,/4 ,paul's ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians ,a ,practical ,exposition ,,by ,,! ,,"r ,,rev4 ,,*>les ,,gore1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,d4 ,,"l ,,bi%op ,,( ,,worce/] ,,fif? ,,impression ,,twelf? ,,?\s& ,,london ,,john ,,murray1 ,,albem>le ,,/reet #aijb ,a ,s]ies ( ,simple ,expositions ( ,portions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,,by ,,! ,,"r ,,rev4 ,,dr4 ,,gore4 ,,! ,,s]mon ,,on ,,! ,,m\nt4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #c_/f4 ,,! ,,epi/le ,,to ,,! ,,ephesians4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #c_/f4 ,,! ,,epi/le ,,to ,,! ,,romans4 #b ,vols41 ,cr[n #hvo1 #c_/f ea*4 ,ox=d ,,horace ,,h>t1 ,,pr9t] ,,to ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,to ,,james ,l4 ,,h\ghtel+ ,,( ,,*icago ,,! ,,f\nd] ,,& ,,presid5t ,,( ,,! ,,bro!rhood ,,( ,,/4 ,,&rew ,,& ,,to ,,all ,,! ,,bro!rhood ,,:i* ,,9 ,,m ,,s5ses ,,?an ,,"o ,,he ,,repres5ts vi ,,preface ,! fav\rable reception accord$ to an exposition ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt has enc\rag$ me to attempt ano!r practical explanation ( a portion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 9 ! int]e/ ( su* read]s z are intellig5t inde$1 b nei!r are nor hope to become critical s*ol>s4 ,an imm5se deal has be5 done ( late to assi/ ,new ,te/am5t s*ol>%ip1 b :ile ! /udies ( ! s*ol> make progress1 ! ord9>y ,*ri/ian 'read+ ( ! ,bible' is1 ,i fe>1 at be/ at a /&/ill4 ,?is little book !n is int5d$ to make "o ( ,/4 ,paul's epi/les z intelligible z may be to ! ord9>y read]1 & s to enable him to make a practical religi\s use ( x1 'to read1 m>k1 le>n & inw>dly dige/' x4 viii ,! me?od pursu$1 9 ! ma91 has be5 to let ea* section ( ! epi/le be prec$$ by an analysis or p>aphrase ( ! tea*+ x conta9s1 9 :i* x is hop$ t no elem5t 9 ! tea*+ is left unnotic$1 & foll[$ by su* fur!r explanations ( p>ticul> phrases1 or practical reflections1 z seem to be ne$$4 ,i h avoid$ z f> z possible all discussion ( rival views1 & giv5 simply :at are1 9 my judgem5t1 ! be/ explanations4 ,i h v5tur$ to d$icate ?is book to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,bro!rhood ( ,/4 ,&rew1 because 7see app4 note ,d1 p4 #bfd7 t society repres5ts surely a brave attempt to realize "s ( ! *ief practical lessons :i* ?is epi/le is int5d$ to en=ce4 ,,*>les ,,gore4 ,,we/m9/] ,,abbey1 ,*ri/mas1 #ahig4 ix ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,introduction 4 4 4 ,/udy ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #a ,! gospel ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 4 4 4 4 4 4 #f ,! ,roman ,empire 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bj ,ephesus & ! ,ephesians 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #cd ,! lett]--to :om writt5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #dc ,,! ,,epi/le ,,to ,,! ,,ephesians4 ,,salutation 7i4 #a-b7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #dh ,,division ,i 7i4 #c-;iv4 #ag7 #a 7i4 #c-ad7 ,/4 ,paul's lead+ ?\ghts3 life 9 ,*ri/ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ed pr$e/9ation 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #fc ! elect 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #fi ! div9e secret disclos$ 4 4 4 4 4 4 #gb grace n m]it 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #gd #b 7i4 #ae-bc7 ,/4 ,paul's pray] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #gh #c 7ii4 #a-aj7 ,s9 & r$emption 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #hi #d 7ii4 #aa-bb7 ,salvation 9 ! ,*ur* 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ajb #e 7iii7 ,paul ! apo/le ( ca?olicity 4 4 4 4 4 #aba 8 second pray] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #acc #f 7iv4 #a-af7 ,! unity ( ! ,*ur* 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #adj x ,,division ,,ii 7iv4 #ag-vi4 #bd73 ,doctr9e & conduct 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #agb #a 7iv4 #ag-bd7 ,*ri/ianity a new life 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #agh #b 7iv4 #be-cb7 ,! new life a corporate life 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ahd #c 7v4 #a-ad7 ,! new life an imitation ( ,god 4 4 4 4 #aib & a life 9 ! light 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #aid #d 7v4 #ae-ba7 ,! new life a buy+ up ( an opportunity 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bjd #e 7v4 #bb-vi4 #i7 ,! law ( subord9ation & au?ority 4 #baa husb&s & wives 7v4 #bb-cc7 4 4 4 4 4 #bab p>5ts & *ildr5 7vi4 #a-d7 4 4 4 4 #bbh ma/]s & slaves 7vi4 #e-i7 4 4 4 4 4 #bcc #f 7vi4 #aj-bj7 ,! p]sonal spiritual /ruggle 4 4 4 4 4 #bcg ,,conclusion 7vi4 #ba-bd7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bdh ,,app5d$ ,,notes3-- ,a4 ,! ,roman ,empire recogniz$ by ,*ri/ians z a ,div9e ,prep>ation = ! ,spread ( ! ,gospel 4 4 4 4 4 #bea ,b4 ,! 7s-call$7 ',lett]s ( ,h]acleitus' 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bec ,c4 ,! ,jewi% ,doctr9e ( ,works 9 ,! ,apocalypse ( ,b>u* #beg ,d4 ,! ,bro!rhood ( ,/4 ,&rew 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bfd ,e4 ,! ,conception ( ! ,*ur* ,ca?olic 9 ,/4 ,paul 9 its ,relation to ,local ,*ur*es 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bfg ,f4 ,! ,e?ics ( ,ca?olicism 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bga ,g4 ,! ,lambe? ,conf]5ce & ,indu/rial ,problems 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bgd #a ,,! ,,epi/le ,,to ,,! ,,ephesians ,introduction4 i4 ,sid5ote3 ,introduction ,!re are two great riv]s ( ,europe :i*1 9 _! c\rse1 (f] a n un9/ructive analogy to ! ,*ur* ( ,god4 ,! ,rh9e & ! ,rhone bo? take _! rise f m\nta9 glaci]s1 & = ! fir/ hundr$ or hundr$ & fifty miles f _! s\rces !y run turbid z glaci] /reams always are1 & = ! mo/ "p turbul5t z m\nta9 torr5ts4 ,!n !y ent] ! great lakes ( ,con/ance & ,g5eva4 ,!re1 z 9 va/ settl+-vats1 !y deposit all ! discol\r+ elem5ts :i* h hi!rto defil$ _! wat]s1 s t :5 !y re-em]ge f ! we/]n ends ( ! lakes to run _! c\rses 9 c5tral & s\!rn ,europe _! #b wat]s h a transluc5t purity altoge!r delightful to contemplate4 ,aft] ?is ! two riv]s h v diff]5t de/9ies1 b ei!r f f\l] afflu5ts or f ! comm]cial activity ^u _! surfaces or along _! banks !y lose ! purity :i* *>act]iz$ _! second bir?1 & become z f\l z ev] !y 7 among _! e>li] m\nta9 fa/nesses2 till aft] all vicissitudes !y lose !mselves to nor? or s\? 9 ! va/ & cleans+ sea4 ,! hi/ory ( ^! riv]s (f]s1 ,i say1 a rem>kable p>allel to ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* ( ,god4 ,= t too takes its rude & r\gh beg9n+s high up 9 wild & remote fa/nesses ( our human hi/ory4 ,su* books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t z ^? ( ,judges & ,samuel & ,k+s repres5t ! turbid & turbul5t runn+ ( ?is human nature ( ours1 div9ely direct$ inde$1 b /ill unpurifi$ & unreg5]ate4 ,b 9 ! great lake ( ! humanity ( ,jesus all its acquir$ pollution is cut (f4 ,9 ,him1 virg9-born1 our manhood is se5 z inde$ ! pure mirror ( ! div9e glory2 & :5 at ,p5teco/ ! ,*ur* ( ,god issues anew1 by a second bir? ( t glorifi$ manhood1 = its second c\rse 9 ?is _w1 x issues unmix$ ) ali5 influ5ces1 sub/antially #c pure & unsulli$4 ,aft] a "t its hi/ory ga9s 9 complexity b its "* loses 9 purity1 s t !re are epo*s ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* :5 its moral level is possibly n high] ?an t :i* is repres5t$ 9 ! r\ghe/ books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t3 & ?r\gh ! :ole ( its lat] hi/ory ! ,*ur* is /rangely fus$ ) ! _w aga91 until !y issue bo? toge!r into et]nity4 ,m5 f all p>ts ( ! _w visit ,con/ance & ,g5eva1 & delight to look at ! two fam\s riv]s issu+ pure & abundant f ! quiet lakes4 ,an analog\s pleasure belongs to ! /udy ( su* books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t z ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les & ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians1 :i* give u respectively ! =tunes & ! !ory ( ! ,*ur* at its orig94 ,lat] epo*s ( ,*ur* hi/ory h possibly m ri*ly div]sifi$ int]e/s--su* z ! p]iod ( ! ,c\ncils1 or ! ,middle ,ages1 or ! ,re=mation4 ,b ! int]e/ ( ! e>lie/ ,*ur* unmix$ ) ! _w1 its pr9ciples fre%1 its inspirations /rong1 its native hue free f discol\r+ elem5ts1 preoccupies u ) a fasc9ation :i* is unrivall$4 ,! div9e society is "y & inexp]i5c$1 b :at x is & is meant #d to be we c see !re bett] ?an any:]e else4 ,we return1 :5 our m9ds are a*+ & our eyes are dim ) ! complexity & obscurity ( our latt]-day problem1 to le>n insight & simplicity aga9 at ^? pure s\rces4 ,& to ! ,*ri/ian believ] ^! books are n only docum5ts ( great hi/orical importance z illu/rative ( a unique p]iod3 !y also repres5t to u 9 diff]5t =ms ! highe/ level ( t action ( ! div9e ,_s ^u ! m9d ( man :i* we call inspiration4 ,/4 ,paul = in/ance1 9 ?is ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians claims1 z we %all f9d1 to be an 'inspir$' man1 a recipi5t ( div9e revelation1 & makes a simil> claim = ! apo/les & prophets g5]ally4 ',by revelation1' he says1 ',god made kn[n unto me ! my/]y 7or div9e secret71 z ,i wrote a=e 9 few words1 :]eby1 :5 ye read1 ye c p]ceive my und]/&+ 9 ! my/]y ( ,*ri/2 :i* 9 o!r ages 0 n made kn[n unto ! sons ( m51 z x ha? n[ be5 reveal$ unto 8 holy apo/les & prophets 9 ! ,_s4' ,inspiration is a t]m n easily susceptible ( def9ition4 ,we are incl9$ 9 our g5]ation to recognize its limits m frankly ?an has be5 done 9 ! pa/1 & #e its compatibility ev5 ) positive error on subjects :i* are matt] ( ord9>y human inquiry & n ( div9e revelation#a2 b its positive mean+ 9 ! region ( div9e revelation--9 :at conc]ns ,god's moral w1 purpose1 "* & be+1 & ! consequ5t moral & spiritual significance ( our human life--ought n to be less app>5t to u ?an =m]ly4 ,?us :5 we call a writ] ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 'inspir$' we mu/ mean at lea/ ?is3 t ! same div9e ,_s :o put ! message ( ,god 9 ! he>ts ( ! prophets ( old1 & :o work$ ,8 p]fect "w )\t let & h9drance 9 ! manhood ( ,*ri/1 is "h s work+ ^u ! w & imag9ation1 ! memory & intellig5ce1 ( "o ( ,*ri/'s commission$ witnesses z t he %all int]pret & n mis9t]pret ! m9d & p]son ( 8 ,ma/]4 ,practically1 an inspir$ writ] ( ! ,new ,te/am5t means a writ] "u :om we c put ourselves to s*ool to 'le>n ,*ri/' ) #f :ole-he>t$ confid5ce & fai?4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 gives an additional reason ( ! mo/ cog5t =ce :y we %\ld cont9ually recur to ! sacr$ books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,if ,*ri/ianity is to be det]r$ f a fatal return to nature--t is to ! religi\s or irreligi\s t5d5cies ( mank9d :5 left to itself--or if x is to be recall$ :5 x has laps$1 ?is c only be by an appeal to ,scripture con/antly reit]at$ & press$ home4 ,!re is = ev] ! te/+-gr\nd alike ( doctr9e1 ( moral "*1 & ( ecclesia/ical t5d5cy2 !re is ! only p]fect image ( ! m9d ( ,*ri/4 ii4 ,! ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians gives u ,/4 ,paul's gospel ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,s f> f be+ a man ( "o idea1 ,/4 ,paul fasc9ates & sometimes bewild]s u by ! intricacy & v>iety ( 8 ?\ghts2 b l ! innum]able leaves & twigs ( "s f9ely-gr[n tree :i* em]ge1 all ( !m1 ?r\gh bran*es & b\ghs1 out ( "o great trunk1 /rong & /raight1 & "o deep & firmly-set root1 s x is ) ! inf9itely v>i\s topics & sugge/ions ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,!y run back #g into a few dom9ant ?\ghts1 :i* 9 _! turn h "o trunk-l9e ( developem5t & "o root4 ,! root is ! conviction1 f9ally smitt5 into ! s\l ( ,/4 ,paul at ! mom5t ( 8 conv]sion on ! road to ,damascus1 t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/2 & ! trunk-l9e ( developm5t is t :i* is involv$ 9 ,/4 ,paul's special commission to prea* ! gospel to ! ,g5tiles1 t is to say1 ! pr9ciple t ! ,*ri/ is ! savi\r ( ,g5tiles z ( ,jews & on an equal basis--or 9 o!r words1 t ! ,*ri/ian *ur* is ca?olic4 ,:5 ,/4 ,paul ackn[l$g$ t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 ! ,*ri/1 ?is ( c\rse meant t he rema9$ no less ?an =m]ly an adh]5t ( ! ,jewi% fai?1 & t he 'wor%ipp$' )\t any brea* ( cont9uity1 '! ,god ( 8 fa!rs4' ,s he is fond ( insi/+#b4 ,?us to him ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ is /ill '! commonweal? ( ,israel1' ,god's anci5t *ur*1 ?\gh recon/ruct$#c4 ,= ! religion ( ,israel _h _h = its ma9 motive ! hope ( ! ,*ri/4 ,all t ,/4 ,paul n[ believ$ 0 t ?is hope _h be5 realiz$1 & realiz$ to ! %ame ( ,israel 9 ,"o :om !y _h reject$ #h & crucifi$4 ,b if to believe t ,jesus 0 ! ,*ri/ involv$ no brea* ) ! religion ( ,israel1 yet x did involve ! recognition t x _h be5 recon/itut$ on a new basis1 & 9 a way t sugge/$ to exi/+ ,israelites no?+ less ?an a revolution4 ,! *ur* ( ,god _h1 9 ,/4 ,paul's pres5t belief1 wid5$ out f be+ ! *ur* ( "o nation into be+ a ca?olic society1 a society = all mank9d4 ,if ,/4 ,paul's epi/les are tak5 9 ^? gr\ps into :i* !y naturally divide !mselves1 we f9d t 9 ! fir/ gr\p1 t ( ! two epi/les to ! ,!ssalonians1 all 8 fav\rite topics are pres5t z x 7 9 ! g]m1 b no?+ t is specially *>act]i/ic ( him is yet develop$4 ,! free admission ( ! ,g5tiles into ! ,*ur* is1 ) ! accompany+ ho/ility ( ! ,jews1 assum$#d1 b n mu* insi/$ ^u2 b 9 ! int]val betwe5 ^! epi/les & t to ! ,galatians ! subject _h ga9$ fre% & poignant int]e/4 ,a p>ty ( ,*ri/ians hav+ _! c5tre at ,j]usalem _h be5 try+--9 spite ( ! decision ( ! apo/olic c\ncil at ,j]usalem--to reimpose ^u ! consci5ces ( #i ,g5tile ,*ri/ians1 & ) especial success 9 ! ,galatian prov9ce1 ! obligation ( circumcision2 or 9 o!r words _h be5 try+ to make x evid5t t ! ,*ur* ( ,god 0 z mu* z ev] ! p ( ! ,jews1 & t ,g5tiles c\ld only become ,*ri/ians by becom+ also ,jewi% proselytes pl$g$ to keep ! law ( ,moses4 ,9 view ( ?is attempt ,/4 ,paul re-emb>ks ^u 8 great campaign = ! ca?olicity ( ! ,*ur*1 & 9 8 epi/les ( ! second gr\p#e 7especially ^? to ! ,galatians & ! ,romans7 ! ca?olicity ( ,*ri/ianity is v9dicat$ controv]sially ^u ! basis ( ! pr9ciple ( ju/ification by fai?1 n by works ( ! law4 ,! mean+ & real importance ( ?is doctr9e ought n to be h>d = u to und]/&4 ,to be ju/ifi$ means to be accept$ or acquitt$ by ,god4 ,! ,judaiz]s--t is ! ,*ri/ian repres5tatives ( ! n>r[] religi\s _s ( ,israel--held t1 z ,god's cov5ant 0 ) ! ,jews only1 s m5 c\ld obta9 acceptance simply by ! obs]vance ( t ,mosaic law :i* 0 to ! ,jew at once ! expression ( ! div9e selection ( 8 race1 & ! gr\nds ( 8 arrogant #aj contempt = all :o _h n ',abraham to _! fa!r#f4' ,b ,/4 ,paul _h made trial ( t !ory1 & _h f\nd x want+4 ,! obs]vance ( ! law & ! glory+ 9 ,jewi% privileges _h br\ght him no peace ) ,god3 _h 9 fact s]v$ only to produce & deep5 a s5se ( inn] ali5ation f ,god & conviction ( s94 ,?us 9 ackn[l$g+ ! messiah%ip ( t ,jesus :om ! *os5 p _h reject$ & surr5d]$ to be crucifi$1 he 0 ab&on+ utt]ly & = ev] ! /&+-gr\nd ( ,jewi% pride3 he 0 ackn[l$g+ t ! only div9e function ( ! law 0 to conv9ce m5 ( s91 & ( _! ne$ ( p>don & salvation3 he 0 tak+ 8 /& z a s9n] among ! ,g5tiles1 & humbly welcom+ ! unm]it$ boon ( p>don & acceptance f ! h& ( ! div9e m]cy 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,:5 ,/4 ,paul 9 famili> argum5ts1 f ! witness ( ! ,old ,te/am5t itself1 & f ! moral exp]i5ce ( m51 convicts ! law ( inadequacy z an in/rum5t ( ju/ification1 8 reason+ is full ( a /rong feel+ & conviction br$ ( 8 own exp]i5ces4 ,! true means ( ju/ification1 he has come to p]ceive1 is fai?1 t is1 #aa ! simple acceptance ( ! div9e fav\r freely (f]$1 & ?is is some?+ t belongs to no special race1 b to all m5 z su*4 ,= all m5 ev]y:]e1 to :om ! light comes1 c "k t !y are s9n]s 9 ! sight ( ,god1 & c accept simply f ! h& ( ! div9e b\nty ! unm]it$ boon ( =giv5ess & acceptance 9 ,*ri/4 ,?us1 if fai? & fai? alone is t :]eby m5 are ju/ifi$ or comm5d$ to ,god1 !n at once ! ca?olic basis ( ! recon/itut$ ,*ur* is secur$4 ,all m5 c belong to x :o c feel _! ne$ & he> ! ,gospel & take ,god at ,8 ^w4 ,?is is ! great pr9ciple v9dicat$ 9 ! compress$ & fi]y argum5ts ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians1 & !n subsequ5tly develop$ 9 ! calm] & ord]ly proc$ure ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans4 ,b 9 ! next gr\p ( epi/les1 writt5 out ( t captivity at ,rome ! record ( :i* closes ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 ! same doctr9e ( ! ca?olicity ( ! ,*ur* is develop$ f a diff]5t po9t ( view4 ,n[ x is ! ?\ght ( ! p]son ( ,*ri/ :i* has come to occupy ! =egr\nd4 ,all along ,/4 ,paul _h believ$ t ,*ri/ 0 ! ,son ( ,god1 ! div9e m$iator ( creation1 :o 9 ^! #ab latt] days _h = our sakes humbl$ ,himself to be made man#g4 ,b ?is ?\ght ( ,*ri/'s p]son is elaborat$ & br\ght into prom95ce 9 ! ?ird gr\p ( epi/les#h1 especially 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,colossians4 ,a t5d5cy d]iv$ f ,jewi% s\rces 0 manife/+ itself among "s ( ! ,asiatic ,*ri/ians to exalt angelic be+s1 conceiv$ probably z repres5t+ div9e attributes & p[]s1 into objects ( religi\s wor%ip#i4 ,!re is a c]ta9 spuri\s humility :i* has 9 _m ages1 & n lea/ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 l$ m5 to %r9k f direct approa* to ! high & holy ,god & to resort to l[] m$iators1 z m suitable to _! defil$ condition & weakness4 ,?is sort ( spuri\s humility 0 already detect$ by ,/4 ,paul1 9 company ) o!r ,judaiz+ & falsely ascetic t5d5cies1 z a p]il ( ! ,asiatic *ur*es1 & especially ( ! ,colossians4 ,b he w make no t]ms ) x4 ,*ri/ he tea*es is ! only & ! univ]sal m$iator1 ! "o & only reconcil] ( all ?+s to ! ,fa!r4 ,& ,he is ?is because ( ! #ac position t belongs to ,8 p]son 9 ! univ]se z a :ole4 ,he1 z ! ,fa!r's image or c\nt]p>t1 is ,8 unique ag5t 9 all ! "w ( creation4 ,all creat$ ?+s :atev]1 f ! l[e/ to ! highe/1 se5 or unse51 be !y ?rones or dom9ions or pr9cipalities or p[]s1 are ! "w ( ,8 h&4 ,all 7 creat$ ?r\gh ,him & h ,him = _! end or goal1 & ,he is ! su/a9+ life ( ! :ole univ]se 9 all its p>ts4 ',9 ,him all ?+s consi/' or h _! unity 9 a sy/em4 ,& because ,he occupies ?is position 9 ! :ole univ]se1 !re=e a simil> position & sov]eignty belong to ,him 9 ! spiritual k+dom ( r$emption4 ,!re too ,he is1 ?r\gh ,8 manhood & ,8 sacrificial dea? ^u ! cross1 ! unique au?or ( ! reconciliation ) ,god4 ,he is by ,8 _s ! inh]5t life ( ! r$eem$1 & ! goal ( all _! p]fect+4 ,!re is1 9 fact1 no div9e quality1 or attribute1 or activity ( ,god t[>ds ,8 creatures :i* is n ,84 ,9 ,him x pleas$ ! ,fa!r t all ! fulness ( div9e attributes & (fices %\ld dwell1 & 9 ,him z ,son ( ,god made man dwells all ?is fulness bodily4 ,! div9e attributes1 t is1 are n committ$ to a numb] ( diff]5t m$iators4 #ad ,!y exi/ & are ex]cis$ 9 ,him & 9 ,him alone4 ,x foll[s !re=e z a matt] ( c\rse f ?is position ( ,*ri/ 9 ! univ]se & 9 ! *ur* t ! r$emption effect$ by ,him mu/ be univ]sal 9 range & mu/ ext5d equally & imp>tially to all4 ,!re '_c be ,greek & ,jew1 circumcision & uncircumcision1 b>b>ian & ,scy?ian1 bond & free1 b ,*ri/ is all & 9 all4' ,?us 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,colossians#aj ! doctr9e ( ! ca?olicity ( ,*ri/ianity is aga9 v9dicat$ controv]sially1 & logically bas$ ^u ! ca?olic "* ( ,*ri/ & ^u ,8 univ]sal function 9 creation & r$emption2 & 9 ! contempor>y ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians1 )\t note ( controv]sy1 ! doctr9e ( ! ca?olic *ur*1 ! bro!rhood ( all m5 9 ,*ri/1 ! doctr9e :i* is1 we may truly say1 ! culm9ation ( all ,/4 ,paul's tea*+1 is all[$ to develope itself 9 all its glory on ! assum$ basis ( t tea*+ ab\t ,*ri/'s p]son :i* _h made any n>r[] idea ( ! *ur* already seem incongru\s & impossible4 ,9 ! e>li] disp5sation 9 :i* ! cov5ant ( ,god 0 ) "o p1 ,/4 ,paul c see only a prep>atory process ?r\gh #ae :i* ! et]nal purpose ( ,god c\ld at la/ be realiz$1 & out ( :i* ,8 et]nal secret c\ld at la/ be disclos$4 ,t purpose s long kept secret1 & n[ reveal$1 is to ga!r toge!r all nations & classes ( m5 into ! "o ,*ur* ( ,god1 "o organiz$ body1 "o bro!rhood 9 :i* all m5 are to f9d _! salvation1 & ?r\gh :i* is to be realiz$ an ev5 wid] purpose = ! :ole univ]se4 ,9 ?is doctr9e ( ! ca?olic *ur* ,/4 ,paul f9ds ! expression ( all ! l5g? & bread? & height & dep? ( ! div9e love4 ,its l5g?1 = x repres5ts an age-long purpose sl[ly work$ out2 its bread?1 = x is a society ( all m5 & = ! :ole univ]se2 its dep?1 = ,god has rea*$ a h& ( m]cy d[n to ! l[e/ gulfs ( s9 & ali5ation f ,god2 its height1 = 9 ?is society m5 are c>ri$ up into no?+ less ?an union ) ,god1 to no l[] seat ?an ! heav5ly places 9 ,*ri/4 ,i h spok5 ( ,/4 ,paul's great argum5ts = ! ca?olicity ( ! ,gospel z two4 ,! fir/ appe>s ma9ly z a polemic aga9/ ! idea ( ju/ification by works ( ! law4 ,! second z a positive argum5t ab\t ! p]son ( ,*ri/ & ! results :i* fl[ f ! "r appreciation ( x4 ,b 9 fact !re is #af a necess>y connexion betwe5 ! two4 ,! n>r[ ,judaism ( ! ,galatian reaction>ies did 9 fact logically involve a n>r[ & !re=e a false conception ( ! p]son ( ,*ri/4 ,z ,dr4 ,hort expresses x#aa1 'to accept ,jesus z ! ,*ri/ )\t any adequate enl>gem5t ( :at 0 includ$ 9 ! ,messiah%ip c\ld h>dly fail to involve ei!r limitation ( ,8 nature to ! human sph]e1 or at mo/ a c\nt+ ,him among ! angels4' ,?is logical connexion 0 9 fact v]ifi$ 9 hi/ory4 ,! ,judaiz]s ( ! e>lie/ p]iod ( ,*ri/ian hi/ory :o insi/$ on circumcision = all ,*ri/ians pass into ! ,ebionites ( ! second c5tury :o reject$ ! ,*ur*'s doctr9e ( ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 z ! et]nal ,son ( ,god4 ,& conv]sely x w\ld be sc>cely possible to accept ! doctr9e ( ! univ]sal ,*ri/1 bo? div9e & human1 z ,/4 ,paul developes x1 )\t p]ceiv+ t m5 mu/ be made acceptable to ,him & to ,8 ,fa!r by some?+ deep] & wid] ?an any p>ticul> set ( obs]vances or 'works4' ,! relation !re=e betwe5 ! argum5t ( ,/4 ,paul's epi/les to ! ,galatians & ! ,romans on ! "o side1 & t ( 8 epi/les to ! ,colossians & #ag ! ,ephesians on ! o!r is "o ( unity r ?an ( contra/4 ,! relation ( ^! two gr\ps ( epi/les may be express$ also 9 ano!r way4 ,! argum5t ( ! e>li] epi/les is direct$ t[>ds ! ,judaiz]s4 ,its purpose is to v9dicate ! "r ( ! ,g5tiles to an equal place & position ) ! ,jews 9 ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,b at ! "t ( ! lat] gr\p ?is "r _h be5 secur$4 ,on ! basis ( _! ackn[l$g$ title ! +ress ( ,g5tiles into ! *ur*es ( ,asia _h be5 ev5 al>m+ly rapid4 ,n[ x is "t = ,/4 ,paul to address himself to ^! emancipat$ ,g5tiles & to exhort !m 9 _! turn n to relapse into unwor?y & n>r[ conceptions ( _! r$eem]1 or into conduct unwor?y ( _! new position3 !y mu/ 'walk wor?ily ( ! vocation :]e) !y are call$4' ,our pres5t political situation 9 ,engl& (f]s an analogy :i* may br+ home to u ! position ( ! ,g5tile ,*ri/ians & ! function ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians4 ,! "t is pa/ = u :5 !re is any necessity to cont5d t a vote %\ld be giv5 to all responsible m54 ,s f> at lea/ z ! male population is conc]n$1 ! title ( ! citiz5 #ah to ! vote has be5 sub/antially ackn[l$g$2 b ! "t is by no means pa/ :5 ! newly enfran*is$ citiz5s ne$ to be /imulat$ to realize :at _! enfran*isem5t c>ries ) x ( privilege & responsibility4 ,& we may express ?is by say+ t if our ,engli% political ,epi/le to ! ,galatians has be5 writt5 & has done its "w1 our ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians is /ill surely v mu* ne$$4 ,x is v /range1 or at lea/ w\ld be /range if we 7 n acqua9t$ ) ! hi/orical circum/ances t h acc\nt$ = x1 t ,/4 ,paul has be51 out ( all proportion to ! facts ( ! case1 id5tifi$ 9 popul> e/imation ) only ! e>li] ( ! two great argum5ts describ$ above1 ) t :i* has giv5 ! basis to ,prote/antism1 & n t :i* is1 9 fact1 ! *>t] ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,we are all famili> ) ! fact t ,/4 ,paul taught ! doctr9e ( ju/ification by fai?1 & insi/$ !re=e on ! necessity & privilege ( p]sonal acceptance on ! "p ( ea* individual ( ! promises ( ,god 9 ,*ri/4 ,we all "k h[1 :5 ?is aspect ( ?+s has be5 ignor$ & ov]-ridd5--:5 an almo/ ,jewi% doctr9e ( ! m]it ( good works#ab #ai has be5 curr5t 9 ,*ri/5dom--x has af=d$ a pretext = a ,prote/ant reaction ( ! mo/ individuali/ic k9d1 ( ! k9d :i* pays no reg>d to outw>d unity or ca?olic au?ority4 ,b c]ta9ly 9 ,/4 ,paul's own tea*+ !re is no?+ individuali/ic 9 ju/ify+ fai?4 ,x is t by :i* man w9s admittance into ! body ( ,*ri/2 & ! body ( ,*ri/ is an organiz$ society1 a ca?olic bro!rhood4 ,salvation1 z we %all see1 is z mu* social or ecclesia/ical z x is individual2 & p]haps !re is no?+ m want$ to correct our ideas ( :at ,/4 ,paul und]/ood by ju/ify+ fai? ?an an imp>tial /udy ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians4 ,x is true t ?is great epi/le only freely developes ?\ghts :i* 7 already unmi/akably 9 ,/4 ,paul's m9d :5 he wrote 8 epi/les to ! ,cor9?ians1 & ev5 ^? to ! ,!ssalonians4 ,already ! social organization ( ! ,*ur* is a prom95t topic1 & ! e?ics ( ,*ri/ianity are social e?ics4 ,b n[1 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians1 ! idea ( ! ,*ur* has become ! dom9ant idea1 & ! e?ical tea*+ c be ju/ly *>act]iz$ 9 no o!r way ?an z a ,*ri/ian socialism4 #bj iii4 ,b x is "t to exam9e some:at m closely ! circum/ances "u :i* ,/4 ,paul wrote ?is epi/le & _! be>+ ^u its cont5ts4 ,x 0 writt5 by him dur+ t imprisonm5t at ,rome#ac ! record ( :i* br+s to an end ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,he c !re=e put into 8 appeals all ! =ce :i* naturally belongs to "o :o has sacrific$ himself = 8 pr9ciples4 ',i1 ,paul1' he writes1 '! prison] ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 on behalf ( y ,g5tiles4' ,he speaks ( himself z 'an ambassador 9 a *a9' b\nd1 z he 0 no d\bt1 to ! soldi] :i* kept him4 ,b ! fact t he is a prison] does n occupy a great place 9 8 m9d4 ,9 "p ?is is because 8 imprisonm5t 0 n ( a highly re/rictive "*4 ,! ,acts conclude by tell+ u t he 0 all[$ to dwell 9 8 own hir$ dwell+ & to receive all t came to him )\t let or h9drance to 8 prea*+4 ,& ! tone ( ! 'epi/les ( ! fir/ captivity' is *e]ful z to ! pres5t & hopeful = ! future#ad4 ,b x is m important to notice t #ba ! ?\ght ( be+ 9 prison is app>5tly swall[$ up 9 ,/4 ,paul's imag9ation by o!r consid]ations4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 ,/4 ,paul 01 "u :atev] re/ra9ts1 at ,rome4 ,he _h rea*$ 8 goal--a new c5tre ( evangelization :i* 0 also ! c5tre ( ! _w4 ,/ep by /ep ! c5tre ( ,*ri/ian evangelization _h pass$ t[>d ,rome z its goal4 ,f ,j]usalem1 :i* told unmi/akably t '! salvation 0 ( ! ,jews1' x _h mov$ to ,antio*1 :]e 9 a ,greek city ,jew met ,g5tile on equal t]ms4 ,f ,antio*1 "u ,/4 ,paul's lead]%ip1 x _h pass$ to ,cor9? & ,ephesus4 ,^! 7 inde$ ?or\ghly ,g5tile cities1 & lead+ cities ( ! ,empire1 b !y 7 prov9cial4 ,no imp]ial movem5t c\ld re/ satisfi$ till x e/abli%$ itself at ! c5tre ( ! great imp]ial organization--till x _h got to ,rome4 ,if we are to und]/& at all adequately ! _w 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul wrote1 ! ?\ght ( ! ,roman ,empire & ( ! unity :i* x 0 giv+ ! _w mu/ be cle>ly be=e our m9ds3 & x w n be a digression if we pause to dwell ^u x at ?is po9t :5 we are consid]+ ! significance ( ,/4 ,paul's situation z at once a prison] & an evangeli/ 9 ! great capital4 #bb ,! ,roman ,empire br\ght ! _w1 t is ! :ole ( ! kn[n _w :i* 0 ?\ght wor? consid]+1 into a great unity ( gov]nm5t4 ,:at _h once be5 indep5d5t k+doms _h n[ become prov9ces ( ! empire1 & ! :ole ( ! ,roman policy 0 direct$ t[>ds draw+ clos] ! unity1 & educat+ ! prov9ces 9 ,roman ideas#ae4 ,if we seek to def9e ,roman unity a little m closely ! foll[+ elem5ts w be f\nd p]haps ! mo/ important = our purpose4 7#a7 ,x 0 a unity ( gov]nm5t /rongly c5traliz$ at ,rome 9 ! p]son ( ! emp]or4 ,! lett]s ( a prov9cial gov]nor l ,pl9y to 8 ma/] ,trajan at ,rome reveal to u h[ ev5 trivial matt]s1 su* z ! =mation ( a guild ( firem5 9 ,pl9y's prov9ce ( ,bi?ynia1 7 ref]r$ up to ! emp]or4 ,roman gov]nm5t 0 9 fact p]sonal & c5traliz$ 9 a v complete s5se1 & _h ! uni=mity :i* accompanies su* a condition4 7#b7 ,?is c5traliz$ p]sonal gov]nm5t is1 ( c\rse1 only possible :]e !re is a well-organiz$ sy/em ( int]-communication betwe5 ! widely-sep>at$ p>ts ( a great #bc empire4 ,& !re 0 ?is to an amaz+ ext5t 9 ! ,roman empire4 ,we f9d evid5ce ( x 9 ! great roads repres5t+ a highly develop$ sy/em ( travell+4 ',x is n too mu* to say t travell+ 0 m highly develop$ & ! divid+ p[] ( di/ance 0 weak] "u ! ,empire ?an at any "t be=e or s9ce until we come d[n to ! pres5t c5tury4' ,?is is :at gives su* a mod]n & cosmopolitan flav\r to ! lives ( m5 ( ! ,empire z unlike "o ano!r 9 o!r respects z ,/rabo & ,j]ome4 ,we f9d ! evid5ce ( su* a sy/em ( int]-communication also1 & n less impressively1 9 ! multipli$ pro(s af=d$ to u t e movem5t ( ?\ght 9 ! ,empire mu/ ne$s pass to ,rome & e/abli% itself !re4 ,! rapid arrival ( all ori5tal t5d5cies or beliefs at ,rome 01 ( c\rse1 :at f ! po9t ( view ( cons]vative ,romans meant ! de/ruction ( all t !y valu$ 9 "* & ideals4 ',! ,orontes _h p\r$ itself into ! ,tib]4' ,b x 0 none ! less a fact ( ! utmo/ significance = ! _w's progress4 7#c7 ,! unity ( ! ,empire dep5d$ l>gely on ! use :i* 0 made ( ,greek civilization & ,greek language4 ,! ,empire #bd may be rightly describ$1 if we are consid]+ its ea/]n half1 z ,greek no less ?an ,roman f ! fir/4 ,ev]y:]e x 0 ! ,greek language :i* 0 ! in/rum5t ( ,roman gov]nm5t1 & ,greek civilization1 temp]$ by some:at b>b>\s ,roman 'games1' :i* 0 put into competition ) local cu/oms :e!r social or religi\s#af4 7#d7 ,la/ly1 to a v real ext5t ! ,empire 0 aim+ at ! e/abli%m5t ( a univ]sal religion4 ,indep5d5t local gods & local cults suit$ well en\gh a numb] ( indep5d5t little tribes & k+doms1 b x 0 felt in/9ctively t ! "o empire involv$ also "o religion1 & ) m or less ( delib]ate int5tion ! "o religion 0 provid$ 9 ! wor%ip ( ! emp]or1 or1 p]haps we %\ld say1 ( ! ,empire4 ,?is wor%ip ( ! emp]or has be5 among u a v byword = :at is mon/r\s & un9telligible4 ,x bewild]s u :5 we he> ( some?+ l x 9 our own ,indian empire4 ,& yet a little imag9ation ought to %[ u t :]e a pure mono!ism has n taught m5 ! moral purity & p]sonal "* ( ,god--:]e religion is ei!r pan!ism1 ! deification ( ! "o life1 or idolatry1 ! deification #be ( sep>ate =ms ( life--! wor%ip ( ! imp]ial au?ority is intelligible en\gh4 ,"h 0 a va/ p[]1 univ]sal 9 its range1 mo/ly b5efic5t1 & yet awful 9 its limitless & arbitr>y p[] ( *a/isem5t2 :at %\ld x be b div9e1 l nature1 & an object to be appeal$ to1 propitiat$1 wor%ipp$8 ,at any rate ! cultus ( ! emp]or spread 9 ! ,roman _w1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,asiatic prov9ces4 ,x c\ld ally itself ) ! curr5t pan!i/ic philosophy & also ) popul> local cults3 = x 0 tol]ant ( all & c\ld embrace !m all1 or 9 "s cases x c\ld id5tify itself ) !m--! emp]or be+ reg>d$ z a special manife/ation ( ! local god4 ,& x made itself popul> ?r\gh games--wild bea/ %[s & gladiatorial conte/s--:i* x 0 ! bus9ess ( its high prie/s or presid5ts to provide or to organize4 ,?us x 0 t ! ,roman _w came to be organiz$ by prov9ces = ! purposes ( ! imp]ial religion1 & ! prov9cial presid5ts1 :om we he> ( 9 ! ,acts z ',asi>*s' or '*iefs ( ,asia1' & f o!r s\rces z exi/+ 9 ! o!r prov9ces--,galat>*s1 ,bi?yni>*s1 ,syri>*s1 & s on--7 also ! high prie/s ( ! wor%ip ( ! ,caes>s1 by :i* x 0 s\ght #bf to make religion1 l ev]y?+ else1 contribute to cem5t imp]ial unity#ag4 ,n[ !re c be no d\bt at all1 if we look back f ! f\r? or fif? c5turies ( our era1 to h[ va/ an ext5t ?is ,roman unity _h be5 made an eng9e = ! propagation ( ! ,*ur*4 ,& ! ,*ri/ians--! ,spani% poet ,prud5tius1 = in/ance1 or ,pope ,leo ! ,great#ah--;betray a /rong consci\sness ( ! place held by ! empire 9 ! div9e prep>ation = ,*ri/4 ,= long p]iods ! ,roman au?ority 0 tol]ant ( ,*ri/ianity & suff]$ its propagation to g on 9 peace2 & at ! times :5 x became al>m$ at its subv]sive t5d5cies1 & turn$ to become its p]secutor1 /ill ! ,*ur* c\ld n be prev5t$ f us+ ! imp]ial organization1 its roads & its means ( communication4 ,aga91 e /ep 9 ! progress ( ! ,greek language facilitat$ ! spread ( ! new religion1 ! propagation ( :i* 0 ?r\gh ,greek2 & conv]sely ,*ri/ianity became an in/rum5t = spread+ ! use ( ?is language :i* previ\sly 0 mak+ b a poor /ruggle aga9/ ! languages #bg ( ,asia ,m9or2 = x is app>5tly a simple mi/ake to suppose t ev5 ! apo/les 7 miracul\sly disp5s$ f ! difficulties ( acquir+ new languages1 & 7 enabl$ to speak all languages z x 7 by in/9ct4 ,ev5 ! imp]ial religion provid$ a framework to facilitate ! organization ( t /ill m imp]ial religion :i* x f\nd inde$ absolutely incompatible ) its pr]ogatives1 b 9 :i* x might h f\nd an effici5t sub/itute to accompli% its own be/ ends4 ,?us ! e>ly ,*ri/ian apologi/ ,tatian pleads t ,*ri/ianity alone c\ld supply :at 0 manife/ly ne$$ = a unit$ _w1 a univ]sal moral law & a univ]sal gratuit\s education or philosophy1 op5 to ri* & poor1 m5 & wom51 alike#ai4 ,s /rong 9 fact 0 9 _m respects ! aff9ity ( ! ,empire & ! ,*ur* t ! apologi/s are n infrequ5tly able to claim1 & t plausibly1 t if ! ,roman au?orities 7 ready to recognize x1 !y w\ld f9d 9 ! ,*ur* _! mo/ effici5t ally4 ,& !re is no d\bt t all ?is t5d5cy to use ! empire z ! ally & in/rum5t ( ! ,*ur* began ) ,/4 ,paul4 ,! clos] ,/4 ,paul's evangeli/ic travels are exam9$ ! #bh m app>5t does x become t he1 ! apo/le :o 0 also ! ,roman citiz51 0 by ! v =ce ( circum/ances1 b also probably delib]ately1 work+ ! ,*ur* on ! l9es ( ! empire4 ',! classification adopt$ 9 ,paul's own lett]s ( ! *ur*es :i* he f\nd$1 is accord+ to prov9ces--,a*aia1 ,mac$onia1 ,asia1 & ,galatia2 ! same fact is cle>ly visible 9 ! n>rative ( ,acts4 ,x guides & inspires ! expressions f ! "t :5 ! apo/le l&$ at ,p]ga4 ,at e /ep any "o :o kn[s ! c\ntry recognizes t ! ,roman division is impli$#bj4' ,nor c we fail to be /ruck ) ! regul>ity ) :i* ,/4 ,paul1 :]ev] he m5tions ! ,empire1 takes x on its be/ side & repres5ts x z a div9e in/itution ^: (fic]s are ,god's m9i/]s = ju/ice & ord] & peace#ba4 ,x is f ?is po9t ( view alone t he w h ,*ri/ians ?9k ( x & pray = x#bb4 ,!re is ! confid5ce ( ! true son ( ! empire 9 8 ',i appeal unto ,caes>#bc4' ,fur!r ?an ?is1 :5 ,/4 ,paul is address+ himself to ,g5tiles :o _h receiv$ no leav5+ ( ,jewi% mono!ism1 x is mo/ /rik+ #bi h[ he ?r[s himself back on ^? common philosophical & religi\s ideas :i* 7 p]meat+ ! ?\ght ( ! ,empire4 ',! popul> philosophy incl9$ t[>ds pan!ism1 ! popul> religion 0 poly!i/ic1 b ,paul />ts f ! simple/ plat=m common to bo?4 ,!re exi/s some?+ 9 ! way ( a div9e nature :i* ! religi\s try to please & ! philosoph]s try to und]/&#bd4' ,close p>allels to ,/4 ,paul's language 9 8 two record$ spee*es at ,ly/ra & at ,a!ns1 c be f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ! contempor>y ,/oic philosoph] ,s5eca#be1 & 9 ! s-call$ ',lett]s ( ,h]acleitus' writt5 by "s philosophic /ud5t ne>ly contempor>y ) ,/4 ,paul at ,ephesus#bf4 ,9 expos+ ! folly ( idolat]s he 0 only do+ :at a contempor>y philosoph] 0 do+ also1 & repeat+ ideas :i* he might h le>nt almo/ z readily 9 ! s*ools ( 8 native city ,t>sus--:i* ,/rabo speaks ( z ! mo/ philosophical place 9 ! _w1 & ! place :]e philosophy 0 mo/ ( all an indig5\s plant#bg--;z at ! #cj feet ( ,gamaliel 9 ,j]usalem4 ,c]ta9ly ,paul ! apo/le to ! ,g5tiles 0 also ,saul ( ,t>sus & ! citiz5 ( ! ,roman ,empire 9 ^: m9d ! idea & s5tim5t ( ! empire lay already side by side ) ! idea ( ! ca?olic *ur*4 ,su* a /atem5t z has j be5 giv5 ( ! relation ( ! ,roman organization to ! ,*ur* is und\bt$ly true4 ,& x is also indisputable t ,/4 ,paul 0 9 fact ! pione] 9 us+ ! empire = ! purposes ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b x is m que/ionable to :at ext5t ! idea ( ! empire z ! h&maid ( ! ,*ur* 0 consci\sly & delib]ately1 or only unconsci\sly or in/9ctively1 pres5t to 8 m9d2 & 9 p>ticul> x is que/ionable h[ f> ! peculi> exaltation ( ! epi/les ( ! fir/ captivity is due to ,/4 ,paul's realization t 9 gett+ to ,rome1 ! capital & c5tre ( ! ,empire1 he _h rea*$ a goal :i* 0 #ca also a fre% & unique />t+-po9t = ! evangelization ( ! _w4 ,to "s ext5t ?is mu/ c]ta9ly h be5 ! case#bh4 ,:ile he is at ,ephesus#bi prea*+1 he already has ,rome 9 view1 & a s5se ( unaccompli%$ purpose till he has visit$ x1 ',i mu/ also see ,rome4' ,:5 a little lat] he writes to ! ,romans1 ! "n ( ,rome is a "n bo? ( attraction & ( awe4 ,he is eag] to g to ,rome1 b he seems to fe> x at ! same "t4 ,s mu* z 9 him lies1 he is ready to prea* ! gospel to !m also t are at ,rome4 ,ev5 9 face ( all t t imp]ial "n means1 he is n a%am$ ( ! ,gospel#cj4 ,lat] ! div9e vision at ,j]usalem assures him t1 z he has borne witness conc]n+ ,*ri/ at ,j]usalem1 s he mu/ be> witness also at ,rome#ca4 ,! confid5ce ( ?is div9e purpose m+les ) & re9=ces ! confid5ce ( ! ,roman citiz5 9 8 appeal to ,caes>4 ,! s5se ( ! div9e h& ^u him to take him to ,rome is /r5g!n$ by ano!r vision amid ! t]rors ( ! sea voyage#cb4 ,at 8 fir/ contact ) ! ,roman #cb bre?r5 'he ?ank$ ,god & took c\rage#cc4' ,?is s5se ( ?ankfulness & enc\ragem5t p]vades ! :ole ( ! fir/ captivity s f> z x is repres5t$ 9 8 lett]s4 ,he _h rea*$ ! goal ( 8 lab\rs & a fre% />t+-po9t = a wide-spread+ activity4 ,c]ta9ly no "o c mi/ake ! gl[ ( en?usiasm :i* p]vades ! epi/les ( ! fir/ captivity g5]ally1 b especially ! ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians4 ,x is conspicu\sly1 & beyond all ! o!r epi/les1 raptur\s & uplift$4 ,& ?is is n due--z is ! *e]ful ?ankfulness ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,philippians1 at lea/ 9 "p--to ! specially intimate relations ( ,/4 ,paul to ! congregations he 0 address+1 or to ! specially satisfactory "* ( _! ,*ri/ian life4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,/4 ,paul p]ceiv$ t ! ,asiatic *ur*es1 & especially ,ephesus1 7 ?reat5$ by v om9\s p]ils4 ',v griev\s wolves 7 ent]+ 91 n sp>+ ! flock2 & among !mselves m5 7 aris+1 speak+ p]v]se ?+s1 to draw away ! disciples aft] !m#cd4' ,/4 ,paul's raptur\s tone mu/ be acc\nt$ = by causes indep5d5t ( ! ,ephesian or ,asiatic ,*ri/ians 9 p>ticul>4 #cc ,among ^! causes1 z we h j se51 mu/ be reckon$ ! fact1 ! significance ( :i* we h be5 dwell+ ^u1 t ,/4 ,paul _h n[ rea*$ ,rome1 ! c5tre ( ! ,g5tile _w4 ,b x mu/ also be rememb]$ t ,/4 ,paul _h se5 a great conflict f\ght out & won = ! ca?olicity ( ,*ri/ianity1 & t n[ = ! fir/ "t !re 0 a pause & fre$om to take advantage ( x4 ,a great conflict _h be5 f\ght & won4 ,! backbone ( ! e>li] ,jewi% opposition to ! prea*+ ( ! gospel to ! ,g5tiles on equal t]ms _h be5 brok54 ,!y _h 9 fact swept into ! ,*ur* 9 increas+ numb]s4 ,_! rights 7 recogniz$ & _! position unconte/$4 ,!re is n[1 9 ! comp>ative quiet ( ! 'hir$ h\se' :]e ,/4 ,paul 0 conf9$1 a p]iod ( pause 9 :i* he c fitly sum up ! results :i* h be5 won1 & let ! full mean+ ( ! ca?olic bro!rhood be freely unfold$4 ,x is "t to pass f ! rudim5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian gospel1 ! v9dication ( its mo/ elem5t>y pr9ciples & lib]ties1 ! 'milk = babes1' to exp\nd ! spiritual wisdom ( ! full-gr[n ,*ri/ian manhood1 ! 'solid meat = !m ( rip] ye>s4' #cd ,x is ?is s5se ( pause 9 conflict & free expansion 9 view ( a va/ opportunity1 :i* 9 great "p at lea/ int]prets ! gl[ & glory ( ,/4 ,paul's epi/le4 iv4 ,! ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians might1 s f> z its cont5ts are conc]n$1 h be5 address$ to any ( ! pr$om9antly ,g5tile *ur*es2 b to none m fitly ?an to ,ephesus & to ! *ur*es ( ,asia1 :]e ! progress ( ,g5tile ,*ri/ianity _h be5 s rapid1 & :]e ,/4 ,paul's m9i/ry _h be5 s unusually prolong$4 ,let u attempt to answ] ! que/ions--:at 0 ,ephesus8 :at 0 ! hi/ory1 & :at 7 ! circum/ances ( ! ,ephesian *ur*8 ,ephesus _h a d\ble importance z a ,greek & z an ,asiatic city4 ,a colony ( ,ionians f ,a!ns _h e>ly settl$ on "s hills :i* rose out ( a f]tile pla9 ne> ! m\? ( ! ,cay/]4 ,?is 0 ! orig9 ( ! ,greek city ( ,ephesus4 ,its position gave x admirable comm]cial advantages4 ,x became ! greate/ m>t ( ex*ange#ce betwe5 ,ea/ #ce & ,we/ 9 ,asia ,m9or1 & ?\gh its comm]ce 0 ?reat5$ by ! fill+ up ( its h>b\r1 x _h n decay$ 9 ,/4 ,paul's "t4 ,among ,greek cities x also occupi$ a n inconspicu\s place 9 ! hi/ory ( art1 & at an e>li] p]iod ( philosophy also4 ,"h 0 "o ( ! *ief homes ( ! ,hom]ic tradition2 h5ce 9 ! p]son ( ,call9us ! ,greek elegy is reput$ to h _h its orig91 & 9 ! p]son ( ,hipponax ! satire4 ,x 0 ! home ( ,h]acleitus1 "o ( ! greate/ ( ! e>ly philosoph]s1 & ( ,apelles & ,p>rhasius1 ! ma/]s ( pa9t+#cf4 ,& ! greate/ arti/s 9 sculpture--,phidias & ,polycletus1 ,scopas & ,praxiteles--_h adorn$ ) _! works ! temple ( ,artemis1 :i*1 9 itself "o ( ! wond]s ( ! _w1 ! ma/]piece ( ,ionic ar*itecture1 became also1 l "s great ,*ri/ian ca!dral1 a v museum ( sculpture & pa9t+4 ,if ,greek arti/s built & decorat$ ! temple ( ,artemis1 !y attempt$ no d\bt to repres5t ! goddess "u ! =m :i* h] ,greek "n sugge/$1 ! beautiful huntress-goddess2 b ! ,greeks nev] 9 fact succe$$ 9 #cf affect+ ! ?or\ghly ,asiatic & ori5tal "* ( a wor%ip :i* _h no?+ ,greek ab\t x except ! "n4 ,! int]e/ ( ,ephesus z an ,asiatic city c5tr$ ab\t t anci5t wor%ip :i* _h its home 9 ! pla9 bel[ ! ,greek settlem5t4 ,x 0 !re be=e ! ,greeks came1 x held its own ?r\gh\t & 9 spite ( all ,greek & ,roman influ5ces2 all ?r\gh ! hi/ory ( ,ephesus x gave its ma9 "* to ! city--! not$ home ( sup]/ition & sorc]y4 ,! ,artemis ( ,ephesus 01 z ,j]ome rem>ks#cg1 n ! huntress-goddess ) h] b[1 b ! _m-brea/$ symbol ( ! productive & nutritive p[]s ( nature1 ! "m ( all life1 free & untam$ l ! wild bea/s :o accompani$ h]4 ,! grotesque & ar*aic idol believ$ to h fall5 d[n f heav5 0 a /iff1 erect mummy cov]$ ) _m brea/s & symbols ( wild bea/s4 ,h] wor%ip 0 organiz$ by a hi]>*y ( eunu* prie/s--call$ by a ,p]sian "n ,megabyzi--& 'consecrat$' virg9s4 ,x 0 associat$1 l o!r wor%ips ( ! same div9ity call$ indiff]5tly ,artemis or ,cybele or ,ma1 ) ideals ( life :i* f ! po9t #cg ( view ( any fix$ moral ord]1 ,roman or ,greek no less ?an ,jewi% or ,*ri/ian1 0 lawless & immoral4 ,x is v well kn[n h[ ! ,asiatic nature-wor%ips flood$ ! ,roman empire1 & ev5 at ,rome itself became by f> m popul> ?an ! traditional /ate religion4 ,& among ^! ,asiatic wor%ips none 0 m popul> ?an ! wor%ip ( ,artemis ( ,ephesus1 ^: temple 0 ! wond] ( ! _w1 & :o n only 0 wor%ipp$ publicly at ,ephesus1 b 0 ! object ( a cult bo? public & private 9 widely-sep>at$ p>ts ( ! empire4 ,su* a temple & su* a wor%ip w\ld naturally collect a base & corrupt population2 b :at w\ld 9 any case h be5 bad 0 r5d]$ worse by ! fact t ! area r\nd ! temple 0 an asylum ( refuge f ! law1 & t1 z ! area ( 'sanctu>y' 0 ext5d$ at diff]5t times1 ! collection ( crim9als became great] & great]4 ,x _h rea*$ a po9t :]e x ?reat5$ ! safety ( ! city1 & n long be=e ,/4 ,paul's "t ! ,emp]or ,augu/us _h f\nd x necess>y to curtail ! area4 ,! hi/ory ( our own ,we/m9/] is en\gh to assure u t a religi\s asylum br+s social degradation 9 its tra94 #ch ,su* 0 ! comm]cial & religi\s importance ( ! beautiful1 weal?y1 effem9ate1 sup]/iti\s1 & mo/ immoral city :i* became = ?ree ye>s ! c5tre ( ,/4 ,paul's m9i/ry4 ,on 8 second mission>y j\rney ,/4 ,paul 0 mak+ 8 way to ,asia1 & no d\bt to ,ephesus1 :5 he ) 8 companions 7 h9d]$ by ! ,holy ,gho/ & turn$ across ! ,hellespont to ,mac$onia#ch4 ,on 8 return to ,syria1 he c\ld n be satisfi$ )\t at lea/ sett+ foot 9 ,ephesus & mak+ a beg9n+ ( prea*+ !re 9 ! synagogue#ci2 b he 0 ha/5+ back to ,j]usalem1 &1 ) a promise ( return1 left 8 "w !re to ,priscilla & ,aquila4 ,on 8 ?ird mission>y j\rney ,ephesus 0 ! c5tre ( 8 prolong$ "w4 ,x 0 accord+ly ! only city ( ! fir/ rank :i*1 s f> z any tru/wor?y evid5ce goes1 _h z ! f\nd] ( its ,*ur* 9 ! /ricte/ s5se--t is1 z ! fir/ ga!r] ( conv]ts z well z organiz] ( in/itutions--ei!r ,/4 ,paul or any o!r apo/le#dj4 ,/4 ,paul's fir/ activity on arriv+ at ,ephesus illu/rates ! /ress he laid on ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/ z ! c5tral *>act]i/ic ( #ci ,*ri/ianity4 ,he 0 br\ght 9 contact ) ! twelve imp]fect disciples :o _h be5 baptiz$ only ) ,john ! ,bapti/'s baptism1 & _h n s mu* z he>d :e!r ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 giv54 ,/4 ,paul baptiz$ !m anew ) ,*ri/ian baptism1 & be/[$ ^u !m ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/ by ! lay+ on ( 8 h&s#da4 ,!n x is record$ h[ he began 8 prea*+ z usual ) ! ,jews 9 ! synagogue4 ,! ,jews ( ,asia ,m9or 7 reg>d$ by ! ,jews ( ,j]usalem z corrupt$ & ,hell5iz$#db4 ,b at any rate !y exhibit$ ! same antagonism to ! prea*+ ( ,*ri/ianity z _! /rict] bre?r54 ,?us ,/4 ,paul1 :5 he _h giv5 !m _! *ance1 ab&on$ _! synagogue & e/abli%$ himself 9 ! lecture-room ( ,tyrannus1 :]e he taught = two ye>s & m#dc4 ,& ?is became ! c5tre ( an evangelization :i*1 ev5 if ,/4 ,paul himself did n visit o!r ,asiatic t[ns1 yet spread by ! ag5cy ( 8 companions ov] ! :ole ( ! ,roman #dj prov9ce ( ,asia--to ! *ur*es ( ! ,lycus1 ,colossae1 ,laodicea1 ,hi]apolis1 & probably to ! re/ ( ! 'sev5 *ur*es' to :i* ,/4 ,john wrote 9 8 ,apocalypse4 ,ephesus 0 full ( sup]/itions ( all sorts z w\ld be expect$1 & ,/4 ,paul's miracles 7 su* z w\ld n unnaturally h l$ ! magicians to reg>d him z a great] ma/] 9 _! own craft4 ,s among o!rs ! ,jewi% *ief prie/ ,sceva's sev5 sons began to use ! c5tral "n ( ,paul's prea*+ z a new & mo/ effici5t =mula = exorcism4 ',we adjure !e by ,jesus :om ,paul prea*es4' ,b x is frequ5tly noticeable t ,/4 ,paul refus$ to all[ himself to use sup]/ition z a h&maid ( religion4 ,! provid5tial disa/] :i* befell ^! exorci/s gave ,/4 ,paul an opportunity ( /rik+ an effective bl[ :]e x 0 mo/ ne$$ aga9/ exorcism & magic4 ,! ,*ri/ian conv]ts came & confess$ _! p>ticipation 9 ! black arts1 & burnt _! books ( incantations1 9 spite ( _! value4 ,! :ole transaction mu/ h impress$ vividly 9 ! m9ds ( ! ,ephesians ! contra/ betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & sup]/ition4 ,/4 ,paul _h already enc\nt]$ opposition z well z success at ,ephesus1 = :51 writ+ #da f ,ephesus1 he speaks to ! ,cor9?ians#dd ( hav+ 'f\ght ) bea/s' !re1 ! ref]5ce is probably to :at _h befall5 him 9 ! e>li] "p ( 8 resid5ce ?r\gh ! plots ( ! ,jews2 t long ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians c h>dly h be5 writt5 aft] ! fam\s tumult record$ 9 ! ,acts4 ,b t tumult1 rais$ by ! manufactur]s ( ! silv] %r9es ( ,artemis1 0 ( c\rse ! mo/ important p]secution :i* befell ,/4 ,paul at ,ephesus4 ,! n>rative ( x#de is exce$+ly in/ructive4 ,we notice ! fri5dl9ess ( ! ,asi>*s1 i4e4 ! presid5ts ( ! prov9cial 'union' & prie/s ( ! imp]ial wor%ip1 & ! op9ion ( ! t[n cl]k1 t ,/4 ,paul mu/ be acquitt$ ( any insults to ! religi\s beliefs ( ! ,ephesians#df4 ,*ri/ianity _h n1 x appe>s1 yet excit$ ! antipa?y ( ! religi\s or civil au?orities ( ! ,empire1 b x _h begun to ?reat5 ! pockets ( ^? :o 7 conc]n$ 9 supply+ ! ne$s ( ! wor%ipp]s :o ?rong$ to ! great #db temple at ,ephesus4 ,we ne$ n inquire exactly h[ ! little silv] %r9es ( ,artemis 7 us$2 b !y 7 mu* s\ght aft]1 & _! production gave occupation to an important trade4 ,! trade 0 ?reat5$ by ! spread ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! philosoph]s despis$ inde$ ! idolatr\s rites1 b !y despis$ also ! p :o practis$ !m1 & _h no hope or idea ( conv]t+ !m#dg4 ,/4 ,paul 0 ! fir/ tea*] at ,ephesus :o t\*$ ! fe>s ( ! idol mak]s by br++ a pure religion to ! he>ts ( ! ord9>y p4 ,h5ce ! tumult aga9/ ! tea*]s ( ! new religion1 rais$ n by ! civil or religi\s au?orities ( ,ephesus1 b simply by ! trade int]e/4 ,z soon z x 0 ov] ,/4 ,paul left ,ephesus n to return !re aga94 ,b on 8 way back to ,j]usalem he came n to ,ephesus b to ,miletus1 & s5d+ = ! ,ephesian presbyt]s ?i!r1 he made !m a f>ewell spee*#dh1 :i* is 9 conspicu\s h>mony ) ! features ( 8 lat] ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians4 ,already ! doctr9es ( a div9e purpose or #dc c\nsel n[ reveal$1 ( ! ,*ur* 9 g5]al z ! object ( ! div9e self-sacrifice & love1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/ z accompli%+ h] sanctification & develop+ h] /ructure1 appe> to be prom95t 9 8 m9d1 & to h become famili> topics ) ! ,ephesian ,*ri/ians4 ',i %rank n f decl>+ unto y ! :ole c\nsel ( ,god4 ,take he$ unto y\rselves & to all ! flock1 9 ! :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ ha? made y bi%ops1 to fe$ ! *ur* ( ,god1 :i* he pur*as$ ) 8 own blood4444 ,& n[ ,i comm5d y to ,god1 & to ! ^w ( 8 grace1 :i* is able to build y up1 & to give y ! inh]itance among all !m t are sanctifi$4' ,^! words f ,/4 ,paul's spee* to ! ,ephesian presbyt]s are 9 rem>kable aff9ity ) ! tea*+ ( our epi/le4 v4 ,we h be5 assum+ t ?is epi/le 0 address$ to ,ephesus1 b !re are reasons to believe t x 0 n address$ to ,ephesus only1 b r g5]ally to ! *ur*es ( ! ,roman prov9ce ( ,asia1 ( :i* ,ephesus 0 ! *ief4 ,! reasons = ?9k+ ?is are #dd p>tly int]nal to ! epi/le4 ,/4 ,paul's p]sonal relations to individual ,ephesian ,*ri/ians mu/ h be5 _m & close1 & we "k 8 habit ( introduc+ p]sonal allusions & greet+s into 8 epi/les2 b ! s-call$ ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians is de/itute ( !m altoge!r1 contra/+ 9 ?is respect ev5 ) ! ,epi/le to ! ,colossians1 writt5 at ! same "t to a *ur* :i* ,/4 ,paul himself nev] visit$4 ,?is w\ld be a mo/ inexplicable fact if ! ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians 7 really a lett] to ?is "o p>ticul> *ur*4 ,m ?an ?is1 ,/4 ,paul speaks 9 sev]al passages 9 a way :i* implies t he & ^? he wrote to 7 dep5d5t on :at !y _h he>d = mutual k--'hav+ he>d ( ! fai? 9 ! ,"l ,jesus t is among y'--'if s be ye h he>d ( ! disp5sation ( ! grace ( ,god :i* 0 giv5 me to y\w>d4' ,su* language is mu* m natural if he is writ+ to o!rs besides ! ,ephesians4 ,& ?is evid5ce int]nal to ! sub/ance ( ! epi/le co9cides ) evid5ce ( ! manuscripts4 ,v e>ly manuscripts1 "s ( ^? :i* rema9 to u & "s :i* are report$ to u by primitive s*ol>s1 omit ! words '9 ,ephesus' f ,/4 ,paul's op5+ greet+ ',to ! sa9ts #de & fai?ful bre?r5 :i* are 9 ,ephesus4' ,?is fact1 c\pl$ ) ! abs5ce ( p]sonal rem9isc5ces 9 ! epi/le1 has sugge/$ ! idea t x 0 9 fact a circul> lett] to ! sa9ts & fai?ful bre?r5 at a numb] ( *ur*es ( ! ,roman prov9ce ( ,asia1 & t :]e ! words '9 ,ephesus' /& 9 our text1 !re 0 p]haps a blank left 9 ! epi/le z ,/4 ,paul dictat$ x1 :i* 0 int5d$ to be fill$ up 9 ea* *ur* :]e x 0 read4 ,?is is a view :i* has to a c]ta9 ext5t a special int]e/ = u 9 ,we/m9/] because1 if x 0 fir/ sugge/$ by ! ,g5evan comm5tator ,beza1 x 0 elaborat$ by ,ar*bi%op ,us%]1 :o is id5tifi$ ) our ,abbey by resid5ce & by ! memorable record ( 8 entombm5t 9 our abbey *ur* ) ,anglican rites by ! comm& ( ,cromwell4 ,x foll[s naturally f su* a view t :5 ,/4 ,paul writes to ! ,colossians & bids !m s5d _! lett] to ,laodicea1 & read t :i* comes f ,laodicea#di1 ! lett] :i* !y %\ld expect f ,laodicea w\ld be none o!r ?an ! s-call$ ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians :i* 0 to be read by !m z well z ! o!r ,asiatic ,*ri/ians4 #df vi4 ,en\gh p]haps has n[ be5 said to give a g5]al idea ( ! conditions "u :i* ?is great epi/le 0 writt52 & ! topics ( ! epi/le h be5 already indicat$4 ,its c5tral !me is t ( ! great ca?olic society1 ! r5ovat$ ,israel1 ! ,*ur* ( ,god4 ,9 ?is ca?olic bro!rhood ,/4 ,paul sees ! realization ( an age-long purpose ( ,god1 ! fulfilm5t ( a long-secret c\nsel1 n[ at la/ disclos$ to ,8 *os5 prophets4 ,he sees no?+ incongru\s 9 f9d+ 9 ! yet "y & limit$ societies ( ,*ri/ian disciples ! consummation ( ! div9e purpose = ! _w1 = ^! societies repres5t ! break+ d[n ( all b>ri]s & ! br++ ( all m5 to unity ) "o ano!r ?r\gh a recov]$ unity ) ,god1 ?r\gh ,*ri/ & 9 ,8 ,_s4 ,!re=e ! "w :i* ! ,*ur* is to accompli% is no?+ less ?an a univ]sal "w1 a "w n ev5 limit$ to humanity2 x is ! br++ back ( all ?+s visible or invisible into t unity :i* lies 9 ,god's orig9al purpose ( creation4 ,/4 ,paul long ago _h spok5 to ! ,cor9?ians ( a spiritual wisdom :i* !y 7 n yet ready to li/5 #dg to4 ,b n[ ,/4 ,paul seems to feel--= reasons :i* we h tri$ 9 "p to int]pret--t ! "t has come :5 all ! dep? & ri*ness ( ! div9e secret may be spok5 out4 ,no wond] t ! subject /irs 8 imag9ation & gives to 8 :ole tone an uplift+ & a glory )\t p>allel 9 8 o!r writ+s4 ,& yet x w\ld be altoge!r false to atta* to ?is epi/le any associations su* z are commonly connect$ ) flights ( imag9ation or ! language ( rhapsody4 ,= ! epi/le has ! mo/ direct be>+ on matt]s ( practical life4 ,if ,/4 ,paul glorifies ! ,*ri/ian ideal x is 9 ord] t all t weight ( glory may be br\ght to be> ^u ! ,asiatic ,*ri/ians to =ce !m to see t _! p]sonal & social conduct mu/ h a purity1 a lib]ality1 a wisdom1 a love1 a p[]1 comm5surate ) ! greatness ( ^? motives :i* are act+ ^u !m 9 _! new ,*ri/ian /ate4 #a ,! ,committee ( ! ,conf]5ce ( ,bi%ops at ,lambe?1 #ahig1 9 a report comm5d$ by ! bi%ops z a body to ! 'consid]ation ( all ,*ri/ian p1' write3 ',y\r committee d n hold t a true view ( ,holy ,scripture =ecloses any legitimate "q ab\t ! lit]>y "* or lit]al accuracy ( diff]5t p>ts or /atem5ts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4' #b ,acts xxiv #ad2 xxvi4 #f1 #g1 #bb1 #bc2 #b ,tim i4 #c4 #c ,eph4 ii4 #ab-ai4 #d #a ,!ss4 ii4 #ad-af4 #e ,galatians1 #a & #b ,cor9?ians1 ,romans4 #f ,see app4 note ,c1 p4 #beg4 #g ,acts ix4 #bj2 #a ,cor4 viii4 #f2 ,rom4 ix4 #e2 #b ,cor4 viii4 #i2 ,gal4 iv4 #d4 #h ,colossians1 ,ephesians1 ,philippians1 ,philemon4 #i ,col4 ii4 #ah3 'by a volunt>y humility 7or 'tak+ delight 9 humility'7 & wor%ipp+ ( ! angels4' #aj ,see i4 #ac-bj2 ii4 #b1 #c1 #i-bc2 iii4 #aa4 ,cf4 i4 #bg-bh4 #aa ,hort1 ,judai/ic ,*ri/ianity 7,macmillan1 #ahid71 p4 #abe4 #ab ,cf4 app4 note ,c1 p4 #beg4 #ac ,cf4 ,hort1 ,prolegom5a to ,romans & ,ephesians 7,macmillan1 #ahie71 p4 #ajj4 #ad ,col4 iv4 #b-d2 ,philemon #bb2 ,phil4 i4 #ab-ad4 #ae ,ramsay1 ,paul ! ,travell] 7,hodd] & ,/\ghton1 #ahie71 pp4 #acj ff4 #af ,ramsay1 l4c4 p4 #acb4 #ag ,see ,momms51 ,prov9ces ( ,roman ,empire 7,eng4 trans471 i4 #cdd ff42 ,lightfoot1 ,ign4 & ,polyc4 iii4 pp4 #djd ff4 #ah ,app4 note ,a1 p4 #bea4 #ai ,tatian1 ,ad ,graecos1 #bh1 #cb4 #bj ,ramsay1 l4c4 p4 #ace4 #ba ,rom4 xiii4 #a-g2 cf4 ii4 ,!ss4 ii4 #f4 #bb #a ,tim4 ii4 #a1 #b4 #bc ,acts xxv4 #ab4 #bd ,ramsay1 l4c4 p4 #adg4 #be ,lightfoot1 ,galatians1 ',/4 ,paul & ,s5eca1' pp4 #bhg ff4 #bf ,see app4 note ,b1 p4 #bec4 #bg ',! zeal ( its inhabitants = philosophy & g5]al culture is su* t !y h surpass$ ev5 ,a!ns & ,alex&ria & all o!r cities :]e s*ools ( philosophy c be m5tion$4 ,& its pre-em95ce 9 ?is respect is s great because !re ! /ud5ts are all t[nspeople1 & /rang]s d n readily settle !re4' ,/rabo1 xiv4 v4 #ac4 ,i d n suppose t ,/4 ,paul receiv$ any =mal education 9 ,greek s*ools at ,t>sus4 ,b ,i ?9k we mu/ assume t at "s p]iod ,/4 ,paul _h suffici5t contact ) ,g5tile educat$ op9ion1 :e!r at ,t>sus or else:]e1 to be acqua9t$ ) widely-spread religi\s & philosophical t5d5cies4 #bh ,cf4 ,hort1 ,*ri/ian ,ecclesia1 p4 #adc4 #bi ,acts xix4 #ba4 #cj ,rom4 i4 #ae1 #af4 #ca ,acts xxiii4 #aa4 #cb ,acts xxvii4 #bd4 #cc ,acts xxviii4 #ae4 #cd ,acts xx4 #bi1 #cj4 #ce ,among o!r articles ( comm]ce1 t5ts made 9 ,ephesus _h a special reputation1 & ,/4 ,paul & ,aquila _h special opportunities !re = ! ex]cise ( _! trade4 ,acts xx4 #cd4 #cf ,/rabo4 xiv4 #a1 #be4 #cg ,migne1 ,p4 ,l4 xxvi4 #dda4 #ch ,acts xvi4 #f-aj4 #ci ,acts xviii4 #ai4 #dj ,hort1 ,prolegom5a1 p4 #hc4 #da ,acts xix4 #a-g4 #db ,ramsay1 l4c4 p4 #adc4 #dc ',f ! fif? to ! t5? h\r' 7#aa a4m4 to #d p4m471 an e>ly addition to ! text ( ! ,acts tells u2 i4 e4 aft] "w h\rs1 :5 ! s*ool w\ld naturally be vacant & ,/4 ,paul w\ld h f9i%$ 8 manual lab\r at t5t-mak+4 ,ramsay1 l4c4 p4 #bgf4 #dd #a ,cor4 xv4 #cb4 #de ,acts xix4 #bc ff4 #df ,pr(4 ,ramsay ass]ts t in/ead ( 'robb]s ( temples' 7,acts xix4 #cg71 we %\ld translate 'disloyal to ! e/abli%$ gov]nm5t4' l4c4 p4 #bhb4 ,b ! ^w is us$ 9 ! =m] s5se 9 special connexion ) ,ephesus by ,/rabo1 xiv4 #a1 #bb1 & ,pseudo-,h]acleitus1 ,ep4 #g1 p4 #fd 7,b]nays74 #dg ,see app4 note ,b1 p4 #bec1 on ! contempor>y 'lett]s ( ,h]acleitus4' #dh ,acts xx4 #ag ff4 #di ,col4 iv4 #af4 #dh ,,! ,,epi/le ,,to ,,! ,,ephesians ,,*apt] ,i4 #a-b4 ,salutation4 ,sid5ote3 ,salutation ,/4 ,paul beg9s ?is1 9 common ) 8 o!r epi/les1 ) a brief salutation to a p>ticul> *ur* or gr\p ( *ur*es1 9 :i* is express$ 9 summ>y ! au?ority he has = writ+ to !m1 ! light 9 :i* he reg>ds !m1 & ! c5tral wi% = !m :i* he has 9 8 he>t4 ,paul1 an apo/le ( ,*ri/ ,jesus ?r\gh ! w ( ,god1 to ! sa9ts :i* are at ,ephesus1 & ! fai?ful 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus3 ,grace to y & peace f ,god our ,fa!r & ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,"h1 !n1 we h ?ree compress$ ?\ghts4 #a4 ,! p>ticul> p]son ,paul writes ?is lett] because he is n only a believ] 9 ,*ri/ b also an 'apo/le ( ,*ri/ ,jesus ?r\gh ! w ( ,god4' ,! ^w apo/le is a m or less g5]al ^w = a delegate1 z :5 ,/4 ,paul #di speaks ( ! 'apo/les 7or mess5g]s7 ( ! *ur*es#a2' b by an apo/le 9 its highe/ s5se1 'an apo/le ( ,jesus ,*ri/1' ,/4 ,paul meant "o ( ^?1 orig9ally twelve 9 numb]1 :o _h receiv$ p]sonally f ! ris5 ,*ri/ a p>ticul> commission to repres5t ,him to ! _w4 ,?is p>ticul> & p]sonal commission he claim$ to h receiv$1 9 common ) ! twelve1 ?\gh lat] ?an !y--at ! "t ( 8 conv]sion4 ',am ,i n an apo/le8' he cries4 ',h ,i n se5 ,jesus our ,"l#b8' ',he appe>$ to me also z unto "o born out ( due "t#c4' ',9 no?+ 0 ,i beh9d ! v *iefe/ apo/les#d4' ,& z 8 claim to ! apo/olate 0 *all5g$ by 8 ,judaiz+ oppon5ts he _h to insi/ ^u x1 to insi/ t x is n a commission f or ?r\gh ,pet] & ! o!r apo/les1 or dep5d5t ^u !m = its ex]cise1 b a direct commission1 l !irs1 f ! ,head ( ! ,*ur* ,himself4 ,he is1 he writes to ! ,galatians1 ',paul1 an apo/le1 n f m51 nor 7l ^? subsequ5tly orda9$ by himself or ! o!r apo/les1 l a ,timo?y1 or a ,titus1 or l ! lat] cl]gy7 ?r\gh man1' b directly ?r\gh1 #ej z well z f1 ! ris5 ,jesus :om 8 eyes _h se51 & ,8 et]nal ,fa!r#e4 ,x is surely a consolation to u ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 :o belong to a *ur* subject to con/ant attack on ! score ( apo/olic "*1 to rememb] t ,/4 ,paul's apo/olate 0 attack$ ) "s excuse1 & t he _h to sp5d a great deal ( ef=t 9 v9dicat+ x1 & 0 9 no way a%am$ ( do+ s1 because he p]ceiv$ t a c]ta9 aspect ( ! life & tru? ( ! ,*ur* 0 b\nd up ) its recognition4 #b4 ,& he writes to ! ,asiatic ,*ri/ians z 'sa9ts' & 'fai?ful 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4' ',sa9t' does n mean prim>ily :at we und]/& by x--"o pre-em95t 9 moral excell5ce2 b r "o consecrat$ or d$icat$ to ! s]vice & use ( ,god4 ,! idea ( consecration 0 common 9 all religions1 & frequ5tly1 z 9 ! ,asiatic wor%ips at ,ephesus & else:]e1 c>ri$ ) x associations q ! opposite ( ^? :i* we assign to hol9ess4 ,b ! special *>act]i/ic ( ! ,old ,te/am5t religion _h be5 ! righte\s & holy "* :i* x ascrib$ to ,jehovah4 ,consecration to ,him1 !re=e1 is se5 to require #ea p]sonal hol9ess1 & ?is requirem5t is only deep5$ 9 mean+ "u ! ,gospel4 ,b /ill '! sa9ts' means prim>ily ! 'consecrat$ ones'2 & all ,*ri/ians are !re=e sa9ts--'call$ z sa9ts' r ?an 'call$ to be sa9ts1' 9 virtue ( _! belong+ to ! consecrat$ body into :i* !y 7 baptiz$2 sa9ts :o because ( _! consecration are !re=e b\nd to live holily#f4 ',! sa9ts' 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les#g is simply a synonym = ! ,*ur*4 ,/4 ,paul !n writes to ! ,asiatic ,*ri/ians z 'consecrat$' & 'fai?ful 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1' i4 e4 believ+ memb]s incorporat$ by baptism2 & he writes to !m = no o!r purpose ?an to make !m und]/& :at is impli$ 9 _! common consecration & common fai?4 #c4 ,& 8 good wi%es = !m he sums up 9 ! t]ms ',grace & peace 9 ,god our ,fa!r & ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4' ,grace is t free & unm]it$ fav\r or good-w ( ,god t[>ds man :i* takes %ape 9 a cont9u\s outfl[ ( ! v ri*es ( ,god's #eb inmo/ be+ & _s into ! life ( man ?r\gh ,*ri/2 & peace ( he>t1 ,godw>d & manw>d1 'c5tral peace subsi/+ at ! he>t ( endless agitation' is t by ! possession & be/[al ( :i* ,*ri/ianity be/ gives assurance ( its div9e orig94 ,we notice t ^! div9e gifts are ascrib$ to ',god our ,fa!r & ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4' ,/4 ,paul does n g5]ally call ,*ri/ by ! title ,god1 p>tly1 no d\bt1 f long engra9$ habit ( language1 b p>tly also because no?+ 0 m important ?an t no language %\ld be us$ 9 ! fir/ propagation ( ,*ri/ianity :i* c\ld give excuse = confus+ ! ,*ri/ian belief 9 ! ?reefold ,"n ) ! wor%ip ( _m gods4 ,b1 f ! fir/1 ,*ri/1 9 ,/4 ,paul's language1 is exalt$ z ,"l into a simply div9e supremacy1 & associat$ mo/ intimately ) all ! mo/ exclusively div9e op]ations 9 ! _w )\t1 & 9 ! he>t ( man )94 ,moreov]1 ,/4 ,paul refuses absolutely to tol]ate any association ( o!r1 h[ev] exalt$1 be+s ) ,*ri/ 9 lord%ip or m$iator%ip1 all creat$ be+s :atev] be+ simply ! "w ( ,8 h&s#h4 ,!re rema9s1 !re=e1 no room to #ec "q t ,/4 ,paul believ$ ,*ri/ to be /rictly div9e3 to be ,himself no creature1 no highe/ ar*angel1 b "o :o1 ) ! ,holy ,_s alone1 is truly prop] & ess5tial to ! div9e be+2 & x af=ds u1 !re=e1 no mann] ( surprise t f "t to "t ,/4 ,paul actually calls ,*ri/ ,god1 z 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans ':o is ov] all1 ,god bless$ = ev]#i1' & probably 9 ! ,epi/le to ,titus 'our great ,god & savi\r ,jesus ,*ri/#aj4' #a #b ,cor4 viii4 #bc4 #b #a ,cor4 ix4 #a4 #c #a ,cor4 xv4 #h4 #d #b ,cor4 xii4 #aa4 #e ,gal4 i4 #a4 #f ,t]tullian1 de ,an4 #ci1 rightly int]prets #a ,cor4 vii4 #ad1 'n[ are !y ! *ildr5 ( ^: p>5ts "o 0 a ,*ri/ian holy1' z mean+1 n[ are !y already consecrat$ & m>k$ out = baptismal sanctification by ! pr]ogative ( _! bir?4 #g ,acts ix4 #ac1 #cc4 #h ,cf4 #a ,cor4 viii4 #f2 ,col4 i4 #af4 #i ,rom4 ix4 #e4 #aj ,tit4 ii4 #ac4 #ed ,,division ,i4 ,,*apt]s ,i4 #c-;,,iv4 #ag4 ,i4 ,,*apt] i4 #c-ad4 ,/4 ,paul's lead+ ?\ghts4 ,sid5ote3 ,/4 ,paul's lead+ ?\ghts ,be=e we read ! op5+ p>agraph ( ,/4 ,paul's lett] we _h bett] review ! great ?\ghts :i* are prom95t 9 8 m9d z he writes4 ,my ambition is to make my read]s feel t ideas :i*1 because !y h become ,*ri/ian commonplaces or because !y h be5 black5$ by controv]sy1 h by ?is "t a r+ ( unreality ab\t !m1 or ( !ological remot5ess1 or ( controv]sial bitt]ness1 are 9 fact1 if we w 'consid] !m anew1' ideas ! mo/ important1 ! mo/ practical1 & ! mo/ closely adapt$ to ! moral ne$s ( ! pla9 man4 i4 ,/4 ,paul writes to ! ,*ri/ians z '9 ,*ri/1' '9 ! belov$1' 'bless$ ) all spiritual b5$iction 9 ! heav5ly places 9 ,*ri/1' 'adopt$ #ee z sons ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/4' ,we are all ( u p]fectly famili> ) ! idea ( ,*ri/ z1 s to speak1 a p]sonal & individual r$eem]1 z ! holy & righte\s "o1 ! belov$ & accept$ ,son1 :o is ris5 f ! dead & exalt$ to supreme sov]eignty 9 heav54 ,b popul> !ology has n be5 q s famili> ) ! idea t ,*ri/ 0 & is all ?is 9 our manhood1 n simply because ,he 0 ,god z well z man 7true z ?is is72 b because z man ,he 0 ano9t$ ) ! ,holy ,_s ( ,god3 t x 0 9 ! p[] ( t ,_s t ,he liv$ ,8 life ( hol9ess & wr\ght ,8 miracles ( p[]3 t x 0 9 ! p[] ( t ,_s t ,he taught & suff]$ & di$ & 0 glorifi$4 ,nor has popul> ,*ri/ianity be5 famili> ) ! result+ tru?3 t by t div9e ,_s :i* possess$ ,him z man1 ! life ( ,*ri/ is ext5d$ beyond ,himself to take 9 ^? :o believe 9 ,him1 & make !m memb]s ( '! *ur* :i* is 8 body4' ,yet1 9 fact1 ?is ext5sion is impli$ ev5 9 ! "n ,*ri/4 ,! k+ ,messiah1 ! ,*ri/ ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 is b ! c5tral figure ( a :ole k+dom associat$ ) ,him1 & all ! *>act]i/ic phrases = ,*ri/ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t #ef express ! same idea4 ,he is ! 'fir/-born among _m bre?r5#a'2 ,he is ! 'fir/ fruits#b' ( a great h>ve/2 ,he is ! 'head ( ! body#c'2 ,he is ! 'bridegroom' insep>able f '! bride#d'2 ,he is ! second ,adam1 t is1 head ( a new humanity#e4 ,?us if ! heav5s clos$ ar\nd ! asc5d+ ,*ri/1 & hid ,him f view1 !y op5$ aga9 ar\nd ! desc5d+ ,_s1 desc5d+ into ! he>t ( ! ,*ri/ian society to p]petuate ,*ri/'s life & pres5ce !re4 ,?is hi/orical asc5t & desc5t only embody 9 unmi/akable facts ! tru? t ! life-giv+ ,_s1 :o made ! manhood ( ,*ri/ s satisfy+ to our moral aspirations1 is also & ) ! same reality1 ?\gh n ) ! same p]fection or fre$om1 liv+ & work+ 9 t great society :i* ,he f\nd$ to repres5t ,him on e>?4 ,because ?is society is possess$ by ! ,_s1 !re=e x lives 9 ! same life z ,*ri/1 x & all its individual memb]s are '9 ,*ri/4' ,9 "o place1 inde$1 ,/4 ,paul includes ! ,*ur*1 ! body1 ) its head "u ! "o "n '! ,*ri/#f4' ,sid5ote3 ,life 9 ,*ri/ ,x is because ! ,*ur* ?us %>es ,*ri/'s #eg life t x is already spok5 ( z %>+ ,8 exaltation4 ,we 'sit toge!r 9 ! heav5ly places ) ,*ri/' = no o!r reason ?an because1 ?\gh we are on e>?1 our life is b\nd up invisibly b 9 liv+ reality ) ! life ( ! glorifi$ ,*ri/1 & we h 9 ,him free access into ! c\rts ( heav54 ,= ?is reason aga91 z ! fulness ( ! div9e attributes dwells 9 ! glorifi$ ,*ri/--all ! fulness ( ! ,godhead bodily1 s ! same fulness is attribut$1 ideally at lea/1 to ! ,*ur* too4 ,x too is '! fulness ( him t fille? all 9 all4' ,to ,/4 ,paul's m9d !re is "o true human life 9 :i* m5 are "o ) "o ano!r because !y are at "o ) ,god4 ,t true human life is ,*ri/'s life1 :i* ,he once liv$ on e>?1 & :i* ,he is at pres5t liv+ 9 ! glory ( ,god1 & :i* is fulfill$ ) all ! complet5ess ( ! div9e life itself4 ,b t true human life is also %>$ by ea* & e memb] ( ,8 ,*ur*1 )\t exception1 )\t ref]5ce to race or le>n+1 or weal?1 or sex1 or age4 ,i h said t ?is is ideally ! case4 ,?is id5tification ( ,*ri/ ) ! ,*ur*1 t is to say1 is n yet fully realiz$4 ,! ,*ur* is n yet glorifi$1 n yet morally p]fect$ nor #eh full gr[n 9 ! div9e attributes4 ,its p>ticul> memb]s may be liv+ deceitful & di%on\rable lives4 ,?is is to say 9 o!r words t ,god's "w 9 'r$emption ( 8 own possession1' ,8 acquirem5t ( a p to ,himself1 is n yet complete4 ,! pur*ase-money is paid1 b x has n yet tak5 full effect4 ,b r$emption is an accompli%$ fact 9 ! s5se t all ! conditions ( ! f9al success are already !re4 ,! ideal may be freely realiz$ 9 e ,*ri/ian because he has receiv$ ! 'e>ne/' or pl$ge ( ! ,_s1 ! pl$ge1 t is1 ( all t is to be accompli%$ 9 him4 ,& ?is ,_s 0 receiv$ by ea* ,*ri/ian at a p>ticul> & assignable mom5t4 ,we "k :at /ress ,/4 ,paul laid at ,ephesus on prop] ,*ri/ian baptism & ! lay+ on ( h&s :i* foll[$ x#g4 ,by baptism m5 7 spok5 ( z incorporat$ into ,*ri/4 ,) ! lay+ on ( h&s 0 associat$ ! be/[al ( ! ,_s4 ,h5ce=? a ,*ri/ian _h no ne$ to ask = ! ,_s z if ,he 7 n already be/[$ ^u him2 he _h only to br+ into practical use spiritual =ces & p[]s :i* ! div9e b\nty _h already put at 8 disposal4 #ei ,if we comp>e ?is set ( ideas ) ^? t h be5 curr5t 9 our popul> !ology1 we %all f9d t ! ma9 diff]5ce lies 9 ?is1 t "h ! /ress is laid on ! "w ( ,*ri/ 9 man by ,8 ,_s1 :ile ! !ology :i* has be5 popul> among u has laid ! /ress r on ! 'vic>i\s' "w ( ,*ri/ outside u & = u1 by mak+ a propitiation = our s9s4 ,n[ 9 fact ?is latt] doctr9e is an unmi/akable "p ( ,/4 ,paul's tea*+ 9 ?is epi/le & else:]e4 ,& all ! mi/akes to :i* x has l$ are due to its n hav+ be5 kept 9 prop] relation to ! set ( ideas :i* ,i h j be5 endeav\r+ to exp\nd4 ',*ri/ = u1' ! sacrifice ( propitiation has be5 sep>at$ f ',*ri/ 9 u1' our new life2 :]eas really ! sacrifice 0 b a necess>y removal ( an ob/acle1 prelim9>y to ! new life4 ,x 0 a necess>y prelim9>y t ,*ri/ %\ld put u on a fre% basis1 %\ld enable u to break f our pa/ & make a fre% />t 9 ! div9e acceptance4 ,?is ,he did by mak+ atonem5t = our s9s1 (f]+ z a propitiatory sacrifice ,8 life1 ev5 to ! %$d+ ( ,8 blood1 t ! ,fa!r might be enabl$ to =give our s9s4 ,?is transaction is always #fj repres5t$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t z be+ ! act ( ! ,fa!r z well z ( ! ,son1 = ! div9e p]sons are n sep>able--nei!r an act by :i* ! ,son =ces ! unwill+ h& ( ! ,fa!r1 nor an act 9 :i* ! ,fa!r lays an undes]v$ burd5 ^u an unwill+ ,son--& ! idea ( propitiation seems to ,/4 ,paul1 z inde$ x has seem$ to m5 g5]ally1 a ?or\ghly natural idea4 ,only 9 "o place does he make any sugge/ion z to :y su* a prelim9>y sacrifice ( propitiation 0 necess>y4 ,!re#h he seems to f9d ! moral necessity = x 9 ! fact t ?r\gh long ages ,god's '=be>ance' _h left m5 to "w ?r\gh _! own res\rces & s to f9d out _! ne$ ( ,him4 ',he suff]$ all nations to walk 9 _! own ways4' ,he 'w9k$ at' or 'ov]look$ times ( ignorance4' ,he 'pass$ ov] s9s#i4' ,?is 0 "p ( ,8 educative process4 ,"o result ( x1 h[ev]1 0 a l[]+ ( ! moral ideas ent]ta9$ ( ! div9e "*4 ,?us ,god's righte\sness1 :i* means hol9ess & compassion comb9$1 ne$$ to be decl>$ especially at t crisis ( ! div9e deal+s :5 ,god 0 com+ out t[>ds #fa m51 :om ,he _h educat$ by ,8 seem+ abs5ce to feel _! ne$ ( ,him1 ) ! (f] ( ,8 love4 ,! free b\nty ( ,8 m]cy mu/ n be misund]/ood z if x 7 indiff]5ce or laxity ab\t moral wick$ness4 ,?us ! proclamation ( ,8 compassion mu/ be associat$ ) some?+ :i* w\ld make unmi/akable ! sev]ity ( ,8 hol9ess & ,8 moral claim4 ,?is tw(old end is :at ,*ri/ accompli%es4 ,?us if ,he is ! reveal] ( ! compassion ( ! ,fa!r1 ,he also v9dicates ! div9e "* by a great act ( moral rep>ation1 made 9 man's "n & on man's behalf1 to ! div9e hol9ess :i* our s9s h ignor$ & outrag$4 ,?is great act ( rep>ation is consummat$ 9 ! blood%$d+ ( ! ,*ri/4 ,! sacrifice ( consummate ob$i5ce is c>ri$ to its extreme po9t & accept$ 9 its p]fection4 ,god 9 ,*ri/ receives f man1 & t publicly1 a p]fect rep>ation3 an ackn[l$gem5t )\t fault or drawback3 a p]fect sacrifice4 ,n[ ,god c =give ! s9s ( m5 freely & )\t moral risk1 if !y come to ,him 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/4 ,to come to ,god 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/ means1 ( c\rse1 to come 9 consci\s moral id5tification ( "o's self ) ,*ri/1 ) #fb ,8 ,_s & ,8 motives4 ,! fai? :i* simply accepts ! b\nty ( =giv5ess ?r\gh ,*ri/'s sacrifice1 mu/ pass necess>ily into ! fai? :i* corresponds ob$i5tly ) ! div9e love4 ,?us ! purpose ( ! atonem5t is nev] express$ z be+ t we %\ld be let (f puni%m5t1 or simply t we %\ld be =giv51 b r t1 be+ =giv51 we %\ld be unit$ to ,*ri/ 9 ,8 life#aj4 ,! propitiation :i* ,*ri/ (f]$ is only ! removal ( a prelim9>y ob/acle to our fell[%ip ) ,him 9 ! life ( ,god4 ,! "w ( ,*ri/ '= u' has no mean+ or efficacy till x has begun to pass into ! "w ( ,*ri/ '9 u' by ,8 assimilat+ ,_s4 ,x 0 only z baptiz$ into ,*ri/ & %>+ ,8 ,_s t ,*ri/ians c\ld accept ! =giv5ess ( _! s9s ?r\gh ! %$d+ ( ,*ri/'s blood4 ,! sacram5t ( new life is also ! sacram5t ( absolution1 & ! wa%+ away ( s9s4 ,no?+ 9 fact c be pla9] 9 ?is ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians ?an t '! r$emption ?r\gh ,*ri/'s blood1 ev5 ! =giv5ess ( trespasses#aa' 0 only a prelim9>y removal ( #fc ob/acles to t fell[%ip ) ,god 9 ,*ri/ by ,8 ,_s :i* is ! secret ( ! ,*ur*4 ii4 ,sid5ote3 ,pr$e/9ation ,/4 ,paul's m9d is full ( ! idea ( pr$e/9ation4 ,he delights to contemplate ! et]nal purpose ( ,god z ly+ beh9d :at seems to u ! pa9fully sl[ me?od by :i* div9e results are actually won4 ,:at age-long processes h be5 necess>y bo? among ! ,jews & among ! ,g5tiles be=e ?is "y *ur*1 ?is div9e society ( man ) ,god has become possible6 ,:at sl[ work+ ?r\gh 'times ( ignorance1' :at inf9ite delay 9 ! div9e =be>ance--z we %\ld n[ say1 :at age-long processes ( developem5t6 ,b ,/4 ,paul is q c]ta9 t ! result is no aft]?\ght1 no accid5t ( ! mom5t2 b t f end to end ( ! univ]se !re rea*es a me?od ( ! div9e wisdom1 & t "h 9 ! ca?olic *ur* x has arriv$ at an issue4 ',god *ose u 9 ,*ri/ be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w t we %\ld be holy & )\t blemi% 7z spotless victims7 be=e him 9 love3 hav+ =eorda9$ u unto adoption z sons ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/ unto himself4' ',=e-orda9$ #fd to be a h]itage accord+ to ! purpose ( him :o worke? all ?+s aft] ! c\nsel ( 8 w4' ,s he assev]ates & repeats & insi/s4 ,!re are1 we may say1 two ideas commonly associat$ ) pr$e/9ation :i* ,/4 ,paul gives u no w>rant = ass]t+4 ,! "o is ! pr$e/9ation ( individuals to et]nal loss or de/ruction4 ,t ,god %\ld create any s+le individual ) ! int5tion ( et]nally de/roy+ or puni%+ him is a horrible idea1 &1 )\t pry+ into my/]ies1 we may say boldly t !re is no w>rant = x 9 ! ,old or ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,god is inde$ repres5t$ z pr$e/9at+ m51 l ,jacob & ,esau1 to a high] or l[] place 9 ! ord] ( ! _w or ! *ur*4 ,!re are 'vessels' made by ! div9e pott] to purposes ( 'hon\r1' & 'vessels' made to purposes 7comp>atively7 ( 'di%on\r#ab'3 !re are m hon\rable & less hon\rable limbs ( ! body#ac4 ,b ?is does n prejudice ! et]nal prospects ( ^? :o 9 ?is _w hold ! less advantage\s po/s4 ,) ,god is no respect ( p]sons4 ,aga9 ,god is repres5t$ z pr$e/9at+ m5 to moral h>dness ( he>t :]e su* h>dness is a judgem5t on previ\s wilfulness4 ,?us #fe m5 may be pr$e/9$ to tempor>y rejection ( ,god1 z 9 ,/4 ,paul's m9d ! majority ( ! contempor>y ,jews 74 ,t 0 _! judgem5t1 & _! puni%m5t#ad4 ,x 0 h[ev] n ,god's fir/ int5tion = !m nor ,8 la/4 ,^? *apt]s ( ,/4 ,paul#ae :i* conta9 ! mo/ t]rible ?+s ab\t ! pres5t reprobation ( ! ,jews conta9 also ! mo/ emphatic repudiation ( ! idea t moral reprobation 0 ,god's fir/ idea = !m1 or ,8 la/4 ',! gifts & call+ ( ,god1' t is1 ,8 good gifts & call+1 says ,/4 ,paul1 speak+ ( ! n[ 'reprobate' ,jews1 are ')\t rep5tance#af4' ,god's pres5t reprobation ( !m is only a process t[>ds a fre% opportunity4 ',god ha? %ut up all into disob$i5ce t he might h m]cy ^u all#ag4' ,m5 may baffle ! orig9al div9e purpose1 & t1 s f> z _! own bless$ness is conc]n$1 ev5 f9ally3 !y may become f9ally 'reprobate'3 b ! div9e purpose = !m at its root rema9s a purpose = good4 ',god w h all m5 to be sav$ & to come to ! k ( ! tru?#ah4' #ff ,& once aga91 ! idea ( a pr$e/9ation = good1 tak+ effect necess>ily & irrespective ( m5's co-op]ation1 is an idea :i* has be5 intrud$ unju/ifiably into ,/4 ,paul's ?\ght4 ,x exalts 8 :ole be+ to consid] t he is co-op]at+ ) ,god1 & t ! conditions "u :i* he lives repres5t a div9e purpose ) :i* he is call$ to "w4 ,x is ?is :i* makes him feel x is wor? :ile work+3 x is ?is :i* n]ves & su/a9s him 9 all suff]+s1 & enl>ges 8 horizon 9 all re/ra9ts3 b he nev] sugge/s t x does n lie )9 ! my/]i\s p[] ( 8 own w to )draw himself f co-op]ation ) ,god4 ,x is at lea/ conceivable to him t he %\ld himself be reject$#ai4 ,9 t fam\s li/ ( ext]nal =ces :i* he feels are unable to te> him f ! grasp ( ! div9e love1 8 own w is n includ$#bj1 nor c\ld be includ$ )\t gross inconsi/5cy4 ,beyond all "q !re is "h "o problem :i* rema9s = all "t unsolv$ & insoluble--! relation ( div9e =e-k#ba #fg to human fre$om4 ,if we m5 are free to *oose1 h[ c x be1 or c x really be ! case at all1 t ,god kn[s be=eh& actually h[ ea* individual w behave 9 ea* p>ticul> case8 ,?is is a problem :i* we _c fa?om any m ?an we c fa?om any ( ! problems :i* require = _! solution an exp]i5ce ( :at an absolute & et]nal consci\sness c mean4 ,b ! problem belongs to metaphysics4 ,x inh]es 9 ! idea ( et]nity & ,god4 ,! ,bible nei!r creates x nor solves x4 ,we may say x does n t\* x4 ,c]ta9ly :5 ,/4 ,paul dwells ^u ! ?\ght ( div9e pr$e/9ation he dwells ^u x 9 ord] to emphasize t1 ?r\gh all ! vicissitudes ( ! _w's hi/ory1 a div9e purpose runs2 & especially t ,god works out ,8 univ]sal purposes ?r\gh specially select$ ag5ts '8 elect1' on :om ,8 *oice re/s = special ends 9 accordance ) an et]nal design & int5tion4 ,& ! s5se ( co-op]at+ ) an et]nal purpose ( ,god inspires & /r5g!ns him4 ,= ,god w n drop ,8 "w by ! way4 ,:om ,he did =ekn[ or m>k out be=eh& = ,8 div9e purposes1 !m ,he also =eorda9$ or pr$e/9at$ to son%ip1 & 9 due "t call$ into ! numb] #fh ( ,8 elect1 & ju/ifi$ !m1 t is1 p>don$ _! s9s & gave !m a new /&+-gr\nd 9 ,*ri/1 & glorifi$ or w glorify !m by ! gradual op]ation ( ,8 grace#bb4 ,! /eps or mom5ts ( ! div9e action recogniz$ 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans are practically ! same z ^? allud$ to 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians4 ,!re also is ! et]nal *oice1 & ! pr$e/9ation to son%ip1 & at a p>ticul> "t ! call into ! ,*ur*1 & ! ju/ification or remission ( s9s ?r\gh ! blood ( ,*ri/1 & ! gradual promotion ?r\gh sanctification to glory4 ,& ! moral fruit ( contemplat+ ,god's et]nal purpose = ,8 elect1 & ! /ages ( ,8 "w ^u !m1 is to be *e]ful confid5ce ( a "r sort4 ,god w n drop !m by ! way1 nor ! "w :i* !y are 'call$' to accompli%4 ',god :o ha? begun a good "w w p]fect x until ! day ( ,jesus ,*ri/#bc4' ,:]ev] ,/4 ,paul recognizes a movem5t t[>ds good 9 ! s+le s\l or 9 ! _w1 he kn[s t x is no accid5tal or pass+ phase3 x has its roots 9 ! et]nal w1 & unless we resi/ x 9 wilful ob/9acy1 ! et]nal w %all at la/ #fi c>ry x on to p]fection4 ',!re %all nev] be "o lo/ good4' ,x is n out ( place to notice 9 ?is connexion h[ closely ak9 is ,/4 ,paul's ?\ght to ! mod]n philosophy ( evolution4 ,only to ,/4 ,paul ! sl[ process ( cosmic or human evolution is 9 no k9d ( opposition to ! idea ( div9e design4 iii4 ,sid5ote3 ,! elect ,?is pr$e/9at$ body1 ! ,*ur*1 is :at 9 ano!r ^w ,/4 ,paul calls ! 'elect' or '*os54' ,! idea ( election has _h a v false turn giv5 to x1 p>tly ?r\gh mi/akes :i* h be5 already allud$ to1 p>tly because ! idea ( election has be5 sep>at$ f ano!r idea ) :i* 9 ! ,bible x is mo/ closely associat$1 ! idea ( a univ]sal purpose to :i* ! elect m9i/]4 ,no ?\ght c be m prom95t 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ?an ! ?\ght t "s m5 out ( multitudes h be5 *os5 by ,god to be 9 a special relation ( intimacy ) ,him4 ',y only h ,i kn[n1 ,o ,israel1 ( all ! families ( ! e>?4' ,b ?is election to special k ( ,god1 & special spiritual opportunity1 #gj c>ries ) x a correspond+ responsibility4 ,x is no piece ( fav\ritism on ,god's "p4 ,! great] our opportunity ! m is requir$ ( u4 ',y only h ,i kn[n ( all ! families ( ! e>?2 !re=e w ,i visit ^u y all y\r iniquities#bd4' ,! fact is t ! pr9ciple ( inequality 9 capacity & opportunity runs ?r\gh ! :ole _w bo? 9 individuals & 9 societies4 ,a great g5ius or a great nation has special privileges & opportunities1 b also1 9 ! sight ( ,god :o judges m5 accord+ to _! opportunities1 special responsibilities4 ,b also 7& ?is is by f> ! mo/ important po9t7 ! special vocation ( e elect individual or body is = ! sake ( o!rs#be4 ,x is ,god's me?od to "w ?r\gh ! few ^u ! _m4 ,t is ! law ( m9i/ry :i* b9ds all ! _w ( /rong & weak1 ( ri* & poor1 ( le>n$ & ignorant1 into "o4 ,?us ,abraham _h be5 *os5 alone1 b x 0 t1 ?r\gh 8 se$1 all ! nations ( ! e>? %\ld be bless$4 ,israel 0 exclusively ! p ( ,god1 b x 0 9 ord] t all nations %\ld le>n f !m at la/ ! ^w ( ,god4 ,! apo/les 7 #ga ! fir/ 'elect' 9 ,*ri/ ) a little ,jewi% company4 ',we'--s ,/4 ,paul speaks ( ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians--'we :o _h be=e hop$ 9 ,*ri/4' ,b x 0 to %[ ! way to all ! ,g5tiles 7'ye also1 :o h he>d ! ^w ( ! tru?1 ! gospel ( y\r salvation1'7 :o 7 also to con/itute ',god's own possession' & ,8 'h]itage4' ,! purpose to be realiz$ is a univ]sal "o3 x is ! re-union ( man ) man1 z su*1 by be+ all toge!r reunit$ to ,god 9 "o body4 ,& ?is idea is to h application ev5 beyond ! b\nds ( humanity4 ,unity is ! pr9ciple ( all ?+s z ,god creat$ ! _w4 ',9 ,*ri/1' ,/4 ,paul writes to ! ,colossians1 'all ?+s consi/' or 'hold toge!r 9 "o sy/em#bf4' ,x is only s91 :e!r 9 man or 9 ! dimly-kn[n spiritual _w :i* lies beyond1 :i* has spoil$ ?is unity1 & 9 sep>at+ ! creatures f ,god has sep>at$ !m f "o ano!r4 ,& ! ,*ur* ( ! reconciliation is ,god's elect body to repres5t a div9e purpose ( re/oration f> wid] ?an itself--ext5d+ 9 fact to all creation4 ,x is ! div9e purpose1 ) a view to 'a disp5sation ( ! fulness ( ! times1 to sum up' or 'br+ toge!r aga9 9 unity' all ?+s 9 #gb ,*ri/2 ! ?+s 9 ! heav51 ! dim spiritual =ces ( :i* we h only glimpses1 & ! ?+s ^u ! e>? :i* we "k s mu* bett]4 ,?is great & ri* idea ( ! election ( ! ,*ur* z a special body to fulfil a univ]sal purpose ( recov]y1 _c be express$ bett] ?an 9 ! v anci5t pray] :i* =ms "p ( ! pas*al c]emonies ( ! ,lat9 liturgy4 ',o ,god ( un*angeable p[] & et]nal light1 look fav\rably on ,?y :ole ,*ur*1 t wond]ful & sacr$ my/]y1 & by ! tranquil op]ation ( ,?y p]petual provid5ce1 c>ry out ! "w ( man's salvation2 & let ! :ole _w feel & see t ?+s :i* 7 ca/ d[n are be+ rais$ up1 & ?+s :i* _h gr[n old are be+ made new1 & all ?+s are return+ to p]fection ?r\gh ,him1 f :om !y took _! orig91 ev5 ?r\gh our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4' iv4 ,sid5ote3 ,! div9e secret disclos$ ,?is univ]sal reconciliation ?r\gh a ca?olic *ur* 0 ,god's et]nal purpose1 b x 0 kept secret f ! ages & ! g5]ations1 only at la/ to be disclos$ to ,8 #gc apo/les & prophets4 ,! ^w 'my/]y' 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t means mo/ly a div9e secret :i* has n[ be5 disclos$4 ,j z ! secret ( ,nebu*adnezz>'s dream1 i4e4 ! purpose ( ,god 9 ! !n ord] ( ! _w1 0 imp>t$ to ,daniel1 s n[ ! great disclosure ( ! div9e my/]y or secret has be5 made1 prim>ily inde$ to apo/les & prophets1 b ?r\gh !m to ! :ole body ( ! fai?ful4 ,! fai?ful mu/ ( c\rse beg9 by receiv+ t simple/ spiritual n\ri%m5t :i* is milk = babes4 ,!y are to welcome ! div9e =giv5ess ( _! s9s 9 ,*ri/1 & ! gift ( new life ?r\gh ,him 9 _! baptism & ! lay+-on ( h&s4 ,!y are to be taught ! rudim5t>y tru?s & moral lessons :i* are ! fir/ pr9ciples ( ! oracles ( ,*ri/4 ,b !y are n to /op ) ?is4 ,!y are1 & !y are all ( !m )\t exception#bg1 int5d$ to gr[ up to ! full appreh5sion ( ! wisdom ( ! 'p]fect' or p]fectly initiat$4 ,!y are to dwell ^u ! div9e secret1 n[ reveal$1 ( ,god's purpose = ! univ]se ?r\gh ! *ur* till _! :ole he>t & intellect & imag9ation is enlight5$ & enri*$ by x4 #gd v4 ,sid5ote3 ,x is all ( grace ,& is ! greatness ( ?is exaltation & k v\*saf$ to ! ,*ur* to be a r5ew$ occasion ( pride--t spiritual pride1 ! fatal results ( :i* _h already become app>5t ?r\gh ! rejection ( ! ,jews8 ,no3 unless ?r\gh a complete mi/ake1 ! v opposite mu/ be ! result4 ,! /r5g? ( human pride1 z ,/4 ,paul _h se5 long ago1 lay 9 ! idea t man c\ld h m]it ( 8 own1 face to face ) ,god3 c\ld h good works :i* 7 8 own & n ,god's1 & :i* gave him a claim ^u ,god4 ,t ,jewi% doctr9e ( m]it#bh _h be5 convict$ ( utt] falsity 9 ,/4 ,paul's own spiritual exp]i5ce4 ,he _h f\nd himself br\ght to ackn[l$ge1 l any s9n] ( ! ,g5tiles1 8 simple dep5d5ce ^u ! div9e compassion = =giv5ess & acceptance4 ,?is spiritual exp]i5ce ( ,/4 ,paul 0 only ! realiz+ ?r\gh "o *annel ( :at is1 9 fact1 an elem5t>y tru? ab\t human nature4 ,! idea ( human indep5d5ce is demon/rably a false idea4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 man draws 8 life1 physical & spiritual1 f #ge s\rces beyond himself--f ! "o s\rce1 ,god4 ,9 con/ant dep5d5ce on ,god he lives necess>ily f mom5t to mom5t1 :e!r to brea!1 or ?9k1 or w4 ,! fre$om ( w :i* he has is n really orig9ative or creative p[]1 b a capacity ( volunt>y correspond5ce ) :at is giv5 him f beyond himself4 ,9 t p[] ( correspond5ce1 or refusal to correspond1 man's lib]ty beg9s & ends4 ,he creates no?+4 ,x is n t man does some?+ & !n ,god does ! re/4 ,! tru? is t :5 we track man's good action to its root 9 8 w1 we f9d = c]ta9 t ,god has be5 be=eh& ) him4 ,! good he does is 9 correspond5ce ) moral & physical laws & =ces ( ! univ]se1 or1 9 o!r words1 ) div9e p[]s & purposes l5t & sugge/$ to him4 ,to attempt indep5d5ce ( ,god1 to h s*emes & plans absolutely "o's own1 is to "w arbitr>ily & ignorantly1 & ultimately to fail & to "k t "o has fail$4 ,?us m51 :5 !y realize ! facts ( _! condition1 mu/ dep5d1 & rejoice to dep5d1 :olly ^u ,god z = =giv5ess :]e !y h done wrong1 s also = sugge/ion & p[] t !y may d any?+ aright4 ,!re is #gf !n no room = human pride4 ,x is a mi/ake4 ,we come back to recognize1 :at ,/4 ,paul realiz$ 9 8 own deep spiritual exp]i5ce & taught ! ,*ur* at ! beg9n+4 ,:atev] is good 9 ! _w is all ( div9e initiation & ( div9e grace4 ,x is all1 n to our glory1 b 7z ,/4 ,paul ?ree times repeats 9 ! op5+ p>agraphs ( our epi/le7 'to ! praise ( 8 glory1' or 'to ! praise ( ! glory ( 8 grace :i* he freely be/[s on u' out ( ,8 pure love & goodwill4 ,sid5ote3 ,/4 ,paul's lead+ ?\ghts ,^! are ! great lead+ ?\ghts :i* are 9 ,/4 ,paul's m9d z he beg9s to write to ! ,asiatic ,*ri/ians4 ,8 he>t1 8 imag9ation1 8 intellect is full ( ! ?\ght ( ! ca?olic society z x exi/s 9 ,*ri/1 ! ext5sion ( ,8 life2 ( ?is society z ! outcome ( an et]nal & sl[-work+ purpose ( ,god2 ( ?is society1 z s]v+ univ]sal div9e ends = humanity & = ! univ]se2 ( ?is society1 z af=d+ a sph]e 9 :i* all m5's faculties may be enlight5$ & delight$ ) ! dep? & l>g5ess ( ! div9e purpose2 :ile 8 :ole be+ is kept1 safe f all ! delusions ( pride1 9 cont9ual & consci\s dep5d5ce ^u div9e grace4 #gg ,) ^! ?\ghts reflect$ 9 our m9ds we %all f9d t we h ! ma9 clue to ! :ole ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians1 & m p>ticul>ly to all ! words ( ! op5+ *apt]1 :i* ,/4 ,paul beg9s ) a great ascription ( praise to ,god = ! bless+ ( ! ,*ur*4 ,bless$ be ! ,god & ,fa!r ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o ha? bless$ u ) e spiritual bless+ 9 ! heav5ly places 9 ,*ri/3 ev5 z he *ose u 9 him be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w1 t we %\ld be holy & )\t blemi% be=e him 9 love3 hav+ =eorda9$ u unto adoption z sons ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/ unto himself1 accord+ to ! good pleasure ( 8 w1 to ! praise ( ! glory ( 8 grace1 :i* he freely be/[$ on u 9 ! ,belov$3 9 :om we h our r$emption ?r\gh 8 blood1 ! =giv5ess ( our trespasses1 accord+ to ! ri*es ( 8 grace1 :i* he made to ab\nd t[>d u 9 all wisdom & prud5ce1 hav+ made kn[n unto u ! my/]y ( 8 w1 accord+ to 8 good pleasure :i* he purpos$ 9 him unto a disp5sation ( ! fulness ( ! times1 to sum up all ?+s 9 ,*ri/1 ! ?+s 9 ! heav5s1 & ! ?+s ^u ! e>?2 9 him1 ,i say1 9 :om also we 7 made a h]itage1 hav+ be5 =eorda9$ accord+ to ! purpose ( him :o worke? all ?+s aft] ! c\nsel ( 8 w2 to ! end t we %\ld be unto ! praise ( 8 glory1 we :o _h be=e hop$ 9 ,*ri/3 9 :om ye also1 hav+ he>d ! ^w ( ! tru?1 ! gospel ( y\r salvation1--9 :om1 hav+ also believ$1 ye 7 seal$ ) ! ,holy ,_s ( promise1 :i* is an e>ne/ ( our inh]itance1 unto ! r$emption ( ,god's own possession1 unto ! praise ( 8 glory4 #a ,rom4 viii4 #bi4 #b #a ,cor4 xv4 #bc4 #c ,eph4 iv4 #ae1 #af4 #d ,eph4 v4 #cb2 ,rev4 xxi4 #i4 #e #a ,cor4 xv4 #de2 ,rom4 v4 #ab-ai4 #f #a ,cor4 xii4 #ab4 #g ,acts xix4 #a-g4 #h ,rom4 iii4 #bd-bf4 ,i h tri$ to develope ,/4 ,paul's h9t4 #i ,rom4 iii4 #be2 ,acts xiv4 #af2 ,acts xvii4 #cj4 #aj ,! e>lie/ & simple/ expression ( ! matt] is t 9 ,/4 ,paul's e>lie/ epi/le 7#a ,!ss4 v4 #aj71 ,*ri/ 'di$ = u 444 t we %\ld live toge!r ) him4' #aa ,eph4 i4 #g2 cf4 ii4 #ac ff4 #ab ,rom4 ix4 #ba4 #ac #a ,cor4 xii4 #bb ff4 #ad ,cf4 ,/4 ,matt4 xiii4 #ac-ae2 ,/4 ,john xii4 #ci1 #dj4 ,we are n 7,rom4 ix4 #ag7 told :y ,ph>aoh 0 br\ght out on ! /age ( hi/ory z an example ( ,god's h>d5+ judgem5t4 ,b no d\bt !re 0 a moral reason4 #ae ,rom4 ix-xi4 #af ,rom4 xi4 #bi4 #ag ,rom4 xi4 #cc4 #ah #a ,tim4 ii4 #d4 #ai #a ,cor4 ix4 #bg4 #bj ,rom4 viii4 #ch1 #ci #ba ,i am us+ ! ^w "h n 9 its ,bible s5se1 = 9 ! ,bible ,god is said to '"k' m5 9 ! s5se ( fix+ ,8 *oice or approval ^u !m2 & to '=ekn[' is !re=e to approve or *oose be=eh&1 z suitable in/rum5ts = a div9e purpose4 ,i am us+ ! ^w 9 its ord9>y s5se4 #bb ,rom4 viii4 #bh-cj4 #bc ,phil4 i4 #f4 #bd ,amos iii4 #b4 #be ,on ! ,jewi% idea ( election1 cf4 app4 note ,c1 p4 #bfa4 #bf ,col4 i4 #a4 #bg ,col4 i4 #bh4 #bh ,see app4 note ,c1 p4 #beg4 #gh ,,division ,i4 #b4 ,,*apt] ,i4 #ae-bc4 ,/4 ,paul's ,pray]4 ,/4 ,paul foll[s up ?is fir/ expression ( ! great ?\ghts t fill 8 m9d ) a deep & compreh5sive ?anksgiv+ = t l>ge measure ( correspond5ce ) ! div9e purpose :i* is report$ f ! ,asiatic *ur*es1 & ) a pray] = _! full enlight5m5t 9 he>t & intellect4 ,he prays t !y may rise to ! true sci5ce ( :at _! ,*ri/ian call+1 z fell[-inh]itors ) ! sa9ts ( ! div9e bless+1 really means2 & to an adequate expectation ( :at ,god int5ds to d 9 !m1 on ! analogy ( :at ,he has already done 9 ,*ri/ _! head4 ,= ?is cause ,i also1 hav+ he>d ( ! fai? 9 ! ,"l ,jesus :i* is among y1 & :i* ye %ew t[>d all ! sa9ts1 cease n to give ?anks = y1 mak+ m5tion ( y 9 my pray]s2 t ! ,god ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,fa!r ( glory1 may give unto y a _s ( wisdom & revelation 9 ! k ( him2 hav+ ! eyes ( y\r he>t enlight5$1 t ye may "k :at is ! hope ( 8 call+1 :at ! ri*es #gi ( ! glory ( 8 inh]itance 9 ! sa9ts1 & :at ! exce$+ greatness ( 8 p[] to u-w>d :o believe1 accord+ to t work+ ( ! /r5g? ( 8 might :i* he wr\ght 9 ,*ri/1 :5 he rais$ him f ! dead1 & made him to sit at 8 "r h& 9 ! heav5ly places1 f> above all rule1 & au?ority1 & p[]1 & dom9ion1 & e "n t is nam$1 n only 9 ?is _w1 b also 9 t :i* is to come3 & he put all ?+s 9 subjection "u 8 feet1 & gave him to be head ov] all ?+s to ! *ur*1 :i* is 8 body1 ! fulness ( him t fille? all 9 all4 ,!re is v little fur!r explanation ne$$ = ?is passage4 ,b ?ree phrases may be not$3-- 7#a7 ,/4 ,paul calls ! ,fa!r '! ,god ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1' z our ,"l ,himself calls ,him 'my ,god' 7,john xx4 #ag7 9 ,8 resurrection /ate4 ,x is no d\bt ( ,*ri/ z man t ! ,fa!r is ,god2 b ?is relation ( ! ,son z man to ! ,fa!r dep5ds ^u an et]nal subord9ation 9 :i* ! ,son1 ev5 z ,god1 /&s to ! ,fa!r f :om ,he d]ives ,8 div9e life4 ,! ess5tial subord9ation ( ! ,son 7& ,_s7 to ! ,fa!r z ! "o f\nt ( ,godhead1 is cont9ually sugge/$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t2 b x involves no inf]iority 9 ,godhead1 or subsequ5ce 9 "t--'no?+ be=e or aft]1 no?+ great] or less1' z ! ,quicunque vult says4 ,& x conveys to u ! moral lesson t a subord9ate position is n to be res5t$ z if x 7 a di%on\r4 7#b7 ,! _s ( 'wisdom & revelation' v\*saf$ to u is to enable u to appreh5d 9 a measure ! div9e 'wisdom & prud5ce#a' manife/$ 9 ,god's "w ( creation & r$emption4 ,! humility :i* is cont5t to correspond pati5tly & tea*ably ) ! me?od ( ,god is1 z ,francis ,bacon 0 at pa9s to tea*1 ( ! ess5ce ( all fruitful human sci5ce4 7#c7 ,! expression '! fulness' or '! fulness ( ! ,godhead#b' means ! sum total ( ! div9e attributes1 :i*1 in/ead ( be+ spread ov] diff]5t angelic m$iators1 z ! ,colossians 7 dispos$ to imag9e1 are1 by ! div9e w1 all conc5trat$ & comb9$ 9 ! glorifi$ ,*ri/4 ,& "h ,/4 ,paul tea*es ! ,ephesian ,*ri/ians t all t belongs to ! glorifi$ ,*ri/ is to belong also to ! ,*ur*1 :i* is ,8 body4 ,x is ,*ri/ :o gives to all creatures :atev] v>i\s gifts ( life !y h4 ,he 'fille? all 9 all'2 t is1 ',he fille? ! :ole univ]se ) all v>iety ( #ha gifts4' ,b some?+ mu* m ?an v>i\s gifts--! sum total ( all ,he is--,he p\rs1 or int5ds to p\r1 into ! ,*ur*1 s t ! ,*ur* z well z ! ,*ri/ %all embody1 & ?us be id5tifi$ )1 ! fulness ( ! div9e attributes4 ,at pres5t ! ,*ur* is ?is only ideally1 or 9 ! div9e int5tion3 ! actually exi/+ ,*ur* has /ill mu* ne$ ( gr[? t h] memb]s 'may be fill$ 7z !y are n at pres5t7 up to ! measure ( ! div9e fulness'2 or1 9 o!r words1 up to '! measure ( ! /ature ( ! fulness ( ! ,*ri/#c4' ,! fulness1 accord+ to ,/4 ,paul's doctr9e1 is to be s\ght fir/ 9 ! et]nal ,god2 !n 9 ! glorifi$ ,*ri/2 !n1 ?r\gh ,him1 9 ! fully develop$ ,*ur*2 &1 f9ally1 ?r\gh ! ,*ur*1 9 a s5se 9 ! univ]se z a :ole1 :5 ! "w ( r$emption is done & ,god is at la/ 'all 9 all' ?r\gh\t ,8 creation4 ,x may be notic$ t ,/4 ,paul1 9 ?is doctr9e ( '! fulness1' is ?9k+ r ( ! div9e attributes z manife/$1 ?an z !y are 9 !mselves3 & ( ,*ri/1 n z ! et]nal #hb ,son ( ,god1 b1 m p>ticul>ly1 z inc>nate & glorifi$4 ,x 0 ! 'good pleasure' ( ! ,fa!r to fill ! exalt$ ,*ri/1 ! fir/-begott5 f ! dead1 ) ! fulness ( div9e glory & p[] z ! rew>d ( ! humility & love :i* ,he %[$ :5 ,he 'empti$ himself 9 tak+ ! =m ( a s]vant#d4' ,?is be/[al 0 no d\bt a giv+ anew to ,him1 z man & z head ( ! ,*ur*1 :at 0 et]nally ,8 z ,son ( ! ,fa!r4 ,!re is ano!r int]pretation adopt$ by ,*ryso/om 9 anci5t times1 & by ,dr4 ,hort among mod]ns1 ( ! phrase '! *ur* :i* is 8 body1 ! fulness ( him :o fille? all 9 all4' ,accord+ to !m ! ,*ur* is reg>d$ z mak+ ! ,*ri/ complete4 ,x is 9 ?is s5se ! 'fulfilm5t' ( ,*ri/1 because )\t ! ,*ur* ,he w\ld be a head )\t its memb]s3 & !n ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce %\ld be translat$ diff]5tly--'! *ur* :i* is 8 body1 ! fulfilm5t ( him :o is fulfill$ 9 all ways ) all ?+s4' ,b ?is is decid$ly less agreeable to ! g5]al use ( ! expression '! fulness' 9 ! epi/les to ! ,colossians & ,ephesians#e4 #hc ,sid5ote3 ,"s practical lessons ,we may also pause to recognize "o or two ways 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul's view ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 z exhibit$ 9 ! op5+ ( ?is epi/le1 sugge/s special defici5cies among ourselves4 7#a7 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ri/ianity is a religion ( ?ankfulness4 ,?is epi/le is a bur/ ( exub]ant praise4 ,yet he 0 himself a prison]1 & ! *ur* ( ,ephesus1 ) ! o!r ,asiatic *ur*es1 0 sorely ?reat5$ ) moral & spiritual p]ils ( all k9ds4 ,! secret ( ?is ?ankfulness is t he looks /raight away f himself & 8 surr\nd+s up to ,god4 ,he measures ! value ( human life & "w n by :at imm$iate exp]i5ce sugge/s1 b by :at he kn[s ( ! purpose ( ,god4 ,9 spite ( all ! ob/acles oppos$ by human wilfulness & weakness & s91 he kn[s t ,8 purpose w effect itself3 !re=e he 'rejoices 9 ! ,"l always1' & no disc\rag+ circum/ances c qu5* ! spr+s ( 8 rejoic+4 ,our ,*ri/ianity is apt to be ( a v 'dutiful' k9d4 ,we mean to d our duty1 we att5d *ur* & g to our communions4 ,b our he>ts are full ( ! difficulties1 ! h>d%ips1 #hd ! ob/acles :i* ! situation pres5ts1 & we g on our way sadly1 d[nhe>t$ & despond5t4 ,we ne$ to le>n or le>n anew f ,/4 ,paul t true ,*ri/ianity is insep>able f deep joy2 & ! secret ( t joy lies 9 a cont9ual look+ away f all else--away f s9 & its ways1 & f ! manifold h9drances to ! good we w\ld d--up to ,god1 ,8 love1 ,8 purpose1 ,8 w4 ,9 proportion z we d look up to ,him we %all rejoice1 & 9 proportion z we rejoice 9 ! ,"l w our religion h tone & p[] & attractiv5ess4 7#b7 ,/4 ,paul appeals to ! ,asiatic ,*ri/ians n to become some?+ !y are n1 or to acquire "s spiritual gift t !y h n receiv$1 b simply to realize :at !y already are1 & to claim ! privileges ( _! baptiz$ /ate4 ,!y are already 'adopt$ z sons#f4' ,!y h1 l ! ,galatians1 receiv$ '! ,_s ( adoption4' ,! po9t n[ is t !y %\ld realize & put into practice :at already belongs to !m4 ,?is mode ( appeal is bas$ on ! doctr9e--9 spite ( its _m p]v]sions ! mo/ valuable doctr9e--( baptismal #he reg5]ation4 ,! false me?od ( appeal--z if c>eless ,*ri/ians ne$$ to become sons ( ,god--:i* involves a false idea ( 'reg5]ation1' has be5 s mu* id5tifi$ ) popul> ,prote/antism1 t ,i _c d bett] ?an quote "s v apposite rem>ks by ! late ,congregationali/ tea*]1 ,dr4 ,dale1 ( bless$ memory1 f 8 noble comm5t>y on ?is v epi/le to ! ,ephesians3-- ',?is adoption ( :i* ,paul speaks is some?+ m ?an a m]e legal & =mal act1 convey+ c]ta9 high pr]ogatives4 ,we are call$ ! sons ( ,god because we are really made ,8 sons by a new & sup]natural bir?4 ,reg5]ation is sometimes describ$ z ?\gh x 7 m]ely a *ange 9 a man's pr9ciples ( conduct 9 8 "*1 8 ta/es1 8 habits4 ,! description is !ologically false1 & practically mo/ p]nici\s & mislead+4 ,if reg5]ation 7 no?+ m ?an ?is1 we %\ld h to speak ( a man z be+ m or less reg5]ate1 accord+ to ! ext5t ( 8 moral re=mation2 b ?is w\ld be contr>y to ! idiom ( ,new ,te/am5t ?\ght4 ,t a great *ange 9 ! moral region ( a man's nature w c]ta9ly foll[ reg5]ation is true2 ?is *ange1 h[ev]1 is n reg5]ation itself1 b ! effect ( reg5]ation2 & ! moral *ange :i* reg5]ation produces v>ies 9 _m ways 9 diff]5t m54 ,9 "s ! *ange is imm$iate1 decisive1 & app>5tly complete4 ,9 o!rs x is extremely gradual1 & may be = a long "t h>dly disc]nible4 ,9 "s reg5]ate m5 grave s9s rema9 = a "t un=sak51 p]haps unrecogniz$4 ,look at ^! ,ephesian ,*ri/ians4 #hf ,! ,apo/le has to tell !m t !y mu/ put away falsehood & speak ! tru?2 t !y mu/ give up ?iev+1 & f\l talk1 & covet\sness1 & gross s5sual s94 ',he addresses !m z sa9ts4 ,he describes !m z hav+ be5 *os5 9 ,*ri/ be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w1 & =eorda9$ by ,god unto adoption z sons unto ,himself2 & yet he kn[s t !y are 9 dang] ( committ+ ^! base & flagrant (f5ces4 ,x 0 h>d = !m to escape f ! vices ( hea!nism4 ,!y 7 reg5]ate2 b z yet1 9 "s ( !m1 ! moral effects ( reg5]ation 7 v incomplete1 ! *ange :i* reg5]ation 0 ultimately c]ta9 to produce 9 _! moral life _h only begun1 & x 0 *eck$ & h9d]$ by a ?\s& ho/ile influ5ces4 ',! simple/ & mo/ obvi\s acc\nt ( reg5]ation is ! true/4 ,:5 a man is reg5]at$ he receives a new life & receives x f ,god4 ,9 itself reg5]ation is n a *ange 9 8 old life1 b ! beg9n+ ( a new life :i* is conf]r$ by ! imm$iate & sup]natural act ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,! man is really born aga94 ,a high] nature comes to him ?an t :i* he inh]it$ f 8 human p>5ts2 he is begott5 ( ,god1 born ( ! ,_s4' ,?is passage1 especially z com+ f ,dr4 ,dale1 supplies a v valuable corrective to /ill curr5t religi\s mi/akes4 ,b surely we h no gr\nd = say+ t ! moral effects 'c]ta9ly' foll[ reg5]ation1 or foll[ x 9 all cases4 ,x is n 'ultimately c]ta9 to produce' !m 9 all p]sons1 b only 9 ^? :o #hg exhibit1 soon] or lat]1 ! moral correspond5ce ( a conv]t$ w4 7#c7 ,mo/ ,*ri/ians :o h react$ f ,calv9ism & its false doctr9e ( pr$e/9ation h ceas$ to ?9k ab\t ! tru? :i* x repres5ts4 ,b we ne$ to make a "r in/ead ( a wrong use ( ^! great ideas ( pr$e/9ation & election1 & ?us to get rid ( all ! mis]able n>r[ness & hopelessness :i* settles d[n ^u u :5 we all[ ourselves to ?9k ( religion z ma9ly a process ( sav+ our own s\ls1 & :5 we live only 9 our pres5t feel+s4 ,:at c be m inspir+ & /r5g!n+ ?an to believe t !re is an et]nal purpose ( ,god work+ itself out 9 ! univ]se ?r\gh all its /ages & p>ts2 t ?is et]nal purpose includes u1 & has fa/5$ ^u u individually & br\ght u into ,*ri/ & ,8 ,*ur*1 to make true m5 ( u2 & t x has done all ?is n = our own sakes only1 b to disclose some?+ m ( ,god's glory & = ! fulfilm5t ( great & univ]sal purposes1 :i* are to radiate out ev5 f u8 ,:]ev] ,/4 ,paul sees ! h& ( ,god 9 pres5t exp]i5ce1 at once 8 m9d works back to an et]nal w & !re=e also #hh =w>d to an et]nal & adequate result4 ,& ?is backw>d & =w>d look transfigures ! pres5t ) a new glory & a fre% hope4 ,s w x be ) u if ?is same *>act]i/ically ,*ri/ian way ( look+ at any app>5t movem5t ( ,god 9 ! pres5t1 9 our own s\ls or 9 ! _w outside u1 becomes habitually & in/9ctively ours4 ,god nev] acts on a sudd5 impulse or )\t purpose ( cont9uance4 ,c]ta9ly ,he c be tru/$ n to /op & leave ?+s unf9i%$4 ,:5 ,he ha? begun any good "w ,he w assur$ly p]fect x1 if we w let ,him4 #a i4 #h4 #b ,see ,col4 i4 #ai2 ii4 #i2 cf4 ii4 #c1 '9 ,*ri/ are all ! treasures ( wisdom & k hidd54' #c ,eph4 iii4 #ai2 iv4 #ac4 ,x is n c]ta9 t by ,him ':o fille? all 9 all' ,/4 ,paul does n mean ! ,fa!r r ?an ! ,son4 ,b iv4 #aj supports ! int]pretation giv5 above4 #d ,col4 i4 #ai2 ,phil4 ii4 #i-aa4 #e ,& ! ^w r5d]$ 'fille?' may h a middle & n a passive s5se1 ! idea be+ p]haps sugge/$ t ,god 'fills all ?+s = 8 own purpose4' #f ,t is1 !y 7 'pr$e/9$ to an adoption' 7,eph4 i4 #e7 :i* x is impli$ !y h already receiv$4 #hi ,,division ,i4 #c4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 #a-aj4 ,s9 & r$emption4 ,sid5ote3 ,! dep? ( s9 ,9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ! epi/le1 ,/4 ,paul has _h be=e 8 eyes ! glory ( ,god's r$emptive "w--! wond] ( ,8 purpose ( pure love = ! univ]se ?r\gh ! ,*ur*4 ,8 imag9ation has k9dl$ at ! ?\ght ( ! l5g?1 ! bread?1 ! height ( ! div9e op]ation3--! l5g?1 = x is an et]nal purpose sl[ly work$ out ?r\gh ! ages2 ! bread?1 = x is to ext5d ov] ! :ole univ]se2 ! height1 = x is to c>ry m5 up to no l[] po9t ?an ! ?rone ( ,*ri/ 9 ! heav5ly places4 ,b n[ he /ops to call ! att5tion ( 8 conv]ts to :at we may call a 'f\r? dim5sion' ( ! div9e op]ation--its dep?4 ,h[ wond]fully l[ ,god _h /oop$1 9 ord] to rea* ! po9t to :i* man _h sunk6 ,! ,asiatic ,*ri/ians are bidd5 to pond] anew1 & by #ij contra/ to _! pres5t exp]i5ce1 ! life :i* !y _h once liv$ be=e !y knew ,*ri/ or 7 f\nd 9 ,him4 ,let u read ! apo/le's words1 & !n consid] !m 9 detail3-- ,& y did he quick51 :5 ye 7 dead ?r\gh y\r trespasses & s9s1 :]e9 a=etime ye walk$ accord+ to ! c\rse ( ?is _w1 accord+ to ! pr9ce ( ! p[] ( ! air1 ( ! _s t n[ worke? 9 ! sons ( disob$i5ce2 among :om we also all once liv$ 9 ! lu/s ( our fle%1 do+ ! desires ( ! fle% & ( ! m9d1 & 7 by nature *ildr5 ( wra?1 ev5 z ! re/4 ,we naturally put z a p>allel to ^! & o!r v]ses ( ?is epi/le 7iv4 #ag-ai7 ! t]rible passage 9 ,romans i1 :]e ,/4 ,paul describes ! developem5t ( s9 9 ! ,g5tile _w2 h[ x _h its orig9 9 ! refusal ( ! human w to recognize ,god1 h[ out ( ! p]v]sion ( w x spread to ! bl9d+ ( ! und]/&+1 & !n to giv+ an ov]ma/]+ p[] & an unnatural di/ortion to ! passions1 s t a /ate ( moral lawlessness 0 produc$ & ma9ta9$4 ,:at are we to say z to ! tru? ( ^! acc\nts ( ! moral condition ( ! hea!n _w8 ,no d\bt !re is a good deal to be #ia said on ! o!r side4 ,roman simplicity & virtue1 & ! sanctity ( dome/ic life1 _h n1 z contempor>y inscriptions & hi/orical records make p]fectly evid5t1 fad$ out ( ! ,roman ,empire1 & philan?ropy & love ( ! poor 7 recogniz$ excell5ces4 ,nor _h philosophic virtue vani%$ f ! s*ools#a4 ,& all ?is ,/4 ,paul w\ld n be sl[ to recognize4 ,9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans#b itself he speaks 9 language1 su* z a ,/oic might h us$1 ( ^? :o1 un9/ruct$ by any special div9e law1 7 a law unto !mselves1 9 t !y %[$ ! practical effect ( ! law writt5 9 _! he>ts4 ,we mu/ !re=e recognize t ,/4 ,paul is1 9 ! passage we are n[ consid]+1 speak+ ideally2 t is to say1 he is speak+ ( ! g5]al t5d5cy ( ! hea!n life1 j z he speaks ideally ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur* 9 view ( its g5]al t5d5cy2 & he is speak+ ( x z he mo/ly knew x himself 9 ! notori\sly corrupt cities ( ! ea/1 ,antio* & ,ephesus4 ,ephesus1 9 p>ticul>1 _h an extraord9>ily bad "* = vice z mu* z = sup]/ition2 & :at #ib ,/4 ,paul says ( ! hea!n life does n 9 fact make up a /rong] indictm5t or pres5t a black] picture ?an :at is said by a ,/oic philosoph]1 p]haps 8 contempor>y1 :o wrote at ,ephesus1 "u ! %elt] ( ! "n ( ! great ,ephesian ( anci5t days1 ,h]acleitus#c4 ,moreov]1 ,/4 ,paul appeals unhesitat+ly to ! actual exp]i5ce ( ^! ,asiatic ,*ri/ians1 & !re is no reason to d\bt t _! consci5ces w\ld h respond$ to :at he said to !m ab\t ! old life out ( :i* !y _h be5 br\ght4 ,let u n[ analyze a little m exactly ?is acc\nt ,/4 ,paul gives ( ! /ate ( s9 :i* he saw ar\nd him 9 contempor>y society4 7#a7 ',ye walk$ accord+ to ! c\rse ( ?is _w4' ,by '?is _w' ,/4 ,paul1 l ! o!r ,new ,te/am5t writ]s1 means practically human society z x organizes itself = its own purposes ( pleasure or pr(it )\t ?\ght ( ,god1 or at lea/ )\t ?\ght ( ,god z ,he truly is4 ,^! ,asiatic ,*ri/ians1 !n1 _h =m]ly ord]$ _! life & conduct accord+ to ! dem&s & expectations ( ! worldly _w1 obey+ its motives1 gov]n$ #ic by its fa%ions & its laws1 & indiff]5t to ^? consid]ations :i* x repudiat$ or ignor$4 7#b7 ,b to belong to ! _w 9 ?is s5se is1 9 ,/4 ,paul's m9d1 to belong to ! k+dom ( ,satan4 ,! worldly _w _h its orig9 f a false desire ( indep5d5ce on man's "p4 ,he did n want to be controll$ by ,god2 he want$ to live 8 own life = himself4 ,b 9 lib]at+ himself accord+ to 8 wi%es f ! control ( ,god he fell1 accord+ to ,/4 ,paul's belief1 "u ano!r control4 ,rebellion _h be5 9 ! univ]se be=e man4 ,!re are invisible rebel spirits1 ( ^: real exi/5ce & influ5ce ,/4 ,paul _h no m d\bt ?an any o!r ,jew :o 0 n a ,sadducee4 ,&1 inde$1 our ,"l _h s spok5 ( good & evil spirits z to assure ,8 disciples ( _! exi/5ce & influ5ce4 ,^! rebel wills are unse5 by u & 9 mo/ respects unkn[n1 b !y organize & give a c]ta9 coh]5ce & cont9uity to evil 9 ! _w4 ,!re ?us arises a sort ( k+dom ( evil ov] aga9/ ! k+dom ( ,god1 & ^? :o w n surr5d] !mselves to ,god & ,8 k+dom1 become p]=ce s]vants ( ,satan & 8 k+dom4 ,x is 9 view ( ?is tru? t ,/4 ,paul #id tells ^! ,asiatic ,*ri/ians t !y us$ to walk accord+ 'to ! pr9ce ( ! p[] ( ! air1 ! _s t n[ worke? 9 ! sons ( disob$i5ce4' 7,^! evil spirits 71 by a natural way ( ?9k+1 locat$ 9 ! air1 accord+ to ! contempor>y ,jewi% ideas2 & ! idea is1 if no?+ m1 a conv5i5t metaphor = a subtle & p]vad+ influ5ce47 ,?is view ( _! old life1 z a bondage to evil spirits1 is "o :i* w\ld be z easily realiz$ by inhabitants ( ,asiatic cities1 :]e m5 7 l>gely occupi$ 9 f9d+ *>ms aga9/ bad spirits1 z by mod]n ,indian conv]ts f devil-wor%ip4 ,*ri/ianity recognizes a basis ( reality 9 ! sup]/ition f :i* at ! same "t x deliv]s m54 7#c7 ,! ma9 *>act]i/ic ( ?is old godless life _h be5 lawlessness1 b ,/4 ,paul "h1 z 9 8 ,epi/le to ! ,romans1 associates ,jews ) ,g5tiles1 'we' ) 'y1' 9 ! same condemnation4 ,! spirits1 or real selves ( ! ,*ri/ians1 _h be51 9 _! =m] /ate1 dom9at$ by _! appetites or _! imag9ations4 ,!y 7 occupi$ 9 do+ :at _! fle% or _! ?\ghts sugge/$4 ,x is noticeable t ,/4 ,paul puts '! m9d' side by side ) '! fle%' z a cause ( s91 ! intellectual #ie side by side ) ! s5sual & emotional nature4 ,we (t5 9 fact1 9 our age1 h exp]i5ce ( p :o are n 's5sual' 9 ! ord9>y s5se1 b :o live lives :i* h no goodness1 no p]sev]ance1 no ord]1 no fruitfulness 9 !m1 because !y are ! slaves ( ! ideas ( _! own m9d z !y pres5t !mselves1 n[ "o1 n[ ano!r2 unregulat$ ideas be+ 9 fact1 j z mu* z unregulat$ passions1 fluctuat+1 arbitr>y1 & tyrann\s4 ,no?+ is m truly ne$$ to-day ?an ! discipl9e ( ! imag9ation4 7#d7 ,m5 liv+ su* a life ( bondage are describ$ fur!r z 'dead ?r\gh _! trespasses & s9s4' ,/4 ,paul means by dea? to describe any /ate ( intellectual & moral ins5sibility4 ,he w\ld h ! ,*ri/ian 'dead' to ! motives & voices ( ! worldly & s5sual _w4 ,s 9 ! same way he rem9ds ! ,asiatic ,*ri/ians t to all t life ( ,god 9 :i* !y 7 n[ fruitfully liv+1 !y _h at "o "t be5 ins5sible or dead--t is1 bl9d to ^? ?+s :i* n[ seem$ mo/ app>5t1 unt]rifi$ at :at w\ld n[ seem mo/ horrible1 unmov$ by :at n[ seem$ mo/ fasc9at+4 ,& if ?is 0 _! /ate view$ 9 itself1 9 _! relation to ,god #if !y 71 l ! ,jews also1 '*ildr5 ( wra?4' ,?is expression is us$ 9 our cate*ism to describe 'orig9al s91' t is to say1 t moral disord] or weakness :i* belongs to our nature z we inh]it x1 be=e we h _h ! opportunity ( p]sonal wrong do+4 ,b ! application ( ! phrase by ,/4 ,paul is to describe r ! /ate ( actual s9 9 :i* ,jew & ,g5tile alike 'naturally' liv$4 ,x implies n t ,god hat$ !m1 = 9 ! :ole context ,/4 ,paul is emphasiz+ '! great love :]e) he lov$ !m'2 b t !re 0 a necess>y moral incompatibility betwe5 !m z !y !n 71 & ,god z ,he ess5tially & p]man5tly is4 ,god is s necess>ily holy t ,8 be+ is1 & mu/ be1 intol]able to ! unholy4 ,x mu/ be ! case t at ! b>e idea ( ! div9e com+1 's9n]s 9 ,zion' %\ld be 'afraid1' & %\ld say "o to ano!r1 ':o among u %all dwell ) ! dev\r+ fire1 :o among u %all dwell ) ev]la/+ burn+s#d8' ,god necess>ily pres5ts ,himself z a t]ror to ! godless2 & f ! po9t ( view ( ,god t means t our s9ful nature is ! subject ( ,8 necess>y wra?4 ,he res5ts ! #ig p]v]sion1 ! spoil+1 ( ,8 own h&iwork 9 u4 ,he _c tol]ate uncleanness1 rebellion1 unbelief4 ,?is wra? ( ,god1 9 ! case ( ^? ^: wills are set to 'hate ! light1' is direct$ aga9/ m5's p]sons4 ,b s f> z s9 is only 9 our natures1 & is some?+ ( :i* we are ! unwill+ subjects1 x appeals only to ,god's compassion to lead ,him to apply effective rem$ies4 ,8 wra? is s f> aga9/ s91 n aga9/ s9n]s2 & none c\ld "k bett] ?an ^! ,asiatic ,*ri/ians :at l5g?s ( res\rcefulness & self-sacrifice ! div9e compassion _h gone 9 ord] to r$eem m5 f its tyranny4 ,?us ,/4 ,paul cont9ues3-- ,b ,god1 be+ ri* 9 m]cy1 = 8 great love :]e) he lov$ u1 ev5 :5 we 7 dead ?r\gh our trespasses1 quick5$ u toge!r ) ,*ri/ 7by grace h ye be5 sav$71 & rais$ u up ) him1 & made u to sit ) him 9 ! heav5ly places1 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus3 t 9 ! ages to come he might %ew ! exce$+ ri*es ( 8 grace 9 k9dness t[>d u 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus3 = by grace h ye be5 sav$ ?r\gh fai?2 & t n ( y\rselves3 x is ! gift ( ,god3 n ( works1 t no man %\ld glory4 ,= we are 8 workman%ip1 creat$ 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus = good works1 :i* ,god a=e prep>$ t we %\ld walk 9 !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,! me?od ( r$emption ,"h is ,/4 ,paul's description ( ! me?od ( ,god 9 deal+ ) m5 :5 !y 7 9 #ih t /ate ( s91 ! conditions ( :i* he has j summ>is$4 ,we take note ( ! *ief po9ts 9 ! me?od4 7#a7 ,/4 ,paul has 9 m9d "h1 z always1 ! div9e pr$e/9ation4 ,!re 0 an et]nal purpose 9 ! div9e m9d to make ,/4 ,paul & ^? to :om he wrote su* z !y 7 n[ on ! way to become2 x 0 a purpose n m]ely g5]al1 b ext5d+ to details4 ,x belongs1 9 fact1 to ! div9e p]fection1 t ,god does no?+1 & purposes no?+1 9 m]e vague g5]ality4 ,! univ]sal range & scope ( ! div9e activity z ov] all creatures :atsoev]1 h9d]s n at all its p]fect application to detail4 ,?us ,god _h 'pr$e/9$1' or held 9 ,8 et]nal purpose1 n m]ely ! /ate ( ,*ri/ians z a :ole or ev5 ( ! ,asiatic ,*ri/ians 9 p>ticul>1 b ! details ( conduct :i* ,he will$ !m individually to exhibit4 ,x is ! p>ticul> 'good works' :i* ,god 'prep>$ be=eh& 9 ord] t !y %\ld walk 9 !m#e4' 7#b7 ,:at ,god pr$e/9$ ,he accompli%$ fir/ 9 summ>y '9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4' ,9 ,him all t ,god meant to d = man 0 exhibit$ #ii & accompli%$ z ,god's own & p]fect h&iwork1 z an effective & f9al disclosure4 ,m5 are to look = ev]y?+1 = e k9d ( developm5t & progress1 9 ,*ri/1 b = no?+ outside or beyond ,him4 ,all is !re--'all ! treasures ( wisdom & k1' all '! fulness ( ! ,godhead1' all ! p]fections ( mank9d1 ! reconciliation ( all seem+ opposites4 ,all is br\ght to ! highe/ possible level ( atta9m5t1 '! heav5ly place4' 7#c7 ,:at _h be5 summ>ily realiz$ 9 ,*ri/ is progressively realiz$ 9 ^? :o are '9 ,him4' ,undet]r$ by _! condition ( moral & spiritual dea?1 ,god1 out ( ! he>t ( ,8 ri* m]cy1 simply because ( ! great love ,he bore to m51 has br\ght !m1 by "o act ( reg5]ation1 into ! new life ( ,8 ,son2 has 'quick5$ !m toge!r ) ,*ri/1' t is1 has introduc$ !m1 at a def9ite mom5t ( initiation1 into ! life :i* has once = all triumph$ ov] dea?1 & be5 glorifi$ 9 ! heav5ly places2 & has introduc$ !m into ?is life 9 ord] t1 by ! gradual assimilation ( its =ces1 future ages might witness 9 !m all ! weal? ( ! goodness :i* _h la9 hid 9 ! orig9al act #ajj ( incorporation4 ,mean:ile1 :ile _! gr[? is yet imp]fect1 ,god sees ^? :o are ,*ri/'s z '9 ,*ri/'3 imputes ,8 m]its to !m1 s we may legitimately say3 t is1 sees !m & deals ) !m 9 view ( ! fact t ,*ri/'s ,_s is at "w 9 !m2 sees !m & deals ) !m 'n z !y are1 b z !y are becom+4' ,?is doctr9e ( imputation1 in/ead ( be+ full ( moral unreality1 is 9 accordance ) all t is deepe/ 9 ! philosophy ( evolution4 ,= are we n cont9ually be+ taught t 9 ord] to take a true view ( ! value ( any s+le ?+1 we mu/ view x n z x is at a p>ticul> mom5t1 b 9 ! light ( its t5d5cy8 ,we mu/ ask n m]ely ':at1' b ':5ce' & ':i!r4' 7#d7 ,x is all pure grace--! free outp\r+ ( unm]it$ love4 ,! ,*ri/ians are ',god's workman%ip1' ,8 new creation4 ,he1 9 ,*ri/1 _h wr\ght ! "w all by ,himself4 ,!y1 ! subjects ( x1 _h contribut$ no?+4 ,x rema9$ = !m only to welcome & to correspond4 ,?is is ! summ+ up ( man's legitimate attitude t[>ds ,god4 ,?is is fai?4 ,x is at its fir/ /age simply ! acceptance ( a div9e m]cy 9 all its undes]v$ & unconditional l>g5ess2 b x passes at once1 z #aja soon z ev] ! nature ( ! div9e gift is realiz$1 into a glad co-op]ation ) ! div9e purpose4 ,?is !n is1 9 outl9e1 ! me?od ( ! great salvation1 ( :i* ! ,asiatic ,*ri/ians _h be5 & 7 ! subjects4 #a ,on ! virtu\s aspect ( ! contempor>y empire1 see ,r5an1 ,les ,aptres1 pp4 #cjf ff4 #b ,rom4 ii4 #ad4 #c ,see app4 note ,b1 p4 #bee4 #d ,is4 xxxiii4 #ad1 #ae4 #e ,cf4 app4 note ,c1 p4 #bfc1 = a simil> ?\ght 9 a contempor>y ,jewi% book4 #ajb ,,division ,i4 #d4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 #aa-bb4 ,salvation 9 ! *ur*4 ,sid5ote3 ,! salvation social ,god's deliv]ance or 'salvation' ( mank9d is a deliv]ance ( individuals inde$1 b ( individuals 9 & ?r\gh a society2 n ( isolat$ individuals1 b ( memb]s ( a body4 ,x is & has be5 a popul> religi\s idea t ! prim>y aim ( ! gospel is to produce sav$ individuals2 & t x is a matt] ( second>y importance t ! sav$ individuals %\ld aft]w>ds comb9e to =m *ur*es = _! mutual spiritual pr(it1 & = promot+ ! "w ( prea*+ ! gospel4 ,b ?is way ( conceiv+ ! matt] is a rev]sal ( ! ord] ( ideas 9 ! ,bible4 ',! salvation' 9 ! ,bible is suppos$ usually 'to rea* ! individual ?r\gh ! community#a4' ,god's deal+s ) u 9 r$emption ?us foll[ ! l9es ( ,8 deal+s ) u 9 our natural developem5t4 ,= man /&s #ajc out 9 hi/ory z a 'social animal4' ,8 individual developem5t1 by a div9e law ( 8 con/itution1 is only r5d]$ possible because he is fir/ ( all a memb] ( "s society1 tribe1 or nation1 or /ate4 ,?r\gh memb]%ip 9 su* a society alone1 & ?r\gh ! submissions & limitations on 8 p]sonal lib]ty :i* su* memb]%ip involves1 does he become capable ( any degree ( free or high developem5t z an individual4 ,?is law1 !n1 ( man's nature appe>s equally 9 ! me?od ( 8 r$emption4 ,"u ! old cov5ant x 0 to memb]s ( ! 'commonweal? ( ,israel' t ! bless+s ( ! cov5ant belong$4 ,"u ! new cov5ant ,/4 ,paul /ill conceives ( ! same commonweal? z subsi/+ 7z we %all see directly71 & z fulfill+ no less ?an =m]ly ! same religi\s functions4 ,true1 x has be5 fundam5tally recon/itut$ & enl>g$ to include ! believ]s ( all nations1 & n m]ely "o nation2 b x is /ill ! same commonweal?1 or polity1 or *ur*2 & x is /ill ?r\gh ! *ur* t ,god's 'cov5ant' deal+s rea* ! individual4 ,x is = ?is reason t ,/4 ,paul goes on to describe ! /ate ( ! ,asiatic ,*ri/ians1 #ajd be=e _! conv]sion1 z a /ate ( ali5ation f ! 'commonweal? ( ,israel4' ,!y 7 ',g5tiles 9 ! fle%1' t is by ! physical fact t !y 7 n ,jews2 & 7 contemptu\sly describ$ z ! uncircumcis$ by ^? :o1 z ,jews1 7 circumcis$ by human h&s4 ,& he conceives ?is to be only ano!r way ( describ+ ali5ation f ,god & ,8 manifold cov5ants ( promise1 & f ! ,messiah1 ! hope ( ,israel & ( mank9d4 ,!y 7 )\t ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 & !re=e presumably )\t ,god & )\t hope4 ,:]e=e rememb]1 t a=etime ye1 ! ,g5tiles 9 ! fle%1 :o are call$ ,uncircumcision by t :i* is call$ ,circumcision1 9 ! fle%1 made by h&s2 t ye 7 at t "t sep>ate f ,*ri/1 ali5at$ f ! commonweal? ( ,israel1 & /rang]s f ! cov5ants ( ! promise1 hav+ no hope & )\t ,god 9 ! _w4 ,b n[ 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus ye t once 7 f> (f are made nigh 9 ! blood ( ,*ri/4 ,?is ali5ation ( ,g5tiles f ! div9e cov5ant 0 repres5t$ 9 ! /ructure ( ! temple at ,j]usalem by a beautifully-work$ m>ble balu/rade1 sep>at+ ! out] f ! inn] c\rt1 ^u :i* /ood columns at regul> int]vals1 be>+ inscriptions1 "s 9 ,greek & "s 9 ,lat9 *>act]s1 to w>n #aje ali5s n to ent] ! holy place4 ,"o ( ! ,greek inscriptions 0 discov]$ a few ye>s ago1 & is n[ to be read 9 ! ,museum ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,x runs ?us3 ',no ali5 to pass )9 ! balu/rade r\nd ! temple & ! enclosure4 ,:osoev] %all be caught s do+ mu/ blame himself = ! p5alty ( dea? :i* he w incur4' ,?is 'middle wall ( p>tition' 0 vividly 9 ,/4 ,paul's memory4 ,he 0 9 prison at ,rome at ! "t ( 8 writ+ ?is epi/le1 9 "p at lea/ because he 0 believ$ to h br\ght ,trophimus1 an ,ephesian1 )9 ! sacr$ enclosure at ,j]usalem4 ',he br\ght ,greeks also into ! temple1 & ha? defil$ ! holy place4' ,x 0 ?is 'middle wall ( p>tition1' repres5t+ ! exclusiv5ess ( ,jewi% ord9ances1 :i* ,/4 ,paul rejoic$ to believe ,*ri/ _h aboli%$4 ,he _h made ,jew & ,g5tile "o by br++ bo? alike to ,god 9 "o body & on a new basis4 ,!re 7 9 fact two p>titions 9 ! ,jewi% temple ( great symbolical importance4 ,!re 0 ! veil :i* hid ! holy ( holies1 & symboliz$ ! ali5ation ( man f ,god#b2 & !re 0 '! middle wall ( p>tition' #ajf already describ$1 repres5t+ ! exclusion ( ! _w f ! privileges ( ! p ( ,god4 ,! ,ph>isaic ,jews ignor$ ! spiritual lessons ( ! fir/ p>tition1 & dev\tly believ$ 9 ! p]man5ce ( ! second4 ,b ,saul1 :ile yet a ,ph>isee1 _h felt ! reality ( ! fir/1 & _h f\nd 9 8 own exp]i5ce t ! abolition ( ?is fir/ b>ri] by ,*ri/ involv$ also ! annihilation ( ! second4 ,sid5ote3 ,! break+ d[n ( p>titions ,x is 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,colossians t he lays /ress ^u ! abolition 9 ,*ri/ ( ! enmity betwe5 man & ,god4 ',x 0 ! good pleasure ( ! ,fa!r 444 ?r\gh him to reconcile all ?+s unto himself1 hav+ made peace ?r\gh ! blood ( 8 cross4' ',y1 be+ dead ?r\gh y\r trespasses & ! uncircumcision ( y\r fle% 444 did he quick5 toge!r ) ,*ri/1 hav+ =giv5 u all our trespasses2 hav+ blott$ out ! bond writt5 9 ord9ances t 0 aga9/ u1 :i* 0 contr>y to u3 & he ha? tak5 x out ( ! way1 nail+ x to ! cross4' ,s ) ! help ( v>i\s metaphors does ,/4 ,paul /rive to express ! mighty tru? t1 by ! %$d+ ( ,*ri/'s blood1 t is to say by ,8 sacrifice ( p]fect$ ob$i5ce1 ! way _h be5 op5$ = ! =giv5ess ( our s9s & our #ajg reconciliation to ,god 9 "o life1 "o ,_s4 ,b ! symbols & in/rum5ts ( t =m] ali5ation f ,god :i* ,/4 ,paul _h exp]i5c$ s bitt]ly1 7 to 8 m9d ! 'ord9ances' ( ! ,jewi% law4 ,^!1 he _h come to feel1 _h no o!r function ?an to awak5 & deep5 ! s5se ( s9 :i* !y 7 p[]less to ov]come4 ,!y 7 no?+ b 'a bond writt5 aga9/ u'2 a cont9ual record ( condemnation4 ,to tru/ 9 ! obs]vance ( ord9ances 0 to rema9 an unreconcil$ s9n]1 ali5at$ 9 m9d & unpurifi$ 9 he>t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 to h fai? 9 ,jesus & receive f ,him ! unm]it$ gift ( ! div9e p>don & ! ,_s ( son%ip 01 = a ,jew1 to ca/ away all t tru/ 9 ! obs]vance ( ! ord9ances ( 8 nation :i* 0 s de> to 8 he>t4 ,x 0 at once to place himself among ! s9n]s ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,= 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ all m5 7 inde$ br\ght ne> to ,god1 b n z m]itori\s ,jews2 r z common m5 & common s9n]s1 ne$+ & accept+ all alike ! undes]v$ m]cy ( a heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,?us x 0 t ,*ri/1 9 break+ d[n "o p>tition1 _h brok5 d[n ! o!r also4 ,9 op5+ ! way to ,god by a simple human tru/ 9 a #ajh heav5ly ,fa!r1 & n by ! complicat$ arrangem5ts ( a special law1 ,he _h put all m5 on ! same level ( ne$ & ( acceptance4 ,he _h n inde$ aboli%$ ! cov5ant or ! cov5ant p1 b ,he _h enl>g$ its area & alt]$ its basis3 !re 0 /ill to be "o visible body or p ( ! cov5ant1 b memb]%ip 9 x 0 to be op5 to all1 ,jew & ,g5tile alike1 :o w\ld feel _! ne$ ( & put _! tru/ 9 ,jesus4 ,?is is :at ,/4 ,paul proce$s to express1 & little m ne$ be add$ to expla9 8 words4 ,9 ! 'blood' or 'blood-%$d+' ( ,jesus--t is1 ,8 self-sacrifice = m51 ,8 ob$i5ce c>ri$ to ! po9t ( ! surr5d] ( ,8 life--a way _h be5 op5$ to ! ,fa!r t 0 purely human1 t belong$ to ! ,g5tiles :o _h be5 'f> (f' z well z to ,jews :o 7 already 'nigh' 9 ! div9e cov5ant4 ,& 9 be+ br\ght ne> to ,god by fai?1 & n by ,jewi% ord9ances1 ,jew & ,g5tile _h be5 reconcil$ on a common basis--! two _h be5 made "o 9 '! fle%1' t is1 ! manhood ( ,*ri/1 = no o!r reason ?an because ! 'law ( comm&m5ts conta9$ 9 7special ,jewi%7 ord9ances1' :i* _h hi!rto be5 ! basis ( sep>ation1 0 n[ once = all #aji 'aboli%$4' ,h5ce=? !re 0 "o new man1 or new manhood1 9 ,*ri/1 9 :i* all m5 71 pot5tially at lea/1 reconcil$ to ,god & to "o ano!r by ,8 self-sacrifice ^u ! cross4 ,& to ! k ( ?is new manhood all m5 7 be+ gradually br\ght by ! 'prea*+ ( peace' or ( ! gospel1 :i* _h its orig9 f ,jesus crucifi$ & ris51 & :i*1 ev5 n[ t ,jesus 0 invisibly act+ ?r\gh ,8 apo/olic & o!r m9i/]s1 ,/4 ,paul attributes directly to ,him4 ,sid5ote3 ,! admission ( ,g5tiles ,b n[ 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus ye t once 7 f> (f are made nigh 9 ! blood ( ,*ri/4 ,= he is our peace1 :o made bo? "o1 & brake d[n ! middle wall ( p>tition1 hav+ aboli%$ 9 8 fle% ! enmity1 ev5 ! law ( comm&m5ts conta9$ 9 ord9ances2 t he might create 9 himself ( ! twa9 "o new man1 s mak+ peace2 & might reconcile !m bo? 9 "o body unto ,god ?r\gh ! cross1 hav+ sla9 ! enmity !reby3 & he came & prea*$ peace to y t 7 f> (f1 & peace to !m t 7 nigh3 = ?r\gh him we bo? h our access 9 "o ,_s unto ! ,fa!r4 ,n[ we c turn f ! negative to ! positive /atem5t1 & obs]ve :at ,/4 ,paul says ( ! new privileges ( ! once hea!n conv]ts4 ,he pictures !m "u f\r metaphors1 ea* describ+ a social /ate4 #aaj 7#a7 ,!y are citiz5s 9 ! holy /ate1 ! commonweal? ( ! p consecrat$ to ,god--citiz5s ) full rights1 & no long] /rang]s or un5fran*is$ resid5ts 7soj\rn]s74 7#b7 ,m intimately /ill1 !y belong to ! family or h\sehold ( ,god4 7#c7 ,!y are be+ built all toge!r into a sanctu>y = ,god to dwell 9--a holy /ructure ( :i* ! f\ndation /ones are ! apo/les1 & ! ,*ri/ian prophets :o 7 _! companions2 & ( :i* ! corn]-/one1 det]m9+ ! l9es ( ! build+ & compact+ x into "o1 is ,jesus ,*ri/1 accord+ to ! ^w ( ,god by ,isaiah1 ',behold ,i lay 9 ,zion = a f\ndation /one1 a tri$ /one1 a preci\s corn] /one ( sure f\ndation4' 7#d7 ,b ! metaphor ( ! build+ passes into ! metaphor ( ! gr[+ plant4 ,*ri/ is1 z ,/4 ,pet] says1 'a liv+ /one#c4' ,he n only det]m9es ! l9es ( ! spiritual /ructure1 b ,he p]vades ! :ole ( x z a pres5ce & _s1 s t e o!r human '/one' is also alive & gr[+ ) ,8 life4 ,s !n ye are no m /rang]s & soj\rn]s1 b ye are fell[-citiz5s ) ! sa9ts1 & ( ! #aaa h\sehold ( ,god1 be+ built ^u ! f\ndation ( ! apo/les & prophets1 ,*ri/ ,jesus himself be+ ! *ief corn] /one2 9 :om ea* sev]al build+1 fitly fram$ toge!r1 gr[e? into a holy temple 9 ! ,"l2 9 :om ye also are build$ toge!r = a habitation ( ,god 9 ! ,_s4 ,^! are inde$ metaphors expressive ( glori\s realities1 :i* h no d\bt become dull$ 9 mean+ ?r\gh a conv5tional ,*ri/ianity1 :i* involves no sacrifice & !re=e atta9s no s5se ( bless$ness1 b :i* a little m$itation may easily re/ore to some?+ ( _! orig9al fre%ness4 7#a7 ,! idea ( ! *os5 p all ?r\gh ! ,old ,te/am5t is t !y are z a :ole consecrat$ to ,god4 ,prie/s & k+s appo9t$ by ,god to _! sev]al (fices may inde$ fulfil special functions 9 ! national life1 yet ! fundam5tal idea is nev] lo/ t ! entire nation is holy1 'a k+dom ( prie/s4' ,x is because ?is is true t ! prophets c appeal z !y d to ! p 9 g5]al1 z well z to prie/s & rul]s1 z %>+ altoge!r ! responsibility ( ! national life4 ,n[ ! :ole ( ?is idea is transf]r$1 only deep5$ & int5sifi$1 to ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,t too has its div9ely-orda9$ m9i/]s1 its diff]5tiation ( functions 9 ! "o body1 b ! :ole #aab body is prie/ly1 & all are citiz5s--n m]ely resid5ts b citiz5s1 t is1 intellig5t p>ticipators 9 a common corporate life consecrat$ to ,god4 ,h[ truly realiz$ ?is idea 0 9 ! e>ly ,*ri/ian communities1 ,/4 ,paul's lett]s are our be/ witnesses4 ,!y are really--except ! pa/oral epi/les--lett]s to ! *ur*es & n to ! cl]gy4 ,x is ! :ole body :i* is at ,!ssalonica & ,cor9? to conc]n itself ) ! ex]cise ( moral discipl9e#d--! :ole body 9 ! ,galatian *ur*es & at ,colossae :o are to conc]n !mselves ) ! appreh5sion & protection ( ! full ,*ri/ian tru?4 ,!y are all to be 'p]fectly initiat$' 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 full p>ticipators 9 ! affairs ( ! div9e society#e4 ,:atev] ne$s to be said aft]w>ds ab\t ! special functions ( special (fic]s1 ?is is ! fir/ ?+ to be said & recogniz$2 & x gives u a pr(\nd s5se ( ! di/ance we h fall5 f our ideal4 ,! laity1 x is g5]ally und]/ood among u1 are to come to *ur* & p]haps to communion1 are to accept ! m9i/ries ( religion at m>riages & fun]als1 & are to subscribe a little money to religi\s objects2 b !y may leave x to ! cl]gy1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 to c>ry on #aac ! bus9ess ( religion--t is1 wor%ip & doctr9e1 = discipl9e has be5 dropp$ out--& conf9e !mselves to a c]ta9 am\nt ( irresponsible criticism ( ! s]mons ( ! cl]gy & _! proce$+s g5]ally4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ca?olic *ur* ,= ?is /ate ( ?+s--?is v false sac]dotalism--! responsibility is g5]ally laid at ! door ( 'cl]ical arrogance4' ,x is n necess>y to consid] h[ l>ge a factor 9 ! result cl]ical arrogance has really be51 = c]ta9ly :at alone has giv5 ! cl]gy ! opportunity to put !mselves 9 false isolation1 & :at has be5 an imm5sely m p[]ful factor 9 ! g5]al result1 has be5 ! spiritual apa?y ( ! mass ( *ur* memb]s1 an apa?y :i* began z soon z ! ,*ri/ian pr(ession began to co/ m5 little or no?+4 ,are we to set to "w to revive ,/4 ,paul's ideal ( ! life ( a ,*ur*8 ,if s1 :at we ne$ is n m ,*ri/ians1 b bett] ,*ri/ians4 ,we want to make ! moral mean+ ( *ur* memb]%ip und]/ood & its conditions appreciat$4 ,we want to make m5 und]/& t x co/s some?+ to be a ,*ri/ian2 t to be a ,*ri/ian1 t is a ,*ur*man1 is to be an intellig5t p>ticipator 9 a corporate life consecrat$ to ,god1 & to conc]n #aad oneself !re=e1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 9 all t t\*es ! corporate life--its ext]nal z well z its spiritual conditions4 ,= ! h\ses p live 91 _! wages1 _! social & comm]cial relations to "o ano!r1 _! amusem5ts1 ! education !y receive1 ! lit]ature !y read1 ^!1 no less truly ?an religi\s =ces /rictly s call$1 affect intimately ! heal? & well-be+ ( any society ( m54 ,we ,*ri/ians are fell[-citiz5s toge!r 9 ! commonweal? t is consecrat$ to ,god1 a commonweal? ( mortal m5 ) bodies z well z s\ls4 7#b7 ,b ,/4 ,paul also describes ! ,*ur* z ! 'h\sehold ( ,god4' ,:5 our ,"l 0 speak+ to ,/4 ,pet] ab\t ! m9i/ry :i* 0 be+ entru/$ to ! apo/les1 ,he said to him1 ',:o !n is ! fai?ful & wise /ew>d :om 8 ,"l %all set ov] 8 h\sehold to give !m _! portion ( food 9 due season#f8' ,?is description op5s to u "p ( ! mean+ ( ! div9e h\sehold4 ,a h\sehold is a place :]e a family is provid$ =1 :]e !re is a regul> & ord]ly supply ( ord9>y ne$s4 ,& ! ,*ur* is ! div9e h\sehold 9 :i* ,god has provid$ /ew>ds to make #aae regul> spiritual provision = m51 s t !y %all feel & "k !mselves memb]s ( a family1 und]/ood1 sympa?iz$ )1 help$1 enc\rag$1 discipl9$1 f$4 ,:at 9 fact are ! sacram5ts & sacram5tal rites1 :at are baptism1 confirmation & communion1 m>riage & ord9ation1 ! adm9i/ration ( ! ^w ( ,god1 ! deal+s ) ! p5it5t1 ! sick1 ! dead1 b ! 'portions ( food 9 due season1' ! ord]ly di/ribution ( ! bread ( life 9 ! family or h\sehold ( ,god8 ,b !re is ano!r idea :i*1 9 ,/4 ,paul's m9d1 atta*es itself /rongly to ! idea ( ! 'div9e family4' ,x is t 9 ?is h\sehold we are sons & n s]vants--t is intellig5t co-op]ators ) ,god1 & n m]ely submissive slaves4 ,x is noticeable h[ (t5 he speaks ) horror ( ,*ri/ians all[+ !mselves aga9 to be 'subject to ord9ances1' or to '! weak & begg>ly rudim5ts1' ! alphabet ( t e>li] education :5 ev5 *ildr5 are treat$ z slaves "u m]e ob$i5ce4 ',ye obs]ve days1 & mon?s1 & seasons1 & ye>s1 ,i am afraid ( y#g4' ',:y d ye subject y\rselves to ord9ances1 h&le n1 ta/e n1 t\* n#h4' ,x is p]fectly true to say t :at #aaf ,/4 ,paul is deprecat+ is a return to ,jewi% or pagan obs]vances4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,he dem&s n a *ange ( obs]vance only1 b a *ange ( _s4 ,_! attitude t[>ds obs]vances z su* is to be diff]5t4 ,n t ,/4 ,paul does n insi/ on t read9ess to obey reasonable au?ority :i* is a condition ( corporate life1 or w\ld hesitate to lay /ress ^u corporate religi\s acts 9 ! ,*ri/ian body4 ,! tru? is v f> f t4 ',we h no su* cu/om1 nei!r ! *ur*es ( ,god1' is an argum5t :i* ought to be suffici5t to suppress ecc5tricity4 ,to 'keep ! traditions' is a m>k ( a good ,*ri/ian#i4 ',a man t is h]etical' 7or r 'facti\s'7 aft] ! fir/ & second admonition is to be 'refus$'#aj4 ,gov]nm5t is to be a con/ant elem5t 9 ! ,*ri/ian life4 ,b ! "* ( au?ority & ( ob$i5ce is to be *ang$4 ,! au?ority is to be reasonable au?ority1 & ! ob$i5ce intellig5t ob$i5ce4 ,passive ob$i5ce to an au?ority :i* does n expla9 itself1 :e!r 9 a spiritual director or 9 ! ,*ur* z a :ole1 ,/4 ,paul w\ld h ?\ght ( meanly z a ,*ri/ian virtue4 ,& ! multiplication ( au?oritative obs]vances he w\ld h dread$ z a #aag bondage4 ,our ,"l 0 v unwill+ to give ,8 disciples1 :5 ,he 0 on e>?1 mu* direction4 ,& ,/4 ,paul is true to 8 ,ma/]'s _s4 ,our life %\ld be ord]$ by pr9ciples1 r ?an direct$ 9 detail4 ,= to rely ^u direction f outside dw>fs our s5se ( p]sonal responsibility1 & p]sonal relation%ip to ! div9e ,_s4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( confusion1 hesitation1 diff]5ce1 due to m5 feel+ _! way1 due to _! diff]5t individualities hav+ free scope1 ,/4 ,paul w\ld app>5tly h ?\ght pref]able to t sort ( ord] :i* is ! product ( a v /rong & exact+ ext]nal gov]nm5t1 & to an undue exaltation ( ! virtue ( passive ob$i5ce4 7#c7 ,/4 ,paul describes ! ,*ur* z a sanctu>y :i* is gradually to be built = ,god to dwell 94 ,we rememb] h[ our ,"l _h said ( ! temple at ,j]usalem1 ',de/roy ?is temple1 & 9 ?ree days ,i w raise x up4' ',he spake1' ,/4 ,john expla9s1 '( ! temple ( 8 body#aa4' ,t--,8 own humanity prov$ triumphant ov] dea?--0 to be h5ce=? ! tab]nacle ( ,god's pres5ce among m54 ,:]e t is ,god is1 & ! true wor%ip ( ! ,fa!r 9 _s & 9 tru?4 ,b t body1 rais$ aga9 #aah ! ?ird day & become 'quick5+ ,_s' z ! body ( ! ris5 ,*ri/1 takes )9 its influ5ce ! :ole circle ( believ]s4 ,! 'body ( ,*ri/1' :i* is ,god's temple1 comes to mean ! ,*ur* :i* lives 9 ,*ri/'s life1 & wor%ips 9 ,*ri/'s ,_s4 ,?is is /ill ! ,*ur* ( ! fa!rs ( ! old cov5ant1 b fundam5tally recon/itut$4 ,god1 z ,/4 ,james p]ceiv$#ab1 0 fulfill+ ,8 promise to 'build aga9 ! tab]nacle ( ,david :i* _h fall54' ,x 0 be+ built anew ^u ! apo/les & _! companions ! prophets1 ! imm$iate ambassadors ( ,*ri/1 z f\ndation-/ones ( ! r5ew$ build+1 :o !mselves h _! positions det]m9$ & secur$ by ,*ri/ ,jesus z *ief corn]-/one4 ,x 0 a spiritual fabric comb9+1 l a ,go?ic ca!dral1 v>i\s p>ts or 'sev]al build+s1' ) _! di/9ctive *>act]i/ics1 all h[ev] unit$ 9 "o con/ruction1 "o great sanctu>y ( a r$eem$ humanity 9 :i* ,god dwells4 ,! metaphor sugge/s ! comb9ation ( national & individual diff]5ces 9 real unity4 ,x enc\rages u to pay due reg>d to ! free developem5t ( our own *>act]s & capacities1 b also to develope ourselves z p>ts ( #aai a great] :ole1 always rememb]+ t ! "w ( a ,*ri/ian individual or a local *ur* is 9 ,god's sight measur$1 n by its isolat$ result1 b by ! contribution x makes to ! life ( ! :ole body4 ,an ecc5tric individuality1 a s*ismatic developem5t is1 ev5 9 proportion to its /r5g?1 a s\rce ( weakness to ! :ole4 ,by its relation to ! :ole life ( ! ,*ur* all ,*ri/ian ef=t mu/ be bo? invigorat$ & re/ra9$4 ,! metaphor sugge/s fur!r t ! social organization ( ! ,*ur* is an organization = wor%ip4 ,x is a h\se & a citiz5%ip1 because x is also a sanctu>y4 ,! /r5g? ( corporate ,*ri/ianity is to be measur$ by ! vitality ( corporate wor%ip4 ,a *ur* life 9 :i* ! eu*>i/ is n ! c5tre1 = all ! vig\r :i* x may %[ 9 le>n+1 or prea*+1 or philan?ropy1 is aft] all b a maim$ life4 7#d7 ,b ! ,*ur*1 z a visible organization ( m51 c be :at x is--! city ( ,god1 ,8 h\sehold & ,8 sanctu>y--only because x is p]vad$ by ,*ri/'s life & _s4 ,! '/ones ( ! build+' are n m]ely plac$ side by side ( "o ano!r1 or held toge!r by any ext]nal ag5cy ( gov]nm5t2 !y #abj are z bran*es ( a liv+ tree1 limbs ( a liv+ body4 ,9 ?is recurr5t ?\ght1 :i* w be pres5t$ to u 9 ano!r =m :5 ,/4 ,paul comes to speak ( ! head & ! body1 is ! int]pretation ( all 8 !ory ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x is v]ily & inde$ ! ext5sion ( ! life ( ,*ri/4 ,h[ are we to receive ?is great & manifold ideal ( :at ! ,*ur* means#ac8 ,x is by m$itat+ ^u x till ,/4 ,paul's conceptions--& n any l[] or n>r[] ones1 ,roman or ,anglican or ,noncon=mi/--become vivid to our m9ds4 ,!n1 kn[+ :at we aim at re/or+1 we %all seek1 9 ea* p>i% & ecclesia/ical c5tre1 to conc5trate almo/ m ?an to ext5d ! ,*ur*1 to give x spiritual1 moral1 & social reality1 r ?an to multiply a memb]%ip :i* means little4 ,= if m5 c und]/& ! mean+ ( ! ,*ur*1 z ! city ( ,god1 ! family ( ,god1 ! sanctu>y ( ,god1 9 ! _w1 !re is little fe> t :atev] is good 9 humanity w fail ( allegiance to h]4 ,! k+s ( ! e>? w br+ _! glory & hon\r into h]1 & ! nations ( ! e>? %all walk 9 h] light4 #a ,s&ay & ,headlam's ,romans1 pp4 #abb-abd4 #b ,hebr4 ix4 #h4 #c #a ,pet] ii4 #d4 #d #a ,!ss4 v4 #ad2 #a ,cor4 v4-vi4 #aa4 #e ,col4 i4 #bh4 #f ,luke xii4 #db4 #g ,gal4 iv4 #aa2 v4 #a4 #h ,col4 ii4 #bj-bb4 #i ,cor4 xi4 #b1 #af4 #aj ,tit4 iii4 #aj4 #aa ,john ii4 #ai-ba4 #ab ,acts xv4 #af4 #ac ,see app4 note ,d1 p4 #bfd1 on ! ,bro!rhood ( ,/4 ,&rew4 #aba ,,division ,i4 #e4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,paul ! apo/le ( ca?olicity4 ,sid5ote3 ,paul ! apo/le ( ca?olicity ,/4 ,paul has unfold$ ! dim5sions ( ! revelation ( ,god giv5 9 ! ca?olic *ur*4 ,! int]e/s ( ! :ole ( mank9d & ( ! :ole univ]se :i* x is to subs]ve--t is its bread?3 ! et]nal & sl[ly realiz$ int5tion ( ,god ( :i* x is ! expression--t is its l5g?3 ! spiritual elevation up to :i* x takes m5--t is its height3 ! gulf ( s9 & mis]y f :i* x rescues !m--t is its dep?4 ,& n[ he is ab\t to press ^u ! ,asiatic ,*ri/ians ! moral obligations :i* ?is great ca?olic bro!rhood involves4 ,he beg9s 8 exhortation & en=ces x by rem9d+ !m ( :at he 0 endur+ z a prison] = ,*ri/'s sake--',= ?is cause 7i4e4 see+ t all ?is is true71 ,i1 ,paul1 ! prison] ( ,*ri/ ,jesus 9 behalf ( y1 ! ,g5tiles4' ,b :5 he has ?us made a beg9n+1 he pauses to add weight #abb to 8 appeal by emphasiz+ a p]sonal b v important consid]ation4 ,! p>ticul> tru? ( ! ca?olicity ( ! ,*ur* _h be5 9 q a special s5se entru/$ to him1 ,paul1 p]sonally1 z apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,he assumes t !y h he>d ( ?is1 8 special commission1 & t x 0 ! subject ( a special revelation to himself#a4 ,inde$ ! fact mu/ h =m$ "p ( 8 tea*+ at ,ephesus & ?r\gh\t ,asia1 = 8 m9d 0 full ( x2 he _h cont5d$ = x aga9/ /rong opposition 9 8 epi/le to ! ,galatians#b2 he _h ass]t$ x 9 8 spee* on ! occasion ( 8 be+ made a prison] at ,j]usalem3 & he _h q rec5tly expla9$ x '9 brief compass' 9 ! lett] to ! ,colossians :i* 0 int5d$ to h1 9 "p at lea/1 ! same read]s z 8 pres5t epi/le#c4 ,?is special revelation !n & accompany+ commission ju/ifies him 9 p>ticul>1 & m ?an any ( #abc ! o!r apo/les1 9 press+ ^u 8 conv]ts ! doctr9e :i* =ms ! special topic ( ?is epi/le4 ,b to ?9k ( 8 special (fice z apo/le ( a ca?olic society1 is to ?9k also ( its extraord9>y difficulty4 ,sid5ote3 ,! difficulty ( ca?olicity ,:5 we set ourselves 9 our own lat] age to rehabilitate ! s5se ( *ur* memb]%ip1 we feel at once ! /r5g? ( ! =ces aga9/ u2 we realize h[ mu* ! feel+ ( blood-k9%ip 9 ! family c\nts =1 or ! wid] k9%ip ( national life1 or ! common int]e/s ( our pr(essions or our classes1 comp>$ to ! feeble s5se ( fell[%ip :i* comes f a *ur* memb]%ip :i* is s l>gely conv5tional4 ,mo/ assur$ly we feel ! difficulty ( :at we h 9 h&4 ,b we _c feel x m int5sely ?an ,/4 ,paul felt ! difficulty involv$ 9 ! v idea ( a human bro!rhood 9 :i* national di/9ctions 7 oblit]at$4 ,aft] all1 ! degree ( unity impress$ by ! ,roman ,empire ^u ! diff]5t nations x embrac$ 0 sup]ficial4 ,on ! :ole x left m5 to walk 9 _! own ways4 ,9 p>ticul> x did n succe$ 9 break+ d[n ! b>ri]s ( ,jewi% isolation4 ,a society 9 :i* m5 %\ld be nei!r ,jews nor #abd ,g5tiles1 ,greeks nor b>b>ians1 bond nor free1 b all %\ld be weld$ into "o manhood by ! pressure ( a common & con/ra9+ bond ( bro!rhood--a society 9 :i* ev5 ! savage & brutal ,scy?ian %\ld h equal fell[%ip ) ,greeks & ,jews#d--repres5t$ :at _h nev] yet be5 accompli%$1 & :at ! mo/ sangu9e might reasonably h ?\ght impossible4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*1 ?\gh n yet mu* m ?an ?irty ye>s old1 _h s]v$ already to emphasize ! difficulty ( ! und]tak+4 ,we read ! record ( ! fir/ ,j]usalem ,*ur* ) its communism ( love & sympa?y1 & x seems ! p]fect realization ( ! ,*ri/ian _s ( bro!rhood4 ,s x 01 b "u comp>atively easy conditions4 ,= all t community 7 ,jews ) common traditions1 sympa?ies1 habits1 ways ( look+ at ?+s4 ,!y c\ld behave z bre?r51 9 ! gl[ ( _! fre% en?usiasm at f9d+ t ! long-expect$ k+dom ( ,*ri/ 0 n[ an actual fact1 & its triumph to be imm$iately expect$1 )\t any real bridg+ ( ! gulfs :i* yawn betwe5 diff]5t sorts ( m54 ,t ^! gulfs /ill rema9$ to be bridg$ soon appe>$4 ,x became manife/ t #abe ,g5tiles1 's9n]s ( ! ,g5tiles1' _h to be receiv$ into ,*ri/ian bro!rhood ^u equal t]ms1 & )\t _! accept+ ! ,jewi% law & cu/oms4 ,! ,c\ncil at ,j]usalem attempt$ a compromise by requir+ ( ! ,g5tile conv]ts c]ta9 accommodations to ,jewi% mann]s4 ,b ! compromise did n avail to ov]come ! difficulty4 ,/4 ,paul f\nd ! c5tre ( opposition to ! equal admission ( ! ,g5tiles 9 t v ,*ur* ( ,j]usalem :i* _h be5 previ\sly =emo/ 9 ! race ( love4 ,9 fact1 ! true difficulty ( ! law ( bro!rhood only !n appe>$ :5 ! obligation to fuse invet]ate national di/9ctions began to be en=c$4 ,!n inde$ fle% & blood rebell$4 ,)\t go+ any fur!r ?an ?is s+le piece ( ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce1 !re is e reason :y ,/4 ,john %\ld w>n ,*ri/ians t ! old comm&m5t1 'ye %all love "o ano!r1' is con/antly1 ) e *ange ( circum/ance1 becom+ 'a new comm&m5t1' involv+ new difficulties1 & *all5g+ afre% ! ef=ts ( ! human w#e4 ,! same difficulty1 only 9 a less acute =m1 is 9 ,/4 ,paul's m9d1 & makes him measure & weigh 8 words1 :5 he writes to ,philemon #abf to beg him to receive 8 =m] runaway slave1 'no long] z a slave1 b z a bro!r belov$#f4' ,& we _c b pause & ask1 9 view ( all ! moral discipl9e = m5 ( v>i\s k9ds :i* ,/4 ,paul sees to be involv$ 9 ! simple obligation to belong to "o ,*ri/ian body#g1--:at w\ld h be5 8 feel+s if he _h he>d ( ! doctr9e :i* cuts at ! root ( all ?is discipl9e by decl>+ t religion is only conc]n$ ) ! relation ( ! s\l to ,god1 & t ,*ri/ians may comb9e z !y please 9 z _m religi\s bodies z suits _! v>y+ ta/es8 ,?is difficulty 9 ! v idea ( a ca?olic bro!rhood ( m5 expla9s ! extraord9>y e>ne/ness ) :i* ,/4 ,paul proce$s to emphasize t inde$ ?is1 & no?+ less ?an ?is1 is ! div9e my/]y 7or 'secret'71 :i*1 held back f all et]nity 9 ! m9d ( ,god1 0 only n[ be+ disclos$ ?r\gh ,*ri/'s consecrat$ mess5g]s1 & specially ?r\gh ,/4 ,paul himself1 ! apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,! incr$ible nature ( ! idea clogs ,/4 ,paul's language1 & almo/ makes %ipwreck ( 8 gramm>4 ,all ! dep? ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e is necess>y z backgr\nd #abg to recomm5d & ju/ify ?is o!rwise entirely 'sup]natural' ideal--?is m>vell\s climax ( ! work+s & revelations ( ,god4 ,! spectacle ( a ca?olic bro!rhood1 ) all t x promises ( univ]sal unity beyond itself1 is a lesson ev5 to ! angels ( :at ! manifold wisdom ( ,god c conceive & accompli%4 ,we h got into a habit ( talk+ ab\t ! 'bro!rhood ( man' z if x 0 an easy & obvi\s tru?4 ,all our exp]i5ce ( our ,engli% relations ) races ( a diff]5t col\r to our own1 nay1 all our exp]i5ce ( class divisions at home1 might h s]v$ to *eck ?is easy-go+ sort ( language4 ,if we w cons5t to pause & reflect on ! actual difficulty ( behav+ or feel+ z bre?r5 %\ld behave & feel t[>ds m5 ( o!r races & ( o!r educations & habits ?an our own1 we may be m incl9$ to believe t x is only ?r\gh "s fundam5tal eradication ( selfi%ness & inh]5t n>r[ness t x c be made possible2 only :5 we beg9 to live f "s c5tre great] ?an ourselves4 ,& t is ! moral mean+ ( ! con/ant doctr9e ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 t only ?r\gh be+ reconcil$ to ,god c we be reconcil$ to "o #abh ano!r--only 9 ,*ri/ t m5 c p]man5tly & satisfactorily le>n to love "o ano!r1 :5 racial & educational & p]sonal antipa?ies make = sep>ation & n = unity4 ,n[ p]haps we are 9 a position to read ) great] intellig5ce :at ,/4 ,paul wrote ab\t '! disp5sation ( ! div9e my/]y1' i4e4 '! /ew>d%ip ( ! div9e secret1' ( ! bro!rhood ( all m5 9 ,*ri/ or ! ca?olicity ( ! ,*ur*1 :i* _h be5 committ$ to him by ! 'revelation' :i* foll[$ 8 conv]sion to ,*ri/#h4 ,! doctr9e ( ! bro!rhood ( m5 is 9 fact z mu* a peculi>ly ,*ri/ian doctr9e z t ( div9e son%ip1 & bo? alike are1 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t language1 repres5t$ z realiz$ only )9 ! community ( ! baptiz$4 ,! facts ( ,new ,te/am5t language compel u to say & to recognize ?is#i4 ,b #abi we are b\nd to recognize also t !y are tru?s :i*1 :5 !y are he>d1 are welcom$ by ! natural consci5ce ev]y:]e4 ,= z all m5 are ',god's (fspr+#aj1' by ! v fact ( _! creation z m51 s !y are fitt$ to receive ! privilege ( son%ip3 & z !y are 'made ( "o#aa1' s !y are fitt$ to realize ! privilege ( bro!rhood4 ,x is b to say ! same ?+ 9 o!r words1 if we insi/ t ,*ri/ians are ! elect body1 to realize & express among m5 an idea ( human nature :i* is ! only true idea1 & :i*1 ov]laid & =gott5 z x may h be51 has nev] ceas$ to /ir 9 man's he>t & consci5ce ev]y:]e4 ,! elect are elect$ = no o!r purpose ?an to make manife/ :at all m5 are capable ( becom+1 &1 if !y w obey ,god1 are de/9$ to become4 ,= ?is cause ,i ,paul1 ! prison] ( ,*ri/ ,jesus 9 behalf ( y ,g5tiles1--if s be t ye h he>d ( ! disp5sation ( t grace ( ,god :i* 0 giv5 me to y-w>d2 h[ t by revelation 0 made kn[n unto me ! my/]y1 z ,i wrote a=e 9 few words1 :]eby1 :5 ye read1 ye c p]ceive my und]/&+ 9 ! my/]y ( ,*ri/2 :i* 9 o!r #acj g5]ations 0 n made kn[n unto ! sons ( m51 z x ha? n[ be5 reveal$ unto 8 holy apo/les & prophets 9 ! ,_s2 to wit1 t ! ,g5tiles are fell[-heirs1 & fell[-memb]s ( ! body1 & fell[-p>tak]s ( ! promise 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus ?r\gh ! gospel1 :]e( ,i 0 made a m9i/]1 accord+ to ! gift ( t grace ( ,god :i* 0 giv5 me accord+ to ! work+ ( 8 p[]4 ,unto me1 :o am less ?an ! lea/ ( all sa9ts1 0 ?is grace giv51 to prea* unto ! ,g5tiles ! unse>*able ri*es ( ,*ri/2 & to make all m5 see :at is ! disp5sation ( ! my/]y :i* f all ages ha? be5 hid 9 ,god :o creat$ all ?+s2 to ! int5t t n[ unto ! pr9cipalities & ! p[]s 9 ! heav5ly places might be made kn[n ?r\gh ! *ur* ! manifold wisdom ( ,god1 accord+ to ! et]nal purpose :i* he purpos$ 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus our ,"l3 9 :om we h boldness & access 9 confid5ce ?r\gh our fai? 9 him4 ,:]e=e ,i ask t ye fa9t n at my tribulations = y1 :i* are y\r glory4 ,!re are a few po9ts 9 ?is passage :i* /ill require explanation4 ,sid5ote3 ,paul ! apo/le ( ca?olicity #a4 ,:at is ,/4 ,paul ref]r+ to :5 he says ',z ,i wrote a=e 9 few words :]eby1 :5 ye read#ab1 ye c p]ceive my und]/&+ 9 ! my/]y ( ,*ri/' or 7if ,i may v5ture to retranslate x7 'z ,i wrote be=e 9 brief1 by #aca comp>ison ) :i*1 z ye read1 ye c p]ceive my und]/&+ 9 ! secret ( ! ,*ri/'8 ,x is g5]ally suppos$ t he is ref]r+ to ! v]ses 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ?is epi/le 7i4 #i1 #aj1 c471 9 :i* he speaks ( ! 'my/]y' or 'secret' ( ! div9e w n[ disclos$4 ,b 8 po9t appe>s to be r t he _h else:]e writt5 9 brief ab\t 8 own special commission to prea* ! ,g5tile gospel2 & ! m probable ref]5ce seems to be to ! ,epi/le to ! ,colossians :i* 0 writt5 almo/ simultane\sly ) ?is epi/le1 probably j previ\sly1 & 0 int5d$ to be read at "s at lea/1 if n all1 ( ! same *ur*es z ?is circul> epi/le1 t is to say at ,laodicea & ,colossae at lea/1 & probabfxly m widely4 ,9 t epi/le 7i4 #be ff47 he _h really dwelt on 8 special commission 9 almo/ ! same t]ms z "h1 & comp>ison ) :at he said !re w\ld inde$ assi/ ^? he 0 n[ address+ to und]/& 8 k 9 ! 'reveal$ secret ( ! ,*ri/4' #b4 ,h[ c ,/4 ,paul1 :o insi/s cont9ually t he is "o ( ! apo/les1 call !m1 )\t self-complac5cy1 ,god's holy apo/les8 ,! answ] to ?is is t 'hol9ess' means 'consecration4' ,any "o is 'holy' or a 'sa9t' 7! #acb same ^w7 :o is consecrat$ to ,god 9 any special way4 ,su* consecration lays ^u him an obligation to moral goodness1 :i* is :at we mean by hol9ess1 b x prec$es ! fulfilm5t ( ! obligation4 ,all ,*ri/ians are holy 7or 'sa9ts'7 because !y are ,*ri/ians1 all apo/les because !y are apo/les4 ,z = ,/4 ,paul's p]sonal e/imate ( himself z an individual1 we h x j bel[4 ,9 view ( 8 pa/ s9s1 :5 he 0 'kick+ aga9/ ! pricks1' &1 albeit 9 ignorance1 p]secut+ ! ,*ur*1 he calls himself 'less ?an ! lea/ ( all ! holy4' #c4 ,/4 ,paul conceives 8 function to be to 'make m5 see1' or 'br+ into ! light' a long hidd5 secret ( ,god n[ 9 "p disclos$ to ! apo/les1 & to be by !m disclos$ to ! _w--9 "p1 = its cont5ts are /ill 'unse>*able' 9 _! dep? & 9 ! 'manifoldness' ( div9e wisdom :i* !y imply4 ,b :at is disclos$ is no aft]?\ght ( ,god4 ,x is an et]nal purpose2 & x is all ( a piece ) ! orig9al idea ( creation3 x is a 'secret 444 hidd5 9 ,god :o creat$ all ?+s4' ,r$emption 9 fact int]prets to angels & m5 :at ,god's purpose 9 creation orig9ally 04 ,to m9i/] to ?is disclosure is en\gh = any #acc man4 ,x makes all ,/4 ,paul's tribulations only su* z x is wor? :ile to be>2 & ! ,g5tiles1 9 _! turn1 %\ld f9d _! glory 9 8 tribulations z an evid5ce ( h[ mu* he ?\ght x wor? :ile to suff] 9 :at is _! cause no less truly ?an 84 ,sid5ote3 ,/4 ,paul's second pray] ,"h1 z 9 ! fir/ *apt]1 ! consid]ation ( ! glory1 & consequ5tly ! difficulty1 ( ! gospel :i* ,/4 ,paul has to deliv] leads him (f--j at ! po9t :]e he seems to be resum+ ! uncomplet$ s5t5ce ) :i* he began--into a pray] t ! ,asiatic ,*ri/ians may h /r5g? giv5 !m to appreh5d ! weal? ( _! spiritual position & opportunity4 ,he invokes ,god z ! univ]sal 'fa!r 7pat]7 f :om e family 7patria7--e company ( m5 knit toge!r by common relation to "o fa!r--is nam$1' because ?is has direct ref]5ce to 8 purpose4 ,all m5 recognize family1 or blood relations & obligations4 ,/4 ,paul rem9ds !m t e conceivable society on e>? or 9 heav5 :i* is b\nd by ! ties ( a common fa!rhood1 d]ives its '"n' & !re=e its significance f a l>g] relation%ip1 an all-embrac+ relation%ip ( :i* ^! l[] ones are b %ad[s--! relation%ip to ! "o ,fa!r3 #acd & he calls ^u ! "o ,fa!r to /r5g!n m5 to transc5d all n>r[nesses ( family or blood1 & rise to realize _! position 9 ! great family1 ! great bro!rhood "u ! "o ,fa!r4 ,to d ?is a /r5g!n+ ( ! inn] man1 or inn] life1 by ! div9e ,_s is inde$ ne$$4 ,*ri/ mu/ be n only possess$ by ,*ri/ians1 b realiz$4 ,he mu/ dwell 9 _! he>ts by ! realiz+ p[] ( an active p]sonal fai?4 ,:]e ?is is s--:]e fai? is vigor\s--!re life mu/ be root$ & f\nd$ on love4 ,*ri/ian fai? involves love4 ,= x is fai? 9 a ,fa!r & ,8 ,son & ,8 ,_s2 & love1 & no?+ b love1 is ! gift ( ! ,fa!r 9 ! ,son by ! ,_s4 ,?is love !n w /r5g!n !m1 9 ! fell[%ip ( ! sa9ts or consecrat$ ones altoge!r1 to appreh5d ,god's "w & purpose 9 all its dim5sions--bread? & l5g? & dep? & height--& to "k ,*ri/'s love 7:i* yet passes k & rema9s unkn[able71 & to f9d _! :ole be+1 n z sep>ate individuals1 b z "o body pray+ & work+ & ?9k+ toge!r1 exp&$ to take 9 ! fulness ( :at ,god is1 ! full complem5t ( ! div9e life4 ,to be ?us enlight5$ & enl>g$ is :at ,/4 ,paul #ace und]/&s by be+ a 'good ca?olic'3 t is :at he prays all ^! ,asiatic ,*ri/ians may become4 ,& 8 pray] passes into a doxology--an ascription ( glory to ,god because ,he is able to realize ev5 :at passes our p[] to conceive or to ask =2 & t )\t do+ m = u ?an ,he has already pl$g$ ,himself to d & actually begun to accompli% 9 u4 ,& ?is glory he w\ld h et]nally ascrib$ to ,god 9 ! ,*ur* :i* lives by ,8 life2 & also 7:]e alone ,god c nev] fail ( ,8 full rights7 9 ,him 9 :om alone ,god's life is p]fectly realiz$1 & wor%ip p]fectly r5d]$ ,him "u conditions ( manhood1 9 ,jesus ! ,*ri/4 ,= ?is cause ,i b[ my knees unto ! ,fa!r1 f :om e family 9 heav5 & on e>? is nam$1 t he w\ld grant y1 accord+ to ! ri*es ( 8 glory1 t ye may be /r5g!n$ ) p[] ?r\gh 8 ,_s 9 ! inw>d man2 t ,*ri/ may dwell 9 y\r he>ts ?r\gh fai?2 to ! end t ye1 be+ root$ & gr\nd$ 9 love1 may be /rong to appreh5d ) all ! sa9ts :at is ! bread? & l5g? & height & dep?1 & to "k ! love ( ,*ri/ :i* passe? k1 t ye may be fill$ unto all ! fulness ( ,god4 ,n[ unto him t is able to d exce$+ abundantly above all t we ask or ?9k1 accord+ to ! p[] t worke? 9 u1 unto him be ! glory 9 ! #acf *ur* & 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus unto all g5]ations = ev] & ev]4 ,am54 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ) 8 eye on ! imp]fections ( ! ,*ur*1 speaks#ac ( '! glory ( love 444 alive b yet fro/-b\nd4 ,! root is alive1 b ! bran*es are almo/ dry4 ,!re is a he>t alive )91 & )9 are leaves & fruits2 b !y are wait+ = a summ]4' ,t is surely :at we feel4 ,! _w cries out = bro!rhood4 ,we are p]petually expla9+ t bro!rhood c only become actual1 9 ! long run1 :]e m5 "k !mselves to be1 & 9 fact are1 sons ( ,god4 ,we are cont9ually po9t+ out t ext]nal legislative social re=ms c only effect good :]e !re exi/s1 to respond to !m & to use !m1 "s /r5g? & purity ( inw>d "*3 t outw>d re=ms )\t moral r$emption w\ld effect evil r ?an good4 ,all ?is is true & x is necess>y to expla9 x4 ,b ! conv9c+ demon/ration beg9s at t po9t :]e ,*ri/ianity makes man feel1 & see 9 fact1 t x conta9s 9 itself ! rem$y = social evils1 because x has ! _s ( love3 :]e ! ,*ur* is s actually pres5t$ z t m5 %\ld feel & "k t ?is is a true human #acg bro!rhood4 ,x is ! social1 human1 bro!rly p[] ( ! ,*ur* :i* is :at is at ! pres5t mom5t be/ calculat$ to w9 ! consci5ces & conv9ce ! intellects ( m54 ,b ?is actual liv+ _s ( self-sacrific+ love--?is _s ( real bro!rhood--h[ 'fro/-b\nd' x is6 ,h[ l>ge ! area ( ! ,*ur*1 h[ _m its in/itutions1 :]e x is n 7to say ! lea/7 ! mo/ obvi\s ?+ repres5t$6 ,9 fact1 social re=m1 & t ! mo/ ?or\gh & ! mo/ p]man5t1 requires no?+ m ?an t pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians %\ld be bett] ,*ri/ians1 ,*ri/ians :o really believe :at ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,john say ab\t ! love ( ! bre?r54 ,come !n1 ,o brea? ( ! div9e ,_s1 & brea! ^u ^! bones ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 t !y may live6 ,& outside ! area ( nom9al ,*ri/ianity h[ 'fro/-b\nd' our evangeliz+ love4 ,surely ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 z "p ( ! expansive ,briti% nation1 has an apo/le%ip to ! nations comp>able to ,/4 ,paul's4 ,yet mission>y zeal1 z direct$ t[>ds ! natives ( ,india1 or ,japan1 or ,africa1 is a v re/rict$ ?+2 noticeably re/rict$ x mu/ be confess$ among ^? :o mo/ love ! "n ( ,ca?olic3 & almo/ non-exi/5t 9 ! great majority ( ^? :o are #ach yet memb]s ( ! national ,*ur*4 ,b x _c be too deeply felt t to ,/4 ,paul ! reconciliation ( m5 ) ,god is insep>able f ! reconciliation ( man ) man4 ,! atonem5t ) ,god t is n an atonem5t among m5 he w\ld n own4 ,a peace ) ,god t leaves u cont5t t ,h9doos & ,japanese & ,africans %\ld n be ( our religion is a false peace4 ,a ,*ri/ian :o is n really 9 he>t & w a mission>y is n a ,*ri/ian at all4 ,mission>y ef=t is n a speciality ( a few ,*ri/ians1 ?\gh1 l e o!r "p ( ,*ri/ian life1 x has its special organs4 ,x is an ess5tial1 nev] to be =gott51 "p ( all true ,*ri/ian liv+1 & ?9k+1 & pray+4 ,! mission>y obligation ( ! ,*ur* dep5ds1 no d\bt1 *iefly on ! comm& ( ,*ri/1 ',g ye & make disciples ( all ! nations4' ,b x is made intelligible :5 we realize t ,*ri/ianity is really a ca?olic religion1 & t only 9 proportion z its ca?olicity becomes a reality is its true p[] & ri*ness exhibit$4 ,ea* new race :i* is introduc$ into ! ,*ur* n only itself receives ! bless+s ( our religion1 b reacts ^u x to br+ out new & unsuspect$ aspects & #aci beauties ( its tru? & influ5ce4 ,x has be5 s :5 ,greeks1 & ,lat9s1 & ,teutons1 & ,kelts1 & ,slavs h ea* 9 turn be5 br\ght into ! gr[+ circle ( believ]s4 ,h[ impov]i%$ 0 ! exhibition ( ,*ri/ianity :i* ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians 7 capable ( giv+ by !mselves6 ,h[ mu* ( ! treasures ( wisdom & p[] :i* lie hid 9 ,*ri/ await$ ! ,greek intellect1 & ! ,roman _s ( gov]nm5t1 & ! ,teutonic individuality1 & ! temp] & "* ( ! ,kelt & ! ,slav1 be=e !y c\ld leap into light6 ,& c we d\bt t n[ aga9 n only w\ld ,indians1 & ,japanese1 & ,africans1 & ,*9am5 be ! bett] = ,*ri/ianity1 b t ,*ri/ianity w\ld be unspeakably also ! ri*] = _! adhesion--= ! gifts :i* ! subtlety ( ,india1 & ! grace ( ,japan1 & ! sil5t pati5ce ( ,*9a are capable ( br++ into ! city ( ,god4 ,come1 !n1 ,o brea? ( ! div9e ,_s1 & brea! ^u ! dead bones ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es t =get t !y are evangeli/s ( ! nations1 t !y may live & /& ^u _! feet1 an exce$+ great army1 an army ) bann]s4 #a ,acts xxii4 #ag-ba4 ',:ile ,i pray$ 9 ! temple1 ,i fell into a trance1 & saw him say+ unto me1 ,make ha/e1 & get !e quickly out ( ,j]usalem4444 ,dep>t3 = ,i w s5d !e =? f> h5ce unto ! ,g5tiles4' #b ,gal4 i4 #ae4 ',x 0 ! good pleasure ( ,god1 :o sep>at$ me1 ev5 f my "m's womb1 & call$ me ?r\gh 8 grace1 to reveal 8 ,son 9 me1 t ,i might prea* him among ! ,g5tiles4' #c ,col4 i4 #bd-bi2 iv4 #c1 #d4 #d ,col4 iii4 #aa4 #e #a ,john ii4 #g1 #h4 #f ,phil4 #af4 #g ,eph4 iv4 #a-c4 #h ,acts xxii4 #ba2 xxvi4 #ag1 #ah4 #i ,?us ! limitation ( ! t]m 'bro!rhood' to ,*ri/ians is impli$ 9 #a ,pet4 ii4 #ag1 ',hon\r all m54 ,love ! bro!rhood2' & 9 #b ,pet4 i4 #g1 ',9 y\r love ( ! bre?r5 supply love' 7i4e4 9 ! n>r[] & clos] circle ( believ]s1 le>n ! wid] & all embrac+ attitude t[>ds m5 z m572 & 9 #a ,cor4 v4 #aa1 ',any man t is nam$ a bro!r4' ,! ^w bro!r is ?r\gh\t ! ,new ,te/am5t us$ ( ,*ri/ians only1 except :]e1 9 ! ,acts1 x is us$ by ,jews ( ,jews4 ,our ,"l's language ab\t bro!rhood applies to ! circle ( ! disciples1 except ,matt4 xxv4 #dj1 ',"o ( ^! my bre?r51' i4e4 ! wret*$4 #aj ,acts xvii4 #bh4 #aa ,acts xvii4 #bf4 #ab ,dr4 ,hort ?9ks 'read' is a te*nical ^w = read+ ! ,scriptures1 & t ?is read+ ( ! ,old ,te/am5t ,scriptures is to enable !m to appreciate ,/4 ,paul's 'und]/&+ 9 ! secret ( ! ,*ri/4' ,b ,i d\bt if s te*nical a use ( 'read' c be made out4 #ac ,9 ,epi/4 ,joan1 ad ,p>?4 v4 #aj4 #adj ,,division ,i4 #f4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 #a-af4 ,! unity ( ! *ur*4 ,sid5ote3 ,connexion ( ?\ght ,?is ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians1 view$ z a :ole & f ! po9t ( view ( a sympa!tic intellig5ce1 has a rem>kable unity1 & a unity progressively develop$4 ,?us1 fir/ ( all1 ! apo/le op5$ ! imag9ation ( 8 he>]s or read]s to consid] ! place :i* ! ca?olic *ur* holds 9 ! div9e c\nsels = ! univ]se1 9 ! realization ( ! human ideal1 & 9 ! "w ( r$emption f s9 7*ap4 i & ii74 ,!n he proce$$ to ju/ify & expla9 8 own activity 9 ! cause ( ca?olicity1 & made !m feel at once ! glory & ! pr(\nd difficulty ( ! ideal ( unity 9 div]sity :i* x involves 7*ap4 iii74 ,x foll[s naturally & logically t he %\ld set ! ,*ur* be=e !m z an actually exi/+ organization1 & bid !m /udy x exactly & note ! gr\nds ( its unity & ! common end to :i* its diff]5t elem5ts or memb]s #ada are meant to m9i/]2 & ?is is :at he actually does 9 ! f\r? *apt] 7#a-af74 ,view$1 h[ev]1 z a matt] ( grammatical /ructure1 x is probable t ?is passage =ms ano!r digression--! real necessity ( ! argum5t act+ z an ov]ma/]+ motive :i* pulls contr>y to ! imm$iate grammatical purpose ( ! writ]4 ,?us he _h begun1 at ! beg9n+ ( *apt] iii1 to pass f ! doctr9al exposition :i* is involv$ 9 8 op5+ *apt]s to practical exhortation4 ,! ,asiatic memb]s ( ! ca?olic *ur* are to be exhort$ to live up to _! call+3 to turn _! backs delib]ately on _! old hea!n habits1 & to con=m !mselves entirely to ! pr9ciples ( _! new /ate4 ,to ?is exhortation he actually & f9ally atta9s at *apt] iv4 #ag4 ,! int]v5+ passage 7a *apt] & a half7 is occupi$1 fir/1 ) ! digression :i* we h j consid]$ at l5g?1 ab\t ,/4 ,paul's mission to ! ,g5tiles & ! difficulty ( its realization1 & ) ! great pray] :i* t topic sugge/s 7*ap4 iii72 secondly1 ) ano!r digression on ! "* ( ! unity ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?is is1 ,i say1 probably ! case grammatically4 ,= ',i1 ,paul1 ! prison] ( ,jesus ,*ri/ = y ,g5tiles' 7iii4 #a7 is almo/ #adb unmi/akably int5d$ to introduce a moral appeal to :i* 8 imprisonm5t = ! sake ( ^? to :om he writes adds weight & =ce#a4 ,x is tak5 up1 aft] a digression1 9 iv4 i1 ',i1 !re=e1 ! prison] ( ! ,"l1 besee* y to walk wor?ily'2 b ! appeal !re begun yields anew to ! necessity ( fur!r exposition1 & only rea*es its free expression 9 iv4 #ag1 ',?is !re=e ,i say & te/ify 9 ! ,"l'2 aft] :i* po9t we h moral exhortation & little else4 ,n[1 !re=e1 we are to occupy ourselves ) :at is grammatically a second digression1 b logically & really a mo/ necess>y /ep 9 ! exposition ( ,/4 ,paul's ?\ghts--! subject ( ! unity ( ! *ur* ca?olic1 its nature & obligations4 ,consci\s ( ! pr(\nd difficulty ( weld+ naturally antagoni/ic elem5ts1 su* z ,jews & ,g5tiles1 slaves & free m51 into "o ca?olic fell[%ip1 ,/4 ,paul appeals to ! ,asiatic *ur*es ) all ! =ce :i* he c comm& z a prison] on _! acc\nt1 to 'walk' z _! ca?olic call+ #adc involves2 t is1 to exhibit all ^? moral qualities :i* are necess>y to ma9ta9 peace "u difficult circum/ance--a mode/ e/imate ( oneself 7humility or 'l[l9ess'71 a mildness 9 mutual relations 7'meekness'71 an habitual refusal to pass quick judgem5ts on :at "o _c b condemn or dislike 7'longsuff]+'71 a delib]ate =be>ance "o ( ano!r bas$ on love4 ,!y are to accept "o ano!r z bre?r51 ) ! rights ( bre?r54 ,& ! reason :y !y %\ld exhibit ^! qualities is n f> to seek3 !y actually %>e "o common sup]natural life--! imp>t$ life ( ! ,_s--& !y are1 !re=e1 to make x _! delib]ate object to pres]ve ?is actual spiritual unity 9 its appropriate outw>d expression1 t is 9 h>moni\s fell[%ip1--'giv+ dilig5ce to keep ! unity ( ! ,_s 9 ! bond ( peace4' ,sid5ote3 ,! unity ( ! *ur* ,b at ?is po9t ! idea ( ! unity ( ! ,*ur* is felt to ne$ full] exposition4 ,9 :at s5se are ,*ri/ians "o8 ,!y are "o z "o body or organization1 made up no d\bt ( a multitude ( diff]+ individual memb]s1 b all b\nd into "o1 "u ,*ri/ = _! head1 by ! fact t ! "o ,_s1 :i* is ,*ri/'s supreme gift1 is imp>t$ to ! :ole #add organization & e memb] ( x3 & ?is common corporate life1 :]e ! elem5ts are s diff]5t1 is made possible by ! "o hope rea*+ =w>d into an et]nal _w1 :i* 0 set be=e !m all :5 !y receiv$ _! call into ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,?is %\ld be en\gh to annihilate l[] & %ort]-liv$ diff]5ces4 ',!re is "o body#b & "o _s ev5 z ye are call$ 9 "o hope ( y\r call+4' ,x foll[s f ?is t !re is ano!r ?reefold unity4 ,= ! exi/5ce ( ! common head involves a common allegiance to ,him z ,"l1 an allegiance :i* is ju/ifi$ by :at ,he is believ$ to be by all ,*ri/ians2 an allegiance1 fur!r1 :i* is m ?an an outw>d fealty1 be+ cem5t$ by an actual incorporation into ,8 life :i* takes place ?r\gh ! speak+ symbol ( ! lav] ( reg5]ation#c4 ',"o ,"l1 "o fai?1 "o baptism4' ,b once m4 ,?is common union ) & "u ,*ri/ 9 ! ,_s1 is n any?+ less ?an union ) ! "o & only ,god & ,fa!r1 :o is ov] all z ! "o head 7ev5 '! head ( ,*ri/ is ,god'71 ?r\gh all z ! p]vad+ pres5ce1 9 all z ! active #ade life1 '"o ,god & ,fa!r ( all1 :o is ov] all & ?r\gh all & 9 all ?+s4' ,?us _! unity is ! deepe/ & mo/ ultimate conceivable3 x has a wid? & range f :i* no "o c be exclud$3 :ile x has a clos5ess & cog5cy l ! unity ( blood4 ,to realize :at ?is unity is & may be1 involves on our "p a cont9ual look+ out ( ourselves1 out ( all individual1 social & national diff]5ces1 up to ! common s\rce ( all ! gifts ( all ,*ri/ians4 ,:atev] ea* "o possesses is simply ! gift ( ! div9e b\nty or grace1 giv5 to him by a def9ite act ( be/[al1 v>y+ m]ely 9 k9d & degree accord+ to ! sov]eign w ( ,*ri/ ! ,"l1 ! only giv]2 & x is !re=e to be us$ 9 ,8 s]vice & = ,8 ends4 ,! ,psalmi/ _h sung ( ! div9e k+ ( ,israel m\nt+ z an e>?ly conqu]or unto 8 sanctu>y ?rone 9 ,zion aft] mak+ captives & receiv+ gifts f among 8 enemies )\t exception4 ',?\ ha/ gone up into ! heights1 ,?\ ha/ l$ captives captive2 ,?\ ha/ receiv$ gifts among m51 yea f ! rebelli\s also#d4' ,x /&s to reason t to ,/4 ,paul's m9d ?is #adf conception is realiz$ n[h]e b 9 ,*ri/4 ,its application to ,*ri/ is 9 fact assum$--'!re=e1' i4e4 ) a view to ,*ri/1 'he' or r 'x1' ! ,scripture 'sai?'--& ! passage is giv5 free int]pretation1 &1 m ?an ?is1 free modification1 on ! basis ( ?is assumption4 ,= 7#a7 ! asc5sion ( ! conqu]+ k+ is spok5 ( z ! result ( a previ\s desc5t to ! 'l[] regions ( ?is e>? ( ours#e4' ,no man1 z ,/4 ,john says1 ha? asc5d$ up to heav5 b ,he t came d[n f heav54 ,! p]son :o 'begg>$ himself' to come d[n to our e>? & :o subsequ5tly m\nt$ into ! div9e glory is "o & ! same p]son1 ,*ri/ ! inc>nate ,son2 & ,he ?us desc5d$ & re-asc5d$ 9 ord] t ,he might1 ?r\gh ! atonem5t wr\ght by ,him 9 ! fle% & ?r\gh ! exaltation :i* rew>d$ x1 re/ore to ! univ]se t unity ( :i* s9 & rebellion _h robb$ x1 & 'fill all ?+s' once aga9 ) ! div9e b\nty & pres5ce#f4 #adg 7#b7 ,! s5se ( ! psalm is--possibly n )\t ,jewi% prec$5t#g--;alt]$ 9 expression s t1 in/ead ( ! conqu]or receiv+ gifts f m51 8 conqu]$ enemies1 we h him repres5t$ z 'giv+ gifts to m54' ,?is modification1 :e!r orig9al 9 ,/4 ,paul or accept$ by him1 is no d\bt due to ! fact t 8 m9d is full ( ! idea ( ,*ri/ z conqu]+ only to bless1 receiv+ homage only to be enabl$ to be/[ on !m :o (f] x ! fulness ( ! div9e b\nty4 ,& ! 'captives' ( ,*ri/1 to ,/4 ,paul's m9d1 are no d\bt n m51 b ! ho/s ( ,satan r$uc$ to impot5ce4 ,! exalt$ ,*ri/1 !n1 is ! s\rce ( all gifts 9 ,8 ,*ur*1 & ,he be/[s on m5 v>i\s end[m5ts 9 su* a way z to ma9ta9 among !m a necess>y relation4 ',no memb] ( ! body ( ,*ri/ is endu$ ) su* p]fection z to be able1 )\t ! assi/ance ( o!rs1 to supply 8 own necessities4 ,a c]ta9 proportion is allott$ to ea*1 & x is only by communicat+ ) o!rs t all enjoy :at is suffici5t = ma9ta9+ _! respective places 9 ! body#h4' ,?is is ! pr9ciple ( mutual dep5d5ce1 ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( corporate life4 ,?us ',he gave #adh "s z apo/les1 "s prophets1' o!rs 9 o!r v>y+ capacities to fulfil v>y+ functions2 ! pr9ciple ( ! be/[al be+ ! same ?r\gh\t4 ,ea* 'gift$' individual becomes himself a gift to ! ,*ur*4 ,he is 'gift$' n = 8 own sake b = ! ,*ur*'s sake--') a view to ! p]fect+ ( ! sa9ts1' or '! complete equipm5t ( ! consecrat$ body1' = ! manifold '"w ( m9i/ry' entru/$ to x2 or to look at ! matt] f a r diff]5t po9t ( view1 '= ! purpose ( complet+ ! /ructure ( ! body ( ,*ri/'--t liv+ company ( m5 9 :om ,*ri/ expresses ,himself & ?r\gh :om ,he acts ^u ! _w4 ,& t /ructure is n complete till all toge!r atta9 :at is impossible to any isolat$ ,*ri/ian individual1 ! unity n only ( a common fai?1 b also ( a common k ( :at is reveal$ 9 ! ,son ( ,god2 or1 9 o!r words1 to ! full-gr[n manhood2 :i*1 once aga91 means t complete developem5t 9 :i* ! fulness ( ! ,*ri/--all ! complete array ( ,8 attributes & qualities--f9ds h>moni\s exhibition ov] aga9 9 ,8 p1 ,8 body4 ,b ! possibility ( ?is complet5ess on ! "p ( ! ,*ur* z a :ole1 dep5ds on ! #adi /ability ( ! individual memb]s 9 ! common fai?4 ,?us x is ,*ri/'s purpose t ,8 memb]s %\ld cease to be z *ildr51 /irr$ up l ! waves ( ! sea1 or c>ri$ ab\t l fea!rs1 by e w9d ( false tea*+4 ,!re is1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 a k+dom ( deception1 an organiz$ attempt to s$uce s\ls1 ( :i* wick$ m5 make !mselves ! in/rum5ts4 ,9 view ( ?is ho/ile k+dom ( error1 ! ,*ri/ians mu/ abide 9 ! tru? reveal$ to !m 9 love1 & s gr[ up into ! complet$ life ( ,*ri/4 ,= ,he is ! head1 & 9 ,him !y are ! body4 ,& ! body is a unit ( _m p>ts fitt$ & held toge!r 9 "o life by a supply f ! head1 :i* circulates ?r\gh e jo9t1 & = ! full & unimp$$ communication ( :i* ea* sev]al limb mu/ d its prop] "w1 s t ! :ole body may gr[ into complet$ life 9 t mutual coh]5ce :i* is ,*ri/ian love4 ,?is prolong$ p>aphrase may s]ve to br+ out ! innum]able po9ts ( int]e/ 9 t ri* passage 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul z x 7 gives ! re9s to 8 imag9ation & 8 feel+s 9 ord] to describe ! glory ( ! unity ( ! ,*ur*4 #aej ,i !re=e1 ! prison] 9 ! ,"l1 besee* y to walk wor?ily ( ! call+ :]e) ye 7 call$1 ) all l[l9ess & meekness1 ) longsuff]+1 =be>+ "o ano!r 9 love2 giv+ dilig5ce to keep ! unity ( ! ,_s 9 ! bond ( peace4 ,!re is "o body1 & "o ,_s1 ev5 z also ye 7 call$ 9 "o hope ( y\r call+2 "o ,"l1 "o fai?1 "o baptism1 "o ,god & ,fa!r ( all1 :o is ov] all1 & ?r\gh all1 & 9 all4 ,b unto ea* "o ( u 0 ! grace giv5 accord+ to ! measure ( ! gift ( ,*ri/4 ,:]e=e he sai?1 ,:5 he asc5d$ on high1 he l$ captivity captive1 ,& gave gifts unto m54 7,n[ ?is1 ,he asc5d$1 :at is x b t he also desc5d$ into ! l[] p>ts ( ! e>?8 ,he t desc5d$ is ! same also t asc5d$ f> above all ! heav5s1 t he might fill all ?+s47 ,& he gave "s to be apo/les2 & "s1 prophets2 & "s evangeli/s2 & "s1 pa/ors & tea*]s2 = ! p]fect+ ( ! sa9ts1 unto ! "w ( m9i/]+1 unto ! build+ up ( ! body ( ,*ri/3 till we all atta9 unto ! unity ( ! fai?1 & ( ! k ( ! ,son ( ,god1 unto a fullgr[n man1 unto ! measure ( ! /ature ( ! fulness ( ,*ri/3 t we may be no long] *ildr51 toss$ to & fro & c>ri$ ab\t ) e w9d ( doctr9e1 by ! sleight ( m51 9 craft9ess1 aft] ! wiles ( error2 b speak+ tru? 9 love1 may gr[ up 9 all ?+s into him1 :i* is ! head1 ev5 ,*ri/2 f :om all ! body fitly fram$ & knit toge!r ?r\gh t :i* e jo9t supplie?1 accord+ to ! work+ 9 due measure ( ea* sev]al "p1 make? ! increase ( ! body unto ! build+ up ( itself 9 love4 #aea ,9 ?is great conception ( *ur* unity !re are sev]al po9ts to :i* special att5tion mu/ be giv54 i4 ,! ,*ur* is "o1 fir/ ( all1 because a common inw>d life1 ! ,_s1 f a common s\rce1 ,*ri/1 fl[s 9 h] ve9s & makes h] to be "o body4 ,:at is ?is 'unity ( ,_s8' says ,*ryso/om4 ',z 9 a body x is _s :i* holds all toge!r1 & makes t to be a unity :i* consi/s ( diff]5t limbs1 s x is 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,= ! ,_s 0 giv5 = ?is purpose t ,he might unify ^? :o diff] 9 race & v>iety ( habits4' ,?is inw>d life is no d\bt1 z we %all see1 imp>t$1 ma9ta9$ & p]fect$ ?r\gh outw>d means or in/itutions--baptism1 ! eu*>i/1 human (fices & m9i/ries2 b none ! less x is ! inw>d life :i* makes ! ,*ur* "o4 ,s t h] unity is l ! unity ( a family or a race1 a unity ( blood & life :i* exi/s 9 spite ( all outw>d diff]5ces3 & n l su* a unity z is produc$ by outw>d gov]nm5t1 z1 = example1 ,arm5ians1 ,syrians1 ,kurds1 & ,turks make up ! unity ( ! ,turki% empire1 or ,engli%m5 & ,fr5*m5 ! ,dom9ion ( #aeb ,canada4 ,! unity ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* is ?us a unity :i* ought to express itself 9 '! bond ( peace1' b :i* does n consi/ 9 t1 any m ?an ! unity ( a family consi/s 9 ! affection & sympa?y :i* yet bro!rs ought to h "o to ano!r4 ,?is ,paul9e idea ( *ur* unity--:i* is ! idea also ( ! ,new ,te/am5t z a :ole--con/antly f9ds expression 9 e>ly ,*ri/ian writ+s1 b "o p>ticul> expression ( x may be cit$4 ,hil>y ( ,poiti]s1 9 argum5t ) ! ,arians1 is confront$ ) ! position t ! phrase ',i & my ,fa!r are "o' means only "o 9 w1 n "o 9 nature1 l ! phrase us$ ( ! ,*ur*1 '"o he>t & s\l4' ,he refutes ! argum5t by urg+ t1 9 ! latt] case also1 :at is ref]r$ to is n a unity ( wills b ( nature3 believ]s are '"o ?+ ?r\gh a new bir? into ! same 7new7 nature4' ',ye are all "o1' says ,/4 ,paul1 '9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4' ',! apo/le tea*es t ?is unity ( ! fai?ful comes f ! nature ( ! sacram5ts4444 ,:at !n c concord ( m9ds h to d ) a case :]e m5 are already made "o by be+ clo!d ) "o ,*ri/ ?r\gh ! nature ( "o baptism8#i' ,?is passage gives #aec a /rik+ view ( :at ultimately con/itutes *ur* unity4 ,x is necess>y to call att5tion to ?is position because ! great ,roman *ur*1 :i* occupies s l>ge a space 9 ! :ole area ( ! *ur*1 & impresses its ideas s p[]fully ^u m5's imag9ation1 has p]v]t$ ?is idea ( *ur* unity by a "o-sid$ emphasis on unity ( gov]nm5t4 ,i f9d a typical mod]n ,roman /atem5t 9 ,dr4 ,hunt]'s ,outl9es ( ,dogmatic ,!ology#aj3 ',! ,*ur* has a pr9ciple ( on5ess :i* jo9s ! memb]s toge!r1 & di/+ui%es ! society f a m]e aggregate ( unconnect$ units4 ,! memb]s are associat$ 9 ord] t1 believ+ ! revelation t ,god has giv51 & us+ ! means ( grace :i* ,he has provid$1 "u ! direction ( ! gov]nors :o h _! au?ority f ,him1 !y may atta9 ! end ( _! be+1 ! salvation ( _! s\ls4 ,9 o!r words1 ! unity :i* ! ,*ur* mu/ h includes ! unity ( fai?1 unity ( wor%ip1 & unity ( gov]nm5t4' ,"h we h *ur* unity describ$ z an outw>d association ( individuals to atta9 a c]ta9 end by submitt+ to a common au?ority 9 matt]s ( belief & wor%ip4 ,! #aed unity ( spiritual life :i* ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,hil>y put di/9ctly fir/1 becomes second>y or subord9ate4 ,x is n ev5 specifi$ among ! ?ree *ief elem5ts ( unity4 ,b x makes ! greate/ possible diff]5ce :e!r y say '! ,*ur* is "o because all baptiz$ p]sons %>e a common life 9 ,*ri/1 & ought !re=e to behave z "o body1' or '! ,*ur* is "o by submitt+ to a common au?ority 9 belief1 wor%ip1 & gov]nm5t4' ,! second is ! ,roman1 ! fir/ is ! apo/olic /atem5t4 ii4 ,once m1 ,/4 ,paul's idea ( ! unity ( ! ,*ur* =bids u to conceive ( x z complete 9 ?is _w4 ,ea* p>ticul> *ur* ) its own organization has a c]ta9 relative complet5ess1 b x ga9s all its mean+ & life ?r\gh fell[%ip 9 ! body ( ,*ri/--! :ole society ( m5 :o1 hav+ ,*ri/ = _! head1 live 9 ! unity ( a life d]iv$ f ,him4 ,! head ( ! body is out ( sight4 ,s also are ! memb]s ( ! body :o 'are fall5 asleep' b are /ill '9 ,jesus#aa4' ,x is1 s to speak--& increas+ly z hi/ory goes #aee on--only ! l[] limbs ( ! body :o are on ! e>? at any p>ticul> mom5t4 ,& !y f9d _! c5tre ( unity at no l[] po9t ?an ,*ri/1 ! unse5 head4 ,?is idea is vigor\sly express$ by ,/4 ,augu/9e#ab3 ',s9ce ! :ole ,*ur* is made up ( ! head & ! body1 ! head is our ,savi\r ,himself1 :o suff]$ "u ,pontius ,pilate1 :o n[1 aft] ,he has ris5 f ! dead1 sits at ! "r h& ( ,god2 b ! body is ! ,*ur*--n ?is *ur* or t1 b ! ,*ur* scatt]$ ov] all ! _w2 nor is x t only :i* exi/s among m5 n[ liv+2 b !y also belong to x :o 7 be=e u & are to be aft] u to ! end ( ! _w4 ,= ! :ole ,*ur*1 made up ( all ! fai?ful1 because all ! fai?ful are memb]s ( ,*ri/1 has its head situate 9 ! heav5s :i* gov]ns ?is body3 ?\gh x is sep>at$ f _! sight1 yet x is b\nd to !m by love4 ,n[ x is obvi\s t ?is ,paul9e & ,augu/9ian idea ( *ur* unity excludes1 in/ead ( sugge/+1 ! ,roman me?od ( argu+ = ! papacy f ! necessity t a body mu/ h a head4 ,an association ( m5 9 ?is _w1 su* z ! ,*ur* on e>? #aef is--a 'body ( m5' 9 ?is s5se--may be gov]n$ 9 any ( ! v>i\s ways 9 :i* human societies are gov]n$1 n by any means necess>ily by a mon>*#ac4 ,9 ?is s5se a body ne$ n h a s+le head2 or x c be rul$ by a presid5t 9 a c\ncil ( equals4 ,b 9 ,/4 ,paul's s5se1 ! ,*ur* z a body mu/ h a head1 & t head c be none o!r ?an ,*ri/1 because1 accord+ to 8 spiritual physiology1 f its head ! ,*ur* receives its cont9ually infl[+ life2 & because ! body is n completely1 b only p>tially1 9 ?is _w1 & ! head mu/ be ov] all ! memb]s1 & n only ov] "s4 iii4 ,b if ! unity ( ! ,*ur*1 z ,/4 ,paul exp\nds x1 is be=e all else a unity ( life1 x is z well a unity 9 ! tru?4 ,x is a unity bas$ on belief 9 a div9e revelation1 giv5 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/--bas$ on ! common confession t ,jesus crucifi$ & ris5 is ,*ri/ & ,"l#ad4 ,to say t ',jesus is ! ,"l' #aeg involves fur!r--:at is impli$ 9 ?is passage ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians--! confession ( ! ?reefold "n--! '"o ,god & ,fa!r1' ! '"o ,"l' ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,god1 ! '"o ,_s' :i* is ,8 gift2 & !re c be no real "q t ,/4 ,paul's language con/antly involves t ! ,son & ,_s are ) ! ,fa!r really p]sonal1 & really div9e1 includ$1 s to speak1 9 ! "o only et]nal ,godhead4 ,a cre$ !n is at ! basis ( ! ,*ri/ian life--a cre$ :i* f9ds its be/ expression & safegu>d 9 ! =mulat$ doctr9es ( ! ,tr9ity & ! ,inc>nation4 ,!re is no reason to ?9k t ,/4 ,paul1 if ! situation ( ! lat] ,*ur* c\ld h be5 made pla9 to him1 w\ld h %runk f ^! dogmatic safegu>ds ( ! ,*ur*'s c5tral fai?4 ,b if we grant--:at _c really ) any %[ ( reason be d5i$--t ! ,*ur* is a visible organization bas$ on a c]ta9 reveal$ tru?1 :i* mu/ be accept$ by its memb]s1 & :i* admits ( be+ =mulat$ 9 ord] to be pres]v$2 /ill ?is tru? may be advanc$ & def5d$ ma9ly by "o ( two me?ods--t ( ext]nal regulative au?ority1 or t ( appeal to pr9ciples1 discussion1 controv]sy1 #aeh exhortation4 ,& x c h>dly be d5i$ t ,/4 ,paul pref]s ! latt]4 ,%>p appeals to au?ority are inde$ to be f\nd 9 ,/4 ,paul#ae1 b !y are v r>e4 ,= example1 9 none ( 8 epi/les aga9/ ! ,judaiz]s is ! au?ority ( ! apo/olic decision1 z to :at might & :at might n be requir$ ( ! ,g5tile ,*ri/ians '9 ,antio*1 ,syria1 & ,cilicia#af1' br\ght into requisition2 ?\gh t decision 'settl$ ! "q4' ,he pref]s to prove t 'circumcision is no?+4' ,?is may be 9 "p acc\nt$ = by ,/4 ,paul's refusal to admit t 8 own apo/olic au?ority ne$$ ! support ( ! twelve1 & by ! limit$ area to :i* ! decision 0 address$2 b !re is ano!r reason z well4 ,= he pla9ly1 z all 8 epi/les %[1 pref]s to appeal n to au?ority at all b to ! spiritual reason2 to exp\nd pr9ciples1 to argue1 to awak5 ! he>t1 consci5ce1 & m9d ( ,*ri/ians4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t !re is v little 9 ,/4 ,paul's epi/les ab\t diff]5ces ( doctr9al views among ,*ri/ians z di/9ct f diff]5ces 9 practices4 ,yet !re is en\gh--z 9 ! vigor\s passage ab\t ! 'reg>d+ ( "o #aei day above ano!r#ag'--to ju/ify ! belief t he w\ld n h view$ ) any disapproval ! exi/5ce 9 ! ,*ur* ( tol]at$ diff]5ces ( op9ion :]e !y did n t\* ! basis ( ! ,*ur*'s life4 ,su* diff]5ces ( view are h>dly sep>able f :at ,/4 ,paul glories 9--a unity :i* is consi/5t ) great v>iety ( gifts & "*1 & great fre$om4 ,x is unity 9 v>iety :i* he has z 8 ideal1 su* a unity z is always *>act]i/ic ( a unity ( life1 l t ( nature or ( a free p2 or a unity1 aga91 l t ( a great ,go?ic ,*ur*1 or ( ! ,bible4 ,x is q c]ta9 t ,/4 ,paul w\ld h deprecat$ t '%ort & easy' me?od ( promot+ unity :i* has con/ant rec\rse to ! ext]nal pressure ( dogma & au?ority4 iv4 ,x foll[s naturally f :at has be5 j said1 t ,/4 ,paul %\ld look n s mu* to ecclesia/ical enactm5ts z to a "r ,*ri/ian temp] = pres]v+ outw>d unity4 ',mak+ x y\r moral ef=t1' s we may p>aphrase 8 exhortation to ! ,asiatic ,*ri/ians1 'by means #afj ( ! virtues :i* ,i h j specifi$ ( humility1 meekness1 long-suff]+1 & =be>ance1 to ma9ta9 ! unity ( ! ,_s 9 ! bond ( ,*ri/ian peace4' ,! ,new ,te/am5t view ( h]esy 7a self-will$ sep>atism71 or s*ism1 is t x is a violation ( *>ity & peace 9 ! int]e/s ( pride & impati5ce & self-w4 ,x is m5 l ',diotrephes :o love? to h ! pre-em95ce1' :o violate x4 ,9 fact x is writt5 9 hi/ory t ! ecclesia/ical s*isms ( ! pa/ h be5 due ma9ly ei!r to ! impati5ce & wilfulness ( w\ld-be re=m]s1 f ,t]tullian d[nw>ds1 or to ! arrogance & love ( dom9ation 9 rival individuals or rival sees4 ',no?+1' says ,*ryso/om on ?is passage1 'w h p[] to divide ! ,*ur* s mu* z ! love ( au?ority1 & no?+ provokes ,god s mu* z t ! ,*ur* %\ld be divid$4 ,we may h done t5 ?\s& good actions1 b if we r5d ! fulness ( ! ,*ur*1 we %all suff] puni%m5t ) ^? :o r5t ,8 body4' ,f ?is po9t ( view we may f9d an int]e/+ p>allel to ?is exhortation ( ,/4 ,paul 9 a passage ( ,plato's ,laws1 :i* is1 ,i believe1 "o ( ! few passages 9 pre-,*ri/ian writ+s :]e ! virtue ( humility is recogniz$4 #afa ',god1 z ! old tradition decl>es1 hold+ 9 ,8 h& ! beg9n+1 middle1 & end ( all t is1 moves accord+ to ,8 nature 9 a /raight l9e t[>ds ! accompli%m5t ( ,8 end4 ,ju/ice always foll[s ,him1 & is ! puni%] ( ^? :o fall %ort ( ! div9e law4 ,to t law he :o w\ld be happy holds fa/1 & foll[s x 9 all humility & ord]2 b he :o is lift$ up ) pride1 or money1 or hon\r1 or beauty1 :o has a s\l hot ) folly & guilt & insol5ce1 & ?9ks t he has no ne$ ( a guide & rul]1 b is able himself to be ! guide ( o!rs1 he1 ,i say1 is left des]t$ ( ,god2 & be+ ?us des]t$1 he takes to him o!rs :o are l himself1 & dances ab\t 9 wild confusion2 & _m ?9k t he is a great man1 b 9 a %ort "t he pays a p5alty :i* ju/ice _c b approve1 & is utt]ly de/roy$1 & 8 family & city ) him4' ,f ! po9t ( view ( ! moral duty ( pres]v+ ecclesia/ical unity1 x is q cle> t ! guilt ( ,*ri/ians has be5 exce$+ly great1 & also t x has be5 v widely diffus$4 ,! am\nt ( ambition1 insol5ce1 & impati5ce 9 ! ,*ur* has1 9 fact1 be5 s va/ t x rema9s no long] a matt] #afb = a/oni%m5t t x %\ld h made ! havoc t x has made 9 ! div9e h\sehold1 & %\ld h ?w>t$1 z x has ?w>t$1 ! div9e int5tion4 ,b ! recognition ( ?is fact lays on u ! duty ( m$itat+ cont9ually on ! div9e int5tion1 & by all t lies 9 our p[]1 by pray] & by e o!r means1 to re/ore ! recognition ( ! div9e pr9ciple ( unity :e!r 9 ! n>r[] or ! wid] circle ( *ur* life4 ,x is n too mu* to say t ! n[ popul> pr9ciple ( ! free volunt>y association ( ,*ri/ians 9 societies organiz$ to suit v>y+ phases ( ta/e1 is de/ructive ( ! moral discipl9e int5d$ = u4 ,x 0 ! obligation to belong to "o body :i* 0 int5d$ z ! re/ra9t on ! prejudices & ecc5tricities ( race1 classes & individuals4 ,if ,greeks1 ,italians1 & ,engli%m5 are to be cont5t to belong to diff]5t *ur*es2 if among ourselves we are to h "o *ur* = ! well-to-d1 & ano!r = 'lab\r'2 if any individual :o is (f5d$ 9 "o *ur* is to be free to g (f to ano!r :]e he or %e likes ! m9i/] bett]--:]e does ! ne$ come 9 = ! =be>ance & long-suff]+ & humility on :i* ,/4 ,paul #afc insi/s z ! necess>y virtues ( ! "o body8 ,we1 ,*ri/ians b n 9 "o bro!rhood1 may n be able to agree at pres5t among ourselves z to ! prop] basis ( ecclesia/ical unity1 b we ought to be able to agree t1 someh[ or o!r1 ,*ri/ians are int5d$ by ,*ri/ & by ! apo/le to be "o body1 & t ! wilful violation ( outw>d unity is truly a refusal ( ! yoke ( ,*ri/4 ,& a great /ep w\ld h be5 tak5 t[>ds r5d]+ ! recov]y ( ecclesia/ical unity m easy if ^? :o recognize ! obligation ( ! pr9ciple c\ld be br\ght to p]ceive t true ,ca?olicism really requires a l>ge measure ( tol]ation & a delib]ate reasonabl5ess4 ,at pres5t x is n too mu* to say t ! idea ( ! obligation ( ecclesia/ical unity is widely associat$ ) an emphasis on ecclesia/ical & dogmatic au?ority su* z is utt]ly ali5 to ! m9d ( ! apo/le ( ,ca?olicism4 v4 ,9 :at has be5 said above we h be5 att5d+ *iefly to ! re/ra9ts :i* ,/4 ,paul's idea ( *ur* unity appe>s to set ^u :at are commonly kn[n z 'ecclesia/ical t5d5cies4' #afd ,n[ x is "t to emphasize ! o!r side ( ! repres5tation4 ,= )\t a /rongly engra9$ prejudice1 !re is n1 x seems to ! pres5t writ]1 any possibility ( d\bt+ t ,/4 ,paul meant by '! ,*ur*' 9 g5]al1 a society visible & organiz$1 repres5t$ by a numb] ( visible & organiz$ local societies or *ur*es#ah4 ,! ,*ur* is 9 fact ideal 9 its spiritual "*1 b n "o bit ! less an association ( human be+s1 a society ) q def9ite limits1 ties1 & obligations4 ,=1 to beg9 )1 ! '"o baptism' :i* convey$ ! spiritual gift ( incorporation into ,*ri/ 0 also ! initiation into an actual bro!rhood1 ) its rules ( conduct1 wor%ip1 & belief3 'we 7 all baptiz$ into "o body#ai4' ,! '"o ,_s' 0 normally be/[$ by ! 'lay+ on (' apo/olic 'h&s'--t is1 ! h&s ( ! *ief gov]nors ( ! ,*ri/ian corporation4 ,?is rite foll[$ ^u & complet$ baptism1 & its adm9i/ration _h #afe be5 "o ( ,/4 ,paul's fir/ m9i/]ial acts aft] he began 8 prea*+ at ,ephesus#bj4 ,aga91 '! break+ ( ! bread' or eu*>i/1 accord+ to ,/4 ,paul's tea*+1 bo? n\ri%$ ! life ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,*ur*1 z be+ ! communion ( ,8 body & blood1 & also1 9 ! '"o loaf1' symboliz$ its outw>d corporate unity#ba4 ,?us ! be/[al ( gifts ( grace ?r\gh outw>d rites1 :i* belong$ to ! corporate life ( a society1 insur$ t a ,*ri/ian %\ld be no isolat$ & indep5d5t individual4 ,m ?an ?is1 ! necess>y dep5d5ce ( ea* individual ,*ri/ian ^u ! "o organiz$ society is made fur!r evid5t by ! exi/5ce ( spiritually end[$ (fic]s ( ! society :o 7 z '! m hon\rable limbs ( ! body'--'"s apo/les1 "s prophets1 "s evangeli/s1 "s pa/ors & tea*]s'--)\t :om ! body w\ld h lack$ its div9ely-giv5 equipm5t = m9i/ry & edification4 ,^! 7 n m]ely m or less gift$ or 7z we say7 tal5t$ individuals :o und]took p>ticul> sorts ( "w on _! own initiative1 or by ! invitation ( any gr\p ( ,*ri/ian individuals4 ,we f9d t ! apo/les at lea/ 7 a def9ite #aff body ( m5 :o _h receiv$ special commission f ,*ri/ ,himself to gov]n ,8 ,*ur*#bb4 ,! ,*ri/ian 'prophets' 7 m5 ( special sup]natural end[m5t1 to "k & decl>e ,god's w1 & =etell ,8 purposes4 ,!y rank$ aft] ! apo/les 9 virtue ( _! prophetic gift#bc4 ,b ev5 !y 7 to be re/ra9$ by ! exig5cies ( *ur* ord]4 ',! spirits ( ! prophets are subject unto ! prophets2 = ,god is n a ,god ( confusion b ( peace1 z 9 all ! *ur*es ( ! sa9ts4' ,next to ! prophets1 ,/4 ,paul specifies ! 'evangeli/s4' ,!y 7 no d\bt1 z _! "n implies1 (fic]s engag$ ) ! apo/les 9 ! g5]al "w ( spread+ ! gospel1 t is ( f\nd+ & organiz+ *ur*es4 ,timo?y1 :o is exhort$ to 'd ! "w ( an evangeli/#bd1' w\ld probably h rank$ among/ !m2 & if s1 ,titus & o!r simil> companions & delegates ( apo/les4 ,at any rate1 by :atev] "n !y 7 call$1 su* m5 belong$ to #afg ! specially 'gift$' class1 if we may judge by ! case ( ,timo?y4 ,b he1 ?\gh m>k$ out by prophecy1 receiv$ 8 'gift1' z a *ur* (fic]1 ) ! lay+ on ( ! h&s ( a :ole presbyt]y1 :ile ! h&s ( ! apo/le himself 7 ! div9e in/rum5ts = imp>t+ ! gift to him#be4 ,! 'pa/ors & tea*]s'--"o class ( m5 & n two--are1 we may say c]ta9ly1 id5tical ) ! presbyt]s or 'bi%ops' z !y 7 call$ by ,/4 ,paul at ,ephesus2 & ^! aga9 7 m5 ( spiritual end[m5t1 b also local *ur* (fic]s :o _h receiv$ a def9ite apo/olic appo9tm5t#bf1 & !re is no reason to d\bt by lay+ on ( h&s4 ,?us ! ,*ur*1 z ,/4 ,paul conceives x1 is a body diff]5tiat$ by v>ieties ( spiritual end[m5ts imp>t$ to def9ite (fic]s1 = ! fulfilm5t ( functions necess>y to ! life & developm5t ( ! :ole body4 ,?us ! outw>d unity ( ! #afh society at any p>ticul> mom5t1 & ! necess>y connexion ( ea* individual ,*ri/ian ) x1 is secur$ bo? by ! exi/5ce ( social sacram5ts or means ( grace1 & by ! exi/5ce ( a m9i/ry spiritually end[$ & commission$1 to :om individual ,*ri/ians ow$ allegiance1 & :o rank$ z ! m hon\rable limbs ( t body to :i* !y mu/ belong if !y w\ld belong to ,*ri/4 vi4 ,/4 ,paul is n "h ?9k+ ( ! unity ( ! ,*ur* o!rwise ?an at a p>ticul> mom5t4 ,b if "o turns "o's att5tion to its cont9u\s unity d[n ! ages1 aga9 x mu/ be recogniz$ t "o ma9 l9k ( unity has be5 9 fact ! apo/olic succession ( ! m9i/ry2 t is ! p]man5ce 9 ! ,*ur* ( a spiritually-end[$ '/ew>d%ip ( div9e my/]ies' receiv$ cont9ually by ! orig9al me?od ( ! lay+ on ( h&s 9 succession f apo/olic m54 ,! necessity = ea* individual ,*ri/ian to rema9 9 relation to ^! commission$ /ew>ds if he wi%es to cont9ue to be ( ! div9e h\sehold1 has kept m5 toge!r 9 "o body4 ,& any "o :o looks at ,/4 ,paul's me?od ( imp>t+ spiritual au?ority #afi & (fice to ,timo?y & ,titus1 & direct+ !m 9 _! turn to h& x on by orda9+ o!rs1 c sc>cely d\bt t he contemplat$ ! in/itution 9 ! ,*ur* ( a p]man5t m9i/ry d]iv+ its au?ority f above4 ,h[1 9 fact1 did ! lat] *ur* m9i/ry connect itself ) t :i* we f9d exi/+ 9 ! apo/olic age8 ,! apo/olic m9i/ry divides itself broadly into ! g5]al & ! local4 ,!re are 'm9i/]s' or '/ew>ds' :o are (fic]s ( ! *ur* ca?olic & h a g5]al commission4 ,su* g5]al commission belong$1 ( c\rse1 to ! apo/les1 ?\gh mutual delimitations 7 arrang$ among !mselves & ?\gh ,/4 ,james1 :o rank$ ) ! apo/les1 0 settl$ at ,j]usalem4 ,x belong$ also1 m or less1 to 'evangeli/s' & o!r 'apo/olic m51' :o1 h[ev]1 might be tempor>ily locat$ 9 p>ticul> *ur*es & di/ricts1 l ,timo?y 9 ,ephesus1 & ,titus 9 ,crete4 ,x belong$ also to ! prophets1 :o w\ld h be5 recogniz$ z m5 inspir$ ( ,god 9 all ! *ur*es1 & :o 9 ! subapo/olic age are f\nd 9 "s di/ricts ex]cis+ functions l ^? ( ! apo/les 9 ! fir/ age4 ,! local (fic]s1 on ! o!r h&1 7 ! presbyt]s1 :o are call$ also bi%ops1 & ! #agj deacons4 ,) ?is e>lie/ /ate ( ?+s 9 our m9d1 we %all p]ceive t :]e an apo/le or apo/olic man 0 p]man5tly resid5t 9 "o p>ticul> *ur*1 a ?reefold m9i/ry1 l t ( lat] *ur* hi/ory already exi/$4 ,s x 0 at ,j]usalem :]e ! presbyt]s & deacons 7 presid$ ov] by ,/4 ,james4 ,s x 0 9 ,crete "u ,titus1 & 9 ,ephesus "u ,timo?y4 ,s x 0 a few decades lat] 9 all ! *ur*es ( ,asia z organiz$ by ,/4 ,john4 ,9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w ! exact me?od by :i* ! m9i/ry develop$ is a matt] ( mu* dispute4 ,b x seems to ! pres5t writ] mo/ probable t ev]y:]e ! ?reefold m9i/ry came into exi/5ce by 7#a7 a *ange ( arrangem5t1 & 7#b7 a *ange ( "n4 7#a7 ,! *ange ( arrangem5t 0 ! e/abli%m5t 9 ea* local *ur* ( a prophet1 or "o1 l ,timo?y or ,titus1 :o _h be5 orda9$ to quasi-apo/olic (fice by an apo/le or man ( apo/olic rank2 su* a *ange tak+ place fir/ at ! greate/ c5tres1 & !n 9 less] cities4 7#b7 ,! *ange ( "n 0 ! appropriation to ?is n[ localiz$ rul] ( ! title ( bi%op or 'ov]se]' :i* _h hi!rto app]ta9$ m or less to ! presbyt]s g5]ally4 #aga ,b 9 any case x is c]ta9 t ! developem5t ( ! m9i/ry occurr$ on ! pr9ciple ( ! apo/olic succession4 ,^? :o 7 to be m9i/]s 7 ! elect ( ! *ur* 9 :i* !y 7 to m9i/]3 b !y 7 au?oritatively orda9$ to _! (fice f above1 & by succession f ! apo/olic m54 ,& su* a pr9ciple ( m9i/]ial au?ority appe>s to be n only hi/orical1 b also mo/ rational4 ,= a cont9u\s corporate unity 0 to be ma9ta9$ 9 a society :i*1 z be+ ca?olic1 mu/ lack all su* natural l9ks ( connexion z are af=d$ by a common language or common race4 ,& h[ c\ld su* cont9u\s corporate unity h be5 s well secur$ z by a succession ( p]sons ^: function %\ld be to ma9ta9 a tradition1 & ^: m9i/]ial au?ority %\ld make !m necess>y c5tres ( ! unity8 #a ,& n z ,dr4 ,rob]tson 7,smi?'s ,dict4 ( ,bible1 ed4 ii4 vol4 i4 pt4 ii4 p4 #iea7 sugge/s1 to introduce a pray] to ,god1 :i* is resum$ 9 iii4 #ad4 ,! ',= ?is cause' :i* is repeat$ 9 iii4 #ad is n ne>ly s significant z '! prison] ( ,jesus ,*ri/ = y ,g5tiles1' :i* is tak5 up aga9 9 iv4 #a4 #b ,i h int]pret$ ?is ^w 9 ! light ( :at is said 9 v]se #af4 #c ,tit4 iii4 #e4 #d ,ps4 lxviii4 #ah 7,delitzs*74 #e ,i d n ?9k ,/4 ,paul ne$ ref] to ! desc5t into ,hades4 ',! l[] p>ts ( ! e>?1' ,is4 xliv4 #bc1 may also ref] n to ,hades 7see ,delitzs* 9 loco7 b to '! e>? b5ea?4' #f ,! 'fill+ all ?+s' is1 9 ! epi/les to ! ,ephesians & ,colossians1 ! *>act]i/ic action ( ! exalt$ ,*ri/ & ! result ( ! reconciliation & atonem5t won4 ,cf4 #a ,cor4 xv4 #bd-bh1 ',t ,god may be all 9 all4' #g ,see ,delitzs*'s & ,p][ne's notes4 #h ,calv91 9 loc4 #i ,hil4 de ,tr94 viii4 #g-i4 ,! la/ s5t5ce is cond5s$4 #aj ,vol4 i4 p4 #cag 7,longmans1 #ahie74 #aa #a ,!ss4 iv4 #ad4 #ab ,9 ,ps4 lvi4 i4 #ac ,x is "o v noticeable feature ( ! rec5t ,encyclical ( ,leo ,,xiii on ! ,unity ( ! ,*ur* 7'satis cognitum'7 t x assumes t 'only a despotic mon>* c secure to any society unity & /r5g?4' #ad ,romans x4 #i4 #ae ,= example1 see ,gal4 i4 #f-i4 #af ,acts xv4 #bc-bi4 #ag ,romans xiv4 #ef2 cf4 ,phil4 iii4 #ae-af4 #ah ,cf4 ,hort1 ,ecclesia1 p4 #afi1 :o br+s out t all memb]s ( ! local *ur*es1 bett] & worse1 are reg>d$ z memb]s ( ! univ]sal ,*ur*4 ',!re is no evid5ce t ,/4 ,paul reg>d$ memb]%ip ( ! univ]sal ,*ur* z invisible & exclusively spiritual1 & %>$ by only a limit$ numb] ( ! memb]s ( ! ext]nal ,ecclesiae4' ,see also app4 note ,e1 p4 #bfg4 #ai #a ,cor4 xii4 #ac4 #bj ,acts xix4 #a-g4 #ba #a ,cor4 x4 #af1 #ag4 #bb ,see app4 note ,e1 p4 #bfi4 #bc ,9 ii4 #bj & iii4 #e1 ',apo/les & prophets' are spok5 ( toge!r almo/ z "o class includ$ "u "o def9ite article4 ,& ( c\rse ! apo/le ,paul rema9$ also1 :at he is fir/ call$1 a prophet 7,acts xiii4 i74 ,apo/les 7 also prophets2 b n all prophets 7 apo/les4 ,!y c be1 !re=e1 gr\p$ ap>t z !y are "h 7iv4 #aa74 #bd #b ,tim4 iv4 #e4 #be #a ,tim4 iv4 #ad2 #b ,tim4 i4 #f4 #bf ,acts xiv4 #bc4 ,?is is int]pret$ by ! phrase 7,acts xx4 #bh7 ',! ,holy ,gho/ made y bi%ops4' ,cf4 ,titus i4 #e1 ',i left !e 444 to appo9t eld]s 9 e city4444 ,= ! bi%op mu/ be blameless4' ,i assume "h ! practical id5tity ( bi%ops & presbyt]s1 z ,acts xx4 #bh1 ,tit4 i4 #e-g1 ,acts xiv4 #bc 7) ,phil4 i4 #a7 seem to require4 ,b '! presbyt]s' or ! 'presbyt]ate' 0 ! m g5]al "n = ! gov]n+ body ( a *ur*1 & an apo/le c !re=e call himself a presbyt] or include himself 9 ! presbyt]ate 7#a ,pet] v4 #a2 #a ,tim4 iv4 #ad71 :]eas he w\ld h>dly call himself a 'bi%op4' #agb ,,division ,,ii4 ,,*apt]s ,,iv4 #ag-,,vi4 #bd4 ,doctr9e & conduct4 ,sid5ote3 ,doctr9e & conduct ,"h ! apo/le1 ) a f9al '!re=e1' resum+ ! '!re=e' ( ,,iv4 i1 passes )\t fur!r delay to ! entirely practical portion ( ! epi/le4 ,^! '!re=es' are *>act]i/ic ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,!y indicate 8 deep s5se ( ! vital & necess>y connexion betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian mode ( liv+ & ! doctr9es ( ,*ri/ian belief4 ,*ri/ian belief is a m\ld fa%ion+ human conduct by a con/ant & uni=m pressure into a *>act]i/ic type1 or a set ( =ces urg+ x along c]ta9 l9es ( movem5t4 ,?us :5 "s po9t ( ,*ri/ian belief has be5 exp\nd$ !re foll[s a '!re=e' indicat+ ! inevitable moral consequ5ce ( su* belief :]e x is intellig5tly & volunt>ily held4 ,( c\rse ! consequ5ce does n foll[ ( me*anical necessity4 ,! doctr9e acts by an appeal to ! w4 ',i besee* y #agc !re=e1 bre?r51 by ! m]cies ( ,god'--s ,/4 ,paul makes 8 appeal to ! ,romans1 :5 he _h giv5 !m 8 great exposition ( ! doctr9es ( grace & ju/ification#a4 ,:5 he has exp\nd$ ! doctr9e ( ! resurrection to ! ,cor9?ians#b1 he concludes--',!re=e1 my belov$ bre?r51 be ye /$fa/1' c4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,colossians leads to two conclusions3 'mortify !re=e' & 'put on !re=e1 z ,god's elect1 holy & belov$1 a he>t ( compassion#c4' ,! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews conta9s simil> moral appeals bas$ on dogmatic /atem5ts4 ',!re=e let u give ! m e>ne/ he$4' ',hav+ !re=e1 bre?r51 boldness by ! blood ( ,jesus1 let u draw ne> ) a true he>t4' ',!re=e let u lay aside e weight#d4' ,^! '!re=es1' ,i say1 indicate a fundam5tal *>act]i/ic ( ,*ri/ianity3 x is a mann] ( liv+ bas$ ^u a disclosure ( div9e tru? ab\t ,god & ,8 w1 ab\t man's nature & 8 s91 ab\t ,god's r$emptive action & its me?ods & int5tions4 ,among ourselves to-day we he> frequ5tly en\gh disp>ag+ ref]5ce to !ological #agd doctr9e :e!r z a subject = /udy or = def9ite in/ruction4 ,!ological dogmas are allud$ to z ?+s remote f ! ord9>y conc]ns ( m5 & associat$ ) ! j>r+ int]e/s ( diff]5t religi\s bodies or ( _! cl]gy1 ) 'd5om9ationalism' or 'sac]dotalism#e4' ,?is idea has be5 due 9 great measure no d\bt to faults 9 !ologians & prie/s4 ,b x is none ! less absurd1 :5 x is s]i\sly consid]$4 ,if ^? ^: lives h giv5 ! mo/ %9+ examples ( practical ,*ri/ianity 9 all ages 7 cross-que/ion$1 x w\ld be f\nd t ! ov]:elm+ majority w\ld1 9 all simplicity1 attribute :at 0 good 9 _! life to _! def9ite beliefs4 ,inde$1 x is self evid5t t x mu/ h a practically va/ effect on a man's conduct :e!r1 = in/ance1 he really believes t 8 own & o!r m5's lives1 aft] "s sev5ty ye>s ( probation 9 ?is _w1 pass "u div9e judgem5t1 only to ent] into new & et]nal conditions :]e !y w inevitably reap ! fruits ( _! previ\s c>e]s4 #age ,x mu/ make a vital diff]5ce :e!r he believes t ! _w is ! expression ( bl9d =ce or ( ! w ( a liv+1 lov+1 ,god2 :e!r or no he believes t ,god p]sonally c>es = ea* individual3 :e!r or no he believes t ,god's int]e/ 9 ! _w 0 su* z to move ,him to r$eem x1 by ! sacrifice ( ,himself1 f ! tyranny ( s93 :e!r he believes 9 div9e =giv5ess & ,god's indwell+ by ,8 ,_s3 :e!r he believes 9 a div9e bro!rhood & div9e means ( grace 9 a h\sehold ( ,god 9 ! _w4 ,9 fact1 if ! practical e?ics ( ,india & ,*9a1 or ! ,turki% ,empire & ,morocco1 are consid]$ side by side ) ^? ( ,*ri/ian ,europe1 x is impossible to resi/ ! conviction t m5's behavi\r dep5ds 9 ! long run on :at !y believe ab\t ,god4 ,?is obvi\s conclusion is1 9 "p1 veil$ f our eyes by two facts4 ,"o is t logic works sl[ly 9 human life4 ,take a transv]se section ( humanity at any p>ticul> mom5t1 & x appe>s a mass ( inconsi/5cies4 ,x might almo/ sugge/ t !re is no connexion at all betwe5 belief & practice4 ,b ! same appe>ance is n pres5t$ by human life 9 its long rea*es4 ,!re y see h[1 9 ! #agf sl[ result1 an alt]ation ( belief involves an alt]ation ( practice4 ,?us to take an example3 at pres5t our social consci5ce ab\t ! obligations ( m>riage1 or ab\t p]sonal purity1 or ab\t suicide1 unsatisfactory z x may appe> to be to an e>ne/ ,*ri/ian1 is /ill saturat$ ) ,*ri/ian s5tim5t :i* is ! result ( a prolong$ impression left by ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 ,if ! doctr9e 7 to pass out ( ! m9ds ( ,engli%m5 9 g5]al1 aft] a g5]ation or two !re w\ld be a weak5+ or de/ruction ( ! correspond+ s5tim5t1 & an abolition ( :at is at pres5t an ob/acle to ! reign ( s5sual or selfi% desires4 ,b x takes "s g5]ations = ! effect ( any weak5+ ( belief to make itself felt4 ,!re is ano!r fact :i* veils f ! eyes ( p 9 g5]al ! real connexion betwe5 morals & doctr9e4 ,x is t x is l>gely m$iate or indirect4 ,! moral /&>d ( ! 'av]age man' is1 unconsci\sly1 kept up by ! morals ( ! be/ m5 & wom54 ,= social op9ion is ) ! majority ! =ce :i* ma9ly influ5ces _! practice1 & social op9ion dep5ds l>gely on lead]s4 ',x is :5 ! be/ m5 cease try+ t ! _w s9ks back l lead4' ,let any?+ #agg happ5 :i* %\ld sil5ce ! moral ef=t ( ! be/ individuals1 & disa/] w\ld be imm95t4 ,b ?is is exactly :at w\ld be ! result if ! be/ m5 & wom5 7 to cease to be ,*ri/ian believ]s4 ,x is ! highe/ level ( our common life t w\ld be depress$4 ,! result all r\nd w\ld be indirect1 b x w\ld be widespread & disa/r\s4 ,i d n mean1 or ?9k1 t ?is weak5+ ( religi\s belief 9 ! be/ m5 & wom5 is occurr+4 ,i only in/ance its morally c]ta9 results to make app>5t h[ ! g5]al be>+ ( religi\s beliefs on social practice is1 9 "o way1 veil$ by its indirectness4 ,b to ,/4 ,paul all ?is is self-evid5t4 ,he sees q cle>ly t ,*ri/ianity is to be a new life1 a new social & e?ical manife/ation 9 ! _w1 because ,*ri/ians believe t ,god has made pla9 to !m 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ ,8 "*1 nature1 & r$emptive purposes1 & has giv51 by ,8 ,_s1 a practical p[] to _! wills to correspond ) ! tru? reveal$ to _! intellig5ces & he>ts4 ,s he proce$s f 8 exposition ( ! great doctr9es ( ! ,*ur* ( ! ,r$emption to its practical moral consequ5ces4 #a ,rom4 xii4 #a4 #b #a ,cor4 xv4 #eh4 #c ,col4 iii4 #e1 #ab4 #d ,heb4 ii4 #a2 x4 #ai2 xii4 #a4 #e ,an int]e/+ expression ( ?is sort ( feel+ is to be f\nd 9 ,george ,crabbe's poem1 ,! ,libr>y4 ,on ! :ole we mu/ h improv$ s9ce 8 day 9 our p]ception ( ! connexion ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e ) ,*ri/ian practice4 #agh ,,division ,,ii4 #a4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 #ag-bd4 ,*ri/ianity a new life4 ,sid5ote3 ,new life 9 ,*ri/ ,! *>act]i/ic words ( ,/4 ,paul's gospel--grace1 =giv5ess1 m]cy1 lib]ty1 ju/ification by fai? n by works--may naturally1 :5 tak5 by !mselves & isolat$ f _! context1 lead to a false ?\ght ( ,god z morally 'easy go+1' & to a corrupt laxity ( conduct4 ,su* a result has %[n itself )9 ! area ( mod]n hi/ory 9 ! ant9omianism ( "s ,prote/ant bodies4 ,b long be=e ! ,re=mation ,/4 ,paul's words 7 'wre/$ by ! ignorant & un/$fa/ to _! own de/ruction#a4' ,x 0 probably a misund]/&+ ( ,/4 ,paul's doctr9e ( ju/ification by fai? :i* call$ =? ! prote/ ( ,/4 ,james' epi/le4 ,& inde$ ! traces ( ?is t5d5cy to p]v]t ! gospel are app>5t en\gh 9 #agi ,/4 ,paul's own epi/les4 ,div9e grace1 x 0 ev5 argu$1 c bett] %[ its l>g5ess if we af=d x an opportunity by ! abundance ( our s94 ',let u cont9ue 9 s9 t grace may ab\nd4' ,to ?is mon/r\s sugge/ion ,/4 ,paul replies1 9 8 epi/le to ! ,romans#b1 t x re/s on a complete misconception4 ,*ri/ian fai? is an introduction into ,*ri/4 ,believ+ we are baptiz$ into ,him4 ,?is means t we are to live z ,he liv$ t[>ds ! _w ( s9 & t[>ds ,god4 ,x means t we surr5d] ourselves 9 a _s ( glad ob$i5ce to be m\ld$ aft] ,8 patt]n4 ,if our believ+ does n lead to ?is new liv+1 beyond all "q x is a spuri\s ?+1 & none ( ! ,*ri/ian privileges atta* to x4 ,) a simil> purpose ,/4 ,paul writes "h to ! ,asiatics--newly-made ,*ri/ians1 :o liv$ 9 ! mid/ ( an appall+ly corrupt society1 & ^: inh]it$ traditions ( conduct 7 altoge!r lack+ 9 self-re/ra9t--to w>n !m aga9/ possible abuses ( _! ,*ri/ian privileges & ,*ri/ian lib]ty4 ,to be a ,*ri/ian is to be committ$ to a new life diff]5t utt]ly f ! old life4 ,:at 0 ! old life8 ,9 writ+ to ! #ahj ,romans ,/4 ,paul describes ! life ( ! contempor>y hea!n _w z hav+ its orig9 9 a refusal ( ! w to ackn[l$ge ,god4 ',!y glorifi$ ,him n z ,god4' ',!y refus$ to h ,god 9 _! k4' ,h5ce a d>k5+ ( ! und]/&+4 ',!y became va9 9 _! reason+s2 _! s5seless he>ts 7 d>k5$2 pr(ess+ !mselves to be wise !y became fools4' ,?is expla9s ! orig9 & possibility ( s fooli% a wor%ip z t ( m5 & bea/s4 ,fur!r1 ) ! obscur+ ( ! intellig5ce !re 0 a p]v]sion & emancipation ( ! passions1 result+ 9 all =ms ( lawlessness & unnatural vice4 ,a simil> description ( ! 'old life' ,/4 ,paul gives "h4 ,! root ( evil "h also appe>s to be 9 ! 'he>t' 7or w7--'! h>d5+ ( ! he>t'2 h5ce arises 'vanity ( ! m9d1' an aimlessness or loss ( all true & fix$ po9t ( view1 a 'd>k5+ ( ! und]/&+1' an inh]5t 'ignorance'2 & accompany+ ?is loss ( real intellig5ce has be5 a loss ( :at is ! true goal ( human life1 fell[%ip 9 '! life ( ,god4' ,in/ead ( t a life ( uncleanness has prevail$1 made into a regul> bus9ess#c1 & pursu$ ) 'gre$9ess1' i4e4 an entire disreg>d #aha = o!rs' rights--su* a life z is only possible :]e all true human feel+ & good ta/e has be5 qu5*$4 ,m5 h become 'pa/ feel+4' ,z reg>ds ! relation ( ?is black picture to ! actual facts1 en\gh has p]haps be5 said above4 ,at lea/ ,/4 ,paul's picture is giv5 z a direct *all5ge to ! exp]i5ce ( ^? to :om he writes2 & x is n black]1 at any rate1 ?an ! picture giv5 by a philosophic contempor>y at ,ephesus1 :o calls himself ,h]acleitus4 ,& on ! black backgr\nd ( ?is '=m] mann] ( life1' ?is 'old man' or old manhood--a life rul$ by lu/s :i* are n only morally evil b deceive & mock ^? :o yield to !m1 lead+1 9 fact1 to no?+ b corruption & dea?1 a 'wax+ corrupt aft] ! lu/s ( deceit'--,/4 ,paul sket*es 9 ! new life 9 ,*ri/4 ,to become a believ] is to submit "o's intellig5ce to le>n a new lesson1 to /udy ,*ri/2 x is to yield "o's self to a '=m ( tea*+#d' 9 ord] to h "o's life refa%ion$ 9 m>k$ contra/ to old & ab&on$ ways ( life2 x is to imbibe a new pr9ciple 9 ! he>t ( "o's rational be+1 'to be r5ew$ 9 ! _s ( "o's m9d'2 x is to put on delib]ately1 z a man puts on clo?+1 #ahb a new manhood1 ,*ri/'s manhood1 :i* is 'accord+ to ,god#e1' t is1 is bas$ on ,8 own life1 & is ,8 'new creation' 9 righte\sness & hol9ess4 ,& ?is righte\sness & hol9ess c nev] deceive u by false promises1 because !y are root$ 9 'tru?' or reality4 ,?is ,i say !re=e1 & te/ify 9 ! ,"l1 t ye no long] walk z ! ,g5tiles also walk1 9 ! vanity ( _! m9d1 be+ d>k5$ 9 _! und]/&+1 ali5at$ f ! life ( ,god because ( ! ignorance t is 9 !m1 because ( ! h>d5+ ( _! he>t2 :o be+ pa/ feel+ gave !mselves up to lascivi\sness1 to "w all uncleanness ) gre$9ess4 ,b ye did n s le>n ,*ri/2 if s be t ye he>d him1 & 7 taught 9 him1 ev5 z tru? is 9 ,jesus3 t ye put away1 z conc]n+ y\r =m] mann] ( life1 ! old man1 :i* waxe? corrupt aft] ! lu/s ( deceit2 & t ye be r5ew$ 9 ! _s ( y\r m9d1 & put on ! new man1 :i* aft] ,god ha? be5 creat$ 9 righte\sness & hol9ess ( tru?4 ,!re is "o phrase 9 ?is passage :i* may ne$ "s fur!r comm5t--',! life ( ,god4' ,into ,god's own et]nal life1 z ,he lives x 9 ,himself1 we are giv5 b glimpses4 ,b ,god is also liv+ 9 ! _w z its inh]5t life1 & ea* =m ( creation p>ticipates 9 its measure1 ev5 if unconsci\sly1 9 ! life #ahc ( ,god4 ,consci\sly & intellig5tly man 0 int5d$ to p>ticipate 9 x1 b he 'ali5at$' himself f x by s92 &1 :ile he 0 physically su/a9$ 9 life by ,god1 morally & m5tally he 0 an exile4 ,b ,*ri/ embodies ! div9e life anew 9 human =m1 & by ,8 ,_s imp>ts x z a new life to m54 ,once m 9 ,*ri/ m5 live bo? '9 ,god' & 'accord+ to ,god4' ,?is ?\ght ( our relation to ! life ( ,god is1 9 "p1 express$ 9 ! ,lat9 orig9al ( ! ,collect = ! n9? ,sunday aft] ,tr9ity1 9 :i* we pray 't we :o _c exi/ )\t ,!e1 may be enabl$ to live accord+ to ,!e4' #a #b ,pet4 iii4 #af4 #b ,rom4 vi4 #a ff4 #c ',to "w all uncleanness4' ,m>g4 'to make a trade (4' #d ,rom4 vi4 #ag4 #e ,eph4 iv4 #bd1 ,r4 ,v4 ,m>g4 '! new man :i* is aft] ,god1 creat$1' c4 #ahd ,,division ,,ii4 #b4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 #be-cb4 ,! new life a corporate life4 ,sid5ote3 ,corporate duties ,! fir/ *>act]i/ic ( ! new life dwelt ^u is its corporate "*1 z a life liv$ by ^? :o are 'memb]s "o ( ano!r1' & h !re=e a common aim4 ,9 a body ( p work+ ) a common aim !re may be a heal?y rivalry & competition 9 do+ good "w1 a manifold _s ( initiation & inv5tiv5ess1 & !re may be rew>ds ( lab\r1 proportion$ n m]ely to ne$s b to ^! p]sonal excell5ces4 ,b :at !re _c be is a competition :i* runs to ! po9t ( mutual de/ructiv5ess1 or su* accumulation ( ! fruits ( skill & lab\r 9 a few h&s z maims or />ves ! life ( ! majority4 ,! common int]e/ prev5ts ?is4 ',! memb]s mu/ h ! same c>e "o ( ano!r1' s t ':5 "o memb] suff]s all ! memb]s suff] ) x#a4' ,! life is ! life #ahe ( a body1 & ! g5]al well-be+ is !re=e ! common int]e/ ( all ! memb]s1 = ! weak5+ or decay ( "o is ! weak5+ & decay ( a m or less valuable "p ( a connect$ life4 ,?is is ! g5]al pr9ciple on :i* ! ,*ur* is bas$4 ,?is is ! moral mean+ ( *ur*man%ip4 ',ye are memb]s "o ( ano!r4' ,v>i\s specific obligations foll[ f ?is g5]al pr9ciple4 7a7 ,tru?fulness & op5ness2 = falsehood & concealm5t belong to a life ( sep>at$ & conflict+ int]e/s4 ,! prophetic ideal = ! re/or$ ,israel is to be realiz$ among ,*ri/ians4 ',speak ye e man tru? ) 8 neighb\r3 execute ! judgem5t ( tru? & peace 9 y\r gates3 & let none ( y imag9e evil 9 y\r he>ts aga9/ 8 neighb\r3 & love no false oa?#b4' 7b7 ,self-re/ra9t 9 temp]4 ,we mu/ n injure "o ano!r 9 life & limb1 or w\nd "o ano!r 9 feel+s4 ,!re=e we mu/ wat* ! fir/ beg9n+s ( ang]1 z ! ,psalmi/#c w>ns u1 le/ !y lead to s9 & give #ahf ! devil1 i4e4 ! sl&]] ( 8 bre?r51 ! inspir] ( all mutual recrim9ations1 room & scope to "w 94 7c7 ,lab\r = ! purpose ( mutual b5efic5ce4 ,"u ! old cov5ant ,god _h cont5t$ ,himself ) =bidd+ /eal+4 ,"u ! new cov5ant ! prohibition ( :at is wrong passes into ! injunction ( :at is "r4 ,lab\r ( :atev] k9d1 lab\r direct$ to produce some?+ good1 is requir$ ( all4 ',if any man w n "w1 nei!r let him eat#d4' ,! idle man 9 fact violates ! fundam5tal conditions ( ! ,*ri/ian cov5ant z truly z if he 7 d5y+ ! rudim5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,n[ ! object ( lab\r+ is to acquire 'prop]ty1' :i* is 9 "o s5se 'private1' & 9 ano!r s5se is n4 ,! lab\r] may h1 "u 8 own free adm9i/ration1 ! fruits ( 8 lab\r1 b he is to adm9i/] 8 prop]ty ) ! motive1 n only ( support+ himself1 b ( help+ 8 weak] & m ne$y bre?r54 7d7 ,pr(itable spee*4 ,"h aga9 ! ,*ri/ian is n to be cont5t ) avoid+ noxi\s conv]sation4 ,8 talk is to be1 n inde$ 'edify+' 9 ! n>r[e/ s5se1 b su* z #ahg 'builds up :at is lack+' 9 life1 or supplies a ne$1 :e!r by c\nsell+1 or in=m+1 or refre%+1 or *e]+2 s t x may 'give grace#e1' t is1 af=d pleasure &1 9 ! wide/ s5se1 br+ a bless+ to ! he>]s4 ,9 all _! conduct ,*ri/ians are to h two ma/]ful ?\ghts4 7#a7 ,!y are to ?9k ( ! div9e purpose ( ! ,holy ,gho/ :o has ent]$ into ! ,*ur* to 'seal' or m>k x z an elect body de/9$ = full r$emption f all evil1 9 body & s\l1 at ! climax ( ,god's deal+s1 ! la/ day4 ,! ,holy ,gho/1 ) all ,8 p]sonal love1 w be griev$ if we ?w>t ,8 ri* purpose = ! :ole body by any?+ :i* is contr>y to bro!rhood 9 ! ?\ghts ( our he>ts1 or ! words ( our lips1 or our outw>d conduct4 7#b7 ,!y are to rememb] ! div9e patt]n ( life4 ,god has %[n ,8 own he>t to u 9 ! free =giv5ess :i* ,he has giv5 u 9 ,*ri/4 ,be+ 9 con/ant receipt ( t =giv5ess1 we mu/ n prove ourselves h>d & un=giv+ t[>ds "o ano!r4 #ahh ,:]e=e1 putt+ away falsehood1 speak ye tru? ea* "o ) 8 neighb\r3 = we are memb]s "o ( ano!r4 ,be ye angry1 & s9 n3 let n ! sun g d[n ^u y\r wra?3 nei!r give place to ! devil4 ,let him t /ole /eal no m3 b r let him lab\r1 work+ ) 8 h&s ! ?+ t is good1 t he may h :]e( to give to him t ha? ne$4 ,let no corrupt spee* proce$ out ( y\r m\?1 b su* z is good = edify+ z ! ne$ may be1 t x may give grace to !m t he>4 ,& grieve n ! ,holy ,_s ( ,god1 9 :om ye 7 seal$ unto ! day ( r$emption4 ,let all bitt]ness1 & wra?1 & ang]1 & clam\r1 & rail+1 be put away f y1 ) all malice3 & be ye k9d "o to ano!r1 t5d]he>t$1 =giv+ ea* o!r1 ev5 z ,god also 9 ,*ri/ =gave y4 ,"h1 !n1 ,/4 ,paul sket*es ca?olicity 9 practice4 ,! v idea ( ! ,*ur* is t ( a fell[%ip ( naturally unlike individuals1 h>moniz$ into unity by ! new 'tru? & grace' ( ,god1 :i* has be5 made !irs 9 _! reg5]ate life4 ,x is ?is end[m5t ( ! reg5]ate life t is to enable !m to transc5d1 & ov]/ep1 & defeat natural incompatibilities ( temp]1 & to be "o body 9 ,*ri/4 ,! practical mean+ ( ca?olicity is bro!rhood4 ,x is love1 z ,/4 ,augu/9e says1 gr[n z wide z ! _w#f4 ,:y has ! _w lo/ ?is s5se ( ! #ahi moral mean+ ( ca?olic *ur*man%ip8 ,:y has 'ecclesia/ical' come to mean some?+ q diff]5t to 'bro!rly'8 ,or x is a m pr(itable "q to ask1 ,h[ %all we make x mean ! same ?+ aga98 ,!re are _m :o w\ld give up ! v ef=t aft] recov]+ ! *ur* pr9ciple1 ! obligation ( ! '"o body4' ,b ?is1 z has be5 said1 is to ab&on ! ultimate ca?olic pr9ciple ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,= ! v purpose ( ! "o *ur* = all ! m5 ( fai? 9 ,jesus1 is t ! necessity = belong+ to "o body--a necessity gr\nd$ on div9e appo9tm5t--%all =ce toge!r into a unity m5 ( all sorts & diff]5t k9ds2 & ! =ces ( ! new life :i* !y %>e 9 common are to ov]come _! natural repugnance & antipa?ies1 & to make ! =be>ance & love & mutual helpfulness :i* corporate life requires1 if n easy1 at lea/ possible = !m4 ,?is is ! pr9ciple :i* mu/ n be ab&on$4 ,we mu/ ass]t ! !ological pr9ciple ( ! ,*ur* because x is t & t alone :i* c impress on m5 practically ! obligation & possibility ( a ca?olic bro!rhood4 ,b x is folly to ass]t ! !ological tru? ( #aij *ur*man%ip1 & neglect its moral mean+4 ,q rec5tly ! bi%ops ( ! ,lambe? ,conf]5ce h /riv5 to impress anew ! e?ics ( *ur*man%ip ^u ! consci5ce ( ! fai?ful#g4 ,! pr9ciple ( bro!rhood mu/ act z a con/ant c\nt]poise to ! in/9ct ( competition4 ,! pr9ciple ( lab\r %[s t ! idle & selfi% are 'out ( place' 9 a ,*ri/ian community4 ,! pr9ciple ( ju/ice =ces u to recognize t ! true int]e/ ( ea* memb] ( ! body politic mu/ be consult$4 ,! pr9ciple ( public responsibility rem9ds u t ea* "o is 8 bro!r's keep]4 ,once m ! ,*ur* has be5 ar\s$ to its prophetic task ( 'b9d+' & 'loos+' ! consci5ces ( m5 9 reg>d specially to ^? matt]s :i* conc]n ! corporate life & ! relations ( classes to "o ano!r4 ,& we pray ,god t ! "w ( our bi%ops may n be 9 va94 ,:at we want is n m ,*ri/ians1 b1 mu* r1 bett] ,*ri/ians--t is to say1 ,*ri/ians :o h m p]ception ( :at ! moral ef=t requir$ = memb]%ip 9 ! ca?olic bro!rhood really is4 #aia ,no d\bt ! ne$$ social re=mation is ( va/ difficulty4 ,= in/ance1 "o :o contemplates our comm]cial relations 9 ! _w may inde$ be tempt$ to despair ( ! possibility ( recov]+ ! practical application to 'bus9ess' ( ! law ( tru?fulness2 & _m a "o :o is practically engag$ 9 comm]ce1 9 high] or l[] /ation1 f9ds t to act ^u ! law may involve some?+ l m>tyrdom4 ,b ! v mean+ ( div9e fai? is t we d1 9 spite ( all disc\ragem5ts1 hold t to be practicable :i* is ! w ( ,god2 & x is no?+ new 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity if at a crisis we ne$ '! blood ( m>tyrs'--or some?+ morally equival5t to _! blood--= 'a se$1' ! se$ ( a fre% gr[? ( ,*ri/ian corporate life4 ,no fre% />t wor? mak+ is possible )\t p]sonal sacrifices2 & to recov] any?+ resembl+ ,/4 ,paul's e?ical /&>d = ,*ri/ian society we ne$ inde$ a fre% />t4 ,b ! few ,tract>ians ( sixty ye>s ago by indu/ry1 pati5ce & pray] effect$ a k9d ( revolution 9 ! ,*ur* z a :ole2 & re=m]s ( ,*ri/ian social relations may ) ! same weapons--& ) no o!r--d ! l4 #a #a ,cor4 xii4 #be1 #bf4 #b ,ze*4 viii4 #af1 #ag4 #c ,ps4 iv4 #d1 accord+ to ! ,,lxx4 ,b ! ,engli% v]sion ',/& 9 awe & s9 n' is probably correct4 #d #b ,!ss4 iii4 #aj4 #e ,cf4 ,col4 iv4 #f3 ',let y\r spee* be always ) grace' or 'graci\sness'2 ,luke iv4 #bb3 'graci\s words'2 ,ps4 xlv4 #b3 ',grace is p\r$ into ?y lips'2 ,eccles4 x4 #ab3 ',! words ( a wise man's m\? are graci\s'2 ,ecclus4 xxi4 #af3 ',grace %all be f\nd 9 ! lips ( ! wise4' #f ,see app4 note ,f1 p4 #bga1 ,! ,e?ics ( ,ca?olicism4 #g ,see ,report ( ,lambe? ,conf]5ce1 #ahig4 ,s4,p4,c4,k41 pp4 #acf ff42 & app4 note ,g1 p4 #bgd4 #aib ,,division ,,ii4 #c4 ,,*apt] ,v4 #a-ad4 ,! ,*ri/ian life an imitation ( ,god & a life 9 ! light4 ,sid5ote3 ,! imitation ( ,god ,/4 ,paul has j sugge/$ ! ?\ght ( imitat+ ,god by ready =giv5ess4 ,& 9 fact "h--9 ! imitation ( ,god--is "o ( ! greate/ ( ! new ideas & motives :i* ,*ri/ianity supplies4 ,god has manife/$ ,himself 9 ,*ri/ "u human conditions4 ,he has translat$ ! unimag9able ,godhead into t]ms ( our own well-kn[n human nature4 ,= ,*ri/ is v man1 yet ,he is ! ,son ( ,god1 truly ,god1 & ,8 "* is ,god's "*4 ,= ! ,*ri/ian h5ce=? 9 a q new s5se ,god is imitable3 ,he c become a patt]n = actual human life4 ,z *ildr5 p>tly consci\sly & p>tly unconsci\sly imitate _! p>5ts1 s we ,*ri/ians z 'belov$ *ildr5' are to 'become imitators ( ,god4' ,& x is q pla9 :at ! "* ( #aic ,god z manife/$ 9 ,*ri/ is4 ,x is love2 & to imitate ,god is !re=e to 'walk 9 love1' t is1 to conduct "o's life ) love z its consci\s motive & atmosph]e4 ,moreov]1 ! love ( ,*ri/ is a love :i* %[s itself 9 self-sacrifice4 ',he (f]$ himself z an (f]+ & sacrifice to ,god on our behalf2 & ,god1 :o _h ( old made x pla9 by ,8 prophets t ,he c\ld f9d no satisfaction 9 animal victims1 accept$ 'z a sweet sav\r' ?is free-w (f]+ ( self-sacrific+ love4 ,9 ! self-sacrifice ( ,*ri/1 !re=e1 we h ! cle> disclosure bo? ( :at ,god is & ( :at ,god w accept f man4 ,b ?is ideal ( life z ly+ 9 love & 9 ! delib]ate self-sacrifice ( "o = ano!r is ! pla9 negation ( "s maxims = life g5]ally accept$ 9 hea!n society4 ,x is ! pla9 negation ( s5sual self-indulg5ce at ! exp5se ( o!rs1 or at ! exp5se ( our spiritual nature1 ( '=nication & uncleanness ( all k9ds1' ( fil?y conduct1 ( ! sort ( je/+ or wit :i* ignores all moral re/ra9ts4 ,x is ! pla9 negation aga9 ( selfi% gre$ or ! unlimit$ desire to get--'covet\sness4' ,^! ?+s are out ( ! "q = a body ( sa9ts1 t is1 m5 d$icat$ to a holy ,god4 #aid ,sid5ote3 ,life 9 ! light ,! tone & language :i* befits su* a d$icat$ life is ! tone & language ( ?anksgiv+4 ,b cle>ly ,asiatic ,*ri/ians 7 only too ready to =get ! ess5tial incompatibility ( _! new pr(ession ) ! old s9ful habits ar\nd !m4 ,s ,/4 ,paul emphasizes ',?is ye "k = c]ta9 t =nication or unclean liv+ on ! "o h&1 or ! turn+ ( ga9 into a god on ! o!r1 surely excludes a man f ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ & ,god#a4' ,& he reit]ates 'let no man deceive y ) empty words4' ,su* vices1 be+ 9 pla9 contradiction to ! div9e w1 make m5 subjects ( ! div9e wra?1 & = y ?is %\ld be />tl+ly pla94 ,y h be5 br\ght out ( ! realm ( d>kness ( :i* once y =m$ a "p1 into ! realm ( light1 ( :i* y n[ =m a "p1 ! realm ^: light is ,*ri/4 ,!re is no fell[%ip betwe5 ! light & ! d>kness#b4 ,to live 9 ! light means to br+ =? fruit ( goodness & righte\sness & tru?1 ! fruit ( a "* l ,*ri/'s4 ,= y h 9 ,*ri/ a def9ite /&>d by :i* y c te/ :at is well pleas+ to ! #aie ,"l4 ,x is y\r bus9ess1 !re=e1 to keep y\rselves altoge!r sep>ate f ! works ( d>kness :i* be> no fruit4 ,n only s1 b x is y\r bus9ess to 'reprove' or convict ! d>k _w ( s92 n1 ( c\rse1 by mak+ ! works ( d>kness ! subjects ( y\r curiosity & conv]sation--t inde$ mu/ n be--b simply by ! contra/ :i* y\r own lives pres5t4 ,9 ! light ( y\r lives ! secret %ame ( ! hea!n life w be unmask$4 ,& 9 be+ unmask$ ev5 ! works ( d>kness w !mselves become "p ( ! light4 ,to make su* ways ( liv+ attractive !y mu/ be cloak$ up 9 a deceitful glam\r4 ,once /ripp$ b>e & %[n 9 _! true "* !y tea* _! true lesson4 ,?us1 ! "o duty ( a man is to awake f ! old sleep ( dea?2 to sep>ate himself f ! morally dead _w & /& cle> 9 ! light ( ,*ri/4 ,& t is :at ! e>ly ,*ri/ian hymn1 :i* ,/4 ,paul cites1 0 cont9ually impress+ ^u ! ,*ri/ian consci5ce4 ,we may attempt to reproduce x 9 some?+ l its orig9al rhy?m ?us3-- ',be awak5$1 ?\ t sleepe/2 ,rise alive f out ! dead _w2 ,*ri/1 ! ,light1 %all %9e ^u !e4' #aif ,be ye !re=e imitators ( ,god1 z belov$ *ildr52 & walk 9 love1 ev5 z ,*ri/ also lov$ y1 & gave himself up = u1 an (f]+ & a sacrifice to ,god = an od\r ( a sweet smell4 ,b =nication1 & all uncleanness1 or covet\sness1 let x n ev5 be nam$ among y1 z become? sa9ts2 nor fil?9ess1 nor fooli% talk+1 or je/+1 :i* are n befitt+3 b r giv+ ( ?anks4 ,= ?is ye "k ( a surety1 t no =nicator1 nor unclean p]son1 nor covet\s man1 :i* is an idolat]1 ha? any inh]itance 9 ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ & ,god4 ,let no man deceive y ) empty words3 = because ( ^! ?+s come? ! wra? ( ,god ^u ! sons ( disob$i5ce4 ,be n ye !re=e p>tak]s ) !m2 = ye 7 once d>kness1 b are n[ light 9 ! ,"l3 walk z *ildr5 ( light 7= ! fruit ( ! light is 9 all goodness & righte\sness & tru?71 prov+ :at is well-pleas+ unto ! ,"l2 & h no fell[%ip ) ! unfruitful works ( d>kness1 b r ev5 reprove !m2 = ! ?+s :i* are done by !m 9 secret x is a %ame ev5 to speak (4 ,b all ?+s :5 !y are reprov$ are made manife/ by ! light3 = ev]y?+ t is made manife/ is light4 ,:]e=e he sai?1 ,awake1 ?\ t sleepe/1 & arise f ! dead1 & ,*ri/ %all %9e ^u !e4 ,?ree po9ts may be notic$ 9 ?is *>act]i/ic exhortation3-- #a4 ,! /rife ( light & d>kness4 ,! victory ( ! ris+ sun & its surr5d] at ev5+ to ! d>kness2 ! obscur+ ( ! light ?r\gh eclipse or mi/ & its recov]y--^! #aig univ]sal appe>ances pres5t !mselves naturally to human consci5ces ev]y:]e z be+ exp]i5ces analog\s to ! moral /rife )9 betwe5 good & evil4 ,light is ?us ! univ]sal symbol ( good1 & d>kness ( evil4 ,! symbolism passes out ( e>ly native my?s into ! spiritual phraseology ( _m religions2 b especially into ^? ( ! ,p]sians & ! ,jews4 ',9 ?y light %all we see light' is ! cry ( ! dev\t he>t t[>ds ,god4 ,& ! :ole ( ,*ri/ian language is possess$ by ! symbolism4 ,*ri/ is '! light ( ! _w'3 ,8 disciples are '! *ildr5 ( light1' !y are to be clo!d 9 '! arm\r ( light1' ba!d 9 '! light ( ! glori\s ,gospel'3 !y are ! *ildr5 ( ! ,god :o 'dwelle? 9 ! light :i* no man c approa* unto'3 :o 'is light & 9 :om is no d>kness at all4' ,/4 ,paul1 l ,/4 ,john1 specially loves ! metaphor ( light4 ,& x is some:at />tl+ to notice h[ diff]5t is 8 conception ( enlight5m5t f t common 9 mod]n times1 or inde$1 f t held 9 ! s*ools ( philosophy ( 8 own day or by ! ,gno/ics j aft] him4 ,?is latt] class ( m51 :o c be tak5 z typical ( _m o!rs at v #aih diff]5t epo*s1 meant by '! enlight5$' a select few :o _h a special capacity = intellectual ab/raction & contemplation1 & :o by su* qualities ( ! intellect 7 believ$ to atta9 to a k ( ,god :i* 0 beyond ! rea* ( ! ord9>y m5 ( fai?4 ,b ,/4 ,paul1 foll[+ 8 ,ma/]1 is q c]ta9 t ! root ( true enlight5m5t lies 9 ! w & he>t4 ,! love ( ! light is fir/ ( all simply ! pure desire = goodness2 & any?+ t is n ?is fir/ ( all is a c\nt]feit & a %am4 ,& ! true enlight5m5t is ?us n ! privilege ( a few1 b is op5 to all :o w come to ,*ri/4 ',:]e is ! wise8 :]e is ! scribe8 :]e is ! disput] ( ?is _w8 ,ha? n ,god made fooli% ! wisdom ( ?is _w8 ,= see+ t 9 ! wisdom ( ,god ! _w ?r\gh its wisdom knew n ,god1 x 0 ,god's good pleasure1 ?r\gh ! fooli%ness ( ! prea*+1 to save !m t believe4' ',if any man ?9ke? t he is wise among y 9 ?is _w1 let him become a fool t he may become wise4 ,= ! wisdom ( ?is _w is fooli%ness ) ,god#c4' ,?is language s\nds viol5t2 b ,i d\bt if _m ?9k+ m5 c\ld n[ be f\nd #aii to d\bt t ! way op5$ by ! 'fooli%ness ( ! gospel prea*+' 0 a way ( light = ! _w comp>$ to :i* ! way ( ! contempor>y philosoph]s 0 d>kness & delusion4 ,! arrogant wisdom ( ! contempor>y ',h]acleitus' w\ld h provid$ no real light at all = ! ,ephesians :om he d5\nc$4 ,a fre% />t 0 want$ = man1 & ! fre% />t 0 prim>ily 9 ! life ( ! consci5ce & he>t4 ,on ! o!r h& nei!r ,/4 ,paul1 nor any ( ! ,new ,te/am5t writ]s1 c be accus$ ( ! sort ( obscurantism to :i* ! lat] ,*ur* has (t5 fall5 a victim4 ,"o _c ev5 conceive ,/4 ,paul d5\nc+ free inquiry1 or cloak+ up f free inve/igation ! title-de$s ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,8 love ( ! light--ev5 ) all ! dang]s t ! light has--l 8 love ( fre$om1 is frank & real4 ,if we come d[n to our own "t1 !re is no d\bt a great deal ( contempor>y 'enlight5m5t' t ,/4 ,paul w\ld h pron\nc$ spuri\s4 ,he w\ld nev] surely h disp>ag$ intellectual inquiry or free sci5tific rese>*3 b he w\ld h cont9ually emphasiz$ t no "o 0 really enlight5$ ^: w & he>t 0 n "r ) ,god4 #bjj ,to h a sci5tific k ( facts is by comp>ison sup]ficial2 & worse ?an sup]ficial is ! %>pness & worldly clev]ness :i* cont9ually boa/s ( be+ 'wide awake' & 'up to date4' ,x is possible to be awake & enlight5$ 9 ! speculative & practical intellig5ce3 to be awake & enlight5$ 9 ! region ( ! s5ses3 & yet to be asleep & 9 ! d>k 9 ! region ( ! w & consci5ce t[>ds ,god4 ,& !re lies ! true he>t ( manhood4 ,x is possible ev5 to be enlight5$ ab\t evil & 9 ! d>k z reg>ds goodness4 ,b ,/4 ,paul hates curiosity ab\t ! ways & me?ods ( s94 ',i w\ld1' he says1 'h y wise unto t :i* is good1 & simple unto t :i* is evil#d4' ,take he$ t ! light t is 9 !e be n d>kness4 ,?is curiosity ab\t s9 is a delusion :i* has sometimes a /range hold on "s :o w\ld s]ve ,god4 ,b !y mu/ recognize t ! only ,*ri/ian me?od ( 'convict+ ! _w ( s9' is by 'convict+ x ( righte\sness4' ,innoc5ce has a p[] :i* sometimes is /rangely und]rat$4 ,we may pause = a mom5t long] to dwell on ! beauty ( ,/4 ,paul's ideal ( ,*ri/ianity #bja z a life 9 ! light4 ,x has ev]y?+ to ga9 & no?+ to lose by disclosure4 ,x has no ne$ to cloak itself4 ,x c be frank ) itself & ! _w4 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 s9 is a great fraud & delusion z well z a great disob$i5ce4 ,x dwells 9 a region ( lies & excuses & concealm5ts2 x hides f itself & f ! _w its true "* & true issues4 ,=1 9 fact1 x is n only 9 itself f\l & rebelli\s1 b x is 9 its issues fruitless4 ,x leads to no?+3 x produces no?+3 x t5ds only to decay or corruption ( m9d & body1 :ile goodness is only ano!r t]m = life & fruitfulness4 ,life1 & ! production ( life1 is ! good1 & x belongs to ! light2 on ! contr>y1 :at h9d]s or de/roys life goes aga9/ ,god & belongs to ! d>kness4 ,?is is a judgem5t :i* mis-call$ disciples ( ,mal?us 9 our day w\ld d well to rememb]4 ,x is n f too mu* life t ! _w is suff]+1 b f corrupt & p]v]t$ life4 ,:at we want to secure is n a limit to ! population1 b ! br++ up ( *ildr5 9 heal? & simple liv+1 9 ! nurture & admonition ( ! ,"l4 #b4 ,/4 ,paul1 9 "s passages ( 8 epi/les1 uses v /rongly 'univ]sali/' phrases4 ,he #bjb has spok5 to ! ,ephesians ( br++ all ?+s 9 heav5 & e>? aga9 into a div9e unity 9 ,*ri/4 ,& to ! ,cor9?ians he spoke ( a "t :5 ,god %\ld be 'all ?+s 9 all4' ,x is1 !re=e1 all ! m noticeable t :5 he comes to speak ( ! de/9y ( evil m5 he does n (f] !m any hope if !y p]si/ 9 _! evil1 b w>ns !m t moral evil utt]ly & :olly excludes f ! k+dom ( ,god3 & he appe>s to be n at all anxi\s to reconcile ?is w>n+ z to ! et]nal consequ5ces ( wilful evil ) :at he has said 9 o!r connexions z to ! f9al inclusion ( all ?+s 9 a great unity4 ,8 example w\ld tea* u to aim at be+ true to ! :ole tru? r ?an at atta9+ a premature complet5ess or consi/5cy ( k ab\t a _w 9 reg>d to :i* we only '"k 9 "p4' ',yea1 ! m "p ( ,god's works are hid#e4' #c4 ,we _c fail to notice h[ con/antly ,/4 ,paul associates lawless lu/ ) lawless grasp+ at money or ! goods ( o!r m5--gre$9ess or av>ice4 ,?is has l$ "s to suppose t ! ,greek ^w = gre$9ess is really int5d$ to mean lu/ 9 its grasp+ #bjc "*4 ,b ?is is a mi/ake4 ,! words are associat$ p>tly1 no d\bt1 because lu/ s (t5 involves an 'ov]rea*+ & wrong+ our bro!rs#f' ( _! j rights2 b mu* m because ! lawless grasp+ aft] ga9 & ! lawless grasp+ aft] pleasure are ! two great p]v]sions ( ! human s\l4 ,pleasure & mammon are ! two typical idols4 #a ,possibly ?is expression means '! k+dom ( ,him :o is at once ,*ri/ & ,god4' #b #b ,cor4 vi4 #ad4 #c #a ,cor4 i4 #bj1 #ba2 iii4 #ah4 #d ,rom4 xvi4 #ai4 #e ,ecclus4 xvi4 #ba4 #f #a ,!ss4 iv4 #f4 #bjd ,,division ,,ii4 #d4 ,,*apt] ,v4 #ae-ba4 ,! ,*ri/ian life a zeal\s & delib]ate seiz+ ( ! opportunity af=d$ by surr\nd+ moral evils4 ,sid5ote3 ,buy+ up ! opportunity ,! ,*ri/ian /&s awake & 9 ! light4 ,he has a vantage-gr\nd ( spiritual k1 & ! opportunity af=d$ by ?is vantage-gr\nd he is to use4 ,he is n to live at r&om b is to fa%ion 8 life ) delib]ate circumspection & prud5ce 9 ord] to make ! be/ ( ! spiritual opportunity1 j z ! m]*ant clev]ly seizes & uses to 8 own advantage a p>ticul> comm]cial situation4 ,:at gives ! ,*ri/ian 8 spiritual opportunity is ! corruption :i* surr\nds him4 ,( t corruption ,/4 ,paul has already said en\gh4 ,! result ( x 0 to leave :atev] 0 good 9 man disconsolate & ill at ease4 ,! exhibition ( ! ,*ri/ian light amid/ su* surr\nd+s c\ld n b arre/ m5's att5tion & attract #bje _! he>ts4 ,& if we want to be in=m$1 9 great] detail1 h[ to buy up ! opportunity1 ,/4 ,paul's answ] is ?reefold4 ,fir/1 !re mu/ be a positive appreh5sion ( ! div9e w 9 p>ticul> cases su* z qualifies = decisive action4 ',be n fooli%1 b und]/& :at ! w ( ! ,"l is4' ,?is is ! sort ( wisdom :i* enables a man to d :at our ,"l expects ( spiritual lead]s1 to 'disc]n ! "t4' ,x is a r>e quality b1 accord+ to ! measure ( ! gift ( ,*ri/ to ea*1 x is atta9$ by spiritual ?\ghtfulness1 s+lem9d$ness1 & pray]4 ,secondly1 !re is to be a /rong & sociable en?usiasm1 express+ itself 9 un9t]rupt$ joy1 & bas$ ^u deep draughts ( ! div9e ,_s4 ,9 ,/4 ,paul's day1 z 9 our own1 m5 w\ld seek escape f ! dullness ( life & its s5se ( isolation 9 ! excitem5t & fell[%ip :i* comes ( intoxicat+ dr9k4 ,o!r =ms ( m5tal intoxication 7 provid$ at ,ephesus by a s5sual religi\s en?usiasm4 ,/4 ,paul w\ld h ! ,*ri/ians confront su* lawless excitem5t n m]ely ) ! spectacle ( discipl9e & self-re/ra9t1 b also ) a c\nt]-en?usiasm1 pur] b n less /rong4 ,*ri/ians are to f9d an #bjf excitem5t z /rong z drunk5ness1 & a fell[%ip z w>m z is to be f\nd 9 any b& ( revell]s1 9 deep draughts ( ! w9e ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ',be n drunk5 ) w9e :]e9 is riot1 b be fill$ ) ! ,_s1 speak+ "o to ano!r 9 psalms#a & hymns & spiritual songs 7su* z ! "o he has j quot$71 s++ & mak+ melody ) y\r he>ts to ! ,"l4' ,la/ly1 !re is to be a _s ( submission1 mutual accommodation & ord]4 ,! disciples are to 'subject !mselves "o to ano!r 9 ! fe> ( ,*ri/4' ,!y are1 z ,/4 ,pet] says#b1 to be girt ea* "o ) ! apron ( s]vice to m9i/] to "o ano!r's ne$s1 kn[+ _! responsibility to ,*ri/1 & h[ ,he looks = ob$i5ce & s]vice 9 all m54 ,en?usiasm is apt to be lawless1 b ! en?usiasm ( ! ,*ri/ians is to be ! en?usiasm ( an organiz$ body4 ,x 0 said ( old ( ! m5 ( ,issa*>1 :o ga!r$ r\nd ! /&>d ( ,david#c1 t !y _h 'und]/&+ ( ! times to "k :at ,israel ought #bjg to d2 ! heads ( !m 7 two hundr$1 & all _! bre?r5 7 at _! comm&m5t4' ,a simil> _s ( practical religi\s und]/&+1 ) a simil> read9ess to obey _! lead]s1 is :at ,/4 ,paul desires 9 ! new ,israel to d ! "w ( ! true ,son ( ,david4 ,a temp] !n ( cle> positive und]/&+ z to :at ,god wills to be done 9 ! imm$iate future1 fir$ by an ard5t & sociable en?usiasm1 & associat$ ) a dis9t]e/$ read9ess to obey "o ano!r 9 practical affairs--?is is :at ,/4 ,paul means by 'look+ c>efully h[ we walk'2 & x is wor? :ile notic+ t ,/4 ,paul's conception ( c>efulness leads 9 a direction q oppos$ to m]e timor\s & negative prud5ce4 ,exhortations n to be ra%1 b to 'look be=e y leap1' are v commonly giv5 by ! wise4 ,b x does n seem to be g5]ally rememb]$ t1 at lea/ 9 ! s]vice ( ,god1 mo/ m5 err by excess n ( ra%ness b ( caution1 & 'look' s long t !y nev] 'leap4' ,truly if ra%ness has sla9 its ?\s&s1 irresolution has sla9 its t5 ?\s&s4 ,! _s ,/4 ,paul w\ld h u cultivate is n ?is c[>dly mis-call$ wisdom1 b r ! _s ( ! ideal soldi]1 ( ! 'happy w>rior4' ,no?+1 #bjh 9 fact1 c\ld be m fasc9at+ ?an ! picture ,/4 ,paul "h draws ( ! ,*ri/ian community4 ,he has a vision ( a pure bro!rly en?usia/ic society1 fulfill$ ) a div9e life1 & attract+ into its w>m & com=table fell[%ip ! isolat$1 we>y1 hopeless1 & s9-/a9$ f ! cold d>k _w outside4 ,look !re=e c>efully h[ ye walk1 n z unwise1 b z wise2 r$eem+ ! "t1 because ! days are evil4 ,:]e=e be ye n fooli%1 b und]/& :at ! w ( ! ,"l is4 ,& be n drunk5 ) w9e1 :]e9 is riot1 b be fill$ ) ! ,_s2 speak+ "o to ano!r 9 psalms & hymns & spiritual songs1 s++ & mak+ melody ) y\r he>t to ! ,"l2 giv+ ?anks always = all ?+s 9 ! "n ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ to ,god1 ev5 ! ,fa!r2 subject+ y\rselves "o to ano!r 9 ! fe> ( ,*ri/4 ,/4 ,paul's exhortation to 'buy up ! opportunity because ! days are evil' f9ds fre% application 9 e g5]ation4 ,= ea* g5]ation ! 'days are evil1' & good m5 always feel !m to be s4 ,n necess>ily t !y are evil by comp>ison ) o!r days1 = ! 'good old times' c]ta9ly nev] exi/$1 & x is n (t5 possible to balance ! evils ( "o age aga9/ ^? ( ano!r4 ,x is en\gh #bji = u to und]/& '! ills we h4' ,:at !y are 9 our own g5]ation is conspicu\s en\gh4 ,9 "p !y are ! normal evils ( selfi%ness1 & s5suality1 & pride1 & weakness2 ( divisions ( races & classes1 & p]sonal un*>ity4 ,9 "p !y are special3 ,i w n make any g5]al attempt to *>act]ize !m "h4 ,b x is probably true to say t1 among o!r *>act]i/ics :i* our g5]ation exhibits1 is a lack ( great en?usiasms & /rong convictions & inspir+ lead]s4 ,lit]ature1 philosophy1 & politics are alike lack+ 9 a cle> moral impulse4 ',causes' are at a disc\nt4 ,m5 are disillusioniz$4 ,x is a 'f9 de sicle' by "s bett] title ?an a *ronological mi/ake4 ,x is ?is *>act]i/ic ( ! mom5t t ought to give ! ,*ur* its opportunity4 ,at pres5t %e l>gely fails to take x because %e lacks conc5tration )9 h] own body4 ,! true disciples1 ! fai?ful remnant1 exi/ 9 e place1 b !y are lo/ 9 ! cr[d4 ,!y ne$ to be drawn toge!r if !y are to make an impression4 ,a vigor\s fai?1 & ! confid5t hope = humanity :i* a vigor\s fai? begets1 7 nev] bett] calculat$ ?an !y are to-day to produce a "r moral impression on ! _w1 ow+ to ! #baj m]e abs5ce ( rival en?usiasms4 ,we c supply :at is want$ if only ev]y:]e we w cultivate s9c]ity & en?usiasm r ?an numb]s1 & aim at =m+ /rong c5tres ( spiritual life1 r ?an a weak uni=m diffusion ( x4 #a ,/4 ,paul is 9 "p ref]r+ to ! habit ( responsive or antiphonal *ant+1 :i* ,pl9y1 ! gov]nor ( ,bi?ynia1 reports z *>act]i/ic ( ! ,*ri/ians half a c5tury lat]--'to s+ responsively 7secum invicem7 a hymn to ,*ri/ z a ,god4' #b #a ,pet4 v4 #e4 #c #a ,*ron4 xii4 #cb4 #baa ,,division ,,ii4 #e4 ,,*apt]s ,v4 #bb-,,vi4 #i4 ,! relation ( husb&s & wives3 p>5ts & *ildr53 ma/]s & s]vants4 ,sid5ote3 ,! law ( subord9ation ,/4 ,paul m5tions submission z requir$1 9 a s5se1 f all ,*ri/ians t[>ds all o!rs--'submitt+ y\rselves "o to ano!r4' ,b x is pla9 t 9 any community1 & mo/ ( all 9 a ,*ri/ian community :]e ord] is a div9e pr9ciple1 "s w be specially '"u au?ority'3 & accord+ly ,/4 ,paul applies 8 g5]al maxim to ?ree classes 9 p>ticul>--wives t[>ds _! husb&s1 *ildr5 t[>ds _! p>5ts1 slaves t[>ds _! ma/]s4 ,b 9 mak+ ^! applications ( ! law ( ob$i5ce1 he enl>ges 8 subject by includ+ ! c\nt]-balanc+ pr9ciple ( ! duty ( self-sacrific+ love on ! "p ( ^? 9 au?ority2 s t he treats n "o side ( ! relation only b bo?4 #bab ,a4 ,,husb&s ,,& ,,wives4 7,v4 #bb-cc47 ,sid5ote3 ,husb&s & wives ,wives are to be subord9ate to _! husb&s z to ! ,"l4 ,j z ! div9e fa!rhood is ! gr\nd ( all l[] fa!rhood1 s ! au?ority ( ! "o great ,head is ! gr\nd 9 all l[] head%ips1 & ea* 9 its place is to be accept$ z ! %ad[ ( ,84 ,?us ! husb&'s head%ip ov] 8 wife is ! %ad[ ( ,*ri/'s head%ip ov] ! *ur*1 & t expla9s ( :at sort ! husb&'s au?ority %\ld be4 ,= ,*ri/'s rule is a rule = ! advantage ( ! rul$4 ,he rules ! *ur* z ,himself its savi\r or deliv]] f bondage1 & ! ^w 'savi\r' is full ( associations ( self-sacrific+ love4 ,s mu/ x be ) a ,*ri/ian husb&4 ,b ,*ri/ is n m]ely a head to ! *ur*4 ,he too is a husb&4 ,?is idea ( ,god z ! husb& ( ,8 p--an idea :i* express$ bo? ,8 *oice ( !m1 ,8 love = !m1 & ,8 jeal\s claim ^u !m--is famili> 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ',?y ,mak] is ?y husb&4' ',i am a husb& unto y1 sai? ! ,"l#a4' ,& x is probable1 z ,dr4 ,*eyne sugge/s1 't ! s-call$ ,song ( ,solomon 0 admitt$ into ! canon #bac on ! gr\nd t ! bride ( ! poem symboliz$ ! *os5 p#b4' ,b 9 a ,*ri/ian s5se ! idea ga9s a fre% mean+4 ',we t are jo9$ unto ! ,"l are ( "o _s' ) ,him#c4 ,we are ! 'memb]s ( 8 body'2 &1 z draw+ our life f ,8 manhood1 we may be ev5 said to be1 l ,eve f ,adam1 '( 8 fle% & ( 8 bones#d4' ,*ri/ !n is1 9 ?is ri*ness ( mean+1 ! husb& ( ! *ur*4 ,/4 ,paul seems fur!r to describe ?is relation ( ,*ri/ to ! *ur* "u ! figure ( ?ree m>riage cu/oms4 ,! husb& fir/ acquires ! object ( 8 affection z 8 bride by a d[ry3 !n by a ba? ( purification ! bride is prep>$ = ! husb&3 f9ally %e is pres5t$ to him 9 bridal beauty4 ,accord+ly ,*ri/1 because ,he lov$ ! *ur*1 fir/ 'gave himself = h]'2 & we may int]pret ?is phrase 9 ! light ( ano!r us$ by ,/4 ,paul 9 8 spee* to ! ,ephesian eld]s1 :]e ! *ur* is spok5 ( z 'pur*as$' or #bad 'acquir$#e' by ,*ri/'s blood4 ,hav+ ?us acquir$ ! ,*ur* = ,8 bride1 ,he secondly 'cleans$ h] 9 ! lav]#f ( wat] ) ! ^w'3 & t1 9 ord] t ,he might 'sanctify h]' & s f9ally 'pres5t ! *ur* to himself a glori\s *ur*1 n hav+ spot or wr9kle or any su* ?+2 b t x %\ld be holy & )\t blemi%4' ,?is ?reefold /atem5t has great !ological int]e/ :i* we w consid] %ortly4 ,"h we w simply let x /&1 z ,/4 ,paul uses x1 to exhibit ,*ri/ z ! ideal husb&1 ! patt]n = e husb&4 ,love = 8 bride2 self-sacrifice 9 ord] to w9 h]2 & ! delib]ate aim+ at moral p]fection = h] ?r\gh ! bridal union--t is ! law = him4 ,! wife1 accord+ to ! orig9al div9e pr9ciple1 is to be "p ( ! man's self--"o fle% ) him4 ,he mu/ love h] truly & c>e = h] z 8 own fle%4 ,?is 'my/]y1' or div9e secret reveal$1 is great1 ,/4 ,paul says2 'b 9 say+ ?is ,i am ?9k+ ( ,*ri/ & 8 *ur*4' ,?is seems to be ! exact =ce ( v]se #cb4 ,9 o!r words--?is div9e disclosure ( ! relation ( ,god to man1 z realiz$ 9 ! m>riage ( ,*ri/ & ,8 *ur*1 is inde$ great & l(ty4 #bae ,b1 ,/4 ,paul cont9ues 9 effect1 great & l(ty z x is1 x is a practical patt]n = u4 ,d ye also1 z ,*ri/ ! *ur*1 sev]ally love ea* "o 8 own wife ev5 z himself1 & let ! wife see t %e fe> 7i4e4 rev]5ce & fe> to displease7 h] husb&1 ev5 z ! *ur* /&s 9 holy awe ( ,*ri/4 ,wives1 be 9 subjection unto y\r own husb&s1 z unto ! ,"l4 ,= ! husb& is ! head ( ! wife1 z ,*ri/ also is ! head ( ! *ur*1 be+ himself ! savi\r ( ! body4 ,b z ! *ur* is subject to ,*ri/1 s let ! wives also be to _! husb&s 9 ev]y?+4 ,husb&s1 love y\r wives1 ev5 z ,*ri/ also lov$ ! *ur*1 & gave himself up = x2 t he might sanctify x1 hav+ cleans$ x by ! wa%+ ( wat] ) ! ^w1 t he might pres5t ! *ur* to himself a glori\s *ur*1 n hav+ spot or wr9kle or any su* ?+2 b t x %\ld be holy & )\t blemi%4 ,ev5 s ought husb&s also to love _! own wives z _! own bodies4 ,he t love? 8 own wife love? himself3 = no man ev] hat$ 8 own fle%2 b n\ri%e? & *]i%e? x1 ev5 z ,*ri/ also ! *ur*2 because we are memb]s ( 8 body4 ,= ?is cause %all a man leave 8 fa!r & "m1 & %all cleave to 8 wife2 & ! twa9 %all become "o fle%4 ,?is my/]y is great3 b ,i speak 9 reg>d ( ,*ri/ & ( ! *ur*4 ,nev]!less d ye also sev]ally love ea* "o 8 own wife ev5 z himself2 & let ! wife see t %e fe> h] husb&4 ,!re are sev]al po9ts "h :i* ne$ consid]ation4 #baf #a4 ,!re is a ri* !ology 9 ,/4 ,paul's brief description ( ! relation ( ,*ri/ to ! *ur*4 ,fir/1 !re is ,*ri/'s love = ! *ur* :i* involves a purpose ( entire sanctification = h]2 !n !re is sacrifice1 ! sacrifice ( ,himself1 = h]2 !n !re is ! baptismal purification ( ! *ur* to fit h] = ,*ri/1 :i* is 9 fact no?+ else ?an ! baptismal purification ( all ! individual memb]s ( ! ,*ri/ian body2 & ?is is also1 z ,/4 ,paul else:]e tea*es1 ! means to !m ( new life by union ) ,himself4 ,x is _! cleans+ ba? because !re9 !y are 'baptiz$ into ,*ri/4' 7,"h1 we notice1 ! analogy ( ! m>riage cu/om breaks d[n3 :at is 9 ! m>riage c]emonies only a wa%+ prep>atory to union1 is 9 ! spiritual c\nt]p>t also ! act ( union4 ,baptism is bo? ! ab&onm5t ( ! old & union ) ! new47 ,la/ly1 !re is ! f9al pres5tation by ,*ri/ ( ! *ur* to ,himself 9 s9less1 /a9less p]fection4 ,we obs]ve t ,*ri/'s sacrifice is reg>d$ by ,/4 ,paul z prep>atory & relative4 ,he b\ght ! *ur* by ! sacrifice ( ,himself to obta9 unimp$$ rights ov] h]1 because ,he lov$ h] & 9 ord] to make h] morally #bag p]fect4 ,! atonem5t has its value because x is ! removal ( ! ob/acles to ,*ri/ work+ ,8 positive moral "w 9 h]4 ,we obs]ve aga9 t ! sacrifice ( ,*ri/ is spok5 ( z (f]$ = ! *ur*1 n = ! _w4 ,*ri/ does inde$ 'w t all m5 %all be sav$'3 ,he did inde$ 'take away1' or take up & expiate1 '! s9 ( ! _w' 9 its totality#g4 ,b ! div9e me?od is t m5 %all atta9 _! salvation z 'memb]s ( ,*ri/'s body4' ,?us1 if ,*ri/'s ultimate object 9 ! div9e sacrifice is ! _w3 ,8 imm$iate object is ! *ur* ?r\gh :i* ,he acts ^u ! _w & into :i* ,he calls e man4 ',i pray1' ,he said1 'n = ! _w1 b = !m :om ?\ ha/ giv5 me4' ',he gave himself = u t he might r$eem u 444 & purify unto himself a p = 8 own possession#h4' ,once m we notice 9 ?is passage a significant h9t z to ,/4 ,paul's conception ( baptism4 ,!re is no d\bt ( ! spiritual efficacy :i* he assigns to x4 ,& we obs]ve 9 g]m a doctr9e ( 'matt]' & '=m' 9 connexion ) ! sacram5ts4 ,baptism is a 'wa%+ ( wat]' accompani$ by a '^w4' ,! ^w #bah or utt]ance :i* ,/4 ,paul ref]s to may be ! =mula ( baptism 'into ! "n ( ! ,fa!r & ( ! ,son & ( ! ,holy ,gho/1' or ! '^w ( fai?' ( :i* confession is made by ! p]son to be baptiz$--! confession t ',jesus is ! ,"l#i'2 b 9 ei!r case ! ^w gives ! rational int]pretation to ! act4 ,x sets ap>t :at w\ld be o!rwise l any o!r act ( wa%+1 & /amps x = a spiritual & holy purpose4 ',take away ! ^w1 & :at is ! wat] b m]e wat]8 ,! ^w is sup]add$ to ! natural elem5t & x becomes a sacram5t4' ,s says ,/4 ,augu/9e#aj1 9 ! _s ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,?is is :at is meant by ! lat] !ological t]m '=m#aa1' ! '=m' be+ t :i* diff]5tiates or det]m9es %apeless 'matt]' & makes x h a c]ta9 significance or gives x a c]ta9 "*4 ,?us ! =m ( a sacram5t is ! ^w ( div9e appo9tm5t :i* gives x spiritual significance2 & ! =m & matt] toge!r are ess5tial to its validity4 ,! matt] ( baptism is ! wa%+ by wat]3 ! =m is ! def9+ phrase ',i #bai baptize 7or wa%7 !e into ! "n ( ! ,fa!r & ( ! ,son & ( ! ,holy ,gho/4' ,la/ly1 we notice t ! spiritual union ( ,*ri/ & ,8 *ur*1 ?\gh x is p]fect 9 ! div9e int5tion f ! fir/1 is 9 fact only consummat$ at ! po9t :]e ! *ur* is fre$ f ! imp]fection ( s9 & has become ! /a9less c\nt]p>t ( ,*ri/ ,himself4 ,! love ( ,*ri/--! removal ( ob/acles to ,8 love by aton+ sacrifice--! act ( spiritual purification--! gradual sanctification--! consummat$ union 9 glory3 ^! are ! mom5ts ( ! div9e process ( r$emption1 view$ f ! side ( ,*ri/1 :i* ,/4 ,paul specifies4 #b4 ,we come back to ,/4 ,paul's conception ( m>riage to dissipate misconceptions4 ,x is inde$ absurd to speak z if ,/4 ,paul 71 9 ?is passage1 ma9ly emphasiz+ ! subjection ( ! woman1 :e!r ?is be done f ! cons]vative side 'to keep wom5 9 _! place'3 or f ! po9t ( view ( ^? :o desire h] emancipation1 9 ord] to repres5t ,/4 ,paul1 & s ,*ri/ianity z a :ole1 z giv+ to wom5 a s]vile position4 ,ov] aga9/ ! subjection ( wom51 he sets1 & inde$ gives m space to emphasize1 ! self-sacrifice #bbj & s]vice :i* is due to h] f ! man4 ,y _c te> ! "o f ! o!r4 ,l ,/4 ,pet] s ,/4 ,paul w\ld h ! husb& 'give hon\r to ! wife--z to ! weak] vessel' inde$1 b also z 'jo9t heir ( ! grace ( life#ab4' ,9 ess5tial spiritual value m5 & wom5 are equal4 ',9 ,*ri/ is nei!r male nor female4' ,/4 ,*ryso/om rightly bases on ?is passage a p[]ful appeal to husb&s to ov]come _! selfi%ness 9 _! relation to _! wives4 ,!re is no?+ s]vile 9 ! subord9ation requir$ ( ! woman#ac4 ,if '! husb& is ! head ( ! wife1 ! head ( ! husb& is ,*ri/1 & ! head ( ,*ri/ is ,god4' ,*ri/ ev5 is subord9ate4 ,& ! "* ( ! head%ip ( ! husb& #bba altoge!r excludes ! idea t wom5 are to be m>ri$ 9 ord] to s]ve m5's selfi% int]e/s or gratify _! passions4 ,!n we mu/ notice t ,/4 ,paul is impress+ ^u u a moral ideal ( :i* ! two p>ts are insep>able4 ,/4 ,paul says no?+ to indicate t :]e ! relations are n ideal--:]e ! husb& is selfi% or brutal--law %\ld n /ep 9 to protect ! int]e/s ( ! wife & secure h] aga9/ ! insults or cruelties or frauds ( ! husb&4 ,he is express+ a moral ideal#ad2 :ile law mu/ be l>gely cont5t ) prev5t+ outrage & secur+ a backgr\nd on :i* ideals c become possible4 ,& j z ,/4 ,paul tells ,*ri/ians t !y are to obey magi/rates z ,god's m9i/]s--leav+ x to be und]/ood t :5 !y comm& :at is contr>y to ,god's w1 'we ought to obey ,god r ?an m5'2 s 9 ! same way he speaks ( ! wife's 7or *ild's or slave's7 duty ( subjection1 leav+ a simil> res]vation likewise to be tacitly und]/ood4 ,ob$i5ce is to be '9 ! ,"l4' #c4 ,b no d\bt ,/4 ,paul does emphasize ! subord9ation ( wom5 to m54 ,he w #bbb n ord9>ily#ae p]mit ! woman 'to tea* 79 ! public assembly7 nor to h dom9ion ov] a man#af4' ,he cle>ly does n ?9k ! diff]5ce ( male & female is m]ely physical1 b p]ceives t ! *>act]i/ic moral p]ils ( ! sexes#ag are diff]5t3 he assigns to man ! gov]n+ & au?oritative position1 & to woman ! m retir$ & 'quiet]#ah' functions4 ,x may inde$ be argu$ t 9 c]ta9 details ,/4 ,paul's injunctions are = 8 "t only1 & no m ( p]petual obligation ?an 8 prohibition ( second m>riages to ! cl]gy is assum$ to be1 or 8 quasi-recognition ( slav]y4 ,b ?is argum5t c>ries u b a little way4 ,! mo/ ( :at ,/4 ,paul says ( m5 & wom5 is bas$ on a pr9ciple :i* he conceives to be div9e1 & :i* all hi/ory & exp]i5ce confirms4 ,! position ( wom5 9 ,*ri/5dom has (t5 fall5 f> %ort ( :at is truly ,*ri/ian3 b no attempt$ rectification w be f\nd o!rwise ?an disa/r\s :i* ignores ! fundam5tal pr9ciple4 ,all ?r\gh ! animal k+dom m5tal diff]5ces accompany ! physiological diff]5ce betwe5 ! sexes4 ,exp]i5ce tea*es #bbc t wom51 z a :ole1 are sup]ior to m5 9 c]ta9 moral qualities--9 self-sacrifice1 sympa?y1 purity1 & compassion1 & 9 religi\s feel+1 rev]5ce & devotion3 b inf]ior to !m 9 ! moral qualities :i* are conc]n$ ) gov]nm5t--9 ju/ice1 love ( tru? & judgem5t1 9 /ability & reasonabl5ess4 ,intellectually wom5 h v (t5 great] quickness ( appreh5sion & memory1 great] p[] 9 le>n+ languages1 great] arti/ic s5sibility4 ,b !y are conspicu\sly inf]ior 9 ! con/ructive imag9ation1 9 creative g5ius1 9 philosophy & sci5ce4 ,x is sometimes said t if wom5 _h be5 z well educat$ z m5--& assur$ly on ,*ri/ian pr9ciples !y ought to be1 if diff]5tly1 yet equally well educat$--!y w\ld h creat$ z mu*4 ,:y1 !n1 h almo/ no wom5 be5 poets ( ! fir/ ord]1 or musical compos]s1 or pa9t]s8 ,= 9 ^! arti/ic walks ( life _! education has be5 9 _m c\ntries bett] & m cont9u\s4 ,to ma9ta9 t m5 & wom5 are only physiologically diff]5t is to run "o's head aga9/ ! brick wall ( fact & sci5ce1 no less ?an aga9/ ,/4 ,paul's & ,/4 ,pet]'s pr9ciples#ai4 #bbd ,x rema9s true t 'wom5 is n undevelopt man ,b div]se 444 see+ ei!r sex alone ,is half itself1 & 9 true m>riage lies ,nor equal1 nor unequal#bj4' #d4 ,x is necess>y to add some?+ ab\t ! position assign$ by ,/4 ,paul1 9 o!r epi/les1 to unm>ri$ wom52 & to notice ! relation ( 8 '!ory ( wom5' to e>li] ,jewi% ideas & ^? curr5t 9 g5]al society4 ,no?+ c\ld well exce$ ! influ5ce or nobility ( ! position ( ! ,jewi% wife & mi/ress ( ! h\sehold1 z x is giv51 = example1 9 ! ,book ( ,prov]bs#ba4 ,t position ,/4 ,paul c p]petuate & deep51 b h>dly augm5t4 ,& ! ,old ,te/am5t recogniz$ an altoge!r exceptional position 9 c]ta9 wom5 end[$ ) ! gift ( prophecy1 l ,miriam & ,deborah & ,huldah1 :o 9 virtue ( _! gift ex]cis$ a public & #bbe quasi-political m9i/ry4 ,?us 9 ! ,*ri/ian community also !re 7 prophetesses1 & ,/4 ,paul1 9 ! same epi/le 9 :i* he =bids wom5 9 g5]al to tea* 9 public1 seems to leave room = su* exceptional wom5 to 'pray or prophecy' 9 ! ,*ri/ian congregation ) _! heads cov]$#bb4 ,?us 9 fact all d[n ,*ri/ian hi/ory !re h be5 at int]vals exceptional wom5 ) unmi/akable gifts = guid+ s\ls 9 private & direct+ public policy1 l ,/4 ,ca!r9e ( ,si5a1 or ) gifts ( gov]nm5t l ,/4 ,hilda1 :om ! ,*ur* has rightly accept$ z div9ely end[$4 ,:]e ,*ri/ianity appe>s to h made a fre% dep>ture 9 reg>d to wom5 0 9 ! organiz$ consecration ( ! gift ( female m9i/ry4 ,! deaconesses l ,phoebe1 & wom5 l ,lydia & ,priscilla1 are mo/ *>act]i/ic ,*ri/ian figures2 & !y h a long l9e ( successors 9 lat] deaconesses & 'wid[s1' & si/]s ( m]cy1 & nurses & tea*]s4 ,x 0 ! ignom9y ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& t = s long %e n>r[$ d[n ! functions ( wom5 to ^? :i* belong to wives & daught]s at home4 ,multitudes ( #bbf wom5 ne$ o!r ?an dome/ic sph]es & are happi] away f home2 & we may ?ank ,god t--ap>t f ! specially political & judicial functions :i* are prop] to m5--! wide/ sph]e ( influ5ce & s]vice is n[ aga9 be+ ?r[n op5 to wom54 ,h[ pitiable x 0 t1 9 face ( all ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce & ( ! au?oritative language ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 unm>ri$ wom5 %\ld h no prospect op5$ to !m b su* z 0 dre>ily summ$ up 9 ! phrase 'old maids4' ,/4 ,paul1 if 9 ?is epi/le he is glorify+ ! m>ri$ /ate1 c]ta9ly also glorifies bo? = m5 & wom5 ! fre$om ( ! celibate life consecrat$ to ! s]vice ( ,god--! consecration ( ^? :o 9 a special s5se are ! virg9-brides ( ,*ri/4 ,we may be ?ankful inde$ t n[1 if some:at t>dily1 x has receiv$ f ! l>ge/ assembly ( ,anglican bi%ops ev] ga!r$ toge!r an altoge!r ungrudg+ recognition#bc4 ,x has be5 v frequ5tly obs]v$ t1 especially 9 ,asia ,m9or1 wom5 9 ,/4 ,paul's day 7 atta9+ 9 non-,*ri/ian society positions ( great influ5ce & dignity4 ,we f9d !m #bbg v commonly hold+ prie/hoods & public (fices & magi/racies4 ,x w\ld appe>1 h[ev]1 t too mu* may be made ( ?is4 ,! populations ( ! ,asiatic t[ns lov$ to be ent]ta9$ ) exp5sive games & l>gesses ( money & gra91 & to h temples built & end[$ = !m4 ,weal?y wom5 ( noble families 7 elect$ to prie/hoods & (fices :]e !y c\ld ex]cise _! acceptable lib]ality 9 ^! ways4 ,b ! (fices 7 r ( dignity ?an ( practical gov]nm5t1 & 7 closely associat$ ) prie/hoods4 ,!re is no evid5ce t wom5 9 ,asiatic cities c\ld assi/ at assemblies1 or give votes1 or speak 9 public1 or s]ve on legations1 or ent] into political relations ) ! ,roman au?orities4 ,!re 7 wom5 among ! ,asi>*s1 b probably only :5 !y 7 associat$ 9 an honor>y mann] ) _! husb&s4 ,9 ! e>ly ,*ri/ian *ur* ! influ5ce ( wom5 0 put to f> nobl] uses ?an 9 ,asiatic cities2 b _! position relatively to m5 0 n f> diff]5t f :at w\ld h be5 recogniz$ 9 ! g5]al society ( t region#bd4 ,9 o!r p>ts ( ! empire ! #bbh wom5 ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur* 7 conspicu\sly 9 advance ( ^? outside4 ,9 some:at lat] days ( ! ,*ur* !re 0 "s res5tm5t at ! high & free position assign$ to wom5 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t docum5ts4 ,?us "o celebrat$ ,,ms4 ( ! ,new ,te/am5t#be--! ,codex ,bezae--*anges 'n a few ( ! hon\rable ,greek wom5 & ( m5' 7,acts xvii4 #ab7 into '( ! ,greeks & ! hon\rable1 _m m5 & wom54' ,9 xvii4 #cd x cuts out ,dam>is4 ,& 9 xvii4 #d x *anges ! 'lead+ wom5' into 'wives ( ! lead+ m54' ,! _s :i* prompt$ ^! *anges 9 an e>ly ,*ri/ian scribe & revis]1 has n be5 want+ 9 mu* lat] ages1 ?\gh x _h n a *ance ( tamp]+ ) our sacr$ texts4 ,b4 ,,p>5ts ,,& ,,*ildr54 ,,vi4 #a-d4 ,sid5ote3 ,p>5ts & *ildr5 ,aft] lay+ d[n ! pr9ciples :i* det]m9$ ! relation ( wives to _! husb&s1 ,/4 ,paul turns to ! relation ( *ildr5 to _! p>5ts4 ,! wives are to be subord9ate to _! husb&s4 ,*ildr5 are to be ob$i5t to _! p>5ts z "p ( _! duty '9 ! #bbi ,"l1' z memb]s ( ,8 body4 ,!y are to %[ hon\r to _! p>5ts z direct$ by ! comm&m5t :i* we call ! fif?1 b :i* ,/4 ,paul "h probably calls 'a comm&m5t /&+ fir/ accompani$ ) promise4' ,x /&s fir/ among ^? :i* ref] to our neighb\r gr\p$ ap>t--z our ,"l also says ',?\ kn[e/ ! comm&m5ts1' & !n specifies ^? six alone#bf4 ,& x is accompani$ ) a promise impli$ 9 ! words 't x may be well ) !e & t ?\ maye/ live long 9 ! l&#bg'--;a promise t ! prosp]ity & p]man5ce ( ! nation %all be b\nd up ) ! obs]vance ( ! natural law ( ob$i5ce to ^? f :om we d]ive our life4 ,i say ! prosp]ity ( ! nation1 & s no d\bt secondly ( ! individual2 b all ?r\gh ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts ! individual is reg>d$ only z "p ( ! nation4 ,! o!r translation ( ^! words--':i* is ! fir/ comm&m5t ) promise'--is "o to :i* ! orig9al ,greek does n seem to give any pref]5ce1 & :i* does n give a good s5se1 = ! fif? comm&m5t has nei!r #bcj m nor less ( promise ?an ! second1 & 9 :at we n[ call '! second table' x /&s alone z hav+ a promise impli$4 ,"h aga9 9 deal+ ) *ildr5 ,/4 ,paul passes f ! duty ( ! subject to t ( ! au?ority4 ,fa!rs are exhort$ n to irritate _! *ildr51 z 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,colossians !y are n to provoke !m1 or1 z ! ^w may p]haps mean1 ov]/imulate !m s z to lead to _! los+ he>t#bh4 ,a brok5 _s & a sull5 _s are alike bad signs 9 y\?4 ,b ?is does n mean t !y are n to be discipl9$2 discipl9e is ,god's purpose = u all ?r\gh life1 & 9 *ildhood & y\? p>5ts are ! m9i/]s ( ,god to discipl9e _! *ildr5 & put !m 9 m9d to obey ,god4 ,*ildr51 obey y\r p>5ts 9 ! ,"l3 = ?is is "r4 ,hon\r ?y fa!r & "m 7:i* is ! fir/ comm&m5t ) promise71 t x may be well ) !e1 & ?\ maye/ live long on ! e>?4 ,&1 ye fa!rs1 provoke n y\r *ildr5 to wra?3 b nurture !m 9 ! *a/5+ & admonition ( ! ,"l4 ,we may notice 9 ?is passage ! implication ( infant baptism4 ,! *ildr5 are address$ '9 ! ,"l1' t is z already memb]s ( ! #bca body ( ,*ri/4 ,! *ildr5 ( any "o ,*ri/ian p>5t are1 9 #a ,cor4 vii4 #ad1 describ$ z 'holy'--t is consecrat$ or d$icat$ by ! circum/ances ( _! bir? & ! opportunity :i* x supplies = ,*ri/ian education--& ?us fit subjects = baptism4 ,9 fact x is probable t ,*ri/ianity took f ! ,jews ! practice ( infant baptism4 ,)9 _! own race inde$ !re 0 no ne$ ( a c]emony ( incorporation4 ,= ! son ( ,jewi% p>5ts 0 born a memb] ( ! *os5 p4 ,b a proselyte 0--c]ta9ly be=e our ,"l's "t--made a ,jew ) a baptism#bi :i* 0 reg>d$ z 8 new bir?1 8 naturalization into a new & high] race4 ,& if ! proselyte _h *ildr5 !y 7 baptiz$ ) him z 'little proselytes#cj4' ,) a new dep? ( mean+ ?is practice ( infant baptism 0 tak5 ov] by ! ,*ri/ian *ur* 9 ! case ( ^? already d$icat$ to ,god by ! spiritual opportunities ( _! bir? & education1 s t ! beg9n+s ( gr[? might be sanctifi$1 l our ,"l's *ildhood1 9 ! ,_s4 #bcb ,we mu/ also take to he>t 9 our day ! lesson ( ! fif? comm&m5t1 z re-en=c$ by ,/4 ,paul1 ) its conv]se 9 ! duty ( p>5ts4 ,dome/ic ob$i5ce is some:at at a disc\nt1 x is to be fe>$1 9 ?is g5]ation 9 mo/ classes ( society2 & ?is is a v grave p]il4 ,p>5ts1 weal?y z well z poor1 are v commonly dispos$ to make s*oolma/]s & s*oolmi/resses d ! "w ( discipl9e = !m1 :ile !y reta9 = !mselves ! privilege ( spoil+ _! *ildr54 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 ( c\rse1 v _m exceptions4 ,!re are multitudes ( homes :]e discipl9e is ex]cis$ wisely & lov+ly1 & *ildr5 f9d ob$i5ce always a duty & mo/ly a joy4 ,?is is c]ta9ly ! only div9ely appo9t$ me?od by :i* we are to be prep>$ = ! ob$i5ce & self-discipl9e requir$ ( u :5 we gr[ to be :at is falsely describ$ z 'our own ma/]s4' ,& ,/4 ,paul's tw(old admonition to p>5ts is full ( wisdom3 !y are n to provoke _! *ildr5 s t !y become bad-temp]$1 & !y are n to ov]-/imulate !m1 by competition or o!rwise1 s t !y become di%e>t5$4 ,b to n\ri% !m by appropriate food1 m5tal & spiritual z well z physical1 s t !y may gr[ to ! full #bcc /ature & /r5g? :i* ,god int5ds = !m4 ,c4 ,,ma/]s ,,& ,,slaves4 ,,vi4 #e-i4 ,sid5ote3 ,ma/]s & slaves ,/4 ,paul's me?od 9 deal+ ) slav]y is well kn[n4 ,! slave is 9 a position really1 at bottom1 inconsi/5t ) human individuality & lib]ty1 z ,*ri/ianity insi/s ^u x4 ,?us1 to g no fur!r1 ! male slave & 8 wife are liable 79 all sy/ems ( slav]y7 to be sold ap>t f "o ano!r4 ,?is puts 9 its pla9e/ =m ! inconsi/5cy ( slav]y ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,! slave is a liv+ rational tool ( ano!r man1 & n 8 bro!r ) fundam5tally ! same spiritual "r to 'save 8 life' or make ! be/ ( 8 faculties4 ,?us :]e a slave c obta9 lib]ty ,/4 ,paul exhorts him to pref] x#ca4 ,& :5 he is deal+ ) ! ,*ri/ian ma/] ,philemon1 ^: runaway slave1 ,onesimus1 has become ,*ri/ian "u ,/4 ,paul's influ5ce1 he exhorts him to receive him back1 no long] z a slave1 b z a bro!r belov$#cb4 ,b ,*ri/ianity enli/$ 9 no premature crusade aga9/ slav]y z an in/itution--premature1 because ,*ri/ianity 0 n yet 9 ! position to fa%ion a civilization ( #bcd h] own4 ,x left x to be und]m9$ by ! ,*ri/ian _s4 ,?us ,/4 ,paul exhorts slaves to obey1 & t 9 m =cible language ?an he has appli$ ev5 to *ildr51 ') fe> & trembl+'2 t is ) an int5se anxiety to d _! duty4 ,!y are to p]=m _! "w z 9 ,god's sight1 ?or\ghly--,he be+ ! inspector ( x :o c infallibly tell good "w f bad--& 'f ! he>t1' t is1 putt+ _! w & m9d into x4 ,!y are to d x z to ! ,"l1 kn[+ t no good "w1 h[ev] m5ial or un9t]e/+1 is wa/$1 b %all be receiv$ back1 9 its product or legitimate fruit1 z 'its own rew>d' f ,*ri/'s h&4 ,9 ! ,epi/le to ,timo?y1 ?is additional reason = dilig5t s]vice is giv51 t if ,*ri/ian slaves get a reputation = slackness !y w br+ discr$it ^u ! ,*ri/ian "n#cc4 ,& 9 ! same passage a t\* is add$ :i* %[s :at1 ev5 9 its possible p]v]sions1 ! _s ( bro!rhood really meant1 ',!y t h believ+ ma/]s1 let !m n despise !m because !y are bre?r52 b let !m s]ve !m ! r1 because !y t p>take ( ! b5efit are believ]s & belov$4' #bce ,& ! ma/]s are exhort$ to rememb] t true pr9ciple ( human equality--t ') ,god is no respect ( p]sons1' t 9 ,god's sight ea* man c\nts = "o1 & no "o c\nts = m ?an "o2 ea* hav+ an equal claim & duty 9 ! sight ( ! "o ,ma/] "u :om all are s]vants4 ,?us !y are to deal ) _! slaves 9 ! same _s ( duty z _! slaves %\ld h t[>d !m1 & !y are to treat !m ) ! respect due to bro!r m5 '=be>+ ?reat5+s4' ,s]vants1 be ob$i5t unto !m t accord+ to ! fle% are y\r ma/]s1 ) fe> & trembl+1 9 s+l5ess ( y\r he>t1 z unto ,*ri/2 n 9 ! way ( eye-s]vice1 z m5-pleas]s2 b z s]vants ( ,*ri/1 do+ ! w ( ,god f ! he>t2 ) good w do+ s]vice1 z unto ! ,"l1 & n unto m53 kn[+ t :atsoev] good ?+ ea* "o doe?1 ! same %all he receive aga9 f ! ,"l1 :e!r he be bond or free4 ,&1 ye ma/]s1 d ! same ?+s unto !m1 & =be> ?reat5+3 kn[+ t bo? _! ,ma/] & y\rs is 9 heav51 & !re is no respect ( p]sons ) him4 ,*ri/ianity has long aboli%$ slav]y s f> z ! legal /atus ( ! slave is conc]n$4 ,b ! pr9ciples ( ma/]%ip & s]vice are /ill to be le>n$ 9 ?is brief section ( ,/ ,paul's writ+2 & if we really believ$ t ') #bcf ,god is no respect ( p]sons' !re w\ld be nei!r scamp+ ( "w & defraud+ ( employ]s1 nor on ! o!r h& ! 'sweat+' ( ! employ$ & treat+ ( m5 & wom5 z if !y 7 tools = ! pr(it ( o!rs1 in/ead ( spiritual be+s1 ) ea* 8 own div9e end to realize4 #a ,is4 liv4 #e2 ,j]4 iii4 #ad4 #b ,prophecies ( ,isaiah1 vol4 ii1 p4 #ahh4 #c #a ,cor4 vi4 #ag4 #d ,?is1 x is well kn[n1 0 read 9 ! ,old ,v]sion4 ,x has vani%$ 79 submission to ! v]dict ( ! be/ ,,mss47 f ! ,r4 ,v4 ,b !re seems to me to be "s =ce 9 ,al=d's plea = ! orig9ality ( ! words1 z !y /& 9 ',we/]n' & lat] texts4 #e ,acts xx4 #bh4 #f ',wa%+4' ,m>g4 'lav]4' #g ,john i4 #bi4 #h ,john xvii4 #i2 ,tit4 ii4 #ad4 #i ,rom4 x4 #i2 cp4 ,acts xxii4 #af4 #aj ,9 ,joan1 tract4 #hj4 ,cf4 ,ir5aeus c4 ha]4 v4 #b1 #c4 #aa ,see ,/4 ,?om4 ,aq41 ,summa1 ,p>s iii4 ,qu4 lxx4 art4 #f ad #c4 #ab #a ,pet4 iii4 #g4 #ac ,x is noticeable t ,/4 ,paul does n 7accord+ to ! ,revis$ ,v]sion :i* repres5ts ! orig9al7 exactly enjo9 ob$i5ce ^u wives 7z ^u *ildr5 & slaves7 b subjection3 cf4 ,col4 iii4 #ah2 #a ,cor4 xiv4 #cd2 #a ,tim4 ii4 #aa1 #ab2 #a ,pet4 iii4 #a4 ,if h[ev] 9 ! use ( ! 'obey' 9 ! v[ ( ! wife our m>riage s]vice goes an almo/ imp]ceptible /age beyond ,/4 ,paul1 its g5]al tone pres]ves ,/4 ,paul's balance admirably4 ,! husb& 'wor%ips' ! wife & end[s h] ) all 8 worldly goods4 ,! only o!r ecclesia/ical =mula ( ours 9 :i* ! ^w wor%ip is us$ ( a purely human relation1 is ! pe]'s oa? ( allegiance to ! sov]eign at ! coronation1 ',i d become y\r liegeman ( life & limb & ( e>?ly wor%ip3 & fai? & tro? ,i w be> unto y to live & to die aga9/ all mann] ( folks4' #ad ,h[ _m husb&s are capable ( 'tea*+ _! wives at home' ab\t religion8 see #a ,cor4 xiv4 #ce4 #ae ,see h[ev] bel[1 p4 #bbe4 #af #a ,tim4 ii4 #ab2 #a ,cor4 xiv4 #cd1 #ce4 #ag #a ,tim4 ii4 #h1 #i4 #ah #a ,tim4 ii4 #aa1 #ab2 cf4 #a ,pet4 iii4 #d4 #ai ,all ?is has be5 admirably /at$ by ,george ,romanes1 :om no "o c\ld accuse ( misogyny1 9 8 essay on '! m5tal diff]5ces betwe5 m5 & wom54' ,see ,essays 7,longmans1 #ahig71 pp4 #aac ff4 ,& ! /atem5ts ( ! text are support$ by ,mr4 ,havelock ,ellis' ,man & ,woman 7,contemp4 ,sci5ce ,s]ies74 ,mr4 ,ellis is sometimes less decisive ?an ,mr4 ,romanes4 ,b see capp4 xiii1 xiv4 #bj ,t5nyson's ,pr9cess2 cp4 8 ,memoir by ,hallam ,t5nyson1 7,macmillan1 #ahig71 i4 #bdi4 #ba ,prov4 xxxi4 #aj ff4 #bb #a ,cor4 xi4 #e4 #bc ,lambe? ,conf]5ce1 #ahig4 ,report on ,religi\s ,communities1 pp4 #eg ff4 #bd ,see ,p>is1 ,quat5us foem9ae res publicas 9 ,asia ,m9ore ,romanis inp]antibus attig]9t 7,p>is1 #ahia74 #be ,ramsay1 ,paul ! ,travell]1 p4 #bfh4 #bf ,m>k x4 #ai2 cf4 ,matt xix4 #ah1 #ai2 ,luke xviii4 #bj4 #bg ,cit$ f ,exod4 xx4 #ab accord+ to ! ,,lxx1 :i* assimilates ! passage to ,deut4 v4 #af4 #bh ,col4 iii4 #ba4 ,9 #b ,cor4 ix4 #b1 ! only o!r place :]e ! ^w is us$ by ,/4 ,paul or 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 x means to /imulate by emulation4 #bi ,accompani$ ) circumcision & sacrifice4 #cj ,see ,dr4 ,taylor1 ,! ,tea*+ ( ! ,twelve ,apo/les1 pp4 #ee-eh1 & ,sabati]1 ,la ,dida*1 pp4 #hd-hh1 bo? v sugge/ive passages4 ,cf4 ,ed]%eim1 ,life & ,times ( ,jesus1 ,app4 xii1 & ,s*r]1 ,jewi% ,p1 ,div4 ii4 vol4 ii4 pp4 #cai ff4 #ca #a ,cor4 vii4 #ba1 #bc4 #cb ,philem4 #af4 #cc #a ,tim4 vi4 #a4 #bcg ,,division ,,ii4 #f4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 #aj-bj4 ,! p]sonal spiritual /ruggle4 ,sid5ote3 ,! spiritual /ruggle ,! e?ics ( ,*ri/ianity are1 z has appe>$1 social e?ics1 ! e?ics ( a society organiz$ 9 mutual relation%ips3 & ,*ri/ianity is conc]n$ ) ! :ole life ( man1 body z well z s\l1 8 comm]ce & 8 politics z well z 8 religion4 ,b because ?is requires to be made emphatic1 does x foll[ t we are to neglect or depreciate ! inw>d1 p]sonal1 spiritual /ruggle8 ,are we to give a r$uc$1 because we give a bett] balanc$1 importance to 'sav+ "o's own s\l1' t is pres]v+ or recov]+ into its full p[] & supremacy "o's own spiritual p]sonality8 ,( c\rse n3 because social heal? dep5ds on p]sonal "*4 ,! m a good man ?r[s himself into social1 includ+ ecclesia/ical1 duties ! m he feels ! ne$ ( "* 9 himself & o!rs4 ,& ! m s]i\s a man is #bch ab\t 8 "*1 ! m deeply he feels ! att5tion & self-discipl9e t "* ne$s4 ,c]ta9ly ! mo/ ascetic words ( our ,"l--^? 9 :i* ,he speaks ( ! necessity = cutt+ (f or pluck+ out h& or eye if h& or eye cause u to /umble1 & w>ns u t we mu/ be /rong at ! spiritual c5tre ( our be+1 be=e we c be free 9 ext]ior action--are likely to come home to no "o ) m =ce ?an to "o :o w\ld d 8 duty 9 ,*ur* or /ate4 ,*ri/ _c r$eem ! _w )\t ,himself pass+ ?r\gh ! temptation & ! agony 9 ! g>d54 ,& ?us ,/4 ,paul1 aft] he has be5 dwell+ on ! frat]nal & corporate "* ( ! ,*ri/ian life1 comes back at ! la/ to emphasize ! p]sonal spiritual /ruggle4 ,to be a good memb] ( ! body1 he says 9 effect1 y mu/ be 9 p]sonal "* a /rong man1 /rong en\gh 9 ,*ri/'s might to w9 ! victory 9 a fe>ful /ruggle4 ,aga9/ :at is our spiritual /ruggle8 ,x is aga9/ ! weakness & lawlessness ( our own fle%4 ',! _s is will+1 b ! fle% is weak4' ',our eye & h& & foot cause u to /umble4' ,or aga9 x is ! _w :i* is too mu* = u4 ',we seek hon\r "o ( ano!r #bci & n ! glory t come? f ! only ,god4' ,q true4 ,b beh9d ! manife/ disord] ( our nature & ! insi/5ce ( worldly motives !re are o!r less app>5t =ces2 & ^!1 9 ,/4 ,paul's m9d1 s ov]%ad[ ! m visible & tangible ones t1 9 ! ,biblical mann] ( spee*1 he d5ies = ! mom5t ! reality ( ! latt]4 ',we wre/le n aga9/ fle% & blood1' n aga9/ our own fle% or a visibly corrupt public1 b aga9/ an unse5 spiritual ho/ organiz$ = evil4 ,x 0 notic$ above t ,/4 ,paul has no d\bt at all t moral evil has its orig9 & spr+ 9 ! d>k backgr\nd beh9d human nature--9 ! rebel wills ( devils4 ,x has become cu/om>y to reg>d belief 9 devils or angels z fanciful & p]haps sup]/iti\s4 ,n[ no d\bt !ological & popul> fancy has intrud$ itself into ! ?+s x has n se51 &1 in/ead ( ! /udi\sly vague#a language ( ,/4 ,paul1 has develop$ a sort ( geography & e?nology = spirits good & bad :i* is my?ological & alli$ to sup]/ition4 ,b x has act$ 9 ! same way1 & %[n ! same res5tm5t ( ! discipl9e ( ignorance1 9 ! case ( ev5 m c5tral spiritual realities4 ,no #bdj d\bt aga9 ! belief 9 ! devil has sometimes become1 9 practical =ce1 belief 9 a rival ,god4 ,b ?is sort ( ,mani*aeism or dualism repres5ts a v p]man5t t5d5cy 9 ! untra9$ religi\s in/9cts ( m51 :i* ! ,bible is occupi$ 9 re/ra9+4 ,9 ! ,bible c]ta9ly ,satan & 8 ho/s are rebel angels & n rival ,gods4 ,once m und\bt$ly demonology has be5 a s\rce ( mu* mis]y & _m degrad+ practices4 ,b demonology repres5ts a natural religi\s in/9ct4 ,x is old] ?an ! ,bible4 ,& :at our religion has done1 :]e x has be5 true to itself1 is to purge away ! noxi\s & non-moral sup]/itions4 ,/4 ,paul is repres5tative ( true ,*ri/ianity 9 8 /]n refusal to use ! s]vices ( contempor>y soo?say+ & magic & sorc]y#b4 ,"o has only to comp>e ! exorcisms ( our ,"l ) contempor>y ,jewi% exorcism to note ! moral diff]5ce4 ,& e tru? has its exagg]ation & its abuse4 ,! "q /ill rema9s2 are !re no spiritual be+s b m58 ,is !re no moral evil1 b 9 ! human he>t8 ,our ,"l gives ! mo/ emphatic negative answ]4 ,8 tea*+ ab\t evil 7& good7 spirits is unmi/akable & #bda con/ant4 ,if ,he is an absolutely tru/wor?y tea*] 9 ! spiritual conc]ns ( life1 !n temptation f evil spirits is a reality1 & a reality to be held con/antly 9 view4 ,& our ,"l's au?ority is confirm$ by our own exp]i5ces4 ,sometimes exp]i5ce irresi/ibly sugge/s to u ! pres5ce ( unse5 bad companions :o c make vivid sugge/ions to our m9ds4 ,or we are impress$ l ,/4 ,paul ) ! delusive1 ly+ "* ( evil1 :i* makes ! belief 9 a malevol5t w almo/ inevitable4 ,or ! cont9uity 9 evil influ5ces1 social or p]sonal1 seems to disclose to u an organiz$ plan or 'me?od#c' a k+dom ( evil4 ,x is !n 9 view ( unse5 b p]sonal spiritual adv]s>ies organiz$ aga9/ u z armies1 "u lead]s :o h at _! control wide-rea*+ social =ces ( evil1 & :o intrude !mselves into ! highe/ spiritual regions '! heav5ly places' to :i* 9 _! own nature !y belong1 t ,/4 ,paul w\ld h u equip ourselves = fight+ 9 '! arm\r ( light#d4' ,if !re is a spiritual battle1 arm\r def5sive & (f5sive becomes a natural metaphor :i* #bdb ,/4 ,paul frequ5tly uses#e4 ,b 9 8 imprisonm5t he mu/ h become specially habituat$ to ! arm\r ( ,roman soldi]s1 & "h1 z x 71 he makes a spiritual m$itation on ! pieces ( ! 'panoply' :i* 7 cont9ually "u 8 obs]vation4 ,we are1 !n1 to 'take up' or 'put on' ! panoply or :ole arm\r ( ,god4 ,?is means m ?an ! arm\r :i* ,god supplies4 ,x is probably l '! righte\sness ( ,god1' some?+ :i* is n only a gift ( ,god1 b a gift ( ,8 own self4 ,our righte\sness is ,*ri/1 & ,he is our arm\r4 ,*ri/1 ! '/rong] man1' :o ov]?rew '! /rong man arm$' 9 ,8 own p]son#f1 & 'took away f him 8 panoply 9 :i* he tru/$1' is to be our def5ce4 ,& by no ext]nal protection2 we are to clo! ourselves 9 ,8 nature1 to put ,him on z our arm\r4 ,8 is ! /r5g? 9 :i* we are1 l ,him1 to come triumphant ?r\gh ! h\r ( d>kness4 ,n[ ! p>ts ( ! arm\r1 ! elem5ts ( ,*ri/'s unconqu]able moral /r5g?1 :at are !y8 #bdc ,! belt :i* keeps all else 9 its place is = ! ,*ri/ian1 tru?--t is1 s+l5ess ( eye or p]fect s9c]ity--! pure & simple desire ( ! light4 ',unless ! vessel be clean 7or s9c]e7' said ! old ,roman prov]b1 ':atev] y put into x turns s\r4' ,a lack ( s9c]ity at ! he>t ( ! spiritual life w de/roy x all4 ,!n ! brea/plate :i* cov]s vital organs is1 = ! ,*ri/ian1 righte\sness--! specific righte\sness ( ,*ri/1 ,/4 ,paul seems to imply#g1 9 :i* 9 its indivisible unity he is to enwrap himself4 ,&1 z ! feet ( ! soldi] mu/ be well %od n only = protection b also to facilitate free movem5t on all sorts ( gr\nd1 ! ,*ri/ian too is to be s possess$ ) ! good tid+s ( peace t he is 'prep>$' to move & act "u all circum/ances--all hesitations1 & delays1 & unc]ta9ties :i* h9d] movem5t gone--8 feet %od ) ! prep>$ness :i* belongs to ^? :o h peace at ! he>t4 7',h[ beautiful ^u ! m\nta9s are ! feet ( him t br+e? glad tid+s1 t publi%e? peace4'7 ,9 ^! ?ree fundam5tal dispositions--s+le-m9d$ness1 :ole-he>t$ #bdd foll[+ ( ,*ri/1 read9ess su* z belongs to a believ] 9 ! good tid+s--lies ! ,*ri/ian's /r5g?4 ,b ! arm\r is n yet complete4 ,! attacks ( ! enemy ^u ! ?\ghts w be frequ5t & fi]y4 ,a con/ant & rapid action ( ! w w be necess>y to protect ourselves f evil sugge/ions le/ !y obta9 a lodgem5t4 ,& ! me?od ( self-protection is to look cont9ually & delib]ately out ( ourselves up to ,*ri/--to appeal to ,him1 to invoke ,8 "n1 to draw ^u ,8 /r5g? by acts ( our w4 ,?us fai?1 cont9ually at e fre% assault look+ in/9ctively to ,*ri/ & draw+ ^u ,8 help1 is to be our %ield1 (f :i* ! enemy's d>ts w glance h>mless1 _! hurtful fire qu5*$4 ,& 9 ?us def5d+ ourselves we mu/ h cont9ually 9 m9d t ,god has deliv]$ man by a great r$emption#h4 ,x is ! s5se ( ?is great salvation1 ! conviction ( ea* ,*ri/ian t he is among ^? :o h be5 sav$ & are ta/+ ?is salvation1 :i* is to cov] 8 head f attack l a helmet#i4 ,& ,god's #bde ^w--,god's specific & p>ticul> utt]ances1 ?r\gh inspir$ prophets & psalmi/s--is to equip 8 m\? ) a sword ( p[]2 z 9 ,8 temptation & on ! cross1 ,*ri/ 'put (f f ,himself ! pr9cipalities & p[]s1 & made a %[ ( !m1 triumph+ ov] !m op5ly' by ! words ( ,holy ,scripture2 z ,bunyan's ,*ri/ian1 :5 ',apollyon 0 fet*+ him 8 la/ bl[1 nimbly /ret*$ out 8 h& & caught' = 8 'sword' ! ^w ( ,micah1 ':5 ,i fall ,i %all arise4' ,?is is "o fruit ( con/ant m$itation on ! words ( ,holy ,scripture1 t !y recur to our m9ds :5 we mo/ ne$ !m4 ,& !n ,/4 ,paul passes f metaphor to simple spee*1 & = ! la/ weapon bids ! ,*ri/ians use 'always' t mo/ p[]ful ( all spiritual weapons = !mselves & o!rs1 'pray] & supplication' ( all k9ds & '9 all seasons4' ,b x is n to be ignorant & bl9d pray]2 x is to be pray] '9 ! _s1' ':o helpe? our infirmities1 = we "k n ( ourselves h[ to pray z we ought4' ',! ?+s ( ,god none kn[e?1 save ! ,_s ( ,god'#aj2 & x is to be ! sort ( pray] ab\t :i* tr\ble is tak51 & :i* is p]sev]+2 & x is to be #bdf pray] = o!rs z well z = !mselves1 '= all ! sa9ts4' ,& ,/4 ,paul uses ! pa/or's privilege1 & asks = himself ! support ( 8 conv]ts' pray]s1 t he may h bo? p[] ( spee* & c\rage to proclaim ! good tid+s ( ! div9e secret disclos$1 = :i* he is already suff]+ z a prison]4 ,f9ally1 be /rong 9 ! ,"l1 & 9 ! /r5g? ( 8 might4 ,put on ! :ole arm\r ( ,god1 t ye may be able to /& aga9/ ! wiles ( ! devil4 ,= our wre/l+ is n aga9/ fle% & blood1 b aga9/ ! pr9cipalities1 aga9/ ! p[]s1 aga9/ ! _w-rul]s ( ?is d>kness1 aga9/ ! spiritual ho/s ( wick$ness 9 ! heav5ly places4 ,:]e=e take up ! :ole arm\r ( ,god1 t ye may be able to )/& 9 ! evil day1 &1 hav+ done all1 to /&4 ,/& !re=e1 hav+ gird$ y\r lo9s ) tru?1 & hav+ put on ! brea/plate ( righte\sness1 & hav+ %od y\r feet ) ! prep>ation ( ! gospel ( peace2 )al tak+ up ! %ield ( fai?1 :]e) ye %all be able to qu5* all ! fi]y d>ts ( ! evil "o4 ,& take ! helmet ( salvation1 & ! sword ( ! ,_s1 :i* is ! ^w ( ,god3 ) all pray] & supplication pray+ at all seasons 9 ! ,_s1 & wat*+ !reunto 9 all p]sev]ance & supplication = all ! sa9ts1 & on my behalf1 t utt]ance may be giv5 unto me 9 op5+ my m\?1 to make kn[n ) boldness ! my/]y ( ! gospel1 = :i* ,i am an ambassador 9 *a9s2 t 9 x ,i may speak boldly1 z ,i ought to speak4 #bdg ,/4 ,paul does n only exhort ,*ri/ians to pray1 b he gives !m abundant examples4 ,9 ?is epi/le !re are two specim5s#aa ( pray] = ! spiritual progress ( 8 conv]ts1 m+l$ ) ?anksgiv+s & praise4 ,we habitually pray = o!rs t !y may be deliv]$ f temporal evils1 or t !y may be conv]t$ f flagrant s9 or unbelief4 ,b surely we v seldom pray ri* pray]s1 l ^? ( ,/4 ,paul's1 = o!rs' progress 9 spiritual appreh5sion4 #a ,col4 i4 #af4 #b ,acts xiii4 #f-ab2 xvi4 #af-ah2 xix4 #ac-bj4 #c ,?is is ak9 to ,/4 ,paul's ^w 9 ! ,greek1 iv4 #ad2 vi4 #aa4 #d ,rom4 xiii4 #ab4 #e ,rom4 vi4 #ac2 xiii4 #ab2 #b ,cor4 vi4 #g2 x4 #d2 #a ,!ss4 v4 #h4 ,cf4 ,isa4 xi4 #d1 #e1 & ,wisd4 v4 #ai4 #f ,luke xi4 #ba1 #bb4 #g ,by ! use ( ! articles4 ,contra/ ,is4 lix4 #ag :i* he is quot+4 #h ,isa4 lix4 #ag4 #i ',salvation' is sometimes view$ z already accompli%$1 i4e4 9 ! victory ( ,*ri/3 sometimes z /ill to be realiz$ at '! r$emption ( our bodies'3 s 9 #a ,!ss4 v4 #h ! helmet is '! hope ( salvation' yet to be atta9$4 #aj ,rom4 viii4 #bf2 #a ,cor4 ii4 #aa4 #aa ,eph4 i4 #ae ff42 iii4 #ad ff4 #bdh ,,conclusion4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 #ba-bd4 ,sid5ote3 ,conclusion ,b t ye also may "k my affairs1 h[ ,i d1 ,ty*icus1 ! belov$ bro!r & fai?ful m9i/] 9 ! ,"l1 %all make kn[n to y all ?+s3 :om ,i h s5t unto y = ?is v purpose1 t ye may "k our /ate1 & t he may com=t y\r he>ts4 ,peace be to ! bre?r51 & love ) fai?1 f ,god ! ,fa!r & ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,grace be ) all !m t love our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 uncorruptness4 ,ty*icus 0 a native ( ,asia ,m9or#a1 a companion & delegate ( ,/4 ,paul1 l ,timo?y & o!rs#b4 ,he 0 entru/$ ) ! task presumably ( convey+ ?is lett] to ! *ur*es ( ,asia ,m9or1 & c]ta9ly ( in=m+ !m z to ! apo/le's /ate 9 8 ,roman imprisonm5t--in=mation :i* c\ld n fail to com=t & enc\rage !m4 ,/4 ,paul br+s ?is wond]ful lett] to a conclusion ) a brief b5$iction to ! bre?r5--an invocation ^u !m ( div9e peace1 & love ) fai?--an invocation ( div9e fav\r ^u all t 'love our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 #bdi uncorruptness4' ,corruption is ! fruit ( s91 ! condition ( ! 'old man#c4' ,incorruption is ! /ate ( ! ris5 ,*ri/1 & 9 ,him ! memb]s ( ,8 body are to be pres]v$1 & at la/ rais$ 'incorruptible#d' 9 body4 ,b !re is a prior 'incorruptibl5ess' ( _s 9 :i* all ,*ri/ians are to live f ! fir/#e1 a fre$om f all su* d\blem9d$ness or uncleanness z c corrupt ! c5tral life ( ! man4 ,& to love ,*ri/ ) ?is incorruptibility is ! condition ( ! p]man5t enjoym5t ( all t ,8 good fav\r w\ld be/[ ^u u4 #a ,acts xx4 #d4 #b #b ,tim4 iv4 #ab4 #c ,eph4 iv4 #bb #d ,cor4 xv4 #eb4 #e #a ,pet4 iii4 #d4 #bea ,,app5d$ ,,notes4 ,,note ,a4 ,see p4 #bf4 ,,! ,,roman ,,empire ,,recogniz$ ,,by ,,*ri/ian ,,writ]s ,,z ,a ,,div9e ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,! ,,spread ,,( ,,! ,,gospel4 7#a7 ,! ,spani% poet ,prud5tius 7c4 ,a4,d4 #djj7 fully appreciates ! influ5ce ( ! ,roman ,empire 9 weld+ toge!r ! _w into a unity ( gov]nm5t1 laws1 language1 cu/oms1 & religi\s rites1 to prep>e ! way = ! univ]sal ,*ur*4 ,! /anzas are rem>kable & wor? quot+4 ,!y are put z a pray] into ! m\? ( ! ,roman deacon ,laur5ce dur+ 8 m>tyrdom4 ,he recognizes :at ! ,roman ,empire has done1 & prays t ,rome may foll[ ! example ( ! re/ ( ! _w 9 becom+ ,*ri/ian4 ,o ,*ri/e1 num5 unicum ut discrepantum g5tium ,o spl5dor1 ,o virtus ,patris1 mores et obs]vantiam1 ,o factor orbis et poli1 l+uas et +5ia et sacra1 atque auctor horum mo5ium6 unis dom>es legibus4 ,qui sceptra ,romae 9 v]tice ,en omne sub regnum ,remi r]um loca/i1 sanci5s mortale concessit g5us3 mundum quir9ali togae idem loquuntur dissoni s]vire et armis c$]e3 ritus1 id ipsum s5tiunt4 #beb ,hoc de/9atum1 quo magis ,confo$]antur omnia ius ,*ri/iani nom9is h9c inde membra 9 symbolum3 quodcunque t]r>um iacet mansuescit orbis subditus3 uno illig>et v9culo4 mansuescat et summum caput4 ,da1 ,*ri/e1 ,romanis tuis ,p]i/ephanon1 ii4 #dac ff4 sit ,*ri/iana ut civitas3 p] quam d$i/i ut caet]is m5s una sacrorum =et4 7#b7 ,! ,pope1 ,leo ! ,great 7c4 ,a4,d4 #dej71 speaks ?us 7,s]m4 lxxxii4 #b73 ',t ! result ( ?is unspeakable grace 7! ,inc>nation7 might be spread abroad ?r\gh\t ! _w1 ,god's provid5ce made ready ! ,roman ,empire1 ^: gr[? has rea*$ s f> t ! :ole multitude ( nations h be5 br\ght into neighb\rhood & connexion4 ,= x p>ticul>ly suit$ ! div9ely plann$ "w t _m k+doms %\ld be leagu$ toge!r 9 "o empire1 s t ! univ]sal prea*+ might make its way quickly ?r\gh nations already unit$ "u ! gov]nm5t ( "o /ate4 ,& yet t /ate1 9 ignorance ( ! au?or ( its aggr&isem5t1 ?\gh x rul$ almo/ all races1 0 en?rall$ by ! errors ( !m all2 & seem$ to itself to h receiv$ a great religion1 because x _h reject$ no falsehood4 ,& = ?is v reason its emancipation ?r\gh ,*ri/ 0 ! m wondr\s t x _h be5 s fa/ b\nd by ,satan4' ,leo fur!r recognizes t ! ,popes are ent]+ into ! position ( ! ,caes>s 7c4 #a71 t ,rome1 'made ! head ( ! _w by be+ ! holy see ( bless$ ,pet]1 %\ld rule m widely by means ( ! div9e religion ?an ( e>?ly sov]eignty4' ,b 8 /atem5t ( ! relation ( ,pet] to ,paul 9 ! evangelization ( ! _w 7c4 #e7 is rem>kably unhi/orical4 #bec ,,note ,b4 ,see p4 #bi4 ,,! 7,,s-,,call$7 ',,lett]s ,,( ,,h]acleitus4' ,n9e lett]s "u ! "n ( ! great philosoph] ( ,ephesus rema9 to u4 ,9 "o ( !m 7iv7 ,h]acleitus is repres5t$ z say+ to "s ,ephesian adv]s>ies1 ',if y _h be5 able to live aga9 by a new bir? #ejj ye>s h5ce1 y w\ld h discov]$ ,h]acleitus yet alive i4e4 9 ! memory ( m5 b n s mu* z a trace ( y\r "n4' ,?is probably indicates t ! au?or is writ+ #ejj ye>s aft] ,h]acleitus' suppos$ age4 ,8 age 0 diff]5tly e/imat$4 ,b '#ejj ye>s aft] ,h]acleitus' w\ld mean1 accord+ to all reckon+s1 ab\t ! fir/ half ( ! fir/ c5tury ,a4,d4 ,all ! o!r indications ( age 9 ! lett]s agree ) ?is4 7,see ,jacob ,b]nays' ,h]aclitis*5 ,briefe1 ,b]l91 #ahfi1 p4 #aab47 ,!y 7 writt5 presumably at ,ephesus1 & all or mo/ ( !m by a ,/oic philosoph]4 ,i d n ?9k t x is necess>y to assume traces ( ,jewi% influ5ce 9 ^! lett]s1 any m ?an 9 ! writ+s ( ,s5eca4 ,& ! bulk ( ! lett]s is s ?or\ghly ,/oic & contr>y to ,jewi% feel+1 t a ,jew is h>dly likely to h int]polat$ !m4 ,!y illu/rate !re=e ! curr5t philosophic ideas :i* 7 at "w 9 ! _w 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul liv$ & taught1 :5 he 0 outside ,judaea4 ,t ,/4 ,paul 0 famili> ) ^! ideas1 h[ev] 8 famili>ity may h be5 ga9$1 is %[n beyond possibility ( mi/ake by 8 spee*es--suppos+ !m sub/antially g5u9e--at ,ly/ra & ,a!ns4 ,! foll[+ passages 9 ^! lett]s are int]e/+3 7#a7 7,f ,h]acleitus' def5ce ( himself aga9/ #bed a *>ge ( impiety 9 lett] iv7 ',:]e is ,god8 ,is he %ut up 9 ! temples8 ,y =soo? are pi\s :o set up ! ,god 9 a d>k place4 ,a man takes x = an insult if he is said to be made ( /one3 & is ,god truly describ$ z born ( ! rocks8 ,ignorant m51 d ye n "k t ,god is n fa%ion$ ) h&s1 nor c y make him a suffici5t p$e/al1 nor %ut him into "o enclosure1 b ! :ole _w is 8 temple1 decorat$ ) animals & planets & />s8 ,i inscrib$ my alt> to ,h]acles ! ,ephesian ,greek3 ,,eraklei ,,toi ,,ephesioi mak+ ! ,god y\r citiz51 n--he cont9ues--to myself ,h]acleitus an ,ephesian ! same lett]s diff]5tly divid$1 z ,i am accus$ ( do+ by y 9 y\r ignorance4 ,yet ,h]acles 0 a man deifi$ by 8 goodness & noble de$s2 & 7 8 virtues & lab\rs great] ?an m9e8 ,i h conqu]$ money & ambition3 ,i h ma/]$ fe> & flatt]y1' c4 ,!n aft] a passage ab\t ! c]ta9ty ( 8 own immortal r5[n1 he returns to ridicule idolatry4 ',if an alt> ( a god be n set up1 is !re no god8 or if an alt> be set up to :at is n a god1 is x a god--s t /ones become ! evid5ces 7witnesses7 ( ,gods8 ,nay x is 8 works :i* %all be> witness to ,god1 z ! sun1 ! day & night1 ! seasons1 ! :ole fruitful e>?1 & ! circle ( ! moon1 8 "w & witness 9 ! heav5s4' ,! :ole ( ?is lett] 7iv71 :i* c be p>allel$ 9 all its ideas f ,/oic & ,platonic s\rces1 may comp>e & contra/ ) ,acts xiv4 #ae-ah2 xvii4 #bb-bi4 7#b7 ,lett] v is writt5 by ,h]acleitus 9 sickness4 ,he gives a !ory ( disease z an excess ( "s elem5t 9 ! body2 & describes 8 s\l z a div9e ?+ reproduc+ 9 8 body ! heal+ activity ( ,god 9 ! _w z a :ole1--'imitat+ ,god' by k ( ! me?od ( nature4 ,ev5 if 8 body prove unmanageable & succumb to fate1 yet 8 s\l w rise #bee to heav5 & ',i %all h my citiz5%ip 7,greek3 polites\ai7 n among m5 b among ,gods4' ',p]haps my s\l is giv+ prophetic intimation ( its release ev5 n[ f its prison h\se' s %ort liv$ & wor?less4 ,lett] vi is a cont9uation ( v1 conta9+ a d5unciation ( contempor>y m$ic9e on ! gr\nd ( its lack ( sci5ce1 & a fur!r explanation ( ! ,/oic doctr9e ( ! imman5ce ( ,god 9 all nature--=m+1 ord]+1 dissolv+1 trans=m+1 heal+ ev]y:]e4 ',him w ,i imitate 9 myself & dismiss all o!rs4' ,we %\ld comp>e & 7ev5 m7 contra/ ,/4 ,paul's ass]tions ( indep5d5ce ( bodily circum/ances2 8 belief 9 ! high] s5se ( 'nature' 7,rom4 ii4 #ad71 & su* phrases z ,phil4 ii4 #bj1 'our citiz5%ip is 9 heav51' ,eph4 v4 #a1 ',be ye imitators ( ,god4' 7#c7 ,lett] vii is address$ to ,h]modorus 9 exile4 ,h]acleitus is to be exil$ also '= misan?ropy & refusal to smile' by a law direct$ aga9/ him alone4 ,aft] an int]e/+ condemnation ( privilegia1 ! lett] expla9s 8 misan?ropy4 ,he does n hate m51 b _! vices4 ,! law %\ld run ',if any man hates vice let him leave ! city4' ,!n he w g will+ly4 ,9 fact he is already an exile :ile 9 ! city1 = he _c %>e its vices4 ,!n he describes ,ephesian life 9 t]ms ( fi]ce contempt1 _! lu/s natural & unnatural1 _! frauds1 _! w>s ( words1 _! legal cont5ti\sness1 _! fai?lessness & p]juries1 _! robb]ies ( temples4 ,he d5\nces _! vices 9 connexion ) ! wor%ip ( ,cybele 7beat+ ! kettle-drum7 & ,dionysus 7! eat+ ( live fle%71 & ) religi\s vigils & banquets1 & alludes to details ( s5suality associat$ ) ^! meet+s4 ,he condemns ! submission ( great pr9ciples to ! v]dicts ( ! cr[d at _! !atres1 & passes to a fur!r vivid onslaught on _! qu>rels & murd]s 7!y are no long] m5 #bef b bea/s71 on _! use ( music to excite _! blood?ir/y passions1 & on w> altoge!r z contr>y to '! law ( nature1' & involv+ ! pursuit ( all sorts ( vice4 ,all ?is impea*m5t may be comp>$ ) ,/4 ,paul1 :o speaks h[ev] by comp>ison ) m>k$ res]ve1 9 ,rom4 i4 #bd-ca1 ,eph4 iv4 #ag-ai1 & else:]e4 7#d7 ,! eigh? lett] is aga9 writt5 to ,h]modorus n[ on 8 way to ,italy to assi/ ! ,decemvirs ) ! ,t5 ,tables4 ,x conta9s a some:at rem>kable 'judgem5t on weal?y ,ephesus' & /atem5t ( ! judicial function ( weal?4 ',god does n puni% by tak+ weal? away1 b r gives x to ! wick$1 t ?r\gh hav+ opportunity to s9 !y may be convict$1 & by ! v abundance ( _! res\rces may exhibit _! corruption on a wid] /age4' ,cf4 #a ,tim4 vi4 #i4 7#e7 ,! bani%m5t ( ,h]modorus _h be5 on acc\nt ( a propos$ law to grant equal citiz5%ip to fre$ m51 & ! "r ( public (fice to _! *ildr54 ,?is in/ance ( ,ephesian intol]ance gives occasion = an enunciation ( ! ,/oic doctr9e t ! only real fre$om is moral fre$om1 & moral fre$om con/itutes a man a citiz5 ( ! _w4 ',! good ,ephesian is a citiz5 ( ! _w4 ,= ?is is ! common home ( all1 & its law is no writt5 docum5t b ,god 7,greek3 ou grmma alla !s71 & he :o transgresses 8 duty %all be impi\s2 or r he w n d>e to transgress1 = he w n escape ju/ice4' ',let ! ,ephesians cease to be ! sort ( m5 !y are1 & !y w love all m5 9 an equality ( virtue4' ',virtue1 n ! *ance ( bir?1 makes m5 equal4' ',only vice enslaves1 only virtue lib]ates4' ,= m5 to enslave _! fell[ m5 is to fall bel[ ! bea/s2 s also to mutilate !m z ! ,ephesians d _! ,megabyzi--! eunu*-prie/s ( ! wood5 image ( ,artemis4 ,!re mu/ be inequality ( function 9 ! _w1 b n refusal ( fell[%ip1 z ! #beg high] p>ts ( nature d n despise ! l[]1 or ! s\l ?9k scorn to dwell ) ! body1 or ! head despise ! entrails1 or ,god refuse to give ! gifts ( nature1 su* z ! light ( ! sun1 to all equally4 ,"h aga9 we h :at is bo? l & unlike ,/4 ,paul's doctr9e ( true human lib]ty & 'fell[%ip 9 ! body4' ,on ! :ole ,i ?9k ^! lett]s are wor? m notice ?an !y h receiv$1 bo? 9 !mselves & z a good example ( ! sort ( religi\s & moral doctr9e curr5t 9 ! bett] hea!n circles ( ! ,asiatic cities1 :ile ,/4 ,paul 0 tea*+4 ,x pres5ts _m po9ts ( connexion ) ,/4 ,paul's tea*+1 & co-op]at$ ) ! influ5ce ( ! ,jewi% synagogue to prep>e m5's m9ds = x4 ,b p]haps :at *iefly /rikes u is ! contra/ :i* ! fi]ce & arrogant contempt ( ! ,/oic pres5ts to ! lov+ hopefulness ( ! ,*ri/ian mess5g] ( ! gospel4 ,,note ,c4 ,see p4 #gd4 ,,! ,,jewi% ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,works ,,9 ,,! ,,apocalypse ,,( ,,b>u*4 ,mr4 ,r4 ,h4 ,*>les gives u ! foll[+ /atem5t#a3-- ',! ,talmudic doctr9e ( works may be %ortly summ>iz$ z foll[s3 ,e good "w--:e!r ! fulfilm5t ( a comm& or an act ( m]cy--e/abli%$ a c]ta9 degree ( m]it ) ,god1 :ile e evil "w entail$ a correspond+ dem]it4 ,a man's position ) ,god dep5d$ on ! relation exi/+ betwe5 8 m]its & dem]its1 & 8 salvation on ! prepond]ance ( ! =m] ov] ! latt]4 ,! relation betwe5 8 #beh m]its & dem]its 0 det]m9$ daily by ! weigh+ ( 8 de$s4 ,b z ! results ( su* judgem5ts 7 necess>ily unkn[n1 !re c\ld n fail to be mu* uneas9ess2 &1 to allay ?is1 ! doctr9e ( ! vic>i\s righte\sness ( ! patri>*s & sa9ts ( ,israel 0 develop$ n lat] ?an ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era 7cf4 ,matt4 iii4 #i74 ,a man c\ld !reby summon to 8 aid ! m]its ( ! fa!rs1 & s c\nt]balance 8 dem]its4 ',x is obvi\s t su* a sy/em does n admit ( =giv5ess 9 any spiritual s5se ( ! t]m4 ,x c only mean 9 su* a connexion a remission ( p5alty to ! (f5d]1 on ! gr\nd t comp5sation is furni%$1 ei!r ?r\gh 8 own m]it or ?r\gh t ( ! righte\s fa!rs4 ,?us1 z ,web] vigor\sly puts x3 ,v]gebung ohne ,bezahlung gibt es ni*t4 ,?us1 accord+ to popul> ,ph>isaism1 ,god nev] remitt$ a debt until ,he 0 paid 9 full1 & s long z x 0 paid x matt]$ n by :om4 ',x w be obs]v$ t ) ! ,ph>isees =giv5ess 0 an ext]nal ?+2 x 0 conc]n$ n ) ! man himself b ) 8 works--) ^! inde$ z affect+ him1 b yet z exi/+ indep5d5tly )\t him4 ,?is 0 n ! view tak5 by ! be/ ?\ght 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,!re =giv5ess dealt fir/ & *iefly ) ! direct relation betwe5 man's _s & ,god2 x 0 ess5tially a re/oration ( man to communion ) ,god4 ,:51 !re=e1 ,*ri/ianity _h to deal ) ^! problems1 x c\ld n accept ! ,ph>isaic solutions1 b _h 9 "s measure to return to ! ,old ,te/am5t to au!nticate & develope ! highe/ !re9 taught1 & 9 ! p]son & life ( ,*ri/ to give x a _w-wide p[] & compreh5siv5ess4' ,! doctr9e call$ ,talmudic 9 ! above extract receives rem>kable illu/ration 9 a ,jewi% "w1 ,! #bei ,apocalypse ( ,b>u*1 :i* dates f ! same p]iod z ! writ+s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7,a4,d4 #ej-ajj2 or if ! "w be reg>d$ z composite1 we %\ld say t its compon5t elem5ts are ( t date71 & repres5ts to u 9 a v vivid & t\*+ =m ! hopes & beliefs ( a pi\s or?odox ,jew4 ,?us-- #a4 ,! doctr9e ( ! m]it ( good works1 ii4 #b words spok5 to ,j]emiah by ,god1 ',y\r works are to ?is city z a firm pill>4' xiv4 #e3 ',:at h !y pr(it$ :o confess$ be=e ,!e1 & h n walk$ 9 vanity z ! re/ ( ! nations 444 b always fe>$ ,!e1 & h n left ,?y ways8 ,&1 lo1 !y h be5 c>ri$ (f1 nor on _! acc\nt ha/ ,?\ _h m]cy on ,zion4 ,& if o!rs did evil1 x 0 due to ,zion t on acc\nt ( ! works ( ^? :o wr\ght good works %e %\ld be =giv51 & %\ld n be ov]:elm$ on acc\nt ( ! works ( ^? :o wr\ght unrighte\sness4' lxiii4 #c3 ',hezekiah tru/$ 9 8 works1 & _h hope 9 8 righte\sness1 & spake ) ! ,mighty ,"o 444 & ! ,mighty ,"o he>d him4' lxxxv4 #a3 ',9 ! g5]ations ( old ^? our fa!rs _h help]s1 righte\s m5 & holy prophets 444 & !y help$ u :5 we s9n$1 & !y pray$ = u to ,him :o made u1 because !y tru/$ 9 _! works1 & ! ,mighty ,"o he>d _! pray] & 0 graci\s unto u4' li4 #g3 ',b ^? :o h be5 sav$ by _! works1 & to :om ! law has be5 n[ a hope1 & und]/&+ an expectation1 & wisdom a confid5ce1 to !m wond]s w appe> 9 _! "t4' ,x is v noticeable 9 ! above quotations t x is ! works ( ! righte\s r ?an _! p]sons 7z 9 ,g5esis xviii4 #bc-cc7 t are put =w>d z ! gr\nds ( confid5ce ) ,god4 ,! claim ( righte\sness 9 ! second quotation 7xiv4 #e7 may be p>allel$ 9 ! some:at e>li] "w call$ ,! ,assumption #bfj ( ,moses#b3 ',obs]ve & "k t nei!r did our fa!rs nor _! =efa!rs tempt ,god s z to transgress ,8 comm&m5ts4' #b4 ,! doctr9e ( ! treasury ( m]its4 ,! good works ( ! righte\s are laid up z 9 a treasury to avail = !mselves & = o!rs4 ,?us 7xiv4 #ab73 ',! righte\s ju/ly hope = ! end1 & )\t fe> dep>t f ?is habitation1 because !y h ) ,!e a /ore ( works pres]v$ 9 treasuries4' xxiv4 #a3 ',behold ! days come :5 ! books w be op5$ 9 :i* are writt5 ! s9s ( all ^? t h s9n$1 & aga9 also ! treasuries 9 :i* ! righte\sness ( all ^? :o h be5 righte\s 9 creation is ga!r$4' ,! connexion ( ! m$iaeval doctr9e ( ! treasury ( m]its ) ! simil> ,jewi% doctr9e ne$s to be trac$ out4 #c4 ,righte\sness id5tifi$ ) ! keep+ ( ! law4 ,= ! ,ph>isaic ,jew righte\sness meant simply ! keep+ ( ! law4 ,?us xv4 #e3 ',man w\ld n h rightly und]/ood ,my judgem5t if he _h n accept$ ! law4' ,aga91 lxvii4 #f3 ',s f> z ,zion is deliv]$ up & ,j]usalem laid wa/e 444 ! vap\r ( ! smoke ( ! inc5se ( righte\sness :i* is by ! law is ext+ui%$ 9 ,zion4' ,?us ! m]its ( ,abraham are attribut$ to 8 hav+ kept ! law be=e x 0 writt54 lvii4 #b3 ',at t "t ! unwritt5 law 0 nam$ among !m1 & ! works ( ! comm&m5ts 7 !n fulfill$4' ,( c\rse x mu/ be said t '! ,law' may mean ! c]emonial law1 z 9 ! l[] =m ( ,jewi% ?\ght1 or special /ress may be laid on its moral precepts1 z is ! case 9 ,b>u*1 & 9 ! high] ,jewi% tea*+ g5]ally4 #bfa #d4 ,! ,g5tiles are !re=e incapable ( righte\sness4 lxii4 #g3 ',b reg>d+ ! ,g5tiles x 7 t$i\s to tell h[ !y always wr\ght impiety & wick$ness1 & nev] wr\ght righte\sness4' ,?us ! be/ hope ( ! ,g5tiles is t 9 ! ,messianic k+dom !y %\ld become s]vants to ,israel4 ,?is w be _! lot if !y h nev] vex$ ! holy p2 see lxxii4 #b-f4 #e4 ,! _w creat$ on acc\nt ( ,israel1 xiv4 #ah3 ',?\ did/ say t ,?\ w\ld/ make = ,?y _w man z ! adm9i/rator ( ,?y works1 t x might be kn[n t he 0 by no means made on acc\nt ( ! _w b ! _w on acc\nt ( him4 ,b man is at once int]pret$ z ! ,jewi% race4 ,& n[ ,i see t z = ! _w :i* 0 made on acc\nt ( u1 lo6 x abides1 b we on acc\nt ( :om x 0 made dep>t' i4e4 into captivity1 xv4 #g3 ',z reg>ds :at ?\ did/ say t\*+ ! righte\s1 t on acc\nt ( !m has ?is _w come into be+1 nay m1 ev5 t _w :i* is to come is on _! acc\nt4' xxi4 #bc3 ',reprove !re=e ! angel ( dea? 444 & let ! treasuries ( s\ls re/ore !m t are enclos$ 9 !m1 = !re h be5 _m ye>s l ^? t are desolate1 f ! days ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 & ( all ^? :o are l !m1 :o sleep 9 ! e>?1 on ^: acc\nt ,?\ did/ say t ,?\ had/ creat$ ! _w4' 7,?is idea ( ! treasury ( ! s\ls ( ! righte\s recurs 9 xxx4 #b47 ,9 ,! ,assumption ( ,moses 7i4 #ab7 x is said1 ',god ha? creat$ ! _w on behalf ( ,8 p4 ,b ,he 0 n pleas$ to manife/ ?is purpose ( creation f ! f\ndation ( ! _w1 9 ord] t ! ,g5tiles might !reby be convict$ i4e4 ( ignorance1 yea to _! own humiliation might by _! argum5ts convict "o ano!r4' ,! above tea*+ %[s u exactly :at x 0 to :i* ,/4 ,paul oppos$ 8 doctr9e ( ,ju/ification by #bfb ,fai?4 ,we see x "h on its own gr\nd4 ,its close association ) 'boa/+' is app>5t ev5 9 its bett] =m2 & its view ( election contra/s1 by its selfi% n>r[ness1 ) ! view ( election put =w>d by ,/4 ,paul1 viz4 t ,god's election ( a *os5 p or society1 toge!r ) ,8 app>5t reprobation ( o!rs left outside1 bo? alike subs]ve a purpose ( inf9ite wid?1 ! ultimate div9e purpose to 'h m]cy ^u all4' ,see ,romans ix-xi1 especially xi4 #cb1 & cf4 ,eph4 i4 #i-aj3 '! secret ( ,8 w ) a view to ! disp5sation ( ! fulness ( ! times1 to br+ toge!r all ?+s 9 ! ,*ri/1 ?+s 9 heav5 & ?+s 9 e>?4' ,! m>k$ contra/ betwe5 ! doctr9e ( ,b>u* & ! doctr9e ( ,/4 ,paul mu/ ( c\rse be admitt$ 9 g5]al2 b x has be5 ask$ :e!r ! doctr9e ( ! ,atonem5t is n a fragm5t ( ! ab&on$ ,jewi% doctr9e ( m]it1 borr[$ inconsi/5tly by ,/4 ,paul1 or inconsi/5tly tol]at$ by him4 ,to ?is ! reply is surely 9 ! negative4 ,! ,jews und\bt$ly held t ,eno*1 ,moses1 ,j]emiah1 & o!rs 71 on acc\nt ( _! righte\sness1 ! accept$ m$iators ) ,god on behalf ( ! *os5 p1 & propitiators ( ,8 wra? 7see especially ,assumption ( ,moses1 xi1 & passages f ,b>u* cit$ above74 ,b ! doctr9e ( ! ,atonem5t1 :5 x is exam9$1 proves to h "o feature :i* puts x into m>k$ opposition ) ! ,judaic doctr9e ( human m]it4 ,accord+ to ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! ,atonem5t1 ,*ri/ is purely & simply ,god's gift to man4 ,he is ! ,son ( ,god1 giv5 to man by ! ,fa!r1 9 ord] t1 tak+ our nature ^u ,him1 liv+ ! p]fect human life1 & dy+ ! dea? ( p]fect ob$i5ce1 ,he might satisfy ! div9e requirem5t1 :i* we c\ld n satisfy1 & procure = u :at we c\ld n procure = ourselves1 no1 n ! be/ ( u4 ,!re=e ?is doctr9e #bfc puts all m51 ! be/ & wor/ alike1 9 ! common attitude ( simply receiv+ f ,god1 z an unm]it$ boon1 ! gift ( =giv5ess & reconciliation 9 ,*ri/4 ,x is 9 fact ! /ronge/ possible negation ( ! ,jewi% idea ( human m]it1 p]sonal or vic>i\s4 ,9 o!r respects ! doctr9e ( ,! ,apocalypse ( ,b>u* af=ds at once int]e/+ contra/s & p>allels to ,/4 ,paul's doctr9e4 ,?us-- 7a7 ,9 ,b>u* z 9 ,/4 ,paul1 we h a comb9ation ( ! doctr9e ( div9e pr$e/9ation ) ! insi/5ce on human free w & responsibility4 lxix4 #d3 ',( ! good works ( ! righte\s :i* %\ld be accompli%$ be=e ,him1 ,he =esaw six k9ds' %\ld be comp>$ ) ,eph4 ii4 #aj3 ',good works :i* ,god prep>$ be=eh& t we %\ld walk 9 !m4' 7b7 ,! es*atology ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 includ+ ,/4 ,paul's1 is ( c\rse especially ,jewi%4 ,x does n h[ev] conc]n u mu* 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians2 b we notice t 9 ,! ,apocalypse ( ,b>u* ! idea ( '! consummation ( ! times' 7cf4 ,eph4 i4 #aj1 '! fulness ( ! times'7 appe>s & reappe>s con/antly4 ,see xiii4 #c2 xxi4 #h1 #ag2 xxx4 #c2 xlii4 #f2 liv4 #ba2 lvi4 #b2 lix4 #d2 lxix4 #d1 #e2 cf4 ,! ,assumption ( ,moses1 i4 #ah3 ',! consummation ( ! end ( ! days4' 7c7 ,! connexion ( ,/4 ,paul's doctr9e ) ! ,jewi% doctr9e is also illu/rat$ 9 ,! ,apocalypse ( ,b>u* on ! foll[+ po9ts4 ,t ! ,g5tiles _h ! opportunity ( ! k ( ,god ?r\gh ,8 works 9 nature1 b refus$ x4 ,see ,b>u*1 liv4 #ah1 & cf4 ,romans1 i4 #bj3 ,! pre-exi/5ce ( ! ,messiah4 ,?is is sugge/$ b n v cle>ly /at$ 9 xxx4 #a1 cf4 ,*>les's note & ,! ,assumption ( ,moses1 i4 #ad1 :]e ! pre-exi/5ce ( ,moses seems to be ass]t$4 ,aga91 ! ,fall ( ,adam & its effect 9 introduc+ dea? 7or premature dea?7 into ! _w4 ,see xxiii4 #d2 xlviii4 #db2 liv4 #ae2 lvi4 #f1 & #bfd ,*>les's notes4 ,once m ,! ,resurrection ( ! ,body4 ,see ,b>u*1 l2 li4 ,on all ^! po9ts we see :at 0 ! mat]ial 9 exi/+ ,jewi% ?\ght or1 9 o!r words1 :at 7 ! exi/+ developem5ts ( ,old ,te/am5t belief1 :i* ! ,*ri/ian inspiration _h to "w ^u4 ,! effect ( ! specifically ,*ri/ian inspiration is *iefly se5 7#a7 9 selection among exi/+ beliefs--tak+ "s & utt]ly reject+ o!rs2 7#b7 9 giv+ a def9ite & fix$ =m to curr5t ,messianic & o!r ideas :i* 7 cont9ually %ift+ & incoh]5t2 & 7#c7 9 spiritualiz+ & moraliz+ :at x appropriat$4 ,( c\rse x is 9 ! ,revelation or ,apocalypse ( ,/4 ,john t we h ! mo/ signal in/ance ( ! ,new ,te/am5t use ( contempor>y ,jewi% mat]ial4 ,b su* mat]ial holds a v l>ge place 9 ! :ole ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & !re is no m important assi/ance to ! /udy ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ?an is af=d$ by contempor>y ,jewi% lit]ature1 especially t ( an ,apocalyptic "*4 #a ,! ,apoc4 ( ,b>u* 7,a4 & ,c4 ,black1 #ahif71 p4 lxxxii4 ,! /atem5t is compil$ f ,web]1 ,lehre des ,talmuds4 #b ,edit$ also by ,r4 ,h4 ,*>les 7,a4 & ,c4 ,black1 #ahig71 p4 #cg4 ,,note ,d4 ,see p4 #abj4 ,,! ,,bro!rhood ,,( ,,/4 ,,&rew ,aft] ! above passage 0 writt51 z to ! ne$ among/ u ( a deep] idea ( ! obligations ( *ur* memb]%ip1 x fell to my lot to g to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to make acqua9tance ) ! "w ( ! ,bro!rhood ( ,/4 ,&rew 9 t c\ntry1 & to assi/ at its g5]al conv5tion 9 ,buffalo4 ,x seem$ to me t no?+ c\ld be bett] calculat$ to revive ! true _s ( layman%ip ?an t society1 '=m$ 9 recognition ( #bfe ! fact t e ,*ri/ian man is pl$g$ to devote 8 life to ! spread ( ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ on e>?4' ,x 0 />t$ among a small b& ( "y m51 ( ! numb] ( ! apo/les1 ne>ly fifte5 ye>s ago1 9 ,/4 ,james's p>i%1 ,*icago1 & has spread till to-day x numb]s m ?an #a1bjj p>o*ial *apt]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates alone1 & has tak5 firm root 9 ,canada & o!r p>ts ( ! _w4 ,x has a d\ble rule ( ,pray] & ( ,s]vice4 ,! po9t ( ! s]vice requir$ is t x %\ld h ! "* especially ( witness among a man's equals4 ,s mu* '*ur* "w' is direct$ t[>ds rais+ ^? :o are 9 "s ways our inf]iors1 t we =get t ! real te/ ( a man is ! witness he be>s = ,*ri/ among 8 equals4 ,!re is _m a man :o1 especially 9 8 y\?1 fails to confess ,*ri/ 9 8 own society1 & !n1 if ,i may s express x1 sneaks r\nd ! corn] to d some?+ to raise ! degrad$ or takes ord]s & prea*es ! gospel4 ,nobody c possibly disp>age ^! ef=ts ( love1 b a c]ta9 "* ( c[>dice cont9ues to atta* to !m1 if !y are n bas$ on a frank witness = ,*ri/ 9 a man's own walk ( life1 :]e x is h>de/4 ,x is ?is witness :i* ! ,bro!rhood requires4 ,! p>ticul> rule is 'to make an e>ne/ ef=t ea* week to br+ "s "o "y man )9 he>+ ( ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/ z set =? 9 ! s]vices ( ! ,*ur* & 9 m5's ,bible classes4' ,?is rule is no d\bt op5 to criticism4 ,b x is int]pret$ 9 ! _s r ?an 9 ! lett]1 & = its def9ite requirem5t x is successfully plead$ t x keeps ! memb]s f vagu5ess & slackness4 ,c]ta9ly ! result appe>s to be excell5t4 ,! bre?r5 are p]vad$ by a _s ( frank religi\s pr(ession & devotion4 ,!re appe>s to be a g5]al #bff tone among !m ( reality & good s5se4 ,_! mission>y zeal does n deg5]ate into an intrusive pry+ into o!r m5's s\ls4 ,! ,bro!rhood 0 develop$ 9 ! atmosph]e ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & x rema9s a "q :e!r x w fl\ri% 9 ,engl&4 ,! m %>ply def9$ di/9ctions ( classes among u2 our exagg]at$ p>o*ialism2 ! %yness & res]ve 9 religi\s matt]s :i* *>act]izes _m really religi\s ,engli%m5 & deg5]ates into a sort ( 'hypocrisy rev]s$1' or pret5ce ( be+ less religi\s ?an "o is--^! ?+s w con/itute grave ob/acles4 ,b ! ne$ is at lea/ z cry+ among u1 z on ! o!r side ( ! ,atlantic1 to emphasize among pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians & *ur*m5 ! duty ( witness4 ,at lea/ we may tru/ ! ,bro!rhood w be giv5 a good trial4 ,b if x is to h a fair *ance among u1 ! greate/ c>e mu/ be tak5 t x %\ld develope z a prop]ly lay movem5t2 & :ile x receives all enc\ragem5t f ! cl]gy1 %\ld n be tak5 up by !m to be turn$ into a guild ( '*ur* work]s1' useful = purposes ( p>o*ial organization4 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ facts ab\t ! ,bro!rhood 9 ! ,/ates is t1 :ile ! *ur* _s is unmi/akable--z no "o :o 0 pres5t at ! corporate ,communion ( #a1cjj delegates 9 ,octob] ( ?is ye> at half-pa/ six 9 ! morn+ 9 a great *ur* at ,buffalo c\ld possibly d\bt--x has successfully avoid$ becom+ ei!r a p>ty society or a society r5t by factions4 ,x is because ,i believe ! witness ( ?is ,bro!rhood to ! true *ur* _s has already prov$ invaluable t ,i v5ture to d$icate ?is little exposition ( ! great book ( bro!rhood--?\gh )\t leave grant$ or ask$--to its f\nd] & presid5t4 #bfg ,,note ,e4 ,see pp4 #afd1 #aff4 ,,! ,,conception ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* 7,,ca?olic7 ,,9 ,,/4 ,,paul ,,9 ,,its ,,relation ,,to ,,local ,,*ur*es4 ,by f> ! mo/ frequ5t use ( ! ^w '*ur*' or '*ur*es' 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t is to designate a local society ( ,*ri/ians or a numb] ( su* societies tak5 toge!r1 '! *ur* at ,j]usalem1' '! *ur* at ,antio*1' '! *ur*es ( ,galatia1' '! sev5 *ur*es :i* are 9 ,asia1' 'all ! *ur*es4' ,b x is us$ also = ! *ur* z a :ole4 ,9 fact1 be=e ,*ri/'s com+ ! ^w 9 ! ,greek ( ! ,old ,te/am5t _h pass$ f mean+ an assembly ( ! p1 z 9 classical ,greek1 to mean+ ! sacr$ p z a :ole#a1 z ,/4 ,/eph5 uses x 9 8 spee* ',! *ur* 9 ! wild]ness' 7,acts vii4 #ch74 ,& x is exactly 9 ?is s5se t x is us$ by our ,"l 9 ,/4 ,mat!w1 xvi4 #ah4 ',! *ur*' :i* our ,"l !re promises to 'build' is ! ,*ur* ( ! ,new ,cov5ant z a :ole4 ,we might p>aphrase ,8 words 7z ,dr4 ,hort sugge/s#b7 'on ?is rock ,i w build my ,israel4' ,?us !re is ?r\gh\t ! ,acts & ,/4 ,paul's e>li] epi/les1 a t5d5cy to pass f ! use ( '*ur*' z a local society to its use z designat+ ! :ole body ( ! fai?ful4 ,?is 0 b natural see+ t ea* local society did b repres5t ! "o div9e society1 ! *ur* ( ! ,old ,cov5ant1 ref\nd$ by ,*ri/4 ,see ,acts ix4 #ca3 ',! *ur* ?r\gh\t all ,judaea & ,galilee & ,sam>ia4' #bfh xii4 #a3 ',h]od ! k+ put =? 8 h&s to afflict c]ta9 ( ! *ur*4' xx4 #bh3 ',! *ur* ( ,god :i* he pur*as$ ) 8 own blood4' ,gal4 i4 #ac3 ',i p]secut$ ! *ur* ( ,god4' #a ,cor4 xii4 #bh3 ',god ha? set "s 9 ! *ur*1 fir/ apo/les1' c4 ,9 ?is la/ passage & 9 ,/4 ,paul's spee* to ! ,ephesian eld]s ?is g5]al use ( ! t]m is unmi/akable4 ,9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians1 9 :i* alone among 8 epi/les ,/4 ,paul is writ+ n ab\t ! difficulties or ne$s ( a p>ticul> congregation1 b ab\t ! *ur* 9 its g5]al conception1 ?is l>g] use ( ! t]m becomes dom9ant4 ,& ! po9t to be notic$ is t ! *ur* 9 g5]al1 or ca?olic *ur*1 is conceiv$ (1 n z made up ( local *ur*es1 b z made up ( individual memb]s4 ,! local *ur* w\ld be reg>d$ by ,/4 ,paul n z "o elem5t ( a ca?olic conf$]acy#c1 b z ! local repres5tative ( ! "o div9e & ca?olic society#d4 ,b ! local *ur* is n1 accord+ to ,/4 ,paul1 a completely indep5d5t repres5tative ( ! *ur* z a :ole4 ,! apo/les1 z commission$ witnesses & repres5tatives ( ,*ri/1 are ov] all ! *ur*es4 ,!y1 or _! recogniz$ associates & delegates1 l ,b>nabas1 ,timo?y & ,titus1 repres5t ! g5]al *ur* :i* e local *ur* mu/1 s to speak1 reproduce4 ,! apo/les !re=e1 or _! repres5tatives1 give to ea* *ur* :5 x is fir/ f\nd$ '! tradition' ( tru? & morals :i* is p]man5tly to m\ld x2 & !y ma9ta9 ! tradition by a m or less con/ant sup]vision4 ,?us !y are #bfi ! =ce :i* holds all '! *ur*es' toge!r on a common basis4 ',s orda9 ,i1' says ,/4 ,paul1 '9 all ! *ur*es#e4' ',hold fa/ ! traditions ev5 z ,i deliv]$ !m to y#f4' ,! apo/le has1 he tea*es1 an 'au?ority' comm5surate ) 8 '/ew>d%ip#g1' an au?ority ':i* ! ,"l gave = ! edification & n ! de/ruction#h' ( ! ,*ri/ians1 b :i* at times mu/ take ! =m ( a 'rod' ( *a/isem5t#i4 ,! complete doctr9al & moral indep5d5ce ( p>ticul> ,*ur*es is /rongly d5i$ by ,/4 ,paul 9 su* phrases z ',came ! ^w ( ,god unto y alone8' or1 ',if any man prea*e? unto y any gospel o!r ?an t :i* ye receiv$1 let him be ana!ma#aj4' ,dr4 ,hort's "w on ,! ,*ri/ian ,ecclesia1 9 _m respects1 z w\ld be expect$1 mo/ admirable1 seems to me to m9imize q extraord9>ily ! apo/olic au?ority4 ,! apo/les1 he says1 7 only witnesses ( ,*ri/4 ',!re is no trace 9 ,scripture ( a =mal commission ( au?ority = gov]nm5t f ,*ri/ ,himself4' ,?is surpris+ conclusion is rea*$ by omitt+ _m consid]ations4 ,?us 9 ,/4 ,mat!w xvi4 #ai a def9ite grant ( (ficial au?ority--z appe>s 9 ! passage1 ,is4 xxii4 #bb1 on :i* x is bas$--is promis$ to ,/4 ,pet]1 & he is on ?is occasion1 z ,dr4 ,hort himself ma9ta9s1 ! repres5tative ( ! apo/les g5]ally4 ,?is /ew>d%ip grant$ to ! apo/les1 to %eph]d ! flock & fe$ ! h\sehold ( ,god1 is impli$ aga9 9 ,/4 ,luke xii4 #db1 ,/4 ,john xxi4 #ae-ag2 & x seems to be q unreasonable to dissociate ! au?oritative commission to 'absolve & reta91' ,/4 ,john xx4 #bj-bc1 f ! apo/olic (fice4 ,dr4 ,hort w\ld app>5tly #bgj dissociate su* passages z ^? la/ ref]r$ to f ! apo/olic (fice1 & assign !m to ! *ur* z a :ole4 ,b h[ !n does he acc\nt = ! au?ority inh]5t 9 ! apo/olic (fice1 z x is repres5t$ by ,/4 ,paul1 & 9 ! ,acts8 ,/4 ,paul's conception ( ! au?ority ( ! apo/les is b>ely consid]$ by him2 & ! au?ority ( ! apo/olate 9 ! ,acts is /rangely m9imiz$4 ,no?+ is said ( ,simon's impression--surely a true "o--t ! apo/les _h ! 'au?ority' to convey ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/ by ! lay+ on ( h&s 7viii4 #ai74 ,c]ta9ly ! phrases us$ t[>d ! *ur*es ( ,antio*1 ,syria1 & ,cilicia1 'to :om we gave no comm&m5t1' 'x seem$ good to ! ,holy ,gho/ & to u to lay ^u y no great] burd5 ?an ^! necess>y ?+s1' imply a gov]nm5tal au?ority1 :i*1 if x is %>$ by ! presbyt]s1 is sub/antially t ( ! apo/les 7,acts xv4 #bd-bh74 ,dr4 ,hort also m9imizes greatly ! elem5t ( (ficial au?ority :i* appe>s almo/ at once 9 ! *ur* by apo/olic appo9tm5t & delegation4 ,no d\bt !re 0 at fir/ an au?ority all[$--z mu/ always be all[$--to ! ackn[l$g$ possessors ( extraord9>y div9e gifts1 especially to ! 'prophets4' ,b 9 ! p]iod ( ,/4 ,paul's lat] activity1 :5 he is fac+ ! future ( ! *ur* & has app>5tly ceas$ to expect an imm$iate return ( ,*ri/1 ^! special gifts retire into ! backgr\nd1 :ile ! ord9>y functions ( gov]nm5t1 & adm9i/ration ( ! ^w & sacram5ts1 rema9 9 ! position :i* !y are p]man5tly to occupy 9 ! h&s ( regul>ly orda9$ (fic]s4 ,dr4 ,hort deals1 z x seems to me1 mo/ unreasonably ) ! pa/oral epi/les4 ,x is surely arbitr>y to dissociate '! gift :i* 0 9 ,timo?y by ! lay+ on ( ,/4 ,paul's h&s1' ! gift ( p[]1 & love1 & discipl9e2 :i* ,timo?y is to '/ir up' 7#b ,tim4 i4 #f71 f #bga t m5tion$ 9 ! fir/ epi/le 7iv4 #ad71 '! gift t is 9 !e1 :i* 0 giv5 !e by prophecy1 ) ! lay+ on ( ! h&s ( ! presbyt]s'2 & to make ! =m] a 'gift' ( m]ely p]sonal piety4 ,& 7ev5 if ! 'lay h&s sudd5ly on no man' be int]pret$1 z ,ellicott & ,hort w\ld int]pret x1 ( ! reception ( a p5it5t7 x seems absurd to d\bt1 9 view ( :at is said ab\t ! lay+ on ( h&s 9 ord9ation ( '! sev5' & ( ! 'evangeli/' ,timo?y1 & 9 view ( ! place x held g5]ally = convey+ spiritual gifts 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 t ?is 0 ! accept$ me?od ( ord9ation 9 all cases2 !re be+ 9 fact no evid5ce to ! contr>y4 ,once m1 ,dr4 ,hort is surely ma9ta9+ an impossible position :51 ev5 9 face ( ! salutation to ! ,philippians1 he d5ies t ! t]m 'episcopus' is us$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t z a regul> title ( an ecclesia/ical (fice4 ,n ev5 ,dr4 ,hort's reputation = s\ndness ( judgem5t c\ld /& aga9/ _m po/hum\s publications su* z ,! ,*ri/ian ,ecclesia4 #a ,n1 z ,dr4 ,hort po9ts out 7,*ri/ian ,ecclesia1 p4 #e71 '! elect 7call$-out7 p4' ,! ^w has 9 fact no su* association atta*$ to x4 #b pp4 #aj1 #aa4 #c ,unless inde$1 9 ,eph4 iii4 #ba1 we %\ld und]/& 'e build+' z mean+ e local *ur* :i*1 fitt$ toge!r ) e o!r1 gr[s into a holy temple1 i4e4 into t :i* only a really ca?olic *ur* c be4 #d ,! same /atem5t w\ld be true ( ,/4 ,ignatius ( ,antio*4 #e #a ,cor4 vii4 #ag4 #f #a ,cor4 xi4 #b1 xv4 #b4 #g #a ,cor4 ix4 #ag4 #h #b ,cor4 x4 #h4 #i #a ,cor4 iv1 #ba4 #aj #a ,cor4 xiv4 #cf2 ,gal4 i4 #h4 ,,note ,f4 ,see p4 #ahh4 ,,! ,,e?ics ,,( ,,ca?olicism4 ,! _w at l>ge is fully aw>e ( ! claim ( ',ca?olicism1' i4e4 ! claim ( ! "o visible *ur* = all sorts ( m54 ,b ! e?ical mean+ ( ! claim has be5 /rangely subord9at$ to its !ological & sac]dotal aspects4 ,its e?ical mean+ seems to me to require develop+ "u heads su* z ^!3-- #a4 ,! requirem5t ( mutual =be>ance if m5 ( all races & classes & idiosyncrasies are to be b\nd #bgb to belong to "o organization & to wor%ip 9 common1 'break+ ! "o bread4' ,h]e9 lies ! moral discipl9e ( ,ca?olicism3 see above1 pp4 #abc foll4 #b4 ,! consequ5t obligation ( tol]ation 9 !ology1 ritual1 c41 on all matt]s :i* d n t\* ! actual basis ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,/4 ,cyprian1 ?\gh he believ$ t ^? baptiz$ outside ! *ur* 7 n baptiz$ at all1 yet delib]ately rema9$ 9 communion ) ^? bi%ops :o ?\ght diff]5tly1 tru/+ to ! m]cy ( ,god to supply ! suppos$ defici5cy 9 ^? :o1 outside 8 jurisdiction1 7 admitt$ into ! *ur*1 z he believ$1 )\t baptism4 ,& ,/4 ,augu/9e1 :o1 mo/ ( anci5t writ]s1 und]/&s ! moral mean+ ( ,ca?olicism1 repeat$ly holds up ?is tol]ation ( ,cyprian z an example to ! ,donati/ sep>ati/s ( 8 own day3 ',if y seek advice f ! bless$ ,cyprian1 he> h[ mu* he anticipates f ! m]e advantage ( unity3 s mu* s t he did n sep>ate himself f ^? :o held diff]5t op9ions3 &1 ?\gh he ?\ght t ^? :o are baptiz$ outside ! communion ( ! *ur* d n receive baptism at all1 yet he believ$ t ^? :o _h ?us be5 simply admitt$ into ! *ur* c\ld on no o!r gr\nd ?an ! bond ( unity come "u ! div9e p>don4' ,!n he quotes ,cyprian's words3 ',b "s "o w say3 :at w happ5 to ^? :o 9 ! pa/1 :5 com+ f h]esy to ! *ur*1 h be5 admitt$ )\t baptism8 7,i reply73 ,god is p[]ful to grant !m =giv5ess by ,8 m]cy1 & n to sep>ate f ! gifts ( ,8 *ur* ^? :o1 aft] be+ ?us simply admitt$ into h]1 h fall5 asleep4' ,& aga93 'judg+ no man & sep>at+ no man f ! rights ( communion because he ?9ks diff]5tly4' ,& ,/4 ,augu/9e cont9ues3 ',all ^! ca?olic #bgc unity embraces 9 h] mo!rly bosom1 be>+ "o ano!r's burd5s 9 turn & endeav\r+ to keep ! unity ( ! _s 9 ! bond ( peace1 until1 9 :atev] respect !y disagre$1 ! ,"l %\ld reveal 7! tru?7 to "o or ! o!r ( !m#a4' ,n to ,/4 ,paul !n1 only1 b to ,/4 ,cyprian & ,/4 ,augu/9e1 doctr9al tol]ation is an ess5tial ( ,ca?olicism4 ,w\ld to ,god ! claim ( ! "o *ur* _h n come to be associat$ s g5]ally ) ! opposite t5d5cy6 ,see above1 pp4 #aeh f4 #c4 ,ca?olicism1 z mean+ a *ur* ( all races & sorts ( p1 po/ulates a con/ant mission>y en?usiasm 9 all ! memb]s ( ! *ur* till ?is ideal be realiz$4 ',to d ! "w ( an evangeli/1' to h ! 'feet %od ) ! prep>ation ( ! ,gospel ( peace1' to be cont5t to leave no?+ b evil outside ! *ur*--t is to be a real ca?olic4 #d4 ,to ,/4 ,paul's m9d ! ,ca?olicism ( ! *ur* is to lead ! way to an ev5 wid] 'reconciliation4' ,?r\gh ! ca?olic union ( m5 9 ! *ur* ! :ole univ]se is to come back into unity4 ,! k+dom ( ,god is to be some?+ wid] ?an ! *ur* :i* exi/s to prep>e = x4 ,?is pr9ciple once recogniz$ secures t ! *ur* %all feel & exhibit a con/ant int]e/ 9 all dep>tm5ts ( k & progress4 ,! univ]se is "o1 & r$emption is = ! :ole4 #e4 ,ca?olicism is ! anti!sis ( esot]icism4 ,all--m5 & wom51 slave or free1 ,greek or ,scy?ian--are capable ( full initiation into ,*ri/ianity4 ,all--n apo/les & presbyt]-bi%ops & deacons only--b all ,*ri/ians make up ! high prie/ly body & h on _! =eheads ! ano9t+ oil3 see above1 pp4 #aaa ff4 ,=be>ance betwe5 div]g5t classes & races & individuals--doctr9al tol]ation--mission>y #bgd en?usiasm--univ]sal sympa?y--recognition ( a univ]sal prie/hood ( ,*ri/ianity--^! con/itute ! moral cont5t ( ,paul9e ,ca?olicism4 #a ,s4 ,aug4 de ,baptismo1 ii4 xiii4 #ah1 xiv4 #bj4 ,,note ,g4 ,see p4 #aij4 ,,! ,,lambe? ,,conf]5ce ,,& ,,indu/rial ,,problems4 ,! ',report ( ! ,committee ( ! ,lambe? ,conf]5ce appo9t$ to consid] & report ^u ! (fice ( ! ,*ur* ) respect to indu/rial problems--7a7 ! unemploy$2 7b7 indu/rial co-op]ation1' is s mu* to ! po9t z a /atem5t ( ,*ri/ian social duty t ,i v5ture to reproduce ! fir/ "p ( x "h4 ',! ,committee desire to beg9 _! ,report ) words ( ?ankful recognition t ?r\gh\t ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 & n lea/ 9 ! ,*ur*es ( our own ,communion1 !re has be5 a m>k$ increase ( solicitude ab\t ! problems ( indu/rial & social life1 & ( sympa?y ) ! /ruggles1 suff]+s1 responsibilities1 & anxieties1 :i* ^? problems involve4 ',!y hope t !y rightly disc]n 9 ?is "s increas+ reflection 9 mod]n %ape ( ! lik5ess ( ! ,"l1 9 ^: bless$ life zeal = ! s\ls1 & sympa?y = ! bodily ne$s ( m5 7 undivid$ fruits ( a s+le love4 ',! ,committee1 be=e proce$+ to t\* ^u two specific p>ts ( ! subject1 desire to record briefly :at !y deem to be c]ta9 pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ian duty 9 su* matt]s4 ',! prim>y duty ( ! ,*ur*1 z su*1 &1 )9 h]1 ( ! ,cl]gy1 is t ( m9i/ry to m5 9 ! ?+s ( "*1 consci5ce1 & fai?4 ,9 do+ ?is1 %e also does h] greate/ social duty4 ,"* 9 ! #bge citiz5 is ! fir/ social ne$2 "*1 ) its securities 9 a c&id1 enlight5$1 & vigor\s consci5ce1 & a /rong fai? 9 goodness & 9 ,god4 ,! ,*ur* owes ?is duty to all classes alike4 ,no?+ mu/ be all[$ to di/ract h] f x1 or ne$lessly to imp$e or prejudice h] 9 its dis*>ge2 & ?is requires ( ! ,cl]gy1 z spiritual (fic]s1 ! ex]cise ( great discretion 9 any attempt to br+ )9 _! sph]e "w ( a m di/9ctively social k9d4 ',b :ile ?is _c be too /rongly said1 x is n ! :ole tru?4 ,"* is influ5c$ at e po9t by social conditions2 & active consci5ce1 9 an indu/rial society1 w look = moral guidance on indu/rial matt]s4 ',economic sci5ce does n claim to give ?is1 its task be+ to in=m b n to det]m9e ! consci5ce & judgem5t4 ,b we believe t ,*ri/ our ,ma/] does give su* guidance by ,8 example & tea*+s1 & by ! pres5t work+s ( ,8 ,_s2 & !re=e "u ,him ,*ri/ian au?ority mu/ 9 a measure d ! same1 ! au?ority1 t is1 ( ! :ole ,*ri/ian body1 & ( an enlight5$ ,*ri/ian op9ion4 ,?is is "p ( ! duty ( ! ,*ri/ian ,society1 z witness+ = ,*ri/ & repres5t+ ,him 9 ?is pres5t _w1 occupi$ ) ,8 "w ( sett+ up ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 "u & amid/ ! natural conditions ( human life4 ,9 ?is "w ! cl]gy1 ^: special duty x is to pond] ! be>+s ( ,*ri/ian pr9ciples1 h _! "p2 b ! ,*ri/ian laity1 :o deal directly ) ! social & economic facts1 c d ev5 m4 ',! ,committee believe t x w\ld be :olly wrong = ,*ri/ian au?ority to attempt to int]f]e ) ! legitimate evolution ( economic & social ?\ght & life by tak+ a side corporately 9 ! debates betwe5 rival social !ories or sy/ems4 ,x w n 7= example71 #bgf at ! pres5t day1 attempt to id5tify ,*ri/ian duty ) ! acceptance ( sy/ems bas$ respectively on collective or individual own]%ip ( ! means ( production4 ',b !y submit t ,*ri/ian social duty w op]ate 9 two directions3-- '#a4 ,! recognition1 inculcation1 & application ( c]ta9 ,*ri/ian pr9ciples4 ,!y (f] ! foll[+ z examples3-- 7a7 ,! pr9ciple ( ,bro!rhood4 ,?is pr9ciple ( ,bro!rhood1 or ,fell[%ip 9 ,*ri/1 proclaim+1 z x does1 t m5 are memb]s "o ( ano!r1 %\ld act 9 all ! relations ( life z a con/ant c\nt]poise to ! in/9ct ( competition4 7b7 ,! pr9ciple ( ,lab\r4 ,t e man is b\nd to s]vice--! s]vice ( ,god & man4 ,lab\r & s]vice are to be "h und]/ood 9 _! wide/ & mo/ inclusive s5se2 b 9 "s s5se !y are obligatory on all4 ,! wilfully idle man1 & ! man :o lives only = himself1 are out ( place 9 a ,*ri/ian community4 ,"w1 accord+ly1 is n to be look$ ^u z an irksome necessity = "s1 b z ! hon\rable task & privilege ( all4 7c7 ,! pr9ciple ( ,ju/ice4 ,god is no respect] ( p]sons4 ,inequalities1 inde$1 ( e k9d are inwov5 ) ! :ole provid5tial ord] ( human life1 & are recogniz$ emphatically 9 our ,"l's words4 ,b ! social ord] _c ignore ! int]e/s ( any ( its p>ts1 & mu/1 moreov]1 be te/$ by ! degree 9 :i* x secures = ea* fre$om = happy1 useful1 & untrammell$ life1 & di/ributes1 z widely & equitably z may be1 social advantages & opportunities4 7d7 ,! pr9ciple ( ,public ,responsibility4 ,a ,*ri/ian community1 z a :ole1 is morally responsible = #bgg ! "* ( its own economic & social ord]1 & = decid+ to :at ext5t matt]s affect+ t ord] are to be left to individual initiative1 & to ! unregulat$ play ( economic =ces4 ,factory & sanit>y legislation1 ! in/itution ( ,gov]nm5t lab\r dep>tm5ts & ! influ5ce ( ,gov]nm5t1 or ( public op9ion & ! press1 or ( em95t citiz5s1 9 help+ to avoid or reconcile indu/rial conflicts1 are in/ances 9 po9t4 '#b4 ,*ri/ian op9ion %\ld be awake to repudiate & condemn ei!r op5 brea*es ( social ju/ice & duty1 or maxims & pr9ciples ( an un-,*ri/ian "*4 ,x ought to condemn ! belief t economic conditions are to be left to ! action ( mat]ial causes & me*anical laws1 uncontroll$ by any moral responsibility4 ,x c pron\nce c]ta9 conditions ( lab\r to be intol]able4 ,x c insi/ t ! employ]'s p]sonal responsibility1 z su*1 is n lo/ by 8 memb]%ip 9 a comm]cial or indu/rial ,company4 ,x c press ^u retail pur*as]s ! obligation to consid] n only ! *eapness ( ! goods suppli$ to !m1 b also ! probable conditions ( _! production4 ,x c speak pla9ly ( evils :i* atta* to ! economic sy/em "u :i* we live1 su* z c]ta9 =ms ( luxuri\s extravagance1 ! widespread pursuit ( money by f9ancial gambl+1 ! di%one/ies ( trade into :i* m5 are driv5 by fev]i% competition1 & ! viol5ces & reprisals ( indu/rial w>f>e4 ',x is pla9 t 9 ^! matt]s disapproval mu/ take e diff]5t %ade1 f pla9 condemnation ( und\bt$ wrong to t5tative op9ions ab\t bett] & worse4 ,accord+ly any organic action ( ! ,*ur*1 or any action ( ! ,*ur*'s (fic]s1 z su*1 %\ld be v c>efully re/rict$ to cases :]e ! rule ( "r is practically cle>1 & mu* ! l>g] "p ( ! matt] #bgh %\ld be left to ! free & flexible ag5cy ( ! awak5$ ,*ri/ian consci5ce ( ! community at l>ge1 & ( its individual memb]s4 ',if ! ,*ri/ian consci5ce be ?us awak5$ & active1 x w secure ! be/ adm9i/ration ( p>ticul> sy/ems1 :ile !y exi/1 & ! modification or *ange ( !m1 :5 ?is is requir$ by ! progress ( k1 ?\ght1 & life4 ',x appe>s to foll[ f :at prec$es t ! great ne$ ( ! ,*ur*1 9 ?is connexion1 is ! gr[? & ext5sion ( a s]i\s1 intellig5t1 & sympa!tic op9ion on ^! subjects1 to :i* numb]less ,*ri/ians h z yet nev] ?\ght ( apply+ ,*ri/ian pr9ciples4 ,!re has be5 ( late no little improvem5t 9 ?is respect1 b mu* rema9s to be done1 & ) ?is view ! ,committee desire to make ! foll[+ def9ite recomm5dation4 ',!y sugge/ t1 :]ev] possible1 !re %\ld be =m$1 z a "p ( local ,*ur* organization1 ,committees consi/+ *iefly ( laym51 ^: "w %\ld be to /udy social & indu/rial problems f ! ,*ri/ian po9t ( view1 & to assi/ 9 creat+ & /r5g!n+ an enlight5$ public op9ion 9 reg>d to su* problems1 & promot+ a m active _s ( social s]vice1 z a "p ( ,*ri/ian duty4 ',su* ,committees1 or bodies ( ,*ur* work]s 9 ! way ( social s]vice1 :ile repres5t+ no "o class ( society1 & ab/a9+ f tak+ sides 9 any disputes betwe5 classes1 %\ld fe>lessly draw att5tion to ! v>i\s causes 9 our economic1 indu/rial1 & social sy/em1 :i* call = rem$ial measures on ,*ri/ian pr9ciples4' ,abundant illu/ration ( ! k9d ( matt]s ) :i* su* ,committees might deal w be f\nd 9 ! report4 ,,ox=d3 ,,horace ,,h>t ,,pr9t] ,,to ,,! ,,univ]sity