,,! ,,boy',s ,,voice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*ori/] ,,boys4 ,photograph$ by ,mr ,george ,hadley1 ,l9coln4 ,,! ,,boy',s ,,voice ,a ,,book ,,( ,,practical ,,in=mation ,,on ,,! ,,tra9+ ,,( ,,boys' ,,voices ,,= ,,*ur* ,,*oirs1 c4 ,,by ,j4 ,,sp5c] ,,curw5 ,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,academy ( ,music2 ,presid5t ( ! ,tonic ,sol-fa ,college4 ,illu/ration3 ,decoration ,london3 ,j ,,curw5 ,,sons1 #h #i ,,w>wick ,,lane1 ,e4,c4 ,,new ,,york3 ,,*>les ,,scribn] ,,& ,,sons4 ,price ,two ,%ill+s & ,sixp5ce4 #ahia ,,london3 ,j4 ,,curw5 ,,& ,,sons1 ,,music-,,pr9t]s1 ,,plai/[1 ,e4 ,,preface4 ,! value ( ?is little book1 z ! read] w soon discov]1 dep5ds less ^u my own "w ?an ^u ! l>ge numb] ( *oirma/]s ^: exp]i5ce ,i h be5 =tunate en\gh1 directly or indirectly1 to lay "u contribution4 ,! conditions ( ! *oir-tra9]'s "w v>y1 9 an endless way1 accord+ to 8 surr\nd+s & opportunities4 ,& x is j :5 "w becomes difficult t contrivances & h9ts are mo/ fruitfully evolv$4 ,h5ce ,i h giv5 9 great detail ! exp]i5ces ( _m correspond5ts1 & "s ( ! mo/ useful sugge/ions = ord9>y *ur* *oir "w w be f\nd to proce$ f writ]s hold+ no great appo9tm5t1 b seek+ quietly & uno/5tati\sly to produce good results f poor mat]ial4 ,9 view ( a second edition1 ,i %all be pleas$ to receive lett]s f read]s :o h fur!r exp]i5ces to (f]4 ,j4 ,s4 ,c4 ,june1 #ahia4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,pages ,! ,heal?fulness ( ,s++ #a-e ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,managem5t ( ! ,brea? #f-g ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! ,art ( ,manag+ ,*oir ,boys #h-aa ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,voice ,tra9+ #ab-bb ,,*apt] ,v4 ,in=mation on ,voice-,tra9+1 collect$ by ! ,salisbury ,diocesan ,*oral ,association #bc-bf ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,pronunciation 9 ,s++ #bg-bh ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,s++ by ,e> & by ,note #bi-cj ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,flatt5+1 & ,s++ out ( ,tune #ca-ci ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,on ! ,tra9+ ( ,boys' ,voices #dj-dh ,,*apt] ,x4 ,! ,special ,difficulties ( ,agricultural ,di/ricts #di-eh ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,notes on ! ,practice ( v>i\s ,*oirma/]s 9 ,ca!drals1 c4 #ei-fh ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,notes on ! ,practice ( v>i\s ,*oirma/]s 9 ,p>i% ,*ur*es #fi-gd ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,alto ,boys #ge-hi ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,s*ools = ,*ori/]s #ij-ih ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,conc]t ,songs = ,boys #ii-ajc ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,boy',s ,,voice4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,heal?fulness ,,( ,,s++4 ,! boy's voice1 ?\gh an immature organ ( delicate /ructure1 is capable ( mu* "w1 provid+ only t its me*anism be rightly us$ & n =c$4 ,"s p are unnecess>ily n]v\s ab\t boys2 z a rule1 "u compet5t guidance1 !y w get no?+ b good f vocal "w4 ,a ca!dral organi/ wrote to me ! o!r day3-- ,our be/ solo boy1 :o has a spl5did voice & :o s+s beautifully1 has be5 unwell1 & ! ,dean & ,*apt] doctor 7:o has an idea t e *oir-boy %\ld be z robu/ z a pl\gh-boy7 has j /at$ t ! boy is too feeble to rema9 9 ! *oir4 ,not)/&+ my remon/rances1 ! ,dean & ,*apt] decid$ ye/]day to uphold ! doctor4 ,i tri$ 8 voice la/ week1 & he sang ) full1 ri* tone up to ! ,c above ! /ave1 & t aft] he _h be5 skat+ f #i a4m4 to #e p4m4 ,i %\ld h ?\ght t a boy :o c\ld skate all day c\ld n be 9 su* a 'feeble' /ate z repres5t$ by ! m$ical man4 ,?ree mon?s ago a boy ) a beautiful voice 0 s5t away = ! same reason4 ,s y see :at uphill "w x is = me4 ,x is to be hop$ t fa/idi\sness ( ?is sort is n common4 ,! abuse ( ! voice may lead1 ( c\rse1 to s]i\s results4 ,9 ! ,new ,york ,m$ical ,record ( ,m>* #ba1 #ahhe1 p4 #cag1 !re is a case record$ ( ! bur/+ ( a blood vessel ?r\gh too en]getic s++1 b ?is is altoge!r abnormal1 & beyond ! scope ( our enquiry4 ,! voice1 prop]ly us$1 w la/ z long z any o!r organ1 & x b5efits by ex]cise4 ,mr4 ,d4 ,w4 ,roo?am ( ,bri/ol1 :o n[ at middle age has a /rong con/itution & a f9e b>itone voice1 tells me t z a boy at ,cambridge he sang = sev5 ye>s at five s]vices e ,sunday4 ,! ?+ seems incr$ible1 & x is an extreme case1 ?\gh x %[s :at "w ! voice1 prop]ly manag$1 w d4 ,s++1 x %\ld be rememb]$1 promotes heal?4 ,x does s indirectly by caus+ *e]fulness1 a g5ial fl[ ( spirits1 & ! soo?+ ( ! n]ves4 ,x does s directly by increas+ ! action ( ! lungs4 ,s f> z ^! organs are conc]n$1 s++ is a m en]getic =m ( spee*4 ,z we s+ we brea! deeply1 br+ m air into contact ) ! lungs1 & ?us vitalise & purify ! blood1 giv+ /imulus to ! faculties ( dige/ion & nutrition4 ,a physiologi/1 9 fact1 c trace ! effects ( s++ f ! lungs into ! blood1 f ! blood into ! processes ( nutrition1 back aga9 into ! blood1 into ! n]ves1 & f9ally into ! bra91 :i* ( all organs is mo/ dep5d5t ^u heal?ful & well-oxyg5at$ blood4 ,dr4 ,m>t9 7organi/ ( ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral7 has _h _m ye>s' exp]i5ce 9 tra9+ *oir-boys1 & he tells me t he has nev] kn[n a boy to injure 8 voice1 or lose x ?r\gh s++4 ,x is a "q ( me?od2 if ! voice be us$ prop]ly x w /& any am\nt ( "w4 ,he has se5 boys dispos$ to consumption improve 9 heal? aft] jo9+ ! *oir4 ,! m$ical man :o decl>$ t if !re 7 m s++ !re w\ld be less c\gh+1 express$ 9 a graphic way ! heal?ful influ5ce ( vocal practice4 ,p>5ts & gu>dians ne$ nev] hesitate to all[ _! sons & *>ges to become *oir-boys "u prop] *oirma/]s4 ,!y may be sure t no?+ b good c come ( ! ex]cise4 ,two cautions only are ne$$4 ,! fir/ is1 n to s+ dur+ a cold4 ,:5 a slight inflammation has attack$ ! l>ynx--t is1 :5 a cold has be5 tak5--! vocal cords are ?ick5$1 & ! act ( vocalisation causes !m to rub toge!r1 :i* increases ! inflammation4 ,if ! cold is a bad "o--t is1 if ! inflammation is great--! s+] w be compell$ to re/1 because ! conge/ive swell+ ( ! vocal cords w be s great t !y w be unable to vibrate suffici5tly to produce tone4 ,b :e!r slight or great1 ! cold dem&s re/4 ,o!rwise p]man5t injury may be done to ! voice4 ,! second caution relates to ! pres]vation1 n ( ! boy's voice1 b ( ! man's4 ,!re is no d\bt t x is undesirable = a boy to cont9ue to s+ aft] 8 voice has %[n signs ( break+4 ,:at are ! fir/ signs ( ?is *ange8 ,*oirma/]s notice t ! middle regi/] becomes weak1 )\t any dim9ution 9 ! p[] & quality ( ! upp] notes1 b t at ! same "t ! ?ick regi/] gr[s /rong]1 & ! boy c /rike middle ,c ) firmness4 ,! /rik+ ( middle ,c1 says ,mr4 ,g4 ,b]n>d ,gilb]t1 is usually suffici5t to decide ! po9t4 ,! tradition ( tea*]s is 9 fav\r ( re/ at ?is "t1 & a well-f\nd$ public impression c\nts = a good deal4 ,! fact is t dur+ ! "t ( *ange n only d ! vocal cords l5g!n1 b !y are conge/$4 ,an inflammatory action1 l t :i* takes place dur+ a cold1 is set up4 ,h5ce re/ is desirable4 ,nature h]self also c\nsels re/ because %e r$uces ! musical value ( ! voice at ?is "t to a l[ ebb4 ,x becomes husky & ( unc]ta9 intonation4 ,no d\bt cases c be quot$ ( boys :o h sung on un9t]rupt$ly & develop$ into good t5ors or basses1 b !re are cases equally /rong 9 :i* ! man's voice has completely fail$ aft] su* a c\rse4 ,sir ,morell ,mack5zie is ! only m$ical writ] :o has advocat$ s++ dur+ *ange ( voice1 b n ev5 8 au?ority c upset ! weight ( evid5ce on ! o!r side4 ,nev]!less1 on ! pr9ciple ( he> bo? sides ,i quote ! foll[+ f a lett] by ,mr4 ,e4 ,h4 ,saxton1 *oirma/] ( ,/4 ,james's *ur*1 at ,buxton3-- ,^u ! "q ( re/+ completely f s++ dur+ ! p]iod ( *ange ( voice1 ,i hold t "o mu/ be guid$ by ! circum/ances ( ea* individual case4 ,i c>efully wat* ea* boy :5 ,i am expect+ ! *ange to comm5ce1 & x usually %[s itself by ! upp] ?9 regi/] giv+ way4 ,if ,i _c imm$iately sp>e ! boy f ! treble "p 7& good lead+ boys are n pl5tiful71 ,i caution him to leave high notes alone1 nev] to =ce !m1 & z soon z possible ,i relegate him to ! alto "p1 :]e he (t5 rema9s useful to me = a ye> or eighte5 mon?s4 ,all ! "t he is s++ ! alto "p ,i keep wat* ov] him1 & =bid 8 s++ z soon z !re are indications t ! ef=t is 9 ! slighte/ degree pa9ful4 ,g5]ally ,i f9d ?is prohibition to be only necess>y = notes above ,illu/ration3 middle f ,%\ld a vacancy occur 9 ! s5ior *oir 7if ! boy %[s signs ( 8 voice develop+ to ei!r t5or or bass7 ,i get him pass$ f ! junior to ! s5ior *oir1 w>n+ him1 h[ev]1 to be v c>eful ( 8 high notes1 & nev] to =ce !m4 ,my g5]al exp]i5ce leads me to ! conclusion t x is a mo/ arbitr>y & unnecess>y rule to lay d[n t e boy %\ld re/ at ?is "t4 ,9 "s cases x is necess>y1 no d\bt1 b my op9ion is1 aft] tw5ty ye>s' practical exp]i5ce1 t 9 a l>ge numb] ( cases x is cruel1 & ab\t z mu* use ) reg>d to ! aft]-developm5t ( ! voice z x w\ld be to prohibit speak+4 ,speak+ practically--n sci5tifically--,i hold t ! vocal organ is b5eficially ex]cis$ :5 s++ is all[$ 9 mod]ation1 & )9 ! re/rict$ limits :i* e *oirma/] ought to "k h[ to apply4 ,i h exp]i5c$ boys :o h nev] re/$ develop+ good voices1 z well z ^? :o h re/$4 ,b ,i h no exp]i5ce ( boys :o h nev] re/$ develop+ bad voices1 ?\gh ,i h ( ^? :o did re/4 ,i h ?ree boys 9 "o family 9 my m9d n[1 "o ( :om _h a good alto1 ! o!r two good soprano voices4 ,! alto & "o soprano nev] re/$1 & develop$ respectively a good t5or & bass4 ,! o!r re/$ 7?r\gh removal to ano!r t[n71 & develop$ a v indiff]5t bass4 ,9 spite ( ?is weighty & well-argu$ /atem5t1 my own op9ion is t ! prepond]ance ( evid5ce is 9 fav\r ( re/4 ,x is c]ta9ly a new physiological doctr9e = a %ort p]iod ( re/ to injure or prev5t ! developm5t ( any organ4 ,9 %ort1 ,i _c see h[ !re c be any disadvantage 9 a few mon?s' re/1 :ile f ! o!r po9t ( view !re c be no musical advantage 9 ! use ( an unmusical in/rum5t4 ,z soon z ! man's voice %[s signs ( settlem5t its practice %\ld g5tly beg94 ,illu/ration3 ,decoration ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,managem5t ,,( ,,! ,,brea?4 ,brea?+ 9 s++ is a matt] ( ! utmo/ importance4 ,! brea? is ! motive p[]1 ! prim>y =ce1 to :i* ! l>ynx & ! resonance *amb] are b second>y4 ,9 spee* we c manage ) %ort brea?+ & half-fill$ lungs1 b 9 su/a9+ ! s\nds ( song1 we ne$ to brea! deeply1 & to brea! 9 a "r way4 ,manife/ly ! act ( brea?+ consi/s ( two p>ts--7#a7 ! draw+ 91 & 7#b7 ! lett+ out ( ! brea?4 ,:5 we speak ( modes ( brea?+1 h[ev]1 we ref] to ! draw+ 9 ( ! brea?4 ,!re are ?ree ways ( do+ ?is4 ,fir/1 by l[]+ ! diaphragm1 & ?us compell+ ! lungs to enl>ge & fill ! vacant space creat$4 ,second1 by ext5d+ ! ribs sideways1 caus+ ! lungs to exp& lat]ally4 ,?ird1 by draw+ up ! coll>-bone & %\ld] blades1 caus+ ! upp] "p ( ! lungs to exp&4 ,! ?ird me?od is bad2 ! ideal brea?+ is a comb9ation ( ! fir/ & second4 ,^u ?is a?letes z well z s+]s are agre$4 ,?is is ! brea?+ :i* we practise unconsci\sly 9 sleep1 or 9 tak+ a long sniff at a fl[]4 ,! musical results ( bad brea?+ are flatt5+ & a hurry+ ( ! "t2 h5ce ! importance ( ! matt]4 ,practice may well beg9 ) a few m9utes devot$ to brea?+ ex]cises4 ,let ! boys inhale a long brea? ?r\gh ! nose2 hold x = a "t1 & !n sl[ly exhale4 ,aga9 let !m sl[ly inhale1 hold1 & exhale quickly1 all[+ ! sides ( ! *e/ to collapse4 ,aga91 let !m1 :ile hold+ ! brea?1 press x f ! l[] to ! middle1 & to ! upp] "p ( ! *e/1 & vice v]sa4 ,dur+ ?is ex]cise ! body %\ld be 9 ! position ( /& at ease4 ,! spiromet]1 a useful b r exp5sive little in/rum5t1 measures accurately lung capacity4 ,^! brea?+ ex]cises may be foll[$ by practice 9 hold+ a s+le tone = a p]iod j %ort ( exhau/ion4 ,illu/ration3 ,decoration ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,manag+ ,,*oir ,,boys4 ,to "s *oirma/]s ! managem5t ( _! boys is a p]fectly easy matt]2 to o!rs x is a con/ant s\rce ( tr\ble4 ,ev]y?+ dep5ds ^u knack4 ,max ,o',rell has "s wise maxims on ! subject :i* x may be well to quote4 ,face ! boys1 he says1 or y w be n[h]e4 ,always be lively4 ,nev] %[ y\r temp]3 to let ! boys see t !y c ruffle y is to give !m a victory4 ,all[ no *att+4 ,nev] ov]-praise clev] boys2 nev] snub dull ones4 ,nev] expect any ?anks4 ,if a boy laughs at a mi/ake made by ano!r boy1 ask him = ! answ] imm$iately1 & he w be dumb4 ,if y d n love boys1 nev] become a *oir s*ool ma/]4 ,discipl9e is pres]v$ by giv+ ! boys seats 9 ! same relative position at rehe>sal & 9 *ur*4 ,!re %\ld be a d\ble r[ ( desks 9 ! practice room1 provid$ ) a %elf = books1 j z 9 ! /alls4 ,if ! boys h to hold ! books & music 9 _! h&s !y /oop1 & ! s++ suff]s4 ,ea* boy %\ld h a copy ( ! music1 & x %\ld be> 8 numb]1 s t he is p]sonally responsible = its good keep+4 ,punctuality at rehe>sal is important4 ,let ! *oirma/] call = ord] at ! exact "t1 & let ! roll be gone ov] at once4 ,to be unpunctual1 or n to regi/] e>ly att5dance1 is to enc\rage laxity4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! long s]vices 9 _m *ur*es are try+ to ! *oir boys4 ,9 "s *ur*es ! morn+ s]vice la/s two h\rs & a qu>t]4 ,x is v h>d ev5 = an adult to keep 8 ?\ghts f w&]+1 & 8 eyes f glanc+ ov] ! congregation dur+ all ?is "t4 ,h[ mu* m h>d is x1 !n1 = a boy :o is by nature a fidget1 & if heal?y1 brimm+ ov] ) activity8 ,nev]!less boys c be tra9$1 if n to control _! ?\ghts1 at lea/ to an outw>d rev]5ce & quietude 9 h>mony ) ! s]vice4 ,repro(1 if x is ne$$1 is be/ adm9i/]$ 9 private4 ,boys %\ld be paid1 if only a small sum2 ?is gives ! *oirma/] a hold ^u !m1 & enables him to impose f9es1 if necess>y4 ,paym5t c be increas$ = ^? :o take ,tonic ,sol-fa or o!r sight-s++ c]tificates1 :i* ( c\rse increase _! value z *ori/]s4 ,let x be not$ t ! voices w c>ry fur!r if ! boys hold up _! heads4 ,?is caution is especially ne$$ :5 !y are s++ 9 ! kneel+ po/ure4 ,all t c be done to int]e/ ! boys 9 _! "w by enc\rag+ ! social feel+1 w be to ! advantage ( ! *oir4 ,_! he>ts are easily won4 ,an excursion1 an ev5+ p>ty once a ye> are great attractions4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,b4 ,roney1 ( ,*icago1 advocates a *oir guild1 & 9 ! *oir-room he w\ld h a libr>y1 games1 puzzles1 footballs1 bats & balls1 ,indian clubs1 & dumb-bells4 ,he w\ld op5 & w>m ! *oir-room an h\r be=e ea* s]vice & rehe>sal4 ,to "s ext5t he w\ld let ! y\ng/]s gov]n !mselves1 & says t ! gravity ) :i* !y w appo9t a judge1 a jury1 %]iff1 prison]1 & witnesses to try a case ( infraction ( ! *oir rules1 w\ld br+ a smile to ! face ( a grav5 image4 ,prizes at ,*ri/mas are "p ( 8 s*eme2 ^! %\ld be aw>d$ = su* po9ts z punctuality1 progress 9 music1 rev]5tial demean\r1 & g5]al excell5ce4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,s]gison1 organi/ ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 ,eaton ,squ>e1 ,london1 ! *oirma/] w h p[] if he make himself belov$4 ,he %\ld ent] into ! boys' way ( look+ at ?+s1 & rememb] t !y h deep feel+s4 ,! boys %\ld be arrang$ 9 classes1 ea* high] class hav+ high] pay1 ) sundry little privileges4 ,mr4 ,s]gison says t by putt+ ! boys ^u _! hon\r1 & treat+ !m well1 he has always ma9ta9$ /rict discipl9e1 & has nev] yet _h to resort to corporal puni%m5t4 ,! ,rev4 ,e4 ,husb&1 ( ,folke/one1 :o is an en?usia/ic *oir-tra9]1 is /rongly ( op9ion t = vocal purposes work+-class boys are bett] ?an ! sons ( g5tlem54 ,he f9ds t boys ( a l[] class h ri*] & full] voices ?an ^? above !m 9 ! social scale4 ,i 0 myself pres5t1 n long s9ce1 at a conc]t at ,eton ,college1 & al?\gh ,i 0 greatly /ruck ) ! purity ( ! tone1 its volume 0 ?9 & some:at %all[4 ,"o reason :y work+-class boys excel1 probably1 is t pla9 food & outdoor life keep ! body 9 ! be/ condition1 s t ! *ildr5 ( ! poor1 s long z !y are well-n\ri%$1 are heal?i] ?an ! *ildr5 ( ! ri*4 ,b ! work+-class boys h also ?is advantage1 t !y beg9 life at f\r ye>s ( age 9 an ,infant ,s*ool1 :]e !y s+ e day1 & receive sy/ematic ,tonic ,sol-fa tea*+ :i* is cont9u$ :5 !y pass into ! boys' dep>tm5t4 ,boys :o are tra9$ "u gov]nesses & at private prep>atory s*ools (t5 le>n no s++ at all4 ,x is to be hop$ t ! diffusion ( musical k w make ^! class-comp>isons1 f a musical po9t ( view1 unnecess>y4 ,! *oir-boys ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,ox=d1 are all ! sons ( pr(essional m51 b !n ! *oice is a wide "o1 z !y come f all p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,! prec5tor ( a ca!dral writes to me on an important bran* ( our subject4 ,i s9c]ely hope t 8 picture is n "o t is g5]ally true3-- ,my own exp]i5ce w\ld sugge/ t 9 connection ) ! tra9+ ( ca!dral *ori/]s ! att5tion ( ca!dral organi/s might be v advantage\sly drawn to ! v great importance ( effici5cy 9 ! art ( tea*+--( imp>t+ k4 ,! in/ruction giv5 may be z good z c\ld well be desir$1 b ! mann] ( imp>t+ x j z bad--su* z w\ld be condemn$ 9 any well-conduct$ ,public ,elem5t>y ,s*ool4 ,uncontroll$ temp]1 ! cane1 box+ ( ! e>s1 are matt]s :i* g f> to prove a tea*] v s]i\sly incompet5t z a tea*]4 ,a ca!dral organi/ is specially expos$ to ! temptation to ha/9ess & h>%ness1 ow+ to ! p[] he possesses4 ,a p>5t values ! position ( a *ori/] = 8 son1 & ! organi/ is tempt$ soon to take advantage ( ! p>5t's unwill+ness to )draw 8 son4 ,9 a p>i% *oir1 ei!r volunt>y or paid at a v l[ rate1 ! exhibition ( bad temp] or disc\rtesy 9 mann] is quickly foll[$1 9 all probability1 by ! loss ( ! (f5d$ *ori/]4 ,(f5sive mann]s on ! "p ( ! tra9] quickly endang] ! exi/5ce ( ! *oir4 ,n s 9 ca!drals1 & ! ca!dral organi/ kn[s ?is4 ',i _c ?9k :y t boy does n s+ 9 tune2 ,i h box$ 8 e>s2' said a ca!dral organi/ once to me q s]i\sly4 ,?is proves1 ,i ?9k1 h[ bl9d ev5 a highly-tra9$ musician may be to ! ne$ = any art 9 ! mode ( imp>t+ in/ruction4 ,i fe> !re is a vulg> notion 7only half def9$1 mo/ probably7 t irascibility 9 ! musical tra9] is a m>k ( g5ius4 ,i write f exp]i5ce1 hav+ be5 upw>ds ( a qu>t] ( a c5tury 9 ca!drals1 & a consid]able portion ( t "t prec5tor4 ,9 conclusion1 ! cu/om ( ?r[+ a halo ( s5tim5t r\nd *oir-boys1 & pett+ !m1 is mu* to be deprecat$4 ,x has become ! cu/om to write tales & songs ab\t !m1 9 :i* !y are made out to be little angels 9 disguise4 ,all ?is is v fooli% & h>mful4 ,*oir-boys1 z a rule1 are no bett] & no worse ?an o!r boys4 ,!y respond well to wise treatm5t1 b ne$ to be gov]n$ by common s5se1 & to be taught _! places4 ,i am myself some:at to blame = illu/rat+ ?is book ) two pictures ( *oir boys4 ,x is really inconsi/5t4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,voice ,,tra9+4 ,c#b ,b#a ,small ,a#a ,g#a ,f#a ,upp] ,?94 ,e#a ,d#a ,c#a ,l[] ,?94 ,b ,a ,g ,f ,upp] ,?ick4 ,e ,d ,c ,l[] ,?ick4 ,b#a ,a#a ,g#a ,be=e comm5c+ to tra9 a voice ! *oirma/] mu/ make sure t x is a voice wor? tra9+4 ,he mu/ take ! boy alone1 te/ 8 voice by s++ scales1 & try especially 8 notes 9 ! treble compass1 say1 ,illu/ration3 musical notation ,he mu/ te/ 8 e> by play+ phrases1 & ask+ ! boy to s+ !m4 ,he mu/ enquire into 8 !oretical k1 if any1 & ask if he has _h a ,tonic ,sol-fa or any o!r sy/ematic tra9+4 ,! e> ( ! *oirma/] mu/ decide ^u ! voice4 ,x is said by "s t boys' voices p>take ( "o or o!r ( two qualities1 ! flute quality or ! oboe quality4 ,!y diff]1 no d\bt1 9 timbre1 b ^! two divisions are n cle>ly m>k$4 ,! diagram at ! side gives ! compass ( ! regi/]s 9 boy trebles & altos4 ,! names are ^? inv5t$ by ! late ,john ,curw51 & h ! advantage ( describ+ ! physiological action t goes on4 ,?us 9 ! ,?ick ,regi/]1 ! vocal cords vibrate 9 _! :ole ?ickness2 9 ! ,?9 ,regi/] _! ?9 edges alone vibrate2 & 9 ! ,small ,regi/] a small ap]ture only is made1 ?r\gh :i* ! s\nd comes4 ,! regi/]s are practically ! same z ^? ( wom5's voices4 ,!y may be %[n on ! /aff1 ?us3-- ,illu/ration3 ,l[] ,?ick4 ,upp] ,?ick4 ,l[] ,?94 ,upp] ,?94 ,small4 ,*e/4 ,middle4 ,falsetto4 ,i give bel[ ! /aff ano!r set ( names :i* are sometimes us$1 b diff]5t voice-tra9]s atta* to ^! diff]5t mean+s4 ,x is undesirable to tell ! boys any?+ ab\t ! regi/]s4 ,! _s ( voice-tra9+ at ! pres5t "t is too analytical4 ,! !ory ( ! regi/]s is = ! tea*]1 n = ! pupil4 ,"s voice-tra9]s seem to ?9k t x is _! bus9ess to discov] ! regi/]s1 b z f> z tone goes x is _! bus9ess to conceal !m4 ,tra9]s "w bett] ?r\gh possess+ physiological k1 b ! end is a smoo? & homog5e\s voice1 bl5d$ & well-built4 ,r\ghly speak+1 ! boys to be reject$ are ^? :o ?r\gh c>elessness1 excitem5t1 or confirm$ habit1 =ce up ! ?ick regi/] :ile s++4 ,& ^? to be accept$ are ! boys :o h suffici5t res]ve & c>e to turn into ! fluty tone at ! prop] place1 :e!r ! music be l\d or s(t1 & :atev] be ! %ape ( ! melodic passage4 ,! "r use ( ! voice is mo/ likely to come f boys :o1 :atev] _! social /atus1 are well br\ght up1 & h be5 taught to avoid scream+1 co>se laugh+ & bawl+1 & if possible to speak 9 a cle> way4 ,voice /udies are ( two k9ds4 ,fir/ come ^? :i* promote ! build+ & sett+ ( ! voice4 ,^! are g5]ally sung sl[ly4 ,:5 ! voice is becom+ settl$ ex]cises = agility may be introduc$4 ,( agility ex]cises mo/ voice-tra9+ books conta9 pl5ty4 ,!re is a good selection 9 ,mr4 ,s9clair ,dunn's ,! ,solo ,s+]'s ,vade ,mecum 7,j4 ,curw5 ,sons1 price #as47 & ,sir ,john ,/a9] has writt5 a set1 pr9t$ on a c>d1 :i* is publi%$ by ,m[bray1 ,ox=d & ,london1 price #f;d4 ,:5 ! sy/em ( probation]s is at "w ! voice-build+ ex]cises w n be mu* ne$$4 ,! little boys w ins5sibly fall into "r habits4 ,!y w le>n to produce tone z !y le>nt to speak--by e>4 ,b :5 a new *oir has to be =m$1 ! build+ ex]cises are necess>y4 ,& ! fir/ object ( ^! is to make ! boy feel ! ?9 regi/] & /r5g!n x by use4 ,= ?is purpose su* phrases z ^!1 :i* leap into ! ?9 regi/]1 & quit x by /ep are ! be/3-- ,illu/ration3 ,,key ,eb4 d#a t l s d#a t l s m#a r#a d#a t d#a ,illu/ration3 ,,key ,g4 s f m r f m r d l s f s m ,^! ex]cises %\ld be sung to sev]al v[els1 b especially to ! s\nd koo1 :i* w at fir/ imm5sely amuse ! boys1 b w aft]w>ds be f\nd to ?r[ ! tone =w>d t[>ds ! tee? 9 a way t no o!r s\nd does4 ,pure v[el tone goes ) pure & resonant voice4 ,! broad & pure v[els ( ! ,york%ire dialect h1 m ?an any?+ else1 produc$ ! ,york%ire voices4 ,h5ce ! *oirma/] mu/ make a det]m9$ ef=t to cure prov9cialisms 9 s f> z !y prev5t ! issue ( pure v[el s\nds f ! m\?4 ,! v[els %\ld be sung 9 _! vocal ord] z recomm5d$ by ,mr4 ,behnke1 oo 7z 9 y71 o 7z 9 owe71 ah 7z 9 ,%ah71 a 7z pay71 & ee 7z 9 see74 ,^! may be tak5 to sl[ scales1 ?us3-- ,illu/ration3 oo-o-ah-a-ee oo-o-ah-a-ee1 c4 ,let ! *oirma/] wat* c>efully = impure s\nds1 & call ^u ea* boy to s+ two measures by himself f "t to "t4 ,9 s++ ! boy %\ld /& upright & free4 ,he mu/ n lean or b5d 8 body4 ,! m\? mu/ be fairly op5$1 b n too wide4 ,z ! voice asc5ds ! m\? op5s wid]4 ,! lips mu/ lie lightly on ! tee?1 & ! tongue %\ld lie at re/1 j t\*+ ! front tee?4 ,if1 = ! sake ( *ange dur+ a long rehe>sal1 ! boys sit1 let x be rememb]$ t !re are _m ways ( sitt+1 & t ! upright po/ure h9d]s ! brea? less ?an loll+ & a crook$ po/ure4 ,rigidity is ! enemy ( all good s++4 ,let ! :ole body & vocal app>atus be relax$1 & pure tone w result4 ,if ,i he> a boy =c+ up 8 voice1 said ,h]r ,egl+]1 ( ,basel1 to me1 ,i ask ! re/ ( ! class to po9t him out1 & !y d x at once4 ,?is at once cures ! transgressor & %>p5s ! consci5ces ( ! o!r boys4 ,z to ! v[el on :i* s+]s %\ld be tra9$1 !re are diff]5ces ( op9ion4 ,maurice ,/rakos*1 ! tra9] ( ,patti1 ,nilsson1 c41 us$ ha1 :i* causes a slight brea? to prec$e ! articulation4 ,?is1 he said1 gives ! voice a natural />t4 ,x is some?+ l ! koo ( ,mrs4 ,seil]4 ,le>n]s he requir$ to l[] _! heads :ile s++1 & to %[ ! upp] tee?1 s z to keep ! lips out ( ! way ( ! tone4 ,mr4 ,b>nicott1 a successful *oirma/] at ,taunton1 uses ka4 ,b z 9 ! actual s++ ( ! ,engli% language all ! v[els are enc\nt]$ 9 turn1 x w\ld seem reasonable t !y %\ld all be includ$ 9 ! practice4 ,mr4 ,walt] ,brooks1 quot$ else:]e1 lays /ress ^u long-su/a9$ notes 9 ! scale ( ,e flat1 & up to ,g4 ,^! exp& ! l[] "p ( ! lungs1 & produce /eady1 firm tone4 ,!y %\ld be sung bo? l\d & s(t1 ! boys "o by "o & toge!r4 ,an admirable plan is to keep boys on ! al]t li/5+ = faults1 ask+ ^? n s++1 ,^: fault is t8 ,jeal\sy & conceit1 says ,mr4 ,brooks1 are avoid$ by giv+ a solo to ?ree or f\r boys to s+ 9 unison4 ,?ree or f\r w bl5d bett] ?an two1 & aft] prop] rehe>sal ! tone is s l "o voice t p say1 ,:at a beautiful voice t boy has6 ,z to balance ( p>ts1 ! foll[+ table is giv5 by ,mr4 ,h4 ,b4 ,roney ( ,*icago3-- ,sopranos #ab #ag #be #cg #ej ,altos #d #e #g #aa #ad ,t5ors #d #e #h #aa #ad ,basses #e #h #aj #af #bb -- -- -- -- -- #be #ce #ej #ge #ajj ,mr4 ,/ocks ,hammond says t dur+ voice ex]cise ! boys %\ld /& p]fectly erect1 ) m\? well op51 ! %\ld]s be+ ?r[n back4 ,aft] ex]cise 9 sl[ly inhal+ & exhal+ ! brea?1 comes ! unit+ ( ! regi/]s4 ,?is is accompli%$ by s++ up & d[n ! scales ( ,c1 ,d1 & ,e to ! syllable ah4 ,ea* tone is tak5 ) decision1 & is foll[$ by a slight pause4 ,! same scales are aft]w>ds sung to oh & oo4 ,?is ex]cise %\ld n la/ long] t t5 or fifte5 m9utes4 ,/accato scales to ah6 oh6 & *romatic passages are introduc$ lat]4 ,mr4 ,g4 ,b]n>d ,gilb]t1 ,f4,c4,o41 ( ,we/ ,ham ,p>i% ,*ur*1 is an exceptionally skill$ tra9] ( boys' voices4 ,he meets 8 boys half-an-h\r be=e ea* ( ! ,sunday ,s]vices & tunes !m up1 an admirable plan1 :i* _c be too widely imitat$4 ,! fir/ ?+ he does 9 tra9+ boys is to tea* !m to attack & leave s\nds ) precision1 neatness1 & prop] regi/] or quality ( voice4 ,he gives *ief att5tion to ! s\nds betwe5 ,illu/ration3 "h ! au?or expresses a range f ! ,f above middle-,c 7or ,f#d7 to ! ,c above middle-,c 7,c#e7 by ins]t+ a /aff & fir/ practises !m4 ,if beauty ( tone is to be obta9$1 x is ( ! utmo/ importance t ^! s\nds %\ld be giv5 9 ! ?9 regi/]4 ,mr4 ,gilb]t has cultivat$ ?is regi/] 9 8 own voice1 & is able to give ! boys a patt]n 9 ! "r octave1 :i* he ?9ks ( great use4 ,! *ange f upp] ?ick to l[] ?9 takes place betwe5 ,e & ,f4 ,! boys %\ld intone 9 ! ?9 regi/]4 ,flatt5+ :ile inton+ is almo/ entirely due to boys us+ ! ?ick regi/]4 ,mr4 ,gilb]t uses ! v[els z arrang$ by ,mr4 ,behnke1 oo-o-ah-ai-ee1 practis$ fir/ ) a slight brea? betwe5 ea*1 aft]w>ds all 9 "o brea?1 piano & /accato4 ,consonants prec$+ ^! v[els are ( little value1 z !y only disguise a wrong action ( ! glottis1 )\t remov+ ! fault4 ,he uses also su/a9$ s\nds1 & %ort major or m9or arpeggi1 & la/ ( all scale passages4 ,if due att5tion be giv5 to ! intonation ( ! arpeggio1 ! scale %\ld n be1 z x too (t5 is1 all out ( tune4 ,! arpeggio is its skeleton or framework4 ,mr4 ,gilb]t alt]nates ?is "w ) ! s++ ( int]vals & ! practice ( "t rhy?ms4 ,he atta*es great value to ! v[el e 9 practis+ su/a9$ notes1 scales or arpeggi1 ?\gh o!r v[els mu/ receive due att5tion4 ,e has ! advantage ( br++ ! vocal cords v close to toge!r1 !reby effect+ a great] economy ( ! brea? ?an is possible ) ! o!r v[els4 ,he has con/antly succe$$ 9 mak+ boys produce a pure & beautiful tone to ?is v[el1 especially 9 t "p ( ! voice call$ ! upp] ?91 :5 he c\ld n d s ) ! o!rs4 ,( c\rse e c be sung badly1 & boys w sometimes make a nasal squeak ( x1 b ! correct plac+ ( ! tone is quickly le>nt if ! tee? are kept nicely ap>t4 ,mr4 ,gilb]t tea*es ! boys :5 v "y ! me*anism :i* gov]ns _! voices above ,illu/ration3 high f ,?is is ! small regi/]4 ,he is c>eful also ab\t pronunciation1 recomm5ds t boys %\ld be paid1 & t bad behavi\r1 laz9ess1 or irregul>ity1 if !y occur1 %\ld be puni%$ by f9es4 ,"o ( ! mo/ m>k$ excell5ces ( ,mr4 ,gilb]t's *oir is its *ant+1 & ! elocutional phras+ ( ! words ( ! hymns4 ,! rigidity ( ! "t is (t5 brok5 ) impressive effect 9 ord]1 by an elocutional pause1 to ?r[ into relief a prom95t ^w or idea4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,t4 ,h4 ,coll9son1 ,mus4,b41 organi/ ( ,/4 ,m>y's ,ca!dral1 ,ed9burgh1 has giv5 me "s int]e/+ p>ticul>s ( ! tra9+ :i* 8 excell5t boys und]go4 ,! process ( selection is z foll[s3--7#a7 ,adv]tisem5t4 7#b7 ,trial ( voice1 & entry ( p>ticul>s ( s*ool1 s*ool /&>d1 fa!r's occupation1 c4 7#c7 ,*oice ( mo/ promis+ voices4 7#d7 ,inspection ( homes1 z to ov]cr[d+1 c4 7#e7 ,appo9tm5t ( probation]s4 7#f7 ,full appo9tm5t1 ) religi\s s]vice ( admission by ! ,dean4 ,! p>5ts engage 9 writ+ to reta9 ! *ild 9 ! *oir s*ool until 8 voice *anges1 or to ! av]age age ( f\rte54 ,! boys are tak5 at all ages f #i to #ab-a_/b4 ,cultivation ( tone1 bl5d+ ( regi/]s1 & accuracy ( pit* are specially /udi$1 ! pr9cipal means be+ z foll[s3--7#a7 ,m\?-op5+ 7sil5tly74 7#b7 ,brea?+ ex]cise4 7#c7 ,su/a9$ notes piano1 ea* to full l5g? ( brea?4 7#d7 ,piano scales4 7#e7 ,simple flexibility ex]cises1 e4g41 ,sir ,j4 ,/a9]'s c>d ( ex]cises1 publi%$ by ,m[bray4 7#f7 ,cresc5do & ,dim9u5do4 7#g7 ,behnke's resonance v[els1 oo-o-ah4 7#h7 ,behnke's glottis-/roke ex]cises1 oo-o-ah-ai-ee4 7#i7 ,no accompanim5t1 except a s+le note on ! pian(orte e ?ree or f\r b>s to te/ pit*4 ,:]e badly flat1 a scold+1 & go+ back to try ov] aga94 7#aj7 ,at e>ly morn+ practice no =te s++ is all[$1 z a rule4 ,by ! above means1 especially su/a9$ notes & piano scales1 flatness is easily avoid$1 & ! regi/]s bl5d p]fectly4 ,a curi\s local peculi>ity has to be specially treat$ 9 ! junior boys4 ,! ,scotti% 'u' z 9 'gude' 7good71 'puir' 7poor71 'n' 7new71 is id5tical ) ! ,fr5* 'u' 9 'tu' or ',hugo1' & ! little fell[s s+ an amus+ ex]cise l ! foll[+3-- ,y %\ld d two1 on e note ( ! scale1 ) special c>e to protrude ! lips to a r\nd :i/l+ %ape = ! 'oo4' ,v oddly !y s+ a good 'oo' 9 ! falsetto regi/]1 & a c]ta9 solo boy us$ to s+ ,h&el's ',h[ beautiful are ! feet' 9 its fir/ two phrases 9 alt]nate ,scot* & ,engli%1 ! v9eg>y '' 9 ! fir/ 7l[7 phrase1 & a f9e r\nd 'oo' 9 ! high] phrase1 :]e 'beautiful' beg9s on ,e flat4 ,raw c&idates & ill-taught *ildr5 g5]ally come m9us any regi/] at all above ,illu/ration3 high d & gr9 ) surprise on be+ taught to produce sweet upp] notes by op5-m\? piano 'ah4' ,colds & petty ho>s5ess1 int]f]+ ) ! upp] notes1 are t]ribly common 9 ?is climate 9 ! class ( boys obta9$ = ! *oir4 ,a successful soloi/ at ,friday rehe>sal may be f\nd incompet5t by ,sunday1 s t all solo "w is c>efully und]/udi$4 ,a few m9utes ea* day suffice = ! purely te*nical voice ex]cises4 ,! s]vices are _m 9 numb]2 ?ree on ,sunday1 two on week-days1 & occasional extra s]vices at special seasons4 ,! numb] ( boys is kept up to say #cj1 & !y are work$ 9 divisions to m9imise _! duties4 ,! boys are educat$ free1 & s5iors receive paym5t4 ',i ?9k t boys' voices are mu* l unto boys' legs--!y ne$ daily ex]cise if !y are to be wor? any?+4' 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,r4 ,h4 ,saxton1 ( ,buxton1 writes3--,my *oir boys are almo/ exclusively drawn f ! work+ class1 & ! majority ( !m use ! ?ick regi/] = ! speak+ voice4 ,i take !m at n9e ye>s ( age1 sometimes y\ng] if !y c read fairly well1 & my fir/ ef=t is to suppress ! ?ick regi/] altoge!r 9 s++4 ,if !y 7 enc\rag$ to use x !y w\ld mo/ c]ta9ly abuse x by c>ry+ x f> beyond its prop] range4 ,s(t s++ is ! only effective plan ,i "k ( = remov+ ! t5d5cy to use ! ?ick regi/]4 ,?is ,i insi/ on 9 modulator volunt>ies & "t ex]cises4 ,! "t ex]cises are always laa'd on or above ,illu/ration3 middle ,a4 ,9 modulator "w ,i at fir/ avoid beg9n+ 9 ! l[] keys :]e ! ?ick regi/] w\ld naturally be us$4 ,by ?us con/antly cultivat+ ! ?9 regi/]1 nev] all[+ faulty intonation to pass unnotic$1 & always *eck+ ! natural t5d5cy ( boys to s+ co>sely2 toge!r ) a free use ( e> ex]cises1 9 :i* !y are taught to recognise tones by _! m5tal effect1 ,i succe$ at la/ 9 gett+ fairly good tone4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a "w ( "t & difficulty1 on acc\nt ( ! daily surr\nd+s ( ! boys1 & ! habitually co>se way 9 :i* !y are all[$ to s+ 9 s*ool4 ,to avoid flatt5+1 ,i believe ! c\rse ,i h indicat$ to be ! be/ rem$y1 z eye1 e>1 & voice are cultivat$ simultane\sly4 ,9 tra9+ ! ?9 regi/] special c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! ,upp] ,?9 is br\ght out at ,illu/ration3 high d & x is (t5 bett] t ! ,c also %\ld be tak5 9 ! ,upp] ,?94 ,a /ra9$ ,l[] ,?9 on ,c %>p or ,d w be sure to induce flatt5+1 :ile if ! ,upp] ,?9 is prop]ly us$ !re is no difficulty :atev] 9 us+ ! high ,d & ,e )9 reasonable limits z ! recit+ note 9 *ant+4 ,:5 ! music moves ab\t /epwise 9 close proximity above & bel[ ! breaks1 we h ano!r cause ( flatt5+4 ,z mo/ ( our c\ntry *oirs consi/ at ! be/ ( b p>tly-tra9$ voices1 compos]s & *oirma/]s %\ld be> ?is 9 m9d4 ,x mu/ n be suppos$ t boys are ! sole cause ( flatt5+4 ,f> f x1 !y are too (t5 ! victims ( an untuneful t5or or bass4 ,f ! fir/ mom5t a boy comes "u my c>e he is enc\rag$ to take ! ,tonic ,sol-fa c]tificates1 & few leave ! *oir )\t hav+ pass$ ! ,int]m$iate4 ,i am ( c\rse n[ speak+ ( ^? boys :o rema9 ) u till !y are no long] ( use z boys4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i app5d an extract f a lett] by ,mr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,e4 ,taylor1 ma/] ( ! ,boys' ,national ,s*ool at ,p5zance1 & *oirma/] ( ,/4 ,m>y's ,*ur*1 :i* is int]e/+ z %[+ ! ext5t to :i* s++ by e> c be c>ri$3-- ,! *ildr5 "h1 z 9 mo/ ,corni% t[ns1 are fond ( music1 & h a quick e>4 ,i pick my boys f a s*ool ( ne>ly #djj4 ,i *oose !m by ! way !y read 9 s*ool4 ,!y are g5]ally ( ,/&>d ,v41 & betwe5 t5 & elev5 ye>s ( age4 ,if y\ng] ! ,psalms puzzle !m4 ,i try a new boy's voice at ! *oir practice4 ,if he has a sweet tone1 & c rea* ,f %>p1 h[ev] fa9tly1 ,i accept him1 & keep him on probation at ! practices4 ,ab\t half-a-doz5 are s kept1 & ! be/ lad fills any vacancy occurr+ 9 ! *oir4 ,i h no tr\ble z reg>ds discipl9e1 z a f9e1 or ! k t _! places c be in/antly fill$ by ! probation]s1 keeps ! *ori/]s well 9 _! places4 ,at ! *oir practices ,i beg9 ) runn+ up & d[n ! scales ) _! voices toge!r1 beg9n+ s(t1 & all[+ ! voices to increase z ! scales asc5d1 & dim9i% on desc5d+1 b hold+ on to ! top-mo/ notes :il/ ,i play a *ord or two on x4 ,!n ) a nod ( my head !y desc5d4 ,at times "o note is giv5 !m on :i* to cres4 & dim41 = brea?+ ex]cise4 ,n "o lad kn[s 8 notes except z to _! rise & fall & values4 ,!y dep5d on _! e> entirely1 ev5 9 ! mo/ difficult fugues4 ,at ?is *ur* an!ms & sett+s ( ! ,canticles are sung e ,sunday ev5+4 ,! m5 are volunt>y2 ! head boys get f #cjs4 to #djs4 a ye>1 ! solo boys receiv+ #c;d4 or #f;d4 z an enc\ragem5t aft] r5d]+ a solo or v]se "p4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 spite ( all t c be writt5 on ! subject ( voice-tra9+1 ! art is "o mo/ difficult to communicate4 ,"s tea*]s succe$2 o!rs fail4 ,a rem>kable in/ance ( ?is came "u my notice lately4 ,! headma/] ( a s*ool ask$ me to pay 8 boys a visit 9 ord]1 if possible1 to discov] ! reason ( ! great fall+-(f 9 _! s++4 ,8 previ\s s++-tea*] _h br\ght ! boys to a high pit* ( excell5ce4 ,:5 he left1 ! s++ 0 plac$ "u ! *>ge ( an und]ma/]1 :o _h = a ye> or m he>d all ! s++ lessons giv5 by 8 pr$ecessor1 :o us$ ! same voice ex]cises ) ! same boys 9 ! same room4 ,surely1 "o w\ld h ?\ght ! results mu/ be ! same4 ,b ! s++ _h det]iorat$2 flatt5+1 & a lifeless mann] _h ov]come ! boys4 ,! causes1 s f> z ,i c\ld discov]1 7 fir/ t ! new tea*] want$ ! magnetic1 en?usia/ic way ( ! old1 & second1 t he _h n s quick an e> = *ange ( regi/]1 & all[$ ! l[] me*anism ( ! voice to be =c$ up high] ?an its prop] limits4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is *apt] focuses a l>ge am\nt ( valuable exp]i5ce1 b amid ! _m h9ts :i* are giv51 two ways ( secur+ "r tone /& out ) m>k$ prom95ce4 ,!y are1 s(t s++1 & ! d[nw>d practice ( scales4 ,illu/ration3 ,decoration ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,in=mation ,,on ,,voice-,,tra9+1 ,,collect$ ,,by ,,! ,,salisbury ,,diocesan ,,*oral ,,association4 ,i am indebt$ to ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,miles ,b>nes1 rector ( ,monkton1 ,dor*e/]1 = ! foll[+ in=mation1 rec5tly obta9$ by him on ! subject ( voice-tra9+4 ,x appe>s t = ! in=mation ( *oir in/ructors 7"s #bjj 9 numb]7 9 union ) ! ,salisbury ,diocesan ,*oral ,association1 ! advice ( prec5tors & organi/s ( ca!drals 0 lately s\ght z to ! be/ way ( correct+ a v common fault 9 ! s++ ( c\ntry *oirs4 ,! foll[+ que/ions 7 propos$3 7,i47 ,x is a common practice 9 c\ntry *oirs = boys & t5ors to =ce ! l[] regi/] to s+ notes :i* %\ld be tak5 9 ! high] or head regi/]4 ,! notes ?us =c$ are h>% & unmusical 9 tone1 & g5]ally flat 9 pit*4 ,h[ w\ld y correct ?is fault 9 boys8 7,,ii47 ,:at me?od is employ$ 9 ---- ,ca!dral = develop+ & /r5g!n+ ! high] 7head7 regi/] 9 boys' voices8 ,! foll[+ are extracts f ! replies3-- ,rev4 ,f4 ,j4 ,,helmore1 ,prec5tor ( ,cant]bury4 ,i %\ld recomm5d ! practice ( ! fir/ five notes ( ! scales ( ,a1 ,bb1 ,b1 & ,c1 piano1 tak5 r sl[ly1 & !n ( int]vals f ,g to ,d1 ,g to ,eb1 ,g to ,e1 ,a to ,e1 c4 c4 ,aft] t ,i w\ld try !m ) ! complete scales ( ,e1 ,f1 ,f1 & ,g1 fa/ & =te1 ?us3-- ,illu/ration3 musical notation ,if no improvem5t is p]ceptible1 beg9 aga94 ,practice is ! ma9 ?+1 aft] a boy has got to und]/& 8 faults4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,,mann1 ,m4,a41 ,prec5tor ( ,bri/ol4 7#a47 ,i ?9k x almo/ impossible to rem$y ! evil y compla9 ( aft] ! boys h be5 accu/om$ to s+ upp] notes f ! *e/ = "s "t--say "o or two ye>s4 ,our practice "h is to secure boys betwe5 ! ages ( #i & #aa1 be=e !y h be5 s++ else:]e1 or c]ta9ly be=e !y h acquir$ any faulty tricks ( =c+ ! voice4 7#b47 ,9 tra9+ boys' voices nev] all[ !m to %\t4 ,if !y comm5ce s++ :5 "y !y may be taught by scale practice 7always s++ quietly7 to bridge ov] ! break :i* exi/s betwe5 ! *e/ & head voice4 ,?is is an art1 & requires exp]i5ce4 7#c47 ,speak+ g5]ally1 ,i %\ld say t judici\s scale practice is ! rem$y likely to be ( mo/ s]vice 9 ! case specifi$1 tea*+ boys1 by s++ quietly1 to glide ! *e/ voice into ! upp] regi/]4 ,i recomm5d ! syllable la z g5]ally be/ = ! purpose all ?r\gh ! scale4 ,boys %\ld keep _! tongues d[n1 op5 m\?s well1 s+ n ?r\gh tee?1 c4 c4 ,i f9d t boys acquire ! ca!dral /yle ( s++ 7) ! well-kn[n flute or bell-l tone7 *iefly by example4 ,9 s++ ) boys :o h already acquir$ x ! y\ng] ones cat* ! /yle1 j z birds are taught to s+ by tra9$ song/]s4 ,! untra9$ ru/ic c nev] naturally produce ?is tone1 b mu* may be done by 7#a7 c>eful scale practice2 7#b7 /rict en=cem5t ( a quiet easy /yle1 & rigid prohibition ( %\t+1 or =c+ ! voice2 7#c7 ! occasional example ( tra9$ s+]s4 ,rev4 ,c4 ,,hylton ,,/ew>t1 ,prec5tor ( ,*e/]4 ,! great ?+ is n to tra9 boys up ?r\gh break 9 ! voice1 b d[n ?r\gh x1 & s to coa* !m t ! break becomes imp]ceptible4 ,! top notes ought to be practis$ v s(tly until a good r\nd note is procur$4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 c seldom be done out ( a ca!dral1 z x requires con/ant att5tion4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,e4 ,,dickson1 ,prec5tor ( ,ely4 ,9 ?is ,ca!dral1 & ,i suppose 9 e o!r1 ! boys h at lea/ "o h\r ( daily practice "u ! mo/ fav\rable circum/ances ( quiet music-room & good pian(orte1 & an able tea*]4 ,! two ord]ly s]vices foll[ ) ! regul>ity ( a clock1 & 9 ^! ! voices ( ! boys are balanc$ & support$ by ^? ( adult s+]s--presumably1 good vocali/s4 ,i ?9k y w agree t no practical rules1 available by in/ructors ( village *oirs1 c be f\nd$ ^u arrangem5ts s f> beyond _! rea*4 ,to describe any ,me?od ( develop+ voices "u su* circum/ances w\ld be q delusive4 ,a life-long exp]i5ce 9 ! tra9+ ( p>i% *oirs w\ld lead me to say t ! be/ approa* to true voice production is made :5 a lady takes *>ge ( ! *oir1 & has ! boys to practise at h] own h\se4 ,to say t all in/ructors %\ld use unwe>i$ dilig5ce & unfail+ pati5ce & k9dness 9 ! attempt to get s(t s++1 is only to repeat a v trite rem>k4 ,9 s*ools1 ! mi/ake is (t5 made ( s++ almo/ all ! ex]cises 9 ! key ( ,c1 & comm5c+ all scales ) ! syllable ,d4 ,9 try+ c&idates = admission to ! *oir1 we con/antly f9d t !y h be5 accu/om$ to a scale ( #ac notes only 7"o octave7 up & d[n4 ,! scales %\ld beg9 on all or any ( ! notes--,d1 ,b,symbol3 natural1 ,gb1 c41 & ! peculi>ities ( ! int]vals %\ld be famili>ly expla9$4 ,a pamphlet might be writt54 ,b !re is no ,royal road4 ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,"y1 ,esq41 ,organi/ ( ,l9coln4 ,! prec5tor has =w>d$ y\r note to me4 ,9 answ] to y\r "q ask+ h[ to prev5t ! trebles 9 c\ntry *oirs f =c+ ! upp] notes1 ,i w\ld sugge/ t :5 practis+ ! *oir1 c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! trebles are nev] all[$ to s+ ev5 ! middle notes l\d1 only mf1 & !y %\ld be frequ5tly practis$ to s+ piano4 ,if ?is be att5d$ to1 x w1 9 a great measure1 prev5t ! =c+ ( ! voice on ! high] notes1 :i* %\ld nev] be practis$ o!rwise ?an s(tly4 ,c\ntry *oirs ne>ly always s+ twice z l\d z !y ought to d1 consequ5tly ! tone becomes h>% & grat+1 & !y inv>iably s+ ! upp] notes out ( tune4 ,i nev] all[ ! ,ca!dral *ori/]s to practise 9 a l\d tone ( voice1 yet _! voices are ri* & mell[1 & !re is nev] any want ( p[] :5 x is requir$4 ,any t5d5cy to =ce ! voice is *eck$ at once4 ,x w be f\nd v useful to practise ! trebles ) ! diatonic scale at a mod]ately quick pace1 tak+ c>e to s+ x smoo?ly & piano ?r\gh\t1 fir/ to ,,oo1 next to ,oh1 & f9ally to ,ah4 ,illu/ration3 ,decoration ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,pronunciation ,,9 ,,s++4 ,x is impossible to emphasise too /rongly ! importance ( cle> pronunciation 9 s++4 ,! ,engli%1 z a rule1 pron\nce indi/9ctly4 ,we c>ry on our talk1 says ,mr4 ,h4 ,deacon1 9 m]e smudges ( s\nd1 a graphic & true way ( putt+ ?+s4 ,! ,scot*1 ,wel%1 & ,am]icans pron\nce bett] ?an we d4 ,indi/9ctness & bad dialect arise1 r\ghly speak+1 f two s\rces--impure v[els & omitt$ consonants4 ,! impure v[els are g5]ally due to local habits ( spee*1 su* z ! ,london dialect1 :i* makes a col\rless mixture ( all ! v[els4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,scotl& also ! v[els are v impure4 ,! voice-tra9+ ex]cises giv5 else:]e are sev]al ( !m direct$ t[>ds ! production ( good v[el tone1 b ! dang] is le/ ! p[] ga9$ 9 ^! %\ld n be appli$ to ! actual words enc\nt]$ 9 psalm1 canticle1 an!m1 or hymn4 ,a s5t5ce conta9+ all ! v[els may be *ant$ repeat$ly on a monotone1 b aft] all ! be/ ex]cise consi/s 9 con/ant wat*fulness aga9/ mispronunciation 9 ! ord9>y weekly practice4 ,man1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,r4 ,g4 ,:ite1 may be def9$ z a consonant-us+ animal4 ,he alone ( all animals uses consonants4 ,! cries ( animals & ( infants are in>ticulate4 ,s is ! spee* ( a drunk5 man1 :o desc5ds1 vocally z well z 9 o!r ways1 to ! level ( ! bea/s4 ,?is idea has be5 express$ 9 ano!r way1 by say+ t v[els express ! emotional side ( spee*1 & consonants its intellectual side4 ,all ^! di/9ctions po9t to ! great importance ( a cle> enunciation ( initial & f9al consonants1 & a cle> sep>ation ( words4 ,a well-kn[n bi%op said to a c&idate = ord9ation1 ,be=e utt]+ a second ^w be sure t y h y\rself he>d ! fir/4 ,x is ( no use to give a li/ ( common errors1 because ea* "p ( ! c\ntry has its own bad po9ts ( dialect4 ,! *oirma/] %\ld take 8 /&>d ( ,engli% f ! be/ prea*] & read] he has ! *ance to he>1 & endeav\r to con=m 8 boys to x4 ,b localisms are n ! only faults4 ,boys are v apt to clip _! words 9 *ant+1 to omit ! small] p>ts ( spee* altoge!r1 & to inv5t new & mean+less s\nds ( _! own4 ,! mo/ famili> p>ts ( ! s]vice ne$ frequ5t & wat*ful rehe>sal to prev5t ?is t5d5cy4 ,*ant+1 z a rule1 is mu* too fa/1 & ! eag]ness ( ! boys mu/ be re/ra9$ 9 ?is direction4 ,9 ^? r>e cases :]e pronunciation & elocutional phras+ rea* a high pit* ( excell5ce1 ! music ( ! s]vice makes a d\ble appeal to ! he>t4 ,x be>s n only ! *>m ( sweet s\nds1 b ! eloqu5ce ( noble words4 ,illu/ration3 ,decoration ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,s++ ,,by ,,e> ,,& ,,by ,,note4 ,_m *oirma/]s ma9ta9 t1 consid]+ ! %ort musical life ( ! *oir-boy1 x is n wor? :ile to tea* him to s+ by note4 ,! quickness ( boys' e>s = music1 !y say1 is a/oni%+1 :ile _! memories are equally good4 ,betwe5 ! two faculties--e> & memory--we are told t all ?+s necess>y are suppli$4 ,! boys1 x is said1 don't l !ory1 & x saves "t & pati5ce n to h to tea* x to !m4 ,i am altoge!r at issue ) ?is view4 ,i believe !ory c be made int]e/+ to boys1 especially if ! ,tonic ,sol-fa sy/em is us$1 & t if !y are taught sight-s++ ! *oirma/] saves himself a va/ am\nt ( tr\ble4 ,! aft] musical do+s ( ! boys %\ld also be consid]$1 & :e!r !y become t5ors & basses1 or take to an in/rum5t1 ! p[] to read music w be a happ9ess ?r\gh _! :ole lives4 ,! lead+ an!ms1 s]vices1 & psalt]s are n[ publi%$ 9 ! ,tonic ,sol-fa notation1 s t boys :o h le>nt to s+ f ! lett]s at s*ool may quickly be put to s+ _! p>ts 9 ! *ur* *oir4 ,! late ,alfr$ ,/one1 ( ,bri/ol1 :o us$ ! ,tonic ,sol-fa notation = 8 *oir boys1 f\nd x a great "t-sav]4 ,s quickly 0 ! s]vice music got ?r\gh at ! weekly practice t !re 0 ne>ly an h\r to sp>e = s++ glees & gett+ up cantatas4 ,mr4 ,/one arrang$ 8 boys 9 two grades4 ,! upp] grade all held a ,tonic ,sol-fa c]tificate1 & !y receiv$ high] pay ?an ! l[] grade4 ,! result ( ?is arrangem5t 0 t ! l[] boys got ! upp] ones to tea* !m ,tonic ,sol-fa 9 _! playtime1 & ?us sav$ ! *oirma/] a great deal ( tr\ble4 ,a s]i\s disadvantage ( ! ord9>y way ( le>n+ to s+ f ! /aff notation is t practice usually beg9s 91 & is = sev]al mon?s conf9$ to key ,c4 ,= boys' voices ?is is ! mo/ try+ ( all ! keys--! "o mo/ likely to lead to bad habits 9 ! use ( ! regi/]s4 ,! keys = boys to beg9 9 are ,g & ,f1 :]e y c get a cad5ce ^u ! tonic 9 ! ?9 regi/]4 ,a ,g]man *oirma/]1 ^: *oir is greatly celebrat$1 has s5t me a little book ( ex]cises :i* he uses1 & ,i f9d t1 z 9 mo/ ,engli% publications ( a simil> k9d1 !re are pages ( ex]cises 9 key ,c1 be=e any o!r key is attempt$4 ,9 ,tonic ,sol-fa all keys are equally available f ! fir/4 ,i h _h a wide exp]i5ce ( boys taught on all sy/ems1 bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & abroad4 ,i h be5 pres5t1 by ! c\rtesy ( *oirma/]s1 at rehe>sals 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,& ,i h notic$ t boys taught by e>1 or taught ! /aff notation by ! fix$ d1 make mi/akes :i* boys tra9$ by ,tonic ,sol-fa & s++ f x1 or apply+ _! k ( x to ! /aff notation1 c\ld n make4 ,! class ( mi/ake ,i ref] to is t :i* confuses ! place ( ! semitones 9 ! scale4 ,a sight-s++ manual :i* ,i pick$ up ! o!r day says t ! :ole matt] ( s++ at sight lies 9 kn[+ :]e ! semitones come4 ,& f "o po9t ( view ?is is true1 b to ! ,tonic ,sol-fai/ ! semitones always come 9 ! same places1 i4e41 betwe5 me & fah1 & betwe5 te & doh4 ,he has only "o scale to le>n1 & z to modulation1 t is accompli%$ = him by 8 notation1 :ile ! "t m>ks1 sep>at+ & def9+ ! beats or pulses ( ! music1 make rhy?m vividly cle>4 ,if *oirma/]s wi% to save !mselves tr\ble1 & get confid5t attack & good intonation f _! boys1 !y %\ld tea* !m ! ,tonic ,sol-fa notation1 & let !m s+ f x always4 ,! /aff notation !y c easily le>n lat] on4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,flatt5+1 ,,& ,,s++ ,,out ,,( ,,tune4 ,! tra9] ( adult voices has con/antly be=e him ! problem ( mak+ 8 pupils s+ 9 tune4 ,) boys ?is matt] is less ( a tr\ble1 = ?is reason4 ,_m adults h f9e voices :i*1 if _! intonation c be improv$1 w d great ?+s4 ,o!rs h incurably bad voices1 b possess+ ! ambition & ! means = /udy+ s++1 !y come "u ! h&s ( ! pr(essor4 ,9 ! case ( boys1 h[ev]1 !re is a prelim9>y process ( selection by :i* ! tea*] rejects at ! outset any defective e>s & voices4 ,! tra9] ( boys *ooses 8 pupils2 adult /ud5ts ( s++1 z a rule1 *oose _! tea*]4 ,ev51 h[ev]1 :5 a good set ( boys has be5 *os5 & tra9$1 e *oirma/] is tr\bl$ f "t to "t by ! evils :i* ,i h nam$ at ! head ( ?is pap]4 ,:at are _! causes8 ,probably no cause is s fruitful z a misuse ( ! regi/]s ( ! voice1 a /ra9+ upw>ds ( ! l[] regi/] beyond its prop] limits4 ,?is may be plac$ 9 ! front z a p]petual cause ( bad intonation & loss ( pit*4 ,?is /ra9+ is usually accompani$ ) l\d s++1 b boys :o h =m$ ?is bad habit w n at once su/a9 ! pit* if told to s+ s(tly4 ,_! voices1 "u ^! circum/ances1 w at fir/ prove weak & husky1 & w flatt5 z mu* ) s(t s++ z !y did ) l\d4 ,a sl[ process ( voice tra9+ c alone set !m "r4 ,b z boys' voices la/ s %ort a "t ?is treatm5t is n wor? ! tr\ble4 ,boys :o h fall5 into ?or\ghly bad habits %\ld !re=e be dismiss$1 & a fre% selection made4 ,"s *oirma/]s imag9e t practice ) ! organ or ! pian(orte w cure flatt5+ & unc]ta9ty4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n ! case4 ,probably ! ef=t to keep up ! pit* :i* s+]s make :5 unaccompani$ keeps _! m9ds & ?roats t5se & active1 :ile ! consci\sness t ! in/rum5t is support+ !m makes !m c>eless4 ,an in/rum5t reveals loss ( pit*1 b does n cure x4 ,no good *oirma/] rehe>ses ) ! organ4 ,a pian(orte1 lightly t\*$1 is commonly us$1 b ! tea*] %\ld frequ5tly leave 8 seat1 & accu/om ! *oir to g on alone4 ,x is a mi/ake to suppose t boys flatt5 because ! music is too high4 ,?is is v r>ely ! case4 ,!y are m likely to flatt5 because x is too l[4 ,boys attack high notes ) great] ease ?an wom54 ,n]v\sness w cause a s+] :o has sung 9 p]fect tune at home to s+ %>p or flat at a conc]t4 ,b n]v\sness does n greatly tr\ble boys4 ,c>elessness w sometimes cause ^! tr\bles4 ,! way to cure ?is is to increase ! int]e/ ( ! rehe>sal1 to make ! boys feel bright1 happy1 & com=table4 ,to m>k ! brea?+ places is a good way ( prev5t+ flatt5+1 :i* is (t5 caus$ by exhau/$ lungs4 ,s++ is a m5tal z well z a physical act1 & unless ! boy has a cle> conception 9 8 m9d ( ! s\nd ( ! note he wants1 ! intonation w be unc]ta94 ,"h comes 9 ! ,tonic ,sol-fa sy/em ) its ,m5tal ,effects1 :i* give a recognisable "* to ea* note ( ! scale1 & guide ! voice & e>4 ,bad voice production1 ?roaty & rigid1 mu/ always g ) flatt5+ & wav]+ pit*4 ,! act ( s++ %\ld be )\t ef=t2 ! muscles ( head1 neck1 & ?roat %\ld be relax$4 ,a boy incl9$ to ^! faults %\ld be told to smile :ile s++4 ,! tone w !n become natural4 ,b 9 spite ( all ^! h9ts1 flatt5+ occurs f "t to "t 9 ! be/ tra9$ *oirs1 & seems to defy ! skill ( ! *oirma/]4 ,all agree t a half empty *ur*1 a cold *ur*1 an ill-v5tilat$ *ur* promotes flatt5+1 & x may be add$ t c]ta9 *ants & tunes s hov] ab\t ! region ( ! break t !y invite false intonation4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,a4 ,donald1 headma/] ( ! ,upton ,cross ,bo>d ,s*ool1 tells me t he has n mu* flatt5+1 b t :5 x comes x seems to be beyond control4 ,! discipl9e ( 8 s*ool is excell5t1 b on a giv5 day !re w come1 z x 71 a mood ov] ! boys :i* makes x impossible = !m1 try z !y w1 to avoid s9k+4 ,sometimes1 b n always1 ?is w happ5 9 w>m wea!r4 ,he has m ?an once ab&on$ ! s++ lesson1 & tak5 up "s o!r /udy because ( x4 ,"o day rec5tly ! boys 7 mo/ att5tive1 & _! vexation & disappo9tm5t ) ! flatt5+ 0 evid5t4 ,ano!r day x does n tr\ble !m 9 ! lea/4 ,?is is a s*ool :]e voice-tra9+ is exceptionally well look$ aft]4 ,sev]al correspond5ts h fav\r$ me ) exp]i5ce on ?is po9t1 & ,i n[ proce$ to quote _! lett]s4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,w4 ,pe>son1 ( ,elmham1 writes3-- ,ord9>y flat s++ is ! result ( want ( practice & exp]i5ce4 ,*ronic flat s++ is incurable1 z x is due to a defective e>4 ,a new lot ( *oir boys w be liable to s+ flat1 & to l[] _! pit* at any "t = ! fir/ ye> or s2 b aft] !y h be5 9 tra9+ = a consid]able "t1 ,i nev] f9d t !re is any incl9ation to s+ flat4 ,! notes mo/ liable to be sung flat are ! ?ird & six? ( ! scale1 or any high note t requires c\rage & increas$ ef=t4 ,"o ( ^!1 hav+ be5 sung flat1 is tak5 by ! s+]s z a new dep>ture1 & be+ us$ z a /&>d1 ! pit* is l[]$1 & all succe$+ notes are flat4 ,:5 ,i fir/ =m$ my pres5t *oir ,i 0 v mu* plagu$ ) flat s++1 b ,i am seldom tr\bl$ 9 t way n[1 & ,i ?9k ! reason is t a l>ge proportion ( ! memb]s h be5 "u tra9+ = a long "t4 ,i us$ to f9d flatt5+ prevail m 9 muggy1 damp1 or cold wea!r1 & 9 heat$ rooms4 ,i nev] all[$ ! *oir to g on 9 ?is way1 b /opp$ !m at once1 mak+ !m beg9 aga9 aft] s++ ! scale ( ! key a few times4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 ref]s to practice4 ,9 *ur* ,i us$ to play ! organ l\d] :5 ,i he>d ! pit* go+ d[n2 or ,i w\ld put on a p[]ful solo /op = ! melody1 & slightly prolong ! f9al note ( a cad5ce1 9 ord] t :5 ! *oir ceas$ s++ !y might he> ! diff]5ce4 ,:5 flatt5+ occurr$ 9 ! conc]t room ,i us$ to /op ! accompanim5t1 :i* is1 ,i ?9k1 ab\t all t c be done "u ^? circum/ances4 ,:5 ! *oir h be5 hopelessly bad 9 a hot practice room ,i h cur$ !m by br++ !m out into a cold room adjo9+4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,hibb]d1 ( ,bem]ton1 ,salisbury1 writes3-- ,to prev5t flatt5+ ,i give great att5tion to ! po/ure1 see+ t ! boys d n /& c>elessly4 ,a c>eless po/ure1 ,i ?9k1 betok5s a c>eless m9d4 ,i am c>eful n to ov]tire ! *ildr54 ,!y sit imm$iately "o piece is f9i%$1 & /& imm$iately ,i s\nd ! fir/ *ord ( ! next piece4 ,i always />t ! practice ) a few simple voice ex]cises4 ,:5 tra9+ ! *oir ( a place f> away 9 ! c\ntry1 ,i sp5t m "t ?an usual 9 giv+ e> ex]cises 7dictation71 z well z voice-tra9+ ex]cises4 ,i pay great att5tion to 'm5tal effect1' & endeav\r to let ea* boy or girl h a ,tonic ,sol-fa copy ( ! music4 ,! syllables recall ! m5tal effect to ! m9d4 ,!re %\ld be no unc]ta9ty z to ei!r "t or tune1 & bo? words & notes %\ld be attack$ or /ruck ) confid5ce4 ,i always practise scales d[nw>ds1 & h z little to d ) ! h>monium z possible at practice4 ,boy altos ,i r>ely come across4 ,i tri$ !m once1 b f\nd !y aid$ 9 flatt5+4 ,we h two m5 altos "h1 :o s+ 9 a falsetto voice4 ,! boys "h h a "n = s++ well 9 tune1 & !y are v will+ to d any?+ to keep up _! "*4 ,mr4 ,walt] ,brooks1 9 a pap] 9 ! ,mon?ly ,musical ,record1 expresses ! op9ion t ! #crd & #g? ( ! major scale are (t5 sung flat4 ,to cure ?is1 ea* boy mu/ tune up sep>ately1 !n all %\ld be tri$ toge!r4 ,m9or passages are (t5 sung flat4 ,loss ( pit* dur+ s]vice may1 he says1 be rem$i$1 n by l\d organ /ops1 b by play+ ! boys' "p an octave high]4 ,%>p s++1 :i* (t5 arises f naturally defective or badly-tra9$ e>s1 is cur$ be/ by *eck+ ^? :o c only s+ l\dly1 & by insi/+ on piano s++4 ,to put on m organ p[] makes ! l\d %>p s++ worse4 ,h]r ,egl+]1 ( ,basel1 ^: qualifications ,i h ref]r$ to else:]e1 consid]s t flatt5+ is g5]ally due to fatigue4 ,! membranes :i* produce ! voice are n yet /rong1 & !y relax1 produc+ flatt5+4 ,he works on ! pr9ciple t *ildr5 are quickly tir$1 & quickly re/$1 & gives ! s++ 9 small doses4 ,un=tunately1 9 *ur* "w ! l5g? ( ! dose is n a matt] ( *oice4 ,he notices1 :at o!rs h notic$1 t :5 ! voices are divid$ into ?ree p>ts1 x is ! middle "p t flatt5s mo/2 ?is is because x plays ab\t ! break4 ,to *oirma/]s ^: boys flatt51 ,h]r ,egl+] says3-- ,give re/2 require a prop] use ( ! regi/]s2 get %>p & exact pronunciation1 especially ( ! consonants2 & keep up ) a /rong h& ! att5tion & int]e/ ( ! *oir4 ,i close ?is *apt] by pr9t+ a %ort pap] on ! subject k9dly writt5 = me by ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,ri*>dson1 =m]ly tra9] ( ! celebrat$ ,swanley ,orphans' ,*oir1 :i* gave conc]ts 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,mr4 ,ri*>dson1 :ile he 0 at ,swanley1 obta9$ results ( ! mo/ rem>kable excell5ce4 ,at ,swanley !re 0 no selection ( voices3 all 7 made to s+1 & all 7 individually tra9$1 z well z collectively4 ,my conviction1 says ,mr4 ,ri*>dson1 is t !re are no m defective voices ?an !re are eyes & e>s4 ,! ,rev4 ,w4 ,j4 ,weekes1 late ,prec5tor ( ,ro*e/] ,ca!dral1 said ( ! ,swanley boys3-- ,! small] boys 7 fir/ te/$--"s ?irty or =ty little fell[s1 "s ( !m new arrivals4 ,"h ! tone1 ?\gh ( c\rse n /rong1 0 pure & sweet1 su* z w\ld h done cr$it to ca!dral boys aft] a c\ple ( ye>s' tra9+1 & !y 'jump$' _! int]vals mo/ cle>ly1 light+ z full & fairly on ! correct note z a bird does on a b\gh4 ,!nce we mov$ into ! l>g] s*oolroom1 :]e 7 assembl$ "s hundr$ old] boys1 & su* a body ( s\nd1 s full & pure1 s free f ?roat9ess1 & s true 9 intonation z ^! hundr$ ?roats emitt$1 ,i c]ta9ly nev] he>d f boys' voices be=e4 ,9 #ahhe ,i took ! late ,signor ,rob]ti1 tea*] ( s++ 9 ! ,normal ,college at ,tur91 & an ,italian compos] ( em95ce1 to he> ! ,swanley boys1 & he aft]w>ds wrote to ,mr4 ,ri*>dson3-- ,i d n exagg]ate 9 any way by say+ t ,i f\nd !re a true p]fection 9 tune & 9 rhy?m1 b above all1 9 :at conc]ns ! pure & correct emission ( voices1 ! c>eful & judici\s tra9+ ( :i* conf]s mu* hon\r ^u y1 & ,i w\ld be happy to see x ev5 p>tly imitat$ by ! tea*]s ( ! s-call$ ,l& ( ,song4 ,^! facts are en\gh to prove ! weight t atta*es to ,mr4 ,ri*>dson's utt]ances3-- ,my exp]i5ce has be5 t flatt5+ w give ! tea*] v little tr\ble aft] ! pupils h be5 drill$ ) voice-tra9+ ex]cises1 b until ! voices are built & /r5g!n$1 he w h unpleasant surprises ( all k9ds4 ,if he w\ld h a reliable *oir he mu/ beg91 cont9ue1 & end ) regul> voice tra9+ bas$ on an und5iably good sy/em4 ,f ! v outset ! pupil %\ld be taught to fe> flat s++ z a demon4 ,) my boys ,i 0 = ev] lay+ d[n ! self-evid5t tru?1 ',p c endure y\r s++ if x be tuneful1 ev5 ?\gh all o!r po9ts ( excell5ce are l[1 b no "o c put up ) y\r s++ out ( tune1 except z m>tyrs4' ,! cause ( flatt5+ is always lack ( culture4 ,9 ! *oirs ,i h tra9$ x has ceas$ to tr\ble me aft] a few mon?s4 ,! habit ( lett+ ! pit* drop fo/]s itself 9 a rem>kable mann]1 until at la/ ! e> ( ! p]=m] is p]fectly satisfi$ ) ! production ( a mon/rosity4 ,9 pro( ( ?is ,i w\ld m5tion a case :i* has come pa9fully "u my own notice4 ,a numb] ( boys kn[n to me h be5 9 ! daily habit ( s++ ! tune3-- ,illu/ration3 key ,eb43d m3f3r d3-3m s3-3l s3-3s d#a3-3t l3-s c4 & z !y h only _h a 'g z y please sy/em' to hold !m 91 !y n[ comm5ce flatt5+ at once ) a cresc5do :i* culm9ates 9 ! second l9e1 & creates ! effect3-- ,illu/ration33d m3f3r d3-3m s3-3l s3-3s #a;d#a3-3t l3-3s c4 ,! orig9al q gone1 !y q satisfi$6 ,! cause ( cont9u$ flat s++ is all[+ ! bad habit4 ,i am n1 ( c\rse1 deal+ ) exceptional cases ( natural inaptitude4 ,^! are r>e1 & ,i say ?is aft] hav+ _h "s ye>s ( exp]i5ce 9 te/+ individual voices4 ,i c\ld n[ ) v little difficulty "n ! few pupils ,i _h at ,swanley :o 7 naturally unable to s+ tunefully1 & ,i d\bt n t ne>ly all my old s*ol>s c\ld d ! same4 ,!y 7 9 reality exceptions1 numb]+1 dur+ ! :ole ( ! "t ,i 0 ) !m1 n m ?an half-a-doz54 ,!re is "o /age 9 ! voice tra9+ :]e ! tea*] f9ds 8 pupils 7boys ,i am speak+ (1 my exp]i5ce ) adults n hav+ be5 s ext5sive7 habitually %>p54 ,9 my own neighb\rhood a tea*] :o has comm5c$ to prop]ly tra9 8 boys to s+1 9 a conv]sation he _h ) me told me ( ?is1 to him1 unexpect$ difficulty4 ,to get good intonation 9 "p-s++1 ,i f\nd ! s++ ( *ords a great help4 ,! class %\ld be divid$ rapidly1 & "o note ( ! *ord assign$ to ea* section4 ,!n x %\ld be sung s(tly4 ,?is %\ld be repeat$ ) o!r *ords1 & foll[$ by easy phrases4 ,voices d n at once bl5d1 & until !y d ! s++ %\ld be nev] l\d4 ,i look ^u ! e>li] "w z t5tative--a feel+ = ! beauty ( p]fection ( pit*1 tunefulness1 & intonation4 ,a practice to be condemn$ is t ( le>n+ ! p>ts ( a tune sep>ately1 & !n br++ !m toge!r4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 places :]e x is absolutely necess>y to give special att5tion to exceptional passages1 b x is a mi/ake to tea* ea* "p z ?\gh x 7 an indep5d5t tune--to give ! direction1 :i* ,i h (t5 he>d1 ',n[ s+ y\r "p1 & nev] m9d :at ! o!rs are do+1' or ',don't y li/5 to any o!r "p4' ,?is sy/em is answ]able = ! mo/ (f5d+ cases ( want ( tunefulness1 9 :i* "o "p w s+ on ) ! greate/ ( satisfaction 9 a key a semitone f t 9 :i* ! "p above or bel[ is mov+4 ,! e> %\ld be prep>$ by a symphony1 or by ?9k+ ( ! key be=e a piece is comm5c$4 ,my own practice has be5 to wait aft] giv+ ! key-note = ! pupils to d ?is4 ,i h rec5tly come across a me?od ( all[+ ! pupils to f9d ! tonic ( a song ab\t to be sung1 :i* 9 n9e cases out ( t5 w make ! op5+ z 're/less' z ! sea waves4 ,! tea*] /rikes ! ,c =k1 & ! tonic be+ ,f1 all ! pupils s+ ,c'1 ,b1 ,a1 ,g1 ,f--doh4 ,! ,c'1 ,b1 ,a1 ,g1 ,f is1 ,i ?9k1 z likely to unsettle ! e> z any?+ t c\ld be imag9$4 ,! tea*] %\ld give ! key-note4 ,he may tea* 8 pupils to use ! =k if he w1 b n 9 a way s exquisitely calculat$ to unsettle ! e> :5 x %\ld be /rongly decid$4 ,) reg>d to ,regi/]s1 ,i d n "k :e!r ! nom5clature ,i employ$ ) my ,swanley *oir w be comm5d$ by y1 b z x 0 successful ,i w describe x4 ,! regi/]s we call$1 p]haps inelegantly1 ',top1' ',middle1' & ',bottom1' ^! t]ms be+ h&i] ?an ,upp] ,?91 ,l[] ,?91 & ,upp] ,?ick4 ,! e>lie/ ex]cises 7 9 ! ,top ,regi/]--t is1 ! ,upp] ,?94 ,boys untra9$ are1 tak5 9 bulk1 unconsci\s ( ! ,?9 ,regi/]4 ,hav+ got !m to s+1 say ,c to koo1 ,i h foll[$ x by s++ to ! same syllable ! tune3-- ,illu/ration3 ,,key ,ab m3m f3f s3--m3-- c4 7',n[ ! day is ov]1'--,a4 ,m471 & ! delight has be5 int5se :5 ! pupils h ?us discov]$ h[ cle>ly & sweetly !y c\ld s+4 ,:5 ?is is done great possibilities seem to op51 & ! pupil is on ! road to p]fection4 ,bb & ,eb ,i f\nd mo/ conv5i5t = *ange4 ,! ,small ,regi/] mu/ h be5 us$1 z my lads sang up to ,c#b ) ! greate/ ease & f9i%1 ?\gh "o ( our =emo/ tea*]s1 9 a conf]5ce ,i _h ) him on ! subject1 said he w\ld /ake 8 reputation t ! small regi/] 0 n employ$ by !m4 ,x receiv$ no "n 9 our practices aft] t au?oritative /atem5t1 & ev] aft]w>ds ,i 0 9 dread ( be+ call$ ov] ! coals = all[+ ! ,top regi/] to get too high4 ,boy altos c be made to s+ )\t flatt5+1 ?\gh !y inv>iably give m tr\ble ?an trebles on acc\nt ( _! will+ness to let ! l[] regi/] ov]lap ! "o above--to =ce upw>d4 ,!y %\ld practise ) ! trebles su* ex]cises z3-- ,illu/ration3 ,,key ,eb s f m r d s z to /r5g!n ?is "p ( ! voice1 :i* may be t]m$ _! flatt5+ field4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,on ,,! ,,tra9+ ,,( ,,boys' ,,voices4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,ri*>dson1 ,=m]ly ,conductor ( ! ,swanley ,orphanage ,*oir4,a ,a ,mr4 ,ri*>dson has respond$ to my reque/ = h9ts ) su* fulness & weight t ,i devote a sep>ate *apt] to 8 essay4 ,9 writ+1 he has specially _h 9 view ! difficulties ( *oir tra9]s 9 rural di/ricts4 ,all t a writ] on ! tra9+ ( voices c d is to lay d[n g5]al l9es1 & give compreh5sive sugge/ions4 ,! tea*]1 to make any use ( !m mu/ be inde$ a tea*]1 n a m]e me*anically automatic individual ( only suffici5t calibre to take ! directions ( a writ]1 & give !m aga94 ,he %\ld be bo? en?usia/ic 9 8 "w1 & will+ to sp5d 8 /r5g? 9 pati5ce if he w\ld h a *oir ( boys to s+ reliably well4 ,x is ( ! greate/ importance t "w %\ld be set out on "r l9es1 & t a ?\ghtfully prep>$ s*eme %\ld be arrang$ be=e comm5c+4 ,i w\ld "h give my exp]i5ce ( two *oirs ,i _h at diff]5t times 9 agricultural di/ricts1 & 9 "o ( !m ,i 0 well satisfi$ ) ! progress we made1 :ile 9 ! o!r my "w 0 completely ?r[n away4 ,! reason = ! failure 9 ! second in/ance 7:i* ,i =esaw f ! outset7 w be ga!r$ f ! foll[+ acc\nt ( our plan ( campaign4 ,! *oir 0 a village "o :i* met = rehe>sal once a week4 ,! organi/ att5d$ & presid$ at a h>monium1 &1 nol5s vol5s1 ,i _h at ! beg9n+ ( ea* practice to take ! *oir ?r\gh ! :ole ( ! next ,sunday's s]vices4 ,! boys' voices 71 at ! beg9n+ ( my connection1 uncivilis$1 & at ! end ( x--=tunately ! "q ( ways & means n all[+ ! int]val to ext5d beyond a few mon?s--7 z b>b>\s z at ! comm5cem5t4 ,!re 0 absolutely no *ance ( mak+ a "n ?r\gh ^! y\ng/]s2 & z to voice culture6 ,h[ c\ld x be possible to attempt x aft] lab\r+ ?r\gh su* a programme z ,canticles1 ,hymns1 ,psalms1 ,kyrie1 & ,am5s8 ,i det]m9$ nev] to take (fice aga9 unless ,i c\ld h my own way 9 fix+ ! "t-table ( "w4 ,my success 9 ! o!r case 0 ow+ greatly to ! fact t ,i _h "o night a week entirely devot$ to musical tra9+ & voice culture4 ,?is did n preclude u f reliev+ ! drudg]y ( "w by ! s++ ( songs & hymns1 b x all[$ me ! use ( an unfett]$ judgm5t 9 ! *oice ( :at %\ld be attempt$4 ,a tea*] is heavily h&icapp$ if aft] gett+ 8 boys = ! fir/ "t to s+ 9 ! upp] ?9 regi/]1 he is to foll[ 8 delicate "w by s++ half-a-doz5 v]ses to a tune :i* w 9 ! v fir/ v]se undo all t he has done1 simply because its melodic progression enc\rages =c+4 ,exp]i5c$ tea*]s w appreciate :at ,i say on ?is po9t4 ,take su* a tune z3-- ,illu/ration3 c4 ,,key ,eb4 m3f s3l t3d#a s3f c4 --a tune :i* inevitably causes a wrong use ( ! regi/]s by inexp]i5c$ boys4 ,! tunes select$ %\ld fur!r ! "w ( ! ex]cises1 n undo x1 & ) dilig5ce ! tea*] c f9d suitable tunes & *ants = ?is purpose4 ,my advice to all tea*]s is t be=e comm5c+ "w !y %\ld insi/ ^u conditions t d n preclude success1 & t !y %\ld n sp5d _! lab\r 9 we>y+ drudg]y ) ! full consci\sness t to atta9 x is impossible4 ,"o sugge/ion ,i w\ld make is t ! *oirma/]1 if he be n1 z is (t5 ! case 9 villages1 also s*oolma/]1 w\ld d well to enli/ ! s]vices ( ! s*ool tea*]s 9 ! village4 ,x is n (t5 practicable to h m ?an "o--or two at ! mo/--meet+s ( a *oir dur+ ! week1 & ! l5g? ( ! lesson mu/ be1 9 consequ5ce1 at lea/ an h\r4 ,= voice tra9+ 9 ! e>li] /ages six lessons a week ( fifte5 m9utes ea* are pref]able to "o ( an h\r & a half1 & !re=e ,i w\ld urge ! necessity ( gett+ hold ( ! sympa?ies ( ! s*ool tea*]1 & putt+ him on "r l9es to "w out ! *oirma/]'s ideas1 if ! (fices be n unit$4 ,voice "w %\ld be begun 9 ! infant s*ool4 ,at ,swanley x 0 my practice to give1 ,i believe1 daily lessons 9 ! ,infant ,dep>tm5t1 & ! rem>ks made by visitors w be> out :at ,i am ab\t to say z to ! possibility ( gett+ "y *ildr5 to s+1 & s+ l little angels4 ,i 0 always z pleas$ to exhibit my infants' vocal p[]s z to %[ ^? ( my m advanc$ boys1 & success 01 comp>atively speak+1 m easily ga9$ ) !m ?an ) old] boys1 = inasmu* z ! difficulty ( regi/]s & breaks does n exi/ z su* ) ^! t9y ones1 & unless our plans be artificial or =m$ ( caprice1 ?is is :at %\ld be expect$4 ,9 ! infant s*ool ! tea*] c take hold ( ! good t is innate1 & m\ld x2 9 ! high] s*ool he has to sp5d h\rs & h\rs eradicat+ ! bad habits :i* %\t+ & untam$ lic5se h all[$ to gr[4 ,by all means beg9 ) ! infants1 & let _! songs & nurs]y rhymes be writt5 s z to give !m a *ance4 ,b ,i am ask$ to say some?+ t may be helpful to ! *oirma/] hav+ to tra9 ! vocal organs ( boys :o are beyond infantile me?ods4 ,i w !re=e suppose myself = ! fir/ "t be=e an ord9>y c\ntry gr\p ( lads ) all ! vocal faults t n[ appe> indig5\s to ! locality4 ,i %\ld fir/ get !m to f9d ! ,upp] ,?9 ,regi/]1 & my plan is to conf9e ! "w to ?is region ,illu/ration3 musical notation & get ! boys to s+ koo to ,d1 ,e1 or ,f1 mak+ my own ,ex]cises1 :i* are sugge/$ by pres5t circum/ances3-- ,illu/ration3 ,koo koo koo koo koo koo koo koo koo koo ,,key ,db4 d#a m#a m#a d#a m#a r#a d#a d#a r#a m#a ,koo koo koo koo koo koo koo koo koo koo ,,key ,d4 d#a r#a d#a l t d#a d#a t r#a d#a ,koo koo koo koo koo koo koo koo koo ,,key ,eb4 d#a r#a t d#a r#a d#a l s d#a ,koo koo koo koo koo koo koo koo koo koo ,,key ,bb4 s f m r d s m s s s ,z at ?is /age ! boys "k no?+ ( ! diatonic scale1 ,i let !m imitate4 ,! ex]cises may be play$ on a pian(orte1 if ! tea*] _c s+ !m1 ?\gh 9 ! latt] case x is pref]able t he %\ld adopt ! plan ( select+ 8 be/ pupils = ! models4 ,i once _h to comm5ce ) "s uncultur$ boys1 & kn[+ ! difficulty ( gett+ !m to make a />t1 took ) me a few ( my own tra9$ lads1 :o sang ! ex]cises fir/1 aft] :i* ,i add$ "o or two ( ! beg9n]s to !m1 & sympa!tically !y soon sang 9 ! prop] regi/] ) ! o!rs4 ,by cont9u+ ! process ( addition gradually ,i soon got ! :ole class to s+ z ,i wi%$4 ,at ?is fir/ lesson ! prop] production ( oo 7v[el7 %\ld be obta9$4 ,i deal ) ! v[els z !y arise1 nev] obs]v+ a lack ( cle>ness & purity )\t endeav\r+ to correct x4 ,! =ego+ ex]cises c next be us$ = tea*+ ! int]vals ( ! diatonic scale1 = in/ance3-- ,illu/ration3 ,,key ,f4 d#a3-- s3-- s3-- d#a3-- call+ ! notes by _! names1 doh soh4 ,"h1 aga91 ! prop] v[el production mu/ be s\ght =1 & obta9$4 ,! difficulties w be v>i$ 9 ?is respect ) ! locality4 ,(t5 ,i h met ) doh-oo4 ,?is1 z well z ray-ee1 & o!r faults t ne$ n be specifi$1 c be correct$ at once4 ,! beautiful intonation we _h at ,swanley ,i attribute 9 a l>ge measure to ! c>e be/[$ on ! production ( v[el s\nds4 ,!re mu/ be no division ( op9ion among ! s+]s z to h[ any p>ticul> v[el s\nd %\ld be emitt$4 ,if !re be n unity 9 ?is respect ! intonation suff]s4 ,! e>li] ex]cises %\ld be sung 9 unison1 a correct division into #a/1 #bnd1 & #crd trebles be+ impossible until ! boys h acquir$ suffici5t confid5ce to %[ :at !y are naturally4 ,i h = a long "t us$ ) advantage ! s+le *ant =m = ex]cises1 mak+ !m myself4 ,illu/ration3 ,,key ,f4 d#a3-l3t d#a3-;d#a3-t3#a s3t d#a3- ,9 ord] to avoid wa/e ( "t 9 le>n+ ex]cises !y %\ld be %ort1 s t !y c be caught up at once4 ,to get boys to s+ 9 ! regi/] bel[ 7! ,l[] ,?97 is ! next /ep1 ! ex]cises n[ be+ conf9$ betwe5 ,illu/ration3 musical notation & =m$ 9 ! same way z ^? 9 ! high] region4 ,! difficulty is great] 9 gett+ r\gh boys to use ?is "p ( ! vocal score correctly4 ,! be/ way ,i h f\nd to get !m to discov] x1 is to s+ ,illu/ration3 ,,key ,f4 s f m r d--beg9n+ at ,c#a1 to koo4 ,! notes are at fir/ weak1 & !re is a t5d5cy to squork1 if ,i may s t]m x4 ,^! ex]cises mu/ be sung s(tly at fir/1 & at ?is /age ! s*oolma/] c r5d] valuable help if he w get 8 boys to read f _! lesson books 9 ?is regi/] in/ead ( 9 ! "o bel[ x4 ,i h to ackn[l$ge a debt ( gratitude to "o ( our be/ & mo/ pa9/ak+ tea*]s = giv+ me ?is h9t4 ,! read+ w at fir/ be weak1 & 9 a monotone1 & !re be+ no flexibility1 ! boys w h difficulty 9 =m+ ! usual cad5ce at ! end ( s5t5ces1 b practice w soon /r5g!n ! weakness1 & make ?is regi/] z /rong z ! "o bel[ x4 ,betwe5 ! "o above & ! "o bel[1 ?is middle "o is apt to be ov]look$ altoge!r1 & ,i h he>d "s fairly pleas+ s++ :]e x has n be5 recognis$ at all4 ,! ?ird regi/] 7,upp] ,?ick7 %\ld n[ receive att5tion1 & 9 ord] to f9d x ! pupils %\ld cultivate x upw>ds ) su* ex]cises z-- ,illu/ration3 c4 ,,key ,ab4 d#a r#a d#a d#a r#a m#a c4 ,koo koo koo koo koo koo ,)9 ! limits ( a %ort pap]1 x is impossible to give m fully all ! ne$ful directions = tra9+ ! voices to cov] up breaks1 & to *ange f "o regi/] to ano!r4 ,suitable tunes %\ld n[ be select$1 s t ! aim ( ! ex]cises may be ext5d$4 ,rememb] t x is easie/ to leap f "o regi/] to a high]1 a /epwise asc5t be+ an insidi\s sn>e4 ,koo & aft]w>ds laa su* tunes z3-- ,illu/ration3 ,,key ,c4 s3m d#a3s m#a3-4r#a;d#a3s l3l s3d#a s3f m3- ,,key ,eb4 m3r f3m r3-m3-l3s t3d#a s3-f3- m3r f3m r3-l3-d#a3s m3r d3--3- ,_m ready-made ex]cises are to be f\nd 9 any *ant book1 :i* c be us$ to /r5g!n ! voice & build x4 ,= voice ex]cise ,i l a high recit+ note at ! beg9n+1 ,d#a1 ,c#a1 ,eb#a1 z by ?is we ensure gett+ ! "r regi/] = ! high notes1 :i* w be a matt] ( d\bt = "s "t if ! "q ( suitability ( melody be left out ( calculation4 ,i /rongly recomm5d ! use ( ! "t names4 ,= "s ye>s ,i 0 prejudic$ aga9/ !m1 b aft] try+ !m1 believe !m to be ( ! greate/ value4 ,! tea*] %\ld give manual signs = 8 %ort ex]cises4 ,"t is wa/$ unnecess>ily if ! tea*] has to turn & write on ! bo>d4 ,! objection to work+ ?r\gh a book1 only us+ prescrib$ ex]cises1 is *iefly ?is--no book writ] c provide = all ! p]mutations & comb9ations t may arise dur+ ! actual "w ( tea*+2 x is impossible = him to anticipate !m4 ,?is does n 9 ! lea/ detract f ! value ( ! book1 :i* mu/ be ! be/ g5]al guide = by f> ! l>g] "p ( our tea*]s4 ,i h ref]r$ to ! tea*+ ( v[el s\nds1 & w\ld say a ^w ab\t consonants4 ,my practice has be5 to gu>d aga9/ giv+ undue prom95ce to any individual lett]1 & to enc\rage always a simple unaffect$ utt]ance 9 s++4 ,roll+ r's is v well1 b to prec$e ! v[el ) a s\nd n unlike ! noise caus$ by spr++ a police rattle is nei!r arti/ic nor pleas+4 ,my cu/om 0 to fir/ let ! pupils s+ a v[el1 say aa1 & require x to be held on z long z my h& 0 /ill4 ,a %>p movem5t ( ! h& direct$ :5 ! consonant %\ld appe>1 z aa--t1 c41 ! appe>ance & disappe>ance be+ z close toge!r z possible4 ,x is a difficulty ) beg9n]s to s+ su* words z night1 bright1 c41 hold+ on ! middle "p1 or v[el4 ,i demon/rat$ t ! s+] has no?+ left to s+ aft] hav+ too soon dispos$ ( ! v[el4 ,i also gave ex]cises 9 prefix+ a consonant to a v[el4 ,o!r po9ts ( detail w arise1 su* z 9 ! ^w s+4 ,! habit "h is to make ! ng s\nd ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ! durance ( ! s++ ( ! ^w4 ,by analys+1 & %[+ by copy+ ! bad model1 ! tea*] w conv9ce ! pupil t ng held on is unpleasant4 ,9 s++ laa1 laa1 laa1 c41 at fir/ pupils l[] & raise ! jaw4 ,?is %\ld be at once /opp$4 ,b x is impossible to anticipate e difficulty t w arise "u ?is head4 ,i h said en\gh to indicate g5]ally my me?od4 ,i d n propose to ent] into ! "q ( brea?+4 ,"o ?+ ,i w\ld say--d n try pupils by requir+ !m to s+ long notes at fir/1 b d get !m at ! beg9n+ to phrase to y\r patt]n4 ,?is w f ! fir/ get ! w to control ! brea? tak+4 ,by all means introduce c]tificates4 ,by ! exam9ation ( individuals1 ! tea*] w get tru] k ( 8 le>n]s' p[]s1 & w be enabl$ to give advice ( great] value because ( its assur$ ne$4 ,let ! exam9ation be 9 public--be=e ! o!r pupils--& s help to beget confid5ce 9 ! pupil1 )\t :i* success w be limit$4 ,! tea*] %\ld nev] d any?+ to de/roy ! confid5ce ( 8 pupils1 ?\gh ,i am b\nd to admit t ,i h n always be5 free f irritability & impati5ce 9 my deal+s ) pupils4 ,! "w is try+1 ! n]ves ( a tea*] ( s++ are ?r\gh\t highly /rung1 & v little cause is necess>y to upset 8 equilibrium4 ,he %\ld !re=e be ev] on 8 gu>d to *eck any t5d5cy to %[ impati5ce4 ,nev] get a pupil to s+ alone = ! sake ( %[+ 8 defects to o!rs4 ,no "o c s+ :o does n possess a s5se ( 8 p[] to d s4 ,!re %\ld be enc\rag$ an ab&on sort ( mann]4 ,a g5tleman once said to me1 ,i see h[ y make y\r boys s+2 y tell !m !y c d x1 & t makes !m d x4 ,! rigid wat*+ ( ! beat ( ! conductor %\ld n be too closely insi/$ on4 ,no ma*9e-l s++ %\ld satisfy1 ev5 ?\gh x be correct4 ,! correctness ( a great pa9t]'s production is n ev]y?+1 & nei!r is x ) ! s+]4 ,!re %\ld an atmosph]e ( ! lib]ty ( fre$om4 ,at ,swanley my "w 0 less5$ by ! int]e/ t all my colleagues took 9 x4 ,a moral =ce 0 con/antly br\ght to be> on ! boys1 :i* made !m "w ) a w & a det]m9ation to excel4 ,_! success 0 ! same 9 o!r dep>tm5ts ( "w1 ?\gh n s prom95tly plac$4 ,! music tea*] :o has 9 himself ! p[] to draw out ! lat5t feel+ ( 8 pupils is ! "o :o w be/ succe$4 ,i w\ld draw my rem>ks to a close ) ?is advice3--,make y\r *oir z l>ge z possible4 ,take all :o w come into x1 & d n g ?r\gh ! =m ( try+ voices t h nev] tri$ !mselves1 & ( :i* y c =m no op9ion4 ,= adults ?is is a necessity1 b = *ildr5 x is bett] to get "o or two p] c5t4 ( naturally defective le>n]s1 r ?an to turn away all b ^? %[+ und\bt$ly exceptional ability4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,! ,,special ,,difficulties ,,( ,,agricultural ,,di/ricts4 ,my object is to help ^? ^: difficulties are greate/2 :o1 s f> f be+ able to pick out boys ( musical tal5t & f9e voice1 are oblig$ to accept ! mat]ial t (f]s1 (t5 ( ! poore/ musical description4 ,! c\ntry boy is a m heal?y animal ?an 8 bro!r ( ! t[n1 & !re is no fault to be f\nd ) ! natural volume ( 8 voice provid$ he c be taught to place 8 regi/]s rightly1 to avoid /ra9+ ! ?ick or *e/ regi/]1 to pron\nce & phrase prop]ly4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 :at ! ,am]icans call a l>ge ord]4 ,i h be5 =tunate 9 collect+ in=mation f sev]al *oirma/]s 9 agricultural di/ricts1 :o h conqu]$ ! difficulties ( ?is task4 ,fir/1 ,i quote ,mr4 ,w4 ,crit*ley1 *oirma/] & s*oolma/] at ,hur/1 ne> ,read+3-- ,! rural *oir-boy diff]s some:at f 8 bre?r5 ( ! t[n 9 ! foll[+ p>ticul>s4 ,z a rule1 he is dull]1 & sl[] 9 8 p]ception2 he is att5tive & docile1 b sluggi%2 he reta9s :at he is taught1 & !re=e1 z f> z m]e k & memory are conc]n$1 x 'pays' to take him 9 h&4 ,8 voice is /rong1 b r\gh1 & ?is undiscipl9$ /r5g? is ! cause ( mo/ ( ! tr\ble he gives4 ,moreov]1 he is expos$ to ! wea!r v l>gely1 & ?is causes him to be m influ5c$ by atmosph]ic *anges ?an ! t[n boy1 & prev5ts1 9 a great measure1 any great delicacy ( f9i% f be+ obta9$4 ,s x w be se5 t ! c\ntry *oir-boy requires special treatm5t 9 ord] to produce good results4 ,sometimes1 :5 a village lies compactly toge!r1 a l>ge am\nt ( "w c be got ?r\gh simil> to t :i* we f9d 9 t[ns1 b g5]ally ! rural di/rict is wide & scatt]$1 & only a limit$ numb] ( practices c be secur$4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 ,i h f\nd ! be/ c\rse to pursue to be some:at z foll[s3--,fir/ & =emo/1 let ! ,tonic ,sol-fa sy/em be taught1 x light5s ! "w ( ! *oirma/] 9 a wond]ful degree1 & ! boys br+ an intellig5ce to _! "w :i* is unatta9able by any o!r means4 ,if ! sy/em has n be5 taught 9 ! day s*ool ( ! p>i%1 x %\ld be introduc$ at once2 if t is n practicable1 ! *oir-boys %\ld be taught at a second practice-night4 ,?is second practice is requir$ 9 any case1 if any?+ bett] ?an m]e 'scrat*' s++ be aim$ at4 ,all practices %\ld be begun by voice ex]cises4 ,on ! extra night a great] am\nt ( "t %\ld be tak5 up ) !m1 = to a c\ntry *oir-boy1 :o p]haps 9 ! day is %\t+ to sc>e birds1 !y are vital4 ,! l[] regi/] ( a c\ntry boy is1 z a rule1 co>se1 s x is important to get him to use 8 high] regi/] z soon z possible4 ,%[ him fir/ ( all t he has1 z x 71 two voices1 & po9t out t he is requir$1 z ,mr4 ,evans obs]ves1 to use t voice :i* is mo/ l a girl's4 ,he w be apt = "s "t to use ?is voice 9 ! upp] notes ( ! music only1 & !re w be a disagreeable transition to ! l[] regi/] :5 ! music comes d[n on ,g1 or !reab\ts4 ,to conqu] ?is1 ,i use ex]cises :i* tra9 ! upp] regi/] d[nw>ds1 su* z3-- ,illu/ration3 ,,keys ,a to ,f4 d m s m d r 74d 74t#a 74l#a ! object be+ to /r5g!n ! upp] regi/]1 &1 except :]e ! music t\*es ,d or ,c1 ,illu/ration3 musical notation to practically '%elve' ! l[] ?ick regi/] 9 ! case ( treble voices4 ,9 tra9+ upw>ds ,i insi/ on easy s++1 no /ra9+4 ,i don't mean apa!tic s++1 = ?is is especially to be f\ght aga9/ 9 ! case ( c\ntry boys1 z !re is naturally a want ( 'g' ab\t !m4 ,i mean s(t s++1 b en]getic4 ,i tell ! boys to s+ l birds1 & !y g5]ally und]/& f ?is t !y are to use ! upp] regi/]4 ,i d n f9d mu* difficulty ) !m 9 ! way ( flatt5+4 ,except 9 ! case ( ! y\ng] boys1 ,i (t5 he> !m a little %>p4 ,! ,tonic ,sol-fa me?od tra9s _! e>s1 & ,i get !m to li/51 & bl5d _! voices2 above all1 to get rid ( apa?y4 ,& if !re %\ld be a t5d5cy ) ! y\ng] boys to s+ flat1 ,i g5]ally f9d t ! application ( ! old rules z to position1 l\d s++1 =c+ ! voice1 faulty brea?+1 & inatt5tion w rem$y ! fault4 ,if x occurs 9 *ur*1 a judici\s use ( a f\r-foot /op on ! organ (t5 keeps up ! pit*4 ,i f9d1 if ! melody ( a *ant or tune has a great _m ( ! '?irds' ( ! *ords 9 x 7,i mean z di/9ct f ! fif?1 root1 c47 x is (t5 difficult1 especially on a foggy morn+1 to keep x 9 tune1 e4g43-- ,illu/ration3 ,,key ,g4 74m m3r m3-- 74m r3d r3r m3-- or1 ,,key ,g4 74m f3m re3-- 74m r3d t#a3r d3-- or1 ,,key ,f4 74m f3l s3-- 74s d#a3m r3f m3-- ,?is is ! case 9 a m>k$ degree :5 ! recit+ tone comes ab\t ! natural 'break' ( ! voice4 ,! rem$y = ?is ,i f9d to be transition into ano!r key1 "o :i* ,i judge to be m cong5ial to ! /ate ( ! boys' voices4 ,"h is :]e ! usefulness ( ! ,tonic ,sol-fa sy/em to an organi/ comes 94 ,a lot ( practice 9 m5tal effects has a surpris+ result 9 e> tra9+4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 we get a cl]gyman :o intones badly1 & !n x is q a /ruggle to keep 9 tune4 ,!re are a numb] ( o!r little po9ts :i* tell aga9/ correct s++ 9 a c\ntry *oir2 ! g5]ally ?ick enunciation1 ! prov9cialism1 ! difficulty 9 gett+ op5 m\?s4 ,i d a lot ( read+ by patt]n1 & pay att5tion to initial & f9al consonants4 ,c\ntry boys neglect ^! m ?an t[n boys4 ,i practise )\t organ z mu* z ,i c4 ,if an in/rum5t is us$1 ! piano is decid$ly ! be/4 ,i f9d ,gregorian s++ has a /rong t5d5cy to injure purity ( tone & delicacy ( expression4 ,i d z little ( x z possible4 ,on ! second *oir practice night ,i spoke (1 x is c]ta9ly good to take up glee practice1 or a simple cantata4 ,x su/a9s ! int]e/1 & makes ! *oir a bond ( union 9 a c\ntry village4 99 99 99 99 99 ,n long ago ,i f\nd myself by *ance wor%ipp+ 9 a remote village 9 ,ea/ ,som]set1 ,*ur*ill by "n4 ,!re 01 9 ! p>i% *ur*1 a *oir ( six boys & f\r probation]s1 :o sang s sl[ly & sweetly1 n ) ! lusci\s fulness ( "s boys ,i h he>d1 b ) su* uncommonly good /yle = agricultural boys1 t ,i 0 mu* int]e/$4 ,^! small villages h1 f ! pres5t po9t ( view1 "o advantage4 ,! day s*ools are mix$ 7conta9+ boys & girls71 & ! tea*] is a lady4 ,bo? ^! influ5ces t5d to ! s(t5+ ( ! boy's voice4 ,miss ,demack1 ! s*ool-& *oir-mi/ress at ,*ur*ill1 has k9dly writt5 a few notes on ! subject ( h] "w1 9 :i* %e says3-- ,i c]ta9ly ?9k t ! girls' voices s(t5 ! boys'4 ,i admit probation]s at ! e>ly age ( six if ,i f9d !y h any voice1 z ,i ?9k ! e>li] ! bett]4 ,:5 ,i took my boys 9 h&1 ,i f\nd scale ex]cises v useful4 ,i did n tea* !m any tunes until ,i _h some:at alt]$ _! r\gh voices4 ,ano!r help 0 ?is3 ,i _h a girl ) a p>ticul>ly good voice1 & made ! boys imitate h] z mu* z possible4 ,?is ,i f\nd answ]$ rem>kably well4 ,! boys seem$ to adopt q a diff]5t tone4 ,miss ,demack tea*es s++ 9 ! s*ool & *oir by e> only1 & kn[s no?+ ( ! ,tonic ,sol-fa sy/em4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i next give a %ort pap] k9dly s5t me by ,mr4 ,george ,p>b]y1 *oirma/] ( ! p>i% *ur*1 & ma/] ( ! ,national ,s*ool at ,=d+bridge1 ,hants3-- ,de> ,sir1--,z *oirma/] ( ! p>i% *ur* "h1 & z "o :o takes great int]e/ 9 ! subject ( s++ 9 s*ools1 ,i am happy to respond to y\r reque/1 z we are ess5tially a rural di/rict4 ,i h occupi$ my position n[ ne>ly t5 ye>s1 & am j beg9n+ to f9d ! b5efit ( ! ,tonic ,sol-fa movem5t among/ my adult memb]s ( ! *oir1 hav+ n[ n9e adults :o h pass$ ?r\gh ! s*ool ) a good practical k ( ! ,sol-fa notation4 ,:5 ,i comm5c$ "w "h 7com+ f nor? ( ,engl&7 ,i 0 /ruck ) ! v disagreeable tone ( ! boys' & girls' voices4 ,to say !y sang flat does n convey h[ flat !y sang1 nor does x convey any idea ( ! tone1 b ! same may be he>d any night at ! ,salvation ,army meet+s "h4 ,! vic> ( ! p>i% told me also ^u my arrival "h1 t at a *ur* 9 ,b\rnem\? a =m] vic> us$ to import all 8 boy voices outside ( ,hamp%ire4 ,s t y w ga!r t ,i _h n a light task be=e me to produce a tone satisfactory to myself or ! inspector4 ,b ,i may safely say ,i h = "s ye>s satisfi$ myself1 & la/ ye> our assi/ant-inspector spoke ( ! v beautiful quality ( ! boys' voices4 ,i c assure y t x is only r>ely t ,i f9d occasion to compla9 ( ! tone4 ,! mom5t ,i he> ! objectionable tone produc$1 ,i imm$iately /op ! s++1 ev5 if 9 ! middle ( pray]s4 ,m9e is a boys' s*ool1 b ,i tea* ! girls s++ ) ! boys4 ,n[ z to h[ ,i produc$ ! *ange3-- #a4 ,i introduc$ ! ,tonic ,sol-fa notation4 #b4 ,i us$ to practise v frequ5tly = a few m9utes ^u ! modulator1 mak+ abundant use ( ! upp]-- ,illu/ration3 ,,key ,c4 d#a r#a m#a f#a #c4 ,i prohibit$ all %\t+ on high notes4 #d4 ,p>ticul>ly 0 ,i sev]e ^u l\d s++ 9 l[] notes1 say1 ,illu/ration3 ,,key ,f4 r d t#a l#a s#a #e4 ,i e/abli%$ a degree ( s\nd1 & h x /ill1 :at is kn[n among/ my s*ol>s z 's++ 9 a :isp]'--i4e41 to produce s++ z s(tly z possible4 ,?is idea ,i pick$ up 9 ,*e%ire f a good ,tonic ,sol-fai/4 #f4 ,i h "o or two fav\rite hymns1 :i* ,i always pit* high] ?an writt51 & ?us compel ! boys to use ! upp] regi/]s4 ,! boys "k ,i l ^! hymns1 & ,i nev] fail to appreciate !m to ! boys at ! end ( s++4 ,i also h a fav\rite m>*+ tune--,i don't "k ! "n1 b ,i believe x is (t5 set to ! hymn1 ',:5 mo!rs ( ,salem4' ,?is tune is v l(ty1 & ,i believe ! boys really enjoy its l(t9ess1 b !re mu/ be no %\t+4 ,:5 ! boys displease me1 ,i tell !m !y drop _! jaw too mu*1 & !y in/antly "k :at ,i mean4 #g4 ,i h v little alto s++ 9 s*ool1 = ! reason t x has a t5d5cy to enc\rage l\dness4 ,9 my *oir ,i arrange = ?ree or f\r ( ! olde/ boys to s+ alto4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i may say ,i am ?or\ghly pr\d ( my boys' s++ f /&>d ,i4 up to ! top ( ! s*ool1 & ,i believe my success has be5 *iefly f abundant use ( ! modulator = scale practice1 & nev] all[+ l\d s++4 ,pr\d z ,i am ( my boys1 ! girls c]ta9ly excel !m1 & t5 ye>s ago _! tone 0 worse1 if possible1 ?an ! boys4 ,i h no in/rum5t 9 s*ool1 b occasionally use a viol94 99 99 99 99 99 ,a correspond5t f ano!r agricultural c\nty--,i w n give 8 "n--fav\rs me ) "s rules :i* he has us$ m or less = ?irty ye>s4 ,9 "o s*ool taught by ! writ]1 ! inspector said he c\ld n di/+ui% ! boys f ! girls' voices--truly a high complim5t4 ,my correspond5t names a new h9drance to *ur* music 9 rural places1 namely1 ! cl]gyman's daught]6-- ,practise ! scales up & d[n to ! words 'la' & 'ha1' ! latt] = ! purpose ( sep>at+ ! tee?4 ,comm5ce at ! key ( ,c to ,c#a1 !n f ,d to ,d#a1 & s on upw>ds z high z ! voices ( ! boys c rea*1 nev] re/+ satisfi$ until !y cov] two octaves firmly4 ,9 tea*+ new music1 &1 g5]ally speak+1 9 accompany+ ! boys1 play ! note !y are s++ & its octave above--on ! /opp$ diapason & flute if an organ1 or ! correspond+ /ops on a h>monium4 ,let !re be no o!r accompanim5t1 & on e occasion ! octave above ! note sung4 ,?is is v p>ticul>4 ,*eck "o voice s++ above ano!r4 ,h no lead]s4 ,/op or subdue all h>% voices1 & make !m li/5 to1 & try to copy ! pure notes ( ! flute2 let ! boys s+ well )9 _! /r5g?4 ,if y lack p[]1 increase ! numb] ( *ori/]s1 & subdue ! voices4 ,i always *oose smoo? fl[+ *ants1 ) ! recit+ note rang+ f ,f to ,c4 ,i d n c>e to g high] ?an ,g above ! l9e 9 an!ms or s]vices1 b h tra9$ !m to />t on ,bb1 ',! ,si/]s ( ! ,sea1' by ,jackson4 ,i nev] tr\ble ab\t altos1 !y are too difficult to get1 & indiff]5t & tr\blesome :5 obta9$1 b 9 v]se p>ts ( s]vices or an!ms1 "o ( ! be/ boys w supply ! defici5cy1 & ev5 take up ! lead 9 a *orus4 ,*oirs exp]i5ce a difficulty :i* is n includ$ 9 y\r li/ ( po9ts4 ,i h receiv$ #fj p] annum z an organi/1 #ej & a h\se4 ,on ano!r occasion ,i 0 (f]$ ! *oir-ma/]%ip ( a *ur* *oral society ( #fj memb]s4 ,at ?is "t ,i 0 tra9] & conductor ( a *oral society ( #ajj voices ) /r+ & w9d accompanim5t1 ! subject be+ ,! ,messiah4 ,yet ,i 0 n consid]$ compet5t at ! *ur* at :i* ,i play$ to put a tune to a hymn1 b _h to submit to ! p>son's daught]1 :o 0 qualifi$ ?r\gh tak+ ?ree mon?s' lessons f a ,g]man4 ,on "o occasion ?is lady w5t t5 times ?r\gh a hymn to please h] fa!r 9 try+ to fit a f\r-l9$ tune ( ! wrong metre to a six-l9$ hymn6 ,i (f]$ to g ?r\gh an elev5? "t1 b he nev] int]f]$ aga94 ,i c\ld give y _m in/ances :]e ^! ladies !mselves are ! great drawback ( good *ur* s++1 b on ! o!r h&1 ,i c\ld m5tion cases :]e !y nev] come ne> a practice1 or int]f]e f "o ye>'s end to ! o!r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,kn[+1 z ,i d1 ! devot$ way 9 :i* cl]gym5's daught]s 9 _m rural places tra9 ! *oir1 ,i hesitate to endorse ?is *>ge4 ,! "w ne$s to be done ) tact & consid]ation4 ,9 ! va/ majority ( cases ^! ladies are a great help4 ,i d n approve ! plan ( play+ ! melody 9 octaves :ile x is be+ le>nt1 :i* my correspond5t advocates4 ,i give 8 lett] z a record ( e>ne/ "w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,w4 ,w4 ,pe>son1 ( ,elmham1 ,d]eham1 ,norfolk1 writes to me z foll[s3-- ,i h _h1 z y say1 a great deal ( exp]i5ce 9 tea*+ s++1 especially 9 rural di/ricts2 b ! neighb\rhood ,i h liv$ 9 = ! la/ tw5ty ye>s 7,norfolk71 is a v b>r5 field = musical culture--! wor/ 9 my exp]i5ce4 ,! voices ( ^? :o d s+ 9 ?is c\nty are1 on an av]age1 a m9or ?ird l[] ?an ^? ( ,york%ire1 ,nor? ,wales1 ! we/ ( ,engl&1 & o!r places :]e ,i h _h exp]i5ce4 ,!y are also1 = ! mo/ "p1 flabby1 want+ 9 resonance & quality4 ,t5ors are v sc>ce1 & ev5 ! few :o c s+ 9 ! t5or regi/]1 h n got ! true t5or quality4 ,?is may be ! effect ( ! l[ elevation above ! sea-level1 & ! damp humid atmosph]e2 or x may be p>tly due to race4 ,! plan ,i adopt = gett+ boys to use _! upp] regi/]s is a v old-fa%ion$ "o2 b x is v effective4 ,x is to make !m s+ ! major diatonic scale1 asc5d+ & desc5d+2 beg9n+ at a l[ pit*1 & gradually rais+ x by a semitone at a "t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,c4 ,hibb]d1 ( ,bem]ton1 ne> ,salisbury1 :om ,i quote also 9 ! *apt] on ,flatt5+1 dwells on ! difficulties ( ! rural *oirma/]4 ,he says3-- ,i h r>ely come across ! s(t fluty tone 9 ! c\ntry4 ,i once met ) a boy ) x 9 ! *oir at ,p>k/one1 ne> ,b\rnem\?1 & ano!r "h at ,bem]ton1 b 9 bo? cases ! boys 7 above ! av]age ( c\ntry boys1 & ! village 0 close to a l>g] t[n4 ,9 bo? cases1 also1 ! boys _h good & c>eful practice ov] & above ! ord9>y *oir practices4 ,at places f>!r 9 ! c\ntry x seems an impossibility to get ! tone4 ,) only a few boys to pick f1 x is a difficulty to f9d boys en\gh to fill up ord9>y vacancies4 ,) a great deal ( tr\ble & practice "o c get a great "p ( ! r\ghness ton$ d[n1 &1 z a rule1 t is all4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sev]al ( my correspond5ts1 x w be notic$1 speak ) great confid5ce ( ! use ( ! ,tonic ,sol-fa sy/em 9 rural places4 ,?is sy/em1 useful ev]y:]e1 c]ta9ly atta9s its greate/ usefulness 9 places :]e ! task ( ! *oirma/] rea*es its highe/ degree ( difficulty4 ,to ^? ^: only acqua9tance ) ,tonic ,sol-fa is a casual glance at a pr9t$ page ( ! new notation1 x naturally seems /range t ! use ( a musical %or?& c affect ! :ole tra9+ ( ! boy4 ,b beh9d ! lett]s & punctuation m>ks1 :i* g to make up ! ,tonic ,sol-fa notation1 !re lies ! ,tonic ,sol-fa me?od--a fix$ & _m-sid$ educational sy/em1 f\nd$ on ! true/ pr9ciples ( education1 c>ry+ on simultane\sly ! tra9+ ( ! e> = tune & "t1 mak+ progress sure because gradually develop+ ! intellig5ce along ) ! voice4 ,) ,tonic ,sol-fa1 also1 is associat$ a def9ite sy/em ( voice-tra9+4 ,tonic ,sol-fa tea*]s are all m or less ( educationi/s1 & h caught by obs]vation or /udy ! tea*]'s art4 ,?is is ! cause ( _! success4 ,illu/ration3 ,decoration ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,practice ,,( ,,v>i\s ,,*oirma/]s ,,9 ,,ca!drals1 c4 ,i ,,summ>ise "h in=mation obta9$1 *iefly by obs]vation & conv]sation1 f v>i\s tra9]s ( boys' voices at ca!drals & collegiate *ur*es4 ,,*apel ,,royal1 ,,/4 ,,james',s4 ,"s ye>s ago ,i att5d$ a practice ( ! boys1 "u ! late ,rev4 ,?omas ,helmore4 ,x began ) sl[ scales sung to a light pian(orte accompanim5t4 ,^! 7 foll[$ by rapid runs1 ! key gradually ris+ until ! highe/ note t\*$ 0 ,c above ! treble /aff4 ,! vocable us$ 0 ah4 ,aft] ?is came "t ex]cises1 solfeggios1 ! po9t+ out ( notes by ! boys on & betwe5 ! f+]s ( _! left h&s1 :i* repres5t$ ! /aff4 ,mr4 ,helmore decl>$ t new boys :ile s++ ne>ly always 7#a7 fr[n1 or 7#b7 hold _! heads on "o side4 ,he 0 /rict ab\t avoid+ ^! faults4 ,9 go+ ov] ! psalms = ! day1 ! boys sang mo/ly "o by "o1 v]se aft] v]se4 ,?is 0 a se>*+ te/ = ! boy :o sang1 :ile all ! o!rs 7 actively criticis+4 ,! boys practis$ secul> music by way ( *ange4 ,f\r ( !m 7 monitors1 f\r fags1 & two probation]s4 ,! tone 0 ref9$ & pure1 ,mr4 ,helmore himself be+ a good s+]4 ,,/4 ,,paul',s ,,ca!dral4 ,"h1 ow+ to ! size ( ! build+1 a trem5d\s volume ( %rill tone has to be cultivat$1 :i* 9 ! practice room is sometimes ov]:elm+4 ,! practice ,i he>d began ) sl[ scales sung to ah 7pian(orte accompanim5t7 rang+ ov] two octaves1 ,c to ,c#b2 ea* key betwe5 ,c to ,c#a 0 tak51 & ! scale sung asc5d+ & desc5d+4 ,?is 0 l\d s++1 b n %\t+4 ,!n came agility ex]cises 9 ! =m ( *ords1 rapid scales1 c41 sung /ill to ah4 ,?is daily tun+-up la/$ t5 m9utes4 ,!n 7incid5tally af=d+ re/ to ! boys7 came a %ort lesson on !ory4 ,boys 7 call$ up 9 turn to write notes1 signs1 c41 on ! blackbo>d4 ,practice n[ began4 ,! boys s+ a new piece to words at once1 nev] sol-fa+4 ,!y seldom try a piece m ?an ?ree times be=e x is he>d at ! ca!dral4 ,!y sit dur+ rehe>sal1 /&+ at ! ,gloria ,patri4 ,! boys h a daily practice ( an h\r-&-a-half4 ,,we/m9/] ,,abbey4 ,! ref9$ /yle ( ! boys tra9$ by ,dr4 ,bridge is well kn[n4 ,! abbey is small en\gh to all[ ! graces ( s++ to be cultivat$4 ,9 ! music room !re are two r[s ( desks fac+ ! same way1 s t ,dr4 ,bridge1 sitt+ at 8 cottage piano1 c ca/ a side glance full ^u ! boys4 ,two practices are held daily2 "o f n9e till t5 a4m4 is sp5t 9 gett+ up ! s]vice music4 ,! aft]noon practice1 at ! close ( ev5song1 is *iefly devot$ to !ory4 ,a c>d hang+ up on ! wall %[s exactly h[ ! "t ( ! aft]noon practice is apportion$ betwe5 ! /udy ( int]vals1 & scales1 *ant+1 responses1 manuscript ex]cises1 ! s++ ( ,concone's solfeggios1 & ! practice ( secul> music4 ,! excell5t phras+ & pure tone are p>tly due to ! practice ( secul> music1 :i* gives ela/icity & g5tl5ess to ! boys' voices4 ,no =mal sy/em ( voice-tra9+ is 9 use4 ,! boys ent] at f #i to #aj-a_/b1 n old]4 ,a new boy is plac$ 9 ! middle ( ! r[ ( *ori/]s1 s z to excite 8 imitative faculty to ! utmo/4 ,tw5ty boys is ! full numb]1 b only twelve ( ^! are full *ori/]s1 ! o!rs be+ nom9ally on probation1 a plan :i* s]ves to keep up ! discipl9e4 ,,l9coln',s ,,inn ,,*apel4 ,!re are twelve boys "h4 ,!y come1 ) a fair k ( music1 at ab\t n9e ye>s ( age1 & receive f ,dr4 ,/eggall1 or 8 assi/ants1 ?ree lessons ( ab\t two h\rs ea* e week4 ,on ,sunday1 at ! close ( ! morn+ s]vice1 !re is a rehe>sal ) ! m5 ( ! music = ! aft]noon1 & = ! morn+ ( ! foll[+ ,sunday4 ,! boys' practices are held 9 ! *oir-room1 :]e ,dr4 ,/eggall1 seat$ at a v5]able ,broadwood gr&1 coa*es 8 little m51 ) c>e & neatness4 ,on ,saturdays1 :5 half _! lesson is done1 ! boys walk across to ! *apel1 & g ?r\gh ! ,sunday's music ) ! organ4 ,a pupil m\nts to ! in/rum5t1 :ile ,dr4 ,/eggall1 book 9 h&1 paces ! aisle1 or retires t[>ds ! communion table1 con/antly int]rupt+ ! s++ to correct faults1 or improve deliv]y4 ,mean:ile1 ! organ is play$ q s(tly1 t ! voices may /& out cle>ly4 ,con/ant c>e is tak5 to prev5t clipp+ ( words 9 ! mo/ famili> p>ts ( ! s]vice4 ,,! ,,temple ,,*ur*4 ,dr4 ,e4 ,j4 ,hopk9s1 himself an ex-*oir-boy ( ! ,*apel ,royal1 realises "h 8 ideal ( quality1 n quantity4 ,he lays /ress on ! fact t he takes 8 boys at eight ye>s ( age4 ,= a ye> or m1 h[ev]1 !y are probation]s4 ,!y d n we> surplices1 al?\gh !y sit close to ! *oir4 ,!y und]go daily drill 9 musical !ory & voice-tra9+1 b 9 *ur* !y h no responsibility1 & d little m ?an li/54 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! voice ( "o ( ! eld] boys breaks1 a probation] takes 8 place1 & is mu* bett] = ! tra9+4 ,! practices occupy an h\r-&-a-half e aft]noon4 ,!y are held 9 ! little *oir ve/ry1 ne> ! organ1 :]e !re is a cottage pian(orte1 flank$ by a c\ple ( long music desks1 at :i* ! boys /& z !y s+4 ,!y are taught 9 gr\ps1 accord+ to ! /age !y h rea*$1 & sp5d ! lesson "t 9 practis+ scales1 voice ex]cises1 pieces ( music1 & /udy+ notation4 ,! voices are practis$ up to ,a4 ,on ,saturdays !re is a rehe>sal 9 ! *ur*1 ) ! organ & ! m5 ( ! *oir4 ,,l9coln ,,ca!dral4 ,! *oir "h1 direct$ by ! v5]able organi/1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,m4 ,"y1 is not$ = its *ant+1 :i* all *oirma/]s ought to he>4 ,mr4 ,"y has made a special /udy ( ! ,psalms1 & *anges spe$ & =ce frequ5tly ) ! *ange ( attitude 9 ! psalmi/4 ,! recitation is deliv]$ at ! pace ( ord9>y spee*1 ) elocution>y pauses z ne$$2 x is sung nei!r fa/] nor sl[] ?an ! cad5ce4 ,h5ce ! :ole effect is rev]5t & impressive4 ,mr4 ,"y's publi%$ ,psalt] & ,*ants 7,novello7 %\ld be /udi$1 b ! great excell5ce ( 8 "w c only be appreciat$ by a visit to ,l9coln4 ,all compil]s ( ,psalt]s make rules1 b ,mr4 ,"y c>ries !m out4 ,mr4 ,"y1 :o 0 a *oir-boy at ,durham m ?an fifty ye>s ago1 "u ,h5%aw1 tells me t x 0 no uncommon ?+ 9 8 day = ! boys to h ?ree practices--#h4cj to #aj1 #aa to #ab1 & #f to #h4 ,?is 9 addition to ! two daily s]vices4 ,! eld] boys _h to att5d all2 ! y\ng] 7 excus$ ! ev5+ practice4 ,z f> z ,i "k1 we h no su* sev]e tra9+ n[4 ,mr4 ,"y likes to get 8 boys at eight2 = two ye>s1 al?\gh !y we> surplices1 !y d n s+4 ,! sixte5 boys receive free education1 & bo>d1 pocket-money1 & a pres5t ( #aj :5 _! voices break4 ,! y\ng] boys are call$ *ori/]s1 & we> surplices4 ,! f\r s5ior boys are call$ ,burg]%-*ant]s1 & we> black cassocks ( a peculi> %ape4 ,9 ! t[n !y are famili>ly kn[n z black boys4 ,! *ori/]s att5d a day-s*ool ) o!r boys :o speak ! ,l9coln%ire dialect2 9 ?is !y suff]1 =1 z ,mr4 ,"y says1 purity ( v[els & beauty ( tone g toge!r4 ,"o ( 8 maxims is1 use ! lips z little z possible 9 s++2 d all y c ) ! tongue4 ,if y use ! lips1 !n use !m rapidly4 ,! boys practise an h\r-&-a-half ea* day4 ,mr4 ,"y puts a high f9i% on all 8 "w4 ,moz>t's ,ave ,v]um 0 sung on ! day ( my visit ) inf9ite ref9em5t4 ,at "o po9t ! boys took a portam5to--a grace :i* v few *oirma/]s w\ld attempt ) boys4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,black ,,boy ,,at ,,l9coln ,,ca!dral4 ,photograph$ by ,mr4 ,george ,hadley1 ,l9coln4 ,,*ri/ ,,*ur*1 ,,ox=d4 ,! boys rehe>se 9 a small b l(ty room4 ,!re is a d\ble r[ ( desks & seats d[n ea* side1 fac+ ea* o!r4 ,dr4 ,c4 ,h4 ,lloyd sits at a small pian(orte1 plac$ across "o end ( ! seats1 ?us comm&+ all ! boys ) 8 eye4 ,! tun+-up ex]cises la/$ t5 m9utes1 & began ) ?is ex]cise to ah3-- ,illu/ration3 ,,key ,c4 d#a3t4ls4f3m4rd3r4mf4s3l4td#a3--3- ,?is ex]cise1 begun 9 ,c1 0 c>ri$ up gradually to ,bb above4 ,x 0 sung fir/ ) a dim4 go+ d[n1 & a cres4 go+ up1 & !n ! opposite4 ,!n came an asc5d+1 foll[$ by a desc5d+ scale1 simil>ly v>i$ 9 key & expression4 ,! next ex]cise 0-- ,illu/ration3 ,,key ,c4 d4m3r4m d4m3r4m d4m3r4m d3-- :i* 0 transpos$ gradually upw>ds1 be+ sung to ah4 ,next a triplet ex]cise-- ,illu/ration3 ,,key ,f4 d t#a d r d r to d#a r#a d#a t d#a t ,at ! high] "p ! second trebles sang a ?ird bel[4 ,!n foll[$ ! *romatic scale1 up & d[n4 ,dr4 ,lloyd is n tr\bl$ mu* ) flatt5+2 :5 x occurs ! m5 are m likely to cause x ?an ! boys4 ,!y habitually s+ ! ,litany1 :i* la/s fifte5 m9utes1 unaccompani$1 & if !y flatt5 at all1 x is n m ?an a semitone4 ,!re is an unaccompani$ s]vice once a week4 ,i notic$ t brea?+-places 7 m>k$ 9 ! an!ms1 & notes likely to give tr\ble 7 m>k$ ) a circle4 ,dr4 ,lloyd 0 by no means ti$ to ! pian(orte dur+ rehe>sal1 & frequ5tly left 8 seat1 & pac$ up & d[n1 beat+ "t :ile ! s++ w5t on4 ,!oretical que/ions on ! pieces 9 h& 7 address$ to individual boys4 ,^! boys are ! sons ( pr(essional m51 & come f all p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,!re are n[ ?ree und]graduates at ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 :o h be5 *oir-boys4 ,9 ! *oir1 on ! day ( my visit1 0 a boy ( sev5te51 :o _h sung = n9e ye>s2 8 voice _h n yet begun to g4 ,! curi\s cu/om is obs]v$ "h ( divid+ ! ,psalms 7betwe5 ,decani & ,cantoris7 at ! colon1 in/ead ( at ! v]se4 ,x requires great read9ess1 & = ^? ,psalms :i* are writt5 9 p>allelisms1 x is mo/ effective4 ,,cant]bury ,,ca!dral4 ,! boys "h are divid$ into t5 *ori/]s & f\rte5 probation]s4 ,! *ori/]s are on ! f\ndation1 & receive a /ip5d2 ! probation]s get _! s*ool+ only4 ,! *ori/]s we> tr5*] caps & g[ns2 ! probation]s flannel caps1 be>+ ! arms ( ! ca!dral4 ,! boys are ne>ly all f ! city2 !re is no bo>d+-s*ool4 ,! l[] floor ( ! *oir-s*ool is us$ = ! ord9>y in/ruction1 :i* is conduct$ by ,mr4 ,plant1 an alto 9 ! ca!dral *oir1 & ! upp] floor is us$ z a music-room4 ,"h ! boys receive f\r or five lessons a week f ,dr4 ,longhur/1 & ! probation]s h also a lesson by !mselves4 ,all ! *ori/]s le>n ! viol92 ?is has be5 ! practice = _m ye>s4 ,:51 at fe/ivals1 !re is a b& 9 ! ca!dral1 ! /r+s are made up l>gely f old *ori/]s1 mo/ ( :om g into bus9ess 9 ! city4 ,a sy/em ( rotation is adopt$2 ?us1 al?\gh !re are tw5ty-f\r boys1 n m ?an f\rte5 s+ at any "o s]vice1 ! re/ are at "w at _! ord9>y lessons4 ,a consid]able dra9age ( boys takes place to ! ,k+'s ,s*ool1 ! lead+ gramm> s*ool 9 ,cant]bury4 ,! *ori/]s (t5 leave to ent] ?is s*ool :5 _! voices are 9 _! prime4 ,dr4 ,longhur/ takes ! boys v "y2 z soon aft] sev5 z possible4 ,9 *oos+ a boy1 he requires bo? voice & e> to be good4 ,sometimes a boy excels 9 ! "o direction & n 9 ! o!r2 he c s+ sweetly1 b _c imitate notes /ruck at r&om on ! pian(orte1 or else he has a poor voice & a good e>4 ,b bo? end[m5ts are necess>y = a *ori/]4 ,dr4 ,longhur/1 :o 0 himself a boy at ,cant]bury1 _h a compass at t "t ( two-&-a-half octaves4 ,z 8 voice *ang$ he pass$ f fir/ to second treble1 !n sang alto = sev5 ye>s1 & at la/ settl$ to t5or4 ,he does n reg>d boy altos z desirable 9 ca!drals1 b 9 p>i% *ur*es1 :]e no adult male altos are to be _h1 !y are1 no d\bt1 9 place4 ,dr4 ,longhur/ tells me t z a result ( =ty-eight ye>s' exp]i5ce1 he c tell by ! look ( a boy :e!r he w make a *ori/]4 ,!re is some?+ ab\t ! br[s & eyes1 & g5]al cont\r ( ! face :i* guides him4 ,he is nev] mi/ak54 ,"s "t s9ce a cl]gyman ) :om ,dr4 ,longhur/ happ5$ to be /ay+1 ridicul$ ! idea t ! musical capability ( boys c be judg$ by _! looks4 ,he took ,dr4 ,longhur/ into ! village s*ool1 & invit$ him to pick out ! boys ( ! *oir z !y sat among o!rs at _! lessons4 ,?is ,dr4 ,longhur/ did q correctly4 ,he has no k ( phr5ology1 & ! faculty has come to him simply z ! result ( long exp]i5ce4 ,on ! day ( my visit ,i he>d ! boys practise 9 _! l(ty music-room4 ,dr4 ,longhur/ sat at ! gr& pian(orte1 & ! boys 7 gr\p$ 9 f\rs or fives r\nd f\r music-/&s1 on :i* ! l>ge folio voice p>ts1 9 type or ,,ms41 7 plac$4 ,^! desks /ood on ei!r side ( ! piano1 s t ! boys look$ t[>ds ,dr4 ,longhur/4 ,n _m voice ex]cises are us$1 nor is !re any talk ab\t ! regi/]s4 ,pure tone is requir$1 & ! boys h n to reason :y4 ,six or sev5 ( ! y\nge/ boys took no "p 9 ! practice ( ! s]vice music4 ,:5 ! eld] boys _h done1 ! y\ng] came =w>d & sang "s solfeggio ex]cises4 ,z a help 9 keep+ "t ! boys clapp$ _! h&s sometimes at ! fir/ ( ! b>1 & beat ! pulses ( ! music4 ,9 ! s+le voice p>ts1 ) long re/s1 ?is is a help4 ,! boys d n s+ any secul> music4 ,at "o "t !y did1 b n[1 ) ! s*ool+1 ! ord9>y practices1 & ! viol9 lessons1 !re is no "t4 ,flatt5+ does n (t5 occur4 ,z a rule1 :5 !y intone on ,g1 ! ,g rema9s to ! end4 ,! practice ( s++ ! s]vice unaccompani$ on ,fridays all ! ye> r\nd1 & on ,w$nesdays 9 addition dur+ ,l5t1 mu/ h a brac+ effect on ! *oir4 ,i 0 myself pres5t on a ,w$nesday 9 ,l5t1 & c\ld detect no fall+ 9 pit*4 ,! boys at ,cant]bury d n appe> to receive mu* =mal voice-tra9+1 & ,i attribute ! excell5t quality ( _! s++ to two facts4 ,fir/1 ,dr4 ,longhur/ has evid5tly a knack ( disc]n+ a promis+ voice2 & second1 hav+ e/abli%$ a tradition ( good s++1 ! boys1 ent]+ at an e>ly age1 ins5sibly fall into x4 ,,dr4 ,,buck',s ,,boys ,,at ,,norwi*4 ,i h ga!r$ f ,mr4 ,a4 ,r4 ,gaul1 ,mus4,b41 ( ,birm+ham1 "s p>ticul>s ( ! "w ( ,dr4 ,buck1 organi/ ( ,norwi* ,ca!dral1 :o 0 kn[n =ty or fifty ye>s ago all ov] ! c\ntry z a tra9] ( boys' voices4 ,mr4 ,gaul 0 a boy at ,norwi* "u ,dr4 ,buck1 & und]w5t ! ,sp>tan tra9+ :i* produc$ su* notable results4 ,no *e/ voice above ,f or ,g 0 8 rule1 & ! flute-l voice1 :i* goes by s _m names1 & is yet s unmi/akable :5 he>d1 0 develop$ 9 all ! *ori/]s4 ,dr4 ,buck _h an endless numb] ( contrivances = tea*+ 8 boys "r ways4 ,ea* ( !m c>ri$ ab\t him a pocket look+-glass1 & at practice 0 taught to hold x 9 8 h&1 & wat* 8 m\? z he sang4 ,"o f+] on top ( ! o!r 0 ! gauge = op5+ ! m\? transv]sely1 :ile nuts 7 held 9 ! *eeks to secure its prop] longitud9al op5+4 ,to look at ! boys dur+ ?is ex]cise1 "o might ?9k !y _h ! face-a*e6 ,h[ev]1 no jok+ ov] ^! matt]s 0 all[$2 !re 0 a p5ny f9e = =gett+ ! look+-glass once1 & a twop5ny f9e = =gett+ x a second "t4 ,to prev5t ! use ( too mu* brea? 9 s++1 ,dr4 ,buck w\ld take a piece ( tissue pap]1 ! size ( a po/age /amp1 hang x by a f9e ?read 9 front ( ! m\?1 & make ! boys s+ to x )\t bl[+ x away4 ,tongue-drill consi/$ 9 regul> motions ( ! unruly memb]1 until ! boys 7 able to make x lie flat d[n at ! bottom ( ! m\?1 & raise x to ! upp] tee? z requir$4 ,x 0 a daily plan to practise c]ta9 passages ) ! lips entirely clos$1 ?is 0 done to prev5t ! objectionable quality ( voice result+ f any /oppage ( ! nasal organs4 ,!re 0 no sol-fa+2 v>i\s words 7 us$ at scale-practice1 *os5 to develop ! v[els1 :ile a code ( tr\blesome words & end+s ( words 0 drawn up1 & repeat$ daily by ! boys 9 ! speak+-voice1 s z to secure cle> enunciation4 ,i h m ?an once se5 & he>d x /at$ t ,dr4 ,buck us$ to make 8 boys s+ ?r\gh ! nose1 ) clos$ m\?1 9 ord] to get ! high] regi/]1 b ,mr4 ,gaul does n rememb] ?is4 ,dr4 ,haydn ,keeton in=ms me t !y _h boy-altos at ,norwi* 9 ,dr4 ,buck's "t1 s t he mu/ h _h m boys ?an usual to tra94 ,,salisbury4 ,a conv]sation ) ,mr4 ,c4 ,l4 ,s\?1 ! organi/ & *oirma/]1 %[s him to be a c>eful & able work]4 ,! boys1 :o are bo>d$ 9 ! *oir s*ool1 come f v>i\s p>ts4 ,!y are receiv$ at f #h to #aa ye>s2 n ov] #aa unless ! boy is v good & =w>d 9 music4 ,! boys are *os5 = _! voices1 b giv5 two boys ( equal voices1 ! "o :o kn[s mo/ music w\ld be select$4 ,! music practice is an h\r a day = five days ( ! week1 "u ,mr4 ,s\? himself4 ,i recognise1 he says1 two regi/]s 9 boys' voices1 *e/ & head1 & ) c>eful practice y c get ! voices s ev5 t y c h>dly tell :]e "o ends & ! o!r beg9s4 ,! great ?+1 ,i believe1 is to make ! boys s+ s(tly1 & to get _! regi/] ev5 ?r\gh\t4 ,mr4 ,s\? adds t ! imitative p[] ( boys is s /rong t ! y\ng] ones fall into ! habits ( ! eld] ones1 & ?us make =mal tea*+ ab\t ! regi/]s less necess>y4 ,= vocal practice he uses ,/a9]'s & ,concone's ,ex]cises1 also solos l ,jesus1 ,savi\r1 ,i am ,?9e1 & ,let ! ,savi\r's out/ret*$ arm 7bo? f ,ba*'s ,passion71 z well z ,h&el's ,rejoice greatly1 besides florid *oruses f ! ,messiah4 ,^! are m int]e/+ ?an =mal /udies1 & !y br+ out ! same po9ts ( brea?+1 phras+1 pronunciation1 & expression4 ,he sometimes introduces a song ( ?is k9d into ! s]vice z an an!m4 ,on "o occasion1 :5 ?irte5 boys _h sung "o ( ! ,ba* songs 9 unison1 a memb] ( ! congregation ask$ ! "n ( ! soloi/4 ,! voices 7 s p]fectly bl5d$ t !y s\nd$ l "o4 ,! full numb] ( boys is eighte51 ( :om two at lea/ s+ solos4 ,mr4 ,s\? does n use nor l boy altos4 ,! s]vice music is select$ on eclectic pr9ciples1 & cov]s ! gr\nd f ,gibbons to ,villi]s ,/an=d4 ,! boys sometimes give conc]ts1 p]=m+ su* cantatas z ,sm>t's ,k+ ,r5e's ,daught]1 & ,m5delssohn's ,two-"p ,songs4 ,illu/ration3 ,decoration ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,practice ,,( ,,v>i\s ,,*oirma/]s ,,9 ,,p>i% ,,*ur*es4 ,9 ! c\rse ( j\rneys & int]views ext5d+ ov] _m ye>s ,i h ga!r$ mu* exp]i5ce f *oirma/]s1 & h wat*$ & not$ _! plans4 ,"h foll[ "s ( ! results ( ?is "w4 ,! *ur*es describ$ are "s ( !m small1 & b little kn[n4 ,?is fact1 h[ev]1 does n affect ! value ( ! exp]i5ce4 ,! highe/ degree ( cr$it is due to ! *oirma/] :o obta9s good results f poor mat]ials1 & ?is book is especially int5d$ to help ^? :o h to make ! be/ ( ord9>y opportunities4 ,,le$s ,,p>i% ,,*ur*4 ,?is *ur* has long be5 not$ = its music1 :i* is sung 9 ca!dral /yle4 ,!re are ab\t ?irty boys1 ^: voices1 ev5 up to ,a1 are r\nd & cle>1 & ?r\gh\t are big1 true1 & ri*4 ,notable features ( ! /yle ( ! *oir "u ,dr4 ,cres]1 are ! long dim4 cad5ces 9 responses1 & ! indep5d5ce :i* enables ! s+]s to g on )\t ! organ1 if ! expression sugge/s x4 ,at ! rehe>sal 9 ! p>o*ial room ,dr4 ,cres] sits at ! gr& piano ) ! boys 9 _! cantoris & decani places on ea* side ( him j z 9 *ur*4 ,! boys rehe>se five days a week aft] ev5song1 & ! juniors h an additional practice4 ,aft] ,saturday ev5song !re is a full practice ) ! m54 ,all ! boys are trebles4 ,york%ire is ab\t ! only di/rict 9 ,engl& :i* produces adult male altos4 ,! boys are *iefly promot$ f di/rict *ur*es4 ,!y live at _! homes1 & receive a free education--! s5iors 9 ! ,le$s middle-class s*ool1 & ! juniors 9 ! p>i% *ur* s*ool4 ,!re is also a small sal>y paid qu>t]ly1 & :5 a boy leaves he receives f #ae to #be if an ord9>y *ori/]1 & #ej if a good solo boy4 ,f9es are impos$ by ! prec5tor = misbehavi\r or mis*iev\s tricks 9 *ur* or prec9cts1 b n = mi/akes 9 s++4 ,dr4 ,cres] tea*es sight-s++ on ! l9es ( ,curw5's ,h[ to ,read ,music4 ,! boys use ! old notation1 b h le>nt x ?r\gh ,tonic ,sol-fa1 us+ ! c\rse entitl$ ,crot*ets & ,quav]s4 ,occasionally ! :ole rehe>sal consi/s ( sol-fa+4 ,9 e difficulty z to key relation%ip ! ,sol-fa makes matt]s cle>4 ,dr4 ,cres] 0 fir/ l$ to use ,tonic ,sol-fa by notic+ h[ easy x made ! m9or mode4 ,! junior boys are always taught by ,dr4 ,cres]4 ,until ! voices settle he w\ld on no acc\nt delegate !m to an assi/ant4 ,! two *ief rules ( voice-tra9+ are to =bid =c+ ! *e/ regi/] above ,illu/ration3 a music /aff ) a treble clef & a :ole note ,e on ! fir/ l9e4 & to beg9 scales at ! top4 ,flatt5+ takes place occasionally1 b x is ne>ly always ! fault ( ! congregation1 :o drag ! pit* d[n4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! music-libr>y "h is a model ( ord]4 ,,/4 ,,pet]',s1 ,,eaton ,,squ>e1 ,,london4 ,"h1 "u ! direction ( ,mr4 de ,manby ,s]gison1 a v f9e ,anglican s]vice is ma9ta9$4 ,!re are tw5ty boys1 & a few probation]s4 ,! boys h an h\r's practice e day1 & s+ ! ,psalms & a hymn at ! daily *oral s]vice4 ,=m]ly a *oir bo>d+-s*ool 0 kept up1 b ?is 0 aboli%$1 be+ f\nd to be too exp5sive4 ,n[ ! boys are select$ f s*ools 9 & ne> ! p>i%1 & ,mr4 ,s]gison f9ds ! ord9>y ,london boy equal to all ! dem&s ( ! *ur*4 ,:5 ! *oir-s*ool 0 giv5 up he 0 able )9 a mon? to prep>e an entirely new set ( boys1 s pr(ici5t t ! congregation sc>cely notic$ a diff]5ce4 ,! vocal practice ( ! boys includes ,concone's ,ex]cises1 & _! phras+ 9 ! s]vice music is v good4 ,! full *oir s+s on ,sundays & ,sa9ts' ,days1 & _! rehe>sal takes place once a week 9 ! *ur*1 ,mr4 ,s]gison be+ at ! organ4 ,9 ! *apt] on ! managem5t ( *oir-boys ,i h quot$ "s wise rem>ks by ,mr4 ,s]gison1 :i* expla9 8 success z a *oirma/]4 ,,/4 ,,m>k',s ,,college1 ,,*elsea4 ,?is is a ,tra9+ ,college = s*oolma/]s1 :i* has long be5 not$ = its musical s]vices4 ,mr4 ,ow5 ,br$51 ! pres5t organi/ & *oirma/]1 is ! successor ( ,dr4 ,hullah1 ,mr4 ,may1 & ! ,rev4 ,f4 ,helmore4 ,! *oir-boys1 :o numb] #bf1 only s+ on ,sundays4 ,!y are drawn f ! practic+ s*ool1 :i* conta9s #hjj boys4 ,!y ent] ! *oir at n9e ye>s ( age1 & !re are always six or eight probation]s1 :o att5d ! practices & are ready to fill vacancies4 ,?us a good /yle ( s++ is ma9ta9$4 ,p say to ,mr4 ,br$51 ,!re is no tell+ "o voice f ano!r1 y\r boys are s mu* alike4 ,at ! bi-weekly practice ) ,mr4 ,br$5 ! boys h voice-tra9+4 ,!y s+ to la & sol-fa syllables scales gradually ris+4 ,!y are n tra9$ above ,g1 b if a boy has a good ,g he c always g high]4 ,! boys c all read f ! ,sol-fa modulator1 & ,mr4 ,br$5 gives !m e>-te/s4 ,! alto "p is tak5 entirely by boys at ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,! *oir-boys1 pa/ & pres5t1 p]=m an op]etta 9 co/ume e ,*ri/mas4 ,an!ms l ,macf>r5's ,! ,"l is my ,%eph]d1 ,b5nett's ,god is a ,_s1 ,goss's ,o ,savi\r ( ! _w1 c41 are sung unaccompani$4 ,9 fact1 :5ev] ! organ "p m]ely duplicates ! voices1 !y take ! opportunity at ,/4 ,m>k's to enjoy ! pure *ord+ ( human voices4 ,,/4 ,,m>y',s ,,*ur*1 ,,b]l94 ,my fri5d1 ,h]r ,?4 ,krause1 ! organi/ & *oirma/] ( ?is *ur*1 all[$ me to att5d a rehe>sal ( ! eighty boys & tw5ty m5 :o =m 8 f9e *oir4 ,! l>ge numb] ( boys is expla9$ by ! fact t ne>ly half ( !m are altos4 ,! motet ( ! ,lu!ran *ur* is inv>iably unaccompani$4 ,x closely resembles 9 =m our an!m1 b ! ,g]man ,prote/ants look ^u ! a capella /yle1 :i* cont9ues ! tradition ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel at ,rome1 z ! pure/ & highe/ 9 *ur* music4 ,on no acc\nt w\ld !y use ! organ to accompany a motet4 ,?is gives rise to elaborate compositions1 (t5 l ,m5delssohn's ,judge me1 ,o ,god1 9 eight p>ts4 ,by treat+ ! boys & m5 z sep>ate *oirs1 ea* 9 f\r p>ts1 & gett+ responses betwe5 !m1 a v>iety ( tone col\r1 :i* is almo/ or*e/ral1 is obta9$2 & :5 bo? *oirs unite 9 solid eight-"p h>mony1 ! result is impos+4 ,z ! ,g]mans are usually n sight-s+]s1 ! lab\r involv$ 9 le>n+ ^! motets is imm5se4 ,! high] regi/] ( ! boys is well tra9$4 ,!y s+ up to ,b flat )\t ef=t1 & ) pure/ tone4 ,! same may be said ( ! ,dom ,*oir1 = :i* ,m5delssohn wrote 8 motets4 ,at my la/ visit to ,leipzig1 ,i c>ri$ an introduction to ,dr4 ,ru/1 tra9] ( ! ,?omas ,*ur* *oir1 b ,i 0 !re j aft] ,:itsuntide1 :5 ! ye>ly %ift+ ( classes _h j tak5 place1 & ,dr4 ,ru/1 :o wi%$ me to he> 8 boys at _! be/1 ask$ me n to come to a rehe>sal4 ,speak+ g5]ally1 ! voices ( ,g]man boys are ?9n] ?an ^? ( ,engli% boys1 m l fifes ?an flutes4 ,,/4 ,,clem5t ,,danes1 ,,/r&4 ,! *oirma/] "h1 ,mr4 ,f4 ,j4 ,knapp1 is also ma/] ( ! p>i% day s*ool4 ,"h he insi/s on quiet s++1 & /ops co>s5ess directly4 ,! boys are taught on ! ,tonic ,sol-fa sy/em1 :i*1 says ,mr4 ,knapp1 has alone enabl$ him to produce 8 results4 ,"s "t ago at ,/4 ,/eph5s1 ,walwor?1 he 0 call$ ^u to produce a *oir 9 a week1 & he did ?is1 by nightly rehe>sals1 to ! satisfaction ( ev]yone4 ,complete oratorios1 ) b&1 7 frequ5tly giv5 by ?is *oir ( sol-fai/s4 ,at ,/4 ,clem5t ,danes he _h to produce a *oir 9 five days1 & "h aga9 he succe$$ by ! use ( ,tonic ,sol-fa4 ,our *oir-boys1 he says1 c n[ s+ at sight almo/ any?+ ,i put be=e !m4 ,we nev] h m ?an two or ?ree practices 7"o only1 full7 = ! mo/ difficult an!ms we d4 ,!re is an an!m e ,sunday1 a *oral communion once a mon?1 (f]tory s5t5ces on alt]nate ,sundays1 cantatas & oratorios at ,fe/ivals4 ,mr4 ,knapp adopts ! useful plan ( tun+-up 8 boys be=e ! morn+ s]vice4 ,flatt5+1 :5 x occurs1 is due1 he consid]s1 to damp wea!r1 a cold *ur*1 c4 ,b he is r>ely tr\bl$ ) x4 ,! boys' voice ex]cises are tak5 at ! h>monium1 fir/ sl[ notes to koo-ah1 or to oo-ay-ah-ee1 or to a s5t5ce conta9+ consonants4 ,?is ex]cise is done bo? asc5d+ & desc5d+1 b especially desc5d+4 ,he also uses ! *romatic scale f ,b flat up to ,f3--,illu/ration3 ,a music /aff ) a treble clef on ! left4 ,two qu>t] notes3 ,b flat bel[ ! /aff & ,f on ! top l9e4 ,he tells ! boys no?+ ab\t ! regi/]s1 b wat*es con/antly aga9/ %\t+4 ,,salzung5 ,,*oir4 ,?is 7,prote/ant7 *oir ( m5 & boys is well-kn[n 9 ,g]many1 & n only s+s at ,salzung51 b occasionally makes t\rs1 & gives conc]ts4 ,h]r ,mhlfeld1 ! tra9]1 tells me t he takes ! boys f #aa ye>s ( age upw>ds1 & t be=e ent]+ ! *oir !y h a fair k ( notes1 & c s+ at sight4 ,! voices are exam9$ on entry1 l[ ones be+ put to s+ alto1 & high ones be+ put to s+ soprano4 ,! boys h two lessons ( an h\r ea* p] week1 9 :i* !y practise ex]cises1 *orle1 s*ool songs1 & *ur* music4 ,flatt5+1 accord+ to ,h]r ,mhlfeld1 is due to 7#a7 bad e>1 7#b7 imp]fect tra9+1 7#c7 fatigue ( ! voice4 ,! boys are taught to li/5 to ea* note t !y s+1 & to make x bl5d ) ! in/rum5t or ! lead+ voice4 ,9 ord] to d ?is !y mu/ s+ s(tly1 & ?us he> _! neighb\rs' voices4 ,! #crd1 #f?1 #g?1 & #h? tones ( ! scale are1 says ,h]r ,mhlfeld1 (t5 sung flat1 & ex]cises %\ld be specially giv5 to secure ! intonation ( ^! s\nds4 ,! boys mu/ also le>n ! int]vals1 & :5ev] !y appe> to be tir$ a pause mu/ be made4 ,,upton ,,cross ,,bo>d ,,s*ool4 ,?is is n a *ur*1 b a boys' s*ool1 f :i* a good _m *ori/]s are drawn1 & :]e excell5t results h be5 obta9$4 ,! boys h (t5 won prizes 9 *oral competitions4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,a4 ,donald1 ! headma/]1 tells me t he exam9es ! voices ( ! boys "o by "o 9 8 own room1 once a ye>4 ,^? :o c take ,g & ,a ,illu/ration3 musical notation sweetly & easily are put d[n z fir/ trebles4 ,^? :o c g bel[ ,c ,illu/ration3 musical notation are altos4 ,! re/ are second trebles4 ,he f9ds t aft] a ye> a boy's voice w (t5 h *ang$--a treble become an alto1 or vice v]sa4 ,9 modulator practice1 & z f> z possible 9 pieces ( music1 he keeps ! trebles above ,illu/ration3 musical notation4 ,bel[ ?is !y get co>se4 ,he nev] gives on ! modulator an asc5d+ passage :i* beg9s bel[ ?is ,g4 ,"o may leap up1 & come d[n by /ep1 b n asc5d by /ep4 ,he uses ,mr4 ,pr\dman's ,voice-tra9+ ,ex]cises 7,j4 ,curw5 ,sons7 = fir/ trebles1 & 8 contralto ex]cises = contraltos4 ,co>s5ess he *ecks at once1 & he sil5ces boys ^: voices are break+4 ,illu/ration3 ,decoration ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,alto ,,boys4 ,h[ is ! alto "p1 9 a *ur* *oir consi/+ ( males1 to be sung8 ,9 our ca!drals ?is "p has be5 giv51 ev] s9ce ! ,re/oration1 to adult m51 g5]ally ) bass voices s++ 9 _! ?9 regi/]4 ,= ?is voice our compos]s ( ! ,engli% ca!dral s*ool wrote1 c>ry+ ! "p mu* l[] ?an !y w\ld h done if !y _h be5 writ+ = wom5 or boy-s+]s4 ,= ?is voice1 also1 ,h&el wrote1 & ! li/5] at ! ,h&el ,fe/ival _c b feel ! /r5g? & resonance :i* ! l>ge numb] ( m5 altos give to ! h>mony :5 ! range ( ! "p is l[4 ,! voice ( ! man alto1 h[ev]1 0 nev] common1 & is becom+ less common ?an x 04 ,x occupies a curi\s position1 nev] hav+ be5 recognis$ z a solo voice4 ,i h he>d ( an exceptionally good man alto at ,birm+ham :o 0 accu/om$ to s+ songs at conc]ts1 b ?is is an isolat$ case4 ,! voice seems to h be5 g5]ally conf9$ to *oral music4 ,?is voice is entirely an ,engli% in/itution1 unkn[n on ! cont95t4 ,hi/orians say t aft] ! ,re/oration1 :5 x 0 v difficult to obta9 *oir-boys1 adult m5 le>n$ to s+ alto1 & ev5 l[ treble p>ts1 9 falsetto1 9 ord] to make h>mony possible4 ,let u conc$e at once t = music ( ! old ca!dral s*ool ?is voice is 9 place4 ,! *ur*es are1 h[ev]1 gett+ m & m eclectic1 & are s++ music f oratorios1 cantatas1 & masses t 0 compos$ = wom5 altos1 & is f> too high 9 compass = m54 ,we may admit t because ! alto "p lies s mu* ^u ! break into ! ?ick or *e/ regi/] ( boys1 x is v difficult to get !m to s+ x well4 ,! dilemma is t 9 p>i% *ur*es1 especially 9 c\ntry places1 ! adult male alto is n to be _h1 & ! *oice is betwe5 boy altos1 & no altos at all4 ,!re is no d\bt1 moreov]1 t ! tr\ble ( voice-managem5t 9 boy altos c be conqu]$ by wat*fulness & c>e4 ,at ! pres5t "t !re are1 z ! in=mation ,i h collect$ %[s1 a numb] ( v good ca!dral & *ur* *oirs 9 :i* ! alto "p is be+ su/a9$ by boys4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! foll[+ is f ,mr4 ,james ,taylor1 organi/ & *oirma/] ( ,new ,college1 ,ox=d3-- ,new ,college1 ,ox=d1 ,dec4 #ac1 #ahij4 ,de> ,sir1--,9 reply to y\r lett]1 ,i c confid5tly recomm5d boy altos 9 p>i% or o!r *oirs1 provid$ !y are c>efully tra9$4 ,we h introduc$ !m into ?is *oir = m ?an two ye>s1 & ! exp]im5t has fully come up to my expectations4 ,we /ill reta9 two m5 altos 9 our *oir1 :i* n[ consi/s ( ! foll[+3--,f\rte5 trebles1 f\r boy altos1 two m5 altos1 f\r t5ors1 & f\r basses4 ,i f9d boy altos v effective 9 mod]n *ur* music1 su* z ,m5delssohn's an!ms1 c41 :]e ! alto "p is writt5 mu* high] ?an is ! case 9 ! old ca!dral music4 ,y\rs v truly1 ,,james ,,taylor4 ,dr4 ,g>rett1 organi/ ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,cambridge1 writes3-- #e1 ,p>k ,side1 ,cambridge1 ,dec4 #ab1 #ahij4 ,de> ,mr4 ,curw51--,i h _h boy altos only 9 my *oir = "s ye>s4 ,i introduc$ !m ( necessity 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,! /ip5d ( a lay cl]k 0 too small to attract any o!r ?an a local c&idate1 & no suitable man 0 to be f\nd4 ,if ,i c\ld h really fir/-class adult altos 9 my *oir ,i %\ld n ?9k ( us+ boys' voices4 ,at ! same "t !re are "s advantages on ! side ( boys' voices4 ,i4 ,unless ! adult alto voice is really pure & good1 & its possessor a skill$ s+]1 x is too (t5 unbe>able4 ,,ii4 ,"u ! mo/ fav\rable conditions x is v r>e1 accord+ to my exp]i5ce1 to f9d an alto voice reta9+ its be/ qualities aft] middle age4 ,,iii4 ,! alto voice is und\bt$ly becom+ r>e4 ,on ! o!r side y h to consid]3-- ,i4 ,! limitation ( *oice 9 music1 z !re is a good deal ( 'ca!dral music' 9 :i* ! alto "p is beyond ! range ( any boy's voice4 ,,ii4 ,a c]ta9 lack ( brightness 9 ! upp] "p ( su* trios z ^? 9 ',by ! wat]s ( ,babylon' 7,boyce7 ',! wild]ness' 7,goss71 & _m l movem5ts4 ,z reg>ds ! break "q1 ! advantage1 9 my exp]i5ce1 is :olly on ! boys' side4 ,a well-tra9$ boy w s+ su* a solo z ',o ?\ t telle/1' or su* a passage z ! foll[+ )\t lett+ 8 break be felt at all3 ,illu/ration3 ,= ,?\ ha/ be5 my hope1 ha/ be5 my hope4 ,?is passage1,b :i* is f ! an!m1 ',he> my cry+1' by ,weldon1 ,i h he>d sung by an adult alto1 :o broke badly betwe5 ,e flat & ,f4 ,! effect 0 funny beyond description4 ,9 fact1 if a boys' break is ab\t ,c or ,d 7#crd space or #d? l9e71 & he ,illu/ration3 musical notation is nev] all[$ to practise above t1 !re w be no "q ( break aris+4 ,my alto boys c get a good r\nd ,g1 & five out ( ! six c g up )\t break to ,c4 ,illu/ration3 musical notation ,! advantage ( ?is 9 *ant+ ! ,psalms is obvi\s4 ,:at c an adult alto be expect$ to d 9 a case :]e ! recit+ note is close to 8 break8 ,^! are consid]ations :i* may fairly be tak5 into acc\nt ev5 :5 ! decision is to be made betwe5 possible c\rses2 :5 !re is a *oice4 ,9 _m cases !re is none4 ,x mu/ be 7z y say7 boy alto1 or no alto4 ,i am q sure t c>eful tra9+ is all t is ne$$ to make boy altos mo/ effici5t memb]s ( a *oir4 ,or r1 ,i ought to say t c>eful selection & tra9+ are bo? ne$$4 ,to take a "y boy z an alto because he happ5s to h ?ree or f\r rauc\s notes f1 say1 ,b flat to ,e flat ,illu/ration3 musical notation :ile he has a bad break betwe5 ,e flat ,illu/ration3 musical notation & ,f is1 ( c\rse1 to c\rt failure4 ,i pref] tak+ a boy ^: break lies high]1 & tra9+ 8 voice d[nw>ds4 ,if1 z a probation]1 he c get a fairly good r\nd ,b natural ,illu/ration3 musical notation or ,b flat2 l[] notes c c]ta9ly be produc$ z he gr[s old]4 ,y\rs v truly1 ,,george ,,g>rett4 ,b ,i h transpos$ ! passage f ! alto clef4--,j4 ,s4 ,c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a rem>k may be int]pos$ "h t f a physiological po9t ( view we mu/ expect voices ( diff]5t pit* 9 boys1 j z 9 girls1 wom51 & m54 ,boys diff] 9 height1 size1 & 9 ! pit* ( ! speak+ voice1 :i* is a sure guide to ! pit* ( ! s++ voice4 ,!re is ?us no physiological gr\nd = suppos+ all boys to be trebles4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! foll[+ lett] is f ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,e4 ,dickson1 ,prec5tor ( ,ely3-- ,! ,college1 ,ely1 ,octob] #cj?1 #ahij4 ,de> ,sir1--,i h mu* pleasure 9 reply+ to y\r note4 ,if ,i resolv$ to d s 9 a few words ,i %\ld be oblig$ to say t seldom inde$ d ,i he> boy altos s+ ) sweet voices & true intonation1 ei!r 9 my own c\ntry1 or 9 ^? =eign c\ntries 9 :i* ,i am 9 ! habit ( tak+ my holidays4 ,b ,i %\ld l to be all[$ to expla9 t1 9 my op9ion1 ! co>s5ess 7at any rate7 ( boy-altos 9 ,engli% *oirs is due to mismanagem5t by ! *oirma/]4 ,8 usual plan is to turn ov] to ! alto "p boys :o are los+ _! upp] notes by ! natural failure ( _! soprano voices4 ,?is saves tr\ble1 = su* boys probably read music well en\gh1 & !y are simply told to 's+ alto1' & are left to d s )\t fur!r tra9+1 until !y c croak out no m ugly noises4 ,surely ?is is q a mi/ake4 ,am ,i n "r 9 ma9ta9+ t a p]fect *oir %\ld consi/ ( ,,fir/ ,,trebles ,,t5ors ,,second ,,trebles ,,basses well balanc$ z to numb]s1 & all s++ ) pure natural quality8 ,if ,i am1 !n x foll[s t ! second trebles %\ld be precisely equal to ! fir/s 9 numb] & /r5g?1 & %\ld include boys ( v>i\s ages1 z c>efully select$ & z assidu\sly tra9$ z ! o!rs4 ,i _c b ?9k--&1 inde$1 ,i p]fectly well "k--t :]e ?is has be5 done by a skilful tea*]1 ^: he>t is 9 8 "w1 boy altos h be5 made to s+ ) sweetness & accuracy4 ,y w probably agree ) me--?\gh ?is is q by ! way--t secul> music %\ld be l>gely us$ by su* a tea*]4 ,! "p-songs ( ,m5delssohn1 = in/ance1 %\ld be troll$ out by ! two sets ( boys1 :o may ev5 int]*ange _! p>ts at practice ) ! be/ results4 ,b ( c\rse ?is is said only 9 ref]5ce to *oirs ( a high class4 ,i d n d5y t ev5 ! be/ tea*+ & ! be/ managem5t w n secure q ! same timbre :i* y get 9 *oirs ) falsetti 9 ! alto "p4 ,a c]ta9 silv]y sweetness is obta9$ f ^! voices to :i* our ,engli% e>s h become accu/om$1 & :i* we %\ld miss if boys1 h[ev] well-tra9$1 took _! places4 ,9 ! ,preces1 ,v]sicles1 ,litany1 c41 ( ! ,engli% ,*oral ,s]vice1 we %\ld be consci\s ( a loss4 ,9 ca!drals1 too1 ! complete %elv+ ( "s or ev5 _m compositions1 fav\rites by long association1 if n by intr9sic m]it1 w\ld be inevitable4 ,b ,i am unable to d\bt = a mom5t t :5 ! *ange _h be5 made1 & "t _h be5 giv5 = ! new ord] ( ?+s1 "u a ?or\ghly compet5t musician1 we %\ld n regret x4 ,at ,ely we h t5 m5 9 daily att5dance2 f\rte5 on ,sundays4 ,we keep tw5ty boys 9 tra9+4 ,if ?is vocal body 7 ?us di/ribut$3-- #aj ,,fir/ ,,trebles #e ,,t5ors 7#f on ,sunday7 #aj ,,second ,,trebles #e ,,basses 7#h on ,sunday7 we %\ld c]ta9ly be /rong] & heal?i] 9 tone & quality ?an we are n[1 ) a disproportionate numb] ( trebles1 ?us3-- #bj ,,trebles #c #d ,,t5ors #c #d ,,altos #d #f ,,basses ,z to ru/ic *oirs 9 village *ur*es1 ,i fe> ! case is hopeless1 & ,i myself %\ld be glad to see editions ( well-kn[n hymn-tunes & *ants 9 ?ree p>ts only--treble1 t5or1 & bass4 ,h&el wrote "s truly gr& *oruses 9 ?ree p>ts 9 8 ',*&os ,an!ms4' ,b 8 t5or "p is n = e-day voices6 ,believe me1 truly y\rs1 ,w4 ,e4 ,,dickson4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! foll[+1 f ,dr4 ,haydn ,keeton1 organi/ ( ,pet]bor\gh ,ca!dral1 is aga9/ boy altos3-- ,?orpe ,road1 ,pet]bor\gh1 ,decemb] #ab?1 #ahij4 ,de> ,sir1--,i h _h ab\t eighte5 ye>s' exp]i5ce ) alto boys1 & al?\gh ,i h _h "s exce$+ly good ones1 "o or two z good z x is possible1 ,i ?9k1 to h1 yet ,i mu/ say t1 9 my op9ion1 x is a bad sy/em to sub/itute boys = m51 especially 9 ca!dral music4 ,! reason :y ! *ange 0 made "h 0 t ab\t ! ye> #ahgb ?ree ( our m5 altos 7 fail+1 & ,i happ5$ to h ?ree boys ) good l[ voices1 :o took alto well4 ,9 cons5t+ to ?is *ange ,i _h no idea ( its be+ a p]man5t "o1 b ow+ to ! agricultural depression our ,*apt] h be5 q prev5t$ do+ :at !y w\ld l to d ) ! *oir4 ,! g5]al effect ( ! *ange has be5 ?is--t ,i h be5 always weak 9 trebles4 ,we are limit$ to ,pet]bor\gh = our *ori/]s1 &1 z a rule1 !re is n "o boy 9 a hundr$ :o kn[s ev5 8 notes :5 he ent]s ! *oir4 ,x takes f eighte5 mon?s to two ye>s = a boy to le>n 8 "w1 & x is n until a boy is at lea/ twelve t "o c turn him into an alto4 ,! result is t f\r ( my s5ior boys h to be turn$ into altos1 & ,i am left ) a prepond]ance ( "y1 inexp]i5c$ boys z trebles4 ,at ! pres5t "t ,i h twelve trebles1 eight ( :om are q "y4 ,9 addition1 see :at extra "w is involv$ 9 tea*+ ! boys to s+ alto4 ,"s boys d n take to alto v easily1 & ! extra "w giv5 to ! altos means t quantity tak5 f ! trebles4 ,i am unable1 9 consequ5ce1 to give ! necess>y "t to ! elem5t>y "w t "o ought to give4 ,we c only get "o h\r's practice 9 ! day1 ow+ to ! boys go+ to s*ool4 ,!n1 aga91 z to tone4 ,! tone ( a *oir ) m5 altos1 if !y are at all fairly good1 is s mu* sup]ior to "o ) boy altos4 ,9 ca!dral music s _m an!ms & s]vices h trios = ,a4,t4,b4 ,!re is n "o boy 9 a ?\s& :o c s+ ! trio 9 ',o :]e %all wisdom' 7,boyce7 ) a t5or & bass effectively4 ,& h[ _m !re are simil> to t6 ,i d n see h[ boys c\ld "w at all 9 ord9>y p>i% *oirs1 = "h !re are n ! opportunities ( tea*+ boys to read well at sight4 ,x is only by daily practice t "o c make any?+ ( boys4 ,y\rs fai?fully1 ,h4 ,,keeton4 ,dr4 ,frank ,bates1 organi/ ( ,norwi* ,ca!dral1 has fav\r$ me ) a copy ( a pap] on ! boy's voice1 9 :i* he says3-- ,! compass ( a boy's voice :5 prop]ly develop$ is f ,illu/ration3 ,c to ,a ,bb or ,c ,! *e/ or l[] regi/] ext5ds f ,illu/ration3 ,c to ,c or ,d ,! head or upp] regi/] ext5ds f ,illu/ration3 ,c or ,d to ,bb or ,c ,no fix$ compass c possibly be giv5 to ! diff]5t regi/]s1 z ! old] a boy becomes ! l[] ! *ange occurs2 ! head regi/] (t5 be+ us$ z l[ d[n z ,a4 ,illu/ration3 musical notation ,9 a lett] to me ,dr4 ,bates says3-- ,i q ?9k t1 = ord9>y p>i% *ur* s]vices1 ! effect ( boy altos1 if prop]ly taught1 is all t "o c desire4 ,9 reply to my rem>k t ! break comes 9 s awkw>dly = boy altos1 ,dr4 ,bates says3-- ,i fail to und]/& ! reason y quote = ! non-usage ( boy altos4 ,!re is no *ange :atev] 9 a boy's voice1 9 its normal /ate1 until ,illu/ration3 musical notation is rea*$4 ,if ! *ange is made l[] d[n all ! brilliancy is tak5 out ( a boy's voice4 ,z a boy gets old] he uses ! upp] regi/] mu* l[] d[n4 ,i h kn[n boys at ! age ( eighte5 ) lovely top notes b v poor *e/ regi/]4 ,9 su* cases1 :5 a boy's top regi/] comm5ces at ,illu/ration3 ,g ,i c q und]/& ! difficulty4 ,!re is evid5tly "s conflict ( nom5clature "h1 z ! limits ( ! regi/]s z giv5 by ,dr4 ,bates diff] consid]ably f ^? :i* are usual4 ,i am glad to le>n t ,dr4 ,bates is writ+ a book on ,! ,voices ( ,boys1 :i* w no d\bt cle> up ! subject4 ,9 ! pap] be=e me he recomm5ds practice ( ! scales to su* syllables z ,la1 ,fa1 ,ta1 ,pa1 9 ord] to br+ ! tone well to ! front ( ! m\?1 & re9=ce x by means ( ! s(t upp] palate4 ,he recomm5ds ! tea*] to tra9 ! boys to use ! upp] regi/] by mak+ !m s+ ov] & ov] aga91 v s(tly1 ! foll[+ notes3-- ,illu/ration3 ,*e/ ,head ,ah4444 ,"h aga9 ! transition seems to me to be tak5 mu* too high4 ,mr4 ,frank ,%>p1 ( ,dundee1 tra9] ( ! celebrat$ *ildr5's *oir1 :i* has sung ! treble & alto p>ts1 bo? solos & *oruses1 ( ,messiah1 ,/4 ,paul1 & _m cantatas1 writes to me3-- ,9 "p-s++ :]e !re are boy trebles1 ! adult male alto voice has its *>ms4 ,! contra/ 9 quality betwe5 ! op5 tone ( ! boys' voices & ! cond5s$1 sometimes squeaky sweetness ( ! man alto does n affect ! bl5d+1 & helps ! di/9ctness ( p>ts4 ,consid]+ ! gr[+ sc>city ( ?is latt] voice1 :y n use boy altos8 ,!y c be made z effective z ord9>y wom5 altos1 b !y are z %ort-liv$ & ne$ m att5tion ?an ! boy trebles4 ,_! *ief drawback is a t5d5cy to produce tone )\t ! lea/ att5tion to quality or effect save t ( noise4 ,nev]!less1 !re is no?+ to h9d] boy altos do+ all t is necess>y1 or1 inde$1 all t c be done by ! adult male alto4 ,i h tra9$ boys to s+ alto 9 ,messiah1 ,/4 ,paul1 & equally try+ music1 dur+ ! pa/ tw5ty ye>s1 & anyone else :o keeps ! girl's alto voice be=e him z a model c d ! same4 ,! boy alto voice may be said to h a husk & a k]nel3 ! "o /rid5t1 h>%1 & ov]p[]+2 ! o!r sweet1 &1 ) use1 ri* & r\nd4 ,! av]age heal?y boy1 ) 8 exub]ant love ( noise1 w naturally give ! husk1 b ! skilful voice-tra9] w only accept ! k]nel1 evolv$ f "r regi/]1 good timbre1 & prop] production4 ,see+ & he>+ a process 9 voice-tra9+ is1 h[ev]1 m satisfactory ?an mu* writ+ & ! read+ !re(4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,w4 ,w4 ,pe>son1 ma/] ( a village s*ool 9 ,norfolk1 :o is well-kn[n by 8 excell5t "p-songs1 writes to me3-- ,i succe$ v well 9 gett+ boys to s+ alto because ,i always use a l>ge numb] ( ex]cises 9 two p>ts1 mak+ ea* division ( ! class 9 turn take ! l[] "p4 ,i d n *oose boys = altos on acc\nt ( age4 ,t1 9 my op9ion1 has no?+ to d ) x4 ,i *oose !m by quality ( voice4 ,!re is no break 9 ! voice ( ! natural alto betwe5--,illu/ration3 ,g & ,c ,i f9d altos out g5]ally :5 !y are novices1 by he>+ !m try+ to s+ ) ! o!rs1 & dropp+ d[n an octave 9 high passages4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! foll[+ int]e/+ notes are by ,mr4 ,w4 ,crit*ley1 organi/1 *oirma/]1 & s*oolma/] 9 ! village ( ,hur/1 ne> ,read+3-- ,i d n *oose ! eld] boys z altos1 z ,i f9d t treble boys1 z a rule1 are at _! v be/ j be=e ! *ange ( voice4 ,& moreov]1 :5 t *ange beg9s1 ! voice is s unc]ta9 9 its intonation t if ! boy 7 put to s+ alto he w\ld be c]ta9 to drag ! o!rs d[n4 ,at pres5t ,i h "o or two boys ) r\nd1 mell[ voices1 :o are v effective4 ,un=tunately1 mo/ ( ! alto p>ts 9 hymn-tunes & *ants hov] ab\t ! place :]e ! break 9 ! voice occurs1 & x requires a lot ( practice to conqu] ! difficulty4 ,z a rule1 ,i get ! alto boys to s+ 9 ! l[] regi/]4 ,x is v seldom !y get a note :i* !y _c take 9 ?is regi/]1 s ,i tra9 x up a little1 ?us-- ,illu/ration3 ,,keys ,b to ,f4 d#a t#b l#b t#b d#a r#a m#a ,i d n see any o!r way ( gett+ ov] ! unc]ta9ty 9 ! boy alto voice4 ,x is m]ely a matt] ( "t & tr\ble4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,e4 ,taylor1 *oirma/] ( ,/4 ,m>y's1 ,p5zance1 & head-ma/] ( ! ,national ,s*ool1 says3-- ,i h _h "o or two pure alto voices1 & ^! are ! be/1 b v r>e4 ,good voices ( trebles unable to take ,illu/ration3 musical notation 7,d7 h (t5 become fair alto voices1 & my pres5t solo alto boy is "o ( ^!4 ,! trios 9 ! an!ms are tak5 by boy alto1 t5or1 & bass4 ,^! alto boys are practis$ f l[] ,g to ,c--,illu/ration3 musical notation up & d[n1 m9d+ _! p's & f's4 ,my trebles1 z a rule1 la/ until fifte5 ye>s ( age1 & altos until sixte51 & ev5 sev5te54 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,a4 ,isaac1 *oirma/] ( a *ur* 9 ,liv]pool1 says3-- ,= ! la/ tw5ty ye>s ,i h be5 cont9u\sly engag$ ) male voice *oirs 9 connection ) *ur*es too poor to pay = adult help1 &1 z y may readily guess1 ,i h nev] yet _h ! good =tune to secure1 = any l5g?1 ! s]vices ( g5tlem5 :o c\ld s+ falsetto effectively4 ,i h _h1 !re=e1 to rely solely ^u my boys = ! alto "p4 ,at ! pres5t "t my *oir1 :i* is all[$ to be up to ! m>k among/ local ,liv]pool *ur*es1 is made up ( #bb boys 7#ah treble & #d alto7 paid1 & #ad adults 7#e t5ors & #i basses7 volunt>y4 ,!re is1 ,i f9d1 no royal road to ! alto "p4 ,my c\rse is z foll[s4 ,i obta9 my boys z soon z !y are elev51 by :i* age !y h be5 made fairly famili> at my s*ool ) ! old notation on ! movable d plan4 ,!oretical in/ruction is cont9u$ side by side ) special voice-tra9+ ex]cises4 ,occasionally ,i meet ) a boy :o has a true mezzo-soprano voice1 & he is a treasure1 b 9 ! ma9 my selections are boys ) treble voices4 ,z soon z a treble %[s signs ( voice break+1 ,i let him d[n into ! alto "p4 ,! transition is n v difficult1 = by ?is "t ! boy has become a fairly good ,sol-fai/ & read]4 ,i h b to adapt ! voice-tra9+ ex]cises to him 9 company ) 8 fell[s1 & ,i h no reason to regret ! issue4 ,i take my boys always toge!r1 ) two-"p ex]cises4 ,mr4 ,/ocks ,hammond1 organi/ & *oirma/] ( ,/4 ,b>nabas1 ,brad=d1 9 a publi%$ pap] on ,boys' ,voices1 says3-- ,dur+ _m ye>s ( *oir tra9+1 ,i h exp]i5c$ v great difficulty 9 supply+ ! alto p>ts ) good m5's falsetto voices 7especially 9 volunt>y *oirs71 & ,i h !re=e be5 compell$ to h t "p sung by boys1 & exp]i5ce leads me to pref] ! boys' voices to m5's1 unless1 inde$1 !y are real alto voices1 :i* are seldom to be met )4 ,i h nev] yet _h any great difficulty 9 f9d+ boys' voices capable ( su/a9+ t "p1 & c always fill up any gaps t occur by ! foll[+ means4 ,:5ev] ,i f9d a treble beg9s to exp]i5ce a difficulty 9 s++ ! upp] notes1 & t 9 ord] to s+ !m he mu/ /ra9 8 voice1 imm$iately he is put to s+ alto1 :i* he is 9 mo/ cases able to d = "o or two ye>s1 & dur+ t "t he is ?us reta9$ z a useful memb] ( ! *oir2 = o!rwise he w\ld v soon h be5 lo/ to x entirely1 = no?+ ha/5s s mu* ! break+ ( ! voice z ! habit ( unduly /ra9+ x4 ,mr4 ,t4 ,h4 ,coll9son1 ,mus4,b41 organi/ ( ,/4 ,m>y's ,ca!dral1 ,ed9burgh1 writes to me3-- ,boy altos are a fraud & a deception1 z a rule1 ?\gh occasionally "o meets ) a natural contralto at an e>ly age4 ,ev5 !n he c g5]ally be work$ up to treble by g5tle treatm5t1 develop+ ! middle & falsetto regi/]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ord] to get to ! bottom ( ?is subject1 ,i invit$ correspond5ce 9 ! ,musical ,/&>d 7until rec5tly ! organ ( ! ,college ( ,organi/s71 & sev]al int]e/+ lett]s 7 ! result4 ,mr4 ,r4 ,t4 ,gibbons1 ,f4,c4,o41 organi/ ( ! ,groc]s' ,company's ,s*ools1 :]e excell5t p]=mances ( op]ettas are giv51 wrote3-- ,z soon z a boy's voice rea*es only ,eb he is draft$ into ! altos1 & t pres]ves 8 voice mu* long]4 ,to ?is /atem5t ,mr4 ,fr$4 ,cambridge1 organi/ ( ,croydon ,p>i% ,*ur*1 took exception4 ,he said3-- ,i d n wi% to appe> to dogmatise1 b ,i %\ld say 'z soon z a boy's voice rea*es only ,eb1' x is q "t he left (f s++ altoge!r1 i4e41 if 8 voice has previ\sly be5 a treble4 ,i "k x is ! cu/om 9 "s *oirs to make a boy s+ alto z soon z 8 voice beg9s to break4 ,9 my op9ion1 su* a c\rse is utt]ly wrong4 ,x is n only injuri\s to ! boy's voice1 b v unpleasant = ^? :o h to li/5 to x4 ,9 a s*ool ( #ejj boys1 !re ought to be no difficulty 9 f9d+ suffici5t natural altos1 )\t hav+ to rely on brok5-voic$ trebles4 ,9 my own *oir ,i frequ5tly admit altos at #aj or #aa ye>s ( age1 ) ! result t ,i get five or six ye>s' "w out ( !m1 & ! latt] "p ( _! "t !y are available = alto solos4 ,i ?9k 7& ,i speak f upw>ds ( #cj ye>s' exp]i5ce7 t if ,mr4 ,gibbons w try ?is plan1 he w f9d x mu* m satisfactory ?an draft+ 8 trebles into ! altos z soon z _! voices beg9 to break4 ,i d n ent] into ! "q ( m5 v]sus boy altos1 because x is my exp]i5ce t 9 a volunt>y *oir1 especially 9 ! c\ntry1 a really good adult alto is su* a r>a avis1 t "o is oblig$ to rely on boys1 & if !y are c>efully *os5 & tra9$1 !y are1 ,i ?9k1 q satisfactory4 ,! only place :5 "o misses ! man alto voice is 9 an!ms ) a v]se = ,a4,t4,b41 su* z ',rejoice 9 ! ,"l' 7,purcell71 ',! ,wild]ness' 7,goss71 c4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,e4 ,juleff1 organi/ ( ,bodm9 ,p>i% ,*ur*1 wrote3-- ,all[ me to say t ,i h f\nd m5 altos inf9itely pref]able to ^? ( boys4 ,9 %ort1 "o good man alto ,i h exp]i5c$ to be equal to half-a-doz5 boy altos z reg>ds tone2 & 9 respect to phras+ & read+ ,i h f\nd m5 altos decid$ly sup]ior4 ,! two g5tlem5 altos :o 7 9 my *oir at ,,ss4 ,mi*ael & ,all ,angels1 ,exet]1 7 ackn[l$g$ by ,london organi/s to be 'second to none' 9 ! prov9ces4 99 99 99 99 99 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,mr4 ,?omas ,ely1 ,f4,c4,o41 ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,lea!rhead1 gave a w>m te/imony to boy altos3-- ,i may say t 9 my *oir at ?is ,college ,i h f\r or five v good boy altos4 ,"o is exceptionally good1 possess+ a natural alto voice ( rem>kable ri*ness & beauty4 ,9 our s]vices & an!ms he takes ! solo alto p>ts1 & 9 my op9ion he is f> sup]ior to a man alto1 except 9 su* an!ms z ,wesley's ',ascribe unto ! ,"l' 7expressly writt5 = *oirs possess+ m5 altos71 9 :i* he _c take "s ( ! l[] notes4 ,! compass ( 8 voice is f ,f to ,eb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ^! lett]s & exp]i5ces !re are evid5tly two und]ly+ ideas4 ,fir/1 t ! boy alto has a naturally l[ voice2 second1 t ! boy alto is a brok5-d[n soprano4 ,= bo? ^! notions !re is "s physical f\ndation1 because !re is no d\bt t ! l[] notes ( boys ( #ab to #ad are r\nd] & full] ?an ^? ( boys ( #i to #ab4 ,h]r ,egl+]1 ( ,basel1 to ^: ma/]y ( ! subject 9 !ory & practice ,i c te/ify1 f p]sonal int]c\rse1 di/9ctly recognises ?is4 ,he says3-- ,x is only :5 boys & girls approa* ! p]iod ( *ange1 say a ye> or two be=e ! voice beg9s to break1 t a cle> *e/-voice1 correspond+ to t ( wom51 is p]ceptible4 ,9 boys at ?is /age1 ! head-voice rapidly decl9es 9 volume & height2 & :at !re is ( middle regi/] is n mu*1 nor ( great s]vice mu* long]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! *e/-tones acquire a resonance1 & 9 boys a c]ta9 gruffness1 :i*1 mix$ ) o!r voices1 imp>ts a peculi> *>m to ! *orus4 ,?us al?\gh "h & !re a boy may be f\nd ) a naturally l[ voice f ! fir/1 ! majority ( altos w be obta9$ f old] boys1 :o are approa*+ ! p]iod ( *ange4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ( mu* importance to wat* ^! boys1 & /op _! s++ :5 _! voice really gives way1 because x !n becomes unc]ta9 9 its intonation1 & is apt to spoil ! tun+ ( ! *oir4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! idea t boys mu/ n use ! ?ick or *e/ regi/] is also a mi/ake4 ,x is ! /ra9+ ( ?is regi/]1 :i* produces a h>d1 rattl+ s\nd1 t is objectionable4 ,boy altos h z mu* "r to use ! *e/ regi/]1 9 its prop] place & ) prop] res]ve ( p[]1 z wom5 altos4 ,illu/ration3 ,decoration ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,s*ools ,,= ,,*ori/]s4 ,music is n[ recognis$ z "o ( ! pr(essions1 tak+ its place by ! side ( ,law1 ,m$ic9e1 & ,div9ity4 ,p>5ts :o h boys to />t 9 life look = av5ues ( entrance to ^! v>i\s occupations4 ,& !re c be no d\bt t to be a *ori/]-boy is "o ( ! v be/ ways ( s]v+ an appr5tice%ip to music4 ,he> :at ! late ,sir ,george ,macf>r5 says on ! subject3-- ,a ca!dral *oir is ! be/ cradle = a musician our c\ntry af=ds4 ,i say ?is f ! conviction1 _m times confirm$1 t1 z an av]age1 by v f> ! be/ practical musicians1 ^? ,i mean ^: musical read9ess gives !m ! air ( hav+ music z an in/9ct or ( second nature1 ^? :o are ev] prompt ) _! tal5t to produce or to p]=m )\t prep>ation at ! requirem5t ( ! mom5t2 ^? ^: e>s are quick1 ^: wits are %>p1 & ^: utmo/ ability is ev] at _! f+]s' ends--are !y :o h pass$ _! art infancy 9 "o ( our ecclesia/ical ar5as = con/ant practice4 ,! v e>ly habit ( he>+ & p]=m+ music /imulates ! musical s5se1 & gives musical t5d5cy to all ! y\?fully supple faculties :i* be> ^u ! use ( ?is s5se4 ,! habit 9 almo/ fir/ *ildhood ( associat+ sight ) s\nd1 writt5 *>act]s ) utt]$ notes1 ! (fice ( ! eye ) t ( ! e> or ( ! voice1 :i* is ! e>'s ag5t1 does m 9 fav\rable cases to develop "s ( ! be/ ess5tials 9 an arti/1 ?an c be accompli%$ by ! unremitt+ /udy ( aft] life4 ,i say ?is feel+ly3 ,i _h n ! advantage to :i* ,i ref]1 b ,i obs]ve its influ5ce ^u ! majority ( o!rs ^: tal5t claims my be/ respect4 ,^! words put ! case ) emphasis & tru?4 ,a li/ ( =m] *oir boys 9 ! musical pr(ession1 if x c\ld be compil$1 w\ld af=d fur!r evid5ce 9 ?is matt]4 ,among compos]s ! li/ w\ld include ,ar?ur ,sullivan1 ,alfr$ ,celli]1 ,john ,/a9]1 & ,alfr$ ,gaul2 among s+]s1 ,edw>d ,lloyd & ,joseph ,maas1 :ile ! ranks ( ! tea*+ pr(ession are l>gely recruit$ f ?is s\rce4 ,lit]ature1 says ,mr4 ,h]kom]1 does n help art mu*4 ,art is le>nt by do+4 ,y _c become a musician by read+ ! matt] up1 or li/5+ to lectures4 ,musician%ip is imp>t$ m aft] ! /yle ( a moral ?an ( an intellectual p[]--l good bre$+ r ?an l ari?metic4 ,a /rik+ pro( ( ! fact t ! *ori/] boy gravitates easily into ! musical pr(ession1 & makes 8 m>k !re1 is af=d$ by ! hi/ory ( ,ro*e/] ,ca!dral boys4 ,^! include ! late ,mr4 ,joseph ,maas1 ! t5or s+]1 & ! foll[+ organi/s ( ca!drals1 all ( :om are liv+3--,dr4 ,armes 7,durham71 ,dr4 ,cr[ 7,ripon71 ,dr4 ,bridge 7,we/m9/]71 ,dr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,bridge 7,*e/]71 & ,mr4 ,wood 7,exet]74 ,^! facts make p>5ts anxi\s = in=mation z to h[ to get _! sons into *ur* & ca!dral *oirs4 ,enquiries ( ?is k9d are con/antly rea*+ me4 ,i h !re=e ?\ght x well to add to ! complet5ess ( ?is "w by collect+ in=mation f all available s\rces1 & ,i h to express my ?anks to ! ,rev4 ,prec5tors :o h s readily respond$ to my circul> ( appeal4 ,! result is 9 "s respects disappo9t+4 ,*oir bo>d+ s*ools are n num]\s1 & are n increas+ 9 numb]4 ,! agricultural depression has r$uc$ ! rev5ues ( ca!drals & colleges1 & !y are likely 9 ! future to seek out *eap] r ?an m exp5sive modes ( work+4 ,a few t[n *ur*es :i* place music 9 ! front1 h />t$ bo>d+ s*ools1 b1 z a rule1 ! *ori/]s live 9 _! homes4 ,i h no desire = ^! bo>d+ s*ools 9 ! ab/ract4 ,i "q if ! boys get m musical education by liv+ toge!r ?an !y d by com+ = x day by day4 ,b ! bo>d+ s*ool af=ds ! only opportunity = p>5ts :o d n live 9 a ca!dral t[n to get _! boys educat$ z *ori/]s4 ,! day s*ools suit ! t[nspeople well en\gh1 & "h & !re a boy f a di/ance may bo>d ) relatives or fri5ds & get into ! *oir1 b ?is is exceptional4 ,i n[ give ! results ( my enquiries4 ,,*oir ,,bo>d+ ,,s*ools4 ,,worce/] ,,ca!dral ,,*oir ,,s*ool4--,a prep>atory s*ool = ! sons ( pr(essional m54 ,boys admitt$ z probation]s n9e to elev51 on pass+ exam9ation4 ,! t5 *ori/]s & eight probation]s are lodg$1 bo>d$1 & taught toge!r at ! ,*oir ,s*ool4 ,*>ge #bf p] annum = probation]s1 & #af = *ori/]s1 plus #gs4 #f;d4 a qu>t] = wa%+4 ,pian(orte lessons #aes4 p] qu>t]4 ,boys c compete1 :5 _! voices break1 = a s*ol>%ip at ! ,ca!dral ,gramm> ,s*ool4 ,sev]al h done ?is ) success4 ,apply ,rev4 ,h4 ,h4 ,woodw>d1 ,m4,a41 ,mus4,b4 ,,we/m9/] ,,abbey ,,*oir ,,h\se4--,c&idates mu/ produce c]tificate ( baptism & be at lea/ eight ye>s ( age4 ,expect$ to possess good voice1 mod]ate k ( rudim5ts1 to be able to read & write fairly1 & to pass m$ical exam9ation4 ,all boys taught vocal music1 & facilities giv5 = le>n+ in/rum5ts4 ,ma/] ( *oir h\se responsible = _! g5]al education1 :i* includes ,engli% subjects1 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 & draw+4 ,p>5ts mu/ supply clo?+1 & usual appo9tm5ts1 s*ool books1 pocket money1 travell+ exp5ses1 & m$ical att5dance4 ,all o!r fees paid by ! ,*apt]4 ,,exet] ,,ca!dral ,,*oir ,,s*ool4--,f\rte5 *ori/]s are bo>d$ & educat$ = #aj a ye>1 & provid$ ) a suit ( clo!s ea* ye>4 ,!re are always two probation]s 9 ! s*ool f eight to t5 ye>s ( age pay+ #ce exclusive ( usual extras4 ,vacancies 9 *ori/]s usually fill$ by probation]s1 b no pl$ge giv54 ,possible grants to des]v+ *ori/]s :5 !y leave2 s*ool fees sometimes paid = six mon?s or s aft] ! voice has fail$4 ,head ma/] & exp]i5c$ matron4 ,,all ,,sa9ts1 ,,m>g>et ,,/reet1 ,,london1 ,w4--,twelve *oir boys & two accept$ boys wait+ = vacancies live 9 we/ w+ ( vic>age "u c>e ( "o ( ! cl]gy1 :o gives !m lessons ea* morn+1 a c]tificat$ ma/] tak+ !m 9 ! ev5+s4 ,aft]noon1 cricket & football 9 ,reg5t's ,p>k4 ,:ole holiday ,saturdays1 & ^? :o live ne> en\gh c g home4 ,vacations--a week 9 ,janu>y & at ,ea/]1 & #cd days 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,ea* boy sep>ate cubicle 9 dormitory4 ,boys h meals 9 d9+ hall ) cl]gy 7b at sep>ate table74 ,ea* boy pays #ab 9 fir/ ye>1 #h 9 second ye>1 & no?+ aft]w>ds4 ,gratuity ( #aj :5 voice breaks4 ,probation]s pay #e p] qu>t]1 & d ev]y?+ except s+ 9 *ur*4 ,no boy receiv$ unless p>5ts wi% him to be br\ght up 9 ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,correct e> & brilliant voice c\nt m at exam9ation ?an k ( music4 ,apply ,vic>4 ,,*apel ,,royal1 ,,/4 ,,james',s ,,palace4--,! t5 *ori/]s reside ) ,ma/]1 :o is a prie/ ( ! ,*apel ,royal4 ,free bo>d & education & great] "p ( clo?+4 ,grant ( f #cj to #dj on leav+ *oir if conduct good4 ,lat91 ,fr5*1 ,ma!matics1 & usual ,engli% subjects4 ,,ox=d1 ,,magdal5e ,,college ,,s*ool4--,sixte5 *ori/]s1 bo>d & education free4 ,admitt$ by op5 competition4 ,! s*ool is n conf9$ to *ori/]s2 x conta9s at pres5t #gj boys1 _m ( :om pass on to ! ,univ]sity4 ,,ox=d1 ,,new ,,college4--,eight s5ior & eight junior *ori/]s take "p 9 ! s]vices4 ,^! all receive free education at ! ,college ,s*ool1 b provide _! own books4 ,!y are prep>$ = ,ox=d ,local ,exam9ations1 ! ,college pay+ fees4 ,twelve *ori/]s are bo>d$ 9 ! ,s*ool ,h\se ) ! ma/]4 ,^! are arrang$ 9 two divisions accord+ to musical ability4 ,! fir/ division bo>d$ free1 ! second division pays ab\t #fs4 a week = ! #dj weeks ( ! s*ool ye>4 ,"s fees paid to s5ior boys & boys ( special value z soloi/s4 ,*ori/]s ^: p>5ts reside 9 ,ox=d receive f #ajs4 to #e a ye> accord+ to m]it & s5iority4 ,gratuity or appr5tice fee n exce$+ #dj occasionally giv54 ,,frome1 ,,som]set4--,/4 ,john ,bapti/ ,college4 ,f\nd$ by late ,rev4 ,w4 ,j4 ,e4 ,b5nett #cf ye>s ago4 ,numb] ( boys usually #ae2 ma9ta9$1 clo!d1 & educat$ on paym5t ( #gs4 a week "u twelve1 & #hs4 above4 ,no regul> holidays4 ,boys n all[$ to leave till !y h made _! fir/ communion4 ,,l9coln ,,m9/]4--,boys bo>d$ & educat$ at ,nor?gate ,s*ools at exp5se ( ,*apt]4 ,engli% subjects1 ,fr5*1 ,lat91 ,g]man1 ,draw+1 ,%or?&1 ,*emi/ry4 ,all s*ool books f\nd4 ,p>5ts pay travell+1 clo?+1 & wa%+ only4 ,small all[ance ( pocket-money4 ,f\r weeks' holiday 9 ! ye>4 ,,ea/b\rne1 ,,/4 ,,savi\r',s ,,*ur* ,,*oir ,,s*ool4--,e/abli%$ #ahgh4 ,boys admitt$ z bo>d]s or day pupils f eight ye>s ( age1 *ori/]s 7bo>d]s7 pay #cb gu9eas a ye>1 day *ori/]s #ad gu9eas4 ,in/rum5tal music1 ,g]man1 & ,draw+ are extras4 ,o!r subjects z = ,cambridge local exams4 ,t5 weeks' holiday 9 ! ye>4 ,s*ol>%ips ( f #e to #ae a ye> are aw>d$ to effici5t *ori/]s4 ,,ripon ,,ca!dral ,,*oir ,,s*ool4--,day boys "u #ad1 #f p] annum2 ov] #ad1 #h4 ,bo>d]s "u #ab1 #dj p] annum2 ov] #ab1 #de4 ,laundress1 #b4 ,usual subjects1 includ+ mod]n languages & sci5ce4 ,in/rum5tal music extra4 ,f\r *oral s*ol>%ips at #cj1 eight at #be1 & six = probation]s at #bj4 ,pupils prep>$ = ,univ]sity ,local ,exam9ations1 ,prelim9>y ,law1 & ,m$ical1 c4 ,playgr\nd1 work%op1 cricket field1 libr>y1 s*ool magaz9e4 ,,/4 ,,paul',s ,,ca!dral ,,*oir ,,s*ool4--,bo>d & education free3 p>5ts provide clo!s1 travell+1 & pocket money4 ,good voices & musical tal5t necess>y4 ,easy prelim9>y exam9ation 9 ,scripture1 ?ree ,r's1 & ,lat94 ,c&idates mu/ be betwe5 #h & #aj4 ,two or ?ree exam9ations are held ea* ye> accord+ z !re are vacancies4 ,c\rse ( /udy z usual = public s*ools4 ,piano & viol9 extra4 ,holidays at ,*ri/mas1 ,ea/]1 & ,summ]4 ,weekly half-holiday4 ,private field 9 suburbs = games4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,russell1 ,succ5tor1 is head ma/]4 ,,salisbury ,,ca!dral4--,bo>d+ s*ool = *ori/]s 9 ! ,close4 ,eighte5 boys4 ,p>5ts pay #ae a ye>4 ,s*ool has also "s pupils :o are n *ori/]s4 ,usual subjects ( second>y s*ool4 ,"o ex-*ori/] is n[ a s*ol> ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,! ma/] is a ,m9or ,canon4 ,boys admitt$ by competition2 ^? f neighb\rhood ( ,salisbury pref]r$4 ,end[m5t ( ne>ly #a1jjj a ye> = ! *oir4 ,,all ,,sa9ts1 ,,clifton4--,*oir s*ool = ! *ori/]s ( ,all ,sa9ts ,*ur*1 :o c be prep>$ = public s*ools or comm]cial life4 ,!re are tw5ty *oir s*ol>%ips1 rang+ 9 value f #aj to #be a ye>4 ,a boy hold+ a junior s*ol>%ip may at any "t be elect$ to "o ( high] value4 ,s*ool fees = *ori/]s #g to #aj gu9eas a t]m4 ,*ori/]s may rema9 at ! s*ool aft] voice breaks at discretion ( head-ma/]4 ,holidays at ,summ]1 ,*ri/mas1 & ,ea/]4 ,! s*ool is op5 to boys g5]ally1 :e!r *ori/]s or n4 ,,! ,,vic>',s ,,*oir ,,s*ool1 ,,hull4--,int5d$ = ! *ori/]s ( ,holy ,tr9ity ,*ur*4 ,s*ool fee1 #aj #ajs4 p] annum4 ,bo>d]s #dj p] annum4 ,t5 s*ol>%ips ( ! value ( #aj #ajs41 t5 value #h #hs41 & tw5ty value #e #es4 ,am\nt ( s*ol>%ip d$uct$ f bo>d+ fee 9 case ( ^? :o are admitt$ into *oir4 ,?irte5 weeks' holiday dur+ ! ye>4 ,,ox=d1 ,,*ri/ ,,*ur* ,,ca!dral ,,s*ool4--,boys are all sons ( cl]gym5 or o!r pr(essional m54 ,eight *ori/]s educat$1 bo>d$1 & lodg$ free ( exp5se4 ,eight probation]s1 :o1 if approv$1 become *ori/]s z vacancies occur4 ,probation>y p]iod usually f #b to #b-a_/b ye>s4 ,probation]s pay #be a ye>4 ,a few extras1 & fee ( #c #cs4 on election ( probation] to *ori/]%ip4 ,e boy is1 if possible1 pass$ ?r\gh ! ,ox=d ,local ,exam9ations4 ,mon?'s holiday 9 summ]1 & %ort leave ( abs5ce ei!r at ,*ri/mas or ,ea/]1 if p>ticul>ly desir$4 ,election by competition aft] trial ( voice & e>4 ,,w9*e/] ,,ca!dral4--,sixte5 *ori/]s s+ 9 ! s]vices4 ,^! receive education free1 a clo?+ gratuity ( #e a ye>1 & a leav+ gratuity ( f #e to #bj1 accord+ to m]it & l5g? ( s]vice4 ,!re are f\r bo>d+ s*ol>%ips1 :i* leave ! p>5ts only #e a ye> to pay4 ,six ( ! *ori/]s are f\ndation boys4 ,( ^!1 ! two s5iors receive #d a ye>1 & ! two juniors #b a ye>1 b bo>d+ s*ol>%ips & f\ndation money are n giv5 to ! same boys4 ,!re are also f\r to eight probation]s :o supply vacancies1 if on second trial _! voices are approv$4 ,^! receive free education4 ,!re are sixty boys 9 ! s*ool4 ,,t5bury1 ,,/4 ,,mi*ael',s ,,college4--,f\nd$ by ! late ,rev4 ,sir ,fr$]ick ,gore-,ouseley 9 #ahef4 ,!re are eight *ori/]s1 bo>d$ & educat$ free4 ,also eight probation]s1 f :om ! *ori/]s are select$1 :o pay #dj gu9eas a ye>4 ,common]s1 i4e41 boys :o d n hold s*ol>%ips1 & are n probation]s1 pay #fj gu9eas a ye>2 two or m bro!rs #ee gu9eas a ye>4 ,pref]5ce is giv5 9 all elections to ! sons ( cl]gym54 ,?irte5 weeks' holiday 9 ! ye>4 ,s\nd classical & ma!matical education1 to fit = s*ol>%ips & ! high] =ms at public s*ools4 ,heal?y situation1 9 c\ntry4 ,,education ,,only4 ,,bri/ol ,,ca!dral4--,boys att5d ,ca!dral ,gramm> ,s*ool1 :]e !re are #ajj boys4 ,,gl\ce/] ,,ca!dral4--,boys educat$ & paid up to #aj p] annum4 ,,/4 ,,asaph4--,boys educat$ at ,gramm> ,s*ool4 ,,wells4--,boys educat$ at ,ca!dral ,gramm> ,s*ool4 ,,york4--,boys s5t to ,ar*bi%op ,holgate's ,s*ool4 ,,truro4--,probation]s1 aft] s]v+ at lea/ ?ree mon?s1 may be admitt$ *ori/]s1 & receive small qu>t]ly paym5t4 ,f ^! are elect$ ! *oir s*ol>s1 ( :om !re are n[ t54 ,^! receive free education & a qu>t]ly gratuity4 ,"o boy1 ) rem>kable contralto voice1 comes f a di/ance1 & is bo>d$ & educat$ at exp5se ( ,dean & ,*apt]4 ,enl>g$ numb] ( bo>d]s contemplat$4 ,,/4 ,,pet]',s1 ,,eaton ,,squ>e1 ,,london1 ,w4--,special day s*ool ) ma/]4 ,boys h midday d9n]1 ) tea on practice & late s]vice nights4 ,bo>d+ s*ool =m]ly exi/$1 b is giv5 up4 ,,durham ,,ca!dral4--,no bo>d+ s*ool4 ,,ely ,,ca!dral4--,no bo>d+ s*ool4 ,,bangor4--,*ori/]s br\ght up 9 ,national or ,gramm> ,s*ool4 ,,temple ,,*ur*1 ,,london4--,boys att5d ,/ation]s' ,s*ool4 ,,pet]bor\gh ,,ca!dral4--,boys educat$ at ,k+'s ,s*ool4 ,,*i*e/] ,,ca!dral4--,boys taught at ,preb5dal ,s*ool4 ,,inv]ness ,,ca!dral4--,no bo>d+ s*ool4 ,,armagh ,,ca!dral4--,a day s*ool = ! *oir boys4 ,,hampton ,,c\rt1 ,,*apel ,,royal4--,no bo>d+ s*ool4 ,,newca/le-,,on-,,tyne ,,ca!dral4--,no bo>d+ s*ool4 ,,man*e/] ,,ca!dral4--,a special day s*ool = ! *oir boys1 taught by a lay cl]k4 ,eighte5 to tw5ty boys receive education free1 & f\r f\ndation boys receive #bj p] annum4 ,! ,prec5tor likes to h ! boys at n9e4 ,,li*field ,,ca!dral4--,day s*ool taught by a deputy lay cl]k1 ! succ5tor tak+ ,lat91 ,engli%1 & ,div9ity4 ,,dubl91 ,,/4 ,,patrick',s ,,ca!dral4--,no bo>d+ s*ool4 ,,p]? ,,ca!dral4--,no s*ool4 ,,l9coln',s ,,inn4--,*ori/]s educat$1 b n bo>d$4 ,,norwi* ,,ca!dral4--,no bo>d+ s*ool4 ,,c>lisle ,,ca!dral4--,no bo>d+ s*ool4 ,,ro*e/] ,,ca!dral4--,boys live at home1 & att5d ,ca!dral ,s*ool1 :i* is n especially = *ori/]s4 ,,liv]pool ,,ca!dral4--,no bo>d+ s*ool4 ,,s\?well ,,m9/]4--,no bo>d+ s*ool4 ,,/4 ,,alban',s ,,ca!dral4--,no bo>d+ s*ool4 ,f ^! p>ticul>s x w be ga!r$ t ! prevail+ cu/om is = *ori/] boys to live at home & give _! voices 9 return = free education4 ,! v>i\s bo>d+ s*ools describ$ diff] mu* 9 ! t]ms !y (f]1 & x may be said g5]ally t only an exceptionally good voice & a p]sonal introduction are likely to succe$ 9 ^? cases :]e free bo>d & education are giv54 ,! numb] ( c&idates is s l>ge t selection is difficult4 ,illu/ration3 ,decoration ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,conc]t ,,songs ,,= ,,boys4 ,9 ?is li/ ,i h includ$ songs ) innoc5t1 hopeful1 joy\s words su* z boys may hone/ly s+4 ,words dwell+ ) sadness on ! pa/1 or speak+ ( life z bitt]1 ,i h exclud$4 ,convivial & amatory s5tim5ts h also be5 rul$ out4 ,z to ! music1 ,i h exclud$ songs ) difficulties ( vocalisation4 ,! keys *os5 are ^? be/ suit$ to treble boys1 br++ ! melody z ne>ly z possible betwe5 ,f & ,f#a1 ) an occasional ,g#a4 ,! li/ is by no means exhau/ive1 & mu/ be reg>d$ m]ely z a dip 9 ! ocean ( ballads4 ,i %all be mu* oblig$ to correspond5ts :o w sugge/ suitable additions4 ,compos]4 ,title & ,key4 ,publi%]4 ,abt1 ,franz 444 ,o little ?ru% 7,c7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,adams1 ,/eph5 444 ,song ( ! sailor boy 7,e flat7 ,r4 ,cocks ,adams1 ,/eph5 444 ,! cry ( ! little ones 7,e flat74444 ,boosey ,addison1 ,r4 ,b4 444 ,violets 7,f7 444 ,/anley ,lucas ,all51 ,g4 ,b4 444 ,! little drumm] 7,f7 444 ,a%d[n ,almond1 ,e4 444 ,butt]cups & daisies 7,d7 444 ,a%d[n ,&]ton1 ,t4 444 ,! bells ( ,%&on 7,d7 444 ,*appell ,&r1 ,f4 ,a4 444 ,a ,briti% *e] = ,engl&'s ,que5 7,f7 444 ,*appell ,bailey1 ,w4 ,j4 444 ,make-believes 7,e flat7 444 ,a%d[n ,b>k]1 ,geo4 444 ,a heal? to ! outw>d-b\nd 7,b flat7 444 ,*appell ,b>nby1 ,joseph 444 ,an ev5+ melody 7,f7 444 ,morley ,b>nby1 ,joseph 444 ,t hav5 fair 7,e flat7 444 ,morley ,b>nett1 ,j4 ,f4 444 ,! ,m9/rel 7,g7 444 ,/anley ,lucas ,b>ri1 ,odo>do 444 ,9 ! cloi/]s 7,b flat7 444 ,morley ,b>ri1 ,odo>do 444 ,! beaute\s song 7,f7 444 ,cram] ,b>ri1 ,odo>do 444 ,! *ild & ! fl[]s 7,e flat7 444 ,a%d[n ,behr5d1 ,a4 ,h4 444 ,g5tleman ,jack 7,c7 444 ,patey ,willis ,behr5d1 ,a4 ,h4 444 ,! angel's promise 7,f7 444 ,boosey ,behr5d1 ,a4 ,h4 444 ,! ,gift 7,f7 444 ,boosey ,behr5d1 ,a4 ,h4 444 ,two *ildr5 7,a7 444 ,patey ,willis ,b5nett1 ,/]ndale 444 ,dawn1 g5tle fl[] 444 ,novello ,bevan1 ,fr$ 444 ,gladsome tid+s 7,e flat7 444 ,patey ,willis ,bevan1 ,fr$ 444 ,i'll be a soldi]1 "m 7,a7 444 ,patey ,willis ,bevan1 ,fr$ 444 ,! ,admiral's broom 7,f m9or7 444 ,eno* ,bi%op1 ,r 444 ,*ime aga91 beautiful bells 7,b flat7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,bott]hill1 ,jessie 444 ,pack cl\ds away 7,c7 444 ,/anley ,lucas ,bott]hill1 ,jessie 444 ,! ,l>k 7,f7 444 ,/anley ,lucas ,buck1 ,dudley 444 ,:5 ! he>t is "y 444 ,boosey ,*]ry1 ,j4 ,w4 444 ,g5tle ,spr+ 7,g7 444 ,a%d[n ,*]ub9i 444 ,ave ,m>ia 444 ,*e%am1 ,e4 ,m4 444 ,fire 7,g7 444 ,cram] ,cobb1 ,g4 ,f4 444 ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots 444 ,london ,music ,pub4 ,co4 ,cobb1 ,g4 ,f4 444 ,v]sailles 444 ,london ,music ,pub4 ,co4 ,cobb1 ,g4 ,f4 444 ,k5ilwor? 444 ,metzl] ,co/a1 ,mi*ael 444 ,morn+ ,pray] ,eli7alto7 444 ,j4 ,williams ,c[51 ,f4 ,h4 444 ,*ildr5's dreams 7,e m9or7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,c[51 ,f4 ,h4 444 ,! ,*ildr5's ,home 7,d7 444 ,morley ,c[51 ,f4 ,h4 444 ,te>s 7alto7 444 ,c[51 ,f4 ,h4 444 ,! wat*man & ! *ild 7,f7 444 ,morley ,c[>d1 ,j4 ,m4 444 ,! butt]fly & ! humble bee 444 ,metzl] ,co4 ,davis1 ,miss 444 ,:at is t1 "m8 7,a flat7 444 ,a%d[n ,dick1 ,cots=d 444 ,! ,angel's ,gift 7,f7 444 ,morley ,diehl1 ,l\is 444 ,de> ,engl& 7,c7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,elmore1 ,frank 444 ,*ild & ! sunbeams 7,c7 444 ,/anley ,lucas ,f>ebro!r1 ,b4 444 ,re9e d'am\r 444 ,flood1 ,edw9 444 ,! gipsy's life 7,c7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,fo/]1 ,m4 ,b4 ,! "m's grave 7,e m9or7 alto ,/anley ,lucas ,fro/1 ,c4 ,j4 444 ,y\?ful ,songs 444 ,novello ,gabriel1 ,v4 ,*ildr5's voices alto 444 ,gatty1 ,a4 ,s4 444 ,?ree little pigs 7,a flat7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,gibsone1 ,ignace 444 ,! man-o'-w>'s man 7,d7 444 ,patey ,willis ,gilletto1 ,paul 444 ,lead1 k9dly light 7,a m9or7 444 ,phillips ,page ,glov]1 ,/eph5 444 ,! fl[] ga!r]s 7,e7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,g\nod1 ,c4 444 ,= ev] ) ! ,"l 7,d7 444 ,phillips ,page ,g\nod1 ,c4 444 ,glory to ,!e1 my ,god 7,d7 444 ,phillips ,page ,g\nod1 ,c4 444 ,! ,k+ ( ,love 7,e flat7 alto 444 ,phillips ,page ,grazia1 ,e4 ,n4 444 ,laugh :ile y may 7,d7 444 ,a%d[n ,gre5hill1 ,j4 444 ,! ,canadian h]d-boy 7,f7 alto 444 ,/anley ,lucas ,gyde1 ,m>g>et 444 ,! song ( ! rob9 7,d7 444 ,a%d[n ,hatton1 ,j4 ,l4 444 ,! cause ( ,engl&'s greatness 7,f7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,hatton1 ,j4 ,l4 444 ,song %\ld brea! ( sc5ts & fl[]s 444 ,a%d[n ,hatton1 ,j4 ,l4 444 ,blossoms 444 ,a%d[n ,haw?orne1 ,alice 444 ,he>? & home 7,g7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,he*t1 ,e4 444 ,! innoc5t *ild 7,c7 444 ,/anley ,lucas ,hobson1 ,m4 444 ,! peaceful ,sabba? bell 7,f7 444 ,*appell ,horn]1 ,b4 ,w4 444 ,9 ! cloi/]s 7,e flat7 444 ,/anley ,lucas ,jackson1 ,j4 444 ,ca!dral ,memories 7,e flat7 444 ,morley ,kj]ulf1 ,halfdan 444 ,asleep 7,e7 444 ,/anley ,lucas ,lemo9e1 ,e4 444 ,! %ip-boy's pray] 7,c m947 alto 444 ,/anley ,lucas ,liebe1 ,l\is 444 ,! /ripl+'s arm\r 7,c m9or7 444 ,/anley ,lucas ,lhr1 ,f4 ,n4 444 ,suff] ! little *ildr5 7,f7 444 ,cram] ,maccabe1 ,f4 444 ,butt]cups & daisies 7,d7 444 ,*appell ,mack5zie1 ,h4 444 ,! lion flag ( ,engl& 7,g7 444 ,patey ,willis ,m>zials1 ,!o 444 ,! fairy ,jane 7,b flat7 444 ,eno* ,m5delssohn 444 ,! ,savoy>d's ,return 444 ,novello ,m(fat1 ,d\glas 444 ,! *ild's pray] 7,f7 444 ,/anley ,lucas ,moir1 ,f4 ,l4 444 ,*ildr5 asleep 7,f7 444 ,boosey ,moir1 ,f4 ,l4 444 ,he w =give 7,c7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,molloy1 ,j4 ,l4 444 ,home1 de>ie1 home 7,f7 444 ,boosey ,molloy1 ,j4 ,l4 444 ,! little mat* girl 7,g m9or7 444 ,*appell ,molloy1 ,j4 ,l4 444 ,! sailor's dance 444 ,boosey ,molloy1 ,j4 ,l4 444 ,dresd5 ,*9a 444 ,boosey ,morgan1 ,franz 444 ,a fair] g>d5 7,c7 444 ,cram] ,(f5ba* 444 ,spr+1 spr+ 7,babil & ,bij\7 444 ,p>k]1 ,h5ry 444 ,j]usalem 7,g7 444 ,cram] ,pattison1 ,t4 ,mee 444 ,blossoms1 fair blossoms 444 ,curw5 ,piccolom9i1 ,m4 444 ,dolorosa 444 ,orsborn ,piccolom9i1 ,m4 444 ,et]nal re/ 444 ,orsborn ,piccolom9i1 ,m4 444 ,9 ,manus ,tuas 7,f7 444 ,morley ,piccolom9i1 ,m4 444 ,ora pro nobis 444 ,orsborn ,piccolom9i1 ,m4 444 ,salva nos1 dom9e 444 ,orsborn ,piccolom9i1 ,m4 444 ,sancta ,m>ia 444 ,orsborn ,piccolom9i1 ,m4 444 ,! soldi] ( ! cross 444 ,orsborn ,piccolom9i1 ,m4 444 ,! two *oirs 444 ,orsborn ,p9suti1 ,ciro 444 ,heav5's *ori/] 7,c7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,p9suti1 ,ciro 444 ,! old ca!dral 7,d7 444 ,morley ,p9suti1 ,ciro 444 ,! t\* ( a vani%$ h& 7,g7 444 ,cram] ,p9suti1 ,ciro 444 ,welcome1 pretty primrose 444 ,ricordi ,r&egg]1 ,a4 444 ,save me1 ,o ,god 7,b flat7 444 ,/anley ,lucas ,r&egg]1 ,a4 444 ,joy\s ,life 444 ,rawl+s1 ,a4 ,j4 444 ,! di/ant city alto 444 ,m>%all ,rob9son1 ,j4 444 ,a ,hu% ,song 7,f7 444 ,j4 ,williams ,rodney1 ,paul 444 ,alone on ! raft 7,g7 444 ,eno* ,rodney1 ,paul 444 ,calv>y 7,d7 444 ,eno* ,rodney1 ,paul 444 ,! bells ( ,/ ,m>y's 7,d7 444 ,eno* ,rodney1 ,paul 444 ,via ,dolorosa 7,g7 444 ,eno* ,rodwell1 ,g4 ,h4 444 ,y\r boy 9 blue 7,f7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,roeckel1 ,j4 ,l4 444 ,capta9 ,d&o 7,e flat7 444 ,eno* ,roeckel1 ,j4 ,l4 444 ,cr[n+ ! seasons 7,d7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,roeckel1 ,j4 ,l4 444 ,h>k6 ! dogs d b>k6 7,a7 444 ,cram] ,ri*>ds1 ,br9ley 444 ,let ! hills res\nd 7,e flat7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,ri*>ds1 ,br9ley 444 ,"m1 ?\ art f> away 7,f7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,smallwood1 ,w4 444 ,a song = ! l& ,i love 7,c7 444 ,*appell ,sm>t1 ,h5ry 444 ,victoria 7,b flat7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,sm>t1 ,h5ry 444 ,by ! blue sea alto 444 ,metzl] ,sm>t1 ,h5ry 444 ,dropp+ d[n ! tr\bl$ riv] 444 ,novello ,sm>t1 ,h5ry 444 ,! birds 7 tell+ "o ano!r 7,f7 444 ,a%d[n ,som]vell1 ,ar?ur 444 ,f\r songs ( ,innoc5ce 444 ,/anley ,lucas ,songs = ,boys 7#bj songs1 price #f;d47 444 444 ,boosey ,songs = ,"y ,girls 7#ah songs1 #as47 444 444 ,boosey ,/]ick]1 ,a4 ,c4 444 ,! ,ivy ,gre5 7,b flat7 alto 444 ,/anley ,lucas ,/reet1 ,a4 444 ,! birdie's ball 7,d7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,/releski1 ,anton 444 ,violets 7,g7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,sullivan1 ,a4 ,s4 444 ,! *ori/] 7alto7 444 ,metzl] ,sullivan1 ,a4 ,s4 444 ,:at does little birdie say 444 ,a%d[n ,sullivan1 ,a4 ,s4 444 ,! ,sailor's ,grave 7,e flat7 444 ,a%d[n ,t\rs1 ,b]?old 444 ,jesu1 lov] ( my s\l 7,d7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,t\rs1 ,b]?old 444 ,! dog & ! %ad[ 7,g7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,t\rs1 ,b]?old 444 ,! new k+dom 7,d7 444 ,morley ,trotre1 ,h4 444 ,?ree m5 9 a boat 7,c7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,wallace1 ,w4 ,v4 444 ,sc5es t are brighte/ 7,f7 444 ,hut*+s ,wal%1 ,m>ian 444 ,! sailor boy 7,c7 444 ,/anley ,lucas ,watson1 ,m4 444 ,an ,engli%man's h\se is 8 ca/le 7,c7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,watson1 ,m4 444 ,little birdie m9e 7,d7 444 ,a%d[n ,watson1 ,m4 444 ,little ,lady ,b\ntiful 7,f7 444 ,a%d[n ,watson1 ,m4 444 ,lov$ & sav$ 7,b flat7 444 ,eno* ,watson1 ,m4 444 ,our de> old home 7,d7 444 ,patey ,willis ,watson1 ,m4 444 ,! ,p[d]-monkey 7,g7 444 ,patey ,willis ,watson1 ,m4 444 ,!re's a ,fri5d = little *ildr5 7,a7 444 ,patey ,willis ,watson1 ,m4 444 ,trafalg> 7,e flat7 444 ,patey ,willis ,watson1 ,m4 444 ,two bells 7,g7 444 ,patey ,willis ,we/1 ,j4 ,e4 444 ,! roseate hues 7alto7 444 ,a%d[n ,we/1 ,w4 444 ,i am a honey-bee 7,g7 444 ,a%d[n ,wrightson1 ,w4 ,t4 444 ,be happy1 & nev] despair 7,g7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,wrightson1 ,w4 ,t4 444 ,cottage & ?rone 7,e flat7 444 ,r4 ,cocks ,old ,song 444 ,sir ,guy ( ,w>wick 7,f7 444 ,*appell 444 ,! ,m9/rel ,boy 444 ,boosey 444 ,*>lie is my d>l+ 444 ,boosey 444 ,love 0 once a little boy 444 ,boosey 4444 444 ,! ,skipp] & 8 ,boy 7,f7 444 ,hut*+s ,,index4 ,,page ,abuse ( ! voice1 #a ,agricultural di/ricts1 #di ,alto boys1 #ge ,altos1 ,adult male1 #ge ,balance ( p>ts1 #af ,b>nes1 ,rev4 ,w4 ,m41 #bc ,b>nicott1 ,mr41 #ae ,bates1 ,dr4 ,frank1 #ha ,behnke1 ,mr41 #ad1 #ag ,b]l91 ,/4 ,m>y's1 #ga ,bo>d+ ,s*ools1 ,*oir1 #ib ,break+ ( ! boy's voice1 #c ,brea?1 ,managem5t ( !1 #f1 #fg ,br$51 ,mr4 ,ow51 #ga ,bridge1 ,dr41 #fj ,brooks1 ,mr4 ,walt]1 #ae1 #cd ,cambridge1 ,mr4 ,f41 #hg ,cant]bury ,ca!dral1 #fd ,ca!dral *oirma/]s1 #ei ,*ange to man's voice1 #c ,*ant+1 #fb ,*apel ,royal1 ,/4 ,james's1 #ei ,*e/ voice1 #bd ,*oir ,guild1 #i ,*oos+ boys1 #ba ,*ori/]s1 ,s*ools =1 #ij ,*ur*ill1 #eb ,clem5t ,danes1 ,/41 ,/r&1 #gb ,cl]gyman's daught]1 ,!1 #ee ,cold1 ,s++ dur+ a1 #b ,coll>-bone brea?+1 #f ,coll9son1 ,mr4 ,t4 ,h41 #ag1 #hf ,conc]t songs = boys1 #ii ,consonants1 #bg ,c\ntry boys1 #di ,cres]1 ,dr41 #fi ,crit*ley1 ,mr4 ,w41 #di1 #hd ,curw51 ,john1 ,regi/] names1 #ab ,day ,s*ools1 ,*oir1 #if ,deacon1 ,mr4 ,h41 #bg ,demack1 ,miss1 #eb ,diaphragm brea?+1 #f ,dickson1 ,rev4 ,w4 ,e41 #be1 #gh ,discipl9e1 ,pres]v+1 #h ,donald1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,a41 #cc1 #gd ,dunn1 ,s9clair1 ,voice exs41 #ac ,ed9burgh1 ,/4 ,m>y's1 #ag1 #hf ,egl+]1 ,h]r1 #ae1 #ce1 #hh ,ely1 ,mr4 ,?omas1 #hh ,ely1 ,! *oir at1 #gh ,e1 ,! v[el1 #ag ,evans1 ,mr41 #ej ,feeble voice1 ,a1 #a ,f9es1 #ag ,flatt5+1 #ca1 #cb ,g>rett1 ,dr41 #gf ,gaul1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,r41 #ff ,gibbons1 ,mr4 ,r4 ,t41 #hf ,gilb]t1 ,mr4 ,b]n>d1 #c1 #af ,girls1 ,imitat+1 #ej1 #ec ,hammond1 ,mr4 ,/ocks1 #af1 #hf ,heal? & s++1 #b ,helmore1 ,rev4 ,f4 ,j41 #bc ,helmore1 ,rev4 ,?omas41 #ei ,hibb]d1 ,mr4 ,c41 #cd1 #eg ,hopk9s1 ,dr4 ,e4 ,j41 #fa ,husb&1 ,rev4 ,e41 #aj ,indi/9ctness1 #bg ,infant ,s*ool1 ,!1 #db ,inton+1 #ag1 #eb ,isaac1 ,mr4 ,a41 #he ,juleff1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,e41 #hg ,keeton1 ,dr4 ,haydn1 #fg1 #hj ,knapp1 ,mr4 ,f4 ,j41 #gb ,lady tea*]s1 #eb ,le$s ,p>i% ,*ur*1 #fi ,l9coln ,ca!dral1 #fb ,l9coln's ,inn ,*apel1 #fa ,lloyd1 ,dr4 ,c4 ,h41 #fc ,longhur/1 ,dr41 #fe ,long s]vices1 #h ,macf>r51 ,sir ,george1 #ij ,mack5zie1 ,sir ,morell1 #c ,manag+ *oir boys1 #h ,mann1 ,rev4 ,w41 #bd ,m>k's1 ,/41 ,*elsea1 #ga ,m>t91 ,dr4 ,g4 ,c41 #b ,m5tal effects1 #cb1 #cd ,mix$ s*ools1 #cb ,mhlfeld1 ,h]r1 #gc ,norfolk voices1 #ef ,norwi*1 ,dr4 ,buck at1 #ff ,o',rell1 ,max1 #h ,ox=d1 ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 #fc ,p>b]y1 ,mr4 ,george1 #ec ,p>i% *ur* *oirma/]s1 #fi ,paul's1 ,/41 ,ca!dral1 #ei ,pe>son1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,w41 #cc1 #ef1 #hd ,pet]'s1 ,/41 ,eaton ,squ>e1 #i1 #gj ,pian(orte = rehe>sal1 #cb ,prizes = *oir boys1 #i ,pronunciation 9 s++1 #bg1 #df ,pub]ty1 ,age (1 #c ,regi/]s1 ,!1 #ab ,rib brea?+1 #f ,ri*>dson1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,h41 #ce1 #dj ,rob]ti1 ,signor1 #cf ,roney1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,b41 #i1 #af ,rural di/ricts1 #di ,salisbury ,ca!dral1 #fg ,salisbury ,diocese1 #bc ,salzung5 ,*oir1 #gc ,saxton1 ,mr4 ,r4 ,h41 #c1 #ai ,s*ools = *ori/]s1 #ij ,s*ool tea*]1 ,!1 #da ,s5tim5t ab\t *oir boys1 #aa ,s]gison1 ,mr4 de ,manbey1 #i1 #gj ,%>p5+1 #ce ,%>p1 ,mr4 ,frank1 #hc ,sight-s++1 #cj ,s++ by e>1 #bi ,s++ by note1 #bi ,s++ out ( tune1 #ca ,songs = boys1 #ii ,s\?1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,l41 #fg ,/a9]1 ,sir ,john1 #ac ,/eggall1 ,dr41 #fa ,/ew>t1 ,rev4 ,c4 ,h41 #be ,/one1 ,alfr$1 #bi ,/rakos*1 ,m41 #ae ,swanley boys1 #ce1 #dj ,taylor1 ,mr4 ,james1 #gf ,taylor1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,e41 #bj1 #he ,temp]1 ,uncontroll$1 #aj ,temple ,*ur*1 #fa ,?ick regi/]1 #ab1 #hi ,?9 regi/]1 #ab ,tonic ,sol-fa c]tificates1 #i1 #bj1 #bi1 #dg ,tonic ,sol-fa sy/em1 #cj1 #ej1 #ea1 #ec1 #eg1 #gj1 #gc ,tra9+ ( boys' voices1 #dj ,tun+ boys up1 #af1 #gc ,upton ,cross ,s*ool1 #gd ,voice tra9+1 #ab ,weekes1 ,rev4 ,w4 ,j41 #ce ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 #fj ,work+ class boys1 #aj ,york%ire voices1 #ad ,"y1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,m41 #bf1 #fb