,transcrib]'s ,note ,a numb] ( typographical errors h be5 ma9ta9$ 9 ?is v]sion ( ?is book4 ,!y h be5 m>k$ ) a & a description may be f\nd 9 ! complete li/ at ! end ( ! text4 ,irregul> & non-/&>d spell+ has be5 ma9ta9$ z pr9t$4 ,,lectures ,,on ,,horseman%ip1 ,:]e9 is ,expla9$ ,,e ,,necess>y ,,in/ruction ,,= ,,bo? ,,ladies ,,& ,,g5tlem51 ,9 ! ,useful & ,polite ,,art ,,( ,,rid+1 ,,) ,,ease1 ,,elegance1 ,,& ,,safety1 ,,by ,t4 ,s4 ,pr(essor ( ,horseman%ip4 ,,london3 #agic4 ,,lecture ,,on ,,horseman%ip4 ,address to ! ,audi5ce4 ,,ladies ,,& ,,g5tlem54 ,p]mit me to obs]ve t ! ,horse is an animal1 :i*1 f ! e>lie/ ages ( ! _w1 has be5 de/9$ to ! pleasure & s]vices ( ,man2 ! v>i\s & noble qualities ) :i* nature has end[$ him suffici5tly speak+ ! ends = :i* he 0 design$4 ,mank9d 7 n long be=e !y 7 acqua9t$ ) !m1 & f\nd ! means ( apply+ !m to ! purposes = :i* !y 7 giv53 ?is is app>5t f ! ,hi/ories & traditions ( almo/ all nations1 ev5 f times ! mo/ remote2 insomu* t _m nations & tribes1 or colonies ( p1 :o 7 entirely ignorant1 or _h b v imp]fect notions1 ( o!r improvem5ts & arts ( life2 & ev5 at ?is day#c-99 are unacqua9t$ ) !m1 yet saw & und]/ood ! g5]\s prop]ties ( ?is creature 9 s /rong a light z to treat him ) fondness & ! greate/ att5tion1 suffici5tly to decl>e ! high op9ion !y ent]ta9$ ( 8 m]it & excell5ce2 nay 9 v>i\s regions1 & 9 ! mo/ di/ant ages1 7 s f> f be+ /rang]s to ! _m s]vices ( :i* ! ,horse 0 capable1 z to h left rules & precepts conc]n+ !m1 :i* are s true & j1 t !y h be5 adopt$ by _! successors2 & z all art is progressive1 & receives additions & improvem5ts 9 its c\rse1 z ! sagacity ( man at diff]5t times1 or *ance & o!r causes happ5 & concur3 s t hav+ ! ,anci5t's f\ndation to erect our build+1 x is natural to suppose t ! /ructure has receiv$ _m beauties & improvem5ts f ! exp]i5ce & ref9em5t ( latt] times4 ,x is g5]ally suppos$ t ! fir/ s]vice 9 :i* ! ,horse 0 employ$1 0 to assi/ mank9d 9 mak+ w>1 or 9 ! pleasures & occupations ( ! *ase4 ,x5ophon1 :o wrote ?ree hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ,bir? ( ,*ri/1 says1 9 an express treatise :i* he wrote on ,horseman%ip1 t ,cyrus hunt$ on ,horseback1 :5 he _h a m9d to ex]cise himself & horses4 ,h]odotus speaks ( hunt+ on ,horseback z an ex]cise us$ 9 ! "t ( ,d>ius1 & x is probably ( mu* e>li] date4 ,he p>ticulatly m5tions a fall :i* ,d>ius _h f 8 horse 9 hunt+1 by :i* he dislocat$ 8 heel3 ^! & ?\s&s ( quotations m1 :i* might be produc$ z pro(s ( ! utility ( ! ,horse1 9 remote ages1 are tru?s s indisputably atte/$ t to enl>ge f>!r ^u x w\ld be a sup]flu\s lab\r1 & =eign to my pres5t und]tak+4 ,,on ,,m\nt+ ,,y\r ,,horse4 ,fir/ we w suppose y\r horse prop]ly saddl$ & bridl$4 ,take y\r ,brid\n-re9 7if y h ,bit & ,brid\n7 y\r "r-h&1 %ift+ x till y h f\nd ! c5t] ( ! re92 !n ) y\r swit* or :ip 9 y\r left-h&1 place y\r little f+] betwe5 ! re9s1 s t ! "r re9 lies flat 9 y\r h& ^u ?ree f+]s1 & y\r ?umb press+ y\r left re9 flat ^u ! "r1 keep+ y\r ?umb bo? ^u "r & left re91 firm ^u y\r =e-f+]2 & 9 ?is position y ease y\r h& a little & slide x firmly d[n ! re9s ^u y\r horse's neck1 tak+ a firm hold ( a lock ( 8 mane1 :i* w assi/ y 9 spr++ to m\nt3 rememb] t :5 y attempt to m\nt1 t y\r re9s are n s tight z to *eck y\r horse1 or to (f5d 8 m\?1 s z to cause him to re>1 or re9 back1 b t y\r action is smoo? & light z possible4 ,y\r horse be+ firmly /ay$1 y next take y\r ,/irrup-lea!r 9 y\r ,"r-h&1 ab\t f\r in*es f ! /irrup-iron1 & fix "o ?ird ( y\r foot 9 ! /irrup1 /&+ squ>e ) y\r horse's side2 next take a firm hold ) y\r "r h& on ! ,cantlet or back "p ( ! saddle1 r on ! (f side ( x1 & ) y\r left knee pre/ firm aga9/ ! horse's side1 spr+ y\rself up p]p5dicul>ly1 b5d+ ! small ( y\r back & look+ *e>fully up r ?an d[n4 ,! next move y make is to remove y\r "r-h& f ! ,cantlet & place x firm ^u ! ,pummel1 or front ( y\r saddle1 be>+ y\r weight ^u x1 at ! same "t b5d y\r "r knee1 & br+ y\r body r\nd1 look+ /rait ov] y\r horse's head1 lett+ y\rself firmly & easily d[n into y\r seat1 ) ! %\ld]s easily back1 b5t well 9 y\r wai/ or lo9s1 & y\r *e/ well pres5t$ 9 front1 ) a pleasant uncontract$ c\nt5ance4 ,y ( c\rse next recov] or take y\r swit*1 :i* is done by putt+ y\r "r-h& ov] y\r left1 & ) a quick firm motion take x 9 y\r "r h&1 hold+ ! same p]p5dicul>ly4 ,proce$ u next to ! adju/+ ! ,re9s1 :i* is ( ! utmo/ use4 ,suppos+ y ride ) ,bit & ,brid\n1 be+ f\r 9 numb]1 place !m all ev5 & flat 9 y\r left h&1 exactly 9 ! same mann] z describ$ 9 tak+ ! ,brid\n 9 m\nt+2 t is to say1 y\r f\r re9s plac$ ev51 ! "o ^u ! o!r1 rememb]+ always to place y\r ,brid\ns on ! outsides1 s t y may any "t l5g!n or %ort5 !m at pleasure1 )\t putt+ ! :ole into confusion1 & cause ! ,bit to act alone1 or ,brid\n alone1 or bo? ,bit & ,brid\n to act toge!r4 ,i h obs]v$ be=e t only y\r little f+] %\ld be betwe5 ! re9s :5 only two1 x is ! same n[ f\r1 s n[ y\r two re9s on ! "r side ( y\r horse's neck lie flat ^u y\r ?ree f+]s 9 y\r left-h&1 y\r two left re9s plac$ flat ^u ! "r1 & y\r ?umb press$ flat ^u all f\r4 ,?is is ! only sure me?od to keep y\r re9s firm1 free f confusion1 & to cause !m to act prop]ly2 :i* any lady or g5tleman w be conv9c$ ( if !y w only give !mselves ! pleasure to practise1 z ,i _c call x a tr\ble4 ,if x %\ld be dem&$ :y ! horse w\ld n ride z well ) only ! ,brid\n1 )\t ! ,bit8 my answ] is t suppose y\r horse becomes h>d & heavy 9 h&1 on be+ rode by bo? ,bit & ,brid\n1 :]e !y h bo? act$ toge!r3 y on ?is %ort5 y\r ,bit-re9s :]eby !y act alone ! ,brid\ns becom+ slack1 y\r horse in/antly becomes light 9 h&1 z ?\gh t\*$ by a magick /ick1 re9+ 8 neck prop]ly1 is imm$iately light be=e1 ga!rs himself ^u 8 haun*es1 & :at appe>$1 b n[ a g>ronly sluggi% bea/ we>s ! appe>ance ( a well dress$ horse4 ,well & ?or\gh broke horses ) m\?s made f9e & to answ] ! nice/ t\* ( feel+1 are 9 g5]al rode by ! ,bit alone1 ! ,brid\ns hang+ loose & seem m = ornam5t ?an use2 b yet 9 ! h& ( a skillful horseman are ( ! greate/ utility2 = by h&l+ y\r "r ,brid\n-re9 lightly ) y\r :ip h& at prop] times2 y c always raise y\r horse's head if too l[1 y may take ! lib]ty ( eas+ y\r ,bit-re9s at times1 s t play+ ^u 8 m\?1 z x 7 an ,in/rum5t ( musick1 y w always keep 8 m\? 9 tune4 ,i _c f9d a ju/] simile ?an1 t ! ,horse is ! ,in/rum5t & ! ,rid] ! ,play]2 & :5 ! horse is well broke & tun$ prop]ly1 & ! rid] kn[s h[ to keep him 9 t /ate1 he is nev] at a loss to play ^u him2 b if suff]$ to g out ( tune1 by ! want ( skill 9 ! horseman1 & to imbibe bad habits1 ! horseman n be+ able to screw him up1 & tune him z be=e3 ! ,in/rum5t is ?r[n by z useless1 or may be sold = a trifle1 & by *ance fall+ into able h&s1 t "k h[ to manage & put him once m toge!r2 he aga9 becomes z good z ev]3 & ?is ,i h (t5 be5 a witness to4 ,?us mu* = ! adju/m5t ( ! ,re9s 9 ! ,h&4 ,,! ,,horseman',s ,,seat3 ,! pr9ciples & rules :i* h hi!rto be5 giv5 = ! horseman's seat are v>i\s1 & ev5 opposite1 accord+ z !y h be5 adopt$ by diff]5t ma/]s1 & taught 9 diff]5t c\ntries1 almo/ by ea* ma/] 9 p>ticul>2 & e nation hav+ c]ta9 rules & notions ( _! own4 ,let u see1 h[ev]1 if art has discov]$ no?+ t is c]ta9 & inv>iably true4--,! ,italians1 ! ,spani>ds1 ! ,fr5* &1 9 a ^w1 e c\ntry :]e ,rid+ is 9 repute1 adopt ea* a po/ure :i* is peculi> to !mselves3 ! f\ndation ( _! g5]al notions is ! same1 b ea* c\ntry has prescrib$ rules = ! plac+ ! man on ! saddle4 ,?is contr>iety ( op9ions :i* h _! orig9 m 9 prejudice ?an 9 tru? & reality1 has giv5 rise to _m va9 reason+s & speculations1 ea* ,sy/em hav+ its foll[]s2 & z if tru? 0 n always ! same1 & un*angeable1 b at lib]ty to assume v>i\s & ev5 opposite %apes2 sometimes "o op9ion prevail$1 sometimes ano!r1 insomu* t ^? :o und]/& no?+ ( ! subject1 b yet are desir\s ( be+ in=m$1 by se>*+ x to ! bottom1 h hi!rto be5 lo/ 9 d\bt & p]plexity4 ,!re is nev]!less a sure & infallible me?od1 by ! assi/ance ( :i* x w\ld be v easy to ov]turn all ^! sy/ems2 b n to ent] into a ne$less detail ( ! extravagant notions1 :i* ! ,seat alone has giv5 rise to2 ,i w "h endeav\r to trace x f pr9ciples by s mu* ! m solid1 z _! au?ority w be support$ by ! mo/ conv9c+ & self evid5t reasons4 ,9 ord] to succe$ 9 an art :]e ! me*anism ( ! body is absolutely necess>y1 & :]e ea* "p ( ! body has its prop] functions1 :i* are peculi> to t "p2 x is mo/ c]ta9 t all & e "p ( ! body %\ld be 9 a natural po/ure3 7 !y 9 an imp]fect situation !y w\ld want t ease & fre$om :i* is insep>able f grace2 & z e motion :i* is con/ra9$ be+ false 9 itself1 & incapable ( ju/ness1 x is cle> t ! "p s con/ra9$ & =c$ w\ld ?r[ ! :ole into confusion2 because ea* "p belong+ to & dep5d+ ^u ! :ole body1 & ! body p>tak+ ( ! con/ra9t ( its p>ts1 c nev] feel t fix$ po9t1 t j c\nt]poise & equality1 9 :i* alone a f9e & j execution consi/s4 ,! objects to :i* a ma/]1 anxi\s = ! advancem5t ( 8 pupil1 %\ld att5d1 are inf9ite4 ,to little purpose w x be to keep ! /ricte/ eye ^u all ! p>ts & ,limbs ( 8 pupil's ,body2 9 va9 w he endeav\r to rem$y all ! defects & faults :i* are f\nd 9 ! po/ure ( almo/ e s*ol> 9 ! beg9n+1 unless he is intimately acqua9t$ ) ! close dep5dance & connexion !re is betwe5 ! motions ( "o "p ( ! body ) ! re/2 a correspond5ce caus$ by ! reciprocal action ( ! muscles1 :i* gov]n & direct !m3 unless1 !re=e1 he is ma/] ( ?is secret1 & has 8 clue to ! labyr9?1 he w nev] atta9 ! end he proposes2 p>ticul>ly 9 8 fir/ lessons1 ^u :i* ! success ( ! re/ always dep5d4 ,^! pr9ciples be+ e/abli%$ we may reason 9 consequ5ce ( !m ) cle>ness4 ,9 horseman%ip1 ! ,body ( man is divid$ into ?ree p>ts2 two ( :i* are moveable1 ! ?ird immoveable4 ,! fir/ ( ! two moveable p>ts is ! ,trunk or ,body1 d[n to ! ,wai/2 ! second is f ! ,knees to ! ,feet2 s t ! immoveable "p is betwe5 ! wai/ & ! knees4 ,! p>ts !n :i* ought to be )\t motion are ! ,=k1 or ,twi/ ( ! horseman1 & 8 ?ighs2 n[ t ^! p>ts %\ld be kept )\t motion1 !y ought to h a c]ta9 hold & c5t] to re/ ^u1 :i* no motion t ! horse c make c di/urb or loo/52 ?is po9t or c5t] is ! basis ( ! hold :i* ! horseman has ^u 8 horse1 & is :at is call$ ! ,,seat2 n[ if ! seat is no?+ else b ?is po9t or c5t]1 x mu/ foll[1 t n only ! true grace1 b ! symmetry & true proportion ( ! :ole attitude dep5d ^u ^? p>ts ( ! body t are immoveable4 ,let ! horseman !n place himself at once1 ^u 8 ,twi/1 sitt+ exactly 9 ! middle ( ! saddle2 let him support ?is po/ure1 9 :i* ! ,twi/ alone seems to su/a9 ! weight ( ! :ole body1 by mod]ately lean+ ^u 8 buttock4 ,let ! ,?ighs be turn$ inw>d1 & re/ flat ^u ! sides ( ! saddle2 & 9 ord] to ?is let ! turn ( ! ?ighs proce$ directly f ! hips1 & let him employ no =ce or /r5g? to keep himself 9 ! saddle1 b tru/ entirely to ! weight ( 8 body & ?ighs2 ?is is ! exact equilibrio3 9 ?is & ?is only consi/s ! firmness & support ( ! :ole build+2 a firmness :i* "y beg9n]s are nev] s5sible ( at fir/1 b :i* is to be acquir$1 & w always be atta9$ by ex]cise & practise4 ,i dem& b a mod]ate /ress ^u ! buttocks1 because a man t sits full ^u !m c nev] turn 8 ?ighs flat to ! saddle2 ! ?ighs %\ld always lay flat to ! saddle1 because1 ! fle%y "p ( !m be+ ins5sible1 ! horseman w\ld n o!rwise be able s nicely to feel ! motions ( 8 horse3 ,i insi/ t ! turn ( ! ,?igh mu/ be f ! ,hip1 because x c nev] be natural1 b z x proce$s f ! holl[ ( ! hip bone4 ,i insi/ f>!r t ! horseman nev] avails himself ( ! /r5g? or help ( 8 ?ighs1 except he lets 8 :ole weight re/ ^u ! c5t]1 z be=e describ$2 because ! clos] he presses !m to ! saddle1 ! m w he be lift$ above ! saddle on any sudd5 or iregul> motion ( ! ,horse4 ,hav+ ?us firmly plac$ ! immovable p>ts1 ,i n[ pass on to ! fir/ ( ! ,movables1 :i* is z ,i h already obs]v$ ! body z f> z to ! wai/4 ,i compreh5d 9 ! ,body1 ! ,head1 ! ,%\ld]s1 ! ,brea/1 ! ,arms1 ,h&s1 ,re9s & ,wai/ ( ! ,horseman4 ,! head %\ld be free1 firm & easy1 9 ord] to be ready = all ! natural motions t ! horseman may make 9 turn+ to "o side or ! o!r4 ,x %\ld be firm1 t is to say1 /rait1 )\t lean+ to ! "r or left1 nei!r advanc$ nor ?r[n back2 x %\ld be easy because if o!rwise x w\ld occasion a /iffness1 & t /iffness affect+ ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! body1 especially ! back bone1 ! :ole w\ld be )\t ease & con/ra9$4 ,! %\ld]s alone influ5ce by _! motions t ( ! brea/ ! re9s & wai/4 ,! horseman %\ld pres5t or advance 8 brea/1 by t 8 :ole figure op5s & displays itself2 he %\ld h a small holl[ 9 8 re9s1 & pu% ! wai/ =w>d to ! pommel ( ! saddle1 because ?is position corresponds & unites him to all ! motions ( ! horse4 ,n[ only ?r[+ ! %\ld]s back1 produces all ^! effects1 & gives !m exactly 9 ! degree t is requisite2 :]eas if we 7 to look = ! p>ticul> position ( ea* "p sep]ately & by itself1 )\t exam9+ ! connection t !re is betwe5 ! motions ( "o "p ) ^? ( ano!r1 !re w\ld be su* a b5d+ 9 8 re9s t ! horseman w\ld be1 if ,i may s say1 holl[ back$2 & z f t he w\ld =ce 8 brea/ =w>d & 8 wai/ t[>ds ! pommel ( ! saddle1 he w\ld be flung back1 & mu/ sit ^u ! rump ( ! horse4 ,! arms %\ld be b5t at ! elb[s1 & ! elb[s %\ld re/ equally ^u ! hips2 if ! arms 7 /rait1 ! consequ5ce w\ld be1 t ! h&s w\ld be too l[1 or at too great a di/ance f ! body2 & if ! elb[s 7 n kept /eady1 !y w\ld ( consequ5ce1 give an unc]ta9ty & fickl5ess to ! h&1 suffici5t to ru9 x = ev]4 ,x is true t ! ,bridle-h& is t :i* absolutely ought to be /eady & immoveable2 & we might conclude f h5ce1 t ! left elb[ only ought to re/ ^u ! hip2 b grace consi/s 9 ! exact proportion & symmetry ( all ! p>ts ( ! body1 & to h ! arm on "o side rais$ & advanc$1 & t ( ! o!r kept d[n & close to ! body w\ld pres5t b an aukw>d & disagreeable appe>ance4 ,x is ?is :i* det]m9es ! situation ( ! h& :i* holds ! :ip2 ! left h& be+ ( an equal heigh? ) ! elb[2 s t ! knuckle ( ! little f+]1 & ! tip ( ! elb[ be bo? 9 a l9e1 ?is h& !n be+ r\nd$ nei!r too mu* nor too little1 b j s t ! wri/ may direct all its motions1 place y\r "r h&1 or ! :ip h&1 l[] & m =w>d ?an ! bridle h&4 ,x %\ld be l[] ?an ! bridle h& because if x 0 ^u a level ) x1 x w\ld re/ra9 or ob/ruct its motions2 & 7 x to be high]1 z x _c take s great a compass z ! bridle h&1 :i* mu/ always be kept ov] aga9/ ! horseman's body3 x is absolutely necess>y to keep ! proportion ( ! elb[s1 t x %\ld be l[] ?an ! o!r4 ,! legs & feet make up ! second division ( :at ,i call ! moveable p>ts ( ! body3 ! legs s]ve = two purposes1 !y may be us$ z aids or corrections to ! horse1 !y %\ld !n be kept ne> ! sides ( ! horse1 & 9 a p]p5dicul> l9e ) ! horseman's body2 = be+ ne> ! "p ( ! horse's body :]e 8 feel+ is mo/ delicate1 !y are ready to d _! (fice 9 ! in/ant !y are want$4 ,moreov]1 z !y are an ap5dix ( ! ?ighs if ! ?igh is ^u its flat 9 ! saddle1 !y w by a necess>y consequ5ce be turn$ j z !y ought1 & w infallibly give ! same turn to ! feet1 because ! feet dep5d ^u !m1 z !y dep5d ^u ! ?ighs4 ,! toe %\ld be held a little high] !n ! heel1 = if ! toe 0 l[e/ ! heel w\ld be too ne> ! sides ( 8 horse & w\ld be 9 dang] ( t\*+ 8 horse ) 8 spurs at p]haps ! v in/ant he %\ld avoid su* aid or correction4 ,_m p]sons not)/&+1 :5 !y raise _! toe1 b5d & twi/ _! ankle z if !y 7 lame 9 ! "p4 ,! reason ( ?is is v pla92 because !y make use ( ! muscles 9 _! legs & ?ighs1 :]eas !y %\ld only employ jo9t ( ! foot = ?is purpose1 ,su* is 9 %ort ! me*anical disposition ( all ! p>ts ( ! horseman's body4 ,^! ideas prop]ly dige/$ ! practition] w be able to prescribe rules = giv+ ! true & natural ,seat1 :i* is n only ! pr9ciples ( ju/ness1 b likewise ! f\ndation ( all grace 9 ! horseman1 ( c\rse1 ! fir/ endeav\r ( ^? :o wi% to become horsem51 %\ld be to atta9 a firm & graceful seat3 ! p]fection ( :i*1 z ( mo/ o!r arts & accompli%m5ts dep5d ^u ! ease & simplicity ) :i* !y are execut$1 be+ free f affectation & con/ra9t z to appe> q natural & famili>4 ,!re=e ! immoveable p>ts z be=e obs]v$ ought to be s f> )\t motion z n to wriggle & roll ab\t s z to di/urb ! horse1 or r5d] ! seat weak & loose3 b ! ?ighs may be relax$ to a c]ta9 degree ) propriety & advantage1 :5 ! horse hesitates & d\bts :e!r he %all advance or n2 & ! body may likewise1 ^u "s occasions1 become moveable & *ange its po/ure to a c]ta9 degree1 z :5 ! horse reta9s himself1 x may be flung back m or less z ! case requires2 & consequ5tly incl9$ =w>d :5 ! horse rises s high z to be 9 dang] ( fall+ backw>ds2 :at keeps a %ip on ! sea /eady8 ,,balla/1 by ! same rule1 :at keeps ! horseman ,,/eady8 tru/+ to ! weight ( 8 body3 x is = ?is reason t beg9n]s are fir/ made to ride )\t /irrups2 = 7 !y all[$ to use !m be=e !y _h acquir$ an equilibrio & 7 able to /ret* _! legs & ?ighs well d[n1 s z to set firmly 9 ! saddle1 & close to x1 !y w\ld ei!r loose _! /irrups by n be+ able to keep _! feet 9 !m2 or ! /irrups mu/ be tak5 up mu* too %ort1 9 :i* case ! rid] w\ld be pu%$ upw>ds f ! saddle1 & ! ,seat de/roy$ ?r\gh\t2 z ! p>ts ( ! body l ! l9ks ( a *a9 dep5d+ ^u "o ano!r1 safety likewise requires !y %\ld ride )\t !m at fir/1 z 9 case ( fall+ tis less dang]\s4 ,x is ! g5]al practice ( ^? :o und]take to tea* horseman%ip1 :5 !y put a s*ol> ^u a horse1 to mix & conf\nd _m rules & precepts toge!r1 :i* ought to be di/9ct & sep]ate2 su* z mak+ him att5d to ! guidance ( ! horse1 dem&+ an exactness ( h&1 & o!r p>ticul>s1 :i* !y cr\d ^u him be=e he is able to execute1 or ev5 und]/& half ( !m4 ,i w\ld recomm5d a sl[] pace at fir/ be+ likely to ga9 m gr\nd at ! end+ po/1 & n to p]plex ! s*ol> ) ,aids1 ( ! effects ( ! ,h&1 & m nice & ess5tial p>ts ( ! ,,art3 till ! ,,seat is ga9$ & ,,confirm$4 ,= ?is purpose let ! seat alone be cultivat$ = "s "t1 & :5 ! s*ol> is arriv$ at a c]ta9 degree ( firmness & confid5ce s z to be tru/$1 ,i w\ld always advise ! ma/] to take hold ( ! longe+ re9 & let ! pupil intirely leave ! gov]n+ ( 8 horse to him1 go+ suffici5tly to bo? h&s hold+ 8 h&s beh9d him4 ,?is w1 ,i insi/ ^u x v soon settle him ) firmness to ! saddle1 w place 8 head1 w /ret* him d[n 9 8 saddle1 w tea* him to lean g5tly to ! side to :i* he turns s z to unite himself to 8 horse & g ) him & w give t firmness ease1 & j poize ( body1 :i* con/itute a p]fect ,seat1 f\nd$ 9 tru? & nature & ^u pr9ciples s c]ta91 t :oev] %all ?9k fit to r$uce !m to practise w f9d !m confirm$ & ju/ifi$ by x4 ,nor w\ld x be improp] to accu/om ! s*ol> to m\nt & dism\nt on bo? sides ( 8 horse1 z _m ?+s may occur to make x necess>y1 z well z t he _c h too mu* activity & address1 = ?is reason tis a pity t ! art ( ,vault+ is discont9u$4--,& !re is ano!r duty too ess5tial to be omitt$1 b hi!rto n p]=m$ by matt]s1 :i* is to in/ruct _! pupils 9 ! pr9ciples & !ory ( ! ,art1 expla9+ h[ ! natural paces are p]=m$1 :]e9 !y diff] f ea* o!r1 & 9 :at _! p]fection consi/s2 :i*1 by n jo9+ !ory ) practice1 are unkn[n to _m1 :o may %9e 9 a m5age1 b "w z me*anically & sup]ficially z ! v horse ?ay ride4 ,hav+ ?us f> said :at ) practice w be suffici5t to =m ! seat ( ! ,horseman1 ,i %all next endeav\r to describe ! use ( ! bridle h& & its effects1 c4 ,,( ,,! ,,bridle ,,h&4 ,! k ( ! diff]5t *>act]s1 & diff]5t natures ( horses1 toge!r ) ! vices & imp]fections1 z well z ! exact & j proportions ( ! p>ts ( a horse's body1 is ! f\ndation ^u :i* is built ! !ory ( ! art ( horseman%ip2 b ?is !ory w be useless & ev5 unnecess>y if we are n able to c>ry x into execution4 ,?is dep5ds ^u ! goodness & quickness ( feel+2 & 9 ! delicacy :i* nature alone c give1 & :i* %e does n always be/[4 ,! fir/ s5sation ( ! h& consi/s 9 a great] or less degree ( f95ess 9 ! t\* or feel+2 a feel+ 9 ! h& ( ! horseman1 :i* ought to communicate & answ] to ! same degree ( feel+ 9 ! horse's m\?1 because !re is z mu* diff]5ce 9 ! degrees ( feel+ 9 m5 z !re is 9 ! m\?s ( horses4 ,i suppose !n a man1 :o is n only capable to judge ( a horse's m\? by !ory1 b :o has likewise by nature t f95ess ( t\* :i* helps to =m a good h&2 let u see !n :at are ! rules :i* we %\ld foll[ 9 ord] to make x p]fect1 & by :i* we mu/ direct all its op]ations4 ,a horse c move f\r diff]5t ways2 he c advance1 g back1 turn to ! ,"r & to ! ,left2 b he _c make ^! diff]5t movem5ts except ! h& ( ! ,rid] p]mits him1 by mak+ f\r o!r motions :i* answ] to !m2 s t !re are five diff]5t positions = ! h&4 ,! fir/ is t g5]al position f :i* proce$ ! o!r f\r4 ,hold y\r h& ?ree in*es bread? f y\r body1 z high z y\r elb[1 9 su* a mann] t ! jo9t ( y\r little-f+] be ^u a "r l9e ) ! tip ( y\r elb[2 let y\r wri/ be suffici5tly r\nd$ s t y\r knuckles may be kept directly above ! neck ( y\r horse2 let y\r f+] nails be exactly opposite y\r body1 ! little f+] r ne>] to x ?an ! o!rs2 y\r ?umb q flat ^u ! re9s1 sep>at$ z be=e describ$1 & ?is is ! g5]al ,position4 ,does y\r horse g =w>ds1 or r w\ld y h him g =w>ds8 yeild to him y\r h&1 & = t purpose turn y\r nails d[nw>ds1 9 su* a mann] z to br+ y\r ?umb ne> y\r body1 & y\r little-f+] !n f x1 & br+ x to ! place :]e y\r knuckles 7 9 ! fir/ position4 ,keep+ y\r nails directly above ! neck ( y\r horse4--,?is is ! second ,position4 ,w\ld y make y\r horse g backw>ds1 quit ! fir/ position2 let y\r wri/ be q r\nd1 y\r ?umb 9 ! place ( ! little f+] 9 ! second position1 & ! little-f+] 9 t ( ! ?umb1 turn+ y\r nails q upw>ds1 & t[>ds y\r face1 & y\r knuckles w be t[>ds y\r horse's neck4--,?is is ! ?ird ,position4 ,w\ld y turn y\r horse to ! ,"r8 leave ! fir/ position2 c>ry y\r nails to ! "r1 turn+ y\r h& upside d[n1 9 su* a mann] t y\r ?umb be c>ri$ out to ! left1 & ! little-f+] br\ght 9 to ! ,"r4--,?is is ! f\r? ,position4 ,la/ly1 w\ld y turn y\r horse to ! ,left8 quit aga9 ! fir/ position1 c>ry ! back ( y\r h& a little to ! left1 s t ! knuckles come "u a little1 t y\r ?umb may incl9e to ! "r1 & ! little-f+] to ! left4--,?is makes ! fif? ,position4 ,^! diff]5t ,positions1 h[ev]1 alone are n suffici5t2 we mu/ be able to pass f "o to ! o!r ) read9ess & ord]4 ,?ree qualities are necess>y to ! h&4 ,viz4 ,,firm1 ,,g5tle1 & ,,light3 ,i call t a firm h&1 or /eady h& ^: feel+ corresponds exactly ) ! feel+ 9 ! horse's m\?1 & :i* consi/s 9 a c]ta9 degree ( /ead9ess1 :i* con/itutes t j correspond5ce betwe5 ! h& & ! horse's m\?1 :i* e horseman wi%es to f9d4 ,an easy or g5tle h&4 ,i call t :i*1 relax+ a little ( its /r5g? & firmness1 eases & mitigates ! degree ( feel+ betwe5 ! h& & horse's m\?1 :i* ,i h already describ$4 ,la/ly1 ! light h& is t :i* less5s /ill m ! feel+ betwe5 ! rid]'s h& & ! horse's m\?1 :i* 0 be=e mod]at$ by ! ,,g5tle ,,h&4 ,! h&1 !re=e1 ) respect to ^! prop]ties mu/ op]ate 9 "p1 )9 c]ta9 degrees1 & dep5ds ^u be+ m or less felt1 or yeild$ to ! horse1 or )-held4 ,x %\ld be a rule ) e horseman n to pass f "o extreme to ano!r2 f a firm h& to a slack "o2 s t 9 ! motion ( ! h& on no acc\nt jump ov] t degree ( s5sation :i* con/itutes ! ,,easy ,,or ,,g5tle ,,h&3 7 y once to g f a firm /rong h& to a slack "o1 y !n entirely ab&on y\r horse2 y w\ld surprise him1 deprive him ( ! support he tru/$ to1 & precipitate him on 8 %\ld]s2 suppos+ y d ?is at an improp] "t4 ,on ! contr>y1 7 y to pass f ! slack to ! tight re91 all at once1 y mu/ j]k y\r h&1 & give a viol5t %ock to ! horse's m\?2 :i* r\gh & irregul> motion w\ld be suffici5t to falsify & ru9 a good m\?2 x is indisp5sably necess>y1 !re=e1 t all its opep]ations %\ld be g5tle & light1 & 9 ord] to ?is1 x is necess>y t ! ,,wri/ alone %\ld direct & gov]n all its motions1 by turn+ & /e]+ x z x 71 ?r\gh e motion x is to make ,9 consequ5ce !n ( ^! pr9ciples1 ,i insi/ t ! wri/ be kept s r\nd t y\r knuckles may be always directly above ! horse's neck1 & t y\r ?umb be always kept flat ^u ! re9s4 ,9 reality 7 y\r wri/ to be m or less r\nd$ ?an 9 ! degree ,i h fix$1 y c\ld nev] "w ) y\r h& b by means ( y\r arm1 & besides x w\ld appe> z ?\gh y 7 lame2 aga9 7 y\r ?umb n to be ^u ! flat ( ! re9s1 press$ h>d ^u y\r =e f+]1 !y w\ld be con/antly slipp+ away1 & l5g!n$1 & 9 ord] to recov] !m y w\ld be oblig$ e m9ute to raise y\r h& & arm1 :i* w\ld ?r[ y into disord] & make y lose t ju/ness )\t :i* no horse w be ob$i5t & "w ) read9ess & pleasure to himself4 ,x is nev]!less true1 t ) horses well dress$ "o may take lib]ties2 ^! are motions call$ desc5ts ( ! h&2 ei!r by dropp+ ! knuckles directly & at once ^u ! horse's neck1 or by tak+ ! re9s 9 ! "r h& ab\t f\r in*es above ! left1 lett+ !m slide ?r\gh ! left1 dropp+ y\r "r h& at ! same "t ^u ! horse's neck1 or else by putt+ ! horse "u ! button z x is call$3 t is by tak+ ! end ( ! re9s 9 y\r "r h&1 quitt+ !m intirely ) y\r left h& & lett+ ! end ( !m fall ^u y\r horse's neck1 ^! motions h[ev]1 :i* give grace to ! horseman1 nev] %\ld be made b ) great caution1 & exactly :5 y\r horse is well toge!r & 9 h&2 & take c>e 9 c\nt]balanc+ by ?r[+ back y\r body1 t ! weight ( ! body lie ^u 8 haun*es4 ,! ,bit & ,snaffle 7 !y to be kept con/antly 9 "o place 9 8 m\?1 w\ld ( c\rse dull ! s5se ( feel+1 & become b5umb$ & call\s2 ?is %ews ! necessity ( cont9ually yeild+ & draw+ back ! h& to keep ! horse's m\? fre% & awake4 ,x is !re=e self evid5t t a heavy h&$ horseman c nev] break a horse to any degree ( nicety1 or ride "o :i* is already broke to any degree ( exactness4 ,besides ^! rules1 !re are o!rs n less j & c]ta92 7b ^: nic5ess & ref9em5t is n ! lot ( e p]son to ta/e & und]/&7 my h& be+ 9 ! fir/ position1 ,i op5 my two middle f+]s1 ,i consequ5tly ease & slack5 myright re92 ,i %ut my h&1 ! "r re9 op]ates aga91 resum+ its place z be=e1 ,i op5 my little f+] & c>ry+ ! end ( x ^u ! "r re91 ,i !reby slack5 ! left & %ort5 ! "r2 ,i %ut my h& entirely & imm$iately op5 x aga91 ,i !reby less5 ! degree ( t5sion & =ce ( ! two re9s at ! same "t2 aga9 ,i close my h& n q s mu*1 b /ill ,i close x4 ,x is by ^! me?ods & by ! vibration ( ! re9s1 t ,i unite ! feel+ 9 my h& ) t 9 ! horse's m\?1 & ?us ,i play ) a f9e & ,,made m\?1 & fre%5 & relieve ! two b>s 9 :i* ! feel+ resides4 ,!re=e1 x is t correspond5ce & s5sation betwe5 ! horse's m\? & ! h& ( ! rid]1 :i* alone c make him submit ) pleasure to ! con/ra9t ( ! bit4 ,hav+ ?us expla9$ ! diff]5t positions & motions ( ! h&1 p]mit me 9 a few words to %ew ! effects :i* !y produce 9 horseman%ip8 ,! h& directs ! re9s1 ! re9s op]ate ^u ! bran*es ( ! bit2 ! bran*es ^u ! m\?-piece & ! curb1 ! m\?-piece op]ates ^u ! b>s1 & ! curb ^u ! *9 ( ! horse4 ,s f> = ! managem5t ( ! bridle h& ^u ?or\gh-broke & well-dress$ horses4 ,b 9 break+ "y horses = any purpose1 ! re9s 9 all cases ought to be sep>at$1 no?+ s unmean+1 no?+ s ineffectual z ! me?od ( work+ ) !m jo9$ or held 9 only "o h&1 ?is is v evid5t 9 ! in/ances ( colts1 & ( /iff neck$1 & unwork$ horses ( all k9ds1 ) !m x is impossible to d any?+ )\t hold+ a re9 9 ei!r h&1 :i* re9 op]ates ) c]ta9ty & gov]ns ! side ( ! neck to :i* x belongs1 & surely ?is is a %ort] way ( work+ ?an to make1 or r attempt to make ! left re9 det]m9e ! horse to ! "r1 & ! "r guide him to ! left4 ,9 ! above in/ances ( /iff awkw>d horses ?is c nev] be done2 & al?o x is con/antly practis$ ) ^? :i* are ,dre/1 yet x is c]ta9 !y obey1 & make _! ,*anges m f docility & ,habit1 ?an f ! influ5ce ( ! outw>d re91 :i* ought only to act1 to balance & support1 :ile ! inn] b5ds1 incl9es1 & guides ! horse to ! h& to :i* he is to g4 ,?is c nev] be done s fully & truly ) ! re9s jo9$1 z :5 !y are sep>at$ into ea* h&1 & if d\ble or ,runn+ re9s 7 us$ in/ead ( s+le z ) a snaffle or#bd-99 ,mead['s bit1 !y w\ld af=d m compass & p[] to ! horseman to b5d & turn 8 horse4 ,! mann] ( hold+ ! re9s high z condem$ by "s writ]s1 possess+ !mselves ) a notion t !y ru9 ! hocks ( ! horses4 ,= my own "p ,i d n "k :at ^? writ]s mean1 unless by !m we are to und]/& ! haun*es2 & !n ?is me?od in/ead ( ru9+1 w "w & assi/ !m1 = ! head & =e qu>t]s are rais$ up1 8 weight ( c\rse is ?r[n ^u 8 haun*es1 = "o end be+ rais$ ! o!r mu/ be kept d[n4 ,x is no?+ m ?an a natural cause1 :i* w always produce a natural effect1 = in/ance1 ballance a pole upona wall s t x acts 9 equilibrium1 only raise "o end1 ! o!r ( c\rse mu/ be l[]$1 x is ! same ) a horse1 z y _c rise 8 =e p>ts b by br++ 8 haun*es m "u him4 ,i w\ld "h wi% to rem>k t horses %\ld nev] be compell$ by =ce untill !y "k :at y wi% f !m1 = let !m be h[ev] disob$i5t 9 _! disposition1 yet are all ( !m m or less s5sible ( good & bad usage f _! ma/]s2 ! be/ me?od !n to convey y\r int5tion to !m s t !y %all und]/& y1 is to rew>d !m :5 !y d well1 & to puni% !m :5 disob$i5t1 ?is rule ?\gh conta9$ 9 few words yet is ( univ]sal use 9 horseman%ip4 ,& ,x5ophon1 :o wrote a treatise on ,horseman%ip1 m ?an two ?\s& ye>s ago1 among o!r notable rem>ks1 :5 speak+ on horse-break+1 :]e9 he concludes ?us3 ,b !re is "o rule to be inviolably obs]v$ above all o!rs2 t is1 nev] approa* y\r horse 9 a passion2 z ang] nev] ?9ks ( consequ5ces & =ces u to d :at we aft]w>ds rep5t4 ,begg+ p>don = ?is %ort b useful digression1 ,i aga9 obs]ve t su* are ! pr9ciples ^u :i* ! p]fection & ju/ness ( ! aids ( ! h& dep5d2 all o!rs are false & n to be reg>d$4--,?us f> = ! bridle h&1 & its effects4 ,,lecture ,,on ,,horseman%ip4 ,address$ to ! ,ladies4 ,among all ! v>i\s writ]s on ! art ( horseman%ip1 not)/&+1 side-saddles h be5 kn[n & 9 use 9 ,engl& m !n six hundr$ ye>s ago1 ev5 9 ,ri*>d's "t1 = 9 ! reign ( ?is pr9ce side-saddles 7 fir/ kn[n "h1 z x w appe> f ! foll[+ anecdote1 by a ,w>wick hi/orian1 9 :i* he says4 ,& 9 8 days also began ! dete/able cu/om ( we>+ long po9t$ %oes1 fa/5$ ) *a9s ( silv]1 & sometimes gold1 up to ! knees1 likewise noble ladies !n us$ high heads1 & robes ) long tra9s1 & seats or side-saddles on _! horses1 by ! example ( ! respectable que5 ,anne1 daught] ( ! k+ ( ,bohemia1 :o fir/ introduc$ ?is cu/om 9 ?is k+dom3 = be=e1 wom5 ( e rank rode z m5 d1 ) _! legs a/ride _! horses4 ,?us says our ,w>wick hi/orian1 s t side saddles appe> to h be5 us$ _m c5turies ago1 & t =m]ly ! female sex took ! fa%ion ( rid+ l m51 = :i* !y are repreh5d$1 by a ,greek hi/orian1 & h>d inde$ is ! eque/rian situation ( ! ladies1 = if !y are to be accus$ ( indelicacy = rid+ aft] ! mann] ( m51 !y are greatly to be piti$ 9 haz>d+ _! safety z !y d1 9 rid+ aft] ! mann] ( ,wom54 ,h[ev] z no "o ha? ev] yet l5t a help+ h& 9 putt+ p5 to pap] on ! subject1 by way ( add+1 if possible1 to ! ladies1 elegance1 ease & safety on horse back2 ,i %all )\t any o!r apology !n assur+ ^? ladies :o may please to read :at ,i write on ! matt]1 is well meant1 & are su* ideas t h occur$ to me 9 _m ye>s /udy1 & practice 9 ! manage4 ,,directions ,,9 ,,m\nt+4 ,let ! o/l] or s]vant be+ on ! (f side ! horse1 ) "r h& hold+ ! brid\n re9s1 to prop]ly /ay ! horse1 & 8 left h& on ! "p ( ! saddle call$ ! crut*1 by ?is me?od bo? horse & saddle w be kept firm & /eady1 x is ! rid+ ma/]'s duty to exam9e ! bridle :e!r x is prop]ly plac$1 ! curb1 *a91 or *9 *a9 9 due ord]1 ! saddle 9 a prop] place1 & ! gir?s suffici5tly tight1 c4 ,direct ! lady !n to take h] :ip1 or swit* 9 ! "r h&1 ! small end ( x turn$ t[>ds ! horse's cr\p1 !n ) ! "r h& take a firm hold ( ! pommell ( ! saddle /&+ upright ) h] "r %\ld] squ>e1 & 9 a l9e ) ! horse's left1 %e !n b5d+ ! left knee pretty mu*1 ! ma/] or g5tleman :o asi/s h] /&+ fac+ ! lady1 he /oop+ a little receives ! lady's left foot 9 8 h&s be+ clasp$ firm toge!r1 ! lady mu/ !n be direct$ to /rait5 h] knee1 be+ n[ b5t1 ) a firmness & ela/icity press+ h] left h& on ! man's left %\ld]1 mak+ a little spr+ at ! same "t1 by :i* ! rid+-ma/]1 g5tleman1 or s]vant1 if p]mitt$1 by pay+ due att5tion to ^! rules w spr+ ! lady on ! saddle ) ! greate/ ease & safety4 ,! me?od ( adju/+ ! petticoats2 ,i !n place ! lady's foot 9 ! /irrup ?o' x is a wond] if a prop] l5g?1 be+ guess "w1 z we are n[ to suppose ?is to be ! fir/ lesson1 & ! /irrup _c be prop]ly fix$1 till ! lady is 9 h] seat1 ,i say ,i !n give h] ! /irrup1 direct+ %e may take a firm hold ) ! left h& ( a lock ( ! horse's mane1 at ! same "t %e hav+ a firm hold ( ! crut* ) ! "r1 by :i* means %e rises h]self up f ! saddle1 /&+ firm 9 ! /irrup1 look+ r ov] ! (f side ( ! horse's neck1 ! int5tion ( ?is is t ! att5dant %all adju/ ! coats s z !y sit smoo? & easy1 by pull+ !m r\nd a little to ! "r1 !n on return+ to ! saddle1 or seat1 & :ile 9 com+ d[n %e mu/ put h] "r knee ov] ! pommel ( ! saddle1 & by ^! simple rules %e w f9d all com=table & easy2 9 reg>d to ! adju/m5t ( ! bridle re9s1 & ! manag+ & direct+ ! horse by !m1 pay /rict att5tion to ^? set d[n 9 ! fir/ lecture address$ to ! g5tlem52 let ! :ip be plac$ firm & easy 9 ! "r h&1 ) ! tap] or small end d[nw>ds1 & ! arm hang+ c>elessly d[n )\t contraction1 & :5 ! :ip is made use (f1 let x be by means ( ! wri/1 )\t lift+ ! arm f ! body1 & be c>eful n to t\* ! horse ) ! :ip too backw>d z _m ( !m w kick on _! be+ flogg$ 9 t "p1 :i* if x %\ld n occasion a fall1 w\ld mu* al>m ! "y s*ol>1 be=e %e has acquir$ any degree ( ballance4 ,,directions ,,= ,,! ,,l5g? ,,( ,,! ,,/irrup4 ,! ,/irrup %\ld be su* l5g? z :5 ! lady sits upright & prop]ly on h] seat1 ) ! knee be+ easily b5t1 ! heel kept back1 ) ! toe rais$ a little high] ?an ! heel1 s t ! heel1 hip & ! %\ld]1 are 9 a l9e & z upright z :5 walk+ along1 = if o!rwise x is unju/ & n agreeable to nature2 = suppose y are rid+ along ! road ) ! foot /uck out & s =w>d z ! horses front ( 8 %\ld]1 z is n uncommon to see girls rid+ 9 ?is mann] along ! road 9 ! c\ntry1 z ?o' !y 7 direct+ ) _! foot :i* road _! horse %\ld take1 ,i say ?is me?od is n only v unbecom+ b v unsafe1 = in/ance if rid+ c>elessly along ! road ) ! foot & leg 9 ?is attitude be+ to pass "s /ubborn or inflexible object on ! left or ne> side1 p]haps be=e y are aw>e or appris$ ( ! dang] y might h y\r foot & leg sorely bruis$1 nay ev5 dragg$ f y\r horse1 ,i h se5 simil> in/ances to ?is1 happ5 m ?an once1 ev5 :5 ! foot has be5 9 a good situation by ladies :o un?9k+ly h endeav\r$ to pass objects to ! left :5 !y c\ld z easily h pass$ ^? objects to ! "r1 :i* ladies %\ld make an inv>iable rule s to d at all times1 if possible2 = reasons :i* mu/ be pla9 to any "o1 :o w ?9k "o m9ute on ! matt]2 ano!r inconv5i5ce w frequ5tly arise by suff]+ ! leg & foot to be 9 ?is horrid =m1 :i* is1 ! /irrup lea!r w frequ5tly press aga9/ ! leg1 s z to hurt x v mu*1 ?is ,i h (t5 _h beg9n]s compla9 (1 by say+ ! buckle ( ! /irrup hurt !m1 :5 behold ,i nev] use a buckle to my /irrups on ! left side1 z !y are always fa/5$ & buckl$ on ! (f side1 = two p>ticul> good advantages :i* arise f x2 ! pr9cipal ( :i* is1 t z ! pressure or be>+ com+ f ! (f side1 x greatly assi/s 9 keep+ ! saddle ev51 especially ) ^? ladies ?r\gh a bad habit :o accu/om !mselves to be> h>d on ! /irrup :i* is no?+ m !n a habit1 & want ( le>n+ to ride ! "r way at fir/4 ,! o!r reason is1 y c l5g!n or %ort5 ! /irrup at pleasure1 )\t di/urb+ ! lady at all1 & )\t ev5 dism\nt+ y\rself1 if y are rid+ on ! road1 z ! bus9ess is done on ! (f side ! horse1 nay ,i h alt]$ ! /irrup (t5 )\t /opp+ at all4 ,i insi/ ^u x !re=e if ! /irrup does n hang p]p5dicul>1 or ! same z :5 left to itself & no "o on horseback1 ! end is totally de/roy$1 = :at ! /irrup 0 design$2 :i* is 9 ! fir/ place to c>ry ! weight (1 & only ! weight ( ! rid]'s leg1 )\t :i* support x w\ld soon become fatigu$ & tir$3 & secondly1 if y accu/om y\rself to c>ry y\r foot prop]ly1 z be=e direct$1 t is y\r heel 9 a l9e ) y\r hip & %\ld]1 lett+ y\r foot re/ ev5 9 ! /irrup1 c>ry+ only ! weight ( y\r leg1 ) ! toe a little rais$1 x w nev] fail to assi/ y 9 y\r balance1 if y happ5 to lose x to ! left1 x is also ready to save y if y %\ld happ5 to lose y\r balance to ! "r1 by press+ ! calf ( y\r leg /rongly & firmly to ! side ( y\r horse1 & be+ always ne> y\r horse's side x is a quick aid 9 support+ him1 & to =ce him =w>d1 x is also ( ! greate/ use1 by press+ x /rongly to 8 side1 9 assi/+ to turn y\r horse to ! left1 & likewise 9 ?r[+ y\r horse's cr\p (f :5 y wi% to make him g into a cant]1 by :i* means he w be =c$ to g (f ) ! "r leg =emo/4 ,& la/ly1 x is ( ! utmo/ utility 9 support+ y 9 ! cont9uance ( ! ,spr+ ,trot1 a pace n[ greatly 9 fa%ion1 & %\ld be practis$ by all :o accu/om !mselves to ride any l5g? ( j\rnies1 z x enables !m to make "s degree ( spe$1 & by *ang+ _! paces (t5 f walk1 to trot1 & gallop1 _! j\rney becomes less t$i\s to !m4 ,,( ,,! ,,seat1 ,& ,=m ( ! ,side ,saddle4 ,9 ! fir/ place ,i w\ld /rongly recomm5d a l>ge seat$ ,saddle1 v high on ! cantlet or back "p1 & a regul> sweep f !nce to ! front or pommell1 = "s saddles1 m %ame be x spok51 are s small1 & ! seat s r\nd$ 9 ! middle1 t to sit on !m is next to balanc+ !mselves on a r\nd pole1 a com=table situation truly = a lady6 ,i say aga9 let me recomm5d a l>ge seat$ saddle2 ,i mean let x be l>ge 9 proportion to ! size ( ! lady1 & high 9 ! cantlet1 nay ,i am confid5t t !y might be contriv$ to advantage1 7 !y con/ruct$ ) peaks1 & ! peak c>ri$ on f ! back "p ( ! saddle to )9 f\r in*es ( ! front on ! (f side2 ?is ) ! addition ( a ,burr1 z x is call$1 to support ! left knee1 w\ld greatly assi/ ! lady 9 keep+ ! body on a good balance & suffici5tly back3 :i* might prev5t _m accid5ts4 ,if ^! h9ts %\ld /rike any lady or g5tleman z be+ reasonable1 & %\ld !y be incl9$ to h a saddle s con/ruct$1 ,i %\ld ?9k myself happy 9 expla9+ myself m fully on ! subject4 ,n[ 9 reg>d to ! ,seat = a ,lady1 ,i s9c]ely wi% ,i 0 able to prescribe a m firm "o ?an ! pres5t fa%ion w admit (1 h[ev] ,i w d my endeav\r to h&le x 9 ! be/ mann] ,i c2 & fir/ let ! :ole weight ( ! body re/ firmly ^u ! c5t] ( ! saddle1 lean+ nei h] to "o side or ! o!r1 ) ! %\ld]s easily back1 & ! *e/ pres5t$ well =w>d2 a lady _c be too nice & circumspect1 9 accu/om+ h]self to sit upright1 )\t contraction1 9 any "p1 no?+ s graceful1 no?+ s safe z ease ( action2 d n let ! /irrup c>ry m ?an ! weight ( ! leg1 except 9 case ( ! ,sw+ ,trot1 or :5 assi/+ to keep ! ,ballance1 ,two mat]ial disadvantages arise f ,ladies accu/om+ !mselves to be> heavy 9 ! /irrup1 & loll ab\t1 con/antly twi/+ !mselves to ! ne> or left side ( ! horse3 fir/ x de/roys _! :ole figure1 mak+ ! same appe> de=m$ & crook$2 & if !y 7 to cont9ue 9 ! habit ( rid+ w\ld confirm !m 9 su* de=m$ attitude1 9 its becom+ second nature1 by con/ant use2 ?is is a tru? too frequ5tly witness$1 by practis+ )\t ! "r me?od4 ,secondly1 ! o!r disadvantage mo/ mat]ially affects ! horse2 = by _! s con/antly lean+ !mselves to ! ne> side1 ! side-saddle be+ s pull$ & press$ aga9/ ! )]s or %\ld] ( ! horse on ! (f side1 keep+ up a cont9ual friction1 & ?is be+ ! case1 ,i defy all ! ,sadl]s 9 ! k+dom to prev5t ! saddle f wr++ & gall+ ! poor bea/1 especially 9 ! heat ( ! summ]2 ! only rem$y is to take away ! cause1 by sitt+ prop]ly1 & ! effect ceases ( c\rse4 ,! notions :i* "s ,ladies h ent]ta9$1 z to fe> to let _! daught]s be taught to ,ride1 lea/ x %\ld make !m gr[ crook$ & awry1 ,i insi/ t !y are false1 & q ! rev]se2 ! cause is1 z be=e obs]v$1 by _! contract+ bad habits ( _! own1 & n be+ in/ruct$ on approv$ pr9ciples1 s t ! effect is caught hold (1 :ile ! cause lies uns\ght =2 f my own k & exp]i5ce ,i c\ld relate sev]al in/ances :]e9 "y ,ladies in/ead ( gr[+ crook$ by le>n+ to ride1 h be5 greatly reliev$ f ^? compla9ts1 & ev5 q eradicat$ by ! practice ( rid+1 ,i w "h beg leave to m5tion an in/ance or two :i* w s]ve to prove :at good effects may arise f ?is pleasant & heal?ful ex]cise4 ,a "y ,lady ab\t ,sev5te5 ye>s ( age :o _h be5 afflict$ = twelve mon?s ) a /iffness 9 h] neck & %\ld]s1 & x 0 obs]vable t ! "r %\ld] 0 gr[n mu* l>g] ?an ! left4 ,%e on com+ to ! rid+ h\se to obs]ve h] fell[ s*ol>s take _! lessons1 ( :i* %e became mu* pleas$1 & wi%$ mu* to le>n to ride4--,! gov]ness consult$ me on ! matt]1 b said %e fe>$ x might make h] gr[ worse z %e _h be5 told t rid+ sometimes caus$ ,ladies to become crook$1 h[ev]1 by my reason+ ! matt] ) h] %e 0 conv9c$ 9 h] own op9ion & caus$ ! "y ,lady to write to h] p>5ts 9 ,jamaica1 & _h p]mission by return ( packet to ride accord+ to my directions1 :i* 7 briefly z foll[s1 be+ 9 ! mon? ( ,m>*1 & ( c\rse r a cold pi]c+ air1 ,i advis$ new unwa%$ flannel e "t %e took a lesson to be worn next ! sk9 on ! "p affect$1 %e rode1 ( c\rse a /rong p]spiration took place1 %e 0 mu* fatigu$ = ! fir/ six or sev5 ,lessons1 h[ev] aft] !n z %e began to be acqua9t$ ) ! use ( h] bridle h&s1 z ,i made h] use bo?2 & give great "p ( ! ,lessons1 9 small circles to "r & left2 ! consequ5ce 0 t by p]sev]+ 9 ?is me?od = two successive mon?s ! p>ts became naturally relax$ & pliable1 & by cont9u+ to practice %e entirely recov]$ h] alacrity & spirits1 & also became acqua9t$ ) ! art ( ,rid+1 :i* ,i hope %e may long live to practice ) ease & safety to h]self 9 h] native c\ntry4 ,ano!r "y ,lady f ! same s*ool _h a p>ticul> habit ( lean+ h] %\ld]s & neck =w>d1 ,i h frequ5tly he>d x call$ poke+1 & all ! danc+-ma/]'s in/ructions _h = ye>s be5 ineffectual4 ,i believe %e 0 m fond ( rid+ ?an danc+ in/ructions1 = ! gov]ness ( ! "y lady be=e-m5tion$ (t5 ass]t$ t ! ,rid+ ,ma/] _h done m 9 sett+ h] s*ol> upright & keep+ h] %\ld]s easily back1 9 ! space only ( two mon?s1 ?an ! ,danc+ ,ma/]1 ?\gh capable 9 8 pr(ession1 _h be5 able to accompli% 9 ?ree ye>s4 ,i hope to be p>don$ = ?is little digression1 n d\bt+ b ^? ,ladies :o w give !mselves "t to consid] ! =ego+1 w be conv9c$ t x is agreeable to reason & nature4 ,n[ to say "s little m ( ! ,,seat1 :i* _c be too mu* att5d$ to1 be+ 9 a great measure ! f\ndation ( safety to a lady :5 on horseback1 & z su* ,i w\ld /rongly recomm5d ! lady be+ 9 ! m5age1 or 9 any prop] place1 ! horse be+ v quiet & to be tru/$ to2 !n let ! lady seat h]self prop]ly on ! saddle z be=e direct$1 only )\t ! /irrup1 & n to take ! re9s1 leav+ ! direction ( ! horse to ! ,rid+ ,ma/]1 or to :oev] %e c ) safety tru/ ! gov]nm5t to2 & 9 ?is mann] take half an h\r's practice e day1 z no?+ w s greatly assi/ 9 acquir+ a good & j balance4 ,i d n advise ?is me?od to be gone rapidly ab\t1 z %e may make use bo? ( /irrup & re9s at fir/1 & :5 %e has acquir$ a firmness & ballance 9 "s degree1 may fir/ quit ! /irrup1 & 9 a lesson or two1 ! re9s4 rememb]+ to g to "r & left circle alt]nately & progressively4 viz4 f ,walk to ,trot & ,gallop2 ,i hope ,i ne$ n say t ! horse %\ld be rem>kably /eady1 & prop]ly broke to g 9 circles to "r & left by ! longe+ re94 ,i say ?is me?od w settle & give ! s*ol> a firmness n to be acquir$ by any o!r means1 w tea* !m to unite !mselves ) _! horse1 & g along ) him1 x w br+ ab\t t confid5ce1 firmness1 ease1 & j poize ( body :i* s]ves to con/itute :at is call$ a p]fect ,seat1 acquir$ by ! rules ( art1 & agreeable to nature1 & ,i "h beg leave to quote a few l9es :i* ! great ,b]r+] obs]ves applicable to ?is subject1 ,x is a/oni%+ to ?9k h[ ?is "w s imm$iately necess>y c\ld h be5 def]r$ s long1 t :ile rew>ds 7 giv51 public trials appo9t$1 & laws enact$ to promote an useful & g5]\s bre$ ( horses1 no /ep %\ld h be5 tak5 on ! o!r h& to qualify & in/ruct ! y\? ( ! k+dom1 ( bo? sex 9 ! sup]ior art ( rid+2 = ! gett+ on ! back ( an horse to be convey$ f "o place to ano!r )\t kn[+ :at ! animal is enabl$ by nature1 art & practice to p]=m1 is n ,rid+1 ! k & utility ( :i* consi/s 9 be+ able to disc]n & dext]\s to employ ! means by :i* ! horse may be br\ght to execute :at ! rid] requires ( him ) propriety1 read9ess & safety1 & ?is k 9 ! rid] & ob$i5ce 9 ! horse %\ld be s intimately connect$ z to =m "o p]fect :ole1 ?is union be+ s indisp5sably necess>y t :]e x is n1 !re is no mean+1 ! rid] & horse talk diff]5t languages1 & all is confusion1 :ile _m & fatal mis*iefs may ensue1 ! rid] may be w$g$ 9 ! timb] :i* he /rives to r5d1 & fall ! victim ( 8 own ignorance & ra%ness4 ,i h n[ obs]v$ su* rules :i* ) practice w =m z good & p]fect a ,seat z ! cu/om>y mode ( rid+ w admit (4 ,x rema9s n[ ) practice & p]sev]ance to make p]fect4 ,,:5 ,,rid+ ,,on ,,! ,,road4 ,:5 a lady has tak5 suffici5t practice 9 ! m5age or else:]e1 s z to be able to /e] & guide h] horse1 & p>ticul>ly c /op him firm & well ^u 8 haun*es1 & also kn[s by practice h[ to unite h]self to ! horse1 provid$ he %\ld /op sudd5ly by 8 own w1 an in/ance :i* frequ5tly happ5s1 !re=e x is ess5tial t ! rid] %\ld become s5sible ( e action ( ! horse by t k9d ( sympa?y ( feel+ :i* %\ld subsi/ betwe5 !m1 s z to "k 8 int5tions z quick z ?\ght1 9 ?is & all o!r actions he may be incl9$ to1 :i* are likely to (f5d & endang] ! rid]1 or himself2 ,i w\ld e>ne/ly recomm5d ! lady to make h]self acqua9t$ ) e help s z to gaurd & def5d h]self on all occasions1 su* z h] horse /umbl+1 %y+1 />t+1 runn+ away1 runn+ back1 re>+1 kick+1 & plung+2 yet horses addict$ to any ( ^? vices are by no means fit1 or %\ld h ladies set ^u kn[+ly1 b z a lady _c always be s =tunate z to get ! possession ( "o ( ^? hackneys we call a nonp>eil1 ?o' e deal] y enquire ( = "o w say he c sell x y1 !re=e place n too mu* confid5ce 9 him y pur*ase y\r horse f1 or ! horse himself1 ev5 aft] y h rode him "s "t1 = y sc>ce ev] c be c]ta9 b he may play y "s ( ^? tricks1 especially if 8 keep is above 8 "w1 z ,i h always f\nd ! be/ lady's hackneys require con/ant practice to keep !m 9 tune4 ,x is necess>y ! lady %\ld h a %>p eye ^u ! road %e is travell+1 tak+ c>e by ! g5tle assi/ance ( ! bridle h& to /e] & guide h] horse into ! be/1 to avoid all /ones & unev5 places1 & nev] to ride ne> ! edge ( any deep dit* or sudd5 precipice1 = al?o1 heav5 be prais$1 accid5ts v seldom happ51 yet if = ! want ( a little c>e & due managem5t "o %\ld happ5 9 "o hundr$ ye>s1 t "o w\ld be "o too _m3 ! lady %\ld pay great att5tion to ! horse :5 go+ d[n a /eep hill1 & endeav\r to put him toge!r & ^u 8 haun*es1 & to p]=m ?is1 %e mu/ feel 8 m\? lightly & firmly ) ! bridle h&1 at ! same "t mak+ use ( "s ( ! helps us$ to =ce him to g =w>d1 su* z click+ ) y\r voice1 a g5tle t\* ) ! :ip1 or ! heel1 s %e /ays him a little by ! bridle h& at ! same "t he is =c$ =w>ds by ! o!r helps or aids & if prop]ly tim$1 by do+ en\gh )\t ov] do+1 he w be put toge!r1 & ( c\rse kept on a light prop] action :i* mu/ be 9 ! real action ( a trot1 t is ) 8 two corn] legs 9 ! air at "o "t & two on ! gr\nd1 by su* means ! horse w always be kept on a sure ballance & nev] be 9 dang] ( fall+1 on ! o!r h& if ! horse is suff]d to g loose & unasi/$ by ! bridle h&1 & ! o!r aids z be=e describ$1 :5 go+ d[n a /eep hill he w mo/ commonly g into t unnatural pace call$ ! amble :i* is mov+ 8 side legs toge!r in/ead ( 8 corn] legs1 ?is pace is v unsafe not)/&+ ! anci5ts us$ arts 9 break+ ! horse to ! amble1 on acc\nt ( its be+ s mu* easi] ?an ! trot1 b z x is a kn[n maxim 9 physic t giv+ ease & p]=m+ a cure are two diff]5t ?+s1 s "h an easy pace & a safe "o are z diametrically opposite1 & t ! amble is an unsafe pace is easy to be conceiv$ by ! horse los+ s l>ge a portion ( 8 ballance1 to prove :i* only try ^! simple exp]im5ts4 ,take a wood5 horse let 8 two corn] legs be tak5 away & he w /&1 b take away 8 two sides leg & he falls1 aga9 "o (t5 sees at a f>ri]'s %op :5 a horse is want$ to be %od 9 ha/e1 two smi?s c "w at ! same "t1 by tak+ ea* ( !m a corn] leg1 !re=e h[ c>eful %\ld we be to keep our hackneys on a safe action1 & awake "u u on all occasions4 ,! lady %\ld endeav\r to make h]self acqua9t$ ) ^? objects :i* horses are mo/ subject to be al>m$ at1 & fir/ ( all is a w9dmill 9 full sail1 next "s c nev] be br\ght to g com=tably by a tilt$ waggon1 especially if meet+ x1 o!rs dislike asses v mu*1 "s dislike to face a man :eel+ a b>r[ or an umbrella ext5d$1 an ar* dra9 :i* is frequ5tly se5 to c>ry ! wat] away ?ro ! banks 9 a turnpike road1 its lay+ l[ & ( c\rse pres5ts itself v sudd5ly1 w sadly al>m "s1 & any object sudd5ly pres5t+ itself is almo/ sure to affright & al>m any horse 9 spirits1 ,i once saw a lady get a fall1 by a c[ sudd5ly pres5t+ its head ov] a h$ge1 yet a m /eady animal nev] 01 z ,i us$ h] f\r ye>s & nev] knew h] />t ei!r be=e or aft]2 let x be rememb]$ t horses are m apt to be %y or />t 9 ! dusk ( ! ev5+ ?an 9 broad day light1 horses ) bad eyes are almo/ sure to />t1 yet />t+ is n a sure sign ( bad eyes1 z _m imag9e x1 ,i m5tion ^! few obs]vations 9 reg>d to />t+ because horses :i* are mo/ free f ^? faults1 x may happ5 to "s times2 z horses l m5 are n alway 9 ! same temp]3 nev] ride on a fa/ pace by any lane's end1 or 9 turn+ any sudd5 or %ort turn1 = two reasons2 fir/1 t x is unsafe z ! horse might be subject to fall = want ( be+ support$1 & put toge!r by %ort5+ 8 pace1 & secondly by y\r n be+ able to disc]n ! objects :i* might pres5t !mselves to y s z to di/urb & al>m y\r horse3 ^! little h9ts kept well 9 m9d may be ! means ( prev5t+ _m accid5ts4 ,,f9is4 ,,footnotes3 #c-99 ,su* z ! ,wild ,arabs1 ,indians1 c4 #bd-99 ,us$ by ,sir ,sidney ,mead[s4 ,transcrib]'s ,note ,! foll[+ misspell+s & typographical errors 7 ma9ta9$4 ,page ,error #d p>ticulatly %\ld read p>ticul>ly #aj dep5dance %\ld read dep5d5ce #aa iregul> %\ld read irregul> #ab sep]ately %\ld read sep>ately #ad ap5dix %\ld read app5dix #ad high] !n %\ld read m ?an #ad purpose1 %\ld read purpose4 #af sep]ate2 %\ld read sep>ate #af cr\d %\ld read cr[d #ag ?ay %\ld read !y #bj opep]ations %\ld read op]ations #ba to make %\ld read to make4 #bb myright %\ld read my "r #bd condem$ %\ld read condemn$ #bd upona %\ld read ^u a #bd untill %\ld read until #bf m !n %\ld read m ?an #bg occur$ %\ld read occurr$ #bg manage %\ld read m5age #bh asi/s %\ld read assi/s #cj m !n %\ld read m ?an #cc nei h] %\ld read nei!r #cc ,ballance1 %\ld read ,ballance4 #cf ! re9s4 %\ld read ! re9s1 #cf progressively4 %\ld read progressively1 #ch gaurd %\ld read gu>d #ci unasi/$ %\ld read unassi/$ #ci wood5 horse %\ld read wood5 horse1 #dj spirits1 %\ld read spirits4