ,we w br+ ! po9t to no ord9>y issue4 ,we w select = inve/igation no common-place axiom--no axiom ( :at1 n ! less prepo/]\sly because only impli$ly1 he t]ms 8 second>y class--z if a positive tru? by def9ition c\ld be ei!r m or less positively a tru?3--we w select1 ,i say1 no axiom ( an unque/ionability s que/ionable z is to be f\nd 9 ,euclid4 ,we w n talk1 = example1 ab\t su* propositions z t two /raight l9es _c enclose a space1 or t ! :ole is great] ?an any "o ( its p>ts4 ,we w af=d ! logician e advantage4 ,we w come at once to a proposition :i* he reg>ds z ! acme ( ! unque/ionable--z ! qu9tess5ce ( axiomatic und5iability4 ,"h x is3--#8,contradictions _c bo? be true--t is1 _c cexi/ 9 nature4' ,"h ,mr4 ,mill means1 = in/ance1--& ,i give ! mo/ =cible in/ance conceivable--t a tree mu/ be ei!r a tree or n a tree--t x _c be at ! same "t a tree & n a tree3--all :i* is q reasonable ( itself & w answ] rem>kably well z an axiom1 until we br+ x into collation ) an axiom insi/$ ^u a few pages be=e--9 o!r words--words :i* ,i h previ\sly employ$--until we te/ x by ! logic ( its own prop\nd]4 #8,a tree1' ,mr4 ,mill ass]ts1 #8mu/ be ei!r a tree or n a tree4' ,v well3--& n[ let me ask him1 :y4 ,to ?is little qu]y !re is b "o response3--,i defy any man liv+ to inv5t a second4 ,! sole answ] is ?is3--#8,because we f9d x impossible to conceive t a tree c be any ?+ else ?an a tree or n a tree4' ,?is1 ,i repeat1 is ,mr4 ,mill's sole answ]3--he w n pret5d to sugge/ ano!r3--& yet1 by 8 own %[+1 8 answ] is cle>ly no answ] at all2 = has he n already requir$ u to admit1 z an axiom1 t ability or inability to conceive is 9 no case to be tak5 z a crit]ion ( axiomatic tru?8 ,?us all--absolutely all 8 argum5tation is at sea )\t a rudd]4 ,let x n be urg$ t an exception f ! g5]al rule is to be made1 9 cases :]e ! #8impossibility to conceive' is s peculi>ly great z :5 we are call$ ^u to conceive a tree bo? a tree & n a tree4 ,let no attempt1 ,i say1 be made at urg+ ?is sotticism2 =1 9 ! fir/ place1 !re are no degrees ( #8impossibility1' & ?us no "o impossible conception c be m peculi>ly impossible ?an ano!r impossible conception3--9 ! second place1 ,mr4 ,mill himself1 no d\bt aft] ?or\gh delib]ation1 has mo/ di/9ctly1 & mo/ rationally1 exclud$ all opportunity = exception1 by ! emphasis ( 8 proposition1 t1 9 no case1 is ability or inability to conceive1 to be tak5 z a crit]ion ( axiomatic tru?3--9 ! ?ird place1 ev5 7 exceptions admissible at all1 x rema9s to be %[n h[ any exception is admissible "h4 ,t a tree c be bo? a tree & n a tree1 is an idea :i* ! angels1 or ! devils1 may ent]ta91 & :i* no d\bt _m an e>?ly ,b$lamite1 or ,transc5d5tali/1 does4 8,n[ ,i d n qu>rel ) ^! anci5ts10 cont9ues ! lett]-writ]1 8s mu* on acc\nt ( ! transp>5t frivolity ( _! logic--:i*1 to be pla91 0 baseless1 wor?less & fanta/ic altoge!r--z on acc\nt ( _! pomp\s & infatuate proscription ( all o!r roads to ,tru? ?an ! two n>r[ & crook$ pa?s--! "o ( creep+ & ! o!r ( crawl+--to :i*1 9 _! ignorant p]v]sity1 !y h d>$ to conf9e ! ,s\l--! ,s\l :i* loves no?+ s well z to so> 9 ^? regions ( illimitable intuition :i* are utt]ly incognizant ( #8pa?4' 8,by ! bye1 my de> fri5d1 is x n an evid5ce ( ! m5tal slav]y entail$ ^u ^? bigot$ p by _! ,hogs & ,rams1 t 9 spite ( ! et]nal prat+ ( _! savans ab\t roads to ,tru?1 none ( !m fell1 ev5 by accid5t1 into :at we n[ s di/9ctly p]ceive to be ! broade/1 ! /raighte/ & mo/ available ( all m]e roads--! great ?or\ghf>e--! maje/ic highway ( ! ,consi/5t8 ,is x n wond]ful t !y %\ld h fail$ to d$uce f ! works ( ,god ! vitally mom5t\s consid]ation t a p]fect consi/5cy c be no?+ b an absolute tru?8 ,h[ pla9--h[ rapid our progress s9ce ! late ann\ncem5t ( ?is proposition6 ,by its means1 inve/igation has be5 tak5 out ( ! h&s ( ! gr\nd-moles1 & giv5 z a duty1 r ?an z a task1 to ! true--to ! only true ?9k]s--to ! g5]ally-educat$ m5 ( ard5t imag9ation4 ,^! latt]--our ,kepl]s--our ,laplaces--#8speculate'--#8!orize'--^! are ! t]ms--c y n fancy ! %\t ( scorn ) :i* !y w\ld be receiv$ by our prog5itors1 7 x possible = !m to be look+ ov] my %\ld]s z ,i write8 ,! ,kepl]s1 ,i repeat1 speculate--!orize--& _! !ories are m]ely correct$--r$uc$--sift$--cle>$1 little by little1 ( _! *aff ( inconsi/5cy--until at l5g? !re /&s app>5t an un5cumb]$ ,consi/5cy--a consi/5cy :i* ! mo/ /olid admit--because x is a consi/5cy--to be an absolute & an unque/ionable ,tru?4 8,i h (t5 ?\ght1 my fri5d1 t x mu/ h puzzl$ ^! dogmaticians ( a ?\s& ye>s ago1 to det]m9e1 ev51 by :i* ( _! two boa/$ roads x is t ! cryptographi/ atta9s ! solution ( ! m complicate cyph]s--or by :i* ( !m ,*ampollion guid$ mank9d to ^? important & innum]able tru?s :i*1 = s _m c5turies1 h la9 entomb$ amid ! phonetical hi]oglyphics ( ,egypt4 ,9 especial1 w\ld x n h giv5 ^! bigots "s tr\ble to det]m9e by :i* ( _! two roads 0 rea*$ ! mo/ mom5t\s & sublime ( all _! tru?s--! tru?--! fact ( gravitation8 ,newton d$uc$ x f ! laws ( ,kepl]4 ,kepl] admitt$ t ^! laws he guess$--^! laws ^: inve/igation disclos$ to ! greate/ ( ,briti% a/ronom]s t pr9ciple1 ! basis ( all 7exi/+7 physical pr9ciple1 9 go+ beh9d :i* we ent] at once ! nebul\s k+dom ( ,metaphysics4 ,yes6--^! vital laws ,kepl] guess$--t is to say1 he imag9$ !m4 ,_h he be5 ask$ to po9t out ei!r ! deductive or 9ductive r\te by :i* he atta9$ !m1 8 reply might h be5--#8,i "k no?+ ab\t r\tes--b ,i d "k ! ma*9]y ( ! ,univ]se4 ,"h x is4 ,i grasp$ x ) my s\l--,i rea*$ x ?r\gh m]e d9t ( intuition4' ,alas1 poor ignorant old man6 ,c\ld n any metaphysician h told him t :at he call$ #8intuition' 0 b ! conviction result+ f deductions or 9ductions ( :i* ! processes 7 s %ad[y z to h escap$ 8 consci\sness1 elud$ 8 reason1 or bidd5 defiance to 8 capacity ( expression8 ,h[ great a pity x is t "s #8moral philosoph]' _h n enlight5$ him ab\t all ?is6 ,h[ x w\ld h com=t$ him on 8 dea?-b$ to "k t1 in/ead ( hav+ gone intuitively & ?us unbecom+ly1 he _h1 9 fact1 proce$$ decor\sly & legitimately--t is to say ,hog-i%ly1 or at lea/ ,ram-i%ly--into ! va/ halls :]e lay gleam+1 unt5d$1 & hi!rto unt\*$ by mortal h&--unse5 by mortal eye--! imp]i%able & priceless secrets ( ! ,univ]se6 8,yes1 ,kepl] 0 ess5tially a !ori/2 b ?is title1 n[ ( s mu* sanctity1 01 9 ^? anci5t days1 a designation ( supreme contempt4 ,x is only n[ t m5 beg9 to appreciate t div9e old man--to sympa?ize ) ! prophetical & poetical rhapsody ( 8 ev]-memorable words4 ,= my "p10 cont9ues ! unkn[n correspond5t1 8,i gl[ ) a sacr$ fire :5 ,i ev5 ?9k ( !m1 & feel t ,i %all nev] gr[ we>y ( _! repetition3--9 conclud+ ?is lett]1 let me h ! real pleasure ( transcrib+ !m once aga93--#8,i c>e n :e!r my "w be read n[ or by po/]ity4 ,i c af=d to wait a c5tury = read]s :5 ,god himself has wait$ six ?\s& ye>s = an obs]v]4 ,i triumph4 ,i h /ol5 ! gold5 secret ( ! ,egyptians4 ,i w indulge my sacr$ fury4'0 ,"h end my quotations f ?is v unacc\ntable &1 p]haps1 some:at imp]t95t epi/le2 & p]haps x w\ld be folly to comm5t1 9 any respect1 ^u ! *im]ical1 n to say revolution>y1 fancies ( ! writ]--:oev] he is--fancies s radically at w> ) ! well-consid]$ & well-settl$ op9ions ( ?is age4 ,let u proce$1 !n1 to our legitimate !sis1 ,! ,univ]se4 ,?is !sis admits a *oice betwe5 two modes ( discussion3--,we may zc5d or desc5d4 ,beg9n+ at our own po9t ( view--at ! ,e>? on :i* we /&--we may pass to ! o!r planets ( our sy/em--!nce to ! ,sun--!nce to our sy/em consid]$ collectively--& !nce1 ?r\gh o!r sy/ems1 indef9itely outw>ds2 or1 comm5c+ on high at "s po9t z def9ite z we c make x or conceive x1 we may come d[n to ! habitation ( ,man4 ,usually--t is to say1 9 ord9>y essays on ,a/ronomy--! fir/ ( ^! two modes is1 ) c]ta9 res]vation1 adopt$3--?is = ! obvi\s reason t a/ronomical facts1 m]ely1 & pr9ciples1 be+ ! object1 t object is be/ fulfill$ 9 /epp+ f ! kn[n because proximate1 gradually onw>d to ! po9t :]e all c]titude becomes lo/ 9 ! remote4 ,= my pres5t purpose1 h[ev]1--t ( enabl+ ! m9d to take 91 z if f af> & at "o glance1 a di/9ct conception ( ! individual ,univ]se--x is cle> t a desc5t to small f great--to ! outskirts f ! c5tre 7if we c\ld e/abli% a c5tre7--to ! end f ! beg9n+ 7if we c\ld fancy a beg9n+7 w\ld be ! pref]able c\rse1 b = ! difficulty1 if n impossibility1 ( pres5t+1 9 ?is c\rse1 to ! una/ronomical1 a picture at all compreh5sible 9 reg>d to su* consid]ations z are involv$ 9 quantity--t is to say1 9 numb]1 magnitude & di/ance4 ,n[1 di/9ctness--intelligibility1 at all po9ts1 is a prim>y feature 9 my g5]al design4 ,on important topics x is bett] to be a good deal prolix ?an ev5 a v little obscure4 ,b ab/rus5ess is a quality app]ta9+ to no subject p] se4 ,all are alike1 9 facility ( compreh5sion1 to him :o approa*es !m by prop]ly graduat$ /eps4 ,x is m]ely because a /epp+-/one1 "h & !re1 is he$lessly left unsuppli$ 9 our road to ! ,diff]5tial ,calculus1 t ?is latt] is n altoge!r z simple a ?+ z a sonnet by ,mr4 ,solomon ,seesaw4 ,by way ( admitt+1 !n1 no *ance = misappreh5sion1 ,i ?9k x advisable to proce$ z if ev5 ! m obvi\s facts ( ,a/ronomy 7 unkn[n to ! read]4 ,9 comb9+ ! two modes ( discussion to :i* ,i h ref]r$1 ,i propose to avail myself ( ! advantages peculi> to ea*--& v especially ( ! it]ation 9 detail :i* w be unavoidable z a consequ5ce ( ! plan4 ,comm5c+ ) a desc5t1 ,i %all res]ve = ! return upw>ds ^? indisp5sable consid]ations ( quantity to :i* allusion has already be5 made4 ,let u beg91 !n1 at once1 ) t m]e/ ( words1 8,inf9ity40 ,?is1 l 8,god10 8_s10 & "s o!r expressions ( :i* ! equival5ts exi/ 9 all languages1 is by no means ! expression ( an idea--b ( an ef=t at "o4 ,x /&s = ! possible attempt at an impossible conception4 ,man ne$$ a t]m by :i* to po9t out ! direction ( ?is ef=t--! cl\d beh9d :i* lay1 =ev] invisible1 ! object ( ?is attempt4 ,a ^w1 9 f9e1 0 dem&$1 by means ( :i* "o human be+ might put himself 9 relation at once ) ano!r human be+ & ) a c]ta9 t5d5cy ( ! human intellect4 ,out ( ?is dem& arose ! ^w1 8,inf9ity20 :i* is ?us ! repres5tative b ( ! ?\ght ( a ?\ght4 ,z reg>ds t inf9ity n[ consid]$--! inf9ity ( space--we (t5 he> x said t 8its idea is admitt$ by ! m9d--is acquiesc$ 9--is ent]ta9$--on acc\nt ( ! great] difficulty :i* att5ds ! conception ( a limit40 ,b ?is is m]ely "o ( ^? phrases by :i* ev5 pr(\nd ?9k]s1 "t out ( m9d1 h occasionally tak5 pleasure 9 deceiv+ !mselves4 ,! quibble lies conceal$ 9 ! ^w 8difficulty40 8,! m9d10 we are told1 8ent]ta9s ! idea ( limitless1 ?r\gh ! great] difficulty :i* x f9ds 9 ent]ta9+ t ( limit$1 space40 ,n[1 7 ! proposition b fairly put1 its absurdity w\ld become transp>5t at once4 ,cle>ly1 !re is no m]e difficulty 9 ! case4 ,! ass]tion int5d$1 if pres5t$ accord+ to its int5tion & )\t sophi/ry1 w\ld run ?us3--8,! m9d admits ! idea ( limitless1 ?r\gh ! great] impossibility ( ent]ta9+ t ( limit$1 space40 ,x mu/ be imm$iately se5 t ?is is n a "q ( two /atem5ts betwe5 ^: respective cr$ibilities--or ( two argum5ts betwe5 ^: respective validities--! reason is call$ ^u to decide3--x is a matt] ( two conceptions1 directly conflict+1 & ea* av[$ly impossible1 "o ( :i* ! intellect is suppos$ to be capable ( ent]ta9+1 on acc\nt ( ! great] impossibility ( ent]ta9+ ! o!r4 ,! *oice is n made betwe5 two difficulties2--x is m]ely fanci$ to be made betwe5 two impossibilities4 ,n[ ( ! =m]1 !re are degrees--b ( ! latt]1 none3--j z our imp]t95t lett]-writ] has already sugge/$4 ,a task may be m or less difficult2 b x is ei!r possible or n possible3--!re are no gradations4 ,x might be m difficult to ov]?r[ ! ,&es ?an an ant-hill2 b x c be no m impossible to annihilate ! matt] ( ! "o ?an ! matt] ( ! o!r4 ,a man may jump t5 feet ) less difficulty ?an he c jump tw5ty1 b ! impossibility ( 8 leap+ to ! moon is n a :it less ?an t ( 8 leap+ to ! dog-/>4 ,s9ce all ?is is und5iable3 s9ce ! *oice ( ! m9d is to be made betwe5 impossibilities ( conception3 s9ce "o impossibility _c be great] ?an ano!r3 & s9ce1 ?us1 "o _c be pref]r$ to ano!r3 ! philosoph]s :o n only ma9ta91 on ! gr\nds m5tion$1 man's idea ( inf9ity b1 on acc\nt ( su* supposititi\s idea1 inf9ity itself--are pla9ly engag$ 9 demon/rat+ "o impossible ?+ to be possible by %[+ h[ x is t "s "o o!r ?+--is impossible too4 ,?is1 x w be said1 is nons5se2 & p]haps x is3--inde$ ,i ?9k x v capital nons5se--b =ego all claim to x z nons5se ( m9e4 ,! readie/ mode1 h[ev]1 ( display+ ! fallacy ( ! philosophical argum5t on ?is "q1 is by simply adv]t+ to a fact respect+ x :i* has be5 hi!rto q ov]look$--! fact t ! argum5t allud$ to bo? proves & disproves its own proposition4 8,! m9d is impell$10 say ! !ologians & o!rs1 8to admit a ,fir/ ,cause1 by ! sup]ior difficulty x exp]i5ces 9 conceiv+ cause beyond cause )\t end40 ,! quibble1 z be=e1 lies 9 ! ^w 8difficulty0--b "h :at is x employ$ to su/a98 ,a ,fir/ ,cause4 ,& :at is a ,fir/ ,cause8 ,an ultimate t]m9ation ( causes4 ,& :at is an ultimate t]m9ation ( causes8 ,f9ity--! ,f9ite4 ,?us ! "o quibble1 9 two processes1 by ,god kn[s h[ _m philosoph]s1 is made to support n[ ,f9ity & n[ ,inf9ity--c\ld x n be br\ght to support some?+ besides8 ,z = ! quibbl]s--!y1 at lea/1 are insupportable4 ,b--to dismiss !m3--:at !y prove 9 ! "o case is ! id5tical no?+ :i* !y demon/rate 9 ! o!r4 ,( c\rse1 no "o w suppose t ,i "h cont5d = ! absolute impossibility ( t :i* we attempt to convey 9 ! ^w 8,inf9ity40 ,my purpose is b to %[ ! folly ( endeavor+ to prove ,inf9ity itself or ev5 our conception ( x1 by any su* blund]+ ratioc9ation z t :i* is ord9>ily employ$4 ,nev]!less1 z an individual1 ,i may be p]mitt$ to say t ,i _c conceive ,inf9ity1 & am conv9c$ t no human be+ c4 ,a m9d n ?or\ghly self-consci\s--n accu/om$ to ! introspective analysis ( its own op]ations--w1 x is true1 (t5 deceive itself by suppos+ t x has ent]ta9$ ! conception ( :i* we speak4 ,9 ! ef=t to ent]ta9 x1 we proce$ /ep beyond /ep--we fancy po9t /ill beyond po9t2 & s long z we cont9ue ! ef=t1 x may be said1 9 fact1 t we are t5d+ to ! =mation ( ! idea design$2 :ile ! /r5g? ( ! impression t we actually =m or h =m$ x1 is 9 ! ratio ( ! p]iod dur+ :i* we keep up ! m5tal endeavor4 ,b x is 9 ! act ( discont9u+ ! endeavor--( fulfill+ 7z we ?9k7 ! idea--( putt+ ! f9i%+ /roke 7z we suppose7 to ! conception--t we ov]?r[ at once ! :ole fabric ( our fancy by re/+ ^u "s "o ultimate & !re=e def9ite po9t4 ,?is fact1 h[ev]1 we fail to p]ceive1 on acc\nt ( ! absolute co9cid5ce1 9 "t1 betwe5 ! settl+ d[n ^u ! ultimate po9t & ! act ( cessation 9 ?9k+4--,9 attempt+1 on ! o!r h&1 to frame ! idea ( a limit$ space1 we m]ely conv]se ! processes :i* involve ! impossibility4 ,we believe 9 a ,god4 ,we may or may n believe 9 f9ite or 9 inf9ite space2 b our belief1 9 su* cases1 is m prop]ly designat$ z fai?1 & is a matt] q di/9ct f t belief prop]--f t intellectual belief--:i* presupposes ! m5tal conception4 ,! fact is1 t1 ^u ! enunciation ( any "o ( t class ( t]ms to :i* 8,inf9ity0 belongs--! class repres5t+ ?\ghts ( ?\ght--he :o has a "r to say t he ?9ks at all1 feels himself call$ ^u1 n to ent]ta9 a conception1 b simply to direct 8 m5tal vision t[>d "s giv5 po9t1 9 ! intellectual firmam5t1 :]e lies a nebula nev] to be resolv$4 ,to solve x1 inde$1 he makes no ef=t2 = ) a rapid in/9ct he compreh5ds1 n only ! impossibility1 b1 z reg>ds all human purposes1 ! iness5tiality1 ( its solution4 ,he p]ceives t ! ,deity has n design$ x to be solv$4 ,he sees1 at once1 t x lies out ( ! bra9 ( man1 & ev5 h[1 if n exactly :y1 x lies out ( x4 ,!re are p1 ,i am aw>e1 :o1 busy+ !mselves 9 attempts at ! unatta9able1 acquire v easily1 by d9t ( ! j>gon !y emit1 among ^? ?9k]s-t-!y-?9k ) :om d>kness & dep? are synonym\s1 a k9d ( cuttle-fi% reputation = pr(undity2 b ! f9e/ quality ( ,?\ght is its self-cognizance2 &1 ) "s little equivocation1 x may be said t no fog ( ! m9d c well be great] ?an t :i*1 ext5d+ to ! v b\nd>ies ( ! m5tal doma91 %uts out ev5 ^! b\nd>ies !mselves f compreh5sion4 ,x w n[ be und]/ood t1 9 us+ ! phrase1 8,inf9ity ( ,space10 ,i make no call ^u ! read] to ent]ta9 ! impossible conception ( an absolute inf9ity4 ,i ref] simply to ! 8utmo/ conceivable expanse0 ( space--a %ad[y & fluctuat+ doma91 n[ %r9k+1 n[ swell+1 9 accordance ) ! vacillat+ en]gies ( ! imag9ation4 ,hi!rto1 ! ,univ]se ( />s has always be5 consid]$ z co9cid5t ) ! ,univ]se prop]1 z ,i h def9$ x 9 ! comm5cem5t ( ?is ,disc\rse4 ,x has be5 always ei!r directly or indirectly assum$--at lea/ s9ce ! dawn ( intelligible ,a/ronomy--t1 7 x possible = u to atta9 any giv5 po9t 9 space1 we %\ld /ill f9d1 on all sides ( u1 an int]m9able succession ( />s4 ,?is 0 ! unt5able idea ( ,pascal :5 mak+ p]haps ! mo/ successful attempt ev] made1 at p]iphras+ ! conception = :i* we /ruggle 9 ! ^w 8,univ]se40 8,x is a sph]e10 he says1 8( :i* ! c5tre is ev]y:]e1 ! circumf]5ce1 n[h]e40 ,b al?\gh ?is int5d$ def9ition is1 9 fact1 no def9ition ( ! ,univ]se ( />s1 we may accept x1 ) "s m5tal res]vation1 z a def9ition 7rigor\s en\gh = all practical purposes7 ( ! ,univ]se prop]--t is to say1 ( ! ,univ]se ( space4 ,?is latt]1 !n1 let u reg>d z 8a sph]e ( :i* ! c5tre is ev]y:]e1 ! circumf]5ce n[h]e40 ,9 fact1 :ile we f9d x impossible to fancy an end to space1 we h no difficulty 9 pictur+ to ourselves any "o ( an inf9ity ( beg9n+s4 ,z our />t+-po9t1 !n1 let u adopt ! ,godhead4 ,( ?is ,godhead1 9 itself1 he alone is n imbecile--he alone is n impi\s :o prop\nds--no?+4 8,n\s ne connaissons ri510 says ! ,b>on de ,bielfeld--8,n\s ne connaissons ri5 de la nature ou de l'ess5ce de ,dieu3--p\r savoir ce qu'il e/1 il faut tre ,dieu mme40--8,we "k absolutely no?+ ( ! nature or ess5ce ( ,god3--9 ord] to compreh5d :at he is1 we %\ld h to be ,god ourselves40 8,we %\ld h to be ,god ourselves60--,) a phrase s />tl+ z ?is yet r++ 9 my e>s1 ,i nev]!less v5ture to dem& if ?is our pres5t ignorance ( ! ,deity is an ignorance to :i* ! s\l is ev]la/+ly condemn$4 ,by ,him1 h[ev]--n[1 at lea/1 ! ,incompreh5sible--by ,him--assum+ him z ,_s--t is to say1 z n ,matt]--a di/9ction :i*1 = all intelligible purposes1 w /& well in/ead ( a def9ition--by ,him1 !n1 exi/+ z ,_s1 let u cont5t ourselves1 to-night1 ) suppos+ to h be5 creat$1 or made out ( ,no?+1 by d9t ( 8 ,volition--at "s po9t ( ,space :i* we w take z a c5tre--at "s p]iod into :i* we d n pret5d to inquire1 b at all ev5ts imm5sely remote--by ,him1 !n aga91 let u suppose to h be5 creat$----:at8 ,?is is a vitally mom5t\s epo* 9 our consid]ations4 ,:at is x t we are ju/ifi$--t alone we are ju/ifi$ 9 suppos+ to h be51 prim>ily & solely1 creat$8 ,we h atta9$ a po9t :]e only ,intuition c aid u3--b n[ let me recur to ! idea :i* ,i h already sugge/$ z t alone :i* we c prop]ly ent]ta9 ( intuition4 ,x is b ! conviction aris+ f ^? inductions or d$uctions ( :i* ! processes are s %ad[y z to escape our consci\sness1 elude our reason1 or defy our capacity ( expression4 ,) ?is und]/&+1 ,i n[ ass]t--t an intuition altoge!r irresi/ible1 al?\gh inexpressible1 =ces me to ! conclusion t :at ,god orig9ally creat$--t t ,matt] :i*1 by d9t ( 8 ,volition1 he fir/ made f 8 ,_s1 or f ,nihility1 c\ld h be5 no?+ b ,matt] 9 its utmo/ conceivable /ate (----:at8--( ,simplicity8 ,?is w be f\nd ! sole absolute assumption ( my ,disc\rse4 ,i use ! ^w 8assumption0 9 its ord9>y s5se2 yet ,i ma9ta9 t ev5 ?is my prim>y proposition1 is v1 v f> inde$1 f be+ really a m]e assumption4 ,no?+ 0 ev] m c]ta9ly--no human conclusion 0 ev]1 9 fact1 m regul>ly--m rigor\sly deduc$3--b1 alas6 ! processes lie out ( ! human analysis--at all ev5ts are beyond ! utt]ance ( ! human tongue4 ,let u n[ endeavor to conceive :at ,matt] mu/ be1 :51 or if1 9 its absolute extreme ( ,simplicity4 ,"h ! ,reason flies at once to ,imp>ticul>ity--to a p>ticle--to "o p>ticle--a p>ticle ( "o k9d--( "o "*--( "o nature--( "o size--( "o =m--a p>ticle1 !re=e1 8)\t =m & void0--a p>ticle positively a p>ticle at all po9ts--a p>ticle absolutely unique1 individual1 undivid$1 & n indivisible only because ,he :o creat$ x1 by d9t ( 8 ,w1 c by an inf9itely less en]getic ex]cise ( ! same ,w1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 divide x4 ,on5ess1 !n1 is all t ,i pr$icate ( ! orig9ally creat$ ,matt]2 b ,i propose to %[ t ?is ,on5ess is a pr9ciple abundantly suffici5t to acc\nt = ! con/itution1 ! exi/+ phnom5a & ! pla9ly inevitable annihilation ( at lea/ ! mat]ial ,univ]se4 ,! will+ into be+ ! primordial p>ticle1 has complet$ ! act1 or m prop]ly ! conception1 ( ,creation4 ,we n[ proce$ to ! ultimate purpose = :i* we are to suppose ! ,p>ticle creat$--t is to say1 ! ultimate purpose s f> z our consid]ations yet enable u to see x--! con/itution ( ! ,univ]se f x1 ! ,p>ticle4 ,?is con/itution has be5 effect$ by =c+ ! orig9ally & !re=e normally ,"o into ! abnormal condition ( ,_m4 ,an action ( ?is "* implies raction4 ,a diffusion f ,unity1 "u ! conditions1 involves a t5d5cy to return into ,unity--a t5d5cy in]adicable until satisfi$4 ,b on ^! po9ts ,i w speak m fully h]eaft]4 ,! assumption ( absolute ,unity 9 ! primordial ,p>ticle includes t ( inf9ite divisibility4 ,let u conceive ! ,p>ticle1 !n1 to be only n totally exhau/$ by diffusion into ,space4 ,f ! "o ,p>ticle1 z a c5tre1 let u suppose to be irradiat$ sph]ically--9 all directions--to immeasurable b /ill to def9ite di/ances 9 ! previ\sly vacant space--a c]ta9 inexpressibly great yet limit$ numb] ( unimag9ably yet n inf9itely m9ute atoms4 ,n[1 ( ^! atoms1 ?us diffus$1 or ^u diffusion1 :at conditions are we p]mitt$--n to assume1 b to inf]1 f consid]ation z well ( _! s\rce z ( ! "* ( ! design app>5t 9 _! diffusion8 ,unity be+ _! s\rce1 & diff]5ce f ,unity ! "* ( ! design manife/$ 9 _! diffusion1 we are w>rant$ 9 suppos+ ?is "* to be at lea/ g5]ally pres]v$ ?r\gh\t ! design1 & to =m a portion ( ! design itself3--t is to say1 we %all be w>rant$ 9 conceiv+ cont9ual diff]5ces at all po9ts f ! uniquity & simplicity ( ! orig94 ,b1 = ^! reasons1 %all we be ju/ifi$ 9 imag9+ ! atoms het]og5e\s1 dissimil>1 unequal1 & inequidi/ant8 ,m explicitly--are we to consid] no two atoms z1 at _! diffusion1 ( ! same nature1 or ( ! same =m1 or ( ! same size8--&1 aft] fulfilm5t ( _! diffusion into ,space1 is absolute inequidi/ance1 ea* f ea*1 to be und]/ood ( all ( !m8 ,9 su* arrangem5t1 "u su* conditions1 we mo/ easily & imm$iately compreh5d ! subsequ5t mo/ feasible c>ry+ out to completion ( any su* design z t :i* ,i h sugge/$--! design ( v>iety out ( unity--div]sity out ( sam5ess--het]og5eity out ( homog5eity--complexity out ( simplicity--9 a ^w1 ! utmo/ possible multiplicity ( relation out ( ! emphatically irrelative ,"o4 ,und\bt$ly1 !re=e1 we %\ld be w>rant$ 9 assum+ all t has be5 m5tion$1 b = ! reflection1 fir/1 t sup]]ogation is n presumable ( any ,div9e ,act2 &1 secondly1 t ! object suppos$ 9 view1 appe>s z feasible :5 "s ( ! conditions 9 "q are disp5s$ )1 9 ! beg9n+1 z :5 all are und]/ood imm$iately to exi/4 ,i mean to say t "s are involv$ 9 ! re/1 or s in/antane\s a consequ5ce ( !m z to make ! di/9ction inappreciable4 ,diff]5ce ( size1 = example1 w at once be br\ght ab\t ?r\gh ! t5d5cy ( "o atom to a second1 9 pref]5ce to a ?ird1 on acc\nt ( p>ticul> inequidi/ance2 :i* is to be compreh5d$ z p>ticul> inequidi/ances betwe5 c5tres ( quantity1 9 neighbor+ atoms ( diff]5t =m--a matt] n at all int]f]+ ) ! g5]ally-equable di/ribution ( ! atoms4 ,diff]5ce ( k9d1 too1 is easily conceiv$ to be m]ely a result ( diff]5ces 9 size & =m1 tak5 m or less conjo9tly3--9 fact1 s9ce ! ,unity ( ! ,p>ticle ,prop] implies absolute homog5eity1 we _c imag9e ! atoms1 at _! diffusion1 diff]+ 9 k9d1 )\t imag9+1 at ! same "t1 a special ex]cise ( ! ,div9e ,w1 at ! emission ( ea* atom1 = ! purpose ( effect+1 9 ea*1 a *ange ( its ess5tial nature3--s fanta/ic an idea is ! less to be indulg$1 z ! object propos$ is se5 to be ?or\ghly atta9able )\t su* m9ute & elaborate int]position4 ,we p]ceive1 !re=e1 ^u ! :ole1 t x w\ld be sup]]ogatory1 & consequ5tly unphilosophical1 to pr$icate ( ! atoms1 9 view ( _! purposes1 any ?+ m ?an diff]5ce ( =m at _! disp]sion1 ) p>ticul> inequidi/ance aft] x--all o!r diff]5ces aris+ at once out ( ^!1 9 ! v fir/ processes ( mass-con/itution3--,we ?us e/abli% ! ,univ]se on a purely geometrical basis4 ,( c\rse1 x is by no means necess>y to assume absolute diff]5ce1 ev5 ( =m1 among all ! atoms irradiat$--any m ?an absolute p>ticul> inequidi/ance ( ea* f ea*4 ,we are requir$ to conceive m]ely t no neighbor+ atoms are ( simil> =m--no atoms :i* c ev] approximate1 until _! inevitable runition at ! end4 ,al?\gh ! imm$iate & p]petual t5d5cy ( ! disunit$ atoms to return into _! normal ,unity1 is impli$1 z ,i h said1 9 _! abnormal diffusion2 /ill x is cle> t ?is t5d5cy w be )\t consequ5ce--a t5d5cy & no m--until ! diffusive en]gy1 9 ceas+ to be ex]t$1 %all leave x1 ! t5d5cy1 free to seek its satisfaction4 ,! ,div9e ,act1 h[ev]1 be+ consid]$ z det]m9ate1 & discont9u$ on fulfilm5t ( ! diffusion1 we und]/&1 at once1 a raction--9 o!r words1 a satisfiable t5d5cy ( ! disunit$ atoms to return into ,"o4 ,b ! diffusive en]gy be+ )drawn1 & ! raction hav+ comm5c$ 9 fur!rance ( ! ultimate design--t ( ! utmo/ possible ,relation--?is design is n[ 9 dang] ( be+ fru/rat$1 9 detail1 by reason ( t v t5d5cy to return :i* is to effect its accompli%m5t 9 g5]al4 ,multiplicity is ! object2 b !re is no?+ to prev5t proximate atoms1 f laps+ at once1 ?r\gh ! n[ satisfiable t5d5cy--be=e ! fulfilm5t ( any ends propos$ 9 multiplicity--into absolute on5ess among !mselves3--!re is no?+ to imp$e ! aggregation ( v>i\s unique masses1 at v>i\s po9ts ( space3--9 o!r words1 no?+ to int]f]e ) ! accumulation ( v>i\s masses1 ea* absolutely ,"o4 ,= ! effectual & ?or\gh completion ( ! g5]al design1 we ?us see ! necessity = a repulsion ( limit$ capacity--a sep>ative some?+ :i*1 on )drawal ( ! diffusive ,volition1 %all at ! same "t all[ ! approa*1 & =bid ! junction1 ( ! atoms2 suff]+ !m inf9itely to approximate1 :ile d5y+ !m positive contact2 9 a ^w1 hav+ ! p[]--up to a c]ta9 epo*--( prev5t+ _! coalition1 b no ability to int]f]e ) _! coalesc5ce 9 any respect or degree4 ,! repulsion1 already consid]$ z s peculi>ly limit$ 9 o!r reg>ds1 mu/ be und]/ood1 let me repeat1 z hav+ p[] to prev5t absolute coalition1 only up to a c]ta9 epo*4 ,unless we are to conceive t ! appetite = ,unity among ! atoms is doom$ to be satisfi$ nev]2--unless we are to conceive t :at _h a beg9n+ is to h no end--a conception :i* _c really be ent]ta9$1 h[ev] mu* we may talk or dream ( ent]ta9+ x--we are =c$ to conclude t ! repulsive influ5ce imag9$1 w1 f9ally--"u pressure ( ! ,unit5d5cy collectively appli$1 b nev] & 9 no degree until1 on fulfilm5t ( ! ,div9e purposes1 su* collective application %all be naturally made--yield to a =ce :i*1 at t ultimate epo*1 %all be ! sup]ior =ce precisely to ! ext5t requir$1 & ?us p]mit ! univ]sal subsid5ce into ! inevitable1 because orig9al & !re=e normal1 ,"o4--,! conditions "h to be reconcil$ are difficult inde$3--we _c ev5 compreh5d ! possibility ( _! conciliation2--nev]!less1 ! app>5t impossibility is brilliantly sugge/ive4 ,t ! repulsive some?+ actually exi/s1 we see4 ,man nei!r employs1 nor kn[s1 a =ce suffici5t to br+ two atoms into contact4 ,?is is b ! well-e/abli%$ proposition ( ! imp5etrability ( matt]4 ,all ,exp]im5t proves--all ,philosophy admits x4 ,! design ( ! repulsion--! necessity = its exi/5ce--,i h endeavor$ to %[2 b f all attempt at inve/igat+ its nature h religi\sly ab/a9$2 ?is on acc\nt ( an intuitive conviction t ! pr9ciple at issue is /rictly spiritual--lies 9 a recess imp]vi\s to our pres5t und]/&+--lies involv$ 9 a consid]ation ( :at n[--9 our human /ate--is n to be consid]$--9 a consid]ation ( ,_s 9 itself4 ,i feel1 9 a ^w1 t "h ! ,god has int]pos$1 & "h only1 because "h & "h only ! knot dem&$ ! int]position ( ! ,god4 ,9 fact1 :ile ! t5d5cy ( ! diffus$ atoms to return into ,unity1 w be recogniz$1 at once1 z ! pr9ciple ( ! ,newtonian ,gravity1 :at ,i h spok5 ( z a repulsive influ5ce prescrib+ limits to ! 7imm$iate7 satisfaction ( ! t5d5cy1 w be und]/ood z t :i* we h be5 9 ! practice ( designat+ n[ z heat1 n[ z magnetism1 n[ z electricity2 display+ our ignorance ( its awful "* 9 ! vacillation ( ! phraseology ) :i* we endeavor to circumscribe x4 ,call+ x1 m]ely = ! mom5t1 electricity1 we "k t all exp]im5tal analysis ( electricity has giv51 z an ultimate result1 ! pr9ciple1 or seem+ pr9ciple1 het]og5eity4 ,only :]e ?+s diff] is electricity app>5t2 & x is presumable t !y nev] diff] :]e x is n develop$ at lea/1 if n app>5t4 ,n[1 ?is result is 9 ! fulle/ keep+ ) t :i* ,i h rea*$ unempirically4 ,! design ( ! repulsive influ5ce ,i h ma9ta9$ to be t ( prev5t+ imm$iate ,unity among ! diffus$ atoms2 & ^! atoms are repres5t$ z diff]5t ea* f ea*4 ,diff]5ce is _! "*--_! ess5tiality--j z no-diff]5ce 0 ! ess5tiality ( _! s\rce4 ,:5 we say1 !n1 t an attempt to br+ any two ( ^! atoms toge!r w\ld induce an ef=t1 on ! "p ( ! repulsive influ5ce1 to prev5t ! contact1 we may z well use ! /rictly conv]tible s5t5ce t an attempt to br+ toge!r any two diff]5ces w result 9 a developm5t ( electricity4 ,all exi/+ bodies1 ( c\rse1 are compos$ ( ^! atoms 9 proximate contact1 & are !re=e to be consid]$ z m]e assemblages ( m or few] diff]5ces2 & ! resi/ance made by ! repulsive _s1 on br++ toge!r any two su* assemblages1 w\ld be 9 ! ratio ( ! two sums ( ! diff]5ces 9 ea*3--an expression :i*1 :5 r$uc$1 is equival5t to ?is3--,! am\nt ( electricity develop$ on ! approximation ( two bodies1 is proportional to ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! respective sums ( ! atoms ( :i* ! bodies are compos$4 ,t no two bodies are absolutely alike1 is a simple coroll>y f all t has be5 "h said4 ,electricity1 !re=e1 exi/+ always1 is develop$ :5ev] any bodies1 b manife/$ only :5 bodies ( appreciable diff]5ce1 are br\ght into approximation4 ,to electricity--s1 = ! pres5t1 cont9u+ to call x--we may n be wrong 9 ref]r+ ! v>i\s physical appe>ances ( light1 heat & magnetism2 b f> less %all we be liable to err 9 attribut+ to ?is /rictly spiritual pr9ciple ! m important phnom5a ( vitality1 consci\sness & ,?\ght4 ,on ?is topic1 h[ev]1 ,i ne$ pause "h m]ely to sugge/ t ^! phnom5a1 :e!r obs]v$ g5]ally or 9 detail1 seem to proce$ at lea/ 9 ! ratio ( ! het]og5e\s4 ,disc>d+ n[ ! two equivocal t]ms1 8gravitation0 & 8electricity10 let u adopt ! m def9ite expressions1 8attraction0 & 8repulsion40 ,! =m] is ! body2 ! latt] ! s\l3 ! "o is ! mat]ial2 ! o!r ! spiritual1 pr9ciple ( ! ,univ]se4 ,no o!r pr9ciples exi/4 ,all phnom5a are ref]able to "o1 or to ! o!r1 or to bo? comb9$4 ,s rigor\sly is ?is ! case--s ?or\ghly demon/rable is x t attraction & repulsion are ! sole prop]ties ?r\gh :i* we p]ceive ! ,univ]se--9 o!r words1 by :i* ,matt] is manife/$ to ,m9d--t1 = all m]ely argum5tative purposes1 we are fully ju/ifi$ 9 assum+ t matt] exi/s only z attraction & repulsion--t attraction & repulsion are matt]3--!re be+ no conceivable case 9 :i* we may n employ ! t]m 8matt]0 & ! t]ms 8attraction0 & 8repulsion10 tak5 toge!r1 z equival5t1 & !re=e conv]tible1 expressions 9 ,logic4 ,i said1 j n[1 t :at ,i h describ$ z ! t5d5cy ( ! diffus$ atoms to return into _! orig9al unity1 w\ld be und]/ood z ! pr9ciple ( ! ,newtonian law ( gravity3 &1 9 fact1 !re c be little difficulty 9 su* an und]/&+1 if we look at ! ,newtonian gravity 9 a m]ely g5]al view1 z a =ce impell+ matt] to seek matt]2 t is to say1 :5 we pay no att5tion to ! kn[n modus op]&i ( ! ,newtonian =ce4 ,! g5]al co9cid5ce satisfies u2 b1 ^u look+ closely1 we see1 9 detail1 mu* t appe>s 9co9cid5t1 & mu* 9 reg>d to :i* no co9cid5ce1 at lea/1 is e/abli%$4 ,= example2 ! ,newtonian gravity1 :5 we ?9k ( x 9 c]ta9 moods1 does n seem to be a t5d5cy to on5ess at all1 b r a t5d5cy ( all bodies 9 all directions--a phrase app>5tly expressive ( a t5d5cy to diffusion4 ,"h1 !n1 is an 9co9cid5ce4 ,aga92 :5 we reflect on ! ma!matical law gov]n+ ! ,newtonian t5d5cy1 we see cle>ly t no co9cid5ce has be5 made good1 9 respect ( ! modus op]&i1 at lea/1 betwe5 gravitation z kn[n to exi/ & t seem+ly simple & direct t5d5cy :i* ,i h assum$4 ,9 fact1 ,i h atta9$ a po9t at :i* x w be advisable to /r5g!n my position by rev]s+ my processes4 ,s f>1 we h gone on priori1 f an ab/ract consid]ation ( ,simplicity1 z t quality mo/ likely to h *>act]iz$ ! orig9al action ( ,god4 ,let u n[ see :e!r ! e/abli%$ facts ( ! ,newtonian ,gravitation may n af=d u1 po/]iori1 "s legitimate inductions4 ,:at does ! ,newtonian law decl>e8--,t all bodies attract ea* o!r ) =ces proportional to _! quantities ( matt] & inv]sely proportional to ! squ>es ( _! di/ances4 ,purposely1 ,i h "h giv51 9 ! fir/ place1 ! vulg> v]sion ( ! law2 & ,i confess t 9 ?is1 z 9 mo/ o!r vulg> v]sions ( great tru?s1 we f9d little ( a sugge/ive "*4 ,let u n[ adopt a m philosophical phraseology3--,e atom1 ( e body1 attracts e o!r atom1 bo? ( its own & ( e o!r body1 ) a =ce :i* v>ies inv]sely z ! squ>es ( ! di/ances betwe5 ! attract+ & attract$ atom4--,"h1 inde$1 a flood ( sugge/ion bur/s ^u ! m9d4 ,b let u see di/9ctly :at x 0 t ,newton prov$--accord+ to ! grossly irrational def9itions ( pro( prescrib$ by ! metaphysical s*ools4 ,he 0 =c$ to cont5t himself ) %[+ h[ ?or\ghly ! motions ( an imag9>y ,univ]se1 compos$ ( attract+ & attract$ atoms ob$i5t to ! law he ann\nc$1 co9cide ) ^? ( ! actually exi/+ ,univ]se s f> z x comes "u our obs]vation4 ,?is 0 ! am\nt ( 8 demon/ration--t is to say1 ?is 0 ! am\nt ( x1 accord+ to ! conv5tional cant ( ! 8philosophies40 ,8 successes add$ pro( multipli$ by pro(--su* pro( z a s\nd intellect admits--b ! demon/ration ( ! law itself1 p]si/ ! metaphysicians1 _h n be5 /r5g!n$ 9 any degree4 8,ocul>1 physical pro(10 h[ev]1 ( attraction1 "h ^u ,e>?1 9 accordance ) ! ,newtonian !ory1 01 at l5g?1 mu* to ! satisfaction ( "s intellectual grovell]s1 af=d$4 ,?is pro( arose collat]ally & incid5tally 7z ne>ly all important tru?s h aris57 out ( an attempt to asc]ta9 ! mean d5sity ( ! ,e>?4 ,9 ! fam\s ,maskelyne1 ,cav5di% & ,bailly exp]im5ts = ?is purpose1 ! attraction ( ! mass ( a m\nta9 0 se51 felt1 measur$1 & f\nd to be ma!matically consi/5t ) ! immortal !ory ( ! ,briti% a/ronom]4 ,b 9 spite ( ?is confirmation ( t :i* ne$$ none--9 spite ( ! s-call$ corroboration ( ! 8!ory0 by ! s-call$ 8ocul> & physical pro(0--9 spite ( ! "* ( ?is corroboration--! ideas :i* ev5 really philosophical m5 _c help imbib+ ( gravity--&1 especially1 ! ideas ( x :i* ord9>y m5 get & cont5t$ly ma9ta91 are se5 to h be5 d]iv$1 = ! mo/ "p1 f a consid]ation ( ! pr9ciple z !y f9d x develop$--m]ely 9 ! planet ^u :i* !y /&4 ,n[1 to :at does s p>tial a consid]ation t5d--to :at species ( error does x give rise8 ,on ! ,e>? we see & feel1 only t gravity impels all bodies t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! ,e>?4 ,no man 9 ! common walks ( life c\ld be made to see or to feel any?+ else--c\ld be made to p]ceive t any?+1 any:]e1 has a p]petual1 gravitat+ t5d5cy 9 any o!r direction ?an to ! c5tre ( ! ,e>?2 yet 7) an exception h]eaft] to be specifi$7 x is a fact t e e>?ly ?+ 7n to speak n[ ( e heav5ly ?+7 has a t5d5cy n only to ! ,e>?'s c5tre b 9 e conceivable direction besides4 ,n[1 al?\gh ! philosophic _c be said to err ) ! vulg> 9 ?is matt]1 !y nev]!less p]mit !mselves to be influ5c$1 )\t kn[+ x1 by ! s5tim5t ( ! vulg> idea4 8,al?\gh ! ,pagan fables are n believ$10 says ,bryant1 9 8 v erudite 8,my?ology10 8yet we =get ourselves cont9ually & make inf]5ces f !m z f exi/+ realities40 ,i mean to ass]t t ! m]ely s5sitive p]ception ( gravity z we exp]i5ce x on ,e>?1 beguiles mank9d into ! fancy ( conc5tralization or especiality respect+ x--has be5 cont9ually bias+ t[>ds ?is fancy ev5 ! mightie/ intellects--p]petually1 al?\gh imp]ceptibly1 lead+ !m away f ! real *>act]i/ics ( ! pr9ciple2 ?us prev5t+ !m1 up to ?is date1 f ev] gett+ a glimpse ( t vital tru? :i* lies 9 a diametrically opposite direction--beh9d ! pr9ciple's ess5tial *>act]i/ics--^?1 n ( conc5tralization or especiality--b ( univ]sality & diffusion4 ,?is 8vital tru?0 is ,unity z ! s\rce ( ! phnom5on4 ,let me n[ repeat ! def9ition ( gravity3--,e atom1 ( e body1 attracts e o!r atom1 bo? ( its own & ( e o!r body1 ) a =ce :i* v>ies inv]sely z ! squ>es ( ! di/ances ( ! attract+ & attract$ atom4 ,"h let ! read] pause ) me1 = a mom5t1 9 contemplation ( ! miracul\s--( ! ineffable--( ! altoge!r unimag9able complexity ( relation involv$ 9 ! fact t ea* atom attracts e o!r atom--involv$ m]ely 9 ?is fact ( ! attraction1 )\t ref]5ce to ! law or mode 9 :i* ! attraction is manife/$--involv$ m]ely 9 ! fact t ea* atom attracts e o!r atom at all1 9 a wild]ness ( atoms s num]\s t ^? :i* g to ! composition ( a cannon-ball1 exce$1 probably1 9 m]e po9t ( numb]1 all ! />s :i* g to ! con/itution ( ! ,univ]se4 ,_h we discov]$1 simply1 t ea* atom t5d$ to "s "o favorite po9t--to "s especially attractive atom--we %\ld /ill h fall5 ^u a discov]y :i*1 9 itself1 w\ld h suffic$ to ov]:elm ! m9d3--b :at is x t we are actually call$ ^u to compreh5d8 ,t ea* atom attracts--sympa?izes ) ! mo/ delicate movem5ts ( e o!r atom1 & ) ea* & ) all at ! same "t1 & =ev]1 & accord+ to a det]m9ate law ( :i* ! complexity1 ev5 consid]$ by itself solely1 is utt]ly beyond ! grasp ( ! imag9ation ( man4 ,if ,i propose to asc]ta9 ! influ5ce ( "o mote 9 a sunbeam ^u its neighbor+ mote1 ,i _c accompli% my purpose )\t fir/ c\nt+ & weigh+ all ! atoms 9 ! ,univ]se & def9+ ! precise positions ( all at "o p>ticul> mom5t4 ,if ,i v5ture to displace1 by ev5 ! billion? "p ( an in*1 ! microscopical speck ( du/ :i* lies n[ ^u ! po9t ( my f+]1 :at is ! "* ( t act ^u :i* ,i h adv5tur$8 ,i h done a de$ :i* %akes ! ,moon 9 h] pa?1 :i* causes ! ,sun to be no long] ! ,sun1 & :i* alt]s =ev] ! de/9y ( ! multitud9\s myriads ( />s t roll & gl[ 9 ! maje/ic pres5ce ( _! ,creator4 ,^! ideas--conceptions su* z ^!--un?\ghtlike ?\ghts--s\l-rev]ies r ?an conclusions or ev5 consid]ations ( ! intellect3--ideas1 ,i repeat1 su* z ^!1 are su* z we c alone hope pr(itably to ent]ta9 9 any ef=t at grasp+ ! great pr9ciple1 ,attraction4 ,b n[1--) su* ideas--) su* a vision ( ! m>vell\s complexity ( ,attraction fairly 9 8 m9d--let any p]son compet5t ( ?\ght on su* topics z ^!1 set himself to ! task ( imag9+ a pr9ciple = ! phnom5a obs]v$--a condition f :i* !y sprang4 ,does n s evid5t a bro!rhood among ! atoms po9t to a common p>5tage8 ,does n a sympa?y s omnipreval5t1 s in]adicable1 & s ?or\ghly irrespective1 sugge/ a common pat]nity z its s\rce8 ,does n "o extreme impel ! reason to ! o!r8 ,does n ! inf9itude ( division ref] to ! utt]ness ( individuality8 ,does n ! entir5ess ( ! complex h9t at ! p]fection ( ! simple8 ,x is n t ! atoms1 z we see !m1 are divid$ or t !y are complex 9 _! relations--b t !y are inconceivably divid$ & unutt]ably complex3--x is ! extrem5ess ( ! conditions to :i* ,i n[ allude1 r ?an to ! conditions !mselves4 ,9 a ^w1 is x n because ! atoms 71 at "s remote epo* ( "t1 ev5 m ?an toge!r--is x n because orig9ally1 & !re=e normally1 !y 7 ,"o--t n[1 9 all circum/ances--at all po9ts--9 all directions--by all modes ( approa*--9 all relations & ?r\gh all conditions--!y /ruggle back to ?is absolutely1 ?is irrelatively1 ?is unconditionally "o8 ,"s p]son may "h dem&3--8,:y--s9ce x is to ! ,"o t ! atoms /ruggle back--d we n f9d & def9e ,attraction #8a m]ely g5]al t5d5cy to a c5tre8'--:y1 9 especial1 d n y\r atoms--! atoms :i* y describe z hav+ be5 irradiat$ f a c5tre--proce$ at once1 rectil9e>ly1 back to ! c5tral po9t ( _! orig980 ,i reply t !y d2 z w be di/9ctly %[n2 b t ! cause ( _! s do+ is q irrespective ( ! c5tre z su*4 ,!y all t5d rectil9e>ly t[>ds a c5tre1 because ( ! sph]eicity ) :i* !y h be5 irradiat$ into space4 ,ea* atom1 =m+ "o ( a g5]ally uni=m globe ( atoms1 f9ds m atoms 9 ! direction ( ! c5tre1 ( c\rse1 ?an 9 any o!r1 & 9 t direction1 !re=e1 is impell$--b is n ?us impell$ because ! c5tre is ! po9t ( its orig94 ,x is n to any po9t t ! atoms are alli$4 ,x is n any locality1 ei!r 9 ! concrete or 9 ! ab/ract1 to :i* ,i suppose !m b\nd4 ,no?+ l location 0 conceiv$ z _! orig94 ,_! s\rce lies 9 ! pr9ciple1 ,unity4 ,?is is _! lo/ p>5t4 ,?is !y seek always--imm$iately--9 all directions--:]ev] x is ev5 p>tially to be f\nd2 ?us appeas+1 9 "s measure1 ! in]adicable t5d5cy1 :ile on ! way to its absolute satisfaction 9 ! end4 ,x foll[s f all ?is1 t any pr9ciple :i* %all be adequate to acc\nt = ! law1 or modus op]&i1 ( ! attractive =ce 9 g5]al1 w acc\nt = ?is law 9 p>ticul>3--t is to say1 any pr9ciple :i* w %[ :y ! atoms %\ld t5d to _! g5]al c5tre ( irradiation ) =ces inv]sely proportional to ! squ>es ( ! di/ances1 w be admitt$ z satisfactorily acc\nt+1 at ! same "t1 = ! t5d5cy1 accord+ to ! same law1 ( ^! atoms ea* to ea*3--= ! t5d5cy to ! c5tre is m]ely ! t5d5cy ea* to ea*1 & n any t5d5cy to a c5tre z su*4--,?us x w be se51 also1 t ! e/abli%m5t ( my propositions w\ld involve no necessity ( modification 9 ! t]ms ( ! ,newtonian def9ition ( ,gravity1 :i* decl>es t ea* atom attracts ea* o!r atom & s =?1 & decl>es ?is m]ely2 b 7always "u ! supposition t :at ,i propose be1 9 ! end1 admitt$7 x seems cle> t "s error might occasionally be avoid$1 9 ! future processes ( ,sci5ce1 7 a m ample phraseology adopt$3--= in/ance3--8,ea* atom t5ds to e o!r atom c4 ) a =ce c43 ! g5]al result be+ a t5d5cy ( all1 ) a simil> =ce1 to a g5]al c5tre40 ,! rev]sal ( our processes has ?us br\ght u to an id5tical result2 b1 :ile 9 ! "o process intuition 0 ! />t+-po9t1 9 ! o!r x 0 ! goal4 ,9 comm5c+ ! =m] j\rney ,i c\ld only say t1 ) an irresi/ible intuition1 ,i felt ,simplicity to h be5 ! *>act]i/ic ( ! orig9al action ( ,god3--9 end+ ! latt] ,i c only decl>e t1 ) an irresi/ible intuition1 ,i p]ceive ,unity to h be5 ! s\rce ( ! obs]v$ phnom5a ( ! ,newtonian gravitation4 ,?us1 accord+ to ! s*ools1 ,i prove no?+4 ,s be x3--,i design b to sugge/--& to conv9ce ?r\gh ! sugge/ion4 ,i am pr\dly aw>e t !re exi/ _m ( ! mo/ pr(\nd & cauti\sly discrim9ative human intellects :i* _c help be+ abundantly cont5t ) my--sugge/ions4 ,to ^! intellects--z to my own--!re is no ma!matical demon/ration :i* c\ld br+ ! lea/ additional true pro( ( ! great ,tru? :i* ,i h advanc$--! tru? ( ,orig9al ,unity z ! s\rce--z ! pr9ciple ( ! ,univ]sal ,phnom5a4 ,= my "p1 ,i am n s sure t ,i speak & see--,i am n s sure t my he>t beats & t my s\l lives3--( ! ris+ ( to-morr['s sun--a probability t z yet lies 9 ! ,future--,i d n pret5d to be "o ?\s&? "p z sure--z ,i am ( ! irretrievably by-gone ,fact t ,all ,?+s & ,all ,?\ghts ( ,?+s1 ) all _! ineffable ,multiplicity ( ,relation1 sprang at once into be+ f ! primordial & irrelative ,"o4 ,ref]r+ to ! ,newtonian ,gravity1 ,dr4 ,ni*ol1 ! eloqu5t au?or ( 8,! ,ar*itecture ( ! ,heav5s10 says3--8,9 tru? we h no reason to suppose ?is great ,law1 z n[ reveal$1 to be ! ultimate or simple/1 & !re=e ! univ]sal & all-compreh5sive1 =m ( a great ,ord9ance4 ,! mode 9 :i* its int5sity dim9i%es ) ! elem5t ( di/ance1 has n ! aspect ( an ultimate pr9ciple2 :i* always assumes ! simplicity & self-evid5ce ( ^? axioms :i* con/itute ! basis ( ,geometry40 ,n[1 x is q true t 8ultimate pr9ciples10 9 ! common und]/&+ ( ! words1 always assume ! simplicity ( geometrical axioms--7z = 8self-evid5ce10 !re is no su* ?+7--b ^! pr9ciples are cle>ly n 8ultimate20 9 o!r t]ms :at we are 9 ! habit ( call+ pr9ciples are no pr9ciples1 prop]ly speak+--s9ce !re c be b "o pr9ciple1 ! ,volition ( ,god4 ,we h no "r to assume1 !n1 f :at we obs]ve 9 rules t we *oose fooli%ly to "n 8pr9ciples10 any?+ at all 9 respect to ! *>act]i/ics ( a pr9ciple prop]4 ,! 8ultimate pr9ciples0 ( :i* ,dr4 ,ni*ol speaks z hav+ geometrical simplicity1 may & d h ?is geometrical turn1 z be+ "p & p>cel ( a va/ geometrical sy/em1 & ?us a sy/em ( simplicity itself--9 :i*1 nev]!less1 ! truly ultimate pr9ciple is1 z we "k1 ! consummation ( ! complex--t is to say1 ( ! un9telligible--= is x n ! ,spiritual ,capacity ( ,god8 ,i quot$ ,dr4 ,ni*ol's rem>k1 h[ev]1 n s mu* to "q its philosophy1 z by way ( call+ att5tion to ! fact t1 :ile all m5 h admitt$ "s pr9ciple z exi/+ beh9d ! ,law ( ,gravity1 no attempt has be5 yet made to po9t out :at ?is pr9ciple 9 p>ticul> is3--if we except1 p]haps1 occasional fanta/ic ef=ts at ref]r+ x to ,magnetism1 or ,mesm]ism1 or ,sw$5borgianism1 or ,transc5d5talism1 or "s o!r equally delici\s ism ( ! same species1 & inv>iably patroniz$ by "o & ! same species ( p4 ,! great m9d ( ,newton1 :ile boldly grasp+ ! ,law itself1 %rank f ! pr9ciple ( ! ,law4 ,! m flu5t & compreh5sive at lea/1 if n ! m pati5t & pr(\nd1 sagacity ( ,laplace1 _h n ! c\rage to attack x4 ,b hesitation on ! "p ( ^! two a/ronom]s x is1 p]haps1 n s v difficult to und]/&4 ,!y1 z well z all ! fir/ class ( ma!maticians1 7 ma!maticians solely3--_! intellect1 at lea/1 _h a firmly-pron\nc$ ma!matico-physical tone4 ,:at lay n di/9ctly )9 ! doma9 ( ,physics1 or ( ,ma!matics1 seem$ to !m ei!r ,non-,entity or ,%ad[4 ,nev]!less1 we may well wond] t ,leibnitz1 :o 0 a m>k$ exception to ! g5]al rule 9 ^! respects1 & ^: m5tal temp]am5t 0 a s+ul> admixture ( ! ma!matical ) ! physico-metaphysical1 did n at once inve/igate & e/abli% ! po9t at issue4 ,ei!r ,newton or ,laplace1 seek+ a pr9ciple & discov]+ none physical1 w\ld h re/$ cont5t$ly 9 ! conclusion t !re 0 absolutely none2 b x is almo/ impossible to fancy1 ( ,leibnitz1 t1 hav+ exhau/$ 9 8 se>* ! physical dom9ions1 he w\ld n h /epp$ at once1 boldly & hopefully1 amid 8 old famili> haunts 9 ! k+dom ( ,metaphysics4 ,"h1 inde$1 x is cle> t he mu/ h adv5tur$ 9 se>* ( ! treasure3--t he did n f9d x aft] all1 01 p]haps1 because 8 fairy guide1 ,imag9ation1 0 n suffici5tly well-gr[n1 or well-educat$1 to direct him aright4 ,i obs]v$1 j n[1 t1 9 fact1 !re _h be5 c]ta9 vague attempts at ref]r+ ,gravity to "s v unc]ta9 isms4 ,^! attempts1 h[ev]1 al?\gh consid]$ bold & ju/ly s consid]$1 look$ no f>!r ?an to ! g5]ality--! m]e/ g5]ality--( ! ,newtonian ,law4 ,its modus op]&i has nev]1 to my k1 be5 approa*$ 9 ! way ( an ef=t at explanation4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ) no unw>rant$ fe> ( be+ tak5 = a madman at ! outset1 & be=e ,i c br+ my propositions fairly to ! eye ( ^? :o alone are compet5t to decide ^u !m1 t ,i "h decl>e ! modus op]&i ( ! ,law ( ,gravity to be an exce$+ly simple & p]fectly explicable ?+--t is to say1 :5 we make our advances t[>ds x 9 j gradations & 9 ! true direction--:5 we reg>d x f ! prop] po9t ( view4 ,:e!r we rea* ! idea ( absolute ,unity z ! s\rce ( ,all ,?+s1 f a consid]ation ( ,simplicity z ! mo/ probable *>act]i/ic ( ! orig9al action ( ,god2--:e!r we arrive at x f an inspection ( ! univ]sality ( relation 9 ! gravitat+ phnom5a2--or :e!r we atta9 x z a result ( ! mutual corroboration af=d$ by bo? processes2--/ill1 ! idea itself1 if ent]ta9$ at all1 is ent]ta9$ 9 insep>able connection ) ano!r idea--t ( ! condition ( ! ,univ]se ( />s z we n[ p]ceive x--t is to say1 a condition ( immeasurable diffusion ?r\gh space4 ,n[ a connection betwe5 ^! two ideas--unity & diffusion--_c be e/abli%$ unless ?r\gh ! ent]ta9m5t ( a ?ird idea--t ( irradiation4 ,absolute ,unity be+ tak5 z a c5tre1 !n ! exi/+ ,univ]se ( />s is ! result ( irradiation f t c5tre4 ,n[1 ! laws ( irradiation are kn[n4 ,!y are "p & p>cel ( ! sph]e4 ,!y belong to ! class ( indisputable geometrical prop]ties4 ,we say ( !m1 8!y are true--!y are evid5t40 ,to dem& :y !y are true1 w\ld be to dem& :y ! axioms are true ^u :i* _! demon/ration is bas$4 ,no?+ is demon/rable1 /rictly speak+2 b if any?+ be1 !n ! prop]ties--! laws 9 "q are demon/rat$4 ,b ^! laws--:at d !y decl>e8 ,irradiation--h[--by :at /eps does x proce$ outw>dly f a c5tre8 ,f a lum9\s c5tre1 ,light issues by irradiation2 & ! quantities ( light receiv$ ^u any giv5 plane1 suppos$ to be %ift+ its position s z to be n[ ne>] ! c5tre & n[ f>!r f x1 w be dim9i%$ 9 ! same proportion z ! squ>es ( ! di/ances ( ! plane f ! lum9\s body1 are increas$2 & w be increas$ 9 ! same proportion z ^! squ>es are dim9i%$4 ,! expression ( ! law may be ?us g5]aliz$3--! numb] ( light-p>ticles 7or1 if ! phrase be pref]r$1 ! numb] ( light-impressions7 receiv$ ^u ! %ift+ plane1 w be inv]sely proportional ) ! squ>es ( ! di/ances ( ! plane4 ,g5]aliz+ yet aga91 we may say t ! diffusion--! scatt]+--! irradiation1 9 a ^w--is directly proportional ) ! squ>es ( ! di/ances4 ,illu/ration ,= example3 at ! di/ance ,b1 f ! lum9\s c5tre ,a1 a c]ta9 numb] ( p>ticles are s diffus$ z to occupy ! surface ,b4 ,!n at d\ble ! di/ance--t is to say at ,c--!y w be s mu* f>!r diffus$ z to occupy f\r su* surfaces3--at treble ! di/ance1 or at ,d1 !y w be s mu* f>!r sep>at$ z to occupy n9e su* surfaces3--:ile1 at quadruple ! di/ance1 or at ,e1 !y w h become s scatt]$ z to spread !mselves ov] sixte5 su* surfaces--& s on =ev]4 ,9 say+1 g5]ally1 t ! irradiation proce$s 9 direct proportion ) ! squ>es ( ! di/ances1 we use ! t]m irradiation to express ! degree ( ! diffusion z we proce$ outw>dly f ! c5tre4 ,conv]s+ ! idea1 & employ+ ! ^w 8conc5tralization0 to express ! degree ( ! draw+ toge!r z we come back t[>d ! c5tre f an outw>d position1 we may say t conc5tralization proce$s inv]sely z ! squ>es ( ! di/ances4 ,9 o!r words1 we h rea*$ ! conclusion t1 on ! hypo!sis t matt] 0 orig9ally irradiat$ f a c5tre & is n[ return+ to x1 ! conc5tralization1 9 ! return1 proce$s exactly z we "k ! =ce ( gravitation to proce$4 ,n[ "h1 if we c\ld be p]mitt$ to assume t conc5tralization exactly repres5t$ ! =ce ( ! t5d5cy to ! c5tre--t ! "o 0 exactly proportional to ! o!r1 & t ! two proce$$ toge!r--we %\ld h %[n all t is requir$4 ,! sole difficulty exi/+1 !n1 is to e/abli% a direct proportion betwe5 8conc5tralization0 & ! =ce ( conc5tralization2 & ?is is done1 ( c\rse1 if we e/abli% su* proportion betwe5 8irradiation0 & ! =ce ( irradiation4 ,a v slight inspection ( ! ,heav5s assures u t ! />s h a c]ta9 g5]al uni=mity1 equability1 or equidi/ance1 ( di/ribution ?r\gh t region ( space 9 :i*1 collectively1 & 9 a r\ghly globul> =m1 !y are situat$3--?is species ( v g5]al1 r ?an absolute1 equability1 be+ 9 full keep+ ) my d$uction ( inequidi/ance1 )9 c]ta9 limits1 among ! orig9ally diffus$ atoms1 z a coroll>y f ! evid5t design ( inf9ite complexity ( relation out ( irrelation4 ,i />t$1 x w be rememb]$1 ) ! idea ( a g5]ally uni=m b p>ticul>ly ununi=m di/ribution ( ! atoms2--an idea1 ,i repeat1 :i* an inspection ( ! />s1 z !y exi/1 confirms4 ,b ev5 9 ! m]ely g5]al equability ( di/ribution1 z reg>ds ! atoms1 !re appe>s a difficulty :i*1 no d\bt1 has already sugge/$ itself to ^? among my read]s :o h borne 9 m9d t ,i suppose ?is equability ( di/ribution effect$ ?r\gh irradiation f a c5tre4 ,! v fir/ glance at ! idea1 irradiation1 =ces u to ! ent]ta9m5t ( ! hi!rto unsep>at$ & seem+ly insep>able idea ( agglom]ation ab\t a c5tre1 ) disp]sion z we rec$e f x--! idea1 9 a ^w1 ( 9equability ( di/ribution 9 respect to ! matt] irradiat$4 ,n[1 ,i h else:]e#a obs]v$ t x is by j su* difficulties z ! "o n[ 9 "q--su* r\ghnesses--su* peculi>ities--su* protub]ances above ! plane ( ! ord9>y--t ,reason feels h] way1 if at all1 9 h] se>* = ! ,true4 ,by ! difficulty--! 8peculi>ity0--n[ pres5t$1 ,i leap at once to ! secret--a secret :i* ,i might nev] h atta9$ b = ! peculi>ity & ! inf]5ces :i*1 9 its m]e "* ( peculi>ity1 x af=ds me4 #a 8,murd]s 9 ! ,rue ,morgue0--p4 #acc4 ,! process ( ?\ght1 at ?is po9t1 may be ?us r\ghly sket*$3--,i say to myself--8,unity1 z ,i h expla9$ x1 is a tru?--,i feel x4 ,diffusion is a tru?--,i see x4 ,irradiation1 by :i* alone ^! two tru?s are reconcil$1 is a consequ5t tru?--,i p]ceive x4 ,equability ( diffusion1 fir/ d$uc$ priori & !n corroborat$ by ! inspection ( phnom5a1 is also a tru?--,i fully admit x4 ,s f> all is cle> ar\nd me3--!re are no cl\ds beh9d :i* ! secret--! great secret ( ! gravitat+ modus op]&i--c possibly lie hidd52--b ?is secret lies h]eab\ts1 mo/ assur$ly2 & 7 !re b a cl\d 9 view1 ,i %\ld be driv5 to suspicion ( t cl\d40 ,& n[1 j z ,i say ?is1 !re actually comes a cl\d into view4 ,?is cl\d is ! seem+ impossibility ( reconcil+ my tru?1 irradiation1 ) my tru?1 equability ( diffusion4 ,i say n[3--8,beh9d ?is seem+ impossibility is to be f\nd :at ,i desire40 ,i d n say 8real impossibility20 = inv9cible fai? 9 my tru?s assures me t x is a m]e difficulty aft] all--b ,i g on to say1 ) unfl9*+ confid5ce1 t1 :5 ?is difficulty %all be solv$1 we %all f9d1 wrapp$ up 9 ! process ( solution1 ! key to ! secret at :i* we aim4 ,moreov]--,i feel t we %all discov] b "o possible solution ( ! difficulty2 ?is = ! reason t1 7 !re two1 "o w\ld be sup]]ogatory--w\ld be fruitless--w\ld be empty--w\ld conta9 no key--s9ce no duplicate key c be ne$$ to any secret ( ,nature4 ,& n[1 let u see3--,our usual notions ( irradiation--9 fact all our di/9ct notions ( x--are caught m]ely f ! process z we see x exemplifi$ 9 ,light4 ,"h !re is a cont9u\s outp\r+ ( ray-/reams1 & ) a =ce :i* we h at lea/ no "r to suppose v>ies at all4 ,n[1 9 any su* irradiation z ?is--cont9u\s & ( unv>y+ =ce--! regions ne>] ! c5tre mu/ inevitably be always m cr[d$ ) ! irradiat$ matt] ?an ! regions m remote4 ,b ,i h assum$ no su* irradiation z ?is4 ,i assum$ no cont9u\s irradiation2 & = ! simple reason t su* an assumption w\ld h involv$1 fir/1 ! necessity ( ent]ta9+ a conception :i* ,i h %[n no man c ent]ta91 & :i* 7z ,i w m fully expla9 h]eaft]7 all obs]vation ( ! firmam5t refutes--! conception ( ! absolute inf9ity ( ! ,univ]se ( />s--& w\ld h involv$1 secondly1 ! impossibility ( und]/&+ a raction--t is1 gravitation--z exi/+ n[--s9ce1 :ile an act is cont9u$1 no raction1 ( c\rse1 c take place4 ,my assumption1 !n1 or r my inevitable d$uction f j premises--0 t ( a det]m9ate irradiation--"o f9ally discont9u$4 ,let me n[ describe ! sole possible mode 9 :i* x is conceivable t matt] c\ld h be5 diffus$ ?r\gh space1 s z to fulfil ! conditions at once ( irradiation & ( g5]ally equable di/ribution4 ,= conv5i5ce ( illu/ration1 let u imag9e1 9 ! fir/ place1 a holl[ sph]e ( glass1 or ( any?+ else1 occupy+ ! space ?r\gh\t :i* ! univ]sal matt] is to be ?us equally diffus$1 by means ( irradiation1 f ! absolute1 irrelative1 unconditional p>ticle1 plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! sph]e4 ,n[1 a c]ta9 ex]tion ( ! diffusive p[] 7presum$ to be ! ,div9e ,volition7--9 o!r words1 a c]ta9 =ce--^: measure is ! quantity ( matt]--t is to say1 ! numb] ( atoms--emitt$2 emits1 by irradiation1 ?is c]ta9 numb] ( atoms2 =c+ !m 9 all directions outw>dly f ! c5tre--_! proximity to ea* o!r dim9i%+ z !y proce$--until1 f9ally1 !y are di/ribut$1 loosely1 ov] ! int]ior surface ( ! sph]e4 ,:5 ^! atoms h atta9$ ?is position1 or :ile proce$+ to atta9 x1 a second & inf]ior ex]cise ( ! same =ce--or a second & inf]ior =ce ( ! same "*--emits1 9 ! same mann]--t is to say1 by irradiation z be=e--a second /ratum ( atoms :i* proce$s to deposit itself ^u ! fir/2 ! numb] ( atoms1 9 ?is case z 9 ! =m]1 be+ ( c\rse ! measure ( ! =ce :i* emitt$ !m2 9 o!r words ! =ce be+ precisely adapt$ to ! purpose x effects--! =ce & ! numb] ( atoms s5t out by ! =ce1 be+ directly proportional4 ,:5 ?is second /ratum has rea*$ its de/9$ position--or :ile approa*+ x--a ?ird /ill inf]ior ex]tion ( ! =ce1 or a ?ird inf]ior =ce ( a simil> "*--! numb] ( atoms emitt$ be+ 9 all cases ! measure ( ! =ce--proce$s to deposit a ?ird /ratum ^u ! second3--& s on1 until ^! conc5tric /rata1 gr[+ gradually less & less1 come d[n at l5g? to ! c5tral po9t2 & ! diffusive matt]1 simultane\sly ) ! diffusive =ce1 is exhau/$4 ,we h n[ ! sph]e fill$1 ?r\gh means ( irradiation1 ) atoms equably diffus$4 ,! two necess>y conditions--^? ( irradiation & ( equable diffusion--are satisfi$2 & by ! sole process 9 :i* ! possibility ( _! simultane\s satisfaction is conceivable4 ,= ?is reason1 ,i confid5tly expect to f9d1 lurk+ 9 ! pres5t condition ( ! atoms z di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! sph]e1 ! secret ( :i* ,i am 9 se>*--! all-important pr9ciple ( ! modus op]&i ( ! ,newtonian law4 ,let u exam9e1 !n1 ! actual condition ( ! atoms4 ,!y lie 9 a s]ies ( conc5tric /rata4 ,!y are equably diffus$ ?r\gh\t ! sph]e4 ,!y h be5 irradiat$ into ^! /ates4 ,! atoms be+ equably di/ribut$1 ! great] ! sup]ficial ext5t ( any ( ^! conc5tric /rata1 or sph]es1 ! m atoms w lie ^u x4 ,9 o!r words1 ! numb] ( atoms ly+ ^u ! surface ( any "o ( ! conc5tric sph]es1 is directly proportional ) ! ext5t ( t surface4 ,b1 9 any s]ies ( conc5tric sph]es1 ! surfaces are directly proportional ) ! squ>es ( ! di/ances f ! c5tre4#b #b ,succ9ctly--,! surfaces ( sph]es are z ! squ>es ( _! radii4 ,!re=e ! numb] ( atoms 9 any /ratum is directly proportional ) ! squ>e ( t /ratum's di/ance f ! c5tre4 ,b ! numb] ( atoms 9 any /ratum is ! measure ( ! =ce :i* emitt$ t /ratum--t is to say1 is directly proportional ) ! =ce4 ,!re=e ! =ce :i* irradiat$ any /ratum is directly proportional ) ! squ>e ( t /ratum's di/ance f ! c5tre3--or1 g5]ally1 ,! =ce ( ! irradiation has be5 directly proportional ) ! squ>es ( ! di/ances4 ,n[1 ,raction1 z f> z we "k any?+ ( x1 is ,action conv]s$4 ,! g5]al pr9ciple ( ,gravity be+1 9 ! fir/ place1 und]/ood z ! raction ( an act--z ! expression ( a desire on ! "p ( ,matt]1 :ile exi/+ 9 a /ate ( diffusion1 to return into ! ,unity :5ce x 0 diffus$2 &1 9 ! second place1 ! m9d be+ call$ ^u to det]m9e ! "* ( ! desire--! mann] 9 :i* x w\ld1 naturally1 be manife/$2 9 o!r words1 be+ call$ ^u to conceive a probable law1 or modus op]&i1 = ! return2 c\ld n well help arriv+ at ! conclusion t ?is law ( return w\ld be precisely ! conv]se ( ! law ( dep>ture4 ,t su* w\ld be ! case1 any "o1 at lea/1 w\ld be abundantly ju/ifi$ 9 tak+ = grant$1 until su* "t z "s p]son %\ld sugge/ some?+ l a plausible reason :y x %\ld n be ! case--until su* p]iod z a law ( return %all be imag9$ :i* ! intellect c consid] z pref]able4 ,matt]1 !n1 irradiat$ into space ) a =ce v>y+ z ! squ>es ( ! di/ances1 might1 priori1 be suppos$ to return t[>ds its c5tre ( irradiation ) a =ce v>y+ inv]sely z ! squ>es ( ! di/ances3 & ,i h already %[n#c t any pr9ciple :i* w expla9 :y ! atoms %\ld t5d1 accord+ to any law1 to ! g5]al c5tre1 mu/ be admitt$ z satisfactorily expla9+1 at ! same "t1 :y1 accord+ to ! same law1 !y %\ld t5d ea* to ea*4 ,=1 9 fact1 ! t5d5cy to ! g5]al c5tre is n to a c5tre z su*1 b because ( its be+ a po9t 9 t5d+ t[>ds :i* ea* atom t5ds mo/ directly to its real & ess5tial c5tre1 ,unity--! absolute & f9al ,union ( all4 #c ,page #dd4 ,! consid]ation "h involv$ pres5ts to my own m9d no emb>rassm5t :atev]--b ?is fact does n bl9d me to ! possibility ( its be+ obscure to ^? :o may h be5 less 9 ! habit ( deal+ ) ab/ractions3--&1 ^u ! :ole1 x may be z well to look at ! matt] f "o or two o!r po9ts ( view4 ,! absolute1 irrelative p>ticle prim>ily creat$ by ! ,volition ( ,god1 mu/ h be5 9 a condition ( positive normality1 or rightfulness--= wrongfulness implies relation4 ,"r is positive2 wrong is negative--is m]ely ! negation ( "r2 z cold is ! negation ( heat--d>kness ( light4 ,t a ?+ may be wrong1 x is necess>y t !re be "s o!r ?+ 9 relation to :i* x is wrong--"s condition :i* x fails to satisfy2 "s law :i* x violates2 "s be+ :om x aggrieves4 ,if !re be no su* be+1 law1 or condition1 9 respect to :i* ! ?+ is wrong--&1 /ill m especially1 if no be+s1 laws1 or conditions exi/ at all--!n ! ?+ cn be wrong & consequ5tly mu/ be "r4 ,any deviation f normality involves a t5d5cy to return into x4 ,a diff]5ce f ! normal--f ! "r--f ! j--c be und]/ood z effect$ only by ! ov]com+ a difficulty2 & if ! =ce :i* ov]comes ! difficulty be n inf9itely cont9u$1 ! in]adicable t5d5cy to return w at l5g? be p]mitt$ to act = its own satisfaction4 ,^u )drawal ( ! =ce1 ! t5d5cy acts4 ,?is is ! pr9ciple ( raction z ! inevitable consequ5ce ( f9ite action4 ,employ+ a phraseology ( :i* ! seem+ affectation w be p>don$ = its expressiv5ess1 we may say t ,raction is ! return f ! condition ( z x is & ought n to be into ! condition ( z x 01 orig9ally1 & !re=e ought to be3--& let me add "h t ! absolute =ce ( ,raction w\ld no d\bt be always f\nd 9 direct proportion ) ! reality--! tru?--! absolut5ess--( ! orig9ality--if ev] x 7 possible to measure ?is latt]3--&1 consequ5tly1 ! greate/ ( all conceivable reactions mu/ be t produc$ by ! t5d5cy :i* we n[ discuss--! t5d5cy to return into ! absolutely orig9al--into ! supremely primitive4 ,gravity1 !n1 mu/ be ! /ronge/ ( =ces--an idea rea*$ priori & abundantly confirm$ by induction4 ,:at use ,i make ( ! idea1 w be se5 9 ! sequel4 ,! atoms1 n[1 hav+ be5 diffus$ f _! normal condition ( ,unity1 seek to return to----:at8 ,n to any p>ticul> po9t1 c]ta9ly2 = x is cle> t if1 ^u ! diffusion1 ! :ole ,univ]se ( matt] _h be5 project$1 collectively1 to a di/ance f ! po9t ( irradiation1 ! atomic t5d5cy to ! g5]al c5tre ( ! sph]e w\ld n h be5 di/urb$ 9 ! lea/3--! atoms w\ld n h s\ght ! po9t 9 absolute space f :i* !y 7 orig9ally impell$4 ,x is m]ely ! condition1 & n ! po9t or locality at :i* ?is condition took its rise1 t ^! atoms seek to re-e/abli%2--x is m]ely t condition :i* is _! normality1 t !y desire4 8,b !y seek a c5tre10 x w be said1 8& a c5tre is a po9t40 ,true2 b !y seek ?is po9t n 9 its "* ( po9t--7=1 7 ! :ole sph]e mov$ f its position1 !y w\ld seek1 equally1 ! c5tre2 & ! c5tre !n w\ld be a new po9t7--b because x s happ5s1 on acc\nt ( ! =m 9 :i* !y collectively exi/--7t ( ! sph]e7--t only ?r\gh ! po9t 9 "q--! sph]e's c5tre--!y c atta9 _! true object1 ,unity4 ,9 ! direction ( ! c5tre ea* atom p]ceives m atoms ?an 9 any o!r direction4 ,ea* atom is impell$ t[>ds ! c5tre because along ! /raight l9e jo9+ x & ! c5tre & pass+ on to ! circumf]5ce beyond1 !re lie a great] numb] ( atoms ?an along any o!r /raight l9e--a great] numb] ( objects t seek x1 ! individual atom--a great] numb] ( t5d5cies to ,unity--a great] numb] ( satisfactions = its own t5d5cy to ,unity--9 a ^w1 because 9 ! direction ( ! c5tre lies ! utmo/ possibility ( satisfaction1 g5]ally1 = its own individual appetite4 ,to be brief1 ! condition1 ,unity1 is all t is really s\ght2 & if ! atoms seem to seek ! c5tre ( ! sph]e1 x is only impli$ly1 ?r\gh implication--because su* c5tre happ5s to imply1 to include1 or to involve1 ! only ess5tial c5tre1 ,unity4 ,b on acc\nt ( ?is implication or involution1 !re is no possibility ( practically sep>at+ ! t5d5cy to ,unity 9 ! ab/ract1 f ! t5d5cy to ! concrete c5tre4 ,?us ! t5d5cy ( ! atoms to ! g5]al c5tre is1 to all practical int5ts & = all logical purposes1 ! t5d5cy ea* to ea*2 & ! t5d5cy ea* to ea* is ! t5d5cy to ! c5tre2 & ! "o t5d5cy may be assum$ z ! o!r2 :atev] w apply to ! "o mu/ be ?or\ghly applicable to ! o!r2 &1 9 conclusion1 :atev] pr9ciple w satisfactorily expla9 ! "o1 _c be que/ion$ z an explanation ( ! o!r4 ,9 look+ c>efully ar\nd me = rational objection to :at ,i h advanc$1 ,i am able to discov] no?+2--b ( t class ( objections usually urg$ by ! d\bt]s = ,d\bt's sake1 ,i v readily p]ceive ?ree2 & proce$ to dispose ( !m 9 ord]4 ,x may be said1 fir/3 8,! pro( t ! =ce ( irradiation 79 ! case describ$7 is directly proportional to ! squ>es ( ! di/ances1 dep5ds ^u an unw>rant$ assumption--t ( ! numb] ( atoms 9 ea* /ratum be+ ! measure ( ! =ce ) :i* !y are emitt$40 ,i reply1 n only t ,i am w>rant$ 9 su* assumption1 b t ,i %\ld be utt]ly unw>rant$ 9 any o!r4 ,:at ,i assume is1 simply1 t an effect is ! measure ( its cause--t e ex]cise ( ! ,div9e ,w w be proportional to t :i* dem&s ! ex]tion--t ! means ( ,omnipot5ce1 or ( ,omnisci5ce1 w be exactly adapt$ to its purposes4 ,nei!r c a defici5cy nor an excess ( cause br+ to pass any effect4 ,_h ! =ce :i* irradiat$ any /ratum to its position1 be5 ei!r m or less ?an 0 ne$$ = ! purpose--t is to say1 n directly proportional to ! purpose--!n to its position t /ratum c\ld n h be5 irradiat$4 ,_h ! =ce :i*1 ) a view to g5]al equability ( di/ribution1 emitt$ ! prop] numb] ( atoms = ea* /ratum1 be5 n directly proportional to ! numb]1 !n ! numb] w\ld n h be5 ! numb] dem&$ = ! equable di/ribution4 ,! second supposable objection is some:at bett] entitl$ to an answ]4 ,x is an admitt$ pr9ciple 9 ,dynamics t e body1 on receiv+ an impulse1 or disposition to move1 w move onw>d 9 a /raight l9e1 9 ! direction imp>t$ by ! impell+ =ce1 until deflect$1 or /opp$1 by "s o!r =ce4 ,h[ !n1 x may be ask$1 is my fir/ or ext]nal /ratum ( atoms to be und]/ood z discont9u+ _! movem5t at ! circumf]5ce ( ! imag9>y glass sph]e1 :5 no second =ce1 ( m ?an an imag9>y "*1 appe>s1 to acc\nt = ! discont9uance8 ,i reply t ! objection1 9 ?is case1 actually does arise out ( 8an unw>rant$ assumption0--on ! "p ( ! objector--! assumption ( a pr9ciple1 9 ,dynamics1 at an epo* :5 no 8pr9ciples10 9 any?+1 exi/3--,i use ! ^w 8pr9ciple10 ( c\rse1 9 ! objector's und]/&+ ( ! ^w4 8,9 ! beg9n+0 we c admit--inde$ we c compreh5d--b "o ,fir/ ,cause--! truly ultimate ,pr9ciple--! ,volition ( ,god4 ,! prim>y act--t ( ,irradiation f ,unity--mu/ h be5 indep5d5t ( all t :i* ! _w n[ calls 8pr9ciple0--because all t we s designate is b a consequ5ce ( ! raction ( t prim>y act3--,i say 8prim>y0 act2 = ! creation ( ! absolute mat]ial p>ticle is m prop]ly to be reg>d$ z a conception ?an z an 8act0 9 ! ord9>y mean+ ( ! t]m4 ,?us1 we mu/ reg>d ! prim>y act z an act = ! e/abli%m5t ( :at we n[ call 8pr9ciples40 ,b ?is prim>y act itself is to be consid]$ z cont9u\s ,volition4 ,! ,?\ght ( ,god is to be und]/ood z orig9at+ ! ,diffusion--z proce$+ ) x--z regulat+ x--&1 f9ally1 z be+ )drawn f x ^u its completion4 ,!n comm5ces ,raction1 & ?r\gh ,raction1 8,pr9ciple10 z we employ ! ^w4 ,x w be advisable1 h[ev]1 to limit ! application ( ?is ^w to ! two imm$iate results ( ! discont9uance ( ! ,div9e ,volition--t is1 to ! two ag5ts1 ,attraction & ,repulsion4 ,e o!r ,natural ag5t dep5ds1 ei!r m or less imm$iately1 ^u ^! two1 & !re=e w\ld be m conv5i5tly designat$ z sub-pr9ciple4 ,x may be object$1 ?irdly1 t1 9 g5]al1 ! peculi> mode ( di/ribution :i* ,i h sugge/$ = ! atoms1 is 8an hypo!sis & no?+ m40 ,n[1 ,i am aw>e t ! ^w hypo!sis is a pond]\s sl$ge-hamm]1 grasp$ imm$iately1 if n lift$1 by all v dim9utive ?9k]s1 ^u ! fir/ appe>ance ( any proposition we>+1 9 any p>ticul>1 ! g>b ( a !ory4 ,b 8hypo!sis0 _c be wield$ "h to any good purpose1 ev5 by ^? :o succe$ 9 lift+ x--little m5 or great4 ,i ma9ta91 fir/1 t only 9 ! mode describ$ is x conceivable t ,matt] c\ld h be5 diffus$ s z to fulfil at once ! conditions ( irradiation & ( g5]ally equable di/ribution4 ,i ma9ta91 secondly1 t ^! conditions !mselves h be5 impos$ ^u me1 z necessities1 9 a tra9 ( ratioc9ation z rigor\sly logical z t :i* e/abli%es any demon/ration 9 ,euclid2 & ,i ma9ta91 ?irdly1 t ev5 if ! *>ge ( 8hypo!sis0 7 z fully su/a9$ z x is1 9 fact1 unsu/a9$ & unt5able1 /ill ! validity & indisputability ( my result w\ld n1 ev5 9 ! slighte/ p>ticul>1 be di/urb$4 ,to expla93--,! ,newtonian ,gravity--a law ( ,nature--a law ^: exi/5ce z su* no "o out ( ,b$lam que/ions--a law ^: admission z su* enables u to acc\nt = n9e-t5?s ( ! ,univ]sal phnom5a--a law :i*1 m]ely because x does s enable u to acc\nt = ^! phnom5a1 we are p]fectly will+1 )\t ref]5ce to any o!r consid]ations1 to admit1 & _c help admitt+1 z a law--a law1 nev]!less1 ( :i* nei!r ! pr9ciple nor ! modus op]&i ( ! pr9ciple1 has ev] yet be5 trac$ by ! human analysis--a law1 9 %ort1 :i*1 nei!r 9 its detail nor 9 its g5]ality1 has be5 f\nd susceptible ( explanation at all--is at l5g? se5 to be at e po9t ?or\ghly explicable1 provid$ only we yield our ass5t to----:at8 ,to an hypo!sis8 ,:y if an hypo!sis--if ! m]e/ hypo!sis--if an hypo!sis = ^: assumption--z 9 ! case ( t pure hypo!sis ! ,newtonian law itself--no %ad[ ( priori reason c\ld be assign$--if an hypo!sis1 ev5 s absolute z all ?is implies1 w\ld enable u to p]ceive a pr9ciple = ! ,newtonian law--w\ld enable u to und]/& z satisfi$1 conditions s miracul\sly--s ineffably complex & seem+ly irreconcileable z ^? involv$ 9 ! relations ( :i* ,gravity tells u1--:at rational be+ c\ld s expose 8 fatuity z to call ev5 ?is absolute hypo!sis an hypo!sis any long]--unless1 inde$1 he 7 to p]si/ 9 s call+ x1 ) ! und]/&+ t he did s1 simply = ! sake ( consi/5cy 9 words8 ,b :at is ! true /ate ( our pres5t case8 ,:at is ! fact8 ,n only t x is n an hypo!sis :i* we are requir$ to adopt1 9 ord] to admit ! pr9ciple at issue expla9$1 b t x is a logical conclusion :i* we are reque/$ n to adopt if we c avoid x--:i* we are simply invit$ to d5y if we c3--a conclusion ( s accurate a logicality t to dispute x w\ld be ! ef=t--to d\bt its validity beyond our p[]3--a conclusion f :i* we see no mode ( escape1 turn z we w2 a result :i* confronts u ei!r at ! end ( an 9ductive j\rney f ! phnom5a ( ! v ,law discuss$1 or at ! close ( a deductive c>e] f ! mo/ rigor\sly simple ( all conceivable assumptions--! assumption1 9 a ^w1 ( ,simplicity itself4 ,& if "h1 = ! m]e sake ( cavill+1 x be urg$1 t al?\gh my />t+-po9t is1 z ,i ass]t1 ! assumption ( absolute ,simplicity1 yet ,simplicity1 consid]$ m]ely 9 itself1 is no axiom2 & t only d$uctions f axioms are indisputable--x is ?us t ,i reply3-- ,e o!r sci5ce ?an ,logic is ! sci5ce ( c]ta9 concrete relations4 ,ari?metic1 = example1 is ! sci5ce ( ! relations ( numb]--,geometry1 ( ! relations ( =m--,ma!matics 9 g5]al1 ( ! relations ( quantity 9 g5]al--( :atev] c be increas$ or dim9i%$4 ,logic1 h[ev]1 is ! sci5ce ( ,relation 9 ! ab/ract--( absolute ,relation--( ,relation consid]$ solely 9 itself4 ,an axiom 9 any p>ticul> sci5ce o!r ?an ,logic is1 ?us1 m]ely a proposition ann\nc+ c]ta9 concrete relations :i* seem to be too obvi\s = dispute--z :5 we say1 = in/ance1 t ! :ole is great] ?an its "p3--&1 ?us aga91 ! pr9ciple ( ! ,logical axiom--9 o!r words1 ( an axiom 9 ! ab/ract--is1 simply1 obvi\sness ( relation4 ,n[1 x is cle>1 n only t :at is obvi\s to "o m9d may n be obvi\s to ano!r1 b t :at is obvi\s to "o m9d at "o epo*1 may be any?+ b obvi\s1 at ano!r epo*1 to ! same m9d4 ,x is cle>1 moreov]1 t :at1 to-day1 is obvi\s ev5 to ! majority ( mank9d1 or to ! majority ( ! be/ intellects ( mank9d1 may to-morr[ be1 to ei!r majority1 m or less obvi\s1 or 9 no respect obvi\s at all4 ,x is se51 !n1 t ! axiomatic pr9ciple itself is susceptible ( v>iation1 & ( c\rse t axioms are susceptible ( simil> *ange4 ,be+ mutable1 ! 8tru?s0 :i* gr[ out ( !m are necess>ily mutable too2 or1 9 o!r words1 are nev] to be positively dep5d$ ^u z tru?s at all--s9ce ,tru? & ,immutability are "o4 ,x w n[ be readily und]/ood t no axiomatic idea--no idea f\nd$ 9 ! fluctuat+ pr9ciple1 obvi\sness ( relation--c possibly be s secure--s reliable a basis = any /ructure erect$ by ! ,reason1 z t idea--7:atev] x is1 :]ev] we c f9d x1 or if x be practicable to f9d x any:]e7--:i* is irrelative altoge!r--:i* n only pres5ts to ! und]/&+ no obvi\sness ( relation1 ei!r great] or less1 to be consid]$1 b subjects ! intellect1 n 9 ! slighte/ degree1 to ! necessity ( ev5 look+ at any relation at all4 ,if su* an idea be n :at we too he$lessly t]m 8an axiom10 x is at lea/ pref]able1 z a ,logical basis1 to any axiom ev] prop\nd$1 or to all imag9able axioms comb9$3--& su*1 precisely1 is ! idea ) :i* my d$uctive process1 s ?or\ghly corroborat$ by induction1 comm5ces4 ,my p>ticle prop] is b absolute ,irrelation4 ,to sum up :at has be5 "h advanc$3--,z a />t+ po9t ,i h tak5 x = grant$1 simply1 t ! ,beg9n+ _h no?+ beh9d x or be=e x--t x 0 a ,beg9n+ 9 fact--t x 0 a beg9n+ & no?+ diff]5t f a beg9n+--9 %ort t ?is ,beg9n+ 0----t :i* x 04 ,if ?is be a 8m]e assumption0 !n a 8m]e assumption0 let x be4 ,to conclude ?is bran* ( ! subject3--,i am fully w>rant$ 9 ann\nc+ t ! ,law :i* we h be5 9 ! habit ( call+ ,gravity exi/s on acc\nt ( ,matt]'s hav+ be5 irradiat$1 at its orig91 atomically1 into a limit$#d sph]e ( ,space1 f "o1 individual1 unconditional1 irrelative1 & absolute ,p>ticle ,prop]1 by ! sole process 9 :i* x 0 possible to satisfy1 at ! same "t1 ! two conditions1 irradiation1 & g5]ally-equable di/ribution ?r\gh\t ! sph]e--t is to say1 by a =ce v>y+ 9 direct proportion ) ! squ>es ( ! di/ances betwe5 ! irradiat$ atoms1 respectively1 & ! ,p>ticul> c5tre ( ,irradiation4 #d ,limit$ sph]e--,a sph]e is necess>ily limit$4 ,i pref] tautology to a *ance ( misconception4 ,i h already giv5 my reasons = presum+ ,matt] to h be5 diffus$ by a det]m9ate r ?an by a cont9u\s or inf9itely cont9u$ =ce4 ,suppos+ a cont9u\s =ce1 we %\ld be unable1 9 ! fir/ place1 to compreh5d a raction at all2 & we %\ld be requir$1 9 ! second place1 to ent]ta9 ! impossible conception ( an inf9ite ext5sion ( ,matt]4 ,n to dwell ^u ! impossibility ( ! conception1 ! inf9ite ext5sion ( ,matt] is an idea :i*1 if n positively disprov$1 is at lea/ n 9 any respect w>rant$ by telescopic obs]vation ( ! />s--a po9t to be expla9$ m fully h]eaft]2 & ?is empirical reason = believ+ 9 ! orig9al f9ity ( ,matt] is unempirically confirm$4 ,= example3--,admitt+1 = ! mom5t1 ! possibility ( und]/&+ ,space fill$ ) ! irradiat$ atoms--t is to say1 admitt+1 z well z we c1 = argum5t's sake1 t ! succession ( ! irradiat$ atoms _h absolutely no end--!n x is abundantly cle> t1 ev5 :5 ! ,volition ( ,god _h be5 )drawn f !m1 & ?us ! t5d5cy to return into ,unity p]mitt$ 7ab/ractly7 to be satisfi$1 ?is p]mission w\ld h be5 nugatory & invalid--practically valueless & ( no effect :atev]4 ,no ,raction c\ld h tak5 place2 no movem5t t[>d ,unity c\ld h be5 made2 no ,law ( ,gravity c\ld h obta9$4 ,to expla93--,grant ! ab/ract t5d5cy ( any "o atom to any "o o!r z ! inevitable result ( diffusion f ! normal ,unity3--or1 :at is ! same ?+1 admit any giv5 atom z propos+ to move 9 any giv5 direction--x is cle> t1 s9ce !re is an inf9ity ( atoms on all sides ( ! atom propos+ to move1 x nev] c actually move t[>d ! satisfaction ( its t5d5cy 9 ! direction giv51 on acc\nt ( a precisely equal & c\nt]balanc+ t5d5cy 9 ! direction diametrically opposite4 ,9 o!r words1 exactly z _m t5d5cies to ,unity are beh9d ! hesitat+ atom z be=e x2 = x is a m]e sotticism to say t "o inf9ite l9e is long] or %ort] ?an ano!r inf9ite l9e1 or t "o inf9ite numb] is great] or less ?an ano!r numb] t is inf9ite4 ,?us ! atom 9 "q mu/ rema9 /ation>y =ev]4 ,"u ! impossible circum/ances :i* we h be5 m]ely endeavor+ to conceive = argum5t's sake1 !re c\ld h be5 no aggregation ( ,matt]--no />s--no worlds--no?+ b a p]petually atomic & inconsequ5tial ,univ]se4 ,9 fact1 view x z we w1 ! :ole idea ( unlimit$ ,matt] is n only unt5able1 b impossible & prepo/]\s4 ,) ! und]/&+ ( a sph]e ( atoms1 h[ev]1 we p]ceive1 at once1 a satisfiable t5d5cy to union4 ,! g5]al result ( ! t5d5cy ea* to ea*1 be+ a t5d5cy ( all to ! c5tre1 ! g5]al process ( cond5sation1 or approximation1 comm5ces imm$iately1 by a common & simultane\s movem5t1 on )drawal ( ! ,div9e ,volition2 ! individual approximations1 or coalesc5ces--n calitions--( atom ) atom1 be+ subject to almo/ inf9ite v>iations ( "t1 degree1 & condition1 on acc\nt ( ! excessive multiplicity ( relation1 aris+ f ! diff]5ces ( =m assum$ z *>act]iz+ ! atoms at ! mom5t ( _! quitt+ ! ,p>ticle ,prop]2 z well z f ! subsequ5t p>ticul> inequidi/ance1 ea* f ea*4 ,:at ,i wi% to impress ^u ! read] is ! c]ta9ty ( !re aris+1 at once1 7on )drawal ( ! diffusive =ce1 or ,div9e ,volition17 out ( ! condition ( ! atoms z describ$1 at innum]able po9ts ?r\gh\t ! ,univ]sal sph]e1 innum]able agglom]ations1 *>act]iz$ by innum]able specific diff]5ces ( =m1 size1 ess5tial nature1 & di/ance ea* f ea*4 ,! developm5t ( ,repulsion 7,electricity7 mu/ h comm5c$1 ( c\rse1 ) ! v e>lie/ p>ticul> ef=ts at ,unity1 & mu/ h proce$$ con/antly 9 ! ratio ( ,coalesc5ce--t is to say1 9 t ( ,cond5sation1 or1 aga91 ( ,het]og5eity4 ,?us ! two ,pr9ciples ,prop]1 ,attraction & ,repulsion--! ,mat]ial & ! ,spiritual--accompany ea* o!r1 9 ! /ricte/ fell[%ip1 =ev]4 ,?us ,! ,body & ,! ,s\l walk h& 9 h&4 ,if n[1 9 fancy1 we select any "o ( ! agglom]ations consid]$ z 9 _! prim>y /ages ?r\gh\t ! ,univ]sal sph]e1 & suppose ?is incipi5t agglom]ation to be tak+ place at t po9t :]e ! c5tre ( our ,sun exi/s--or r :]e x did exi/ orig9ally2 = ! ,sun is p]petually %ift+ 8 position--we %all f9d ourselves met1 & borne onw>d = a "t at lea/1 by ! mo/ magnific5t ( !ories--by ! ,nebul> ,cosmogony ( ,laplace3--al?\gh 8,cosmogony0 is f> too compreh5sive a t]m = :at he really discusses--:i* is ! con/itution ( our sol> sy/em alone--( "o among ! myriad ( simil> sy/ems :i* make up ! ,univ]se ,prop]--t ,univ]sal sph]e--t all-inclusive & absolute ,kosmos :i* =ms ! subject ( my pres5t ,disc\rse4 ,conf9+ himself to an obvi\sly limit$ region--t ( our sol> sy/em ) its comp>atively imm$iate vic9ity--& m]ely assum+--t is to say1 assum+ )\t any basis :atev]1 ei!r d$uctive or inductive--mu* ( :at ,i h be5 j endeavor+ to place ^u a m /able basis ?an assumption2 assum+1 = example1 matt] z diffus$ 7)\t pret5d+ to acc\nt = ! diffusion7 ?r\gh\t1 & some:at beyond1 ! space occupi$ by our sy/em--diffus$ 9 a /ate ( het]og5e\s nebulosity & ob$i5t to t omnipreval5t law ( ,gravity at ^: pr9ciple he v5tur$ to make no guess2--assum+ all ?is 7:i* is q true1 al?\gh he _h no logical "r to its assumption7 ,laplace has %[n1 dynamically & ma!matically1 t ! results 9 su* case necess>ily ensu+1 are ^? & ^? alone :i* we f9d manife/$ 9 ! actually exi/+ condition ( ! sy/em itself4 ,to expla93--,let u conceive t p>ticul> agglom]ation ( :i* we h j spok5--! "o at ! po9t designat$ by our ,sun's c5tre--to h s f> proce$$ t a va/ quantity ( nebul\s matt] has "h assum$ a r\ghly globul> =m2 its c5tre be+1 ( c\rse1 co9cid5t ) :at is n[1 or r 0 orig9ally1 ! c5tre ( our ,sun2 & its p]iph]y ext5d+ out beyond ! orbit ( ,neptune1 ! mo/ remote ( our planets3--9 o!r words1 let u suppose ! diamet] ( ?is r\gh sph]e to be "s #fjjj millions ( miles4 ,= ages1 ?is mass ( matt] has be5 und]go+ cond5sation1 until at l5g? x has become r$uc$ into ! bulk we imag9e2 hav+ proce$$ gradually1 ( c\rse1 f its atomic & imp]ceptible /ate1 into :at we und]/& ( visible1 palpable1 or o!rwise appreciable nebulosity4 ,n[1 ! condition ( ?is mass implies a rotation ab\t an imag9>y axis--a rotation :i*1 comm5c+ ) ! absolute incipi5cy ( ! aggregation1 has be5 ev] s9ce acquir+ velocity4 ,! v fir/ two atoms :i* met1 approa*+ ea* o!r f po9ts n diametrically opposite1 w\ld1 9 ru%+ p>tially pa/ ea* o!r1 =m a nucleus = ! rot>y movem5t describ$4 ,h[ ?is w\ld increase 9 velocity1 is readily se54 ,! two atoms are jo9$ by o!rs3--an aggregation is =m$4 ,! mass cont9ues to rotate :ile cond5s+4 ,b any atom at ! circumf]5ce has1 ( c\rse1 a m rapid motion ?an "o ne>] ! c5tre4 ,! out] atom1 h[ev]1 ) its sup]ior velocity1 approa*es ! c5tre2 c>ry+ ?is sup]ior velocity ) x z x goes4 ,?us e atom1 proce$+ inw>dly1 & f9ally atta*+ itself to ! cond5s$ c5tre1 adds some?+ to ! orig9al velocity ( t c5tre--t is to say1 increases ! rot>y movem5t ( ! mass4 ,let u n[ suppose ?is mass s f> cond5s$ t x occupies precisely ! space circumscrib$ by ! orbit ( ,neptune1 & t ! velocity ) :i* ! surface ( ! mass moves1 9 ! g5]al rotation1 is precisely t velocity ) :i* ,neptune n[ revolves ab\t ! ,sun4 ,at ?is epo*1 !n1 we are to und]/& t ! con/antly increas+ c5trifugal =ce1 hav+ gott5 ! bett] ( ! non-increas+ c5tripetal1 loos5$ & sep>at$ ! ext]ior & lea/ cond5s$ /ratum1 or a few ( ! ext]ior & lea/ cond5s$ /rata1 at ! equator ( ! sph]e1 :]e ! tang5tial velocity pr$om9at$2 s t ^! /rata =m$ ab\t ! ma9 body an indep5d5t r+ encircl+ ! equatorial regions3--j z ! ext]ior portion ?r[n (f1 by excessive velocity ( rotation1 f a gr9d/one1 w\ld =m a r+ ab\t ! gr9d/one1 b = ! solidity ( ! sup]ficial mat]ial3 7 ?is ca\t*\c1 or any?+ simil> 9 consi/5cy1 precisely ! phnom5on ,i describe w\ld be pres5t$4 ,! r+ ?us :irl$ f ! nebul\s mass1 revolv$1 ( c\rse1 z a sep>ate r+1 ) j t velocity ) :i*1 :ile ! surface ( ! mass1 x rotat$4 ,9 ! meantime1 cond5sation /ill proce$+1 ! int]val betwe5 ! dis*>g$ r+ & ! ma9 body cont9u$ to increase1 until ! =m] 0 left at a va/ di/ance f ! latt]4 ,n[1 admitt+ ! r+ to h possess$1 by "s seem+ly accid5tal arrangem5t ( its het]og5e\s mat]ials1 a con/itution ne>ly uni=m1 !n ?is r+1 z su*1 w\ld nev] h ceas$ revolv+ ab\t its prim>y2 b1 z might h be5 anticipat$1 !re appe>s to h be5 en\gh irregul>ity 9 ! disposition ( ! mat]ials1 to make !m clu/] ab\t c5tres ( sup]ior solidity2 & ?us ! annul> =m 0 de/roy$4#e ,no d\bt1 ! b& 0 soon brok5 up into sev]al portions1 & "o ( ^! portions1 pr$om9at+ 9 mass1 absorb$ ! o!rs into itself2 ! :ole settl+1 sph]ically1 into a planet4 ,t ?is latt]1 z a planet1 cont9u$ ! revolution>y movem5t :i* *>act]iz$ x :ile a r+1 is suffici5tly cle>2 & t x took ^u itself also1 an additional movem5t 9 its new condition ( sph]e1 is readily expla9$4 ,! r+ be+ und]/ood z yet unbrok51 we see t its ext]ior1 :ile ! :ole revolves ab\t ! p>5t body1 moves m rapidly ?an its int]ior4 ,:5 ! rupture occurr$1 !n1 "s portion 9 ea* fragm5t mu/ h be5 mov+ ) great] velocity ?an ! o!rs4 ,! sup]ior movem5t prevail+1 mu/ h :irl$ ea* fragm5t r\nd--t is to say1 h caus$ x to rotate2 & ! direction ( ! rotation mu/1 ( c\rse1 h be5 ! direction ( ! revolution :5ce x arose4 ,all ! fragm5ts hav+ become subject to ! rotation describ$1 mu/1 9 coalesc+1 h imp>t$ x to ! "o planet con/itut$ by _! coalesc5ce4--,?is planet 0 ,neptune4 ,its mat]ial cont9u+ to und]go cond5sation1 & ! c5trifugal =ce g5]at$ 9 its rotation gett+1 at l5g?1 ! bett] ( ! c5tripetal1 z be=e 9 ! case ( ! p>5t orb1 a r+ 0 :irl$ also f ! equatorial surface ( ?is planet3 ?is r+1 hav+ be5 ununi=m 9 its con/itution1 0 brok5 up1 & its sev]al fragm5ts1 be+ absorb$ by ! mo/ massive1 7 collectively sph]ifi$ into a moon4 ,subsequ5tly1 ! op]ation 0 repeat$1 & a second moon 0 ! result4 ,we ?us acc\nt = ! planet ,neptune1 ) ! two satellites :i* accompany him4 #e ,laplace assum$ 8 nebulosity het]og5e\s1 m]ely t he might be ?us enabl$ to acc\nt = ! break+ up ( ! r+s2 = _h ! nebulosity be5 homog5e\s1 !y w\ld n h brok54 ,i rea* ! same result--het]og5eity ( ! second>y masses imm$iately result+ f ! atoms--purely f an priori consid]ation ( _! g5]al design--,relation4 ,9 ?r[+ (f a r+ f its equator1 ! ,sun re-e/abli%$ t equilibrium betwe5 its c5tripetal & c5trifugal =ces :i* _h be5 di/urb$ 9 ! process ( cond5sation2 b1 z ?is cond5sation /ill proce$$1 ! equilibrium 0 aga9 imm$iately di/urb$1 ?r\gh ! increase ( rotation4 ,by ! "t ! mass _h s f> %runk t x occupi$ a sph]ical space j t circumscrib$ by ! orbit ( ,uranus1 we are to und]/& t ! c5trifugal =ce _h s f> obta9$ ! asc5d5cy t new relief 0 ne$$3 a second equatorial b& 01 consequ5tly1 ?r[n (f1 :i*1 prov+ ununi=m1 0 brok5 up1 z be=e 9 ! case ( ,neptune2 ! fragm5ts settl+ into ! planet ,uranus2 ! velocity ( ^: actual revolution ab\t ! ,sun indicates1 ( c\rse1 ! rot>y spe$ ( t ,sun's equatorial surface at ! mom5t ( ! sep>ation4 ,uranus1 adopt+ a rotation f ! collective rotations ( ! fragm5ts compos+ x1 z previ\sly expla9$1 n[ ?rew (f r+ aft] r+2 ea* ( :i*1 becom+ brok5 up1 settl$ into a moon3--?ree moons1 at diff]5t epo*s1 hav+ be5 =m$1 9 ?is mann]1 by ! rupture & g5]al sph]ification ( z _m di/9ct ununi=m r+s4 ,by ! "t ! ,sun _h %runk until x occupi$ a space j t circumscrib$ by ! orbit ( ,saturn1 ! balance1 we are to suppose1 betwe5 its c5tripetal & c5trifugal =ces _h aga9 become s f> di/urb$1 ?r\gh increase ( rot>y velocity1 ! result ( cond5sation1 t a ?ird ef=t at equilibrium became necess>y2 & an annul> b& 0 !re=e :irl$ (f z twice be=e2 :i*1 on rupture ?r\gh ununi=mity1 became consolidat$ into ! planet ,saturn4 ,?is latt] ?rew (f1 9 ! fir/ place1 sev5 uni=m b&s1 :i*1 on rupture1 7 sph]ifi$ respectively into z _m moons2 b1 subsequ5tly1 x appe>s to h dis*>g$1 at ?ree di/9ct b n v di/ant epo*s1 ?ree r+s ^: equability ( con/itution 01 by app>5t accid5t1 s consid]able z to pres5t no occasion = _! rupture2 ?us !y cont9ue to revolve z r+s4 ,i use ! phrase 8app>5t accid5t20 = ( accid5t 9 ! ord9>y s5se !re 01 ( c\rse1 no?+3--! t]m is prop]ly appli$ only to ! result ( indi/+ui%able or n imm$iately traceable law4 ,%r9k+ /ill f>!r1 until x occupi$ j ! space circumscrib$ by ! orbit ( ,jupit]1 ! ,sun n[ f\nd ne$ ( f>!r ef=t to re/ore ! c\nt]balance ( its two =ces1 cont9ually dis>rang$ 9 ! /ill cont9u$ increase ( rotation4 ,jupit]1 accord+ly1 0 n[ ?r[n (f2 pass+ f ! annul> to ! planet>y condition2 &1 on atta9+ ?is latt]1 ?rew (f 9 its turn1 at f\r diff]5t epo*s1 f\r r+s1 :i* f9ally resolv$ !mselves into s _m moons4 ,/ill %r9k+1 until its sph]e occupi$ j ! space def9$ by ! orbit ( ! ,a/]oids1 ! ,sun n[ disc>d$ a r+ :i* appe>s to h _h eight c5tres ( sup]ior solidity1 &1 on break+ up1 to h sep>at$ into eight fragm5ts no "o ( :i* s f> pr$om9at$ 9 mass z to absorb ! o!rs4 ,all !re=e1 z di/9ct al?\gh comp>atively small planets1 proce$$ to revolve 9 orbits ^: di/ances1 ea* f ea*1 may be consid]$ z 9 "s degree ! measure ( ! =ce :i* drove !m asund]3--all ! orbits1 nev]!less1 be+ s closely co9cid5t z to admit ( our call+ !m "o1 9 view ( ! o!r planet>y orbits4 ,cont9u+ to %r9k1 ! ,sun1 on becom+ s small z j to fill ! orbit ( ,m>s1 n[ dis*>g$ ?is planet--( c\rse by ! process repeat$ly describ$4 ,hav+ no moon1 h[ev]1 ,m>s c\ld h ?r[n (f no r+4 ,9 fact1 an epo* _h n[ arriv$ 9 ! c>e] ( ! p>5t body1 ! c5tre ( ! sy/em4 ,! decrease ( its nebulosity1 :i* is ! 9crease ( its d5sity1 & :i* aga9 is ! decrease ( its cond5sation1 out ( :i* latt] arose ! con/ant di/urbance ( equilibrium--mu/1 by ?is p]iod1 h atta9$ a po9t at :i* ! ef=ts = re/oration w\ld h be5 m & m ineffectual j 9 proportion z !y 7 less frequ5tly ne$$4 ,?us ! processes ( :i* we h be5 speak+ w\ld ev]y:]e %[ signs ( exhau/ion--9 ! planets1 fir/1 & secondly1 9 ! orig9al mass4 ,we mu/ n fall into ! error ( suppos+ ! decrease ( int]val obs]v$ among ! planets z we approa* ! ,sun1 to be 9 any respect indicative ( an increase ( frequ5cy 9 ! p]iods at :i* !y 7 disc>d$4 ,exactly ! conv]se is to be und]/ood4 ,! longe/ int]val ( "t mu/ h occurr$ betwe5 ! dis*>ges ( ! two int]ior2 ! %orte/1 betwe5 ^? ( ! two ext]ior1 planets4 ,! decrease ( ! int]val ( space is1 nev]!less1 ! measure ( ! d5sity1 & ?us inv]sely ( ! cond5sation1 ( ! ,sun1 ?r\gh\t ! processes detail$4 ,hav+ %runk1 h[ev]1 s f> z to fill only ! orbit ( our ,e>?1 ! p>5t sph]e :irl$ f itself /ill "o o!r body--! ,e>?--9 a condition s nebul\s z to admit ( ?is body's disc>d+1 9 its turn1 yet ano!r1 :i* is our ,moon2--b "h t]m9at$ ! lun> =mations4 ,f9ally1 subsid+ to ! orbits fir/ ( ,v5us & !n ( ,m]cury1 ! ,sun disc>d$ ^! two int]ior planets2 nei!r ( :i* has giv5 bir? to any moon4 ,?us f 8 orig9al bulk--or1 to speak m accurately1 f ! condition 9 :i* we fir/ consid]$ him--f a p>tially sph]ifi$ nebul> mass1 c]ta9ly mu* m ?an #e1fjj millions ( miles 9 diamet]--! great c5tral orb & orig9 ( our sol>-planet>y-lun> sy/em1 has gradually desc5d$1 by cond5sation1 9 ob$i5ce to ! law ( ,gravity1 to a globe only #hhb1jjj miles 9 diamet]2 b x by no means foll[s1 ei!r t its cond5sation is yet complete1 or t x may n /ill possess ! capacity ( :irl+ f itself ano!r planet4 ,i h "h giv5--9 outl9e ( c\rse1 b /ill ) all ! detail necess>y = di/9ctness--a view ( ! ,nebul> ,!ory z its au?or himself conceiv$ x4 ,f :atev] po9t we reg>d x1 we %all f9d x beautifully true4 ,x is by f> too beautiful1 inde$1 n to possess ,tru? z its ess5tiality--& "h ,i am v pr(\ndly s]i\s 9 :at ,i say4 ,9 ! revolution ( ! satellites ( ,uranus1 !re does appe> some?+ seem+ly inconsi/5t ) ! assumptions ( ,laplace2 b t "o inconsi/5cy c invalidate a !ory con/ruct$ f a million ( intricate consi/5cies1 is a fancy fit only = ! fanta/ic4 ,9 prophecy+1 confid5tly1 t ! app>5t anomaly to :i* ,i ref]1 w1 soon] or lat]1 be f\nd "o ( ! /ronge/ possible corroborations ( ! g5]al hypo!sis1 ,i pret5d to no especial _s ( div9ation4 ,x is a matt] :i* ! only difficulty seems n to =esee4#f #f ,i am prep>$ to %[ t ! anomal\s revolution ( ! satellites ( ,uranus is a simply p]spective anomaly aris+ f ! incl9ation ( ! axis ( ! planet4 ,! bodies :irl$ (f 9 ! processes describ$1 w\ld ex*ange1 x has be5 se51 ! sup]ficial rotation ( ! orbs :5ce !y orig9at$1 = a revolution ( equal velocity ab\t ^! orbs z di/ant c5tres2 & ! revolution ?us eng5d]$ mu/ proce$1 s long z ! c5tripetal =ce1 or t ) :i* ! disc>d$ body gravitates t[>d its p>5t1 is nei!r great] nor less ?an t by :i* x 0 disc>d$2 t is1 ?an ! c5trifugal1 or1 f> m prop]ly1 ?an ! tang5tial1 velocity4 ,f ! unity1 h[ev]1 ( ! orig9 ( ^! two =ces1 we might h expect$ to f9d !m z !y are f\nd--! "o accurately c\nt]balanc+ ! o!r4 ,x has be5 %[n1 inde$1 t ! act ( :irl+-(f is1 9 e case1 m]ely an act = ! pres]vation ( ! c\nt]balance4 ,aft] ref]r+1 h[ev]1 ! c5tripetal =ce to ! omnipreval5t law ( ,gravity1 x has be5 ! fa%ion ) a/ronomical treatises1 to seek beyond ! limits ( m]e ,nature--t is to say1 ( ,second>y ,cause--a solution ( ! phnom5on ( tang5tial velocity4 ,?is latt] !y attribute directly to a ,fir/ ,cause--to ,god4 ,! =ce :i* c>ries a /ell> body ar\nd its prim>y !y ass]t to h orig9at$ 9 an impulse giv5 imm$iately by ! f+]--?is is ! *ildi% phraseology employ$--by ! f+] ( ,deity itself4 ,9 ?is view1 ! planets1 fully =m$1 are conceiv$ to h be5 hurl$ f ! ,div9e h&1 to a position 9 ! vic9ity ( ! suns1 ) an impetus ma!matically adapt$ to ! masses1 or attractive capacities1 ( ! suns !mselves4 ,an idea s grossly unphilosophical1 al?\gh s sup9ely adopt$1 c\ld h aris5 only f ! difficulty ( o!rwise acc\nt+ = ! absolutely accurate adaptation1 ea* to ea*1 ( two =ces s seem+ly indep5d5t1 "o ( ! o!r1 z are ! gravitat+ & tang5tial4 ,b x %\ld be rememb]$ t1 = a long "t1 ! co9cid5ce betwe5 ! moon's rotation & h] sid]eal revolution--two matt]s seem+ly f> m indep5d5t ?an ^? n[ consid]$--0 look$ ^u z positively miracul\s2 & !re 0 a /rong disposition1 ev5 among a/ronom]s1 to attribute ! m>vel to ! direct & cont9ual ag5cy ( ,god--:o1 9 ?is case1 x 0 said1 _h f\nd x necess>y to int]pose1 specially1 among 8 g5]al laws1 a set ( subsidi>y regulations1 = ! purpose ( =ev] conceal+ f mortal eyes ! glories1 or p]haps ! horrors1 ( ! o!r side ( ! ,moon--( t my/]i\s hemisph]e :i* has always avoid$1 & mu/ p]petually avoid1 ! telescopic scrut9y ( mank9d4 ,! advance ( ,sci5ce1 h[ev]1 soon demon/rat$--:at to ! philosophical in/9ct ne$$ no demon/ration--t ! "o movem5t is b a portion--some?+ m1 ev51 ?an a consequ5ce--( ! o!r4 ,= my "p1 ,i h no pati5ce ) fantasies at once s timor\s1 s idle1 & s awkw>d4 ,!y belong to ! v]ie/ c[>dice ( ?\ght4 ,t ,nature & ! ,god ( ,nature are di/9ct1 no ?9k+ be+ c long d\bt4 ,by ! =m] we imply m]ely ! laws ( ! latt]4 ,b ) ! v idea ( ,god1 omnipot5t1 omnisci5t1 we ent]ta91 also1 ! idea ( ! infallibility ( 8 laws4 ,) ,him !re be+ nei!r ,pa/ nor ,future--) ,him all be+ ,n[--d we n insult him 9 suppos+ 8 laws s contriv$ z n to provide = e possible cont+5cy8--or1 r1 :at idea c we h ( any possible cont+5cy1 except t x is at once a result & a manife/ation ( 8 laws8 ,he :o1 dive/+ himself ( prejudice1 %all h ! r>e c\rage to ?9k absolutely = himself1 _c fail to arrive1 9 ! end1 at ! cond5sation ( laws into ,law--_c fail ( rea*+ ! conclusion t ea* law ( ,nature is dep5d5t at all po9ts ^u all o!r laws1 & t all are b consequ5ces ( "o prim>y ex]cise ( ! ,div9e ,volition4 ,su* is ! pr9ciple ( ! ,cosmogony :i*1 ) all necess>y def]5ce1 ,i "h v5ture to sugge/ & to ma9ta94 ,9 ?is view1 x w be se5 t1 dismiss+ z frivol\s1 & ev5 impi\s1 ! fancy ( ! tang5tial =ce hav+ be5 imp>t$ to ! planets imm$iately by 8! f+] ( ,god10 ,i consid] ?is =ce z orig9at+ 9 ! rotation ( ! />s3--?is rotation z br\ght ab\t by ! 9-ru%+ ( ! prim>y atoms1 t[>ds _! respective c5tres ( aggregation3--?is 9-ru%+ z ! consequ5ce ( ! law ( ,gravity3--?is law z b ! mode 9 :i* is necess>ily manife/$ ! t5d5cy ( ! atoms to return into imp>ticul>ity3--?is t5d5cy to return z b ! inevitable raction ( ! fir/ & mo/ sublime ( ,acts--t act by :i* a ,god1 self-exi/+ & alone exi/+1 became all ?+s at once1 ?r\gh d9t ( 8 volition1 :ile all ?+s 7 ?us con/itut$ a portion ( ,god4 ,! radical assumptions ( ?is ,disc\rse sugge/ to me1 & 9 fact imply1 c]ta9 important modifications ( ! ,nebul> ,!ory z giv5 by ,laplace4 ,! ef=ts ( ! repulsive p[] ,i h consid]$ z made = ! purpose ( prev5t+ contact among ! atoms1 & ?us z made 9 ! ratio ( ! approa* to contact--t is to say1 9 ! ratio ( cond5sation4#g ,9 o!r words1 ,electricity1 ) its involute phnom5a1 heat1 light & magnetism1 is to be und]/ood z proce$+ z cond5sation proce$s1 &1 ( c\rse1 inv]sely z d5sity proce$s1 or ! cessation to cond5se4 ,?us ! ,sun1 9 ! process ( its aggregation1 mu/ soon1 9 develop+ repulsion1 h become excessively heat$--p]haps inc&esc5t3 & we c p]ceive h[ ! op]ation ( disc>d+ its r+s mu/ h be5 mat]ially assi/$ by ! slight incru/ation ( its surface consequ5t on cool+4 ,any common exp]im5t %[s u h[ readily a cru/ ( ! "* sugge/$1 is sep>at$1 ?r\gh het]og5eity1 f ! int]ior mass4 ,b1 on e successive rejection ( ! cru/1 ! new surface w\ld appe> inc&esc5t z be=e2 & ! p]iod at :i* x w\ld aga9 become s f> encru/$ z to be readily loos5$ & dis*>g$1 may well be imag9$ z exactly co9cid5t ) t at :i* a new ef=t w\ld be ne$$1 by ! :ole mass1 to re/ore ! equilibrium ( its two =ces1 dis>rang$ ?r\gh cond5sation4 ,9 o!r words3--by ! "t ! electric influ5ce 7,repulsion7 has prep>$ ! surface = rejection1 we are to und]/& t ! gravitat+ influ5ce 7,attraction7 is precisely ready to reject x4 ,"h1 !n1 z ev]y:]e1 ! ,body & ! ,s\l walk h& 9 h&4 #g ,see page #gj4 ,^! ideas are empirically confirm$ at all po9ts4 ,s9ce cond5sation c nev]1 9 any body1 be consid]$ z absolutely at an end1 we are w>rant$ 9 anticipat+ t1 :5ev] we h an opportunity ( te/+ ! matt]1 we %all f9d indications ( resid5t lum9osity 9 all ! /ell> bodies--moons & planets z well z suns4 ,t our ,moon is /rongly self-lum9\s1 we see at h] e total eclipse1 :51 if n s1 %e w\ld disappe>4 ,on ! d>k "p ( ! satellite1 too1 dur+ h] phases1 we (t5 obs]ve fla%es l our own ,auroras2 & t ^! latt]1 ) our v>i\s o!r s-call$ electrical phnom5a1 )\t ref]5ce to any m /eady radiance1 mu/ give our ,e>? a c]ta9 appe>ance ( lum9osity to an inhabitant ( ! ,moon1 is q evid5t4 ,9 fact1 we %\ld reg>d all ! phnom5a ref]r$ to1 z m]e manife/ations1 9 diff]5t moods & degrees1 ( ! ,e>?'s feebly-cont9u$ cond5sation4 ,if my views are t5able1 we %\ld be prep>$ to f9d ! new] planets--t is to say1 ^? ne>] ! ,sun--m lum9\s ?an ^? old] & m remote3--& ! extreme brilliancy ( ,v5us 7on ^: d>k portions1 dur+ h] phases1 ! ,auroras are frequ5tly visible7 does n seem to be altoge!r acc\nt$ = by h] m]e proximity to ! c5tral orb4 ,%e is no d\bt vividly self-lum9\s1 al?\gh less s ?an ,m]cury3 :ile ! lum9osity ( ,neptune may be comp>atively no?+4 ,admitt+ :at ,i h urg$1 x is cle> t1 f ! mom5t ( ! ,sun's disc>d+ a r+1 !re mu/ be a cont9u\s dim9ution bo? ( 8 heat & light1 on acc\nt ( ! cont9u\s encru/ation ( 8 surface2 & t a p]iod w\ld arrive--! p]iod imm$iately previ\s to a new dis*>ge--:5 a v mat]ial decrease ( bo? light & heat1 mu/ become app>5t4 ,n[1 we "k t tok5s ( su* *anges are di/9ctly recognizable4 ,on ! ,melville isl&s--to adduce m]ely "o out ( a hundr$ examples--we f9d traces ( ultra-tropical vegetation--( plants t nev] c\ld h fl\ri%$ )\t imm5sely m light & heat ?an are at pres5t af=d$ by our ,sun to any portion ( ! surface ( ! ,e>?4 ,is su* vegetation ref]able to an epo* imm$iately subsequ5t to ! :irl+-(f ( ,v5us8 ,at ?is epo* mu/ h occurr$ to u our greate/ access ( sol> influ5ce2 &1 9 fact1 ?is influ5ce mu/ !n h atta9$ its maximum3--leav+ out ( view1 ( c\rse1 ! p]iod :5 ! ,e>? itself 0 disc>d$--! p]iod ( its m]e organization4 ,aga93--we "k t !re exi/ non-lum9\s suns--t is to say1 suns ^: exi/5ce we det]m9e ?r\gh ! movem5ts ( o!rs1 b ^: lum9osity is n suffici5t to impress u4 ,are ^! suns invisible m]ely on acc\nt ( ! l5g? ( "t elaps$ s9ce _! dis*>ge ( a planet8 ,& yet aga93--may we n--at lea/ 9 c]ta9 cases--acc\nt = ! sudd5 appe>ances ( suns :]e none _h be5 previ\sly suspect$1 by ! hypo!sis t1 hav+ roll$ ) encru/$ surfaces ?r\gh\t ! few ?\s& ye>s ( our a/ronomical hi/ory1 ea* ( ^! suns1 9 :irl+ (f a new second>y1 has at l5g? be5 enabl$ to display ! glories ( its /ill inc&esc5t int]ior8--,to ! well-asc]ta9$ fact ( ! proportional increase ( heat z we desc5d into ! ,e>?1 ,i ne$ ( c\rse1 d no?+ m ?an ref]3--x comes 9 ! /ronge/ possible corroboration ( all t ,i h said on ! topic n[ at issue4 ,9 speak+1 n long ago1 ( ! repulsive or electrical influ5ce1 ,i rem>k$ t 8! important phnom5a ( vitality1 consci\sness1 & ?\ght1 :e!r we obs]ve !m g5]ally or 9 detail1 seem to proce$ at lea/ 9 ! ratio ( ! het]og5e\s40#h ,i m5tion$1 too1 t ,i w\ld recur to ! sugge/ion3--& ?is is ! prop] po9t at :i* to d s4 ,look+ at ! matt]1 fir/1 9 detail1 we p]ceive t n m]ely ! manife/ation ( vitality1 b its importance1 consequ5ce1 & elevation ( "*1 keep pace1 v closely1 ) ! het]og5eity1 or complexity1 ( ! animal /ructure4 ,look+ at ! "q1 n[1 9 its g5]ality1 & ref]r+ to ! fir/ movem5ts ( ! atoms t[>ds mass-con/itution1 we f9d t het]og5e\sness1 br\ght ab\t directly ?r\gh cond5sation1 is proportional ) x =ev]4 ,we ?us rea* ! proposition t ! importance ( ! developm5t ( ! t]re/rial vitality proce$s equably ) ! t]re/rial cond5sation4 #h ,page #cf4 ,n[ ?is is 9 precise accordance ) :at we "k ( ! succession ( animals on ! ,e>?4 ,z x has proce$$ 9 its cond5sation1 sup]ior & /ill sup]ior races h appe>$4 ,is x impossible t ! successive geological revolutions :i* h att5d$1 at lea/1 if n imm$iately caus$1 ^! successive elevations ( vitalic "*--is x improbable t ^! revolutions h !mselves be5 produc$ by ! successive planet>y dis*>ges f ! ,sun--9 o!r words1 by ! successive v>iations 9 ! sol> influ5ce on ! ,e>?8 ,7 ?is idea t5able1 we %\ld n be unw>rant$ 9 ! fancy t ! dis*>ge ( yet a new planet1 int]ior to ,m]cury1 may give rise to yet a new modification ( ! t]re/rial surface--a modification f :i* may spr+ a race bo? mat]ially & spiritually sup]ior to ,man4 ,^! ?\ghts impress me ) all ! =ce ( tru?--b ,i ?r[ !m out1 ( c\rse1 m]ely 9 _! obvi\s "* ( sugge/ion4 ,! ,nebul> ,!ory ( ,laplace has lately receiv$ f> m confirmation ?an x ne$$1 at ! h&s ( ! philosoph]1 ,compte4 ,^! two h ?us toge!r %[n--n1 to be sure1 t ,matt] at any p]iod actually exi/$ z describ$1 9 a /ate ( nebul> diffusion1 b t1 admitt+ x s to h exi/$ ?r\gh\t ! space & mu* beyond ! space n[ occupi$ by our sol> sy/em1 & to h comm5c$ a movem5t t[>ds a c5tre--x mu/ gradually h assum$ ! v>i\s =ms & motions :i* are n[ se51 9 t sy/em1 to obta94 ,a demon/ration su* z ?is--a dynamical & ma!matical demon/ration1 z f> z demon/ration c be--unque/ionable & unque/ion$--unless1 inde$1 by t unpr(itable & disreputable tribe1 ! pr(essional que/ion]s--! m]e madm5 :o d5y ! ,newtonian law ( ,gravity on :i* ! results ( ! ,fr5* ma!maticians are bas$--a demon/ration1 ,i say1 su* z ?is1 w\ld to mo/ intellects be conclusive--& ,i confess t x is s to m9e--( ! validity ( ! nebul> hypo!sis ^u :i* ! demon/ration dep5ds4 ,t ! demon/ration does n prove ! hypo!sis1 accord+ to ! common und]/&+ ( ! ^w 8pro(10 ,i admit1 ( c\rse4 ,to %[ t c]ta9 exi/+ results--t c]ta9 e/abli%$ facts--may be1 ev5 ma!matically1 acc\nt$ = by ! assumption ( a c]ta9 hypo!sis1 is by no means to e/abli% ! hypo!sis itself4 ,9 o!r words3--to %[ t1 c]ta9 data be+ giv51 a c]ta9 exi/+ result might1 or ev5 mu/1 h ensu$1 w fail to prove t ?is result did ensue1 f ! data1 until su* "t z x %all be also %[n t !re are1 & c be1 no o!r data f :i* ! result 9 "q might equally h ensu$4 ,b1 9 ! case n[ discuss$1 al?\gh all mu/ admit ! defici5cy ( :at we are 9 ! habit ( t]m+ 8pro(10 /ill !re are _m intellects1 & ^? ( ! l(tie/ ord]1 to :i* no pro( c\ld br+ "o iota ( additional conviction4 ,)\t go+ into details :i* might imp+e ^u ! ,cl\d-,l& ( ,metaphysics1 ,i may z well "h obs]ve t ! =ce ( conviction1 9 cases su* z ?is1 w always1 ) ! "r-?9k+1 be proportional to ! am\nt ( complexity int]v5+ betwe5 ! hypo!sis & ! result4 ,to be less ab/ract3--,! greatness ( ! complexity f\nd exi/+ among cosmical conditions1 by r5d]+ great 9 ! same proportion ! difficulty ( acc\nt+ = all ^! conditions at once1 /r5g!ns1 also 9 ! same proportion1 our fai? 9 t hypo!sis :i* does1 9 su* mann]1 satisfactorily acc\nt = !m3--& z no complexity c well be conceiv$ great] ?an t ( ! a/ronomical conditions1 s no conviction c be /rong]--to my m9d at lea/--?an t ) :i* ,i am impress$ by an hypo!sis t n only reconciles ^! conditions1 ) ma!matical accuracy1 & r$uces !m into a consi/5t & intelligible :ole1 b is1 at ! same "t1 ! sole hypo!sis by means ( :i* ! human intellect has be5 ev] enabl$ to acc\nt = !m at all4 ,a mo/ unf\nd$ op9ion has become latt]ly curr5t 9 gossip+ & ev5 9 sci5tific circles--! op9ion t ! s-call$ ,nebul> ,cosmogony has be5 ov]?r[n4 ,?is fancy has aris5 f ! report ( late obs]vations made1 among :at hi!rto h be5 t]m$ ! 8nebul10 ?r\gh ! l>ge telescope ( ,c9c9nati1 & ! _w-r5[n$ in/rum5t ( ,"l ,rosse4 ,c]ta9 spots 9 ! firmam5t :i* pres5t$1 ev5 to ! mo/ p[]ful ( ! old telescopes1 ! appe>ance ( nebulosity1 or haze1 _h be5 reg>d$ = a long "t z confirm+ ! !ory ( ,laplace4 ,!y 7 look$ ^u z />s 9 t v process ( cond5sation :i* ,i h be5 attempt+ to describe4 ,?us x 0 suppos$ t we 8_h ocul> evid5ce0--an evid5ce1 by ! way1 :i* has always be5 f\nd v que/ionable--( ! tru? ( ! hypo!sis2 &1 al?\gh c]ta9 telescopic improvem5ts1 e n[ & !n1 enabl$ u to p]ceive t a spot1 "h & !re1 :i* we _h be5 class+ among ! nebul1 01 9 fact1 b a clu/] ( />s d]iv+ its nebul> "* only f its imm5sity ( di/ance--/ill x 0 ?\ght t no d\bt c\ld exi/ z to ! actual nebulosity ( num]\s o!r masses1 ! /rong-holds ( ! nebuli/s1 bidd+ defiance to e ef=t at segregation4 ,( ^! latt] ! mo/ int]e/+ 0 ! great 8nebul0 9 ! con/ellation ,orion3--b ?is1 ) innum]able o!r mis-call$ 8nebul10 :5 view$ ?r\gh ! magnific5t mod]n telescopes1 has become resolv$ into a simple collection ( />s4 ,n[ ?is fact has be5 v g5]ally und]/ood z conclusive aga9/ ! ,nebul> ,hypo!sis ( ,laplace2 &1 on ann\ncem5t ( ! discov]ies 9 "q1 ! mo/ en?usia/ic def5d] & mo/ eloqu5t popul>iz] ( ! !ory1 ,dr4 ,ni*ol1 w5t s f> z to 8admit ! necessity ( ab&on+0 an idea :i* _h =m$ ! mat]ial ( 8 mo/ praisewor?y book4#i #i 8,views ( ! ,ar*itecture ( ! ,heav5s40 ,a lett]1 purport+ to be f ,dr4 ,ni*ol to a fri5d 9 ,am]ica1 w5t ! r\nds ( our newspap]s1 ab\t two ye>s ago1 ,i ?9k1 admitt+ 8! necessity0 to :i* ,i ref]4 ,9 a subsequ5t ,lecture1 h[ev]1 ,dr4 ,n4 appe>s 9 "s mann] to h gott5 ! bett] ( ! necessity1 & does n q r5\nce ! !ory1 al?\gh he seems to wi% t he c\ld sne] at x z 8a purely hypo!tical "o40 ,:at else 0 ! ,law ( ,gravity be=e ! ,maskelyne exp]im5ts8 & :o que/ion$ ! ,law ( ,gravity1 ev5 !n8 ,_m ( my read]s w no d\bt be incl9$ to say t ! result ( ^! new inve/igations has at lea/ a /rong t5d5cy to ov]?r[ ! hypo!sis2 :ile "s ( !m1 m ?\ghtful1 w sugge/ t1 al?\gh ! !ory is by no means disprov$ ?r\gh ! segregation ( ! p>ticul> 8nebul10 allud$ to1 /ill a failure to segregate !m1 ) su* telescopes1 might well h be5 und]/ood z a triumphant corroboration ( ! !ory3--& ?is latt] class w be surpris$1 p]haps1 to he> me say t ev5 ) !m ,i disagree4 ,if ! propositions ( ?is ,disc\rse h be5 compreh5d$1 x w be se5 t1 9 my view1 a failure to segregate ! 8nebul0 w\ld h t5d$ to ! refutation1 r ?an to ! confirmation1 ( ! ,nebul> ,hypo!sis4 ,let me expla93--,! ,newtonian ,law ( ,gravity we may1 ( c\rse1 assume z demon/rat$4 ,?is law1 x w be rememb]$1 ,i h ref]r$ to ! raction ( ! fir/ ,div9e ,act--to ! raction ( an ex]cise ( ! ,div9e ,volition tempor>ily ov]com+ a difficulty4 ,?is difficulty is t ( =c+ ! normal into ! abnormal--( impell+ t ^: orig9ality1 & !re=e ^: rightful condition1 0 ,"o1 to take ^u itself ! wrongful condition ( ,_m4 ,x is only by conceiv+ ?is difficulty z tempor>ily ov]come1 t we c compreh5d a raction4 ,!re c\ld h be5 no raction _h ! act be5 inf9itely cont9u$4 ,s long z ! act la/$1 no raction1 ( c\rse1 c\ld comm5ce2 9 o!r words1 no gravitation c\ld take place--= we h consid]$ ! "o z b ! manife/ation ( ! o!r4 ,b gravitation has tak5 place2 !re=e ! act ( ,creation has ceas$3 & gravitation has long ago tak5 place2 !re=e ! act ( ,creation has long ago ceas$4 ,we c no m expect1 !n1 to obs]ve ! prim>y processes ( ,creation2 & to ^! prim>y processes ! condition ( nebulosity has already be5 expla9$ to belong4 ,?r\gh :at we "k ( ! propagation ( light1 we h direct pro( t ! m remote ( ! />s h exi/$1 "u ! =ms 9 :i* we n[ see !m1 = an inconceivable numb] ( ye>s4 ,s f> back at lea/1 !n1 z ! p]iod :5 ^! />s und]w5t cond5sation1 mu/ h be5 ! epo* at :i* ! mass-con/itutive processes began4 ,t we may conceive ^! processes1 !n1 z /ill go+ on 9 ! case ( c]ta9 8nebul10 :ile 9 all o!r cases we f9d !m ?or\ghly at an end1 we are =c$ into assumptions = :i* we h really no basis :atev]--we h to ?ru/ 91 aga91 ^u ! revolt+ ,reason1 ! blasphem\s idea ( special int]position--we h to suppose t1 9 ! p>ticul> in/ances ( ^! 8nebul10 an un]r+ ,god f\nd x necess>y to introduce c]ta9 supplem5t>y regulations--c]ta9 improvem5ts ( ! g5]al law--c]ta9 ret\*+s & em5dations1 9 a ^w1 :i* _h ! effect ( def]r+ ! completion ( ^! individual />s = c5turies ( c5turies beyond ! ra dur+ :i* all ! o!r /ell> bodies _h "t1 n only to be fully con/itut$1 b to gr[ ho>y ) an unspeakable old age4 ,( c\rse1 x w be imm$iately object$ t s9ce ! light by :i* we recognize ! nebul n[1 mu/ be m]ely t :i* left _! surfaces a va/ numb] ( ye>s ago1 ! processes at pres5t obs]v$1 or suppos$ to be obs]v$1 are1 9 fact1 n processes n[ actually go+ on1 b ! phantoms ( processes complet$ long 9 ! ,pa/--j z ,i ma9ta9 all ^! mass-con/itutive processes mu/ h be54 ,to ?is ,i reply t nei!r is ! n[-obs]v$ condition ( ! cond5s$ />s _! actual condition1 b a condition complet$ long 9 ! ,pa/2 s t my argum5t drawn f ! relative condition ( ! />s & ! 8nebul10 is 9 no mann] di/urb$4 ,moreov]1 ^? :o ma9ta9 ! exi/5ce ( nebul1 d n ref] ! nebulosity to extreme di/ance2 !y decl>e x a real & n m]ely a p]spective nebulosity4 ,t we may conceive1 inde$1 a nebul> mass z visible at all1 we mu/ conceive x z v ne> u 9 comp>ison ) ! cond5s$ />s br\ght into view by ! mod]n telescopes4 ,9 ma9ta9+ ! appe>ances 9 "q1 !n1 to be really nebul\s1 we ma9ta9 _! comp>ative vic9ity to our po9t ( view4 ,?us1 _! condition1 z we see !m n[1 mu/ be ref]r$ to an epo* f> less remote ?an t to :i* we may ref] ! n[-obs]v$ condition ( at lea/ ! majority ( ! />s4--,9 a ^w1 %\ld ,a/ronomy ev] demon/rate a 8nebula10 9 ! s5se at pres5t int5d$1 ,i %\ld consid] ! ,nebul> ,cosmogony--n1 inde$1 z corroborat$ by ! demon/ration--b z !reby irretrievably ov]?r[n4 ,by way1 h[ev]1 ( r5d]+ unto ,cs> no m ?an ! ?+s t are ,cs>'s1 let me "h rem>k t ! assumption ( ! hypo!sis :i* l$ him to s glori\s a result1 seems to h be5 sugge/$ to ,laplace 9 great measure by a misconception--by ! v misconception ( :i* we h j be5 speak+--by ! g5]ally preval5t misund]/&+ ( ! "* ( ! nebul1 s mis-nam$4 ,^! he suppos$ to be1 9 reality1 :at _! designation implies4 ,! fact is1 ?is great man _h1 v prop]ly1 an inf]ior fai? 9 8 own m]ely p]ceptive p[]s4 ,9 respect1 !re=e1 to ! actual exi/5ce ( nebul--an exi/5ce s confid5tly ma9ta9$ by 8 telescopic contempor>ies--he dep5d$ less ^u :at he saw ?an ^u :at he he>d4 ,x w be se5 t ! only valid objections to 8 !ory1 are ^? made to its hypo!sis z su*--to :at sugge/$ x--n to :at x sugge/s2 to its propositions r ?an to its results4 ,8 mo/ unw>rant$ assumption 0 t ( giv+ ! atoms a movem5t t[>ds a c5tre1 9 ! v face ( 8 evid5t und]/&+ t ^! atoms1 9 unlimit$ succession1 ext5d$ ?r\gh\t ! ,univ]sal space4 ,i h already %[n t1 "u su* circum/ances1 !re c\ld h occurr$ no movem5t at all2 & ,laplace1 consequ5tly1 assum$ "o on no m philosophical gr\nd ?an t some?+ ( ! k9d 0 necess>y = ! e/abli%m5t ( :at he int5d$ to e/abli%4 ,8 orig9al idea seems to h be5 a comp\nd ( ! true ,epicurean atoms ) ! false nebul ( 8 contempor>ies2 & ?us 8 !ory pres5ts u ) ! s+ul> anomaly ( absolute tru? d$uc$1 z a ma!matical result1 f a hybrid datum ( anci5t imag9ation int]tangl$ ) mod]n inacum54 ,laplace's real /r5g? lay1 9 fact1 9 an almo/ miracul\s ma!matical in/9ct3--on ?is he reli$2 & 9 no in/ance did x fail or deceive him3--9 ! case ( ! ,nebul> ,cosmogony1 x l$ him1 bl9dfold$1 ?r\gh a labyr9? ( ,error1 into "o ( ! mo/ lum9\s & /up5d\s temples ( ,tru?4 ,let u n[ fancy1 = ! mom5t1 t ! r+ fir/ ?r[n (f by ! ,sun--t is to say1 ! r+ ^: break+-up con/itut$ ,neptune--did n1 9 fact1 break up until ! ?r[+-(f ( ! r+ out ( :i* ,uranus arose2 t ?is latt] r+1 aga91 rema9$ p]fect until ! dis*>ge ( t out ( :i* sprang ,saturn2 t ?is latt]1 aga91 rema9$ entire until ! dis*>ge ( t f :i* orig9at$ ,jupit]--& s on4 ,let u imag9e1 9 a ^w1 t no dissolution occurr$ among ! r+s until ! f9al rejection ( t :i* gave bir? to ,m]cury4 ,we ?us pa9t to ! eye ( ! m9d a s]ies ( cexi/5t conc5tric circles2 & look+ z well at !m z at ! processes by :i*1 accord+ to ,laplace's hypo!sis1 !y 7 con/ruct$1 we p]ceive at once a v s+ul> analogy ) ! atomic /rata & ! process ( ! orig9al irradiation z ,i h describ$ x4 ,is x impossible t1 on measur+ ! =ces1 respectively1 by :i* ea* successive planet>y circle 0 ?r[n (f--t is to say1 on measur+ ! successive excesses ( rotation ov] gravitation :i* occasion$ ! successive dis*>ges--we %\ld f9d ! analogy 9 "q m decid$ly confirm$8 ,is x improbable t we %\ld discov] ^! =ces to h v>i$--z 9 ! orig9al radiation--proportionally to ! squ>es ( ! di/ances8 ,our sol> sy/em1 consi/+1 9 *ief1 ( "o sun1 ) sixte5 planets c]ta9ly1 & possibly a few m1 revolv+ ab\t x at v>i\s di/ances1 & att5d$ by sev5te5 moons assur$ly1 b v probably by sev]al o!rs--is n[ to be consid]$ z an example ( ! innum]able agglom]ations :i* proce$$ to take place ?r\gh\t ! ,univ]sal ,sph]e ( atoms on )drawal ( ! ,div9e ,volition4 ,i mean to say t our sol> sy/em is to be und]/ood z af=d+ a g5]ic in/ance ( ^! agglom]ations1 or1 m correctly1 ( ! ult]ior conditions at :i* !y arriv$4 ,if we keep our att5tion fix$ on ! idea ( ! utmo/ possible ,relation z ! ,omnipot5t design1 & on ! precautions tak5 to accompli% x ?r\gh diff]5ce ( =m1 among ! orig9al atoms1 & p>ticul> inequidi/ance1 we %all f9d x impossible to suppose = a mom5t t ev5 any two ( ! incipi5t agglom]ations rea*$ precisely ! same result 9 ! end4 ,we %all r be incl9$ to ?9k t no two /ell> bodies 9 ! ,univ]se--:e!r suns1 planets or moons--are p>ticul>ly1 :ile all are g5]ally1 simil>4 ,/ill less1 !n1 c we imag9e any two assemblages ( su* bodies--any two 8sy/ems0--z hav+ m ?an a g5]al resemblance4#aj ,our telescopes1 at ?is po9t1 ?or\ghly confirm our d$uctions4 ,tak+ our own sol> sy/em1 !n1 z m]ely a loose or g5]al type ( all1 we h s f> proce$$ 9 our subject z to survey ! ,univ]se "u ! aspect ( a sph]ical space1 ?r\gh\t :i*1 disp]s$ ) m]ely g5]al equability1 exi/ a numb] ( b g5]ally simil> sy/ems4 #aj ,x is n impossible t "s unlook$-= optical improvem5t may disclose to u1 among innum]able v>ieties ( sy/ems1 a lum9\s sun1 encircl$ by lum9\s & non-lum9\s r+s1 )9 & )\t & betwe5 :i*1 revolve lum9\s & non-lum9\s planets1 att5d$ by moons hav+ moons--& ev5 ^! latt] aga9 hav+ moons4 ,let u n[1 exp&+ our conceptions1 look ^u ea* ( ^! sy/ems z 9 itself an atom2 :i* 9 fact x is1 :5 we consid] x z b "o ( ! c\ntless myriads ( sy/ems :i* con/itute ! ,univ]se4 ,reg>d+ all1 !n1 z b colossal atoms1 ea* ) ! same in]adicable t5d5cy to ,unity :i* *>act]izes ! actual atoms ( :i* x consi/s--we ent] at once ^u a new ord] ( aggregations4 ,! small] sy/ems1 9 ! vic9ity ( a l>g] "o1 w\ld1 inevitably1 be drawn into /ill clos] vic9ity4 ,a ?\s& w\ld assemble "h2 a million !re--p]haps "h1 aga91 ev5 a billion--leav+1 ?us1 immeasurable vacancies 9 space4 ,& if n[1 x be dem&$ :y1 9 ! case ( ^! sy/ems--( ^! m]ely ,titanic atoms--,i speak1 simply1 ( an 8assemblage10 & n1 z 9 ! case ( ! actual atoms1 ( a m or less consolidat$ agglom]ation3--if x be ask$1 = in/ance1 :y ,i d n c>ry :at ,i sugge/ to its legitimate conclusion1 & describe1 at once1 ^! assemblages ( sy/em-atoms z ru%+ to consolidation 9 sph]es--z ea* becom+ cond5s$ into "o magnific5t sun--my reply is t --,i am b paus+1 = a mom5t1 on ! awful ?re%old ( ! ,future4 ,= ! pres5t1 call+ ^! assemblages 8clu/]s10 we see !m 9 ! incipi5t /ages ( _! consolidation4 ,_! absolute consolidation is to come4 ,we h n[ rea*$ a po9t f :i* we behold ! ,univ]se z a sph]ical space1 int]sp]s$1 unequably1 ) clu/]s4 ,x w be notic$ t ,i "h pref] ! adv]b 8unequably0 to ! phrase 8) a m]ely g5]al equability10 employ$ be=e4 ,x is evid5t1 9 fact1 t ! equability ( di/ribution w dim9i% 9 ! ratio ( ! agglom]ative processes--t is to say1 z ! ?+s di/ribut$ dim9i% 9 numb]4 ,?us ! increase ( 9-equability--an increase :i* mu/ cont9ue until1 soon] or lat]1 an epo* w arrive at :i* ! l>ge/ agglom]ation w absorb all ! o!rs--%\ld be view$ z1 simply1 a corroborative indication ( ! t5d5cy to ,"o4 ,& "h1 at l5g?1 x seems prop] to inquire :e!r ! asc]ta9$ facts ( ,a/ronomy confirm ! g5]al arrangem5t :i* ,i h ?us1 d$uctively1 assign$ to ! ,heav5s4 ,?or\ghly1 !y d4 ,telescopic obs]vation1 guid$ by ! laws ( p]spective1 enables u to und]/& t ! p]ceptible ,univ]se exi/s z a clu/] ( clu/]s1 irregul>ly dispos$4 ,! 8clu/]s0 ( :i* ?is ,univ]sal 8clu/] ( clu/]s0 consi/s1 are m]ely :at we h be5 9 ! practice ( designat+ 8nebul0--&1 ( ^! 8nebul10 "o is ( p>am\nt int]e/ to mank9d4 ,i allude to ! ,galaxy1 or ,milky ,way4 ,?is int]e/s u1 fir/ & mo/ obvi\sly1 on acc\nt ( its great sup]iority 9 app>5t size1 n only to any "o o!r clu/] 9 ! firmam5t1 b to all ! o!r clu/]s tak5 toge!r4 ,! l>ge/ ( ^! latt] occupies a m]e po9t1 comp>atively1 & is di/9ctly se5 only ) ! aid ( a telescope4 ,! ,galaxy sweeps ?r\gh\t ! ,heav5 & is brilliantly visible to ! nak$ eye4 ,b x int]e/s man *iefly1 al?\gh less imm$iately1 on acc\nt ( its be+ 8 home2 ! home ( ! ,e>? on :i* he exi/s2 ! home ( ! ,sun ab\t :i* ?is ,e>? revolves2 ! home ( t 8sy/em0 ( orbs ( :i* ! ,sun is ! c5tre & prim>y--! ,e>? "o ( sixte5 second>ies1 or planets--! ,moon "o ( sev5te5 t]ti>ies1 or satellites4 ,! ,galaxy1 let me repeat1 is b "o ( ! clu/]s :i* ,i h be5 describ+--b "o ( ! mis-call$ 8nebul0 reveal$ to u--by ! telescope alone1 sometimes--z fa9t hazy spots 9 v>i\s qu>t]s ( ! sky4 ,we h no reason to suppose ! ,milky ,way really m ext5sive ?an ! lea/ ( ^! 8nebul40 ,its va/ sup]iority 9 size is b an app>5t sup]iority aris+ f our position 9 reg>d to x--t is to say1 f our position 9 its mid/4 ,h[ev] /range ! ass]tion may at fir/ appe> to ^? unv]s$ 9 ,a/ronomy1 /ill ! a/ronom] himself has no hesitation 9 ass]t+ t we are 9 ! mid/ ( t inconceivable ho/ ( />s--( suns--( sy/ems--:i* con/itute ! ,galaxy4 ,moreov]1 n only h we--n only has our ,sun a "r to claim ! ,galaxy z its own especial clu/]1 b1 ) slight res]vation1 x may be said t all ! di/9ctly visible />s ( ! firmam5t--all ! />s ,visible to ! nak$ eye--h equally a "r to claim x z _! own4 ,!re has be5 a great deal ( misconception 9 respect to ! %ape ( ! ,galaxy2 :i*1 9 ne>ly all our a/ronomical treatises1 is said to resemble t ( a capital ,y4 ,! clu/] 9 "q has1 9 reality1 a c]ta9 g5]al--v g5]al resemblance to ! planet ,saturn1 ) its encompass+ triple r+4 ,in/ead ( ! solid orb ( t planet1 h[ev]1 we mu/ picture to ourselves a l5ticul> />-isl&1 or collection ( />s2 our ,sun ly+ exc5trically--ne> ! %ore ( ! isl&--on t side ( x :i* is ne>e/ ! con/ellation ( ! ,cross & f>!/ f t ( ,cassiopeia4 ,! surr\nd+ r+1 :]e x approa*es our position1 has 9 x a longitud9al ga%1 :i* does1 9 fact1 cause ! r+1 9 our vic9ity1 to assume1 loosely1 ! appe>ance ( a capital ,y4 ,we mu/ n fall into ! error1 h[ev]1 ( conceiv+ ! some:at indef9ite girdle z at all remote1 comp>atively speak+1 f ! also indef9ite l5ticul> clu/] :i* x surr\nds2 & ?us1 = m]e purpose ( explanation1 we may speak ( our ,sun z actually situat$ at t po9t ( ! ,y :]e its ?ree compon5t l9es unite2 &1 conceiv+ ?is lett] to be ( a c]ta9 solidity--( a c]ta9 ?ickness1 v trivial 9 comp>ison ) its l5g?--we may ev5 speak ( our position z 9 ! middle ( ?is ?ickness4 ,fancy+ ourselves ?us plac$1 we %all no long] f9d difficulty 9 acc\nt+ = ! phnom5a pres5t$--:i* are p]spective altoge!r4 ,:5 we look upw>d or d[nw>d--t is to say1 :5 we ca/ our eyes 9 ! direction ( ! lett]'s ?ickness--we look ?r\gh few] />s ?an :5 we ca/ !m 9 ! direction ( its l5g?1 or along ei!r ( ! ?ree compon5t l9es4 ,( c\rse1 9 ! =m] case1 ! />s appe> scatt]$--9 ! latt]1 cr[d$4--,to rev]se ?is explanation3--,an inhabitant ( ! ,e>?1 :5 look+1 z we commonly express ourselves1 at ! ,galaxy1 is !n behold+ x 9 "s ( ! directions ( its l5g?--is look+ along ! l9es ( ! ,y--b :51 look+ out into ! g5]al ,heav51 he turns 8 eyes f ! ,galaxy1 he is !n survey+ x 9 ! direction ( ! lett]'s ?ickness2 & on ?is acc\nt ! />s seem to him scatt]$2 :ile1 9 fact1 !y are z close toge!r1 on an av]age1 z 9 ! mass ( ! clu/]4 ,no consid]ation c\ld be bett] adapt$ to convey an idea ( ?is clu/]'s /up5d\s ext5t4 ,if1 ) a telescope ( high space-p5etrat+ p[]1 we c>efully inspect ! firmam5t1 we %all become aw>e ( a belt ( clu/]s--( :at we h hi!rto call$ 8nebul0--a b&1 ( v>y+ bread?1 /ret*+ f horizon to horizon1 at "r angles to ! g5]al c\rse ( ! ,milky ,way4 ,?is b& is ! ultimate clu/] ( clu/]s4 ,?is belt is ,! ,univ]se4 ,our ,galaxy is b "o1 & p]haps "o ( ! mo/ inconsid]able1 ( ! clu/]s :i* g to ! con/itution ( ?is ultimate1 ,univ]sal belt or b&4 ,! appe>ance ( ?is clu/] ( clu/]s1 to our eyes1 z a belt or b&1 is altoge!r a p]spective phnom5on ( ! same "* z t :i* causes u to behold our own individual & r\ghly-sph]ical clu/]1 ! ,galaxy1 "u guise also ( a belt1 trav]s+ ! ,heav5s at "r angles to ! ,univ]sal "o4 ,! %ape ( ! all-inclusive clu/] is1 ( c\rse g5]ally1 t ( ea* individual clu/] :i* x includes4 ,j z ! scatt]$ />s :i*1 on look+ f ! ,galaxy1 we see 9 ! g5]al sky1 are1 9 fact1 b a portion ( t ,galaxy itself1 & z closely int]m+l$ ) x z any ( ! telescopic po9ts 9 :at seems ! d5se/ portion ( its mass--s are ! scatt]$ 8nebul0 :i*1 on ca/+ our eyes f ! ,univ]sal belt1 we p]ceive at all po9ts ( ! firmam5t--s1 ,i say1 are ^! scatt]$ 8nebul0 to be und]/ood z only p]spectively scatt]$1 & z "p & p>cel ( ! "o supreme & ,univ]sal sph]e4 ,no a/ronomical fallacy is m unt5able1 & none has be5 m p]t9aci\sly adh]$ to1 ?an t ( ! absolute illimitation ( ! ,univ]se ( ,/>s4 ,! reasons = limitation1 z ,i h already assign$ !m1 priori1 seem to me unansw]able2 b1 n to speak ( ^!1 obs]vation assures u t !re is1 9 num]\s directions ar\nd u1 c]ta9ly1 if n 9 all1 a positive limit--or1 at ! v lea/1 af=ds u no basis :atev] = ?9k+ o!rwise4 ,7 ! succession ( />s endless1 !n ! backgr\nd ( ! sky w\ld pres5t u an uni=m lum9osity1 l t display$ by ! ,galaxy--s9ce !re c\ld be absolutely no po9t1 9 all t backgr\nd1 at :i* w\ld n exi/ a />4 ,! only mode1 !re=e1 9 :i*1 "u su* a /ate ( affairs1 we c\ld compreh5d ! voids :i* our telescopes f9d 9 innum]able directions1 w\ld be by suppos+ ! di/ance ( ! invisible backgr\nd s imm5se t no ray f x has yet be5 able to rea* u at all4 ,t ?is may be s1 :o %all v5ture to d5y8 ,i ma9ta91 simply1 t we h n ev5 ! %ad[ ( a reason = believ+ t x is s4 ,:5 speak+ ( ! vulg> prop5sity to reg>d all bodies on ! ,e>? z t5d+ m]ely to ! ,e>?'s c5tre1 ,i obs]v$ t1 8) c]ta9 exceptions to be specifi$ h]eaft]1 e body on ! ,e>? t5d$ n only to ! ,e>?'s c5tre1 b 9 e conceivable direction besides40#aa ,! 8exceptions0 ref] to ^? frequ5t gaps 9 ! ,heav5s1 :]e our utmo/ scrut9y c detect n only no /ell> bodies1 b no indications ( _! exi/5ce3--:]e yawn+ *asms1 black] ?an ,erebus1 seem to af=d u glimpses1 ?r\gh ! b\nd>y walls ( ! ,univ]se ( ,/>s1 into ! illimitable ,univ]se ( ,vacancy1 beyond4 ,n[ z any body1 exi/+ on ! ,e>?1 *ances to pass1 ei!r ?r\gh its own movem5t or ! ,e>?'s1 into a l9e ) any "o ( ^! voids1 or cosmical abysses1 x cle>ly is no long] attract$ 9 ! direction ( t void1 & = ! mom5t1 consequ5tly1 is 8heavi]0 ?an at any p]iod1 ei!r aft] or be=e4 ,indep5d5tly ( ! consid]ation ( ^! voids1 h[ev]1 & look+ only at ! g5]ally unequable di/ribution ( ! />s1 we see t ! absolute t5d5cy ( bodies on ! ,e>? to ! ,e>?'s c5tre1 is 9 a /ate ( p]petual v>iation4 #aa ,page #fb4 ,we compreh5d1 !n1 ! insulation ( our ,univ]se4 ,we p]ceive ! isolation ( t--( all t :i* we grasp ) ! s5ses4 ,we "k t !re exi/s "o clu/] ( clu/]s--a collection ar\nd :i*1 on all sides1 ext5d ! immeasurable wild]nesses ( a ,space to all human p]ception unt5ant$4 ,b because ^u ! conf9es ( ?is ,univ]se ( ,/>s we are compell$ to pause1 ?r\gh want ( f>!r evid5ce f ! s5ses1 is x "r to conclude t1 9 fact1 !re is no mat]ial po9t beyond t :i* we h ?us be5 p]mitt$ to atta98 ,h we1 or h we n1 an analogical "r to ! inf]5ce t ?is p]ceptible ,univ]se--t ?is clu/] ( clu/]s--is b "o ( a s]ies ( clu/]s ( clu/]s1 ! re/ ( :i* are invisible ?r\gh di/ance--?r\gh ! diffusion ( _! light be+ s excessive1 ere x rea*es u1 z n to produce ^u our ret9as a light-impression--or f !re be+ no su* emanation z light at all1 9 ^! unspeakably di/ant worlds--or1 la/ly1 f ! m]e int]val be+ s va/1 t ! electric tid+s ( _! pres5ce 9 ,space1 h n yet--?r\gh ! laps+ myriads ( ye>s--be5 enabl$ to trav]se t int]val8 ,h we any "r to inf]5ces--h we any gr\nd :atev] = visions su* z ^!8 ,if we h a "r to !m 9 any degree1 we h a "r to _! inf9ite ext5sion4 ,! human bra9 has obvi\sly a lean+ to ! 8,inf9ite10 & fondles ! phantom ( ! idea4 ,x seems to long ) a passionate f]vor = ?is impossible conception1 ) ! hope ( intellectually believ+ x :5 conceiv$4 ,:at is g5]al among ! :ole race ( ,man1 ( c\rse no individual ( t race c be w>rant$ 9 consid]+ abnormal2 nev]!less1 !re may be a class ( sup]ior intellig5ces1 to :om ! human bias allud$ to may we> all ! "* ( monomania4 ,my "q1 h[ev]1 rema9s unansw]$3--,h we any "r to inf]--let u say1 r1 to imag9e--an int]m9able succession ( ! 8clu/]s ( clu/]s10 or ( 8,univ]ses0 m or less simil>8 ,i reply t ! 8"r10 9 a case su* z ?is1 dep5ds absolutely ^u ! h>dihood ( t imag9ation :i* v5tures to claim ! "r4 ,let me decl>e1 only1 t1 z an individual1 ,i myself feel impell$ to ! fancy--)\t d>+ to call x m--t !re does exi/ a limitless succession ( ,univ]ses1 m or less simil> to t ( :i* we h cognizance--to t ( :i* alone we %all ev] h cognizance--at ! v lea/ until ! return ( our own p>ticul> ,univ]se into ,unity4 ,if su* clu/]s ( clu/]s exi/1 h[ev]--& !y d--x is abundantly cle> t1 hav+ _h no "p 9 our orig91 !y h no portion 9 our laws4 ,!y nei!r attract u1 nor we !m4 ,_! mat]ial--_! _s is n ours--is n t :i* obta9s 9 any "p ( our ,univ]se4 ,!y c\ld n impress our s5ses or our s\ls4 ,among !m & u--consid]+ all1 = ! mom5t1 collectively--!re are no influ5ces 9 common4 ,ea* exi/s1 ap>t & indep5d5tly1 9 ! bosom ( its prop] & p>ticul> ,god4 ,9 ! conduct ( ?is ,disc\rse1 ,i am aim+ less at physical ?an at metaphysical ord]4 ,! cle>ness ) :i* ev5 mat]ial phnom5a are pres5t$ to ! und]/&+1 dep5ds v little1 ,i h long s9ce le>n$ to p]ceive1 ^u a m]ely natural1 & almo/ altoge!r ^u a moral1 arrangem5t4 ,if !n ,i seem to /ep some:at too discursively f po9t to po9t ( my topic1 let me sugge/ t ,i d s 9 ! hope ( ?us ! bett] keep+ unbrok5 t *a9 ( graduat$ impression by :i* alone ! intellect ( ,man c expect to encompass ! gr&eurs ( :i* ,i speak1 &1 9 _! maje/ic totality1 to compreh5d !m4 ,s f>1 our att5tion has be5 direct$1 almo/ exclusively1 to a g5]al & relative gr\p+ ( ! /ell> bodies 9 space4 ,( specification !re has be5 little2 & :atev] ideas ( quantity h be5 convey$--t is to say1 ( numb]1 magnitude1 & di/ance--h be5 convey$ incid5tally & by way ( prep>ation = m def9itive conceptions4 ,^! latt] let u n[ attempt to ent]ta94 ,our sol> sy/em1 z has be5 already m5tion$1 consi/s1 9 *ief1 ( "o sun & sixte5 planets c]ta9ly1 b 9 all probability a few o!rs1 revolv+ ar\nd x z a c5tre1 & att5d$ by sev5te5 moons ( :i* we "k1 ) possibly sev]al m ( :i* z yet we "k no?+4 ,^! v>i\s bodies are n true sph]es1 b oblate sph]oids--sph]es flatt5$ at ! poles ( ! imag9>y axes ab\t :i* !y rotate3--! flatt5+ be+ a consequ5ce ( ! rotation4 ,nei!r is ! ,sun absolutely ! c5tre ( ! sy/em2 = ?is ,sun itself1 ) all ! planets1 revolves ab\t a p]petually %ift+ po9t ( space1 :i* is ! sy/em's g5]al c5tre ( gravity4 ,nei!r are we to consid] ! pa?s ?r\gh :i* ^! diff]5t sph]oids move--! moons ab\t ! planets1 ! planets ab\t ! ,sun1 or ! ,sun ab\t ! common c5tre--z circles 9 an accurate s5se4 ,!y are1 9 fact1 ellipses--"o ( ! foci be+ ! po9t ab\t :i* ! revolution is made4 ,an ellipse is a curve1 return+ into itself1 "o ( ^: diamet]s is long] ?an ! o!r4 ,9 ! long] diamet] are two po9ts1 equidi/ant f ! middle ( ! l9e1 & s situat$ o!rwise t if1 f ea* ( !m a /raight l9e be drawn to any "o po9t ( ! curve1 ! two l9es1 tak5 toge!r1 w be equal to ! long] diamet] itself4 ,n[ let u conceive su* an ellipse4 ,at "o ( ! po9ts m5tion$1 :i* are ! foci1 let u fa/5 an orange4 ,by an ela/ic ?read let u connect ?is orange ) a pea2 & let u place ?is latt] on ! circumf]5ce ( ! ellipse4 ,let u n[ move ! pea cont9u\sly ar\nd ! orange--keep+ always on ! circumf]5ce ( ! ellipse4 ,! ela/ic ?read1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 v>ies 9 l5g? z we move ! pea1 w =m :at 9 geometry is call$ a radius vector4 ,n[1 if ! orange be und]/ood z ! ,sun1 & ! pea z a planet revolv+ ab\t x1 !n ! revolution %\ld be made at su* a rate--) a velocity s v>y+--t ! radius vector may pass ov] equal areas ( space 9 equal times4 ,! progress ( ! pea %\ld be--9 o!r words1 ! progress ( ! planet is1 ( c\rse1--sl[ 9 proportion to its di/ance f ! ,sun--swift 9 proportion to its proximity4 ,^? planets1 moreov]1 move ! m sl[ly :i* are ! f>!r f ! ,sun2 ! squ>es ( _! p]iods ( revolution hav+ ! same proportion to ea* o!r1 z h to ea* o!r ! cubes ( _! mean di/ances f ! ,sun4 ,! wond]fully complex laws ( revolution "h describ$1 h[ev]1 are n to be und]/ood z obta9+ 9 our sy/em alone4 ,!y ev]y:]e prevail :]e ,attraction prevails4 ,!y control ! ,univ]se4 ,e %9+ speck 9 ! firmam5t is1 no d\bt1 a lum9\s sun1 resembl+ our own1 at lea/ 9 its g5]al features1 & hav+ 9 att5dance ^u x a great] or less numb] ( planets1 great] or less1 ^: /ill l+]+ lum9osity is n suffici5t to r5d] !m visible to u at s va/ a di/ance1 b :i*1 nev]!less1 revolve1 moon-att5d$1 ab\t _! />ry c5tres1 9 ob$i5ce to ! pr9ciples j detail$--9 ob$i5ce to ! ?ree omnipreval5t laws ( revolution--! ?ree immortal laws guess$ by ! imag9ative ,kepl]1 & b subsequ5tly demon/rat$ & acc\nt$ = by ! pati5t & ma!matical ,newton4 ,among a tribe ( philosoph]s :o pride !mselves excessively ^u matt]-(-fact1 x is f> too fa%ionable to sne] at all speculation "u ! compreh5sive sobriquet1 8guess-"w40 ,! po9t to be consid]$ is1 :o guesses4 ,9 guess+ ) ,plato1 we sp5d our "t to bett] purpose1 n[ & !n1 ?an 9 he>k5+ to a demon/ration by ,alcmon4 ,9 _m works on ,a/ronomy ,i f9d x di/9ctly /at$ t ! laws ( ,kepl] are ! basis ( ! great pr9ciple1 ,gravitation4 ,?is idea mu/ h aris5 f ! fact t ! sugge/ion ( ^! laws by ,kepl]1 & 8 prov+ !m po/]iori to h an actual exi/5ce1 l$ ,newton to acc\nt = !m by ! hypo!sis ( ,gravitation1 &1 f9ally1 to demon/rate !m priori1 z necess>y consequ5ces ( ! hypo!tical pr9ciple4 ,?us s f> f ! laws ( ,kepl] be+ ! basis ( ,gravity1 ,gravity is ! basis ( ^! laws--z x is1 inde$1 ( all ! laws ( ! mat]ial ,univ]se :i* are n ref]able to ,repulsion alone4 ,! mean di/ance ( ! ,e>? f ! ,moon--t is to say1 f ! heav5ly body 9 our close/ vic9ity--is #bcg1jjj miles4 ,m]cury1 ! planet ne>e/ ! ,sun1 is di/ant f him #cg millions ( miles4 ,v5us1 ! next1 revolves at a di/ance ( #fh millions3--! ,e>?1 :i* comes next1 at a di/ance ( #ie millions3--,m>s1 !n1 at a di/ance ( #add millions4 ,n[ come ! eight ,a/]oids 7,c]es1 ,juno1 ,ve/a1 ,pallas1 ,a/ra1 ,flora1 ,iris1 & ,hebe7 at an av]age di/ance ( ab\t #bej millions4 ,!n we h ,jupit]1 di/ant #dij millions2 !n ,saturn1 #ijj millions2 !n ,uranus1 #ai hundr$ millions2 f9ally ,neptune1 lately discov]$1 & revolv+ at a di/ance1 say ( #bh hundr$ millions4 ,leav+ ,neptune out ( ! acc\nt--( :i* z yet we "k little accurately & :i* is1 possibly1 "o ( a sy/em ( ,a/]oids--x w be se5 t1 )9 c]ta9 limits1 !re exi/s an ord] ( int]val among ! planets4 ,speak+ loosely1 we may say t ea* out] planet is twice z f> f ! ,sun z is ! next inn] "o4 ,may n ! ord] "h m5tion$--may n ! law ( ,bode--be d$uc$ f consid]ation ( ! analogy sugge/$ by me z hav+ place betwe5 ! sol> dis*>ge ( r+s & ! mode ( ! atomic irradiation8 ,! numb]s hurri$ly m5tion$ 9 ?is summ>y ( di/ance1 x is folly to attempt compreh5d+1 unless 9 ! light ( ab/ract ari?metical facts4 ,!y are n practically tangible ones4 ,!y convey no precise ideas4 ,i h /at$ t ,neptune1 ! planet f>!/ f ! ,sun1 revolves ab\t him at a di/ance ( #bh hundr$ millions ( miles4 ,s f> good3--,i h /at$ a ma!matical fact2 &1 )\t compreh5d+ x 9 ! lea/1 we may put x to use--ma!matically4 ,b 9 m5tion+1 ev51 t ! ,moon revolves ab\t ! ,e>? at ! comp>atively trifl+ di/ance ( #bcg1jjj miles1 ,i ent]ta9$ no expectation ( giv+ any "o to und]/&--to "k--to feel--h[ f> f ! ,e>? ! ,moon actually is4 #bcg1jjj miles6 ,!re are1 p]haps1 few ( my read]s :o h n cross$ ! ,atlantic ocean2 yet h[ _m ( !m h a di/9ct idea ( ev5 ! #c1jjj miles int]v5+ betwe5 %ore & %ore8 ,i d\bt1 inde$1 :e!r ! man lives :o c =ce into 8 bra9 ! mo/ remote conception ( ! int]val betwe5 "o mile/one & its next neighbor ^u ! turnpike4 ,we are 9 "s measure aid$1 h[ev]1 9 our consid]ation ( di/ance1 by comb9+ ?is consid]ation ) ! k9dr$ "o ( velocity4 ,s\nd passes ?r\gh #aajj feet ( space 9 a second ( "t4 ,n[ 7 x possible = an inhabitant ( ! ,e>? to see ! fla% ( a cannon dis*>g$ 9 ! ,moon1 & to he> ! report1 he w\ld h to wait1 aft] p]ceiv+ ! =m]1 m ?an #ac entire days & nights be=e gett+ any intimation ( ! latt]4 ,h[ev] feeble be ! impression1 ev5 ?us convey$1 ( ! ,moon's real di/ance f ! ,e>?1 x w1 nev]!less1 effect a good object 9 enabl+ u m cle>ly to see ! futility ( attempt+ to grasp su* int]vals z t ( ! #bh hundr$ millions ( miles betwe5 our ,sun & ,neptune2 or ev5 t ( ! #ie millions betwe5 ! ,sun & ! ,e>? we inhabit4 ,a cannon-ball1 fly+ at ! greate/ velocity ) :i* su* a ball has ev] be5 kn[n to fly1 c\ld n trav]se ! latt] int]val 9 less ?an #bj ye>s2 :ile = ! =m] x w\ld require #eij4 ,our ,moon's real diamet] is #bafj miles2 yet %e is comp>atively s trifl+ an object t x w\ld take ne>ly #ej su* orbs to compose "o z great z ! ,e>?4 ,! diamet] ( our own globe is #giab miles--b f ! enunciation ( ^! numb]s :at positive idea d we d]ive8 ,if we asc5d an ord9>y m\nta9 & look ar\nd u f its summit1 we behold a l&scape /ret*+1 say #dj miles1 9 e direction2 =m+ a circle #bej miles 9 circumf]5ce2 & includ+ an area ( #ejjj squ>e miles4 ,! ext5t ( su* a prospect1 on acc\nt ( ! successiv5ess ) :i* its portions necess>ily pres5t !mselves to view1 c be only v feebly & v p>tially appreciat$3--yet ! entire panorama w\ld compreh5d no m ?an "o #dj1jjj? "p ( ! m]e surface ( our globe4 ,7 ?is panorama1 !n1 to be succe$$1 aft] ! lapse ( an h\r1 by ano!r ( equal ext5t2 ?is aga9 by a ?ird1 aft] ! lapse ( ano!r h\r2 ?is aga9 by a f\r? aft] lapse ( ano!r h\r--& s on1 until ! sc5]y ( ! :ole ,e>? 7 exhau/$2 & 7 we to be engag$ 9 exam9+ ^! v>i\s panoramas = twelve h\rs ( e day2 we %\ld nev]!less1 be #i ye>s & #dh days 9 complet+ ! g5]al survey4 ,b if ! m]e surface ( ! ,e>? eludes ! grasp ( ! imag9ation1 :at are we to ?9k ( its cubical cont5ts8 ,x embraces a mass ( matt] equal 9 weight to at lea/ #b sextillions1 #bjj qu9tillions ( tons4 ,let u suppose x 9 a /ate ( quiesc5ce2 & n[ let u endeavor to conceive a me*anical =ce suffici5t to set x 9 motion6 ,n ! /r5g? ( all ! myriads ( be+s :om we may conclude to inhabit ! planet>y worlds ( our sy/em--n ! comb9$ physical /r5g? ( all ^! be+s--ev5 admitt+ all to be m p[]ful ?an man--w\ld avail to /ir ! pond]\s mass a s+le in* f its position4 ,:at are we to und]/&1 !n1 ( ! =ce1 :i* "u simil> circum/ances1 w\ld be requir$ to move ! l>ge/ ( our planets1 ,jupit]8 ,?is is #hf1jjj miles 9 diamet]1 & w\ld include )9 its p]iph]y m ?an a ?\s& orbs ( ! magnitude ( our own4 ,yet ?is /up5d\s body is actually fly+ ar\nd ! ,sun at ! rate ( #bi1jjj miles an h\r--t is to say1 ) a velocity #dj times great] ?an t ( a cannon-ball6 ,! ?\ght ( su* a phnom5on _c well be said to />tle ! m9d3--x palsies & appals x4 ,n unfrequ5tly we task our imag9ation 9 pictur+ ! capacities ( an angel4 ,let u fancy su* a be+ at a di/ance ( "s hundr$ miles f ,jupit]--a close eye-witness ( ?is planet z x spe$s on its annual revolution4 ,n[ c we1 ,i dem&1 fa%ion = ourselves any conception s di/9ct ( ?is ideal be+'s spiritual exaltation1 z t involv$ 9 ! supposition t1 ev5 by ?is immeasurable mass ( matt]1 :irl$ imm$iately be=e 8 eyes1 ) a velocity s unutt]able1 he--an angel--angelic ?\gh he be--is n at once /ruck into no?+ness & ov]:elm$8 ,at ?is po9t1 h[ev]1 x seems prop] to sugge/ t1 9 fact1 we h be5 speak+ ( comp>ative trifles4 ,our ,sun1 ! c5tral & controll+ orb ( ! sy/em to :i* ,jupit] belongs1 is n only great] ?an ,jupit]1 b great] by f> ?an all ! planets ( ! sy/em tak5 toge!r4 ,?is fact is an ess5tial condition1 inde$1 ( ! /ability ( ! sy/em itself4 ,! diamet] ( ,jupit] has be5 m5tion$3--x is #hf1jjj miles3--t ( ! ,sun is #hhb1jjj miles4 ,an inhabitant ( ! latt]1 travell+ #ij miles a day1 w\ld be m ?an #hj ye>s 9 go+ r\nd a great circle ( its circumf]5ce4 ,x occupies a cubical space ( #fha quadrillions1 #dgb trillions ( miles4 ,! ,moon1 z has be5 /at$1 revolves ab\t ! ,e>? at a di/ance ( #bcg1jjj miles--9 an orbit1 consequ5tly1 ( ne>ly a million & a half4 ,n[1 7 ! ,sun plac$ ^u ! ,e>?1 c5tre ov] c5tre1 ! body ( ! =m] w\ld ext5d1 9 e direction1 n only to ! l9e ( ! ,moon's orbit1 b beyond x1 a di/ance ( #bjj1jjj miles4 ,& "h1 once aga91 let me sugge/ t1 9 fact1 we h /ill be5 speak+ ( comp>ative trifles4 ,! di/ance ( ! planet ,neptune f ! ,sun has be5 /at$3--x is #bh hundr$ millions ( miles2 ! circumf]5ce ( its orbit1 !re=e1 is ab\t #ag billions4 ,let ?is be borne 9 m9d :ile we glance at "s "o ( ! brighte/ />s4 ,betwe5 ?is & ! /> ( our sy/em1 7! ,sun17 !re is a gulf ( space1 to convey any idea ( :i* we %\ld ne$ ! tongue ( an ar*angel4 ,f our sy/em1 !n1 & f our ,sun1 or />1 ! /> at :i* we suppose ourselves glanc+ is a ?+ altoge!r ap>t3--/ill1 = ! mom5t1 let u imag9e x plac$ ^u our ,sun1 c5tre ov] c5tre1 z we j n[ imag9$ ?is ,sun itself plac$ ^u ! ,e>?4 ,let u n[ conceive ! p>ticul> /> we h 9 m9d1 ext5d+1 9 e direction1 beyond ! orbit ( ,m]cury--( ,v5us--( ! ,e>?3--/ill on1 beyond ! orbit ( ,m>s--( ,jupit]--( ,uranus--until1 f9ally1 we fancy x fill+ ! circle--#ag billions ( miles 9 circumf]5ce--:i* is describ$ by ! revolution ( ,lev]ri]'s planet4 ,:5 we h conceiv$ all ?is1 we %all h ent]ta9$ no extravagant conception4 ,!re is ! v be/ reason = believ+ t _m ( ! />s are ev5 f> l>g] ?an ! "o we h imag9$4 ,i mean to say t we h ! v be/ empirical basis = su* belief3--&1 9 look+ back at ! orig9al1 atomic arrangem5ts = div]sity1 :i* h be5 assum$ z a "p ( ! ,div9e plan 9 ! con/itution ( ! ,univ]se1 we %all be enabl$ easily to und]/&1 & to cr$it1 ! exi/5ce ( ev5 f> va/] disproportions 9 /ell> size ?an any to :i* ,i h hi!rto allud$4 ,! l>ge/ orbs1 ( c\rse1 we mu/ expect to f9d roll+ ?r\gh ! wide/ vacancies ( ,space4 ,i rem>k$1 j n[1 t to convey an idea ( ! int]val betwe5 our ,sun & any "o ( ! o!r />s1 we %\ld require ! eloqu5ce ( an ar*angel4 ,9 s say+1 ,i %\ld n be accus$ ( exagg]ation2 =1 9 simple tru?1 ^! are topics on :i* x is sc>cely possible to exagg]ate4 ,b let u br+ ! matt] m di/9ctly be=e ! eye ( ! m9d4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we may get a g5]al1 relative conception ( ! int]val ref]r$ to1 by comp>+ x ) ! int]-planet>y spaces4 ,if1 = example1 we suppose ! ,e>?1 :i* is1 9 reality1 #ie millions ( miles f ! ,sun1 to be only "o foot f t lum9>y2 !n ,neptune w\ld be #dj feet di/ant2 & ! /> ,alpha ,lyr1 at ! v lea/1 #aei4 ,n[ ,i presume t1 9 ! t]m9ation ( my la/ s5t5ce1 few ( my read]s h notic$ any?+ especially objectionable--p>ticul>ly wrong4 ,i said t ! di/ance ( ! ,e>? f ! ,sun be+ tak5 at "o foot1 ! di/ance ( ,neptune w\ld be #dj feet1 & t ( ,alpha ,lyr1 #aei4 ,! proportion betwe5 "o foot & #aei has appe>$1 p]haps1 to convey a suffici5tly def9ite impression ( ! proportion betwe5 ! two int]vals--t ( ! ,e>? f ! ,sun & t ( ,alpha ,lyr f ! same lum9>y4 ,b my acc\nt ( ! matt] %\ld1 9 reality1 h run ?us3--,! di/ance ( ! ,e>? f ! ,sun be+ tak5 at "o foot1 ! di/ance ( ,neptune w\ld be #dj feet1 & t ( ,alpha ,lyr1 #aei----miles3--t is to say1 ,i _h assign$ to ,alpha ,lyr1 9 my fir/ /atem5t ( ! case1 only ! #ebhj? "p ( t di/ance :i* is ! lea/ di/ance possible at :i* x c actually lie4 ,to proce$3--,h[ev] di/ant a m]e planet is1 yet :5 we look at x ?r\gh a telescope1 we see x "u a c]ta9 =m--( a c]ta9 appreciable size4 ,n[ ,i h already h9t$ at ! probable bulk ( _m ( ! />s2 nev]!less1 :5 we view any "o ( !m1 ev5 ?r\gh ! mo/ p[]ful telescope1 x is f\nd to pres5t u ) no =m1 & consequ5tly ) no magnitude :atev]4 ,we see x z a po9t & no?+ m4 ,aga92--,let u suppose ourselves walk+1 at night1 on a highway4 ,9 a field on "o side ( ! road1 is a l9e ( tall objects1 say trees1 ! figures ( :i* are di/9ctly def9$ aga9/ ! backgr\nd ( ! sky4 ,?is l9e ( objects ext5ds at "r angles to ! road1 & f ! road to ! horizon4 ,n[1 z we proce$ along ! road1 we see ^! objects *ang+ _! positions1 respectively1 9 relation to a c]ta9 fix$ po9t 9 t portion ( ! firmam5t :i* =ms ! backgr\nd ( ! view4 ,let u suppose ?is fix$ po9t--suffici5tly fix$ = our purpose--to be ! ris+ moon4 ,we become aw>e1 at once1 t :ile ! tree ne>e/ u s f> alt]s its position 9 respect to ! moon1 z to seem fly+ beh9d u1 ! tree 9 ! extreme di/ance has sc>cely *ang$ at all its relative position ) ! satellite4 ,we !n g on to p]ceive t ! f>!r ! objects are f u1 ! less !y alt] _! positions2 & ! conv]se4 ,!n we beg91 unwitt+ly1 to e/imate ! di/ances ( individual trees by ! degrees 9 :i* !y ev9ce ! relative alt]ation4 ,f9ally1 we come to und]/& h[ x might be possible to asc]ta9 ! actual di/ance ( any giv5 tree 9 ! l9e1 by us+ ! am\nt ( relative alt]ation z a basis 9 a simple geometrical problem4 ,n[ ?is relative alt]ation is :at we call 8p>allax20 & by p>allax we calculate ! di/ances ( ! heav5ly bodies4 ,apply+ ! pr9ciple to ! trees 9 "q1 we %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be v mu* at a loss to compreh5d ! di/ance ( t tree1 :i*1 h[ev] f> we proce$$ along ! road1 %\ld ev9ce no p>allax at all4 ,?is1 9 ! case describ$1 is a ?+ impossible2 b impossible only because all di/ances on our ,e>? are trivial inde$3--9 comp>ison ) ! va/ cosmical quantities1 we may speak ( !m z absolutely no?+4 ,n[1 let u suppose ! /> ,alpha ,lyr directly ov]head2 & let u imag9e t1 in/ead ( /&+ on ! ,e>?1 we /& at "o end ( a /raight road /ret*+ ?r\gh ,space to a di/ance equall+ ! diamet] ( ! ,e>?'s orbit--t is to say1 to a di/ance ( #aij millions ( miles4 ,hav+ obs]v$1 by means ( ! mo/ delicate micrometrical in/rum5ts1 ! exact position ( ! />1 let u n[ pass along ?is inconceivable road1 until we rea* its o!r extremity4 ,n[1 once aga91 let u look at ! />4 ,x is precisely :]e we left x4 ,our in/rum5ts1 h[ev] delicate1 assure u t its relative position is absolutely--is id5tically ! same z at ! comm5cem5t ( our unutt]able j\rney4 ,no p>allax--none :atev]--has be5 f\nd4 ,! fact is1 t1 9 reg>d to ! di/ance ( ! fix$ />s--( any "o ( ! myriads ( suns gli/5+ on ! f>!r side ( t awful *asm :i* sep>ates our sy/em f its bro!rs 9 ! clu/] to :i* x belongs--a/ronomical sci5ce1 until v lately1 c\ld speak only ) a negative c]ta9ty4 ,assum+ ! brighte/ z ! ne>e/1 we c\ld say1 ev5 ( !m1 only t !re is a c]ta9 incompreh5sible di/ance on ! hi!r side ( :i* !y _c be3--h[ f> !y are beyond x we _h 9 no case be5 able to asc]ta94 ,we p]ceiv$1 = example1 t ,alpha ,lyr _c be ne>] to u ?an #ai trillions1 #bjj billions ( miles2 b1 = all we knew1 & inde$ = all we n[ "k1 x may be di/ant f u ! squ>e1 or ! cube1 or any o!r p[] ( ! numb] m5tion$4 ,by d9t1 h[ev]1 ( wond]fully m9ute & cauti\s obs]vations1 cont9u$1 ) novel in/rum5ts1 = _m labori\s ye>s1 ,bessel1 n long ago deceas$1 has lately succe$$ 9 det]m9+ ! di/ance ( six or sev5 />s2 among o!rs1 t ( ! /> numb]$ #fa 9 ! con/ellation ( ! ,swan4 ,! di/ance 9 ?is latt] in/ance asc]ta9$1 is #fgj1jjj times t ( ! ,sun2 :i* la/ x w be rememb]$1 is #ie millions ( miles4 ,! /> #fa ,cygni1 !n1 is ne>ly #fd trillions ( miles f u--or m ?an ?ree times ! di/ance assign$1 z ! lea/ possible1 = ,alpha ,lyr4 ,9 attempt+ to appreciate ?is int]val by ! aid ( any consid]ations ( velocity1 z we did 9 endeavor+ to e/imate ! di/ance ( ! moon1 we mu/ leave out ( sight1 altoge!r1 su* no?+s z ! spe$ ( a cannon-ball1 or ( s\nd4 ,light1 h[ev]1 accord+ to ! late/ calculations ( ,/ruve1 proce$s at ! rate ( #afg1jjj miles 9 a second4 ,?\ght itself _c pass ?r\gh ?is int]val m spe$ily--if1 inde$1 ?\ght c trav]se x at all4 ,yet1 9 com+ f #fa ,cygni to u1 ev5 at ?is inconceivable rate1 light occupies m ?an t5 ye>s2 &1 consequ5tly1 7 ! /> ?is mom5t blott$ out f ! ,univ]se1 /ill1 = t5 ye>s1 w\ld x cont9ue to sp>kle on1 undimm$ 9 its p>adoxical glory4 ,keep+ n[ 9 m9d :atev] feeble conception we may h atta9$ ( ! int]val betwe5 our ,sun & #fa ,cygni1 let u rememb] t ?is int]val1 h[ev] unutt]ably va/1 we are p]mitt$ to consid] z b ! av]age int]val among ! c\ntless ho/ ( />s compos+ t clu/]1 or 8nebula10 to :i* our sy/em1 z well z t ( #fa ,cygni1 belongs4 ,i h1 9 fact1 /at$ ! case ) great mod]ation3--we h excell5t reason = believ+ #fa ,cygni to be "o ( ! ne>e/ />s1 & ?us = conclud+1 at lea/ = ! pres5t1 t its di/ance f u is less ?an ! av]age di/ance betwe5 /> & /> 9 ! magnific5t clu/] ( ! ,milky ,way4 ,& "h1 once aga9 & f9ally1 x seems prop] to sugge/ t ev5 z yet we h be5 speak+ ( trifles4 ,ceas+ to wond] at ! space betwe5 /> & /> 9 our own or 9 any p>ticul> clu/]1 let u r turn our ?\ghts to ! int]vals betwe5 clu/] & clu/]1 9 ! all compreh5sive clu/] ( ! ,univ]se4 ,i h already said t light proce$s at ! rate ( #afg1jjj miles 9 a second--t is1 ab\t #aj millions ( miles 9 a m9ute1 or ab\t #fjj millions ( miles 9 an h\r3--yet s f> remov$ f u are "s ( ! 8nebul0 t ev5 light1 spe$+ ) ?is velocity1 c\ld n & does n rea* u1 f ^? my/]i\s regions1 9 less ?an #c millions ( ye>s4 ,?is calculation1 moreov]1 is made by ! eld] ,h]s*ell1 & 9 ref]5ce m]ely to ^? comp>atively proximate clu/]s )9 ! scope ( 8 own telescope4 ,!re are 8nebul10 h[ev]1 :i*1 ?r\gh ! magical tube ( ,"l ,rosse1 are ?is in/ant :isp]+ 9 our e>s ! secrets ( a million ( ages by-gone4 ,9 a ^w1 ! ev5ts :i* we behold n[--at ?is mom5t--9 ^? worlds--are ! id5tical ev5ts :i* int]e/$ _! inhabitants t5 hundr$ ?\s& c5turies ago4 ,9 int]vals--9 di/ances su* z ?is sugge/ion =ces ^u ! s\l--r ?an ^u ! m9d--we f9d1 at l5g?1 a fitt+ climax to all hi!rto frivol\s consid]ations ( quantity4 ,our fancies ?us occupi$ ) ! cosmical di/ances1 let u take ! opportunity ( ref]r+ to ! difficulty :i* we h s (t5 exp]i5c$1 :ile pursu+ ! beat5 pa? ( a/ronomical reflection1 9 acc\nt+ = ! immeasurable voids allud$ to--9 compreh5d+ :y *asms s totally unoccupi$ & !re=e app>5tly s ne$less1 h be5 made to int]v5e betwe5 /> & />--betwe5 clu/] & clu/]--9 und]/&+1 to be brief1 a suffici5t reason = ! ,titanic scale1 9 respect ( m]e ,space1 on :i* ! ,univ]se is se5 to be con/ruct$4 ,a rational cause = ! phnom5on1 ,i ma9ta9 t ,a/ronomy has palpably fail$ to assign3--b ! consid]ations ?r\gh :i*1 9 ?is ,essay1 we h proce$$ /ep by /ep1 enable u cle>ly & imm$iately to p]ceive t ,space & ,duration are "o4 ,t ! ,univ]se might endure ?r\gh\t an ra at all comm5surate ) ! gr&eur ( its compon5t mat]ial portions & ) ! high maje/y ( its spiritual purposes1 x 0 necess>y t ! orig9al atomic diffusion be made to s inconceivable an ext5t z to be only n inf9ite4 ,x 0 requir$1 9 a ^w1 t ! />s %\ld be ga!r$ into visibility f invisible nebulosity--proce$ f nebulosity to consolidation--& s gr[ grey 9 giv+ bir? & dea? to unspeakably num]\s & complex v>iations ( vitalic developm5t3--x 0 requir$ t ! />s %\ld d all ?is--%\ld h "t ?or\ghly to accompli% all ^! ,div9e purposes--dur+ ! p]iod 9 :i* all ?+s 7 effect+ _! return into ,unity ) a velocity accumulat+ 9 ! inv]se proportion ( ! squ>es ( ! di/ances at :i* lay ! inevitable ,end4 ,?r\gh\t all ?is we h no difficulty 9 und]/&+ ! absolute accuracy ( ! ,div9e adaptation4 ,! d5sity ( ! />s1 respectively1 proce$s1 ( c\rse1 z _! cond5sation dim9i%es2 cond5sation & het]og5eity keep pace ) ea* o!r2 ?r\gh ! latt]1 :i* is ! index ( ! =m]1 we e/imate ! vitalic & spiritual developm5t4 ,?us1 9 ! d5sity ( ! globes1 we h ! measure 9 :i* _! purposes are fulfill$4 ,z d5sity proce$s--z ! div9e int5tions are accompli%$--z less & /ill less rema9s to be accompli%$--s--9 ! same ratio--%\ld we expect to f9d an accel]ation ( ! ,end3--& ?us ! philosophical m9d w easily compreh5d t ! ,div9e designs 9 con/itut+ ! />s1 advance ma!matically to _! fulfilm5t3--& m2 x w readily give ! advance a ma!matical expression2 x w decide t ?is advance is inv]sely proportional ) ! squ>es ( ! di/ances ( all creat$ ?+s f ! />t+-po9t & goal ( _! creation4 ,n only is ?is ,div9e adaptation1 h[ev]1 ma!matically accurate1 b !re is t ab\t x :i* /amps x z div9e1 9 di/9ction f t :i* is m]ely ! "w ( human con/ructiv5ess4 ,i allude to ! complete mutuality ( adaptation4 ,= example2 9 human con/ructions a p>ticul> cause has a p>ticul> effect2 a p>ticul> int5tion br+s to pass a p>ticul> object2 b ?is is all2 we see no reciprocity4 ,! effect does n re-act ^u ! cause2 ! int5tion does n *ange relations ) ! object4 ,9 ,div9e con/ructions ! object is ei!r design or object z we *oose to reg>d x--& we may take at any "t a cause = an effect1 or ! conv]se--s t we c nev] absolutely decide :i* is :i*4 ,to give an in/ance3--,9 pol> climates ! human frame1 to ma9ta9 its animal heat1 requires1 = combu/ion 9 ! capill>y sy/em1 an abundant supply ( highly azotiz$ food1 su* z tra9-oil4 ,b aga93--9 pol> climates ne>ly ! sole food af=d$ man is ! oil ( abundant seals & :ales4 ,n[1 :e!r is oil at h& because imp]atively dem&$1 or ! only ?+ dem&$ because ! only ?+ to be obta9$8 ,x is impossible to decide4 ,!re is an absolute reciprocity ( adaptation4 ,! pleasure :i* we d]ive f any display ( human +5uity is 9 ! ratio ( ! approa* to ?is species ( reciprocity4 ,9 ! con/ruction ( plot1 = example1 9 fictiti\s lit]ature1 we %\ld aim at s arrang+ ! incid5ts t we %all n be able to det]m9e1 ( any "o ( !m1 :e!r x dep5ds f any "o o!r or upholds x4 ,9 ?is s5se1 ( c\rse1 p]fection ( plot is really1 or practically1 unatta9able--b only because x is a f9ite intellig5ce t con/ructs4 ,! plots ( ,god are p]fect4 ,! ,univ]se is a plot ( ,god4 ,& n[ we h rea*$ a po9t at :i* ! intellect is =c$1 aga91 to /ruggle aga9/ its prop5sity = analogical inf]5ce--aga9/ its monomaniac grasp+ at ! inf9ite4 ,moons h be5 se5 revolv+ ab\t planets2 planets ab\t />s2 & ! poetical in/9ct ( humanity--its in/9ct ( ! symmetrical1 if ! symmetry be b a symmetry ( surface3--?is in/9ct1 :i* ! ,s\l1 n only ( ,man b ( all creat$ be+s1 took up1 9 ! beg9n+1 f ! geometrical basis ( ! ,univ]sal irradiation--impels u to ! fancy ( an endless ext5sion ( ?is sy/em ( cycles4 ,clos+ our eyes equally to deduction & 9duction1 we insi/ ^u imag9+ a revolution ( all ! orbs ( ! ,galaxy ab\t "s gigantic globe :i* we take to be ! c5tral pivot ( ! :ole4 ,ea* clu/] 9 ! great clu/] ( clu/]s is imag9$1 ( c\rse1 to be simil>ly suppli$ & con/ruct$2 :ile1 t ! 8analogy0 may be want+ at no po9t1 we g on to conceive ^! clu/]s !mselves1 aga91 z revolv+ ab\t "s /ill m augu/ sph]e2--?is latt]1 /ill aga91 ) its encircl+ clu/]s1 z b "o ( a yet m magnific5t s]ies ( agglom]ations1 gyrat+ ab\t yet ano!r orb c5tral to !m--"s orb /ill m unspeakably sublime--"s orb1 let u r say1 ( inf9ite sublimity endlessly multipli$ by ! inf9itely sublime4 ,su* are ! conditions1 cont9u$ 9 p]petuity1 :i* ! voice ( :at "s p t]m 8analogy0 calls ^u ! ,fancy to depict & ! ,reason to contemplate1 if possible1 )\t becom+ dissatisfi$ ) ! picture4 ,su*1 9 g5]al1 are ! int]m9able gyrations beyond gyration :i* we h be5 in/ruct$ by ,philosophy to compreh5d & to acc\nt =1 at lea/ 9 ! be/ mann] we c4 ,n[ & !n1 h[ev]1 a philosoph] prop]--"o ^: phr5zy takes a v det]m9ate turn--^: g5ius1 to speak m rev]5tially1 has a /rongly-pron\nc$ wa%]womani% bias1 do+ e ?+ up by ! doz5--enables u to see precisely t po9t out ( sight1 at :i* ! revolution>y processes 9 "q d1 & ( "r ought to1 come to an end4 ,x is h>dly wor? :ile1 p]haps1 ev5 to sne] at ! rev]ies ( ,f\rri]3--b mu* has be5 said1 latt]ly1 ( ! hypo!sis ( ,mdl]--t !re exi/s1 9 ! c5tre ( ! ,galaxy1 a /up5d\s globe ab\t :i* all ! sy/ems ( ! clu/] revolve4 ,! p]iod ( our own1 inde$1 has be5 /at$--#aag millions ( ye>s4 ,t our ,sun has a motion 9 space1 indep5d5tly ( its rotation1 & revolution ab\t ! sy/em's c5tre ( gravity1 has long be5 suspect$4 ,?is motion1 grant+ x to exi/1 w\ld be manife/$ p]spectively4 ,! />s 9 t firmam5tal region :i* we 7 leav+ beh9d u1 w\ld1 9 a v long s]ies ( ye>s1 become cr[d$2 ^? 9 ! opposite qu>t]1 scatt]$4 ,n[1 by means ( a/ronomical ,hi/ory1 we asc]ta91 cl\dily1 t "s su* phnom5a h occurr$4 ,on ?is gr\nd x has be5 decl>$ t our sy/em is mov+ to a po9t 9 ! heav5s diametrically opposite ! /> ,zeta ,h]culis3--b ?is inf]5ce is1 p]haps1 ! maximum to :i* we h any logical "r4 ,mdl]1 h[ev]1 has gone s f> z to designate a p>ticul> />1 ,alcyone 9 ! ,pleiades1 z be+ at or ab\t ! v spot ar\nd :i* a g5]al revolution is p]=m$4 ,n[1 s9ce by 8analogy0 we are l$1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 to ^! dreams1 x is no m ?an prop] t we %\ld abide by analogy1 at lea/ 9 "s measure1 dur+ _! developm5t2 & t analogy :i* sugge/s ! revolution1 sugge/s at ! same "t a c5tral orb ab\t :i* x %\ld be p]=m$3--s f> ! a/ronom] 0 consi/5t4 ,?is c5tral orb1 h[ev]1 %\ld1 dynamically1 be great] ?an all ! orbs1 tak5 toge!r1 :i* surr\nd x4 ,( ^! !re are ab\t #ajj millions4 8,:y1 !n10 x 0 ( c\rse dem&$1 8d we n see ?is va/ c5tral sun--at lea/ equal 9 mass to #ajj millions ( su* suns z ours--:y d we n see x--we1 especially1 :o occupy ! mid region ( ! clu/]--! v locality ne> :i*1 at all ev5ts1 mu/ be situat$ ?is incomp>able />80 ,! reply 0 ready--8,x mu/ be non-lum9\s1 z are our planets40 ,"h1 !n1 to suit a purpose1 analogy is sudd5ly let fall4 8,n s10 x may be said--8we "k t non-lum9\s suns actually exi/40 ,x is true t we h reason at lea/ = suppos+ s2 b we h c]ta9ly no reason :atev] = suppos+ t ! non-lum9\s suns 9 "q are encircl$ by lum9\s suns1 :ile ^! aga9 are surr\nd$ by non-lum9\s planets3--& x is precisely all ?is ) :i* ,mdl] is call$ ^u to f9d any ?+ analog\s 9 ! heav5s--= x is precisely all ?is :i* he imag9es 9 ! case ( ! ,galaxy4 ,admitt+ ! ?+ to be s1 we _c help "h pictur+ to ourselves h[ sad a puzzle ! :y x is s mu/ prove to all priori philosoph]s4 ,b grant+1 9 ! v tee? ( analogy & ( e ?+ else1 ! non-lum9osity ( ! va/ c5tral orb1 we may /ill inquire h[ ?is orb1 s enorm\s1 c\ld fail ( be+ r5d]$ visible by ! flood ( light ?r[n ^u x f ! #ajj millions ( glori\s suns gl>+ 9 all directions ab\t x4 ,^u ! urg+ ( ?is "q1 ! idea ( an actually solid c5tral sun appe>s1 9 "s measure1 to h be5 ab&on$2 & speculation proce$$ to ass]t t ! sy/ems ( ! clu/] p]=m _! revolutions m]ely ab\t an immat]ial c5tre ( gravity common to all4 ,"h aga9 !n1 to suit a purpose1 analogy is let fall4 ,! planets ( our sy/em revolve1 x is true1 ab\t a common c5tre ( gravity2 b !y d ?is 9 connexion )1 & 9 consequ5ce (1 a mat]ial sun ^: mass m ?an c\nt]balances ! re/ ( ! sy/em4 ,! ma!matical circle is a curve compos$ ( an inf9ity ( /raight l9es4 ,b ?is idea ( ! circle--an idea :i*1 9 view ( all ord9>y geometry1 is m]ely ! ma!matical1 z contradi/+ui%$ f ! practical1 idea--is1 9 sob] fact1 ! practical conception :i* alone we h any "r to ent]ta9 9 reg>d to ! maje/ic circle ) :i* we h to deal1 at lea/ 9 fancy1 :5 we suppose our sy/em revolv+ ab\t a po9t 9 ! c5tre ( ! ,galaxy4 ,let ! mo/ vigor\s ( human imag9ations attempt b to take a s+le /ep t[>ds ! compreh5sion ( a sweep s ineffable6 ,x w\ld sc>cely be p>adoxical to say t a fla% ( lightn+ itself1 travell+ =ev] ^u ! circumf]5ce ( ?is unutt]able circle1 w\ld /ill1 =ev]1 be travell+ 9 a /raight l9e4 ,t ! pa? ( our ,sun 9 su* an orbit w\ld1 to any human p]ception1 deviate 9 ! slighte/ degree f a /raight l9e1 ev5 9 a million ( ye>s1 is a proposition n to be ent]ta9$3--yet we are requir$ to believe t a curvature has become app>5t dur+ ! brief p]iod ( our a/ronomical hi/ory--dur+ a m]e po9t--dur+ ! utt] no?+ness ( two or ?ree ?\s& ye>s4 ,x may be said t ,mdl] has really asc]ta9$ a curvature 9 ! direction ( our sy/em's n[ well-e/abli%$ progress ?r\gh ,space4 ,admitt+1 if necess>y1 ?is fact to be 9 reality su*1 ,i ma9ta9 t no?+ is !reby %[n except ! reality ( ?is fact--! fact ( a curvature4 ,= its ?or\gh det]m9ation1 ages w be requir$2 &1 :5 det]m9$1 x w be f\nd indicative ( "s b9>y or o!r multiple relation betwe5 our ,sun & "s "o or m ( ! proximate />s4 ,i haz>d no?+ h[ev]1 9 pr$ict+1 t1 aft] ! lapse ( _m c5turies1 all ef=ts at det]m9+ ! pa? ( our ,sun ?r\gh ,space1 w be ab&on$ z fruitless4 ,?is is easily conceivable :5 we look at ! inf9ity ( p]turbation x mu/ exp]i5ce1 f its p]petually-%ift+ relations ) o!r orbs1 9 ! common approa* ( all to ! nucleus ( ! ,galaxy4 ,b 9 exam9+ o!r 8nebul0 ?an t ( ! ,milky ,way--9 survey+1 g5]ally1 ! clu/]s :i* ov]spread ! heav5s--d we or d we n f9d confirmation ( ,mdl]'s hypo!sis8 ,we d n4 ,! =ms ( ! clu/]s are exce$+ly div]se :5 casually view$2 b on close inspection1 ?r\gh p[]ful telescopes1 we recognize ! sph]e1 v di/9ctly1 z at lea/ ! proximate =m ( all3--_! con/itution1 9 g5]al1 be+ at v>iance ) ! idea ( revolution ab\t a common c5tre4 8,x is difficult10 says ,sir ,john ,h]s*ell1 8to =m any conception ( ! dynamical /ate ( su* sy/ems4 ,on "o h&1 )\t a rot>y motion & a c5trifugal =ce1 x is h>dly possible n to reg>d !m z 9 a /ate ( progressive collapse4 ,on ! o!r1 grant+ su* a motion & su* a =ce1 we f9d x no less difficult to reconcile _! =ms ) ! rotation ( ! :ole sy/em mean+ clu/] ar\nd any s+le axis1 )\t :i* int]nal collision w\ld appe> to be inevitable40 ,"s rem>ks lately made ab\t ! 8nebul0 by ,dr4 ,ni*ol1 9 tak+ q a diff]5t view ( ! cosmical conditions f any tak5 9 ?is ,disc\rse--h a v peculi> applicability to ! po9t n[ at issue4 ,he says3 8,:5 our greate/ telescopes are br\ght to be> ^u !m1 we f9d t ^? :i* 7 ?\ght to be irregul>1 are n s2 !y approa* ne>] to a globe4 ,"h is "o t look$ oval2 b ,"l ,rosse's telescope br\ght x into a circle4444 ,n[ !re occurs a v rem>kable circum/ance 9 ref]5ce to ^! comp>atively sweep+ circul> masses ( nebul4 ,we f9d !y are n entirely circul>1 b ! rev]se2 & t all ar\nd !m1 on e side1 !re are volumes ( />s1 /ret*+ out app>5tly z if !y 7 ru%+ t[>ds a great c5tral mass 9 consequ5ce ( ! action ( "s great p[]40#ab #ab ,i mu/ be und]/ood z d5y+1 especially1 only ! revolution>y portion ( ,mdl]'s hypo!sis4 ,( c\rse1 if no great c5tral orb exi/s n[ 9 our clu/]1 su* w exi/ h]eaft]4 ,:5ev] exi/+1 x w be m]ely ! nucleus ( ! consolidation4 ,7 ,i to describe1 9 my own words1 :at mu/ necess>ily be ! exi/+ condition ( ea* nebula on ! hypo!sis t all matt] is1 z ,i sugge/1 n[ return+ to its orig9al ,unity1 ,i %\ld simply be go+ ov]1 ne>ly v]batim1 ! language "h employ$ by ,dr4 ,ni*ol1 )\t ! fa9te/ suspicion ( t /up5d\s tru? :i* is ! key to ^! nebul> phnom5a4 ,& "h let me =tify my position /ill f>!r1 by ! voice ( a great] ?an ,mdl]--( "o1 moreov]1 to :om all ! data ( ,mdl] h long be5 famili> ?+s1 c>efully & ?or\ghly consid]$4 ,ref]r+ to ! elaborate calculations ( ,argel&]--! v rese>*es :i* =m ,mdl]'s basis--,humboldt1 ^: g5]aliz+ p[]s h nev]1 p]haps be5 equall$1 has ! foll[+ obs]vation3 8,:5 we reg>d ! real1 prop]1 or non-p]spective motions ( ! />s1 we f9d _m gr\ps ( !m mov+ 9 opposite directions2 & ! data z yet 9 h& r5d] x n necess>y1 at lea/1 to conceive t ! sy/ems compos+ ! ,milky ,way1 or ! clu/]s1 g5]ally1 compos+ ! ,univ]se1 are revolv+ ab\t any p>ticul> c5tre unkn[n1 :e!r lum9\s or non-lum9\s4 ,x is b ,man's long+ = a fundam5tal ,fir/ ,cause1 t impels bo? 8 intellect & 8 fancy to ! adoption ( su* an hypo!sis40#ac #ac ,betra*tet man die ni*t p]spectivis*5 eig55 ,bewegung5 d] ,/]ne1 s s*e95 viele grupp5weise 9 ihr] ,ri*tung entgeg5gesetzt2 und die bi%] gesammelt5 ,?atsa*5 ma*5 es auf's w5ig/e ni*t no?w5dig1 anzunehm51 dass alle ,!ile uns]] ,/]n5s*i*t od] g> d] gesammt5 ,/]n59seln1 wel*e d5 ,weltraum fll51 si* um e95 gross51 unbekannt51 leu*t5d5 od] dunkeln ,c5tralkrp] beweg54 ,das ,/reb5 na* d5 letzt5 und h*/5 ,grundursa*5 ma*t freili* die reflectir5de ,?tigkeit des ,m5s*51 wie se9e ,phantasie1 zu e9] sol*5 ,annahme g5eigt4 ,! phnom5on "h allud$ to--t ( 8_m gr\ps mov+ 9 opposite directions0--is q inexplicable by ,mdl]'s idea2 b arises1 z a necess>y consequ5ce1 f t :i* =ms ! basis ( ?is ,disc\rse4 ,:ile ! m]ely g5]al direction ( ea* atom--( ea* moon1 planet1 />1 or clu/]--w\ld1 on my hypo!sis1 be1 ( c\rse1 absolutely rectil9e>2 :ile ! g5]al pa? ( all bodies w\ld be a "r l9e lead+ to ! c5tre ( all2 x is cle>1 nev]!less1 t ?is g5]al rectil9e>ity w\ld be comp\nd$ ( :at1 ) sc>cely any exagg]ation1 we may t]m an inf9ity ( p>ticul> curves--an inf9ity ( local deviations f rectil9e>ity--! result ( cont9u\s diff]5ces ( relative position among ! multitud9\s masses1 z ea* proce$$ on its own prop] j\rney to ! ,end4 ,i quot$1 j n[1 f ,sir ,john ,h]s*ell1 ! foll[+ words1 us$ 9 ref]5ce to ! clu/]s3--8,on "o h&1 )\t a rot>y motion & a c5trifugal =ce1 x is h>dly possible n to reg>d !m z 9 a /ate ( progressive collapse40 ,! fact is1 t1 9 survey+ ! 8nebul0 ) a telescope ( high p[]1 we %all f9d x q impossible1 hav+ once conceiv$ ?is idea ( 8collapse10 n to ga!r1 at all po9ts1 corroboration ( ! idea4 ,a nucleus is always app>5t1 9 ! direction ( :i* ! />s seem to be precipitat+ !mselves2 nor c ^! nuclei be mi/ak5 = m]ely p]spective phnom5a3--! clu/]s are really d5s] ne> ! c5tre--sp>s] 9 ! regions m remote f x4 ,9 a ^w1 we see e ?+ z we %\ld see x 7 a collapse tak+ place2 b1 9 g5]al1 x may be said ( ^! clu/]s1 t we c fairly ent]ta91 :ile look+ at !m1 ! idea ( orbitual movem5t ab\t a c5tre1 only by admitt+ ! possible exi/5ce1 9 ! di/ant doma9s ( space1 ( dynamical laws ) :i* we are unacqua9t$4 ,on ! "p ( ,h]s*ell1 h[ev]1 !re is evid5tly a reluctance to reg>d ! nebul z 9 8a /ate ( progressive collapse40 ,b if facts--if ev5 appe>ances ju/ify ! supposition ( _! be+ 9 ?is /ate1 :y1 x may well be dem&$1 is he dis9cl9$ to admit x8 ,simply on acc\nt ( a prejudice2--m]ely because ! supposition is at w> ) a preconceiv$ & utt]ly baseless notion--t ( ! endlessness--t ( ! et]nal /ability ( ! ,univ]se4 ,if ! propositions ( ?is ,disc\rse are t5able1 ! 8/ate ( progressive collapse0 is precisely t /ate 9 :i* alone we are w>rant$ 9 consid]+ ,all ,?+s2 &1 ) due humility1 let me "h confess t1 = my "p1 ,i am at a loss to conceive h[ any o!r und]/&+ ( ! exi/+ condition ( affairs1 c\ld ev] h made its way into ! human bra94 8,! t5d5cy to collapse0 & 8! attraction ( gravitation0 are conv]tible phrases4 ,9 us+ ei!r1 we speak ( ! raction ( ! ,fir/ ,act4 ,nev] 0 necessity less obvi\s ?an t ( suppos+ ,matt] imbu$ ) an in]adicable quality =m+ "p ( its mat]ial nature--a quality1 or in/9ct1 =ev] insep>able f x1 & by d9t ( :i* inali5able pr9ciple e atom is p]petually impell$ to seek its fell[-atom4 ,nev] 0 necessity less obvi\s ?an t ( ent]ta9+ ?is unphilosophical idea4 ,go+ boldly beh9d ! vulg> ?\ght1 we h to conceive1 metaphysically1 t ! gravitat+ pr9ciple app]ta9s to ,matt] tempor>ily--only :ile diffus$--only :ile exi/+ z ,_m in/ead ( z ,"o--app]ta9s to x by virtue ( its /ate ( irradiation alone--app]ta9s1 9 a ^w1 altoge!r to its condition1 & n 9 ! slighte/ degree to itself4 ,9 ?is view1 :5 ! irradiation %all h return$ into its s\rce--:5 ! raction %all be complet$--! gravitat+ pr9ciple w no long] exi/4 ,&1 9 fact1 a/ronom]s1 )\t at any "t rea*+ ! idea "h sugge/$1 seem to h be5 approximat+ x1 9 ! ass]tion t 8if !re 7 b "o body 9 ! ,univ]se1 x w\ld be impossible to und]/& h[ ! pr9ciple1 ,gravity1 c\ld obta930--t is to say1 f a consid]ation ( ,matt] z !y f9d x1 !y rea* a conclusion at :i* ,i d$uctively arrive4 ,t s pregnant a sugge/ion z ! "o j quot$ %\ld h be5 p]mitt$ to rema9 s long unfruitful1 is1 nev]!less1 a my/]y :i* ,i f9d x difficult to fa?om4 ,x is1 p]haps1 9 no little degree1 h[ev]1 our prop5sity = ! cont9u\s--= ! analogical--9 ! pres5t case m p>ticul>ly = ! symmetrical--:i* has be5 lead+ u a/ray4 ,&1 9 fact1 ! s5se ( ! symmetrical is an in/9ct :i* may be dep5d$ ^u ) an almo/ bl9dfold reliance4 ,x is ! poetical ess5ce ( ! ,univ]se--( ! ,univ]se :i*1 9 ! suprem5ess ( its symmetry1 is b ! mo/ sublime ( poems4 ,n[ symmetry & consi/5cy are conv]tible t]ms3--?us ,poetry & ,tru? are "o4 ,a ?+ is consi/5t 9 ! ratio ( its tru?--true 9 ! ratio ( its consi/5cy4 ,a p]fect consi/5cy1 ,i repeat1 c be no?+ b an absolute tru?4 ,we may take x = grant$1 !n1 t ,man _c long or widely err1 if he suff] himself to be guid$ by 8 poetical1 :i* ,i h ma9ta9$ to be 8 tru?ful1 9 be+ 8 symmetrical1 in/9ct4 ,he mu/ h a c>e1 h[ev]1 le/1 9 pursu+ too he$lessly ! sup]ficial symmetry ( =ms & motions1 he leave out ( sight ! really ess5tial symmetry ( ! pr9ciples :i* det]m9e & control !m4 ,t ! /ell> bodies w\ld f9ally be m]g$ 9 "o--t1 at la/1 all w\ld be drawn into ! sub/ance ( "o /up5d\s c5tral orb already exi/+--is an idea :i*1 = "s "t pa/1 seems1 vaguely & indet]m9ately1 to h held possession ( ! fancy ( mank9d4 ,x is an idea1 9 fact1 :i* belongs to ! class ( ! excessively obvi\s4 ,x spr+s1 in/antly1 f a sup]ficial obs]vation ( ! cyclic & seem+ly gyrat+1 or vorticial movem5ts ( ^? individual portions ( ! ,univ]se :i* come mo/ imm$iately & mo/ closely "u our obs]vation4 ,!re is n1 p]haps1 a human be+1 ( ord9>y education & ( av]age reflective capacity1 to :om1 at "s p]iod1 ! fancy 9 "q has n occurr$1 z if spontane\sly1 or intuitively1 & we>+ all ! "* ( a v pr(\nd & v orig9al conception4 ,?is conception1 h[ev]1 s commonly ent]ta9$1 has nev]1 )9 my k1 aris5 out ( any ab/ract consid]ations4 ,be+1 on ! contr>y1 always sugge/$1 z ,i say1 by ! vorticial movem5ts ab\t c5tres1 a reason = x1 also1--a cause = ! +a!r+ ( all ! orbs into "o1 imag9$ to be already exi/+1 0 naturally s\ght 9 ! same direction--among ^! cyclic movem5ts !mselves4 ,?us x happ5$ t1 on ann\ncem5t ( ! gradual & p]fectly regul> decrease obs]v$ 9 ! orbit ( ,enck's comet1 at e successive revolution ab\t our ,sun1 a/ronom]s 7 ne>ly unanim\s 9 ! op9ion t ! cause 9 "q 0 f\nd--t a pr9ciple 0 discov]$ suffici5t to acc\nt1 physically1 = t f9al1 univ]sal agglom]ation :i*1 ,i repeat1 ! analogical1 symmetrical or poetical in/9ct ( ,man _h pr$et]m9$ to und]/& z some?+ m ?an a simple hypo!sis4 ,?is cause--?is suffici5t reason = ! f9al +a!r+--0 decl>$ to exi/ 9 an exce$+ly r>e b /ill mat]ial m$ium p]vad+ space2 :i* m$ium1 by ret>d+1 9 "s degree1 ! progress ( ! comet1 p]petually weak5$ its tang5tial =ce2 ?us giv+ a pr$om9ance to ! c5tripetal2 :i*1 ( c\rse1 drew ! comet ne>] & ne>] at ea* revolution1 & w\ld ev5tually precipitate x ^u ! ,sun4 ,all ?is 0 /rictly logical--admitt+ ! m$ium or e!r2 b ?is e!r 0 assum$1 mo/ illogically1 on ! gr\nd t no o!r mode ?an ! "o spok5 ( c\ld be discov]$1 ( acc\nt+ = ! obs]v$ decrease 9 ! orbit ( ! comet3--z if f ! fact t we c\ld discov] no o!r mode ( acc\nt+ = x1 x foll[$1 9 any respect1 t no o!r mode ( acc\nt+ = x exi/$4 ,x is cle> t innum]able causes might op]ate1 9 comb9ation1 to dim9i% ! orbit1 )\t ev5 a possibility ( our ev] becom+ acqua9t$ ) "o ( !m4 ,9 ! meantime1 x has nev] be5 fairly %[n1 p]haps1 :y ! ret>dation occasion$ by ! skirts ( ! ,sun's atmosph]e1 ?r\gh :i* ! comet passes at p]ihelion1 is n en\gh to acc\nt = ! phnom5on4 ,t ,enck's comet w be absorb$ into ! ,sun1 is probable2 t all ! comets ( ! sy/em w be absorb$1 is m ?an m]ely possible2 b1 9 su* case1 ! pr9ciple ( absorption mu/ be ref]r$ to ecc5tricity ( orbit--to ! close approximation to ! ,sun1 ( ! comets at _! p]ihelia2 & is a pr9ciple n affect+1 9 any degree1 ! pond]\s sph]es1 :i* are to be reg>d$ z ! true mat]ial con/itu5ts ( ! ,univ]se4--,t\*+ comets1 9 g5]al1 let me "h sugge/1 9 pass+1 t we _c be f> wrong 9 look+ ^u !m z ! lightn+-fla%es ( ! cosmical ,heav54 ,! idea ( a ret>d+ e!r &1 ?r\gh x1 ( a f9al agglom]ation ( all ?+s1 seem$ at "o "t1 h[ev]1 to be confirm$ by ! obs]vation ( a positive decrease 9 ! orbit ( ! solid moon4 ,by ref]5ce to eclipses record$ #bejj ye>s ago1 x 0 f\nd t ! velocity ( ! satellite's revolution !n 0 consid]ably less ?an x is n[2 t on ! hypo!sis t its motions 9 its orbit is uni=mly 9 accordance ) ,kepl]'s law1 & 0 accurately det]m9$ !n--#bejj ye>s ago--x is n[ 9 advance ( ! position x %\ld occupy1 by ne>ly #ijjj miles4 ,! increase ( velocity prov$1 ( c\rse1 a dim9ution ( orbit2 & a/ronom]s 7 fa/ yield+ to a belief 9 an e!r1 z ! sole mode ( acc\nt+ = ! phnom5on1 :5 ,lagrange came to ! rescue4 ,he %[$ t1 ow+ to ! configurations ( ! sph]oids1 ! %ort] axes ( _! ellipses are subject to v>iation 9 l5g?2 ! long] axes be+ p]man5t2 & t ?is v>iation is cont9u\s & vibratory--s t e orbit is 9 a /ate ( transition1 ei!r f circle to ellipse1 or f ellipse to circle4 ,9 ! case ( ! moon1 :]e ! %ort] axis is decreas+1 ! orbit is pass+ f circle to ellipse &1 consequ5tly1 is decreas+ too2 b1 aft] a long s]ies ( ages1 ! ultimate ecc5tricity w be atta9$2 !n ! %ort] axis w proce$ to 9crease1 until ! orbit becomes a circle2 :5 ! process ( %ort5+ w aga9 take place2--& s on =ev]4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,e>?1 ! orbit is pass+ f ellipse to circle4 ,! facts ?us demon/rat$ d away1 ( c\rse1 ) all necessity = suppos+ an e!r1 & ) all appreh5sion ( ! sy/em's in/ability--on ! e!r's acc\nt4 ,x w be rememb]$ t ,i h myself assum$ :at we may t]m an e!r4 ,i h spok5 ( a subtle influ5ce :i* we "k to be ev] 9 att5dance ^u matt]1 al?\gh becom+ manife/ only ?r\gh matt]'s het]og5eity4 ,to ?is influ5ce--)\t d>+ to t\* x at all 9 any ef=t at expla9+ its awful nature--,i h ref]r$ ! v>i\s phnom5a ( electricity1 heat1 light1 magnetism2 & m--( vitality1 consci\sness1 & ?\ght--9 a ^w1 ( spirituality4 ,x w be se51 at once1 !n1 t ! e!r ?us conceiv$ is radically di/9ct f ! e!r ( ! a/ronom]s2 inasmu* z !irs is matt] & m9e n4 ,) ! idea ( a mat]ial e!r1 seems1 ?us1 to h dep>t$ altoge!r ! ?\ght ( t univ]sal agglom]ation s long pr$et]m9$ by ! poetical fancy ( mank9d3--an agglom]ation 9 :i* a s\nd ,philosophy might h be5 w>rant$ 9 putt+ fai?1 at lea/ to a c]ta9 ext5t1 if = no o!r reason ?an t by ?is poetical fancy x _h be5 s pr$et]m9$4 ,b s f> z ,a/ronomy--s f> z m]e ,physics h yet spok51 ! cycles ( ! ,univ]se are p]petual--! ,univ]se has no conceivable end4 ,_h an end be5 demon/rat$1 h[ev]1 f s purely collat]al a cause z an e!r1 ,man's in/9ct ( ! ,div9e capacity to adapt1 w\ld h rebell$ aga9/ ! demon/ration4 ,we %\ld h be5 =c$ to reg>d ! ,univ]se ) "s su* s5se ( dissatisfaction z we exp]i5ce 9 contemplat+ an unnecess>ily complex "w ( human art4 ,creation w\ld h affect$ u z an imp]fect plot 9 a romance1 :]e ! dnom5t is awkw>dly br\ght ab\t by int]pos$ incid5ts ext]nal & =eign to ! ma9 subject2 in/ead ( spr++ out ( ! bosom ( ! !sis--out ( ! he>t ( ! rul+ idea--in/ead ( aris+ z a result ( ! prim>y proposition--z insep>able & inevitable "p & p>cel ( ! fundam5tal conception ( ! book4 ,:at ,i mean by ! symmetry ( m]e surface w n[ be m cle>ly und]/ood4 ,x is simply by ! bl&i%m5t ( ?is symmetry t we h be5 beguil$ into ! g5]al idea ( :i* ,mdl]'s hypo!sis is b a "p--! idea ( ! vorticial indraw+ ( ! orbs4 ,dismiss+ ?is nak$ly physical conception1 ! symmetry ( pr9ciple sees ! end ( all ?+s metaphysically involv$ 9 ! ?\ght ( a beg9n+2 seeks & f9ds 9 ?is orig9 ( all ?+s ! rudim5t ( ?is end2 & p]ceives ! impiety ( suppos+ ?is end likely to be br\ght ab\t less simply--less directly--less obvi\sly--less arti/ically--?an ?r\gh ! raction ( ! orig9at+ ,act4 ,recurr+1 !n1 to a previ\s sugge/ion1 let u und]/& ! sy/ems--let u und]/& ea* />1 ) its att5dant planets--z b a ,titanic atom exi/+ 9 space ) precisely ! same incl9ation = ,unity :i* *>act]iz$1 9 ! beg9n+1 ! actual atoms aft] _! irradiation ?r\gh\t ! ,univ]sal sph]e4 ,z ^! orig9al atoms ru%$ t[>ds ea* o!r 9 g5]ally /raight l9es1 s let u conceive z at lea/ g5]ally rectil9e>1 ! pa?s ( ! sy/em-atoms t[>ds _! respective c5tres ( aggregation3--& 9 ?is direct draw+ toge!r ( ! sy/ems into clu/]s1 ) a simil> & simultane\s draw+ toge!r ( ! clu/]s !mselves :ile und]go+ consolidation1 we h at l5g? atta9$ ! great ,n[--! awful ,pres5t--! ,exi/+ ,condition ( ! ,univ]se4 ,( ! /ill m awful ,future a n irrational analogy may guide u 9 fram+ an hypo!sis4 ,! equilibrium betwe5 ! c5tripetal & c5trifugal =ces ( ea* sy/em1 be+ necess>ily de/roy$ ^u atta9m5t ( a c]ta9 proximity to ! nucleus ( ! clu/] to :i* x belongs1 !re mu/ occur1 at once1 a *aotic or seem+ly *aotic precipitation1 ( ! moons ^u ! planets1 ( ! planets ^u ! suns1 & ( ! suns ^u ! nuclei2 & ! g5]al result ( ?is precipitation mu/ be ! ga!r+ ( ! myriad n[-exi/+ />s ( ! firmam5t into an almo/ inf9itely less numb] ( almo/ inf9itely sup]ior sph]es4 ,9 be+ immeasurably few]1 ! worlds ( t day w be immeasurably great] ?an our own4 ,!n1 inde$1 amid unfa?omable abysses1 w be gl>+ unimag9able suns4 ,b all ?is w be m]ely a climacic magnific5ce =ebod+ ! great ,end4 ,( ?is ,end ! new g5esis describ$1 c be b a v p>tial po/ponem5t4 ,:ile und]go+ consolidation1 ! clu/]s !mselves1 ) a spe$ prodigi\sly accumulative1 h be5 ru%+ t[>ds _! own g5]al c5tre--& n[1 ) a ?\s&-fold electric velocity1 comm5surate only ) _! mat]ial gr&eur & ) ! spiritual passion ( _! appetite = on5ess1 ! maje/ic remnants ( ! tribe ( ,/>s fla%1 at l5g?1 into a common embrace4 ,! inevitable cata/rophe is at h&4 ,b ?is cata/rophe--:at is x8 ,we h se5 accompli%$ ! +a!r+ ( ! orbs4 ,h5ce=w>d1 are we n to und]/& "o mat]ial globe ( globes z con/itut+ & compreh5d+ ! ,univ]se8 ,su* a fancy w\ld be altoge!r at w> ) e assumption & consid]ation ( ?is ,disc\rse4 ,i h already allud$ to t absolute reciprocity ( adaptation :i* is ! idiosyncrasy ( ! div9e ,art--/amp+ x div9e4 ,up to ?is po9t ( our reflections1 we h be5 reg>d+ ! electrical influ5ce z a some?+ by d9t ( ^: repulsion alone ,matt] is enabl$ to exi/ 9 t /ate ( diffusion dem&$ = ! fulfilm5t ( its purposes3--s f>1 9 a ^w1 we h be5 consid]+ ! influ5ce 9 "q z orda9$ = ,matt]'s sake--to subs]ve ! objects ( matt]4 ,) a p]fectly legitimate reciprocity1 we are n[ p]mitt$ to look at ,matt]1 z creat$ solely = ! sake ( ?is influ5ce--solely to s]ve ! objects ( ?is spiritual ,e!r4 ,?r\gh ! aid--by ! means--?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ,matt]1 & by d9t ( its het]og5eity--is ?is ,e!r manife/$--is ,_s individualiz$4 ,x is m]ely 9 ! developm5t ( ?is ,e!r1 ?r\gh het]og5eity1 t p>ticul> masses ( ,matt] become animate--s5sitive--& 9 ! ratio ( _! het]og5eity2--"s rea*+ a degree ( s5sitiv5ess involv+ :at we call ,?\ght & ?us atta9+ ,consci\s ,intellig5ce4 ,9 ?is view1 we are enabl$ to p]ceive ,matt] z a ,means--n z an ,end4 ,its purposes are ?us se5 to h be5 compreh5d$ 9 its diffusion2 & ) ! return into ,unity ^! purposes cease4 ,! absolutely consolidat$ globe ( globes w\ld be objectless3--!re=e n = a mom5t c\ld x cont9ue to exi/4 ,matt]1 creat$ = an end1 w\ld unque/ionably1 on fulfilm5t ( t end1 be ,matt] no long]4 ,let u endeavor to und]/& t x w\ld disappe>1 & t ,god w\ld rema9 all 9 all4 ,t e "w ( ,div9e conception mu/ cexi/ & cexpire ) its p>ticul> design1 seems to me especially obvi\s2 & ,i make no d\bt t1 on p]ceiv+ ! f9al globe ( globes to be objectless1 ! majority ( my read]s w be satisfi$ ) my 8!re=e x _c cont9ue to exi/40 ,nev]!less1 z ! />tl+ ?\ght ( its in/antane\s disappe>ance is "o :i* ! mo/ p[]ful intellect _c be expect$ readily to ent]ta9 on gr\nds s decid$ly ab/ract1 let u endeavor to look at ! idea f "s o!r & m ord9>y po9t ( view3--let u see h[ ?or\ghly & beautifully x is corroborat$ 9 an po/]iori consid]ation ( ,matt] z we actually f9d x4 ,i h be=e said t 8,attraction & ,repulsion be+ und5iably ! sole prop]ties by :i* ,matt] is manife/$ to ,m9d1 we are ju/ifi$ 9 assum+ t ,matt] exi/s only z ,attraction & ,repulsion--9 o!r words t ,attraction & ,repulsion are ,matt]2 !re be+ no conceivable case 9 :i* we may n employ ! t]m ,matt] & ! t]ms #8,attraction' & #8,repulsion' tak5 toge!r1 z equival5t1 & !re=e conv]tible1 expressions 9 ,logic40#ad #ad ,page #cg4 ,n[ ! v def9ition ( ,attraction implies p>ticul>ity--! exi/5ce ( p>ts1 p>ticles1 or atoms2 = we def9e x z ! t5d5cy ( 8ea* atom c4 to e o!r atom0 c4 accord+ to a c]ta9 law4 ,( c\rse :]e !re are no p>ts--:]e !re is absolute ,unity--:]e ! t5d5cy to on5ess is satisfi$--!re c be no ,attraction3--?is has be5 fully %[n1 & all ,philosophy admits x4 ,:51 on fulfilm5t ( its purposes1 !n1 ,matt] %all h return$ into its orig9al condition ( ,"o--a condition :i* presupposes ! expulsion ( ! sep>ative e!r1 ^: prov9ce & ^: capacity are limit$ to keep+ ! atoms ap>t until t great day :51 ?is e!r be+ no long] ne$$1 ! ov]:elm+ pressure ( ! f9ally collective ,attraction %all at l5g? j suffici5tly pr$om9ate#ae & expel x3--:51 ,i say1 ,matt]1 f9ally1 expell+ ! ,e!r1 %all h return$ into absolute ,unity1--x w !n 7to speak p>adoxically = ! mom5t7 be ,matt] )\t ,attraction & )\t ,repulsion--9 o!r words1 ,matt] )\t ,matt]--9 o!r words1 aga91 ,matt] no m4 ,9 s9k+ into ,unity1 x w s9k at once into t ,no?+ness :i*1 to all ,f9ite ,p]ception1 ,unity mu/ be--into t ,mat]ial ,nihility f :i* alone we c conceive x to h be5 evok$--to h be5 creat$ by ! ,volition ( ,god4 #ae 8,gravity1 !re=e1 mu/ be ! /ronge/ ( =ces40--,see page #ci4 ,i repeat !n--,let u endeavor to compreh5d t ! f9al globe ( globes w in/antane\sly disappe>1 & t ,god w rema9 all 9 all4 ,b are we "h to pause8 ,n s4 ,on ! ,univ]sal agglom]ation & dissolution1 we c readily conceive t a new & p]haps totally diff]5t s]ies ( conditions may ensue--ano!r creation & irradiation1 return+ into itself--ano!r action & raction ( ! ,div9e ,w4 ,guid+ our imag9ations by t omnipreval5t law ( laws1 ! law ( p]iodicity1 are we n1 inde$1 m ?an ju/ifi$ 9 ent]ta9+ a belief--let u say1 r1 9 indulg+ a hope--t ! processes we h "h v5tur$ to contemplate w be r5ew$ =ev]1 & =ev]1 & =ev]2 a novel ,univ]se swell+ into exi/5ce1 & !n subsid+ into no?+ness1 at e ?rob ( ! ,he>t ,div9e8 ,& n[--?is ,he>t ,div9e--:at is x8 ,x is our own4 ,let n ! m]ely seem+ irrev]5ce ( ?is idea fright5 our s\ls f t cool ex]cise ( consci\sness--f t deep tranquillity ( self-inspection--?r\gh :i* alone we c hope to atta9 ! pres5ce ( ?is1 ! mo/ sublime ( tru?s1 & look x leisurely 9 ! face4 ,! phnom5a on :i* our conclusions mu/ at ?is po9t dep5d1 are m]ely spiritual %ad[s1 b n ! less ?or\ghly sub/antial4 ,we walk ab\t1 amid ! de/9ies ( our _w-exi/5ce1 encompass$ by dim b ev] pres5t ,memories ( a ,de/9y m va/--v di/ant 9 ! by-gone "t1 & inf9itely awful4 ,we live out a ,y\? peculi>ly haunt$ by su* dreams2 yet nev] mi/ak+ !m = dreams4 ,z ,memories we "k !m4 ,dur+ our ,y\? ! di/9ction is too cle> to deceive u ev5 = a mom5t4 ,s long z ?is ,y\? endures1 ! feel+ t we exi/1 is ! mo/ natural ( all feel+s4 ,we und]/& x ?or\ghly4 ,t !re 0 a p]iod at :i* we did n exi/--or1 t x might s h happ5$ t we nev] _h exi/$ at all--are ! consid]ations1 inde$1 :i* dur+ ?is y\?1 we f9d difficulty 9 und]/&+4 ,:y we %\ld n exi/1 is1 up to ! epo* ( our ,manhood1 ( all qu]ies ! mo/ unansw]able4 ,exi/5ce--self-exi/5ce--exi/5ce f all ,"t & to all ,et]nity--seems1 up to ! epo* ( ,manhood1 a normal & unque/ionable condition3--seems1 because x is4 ,b n[ comes ! p]iod at :i* a conv5tional ,_w-,reason awak5s u f ! tru? ( our dream4 ,d\bt1 ,surprise & ,incompreh5sibility arrive at ! same mom5t4 ,!y say3--8,y live & ! "t 0 :5 y liv$ n4 ,y h be5 creat$4 ,an ,intellig5ce exi/s great] ?an y\r own2 & x is only ?r\gh ?is ,intellig5ce y live at all40 ,^! ?+s we /ruggle to compreh5d & _c3--_c1 because ^! ?+s1 be+ untrue1 are ?us1 ( necessity1 incompreh5sible4 ,no ?9k+ be+ lives :o1 at "s lum9\s po9t ( 8 life ( ?\ght1 has n felt himself lo/ amid ! surges ( futile ef=ts at und]/&+1 or believ+1 t any?+ exi/s great] ?an 8 own s\l4 ,! utt] impossibility ( any "o's s\l feel+ itself inf]ior to ano!r2 ! int5se1 ov]:elm+ dissatisfaction & rebellion at ! ?\ght2--^!1 ) ! omnipreval5t aspirations at p]fection1 are b ! spiritual1 co9cid5t ) ! mat]ial1 /ruggles t[>ds ! orig9al ,unity--are1 to my m9d at lea/1 a species ( pro( f> surpass+ :at ,man t]ms demon/ration1 t no "o s\l is inf]ior to ano!r--t no?+ is1 or c be1 sup]ior to any "o s\l--t ea* s\l is1 9 "p1 its own ,god--its own ,creator3--9 a ^w1 t ,god--! mat]ial & spiritual ,god--n[ exi/s solely 9 ! diffus$ ,matt] & ,_s ( ! ,univ]se2 & t ! rega!r+ ( ?is diffus$ ,matt] & ,_s w be b ! re-con/itution ( ! purely ,spiritual & ,individual ,god4 ,9 ?is view1 & 9 ?is view alone1 we compreh5d ! riddles ( ,div9e ,inju/ice--( ,inexorable ,fate4 ,9 ?is view alone ! exi/5ce ( ,evil becomes intelligible2 b 9 ?is view x becomes m--x becomes endurable4 ,our s\ls no long] rebel at a ,sorr[ :i* we ourselves h impos$ ^u ourselves1 9 fur!rance ( our own purposes--) a view--if ev5 ) a futile view--to ! ext5sion ( our own ,joy4 ,i h spok5 ( ,memories t haunt u dur+ our y\?4 ,!y sometimes pursue u ev5 9 our ,manhood3--assume gradually less & less indef9ite %apes3--n[ & !n speak to u ) l[ voices1 say+3 8,!re 0 an epo* 9 ! ,night ( ,"t1 :5 a /ill-exi/5t ,be+ exi/$--"o ( an absolutely inf9ite numb] ( simil> ,be+s t p ! absolutely inf9ite doma9s ( ! absolutely inf9ite space4#af ,x 0 n & is n 9 ! p[] ( ?is ,be+--any m ?an x is 9 y\r own--to ext5d1 by actual increase1 ! joy ( 8 ,exi/5ce2 b j z x is 9 y\r p[] to exp& or to conc5trate y\r pleasures 7! absolute am\nt ( happ9ess rema9+ always ! same7 s did & does a simil> capability app]ta9 to ?is ,div9e ,be+1 :o ?us passes 8 ,et]nity 9 p]petual v>iation ( ,conc5trat$ ,self & almo/ ,inf9ite ,self-,diffusion4 ,:at y call ,! ,univ]se is b 8 pres5t expansive exi/5ce4 ,he n[ feels 8 life ?r\gh an inf9ity ( imp]fect pleasures--! p>tial & pa9-int]tangl$ pleasures ( ^? inconceivably num]\s ?+s :i* y designate z 8 creatures1 b :i* are really b inf9ite individualizations ( ,himself4 ,all ^! creatures--all--^? :i* y t]m animate1 z well z ^? to :om y d5y life = no bett] reason ?an t y d n behold x 9 op]ation--all ^! creatures h1 9 a great] or less degree1 a capacity = pleasure & = pa93--b ! g5]al sum ( _! s5sations is precisely t am\nt ( ,happ9ess :i* app]ta9s by "r to ! ,div9e ,be+ :5 conc5trat$ )9 ,himself4 ,^! creatures are all1 too1 m or less consci\s ,intellig5ces2 consci\s1 fir/1 ( a prop] id5tity2 consci\s1 secondly & by fa9t indet]m9ate glimpses1 ( an id5tity ) ! ,div9e ,be+ ( :om we speak--( an id5tity ) ,god4 ,( ! two classes ( consci\sness1 fancy t ! =m] w gr[ weak]1 ! latt] /rong]1 dur+ ! long succession ( ages :i* mu/ elapse be=e ^! myriads ( individual ,intellig5ces become bl5d$--:5 ! bright />s become bl5d$--into ,"o4 ,?9k t ! s5se ( individual id5tity w be gradually m]g$ 9 ! g5]al consci\sness--t ,man1 = example1 ceas+ imp]ceptibly to feel himself ,man1 w at l5g? atta9 t awfully triumphant epo* :5 he %all recognize 8 exi/5ce z t ( ,jehovah4 ,9 ! meantime be> 9 m9d t all is ,life--,life--,life )9 ,life--! less )9 ! great]1 & all )9 ! ,_s ,div9e40 #af ,see pages #ajb-ajc--,p>agraph comm5c+ 8,i reply t ! "r10 & end+ 8prop] & p>ticul> ,god40 ,,! ,,end4 #aee ,broadway1 ,,new ,,york4 #adb ,/r&1 ,,london4 ,( late firm ( ,,wiley ,,putnam4 ,new ,works 9 ,press1 ,or rec5tly publi%$1 by ,,george ,p4 ,,putnam1 #aee ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 ,g4 ,p4 ,,putnam has ! pleasure ( ann\nc+ t1 agreeably to 8 contract ) ! di/+ui%$ au?or1 he has n[ 9 ! c\rse ( publication ,a new1 uni=m1 & complete edition ,,( ,,! ,works ( ,wa%+ton ,irv+1 ,revis$ & enl>g$ by ! ,au?or1 ,9 ,twelve ,elegant ,duodecimo ,volumes1 ,beautifully pr9t$ ) new type1 & on sup]ior pap]1 made expressly = ! purpose4 ,! fir/ volume ( ! ,s]ies w be ,! ,sket*-,book1 complete 9 "o volume1 :i* w be ready on ! fir/ day ( ,septemb]4 ,knick]bock]'s ,hi/ory ( ,new ,york1 ) revisions & copi\s additions1 w be publi%$ on ! #a/ ( ,octob]4 ,! ,life & ,voyages ( ,columbus1 ,vol4 ,i4 on ! #a/ ( ,novemb]1 & ! succe$+ volumes w be issu$ on ! fir/ day ( ea* mon? until complet$2--z foll[s3 ,! ,sket*-,book1 9 "o volume4 ,knick]bock]'s ,new ,york1 9 "o volume4 ,tales ( a ,travell]1 9 "o volume4 ,bracebridge ,hall1 9 "o volume4 ,! ,conque/ ( ,gr5ada1 9 "o volume4 ,! ,alhambra1 9 "o volume4 ,! ,spani% ,leg5ds1 9 "o vol4 ,! ,crayon ,miscellany1 9 "o vol4--,abbots=d1 ,new/ead1 ,! ,prairies1 c4 ,life & ,voyages ( ,columbus1 & ,! ,companions ( ,columbus1 #b vols4 ,adv5tures ( ,capta9 ,bonneville1 "o vol4 ,a/oria1 "o volume4 ,! ,illu/rat$ ,sket*-,book4 ,9 ,octob] w be publi%$1 ,! ,sket*-,book4 ,,by ,,wa%+ton ,,irv+4 ,"o volume1 squ>e octavo4 ,illu/rat$ ) a s]ies ( highly-f9i%$ ,engrav+s on wood1 f ,designs by ,d>ley & o!rs1 engrav$ 9 ! be/ /yle by ,*ilds1 ,h]rick1 c4 ,?is edition w be pr9t$ on pap] ( ! f9e/ quality1 simil> 9 size & /yle to ! new edition ( 8,halleck's ,poems40 ,x is int5d$ t ! illu/rations %all be sup]ior to any engrav+s on wood yet produc$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 & t ! me*anical execution ( ! volume1 altoge!r1 %all be wor?y ( ! au?or's reputation4 ,x w =m an elegant & appropriate gift-book = all seasons4 ,! ,illu/rat$ ,knick]bock]1 ,) a s]ies ( ,orig9al ,designs1 9 "o vol41 octavo1 is also 9 prep>ation4 ,mr4 ,putnam has also ! honor to ann\nce t he w publi% at int]vals 79 connexion1 & uni=m ) ! o!r collect$ writ+s71 ,mr4 ,irv+'s ,new ,works1 n[ ne>ly ready = ! press3 includ+ ,! ,life ( ,mohamm$2 ,! ,life ( ,wa%+ton2 new volumes ( ,miscellanies1 ,biographies1 c4 ,?is be+ ! fir/ uni=m & complete edition ( ,mr4 ,irv+'s works1 ei!r 9 ?is c\ntry or 9 ,europe1 ! publi%] confid5tly believes t ! und]tak+ w meet ) a prompt & cordial response4 ,to say ?is1 is p]haps sup]flu\s & imp]t95t2 = x is a truism t no ,am]ican book-case 7n to say libr>y7 c be well fill$ )\t ! works ( ,wa%+ton ,irv+2 :ile ! ,engli% language itself comprises no pur] models ( composition4 ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam has also made arrangem5ts = ! e>ly comm5cem5t ( new works or new editions ( ! works ( ,miss ,c4 ,m4 ,s$gwick1 ,pr(4 ,a4 ,gray1 ,leigh ,hunt1 ,*as4 ,f5no ,h(fman1 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,oakes ,smi?1 ,?omas ,c>lyle1 ,george ,h4 ,calv]t1 ,mrs4 ,c4 ,m4 ,kirkl&1 ,r4 ,monckton ,milnes1 ,j4 ,bay>d ,taylor1 ,m>y ,h[itt1 ,mrs4 ,jameson1 ,s4 ,wells ,williams1 ,w4 ,m4 ,?ack]ay1 ,*>les ,lamb1 ,a4 ,j4 ,d[n+1 ,?os4 ,hood1 ,elliot ,w>burton4 ,! foll[+ new works are n[ ready1 or w be publi%$ ?is season3 ,i4 ,sophisms ( ! ,protective ,policy4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* ( ,f4 ,ba/iat4 ,) an introduction by ,francis ,lieb]1 ,,ll4,d4 ,pr(essor 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,college1 ,editor ( ! ,encyclop$ia ,am]icana1 c4 #abmo4 #ge c5ts4 8,x is a book n = ! million b = millions1 & we believe if a copy c\ld be put into ! h&s ( e s*ool-boy 9 ! ,union1 ! next g5]ation w\ld be inconceivably wis]1 ri*]1 & happi] ?an ! pres5t40--,mirror4 ,,ii4 ,grecian & ,roman ,my?ology3 ,) orig9al illu/rations4 ,adapt$ = ! use ( ,univ]sities & ,high ,s*ools1 & = popul> read+4 ,by ,m4 ,a4 ,dwight4 ,) an introduction by ,tayl] ,lewis1 ,pr(essor ( ,greek1 ,univ]sity ( ,new ,york4 #abmo4 7,on #a/ ,septemb]47 ,also a f9e edition 9 octavo1 ) illu/rations4 ,?is "w has be5 prep>$ ) great c>e1 illu/rat$ ) #bj effective outl9e draw+s1 & is design$ to treat ! subject 9 an orig9al1 compreh5sive1 & unexceptionable mann]1 s z to fill ! place z a text book :i* is yet unsuppli$2 :ile x w also be an attractive & readable table book = g5]al use4 ,x w be at once introduc$ z a text book 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,new ,york & o!r colleges & s*ools4 ,,iii4 ,eureka3 a ,prose ,poem4 ,or ! ,physical & ,metaphysical ,univ]se4 ,by ,edg> ,a4 ,poe1 ,esq4 ,h&somely pr9t$1 #abmo4 ,clo?1 #ge c5ts4 8,a mo/ extraord9>y ,essay4 ,we %all be greatly surpris$ if ?is "w does n create a mo/ pr(\nd s5sation among ! lit]>y & sci5tific classes40--,new ,york ,express4 ,,iv4 ,ori5tal ,life ,illu/rat$4 ,be+ a new edition ( ,e!n1 or ,traces ( ,travel 9 ! ,ea/4 ,) f9e illu/rations on ,/eel4 #abmo4 elegantly b\nd1 #a #ej4 ,?is new & unique volume1 sup]bly illum9at$ by ,mapleson1 & compris+ orig9al articles by di/+ui%$ writ]s1 w be ! mo/ elegant & re*]* book ( ! k9d ev] produc$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x w be ready 9 ,octob]4 ,a new & sup]ior edition ( ! ,,pe>ls ,,( ,,am]ican ,,poetry w also be publi%$ ?is season4 ,v4 ,! ,book ( ,da9ty ,devices4 ,9 an elegant small folio volume4 ,lays ( ! ,we/]n ,_w4 ,,vi4 ,dr4 ,klip/e9's ,anglo-,saxon ,c\rse ( ,/udy4 ,9 uni=m #abmo4 volumes4 ,i4 ,a ,gramm> ( ! ,anglo-,saxon ,language4 ,by ,l\is ,f4 ,klip/e91 ,,aa4,,ll4,m4 & ,,ph4,d41 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,giess54 ,?is "w recomm5ds itself p>ticul>ly to ! att5tion ( e ,am]ican /ud5t :o 8glories 9 8 ,anglo-,saxon desc5t0 or ,teutonic l9eage1 z well z ( all :o desire an acqua9tance ) a language :i* lies z ! f\ndation ( ! ,engli%1 & ?r[s a light ^u its elem5ts & /ructure1 d]ivable f no o!r s\rce4 ,( ! importance & int]e/+ nature ( ! /udy !re c be no d\bt1 & we agree ) ^? :o ?9k t ! "t is com+ :5 x w be consid]$ 8utt]ly disgraceful = any well-br$ ,engli%man or ,am]ican0 to h neglect$ x4 ,) reg>d to ! m]its ( ,dr4 ,klip/e9's ,gramm>1 we w only say1 t x has be5 already adopt$ z a text-book 9 "s ( ! lead+ ,in/itutions ( our c\ntry4 ,! foll[+ are also 9 press4 ,,ii4 ,analecta ,anglo-,saxonica1 ) an ,introductory ,e?nographical ,essay1 ,copi\s ,notes1 ,critical & ,explanatory1 & a ,gloss>y 9 :i* are %[n ! ,indo-,g]manic & o!r ,aff9ities ( ! ,language4 ,by ! same4 ,9 ?is "w appe> ! fruits ( consid]able rese>*1 &1 we may add1 le>n+4 ,! ,e?nology ( ,europe is succ9ctly1 b cle>ly illu/rat$1 ! ,anglo-,saxon language completely analys$1 reveal+ ! utmo/ h>mony ( comb9ation f its elem5ts1 its =ms & roots comp>$ ) ^? 9 k9dr$ dialects & cognate tongues1 its position 9 ! ,teutonic family & ,indo-,g]manic range e/abli%$1 & ! g5u9e relation ( ! ,engli% to its great p>5t prop]ly set =?4 ,to ^? :o are fond ( ! comp>ative /udy ( language1 ! ,gloss>y w prove an invaluable aid1 ap>t f its p>ticul> object4 ,,iii4 ,natale ,sancti ,gregorii ,pap4--lfric's ,homily on ! ,bir?-day ( ,/4 ,gregory1 & ,collat]al ,extracts f ,k+ ,alfr$'s v]sion ( ,b$e's ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory & ! ,saxon ,*ronicle1 ) a full r5d]+ into ,engli%1 ,notes ,critical & ,explanatory1 & an ,index ( ,words4 ,by ! same4 ,,iv4 ,extracts f ! ,anglo-,saxon-,gospels1 a ,portion ( ! ,anglo-,saxon ,p>aphrase ( ! ,book ( ,psalms1 & o!r ,selections ( a ,sacr$ ,ord] 9 ! same ,language1 ) a ,translation into ,engli%1 & ,notes ,critical & ,explanatory4 ,by ! same4 ,^! two works are prep>$ 9 su* a way z 9 !mselves1 ) ! aid ( ! ,gramm>1 to af=d e facility to ! ,anglo-,saxon ,/ud5t4 lfric's ,homily is rem>kable = beauty ( composition1 & int]e/+ z sett+ =? ,augu/9e's ,mission to ! 8,l& ( ! ,angles40 ,v4 ,?a ,halgan ,godspel on ,englisc--! ,anglo-,saxon ,v]sion ( ! ,holy ,gospels4 ,edit$ by ,b5jam9 ,?orpe1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,repr9t$ by ! same4 ,n[ ready4 ,?is1 ! e>lie/ 8,engli%0 v]sion ( ! ,f\r ,gospels1 w be f\nd int]e/+ to ! antiqu>ian & !ologian1 z well z s]viceable to ! /ud5t 9 8 inve/igations ( ! language4 ,! ,text1 besides ! usual b unbrok5 division1 appe>s1 ) ! ,rubrics1 z read 9 ! e>ly ,anglican ,*ur*4 ,ne>ly ,ready4 ,dr4 ,boswor?'s ,comp5di\s ,anglo-,saxon ,diction>y4 ,small #hvo4 ,,vii4 ,/udy ( ,mod]n ,languages4 ,"p ,fir/2 ,fr5*1 ,italian1 ,spani%1 ,portuguese1 ,g]man1 & ,engli%4 ,by ,l4 ,f4 ,klip/e91 ,,aa4,,ll4,m4 & ,ph4,d4 ,"o ,vol4 ,imp]ial #hvo4 #ge c5ts pap]2 #a #jj clo?4 ,?is "w1 :i* is int5d$ equally = ! simultane\s & ! sep>ate /udy ( ! languages t x sets =?1 & :i* is adapt$ z well = ! native ( ,g]many1 ,france1 ,italy1 ,spa91 or ,portugal1 z = him to :om ,engli% is v]nacul>1 9 ! acquirem5t ( any "o ( ! o!r tongues besides 8 own1 w be f\nd an acceptable manual n only to ! tyro1 b to ! m advanc$ s*ol>4 ,! read+ portion ( ! matt] is int]e/+1 & ! text 9 e case rem>kably correct1 :ile ! ,elem5t>y ,phrases1 =ms ( ,c>ds1 ,lett]s1 ,bills ( ,ex*ange1 ,promissory ,notes1 ,receipts1 c41 9 ! six languages1 con/itute :at has long be5 a desid]atum f ! ,am]ican press4 ,= ! comp>ative /udy ( ! ,romanic tongues ! "w af=ds unusual facilities4 ,,viii4 ,p$e/rian ,t\r 9 ,europe4 ,views a-,foot2 or ,europe se5 ) ,knapsack & ,/aff4 ,by ,j4 ,bay>d ,taylor4 ,a new edition ) an additional *apt]1 & a sket* ( ! au?or 9 p$e/rian co/ume1 f a draw+ by ,t4 ,bu*anan ,read4 #abmo4 ,clo?4 ,,ix4 ,a ,new ,edition ( ,cl>ke's ,%akspe>e ,concordance4 ,a ,complete ,concordance to ,%akspe>e3 be+ a ,v]bal ,index to ,,all ! ,,passages 9 ! ,dramatic ,works ( ! ,poet4 ,by ,mrs4 ,c[d5 ,cl>ke4 8,ord] gave ea* ?+ view40 ,"o l>ge ,vol4 compris+ #befj closely pr9t$ columns1--7indicat+ e ^w & passage 9 ,%akspe>e's ,works74 ,price #f4 ,clo?4 8,! result ( sixte5 ye>s ( untir+ labor4 ,! diff]5t editions ( ,%akspe>e h be5 c>efully collat$ by ! compil]1 & e possible means tak5 to insure ! correctness ( ! "w4 ,z x n[ /&s1 a p]son c f9d a p>ticul> passage 9 ,%akspe>e by simply rememb]+ "o ^w ( x1 & is also ref]r$ to ! act & sc5e ( ! play 9 :i* x occurs4 ,z a m]e diction>y ( ,%akspe>ian language & phrases1 x is ( great value2 b x is also a diction>y ( 8 ?\ghts & imag9ations4 ,x altoge!r sup]s$es ! volumes ( ,twiss & ,aysc\gh1 & %\ld be on e /ud5t's %elves0--,bo/on ,c\ri]4 ,?is extraord9>y "w is pr9t$ 9 ,london & ! price !re at pres5t is #b4 #es4 #j;d4 or ab\t #ab4 ,a l>ge "p ( ! edition hav+ be5 pur*as$ = ?is m>ket1 x is furni%$ "h = ! v l[ price ( #f1 b\nd 9 clo?4 ,also--,by same ,au?or4 ,! ,book ( ,%akspe>e ,prov]bs4 #ahmo4 #ge cts4 ,dr4 ,lieb]'s ,poetical ,address to ! ,am]ican ,republic4 #afmo4 #be c5ts4 ,! ,we/3 ,a ,metrical ,epi/le4 ,,by ,,francis ,,lieb]4 ,dr4 ,lieb]1 ! di/+ui%$ ,pr(essor ( ,political ,economy 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,college1 ,au?or ( 8,political ,e?ics10 c41 has j sail$ = 8 native c\ntry--,g]many--) ! view ( aid+ 9 ! great cause ( ,con/itutional & ,rational ,fre$om4 ,?is little volume proves t he has well /udi$ t subject dur+ 8 long resid5ce 9 ?is 8 adopt$ c\ntry--& 8 able & valuable op9ions on ,am]ican ,society & ,progress1 c>ry ) !m a peculi> int]e/ at ?is "t4 ,,rec5t ,,publications4 ,alex&]4--,comm5t>y on ! ,e>li] ,prophecies ( ,isaiah4 ,by ,pr(4 ,j4 ,a4 ,alex&]4 ,royal #hvo4 clo?1 #c4 ,alex&]4--,comm5t>y on ! ,lat] ,prophecies ( ,isaiah4 ,by ,pr(4 ,j4 ,a4 ,alex&]4 ,royal #hvo4 clo?1 #b #ej4 ,anci5t ,moral ,tales1 f ! ,ge/a ,romanorum1 c4 #a vol4 #abmo4 gre5 clo?4 8,a quiet humor1 a qua9tness & t]s5ess ( /yle1 w /rongly recomm5d !m40--,engli% ,*ur*man4 ,ar*itecture4--,h9ts on ,public ,ar*itecture2 issu$ "u ! ,direction ( ! 8,smi?sonian ,in/itution40 ,imp]ial #dto4 ) ,illu/rations4 7,9 prep>ation47 ,?is "w w conta9 num]\s & valuable illu/rations1 includ+ two p]spective views ( ! build+s ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution4 ,! ,app5dix w conta9 ! results ( a rese>* "u ! auspices ( ! ,in/itution to te/ ! prop]ties ( ! mo/ important build+ mat]ials ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,ba/iat4--,sophisms ( ! ,protective ,policy4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* ( ,f4 ,ba/iat4 ,) an ,introduction1 by ,francis ,lieb]1 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,college1 ,editor ( ! ,encyclopdia ,am]icana1 c41 c4 #abmo4 #ge cts4 ,biblio!ca ,sacra & ,!ological ,review4 ,conduct$ by ,b4 ,b4 ,edw>ds & ,e4 ,a4 ,p>k1 ,pr(essors at ,&ov]1 ) ! ,special ,aid ( ,dr4 ,rob9son & ,pr(essor ,/u>t4 ,publi%$ qu>t]ly 9 ,febru>y1 ,may1 ,augu/1 & ,novemb] #d p] annum4 ,vols4 #a1 #b1 #c1 & #d1 #hvo4 clo?1 ea* #d4 8,?is is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ ambiti\s j\rnal 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,we use ! ^w 9 a good s5se1 z mean+ t !re is no j\rnal among u :i* seems m laudably desir\s to take ! lead 9 lit]>y & !ological sci5ce4 ,its h&some type & pap] give x a pleas+ ext]ior2 its typographical errors1 ?\gh suffici5tly num]\s1 are s comp>atively few1 z to %[ t x has ! advantage ( ! be/ ,am]ican pro(-read+2 :ile = ?or\ghness ( execution 9 ! dep>tm5ts ( hi/ory & criticism1 x aims to be pre-em95t40--,n4 ,y4 ,*ur*man4 ,burton4--,! ,anatomy ( ,melan*oly4 ,by ,burton4 ,new & beautiful edition1 ) ,engrav+s4 #a vol4 royal #hvo4 clo?1 #b #ej4 ,?is is "o ( ^? /]l+ old works :i* 7 writt5 = 8all "t10 full ( le>n+1 humor1 & qua9t conceits4 ,no libr>y c be complete )\t x4 ,calv]t4--,sc5es & ,?\ghts 9 ,europe4 ,by an ,am]ican4 #a vol4 #abmo4 gre5 clo?1 #ej c5ts4 8,8 descriptions ( sc5]y1 8 rem>ks on art1 8 acc\nts ( ! diff]5t p among :om he soj\rn$1 are all good40--,c9c9nati ,gazette4 ,c>lyle4--,! ,fr5* ,revolution3 a ,hi/ory4 ,by ,?omas ,c>lyle4 #b vols4 #abmo4 gre5 clo?1 #b4 8,8 ,fr5* ,revolution is consid]$ "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable works ( ! age--z at once ! poetry & philosophy ( hi/ory40--,hunt's ,m]*ants' ,mag4 ,c>lyle4--,lett]s & ,spee*es ( ,oliv] ,cromwell4 ,by ,?os4 ,c>lyle4 #b vols4 #abmo4 gre5 clo?1 #b #ej4 8,a "w m valuable z a guide to ! /udy ( ! s+ul> & complex "* ( our pi\s revolutioni/1 our religi\s demagogue1 our prea*+ & pray+ w>rior1 has n be5 produc$40--,blackwood's ,magaz9e4 ,c>lyle4--,pa/ & ,pres5t3 ,*>tism4 ,by ,?omas ,c>lyle4 #a vol4 #abmo4 gre5 clo?1 #a 8,to say t ! book is replete ) in/ruction1 ?\ght1 & qua9t fancy1 is unnecess>y3 b we may m5tion x z "o1 p> excell5ce1 :i* %\ld be read at ! pres5t juncture40-,tribune4 ,*auc] & ,sp5s]4--,selections f ! ,poetical ,works ( ,ge(frey ,*auc]4 ,by ,*>les ,d4 ,de%l]4 ,sp5s]1 & ! ,fa]y ,que54 ,by ,mrs4 ,c4 ,m4 ,kirkl&4 #a vol4 #abmo4 #a #ac4 ---- ,! same1 extra gilt1 #a #ej4 8,a portion ( _! writ+s are pres5t$ 9 a beautiful & conv5i5t =m1 & ) ! requisite notes & modifications40--,home ,j\rnal4 ,coe4--,/udies 9 ,draw+1 9 a ,progressive ,s]ies ( ,lessons on ,c>ds2 beg9n+ ) ! mo/ ,elem5t>y ,/udies1 & ,adapt$ = ,use at ,home & ,s*ools4 ,by ,b5jam9 ,h4 ,coe1 ,tea*] ( ,draw+4 ,9 ,t5 ,s]ies--m>k$ #a & #aj--;ea* conta9+ ab\t eighte5 ,/udies4 #be c5ts ea*4 ,! design is3 ,i4--,to make ! ex]cises 9 draw+ highly int]e/+ to ! pupil4 ,,ii4--,to make draw+s s simple1 & s gradually progressive1 z to enable any tea*]1 :e!r acqua9t$ ) draw+ or n1 to in/ruct 8 pupils to advantage4 ,,iii4--,to take ! place ( "o-half ( ! writ+ lessons1 ) confid5ce t ! le>n] w acquire a k ( writ+ 9 less ?an "t is usually requir$4 ,,iv4--,to give ! pupils a bold1 rapid1 & arti/-l /yle ( draw+4 ,col]idge4--,biographia ,lit]>ia2 or1 ,biographical ,sket*es ( my ,lit]>y ,life & ,op9ions4 ,by ,samuel ,taylor ,col]idge4 ,f ! #b;d ,london edition1 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,n4 ,col]idge4 #b vols4 #abmo4 gre5 clo?1 #b4 ,cortez4--,lett]s & ,despat*es ( ,h]n&o ,cortez4 ,translat$ by ,hon4 ,george ,folsom4 #a vol4 #hvo4 #a #be4 ,dana4--,a ,sy/em ( ,m9]alogy1 compris+ ! mo/ ,rec5t ,discov]ies4 ,by ,james ,d4 ,dana4 ,woodcuts & copp]plates1 #hvo4 clo?1 #c #ej4 ,d[n+4--,cottage ,resid5ces2 or1 a ,s]ies ( ,designs = ,rural ,cottages & ,cottage ,villas1 & _! ,g>d5s & ,gr\nds2 adapt$ to ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,by ,a4 ,j4 ,d[n+4 ,num]\s plates1 #c;d edition1 #hvo4 clo?1 #b4 ,d[n+4--,a ,treatise on ! ,!ory & ,practice ( ,l&scape ,g>d5+ adapt$ to ,nor? ,am]ica2 ) ,rem>ks on ,rural ,ar*itecture4 ,by ,a4 ,j4 ,d[n+4 ,plates1 #b;d edition1 ?ick #hvo4 clo?1 #c #ej4 ,d[n+4--,! ,fruits & ,fruit ,trees ( ,am]ica2 or1 ! ,culture1 ,propagation1 & ,managem5t1 9 ! ,g>d5 & ,or*>d1 ( ,fruit ,trees g5]ally4 ,by ,a4 ,j4 ,d[n+4 ,plates1 #i? edition1 revis$1 #abmo4 clo?1 #a #ej4 ---- ,! same1 #hvo4 clo?1 #b #ej4 ---- ,! same1 ) #hj sup]b ,illu/rations1 drawn & beautifully color$ by ,p>is ,arti/s1 royal #hvo4 half morocco1 top edge gilt4 ,new edition %ortly4 ,dwight4--,grecian & ,roman ,my?ology2 ) orig9al ,illu/rations4 ,adapt$ = ! ,use ( ,univ]sities & ,high ,s*ools1 & = ,popul> ,read+4 ,by ,m4 ,a4 ,dwight4 ,) an ,introduction by ,tayl] ,lewis1 ,pr(essor ( ,greek1 ,univ]sity ( ,new ,york4 #abmo4 ,9 ,septemb]4 ---- ,also a f9e edition 9 octavo1 ) ,illu/rations4 ,?is "w has be5 prep>$ ) great c>e1 illu/rat$ ) tw5ty effective outl9e draw+s1 & is design$ to treat ! subject 9 an orig9al1 compreh5sive1 & unexceptionable mann]1 s z to fill ! place z a text-book :i* is yet unsuppli$2 :ile x w also be an attractive & readable table-book = g5]al use4 ,x w be at once introduc$ z a text-book 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,new ,york1 & o!r colleges & s*ools4 ,=d4--,! ,spani>ds & _! ,c\ntry4 ,by ,ri*>d ,=d4 #a vol4 #abmo4 gre5 clo?1 #hg c5ts4 8,! be/ description ( national "* & mann]s ( ,spa9 t has ev] appe>$40--,qu>t]ly ,review4 8,! volumes appe> to treat ( almo/ ev]y?+ save ! grav] que/ions ( religion & politics1 :i* may possibly be tak5 up h]eaft]4 ,9 "o respect x has ! advantage ov] m directly hi/orical works--x portrays ! ,spani% "*1 z well z c\ntry1 ) fidelity40--,comm]cial ,adv]tis]4 ,f\qu4--,und9e1 a ,tale2 & ,s9tram & 8 ,companions1 a ,tale4 ,f ! ,g]man ( ,la ,motte ,f\qu4 #a vol4 #abmo4 gre5 clo?4 #ej cts4 8,! /yle & execution ( ?is delightful romance are v graceful40--,hawk9s's ,g]many4 8,f\qu's romances ,i always recomm5d--especially ! wild1 graceful1 & t\*+ ,und9e40--,s>ah ,au/94 ,fr5*4--,hi/orical ,collections ( ,l\isiana4 ,by ,b4 ,f4 ,fr5*4 #hvo4 clo?1 #a #ej4 ,goldsmi?4--,! ,vic> ( ,wakefield4 ,by ,oliv] ,goldsmi?4 #a vol4 #abmo4 neatly pr9t$1 clo?1 #ej c5ts4 ---- ,! same1 ) ,illu/rat$ ,designs by ,mulready1 elegantly b\nd1 gilt edges1 #a4 ,gray4--,botanical ,text-,book4 ,by ,pr(4 ,asa ,gray4 ,_m hundr$ cuts1 #b;d edition1 l>ge #abmo4 clo?1 #a #ge4 ,gre54--,a ,treatise on ,diseases ( ! ,air ,passages2 compris+ an ,inquiry into ! ,hi/ory1 ,pa?ology1 ,causes1 & ,treatm5t ( ^? ,affections ( ! ,?roat call$ ,bron*itis1 c4 ,by ,horace ,gre51 ,m4,d4 ,color$ plates1 #hvo4 clo?4 #b #ej4 8,a new & em95tly successful treatm5t ( lung compla9ts40 ,hackley4--,elem5ts ( ,trigonometry1 ,plane & ,sph]ical4 ,by ,rev4 ,c4 ,w4 ,hackley1 ,pr(essor ( ,ma!matics1 ,columbia ,college1 ,new ,york4 #hvo4 clo?1 #a #be4 ,hamilton ,pap]s4--,! ,(ficial ,pap]s ( ! late ,major-,g5]al ,alex&] ,hamilton4 ,compil$ f ! ,orig9als 9 ! ,possession ( ,mrs4 ,hamilton4 #a vol4 #hvo4 clo?1 #b #ej4 ,hahn's ,hebrew ,bible4--,new & complete /]eotype edition1 be+ a fac-simile ( ! ,leipsic edition4 ,9 #a vol4 #hvo4 ,9 press4 ,hazlitt's 7,william7 ,miscellane\s ,works4 #d vols4 #abmo4 clo?1 #e4 ,hazlitt's ,life ( ,napoleon4 #c vols4 #abmo4 clo?4 ---- ,_s ( ! ,age4 #abmo41 #ej c5ts4 ---- ,table ,talk1 bo? s]ies1 9 #b vols4 clo?1 #b #be4 ---- ,*>act]s ( ,%akspe>e1 #abmo4 #ej cts4 ---- ,lit]ature ( ! ,age ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 #abmo4 #ej cts4 ---- ,engli% ,comic ,writ]s1 #ej cts4 ---- ,lectures on ,engli% ,poets1 #ej cts4 ,head4--,bubbles f ! ,brunn54 ,by ,sir ,francis ,head4 #abmo4 gre5 clo?4 8,at once an in/ructive & amus+ book4 ,x conta9s a great deal ( in=mation40--,london ,times4 ,h]vey4--,! ,book ( ,*ri/mas2 descriptive ( ! ,cu/oms1 ,c]emonies1 ,traditions1 ,sup]/itions1 ,fun1 ,feel+1 & ,fe/ivities ( ! ,*ri/mas ,season4 ,by ,?omas ,k4 ,h]vey4 #abmo4 gre5 clo?1 #fc c5ts4 ---- ,! same1 gilt extra4 #a4 8,e leaf ( ?is book af=ds a fea/ wor?y ( ! season40--,dr4 ,hawks's ,*ur* ,record4 ,hood4--,prose & ,v]se4 ,by ,?omas ,hood4 #abmo4 gre5 clo?4 #hg c5ts4 ---- ,! same1 gilt extra1 #a #be4 8,a v judici\s selection1 design$ to embrace ,hood's m e>ne/ writ+s1 ^? :i* 7 writt5 mo/ directly f ! he>t1 :i* reflect mo/ fai?fully 8 life & op9ions40--,broadway ,j\rnal4 ,h[itt4--,ballads & o!r ,poems4 ,by ,m>y ,h[itt4 #a vol4 #abmo4 gre5 clo?1 #fc c5ts4 ---- ,! same1 ) f9e ,portrait1 gilt extra1 #a #be4 8,h] poems are always graceful & beautiful40--,mrs4 ,s4 ,c4 ,hall4 8,we _c comm5d too highly ! pres5t publication1 & only hope t ! read+ public w reli% #8,m>y ,h[itt's ,ballads & o!r ,poems1' n[ = ! fir/ "t put =? 9 a collect$ =m40--,albion4 ,hunt4--,imag9ation & ,fancy4 ,by ,leigh ,hunt4 #a vol4 #abmo4 gre5 clo?1 #fb c5ts4 ---- ,! same1 gilt extra1 #a4 ,hunt4--,/ories f ! ,italian ,poets3 be+ a ,summ>y 9 ,prose ( ! ,poems ( ,dante1 ,pulci1 ,boi>do1 ,ari/o1 & ,tasso2 ) ,comm5ts ?r\gh\t1 occasional passages ,v]sifi$1 & ,critical ,notices ( ! ,lives & ,g5ius ( ! ,au?ors4 ,by ,leigh ,hunt4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a #be4 ---- ,! same1 fancy gilt4 #a #ge4 8,mr4 ,hunt's book has be5 aptly /yl$1 a s]ies ( exquisite engrav+s ( ! magnific5t pictures pa9t$ by ^! great ,italian ma/]s40--,j\rnal ( ,comm]ce4 ,irv+4--,works ( ,wa%+ton ,irv+2 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$ by ! ,au?or4 ,9 twelve elegant duodecimo volumes1 beautifully pr9t$ ) new type1 & on sup]ior pap]1 made expressly = ! purpose1 & b\nd 9 clo?4 ,z foll[s3-- ,! ,sket*-,book1 9 "o volume4 ,knick]bock]'s ,new ,york1 9 "o volume4 ,tales ( a ,travell]1 9 "o vol4 ,bracebridge ,hall1 9 "o volume4 ,! ,conque/ ( ,gr5ada1 9 "o volume4 ,! ,alhambra1 9 "o volume4 ,a/oria1 9 "o volume4 ,! ,crayon ,miscellany1 9 "o volume4 ,abbots=d1 ,new/ead1 ,! ,prairies1 c4 ,! ,spani% ,leg5ds1 9 "o vol4 ,! ,life & ,voyages ( ,columbus1 & ,! ,companions ( ,columbus1 9 two volumes4 ,adv5tures ( ,capt4 ,bonneville1 9 "o volume4 7,n[ publi%+47 ,irv+4--,! ,sket*-,book4 ,by ,wa%+ton ,irv+4 ,complete 9 "o volume1 #abmo4 clo?4 ,9 ,septemb]4 ,irv+4--,! ,illu/rat$ ,sket*-,book4 ,by ,wa%+ton ,irv+4 ,9 ,octob] w be publi%$1 ,,! ,,sket*-,,book1 by ,wa%+ton ,irv+1 "o vol4 squ>e octavo1 ,illu/rat$ ) a s]ies ( highly-f9i%$ ,engrav+s on ,wood1 f ,designs by ,,d>ley & o!rs1 engrav$ 9 ! be/ /yle by ,,*ilds1 ,,h]rick1 c4 ,?is edition w be pr9t$ on pap] ( ! f9e/ quality1 simil> 9 size & /yle to ! new edition ( 8,halleck's ,poems40 ,x is int5d$ t ! illu/rations %all be sup]ior to any engrav+s on wood yet produc$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 & t ! me*anical execution ( ! volume1 altoge!r1 %all be wor?y ( ! au?or's reputation4 ,x w =m an elegant & appropriate gift-book = all seasons4 ,irv+4--,knick]bock]'s ,hi/ory ( ,new ,york4 ,by ,wa%+ton ,irv+4 ,) ,revisions & copi\s ,additions4 ,w be publi%$ on ! #a/ ( ,octob]4 ,irv+4--,! ,illu/rat$ ,knick]bock]2 ) a s]ies ( orig9al ,designs1 9 "o volume1 octavo1 uni=m ) ! 8,sket*-,book10 is also 9 prep>ation4 ,irv+4--,! ,life & ,voyages ( ,columbus4 ,by ,wa%+ton ,irv+4 ,vol4 ,i4 on ! #a/ ( ,novemb]4 ,! succe$+ volumes w be issu$ on ! fir/ day ( ea* mon? until complet$4 ,keats4--,! ,poetical ,works ( ,john ,keats4 #a vol4 #abmo4 clo?4 ---- ,! same1 gilt extra4 8,!y are flu%$ all ov] ) ! ri* lights ( fancy2 & s color$ & be/rewn ) ! fl[]s ( poetry t1 ev5 :ile p]plex$ & bewild]$ 9 _! labyr9?s1 x is impossible to resi/ ! intoxication ( _! sweetness1 or to %ut our he>ts to ! en*antm5t !y s lavi%+ly pres5t40--,francis ,jeffrey4 ,k+lake4--,e!n2 or1 ,traces ( ,travel br\ght f ! ,ea/4 #abmo4 gre5 clo?4 #ej cts4 8,e!n is a book ) :i* ev]ybody1 fond ( eloqu5t prose & racy description1 %\ld be well acqua9t$40--,u4 ,s4 ,gazette4 ,klip/e9's ,anglo-,saxon ,c\rse ( ,/udy4 ,9 uni=m #abmo4 volumes1 z foll[s3 ,i4 ,klip/e94--,a ,gramm> ( ! ,anglo-,saxon ,language4 ,by ,l\is ,f4 ,klip/e91 ,,aa4,,ll4,m4 & ,,ph4,d41 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,giess54 #abmo4 clo?1 #a #be4 ,,ii4 ,klip/e94--,analecta ,anglo-,saxonica1 ) an ,introductory ,e?nographical ,essay1 ,copi\s ,notes1 ,critical & ,explanatory1 & a ,gloss>y 9 :i* are %[n ! ,indo-,g]manic & o!r ,aff9ities ( ! ,language4 ,by ,l\is ,f4 ,klip/e91 ,,aa4,,ll4,m4 & ,,ph4,d41 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,giess54 ,,iii4 ,klip/e94--,natale ,sancti ,gregorii ,pap4--lfric's ,homily on ! ,bir?-day ( ,/4 ,gregory1 & ,collat]al ,extracts f ,k+ ,alfr$'s ,v]sion ( ,b$e's ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory & ! ,saxon ,*ronicle1 ) a full ,r5d]+ into ,engli%1 ,notes ,critical & ,explanatory1 & an ,index ( ,words4 ,by ,l\is ,f4 ,klip/e91 ,,aa4,,ll4,m4 & ,,ph4,d41 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,giess54 ,,iv4 ,klip/e94--,extracts f ! ,anglo-,saxon ,gospels1 a ,portion ( ! ,anglo-,saxon ,p>aphrase ( ! ,book ( ,psalms1 & o!r ,selections ( a ,sacr$ ,ord] 9 ! same ,language1 ) a ,translation into ,engli%1 & ,notes ,critical & ,explanatory4 ,by ,l\is ,f4 ,klip/e91 ,,aa4,,ll4,m4 & ,,ph4,d41 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,giess54 ,v4 ,klip/e94--,?a ,halgan ,godspel on ,englisc--! ,anglo-,saxon ,v]sion ( ! ,holy ,gospels4 ,edit$ by ,b5jam9 ,?orpe1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,repr9t$ by ! same4 ,n[ ready4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a #be4 ,klip/e94--,/udy ( ,mod]n ,languages4--,"p ,fir/2 ,fr5*1 ,italian1 ,spani%1 ,portuguese1 ,g]man1 & ,engli%4 ,by ,l4 ,f4 ,klip/e91 ,,aa4,,ll4,m4 & ,,ph4,d4 ,"o vol4 ,imp]ial #hvo4 ,clo?1 #a2 pap] #ge c5ts4 ,lamb4--,essays ( ,elia4 ,by ,*>les ,lamb4 #a vol4 #abmo41 clo?4 #a4 ---- ,! same1 gilt extra1 #a #be4 8,%akspe>e himself might h read !m1 & ,hamlet h quot$ !m3 = truly 0 our excell5t fri5d ( ! g5u9e l9e ( ,yorick40--,leigh ,hunt's ,london ,j\rnal4 ,lamb4--,specim5s ( ! ,engli% ,dramatic ,poets4 ,by ,*>les ,lamb4 #a vol4 #abmo41 gre5 clo?1 #a #ac4 ---- ,! same1 gilt extra1 #a #ej4 8,n[h]e are ! res\rces ( ! ,engli% tongue 9 p[]1 9 sweetness1 t]ror1 pa?os2 9 description & dialogue1 s well display$40--,broadway ,j\rnal4 ,mahan4--,on ,advanc$ ,gu>ds1 ,outpo/s1 & ,milit>y ,duty4 ,by ,d4 ,h4 ,mahan1 ,m4,a4 #ahmo4 clo?1 #ge c5ts ,mahan's ,c\rse ( ,civil ,eng9e]+4 ,?ird edition1 #hvo4 ,illu/rat$4 #c #ej4 ,milton4--,! ,prose ,works ( ,john ,milton4 ,edit$ by ,rev4 ,rufus ,wilmott ,griswold4 #b vols4 #hvo41 clo?1 #d4 ,mod]n ,pa9t]s4 ,by a ,graduate ( ,ox=d4 #abmo4 clo?1 #a #be4 ---- ,! same4 ,second vol4 #abmo4 ,montagu4--,selections f ! ,works ( ,taylor1 ,latim]1 ,hall1 ,milton1 ,b>r[1 ,l[?1 ,br[n1 ,full]1 & ,bacon4 ,by ,basil ,montagu4 #a vol4 #abmo41 gre5 clo?1 #ej c5ts2 clo? gilt1 #a4 8,?is volume conta9s *oice extracts f "s ( ! noble/ ( ! old ,engli% writ]s40--,c9c9nati ,atlas4 ,nordheim]4--,a ,critical ,gramm> ( ! ,hebrew ,language4 ,by ,isaac ,nordheim]1 ,phil4 ,doctor4 #hvo4 clo?1 #c #ej4 ,ori5tal ,life ,illu/rat$4 ,be+ a new edition ( ,e!n1 or ,traces ( ,travel 9 ! ,ea/4 ,) f9e ,illu/rations on ,/eel4 ,p>sons4--,! ,rose2 its ,hi/ory1 ,poetry1 & ,culture4 ,by ,s4 ,b4 ,p>sons4 ,) color$ ,plates4 ,royal #hvo4 clo?1 #a #ej4 ,patrick1 ,l[?1 ,arnold1 & ,:itby4--,comm5t>y on ! ,bible1 by ,bi%ops ,patrick1 ,l[?1 ,arnold1 ,:itby1 & ,l[man4 #d vols4 imp]ial #hvo4 clo?1 #af4 ,peacock4--,headlong ,hall & ,nightm>e ,abbey4 #a vol4 #abmo41 gre5 clo?1 #ej c5ts4 8,?is is a witty & amus+ book40--,tribune4 ,poe4--,eureka1 ,a ,prose ,poem3 ,or ! ,physical & ,metaphysical ,univ]se4 ,by ,edg> ,a4 ,poe1 ,esq4 ,h&somely pr9t$4 #abmo4 clo?1 #ge c5ts4 ,pe>ls ( ,am]ican ,poetry4 ,second edition1 sup]bly illum9at$ 9 ! mann] ( ! anci5t missals by ,t4 ,w4 ,gwilt ,mapleson1 ,esq4 ,pr9t$ 9 gold & colors on ,bri/ol bo>d4 ,elegantly & /rongly b\nd 9 full ,morocco1 ,antique /yle4 ,"o volume qu>to1 #ab4 ,( ?is spl5did & co/ly "w1 a small numb] 7 issu$ = ?is season1 b x 0 n ready = actual publication4 ,x is n[ complet$ 9 a sup]ior /yle1 & is ! mo/ spl5did book ( ! "t4 8,on beautiful vellum pap]1 are pr9t$ 9 color$ *>act]s & ) e v>iety ( type1 "s ( ! *oice/ brief poems ( ,am]ican writ]s--,bryant1 ,longfell[1 ,c4 ,f4 ,h(fman1 & o!rs4 ,ea* initial lett] is a picture1 & ea* page is illum9at$ z exquisitely z any ( ! *oice/ ( antique illum9at$ volumes--& all f orig9al designs4 ,! conception ( ^! works ( art1 z !y ri*ly des]ve to be call$1 ! draw+1 pa9t+1 gild+1 are ( ! highe/ ord]4 ,! b9d+ is 9 keep+ ) ! re/--t ( ! old5 day--solid1 ri*1 & ta/eful4 ,altoge!r ?is is a volume ( great attraction = ! r>e beauty ( its adorn+ & ! discrim9ation ( its selections40--,c\ri]4 ,pr9ceton ,!ological ,essays4 ,fir/ ,s]ies4 ,royal #hvo4 clo?1 #b #ej4 ,pr9ceton ,!ological ,essays4 ,second ,s]ies4 ,royal #hvo4 clo?1 #b #ej4 ,/4 ,john4--,! ,?ree ,days ( ,febru>y1 #ahdh3 ) ,portrait ( ,lam>t9e4 #ahmo4 clo?1 #fc cts4 ,tappan4--,elem5t>y ,logic4 ,by ,pr(4 ,h4 ,p4 ,tappan4 #a vol4 #abmo4 clo?4 #a4 ,tasso4--,godfrey ( ,bulloigne2 or1 ! ,recov]y ( ,j]usalem3 done into ,engli% ,h]oical ,v]se4 ,f ! ,italian ( ,tasso1 by ,edw>d ,fairfax4 ,introductory ,essay1 by ,leigh ,hunt1 & ! ,lives ( ,tasso & ,fairfax1 by ,*>les ,knight4 #a vol4 #abmo4 #a #be4 8,! complete/ translation1 & ne>e/ l its orig9al ( any we h se540--,leigh ,hunt4 ,taylor4--,views a-,foot2 or1 ,europe se5 ) ,knapsack & ,/aff4 ,by ,j4 ,bay>d ,taylor4 ,new edition1 ) an additional ,*apt]1 c41 & a ,sket* ( ! ,au?or 9 ,p$e/rian ,co/ume1 f a ,draw+ by ,t4 ,bu*anan ,read4 #abmo4 clo?4 ,ne>ly ready4 #a #be4 8,besides be+ "o ( ! mo/ ent]ta9+ books ( travel we ev] read1 x is writt5 "u circum/ances ( ! mo/ int]e/+2 al?\gh at a fir/ glance1 seem+ly ! mo/ unfavorable40--,bo/on ,atlas4 ,?ack]ay4--,j\rney f ,cornhill to ,cairo4 ,by ,mi*ael ,angelo ,titm>%4 #a vol4 #abmo4 gre5 clo?4 #ej cts4 8,x is wond]ful :at a description ( p & ?+s1 :at num]\s pictures1 :at innum]able rem>ks & allusions x conta9s40--,d\glas ,j]rold's ,mag4 ,torrey & ,gray4--,flora ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,by ,pr(essors ,torrey & ,gray4 #a vol4 #hvo4 clo?1 #f4 ,p>ts #a & #f1 ea* #a #ej2 ,"p #g1 #a4 ,ts*udi4--,travels 9 ,p]u4 ,by ,dr4 ,j4 ,j4 ,von ,ts*udi4 #a vol4 #abmo4 clo?1 #hg c5ts4 8,! book conta9s a great deal ( curi\s in=mation1 & w be f\nd useful z a book ( ref]5ce by all :o are int]e/$ 9 ! comm]ce1 natural hi/ory1 & g5]al /ati/ics ( ,p]u40--,blackwood's ,magaz9e4 ,tupp]4--,prov]bial ,philosophy4 ,by ,m>t9 ,f>quh> ,tupp]4 #abmo4 gre5 clo?4 ---- ,! same1 gilt extra4 ---- ,! same1 morocco extra4 ,walton4--,! ,lives ( ,donne1 ,walton1 ,hook]1 ,h]b]t1 & ,s&]son4 ,by ,izaak ,walton4 ,new edition1 #a vol4 #abmo4 gre5 clo?1 #ge c5ts4 8,! ,lives are ! mo/ delightful k9d ( read+4 ,walton possesses an inimitable simplicity & vivacity ( /yle40--,mrs4 ,c4 ,m4 ,kirkl&4 ,w>burton4--,! ,cresc5t & ! ,cross2 or1 ! ,romance & ,reality ( ,ea/]n ,travel4 ,by ,elliot ,w>burton4 #a vol4 #abmo4 gre5 clo?1 #a4 8,?is delightful "w is1 f fir/ to la/1 a spl5did panorama ( ,ea/]n sc5]y1 9 ! full blaze ( its magnific5ce40--,london ,morn+ ,po/4 ,a valuable ,"w = ,libr>ies4 ,n[ ,ready4 #hvo4 #a 9 pap]1 or #a #be half b\nd4 ,an ,alphabetical ,index to ,subjects treat$ 9 ! ,reviews1 & o!r ,p]iodicals1 to :i* no ,indexes h be5 ,publi%$4 ,?is volume comprises an ,index to all articles 9 #efj volumes ( ! mo/ important p]iodical works4 ,,popul> ,,volumes ,,= ,,pres5tation1 ,elegantly b\nd 9 extra clo?1 gilt edges4 ,*auc] & ,sp5s] #a #ej ,fairfax's ,tasso's ,j]usalem ,deliv]$ #a #ej ,f\qu's ,und9e1 & ,s9tram #a #jj ,goldsmi?'s ,vic> ( ,wakefield1 ) plates #a #jj ,h]vey's ,book ( ,*ri/mas #a #jj ,h[itt's 7,m>y7 ,ballads & ,poems #a #jj ,hood's ,prose & ,v]se #a #be ,hunt's ,imag9ation & ,fancy #a #jj ---- ,italian ,poets #a #ge ,keats's ,poems #a #be ,lamb's ,dramatic ,specim5s #a #ej ,lamb's ,essays ( ,elia #a #be ,,! ,,sybil2 or1 ,new ,oracles f ! ,poets4 ,by ,mrs4 ,gilman4 ,an elegant & attractive book #a #ej ,,illu/rat$ ,,juv5iles4 ,,facts ,,& ,,fancies4 ,by ,miss ,s$gwick4 #afmo4 ) cuts1 clo? 4#ej ,,glimpses ,,( ,,! ,,wond]ful4--,an ent]ta9+ ,acc\nt ( ,curiosities ( ,nature & ,art4 ,fir/1 ,second1 & ,?ird ,s]ies1 ) num]\s f9e ,illu/rations engrav$ 9 ,london4 ,squ>e #afmo4 clo?1 ea* 4#ge ,,home ,,treasury1 ,,!2 ,compris+ new v]sions ( ,c9d]ella1 ,beauty & ! ,bea/1 ,grumble & ,*e]y1 ,! ,eagle's ,v]dict1 ,! ,sleep+ ,beauty4 ,revis$ & illu/rat$4 ,small #dto 4#ej ,,morals ,,& ,,mann]s2 or1 ,h9ts = our ,"y ,p4 ,by ,miss ,s$gwick4 #afmo 4#be ,,"y ,,naturali/',s ,,rambles--?r\gh _m ,l&s1 ) an acc\nt ( ! pr9cipal ,animals & ,birds ( ! ,old & ,new ,cont95ts4 ,clo? 4#ej ,george ,p4 ,putnam 7,,( ,,! ,,late ,,firm ,,( ,,wiley ,,& ,,putnam71 ,has tak5 ! new & commodi\s premises1 #aee ,,broadway1 ,,new ,,york 7,next build+ to t ( ! late ,firm71 ,& cont9ues ! bus9ess ( ,,publi%+1 ,,& ,,! ,,importation ,,( ,,=eign ,,books1 ,,z ,,above1 ,,& ,,at ,,putnam',s ,,am]ican ,,lit]>y ,,ag5cy1 #adb ,/r&1 ,,london ,,e/abli%$ ,,9 #ahch4 99 99 99 99 99 ,arrangem5ts h be5 made to secure at ! ,london ,ag5cy ! s]vices ( an exp]i5c$ & compet5t ,bibliograph]1 s t ! bus9ess ( execut+ ,,special ,,ord]s ,,= ,,! ,,trade ,,& ,,public ,,in/itutions may be ?or\ghly regulat$1 & all p>ties giv+ su* ord]s1 may be fully satisfi$ bo? ) reg>d to exp$ition & economy4 ,! int]e/s ( ,public ,in/itutions1 & ^? ord]+ ,books 9 quantities w receive special att5tion1 :ile x is also int5d$ t any "o ord]+ a s+le volume f ,europe1 may receive x promptly 7if procurable71 )\t disappo9tm5t or unnecess>y exp5se4 ,mr4 ,,putnam believes t 8 twelve ye>s' exp]i5ce abroad 9 pur*as+ ,books = ! ,am]ican m>ket1 w be ( s]vice to ^? :o may favor him ) ord]s4 ,correspond5ce e/abli%$ ) ,,p>is1 ,,rome1 ,,leipsic1 ,,brussels1 & all ! pr9cipal cities on ! ,cont95t4 ,all ,am]ican ,publications on ! be/ t]ms1 by ! quantity or s+ly4 ,n4 ,b4--,,catalogues ( ext5sive collections ( ,=eign & ,am]ican ,books1 on all subjects may be _h on application4