f ! ,google ,pr9t project47 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookcov] ,illu/ration3 ,,cologne ,,ca!dral ,illu/ration3 ,,map ( ! ,,rh9e ,,valley ,,! ,,ca!drals ,,& ,,*ur*es ,,( ,,! ,,rh9e ,by ,,francis ,,milt\n ,,au?or ,,( ,,! ,,ca!drals ,,( ,,nor!rn ,,france1 ,,! ,,ca!drals ,,( ,,s\!rn ,,france1 ,,dick5s' ,,london1 ,,etc41 ,,) ,,n9ety ,,illu/rations1 ,,plans1 ,,& ,,diagrams1 ,by ,,blan*e ,mc,m,a,n,u,s ,illu/ration ,,bo/on ,l4 ,c4 ,page & ,company ,,publi%]s ,copyright1 #aije ,,by ,l4 ,c4 ,,page ,,company 7,,incorporat$7 ,all rights res]v$ ,publi%$ ,septemb]1 #aije ,second ,impression1 ,may1 #aiji ,,colonial ,,press ,electrotyp$ & ,pr9t$ by ,c4 ,h4 ,simonds ,co4 ,bo/on1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,apologia v ,i4 ,introductory #a ,,ii4 ,! ,rh9e ,cities & ,t[ns #ac ,,iii4 ,! ,*ur* 9 ,g]many #bi ,,iv4 ,"s ,*>act]i/ics ( ,rh5i% ,ar*itecture #dj ,v4 ,! ,accessories ( ,g]man ,*ur*es #ef ,,vi4 ,con/ance & ,s*affhaus5 #fh ,,vii4 ,basel & ,colm> #hc ,,viii4 ,freiburg #ic ,,ix4 ,/rasburg #ig ,x4 ,metz #aad ,,xi4 ,spey] #abg ,,xii4 ,c>lsruhe1 ,d>m/adt1 & ,wiesbad5 #acd ,,xiii4 ,heidelb]g & ,mannheim #adb ,,xiv4 ,worms #adi ,,xv4 ,frank=t #aee ,,xvi4 ,may5ce #afa ,,xvii4 ,ba*>a*1 ,b+51 & ,rude%eim #agb ,,xviii4 ,limburg #aha ,,xix4 ,cobl5z & ,bopp>t #ahg ,,xx4 ,laa* & ,/olz5fels #aid ,,xxi4 ,&]na* & ,s9zig #aii ,,xxii4 ,trves #bjb ,,xxiii4 ,bonn #bjh ,,xxiv4 ,godesb]g & ,rol&seck #bbf ,,xxv4 ,cologne & ,its ,ca!dral #bcb ,,xxvi4 ,! ,*ur*es ( ,cologne #bfd ,,xxvii4 ,aix-la-,*apelle #bgg ,,xxviii4 ,lige #bie ,,xxix4 ,dsseldorf1 ,neuss1 & ,mn*5-,gladba* #cjd ,,xxx4 ,ess5 & ,dortmund #cah ,,xxxi4 ,emm]i*1 ,clves1 & ,xant5 #cbf ,,xxxii4 ,arnheim1 ,utre*t1 & ,leyd5 #cca ,app5dix #cdg ,index #cfc ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,page ,cologne ,ca!dral ,frontispiece ,g5]al ,view ( ,leyd5 fac+ #h ,g5]al ,view ( ,dsseldorf fac+ #bd ,worms ,ca!dral fac+ #fj ,*&eli]1 ,aix-la-,*apelle #fd ,font1 ,limburg #ff ,con/ance ,ca!dral #gj ,coat ( ,arms1 ,con/ance #hb ,ca!dral ,clock1 ,basel #he ,basel & ,its ,ca!dral fac+ #hf ,coat ( ,arms1 ,basel #ib ,freiburg ,ca!dral fac+ #id ,coat ( ,arms1 ,freiburg #if ,anci5t ,*ur* ,f\ndation1 ,/rasburg 7diagram7 #aja ,/rasburg ,ca!dral fac+ #ajb ,coat ( ,arms1 ,/rasburg #aac ,metz #aae ,spey] ,ca!dral #abi ,greek ,*apel1 ,wiesbad5 fac+ #adj ,coat ( ,arms1 ,d>m/adt #ada ,heidelb]g & ,its ,ca/le fac+ #adf ,frank=t ,ca!dral fac+ #aef ,coat ( ,arms1 ,frank=t #afj ,c5otaph ( ,drusus1 ,may5ce #afb ,may5ce ,ca!dral fac+ #aff ,ba*>a* #agc ,bi%op ,hatto's ,m\se ,t[] #age ,coat ( ,arms1 ,b+5 #ahj ,limburg ,ca!dral fac+ #ahb ,cobl5z & ,its ,bridge fac+ #aij ,g5]al ,view ( ,bopp>t fac+ #aib ,coat ( ,arms1 ,cobl5z #aic ,abbey ( ,laa* 7re/or$7 #aie ,/olz5fels ,ca/le #aig ,coat ( ,arms1 ,laa* #aih ,g5]al ,view ( ,&]na* fac+ #bjj ,s9zig ,*ur* #bje ,trves ,ca!dral fac+ #bad ,pulpit1 ,trves ,ca!dral #baf ,coat ( ,arms1 ,trves #bai ,g5]al ,view ( ,bonn fac+ #bbj ,apse1 ,bonn ,ca!dral #bba ,conv5t ( ,nonn5w]? #bbi ,g5]al ,view ( ,cologne fac+ #bcb ,cologne ,ca!dral 9 #ahbj #bed ,/one-masons' ,m>ks1 ,cologne ,ca!dral #bfb ,coat ( ,arms1 ,cologne #bfc ,font1 ,/4 ,m>t9's1 ,cologne #bfg ,gross ,/4 ,m>t91 ,cologne #bfi ,/4 ,gron's1 ,cologne fac+ #bgb ,coat ( ,arms1 ,cologne #bgf ,*>lemagne #bgi ,aix-la-,*apelle ,ca!dral 9 ,i,xth ,c5tury #bhc ,aix-la-,*apelle ,ca!dral fac+ #bij ,coat ( ,arms1 ,aix-la-,*apelle #bid ,g5]al ,view ( ,lige fac+ #bif ,coat ( ,arms1 ,lige #cjc ,neuss ,ca!dral #cji ,coat ( ,arms1 ,dsseldorf #cag ,g5]al ,view ( ,ess5 fac+ #cah ,sev5-bran*$ ,c&le/ick1 ,ess5 #cba ,coat ( ,arms1 ,ess5 #cbe ,/4 ,victor's1 ,xant5 #cbi ,g5]al ,view ( ,arnheim fac+ #ccb ,g5]al ,view ( ,utre*t fac+ #cdj ,r\nd ,*ur* 9 ! ,i,xth ,c5tury1 ,aix-la-,*apelle 7diagram7 #cdg ,/4 ,g5evieve1 ,&]na* 7diagram7 #cdh ,bonn ,ca!dral 7diagram7 #cdi ,/4 ,ca/or1 ,cobl5z 7diagram7 #cej ,anci5t ,ca!dral1 ,cologne 7diagram7 #cea ,pres5t ,ca!dral1 ,cologne 7diagram7 #cea ,/4 ,m>ia 9 ,capitolia1 ,cologne 7diagram7 #ceb ,/4 ,cunib]t's1 ,cologne 7diagram7 #ceb ,/4 ,m>t9's1 ,cologne 7diagram7 #cec ,*ur* ( ! ,apo/les1 ,cologne 7diagram7 #cec ,/4 ,gron's1 ,cologne 7diagram7 #cec ,crypt1 ,/4 ,gron's1 ,cologne 7diagram7 #cec ,con/ance ,ca!dral 7diagram7 #ced ,freiburg ,ca!dral 7diagram7 #cee ,abbey ( ,laa* 7diagram7 #cef ,may5ce ,ca!dral 7diagram7 #ceh ,go?>d ,*apel1 ,may5ce 7diagram7 #ceh ,abbey ,*ur*1 ,mn*5-,gladba* 7diagram7 #cei ,/4 ,quir9us1 ,neuss 7diagram7 #cei ,s*affhaus5 ,ca!dral 7diagram7 #cfj ,spey] ,ca!dral 7diagram7 #cfj ,trves ,ca!dral 7diagram7 #cfa ,/4 ,m>t91 ,worms 7diagram7 #cfb ,,apologia ,! ,rh9e prov9ces /& = all t is be/ & mo/ *>act]i/ic ( ! ecclesia/ical ar*itecture ( ,g]many1 z contra/$ ) t v di/9ct species kn[n z ,fr5* po9t$ or ,go?ic4 ,= ?is reason ! pres5t volume ( ! s]ies1 :i* foll[s ! ,ca!drals ( ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,france1 deals ) a class ( ecclesia/ical ar*itecture entirely diff]5t f ! light1 flamboyant /yle :i* has made s _m ( ! great ca!dral *ur*es ( ,france prem95tly fam\s4 ,save ,cologne1 !re is no great ca!dral1 ei!r 9 ,g]many or ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 :i* 9 any way rivals ! ma/]pieces ( ,p>is1 ,reims1 or ,ami5s1 or ev5 ,l9coln or ,york 9 ,engl&4 ,/rasburg & ,metz are 9 a way rem9isc5t ( mu* t is ,fr5*1 b 9 ! ma9 ! ca!drals & *ur*es ( ! ,rh9e are ( a species di/9ct & complete 9 itself4 ,any consid]ation ( ! ,rh9e cities & t[ns1 & ! ecclesia/ical monum5ts :i* !y conta91 mu/ p]=ce deal l>gely ) ! picturesque & romantic elem5ts ( ! riv]'s leg5d>y pa/4 ,n all ( ^! leg5ds deal ) m]e romance1 z ! _w well kn[s4 ,! religi\s elem5t has ev] play$ a mo/ important "p 9 ! great] numb] ( ! ,rh9e leg5ds4 ,= demon/ration1 "o has only to recall ! leg5ds ( ,! ,ar*itect ( ,cologne1 ( ,bi%op ,hatto & ,8 ,m\se ,t[] on ! ,rh9e1 & ( _m o!rs relat+ to ! dev\t m5 & wom5 :o 9 times pa/ liv$ _! lives "h4 ,9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries also1--at ,lige1 :]e we h ,! ,leg5d ( ! ,ligeois1 & at ,antw]p1 :]e we h ,! ,leg5d ( ! ,blacksmi?1--& inde$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole ,rh9e wat]%$ !re is abundant mat]ial to draw f ) respect to ! religi\s leg5d alone4 ,z = ! purely romantic leg5ds1 l ,! ,trumpet] ( ,sack+5 & ,! ,lorelei1 !re is manife/ly nei!r room nor occasion = rec\nt+ !m 9 a "w su* z ?is1 & s1 frankly1 !y are int5tionally omitt$4 ,9 g5]al1 ?is book aims to be an acc\nt ( ! great *ur*es 9 ! ,rh9e valley1 & ( t species ( ar*itectural /yle :i* is kn[n z ,rh5i%4 ,!re is a fund ( int]e/+ detail to be ga!r$ 9 out-(-!-way corn]s 9 reg>d to ^! gr& edifices & _! pi\s f\nd]s1 b n all ( x c be ev5 catalogu$ "h4 ,! mo/ t c be attempt$ is to po9t out c]ta9 obvi\s facts 9 connection ) ^! ecclesia/ical monum5ts1 n neglect+ ! pictorial repres5tation z well4 ,t\ri/s h well worn ! roads along bo? banks ( ! ,rh9e1 f ,cologne to ,may5ce1 b above & bel[ is a /ill l>g] & no less int]e/+ c\ntry1 :i* has be5 comp>atively neglect$4 ,n all ! int]e/ ( ! ,rh9e lies 9 its ca/l$ crags or its v9e-clad slopes1 & n all ! hi/ory ( ! middle ages emanat$ f feudal /rongholds4 ,! ,*ur* "h1 z 9 ,france1 play$ its "p & play$ x glori\sly4 ,9 ?is discussion ( ! ,rh9e *ur*es f ,con/ance to ,leyd51 ! read] w be tak5 on :at might1 ) consid]able lic5se1 be call$ an ar*itectural t\r ( ! ,rh9e1 & w be all[$ to ramble along ! banks ( ! riv]1 look+ 9 & out ( ! v>i\s religi\s edifices ) :i* its cities & t[ns are cr[d$4 ,! valley ( ! ,rh9e is no undiscov]$ l&1 b x s]v$ ! purpose ( ! au?or & ! arti/ well1 = x pres5ts mu* v>iety ( ar*itectural =m1 & an ab\nd+ & appeal+ int]e/ by reason ( ! %ad[s ( ! pa/ /ill l+]+ ov] ^! monum5ts 9 /one4 ,! ,ca!drals & ,*ur*es ( ! ,rh9e ,i ,,introductory ,!re is no topographical division ( ,europe :i* m readily def9es itself & its limits ?an ! ,rh9e valley f ,s*affhaus5 to :]e ! riv] empties into ! ,nor? ,sea4 ,! region has giv5 bir? to hi/ory & leg5d ( a mo/ fasc9at+ "*1 & ! mann]s & cu/oms ( ! p :o dwell along its banks are v>i$ & picturesque4 ,"u ^! circum/ances x 0 b to be expect$ t ar*itectural developm5t %\ld h express$ itself 9 a decid$ & unmi/akable fa%ion4 ,"o usually makes ! ,rh9e t\r z an int]lude :ile on ! way to ,switz]l& or ! ,italian lakes1 ) little ?\ght ( its geographical & hi/orical importance 9 connection ) ! developm5t ( mod]n ,europe4 ,x 0 ! onw>d m>* ( civilization1 fur!r$ by ! ,romans1 ?r\gh ?is greate/ ( natural highways to ! nor?1 t gave ! fir/ political & hi/orical significance to ! c\ntry ( ! ,rh9e wat]%$4 ,& f t day to ?is ! ,rh5i% prov9ces & ! ,l[ ,c\ntries bord]+ ^u ! sea h occupi$ a prom95t place 9 hi/ory4 ,!re is a di/9ct & notable ar*itecture1 conf9$ almo/1 "o may say1 to ! bord]s ( ! ,rh9e1 :i* ! exp]t kn[s z ,rh5i%1 if x c be def9$ at all2 & :i* is di/9ct f t v>iety ( pre-,go?ic ar*itecture kn[n z ,romanesque4 ,x has be5 develop$ ma9ly 9 ! build+ ( ecclesia/ical edifices1 & ! *ur*es & ca!drals ( ! ,rh9e valley1 ?r\gh ,g]many & ! ,ne!rl&s1 are a species :i*1 if !y h n ! ab\nd+ popul> int]e/ ( ! great ,go?ic *ur*es ( ,france1 are q z lordly & impos+ z any ( _! class else:]e4 ,! great ca!dral at ,cologne /&s out among its ,go?ic compe]s z ! beau-ideal ( our imag9ation1 :ile ! ca!dral at ,t\rnai1 9 ,belgium--:i*1 :ile n exactly ( ! ,rh9e1 is contigu\s to x--is ! prototype ( m ?an "o ( ! less] & primitive ,go?ic ca!drals ( ,france1 & has ev5 l5t its quadruple elevation to ,notre ,dame at ,p>is1 & 0 possibly ! precursor ( ! ca!dral at ,limburg-on-,lahn4 ,f ?is x w be inf]r$ t ! build]s ( ! *ur*es ( ! ,rh9e c\ntry 7 no m]e tyros or exp]im5t]s1 b r t !y 7 possess$ ( ! be/ tal5ts ( ! "t4 ,!re is mu* ( int]e/ await+ ! lov] ( *ur*es :o makes ev5 ! conv5tional ,rh9e t\r1 ?\gh mo/ly ! t\ri/ 9 ^! p>ts has h]et(ore res]v$ 8 s5tim5ts & emotions = ! admiration ( its !atrical-look+ crags & ca/les1 ! memory ( its leg5ds ( ! ,lorelei1 etc41 a nodd+ acqua9tance ) ! ca/le ( ,heidelb]g1 & a prop] or improp] appreciation ( ! wat]side be]-g>d5s ( ,cologne4 ,= ! mo/ "p ! real romance & hi/ory ( ! ,rh9e1 z x fl[s f its s\rce 9 ! ,grisons to ! ,nor? ,sea1 has be5 neglect$4 ,!re are a l>ge numb] ( p]sons :o are cont5t to admire ! popul> attractions ( conv5tion2 sometimes !y evoke an int]e/ some:at out ( ! ord9>y1 b up to n[ app>5tly no "o has gone to ! ,rh9e ) ! sole object ( visit+ its magnific5t gall]y ( ecclesia/ical treasures4 ,no "o gl[s ) en?usiasm at ! m5tion ( ^! ,rh5i% *ur*es z !y d = ! ,go?ic m>vels ( ,france4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 impossible1 9 spite ( ,cologne1 ,spey]1 & ,/rasburg1 t !y %\ld supplant ,reims1 ,ami5s1 ,*>tres1 or ,r\5 9 ! popul> fancy1 to say no?+ ( real excell5ce2 = ^! f\r ,fr5* examples repres5t ne>ly all t is be/ 9 m$ival *ur* ar*itecture4 ,! ,re=mation 9 ,g]many1 ) its att5dant unre/1 acc\nts = a c]ta9 latitude & v>iety 9 ! types ( *ur* fitm5ts1 z well z--9 _m cases--an unconv5tional arrangem5t or disposition ( ! fabric itself4 ,"o ?+ is mo/ app>5t ) reg>d to ,g]man *ur*es 9 g5]al1--! fitt+s & p>aph]nalia1 z di/9ct f ! con/ructive or decorative elem5ts ( ! fabric1 are f> m ornate & num]\s ?an 9 *ur*es ( a simil> rank else:]e4 ,x is true t ! ,revolution play$ its "p ( de/ruction along ! ,rh9e1 b 9 spite ( ?is !re is an abundance ( sculpture & o!r ornam5t /ill left4 ,?us "o almo/ always f9ds elaborate *oir-/alls1 scre5s1 pulpits1 & alt>-pieces1 ( a quantity & excell5ce t contra/ /rongly ) ! sev]e outl9es ( ! fabric :i* %elt]s !m4 ,9 connection ) ! ar*itectural =ms ( ! ecclesia/ical build+s ( a c\ntry mu/ inv>iably be consid]$ su* secul> & civic e/abli%m5ts z repres5t ! /ate 9 its relation to ! ,*ur*1 & along ! ,rh9e1 z else:]e on ! cont95t ( ,europe1 ! pa/ =ms an insep>able l9k :i* /ill b9ds ! two4 ,"h1 n only ! public ar*itecture1 b ! private1 dome/ic ar*itecture takes on =ms :i*1 v>i$ ?\gh !y are1 belong to no o!r regions4 ,!y are1 moreov]1 only to be judg$ at _! true value :5 consid]$ z a ?+ ( ye/]day1 r ?an ( to-day4 ,t portion ( ! ,rh9e :i* is be/ wor? kn[+1 accord+ to ! ideas ( ! conv5tional t\ri/1 is t :i* lies betwe5 ,cologne & ,may5ce4 ,?is is ! region ( ! travel-ag5cies1 & ( ! droves ( sightse]s :o annually sweep d[n ^u ! leg5d>y ,rh9e1 z !y h le>n$ to call x1 on foot1 on bicycle1 & by tra91 /eamboat1 & automobile4 ,above & bel[ ^! cities is a great _w ( ar*itectural weal? :i* has n ! b5efit ( ev5 a nodd+ acqua9tance ) mo/ new-c5tury travell]s4 ,to !m ,/rasburg is mo/ly a my?1 ?\gh ev5 ! vague memory ( ! "p x play$ 9 ! ,franco-,prussian w> ought to /amp x z some?+ m ?an t1 to say no?+ ( its awkw>dly spir$1 b v beautiful & mo/ anci5t ca!dral4 ,/ill f>!r d[n ! riv] "o comes to ,dsseldorf1 t mo/ mod]n ( ,g]man cities4 ,at ,neuss1 a %ort di/ance f ,dsseldorf1 is ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,quir9us1 :i* w live 9 ! note-books ( ar*itectural /ud5ts z "o ( ! great build+s ( ! _w4 ,x is a s+ul>ly ample riv]-bottom t is dra9$ by ! ,rh9e f its ,alp9e s\rce to ! sea1 & "o :i* (f]s practically an inexhau/ible v>iety ( *>m+ environm5t2 & "h1 z else:]e1 ar*itecture plays no small "p 9 reflect+ ! mann]s1 cu/oms1 & temp]am5ts ( ! p4 ,( ! value ( ! arti/ic pret5sions ( ! p ( ,holl& we h mo/ly obta9$ our op9ions f ! pictures ( ,t5i]s1 or f ! illu/rat$ po/-c>ds1 :i* %[ clean-look+ maid5s b$eck$ 9 g>m5ts t look z ?\gh !y _h j be5 laund]$4 ,to ^! might be add$ adv]tisem5ts ( *ocolate & o!r articles :i* %[ to "s ext5t ! qua9t w9dmills & dwell+-h\ses ( ! t[ns4 ,ap>t f ^! !re is little f :i* to judge ( ! weal? ( ar*itectural treasures ( ?is mo/ fasc9at+ ( c\ntries1 ^: *ur*es1 if !y are b>e & gaunt 9 _m ways1 are at lea/ z sympa!tic 9 _! appeal+ int]e/ z _m situat$ 9 a less au/]e climate4 ,to realize ?is "o has b to recall ! %ip-model-hung ,k]k at ,ha>lem2 ! qua9t little m9>et :i* rises above ! ro( tops ( ,leyd52 or1 ! gr&e/ ( all1 ! ,groote ,k]k ( ,rott]dam1 :i*1 on a cl\d-riv5 autumn day1 composes itself into v>y+ moods & symphonies :i* w\ld h made ,:i/l] himself eag] & envi\s ( its beauty & gr&eur4 ,9 s f> z ?is book deals only ) ! *ur*es & ca!drals ( ! ,rh9e1 & foll[s ! c\rse ( ! ,n$] ,rijn & ! ,oud ,rijn ?r\gh ,holl&1 !re are b ?ree ,dut* cities :i* br+ !mselves naturally into l9e3 ,arnheim1 ,utre*t1 & ,leyd54 ,s f> z ,am]icans are conc]n$1 !re is a w>m spot 9 _! he>ts = ,old ,holl&1 :5 !y rememb] ! brave little b& ( ,pilgrims :o ga!r$ at ,leyd5 & set sail f ,delf?av5 = _! new home across ! seas4 ,?is 0 b ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago1 :i*1 s f> z ! antiquity ( ,european civilization goes1 c\nts = b little4 ,x is some?+1 h[ev]1 to realize t ! m$ival ar*itectural monum5ts ( ^! places are ! v ones :i* ! ,pilgrims !mselves knew4 ,x is true1 h[ev]1 t _! outlook ^u life 0 too au/]e to h all[$ !m to absorb any great am\nt ( ! arti/ic expression ( ! ,dut*1 b !y mu/ unque/ionably h be5 impress$ ) ! g5]al appropriat5ess ( ! ar*itecture ar\nd !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g5]al ,,view ( ,,leyd5 ,bel[ ,dsseldorf ! topography & ar*itectural features alike *ange rapidly1 & ! true ,rh5i% ar*itecture ( heavy ar*es1 ) an occasional spr9kl+ ( fairy-l ,go?ic1 really beg9s4 ,neuss1 ,ess51 & all ! ,we/phalian gr\p ( solidly built mn/]s speak volumes = ,g]man m$ival *ur* ar*itecture1 :ile up ! ,rh9e1 pa/ ,dsseldorf1 ,cologne1 ,bonn1 ,knigswat]1 ,remag51 ,s9zig1 ,&]na*1 ,cobl5z1 & all ! way to ,may5ce1 & on pa/ ,s*affhaus5 to ,basel are at lea/ ?ree score ( int]e/+ old *ur*es z f> diff]5t f ^? else:]e z c\ld possibly be imag9$1 & yet all s l1 "o to ano!r1 t !y are ( a species by !mselves2 all except ! ca!dral at ,cologne1 :i* foll[s ! be/ practice ( ! ,fr5*1 except t its nave is absurdly %ort = its great bread?1 & t its pond]\s t[]s /& q alone 9 _! class4 ,9 g5]al1 !n1 ! ca!drals & *ur*es ( ! ,rh9e =m a wond]ful collection ( ma/]pieces ( ar*itectural art ) :i* mo/ well-in=m$ folk 9 ! _w to-day %\ld h a desire = acqua9tance%ip4 ,^! (t5 au/]e edifices1 :5 se5 ne> by1 may n appeal to ! popul> fancy z d ^? ( ,france & ,engl&1 & !y may n ev5 h ! p[] to s appeal2 b1 su* z !y are1 !y are q z wor?y ( s]i\s consid]ation & ard5t admiration z any /ructures ( _! k9d 9 exi/5ce1 & !y h1 9 addition1 an environm5t :i* %\ld make a j\rney among !m1 along ! banks ( ! ,rh9e f its s\rce to ! sea1 "o ( ! mo/ enjoyable exp]i5ces ( life4 ,! ,rh9e loses none ( its *>ms by intimate acqua9tance2 its hi/ory & leg5ds /& out ) ev5 m prom95ce2 & ! qua9t ar*itectural =ms ( its cities are at lea/ *>act]i/ically conv9c+4 ,rema9s ( e p]iod may be f\nd by ! antiqu>y1 f ! "t :5 ! ,roman eagle 0 triumphant ?r\gh\t ! dom9ion ( ! ,franks to feudal & w>like times ne>] our own day4 ,9 addition1 !re are ev] to be f\nd evid5ces ( ! frugality & ?rift ( ! ,g]mans :i* pres]ve ! be/ traditions ( o!r days4 ,! love ( ! ,rh9el& 9 ! brea/ ( ! ,teuton is an indescribable s5tim5t2 a confusion ( ! high] & l[] emotions4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( ! national g5ius4 ,we h be5 told1 & rightly3 ,y _c pa9t ! ,rh9e1 y _c ev5 describe x1 = picture or poem w\ld leave out half ( ! :ole delici\s confusion4 ,! ,rh9e1 h[ev]1 c be set to music1 & t app>5tly is j :at has be5 done4 ,ev]y:]e "o he>s ! music ( ! fa!rl&4 ,:e!r x is ! songs & madrigals ( ! ,*ur*1 or ( ! ,g]man b&s 9 ! ,volksg>t51 x is always ! same1 a light1 irrepressible emotion :i* does mu* t[>d elucidat+ ! complex ,g]man "*4 ,n[h]e m ?an at ,cologne is ?is contra/ app>5t4 ,x is ! mo/ delightful ( all ,rh9e cities4 ,usually t\ri/s g !re1 or are s5t !re--:i* is ab\t :at x am\nts to 9 mo/ cases--9 ord] to beg9 _! ,rh9e t\r4 ,be=e !y />t up-/ream1 !y /roll ab\t ! city1 pop 9 & out ( its glori\s ca!dral1 & p]haps "o or ano!r ( its magnific5t *ur*es1--if !y happ5 to be on _! l9e ( m>* to or f "s widely sep>at$ po9ts1--make ! usual pur*ase ( real eau de ,cologne1--?\gh d\btless !y are deceiv$ into buy+ a poor imitation1--& w9d up 9 a riv]-side conc]t-g>d51 ) mu* music & be]-dr9k+ 9 ! op54 ,?is is all prop] en\gh1 b ?is book does n aim at rec\nt+ a r\nd ( ^! delights4 ,x deals1 if n ) ! ,teutonic emotions !mselves1 at lea/ ) ! expression ( !m 9 ! magnific5t & picturesquely dispos$ *ur*es ( bo? banks ( ! ,rh9e1 f its s\rce to ! sea4 ,,ii ,,! ,,rh9e ,,cities ,,& ,,t[ns ,cs>1 ,*>lemagne1 & ,napoleon all play$ _! great p>ts 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,rh9e1 &1 9 lat] days1 hi/orians1 poets1 & pa9t]s ( all %ades ( ability & op9ion h done _! "p to p]petuate its glories4 ,! ,rh9e valley =m$ a "p ( ?ree divisions ( ! anci5t ,gaul conqu]$ by ! ,romans3 ,la ,belgica1 t[>d ! coa/ ( ! ,nor? ,sea2 ,g]manica ,i41 ) ,moguntiacum 7,may5ce7 z its capital2 & ,g]manica ,,ii41 ) ,colonia ,agripp9a 7,cologne7 z its *ief t[n4 ,! ,rh9e 0 ! great b>ri] betwe5 ! ,romans & ! ,g]man tribes1 &1 9 ! "t ( ,tib]ius1 eight legions gu>d$ ! fronti]4 ,! political & economic influ5ces :i* ov]fl[$ f ! ,rh9e valley h be5 mo/ mom5t\s4 ,! ,rh9e =m$ "o ( ! great ,roman highways to ! nor?1 & x is int]e/+ to note t ! fir/ description ( x is ,cs>'s1 ?\gh he himself _h little famili>ity ) x4 ,he wrote ( ! rapidity ( its fl[1 & built1 or caus$ to be built1 a wood5 bridge ov] x1 betwe5 ,cobl5z & ,&]na*4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,rh9e we h a hi/ory ( ,europe4 ,a b\nd>y ( ! empire ( ,cs>1 x aft]w>d gave passage to ! b>b>ian hordes :o ov]?rew imp]ial ,rome4 ,*>lemagne made x ! outpo/ ( 8 p[]1 & lat] ! ,*ur* ga9$ /r5g? 9 ! cities on its banks1 :ile mona/]ies & feudal /rongholds rose up quickly "o aft] ano!r4 ,ord]s ( *ivalry 7 e/abli%$ at ,may5ce2 & knights ( ! ,teutonic ord]1 ( ,rhodes1 & ( ! ,temple1 appe>$ ^u ! sc5e4 ,! m9nes+] & ! tr\bad\r prais$ its w9es1 told ( its conte/s1 & celebrat$ its victories4 ,! hills1 ! caves1 ! =e/s1 ! /ream1 & ! solid rocks !mselves 7 t5ant$ by sup]/ition1 by oreads1 m]maids1 gnomes1 ,black ,huntsm51 & demons 9 all imag9able fanta/ic %apes4 ,meantime ! t[ns 7 gr[+ "u ! influ5ce ( trade1--! grimy p[] t de/roy$ ! feudal sy/em4 ,! ,re=m$ religion f\nd an advocate at ,con/ance 9 ,john ,huss ev5 be=e ,lu!r fulm9at$ aga9/ ,rome2 pr9t+ 0 accompli%$ by ,gut5b]g at ,may5ce2 & n[ /eam & electricity h awak5$ a new era4 ,cs>1 ,attila1 ,clovis1 ,*>lemagne1 ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa1 ,rudolph ( ,hapsburg1 ! ,palat9e ,fr$]ick ! ,fir/1 ,gu/avus ,adolphus1 & ,napoleon h be5 victori\s ^u its banks4 ,:at m c\ld fate d to give ! /ream an almo/ immortality ( fame8 ,little by little !re 7 e/abli%$ on ! banks ( ! riv] popul\s po/s & c5tres ( comm]ce4 ,! milit>y camps ( ,drusus _h gr[n into settl$ communities1 until to-day are f\nd along ! ,rh9e ! great cities ( ,basel1 ,/rasburg1 ,spey]1 ,worms1 ,may5ce1 ,cobl5z1 ,cologne1 & ,dsseldorf1 & betwe5 !m are dott$ a s]ies ( cities & t[ns less important only 9 size1 c]ta9ly n 9 ! magnitude ( _! int]e/ = ! travell] or /ud5t1 nor 9 _! /ori$ pa/4 ,( ! m romantic1 ?\gh p]haps n m picturesque1 elem5ts ( v9e-clad slopes--:]e is produc$ ! celebrat$ ,rhe9we9--! rapid fl[ ( ,rh9e wat]1 & ! fabl$ dwell+-places ( sprites & ,rh9emaid5s1 !re is q en\gh = _m an ent]ta9+ volume n yet writt54 ,aft] trav]s+ sev]al ( ! cantons1 ! ,rh9e leaves ,switz]l& at ,basel1 on its c\rse1 ?r\gh ,g]many & ,holl&1 to ! sea4 ,its *ief tribut>ies are ! ,neck>1 ,murg1 ,k9zig1 ,a>1 ,ma91 ,nahe1 ,lahn1 ,moselle1 ,erft1 ,ruhr1 & ,lippe4 ,its wat]s furni% capital salmon1 :i*1 curi\sly en\gh1 :5 tak5 on _! passage up ! /ream1 are call$ la*se2 b1 :5 caught 9 autumn on _! way d[n to ! sea1 are kn[n z salmon4 ,x af=ds also /urgeon1 pike1 c>p1 & lampreys4 ,its enorm\s rafts ( timb] h (t5 be5 describ$1 & %\ld be se5 to be appreciat$4 ,!y (t5 c>ri$ half a village ( p1 & 7 ( great value4 ,to-day ^! great rafts1 h[ev]1 are seldom se54 ,9 summ]1 :5 ! t\ri/ visits ! riv]1 its c\rse is comp>atively calm & ord]ly2 x is only 9 spr+1 :5 ! sn[s melt rapidly 9 ,switz]l&1 t ,fa!r ,rh9e is to be beheld 9 all 8 might2 = !n ! wat]s (t5 rise a doz5 feet above _! common level4 ,its dep? f ,basel to ,/rasburg av]ages t5 to twelve feet2 at ,may5ce1 tw5ty-f\r feet2 at ,dsseldorf1 fifty feet4 ,to ,basel1 ?r\gh ! ,lake ( ,con/ance f ,grisons1 ! ,rh9e =ms a b\nd>y betwe5 ,switz]l& & ! ,g]man ,/ates4 ,f ,basel to ,may5ce x w9ds its way ?r\gh ! anci5t b$ ( ! glaci]s2 & f ,may5ce to ,b+5 x fl[s ?r\gh rocky walls to ,bonn1 :]e x ent]s ! great alluvial pla9 ?r\gh :i* x makes its way to ! ocean4 ,! valley ( ! ,rh9e has be5 call$ ! art]y :i* gives life to all ,prussia4 ,! reason is obvi\s to any :o h ! slighte/ acqua9tance ) ! region4 ,! comm]ce ( ! ,rh9e is ceaseless2 day & night1 up & d[n /ream1 ! procession ( /eamboats1 canal-boats1 floats1 & b>ges is almo/ con/ant4 ,f ! dawn ( hi/ory bo? banks ( ! ,l[] ,rh9e _h belong$ to ,g]many1 & !y are /ill inhabit$ by ,g]mans4 ,t5 c5turies or m h elaps$ s9ce ! b\nd>ies ( ! ea/]n & we/]n k+dom ( ! ,franks 7 fix$ at ,v]dun1 &1 ?\gh ! ,fr5* fronti] _h frequ5tly advanc$ t[>d ,g]many1 & at c]ta9 po9ts _h actually rea*$ ! ,rh9e1 no claim 0 advanc$ to t portion :i* 0 yet ,g]man until ! cry ( ,to ! ,rh9e res\nd$ ?r\gh ! ,fr5* prov9ces 9 #ahgj-ga4 ,( c\rse ! obvi\s argum5t ( ! ,fr5* 01 & is1 an app>5tly ju/ifiable pret5sion to ext5d ,france to its natural fronti]1 b ?is is ill-f\nd$ on prec$5t1 & mon/r\s z well4 ,aga9/ x we h 9 hi/ory t a riv]-b$ is n a natural delimitation ( t]ritorial dom9ation4 ,! ,cisalp9e ,gauls ext5d$ _! p[]s across ! riv] ,po1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica fir/ claim$ ,oregon by virtue ( ! int]pretation t a b\nd>y at a riv] %\ld give control ( bo? banks1 ?\gh h[ f> beyond ! o!r bank !y might claim is une/abli%$4 ,until ! ,lake ( ,con/ance is rea*$1 ) its f9e city ( ! same "n at its we/]ly end1 !re are no cities1 t[ns1 or villages 9 :i* "o w\ld expect to f9d ecclesia/ical monum5ts ( ! fir/ rank2 inde$1 "o may say t !re are none4 ,b ! :ole ,rh9e wat]%$1 t great ?or\ghf>e ?r\gh :i* ,*ri/ianiz+ & civiliz+ influ5ces made _! way nor?w>d f ,italy1 is replete ) memorials ( "o sort or ano!r ( ^? significant ev5ts ( hi/ory :i* 7 made d\bly impressive & f>-rea*+ by reason ( _! religi\s aspect4 ,! ?ree t9y s\rces ( ! ,rh9e are born 9 ! canton ( ,grisons1 & are kn[n z ! ,vord]-,rhe91 ! ,mittel-,rhe91 & ! ,h9t]-,rhe94 ,at ,dis5tis 0 "o ( ! mo/ anci5t ,b5$ict9e mona/]ies ( ! ,g]man ,alps4 ,x 0 f\nd$ 9 #fad1 & /ood high ^u ! hillside ( ,m\nt ,vak>aka1 at ! conflu5ce ( two ( ! bran*es ( ! ,rh9e4 ,its abbots _h great political influ5ce & 7 pr9ces ( ! ,empire4 ,!y 7 ! f\nd]s ( ! ,gray ,bro!rhood1 & 7 ! fir/ magi/rates ( ! region4 ,! abbey ( ,dis5tis 01 9 #agii1 captur$ & set on fire by ! ,fr5*1 b lat] on x 0 re/abli%$1 only to suff] aga9 f fire 9 #ahdf1 ?\gh x 0 aga9 rebuilt 9 m mode/ /yle4 ,/4 ,trons 0 ! =m] seat ( ! ,p>liam5t ( ,grisons4 ,its *ief ecclesia/ical monum5t is a memorial *apel d$icat$ to ,/4 ,anne4 ,on its por* "o may read ! foll[+ inscription3 ,9 lib]tatem vocati e/is ,ubi spiritus dom9i1 ibi lib]tas ,9 te sp]av]unt patres ,sp]av]unt et lib]a/i oes4 ,coire 0 ! anci5t ,curia ,rhtiorum4 ,x is ! capital ( ! ,canton ( ,grisons1 & 0 ! seat ( a bi%op z e>ly z #efb4 ,! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e made ! t[n 8 w9t] qu>t]s 9 ! f\r? c5tury4 ,! *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>t91 to-day belong+ to ! ,re=m$ ,*ur*1 is an unconv9c+ & 9 no way rem>kable monum5t1 b 9 :at is kn[n z ! ,episcopal ,c\rt1 beh9d great walls1 t[]-flank$ & ) heavily b>r$ gateways1 "o comes ^u evid5ces ( ! ecclesia/ical importance ( ! t[n 9 o!r days4 ,! walls ( ! anci5t ecclesia/ical city enclose a plat ne>ly triangul> 9 =m4 ,on "o side are ! canons' resid5ces & o!r dome/ic e/abli%m5ts1 & on ! o!r ! ca!dral & ! bi%op's palace4 ,9 ! episcopal palace are a numb] ( f9e portraits1 :i* are m a record ( mann]s & cu/oms 9 dress ?an !y are ( *ur*ly hi/ory4 ,! small ca!dral & all ! o!r edifices date f an eigh?-c5tury f\ndation1 & are 9 ! manife/ ,romanesque /yle ( a v e>ly p]iod4 ,)9 ! ca!dral are a numb] ( fun]al monum5ts ( n mu* arti/ic wor? & a s]ies ( pa9t+s by ,holbe9 & ,dr]4 ,z an art c5tre ,coire w\ld appe> to rank high] ?an x does z a city ( ar*itectural treasures1 = x 0 also ! bir?place ( ,angelica ,kauffmann1 :o 0 born "h 9 #agda4 ,ragatz is m fam\s z a wat]+-place--= ! ba?s ( ,pfeff]s are truly celebrat$--?an z a treasure-h\se ( religi\s art1 ?\gh 9 =m] days ! abbey ( ,pfeff]s 0 ( great r5[n4 ,its f\ndation dates f #gbj1 b ! build+ z x exi/s to-day 0 only erect$ 9 #affe4 ,! *ur*1 9 "p ( m>ble1 conta9s "s good pictures4 ,! abbey 0 =m]ly v weal?y1 & its abbot bore ! title ( pr9ce4 ,! conv5t is to-day occupi$ by ! ,b5$ict9es1 to :om also ! ba?s belong4 ,f ?is po9t on1 z "o draws ne> ! ,lake ( ,con/ance1 ! ,alp9e "* ( ! topography some:at *anges4 ,! ,lake ( ,con/ance 0 kn[n to ! ,romans z ,brigant9us ,lacus or ! ,lacus ,rh5i4 ,x has n s impos+ a sett+ z _m ( ! ,swiss or ,italian lakes1 b its eighte5 hundr$ squ>e kilometres give ! city ( ,con/ance itself an environm5t t mo/ inl& t[ns ( ,europe lack4 ,! ,lake ( ,con/ance1 l all ( ! ,alp9e lakes1 is subject at times to viol5t tempe/s4 ,x is v pl5tifully suppli$ ) fi%1 & is fam\s = its pike1 tr\t1 &1 above all1 its fre% h]r+4 ,f ,basel ! ,rh9e fl[s we/w>d "u ! la/ heights ( ! ,jura1 & turns !n to ! nor? b5ea? ! %elt] ( ! ,vosges1 &1 z x fl[s by ,/rasburg1 fir/ beg9s to take on t maje/y :i* "o usually associates ) a great riv]4 ,at ! conflu5ce ( ! ,ma91 aft] pass+ ,spey]1 ,worms1 & ,mannheim1 ! ,rh9e fir/ acquires t comm]cialism :i* has made x s important to ! latt]-day developm5t ( ,prussia4 ,at ! juncture ( ! ,ma9 & ,rh9e is ,may5ce1 "o ( ! /ronge/ milit>y positions 9 ,europe to-day4 ,"h ! ,rh9e hurls itself aga9/ ! slopes ( ! ,taunus & turns abruptly aga9 to ! we/1 aggr&iz+ itself at ! same "t1 to a wid? ( f five hundr$ to sev5 hundr$ metres4 ,%ortly aft] x has pass$ ! la/ foot-hills ( ! ,taunus1 x ent]s t n>r[ gorge :i*1 = a matt] ( #aej kilometres1 has catalogu$ its "n & fame s brilliantly among ! /ock sights ( ! globe-trott]4 ,no consid]ation ( ! economic "p play$ by ! ,rh9e %\ld ov]look ! two int]national canals :i* connect t riv] ) ,france ?r\gh ! ,rhne & ! ,m>ne4 ,! fir/ ent]s ! ,rh9e at ,/rasburg1 a small fe$] runn+ to ,basel1 & ! latt]1 />t+ at ,vitry-le-,franois1 jo9s ! ,m>ne ) ! ,rh9e at ! same place1 ,/rasburg4 ,on ! fronti] ( ! =m] dp>tem5t ( ! ,haut-,rh91 "o may view an imm5se horizon f ! s\? to ! nor?4 ,f "o p>ticul> spot1 :]e ! heights ( ! ,vosges beg9 to level1 x is said t "o may see ! t[]s ( ,/rasburg1 ( ,spey]1 ( ,worms1 & ( ,heidelb]g4 ,if s1 x is a wond]ful panorama1 & x mu/ h be5 on a simil> site t ! ,*teau ( ,trifels 7?ree rocks7 0 situat$1 9 :i* ,ri*>d ,coeur de ,lion 0 imprison$ :5 deliv]$ up to ,h5ry ,,vi4 by ,leopold ( ,au/ria4 ,to di/ract himself he sang ! songs taught him by 8 tr\bad\r1 to ! accompanim5t ( ! h>p1 says bo? hi/ory & leg5d1 until "o day ! fai?ful ,blondel1 :o 0 pursu+ 8 way up & d[n ! l5g? ( ,europe 9 se>* ( 8 royal ma/]1 appe>$ be=e 8 w9d[4 ,"s fai?ful knights1 entirely devot$ to _! pr9ce1 _h foll[$ 9 ! wake ( ! tr\bad\r1 & 7 able to rescue ,ri*>d by ! aid ( a "y girl1 ,ma?ilde by "n1 :o _h recogniz$ ! songs sung by ,blondel z be+ ! same z ^? ( ! royal prison] 9 ! t[] ( ! *teau4 ,:5 ! tr\bad\r 0 l$ to ! door ( ! pr9ce's cell1 he he>d a voice call to him3 ,e/-ce toi1 mon *] ,blondel8 ,oui1 c'e/ moi1 mon seigneur1 repli$ ! s+]4 ,comptez sur mon zle et sur celui de quelques amis fidles--n\s v\s deliv]ons4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g5]al ,,view ( ,d,,sseldorf ,! next day ! escape 0 made ?r\gh an ov]p[]+ ( ! gu>d2 & ,ri*>d1 9 ! mid/ ( 8 fai?ful *evali]s1 ultimately arriv$ 9 ,engl&4 ,blondel _h mean:ile l$ ! will+ ,ma?ilde to ! alt>1 & receiv$ a ri* recomp5se f ! k+4 ,z ! ,rh9e ent]s ! pla9 at ,cologne1 x comes into its f\r? & la/ phase4 ,fl[+ pa/ ,dsseldorf & ,wesel1 x quits ,g]man soil j beyond ,emm]i*1 & ent]s ! ,l[ ,c\ntries 9 two bran*es4 ,! ,waal cont9ues its c\rse t[>d ! we/ by ,nymeg51 & ?r\gh its va/ e/u>y1 by ,dordre*t1 to ! sea4 ,! ,rh9e prop] takes a m nor!rly c\rse1 &1 z ! ,n$] ,rijn1 passes ,arnheim & ,utre*t1 & !nce1 tak+ ! "n ( ,oud ,rijn1 fills ! canals ( ,leyd5 & goes onw>d to ! ,g]man ,ocean4 ,twelve kilometres f ,leyd5 is ,katwyck aan ,zee1 :]e1 betwe5 colossal dikes1 ! ,rh9e at la/ f9ds its way to ! op5 sea4 ,m humble yet at its tomb ?an 9 ! cradle ( its bir?1 x ent]s ! tempe/u\s wat]s ( ! ,g]man ,ocean ?r\gh an uncompromis+ & unbeautiful sluice built by ! gov]nm5t ( ,l\is ,bonap>te4 ,= m ?an elev5 hundr$ kilometres x fl[s betwe5 banks r$ol5t ( hi/ory & leg5d to s great an ext5t t x is b natural t ! art & ar*itecture ( its environm5t %\ld h be5 "s unique type :i*1 l5d+ its influ5ce to ! bord] c\ntries1 left its impress ?r\gh\t an area :i* c h>dly be re/rict$ by ! riv]'s banks !mselves4 ,we "k h[1 9 ,g]many1 x gave bir? to a v>iety ( ecclesia/ical ar*itecture :i* is recogniz$ by ! _w z a di/9ct ,rh5i% type4 ,9 ,holl& ! ar*itectural =ms p>took ( a mu* m simple or primitive "*2 b !y1 too1 are di/9ctly ,rh5i%2 at lea/1 !y h n ! refulg5ce ( ! full-bl[n ,go?ic ( ,france4 ,ta9e1 9 8 ,art 9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 goes into ! "* ( ! l&1 & ! /ruggle dem&$ ( ! p to reclaim x f ! sea1 & ! en]gy1 ! vigilance requir$ to secure x f its onslaughts s t !y1 = !mselves & _! families1 might possess a safe & quiet he>?/one4 ,he draws a picture ( ! homes ?us safegu>d$1 & ( h[ ?is s5se ( immunity fo/]$ f9ally a life ( mat]ial com=t & enjoym5t4 ,all ?is _h an effect ^u local ar*itectural types1 & ! great "p play$ by ! valley ( ! ,rh9e 9 ! developm5t ( mann]s & cu/oms is n excell$ by any o!r topographical feature 9 ,europe1 if x is ev5 equall$4 ,c\pl$ to ! wond]s ( art are ! wond]s ( nature1 & ! ,rh9e is b\ntifully bless$ ) ! latt] z well4 ,! conv5tional ,rh9e t\r ( our =efa!rs is tak51 ev5 to-day1 by c\ntless ?\s&s to :om its beauties1 its leg5ds1 & its hi/ory appeal4 ,b :e!r "o goes to /udy *ur*es1 = a m]e holiday1 or z a pleasant way ( cross+ ,europe1 he w be /ruck by ! a/oni%+ simil>ity ( tone 9 ! :ole col\r-s*eme ( ! ,rh9e4 ,! key-note is ! same :e!r he foll[s x up f its juncture ) salt wat] at ,katwyck or ?r\gh ! gateway ( ! lazy ,s*eldt1 via ,antw]p1 or ?r\gh ,aix-la-,*apelle & ,cologne4 ,soon] or lat] ! true ,rh9el& is rea*$1 & ! pilgrim1 on 8 way1 :e!r 8 %r9es be religi\s ones or worldly1 w dr9k 8 fill ( s5sations :i* are z new & diff]5t f ^? :i* w be met ) 9 ,france1 ,italy1 & ,spa9 z x is possible to conceive4 ,f ! days ( ,*>lemagne1 & ev5 be=e1 d[n ?r\gh ! f]v5t p]iod ( ! ,crusades1 to ! romantic middle ages1 ! ,rh9e r+s its true note 9 ! gamut1 & r+s x l\dly4 ,x has play$ a great "p 9 hi/ory1 & to its geographical & political importance is add$ ! always pot5t *>m ( natural beauty4 ,! *ur*-build] & 8 foll[]s1 too1 7 important factors 9 x all1 = "o ( ! glories ( all mod]n ,european nations w ev] be _! *ur*es & ! memories ( _! *ur*m5 ( ! pa/4 ,,iii ,,! ,,*ur* ,,9 ,,g]many ,!re h be5 ^? :o h claim$ t ! two great bless+s be/[$ ^u ! _w by ,g]many are ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ by ,gut5b]g1 :i* emanat$ f ,may5ce 9 #adcf1 & ! ,re=mation />t$ by ,lu!r at ,witt5b]g 9 #aeag4 ,! /atem5t may be op5 to criticism1 b x is haz>d$ nev]!less4 ,z to h[ really religi\s ! ,g]mans h always be51 "o has b to recall ,s*ill]'s ,song ( ! ,bell4 ,c]ta9ly a p :o lay su* /ress ^u op5+ ! common e-day life ) pray] mu/ always h be5 devot$ to religion4 ,! "q ( ! religi\s t5ets ( ,g]many is /udi\sly avoid$ 9 ?is book1 z f> z mak+ comp>isons betwe5 ! ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant religions is conc]n$4 ,at ! f9i% ( ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w>1 ,nor? ,g]many _h become almo/ entirely ,prote/ant1 & _m ( ! =m] bi%ops' *ur*es _h become by =ce ( circum/ances cold] & less attractive ?an =m]ly1 ev5 ?\gh _m ( ! ,lu!ran *ur*es to-day keep up "s semblance ( high c]emony & alt> decorations4 ,x is curi\s1 h[ev]1 t _m ( ^! *ur*es are q clos$ to ! public on any day b ,sunday or "s ( ! great holidays4 ,9 ! ,rh9e prov9ces ! ,ca?olic fai? has mo/ /rongly endur$4 ,9 ! ,g]man ,ca?olic ca!drals ! morn+ s]vice f half-pa/ n9e to t5 is usually a s]vice ( mu* impressiv5ess1 & at ,cologne1 belov$ ( all /rang] t\ri/s1 nones1 vesp]s1 & compl9e are sung daily ) mu* devotion4 ,! ecclesia/ical f\ndation 9 ,g]many is prop]ly attributable to monki% influ5ces4 ,betwe5 ! ,rh9e & ! ,baltic !re 7 no cities be=e ! "t ( ,*>lemagne1 al?\gh ! settlem5ts e/abli%$ !re by ! ,*ur* = ! conv]sion ( ! natives 7 ! orig9 ( ! communities f :i* sprang ! great cities ( lat] ye>s4 ,! monki% ord]s 7 ev] a p[]ful body ( *ur*-build]s1 & nor? ( ! ,alps 9 ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies1 ev5 ?\gh !y 7 ! gu>dians ( lit]ature z well z ( ! arts1 ! monks 7 possess$ ( an en]gy :i* took its mo/ active =m 9 *ur*-build+4 ,:atev] may h be5 ! orig9 ( ! lat] ,romanesque *ur*-build+1 :e!r x 0 indig5\s to ,lomb>d ,italy or n1 x 0 mu* ! same 9 ,spa91 ,france1 ,engl&1 & ,g]many1 ?\gh x took its mo/ h>dy =m 9 ,g]many1 p]haps ) ! ca!dral ( ,spey] 7#aafe-ij71 :i* is "o ( ! late/ ,romanesque /ructures1 contempor>y ) ! e>ly ,go?ic ( ,france4 ,9 ,italy1 & else:]e along ! ,m$it]ranean1 ! pure ,romanesque 0 some:at dilut$ by ! ,byzant9e influ5ce2 b nor?w>d1 along ! c\rse ( ! ,rh9e1 ! ,romanesque influ5ce _h come to its own 9 a pur] =m ?an x _h 9 ,italy itself4 ,"h x may be well to m5tion "o p]t95t fact ( ,g]man hi/ory1 9 an attempt to %[ h[1 at "o "t at lea/1 ,*ur* & /ate 9 ,g]many 7 m firmly b\nd toge!r ?an at pres5t4 ,! ,g]manic ,empire1 f\nd$ by ,*>lemagne 9 ! ye> #hjj1 0 dissolv$ "u ,francis ,,ii41 :o1 9 #ahjf1 ex*ang$ ! title ( ,emp]or ( ,g]many = t ( ,emp]or ( ,au/ria1 conf9+ himself to 8 h]$it>y dom9ions4 ,9 ! old5 times ! ,g]manic ,empire 0 9 reality a league ( b>ons1 c\nts1 & dukes1 :o1 ?r\gh sev5 ( _! numb]1 elect$ ! emp]or4 ,^! electors 7 ! ,ar*bi%ops ( ,may5ce 7:o 0 also ,primate & ,ar**ancellor ( ! ,empire71 ,trves1 & ,cologne2 ! ,palat9e ( ! ,rh9e1 ,ar*-,/ew>d ( ! ,empire2 ! ,m>grave ( ,br&5burg1 ,ar*-,*amb]la92 ! ,duke ( ,saxony1 ,ar*-,m>%al2 & ! ,k+ ( ,bohemia1 ,ar*-,cupbe>]4 ,9 no "p ( ! ,*ri/ian _w did ! cl]gy possess great] end[m5ts ( p[] & weal? ?an did ^? ( ! ,rh9e valley4 ,! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cologne 0 ! ,ar**ancellor ( ! ,empire1 ! second 9 rank ( ! electoral pr9ces1 & rul] ( an imm5se t]ritory ext5d+ f ,cologne to ,aix-la-,*apelle2 :ile ! ,ar*bi%ops ( ,may5ce & ,trves play$ ! rle ( patri>*s1 & 7 frequ5tly m p[]ful ev5 ?an ! ,popes4 ,all ! bi%ops1 inde$1 7 inve/$ ) rights bo? spiritual & temporal1 ^? ( ! *ur*man & ^? ( ! gr& seigneur1 :i* !y ex]cis$ to ! utmo/ ?r\gh\t _! dioceses4 ,/4 ,boniface 0 s5t on 8 mission to ,g]many 9 #gae1 hav+ cr$5tials & in/ructions f ,pope ,gregory ,,ii4 ,he 0 accompani$ by a l>ge foll[+ ( monks v]s$ 9 ! art ( build+1 & ( lay bre?r5 :o 7 also ar*itects4 ,?is we le>n f ! lett]s ( ,pope ,gregory & ! ,life ( ,/4 ,boniface1 s ! fact is e/abli%$ t *ur*-build+ 9 ,g]many1 if n actually begun by ,/4 ,boniface1 0 at lea/ heal?ily & en?usia/ically /imulat$ by him4 ,among ! bi%oprics f\nd$ by ,boniface 7 ^? ( ,cologne1 ,worms1 & ,spey]1 & x may be rem>k$ t all ( ^! cities h ample evid5ces ( ! r\nd-ar*$ /yle :i* came prior to ! ,go?ic1 :i* foll[$ lat]4 ,if any?+ at all is prov$ ) reg>d to ! di/9ct type kn[n z ,rh5i% ar*itecture1 x is t ! ,lomb>d build]s prec$$ by a long "t ! ,go?ic build]s4 ,*>lemagne's fir/ ef=ts aft] subdu+ ! hea!n ,saxons 0 to enc\rage _! conv]sion to ,*ri/ianity4 ,= ?is purpose he creat$ _m bi%oprics1 "o be+ at ,pad]born1 9 #gie1 a fav\rite place ( resid5ce ) ! emp]or4 ,great dignity 0 enjoy$ by ! ,bi%op ( ,pad]born1 c]ta9 rights ( 8 ext5d+ s f> z ! ,c\ncils ( ,utre*t1 ,lige1 & ,mn/]4 ,! abbess ( ! mona/]y at ,ess51 ne> ,dsseldorf1 0 "u 8 rule2 & ! ,c\nts ( ,old5b]g & ! ,dukes ( ,clves ow$ to him a c]ta9 allegiance2 :ile c]ta9 rights 7 grant$ him by ! cities ( ,cologne1 ,v]dun1 ,aix-la-,*apelle1 & o!rs4 ,^! dignities endur$1 9 "p1 until ! aft]ma? ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 :i* 0 ! real cause ( ! disrupture ( _m ,*>lemagnian traditions4 ,aft] ! ,peace ( ,lunville1 9 #ahja1 ! electorates ( ,cologne1 ,trves1 & ,may5ce 7 suppress$1 toge!r ) ! pr9cipalities ( ,mn/]1 ,hilde%eim1 ,pad]born1 & ,osnabrck1 :ile su* abbeys & mona/]ies z _h come ?r\gh ! ,re=mation 7 dissolv$4 ,besides ,*>lemagne's bi%oprics1 o!rs f\nd$ by ,o?o ! ,great 7 suppress$4 ,^u ! re/oration ( ! ,rh5i% prov9ces to ,g]many 9 #ahad1 ! ,ca?olic hi]>*y 0 re/abli%$ & a re>rangem5t ( dioceses took place4 ,a treaty ) ! ,prussian /ate gave ,cologne aga9 an ar*bi%opric1 ) suffragans at ,trves1 ,mn/]1 & ,pad]born1 & ,c\nt ,*>les ,spiegel zum ,des5burg 0 made ar*bi%op4 ,o!r prov9ces aspir$ to simil> concessions1 & c]ta9 ( ! suppress$ sees 7 rerect$4 ,! ,lu!riz$ di/ricts1 nor? & ea/w>d ( ! ,rh9e1 7 v ext5sive1 b ! influ5ce :i* w5t =? aga9 f ,cologne s]v$ to c\nt]act ?is to a great ext5t4 ,! ,ca?olic hi]>*y 9 ,g]many is made up z foll[s3 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,,ar*bi%oprics ,,suffragans ,pos5 & ,gnes5 ,kulm & ,ermel& ,breslau ,olmtz ,prague ,cologne ,hilde%eim1 ,osnabrck1 ,mn/]1 ,pad]born1 ,fulda1 ,limburg1 ,trves1 ,may5ce4 ,freiburg 9 ,breisgau ,wrtemb]g1 ,augsburg1 ,muni* & ,freis+ ,passau & ,ratisbon4 ,bamb]g ,wrzburg1 ,ei*/adt1 & ,spey]1 & ! ,vic>iat ( ,dresd54 ,/rasburg & ,metz ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,! religi\s population ( ,g]many to-day is divid$ approximately ?us3 ,prote/ants1 #fc p] c5t2 ,ca?olics1 #cf p] c5t2 ,jews1 #a p] c5t4 ,! reign ( ! pure ,go?ic _s 9 *ur*-build+1 z f> z x ev] advanc$ 9 ,g]many1 0 at an end ) ! w>s ( ! ,hussites & ! ,re=mation ( ,lu!r4 ,dur+ ^! religi\s & political convulsions1 ! ,go?ic _s may be said to h di$1 s f> z ! und]tak+ ( any new or great "w goes4 ,j z we f9d 9 ,g]many a diff]5t spee* & a diff]5t mann] ( liv+ f t ( ei!r ,rome or ,gaul1 we f9d also 9 ,g]many1 or r 9 ! ,rh5i% prov9ces1 a m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ecclesia/ical art f ei!r ( ! types :i* 7 develop+ contemporane\sly 9 ! neighb\r+ c\ntries4 ,! ,rh9e prov$ itself a v]itable bord]l&1 :i* nei!r kept to ! /rict classicism ( ! ,romanesque mann] ( build+1 nor yet adopt$1 )\t "q1 ! newly aris5 ,go?ic ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies4 ,ar*itecture & sculpture 9 its e>lie/ & mo/ approv$ ecclesia/ical =ms und\bt$ly made its way f ,italy to ,france1 ,spa91 ,g]many1 & ,engl&1 along ! natural travel r\tes ov] :i* came ! ,roman invad]s1 conqu]ors1 or civiliz]s--or :atev] we please to ?9k !m4 ,"u ea* & e environm5t x develop$1 z x 71 a new /yle1 ! flat ro(s & l[ ar*es giv+ way = ! mo/ "p to m l(ty & /eep]-angl$ gables & op5+s4 ,?is may h be5 caus$ by climatic influ5ces1 or x may n2 at any rate1 *ur*-build+--& o!r build+ z well--*ang$ z x w5t nor?w>d1 & %>p gables & /eep slop+ l9es became n only frequ5t1 b almo/ univ]sal4 ,! ,comac9e ,ma/]s1 :o 7 ! great *ur*-build]s ( ! e>ly days 9 ,italy1 w5t nor? 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 /ill pursu+ _! mission2 to ,engl& ) ,/4 ,augu/9e1 to ,g]many ) ,boniface1 & ,*>lemagne himself1 z we "k1 br\ght !m to ,aix-la-,*apelle = ! "w at 8 *ur* !re4 ,! di/9ctly ,rh5i% v>iety ( ,romanesque ecclesia/ical ar*itecture came to its greate/ developm5t "u ! ,suabian or ,hoh5/auf5 l9e ( emp]ors1 rea*+ its z5i? dur+ ! reign ( ! great ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa 7#aaeb-ij74 ,! *ur*es at ,neuss1 ,bonn1 ,s9zig1 & ,cobl5z all und]w5t a necess>y recon/ruction 9 ! e>ly ?irte5? c5tury because ( ravages dur+ ! t]rific w>f>e ( ! rival claimants to ! ?rone ( ,b>b>ossa4 ,fr$]ick1 "o claimant1 0 "u ! gu>dian%ip ( ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii41 & ,philip1 8 bro!r1 0 z devot$ly c>$ = by ! rival ,pope1 ,gregory ,,viii4 ,f9ally ,innoc5t compromis$ ! matt] by secur+ ! election ( ,o?o ,,iv41 ( ,brunswick4 ,) t hotb$ ( h]esies1 ,holl&1 ?is book has little to d1 deal+ only ) ?ree c5tres ( religi\s movem5t !re4 ,holl& 0 ! /orm-c5tre = a great /ruggle = religi\s & political fre$om1 & = ?is v reason !re grew up "h no great ,go?ic fabrics ( a rank to rival ^? ( ,france1 ,engl&1 & ,g]many4 ,/ill1 !re 0 a di/9ct & mo/ picturesque elem5t :i* ent]$ into ! *ur*-build+ ( ,holl& 9 ! middle ages1 z "o notes 9 ! rem>kable *ur* ( ,dev5t]4 ,9 ! ma91 h[ev]1 if we except ! ,groote ,k]k at ,rott]dam1 ,/4 ,jansk]k at ,g\da1 ! ar*bi%op's *ur* at ,utre*t1 & ! spl5did edifice at ,dordre*t1 !re is no?+ 9 ,holl& ar*itecturally great4 ,,iv ,,"s ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,rh5i% ,,ar*itecture ,x _c be claim$ t ! *ur*-build+ ( "o nation 0 any m ?or\gh or any m devot$ ?an t ( any o!r4 ,all ! great *ur*-build+ p[]s ( ! middle ages 71 x is to be presum$1 possess$ ( ! s+le idea ( glorify+ ,god by ! build+ ( h\ses 9 8 "n4 ,to ! ris+ g5]ation1 said ! editor ( ! ,ar*itectural ,magaz9e 9 #ahch1 & to x alone d we look =w>d = ! real improvem5t 9 ar*itecture z an art ( design & ta/e4 ,! poetry ( ar*itecture 0 an e>ly & fam\s !me ( ,rusk9's1 & d\btless he 0 s9c]e :5 he wrote ! pap]s t are includ$ "u t g5]al title2 b ! "t 0 n !n ripe = an ar*itectural revolution1 & ! p c\ld n1 or w\ld n1 rev]t to ! ,go?ic or ev5 ! pure ,r5aissance--if !re ev] 0 su* a ?+4 ,we _h1 z a result1 :at is sometimes kn[n z e>ly ,victorian1 & ! plu% & horsehair effects ( contempor>y times4 ,9 g5]al1 ! *ur*es ( ,g]many1 or at lea/ ( ! ,rh9e prov9ces1 are ( a species z di/9ct f ! pure ,go?ic1 ,romanesque1 or ,r5aissance z !y well c be4 ,except = ! fact t ( rec5t ye>s ! art n\veau has invad$ ,g]many1 !re is little m$iocrity ( plan or execution 9 ! ecclesia/ical ar*itecture ( t c\ntry1 al?\gh ( late ye>s all classes ( ar*itectural =ms h tak5 on1 9 mo/ l&s1 ! mo/ unc\? %apes1--*ur* edifices 9 p>ticul>1--!y becom+1 inde$1 any?+ b *ur*ly4 ,! ,r5aissance1 :i* spread f ,italy j aft] ! p]iod :5 ! ,go?ic _h fl[]$ its la/1 came to ! nor? ?r\gh ,g]many r ?an ?r\gh ,france1 & s x 0 b natural t ! ,romanesque mann] ( build+1 :i* _h come long be=e1 _h a mu* firm] foot+1 & = a mu* long] p]iod1 9 ,g]many1 ?an x _h 9 ,france4 ,go?ic came1 9 rudim5t>y =ms at any rate1 z e>ly "h z x did to ,france or ,engl&2 b1 ) true ,g]man t5acity ( purpose1 h] build]s clung to ! r\nd-ar*$ /yle ( op5+s long aft] ! employm5t ( x _h ceas$ to be ! fa%ion else:]e4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! fir/ di/9ctive feature ( ! ecclesia/ical edifices erect$ 9 ,g]many 9 ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies :5 ! new ,go?ic =ms 7 else:]e budd+ into _! utmo/ beauty4 ,"o /rong con/ructive note ev] r+s out1 & t is t1 :ile ! ,go?ic 0 r++ its pure/ s\nd 9 ,france & ev5 9 ,engl&1 at lea/ ?ree =ces 7 play+ _! gamut 9 ,g]many1 produc+ a species q by itself :i* 0 c]ta9ly n ,go?ic any m ?an x 0 ,moori%1 & n ,romanesque any m ?an 0 ! ,angev9 v>iety ( r\nd-ar*$ =ms1 :i* is s mu* admir$ 9 ,france4 ,"o notably pure ,go?ic example1 al?\gh ( ! e>lie/ ,go?ic1 is f\nd 9 ,notre ,dame at ,trves1 ) p]haps ano!r 9 ! abbey ( ,alt5burg ne> ,cologne2 b ^! are ! *ief ones t 9 any way resemble ! consi/5t ,fr5* po9t$ ar*itecture :i* we be/ "k z ,go?ic4 ,! ,rh5i% v>iety ( ,romanesque liv$ "h on ! ,rh9e to a f> lat] p]iod1 notably at ,bonn & ,cobl5z1 ?an x did 9 ei!r ,france or ,engl&4 ,g]man *ur* ar*itecture1 9 g5]al1 is full ( local mann]isms1 b ! "o mo/ consi/5tly m>k$ is ! tacit avoidance ( ! true ogival /yle1 until we come to ! great ca!dral at ,cologne1 :i*1 9 tru?1 s f> z its f9i%$ =m goes1 is q a mod]n affair4 ,9 j\rney+ ?r\gh ,nor!a/]n ,france1 or ?r\gh ,holl& or ,belgium1 "o comes gradually ^u ?is di/9ct feature ( ! ,rh5i% type ( *ur* 9 a mann] :i* %[s a spread ( its influ5ce4 ,all ! ,l[ ,c\ntry *ur*es are m or less ,g]man 9 _! motive2 s1 too1 are _m ( ^? ( ,belgium1 p>ticul>ly ! ca!dral at ,t\rnai & ! two f9e *ur*es at ,lige 7,/e4 ,croix & ! ca!dral71 :i* are frankly ,teutonic2 :ile at ,maa/ri*t 9 ,holl& is almo/ a replica ( a ,rh5i%-,romanesque basilica4 ,at ,aix-la-,*apelle is ! fam\s ,r\nd ,*ur* ( ,*>lemagne1 :i* is some?+ nei!r ,fr5* nor ,g]man4 ,x has receiv$ "s lat] c5tury additions1 b ! octagon is /ill !re1 & x /&s almo/ alone nor? ( ,italy1 :]e its pr$ecessor is f\nd at ,rav5na1 ! ,templ>s' ,*ur* 9 ,london be+ ( q a diff]5t ord]4 ,long ye>s ago ?is ,rav5na prototype1 or p]haps x 0 ?is eigh?-c5tury *ur* ( ,*>lemagne's1 gave rise to num]\s circul> & octagonal edifices erect$ ?r\gh\t ,g]many2 b all h n[ disappe>$ ) ! exception1 x is claim$1 ( "o at ,ottm>%eim1 a fragm5t at ,ess51 & ! rebuilt ,/4 ,gron's at ,cologne4 ,^! r\nd *ur*es--,/4 ,gron's at ,cologne1 ! ,ma?ias ,kapelle at ,kob]n1 &1 above all1 ,*>lemagne's ,mn/] at ,aix-la-,*apelle1 & o!rs else:]e1 notably 9 ,italy--are d\btless a survival ( a pagan influ5ce2 c]ta9ly ! /yle ( build+ 0 a fav\rite ) ! ,romans1 & 0 common ev5 among ! ,greeks1 :]e ! little circul> pagan temples 7 always a mo/ fasc9at+ "p ( ! g5]al ensemble4 ,x w\ld h>dly be appropriate 9 a book su* z ?is to attempt to trace ! orig9 ( ,go?ic1 z we h come to "k t twelf? & ?irte5? c5tury v>iety ( po9t$ ar*itecture1 :i*1 if any?+1 is ,fr5* po9t$4 ,x has be5 plausibly claim$ t1 aft] its introduction into ,france & ,engl&1 x develop$ into ! full-bl[n /yle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 :i* s soon fell be=e ! ,r5aissance 9 ! c5tury foll[+4 ,9 ,g]many ! process1 ) diff]5ces ) reg>d to its *ronology1 0 mu* ! same4 ,x has be5 ! fa%ion among writ]s ( all weights ( op9ion to break into an app>5tly irresi/ible en?usiasm ) reg>d to ,go?ic ar*itecture 9 g5]al1 & ?is1 s f> z x goes1 is excusable4 ,mo/ ( u w agree t ! folk ( ! middle ages _h fall5 9 love ) *ur*-build+1 & lov$ t _! goldsmi?'s "w1 & ivories1 _! seals1 & ev5 ! pi]c$ patt]ns ( _! %oes %\ld be l little build+s1 little tab]nacles1 little ',paul's w9d[s4' ,"s ( _! tombs & %r9es mu/ h be5 conceiv$ z little fairy build+s2 & d\btless !y w\ld h lik$ little angels to hop ab\t !m all alive & bl[ fairy trumpets4 ,9 ! build+ ( ! great ca!drals x mu/ c]ta9ly be all[$ t !re is an elem5t t we d n und]/&4 ,^? :o fa%ion$ !m work$ wond] into !m2 !y _h ! ability :i* *ildr5 h to call up en*antm5t4 ,9 ^! high vaults1 & gli/5+ w9d[s1 & pe]+ figures1 !re 0 magic ev5 to _! mak]s4 ,go?ic art mu/ ev]1 9 a c]ta9 degree1 be a my/]y to u1 because we _c entirely put ourselves 9 ! place ( ! m5 ( ^? times4 ,we _c by tak+ ?\ght be ,egyptian or ,japanese1 nor c we aga9 be ,romanesque or ,go?ic1 nor inde$ c we expla9 entirely ! motif ( ,burmese ar*itecture1 :i*1 appe>+ z a bl5d ( ,*9ese & ,indian1 /&s out z ! exotic ( ! ,ea/]n1 z does ! ,go?ic ( ! ,we/]n1 _w4 ,only 9 ^! latt] two species ( ar*itectural art does /one-c>v+ /& out ) t supreme excell5ce :i* does n admit ( rivalry1 ?\gh "o be pagan & ! o!r ,*ri/ian4 ,g]many1 above all o!r nations ( ! middle ages 9 ,europe1 excell$ 9 ! craftsman%ip :i* fa%ion$ w>m1 live emotions out ( cold gray /one1 & to-day su* examples ( ?is z ! ov]p[]+ & spl5did ca!drals at ,cologne1 ,ratisbon1 ,/rasburg1 & ,mn/] rank among ! greate/ & mo/ fam\s 9 all ! _w1 9 spite ( ! fact t _! con/ructive elem5ts 7 rem9isc5t ( o!r l&s4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ,fr5* & ,g]man build+ _c bett] be describ$ ?an by quot+ ! foll[+1 ! fir/ by ,james ,russell ,l[ell on ,notre ,dame de ,*>tres1 & ! second by ,longfell[ on ! ca!dral at ,/rasburg3 ,,*>tres ,graceful1 grotesque1 ) e new surprise ( haz>d\s caprices sure to please1 heavy z nightm>e1 airy1 light z fun1 imag9ation's v self 9 /one4 ,,/rasburg 444,a great ma/] ( 8 craft1 ,erv9 von ,/e9ba*2 b n he alone1 ,= _m g5]ations lab\r$ ) him1 ,*ildr5 t came to see ^! sa9ts 9 /one1 ,z day by day out ( ! blocks !y rose1 ,grew old & di$1 & /ill ! "w w5t on1 ,& on & on & is n yet complet$4 ,! fir/ is typical ( ! +5uity & g5ius ( ! ,fr5*1 ! second ( ! pa9/ak+ lab\r ( ! ,teuton2 :at m 7 ne$$ to def9e ! two8 ,9 ,g]many & ?r\gh\t all ! t]ritory "u ! spell ( ,g]manic influ5ce ! gr[? ( ,go?ic 0 n s readily accompli%$ z 9 ,france1 says ,gonse4 ,at be/ su* ,go?ic z is to be se5 at ,ba*>a*1 ,bonn1 ,worms1 etc41 is b a v>iety1 s f> z ! vault+ goes1 ( sup]impos$ details on a m or less tru?ful ,romanesque framework4 ,at ,may5ce1 ,ro]mond1 & ,s9zig1 too1 x is ! domical vault :i* /ill qualifies ! o!r ,go?ic ess5tials1 & s depreciates ! value ( ! ,go?ic ( ! ,rh9e valley :5 comp>$ ) t ( ! ,royal ,doma9 ( ,france4 ,! range ( m$ival art & ar*itecture has be5 said to run betwe5 ! f\r? c5tury & ! f\rte5?1 or f ! peace ( ! ,*ur* to ! com+ ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,?is is p]haps def9ite en\gh1 b ! scope is too wide to limit any special =m ( art expression1 s t "o may judge x comp>atively ) t :i* _h gone be=e or 0 to come aft]4 ,mo/ly1 m$ival art gr\ps itself ar\nd ! two di/9ct /yles ( ,byzant9e & ,go?ic1 & !y are be/ divid$1 "o f ! o!r1 by ! two c5turies ly+ betwe5 ! t5? & ! twelf?4 ,9 tru?1 ! ar*itecture ( ,g]many1 up to ! end ( ! t5? c5tury1 0 z mu* ,byzant9e z x 0 ,romanesque1 & ! pr9ces & prelates alike drew ! inspiration = _! works f import$ ,italians & ,greeks1 a proc$ure :i* gave ! unusual bl5d t develop$ ! di/9ct ,rh5i% ar*itecture4 ,! ,popes !mselves gave a v mat]ial aid :5 !y s5t or all[$ colonies ( s\!rn craftsm5 to und]take ! "w on ^! great religi\s edifices ( ! ,rh9e valley4 ,! gr&] plan ( ! ca!drals at ,spey]1 ,worms1 ,may5ce1 ,basel1 & ev5 ,trves are all due some:at to ?is influ5ce1 & = t reason !y reta9 ev5 to-day evid5ces ( ^! =eign & ev5 ,ea/]n me?ods1 ?\gh = ! mo/ "p x is 9 ! crypt & subt]ranean f\ndations only t ?is is f\nd4 ,c>lov+ian ar*itecture 0 p]haps m indig5\s to ,g]many ?an to any o!r "p ( ! va/ ,empire4 ,?is extraord9>y man1 z ! hi/orians speak ( ,*>lemagne1 did mu* t[>d develop+ ! arts4 ,9 ! s\!a/1 ! ,grecian ,empire 0 already become decrepit 9 its influ5ces1 & a new build+ _s 0 b\nd to h sprung up else:]e4 ,if ,*>lemagne1 says ,gibbon1 _h fix$ ! seat ( 8 empire 9 ,italy1 8 g5ius w\ld h aspir$ to re/ore1 r ?an violate ! works ( ! ,cs>s4 ,he conf9$ 8 pr$ilections to ! virg9 =e/s ( ,g]many1 h[ev]1 & he despoil$ ,lomb>dy to enri* 8 nor!rn possessions2 z witness ! columns :i* he br\ght f ,rav5na & ,rome :]e) to decorate 8 palace & *ur* at ,aix-la-,*apelle4 ,no c\ntry has pres]v$ f9] or m num]\s examples ( ,romanesque ar*itecture ?an ,g]many4 ,! ,rh9e 0 s p[]fully "u ,roman sway t x adopt$ z a matt] ( c\rse & )\t "q q all ( ! t5ets & pr9ciples ( ! ,romanesque2 n only ) respect to ecclesia/ical /ructures1 b z reg>ds civil & milit>y works z well4 ,on ! ,rh9e1 z 9 ,lorra9e1 ,lyonnaise1 & ,c5tral ,france1 ! ,romanesque endur$ ) little deviation f ,lat9 traditions till q ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,lat]1 9 ! ,go?ic p]iod1 ,g]many return$ ! complim5t & s5t ,zamodia ( ,freiburg & ,ulric ( ,ulm to l5d _! aid 9 ! con/ruction ( ! gr& fabric at ,milan2 & ,john & ,simon ( ,cologne to ,spa9 to erect t a/oni%+ly biz>re ca!dral at ,burgos4 ,beg9n+ ) ! revival ( ! arts 9 ,italy1 ! ,r5aissance ,g]man ar*itects1 9 o!r c\ntries ?an ,g]many1 7 app>5tly few 9 numb] & n ( _! =m] rank4 ,n alone did ,italy aid ,g]many 9 ! erection ( ecclesia/ical monum5ts1 b ,france z well1 ) ! ,norman v>iation ( ! ,romanesque & ! lat] develop$ ,go?ic1 s5t _m monki% craftsm5 to l5d _! aid & skill4 ,_! "w1 h[ev]1 0 r ! putt+ on ( f9i%+ t\*es ?an ( plann+ ! g5]al outl9es4 ,g]man ar*itecture on ! ,rh9e !n 0 b a developm5t & v>iation ( ali5 importations1 :i* came 9 "t1 to be sure1 to be recogniz$ z a special type1 b :i* 9 reality resembl$ ! ,lomb>dic & ! ,romanesque 9 its r\nd-ar*$ =ms1 & ! ,go?ic ( ,france 9 its ogival details4 ,g]man ar*itecture 9 "t1 ?\gh n s mu* ) respect to *ur*es1 ev5 w5t s f> z to imitate ! rococo & biz>re ornam5tation fa!r$ & nam$ by ! ,l\is ( ,france4 ,g]many 0 a /rang] to ! complete developm5t ( ,go?ic ar*itecture long aft] x _h rea*$ its maturity else:]e2 s1 too1 x 0 q well into ! fifte5? c5tury be=e ! slighte/ *ange 0 made t[>d ! int]polation ( ,r5aissance details1 & ev5 !n x 0 ,r5aissance art1 m ?an x 0 ,r5aissance ar*itecture1 :i* 0 mak+ itself felt4 ,! ,r5aissance came to ,g]many ?r\gh ! natural gateway ( ! nor? ( ,italy2 al?\gh x spread p]haps to "s ext5t f ,france into ! ,rh9e di/rict4 ,9 tru?1 ,g]man ,r5aissance has ev] be5 heavy & ugly1 ?\gh und5iably impos+4 ,9 bo? ! ecclesia/ical & ! secul> v>ieties x lack$ ! lightness & grace :i* 9 ,france1 s f> z dome/ic ar*itecture w5t1 soon develop$ into a ?+ ( surpris+ beauty4 ,:at ! ,r5aissance really accompli%$ 9 ,g]many t[>d develop+ a new or national /yle is 9 grave d\bt1 beyond hav+ left a legacy ( biz>re gr\p+s & grotesque & sup]abundant ornam5t4 ,9 ,france ! case 0 diff]5t1 &1 :ile 9 ecclesia/ical edifices ! result 0 poor & banal en\gh1 !re grew up ! great & glori\s /yle ( ! ,fr5* ,r5aissance1 :i*1 = civic & private build+s ( magnitude1 has nev] be5 excell$ by ! mod]n ar*itecture ( any l&4 ,9 ,g]many prop]1 z well z 9 ,switz]l&1 "o f9ds h\se-fronts & walls cov]$ ) pa9t+s1 :i* is c]ta9ly "o phase ( ,r5aissance art4 ,b ! bru% alone c\ld n popul>ize ! new /yle1 & 9 religi\s edifices1 at lea/1 ! ,r5aissance1 z contra/$ ) ! e>li] ,romanesque1 nev] atta9$ t popul>ity along ! ,rh9e t x did 9 ,france or ,engl&1 or ev5 9 ,belgium4 ,civic ar*itecture took on ! new /yle ) a c]ta9 fre$om1 b religi\s ar*itecture almo/ n at all4 ,possibly ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w> 7#afah-dh7 _h some:at to d ) /unt+ its gr[?2 c]ta9ly no *ur*-build+ 0 und]tak5 9 ^? ye>s1 & !y 7 ! v ones 9 :i*1 else:]e1 ! ,r5aissance 0 mak+ its greate/ headway4 ,ano!r v app>5t reason is t1 z ! major "p ( ! population became ,prote/ant1 ! ne$ ( a beautiful *ur* edifice itself1 z a /imulus to ! fai?1 _h gr[n less & less4 ,!re 0 a /eady gr[?1 p]haps "o may z well say a great developm5t1 9 civil ar*itecture ?r\gh\t ,g]many at ?is "t1 b1 to all int5ts & purposes1 f ! e>ly sev5te5? c5tury onw>d1 ! f\nd+ & erect+ ( great *ur*es 0 at an end4 ,if "o w\ld /udy ! ,r5aissance 9 ,g]many he mu/ obs]ve ! t[n halls ( su* cities z ,cologne1 ,pad]born1 or ,nuremb]g1 or ! great *teaux or ca/les1 su* z are be/ repres5t$ by ru9$ ,heidelb]g4 ,( religi\s ar*itecture ,r5aissance examples are practically lack+2 ! mo/ conv9c+ details along ! ,rh9e be+ se5 9 ! we/]n t[] ( ! ca!dral at ,may5ce4 ,at ,hilde%eim1 at ,nuremb]g1 & at ,prague !re are some?+ m ?an m]e evid5ces ( ! /yle1 & ?r\gh\t ,g]many1 z else:]e1 !re are _m sixte5? & sev5te5? c5tury accessories1 su* z alt>s1 baldaqu9s1 tombs1 & ev5 entire *apels1 :i* are no?+ b ,r5aissance 9 motive & execution4 ,b !re are no great ,r5aissance gr\nd-plans1 faades1 or clo*]s1 :i* are 9 any way repres5tative ( ! /yle :i* crept 9 to r+ ! dea?-knell ( ,go?ic 9 ,france & ,engl&4 ,p]haps x is = ?is reason alone t ! great ,go?ic ca!dral at ,cologne 0 complet$ at a late day ) no base ,r5aissance int]polation 9 its fabric4 ,v ,,! ,,accessories ,,( ,,g]man ,,*ur*es ,up to ! t5? c5tury ! ,g]man basilicas 7 b copies ( ! ,roman v>iety4 ,ev5 ! great ca!dral at ,trves1 ) its gr\nd-plan a great squ>e ( =ty metres 9 ext5t1 0 b a gross imitation ( ! ,romanesque =m ( ! six? c5tury4 ,lat]1 9 ! eigh? c5tury1 came ! modifi$ ,byzant9e =m :i* "o sees at ,aix-la-,*apelle4 ,) ! elev5? c5tury appe>$ ! d\ble-aps$ basilicas1 b1 f ?is "t on1 ,g]man ecclesia/ical art divorc$ itself f ,lat9 traditions1 & f ! simple p>allelogram-l basilica develop$ ! *oir & transepts :i* 7 to rema9 = ev]4 ,! crypt is a di/9ct & prom95t feature ( _m ,g]man *ur*es4 ,on ! ,rh9e curi\s & mo/ int]e/+ examples are v frequ5t1 ^? at ,bonn1 ,ess51 ,mn*5-,gladba*1 ,spey]1 ,cologne 7,/4 ,gron's71 ,bopp>t1 & ,neuss be+ ! *ief4 ,all ( ^! are s con/ruct$ t ! level ( ! pavem5t is brok5 betwe5 ! nave & *oir1 produc+ a s+ul>ly impressive int]ior effect4 ,spey] has ! longe/1 & p]haps ! l>ge/1 crypt 9 all ,g]many4 ,:]e ! edifice has rema9$ an adh]5t ( ,ca?olicism1 ! crypt (t5 p]=ms ! function ( a place ( wor%ip indep5d5t ( ! ma9 *ur*1 x be+ fitt$ up ) "o or m alt>s & frequ5tly o!r accessories4 ,z ! crypt1 in/ead ( be+ only an occasional attribute1 became g5]al1 squ>$1 or ev5 m rude1 capitals replac$ ! antique & classical =ms :i* ,*ri/ian ,italy h]self _h adopt$ f pagan ,greece4 ,^! squ>$ or cubic capitals are p>ticul>ly noticeable at ,neuss1 at ,mn*5-,gladba*1 9 ,/4 ,james at ,cologne1 & 9 ! old abbey ( ,laa*4 ,t[]s came to be add$ to ! we/ fronts1 b ! naves (t5 rema9$ ro($ ) visible woodwork1 ?\gh1 by ! end ( ! c5tury1 ! /one-vault$ nave _h appe>$ 9 ! ,rh9e di/rict1 & ! pill>s ( pagan bir? _h giv5 way to ! columns & colonnettes ( ,lat9 gr[?4 ,:at is kn[n z ! ,g]man mann] ( *ur*-build+ _h m ?an "o di/+ui%+ feature1 ?\gh none m prom95t ?an t ( ! columns ( ! nave & aisles4 ,! naves 7 9 g5]al twice ! wid? ( _! aisles1 & ! bays ( ! nave 7 made twice ! wid? ( ^? ( ! aisles4 ,h5ce x foll[$ t e pi] or column c>ri$ a %aft to ! gro9 ( ! aisle vault1 & e alt]nate "o a %aft to ! nave vault2 & s grew ! mo/ di/9ct ( all ,g]man features ( ,romanesque *ur*-build+1 alt]nate light & heavy pi]s 9 ! nave4 ,x is on ! ,rh9e1 too1 t "o comes ^u occasional examples ( rococo ar*itectural decoration1 a species :i* s\nds z ?\gh x might orig9ally h be5 ,italian1 b :i* 0 orig9ally ,fr5*4 ,at its be/ x is seldom se5 on ! ext]ior1 b on inside walls & porticoes1 notably at ,bru*sal on ! ,rh9e1 "o sees a frankly !atrical arrangem5t ( ornate details4 ,by ! twelf? c5tury ! p>ticul> v>iety ( ,romanesque ar*itecture :i* _h develop$1 & /ill endures1 9 ! ,rh9e valley _h arriv$ at its maturity4 ,! ?irte5? c5tury saw ! int]polation & admixture ( ,go?ic1 :i* else:]e1 9 ,france 9 p>ticul>1 0 mak+ su* great /rides4 ,t[]s multipli$ & became light] & m graceful1 & great ,go?ic ar*$ w9d[s gave place to r\nd-head$ ones1 ?\gh sc>cely ev] to ! entire exclusion ( ! latt] v>iety4 ,! species ( cross-br$ /yle :i* =ms ! l9k betwe5 ! ,romanesque & ,go?ic ab\nds along ! ,rh9e1 & examples are frequ5tly enc\nt]$4 ,! semicircul> apsides1 ) a decorative b& b5ea? ! cornices ( ! ext]ior gall]ies1 are also a di/9ctly ,rh5i% detail4 ,!y are to be se5 9 ,/4 ,pet]'s at ,ba*>a*1 at ,/4 ,ca/or's at ,cobl5z1 ,/4 ,m>t9's at ,cologne1 ! ca!dral at ,bonn1 9 ,/4 ,quir9us at ,neuss1 & aga9 at ,limburg4 ,! ,rh5i% bell-t[]s are a v>iety di/9ct f ! t[]s & spires usually met )1 & (t5 t]m9ate sudd5ly1 z if !y 7 unf9i%$4 ,f9ally1 !re are a numb] ( *ur*es 9 ?is region :i* (f] ! s+ul>1 ?\gh n unique1 disposition ( a *evet %[+ a triple apsis4 ,notable examples ( ?is /yle are ,/4 ,m>ia 9 ,capitola1 ,/4 ,&rew & ,/4 ,m>t9 at ,cologne1 & ,/4 ,quir9us at ,neuss4 ,! *ur*es ( ! ,rh9e valley are abundantly suppli$ ) /eeples1 (t5 9 gr\ps f> 9 excess ( symmetry or s5se1 z = in/ance ! outr gr\p at ,may5ce1 :i* is really q indescribable4 ,! ,apo/les' ,*ur* at ,cologne1 ! ca!drals at ,may5ce1 ,spey]1 & ,worms1 & ! abbey *ur* ( ,laa* all h wond]fully brok5 sky-l9es2 :ile ^? ) great c5tral t[]s1 su* z at ,neuss1 or ! p>i% *ur* ( ,s9zig1 =m ano!r class2 & ! slim-spir$ *ur*es at ,&]na* & ,cobl5z yet ano!r4 ,/4 ,m>t9's at ,cologne is ano!r s+le-spir$ *ur*1 b x rises f its ?ree apses 9 q a diff]5t mann] f t ( ,/4 ,quir9us at ,neuss1 & mu/ be consid]$ 9 a class by itself4 ,! m9/] at ,bonn1 ?\gh hav+ ?ree /eeples1 is n ov]spir$1 l t ( ,may5ce1--inde$1 x is p]haps "o ( ! mo/ picturesque1 if some:at !atrical1 ( all ! spir$ *ur*es ( ! ,rh9e1 except+ always ,limburg4 ,! op5work spire ( ,freiburg is unequall$ 9 grace by ev5 t ( ,/rasburg1 :atev] may be ! actual value ( its con/ructive details4 ,illu/ration3 ,,worms ,,ca!dral ,a m>k$ type ( ,g]man *ur* ar*itecture is t species ( build+ kn[n z ! ,hall5kir*e4 ,! v>iety is f\nd else:]e1 ev5 9 ,france1 b /ill x is di/9ctively ,g]man 9 its inception4 ,usually !y are ( ! triple-nav$ v>iety1 i4 e41 a nave ) its flank+ aisles1 ) ! aisles ne>ly always ( ! same height z ! pr9cipal nave4 ,!re are two great *ur*es ( ?is ord]--?\gh lack+ aisles--9 ,france1 ! ca!drals at ,rodez & ,albi 9 ! s\?4 ,mo/ly ^! great hall$ *ur*es exi/ 9 ,we/phalia1 :]e !re is a f9e example 9 ! ca!dral at ,pad]born1 & aga9 !re is ,/4 ,ludg] at ,mn/]1 & _m o!rs4 ,9 "o =m or ano!r ! type is frequ5tly met ) ?r\gh\t ,g]many1 & is !re=e to be consid]$ z a di/9ct ,g]man ar*itectural expression4 ,9 summ+ up1 !n1 "o may well conclude t ,g]man *ur* ar*itecture1 9 its g5]al plan & outl9e1 is n ( ! amaz+ beauty ( ! ,fr5*1 & is 9 a way lack+ 9 mass effect4 ,) respect to details & accessories1 h[ev]1 ! ,g]man *ur*es are grac$ ) mu* t "o w\ld gladly f9d ev]y:]e z an expression ( ! arti/ic embelli%m5t ( a great religi\s edifice4 ,9 spite ( ! au/]ity ( _m ( ^! ,g]man *ur*es 9 ! fabric itself1 !re is frequ5tly an ab\nd+ weal? ( accessory detail 9 fitm5ts & furni%+s4 ,9 ,france ! ,revolution made away ) mu* decorative embelli%m5t & furniture ( all sorts4 ,! ,re=mation 9 ,g]many play$ no su* "p1 & s !re is left mu* really arti/ic detail :i* contributes a luxuriance t is want+ 9 con/ructive details4 ,! univ]sally elaborate c>v5 pulpits & *oir-/alls are wond]s ( _! k9d4 ,x is true !y are usually ( wood in/ead ( /one1 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! ,g]mans 7 ev] great wood-work]s4 ,! pulpits ( ,freiburg & ,/rasburg are ?or\ghly repres5tative ( ! be/ "w ( ?is k9d4 ,!y may be said1 moreov]1 to be ( ! ,go?ic species only1 :]eas simil> works else:]e are mo/ frequ5tly ( ! ,r5aissance p]iod4 ,9 no o!r ,european c\ntry are ! alt>s s ri* 9 detail1 ! sacri/ies s full to ov]fl[+ ) jewell$ & preci\s metal cups1 vases1 & *alices1 or ! crucifixes1 tripty*s1 & c&le/icks s sumptu\s4 ,9 ! ca!dral at ,aix-la-,*apelle ! congregation seats itself ^u *airs2 b mo/ frequ5tly 9 ,g]many "o f9ds /urdy1 ?\gh movable1 oak5 b5*es4 ,( ! c>v$ *oir-/alls1 ^? at ,/4 ,gron's at ,cologne are ! mo/ ne>ly p]fect ( _! k9d on ! ,rh9e2 ^? at ,may5ce1 :ile elaborately produc$1 be+ ( a classic ord] :i* is manife/ly pagan & out ( keep+ 9 a ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,g]man *ur*es 9 g5]al made mu* ( ! cloi/]1 ?\gh n all ( ! examples t =m]ly exi/$ h come d[n to u undi/urb$ or ev5 9 fragm5t>y condition4 ,b1 9 spite ( ! ,prote/ant succession to _m ( ! noble m9/]s1 _m ( ^! cloi/]s h endur$ 9 a fair /ate ( pres]vation4 ,atta*$ to ! we/]n end ( ,/4 ,m>ia 9 ,capitola at ,cologne is an admirable example1 :ile ! ,romanesque types at ,bonn1 at ! abbey ( ,laa*1 & at ,ess5 are truly beautiful4 ,examples ( ! lat] pure ,go?ic con/ruction are ^? at ,aix-la-,*apelle & ,trves4 ,illu/ration3 ,*&eli]1 ,aix-la-,*apelle ,b little ext]ior sculpture has be5 pres]v$ 9 all its orig9ality 9 ! ,rh5i% prov9ces1 revolution>y fury & its aft]ma? hav+ acc\nt$ = its disappe>ance or mutilation4 ,9 ! ,ci/]cian *ur* at ! abbey ( ,alt5burg1 !re is a pl5tiful display ( foliag$ ornam5t1 & !re are ! noble /atues 9 ! *oir ( ! ca!dral at ,cologne4 ,may5ce has a s]ies ( monum5ts to ! bi%op-nobles atta*$ to ! pi]s ( ! nave1 & 9 ! ,liebfrau ,kir*e at ,trves & ! ca!dral at ,/rasburg are se5 ! be/ & mo/ num]\s features ( ?is nature4 ,"o ( ! mo/ unusual ( m$ival *ur* furni%+s1 a sort ( *&eli]1 is se5 bo? at ,aix-la-,*apelle & ,hilde%eim4 ,9 ea* in/ance x is a va/ hoop-l p5dant :i* be>s ! def9ition ( coron lucis4 ,o!rs are f\nd else:]e 9 ,g]many1 b n ( ! great size ( ^! two4 ,organ-cases "h z else:]e are mo/ly abom9ations4 ,! mak]s ( sweet music evid5tly ?\ght t any heavy b>oque comb9ation ( wood-c>v+ & lead5 pipes 0 good en\gh s long z ! fl[ ( melody 0 un9t]rupt$4 ,! /a9$ glass ?r\gh\t ! ,rh9e valley is mo/ly good & unusually abundant1 & ! fre$om ( ?is accessory f fanatical desecration is mo/ app>5t4 ,! same is true ( su* pa9t+s z are f\nd hung 9 ! *ur*es1 ?\gh seldom h !y great names atta*$ to !m2 at lea/1 n s great z w\ld m>k !m = di/9ction 7 !y hung 9 any ( ! lead+ picture gall]ies ( ,europe4 ,at ,ess5 ! bapti/]y is sep>at$ f ! ma9 *ur*1 l t at ,rav5na1 or at ,aix-en-,prov5ce1 ! two =emo/ examples ( _! k9d4 ,a little to ! we/w>d ( ?is m9/]1 & jo9$ to x by a ,romanesque ligature1 is a ?ree-bay$ ,go?ic *ur* :i* occupies ! site1 or 0 built up f a =m] *apel d$icat$ to ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,font ,,limburg ,soon] or lat] ! cu/om became preval5t ( erect+ a baptismal font )9 ! prec9cts ( ! ma9 *ur* itself1 ?us do+ away ) a /ructure especially devot$ to ! purpose4 ,?is *ange came 9 ! n9? c5tury1 h5ce no sep>ate bapti/]ies are f\nd dat+ f a lat] epo* only1 except z an av[$ copy ( ! e>li] cu/om4 ,at ?is "t1 too1 imm]sion _h giv5 way to spr9kl+ m]ely1 ?\gh 9 _m cases ! ,g]man "n /ill appli$ is t ( tauf/e91 mean+ dipp+-/one4 ,late examples ( fonts 7 frequ5tly 9 metal1 ! mo/ rem>kable 9 ! ,rh9e valley be+ 9 ,/4 ,re9hold's at ,dortmund1 9 ,/4 ,m>ia 9 ,capitola1 & ,/4 ,pet]'s at ,cologne1 & 9 ,/4 ,m>y's & ,/4 ,james's at ,may5ce4 ,"o ( ! mo/ elaborate1 & c]ta9ly ! mo/ beautiful & rem>kable ( all1 is ! /one font ( ! ca!dral at ,limburg4 ,,vi ,,con/ance ,,& ,,s*affhaus5 ,con/ance ,!re is a s5tim5tal int]e/ atta*$ to ,con/ance & ! lake :i* lies at its door1 :i* has come d[n to u ?r\gh ! pictures ( ! pa9t]s & ! v]ses ( ! poets4 ,aside f ?is1 hi/ory has play$ its great "p s vividly t "o c\ld n =get x if he w\ld4 ,! city 0 f\nd$ ab\t #big ,a4,d4 ,9 aft] ye>s x fell be=e ! w>like ,huns1 & all b disappe>$1 until x became ! seat ( a bi%op 9 ! six? c5tury1 ! jurisdiction ( ! bi%opric ext5d+ = a doz5 leagues 9 all directions4 ,9 ! t5? c5tury x became a ville impriale1 & by ! fifte5? x _h a population ( m ?an =ty ?\s& s\ls1 & ! bi%opric c\nt$ eight hundr$ ?\s& adh]5ts4 ,to-day ! city prop] has decreas$ 9 numb]s to a population :i* hov]s closely ab\t ! five ?\s& m>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,con/ance ,ca!dral ,! emp]ors convok$ _m ,diets at ,con/ance1 & 9 #aahc ! peace 0 sign$ "h betwe5 ! ,emp]or ,b>b>ossa & ! ,lomb>d t[ns4 ,! ca!dral1 or mn/]1 ( ,con/ance is d$icat$ to ,our ,lady1 & is = ! mo/ "p a highly satisfy+ example ( a ,r5aissance *ur*1 ?\gh "h & !re may be notic$ ! ,go?ic1 :i* 0 erect$ on ! elev5?-c5tury f\ndations4 ,! faade has be5 re/or$ 9 rec5t ye>s1 & is flank$ by two pseudo-,romanesque t[]s or campaniles 9 ! wor/ ( ta/e4 ,! int]ior is divid$ into ?ree naves by columns be>+ r\nd$ ar*es4 ,above1 9 ! gr& nave1 are a s]ies ( r\nd-head$ w9d[s1 :ile ^? 9 ! aisles are ogival4 ,! *oir conta9s a s]ies ( ,go?ic /alls 9 /one1 :i*1 unless x has v rec5tly be5 scrap$ (f1 are cov]$ ) ! ord9>y *eap :itewa%4 ,! pa9t$ vault+ is atroci\s1 &1 :ile its hide\s col\r+ la/s1 x matt]s little :e!r x is ( ! ,romanesque b>rel /yle or ogival4 ,! n]vures are !re1 s x mu/ belong to ! latt] v>iety1 b x is all s ?ickly cov]$ ) :at looks l enamel pa9t & gaudy r$ & blue l9+ t x is pa9ful to contemplate4 ,!re is a f9e /atue ( ,john ,huss support+ ! pulpit4 ,x is an adequate monum5t to "o :o made hi/ory s vivid t x reads almo/ l leg5d4 ,9 ! pavem5t is a plaque ( copp] :i* indicates ! spot :]e ,huss /ood :5 8 s5t5ce 0 read out to him4 ,accord+ to tradition--"s h said t x 0 ! ecclesia/ical law--,huss 0 hurl$ f ! *ur* by a c\p de pi$4 ,! organ-case1 ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 :i* backs up ! inside wall ( ! faade1 is "o ( ! mo/ gorge\s ( its k9d extant1 al?\gh !re is no v high art expression to be discov]$ 9 ! ov]p[]+ mass ( mahogany & lead pipes :i*1 ) inadequate supports1 hangs p]il\sly ^u a wall4 ,?is p>ticul> organ-case is ri*ly sculptur$ ) foliage & figures ( m51 demons1 & :at n4 ,if x is symbolic1 x is h>d to trace ! connection betwe5 any religi\s motive & ! actual appe>ance ( ?is unga9ly mass ( c>v$ wood4 ,!re is 9 ! ca!dral an elaborate allegorical pa9t+ by ,*ri/oph] ,/or]1 a native ( ,con/ance1 & execut$ 9 #afei by ! ord] ( ,canon ,sigismund ,mll]1 :o di$ 9 #afhf1 & ^: tomb is plac$ ne> by4 ,an imm5se retable is plac$ at ! head ( ! nave4 ,x is ( f9e m>ble1 &1 ?\gh a sev5te5?-c5tury copy ( ,r5aissance1 is f> m beautiful ?an su* ornam5ts usually are outside ( ,italy4 ,at ! head ( ! left aisle is a *apel :i* also has an elaborate m>ble retable ( ! same p]iod4 ,at ! summit is a crucifix1 & bel[ 9 ni*es are /atues ( ,/4 ,?omas1 ( ,con/ant9e1 & ( 8 "m1 ,/e4 ,hlne4 ,9 ! same *apel is a ,*ri/ 9 ! tomb1 9 m>ble1 surr\nd$ by ! twelve apo/les4 ,f ! same aisle asc5ds a *>m+ ogival /aircase ornam5t$ ) /atues & bas-reliefs4 ,sep>at+ ! *apels f ! aisles are two magnific5t iron grilles4 ,9 a ,go?ic *apel ne> ! entrance is a f9e cul de lampe sculptur$ to repres5t ! hi/ory ( ,adam & ,eve4 ,a cloi/] exi/s1 9 "p to-day z x did ( yore1 to ! nor!a/ ( ! ca!dral4 ,x is a highly beautiful example ( fifte5?-c5tury "w1 ) its arcades v>y+ f ! firm & dignifi$ e>ly ,go?ic to ! m flamboyant /yle ( lat] ye>s4 ,! *ur* ( ,/4 ,/eph5 is ano!r ecclesia/ical treasure ( ,con/ance ) a rank high among religi\s %r9es4 ,/4 ,/eph5's occupies ! site =m]ly giv5 to a *apel d$icat$ to ,/4 ,ni*olas1 :ile n f> away !re 01 9 o!r times1 ano!r kn[n "u ! "n ( ,m>ia ,unt] d] ,l9d54 ,! ,bi%op ,salomon ,,iii41 :o occupi$ ! see f #hia to #iai1 enl>g$ ! fir/ *apel1 :i* 0 fur!r embelli%$ 9 #ice by ! ,bi%op ,conrad ( ,altdorf1 :o add$ a *oir !reto4 ,?is 9 "t came to be kn[n z ,/4 ,/eph5's4 ,x 0 entirely r5ovat$ 9 #ajdg-ea by ! ,bi%op ,!odoric1 :o 0 int]r$ !re9 ^u 8 dea?4 ,! *ur* s]v$ z ! meet+-place ( ! fam\s ,roman tribunal kn[n z ! ,sacra ,rota ,romana4 ,"u ! ,bi%op ,otto ,,iii41 :o 0 ,m>grave ( ,ho*b]g1 x 0 entirely recon/ruct$ 9 #adbh1 & to-day x is ?is fifte5?-c5tury build+ t "o sees4 ,previ\sly1 if ! records tell truly1 ! great w9d[s ( ! cl]e/ory conta9$ col\r$ glass ( mu* beauty1 b ! rema9s ( to-day are s fragm5t>y z to only sugge/ ?is4 ,f #aebb to #aedh ,/4 ,/eph5's 0 consecrat$ to ! foll[]s ( ,lu!r1 ! fir/ incumb5t "u ?is belief be+ ! fam\s ,jacob ,w9dn] ( ,reutl+54 ,! ext]ior ( ,/4 ,/eph5's is n 9 any way rem>kable4 ,! bell-t[]1 :i* is v high1 is a great squ>e t[] to ! left ( ! *oir1 surm\nt$ by a /eeple =m]ly cov]$ ) wood5 %+les1 b 9 rec5t times copp]$4 ,! clock 9 ?is t[] 0 ! gift ( ,bi%op ,otto ,,iii4 ,!re is also a f9e *ime ( bells1 :i* w rem9d "o ( ! *ur*es ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries :5 he he>s its limpid notes r+ out ^u ! /ill air4 ,! int]ior has be5 newly :it5$ ) t peculi> local br& ( :itewa%1 & :ile bright & *e]ful to contemplate1 is also v b>e1 caus$ p]haps by ! va/ size ( ! nave & *oir4 ,! aisles are sep>at$ f ! nave by ogival ar*es1 ris+ f a s]ies ( octagonal pill>s1 ^u :i* are hung /atues ( ! twelve apo/les4 ,! wood5 ro( ( ! nave & its aisles is curi\s & dates f #afjj1 b x is mo/ly hidd5 by a pla/] cov]+ :i* 0 add$ 9 ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! gild$ & highly decorat$ organ & its case dates f #aehc4 ,9 #ahai & #ahci x 0 re/or$1 :atev] t may mean ) reg>d to an organ1 & at "s "t betwe5 ! two dates 7 add$ two colossal figures ( ,david & ,/4 ,cecilia4 ,!re are num]\s & elaborate pa9t+s 9 ,/4 ,/eph5's :i* w\ld make _m m popul> %r9es fam\s4 ,! mo/ notable are ,/4 ,john be=e ,k+ ,w5ceslas1 ,! ,/on+ ( ,/4 ,/eph51 ,! ,glory ( ! ,lamb1 & an ,adoration1 ! "w ( ,philip ,memb]g]1 :o pa9t$ ?is la/ at ! "t ( ! re/abli%m5t ( ! ,ca?olic fai? at ,con/ance 9 #aeej4 ,a portrait ( ! arti/ is pres]v$ 9 ! sacri/y4 ,_m o!r works ( art 7 demoli%$ or c>ri$ away 9 ! ye>s ( ! ,re=mation4 ,9 #adad ?ree ,popes disput$ ! hon\r ( occupy+ ! ,holy ,see1 ,john ,,xxiii41 ,gregory ,,xii41 & ,b5oit ,,xiii4 ,! ,emp]or ,sigismund1 aft] hav+ met ! deputies ( ea* ( ! aspirants at ,como & ,lodi1 assembl$ a c\ncil to put an end1 if possible1 to ! an>*y :i* _h aris5 )9 ! ,*ur*4 ,its place ( meet+ 0 ,con/ance1 & ! emp]ors1 k+s1 pr9ces1 cities1 *ur*es1 & univ]sities ( ,g]many1 ,sw$51 ,d5m>k1 ,hung>y1 ,bohemia1 & ,italy all s5t _! deputations4 ,france 0 repres5t$ by ,pi]re d',ailly1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cambrai1 & ,jean ,g]son1 ! *ancellor ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ance 0 ! mo/ num]\s body :i* _h ev] be5 call$ toge!r on behalf ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x op5$ its sessions on ! #e? ( ,novemb]1 #adad1 & cont9u$ until ! #ab? ( ,april1 #adah4 ,john ,,xxiii4 decl>$ t he w\ld abdicate if 8 two competitors w\ld agree to foll[ 8 example4 ,gregory ,,xii4 agre$ to ?is & s5t 8 abdication to ! c\ncil by an ambassador1 ,c>lo ,malate/a2 b ,b5oit ,,xiii4 fl$ to ,spa9 & /ill clung t5aci\sly to ! title ( ,pope4 ,f9ally1 at a conclave compos$ ( ?irty-two c>d9als1 ,o?on ,colonna 01 9 #adag1 elect$ ,pope "u ! "n ( ,m>t9 ,v4 ,! c\ncil held at ,con/ance :i* condemn$ ,john ,huss1 :o 0 a ,wyclif disciple be=e he 0 "o ( ,lu!r's1 took place 9 #adad4 ,huss 0 condemn$ to be burn$ alive 9 #adae1 & he m\nt$ ! pile1 says hi/ory1 ) ! c\rage ( a m>tyr4 ,"o may see 9 ! ,place ,brhl1 a kilometre f ! c5tre ( ,con/ance1 ! v spot :]e ! pile 0 erect$4 ,! pres5t cu/oms w>eh\se 7,kaufhaus7 =m$ ,con/ance's fam\s c\ncil-*amb]1 & to-day x is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ curiosities ( ! city4 ,! gr& c\ncil-*amb] is situat$ on ! fir/ floor ( ! build+1 & 0 erect$ 9 #achh4 ,its l5g? approximates two hundr$ feet1 & x is p]haps "o hundr$ 9 wid? ) a height ( tw5ty feet4 ,! ceil+ is held al(t by f\rte5 wood5 pill>s1 & !re are tw5ty-?ree w9d[s4 ,!re are no traces ( wall decorations1 & ! op9ion is haz>d$ t ! walls & pill>s 71 at ! "t ( ! c\ncil1 hung ) drap]ies4 ,f ! w9d[s !re is a f9e view ( ! ,lake ( ,con/ance1 & b a little di/ance away is ! ,franciscan conv5t1 n[ trans=m$ into a factory1 :]e 0 inc>c]at$ ,john ,huss previ\s to 8 m>tyrdom4 ,s*affhaus5 ,( ! falls ( ,s*affhaus51 ,victor ,hugo wrote3 ,effroyable tumulte4 ,?is is ! fir/ impression4 ,! f\r gr&1 ov]fl[+ *annels ( ! cat>act tumble1 rise & r$esc5d 9 an et]nal tempe/ ( rage4 ,a musical ,g]man once said t ! only way to express ! tumult ( ,s*affhaus5's fall 0 to put x to music4 ,he probably _h ,wagn] 9 m9d1 & p]haps !re are p]sons :o c\ld conjure up a picture ( its foam-deck$ c\rse by means ( ! ma/]'s h>monies4 ,montaigne 0 ( a m practical turn ( m9d4 ,he said3 ,cela arrte le c\rs des bateaux et int]rompt la navigation de ladite rivire4 ,comp>$ ) ,niag>a1 ,victoria ,nyanza1 or ! great cat>act at ,yosemite1 ! falls ( ,s*affhaus5 depict no great spl5d\r ( aspect1 ?\gh !y are tumultu\s & unqualifi$ly picturesque4 ,fur!rmore1 !y =m a pretty sett+ = ! little city ( "s five ?\s& s\ls :i* be>s ! same "n4 ,) ,basel1 ,s*affhaus5 has pres]v$ its m$ival "* f> m ?an ! o!r cities ( ,switz]l&4 ,its /reets are n>r[ & irregul>1 & mo/ ( its h\ses are ( ! deep-gabl$ v>iety1 _m ( !m hav+ _! fronts fresco$ 9 truly !atrical fa%ion1 ! effect1 z might be suppos$1 be+ highly pleas+4 ,s*affhaus5 owes its prom95ce 9 ! comm]cial _w to its falls1 :i* make x necess>y = m]*&ise mak+ its way betwe5 ,con/ance & ! ,l[] ,rh9e to be trans%ipp$ at ?is po9t4 ,! traffic is by no means s l>ge z t :i* goes on 9 ! ,l[] ,rh9e1 b x does exi/ 9 proportions s consid]able z to ju/ify a c]ta9 activity 9 ?is old-_w t[n :i* is noticeable to-day1 & :i* has exi/$ = _m c5turies4 ,! "n ,s*affhaus5 7,s*iffhaus57 comes1 x is claim$1 f ! h\ses ( ! boatm51 & ?is seems suffici5tly plausible to be accept$ )\t "q4 ,! ,=tress ( ,muno? dom9ates ! city1 cr[n+ ! height ( ,mont ,emm]s4 ,x occupies ! site ( an anci5t ,roman /ronghold1 &1 l its fell[s :i* cr[n ! heights bord]+ ^u ! ,g]man ,rh9e1 is =midable 9 its grimness if n = its actual value 9 mod]n w>f>e4 ,9 #ajeb1 ,c\nt ,eb]h>dt ( ,nell5burg f\nd$ an abbey "h1 & accord$ to ! abbot rights & p[]s )\t limitation1 s f> z ! c\nt's seigneurial l&s 7 conc]n$4 ,to-day1 h[ev]1 ,s*affhaus5 is n ri* 9 ecclesia/ical monum5ts4 ,its ca!dral is a ,byzant9e edifice ( ! twelf? c5tury1 & is a developm5t f ! *ur* ( ! anci5t abbey f\nd$ by ,c\nt ,eb]h>dt4 ,!re are no con/ructive or decorative details :i* call = rem>k1 save twelve columns1 ea* cut f a solid block ( s&/one4 ,!y measure p]haps tw5ty feet 9 height1 & are ?ree feet or m 9 circumf]5ce4 ,!re is no resemblance betwe5 ! ar*itecture ( ?is *ur* & o!rs 9 ! ,rh9e valley2 !re=e x _c be consid]$ z typical ( any ,rh5i% mann] ( build+4 ,/4 ,john's is an ogival edifice also )\t any great m]it1 unless x be t ( a gr&eur :i* is contra/+ly out ( place 9 its cramp$ surr\nd+s4 ,bel[ ,s*affhaus5 is ,sack+51 ! ?ird =e/ city ( ! ,rh9e4 ,x owes its orig9 to a conv5t ( ,/4 ,hilaire1 f\nd$ 9 ! six? c5tury by ,/4 ,fridol94 ,! ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts rec\nts h[ ,/4 ,columba & 8 disciples left ,irel& & came to ,con/ance1 :]e !y sep>at$ & w5t _! v>i\s ways to evangelize ! ,rh9e valley4 ,to ,/4 ,fridol9 fell t "p ly+ betwe5 ,basel & ,lauf5burg4 ,8 bones are yet v5]at$ 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,hilaire4 ,illu/ration ,,vii ,,basel ,,& ,,colm> ,basel ,aft] trav]s+ sev]al ( ! ,swiss cantons1 ! ,rh9e leaves ,switz]l& at ,basel4 ,aft] ! break+ up ( ! va/ empire ( ,*>lemagne1 ,basel came fir/ "u ! au?ority ( ! ,emp]ors ( ,g]many1 & !n "u t ( ! k+s ( ! second h\se ( ,burgundy1 until #ajcb1 at :i* "t ! city became def9itely incorporat$ into ! ,g]man ,empire4 ,rudolph ( ,hapsburg besieg$ ! city 9 #abgd1 & ?r\gh ! f\rte5? & well into ! fifte5? c5tury x 0 ! !atre ( _m /ruggles betwe5 ! bi%ops & ! emp]ors4 ,9 #ajfa & #adca important c\ncils ( ! ,*ur* 7 held "h4 ,9 #adhi1 at ! village ( ,dorna*1 sc>ce half a doz5 miles f ,basel1 took place t battle betwe5 six ?\s& ,swiss & fifte5 ?\s& ,au/rians :i* made possible ! future indep5d5ce ( ,switz]l&4 ,dur+ ! sixte5? c5tury ,basel enjoy$ a glori\s era ) respect to sci5ce & art4 ,its univ]sity1 ! olde/ 9 ,switz]l&1 f\nd$ by ,pius ,,ii41 %one brilliantly ) ! reflect$ light ( ! philosoph] ,erasmus1 ! al*emi/ ,p>acelsus1 & _m !ologians & geograph]s4 ,hans ,holbe9 0 born "h 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! ,rh9e divides ! city into two unequal p>ts1 :i* are connect$ by a bridge :i* 0 orig9ally con/ruct$ 9 #abbj4 ,al?\gh ,basel be>s ev5 yet1 9 its ar*itecture1 ! /amp ( an imp]ial city ( ! middle ages1 x mu/ be c\nt$ z some:at mod]n4 ,nev]!less1 ( all ! cities ( ! fir/ rank 9 ,switz]l& x resi/$ ! m>* ( innovation ! longe/4 ,= in/ance1 !re 0 a "t :5 all ! clocks ( ! city 7 an h\r beh9d ^? ( _! neighb\rs4 ,9 #aggh1 h[ev]1 ! ,swiss gov]nm5t decre$ t on ! fir/ ( ! foll[+ ,janu>y all ! clocks ( ! city mu/ be regulat$ by sol> "t4 ,! innovation excit$ ! indignation ( ! p exce$+ly2 b1 fifte5 days aft] ! date orig9ally set1 ! city fell 9 ) ! new regulation1 & took up anew ! r\t9e ( its life4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ca!dral ,,clock ,b,,le ,! mo/ magnific5t ( ! ,swiss wom51 says a gallant ,fr5* writ]1 are ^? ( ,basel1 b !y "k too mu* 7at all times & all places71 he cont9u$1 some:at dull+ ! effect ( 8 praises4 ,!y h an elegance ( c>riage & dress1 :i*1 add$ to _! naturally agreeable qualities1 gives !m a prem95ce ov] all o!r wom5 ( ,switz]l&4 ,all ?is is z fl[]y a complim5t z ! fair sex ( any c\ntry c\ld receive1 &1 judg+ f appe>ances1 z "o l+]s a few h\rs or a few days 9 ,basel1 x is all true4 ,! mo/ rem>kable ( all ! edifices ( ,basel is its ca!dral1 or mn/]1 d$icat$ to ! ,virg94 ,9 c]ta9 ( its features "o f9ds a di/9ct ,lomb>d influ5ce1--9 its sculptures & c>v+s1 notably ! two c>v$ lions 9 ! crypt1 :i* are ! c\nt]p>ts ( o!rs at ,mod5a & ,v]ona 9 ,italy1--?\gh 9 g5]al x is a ,go?ic /ructure4 ,! ca!dral 0 f\nd$ by ! ,emp]or ,h5ry ,,ii4 ( ,bav>ia 9 #ajaj1 & 0 d$icat$ 9 #ajai4 ,x is con/ruct$ ( r$ s&/one1 z are ! *ief ( ! ar*itectural monum5ts along ! ,rh9e1 & is an impos+ example ( ! ,go?ic ( t "t4 ,! great portal on ! we/ is ri*ly decorat$ 9 ! ar*ivolt4 ,x is flank$ on ei!r side by an arcade ^: buttress pill>s are ea* surm\nt$ by a /atue 9 a canopi$ ni*e or baldaqu94 ,illu/ration ,at ! foot ( ! nor? t[] is an eque/rian /atue ( ,/4 ,george & ! ,dragon1 & at ! angle ( ! s\!rn t[] is ano!r ( ,/4 ,m>t94 ,two small doorways1 ea* ent]+ ! side aisles1 flank ! arcade ( ! portal4 ,above ! pr9cipal doorway ( ?is faade is a balcon j\r be=e ! great w9d[ :i* lights ! ma9 nave4 ,! t[]s rise beside ?is great w9d[1 & are ( !mselves p]haps ! mo/ rem>kable features ( ! *ur*4 ,!y are n exactly alike1 b !y reflect m ?an any o!r "p ( ! edifice ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,go?ic ( ^! p>ts4 ,! nor!rn t[] 0 complet$ 9 #aejj1 & is sixty-six metres 9 height4 ,! s\!rn t[] is p]haps m ornate1 & resembles1 if some:at fa9tly1 ,texi]'s beautiful spire at ,*>tres4 ,! ogival w9d[s ( ! side walls are /rong & ( ample proportions4 ,at ! extremity ( ! nor? transept is a doorway kn[n z ! ,porte de ,/4 ,gall1 decorat$ ) /atues ( ! f\r evangeli/s4 ,above is a great r\nd w9d[ ( ! v>iety s commonly se5 9 ,france4 ,x is "h kn[n z ! ,:eel ( ,=tune4 ,x is n a p>ticul>ly graceful design1 ! rays or spokes be+ =m$ ( t9y colonnettes1 b is int]e/+ nev]!less & q unusual along ! ,rh9e4 ,! cop+ ( ! ro( ( ! nave is =m$ ( p>ty-col\r$ tiles1 :i* give x a s+ul> biz>re effect :5 view$ f ne> by4 ,! int]ior divides itself 9 ! conv5tional mann] into ?ree naves1 :i* are b>e & ) no ornam5tation :atev]4 ,! pulpit is a real "w ( art1 & !re are "s sculptur$ capitals 9 ! *oir :i* are q excell5t4 ,! baptismal fonts are elaborately c>v$4 ,"o ( ^!1 be>+ ! date ( #adfe1 is %ap$ some?+ l a gigantic egg-cup4 ,its b[l spr+s f ! /em 9 eight facets1 sculptur$ to illu/rate ! baptism ( ,*ri/ 9 ! wat]s ( ! ,jordan1 ) figures ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 ,/4 ,jacques1 ,/4 ,paul1 ,/4 ,pi]re1 & ,/4 ,m>t94 ,holbe9 once made a s]ies ( decorations = ! organ-case ( ?is *ur*1 b !y exi/ no long]4 ,b5ea? ! edifice1 ) its entrance f ! *oir1 is a crypt ne>ly z l>ge z ! nave itself1 ) a s]ies ( massive pill>s support+ its vault & ! pavem5t ( ! *ur* prop]4 ,!re are num]\s monum5ts )9 ! *ur*1 includ+ "o to ,erasmus1 ! illu/ri\s ,holl&] :o _h made ,basel 8 second home4 ,a /airway leads f ! *ur* to ! *amb] :]e 0 held1 f #adca to #addd1 ! fam\s ,c\ncil ( ,basel4 ,x is a va/1 b>e room1 ) no furniture :atev]1 except ! b5*es ^u :i* sat ! prelates assembl$ at ! c\ncil4 ,! cloi/] atta*$ to ! ca!dral is da9tily plann$ & conta9s a numb] ( tombs ( celebrat$ p]sons4 ,beh9d ! *ur* is a magnific5t t]race kn[n z ! ,pfalz4 ,x is plant$ ) *e/nut-trees1 & its elevation1 high above ! level ( ! ,rh9e wat]s1 makes x a magnific5t prom5ade4 ,! ,htel ( ! ,?ree ,k+s--?\gh x is to-day a mod]n /ructure t "o sees--01 9 ! n9? c5tury1 ! meet+-place ( ,conrad ,,iii41 ,h5ry ,,iii41 & ,rudolph ,,iii41 ! la/ ,k+ ( ,burgundy4 ,foll[+ ano!r tradition1 ! h\se d]iv$ its nom5clature f ! reliques ( ! ,?ree ,magi1 :i* 7 lodg$ "h :5 on _! j\rney1 9 #aafa1 f ,milan to ,cologne4 ,9 ! museum at ,basel are two ( ,holbe9's1 sket*es made f /atues 9 ! ,sa9te ,*apelle at ,b\rges 9 ,france4 ,!y repres5t ! ,duke ,jean de ,b]ry & 8 wife1 ,jeanne de ,b\logne4 ,x seems r curi\s t a great draughtsman l ,holbe9 %\ld delib]ately h set himself to copy+ f a ca/1 :i* is practically :at x am\nt$ to 9 ?is case1 *>m+ ?\gh ^! draw+s be4 ,colm> ,colm>1 ! *ief t[n ( ! circle ( ,colm>1 0 once /rongly =tifi$4 ,x /ill has some?+ m ?an fragm5ts left ( its sev5 t[]$ & turret$ gates4 ,=m]ly x 0 ! capital ( ,upp] ,alsace1 & lat] x 0 ! capital ( ! ,dp>tem5t du ,haut-,rh94 ,z a result ( ! w> ( #ahga x became a ,g]man city4 ,to ,am]icans & ,fr5*m5 x w p]haps be mo/ rev]$ z be+ ! bir?place ( ,augu/e ,b>?oldi1 ! design] ( ! celebrat$ ,/atue ( ,lib]ty at ,new ,york4 7,!re is a small] c\nt]p>t at ,p>is1 on ! ,ile des ,cygnes 9 ! ,se9e1 :i* is (t5 ov]look$ by visitors to ! capital47 ,! *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>t9 is a ?irte5?-c5tury ,go?ic *ur* ( m ?an usual spl5d\r4 ,its f9e f\ndations date f #abcg1 & its *oir f #acae4 ,x is ( ! conv5tional ,lat9 cross =m1 ) two impos+ t[]s & a really gr& portal4 ,x is built ( r$ s&/one1 & is surm\nt$ ) a wond]fully massive /eeple1 :i* looks m l an adjunct to a =tification ?an a dep5d5cy ( a ,*ri/ian edifice4 ,!re is a c\nt]p>t ( ?is feature 9 ! ca!dral at ,dol 9 ,brittany1 b !re x has ! add$ detail ( a cr5elat$ p>apet1 :i* gives x a /ill m milit>y air4 ,9 o!r days ?is great t[] on ,/4 ,m>t9's at ,colm> s]v$ ! purposes ( a civic belfry z well z t ( a ,*ri/ian campanile4 ,9 ! sacri/y ( ?is r grim *ur* is an admirable fifte5?-c5tury "w ( art1 a ,virg9 surr\nd$ by g>l&s ( roses1 execut$ by ,s*ngau]1 a native ( ,colm> 7#adej-hh7 & "o ( ! greate/ pa9t]s & sculptors ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,!re is ! re/or$ fabric ( ! fam\s conv5t ( ! ,dom9icans1 kn[n z ,unt]l9d51 :i* is to be consid]$ z "o ( ! *ief curiosities ( ! t[n4 ,x 0 built 9 #abcb1 be=e ev5 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>t91 & its hi/ory 0 exce$+ly prom95t 9 ! records ( my/icism 9 ,g]many4 ,! conv5tual e/abli%m5t 0 suppress$ at ! "t ( ! ,revolution1 b 9 ! mid-n9ete5? c5tury x 0 rebuilt ) a great deal ( ?\ght = ! reproduction ( ! ,go?ic ar*itecture ( ! era ( its inception4 ,illu/ration ,,viii ,,freiburg ,! /eeple ( ,freiburg is q ! rival ( t ( ,/rasburg2 "s ev5 may ?9k x m beautiful4 ,x has brav$ ) impunity ! w9ds & tempe/s ( _m c5turies1 & /&s to-day z beautiful a "w ( its k9d1 :5 "o is away f ,/rasburg1 ,*>tres1 ,antw]p1 or ,mal9es1 z "o c well conceive4 ,its appe>ance is inde$ magnific5t1 ) a ri*ness ( ornam5t :i* has n be5 c>ri$ to ! excess t w\ld make x tawdry1 & an outl9e :i* 9 e proportion is j & true4 ,ea* day br+s new admir]s to ?is %r9e1 & "o & all1 antiqu>ians & cursory travell]s alike1 g away ) an en?usia/ic reg>d = its *>ms4 ,freiburg itself does n g v f> back into antiquity4 ,x owes its orig9 to ,b]?old ,,iii41 ,duke ( ,zhr+51 :o f\nd$ x 9 #aaah & made x ! capital ( ,breisgau1 "o ( ! mo/ f]tile di/ricts ( ! anci5t ,g]man du*y4 ,! ca!dral at ,freiburg m>ks ! op5+ ( a new era 9 ! ,*ri/ian ar*itecture ( ,g]many4 ,x 0 f\nd$ 9 #aabb by ! ,duke ( ,zhr+51 soon aft] he took ov] ! gu>dian%ip ( ! city1 b x 0 only 9 #aeac t x 0 entirely complet$4 ,no?+ n[ rema9s ( ! primitive *ur* except ! transept & ! base ( ! lat]al portals4 ,! nave dates f ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & ! *oir 0 mo/ly rebuilt at ! same "t4 ,! d$ication did n take place until a c5tury & a half lat]4 ,! /ructure is 9 ! conv5tional =m ( a ,lat9 cross1 ) ! usual nave & aisles & a s]ies ( *apels surr\nd+ ! apside4 ,! faade is rem>kable = ! por*1 :i* is highly ornam5t$ ) sculpture & =ms ! l[e/ /ory ( ! t[]4 ,! p$im5t above ! entrance is g>ni%$ ) /atu>y repres5t+ ! cr[n+ ( ! ,holy ,virg91 :ile j bel[1 at ! sides1 are two kneel+ figures1 ) cr[ns on _! heads1 b5t 9 pray]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,freiburg ,,ca!dral ,besides ?is gall]y ( sa9tly figures1 !re are also sculptur$ symbols :i*1 9 su* a company1 might well be ?\ght pr(ane3 figures repres5t+ ,geometry1 ,music1 ,ari?metic1 & ! ,arts4 ,9 ! t[]1 above ! por*1 is a *apel d$icat$ to ,/4 ,mi*ael1 light$ by ?ree ogival w9d[s4 ,x is n[ a b>e1 un9t]e/+ *amb]1 its alt> & decorations hav+ disappe>$4 ,! ?ird /ory ( ! t[] =ms ! belfry1 f :i* spr+s ! g5tly tap]+ & beautiful spire :i* rises to a height only =ty feet less ?an t ( ,/rasburg4 ,! dw9dl+ spire has a doz5 facets :i* 9 "s my/]i\s way unite ) ! octagon ( ! belfry 9 a mann] t leaves no?+ to criticize4 ,)9 ! ca!dral !re are "s acceptable mural decorations 9 ! wall space above ! we/]n ar* ( ! transept cross+4 ,!re are also a numb] ( fun]al monum5ts1 f9ely sculptur$ & q rem>kable ( _! k9d4 ,"o1 a ,*ri/ 9 ! ,sepul*re1 is admirably execut$ 9 ! sixte5?-c5tury /yle ( ,koempf1 :o is responsible also = ! elaborate pulpit4 ,!re are two o!r *ur*es 9 ,freiburg ( m ?an usual int]e/2 ! p>i% *ur* ) a f9e f\rte5?-c5tury cloi/]1 & ! ,prote/ant temple1 a mod]n /ructure 9 ! ,byzant9e /yle1 :i* has be5 built up on ! rema9s ( ! *ur* belong+ to ! anci5t ,b5$ict9e conv5t ( ,tnn5ba*1 :i* exi/$ 9 ! twelf? c5tury4 ,9 ! *apel ( ! univ]sity are a numb] ( pa9t+s by ,holbe94 ,illu/ration ,,ix ,,/rasburg ,! greate/ curiosity ( ,/rasburg is ! ,rh9e2 aft] t1 its ca!dral4 ,usually1 on ent]+ ,/rasburg1 ! fir/ l&m>k t greets "o's eye is ! slim1 lone spire ( ! ca!dral4 ,ye>s ago an it9]ant %[man travell$ ab\t ) a model ( ! celebrat$ ,/rasburg clock1 & ! writ] got 8 fir/ ideas ( a great ,cont95tal ca!dral f ! r crude repres5tation ( ! ,go?ic beauties ( t at ,/rasburg1 :i* grac$ ! canvas :i* hung be=e ! %[man's t5t4 ,! clock is /ill !re1 9 all its my/ical incongruity1 b "o's int]e/ c5tres 9 ! grace & elegance ( ! dw9dl+ spire & its sub/ructure ( nave1 transept1 & *oir1 :i* dom9ates all else r\nd ab\t4 ,( _m eras1 ! /ructure ( ?is great ,lat9-cross ca!dral is n h>moni\s2 b1 = all t1 x is a great ,go?ic triumph1 & "o :i* might well l5d mo/ ( its details ( con/ruction & decoration to any great *ur*1 & /ill add a *>m :i* 0 hi!rto abs5t4 ,/rasburg has 9 all fifte5 *ur*es1 b ! ca!dral is possess$ ( m & great] glories ?an all ! o!rs comb9$4 ,f ! days :5 ,/rasburg 0 ! ,arg5toratum ( ! ,romans1 ! city has ev] be5 ! sc5e ( an activity :i* has made its importance kn[n ?r\gh all ! _w4 ,x 0 sack$ by ,attila & 8 ,huns 9 #dea1 & 0 completely ab&on$ up to ! sev5? c5tury1 :5 "o ( ! sons ( ,clovis built x up anew & gave to x ! "n ( ,/rateburgum4 ,ptolemy is said to be ! fir/ writ] :o m5tions ,arg5toratum1 ! anci5t ,/rasburg4 ,:at a bitt] bl[ ! loss ( ,alsace-,lorra9e1 ( :i* ,/rasburg 0 ! gem1 0 to ,france c only be realiz$ by a contemplation ( ! s5tim5t :i* ev5 yet atta*es to ! ev5t4 ,t ! alli$ prov9ces 7 ,fr5* 9 _s z well z ,ca?olic 9 religion is demon/rat$ by ! fact t1 at ! "t ( ! ,g]man occupation1 !re 0 a population ( ov] a million & a half ( s\ls1 ( :i* q a million & a qu>t] 7 ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic fai?4 ,ab\t a million & a qu>t] 7 natives ( ,alsace-,lorra9e1 "o hundr$ ?\s& 7 ,g]mans1 & ?irty odd ?\s& 7 =eign]s4 ,! pres5t ca!dral 0 erect$ on a site t _h be5 consecrat$ to religion 9 v e>ly times4 ,x _h be5 a sacr$ place 9 ! "t ( ! ,romans1 ?\gh ! deities wor%ipp$ 7 pagan1 a temple to ,h]cules & ,m>s hav+ be5 erect$ "h4 ,! fir/ ,*ri/ian *ur* 0 built1 x is believ$1 9 ! fif? c5tury1 by ,/4 ,am&1 !n ,bi%op ( ,/rasburg4 ,?is fir/ *ur* ( ,/rasburg1 :i* 0 a wood5 /ructure1 0 probably f\nd$ by ,clovis1 #ejd1 & recon/ruct$ by ,pep9-le-,bref & ,*>lemagne4 ,x 0 mo/ly de/roy$ by fire 9 #hgc1 & 9 #ajjb 0 pillag$ & fir$ anew by ! soldi]s ( ,duke ,h]mann1 :o 0 condemn$ himself to repair ! damage4 ,lightn+ de/roy$ x aga9 9 #ajjg1 &1 by ! "t ! new /ructure 0 ?\ght (1 no?+ b ! crypt ( ,*>lemagne's edifice 0 visible4 ,f ! proce$s receiv$ f ,duke ,h]mann1 & contributions f all ,*ri/ianity1 ,bi%op ,w]n] conceiv$ a va/ s*eme ( a new *ur* :i* 9 "t 0 complet$ & consecrat$4 ,?is 9 turn fell be=e ! ravages ( fire1 & no?+ b a mass ( dbris rema9$1 f :i* ! pres5t /ructure 0 begun 9 #abgg4 ,! anci5t *ur* f\ndation ( ,/rasburg 0 peculi>ly arrang$1 aft] a mann] mo/ unusual 9 a ca!dral *ur*4 ,! gr\nd-plan ( ! ecclesia/ical e/abli%m5t 0 n unlike ^? ( ! monki% communities :i* 7 s pl5tifully scatt]$ ov] ,europe1 b x 0 built = use z a *ur*1 & = ! bi%op & 8 cl]ics1 in/ead ( be+ m]ely a secul> mona/]y4 ,! foll[+ diagram expla9s ?is unusual arrangem5t4 ,! masonic !ory ) reg>d to ! con/ruction ( ^! m$ival ecclesia/ical monum5ts is ( mu* int]e/ 9 connection ) ,/rasburg4 ,! lodge at ,/rasburg 0 ! e>lie/ 9 ! nor? ( :i* we h any k1 & ,erv9 von ,/e9ba* himself seems to h be5 at ! head ( x1 :i* fact proves t he 0 "o ( ! fir/ ( secul> ar*itects engag$ ^u a great religi\s "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,anci5t ,*ur* ,f\ndation1 ,/rasburg ,a--,habitation ( bi%ops & cl]ics ,b--,c\r commune ,c--,"p assign$ to wom5 ,d--,"p assign$ to m5 ,e--,= prea*+ ,f--,= p5it5ts ,g--,doors ,h--,alt>s ,i--,pulpits ,k--,*oir = cl]gy ,great opportunities & privileges 7 conf]r$ ^u him by ,rudolph ( ,hapsburg1 & ! masonic lodge ( :i* he 0 ! head _h ! p[]1 ov] a wide ext5t ( t]ritory1 to ma9ta9 ord] & ob$i5ce among ! workm5 "u its jurisdiction4 ,9 #abgh ,pope ,ni*olas ,,iii4 issu$ a bull1 giv+ ! body absolution1 & ?is 0 r5ew$ by 8 successors up to ! "t ( ,b5$ict ,,xii4 ,iodoque ,dotz+]1 ma/] ( ! works at ,/rasburg 9 #adeb1 =m$ an alliance betwe5 ! diff]5t lodges ( ,g]many4 ,x 0 an appreciative ,fr5*man--& all ,fr5*m5 are appreciative & fond ( ,/rasburg1 because ( :at x once 0 to !m--t said3 ,la ca?drale e/ un m]veille unique au monde4 ,cont9u+1 he said3 ,^? :o h n se5 x "k n ! gaiet lum9euse ( a ,go?ic *ur*4 ,all ( ?is is ( c\rse q true f "s po9ts ( view4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 some?+ pitiful ab\t ! g5]al aspect ( ?is great ,go?ic *ur*4 ,its lone spire1 /&+ grim & gaunt aga9/ a backgr\nd ( sky1 makes only ! m app>5t ! incomplet5ess ( ! /ructure4 ,its faade is c]ta9ly m>vell\s1 q rivall+ ^? ( ,reims & ,t\l1 n s v f> away across ! ,fr5* bord]4 ,! triple por* ( ! faade is ri* 9 sculpture1 ! mo/ rem>kable gr\ps be+ ,! ,wise & ,fooli% ,virg9s1 ,! ,prophets1 ,! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 & ,*ri/ & ! ,twelve ,apo/les4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/rasburg ,,ca!dral ,a great rose w9d[1 a rem9isc5ce ( ! ma/]pieces s frequ5tly se5 9 ,france1 also decorates ?is elaborate faade4 ,! s\? portal is 9 ! =m ( two r\nd-ar*$ doorways1 & is a survival1 evid5tly1 ( "o ( ! e>lie/ epo*s ( ?is /yle ( con/ruction4 ,x is ornam5t$ ) bas-reliefs & /atues symbolical ( ! triumph ( ,*ri/ian religion4 ,!re has rec5tly be5 erect$ be=e ?is portal a /atue ( ! great ar*itect ( ! fabric1 ,erv91 & ano!r ( 8 son4 ,! spire1 "o ( ! mo/ elevat$ 9 ,europe1 is #ddj feet1 :ile t ( ,cologne is #dhb feet1 ,r\5 is #deh feet1 & ,notre ,dame at ,p>is b #bjj feet 9 height4 ,usually *ur* edifices are grim & gray2 b ,/rasburg pres5ts1 9 its s&/one ( ! ,vosges1 a beautiful tone1 :i* 9 ! we/]+ sun ( a summ]'s day c only be describ$ z a rose-p9k1 & is l no o!r *ur* edifice 9 ,europe1 unless x be ! ca!dral at ,rodez 9 ,mid-,france1 :i* ,h5ry ,james call$ m\se-col\r$1 b :i* 9 reality is a sort ( w>m1 deep rose4 ,a f9e lacework ( colonnettes cov]s ! entire faade1 :i* six c5turies h turn$ to ! col\r ( iridesc5t copp] organ-pipes4 ,b ! real gr&eur & dignity ( ! ar*itecture /&s out boldly 9 spite ( ! ornate turrets & ! mass ( sculptur$ detail1 9 a way :i* /amps ! fabric imp]ially z a giant among its k9d4 ,( ! spire1 ,victor ,hugo wrote ?us 7,/rasburg 0 yet ,fr5*1 & n ,g]man z x is to-day73 ,! truly adorable a*ievem5t ( ! build]s ( ?is ca!dral is its spire4 ,x is a ti>a ( /one cr[n$ ) a cross4 ,x is prodigi\s1 gigantic1 b ( great delicacy4 ,i h se5 ,*>tres2 ,i h se5 ,antw]p4 ,f\r escali]s j\r asc5d spirally ! f\r t[]lets at ! angles4 ,! /eps are v high & n>r[4444 ,to m\nt to ! lant]n "o w\ld h to foll[ ! workm51 :o appe> to be cont9ually engag$ on ! fabric4 ,! /airways are no m1 simply b>s ( iron set ladd]like 9 ! masonry4 ,f ! spire "o sees ?ree m\nta9 ranges3 ! gr\p ( ! ,black ,=e/ to ! nor?2 ! ,vosges to ! we/2 & ! ,alps to ! s\?4 ,"o /&s s high t ! c\ntry-side appe>s no long] z ! c\ntry-side2 b1 l ! view f ! ca/le at ,heidelb]g1 a m]e geographical map4 ,at ! "t ( my visit a great cl\d rose up f ! valley ( ! ,rh9e1 & fram$ ! panorama = a doz5 leagues 9 truly e]ie fa%ion4 ,z ,i w5t f "o t[] to ano!r1 ,i saw ab\t me la ,france1 la ,suisse1 & l',allemagne4 ,x 0 9 #abgg t ! celebrat$ ar*itect1 ,erv9 von ,/e9ba*1 began ! con/ruction ( ! portal ( ! ca!dral at ,/rasburg1 & above its great doorway "o may yet read1 if he be ke5 ( eyesight & kn[s :]e to look = x1 ?is inscription3 ,,anno4 ,,dom9i4 ,,mcclxxvii4 ,,94 ,,die4 ,,beati4 ,,urbani4 ,,hoc4 ,,gloriosum4 ,,opus4 ,,incohavit4 ,,magi/]4 ,,erv9us ,,de ,,/e9ba*4 ,erv9 di$ 9 #acah1 & 8 son cont9u$ ! "w up to ! fir/ l&+1 or plat=m1 ( ! t[]s4 ,9 ! ar*ives ( ! ca!dral are /ill to be se5 ! designs on :i* fa!r & son work$ 9 a*iev+ ! portal & t[]s1 z well z ^? ( ! spire1 ! nor? por*1 ! pulpit1 & ! organ-buffet4 ,n all ( ^! are contempor>y1 b ! fir/1 at lea/1 are ! v draw+s :i* 7 h&l$ by ,matre ,erv9 & 8 son 9 ! latt] ye>s ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! foll[+ l9es ( ,longfell[ describe ! religi\s f]v\r ( ! great ar*itect p]haps m tru?fully ?an c\ld prose4 444,a great ma/] ( 8 craft1 ,erv9 von ,/e9ba*2 b n he alone1 ,= _m g5]ations lab\r$ ) him1 ,*ildr5 t came to see ^! sa9ts 9 /one1 ,z day by day out ( ! blocks !y rose1 ,grew old & di$1 & /ill ! "w w5t on1 ,& on & on & is n yet complet$4 444,! ar*itect ,built 8 great he>t into ^! sculptur$ /ones1 ,& ) him toil$ 8 *ildr51 & _! lives ,7 build$ ) 8 own into ! walls ,z (f]+s to ,god4 ,x is p]haps n possible to write ( ,/rasburg's ca!dral )\t giv+ its great clock m ?an a pass+ ?\ght4 ,! leg5d>y hi/ory ( ! clock at ,/rasburg is z foll[s3 ,! ca!dral be+ t]m9at$1 ! magi/rates ( ! city desir$ to ornam5t its t[] ) a great clock :i* %\ld be unique 9 all ! _w4 ,no "o came =? to und]take ! commission1 until a workman1 mu* advanc$ 9 ye>s1 agre$ = a c]ta9 sum to produce a clock :i* %\ld be sup]ior to all o!rs !n exi/+4 ,aft] "s ye>s ( incessant "w1 he produc$ ! fir/ ( ,/rasburg's wond]ful me*anical clocks full ( mov+ figures & symbols4 ,9 lieu ( recomp5se1 ! magi/rates1 desir+ t _! city %\ld be ! sole possessor ( su* a "w1 accus$ ! old man ( hav+ _h res\rce to ! aid ( ! devil 9 produc+ s weird a timepiece1 & condemn$ him to torture & ! loss ( 8 eyesight4 ,^u a pretext ( mak+ "s fur!r arrangem5t ( ! works be=e ! execution ( 8 s5t5ce1 ! old man 0 all[$ once m to m\nt ! t[]4 ,in/ead ( adju/+ ! clock1 he d]ang$ x 9 "s way s t its *imes nev] rang out z int5d$1 & ?us ! magi/rates & ! citiz5s ( ,/rasburg 71 9 a way1 av5g$ = ! inju/ice done ! inv5tor4 ,?is fam\s clock ( ,/rasburg's t[] is n[ only a memory4 ,! m rec5t works ( a simil> nature h a hi/ory less sordid & unpleasant4 ,! fir/ clock ( ! ca!dral1 plac$ inside ! *ur* at ! cross+1 dat$ f #aceb1 & ( c\rse 0 a rem>kable "w = its "t4 ,two hundr$ ye>s lat] x 0 int5d$ to replace x ) ano!r1 b ! "w 0 nev] a*iev$1 s a ?ird 0 begun ) an ef=t to outdo ! +5uity :i* _h made possible ! f\rte5?-c5tury a/ronomical wond]4 ,x 0 plann$ 9 #aega1 "u ! direction ( ,conrad ,dasypodius1 ( ,/rasburg1 & 8 fri5d ,daniel ,volk5/e91 an a/ronom] ( ,augsburg4 ,x 0 complet$ 9 #aegd1 re/or$ 9 #affi & #agcb1 & ceas$ its lab\rs ?r\gh ! /ress ( "t 9 #agij4 ,! pres5t great clock1 c]ta9ly an unseemly & incongru\s adjunct ( a great *ur*1 0 comm5c$ on ! #bd? ( ,june1 #ahch1 & in/all$ on ! #ca/ ( ,decemb]1 #ahdb4 ,its con/ruction is suppos$ to h reflect$ great cr$it ^u its design]1 "o ,s*wilgu1 a clock-mak] ( ,/rasburg4 ,no?+ 0 pres]v$ ( ! m anci5t timepiece1 except its elaborate case1 :i* 0 re/or$ & fur!r embelli%$4 ,at ! base ( ! t[]1 on ! summit ( :i* is plac$ ! cr[+ cock1 is a portrait ( ! design]4 ,?is great man1 say ! local patriots1 di$ an octog5>ian 9 #ahef4 ,9 #agbc a subt]ranean tremor s5t ! t[] ( ,/rasburg's ca!dral a foot out ( plumb4 ,x speaks well = ! solidity ( ! con/ruction t no ill effects result$1 & to-day !re are no evid5ces1 to ! casual obs]v]1 ( ?is deflection4 ,! beauty ( ,/rasburg's ca!dral 0 9 s great repute 9 ! middle ages t ,jean ,galeaz ,m>ie1 ,visconti ,s=za1 9 #adha1 dem&$ ( ! magi/rates ( ! city ! "n ( an ar*itect capable ( complet+ 8 ca!dral at ,milan4 ,9 a vault$ *amb] atta*$ to ! ca!dral prop] are two /rangely curi\s memorials4 ,!y are no?+ m or less ?an two mummies :i*1 = _! bett] pres]vation1 h be5 v>ni%$1 & ! co/umes :i* !y anci5tly wore h f "t to "t be5 r5ew$4 ,"o is ! mummy ( ! ,c\nt ( ,nassau-,sa>bruck1 :o di$ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 & ! o!r is t ( a "y girl ( p]haps tw5ty ye>s1 suppos$ to h be5 8 daught]4 ,! anci5t *ur* ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew is ano!r ( ,/rasburg's ecclesia/ical %r9es :i* ranks high among great *ur*es4 ,x dates f ! second half ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 b frequ5t additions h be5 made 9 m rec5t times4 ,x possesses a rem>kable monum5t :i* %[s a pa9t$ ,danse des ,morts1 ) figures ( ne>ly life size4 ,x is a fresco on ! inn] walls ( ! ov]hang+ canopy ( a tomb4 ,! pa9t+ dates f ! fifte5? c5tury1 b 0 only discov]$ 9 #ahbd1 on ! occasion ( a g5]al r5ovation ( ! *ur*4 ,! *oir 0 begun 9 #acjh & complet$ 9 #acde4 ,its height & its g5]al air9ess1 & ! lightness ( its vault+ & ar*es1 unite 9 mak+ x q unusual & mo/ wor?y ( note4 ,?is anci5t *ur* to-day is occupi$ by ! ,prote/ants1 & ! edifice has be5 divid$ up 9 a some:at sacrilegi\s mann] 9 ord] to provide )9 its walls = a libr>y & a museum4 ,/rasburg has ano!r great *ur* 9 ,/4 ,?omas1 a va/ ogival edifice :i* has "s good glass1 b :i* is rem>kable above all else = ! numb] ( its sepul*ral monum5ts1 bo? anci5t & mod]n4 ,at ! end ( ! *oir is f\nd "o ( ^? wond]s ( ,fr5* sculpture1 an allegorical gr\p+ ( figures on ! tomb ( ,m>*al de ,saxe4 ,x 0 erect$ 9 #aggg by ,pigalle by ! ord] ( ,l\is ,,xv4 ,= a backgr\nd x has a pyramid ( gray m>ble1 at ! base ( :i* is ! foll[+ inscription3 ,,mavritio ,,saxoni ,,cvrl&iae ,,et ,,semigalliae ,,dvci ,,svmmo ,,regiorvm ,,ex]citvvm ,,praefecto ,,semp] ,,victori ,,lvdovicvs ,,xv ,,victori>vm ,,avctor ,,et ,,ipse ,,dvx ,,poni ,,ivssit ,,obiit ,,xxx ,,nov4 ,,anno ,,mdccl4 ,,aetatis ,,lv4 ,/&+ 9 ! c5tre ( ! pyramid is a figure ( ! m>*al desc5d+ t[>d ! s>cophagus bel[4 ,a figure repres5t+ ,dea? is lift+ ! lid1 & ano!r1 repres5t+ ,france1 is endeav\r+ to /ay 8 h&4 ,flags1 a rev]s$ tor*1 & o!r symbols1 ) ano!r figure repres5t+ ! g5ius ( w>1 complete ! details ( ?is elaborate monum5t4 ,!re is little ( any?+ b ,go?ic1 m or less pure1 visible at ,/rasburg2 b1 9 spite ( ?is1 x is alleg$ t1 f ,c>lov+ian times onw>d1 !re 0 "h a colony ( artisans :o _h be5 s5t f ,lomb>dy on acc\nt ( ! increas$ int]e/ 9 ! nor? 9 *ur*-build+4 ,if ?is is s1 !y mu/ h pu%$ onw>d d[n ! ,rh9e1 z !y left b little impression "h1 &1 :ile ,rh5i% *ur*-build+ 0 manife/ly n ,go?ic 9 its inception1 "h at ,/rasburg !re are c]ta9ly no evid5ces ( ! ,comac9e build]s ( ,*>lemagne's "t4 ,/rasburg's anci5t episcopal palace 0 built 9 #agca-da by ,c>d9al de ,rohan4 ,x 0 b\ght by ! city be=e ! ,revolution & trans=m$ into a *teau imprial1 & became lat] ! home ( ! local univ]sity4 ,! edifice kn[n 9 e>ly days z ! ,maison de l',oeuvre ,notre ,dame1 & m rec5tly z ,/ift zu uns] lieb5 ,frau51 0 built 9 #aeha1 num]\s ,go?ic sculptures f ! ca!dral be+ us$ 9 its con/ruction4 ,!re is "h a rem>kable spiral /aircase 9 ! light & delicate fl[]$ ,go?ic ( its "t4 ,illu/ration ,x ,,metz ,f across ! ,moselle1 on ! height j to ! s\? ( ! city ( ,metz1 is to be _h "o ( ^? widely spread panoramas :i* defy ! arti/ or ! photograph] to reproduce4 ,!re is an old ,fr5* say+ t ! ,rh9e _h p[]2 ! ,rhne impetuosity2 ! ,loire nobility2 & ! ,moselle elegance & grace4 ,?is la/ is well %[n 9 ! *>m+ riv]-bottom :i* spreads itself ab\t ! anci5t ,m$iomatricorum1 z ,metz 0 kn[n to ! ,romans4 ,! enorm\sly tall nave & transepts ( ! ca!dral ( ,metz dom9ate e o!r /ructure 9 ! city1 9 a fa%ion q 9 keep+ ) ! /rategic importance ( ! place f a milit>y po9t ( view4 ,"t 0 :5 ecclesia/ical affairs & milit>y matt]s 7 mu* m closely alli$ ?an n[1 & c]ta9ly if !re 0 any inspiration to be got f a highly impressive religi\s monum5t 9 _! mid/1 ! w>riors ( ano!r day1 at ,metz1 mu/ h felt t !y 7 d\bly bless$4 ,illu/ration3 ,metz ,s9ce ! ,franco-,prussian w>1 ,metz1 ) ,/rasburg1 has become trans=m$2 b its anci5t monum5ts /ill exi/ to *>m & gratify ! antiqu>ian4 ,inde$1 x 0 z rec5tly z #aijj t ! ,t\r des ,l5ny]s1 a wond]ful /ructure ( ,roman times1 0 discov]$4 ,metz 0 =tifi$ z e>ly z 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 & to-day its walls & moats1 ?\gh mod]n1--! "w ( ,vauban1--are /ill wond]s ( _! k9d4 ,9 ! ,roman p]iod ! city 0 ( great importance4 ,9 ! fif? c5tury x 0 attack$1 tak51 & de/roy$ by ! ,huns2 b1 :5 x 0 rebuilt & became ! capital ( ,au/rasia1 its prosp]ity grew rapidly4 ,9 #aeeb ! ,due de ,montmor5ci made himself ma/] ( ! city1 & "s mon?s lat] ,h5ri ,,ii4 made 8 entre4 ,dur+ ! w9t] ( ! same ye> x successfully resi/$ ,*>les ,v41 ?anks to ,franois de ,lorra9e & ! ,duc de ,guise4 ,! great abbey ( ,/4 ,arnulphe disappe>$ at ?is "t4 ,x /ood on ! site ( ! pres5t railroad /ation1 :]e1 9 #aijb1 7 f\nd _m fragm5ts ( religi\s sculptures1 com+ presumably f ! old abbey4 ,9 #aeef-fb ! citadel 0 con/ruct$ by ,m>*al ,vielleville4 ,)9 ! citadel 0 ! old *ur* ( ,/4 ,pi]re1 "o ( ^? m9or works ( great beauty :i* are (t5 ov]look$ :5 summ+ up ! treasures ( a ca!dral t[n4 ,! old *ur* dat$ orig9ally f ! sev5? c5tury1 ?\gh recon/ruct$ anew 9 ! t5?1 & aga9 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! walls ( ! surr\nd+ =tifications are ( inconte/able antiquity4 ,b5ea? ! pavem5t ( ! *apel h rec5tly be5 f\nd fragm5ts ( sculptur$ /one dat+ f ,m]ov+ian times4 ,x 0 dur+ a dang]\s illness at ,metz t ,l\is ,,xv4 is said to h made ! v[ :i* l$ to ! erection ( t pagan-look+ /ructure1 ! *ur* ( ,sa9te ,g5vive1 m commonly kn[n z ! ,pan!on1 at ,p>is4 ,x is ! l>ge/ mod]n *ur* 9 ,france1 if1 inde$1 "o c really consid] x to-day z a *ur*4 ,metz1 be=e its annexation by ,g]many1 0 z ,fr5* z ,reims or ,troyes4 ,_m ( ! natives ( ! city h s9ce left1 b !y h be5 replac$ by ,g]mans1 s ! population has n suff]$ 9 numb]s4 ,( a population ( =ty-five ?\s&1 !re are tw5ty-f\r ?\s& soldi]s4 ,hotels1 %ops1 & cafs h become ,g]maniz$1 b1 curi\sly en\gh1 _m1 if n ne>ly all1 ( ! cab-driv]s speak ,fr5*1 & ,fr5* money passes curr5t ev]y:]e4 ,c]ta9 re/aurants pres]ve :at !y call ! traditions de la cuis9e franaise1 & 9 ! municipal !atre a company ( ,fr5* play]s come f ,nancy ?ree times a week 9 ! w9t] season4 ,metz1 "o ( ! ?ree anci5t bi%oprics ( imp]ial ,lorra9e1 n[ =ms a "p ( ,elsass-,lo?r+51 :]e ! ,g]man ,emp]or reigns z emp]or & n m]ely z ,k+ ( ,prussia4 ,! *ur*es ( ,metz %[ v little ( ,romanesque influ5ces1 ?\gh x is inde$ /rong 9 *ur*es dat+ f ! ?irte5? c5tury onw>d4 ,e>ly ,go?ic 9 ne>ly e %ade ( excell5ce is to be f\nd 9 ! *ur*es ( ,metz1 f ! ca!dral *ur* ( ,/4 ,/eph5 d[nw>ds1 &1 because ( ?is1 x is ! ,cont95tal city :]e ! developm5t ( ! /yle c be mo/ ?or\ghly /udi$ & appreciat$4 ,9 _m cases !re are only fragm5ts1 at lea/1 t :i* is to be admir$ is m or less fragm5t>y2 b1 9 spite ( t1 !y are none ! less preci\s & valuable z a record4 ,besides its *ur*es1 ,metz has1 9 its anci5t donjon or ca/le-keep1 a s+ul>ly impressive monum5t ( its pa/ greatness1 :i* /&s 9 ! ,geisb]g/rasse1 or ! ,rue de ,*vremont1 z ! /reet is call$ by ! ,fr5*1 = ,metz1 l ,/rasburg & ! o!r cities & t[ns ( poor r5t ,alsace & ,lorra9e1 is ev5 yet a muddle ( ,fr5* & ,g]man prop] names4 ,?is great pile 0 d\btless ! =m] royal %elt] ( ,!odoric & o!rs ( 8 l9e4 ,to-day ,metz is mo/ly a city ( /rategic =tifications2 b ?is is b "o aspect1 & ! seat ( ! r5[n$ bi%opric ( ,lorra9e has 9 its ca!dral *ur* an ecclesia/ical monum5t ( almo/ supreme rank4 ,/4 ,/eph5's ,ca!dral is a va/ /ructure ( qua9t & almo/ grotesque outl9e1 :5 se5 f across ! ,moselle4 ,its *ief di/9ction1 at fir/ glance1 is its height1 :i* seems to dw>f all its o!r proportions2 b 9 reality x is att5uat$ 9 none ( its dim5sions1 & its cl]e/ory is hugely impressive1 :]e "o s (t5 f9ds ?is feature a m]e range ( %all[ w9d[s4 ,among ! great *ur*es ( ,nor!rn ,europe1 ! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,/eph5 /&s ?ird1 x be+ surpass$ only by ! ca!drals ( ,beauvais & ,cologne4 ,?is fact is frequ5tly ov]look$1 & ord9>ily ,metz w\ld be class$ ) t second>y gr\p :i* includes ,reims1 ,b\rges1 & ,n>bonne2 b s accurate an au?ority z ,pr(essor ,freeman v\*es = ! /atem5t4 ,! cl]e/ory1 ( a prodigi\s height1 is borne al(t by a s]ies ( r squat-look+ pill>s1 b aga9 figures demon/rate t ! ca!dral at ,metz is truly "o ( ! wond]s ( its k9d4 ,!re is a nor? t[] :i* is1 or 01 a "p ( ! civic e/abli%m5t z well1 9 t x conta9$ an al>m-bell1 simil> to ^? employ$ 9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 kn[n z ,la ,mutte4 ,tw9 t[]lets /raddle ! nave ( ! ca!dral 9 a q unexpla9able mann]4 ,altoge!r ! build+ has a mo/ rem>kable & n :olly beautiful sky-l9e1 to :i* "o mu/ become accu/om$ be=e x is :olly lov$4 ,decid$ly ! lea/ likable portion ( ! ext]ior ( ,/4 ,/eph5's is ! we/ front1 :i* is decid$ly incongru\s1 :]eas 9 mo/ places x is ! we/ front t %9es & is truly brilliant4 ,c]ta9ly1 9 ?is respect ,metz does n foll[ t ,fr5* tradition :i*1 9 its ,go?ic *ur*es1 x o!rwise obeys4 ,/4 ,/eph5's really rises to almo/ a supreme height4 ,x has be5 said to exce$ t ( ,ami5s & ,beauvais1 b ?is is manife/ly n s1 =1 if ! figures are correct1 x is "s sev5 feet l[] ?an ,ami5s & tw5ty l[] ?an ,beauvais4 ,/ill1 x rises to a d>+ height1 & its walls ( glass1 ) _! enorm\sly tall cl]e/ory w9d[s1 only acc5tuate its air9ess & grace4 ,?is la/ quality is rem>kable 9 ,go?ic ar*itecture ( s e>ly a p]iod1 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,at ,/4 ,ou5 at ,r\51 to :i* its op5ness may be comp>$1 & p]haps to ,gl\ce/] 9 ,engl&1 ! "w is ( a mu* lat] date4 ,! int]ior ( ,/4 ,/eph5's pres5ts an equally m>k$ effect ( height & brilliancy1 ) p]haps an exagg]ation ( ! ample cl]e/ory at ! exp5se ( ! tri=ium4 ,!re is a rem>kable symmetry 9 ! nave & its aisles2 & its /rong columns1 ) _! %aft+ ris+ to ! ro( gro9s1 %[ a me?od ( con/ruction s d>+ t mod]n build]s c]ta9ly w\ld n c>e to copy x4 ,! glass ( ! great cl]e/ory w9d[s 9 ! *oir dates only f ! sixte5? c5tury1 & 0 design$ by "o ,b\s* ( ,/rasburg4 ,! w9d[s ( ! nor? & s\? transepts are exce$+ly brilliant specim5s ( ! m$ival glass-work]s' art4 ,!re are "s fragm5t>y rema9s1 9 ! cl]e/ory ( ! nave1 ( glass ( a mu* e>li] p]iod ?an t 9 ! *oir1 possibly contempor>y ) ! fabric itself 7?irte5? c5tury74 ,if ?is is s1 x is ( ! utmo/ value1 wor?y to be admir$ ) ! gold & jewell$ treasures ( ! ca!dral's sacri/y4 ,9 ! sacri/y !re us$ to be ! r+ ( ,arnulphe & ! mantle ( ,*>les ! ,great1 b d\bts h be5 ca/ ^u ! latt]1 & ! =m] has disappe>$4 ,!re is1 some:]e ab\t ! prec9cts ( ! ca!dral1 a weird effigy ( a mon/] kn[n z ! ,grauly1 :i*1 l ! ,t>asque at ,t>ascon & ! dragon ( ,/4 ,b]tr& de ,comm+es1 is a made-up1 !atrical prop]ty :i* ev5 9 its symbolism is ludicr\s 9 its false s5tim5t4 ,besides ,metz's ca!dral1 !re is ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,v9c5t on an isl& 9 ! riv]1 :i* lacks ori5tation & faces almo/ due s\?4 ,x is z di/9ctly a ,g]man type ( *ur* z ! ca!dral is ,fr5*2 b ?is is m z reg>ds its outl9e ?an any?+ else1 = its ,go?ic is v1 v good4 ,its int]ior is dignifi$1 b graceful1 ?\gh x lacks a tri=ium4 ,/4 ,m>t9's is a small] *ur*1 b is contempor>y ) ,/4 ,/eph5's & ,/4 ,v9c5t's 7?irte5? c5tury74 ,/4 ,maxim9's is a /ill small] edifice1 & w\ld be call$ ,romanesque if ,g]man did n suit x bett]4 ,x resembles some:at ! p>i% *ur*es se5 9 ! c\ntry-side 9 ,engl&1 & is 9 no way rem>kable or highly int]e/+1 if we except ! tall c5tral t[]4 ,/4 ,eu*>ius's & ,/4 ,sagelone's complete ! li/ ( ! unatta*$ *ur*es ( ,metz2 ,/4 ,clem5t's be+ b an attribute ( ! ,jesuit college4 ,/4 ,eu*>ius's /&s ne> :at we w\ld call ! ,g]man ,gate1--locally kn[n z ,deuts*es ,?or1 or ! ,porte des ,allem&s1--a m$ival gateway built into1 or built ar\nd1 r1 by ! mod]n =tifications ) :i* ! city is protect$4 ,! *ur* is mo/ l(ty = its size4 ,its pi] ar*es are ( great proportions1 & its cl]e/ory1 l ,/4 ,/eph5's itself1 is ( m ?an ord9>ily ample dim5sions4 ,!re is no tri=ium4 ,/4 ,sagelone's rema9s practically a pure ,go?ic example ( its "t1 r lat] ?an ! re/ ( its k9d 9 ,metz4 ,x has "s f9e col\r$ glass1 9 spite ( ! fact t its antiquity _c be v great4 ,/4 ,clem5t's is a dep5d5cy ( ! ,jesuit in/allation1 :i* reflects m cr$it ^u t ord] ?an has usually be5 accord$ !m 9 ! arts ( *ur*-build+4 ,x is a m or less incongru\s comb9ation ( ! ,italian & ,go?ic /yles1 b bl5d$ ) su* a consummate skill t ! effect c b be admir$4 ,9 =m ,/4 ,clem5t's is frankly a ,hall5kir*e1 ) ! ?ree naves ( equal height4 ,9 g5]al ! nave is late ,go?ic1 ) ! m>k$ trac]y ( its "t 9 its f5e/ration4 ,! capitals ( ! pi]s1 support+ ! ar*es betwe5 ! nave & its aisles1 are /ately b heavy1 accord+ to ,go?ic /&>ds1 & appe> misplac$1 luxuri\s ?\gh !y und5iably are4 ,/4 ,clem5t's is suppos$ to resemble ! v>iety ( ,go?ic :i* has be5 employ$ 9 ,sicily1 :]e ,go?ic ( ! be/ 0 kn[n1 b 0 us$ 9 conjunction ) o!r details1 :i* really add$ no?+ to its value or beauty z a di/9ct /yle4 ,"o leaves ,metz ) ! memory full ( visions ( _m *ur*es & mu* soldi]y ( ! conv5tional ,g]man type4 ,!re is pl5ty1 9 all ( ^! t[ns1 to rem9d "o ( bo? ,france & ,g]many4 ,9 ! geography ( o!r times1 ,metz 0 ,lo?>+ian2 b ,fr5* 0 v e>ly ! language ( ! city1 & its prelates & *ur*m51 :5 !y did n use ,lat91 spoke only ! ,fr5* tongue1 & fell "u ,fr5* influ5ces4 ,!re=e x 0 b natural t ! type ( ,metz's pr9cipal *ur* %\ld h fav\r$ ! ,fr5* /yle1 ev5 ?\gh x develop$ ,g]man t5d5cies4 ,,xi ,,spey] ,:5 ,*ri/ianity p5etrat$ into ! va/ & popul\s prov9ces ( ,g]many1 ! ,franki% k+s fav\r$ its progress & f\nd$ ^u ! banks ( ! ,rh9e _m religi\s e/abli%m5ts4 ,dagob]t ,i41 ,k+ ( ,au/rasia1 built ! fir/ *ur* at ,spey]1 ^u ! ru9s ( a temple :i* ! ,romans _h consecrat$ to ,diana4 ,:51 at ! beg9n+ ( ! elev5? c5tury1 ?is e>ly /ructure fell 9 ru9s1 ?anks to ! b\nty ( ,conrad ,,ii41 ano!r ( f> great] & m beautiful proportions 0 erect$4 ,! idea ( a new edifice 0 propos$ to ,wal?\r1 !n bi%op1 :o1 l _m ( 8 fell[ prelates ( ! "t1 0 himself an ar*itect ( no mean atta9m5ts4 ,! difficult art ( *ur*-build+ _h no secrets f ! bi%op1 & he set ab\t ! "w =?)1 & ) ard\r4 ,he work$ ?ree ye>s ^u ! plans1 & on ! #ab? ( ,july1 #ajcj1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! vassals & seigneurs ( ! c\rt1 ! emp]or laid ! f\ndation-/one ( ! pres5t ca!dral1 & decl>$ t ! *ur* %\ld s]ve z ! sepul*re ( ! pr9ces ( 8 race4 ,twelve tombs 7 prep>$ b5ea? ! *oir1 :i* itself is kn[n z ! ,*oir ( ! ,k+s1 9 ! same way z ! ca!dral itself has come to be kn[n z ! ,ca!dral ( ! ,emp]ors4 ,eight emp]ors & ?ree empresses h be5 plac$ )9 ^! tombs3 ,conrad ,,ii41 ,h5ry ,,iii41 ,h5ry ,,iv41 ,h5ry ,v41 ,philip ( ,suabia1 ,rudolph ( ,hapsburg1 ,alb]t ( ,au/ria1 ,adolph ( ,nassau1 ! wife ( ,conrad ,,ii41 ,b]?a1 ! un=tunate companion ( ,h5ry ,,iv41 & ,beatrice1 ! wife ( ! great ,b>b>ossa4 ,above ! tombs ( ! emp]ors "o may read ! foll[+ ,lat9 inscription3 ,filius hic--,pat] ,hic--,avus ,hic--,proavus jacet i/ic--,hic proavi conjux--,hic ,h5rici ,s5ioris4 ,! ca!dral ( ,spey] 0 f> f be+ complet$ at ?is "t1 b ! new bi%op1 ,siegfri$1 0 a no less able ar*itect ?an 8 pr$ecessor1 & he direct$ ! "w ) zeal & tal5t4 ,illu/ration ,already ! pr9cipal body ( ! *ur* 0 re>+ itself skyw>d1 & 9 #ajfj ! edifice 0 practically complete1 aft] ?irty ye>s ( p]sev]+ ef=t4 ,x is a biz>re sort ( a *ur* z se5 to-day1 & mu/ always h _h mu* ! same "*2 /ill x is ( a /yle :i* gave bir? to a new & di/9ct movem5t 9 ca!dral build+1 & ! au?orities h decl>$ t ! ?ree edifices f\nd$ by ! ,emp]or ,conrad1 ! ca!dral ( ,spey]1 ! collegiate *ur* ( ,/4 ,guidon1 & ! mona/]y ( ,limburg1 7 ! f\ndations ( a new s*ool ( ecclesia/ical ar*itecture1 & ! envy ( all ! o!r prov9ces ( ! ,empire4 ,! ca!dral 0 consecrat$ "u ,bi%op ,eg9h>d1 & imm$iately all *ur*-build+ ,europe w5t into raptures ov] x1 its proportions & dim5sions1 its f9e plan1 its six spires1 & ! magnific5tly spaci\s arrangem5t ( its transept & apside4 ,9 #aaei ! fabric suff]$ mu* f fire1 b be=e a decade _h pass$ x 0 re/or$ 9 su* a mann] t ! *ur* aga9 /ood complete4 ,ano!r fire foll[$ 9 #aahi1 & 9 #adej yet ano!r ( /ill great] ext5t1 & only ! holy vessels1 ! reliqu>ies1 & ! alt> ornam5ts 7 sav$ f ! flames4 ,bi%op ,re9hold1 ( ,helm/adt1 & ! *apt]1 set ab\t =?) to rebuild ! ca!dral1 &1 :ile its a%es 7 /ill sm\ld]+1 !y took a v[ to make x m beautiful ?an be=e4 ,! bi%op wrote a lett] to ,pope ,boniface ,,viii41 on ! occasion ( 8 jubilee 9 ! same ye>1 & obta9$ a pontifical decree t all :o gave f9ancial help t[>d ! erection ( ! new ca!dral %\ld be bless$ ) ! same indulg5ce z ^? :o visit$ ! tombs ( ! apo/les at ,rome4 ,! bi%op lo/ no "t1 & 8 ag5ts w5t =? into all ,g]many to get funds to rerect ! sepul*ral *ur* ( ! emp]ors4 ,!y 7 receiv$ fav\rably1 & tw5ty-"o ?\s& gold5 flor9s furni%$ ,bi%op ,re9hold ! means ( c>ry+ out 8 project4 ,aft] ! w>s ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 ,spey] 0 sack$1 pillag$1 & burn$1 ! /urdy walls ( ! ca!dral aga9 fell1 & only 9 ! eighte5? c5tury 0 x re/or$4 ,= a long "t1 only ! *oir 0 rebuilt1 ! nave be+ neglect$ up to #aggb1 :5 ,bi%op ,augu/ ( ,limburg und]took to re/ore ! entire edifice1 :i*1 consid]+ t he did x 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 he did comp>atively well4 ,! *oir & nave reflect1 consid]ably1 ! _s ( ! middle ages4 ,! faade alone indicates ! false ta/e ( ! p]iod 9 :i* x 0 re/or$4 ,9 g5]al ! ext]ior decoration is simple & rem>kable = its int]e/4 ,! int]ior 0 wisely re/or$ 9 #ahbc1 & %[s a s]ies ( mural decorations ( m ?an usual excell5ce1 & ! /atue ( ,rudolph ( ,hapsburg1 a mod]n "w by a pupil ( ,?orwalds5's1 is less (f5sive ?an might be suppos$4 ,9 ,spey]'s ca!dral are an elaborate s]ies ( frescoes by ,s*raudolph1 =m+ a "p ( ! ext5sive r5ovation und]tak5 by ,maximilian ,,ii4 ( ,bav>ia4 ,! cloi/]1 built 9 #adcg1 exi/s no m4 ,! bapti/]y is a curi\s octagonal edifice ornam5t$ ) eight columns & surm\nt$ by a dome4 ,x is light$ by eight n>r[ w9d[s4 ,! orig9 ( ! bapti/]y is 9 dispute2 b1 :ile d\bts are likely en\gh to be ca/ ^u ! ass]tion1 x is repeat$ "h1 on ! /r5g? ( ! op9ion ( _m au?orities1 t x may h desc5d$ f ! "t ( ,dagob]t4 ,!re are num]\s grotesque c>v+s1 :i* ornam5t ! ca!dral 9 its v>i\s p>ts1 & :i* h ev] be5 ! despair ( antiqu>ians z to _! mean+4 ,9 "o place on ! ext]ior ( ! apside is a que]ly repres5t$ mle betwe5 gnomi% figures ( m5 & bea/s ) human heads4 ,& aga91 9 ! nave1 !re is a figure ( a dw>f ) a long be>d1 ) a sort ( helmet on 8 head1 & a sword at 8 side4 ,if he is suppos$ 9 any way to repres5t ! ,*ur* militant1 ! symbolism is badly express$4 ,/4 ,b]n>d prea*$ ! ,crusades "h 9 ! pres5ce ( ,conrad ,,iii41 ( ,hoh5/auf51 :o 0 s inspir$ by ! en?usiasm ( ! holy man t he took ! cross himself4 ,x 0 9 ! ca!dral ( ,spey]1 too1 t ,/4 ,b]n>d add$ to ! canticle ( ,salva ,reg9a ^! words1 ,o ,clem5s6 ,o ,pia6 ,o ,dulcis ,virgo ,m>ia1 :i* h s9ce be5 sung 9 all ! ,roman *ur*es ( ! univ]se4 ,an anci5t leg5d rec\nts h[ "o day ,/4 ,b]n>d _h come late to ! *ur*1 :5 ! /atue ( ! ,virg9 cri$ out to him3 ,o ,b]nh>de1 cur tum t>de8 & t ! sa9t1 ) v little respect on ?is occasion1 repli$3 ,muli] taceat 9 ecclesia4 ,s9ce t "t1 says ! leg5d1 ! ,madonna has nev] spok54 ,,xii ,,c>lsruhe1 ,,d>m/adt1 ,,& ,,wiesbad5 ,c>lsruhe ,c>lsruhe is mod]n1 v mod]n1 & is a fav\rite re/+-place ) ^? :o w\ld /udy ! language & cu/oms ( ,g]many4 ,9 fact1 !re is n mu* else to attract "o1 except a c]ta9 conv5tional society air1 :i* seems to p]vade all ( its two score ?\s& inhabitants4 ,! ar*itectural treasures ( ! city mo/ly be> eighte5?-c5tury dates1 f ! great monum5tal gateway1 by :i* "o ent]s ! city1 & on :i* "o reads1 ,regnante ,c>olo ,fr$]ico1 ,m4,b41 ,s4,r4,i4,p4,e41 to ! ,academy ( ,f9e ,arts1 really ! mo/ beautiful /ructure ( ! city1 :i* dates only f #ahde1 ?\gh reproduc+ ! ,byzant9e /yle ( ! e>ly ages4 ,! great palace design$ by ,we9brunn] bran*es out l ! leaves ( a fan1 &1 if n ! equal ( ,v]sailles or ,fonta9ebleau1 sugge/s !m n a little 9 g5]al effect4 ,! two *ief *ur*es ( ,c>lsruhe are 9 no way great ecclesia/ical edifices1 or ( any intr9sic arti/ic wor? :atev]4 ,bo? ! pr9cipal ,prote/ant place ( wor%ip & ! ,ca?olic edifice are f ! designs ( ,we9brunn]1 & are a confus$ mixture ( pretty mu* all ! well recogniz$ details ( /yle1 ) no conv9c+ features ( any4 ,!y are pret5ti\s1 gaudy1 & q out ( keep+ ) religi\s feel+4 ,! ,ca?olic edifice is a poor1 unga9ly imitation ( ! ,pan!on at ,rome1 :i* reflects no dignity ^u its au?or or ! religion :i* x h\ses4 ,! ,prote/ant *ur* has its faade ornam5t$ ) six ,cor9?ian columns--a weakly pseudo-classic /yle--:i* lead up to a t[] :i* w\ld be suitable en\gh to a c\ntry-side ,g]man p>i% *ur*1 b :i*1 9 a prosp]\s & gay little metropolis ( pleasure1 l ,c>lsruhe1 is unappropriate & unfeel+1 p>ticul>ly :5 "o recalls t x is a mod]n build+ :i* "o contemplates4 ,! w9d[ op5+s1 too1 recall r ^? ( a dwell+-h\se ?an ( a religi\s edifice4 ,s1 :5 all is said & done1 !re is n mu* 9 fav\r ( ,c>lsruhe's *ur*es4 ,"o l9k b9ds ,c>lsruhe ) ! traditions ( ecclesia/ical art 9 ,g]many1 & t is a mo/ acceptable /atue ( ,erv9 von ,/e9ba*1 ! ma/]-build] ( ,/rasburg's ca!dral4 ,x flanks ! pr9cipal portal ( ! ,polyte*nic ,s*ool4 ,d>m/adt ,?\gh m anci5t ?an ,c>lsruhe1 ,d>m/adt has a prosp]\s mod]n appe>ance1 & consequ5tly lacks ^? lovable qualities ( a tumble-d[n m$ival t[n :i* usually surr\nd ar*itectural treasures ( ! fir/ rank4 ,! ,/ad?aus1 or ,htel de ,ville1 dates f ! fifte5? c5tury1 & ! ,palace f #afje 79 its recon/ruct$ =m72 b !re is no?+ ( suffici5t int]e/ ab\t ! *ur*es to w>rant ! devotee ( ecclesia/ical ar*itecture ev] sett+ foot )9 _! doors4 ,z delightful little cities1 ) tree-bord]$ prom5ades & a g5]al air ( prosp]ity & mod]nity1 ,c>lsruhe & ,d>m/adt are well en\gh2 b1 z ! sett+ = religi\s %r9es1 !y are ( no importance4 ,beh9d ! ,/ad?aus1 9 ! old t[n1 w be f\nd ! ,prote/ant place ( wor%ip4 ,x is 9 unconv9c+ ,go?ic1 ) no?+ rem>kable ab\t its con/ructive elem5ts1 & little or no?+ ) respect to its details4 ,"o feature might p]haps arre/ ! att5tion4 ,?is is a retable ( ! conv5tional or?odox =m :i* occupies ! usual place--ev5 9 ?is ,prote/ant *ur*--at ! end ( ! *oir4 ,! ,ca?olic *ur* is situat$ on a great rectangul> op5 place1 kn[n z ! ,wilhelm95 ,platz4 ,x is a rec5t con/ruction1 & accord+ly atroci\s4 ,9 =m x is an enorm\s rotunda1 "o hundr$ & ?irty-f\r feet 9 circumf]5ce1 light$ by a %aft 9 ! c5tre ( its imm5se cupola4 ,! por* by :i* "o ent]s ?is r pagan-look+ /ructure is simple1 & by f> ! mo/ graci\s feature ( ! edifice4 ,on ! frieze "o reads1 9 great gold5 lett]s1 ! s+le ^w ,deo4 ,9 ! lunette :i* surm\nts ?is por* is a sculptur$ figure ( ! ,virg9 betwe5 two ador+ angels1 & on a m>ble tablet is engrav$3 ,,ludovico ,,hassi ,,et ,,ad ,,rh5um ,,magno ,,duci ,,patri ,,patriae ,! int]ior1 m ev5 ?an t ( ! *ur* at ,c>lsruhe1 is a weak imitation ( ! ,pan!on at ,rome4 ,! great dome is upheld by tw5ty-eight enorm\s ,cor9?ian columns1 b ! walls are b>e & )\t ornam5t ( any sort4 ,! only accessory ) any pret5ce at arti/ic expression is ! alt>4 ,x is ei!r rem>kably f9e1 or else x looks s 9 comp>ison ) its b>e surr\nd+s4 ,wiesbad5 ,a conv5tional acc\nt ( ,wiesbad5 w\ld read some?+ z foll[s3 ,wiesbad51 ! capital ( ! ,du*y ( ,nassau1 is ab\t an h\r's drive by road f ,may5ce & ?ree f ,frank=t4 ,x lies 9 a valley1 encircl$ by l[ hills1 beh9d :i*1 on ! nor? & nor?we/1 rises ! range ( ! ,taunus ,m\nta9s1 ^: d>k foliage =ms an agreeable contra/ to ! bright] gre5 ( ! mead[s & ! :ite build+s ( ! t[n4 ,)9 ! la/ few ye>s sev]al new /reets h be5 erect$2 ! ,wilhelm/rasse1 front+ ! prom5ades1 w\ld be> a comp>ison ) "s ( ! f9e/ /reets 9 ,europe4 ,su*1 9 fact1 is ! description :i* usually op5s ! acc\nts "o reads 9 ! books ( travel ( a half or ?ree-qu>t]s ( a c5tury ago4 ,to-day ,wiesbad51 z a wat]+-place1 d\btless reta9s all ! virtues t x =m]ly possess$2 b fa%ionable invalids h des]t$ ,wiesbad5 = ,homburg4 ,all ?is is ( c\rse q ap>t f ! consid]ation ( great *ur*es2 b great *ur*es1 = t matt]1 7 q ap>t f ! consid]ations ( mo/ ( ! visitors to ,wiesbad54 ,! city possesses1 h[ev]1 a v satisfactory mod]n ,ca?olic *ur*1 ! "w ( ! ar*itect ,h(fmann4 ,x w n take rank ) ! m$ival ma/]pieces ( _m o!r places1 b x demon/rates1 z has only seldom be5 demon/rat$1 t x is possible to make a v satisfactory *ur* build+ ( to-day by copy+ pleas+ details ( o!r times4 ,7 x n t x is built 9 ! r$ s&/one ( ! c\ntry1 ?is f9e edifice w\ld be ev5 m effective4 ,x is n a ?or\ghly consi/5t /yle t "o sees4 ,!re is ,byzant9e1 ,romanesque1 & av[$ly ,go?ic details sup]impos$ "o ^u ano!r2 b ?is is (t5 se5 9 ! ma/]pieces ( o!r times1 &1 s long z ! v>ieties are n put into qu>rell+ relation%ip ) ea* o!r1 x is p]haps all[able4 ,!re is a triangul> p$im5t above ! gr& portal :i* is c]ta9ly mo/ s+ul>1 & may h be5 a product ( ! au?or's fancy alone4 ,no?+ exactly simil> is rememb]$ else:]e4 ,9 ! ma91 h[ev]1 ! :ole /ructure is rem9isc5t ( mu* t1 drawn f v>i\s s\rces1 is ! be/ ( its k9d4 ,! int]ior is divid$ into ?ree naves by num]\s great & small pill>s ( a polygonal =m1 ! capitals only be>+ any traces ( modell+4 ,! high alt> is decorat$ ) "s good sculptures1 & !re are a s]ies ( pa9t+s1 :i* might be mod]n1 or might be anci5t1 s f> z _! unconv9c+ m]its g4 ,( ! attraction ( ! wat]s & ! pleasures ( ! society f\nd at ,wiesbad5 dur+ ! season1 no?+ %all h place "h1 save to rem>k t ! spr+s 7 fam\s ev5 9 ! times ( ! ,romans4 ,!re is a ,greek *apel1 built 9 #ahee1 at two kilometres f ,wiesbad54 ,9 ! /yle ( ! sacr$ edifices ( ,mosc[1 ?is *apel 0 erect$ by ! ,emp]or ( ,russia & by ! ,gr& ,duke ,adolphe ( ,nassau to s]ve z ! mausoleum ( ! ,du*ess ,elizabe? ( ,nassau1 a ,russian pr9cess4 ,illu/ration3 ,,greek ,,*apel1 ,,wiesbad5 ,?is f9e memorial 0 also ! "w ( ! ar*itect ,h(fmann1 &1 ?\gh biz>re & unbeautiful en\gh f c]ta9 po9ts ( view1 x is a highly successful transplant+ ( an exotic4 ,illu/ration ,,xiii ,,heidelb]g ,,& ,,mannheim ,heidelb]g ,z ! anci5t capital ( ! ,l[] ,palat9ate1 ,heidelb]g e>ly came into great prom95ce1 ?\gh _m ( ! details ( its e>ly hi/ory are lo/ 9 obscurity4 ,! ,romans h left traces ( _! passage1 b ! hi/ory ( ! e>ly ye>s ( ,*ri/ianity is b vaguely surmis$4 ,conrad ( ,hoh5/auf51 bro!r ( ! r$-be>d$ ,fr$]ick1 came "h1 9 #aadh1 z ! fir/ ,c\nt ,palat9e ( ! ,rh9e4 ,! ru9s ( :at is suppos$ to h be5 8 once fam\s *teau are yet to be se5 on ! ,geissb]g4 ,9 #abbh ,heidelb]g 0 decl>$ ! capital ( ! ,palat9ate "u ,otto ( ,wittelsba*1 & became ! resid5ce ( ! ,electors1 :o1 = five hundr$ ye>s1 inhabit$ t o!r & m popul>ly fam\s *teau1 :i* is kn[n to all travell]s on ! ,rh9e z ! ,ca/le ( ,heidelb]g4 ,9 #agbd1 !y *ose ,mannheim z _! (ficial resid5ce4 ,few cities ( ,europe h s frequ5tly und]gone su* horrors ( civiliz$ w>f>e1 if w>f>e ev] is civiliz$1 z has ,heidelb]g1 ?\gh mo/ly x is associat$ 9 ! popul> m9d ( p]sonally conduct$ t\ri/s z a city ( w9e & be] dr9k+ & g5]al revelry & mir?4 ,! city has be5 five times bomb>d$1 twice r$uc$ to a%es1 & ?ree times tak5 by assault & pillag$4 ,to-day1 x has recov]$ f all ^! disa/]s & takes its place z "o ( ! mo/ brilliant ( ! small] comm]cial c5tres ( ! ,rh9e valley1 ?\gh = t matt] ,heidelb]g is situat$ "s little di/ance f ! riv] itself4 ,( ,heidelb]g's population ( p]haps tw5ty-five ?\s& s\ls1 ne>ly "o-?ird are ,ca?olics1 an exce$+ly l>ge proportion = a ,g]man t[n4 ,/4 ,pet]'s1 ! mo/ anci5t ( ,heidelb]g's *ur*es1 conta9s _m tombs ( ! ,electors4 ,9 #afic ,mlac & 8 soldi]s1 aft] hav+ ?r[n to ! w9ds1 at ,spey]1 ! a%es ( ! emp]ors1 rummag$ ab\t "h 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]1 & tore ! bones ( ! nobles f _! lead5 caskets1 ?r[+ !m broadca/ 9 ! /reets4 ,a ,fr5*man :o rem>k$ ^u ?is sacrilege =got t 8 own c\ntrym5 did ! same at ,/4 ,d5is's a hundr$ ye>s lat]4 ,! pr9cipal *ur* edifice ( ! city is ,/4 ,esprit's4 ,its ar*itecture belongs to ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 ?\gh x _c be describ$ z belong+ to any precise /yle4 ,its int]ior is divid$ into two p>ts1 :i*1 curi\sly en\gh1 7 devot$ to two di/9ct sects1 ! *oir be+ consecrat$ to ! ,ca?olics & ! nave be+ occupi$ by ! ,prote/ants4 ,j]ome ( ,prague1 a disciple ( ,john ,huss1 h>angu$ 8 believ]s 9 ?is *ur* 9 times contempor>y ) t ( ,huss himself4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! m>ket-place is a /atue ( ! ,virg91 & fac+ ! nor? side ( ! *ur* is a h\se dat+ f #adib1 kn[n to-day by ! sign ( ! ,*evali] zum ,ritt]4 ,among ! num]\s ornam5ts ( ?is f9e m$ival dwell+-h\se is to be not$ ! foll[+ inscription3 ,si ,jehova non edificet domum1 fru/ra laborant o$ificantes eam ,v4 ,s4 ,,cxxvii4--,soli ,deo gloria et p]/at invicta ,v5us4 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,heidelb]g1 z presumably all read]s ( guide-books "k1 is ! mo/ anci5t & ! mo/ celebrat$ 9 ,g]many4 ,x 0 f\nd$ by ,rob]t ,i4 9 #achf4 ,lu!r gave 8 diss]tation "h 9 #aeae1 h5ce1 s f> z its connection ) religi\s matt]s goes1 x is ( great importance4 ,its libr>y 0 "o ( ! mo/ preci\s 9 ,europe1 b ,tilly1 :o head$ ! ,bav>ians :o ent]$ ,heidelb]g 9 #afbb1 pres5t$ ! great] "p ( x to ,pope ,leo ,,xi4 ,! valuable books & manuscripts rema9$ 9 ! ,vatican1 :]e !y =m$ ! ,palat9e ,libr>y1 until ! tak+ ( ,rome by ! ,fr5* 9 #agie4 ,! r>e/ ( ! works 7 s5t to ,p>is1 :5ce !y 7 return$ to ,heidelb]g 9 #ahae4 ,! !atrical-look+ *teau ( ,heidelb]g1 :i* dom9ates ! city & all ! riv] valley r\nd ab\t1 0 built1 9 its mo/ anci5t p>ts1 by ! ,elector ,rob]t ,i41 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ?\gh1 = ! mo/ "p1 ! walls t "o gazes ^u to-day are mu* m mod]n1 hav+ be5 erect$ by ,fr$]ick ,,iv4 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,9 #afbb ! ca/le 0 ravag$ by ! ,spani>ds1 &1 "u ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ( ,france1 x 0 bomb>d$ by ,tur5ne & by ,mlac4 ,rebuilt ) /ill great] magnific5ce1 x 0 all b de/roy$ by lightn+ 9 #agfd1 s9ce :i* "t x has be5 practically ab&on$ & has become "o ( ! mo/ romantically picturesque ru9s 9 ,europe4 ,t portion ( ! edifice built by ,otto ,h5ry1 :o reign$ #aeef-ei1 is q ! mo/ beautiful ( all ! v>i\s p>ts4 ,x is kn[n z ! ,hall ( ! ,knights1 & its plan & ornam5tation is suppos$ly t ( ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,! fam\s ,heidelb]g ,tun is 9 "o ( ! great vault$ *amb]s ( ! ca/le4 ,! fir/ ( ^! utilit>ian curiosities--,rh9e w9e matures be/ 9 l>ge bodies--0 built 9 #aece1 & held #aeh1hjj bottles4 ,?is tun 0 de/roy$ 9 ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w>1 & 0 replac$ by a second :i* held #bde1agf bottles1 built by "o ,mey]1 ! coop] ( ! c\rt4 ,?is tun 0 repair$ 9 #agbh & exi/s to-day1 b its gr&eur is eclips$ by ano!r made 9 #agea1 dur+ ! electorate ( ,*>les ,!odore1 :i* has a capacity ( #bhd1jjj bottles4 ,mannheim ,! mod]n-look+ city ( ,mannheim has little ecclesia/ical treasure to int]e/ ! /ud5t1 al?\gh x is a weal?y & important c5tre4 ,illu/ration3 ,,heidelb]g & ,its ,,ca/le ,its orig9 is v remote1 & leg5d has x t x 0 ! bir?place ( a fabul\s k+ ( ! ,teutons call$ ,mannus4 ,o!rs h evolv$ its pres5t nom5clature f a ^w tak5 f ,norse my?ology mean+ ! dwell+-place ( m54 ,ei!r seems probable en\gh1 & ! read] mu/ take 8 *oice4 ,accord+ to mo/ au?orities1 ! city fir/ came into be+ 9 #gfe1 b rema9$ an insignificant hamlet up to ! "t ( ! ,elector ,fr$]ick ,,iv41 :o1 9 #afjf1 surr\nd$ x ) a city wall z a protection to ! p]secut$ ,prote/ants ( ! place4 ,he also built ! great *teau1 ! precursor ( ! pres5t va/ edifice1 :i* conta9s1 ! guide-books say1 fifte5 hundr$ w9d[s & five hundr$ rooms2 z if t 7 its *ief claim on "o's att5tion4 ,! pres5t /ructure 0 ! =m] resid5ce ( ! ,electors ( ! ,palat9ate1 &1 ?\gh b a c\ple ( hundr$ ye>s old1 is nev]!less an impos+ & int]e/+ edifice 9 m ways ?an "o4 ,to-day x is giv5 ov] to collections ( v>i\s sorts1 ,roman antiquities1 old pr9ts1 & a gall]y ( pa9t+s :i* conta9s "s good "w ( ,t5i]s & ,w\v]mans4 ,! ,m>ket & ! ,ra?aus are ! *ief ar*itectural attractions ( ?is beautifully laid-out city1 & its poor1 mean little *ur* ( ! ,ca?olic religion is by no means an edify+ expression ( ar*itectural art4 ,x is practically no?+ m ?an :at ! ,fr5* w\ld call a pavillon1 & is kn[n z ! ,unt]pfa>1 ! l[] p>i%4 ,on ! ext]ior wall "o sees ! pagan idea ( c>yatides c>ri$ out ) ,*ri/ian symbols1 two figures ( angels4 ,!re is also a m$iocre /atue repres5t+ ,fai?1 :i* x is difficult to accept z good art4 ,9 ! int]ior ! %ort1 n>r[ nave is sep>at$ f its aisles by f\r columns & two pill>s on ea* side4 ,! effect is some:at t ( a swimm+ ba?4 ,x is decid$ly un*ur*ly4 ,!re are a s]ies ( un9t]e/+ tombs1 & !re is a high alt>1 gaudily ri* ) trapp+s1 :i* w\ld be a disgrace to a /age-c>p5t]4 ,!re is little or no religi\s hi/ory connect$ ) ! city2 b su* devotional _s z exi/$1 & does exi/ to-day1 ought to h left a bett] ,*ri/ian memorial ?an t ( ! ,unt]pfa>4 ,,xiv ,,worms ,?is mo/ anci5t city 0 ! ,vormatia ( ! ,romans4 ,x 0 deva/at$ by ,attila1 & re/abli%$ by ,clovis4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5? c5tury ,brunhilda f\nd$ ! bi%opric1 & ,dagob]t e/abli%$ 8 royal resid5ce "h 9 ! ye>s foll[+4 ,aft]w>d ,*>lemagne himself made x a re/+-place _m times1 & held _m ,p>liam5ts "h4 ,9 ! t5? c5tury ,worms became a free city ( ! ,empire1 & 9 #aabb a ,concordat 0 ent]$ into betwe5 ,pope ,calixtus ,,ii4 & ! emp]or1 ,h5ry ,v41 conc]n+ ! ecclesia/ical affairs ( ! city4 ,x 0 9 ! ca!dral ( ,worms t ! fam\s ,diet ( #aeba 0 held1 :5 ,*>les ,v4 decl>$ ,lu!r a h]etic1 & bani%$ him f ! ,empire1 = :i* indignity ,lu!r is said to h rem>k$3 ,!re are at ,worms z _m devils z !re are tiles on ! ro( ( its ca!dral4 ,! city suff]$ mu* 9 ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w>1 & 9 #afhi 0 r$uc$ to a%es by ! armies ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,! ca!dral ( ,worms 0 begun 9 #iif by ,bi%op ,b\*>d1 & complet$ tw5ty ye>s lat] by ! ,emp]or ,h5ry ,,ii4 ,) its f\r f9e t[]s & its two noble domes or cupolas1 x ranks z "o ( ! really great monum5ts ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,g]many4 ,to-day1 ) its lat] additions1 x is purely ,romanesque1 ?\gh built entirely aft] #aahe1 :5 ,go?ic 0 already mak+ great /rides else:]e4 ,ev5 "h !re is a decid$ ogival developm5t to be not$ 9 ! vault+ ( ! nave4 ,l ! ca!drals at ,may5ce & ,bonn1 t at ,worms (f]s ! peculi>ity ( a d\ble apside4 ,! ea/]n t]m9ation is demi-r\nd 9 ! int]ior & squ>e outside1 :ile ! we/]ly apse is polygonal bo? inside & out4 ,! ca!dral 0 ! only /ructure ( note left /&+ 9 ! city aft] ! memorable siege ( #afhi4 ,! outl9e ( ?is ca!dral is mo/ involv$1 ) its high1 n>r[ transepts1 its two *oirs cr[n$ ) cupolas & flank$ ) f\r lance-l t[]s4 ,x is a sugge/ion1 9 a small way1 ( ! m gr&iose ca!dral at ,may5ce1 b x is by no means s picturesquely situat$4 ,! portal ( ! faade %[s "s f9e sculptures ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,"o figure has giv5 rise to mu* comm5t on ! "p ( antiqu>ies & ar*eologi/s :o h view$ x4 ,x is a female figure m\nt$ on a /range quadrup$ ( mo/ s+ul> =m1 & l no mann] ( bea/ t ev] walk$ ! e>? 9 ! fle%4 ,x has be5 ?\ght to be a symbolical allusion to ! ,que5 ,brunhilda1 & aga9 ( ! ,*ur* triumphant4 ,x may be ! =m]1 b h>dly ! latt]1 at lea/ su* symbolism is n to be se5 else:]e4 ,! int]ior is ( no special ar*itectural value1 if we except ! contra/ ( ! ogival vault+ ) ! ,romanesque treatm5t o!rwise to be obs]v$4 ,!re are num]\s tombs & monum5ts1 ! *ief be+ ( ?ree pr9cesses ( ,burgundy :o are buri$ "h4 ,! *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>t9 dates f ! twelf? c5tury1 & ,notre ,dame f ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies4 ,!y are 9 e way q z int]e/+ z ! ca!dral1 ?\gh _! walls & vaults h be5 built up anew s9ce ! sack+ ( ! city by ! ,fr5* 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! synagogue1 rec5tly re/or$1 dates1 z to its f\ndation1 f ! elev5? c5tury1 & is "o ( ! mo/ anci5t 9 all ,g]many4 ,accord+ to tradition1 a ,jewi% colony 0 e/abli%$ at ,worms #eej ye>s ,b4,c4 ,?is may or may n be well au!nticat$1--! writ] does n "k1--b no city 9 ,g]many 9 ! middle ages _h a colony ( ,jews m num]\s1 m v5]at$1 or m anci5t4 ,! ,jews ( ,g]many _h ?ree gr& ,rabbis1 "o at ,prague1 "o at ,frank=t1 & ! o!r at ,worms4 ,by ! privilege ( ! ,emp]or ,f]d9&1 ! ,rabbi ( ,worms _h prec$5ce ov] ! two o!rs4 ,!y believ$1 accord+ to a tradition>y leg5d1 t ,worms 0 a "p ( ! promis$ l&1 & x 0 said t ! ,jews' cemet]y at ,worms 0 made ( soil br\ght f ,j]usalem4 ,! w9e-gr[]s ( ,worms h giv5 ! "n ,liebfraumil* to ! w9e ( ! neighb\rhood1 p>ticul>ly t :i* is ga!r$ on ! hillside g>d5s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,our ,lady1 & )9 ! gr\nds ( ! anci5t conv5t4 ,ne> ,worms is ! anci5t abbey ( ,lors*1 kn[n 9 ! middle ages z ,laure%am & ,lorse4 ,! abbey 0 f\nd$ & d$icat$ 7#gfg-gd7 9 ! pres5ce ( ,*>lemagne1 8 wife ,hildeg>de1 & 8 two sons1 ,*>les & ,pep94 ,! *ur*es ( ,trves1 ( ,metz1 & ( ,cologne h1 z we "k1 exi/$ f v e>ly times1 & ,mat]nus1 an e>ly ,bi%op ( ,cologne1 is said to h be5 summon$ to ,rome 9 #cac to give 8 aid 9 decid+ ! ,donati/ controv]sy4 ,! olde/ ( all ^! ,rh5i% *ur* f\ndations is ?\ght to be t ( ,lors*1 ^: bi%op1 ,maximilian1 di$ a m>tyr's dea? 9 ! ye> #bhe4 ,! abbey became v weal?y1 z 0 b natural "u ! patronage ( su* celebrat$ b5efactors2 b x fell a prey to ! flames 9 #ajij1 &1 9 spite ( imm$iate re/oration1 ,lors* nev] recov]$ its anci5t spl5d\r4 ,9 #abcb x 0 incorporat$ ) ! ar*bi%opric ( ,may5ce1 & ! =m] imp]ial abbey became fir/1 a priory ( ! monks ( ! ord] ( ,citeaux1 & lat] ( ! ,premon/5trationi/s4 ,! f9e old twelf?-c5tury *ur*1 rebuilt f t ( #aajj1 has to-day become a grange1 ?\gh only ! anci5t *oir c be really said to exi/4 ,! valuable libr>y ( ,lors* 0 =tunately sav$ at ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w>1 &1 :5 ! *ur* 0 deva/at$ by ! ,spani>ds1 0 transport$ to ,heidelb]g4 ,! mona/]y at ,lors* is important z m>k+ ! transition betwe5 ! ,romanesque & ,go?ic 9 a mann] n usually associat$ ) ! ,rh9e4 ,"o obs]ves x notably 9 ! por*1 :]e ! l[] range ( r\nd-head$ arcades is surm\nt$ by a colonnade ( slop+ angul> ar*es1 :i* are c]ta9ly n ,romanesque or classical1 ?\gh1 tru? to tell1 !y resemble ! cle>ly def9$ ,go?ic ( ,france b little4 ,to-day ! *ur* ( ,lors* pres5ts no rem>kable ar*itectural features1 & is simply an attractive & picturesquely environ$ build+ conta9+ a few monum5ts wor?y ( note4 ,9 old5 times ! t[n 0 protect$ by a /rong *teau1 con/ruct$ 9 #acdh by ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,may5ce1 b no traces ( x are left to-day4 ,,xv ,,frank=t ,!re is a leg5d :i* connects ! f\ndation ( ,frank=t ) a say+ ( ,*>lemagne's :5 he 0 w>r+ aga9/ ! ,saxons4 ,hav+ =tunately escap$ an attack f a sup]ior =ce1 by cross+ ! riv] ,ma9 dur+ a ?ick fog1 ,*>lemagne ?ru/ 8 lance into ! s& ( ! riv]-bank & exclaim$3 ,x is "h t ,i w erect a city1 9 memory ( ?is =tunate ev5t1 & x %all be kn[n z ',frank5 ,fur?1'--'! ,=d ( ! ,franks4' ,! city owes its anci5t celebrity1 9 "p1 to ! cr[n+ ( ! emp]ors1 :i*1 be=e ,frank=t became an opul5t comm]cial city1 always took place "h accord+ to ! laws promulgat$ 9 #aaeb & #acef4 ,lat] ! c]emony 0 transf]r$ to ,aix-la-,*apelle4 ,! fir/ hi/orical m5tion ( ! city 0 9 #gid1 :5 ,*>lemagne convok$ a ,diet & a c\ncil ( ! ,*ur*4 ,frank=t suff]$ greatly dur+ ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w>1 9 ! ,w> ( ,succession1 & 9 ! ,revolution 9 #agic4 ,napoleon made ! city a gr& du*y 9 fav\r ( ! ,pr9ce-,primate ,*>les ( ,dalb]g4 ,( ! anci5t gateways ( ! city1 b "o rema9s to-day1 t ( ,es*5heim1 a f9e monum5t ( *>act]i/ically ,g]man features ( ! middle ages4 ,x dates f ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal attractions ( ,frank=t = /rang]s has ev] be5 ! ,jud5 ,gasse1--! /reet ( ! ,jews4 ,x dates f #affb4 ,z "o ent]s1 on ! left1 at ,no4 #adh1 is ! maison pat]nelle ( ! celebrat$ ,ro?s*ilds4 ,! ca!dral at ,frank=t is consecrat$ to ,/4 ,b>?olomew4 ,x 0 begun "u ! ,c>lov+ians & 0 only complet$ 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,at ! extreme we/]n end is a colossal t[] :i* ranks z "o ( ! late/ & mo/ notable pure ,go?ic works 9 ,g]many 7#adae-aeji74 ,its ar*itect 0 ,john ( ,ett+51 & x rises to a height ( "o hundr$ & sixty-?ree feet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,frank=t ,,ca!dral ,! faade ( ! ca!dral is entirely lack+ 9 a decorative s5se1 & ! lat]al portal1 on ! s\?1 is mu* encumb]$ by surr\nd+ /ructures1 ?\gh "o sees peep+ out "h & !re evid5ces ( a s]ies ( f9ely sculptur$ figures4 ,above ! entrance to ! cloi/] is an eque/rian /atue ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 a ma/]work ( sixte5?-c5tury ,g]man sculpture4 ,! skull ( ! apo/le is pres]v$ 9 ! *ur* prop]4 ,! g5]al plan ( ! *ur* is t ( a ,greek cross1 b ! t]m9ation :i* holds ! *oir is ( mu* n>r[] dim5sions ?an ! o!r ?ree arms4 ,! gr& nave (f]s no?+ ( rem>k1 b ! side aisle to ! "r conta9s a f9e ,ecce ,homo 9 bas-relief1 plac$ ^u ! tomb ( ! ,consul ,hirde1 :o di$ 9 #aeah4 ,un=tunately ! heads ( _m ( ! figures1 includ+ t ( ! ,*ri/1 are badly sc>r$ & brok54 ,9 ! "r transept are a s]ies ( v anci5t ,g]man pa9t+s & a numb] ( escut*eons1 col\r$ & 9 high relief1 commemorat+ b5efactors ( ! *ur*4 ,! walls 9 ! *oir are cov]$ ) anci5t frescoes ( ! frankly ,g]man s*ool4 ,!y und\bt$ly date back to ! fifte5? c5tury1 at lea/4 ,at ! "r ( ! *oir is ! tomb ( ! ,emp]or ,gun!r ( ,s*w>zburg1 :o di$ "h 9 #acdi4 ,above ! high alt> is a f9e tab]nacle1--a feature frequ5tly se5 9 ,g]man *ur*es1--( silv]-gilt4 ,to ! left is an anci5t iron grille ( rem>kable workman%ip4 ,at ! head ( ! left aisle ( ! nave is a *apel conta9+ a ,virg9 at ! ,tomb1 a col\r$ sculpture ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 surm\nt$ by a v ornate ,go?ic baldaqu94 ,9 ! left transept is ! tomb ( a knight ( ,sa*s5haus5 be>+ ! date ( #acga4 ,"h1 too1 is a some:at dismantl$ & fragm5t>y a/ronomical clock ( ! species be/ se5 at ,/rasburg4 ,! ,prote/ant *ur* ( ,/4 ,ni*olas is a f9e ogival edifice1 :i* 9 m rec5t times 0 pr(an$ by comm]cial uses4 ,x has s9ce be5 re/or$ & its r$ s&/one fabric is surm\nt$ by a f9e spire4 ,! int]ior %[s a rem>kably f9e ogival *oir z its *ief feature1 an organ-buffet c>ri$ out 9 ! same /yle1 :i* is mo/ unusual1 & a *>m+ wood5 /aircase ) an iron rail+ lead+ to a tribune at ! cross+4 ,all ( ! accessories are mod]n1 b ! effect is unque/ionably good4 ,! *ur* ( ,/4 ,leon>d dates f ! ?irte5? c5tury & possesses z its *ief ext]ior features two r dim9utive spires4 ,! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 c$$ ! site to ! city1 = ! erection ( a *ur*1 at ! above m5tion$ p]iod4 ,! *ur* ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e is ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 &1 l mo/ religi\s erections ( its age1 is 9 no way rem>kable4 ,! ext]ior1 h[ev]1 %[s a r pleas+ squ>e t[]1 :i* is surm\nt$ by an octagonal campanile4 ,! int]ior has "s f9e mod]n pa9t+s1 well pa9t$ & equally well display$4 ,! *ur* ( ,/4 ,paul 0 =m]ly a ,c>melite f\ndation4 ,x is /rictly mod]n1 & 0 only complet$ 9 #ahcc4 ,its =m is r m pagan ?an ,*ri/ian1 be+ simply a great oval1 "o hundr$ & ?irty odd feet 9 l5g? by "o hundr$ & eight 9 wid?4 ,! int]ior is surr\nd$ by a f9e ,ionic colonnade4 ,9 #ahdh ,/4 ,paul's 0 appropriat$ to ! sessions ( ! ,g]man p>liam5t1 to :i* purpose ! /ructure 0 well suit$4 ,! ,liebfrau5kir*e has a f9e ,adoration sculptur$ above its pr9cipal portal4 ,x is a good example ( ,g]man sculpture 9 /one4 ,)9 ! walls is a pa9t+ attribut$ to ,m>t9 ,s*o5 :i* m]its consid]ation4 ,illu/ration ,,xvi ,,may5ce ,may5ce has be5 v>i\sly call$ ! city ( ,gut5b]g1 & ( ! ,m9nes+]s4 ,! ,romans 9 ,augu/us's "t _h already =tifi$ x & giv5 x ! "n ( ,magontiacum4 ,ne> ,may5ce is ! c5otaph ( ,drusus1 :]e 8 a%es 7 int]r$ aft] ! fun]al oration by ,augu/us1 :o came expressly f ,rome into ,gaul = ! purpose4 ,may5ce z a ,roman colony 0 a milit>y po/ ( great importance1 & ! key to ! f]tile prov9ces wat]$ by ! ,rh9e4 ,an episcopal seat 0 e/abli%$ "h 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 b ,*ri/ianity _h a h>d /ruggle aga9/ w>s & int]nal disord]s ( _m k9ds4 ,_m times ! city has be5 deva/at$ & rebuilt4 ,9 #gah ,bi%op ,sigib]t surr\nd$ ! city by a s]ies ( walls1 & betwe5 #ige & #ajaa ,ar*bi%op ,willigis built ! ca!dral & ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,/eph51 at :i* "t ! real ,*ri/ianiz+ ( ,may5ce may be said to h begun4 ,! v5]able old ca!dral has _m times be5 batt]$ & bruis$1 & fire & bomb>dm5t h r$uc$ its orig9al =m into some:at ( a hybrid ?+1 b x rema9s to-day ! mo/ /up5d\sly impos+ & biz>re ca!dral ( all ! ,rh9e valley4 ,illu/ration ,9 g5]al its ar*itecture is decid$ly n good1 b x is int]e/+1 & !re9 lies ! *ief *>m ( a great *ur*4 ,dur+ ! siege ( ! ,fr5* ! ca!dral at ,may5ce1 9 #agic1 aga9 took fire1 & ! we/]n end ( ! ro( ( ! *oir1 ! nave1 & ! transept all succumb$4 ,= t5 ye>s x rema9$ 9 ?is /ate1 until ! ord] = re/oration came f ! omnific ,bonap>te1 !n fir/ consul4 ,9 #ahjd ! edifice 0 consecrat$ anew4 ,9 ! ye> #fcf !re 0 held at ,may5ce an assembly ( ! bi%ops ( ! ,franki% k+dom convok$ by ,dagob]t1 !n k+4 ,among ! bi%ops ( ,may5ce none _h a reputation s popul> z t ( ,/4 ,boniface1 :o _h be5 s5t out by ,pope ,gregory ,,iii4 z a mission] to ! ,rh9e c\ntry4 ,boniface _h giv5 ,pep9-le-,bref ! sacram5t at ,soissons 9 #geb1 ^u ! fall ( ! ,m]ov+ian dyna/y1 & 9 return ,k+ ,pep9 gave ! bi%opric ( ,may5ce to ,/4 ,boniface4 ,9 #hac a num]\s c\ncil met "h1 at ! ord]s ( ,*>lemagne1 "u ! presid5cy ( ,hildebold1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cologne & *apla9 ( ! holy palace at ,rome4 ,9 ! t5? c5tury ! *ur* at ,may5ce did n fall to ! sad /ate t x did else:]e4 ,ecclesia/ical writ]s ( ,france h always ref]r$ to ?is p]iod z le sicle de plomb1 b at ,may5ce x /ill /eadily approa*$ ! gold5 age4 ,may5ce 0 /ill di/+ui%$ by ! zeal ( its ar*bi%ops1 ^: good influ5ces 7 f>-rea*+4 ,"u ! episcopate ( ,/4 ,boniface & 8 imm$iate successors ! ca!dral ( ,may5ce 0 probably a wood5 /ructure1 z 7 _m ( ! e>li] *ur*es ( ! evangeliz+ p]iod 9 ,g]many & ,gaul4 ,! "w on ! m$ival ca!dral 0 complet$ by #ajcg1 "u ,ar*bi%op ,b>don1 & its consecration took place 9 pres5ce ( ! ,emp]or ,conrad ,,ii4 ,twelve ye>s aft] ?is c]emony1 ,pope ,leo ,,ix4 came to ,may5ce & held a fam\s c\ncil1 at :i* ! emp]or 0 pres5t1 accompani$ by ! pr9cipal nobles ( ! empire4 ,! ca!dral fell a prey to ! flames 9 #ajhg1 z well z ?ree o!r neighb\r+ *ur*es1 say ! old] *ronicles1 & ! anci5t /ructure disappe>$ almo/ entirely1 s f> z its orig9al outl9e 0 conc]n$4 ,ar*bi%op ,conrad ( ,wittelsba* re/or$ ! nave inside ( ?ree ye>s1 & ! monum5t aga9 took on "s ( its anci5t magnific5ce4 ,9 #aaih ,emp]or ,philip ( ,suabia1 son ( ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa1 0 solemnly cr[n$ 9 ?is ca!dral by ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,t>5taise1 ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,may5ce be+ at t "t 9 ! ,holy ,l&4 ,! twelf?-c5tury "w d\btless 0 erect$ on ! f\ndations ( ,ar*bi%op ,b>don's /ructure4 ,! re/oration ( ! transept & ! we/]n *oir foll[$1 & ! "w w5t on m or less int]mitt5tly until ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 :5 ! fabric approa*$ some:at ! appe>ance t x has to-day4 ,! complet$ /ructure 0 consecrat$ 9 #abci1 &1 save ! *apels ( ! late ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies1 ! body ( ! edifice has n greatly *ang$ s9ce t "t4 ,dur+ ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w> x became practically a ru91 h[ev]1 ?\gh its lat] rebuild+ 0 on ! orig9al l9es4 ,9 #agic ! revolution :i* sprang up 9 ,france =c$ its way to ! ,rh9e1 &1 :5 ,may5ce 0 besieg$1 ! ro( ( ! ca!dral caught fire & ! *ur* itself 0 pillag$ & pr(an$4 ,= a long "t ! old ca!dral rema9$ ab&on$1 z aft] an invasion ( b>b>ians1 :i* is ab\t :at ! revolutioni/s prov$ !mselves to be4 ,9 #ahjc ,napoleon saw fit to ord] x to be re/or$1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> x 0 return$ to its adh]5ts4 ,! anci5t metropolis1 h[ev]1 lo/ ! di/9ction :i* _h be5 giv5 to x 9 ,roman times1 & ! glory fir/ br\ght ^u x by ,/4 ,boniface laps$ :5 ! ar*-episcopal see 0 suppress$4 ,may5ce is n[ m]ely a bi%opric1 a suffragan ( ,cologne4 ,9 its g5]al plan ! ca!dral at ,may5ce foll[s ! outl9es ( a ,lat9 cross1 ?\gh its l5g? is sc>cely m ?an d\ble its wid?4 ,x is mo/ s+ul> 9 outl9e & has two *oirs1 "o at ei!r end1 z is a frequ5t ,g]man cu/om1 & ! sky-l9e is curi\sly brok5 by ! six t[]s :i* pi]ce ! air1 no two at ! same elevation4 ,!re are ?ree portals :i* give entrance f v>i\s directions4 ,!re is yet a f\r? entrance f ! m>ket-place1 :i* takes "o ?r\gh a sort ( cell> :i* is n 9 ! lea/ *ur*ly & is decid$ly unpleasant4 ,! pr9cipal nave is support$ by n9e squ>$ pill>s1 :i* are h>dly beautiful 9 !mselves1 b :i* are d\btless necess>y because ( ! great weight !y h to be>4 ,9 ! ,go?ic *oir is a heavy baldaqu9 9 m>ble1 be>+ figures ( ! twelve apo/les4 ,! high alt> is directly b5ea? ! cupola1 or lant]n1 ( ! pr9cipal t[]4 ,x is q isolat$1 & has nei!r flank+ columns nor a baldaqu94 ,on fea/-days x is brilliantly set =? ) c&elabra 9 a fa%ion :i* w\ld be !atrical1 if x 7 n *ur*ly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,may5ce ,,ca!dral ,beh9d ?is alt> is ! space res]v$ = ! cl]gy1 a some:at unusual arrangem5t1 b n a unique "o4 ,at ! extreme end is ! bi%op's ?rone4 ,! g5]al appe>ance ( ! int]ior con/ructive elem5ts w\ld seem to place ! "w z a :ole well )9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ?\gh ! extreme ea/]ly portion is m anci5t /ill4 ,!re is v little ( pure ,go?ic to be not$4 ,mo/ly ! fabric is a reproduction ( ! ,lomb>d /yle1 ?\gh mu* und5iably ,go?ic ornam5t is us$4 ,! bays ( ! nave are s+ul>ly n>r[ & ( great height1 almo/ ! rev]se ( ! pure ,italian mann] ( build+ :i* else:]e made itself /rongly felt along ! ,rh9e4 ,! height ( ^! bays is m ?an two & a half times ! wid?4 ,! bays ( ,g]man *ur*es1 9 g5]al1 h a mu* great] l5g? ?an ^? ( ,italy1 & h]e9 is a m>k$ diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,italian & ,g]man /yles 9 spite ( o!r resemblances4 ,!re are 9 ! ca!dral num]\s pa9t+s ( que/ionable arti/ic wor? & an abundance ( col\r$ glass1 :i* is condemn$ z comp>atively mod]n & ( no especial int]e/4 ,! alt> ( ,/4 ,m>t91 ) /atues ( ,/s4 ,m>t9 & ,boniface1 is ne> ! bapti/]y4 ,!re are eight lat]al *apels1 out ( fifte5 9 all1 :i* are b>e & )\t alt>s1 %[+ a pov]ty--:atev] may h be5 ! cause--:i* is deplorable4 ,9 ! ,bass5heim *apel is a rem>kable m>ble gr\p tak5 f ! *ur* ( ,notre ,dame1 a ,go?ic edifice de/roy$ dur+ ! siege ( #agic4 ,!re are num]\s & beautiful fun]al monum5ts scatt]$ ab\t ! *ur*1 ! mo/ celebrat$ be+ t :i* surm\nts ! tomb ( ,fra/rada1 ! ?ird wife ( ,*>lemagne1 :o di$ 9 #gid1 & 0 orig9ally int]r$ 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,alban4 ,! rema9s 7 remov$ to ! ca!dral :5 ! =m] *ur* 0 burn$ 9 #aeeb4 ,on ! tomb ( ,fra/rada "o may read ! foll[+ eigh?-c5tury inscription3 ,fra/radana1 pia ,c>oli conjux vocitata1 ,*ri/o dilecta1 jacet hoc sub m>more tecta1 ,anno sept+5tesimo nonagesimo qu>to1 ,quem num]um metro claud]e musa negat ,rex pie1 quem gessit ,virgo1 licet hic c9]escit1 ,spiritus ho]es sit patri qu tri/ia nescit4 ,!re are also ! tombs ( ?irty-two ar*bi%ops1--a v]itable valhalla ( *ur*ly fame4 ,mo/ly ^! tombs are ord9>y en\gh1 ^? ( ,ar*bi%op ,b]?\ld ( ,h5nb]g & ( ! doy5 ( ! *apt] be+ alone rem>kable4 ,! *apel ( ,/4 ,go?>d1 a dep5d5cy ( ! ca!dral1 0 built by ,ar*bi%op ,adelb]t ,i4 9 #aace-cf4 ,! anci5t cloi/] at ,may5ce dates f ! mid-?irte5? c5tury4 ,ar*bi%op ,siegfri$ 0 responsible = ! "w :i* 0 consecrat$ 9 ! ye> #abdc 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,emp]or ,conrad1 on ! occasion ( a synod :i* 0 be+ held at ,may5ce at t "t4 ,! cloi/]1 z x exi/s to-day1 is made up 9 "p ( ?is anci5t "w & 9 "p ( a m mod]n con/ruction1 ?is latt] be+ ! portion :i* adjo9s ! *ur* prop]4 ,! *apt]-h\se 0 built at ! end ( ! twelf? c5tury or at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5?4 ,x is a squ>e ap>tm5t cov]$ ) an ogival vault+ :i* spr+s f a range ( pill>s ) delicately sculptur$ foliag$ capitals4 ,x is decid$ly ! ar*itectural gem ( ?is composite edifice4 ,to ! nor? ( ! ca!dral1 9 ! ,speise-,m>kt1 is a rem>kably f9e f\nta91 re/or$1 or p]haps rebuilt1 9 ! sixte5? c5tury by ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,may5ce4 ,a baldaqu9 support$ by ?ree pill>s rises above a well or spr+1 & on a /one slab "o reads ! foll[+ inscription 9 lett]s ( gold3 ,divo ,k>olo ,v ,ces>e semp ,augus4 po/ victoria gallicam rege ipso ad ,tic9um sup]ato ac capto triumphante1 fatalique ru/icoru p] ,g]mnia 7sic7 cospiratione pro/rat1 ,alb]4 c>d4 et ar*iep4 ,mog4 fonte hanc vetu/ate dilapsa ad civiu suorum po/]itatisque usum re/itui curavit anno ,,mdxxvi4 ,! ,mei/]s+]s ( ,may5ce ow$ _! orig9 to ,h5ry ,misnie1 :o1 accord+ to "s au?orities1 0 a canon ( ! ,*ur*1 &1 accord+ to o!rs1 a doctor ( !ology4 ,he 0 devot$1 at any rate1 to poetry1 & 01 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 f\nd] ( ! s*ool ( ! ,ma/]-s+]s4 ,he d$icat$ a great "p ( 8 songs to ! ,virg91 8 ideal ( all t 0 pi\s & good4 ,lat] he wid5$ ! range ( 8 d$ications to include all ( ! female sex1 & beautiful wom5 9 p>ticul>4 ,he is kn[n 9 ! hi/ory ( ,g]man poetry "u ! "n ( ,h5ry von ,frau5lob4 ,8 dea? caus$ a univ]sal sorr[ among ! fair sex ( ,may5ce1 :o gave 8 fun]al su* hon\rs z 7 nev] be=e kn[n4 ,! majority ( ! great procession :i* conduct$ 8 rema9s to ! tomb1 :i* _h be5 prep>$ 9 ! ca!dral1 7 wom51 eight ( ! mo/ beautiful be>+ a cr[n ( roses1 lilies1 & myrtle4 ,?is is a pretty en\gh s5tim5t1 b x seems q inexplicable to-day4 ,hi/ory records t ! ma/]-s+]'s fav\rite dr9k 0 ! noble w9e ( ! ,rh+au1 & x is commonly suppos$ to h inspir$ _m ( 8 beautiful songs4 ,leg5d /eps 9 & says t ! naves ( ! ca!dral 7 inundat$ by ! libations :i* w5t on at ?is fun]al c]emony4 ,a mod]n :ite m>ble monum5t1 put into place 9 #ahdb1 & replac+ "o t _h previ\sly disappe>$1 /&s z a memorial to ! sweet s+] ( ! praises ( wom54 ,,xvii ,,ba*>a*1 ,,b+51 ,,& ,,rude%eim ,ba*>a* is fam\s = its leg5ds & its w9e4 ,) ! =m] is associat$ ! ru9s ( ,/4 ,w]n]'s ,*ur*1 a fragm5t ( exquisite flamboyant ,go?ic1 ?\gh built ( :at looks l a r$ s&/one4 ,! ,sw$es demoli%$ x 9 ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w>1 b ! lant]n & ! ea/]n lancet w9d[ /ill rema9 to sugge/ its =m] great beauty4 ,?is beautiful *apel 0 built z a memorial to ! *ild ,w]n]1 ^: body 0 fabl$ to h be5 ?r[n by ! ,jews1 8 suppos$ murd]]s1 into ! ,rh9e at ,ob]wesel4 ,in/ead ( float+ d[n-/ream ) ! curr5t1 x w5t up-/ream z f> z ,ba*>a*1 :]e x 0 recov]$4 ,!re is at ,ba*>a* a twelf?-c5tury *ur* 9 ! ,byzant9e /yle1 :i* is n[ a ,prote/ant temple4 ,x is an incongru\s affair 9 spite ( ! fact t ! /yle is fairly pure ( its k9d1 s f> z ! body ( ! *ur* is conc]n$4 ,surm\nt+ x is a ne$le-l spire :i* rises above ! cr5elat$ battlem5t ( its t[] 9 a mo/ fanta/ic mann]4 ,illu/ration ,! city walls h great ornam5tal & picturesque qualities1 & 71 9 =m] days1 def5d$ by twelve t[]s ( impos+ /r5g?4 ,! evolution ( ! "n ( ,ba*>a* is decid$ly non-,*ri/ian4 ,x is frankly pagan1 be+ desc5d$ f ,bac*i ara1--! alt> ( ,bac*us1--:i* 0 ! "n orig9ally giv5 to a rock 9 ! mid/ ( ! riv]1 :i*1 9 v>y+ seasons1 is sometimes cov]$ by ! flood1 & aga9 q dry4 ,:5 its surface appe>s to ! light ( day1 ! v9ey>d own] hails x z a sign ( good v9tage4 ,9 pro( ( ! quality ( ! w9es ( ,ba*>a*1 x is said t ,pope ,pius ,,ii4 us$ e ye> to h a great tun ( x br\ght to ,rome = 8 special use1 & t ! ,emp]or ,w5ceslas grant$ _! fre$om to ! citiz5s ( ,nuremb]g 9 return = f\r tuns ( ! w9e ( ,ba*>a*4 ,to-day ,ba*>a* is1 ) ,cologne1 ! great w9e c5tre ( ! ,rh9e valley4 ,asmanhaus51 a few miles up ! riv]1 is ! c5tral m>t = ! r$ w9es ( ! ,rh9e4 ,ne> ,asmanhaus5 is ,ehr5fels1 :]e ! ,ar*bi%ops ( ,may5ce _h a *teau 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! *teau is /ill !re1 b x is no?+ m ?an a magnific5t ru94 ,illu/ration3 ,bi%op ,hatto's ,m\se ,t[] ,opposite ,ehr5fels is ,b+51 ) its ,museturm4 ,! *ief s5tim5tal memory ( ,b+5 is unque/ionably ! leg5d ( ,bi%op ,hatto & 8 ,m\se ,t[] on ! ,rh9e4 ,! leg5d ( ,hatto1 v]sifi$ by ,s\!y1 has /amp$ ! memory ( ! ,m\se ,t[] & its associations s indelibly ^u ! m9d t x ov]%ad[s 9 int]e/ all else 9 ! vic9ity4 ',tis ! safe/ place 9 ,g]many2 ,! walls are high1 & ! %ores are /eep1 ,& ! /ream is /rong & ! wat] deep4 ,h[ ! rats came &-- 444:ett$ _! tee? aga9/ ! /ones ,& h[ !y pick$ ! ,bi%op's bones-- is an old /ory ) :i* *ildr5 h be5 regal$ = g5]ations pa/4 ,! great :ite ,m\se ,t[] /&s to-day on its t9y isl& 9 ! middle ( ! wat]s ( ! ,rh9e1 betwe5 ,b+5 & ,ehr5fels1 to p]petuate ! /ory1 :ile its ru9$ walls look d[n1 z !y always h1 on ! /eady fl[ ( ! ,rh9e wat]1 mak+ its way f ! place ( its bir? 9 ! ,canton ( ,grisons to ! cold wat]s ( ! ,g]man ocean (f ! coa/ ( ,holl&4 ,rude%eim ,rude%eim1 b a small t[n ( less ?an ?ree ?\s& inhabitants1 is not$ = its w9es & its ru9s4 ,its *ur*1 ?\gh a fifte5?-c5tury edifice ( m ?an ord9>y beauty1--if we except its nondescript spire1--comes decid$ly la/ 9 ! city's li/ ( attractions4 ,! rema9s ( ! f\r *teaux 9 ! neighb\rhood are ! *ief object ( ! casual t\ri/4 ,! t[n is ! c5tre ( a v9ey>d1 ! grapes be+ gr[n 9 great pr(usion ne> x4 ,! fav\rable nature ( ! locality = grape-gr[+ 0 discov]$1 x is said1 by ,*>lemagne1 :o1 rem>k+ ! rapid disappe>ance ( ! sn[ on ! slopes ab\t ,rude%eim1 decl>$ 8 belief t f9e w9e might be gr[n !re4 ,s5d+ to ,france = "s plants1 !y 7 plac$ 9 ! e>?1 & h ev] s9ce yield$ a grape wor?y ( _! p>5tage1 a grape /ill call$ ,orleans4 ,f ?is t[n ! t\ri/ may make a pleasant excursion to ! ,ni$]wald1--hav+ fir/ giv5 8 att5tion to ! hi/ory ( ,rude%eim1 once ! seat ( an imp]ial c\rt held 9 ! ,ni$] ,burg1--& scan its f\r anci5t ca/les4 ,( ^!1 "o belong$ = a "t to ,pr9ce ,mett]ni*1 :o1 h[ev]1 sold x to ,c\nt ,+elheim1 its pres5t possessor2 ano!r is picturesquely po/$ at ! upp] "p ( ! t[n1 & /ill reta9s "s curi\s relics ( ! ,broms] family1 its old possessors4 ,a tradition /ill exi/s1 tell+ h[ ,hans ,broms]1 be+ tak5 captive 9 ,j]usalem1 made a v[ to ,heav5 t if releas$ he w\ld d$icate 8 only daught] to ! s]vice ( ! ,*ur*4 ,ga9+ 8 lib]ty soon aft]w>d1 he return$ to ! ,rh9e to f9d ! *ild he _h left :5 he />t$ = ! ,crusades gr[n to womanhood2 & he le>n$ also t1 secure ( h] fa!r's sanction1 %e _h betro!d h]self to a y\?ful knight4 ,love & duty well-nigh r5t ! maid5's he>t 9 twa91 till love conqu]$1 & %e begg$ h] /]n p>5t to rel5t4 ,?is he refus$ to d1 & ?reat5$ h] ) a fa!r's curse %\ld %e m>ry4 ,despair+1 %e ?rew h]self into ! ,rh9e1 & h] body float$ d[n-/ream z f> z ,bi%op ,hatto's ,m\se ,t[]1 at ,b+54 ,?is gave rise to ano!r leg5d1 t :5 ! surface ( ! wat]s is tr\bl$ x is caus$ by ! uneasy _s ( ,broms]'s daught]1 wre/l+ ) ! dreadful fate to :i* %e 0 driv54 ,illu/ration ,,xviii ,,limburg ,! ca!dral ( ,limburg-on-,lahn1 n f>!r f ! juncture ( ! ,lahn & ,rh9e ?an is ,frank=t-on-!-,ma91 may well be consid]$ a ,rh9e ca!dral4 ,! ,lahn is by no means s p[]ful a /ream z is ! ,ma9 or ! ,neck>2 nor is x ei!r picturesque1 or ev5 important z a wat]way4 ,x has ?is "o virtue1 h[ev]3 x =ms a sett+ to ,limburg's _m-spir$ ca!dral t is truly gr&4 ,limburg play$ a great "p 9 ! middle ages1 & its orig9 goes f> back into antiquity4 ,"u ,drusus a ca/ellum 0 erect$ "h1 :i* 0 de/roy$ by ! ,franks & ! ,alemanni4 ,! c\nts ( ! l[] ,lahn prov9ce 7 among ! mo/ p[]ful 9 all ,g]many4 ,!y gave _! city ! "n ( ,roem]ca/el1 :i* "n1 to "s ext5t1 may be said to live up to to-day4 ,lat] ! ,franks call$ x ,l9tburc1 f ! little riv] ,l9!r1 :i* fl[s into ! ,lahn at ?is po9t4 ,! ca!dral ( ,limburg is ! mo/ impos+ & homog5e\s ( all ! romano-ogival edifices ( ,g]many4 ,consecrat$ to ,/4 ,george1 ?is *ur* dates f ! latt] ye>s ( ! twelf? c5tury & ! e>ly "p ( ! ?irte5?4 ,x 0 erect$ by ,c\nt ,h5ry ( ,nassau1 & replac$ two m anci5t edifices on ! same site4 ,)\t a d\bt x is a m$ival monum5t :i* /&s supreme 9 its class1 ?\gh its gr&eur comes n s mu* f m]e magnitude z x does f ! g5]al disposition ( its plan1 & ! wond]ful bl5d+ ( ! transition elem5ts :i*1 aft] all is said & done1 9 ,g]many1 are n else:]e v pron\nc$4 ,! sev5 spires & t[]s ( ?is ca!dral =m a wond]ful gr\p+ & make a sky-l9e m brok5 ?an t ( any o!r great *ur* 9 all ,europe4 ,!re is a c]ta9 symmetry ab\t ?is outl9e1 b x is n pyramidal1 aft] ! mann] ( ! ca!dral at ,bonn4 ,9 %ort1 x is rem9isc5t only ( itself4 ,illu/ration3 ,,limburg ,,ca!dral ,on ! we/ are a pair ( massive t[]s ) conical caps1 :i* give a faade at once rem>kable & di/+ui%$4 ,flank+ ! nor? transept are two small] t[]s1 & ! same arrangem5t is f\nd j opposite on ! s\?4 ,above rises ! great c5tral octagon1 surm\nt$ 9 turn by a dw9dl+ octagonal spire1 n beautiful 9 itself ) its /eeply incl9$ slate or lead ro(+1 b :i*1 "u all atmosph]ic conditions1 l5ds a h>mony to & is a key-note ( ! :ole /ructure :i* is wond]fully effective4 ,! int]ior plan is conv5tional & simple en\gh1 consi/+ ( ! usual ?ree naves1 ) an ea/]ly apse1 surr\nd$ by an ambulatory & flank+ *apel4 ,)91 z well z f ! outside1 ! effect is "o ( an ampl5ess :i* is n borne out by ! actual dim5sions1 :i* fact1 ( c\rse1 %[s mo/ able design & execution4 ,! elevation ( ! nave1 *oir1 & transepts is divid$ into f\r ranges ( op5+s1 su* z are se5 at ,soissons 9 ! ,isle ( ,france1 &1 9 a less complete =m1 9 ,notre ,dame at ,p>is4 ,?is has always be5 a d>+ proc$ure1 b 9 ?is case x has be5 c>ri$ out ) success1 & gives ! desir$ effect1--t ( ampl5ess & height4 ,9 ! cl]e/ory w9d[s are f\nd ! r\nd$ ar*es :i* m>k ! l9k :i* b9ds ! ,go?ic ar*es else:]e 9 ! fabric ) ! e>li] ,romanesque /yle4 ,! vault+ is ( ! ,go?ic ord] ?r\gh\t1 ) gracefully proportion$ %afts & full-fl[]$ capitals4 ,all ?is pres]ves ! simple elem5ts ( e>ly ,go?ic 9 s impressive a way t ! obs]v] w q ov]look1 or at lea/ make all[ance =1 ! r[ ( r\nd-head$ w9d[s al(t4 ,! tri=ium gall]y is a *>m+ feature1 & has seldom be5 f\nd s highly develop$ outside ( an e>ly ,go?ic *ur*4 ,9 g5]al ! feature is ,fr5*1 & ?is is p]haps ! only example outside ,france :i* is s rem9isc5t ( t v>iety frequ5tly to be met ) 9 ! ca!drals ( ! ,isle ( ,france4 ,! tri=ium is pi]c$ ?r\gh to ! nave by a s]ies ( d\ble n>r[ ar*es enclos$ )9 a l>g] broad-fram$ ar*1 :ile 9 ! transepts & *oir ! desir$ effect is accompli%$ by tripl$ ar*es ) ! same g5]al s*eme ( arrangem5t4 ,) reg>d to furni%+s & accessories1 ?is great ca!dral is s+ul>ly complete4 ,!re is a highly ornate pulpit 9 sculptur$ wood :i* "s w consid] ! pe] ( any se5 else:]e4 ,x is decorat$ fur!r by a s]ies ( pa9t$ wood5 /atues ( ! sa9ts1 ,ni*olas1 ,ambrose1 ,augu/91 ,gregory1 & ,j]ome4 ,!re is a f9e cu/ode cov]+ a pyx1 :i* is surm\nt$ by a fifte5?-c5tury baldaqu91 & a tomb ( a =m] canon1 ornam5t$ 9 bas-relief4 ,!re is also a pair ( baptismal fonts1 enorm\s 9 size & said to be contemporane\s ) ! f\ndation ( ! ca!dral4 ,a tomb ( ,daniel ( ,mut]sba*1 a knight :o di$ 9 #adge1 is plac$ 9 "o ( ! *apels at ! cross+1 & ne> by is a mausoleum to t ,conrad :o1 by virtue ( a *>t] giv5 by ,l\is 9 #iji1 f\nd$ ! *ur* :i* prec$$ ! pres5t edifice on ?is site4 ,x be>s ! foll[+ inscription 9 ! b>b>\s ,lat9 ( ! "t3 ,,clauditur ,,hoc ,,tumulo ,,p] ,,quem ,,nunc ,,s]vitus ,,i/o ,,fit ,,celebris ,,templo1 ,,laus1 ,,virtus1 ,,gloria ,,*ri/o4 ,,xix ,,cobl5z ,,& ,,bopp>t ,cobl5z ,x is an op5 "q z to :e!r ! *>m+ little city ( ,cobl5z is m delightful because ( itself1 or because ( its proximity to ! fam\s =tress ( ,ehr5breit/e91--! broad /one ( hon\r4 ,"h ,ehr5breit/e9 ) h] %att]'d wall ,black ) ! m9]'s bla/ ^u h] height1 ,yet %[s ( :at %e 01 :5 %ell & ball ,reb\nd+ idly on h] /r5g? did light4 ,! city occupies a mo/ romantically & hi/orically end[$ situation at ! junction ( ! ,moselle & ! ,rh9e4 ,at ,cobl5z ! sons ( ,*>lemagne met to divide _! fa!r's empire into ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,italy2 !re also ,edw>d ,,iii4 9 #acch met ! ,emp]or ,l\is1 & 0 by him appo9t$ vic> ( ! empire2 & at ,cobl5z ! ,fr5* rais$ a monum5t to commemorate ! subjugation ( ,russia4 ,soon aft] ! inscription 0 f9i%$1 ! ,russian comm&] ent]$ ,cobl5z 9 pursuit ( ,napoleon4 ,) memorable & cau/ic wit he left ! inscription z x /ood1 j add+1 ,vu et appr\v p> n\s1 ,comm&ant ,russe de la ,ville de ,cobl5ce1 ,janvi] #a;er1 #ahad4 ,"h also is ! monum5t to ! "y & gallant ,g5]al ,m>ceau1 kill$ at ! battle ( ,alt5kir*51 #agif4 ,by ,cobl5z1 on a rise ( g5tle gr\nd1 ,!re is a small & simple pyramid1 ,cr[n+ ! summit ( ! v]dant m\nd3 ,b5ea? its base are h]o's a%es hid4 ,! ,moselle1 :i* jo9s ! ,rh9e at ,cobl5z1 01 l ! ,rh9e itself1 ref]r$ to by ,cs>4 ,! pleasant valley ( ! ,moselle--inde$ x is "o ( ! pleasante/ 7:i* is a vague t]m1 b "o easily und]/ood by all7 9 all ,europe--0 celebrat$ by "o ( ! long] poems ( ,ausonius1 :o wrote 9 ! f\r? c5tury4 ,= ^? :o w\ld translate ! orig9al1 8 description w n be f\nd inapropos to-day3 ,qua sublimis apex longo sup] ardua tractu ,et rupes et aprica jugi1 flexusque s9usque ,vitibus adsurgunt naturalique !atro4 ,v9es !n1 z n[1 clo!d ! slopes ( ! hills & cliffs :i* %elt]$ ! deep-cut /ream4 ,a ,roman gov]nor ( ,gaul once propos$ to unite ! ,moselle ) ! ,sane 7z x is to-day1 by means ( ! ,canal de l',e/71 & ?us effect a wat]way across ,europe f ! ,nor? ,sea to ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,! *ur* ( ,/4 ,ca/or /&s on ! spot ( ! fam\s conf]5ce betwe5 ! sons ( ,*>lemagne4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ anci5t ( ! ,rh9e *ur*es1 & 0 f\nd$ by ,l\is ! ,pi\s 9 #hcf4 ,( ?is e>ly *ur* b little rema9s to-day except "s di/9ct features to be not$ 9 ! *oir4 ,! f\r t[]s =m a rem>kable outl9e1 & two ( !m1 at lea/ z to _! l[] ranges1 are und\bt$ly ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,9 ?is *ur* are a s]ies ( rem>kable decorations1 "o on ! wall above ! spr+ ( ! nave ar*es1 ano!r above ! entrance ( ! *oir aisle1 & yet ano!r 9 ! semicircul> ro(+ ( ! apse4 ,x may be a "q z to h[ f> su* decorations are 9 really good ta/e1 b !y c]ta9ly l5d a w>m? & brilliancy to an edifice t might o!rwise be cold & unfeel+4 ,_m are ! hi/oric incid5ts connect$ ) ?is v5]able build+4 ,! notification ( ! sons ( ,l\is ! ,pi\s took place 9 #hgj2 ! reconciliation ( ,h5ri ,,iv4 ( ,g]many ) 8 sons occurr$ 9 #aaje2 ,/4 ,b]n>d prea*$ ! ,crusades "h be=e a va/ congregation1 recruit+ = ! army = ! ,ea/ ov] "o ?\s& citiz5s ( ,cobl5z alone4 ,ne> ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,ca/or is ! h\se ( ! ,teutonic ,ord]1 ( f9e ,go?ic design1 b to-day turn$ into a milit>y magaz9e4 ,on a hill ov]look+ ! city 0 ! fam\s ,*>treuse conv5t1 ! ru9s ( :i* are n[ swall[$ up by ,=ts ,con/ant9e & ,alex&]4 ,! bridge :i* crosses ! ,moselle at ?is po9t is 9 itself a wond]ful old relic4 ,x spans ! riv] on f\rte5 ar*es1 & dates f #acdd1 save t its wat*-t[] 0 built at a lat] day4 ,! bridge ( boats :i* crosses ! ,rh9e1 on ?irty-six pontoons1 p>takes ( ! same *>act]i/ics z its bro!r at ,may5ce1 ?\gh by no means is x s celebrat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cobl5z & ,its ,,bridge ,above ,cobl5z ! ,rh9e n>r[s consid]ably1 & ! m\nta9s & hilltops draw 9 until "o's progress1 by wat]1 is almo/ z if x 7 ?r\gh a caon4 ,ni$]lahn/e9 has a f9e ru9$ *ur* 9 ,/4 ,john's1 :5ce x is b a %ort di/ance to ,bopp>t4 ,bopp>t ,bopp>t 0 ! anci5t ,b&obriga ( ! ,romans1 &1 l _m ano!r place along ! ,rh9e1 is closely l9k$ ) ! memory ( ,drusus4 ,bopp>t 0 made an imp]ial city1 & _m ,diets 7 held )9 its walls4 ,! ,hauptkir*e1 ) its tw9-jo9t$ spires1 0 built ab\t ! ye> #abjj4 ,x is ?or\ghly ,romanesque1 if we except ! spires :i* are l9k$ toge!r by a sort ( gall]i$ ve/ibule1 aft] a mann] t is nei!r ,romanesque nor any?+ else4 ,! inside gall]ies ov] ! aisles 7mnn]*re7 are int]e/+1 ?\gh by no means a unique feature 9 ,rh9e *ur*es4 ,!re is a que] int]mixture ( po9t$ & r\nd-head$ ar*es 9 bo? ! nave & *oir1 b no?+ to indicate t x 0 any?+ b a ,romanesque influ5ce t inspir$ ! build]s ( ?is n v appeal+ *ur*4 ,! ve/ibule :i* jo9s ! spires1 & ! mo/ unusual gro9+ ( ! vault+ ( ! body ( ! *ur*1 are two features :i* ! exp]t w l+] ov] & m>vel at1 b !y h n mu* int]e/ = ! lay obs]v] :o w pref] to /roll along ! riv]-bank & pick out *>m+ vi/as = 8 cam]a4 ,! conv5t ( ,m>i5burg1 :i* rises high on ! hillside back ( ! t[n1 has an anci5t hi/ory & 0 a va/ f\ndation to :i* ref]5ces are cont9ually met ) 9 hi/ory4 ,to-day x is a hydropa?ic e/abli%m5t = semi-invalids & devotees ( bridge & tea p>ties4 ,! ,c>melite *ur* conta9s "s ri*ly c>v$ sixte5?-c5tury monum5ts1 n[ some:at mutilat$1 b v beautiful4 ,! ,templeh( p]petuates ! fact t x 0 ! ,knights ,templ>s ( ,bopp>t :o fir/ m\nt$ ! brea* at ! /orm+ ( ,ptolemais 9 ! ?ird crusade4 ,?is completes ! li/ ( ,bopp>t's ecclesia/ical monum5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g5]al ,,view ( ,,bopp>t ,9 ! f\rte5? c5tury ! t[n 0 a free imp]ial city2 b1 foll[+ ^u political diss5sion ) its neighb\rs1 x 0 return$ to ! gu>dian%ip ( ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,trves4 ,previ\sly x w\ld appe> t ! inhabitants _h n be5 v religi\s1 b ! ar*bi%op 0 able to induce !m to build him a *teau "h z a place ( tempor>y resid5ce2 ! fir/ s]vice1 says ! *ronicle ( ! "t1 :i* we h r5d]$ our graci\s ma/]4 ,illu/ration ,,xx ,,laa* ,,& ,,/olz5fels ,laa* ,back ( ,cobl5z is ! *>m+ little lake ( ,laa*1 at ! o!r end ( :i* is ! picturesque b des]t$ abbey ( ,laa*1 "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$1 ar*itecturally & hi/orically1 ( all ! religi\s edifices along ! ,rh9e4 ,once a ,b5$ict9e conv5t1 x 0 pillag$ & its inmates disp]s$ dur+ ! ov]fl[ ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 & is n[ naught b a ru91 ?\gh 9 _m respects a gr&ly pres]v$ "o4 ,! abbey 0 f\nd$ 9 #ajic by ,h5ry ,,ii4 ( ,laa*1 ,c\nt ,palat9e ( ,l[] ,lorra9e1 & ! fir/ ,c\nt ,palat9e ( ! ,rh9e4 ,its magnific5t *ur*1 built 9 ! mo/ acceptable ,go?ic1 conta9s ! rema9s ( its f\nd] & _m nobles4 ,! monks ( ! abbey 71 9 ! middle ages1 greatly celebrat$ = _! k ( ! sci5ces & _! hospitality4 ,_! libr>y 0 ri*ly /or$ ) bibliographical treasures1 & !y possess$ a f9e collection ( pa9t+s4 ,to-day ! abbey & its dep5d5cies is b a %ad[ ( its =m] self2 its libr>y & its picture-gall]y h disappe>$1 &1 e>ly 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ! e/abli%m5t 0 sold = a price s small t x w\ld be a sacrilege to m5tion x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,abbey ( ,,laa* 9 ! ,old5 ,"t ,/olz5fels ,! m5tion ( ! ca/le ( ,/olz5fels h>dly sugge/s any?+ *ur*ly or dev\t1 ?\gh ^? :o "k ! hi/ory ( ?is mo/ picturesque ( all ,rh9e ca/les 7re/or$ ?\gh x be7 "k also t x 0 an e>ly f\ndation ( ,ar*bi%op ,arnold ( ,trves 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & 01 dur+ ! c5tury foll[+1 ! resid5ce ( 8 successors4 ,plac$ high ^u its pr\d rock1 ! re/or$ fabric to-day wond]fully resembles ! ca/l$-crag ( "o's imag9ation4 ,ar*bi%op ,w]n] ( ,/rasburg also made x 8 resid5ce 9 turn1 & lat] ! ,engli% pr9cess betro!d to ! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 ( ! ,hoh5/auf5 dyna/y 0 ent]ta9$ !re4 ,! ca/le 0 ne>ly de/roy$ by ! ,fr5* 9 #afhh1 & 9 #ahbe ! ru9 0 made ov] to ! !n pr9ce royal1 aft]w>d ,k+ ( ,prussia4 ,)9 ! recon/ruct$ walls1 topp$ ) a s]ies ( cr5elat$ battlem5ts1 aft] ! true m$ival mann]1 "o f9ds an ample c\rty>d1 f :i* lead ! entrances to ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! va/ =tress4 ,innum]able ap>tm5ts op5 out "o f ! o!r1 all =m+ a great museum fill$ ) all mann] ( curios & relics4 ,9 a corn] ( "o great room 0 long kept 7!y may or may n be !re yet2 ! writ] does n "k7 ! ,au/rian & ,swiss /&>ds tak5 9 ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/olz5fels ,!re 0 also a cab9et conta9+ ! sabre ( ,murat1 tak5 at ,wat]loo2 ! sabres ( ,blu*]1 ( ,poniat[ski1 & ,sobieski2 & ! swords ( ! ,duc d',albe & ,de ,tilly2 &1 incongru\sly en\gh1 a knife & =k said to h belong$ to ,&reas ,h(]1 ! h]o ( ! ,tyrol4 ,9 ! *amb] ( ! k+ is a magnific5t piece ( ecclesia/ical furniture 9 ! =m ( a processional cross said to date f ! eigh? c5tury4 ,! f9e ,go?ic *apel is decid$ly ! gem ( ! :ole fabric & its accessories1 &1 ?\gh only f9i%$ 9 its complet5ess1 dur+ ! pres5t day1 x is a ma/] copy ( ! be/ /yle ( ! ,go?ic era4 ,illu/ration ,,xxi ,,&]na* ,,& ,,s9zig ,&]na* ,&]na* is "o ( ! olde/ cities 9 ! ,rh9e valley1 & grew up out ( "o ( ,drusus's camps1 :i* 0 built "h :5 ! t[n 0 kn[n z ,antonacum4 ,?is 0 its e>ly hi/ory1 z giv5 by ,ammi5 ,m>cell92 & a lat] au?ority m5tions x z ! second city ( ! electorate ( ,trves 7,die ,&re ,d>na*74 ,9 ! records ( ,drusus's "t1 !re is a ref]5ce to a *teau "h1 :i* 0 ! fiftie? he _h built ^u ! banks ( ! ,rh9e4 ,! k+s ( ,au/rasia _h _! palace "h z well1 s ! place became a political & /rategic city ( v ne>ly ! fir/ rank4 ,9 ! middle ages ,&]na* %one brilliantly among ! c5tres ( comm]ce 9 ! ,rh9e valley4 ,*>les ,v4 0 responsible = a battle betwe5 ! inhabitants ( ,l9z & ^? ( ,rhi5eck & ,&]na*1 9 :i* ne>ly all ! latt] 7 massacr$4 ,to s(t5 any h>d feel+ t might /ill exi/1 a s]mon 0 always prea*$1 up to ! la/ c5tury1 9 ! m>ket-place1 on ,/4 ,b>?olomew's ,day1 urg+ ! p to =give _! enemies4 ,! records tell1 h[ev]1 t on "o occasion an un=tunate inhabitant ( ,l9z 0 discov]$ 9 ,&]na*1 & t he 0 =?) put to dea? 9 mo/ un*ri/ianlike fa%ion4 ,! ,gate ( ,cobl5z at ,&]na* is g5]ally reg>d$ z an anci5t ,roman "w1 ?\gh n ( ! monum5tal ord] usual 9 works ( its k9d4 ,! pres5t =tifications date f ! fifte5? c5tury1 z does ! picturesque wat*-t[] by ! wat]side4 ,) ,&]na* is id5tifi$ ! tradition ( a ,c\nt ,palat9e1 :o1 return+ f ! ,holy ,w>s1 0 p]suad$ by a false fri5d t 8 lady _h prov$ fai?less2 &1 )\t li/5+ to excuse1 drove h] =? to ! woods4 ,9 ! =e/ %e f\nd %elt] ) h] y\?ful son1 lodg+ 9 caves & liv+ on fruits & h]bs = _m ye>s4 ,"o day h] husb&1 hav+ lo/ 8 companions 9 ! *ase1 came by accid5t ^u h] place ( concealm5t4 ,! wife ( 8 bosom1 c>efully nurtur$ 9 h] y\?1 b n[ liv+ unatt5d$ 9 ! wilds1 & 8 son1 n[ gr[n into a f9e y\?1 excit$ 8 pity4 ,li/5+ to ! tru?1 he took home ! innoc5t victims ( p]fidy1 & retaliat$ ^u ! traduc] by hang+ him f ! highe/ t[] ( 8 ca/le4 ,aft] h] dea?1 ! c\ntess became ,/4 ,g5(eva1 & is ! patroness ( ! p>i% *ur* ( ,/4 ,g5evieve1 :i* is a l(ty /ructure ) f\r t[]s :i* rise high above ! surr\nd+ build+s 9 a fa%ion :i* w\ld be truly impos+ 7 ! *ur* less ov]ornam5t$ 9 all its p>ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g5]al ,,view ( ,,&]na* ,! actual f\ndation ( ! *ur* dates f ,c>lov+ian times1 & a t5?-c5tury *ur* is visibly incorporat$ into ! pres5t fabric1 b 9 ! ma9 ! pres5t /ructure is ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! faade1 z is ! case ) mo/ ( ! ,romano-,byzant9e *ur*es on ! ,rh9e1 is flank$ by two f9e t[]s1 %[+ "s slight traces ( ! incom+ ogival /yle4 ,flank+ ! apside are two o!r t[]s1 some:at heavi] & ?or\ghly ,romanesque 9 motive4 ,! s\!rn doorway is surr\nd$ by a s]ies ( rem>kably elaborate & excell5t sculptures1 %[+ delicate foliage1 birds1 & human figures dispos$ aft] ! be/ mann] ( ! ,romanesque4 ,! nor!rn doorway is decorat$ 9 a simil> mann]1 ) an elaborate gr\p+ ( two angels & ! pas*al lamb 9 ! tympanum4 ,to ! "r ( ?is portal is a curi\s col\r$ bas-relief set 9 ! wall4 ,x repres5ts ! dea? ( ! ,virg91 & dates f ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury4 ,! int]ior is divid$ into ?ree naves by two ranges ( pill>s1 squ>e & v %ort4 ,! arcades betwe5 ! aisles & ! nave are r\nd$1 b ! vault+ is ogival4 ,! second range ( pill>s =ms an arcade q simil> to ! l[] "o1 b ! pill>s are ( black m>ble4 ,a mod]n balu/rade1 :i* has be5 add$1 is frightful 9 its contra/ ) ! m anci5t con/ructive details4 ,above all are six w9d[s on a side1 :i* 9 plan & proportions resemble ^? ( ! side aisles4 ,! *oir is 9 effect a cul-de-f\r1 & is light$ by five w9d[s plac$ r high up4 ,bel[ are a s]ies ( ni*es1 9 :i* are plac$ mod]n /atues1 ab\t z bad z c be imag9$1 ev5 9 ^! deg5]ate ar*itectural times4 ,! gall]y beh9d ! second ti] ( columns is kn[n z ! mann%aus1 be+ int5d$ = ! male portion ( ! congregation1 ! wom5 sitt+ bel[4 ,! pulpit came f ! old abbey ( ,laa*4 ,on ! left ( ! gr& nave is ! tomb ( a knight ( ,lahn/e91 :o di$ 9 #aeda4 ,!re is ano!r leg5d connect$ ) ,&]na* :i* may well be rec\nt$ "h4 ,"o day1 dur+ ! m9ority ( ! ,emp]or ,h5ry ,,iv41 ! tutors ( ! pr9ce1 ! pr\d ,ar*bi%op ,annon ( ,cologne & ! ,palat9e1 ,h5ry ! ,furi\s1 held a meet+ ) c]ta9 o!r seigneurs at ,&]na*4 ,! same day ! inhabitants ( ,gls1 a village ne> ,cobl5z1 lodg$ a compla9t be=e ! ,palat9e conc]n+ ! exactions ( ! provo/ ( _! village4 ,?is la/1 himself1 foll[$ ! deputies1 magnific5tly clo!d & m\nt$ ^u a ri*ly cap>ison$ horse1 c\nt+ ^u 8 pres5ce to c\nt]act ! impression !y might make4 ,among ! collection ( wild bea/s :i* _h be5 ga!r$ toge!r = ! amusem5t ( ! pr9ces 0 a f]oci\s be>4 ,:5 ! provo/ pass$ ne> him1 ! animal sprang ^u him & tore him to pieces1 :]eupon x 0 suppos$ t ! v5]able ar*bi%op _h ex]cis$ a div9e p[]1 & deliv]$ up ! oppressor to ! fury ( a wild bea/4 ,l mo/ ( ! ,rh9e leg5ds1 x is a/oni%+ly simple 9 plot1 & likewise has a religi\s turn to x1 :i* %[s ! great respect ( ! anci5t p ( ^! regions t[>d _! cre$4 ,s9zig ,betwe5 ,&]na* & ,bonn is ! t9y city ( ,s9zig1 fam\s = two ?+s1--its *>m+ly dispos$ p>i% *ur* & ! w9es ( ,assmanhaus4 ,! t[n 0 ! anci5t ,s5tiacum ( ! ,romans1 con/ruct$ 9 all probability by ,s5tius1 "o ( ! g5]als ( ,augu/us4 ,! *ur* at ,s9zig1 9 company ) ,/4 ,quir9us at ,neuss1 has "s ( ! be/ m$ival glass 9 ,g]many4 ,?is small1 b typically ,rh5i%1 p>i% *ur* has also a s]ies ( poly*romatic decorations :i* completely cov] its available wall space4 ,!re is a vividness ab\t !m :i* may be pleas+ to "s1 b :i* w /rike _m z be+ di/9ctly un*ur*ly4 ,illu/ration3 ,s9zig ,z a ,*ri/ian edifice1 ! *ur* at ,s9zig1 ) its c5tral t[] & spire1 is only rem>kable z typify+ ! /yle ( ,romano-ogival ar*itecture :i* develop$ s broadly 9 ! ,rh9e valley at ! exp5se ( ! pur] ,go?ic4 ,,xxii ,,tr,,ves ,s\?we/]ly f ,cobl5z1 betwe5 ! ,rh9e & ,metz1 is ,trves1 kn[n by ! ,g]mans z ,tri]4 ,situat$ at ! s\!rn end ( a *>m+ valley1 :i* m or less closely foll[s ! banks ( ! ,moselle1 x has ! appe>ance ( be+ a va/ p>k ) innum]able h\ses & edifices scatt]$ "h & !re ?r\gh ! foliage4 ,! city conta9s _m *ur*es1 ( :i* ! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,pi]re et ,/e4 ,hlne is ! *ief4 ,at "o "t ! ,augu/a ,trevirorum ( ! ,romans 0 ! ri*e/1 ! mo/ =tunate1 ! mo/ glori\s1 & ! mo/ em95t ( all ! cities nor? ( ! ,alps1 said an en?usia/ic local hi/orian4 ,! claim may be disput$ by ano!r ^: civic pride lies else:]e1 b all "k t ,trves1 z ! fl\ri%+ capital ( ! ,gaulois belges1 actually rivall$ ,rome itself4 ,augu/us e/abli%$ a ,roman colony "h ) its own ,s5ate1 & _m ( ! ,roman emp]ors ( ! long l9e :i* foll[$ made x _! resid5ce dur+ _! soj\rn 9 ! nor?4 ,f ! ,augu/a ,trevirorum ( ! ,romans1 ! city became 9 "t1 "u ! lat] ,empire1 ,treviri1 f :i* ! pres5t nom5clature ( ,trves & ,tri] comes4 ,x 0 "o ( ! sixty great t[ns :i* 7 tak5 f ! ,romans by ! ,franks & ! ,alemanni4 ,! ,roman bridge ov] ! ,moselle1 built probably by ,agrippa1 exi/$ until ! w>s ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 9 #affi1 :5 x 0 bl[n up2 & all t n[ rema9s ( ! orig9al "w are ! f\ndations ( ! pi]s1 :i* 7 built ^u anew 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,z a bi%opric1 & lat] z an ar*bi%opric1 ! see is ! mo/ anci5t 9 ,g]many1 hav+ be5 f\nd$ 9 #cbg by ! ,empress ,hlne4 ,9 ! twelf? c5tury x became an ar*bi%opric & an electorate1 b dur+ ! f\rte5? c5tury1 because ( cont9ual /ruggles betwe5 ! municipality & ! ,*ur*1 ! ar*bi%ops remov$ to ,cobl5z4 ,9 ! ca!dral re/s ! ,holy ,coat ( ,trves1 "o ( ! mo/ sacr$ relics ( ! ,savi\r extant1 & suppos$ly ! v]itable g>m5t worn by him at ! crucifixion1--! seamless g>m5t = :i* ! soldi]s ca/ lots 7,john xix4 #bc1 #bd74 ,:5 expos$ to public view1 :i* c]emony us$ to take place only once 9 ?irty ye>s1 ! holy robe is plac$ ^u ! high alt>1 :i* has previ\sly be5 dress$ = ! occasion4 ,! alt> is approa*$ by _m /eps on ea* side1 & !re are sev]al /eps at int]vals 9 ! aisles1 s t ! appe>ance ( ! long l9e ( pilgrims on _! way d[n ! side aisles & up to ! alt> is mo/ picturesque4 ,z _m z tw5ty ?\s& pilgrims are said to h paid _! devotions to ?is relic 9 a s+le day4 ,!y come 9 processions ( hundr$s1 & sometimes ?\s&s2 & are ( all classes1 b mo/ly peasants4 ,! lame1 ! bl9d1 & ! sick are includ$ 9 _! ranks1 & x is noticeable t ! majority are wom54 ,!y are con/antly arriv+1 p\r+ 9 at sev]al gates ( ! city 9 an almo/ cont9ual /ream1 accompani$ by prie/s1 bann]s1 & crosses1 & alt]nately s++ & pray+4 ,!re are _m ( !m heavily lad51 _! packs on _! backs1 _! bright brass pans1 pit*]s1 & kettles ( all %apes 9 _! h&s1 or slung on _! arms1 :ile _! f+]s are busily employ$ ) _! beads4 ,wayworn & footsore1 fatigu$ & hungry1 !y yet pursue _! toilsome m>*1 int5t ^u ! atta9m5t ( ! "o object ( _! pilgrimage4 ,x is curi\s & picturesque to see _! long l9es ( processions 9 ! op5 c\ntry1 w5d+ _! sl[ way ov] ! hills1 & to he> _! hymns1 mell[$ by di/ance into a pleasant s\nd across ! broad ,rh9e4 ,f ,g]many1 ,belgium1 ,holl&1 ,france1 ,hung>y1 & ev5 ,switz]l& & ,italy !y come1 & dur+ ! :ole ( _! j\rneys ! pilgrims s+ & pray almo/ cont9ually4 ,! accompli%m5t ( _! pilgrimages entitles !m1 by paym5t ( a small (f]+1 to c]ta9 absolutions & indulg5ces4 ,! pure-m9d$ peasant girl seeks remission ( s9s1 ! foodless peasant a lib]ty to eat :at ! exp5ses ( ?is pilgrimage w p]haps deprive him ( ! means ( obta9+4 ,! city is lit]ally pack$ ) pilgrims1 & ! sc5e 9 ! m>ket-place at nightfall is 9 ! highe/ degree int]e/+ & picturesque4 ,! ,holy ,coat ( ,trves is a simple tunic1 app>5tly ( l95 or cotton1 ( a fabric simil> to ! closely wov5 mummy-clo? ( ! ,egyptians4 ,und\bt$ly x is ( great antiquity1 :i* _m sacr$ reliques may or may n be1 judg+ f _! appe>ances4 ,9 appe>ance x is precisely ! same z is t worn by ! mod]n ,arab4 ,?is =m ( tunic1 !n1 has come d[n f ! ages ) b little *ange 9 ! fa%ions1 & seems to be worn by all classes 9 ! ,ea/4 ,9 col\r ! relic may orig9ally h be5 blue1 ?\gh n[ ( c\rse x is mu* fad$2 9 fact1 is a ru/y br[n4 ,! hi/ory ( ?is holy robe1 accord+ to a ,pr(essor ,m>x1 :o wrote an acc\nt ( x :i* _h ! approval ( ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,trves1 is au!nticat$ z f> back z #aaeg by writt5 te/imony1 x hav+ be5 m5tion$ z !n exi/+ 9 ! ca!dral ( ,trves by ,fr$]ick ,i4 9 a lett] address$ to ,hill51 ,ar*bi%op ( ,trves 9 t ye>4 ,its e>lie/ hi/ory dep5ds :olly on tradition1 :i* says t x 0 obta9$ by ! ,empress ,hlne 9 ! ye> #cbf1 :ile 9 ! ,holy ,l&1 :i!r %e w5t = ! express purpose ( obta9+ relics ( our ,savi\r & 8 foll[]s2 t %e gave x to ! see ( ,trves1 & t x 0 deposit$ 9 ! ca!dral ( t city2 t x 0 aft]w>d lo/1 hav+ be5 hidd5 9 di/urb$ times )9 ! walls ( ! ca!dral1 & r$iscov]$ "u ! ,ar*bi%op ,john ,i41 9 #aaif2 t x 0 aga9 hidd5 = ! same reason1 br\ght to light1 & expos$ to ! wond]+ multitude 9 #aeab1 on ! occasion ( ! fam\s ,diet ( ,trves1 "u ! ,emp]or ,maximilian4 ,s9ce ?is la/ epo*1 says ! au?or ( ! "w already quot$1 ! hi/ory ( ! ,holy ,robe has be5 (t5 discuss$1 writt51 & sung1 because x has be5 (t5 publicly expos$1 & at %ort int]vals1 :5ev] political tr\bles h n prev5t$4 ,at ,trves is an anci5t tomb to ,c>d9al ,ivo1 ) heavily sculptur$ capitals surm\nt+ f\r small columns1 ^: p$e/als are cr\*+ lions4 ,b = ! crudity ( ! sculpture1 & ! weird bea/s at its base1 "o might almo/ ?9k ! tomb a ,r5aissance "w4 ,! c>d9al di$ 9 #aadb1 & ! "w is unque/ionably ( ! ,romanesque p]iod4 ,x is rem9isc5t1 moreov]1 ( ! s\!rn portal ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame ( ,embrun 9 ! s\? ( ,france2 inde$1 a draw+ ( "o might well pass = ! o!r 7 x n labell$1 ?\gh to be sure !re is a di/9ct diff]5ce 9 detail4 ,among ! treasures ( ,trves is a c5s]1 "o ( ! mo/ elaborate ev] devis$4 ,x is 9 ! =m ( an ample b[l1 ) its cov] work$ 9 silv] 9 ! =m ( a *ur* on ! l9es ( a ,greek cross4 ,! device is mo/ unusual1 b r clumsily ornate4 ,!re are two curi\s /atues 9 ! portal ( ,notre ,dame2 "o repres5t+ ! ,*ur* & ! o!r ! synagogue2 ! "o ) a cle>1 /raight=w>d look 9 h] eyes1 ! o!r bl9dfold$ & ) ! cr[n fall+ f h] head4 ,! symbol is frequ5tly met )1 b ! me?od ( indicat+ ! opposition ( ! new religi\s law to t ( ! old is1 9 ^! life-size /atues1 at ,trves1 p]haps unique4 ,! figures are some:at mutilat$1 ea* lack+ ! arms1 b 9 o!r respects !y /& z orig9ally conceiv$4 ,! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,pi]re et ,/e4 ,hlne is situat$ 9 ! mo/ elevat$ portion ( ! city1 &1 l ! ca!dral at ,bonn1 above ,cologne1 pres5ts t curi\s pyramidal effect s (t5 rem>k$ 9 ,rh5i% *ur*es4 ,!re is no v great beauty 9 ! outl9es ( ?is *ur*1 :i* is a curi\s jumble ( t[]s & turrets2 b !re are "s v good ar*itectural details1 q wor?y ( a m spl5did edifice4 ,/e4 ,hlne1 ! "m ( ,con/ant9e1 h]self plac$ ! fir/ /one 9 ! ea/]ly portion ( ! pres5t *ur*1 a fact :i* 0 only discov]$ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 :5 ! f\ndations 7 be+ repair$4 ,x is suppos$ orig9ally to h be5 a "p ( ! palace ( ! ,empress ,hlne1 aft]w>d conv]t$ into a h\se ( ,god4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tr,,ves ,,ca!dral ,"o notes 9 ! int]ior a rem>kably beautiful s]ies ( ,cor9?ian columns ) elaborately c>v$ capitals ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,9 lat] ye>s ^! h be5 flank$ by support+ pill>s :i* detract exce$+ly f ! beauty ( ! e>li] =ms4 ,9 p>ts ! edifice is frankly ,fr5* ,go?ic1 ,byzant9e1 & :at we "k else:]e z ,norman1--a species ( ! ,romanesque4 ,9 #agag ! *ur* suff]$ consid]ably by fire1 b x 0 repair$ =?)1 & to-day gives ! effect ( a fairly well c>$ = build+ ( ?ree naves & a d\ble *oir4 ,!re are sixte5 alt>s1 "s ( :i* are mod]n1 & two organs1 cas$ z usual 9 hide\s mahogany4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pulpit ,,tr,,ves ,! high alt> & ! pulpit are excell5tly sculptur$1 & !re are "s notable monum5ts to =m] ar*bi%ops & electors4 ,b5ea? ! *ur* are va/ subt]ranean passages1 & a great vault :]e repose ! anci5t reg5ts ( ! prov9ce4 ,ar*itecturally1 ,trves's o!r rem>kable *ur* 7,notre ,dame7 q rivals ! ca!dral itself 9 int]e/4 ,x is "o ( ! be/ examples ( ,g]man m$ival ar*itecture extant4 ,9 ! ye> #abbg :5 ,/4 ,gron's at ,cologne1 "o ( ! e>lie/ examples ( ogival vault+ 9 ,g]many1 0 j f9i%$1 !re 0 comm5c$ ! *ur* ( ,notre ,dame at ,trves4 ,x 0 ! fir/ *ur* edifice 9 ,g]many to consi/5tly c>ry out ! ,go?ic motive f ! f\ndation /ones upw>d4 ,= fifty ye>s ! well-def9$ ,go?ic _h be5 knock+ at ! gateway :i* l$ f ,france into ,g]many1 & at la/ x 0 to ent] at a p]iod :5 ! ca!drals at ,soissons & ,laon _h already e/abli%$ !mselves z well-nigh p]fect examples ( ! new /yle4 ,! fir/ f\ndation /one 0 laid 9 #abbg1 & ! "w 0 complet$ 9 less ?an tw5ty ye>s4 ,! g5]al plan is gr&iose & x has a c5tral cupola--replac+ a t[] :i* 0 9 dang] ( subsid+--held al(t by twelve h>dy columns1 on :i* are rang$ 9 symmetrical ord] /atues ( ! apo/les4 ,! plan is unusual & resembles no ,go?ic /ructure else:]e1 h5ce may be consid]$ z a type /&+ by itself4 ,! ext]ior %[s little or no?+ ( ! highly develop$ ,go?ic :i* awaits "o :5 view+ ! int]ior4 ,!re are no fly+ buttresses1 ! walls seem+ly support+ !mselves1 & yet !y are n clumsy4 ,! pi]s ( ! *apel some:at p]=m ! functions ( buttresses1 & t p]haps makes possible ! unusual arrangem5t4 ,! *ur* ( ,/4 ,gangolphe1 on ! m>ket-place1 has a s+ul>ly beautiful & v l(ty t[]1 :i* gives to :oev] has ! c\rage to make its r p]il\s asc5t "o ( ! mo/ *>m+ prospects ( ! valley ( ! ,moselle possible to imag9e4 ,! *ief ( ,trves's o!r *ur*es are3 ! *ur* ( ! ,jesuits1 s9ce c$$ to ! ,prote/ants2 ,/4 ,g]vais1 :i* has a tomb to ,bi%op ,hon!im1 a mo/ le>n$ man & a great b5efactor ( ,trves 9 days gone by2 ,/4 ,anto9e2 & ,/4 ,paul4 ,! c\ntry ar\nd ,trves1 on ! ,moselle1--! fam\s ,trves ,circle1--ranks high z a w9e-gr[+ region1 ?\gh y\r true ,g]man w9e-dr9k] calls all ,moselle w9e ,unnosel ,we94 ,^! w9es ( ! ,moselle are1 to be sure1 second>y to ^? ( ! v9ey>ds ( ! ,rh9e & ! ,ma91 b ! v>ieties are v num]\s4 ,a ,dut* burgoma/] once b\ght ( ! ,abbey ( ,maxim9us--a fam\s w9e-gr[+ e/abli%m5t z well z a religi\s community--a v>iety kn[n z ,gru5has]1 9 #agic1 = elev5 hundr$ & =ty-f\r flor9s a vat ( some?+ less ?an ?ree hundr$ gallons4 ,x 0 kn[n z ! nect> ( ,moselle1 & made m5 *e]ful1 & did good ! next day1 leav+ ! bosom & head )\t disord]4 ,su* 0 ! old-"t monki% e/imate & endorsem5t ( its virtues4 ,illu/ration ,,xxiii ,,bonn ,bonn 9 ! popul> m9d is notewor?y *iefly = its fam\s univ]sity1 & = be+ ! bir?place ( ,bee?ov54 ,! city 0 "o ( ! fifty =tresses built by ,drusus on ! ,rh9e1 & ! only ,rh5i% city1 ) ! exception ( ,cologne1 :i* has kept its ,roman appellation4 ,x is m5tion$ by ,tacitus bo? z ,bonna & ,bon5sia ca/ra4 ,! ca!dral is z fam\s z ! univ]sity4 ,x 0 fund$ by ! "m ( ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 :o1 accord+ to tradition1 consecrat$ ! primitive *ur* "h 9 #cai4 ,really1 x is n a v /up5d\s pile1 ! pres5t ca!dral1 b x looks f> m impos+ ?an x really is by reason ( its massive c5tral t[] & /eeple4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ anci5t & mo/ rem>kable ( ! ca!drals on ! banks ( ! ,rh9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g5]al ,,view ( ,,bonn ,! effect ( its five t[]s is t ( a great pyramid ris+ skyw>d f a broad base4 ,9 ! ma91 x is a con/ruction ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies1 b x is kn[n beyond d\bt t ! *oir & ! crypt 7 built 9 #aaeg4 ,to-day !re are visible no traces ( ev5 ! f\ndations ( ! primitive *ur*4 ,illu/ration ,!re are two polygonal apsides1 m noticeable f )\t ?an )94 ,! ma9 portal1 or ! mo/ elaborate at lea/1 is t ( ! nor? faade4 ,! int]ior is n z sombre & sad z is (t5 ! case ) a v e>ly *ur*4 ,to ent]1 "o asc5ds eight /eps to ! pavem5t1 :5 ! r %all[ vi/a ( ! nave & *oir op5s out broadly4 ,!re are a s]ies ( :ite m>ble /atues repres5t+ ! bir? & baptism ( ,*ri/1 & "s pa9t+s ( notable m]it1 includ+ an ,adoration4 ,9 ! crypt1 already m5tion$1 are ! bones ( ! m>tyrs1 ,cassius1 ,flor5t9us1 & ,malusius4 ,! *ief int]e/ ( ! int]ior1 outside ( ! con/ructive elem5ts ( ! fabric1 c5tres 9 a great /atue ( ,/4 ,hlne 9 bronze1 :i* is plac$ 9 ! middle ( ! gr& nave4 ,x is a f9e monum5t1 & 0 ca/ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury z a some:at t>dy recognition ( ! f\nd] ( ! *ur* at ,bonn4 ,at ! we/]n extremity ( ! nave is ! ,go?ic tomb ( ,ar*bi%op ,engleb]t1 & ano!r ( ,ar*bi%op ,rob]t4 ,! *oir is some:at rais$ above ! pavem5t ( ! nave1 be+ plac$ ^u ! vault+ ( ! crypt4 ,! walls ( ! *oir are hung ) gild$ ,cordovan lea!r1 :i* is c]ta9ly ri* & beautiful1 ?\gh x has be5 criticiz$ z be+ m suitable to a b\doir ?an a great *ur*4 ,at ! foot ( ! *oir1 to ! "r1 is a tab]nacle1 a feature frequ5tly met ) 9 ,g]man *ur*es4 ,x is ( ,r5aissance design & workman%ip1 & is unga9ly & n 9 ! be/ ( ta/e4 ,beh9d ! great pill>s ( ! *oir are f\nd1 back to back1 two impos+ alt>s1 to :i* access is _h by m\nt+ a doz5 m /eps1 f> above ! pavem5t ( ! nave4 ,!y are mo/ peculi>ly dispos$1 & are aga9 a ,r5aissance int]polation :i* might well h be5 omitt$4 ,9 ?is dimly light$ ca!dral1 z well z 9 _m o!r *ur*es ( ,g]many1 y may at times he> t hymn kn[n z ,ratisbon1 ! words ( :i* beg93 ,jesus me9e ,zuv]si*t ,lebt1 und i* soll mit ihm leb54 ,!re is a leg5d--or x may be a true tale--connect+ ^! v]ses ) a ,g]man soldi] :o di$ at ! fateful battle ( ,j5a4 ,flee+ f ! ,fr5*1 he _h fall5 into ! wat]s ( ! ,saale4 ,recov]+ himself1 he crawl$ out1 only to f9d 8 pursu]s on ! bank1 _! fire>ms levell$ at 8 head4 ,8 fir/ ?\ght 0 to ?ank ,god = 8 safety f ! flood1 &1 kneel+1 he play$ ^u 8 bugle ! famili> air to :i* ! hymn1 ,jesus me9e ,zuv]si*t1 is sung4 ,deeply mov$1 8 pursu]s dropp$ _! guns1 b1 j z ! la/ notes ( ! tune 7 dy+ away1 ano!r deta*m5t came up1 & "o ( its memb]s fir$ a %ot :i* end$ ! life ( ! dev\t ,prussian4 ,!re is he>d "h also a leg5d1 ( ! "t ( ! ,crusades1 conc]n+ ! ,sieb5geb]g51--! ,sev5 ,m\nta9s1--:i* lie j back ( ,bonn4 ,/imulat$ by religi\s f]v\r1 ! ov]lord ( a ca/le p]*$ ^u "o ( ! ,sev5 ,m\nta9s1 enli/$ 9 ! army ( ! ,crusad]s1 & f\ght gallantly 9 ! v =efront ( ^? :o s\ght to plant ! ,cross ^u ! walls ( ! ,holy ,city4 ,aft] a prolong$ abs5ce1 he return$ to f9d t a rival _h won ! love ( 8 lady1 :o1 to escape 8 wra?1 _h fl$ to a conv5t4 ,! usurp] ( affections escap$1 b ! injur$ husb& met ne> ,godesb]g1 9 8 old age1 a y\? 9 :om he ?\ght he recogniz$ ! lik5ess ( 8 wife4 ,que/ion+ ! boy1 he visit$ ! s9 ( ! "m ^u ! *ild1 & slew him on ! highroad1 on ! spot :]e ! ,ho* ,kreuz n[ /&s1--a monum5t :i* tradition says 0 erect$ to w>n weak wives & fai?less fri5ds4 ,dra*5fels1 ^: fame to ,engli% e>s has mo/ly be5 made by ,byron's v]ses1 lies n f> s\? ( ,bonn4 ,byron's peasant girls ) deep blue eyes are mo/ly engag$ 9 husb&ry to-day1 in/ead ( poetically & leisurely ga!r+ e>ly fl[]s4 ,! ca/l$ crag ( ,dra*5fels ,fr[ns o'er ! wide & w9d+ ,rh9e1 & is /ill "o ( ! t\ri/ sights ( ! ,rh9e1 & z su* x mu/ be accord$ its place4 ,bonn 0 =m]ly ! resid5ce ( ! ,electors ( ,cologne1 aft] _! removal f t city 9 #abfh1 at :i* "t x 0 also ! %elt] ( ,ar*bi%op ,engleb]t1 :o _h fl$ f ,cologne4 ,,xxiv ,,godesb]g ,,& ,,rol&seck ,godesb]g ,)9 full view ( ! ,sev5 ,m\nta9s1 on ! opposite bank ( ! ,rh9e1 is ,godesb]g1--a *e]ful village ) a ca/le :i* is a spl5did ru91 say ! guide-books4 ,!y might g a bit fur!r & rec\nt some?+ ( its political & religi\s hi/ory1 al?\gh usually !y d n1 b ru% ! t\ri/ up-riv] to ,cobl5z1 giv+ him only a sort ( panoramic view ( ?is portion ( ! ,rh9e4 ,orig9ally a ca/ellum roma91 ! *e]ful village1 kn[n to ! anci5ts z ,ara ,ubiorum1 came "u ! control1 9 #abaj1 ( ! ,ar*bi%op ,!odoric ( ,cologne1 :o built a *apel to ,/4 ,mi*ael on ! anci5t ru9s1 :i*1 accord+ to tradition1 _h endur$ f ! times ( ,julian ! ,apo/ate4 ,= _m c5turies !re 0 a *teau "h :i* s]v$ z ! c\ntry-h\se ( _m ( ! ar*bi%op-electors ( ! ,empire1 until de/roy$ by a ?und]bolt4 ,9 #aeic x 0 pillag$ by ! troops ( ! ,ar*bi%op ,erne/1 & to-day only a great1 lone1 r\nd t[] rema9s intact4 ,= ! re/ x is a f9e ru9 & a picturesque "o4 ,rol&seck ,b a %ort di/ance above ,godesb]g is ,rol&seck2 opposite :i* is ! isl& ( ,nonn5w]?1 ) :i* x is associat$ 9 a fam\s leg5d4 ,! *ivalr\s ,rol& s\ght ! love ( "s fair be+1 ^: beauty & ^: virtues %\ld des]ve & reta9 ! he>t ( s brave & gallant a "y knight4 ,nor did he look ab\t 9 va91 = ,hilda1 ! daught] ( ! "l ( ! ,dra*5fels1 0 all t dreams _h pictur$ to 8 y\?ful fancy z wor?y ( an ard5t s\l's devotion1 & soon he 0 made happy by a confession f ! maid5 t 8 passion 0 return$4 ,lo/ 9 a dream ( fir/ love1 ! knight =got ! _w & its /ruggles1 &1 9 ! expectation ( an e>ly day = 8 w$d+ ) 8 mi/ress1 he liv$ a life ( p]fect joy1--n[ gaz+ ) ,hilda ^u ! w9d+s ( ! ,rh9e2 n[ wat*+ h] z %e /oop$ gracefully to t5d ! fl[]s :i* peace all[$ to fl\ri% "u ! walls ( h] fa!r's /ronghold4 ,b ,rol& liv$ 9 times :5 love 0 b ! bright1 transi5t episode ( a life ( w>4 ,! laws ( *ivalry =bade a true knight's neglect ( duty1 &1 9 ! v week 9 :i* he 0 to be w$d$1 ! summons came = him to take ! field4 ,! w> 0 long1 & x 0 ?ree ye>s be=e ,rol& left ! camp4 ,:5 he rea*$ ! home ( 8 mi/ress1 he receiv$ a frightful welcome4 ,! ca/le 0 9 ru9s2 its "l 0 sla92 & ,hilda1 deceiv$ by reports ( ,rol&'s dea?1 _h tak5 ! veil 9 ! neighb\r+ conv5t ( ,nonn5w]?6 ,ov] ! bright pa? ( ! "y knight a d>k & la/+ %ad[ 0 ca/4 ,8 e>ly hopes 7 %att]$2 ! joy ( 8 exi/5ce _h fl$2 8 _s b5t b5ea? ! weight ( 8 evil =tune4 ,b 8 fai? & con/ancy 7 beyond ! control ( ,fate4 ,retir+ to 8 ca/le ( ,rol&seck1 he made himself a seat )9 a w9d[1 f :i* he c\ld look d[n ^u ! isl& ( ,nonn5w]? & ! conv5t t held 8 belov$ ,hilda4 ,:e!r %e he>d ( 8 return tradition does n say2 b ! rum\r ( su* con/ancy 0 p]haps waft$ ?r\gh ! nunn]y walls4 ,be t z x may1 x is *ronicl$ t1 aft] ,rol&'s wat* _h be5 = ?ree ye>s prolong$1 he he>d "o ev5+ ! tones ( ! bell t toll$ = a pass+ s\l1 & next day ! :ite figures ( ! nuns 7 se5 be>+ a si/] to h] la/ home4 ,x 0 ! fun]al ( ,hilda4 ,illu/ration ,! isle ( ,nonn5w]? & its conv5t are /ill !re opposite ! grim1 gaunt1 ru9$ gateway ( ,rol&seck1 a brilliant jewel 9 an antique sett+2 &1 :ile nei!r ! conv5tual build+s nor ! ru9$ *teau %[ any unusual ar*itectural features1 !y are *>act]i/ic ( ! feudal & religi\s ar*itecture ( ! middle ages4 ,ar*itects ( to-day d n build ) ! same simplicity & grace t !y did ( old1 & ^! little out-(-!-way gems ( ar*itecture are f> m satisfy+ ?an are simil> erections ( to-day4 ,,xxv ,,cologne ,,& ,,its ,,ca!dral ,no /rang] ev] yet ent]$ ,cologne )\t go+ /raight to see its mighty ,go?ic ca!dral4 ,?ree ?+s come to him =cibly1--! fact t x 0 only complet$ 9 rec5t ye>s1 ! great & undecid$ "q z to :o may h be5 its ar*itect1 & ! ,leg5d ( ! ,build]1 z ! /ory is kn[n4 ,!re are two leg5ds ( ! ca!dral & its build]s :i* no visitor w ev] =get4 ,! ,ar*itect ( ,cologne ,mighty 0 ,ar*bi%op ,conrad de ,ho*/$51 = he 0 "l ov] ! *ief city ( ! ,rh9e1 ! city ( ,cologne2 b 8 ?\ghts 7 tr\bl$1 & 8 he>t 0 heavy1 =1 ?\gh 8 *ur*es 7 ri* beyond comp>e 9 relics1 yet o!r t[ns n half s l>ge or p[]ful z 8 _h ca!drals ^: fame ext5d$ ov] ,europe1 & ^: beauty br\ght pilgrims to _! %r9es1 pr(it to ! ecclesia/ics1 & bus9ess to ! t[nspeople4 ,aft] _m sleepless nights1 !re=e1 he det]m9$ to add to 8 city ! only ?+ want+ to complete x1 &1 s5d+ = ! mo/ fam\s ar*itect ( ! "t1 he commission$ him to draw ! plans = a ca!dral ( ,cologne4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g5]al ,,view ( ,,cologne ,n[ ! ar*itect 0 a clev] man1 b he 0 m va9 ?an clev]4 ,he _h a vague idea ( ! magnific5ce :i* he desir$ to a*ieve )\t a cle> conception ( h[ he 0 to d x1 or )\t ! w to make ! necess>y sacrifices ( lab\r1 c>e1 & p]sev]ance4 ,he receiv$ ! commission ) great gladness1 & gloat$ = "s days ^u ! fame :i* w\ld be 8 z ! build] ( ! /ructure :i* ! ar*bi%op desir$2 b :51 aft] ?is vision ( glory1 he took 8 crayons to sket* out ! design1 he 0 ?r[n into ! deepe/ despond5cy4 ,he drew & drew1 & add$1 & eras$1 & correct$1 & began aga91 b /ill did n succe$4 ,n a plan c\ld he complete4 ,"s 7 too mean1 o!rs too extravagant1 & o!rs1 :5 done & exam9$1 7 f\nd to be good1 b n orig9al4 ,ef=ts ( memory in/ead ( imag9ation1 _! po9ts ( excell5ce 7 b copies ( o!r ca!drals1--a t[] f "o1 a spire f ano!r1 an aisle f a ?ird1 & an alt> f a f\r?2 & "o aft] ano!r !y 7 ca/ aside z imp]fect & useless1 until ! draughtsman1 m ?an half-craz$1 felt incl9$ to end 8 tr\bles & p]plexities by a plunge into ! ,rh9e4 ,9 ?is mood ( m ?an half-despair1 he w&]$ d[n to ! riv]'s edge1 &1 seat+ himself ^u a /one1 began to draw 9 ! s& ) a measur+ rod1 :i* s]v$ z a walk+-/ick1 ! outl9es ( v>i\s p>ts ( a *ur*4 ,gr\nd-plans1 t[]s1 f9ials1 brackets1 w9d[s1 columns1 appe>$ "o aft] ano!r1 trac$ by ! po9t ( 8 w&2 b all1 "o aft] ano!r1 7 eras$ z unequal & insuffici5t = ! purpose1 & unwor?y to =m a "p ( ! design = a ca!dral ( ,cologne4 ,turn+ ar\nd1 ! ar*itect 0 aw>e t ano!r p]son 0 beside him1 &1 ) surprise1 ! disappo9t$ draughtsman saw t ! /rang] also 0 busily mak+ a design4 ,rapidly on ! s& he sket*$ ! details ( a mo/ magnific5t build+1 its t[]s ris+ to ! cl\ds1 its long aisles & l(ty *oir /ret*+ away be=e ! eye ( ! />tl$ ar*itect1 :o m5tally confess$ t x 0 inde$ a temple wor?y ( ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,! w9d[s 7 enri*$ by trac]y su* z arti/ nev] _h be=e conceiv$1 & ! l(ty columns re>$ _! tall l5g? t[>d a ro( :i* seem$ to claim k9dr$ ) ! cl\ds1 & to equal ! firmam5t 9 expanse & beauty4 ,b ea* section ( ?is long-s\ght plan vani%$ ! mom5t x 0 se51 &1 ) a complete conviction ( its excell5ce1 ! ar*itect 0 unable to rememb] a s+le l9e4 ,y\r sket* is excell5t1 said he to ! unkn[n2 x is :at ,i h ?\ght & dream$ (1--:at ,i h s\ght = & wi%$ =1 & h n be5 able to f9d4 ,give x to me on pap]1 & ,i w pay y tw5ty gold pieces4 ,tw5ty pieces6 ha6 ha6 tw5ty gold pieces6 laugh$ ! /rang]4 ,look "h6 & f a d\blet t did n seem big en\gh to hold half ! money1 he drew =? a purse t c]ta9ly held a ?\s&4 ,! night _h clos$ 91 & ! ar*itect 0 desp]ate4 ,if money _c tempt y1 fe> %all =ce y2 &1 spr++ t[>d ! /rang]1 he pluck$ a dagg] f 8 girdle1 & held its po9t close to ! brea/ ( ! my/]i\s draughtsman4 ,9 a mom5t 8 wri/s 7 p9ion$1 z ) ! grasp ( a vise1 & squeez$ until he dropp$ 8 weapon & %riek$ 9 agony4 ,fall+ on ! s&s1 he wri!d l an eel ^u ! fi%]man's hook2 b plung$ & /ruggl$ 9 va94 ,:5 ne>ly fa9t+1 he felt himself ?r[n helpless ^u ! v br9k ( ! /ream4 ,!re6 revive1 & be reasonable4 ,le>n t gold & /eel h no p[] ov] me4 ,y want my ca!dral1 = x w\ld br+ y hon\r1 fame1 & pr(it2 & y c h x if y *oose4 ,h[8--tell me h[8 ,by sign+ ?is p>*m5t ) y\r blood4 ,avaunt1 fi5d6 %riek$ ! ar*itect2 9 ! "n ( ! ,savi\r ,i bid !e begone4 ,& s say+1 he made ! sign ( ! cross2 & ! ,evil ,"o 7= x 0 he7 0 =c$ to vani% be=e ! holy symbol4 ,he _h "t1 h[ev]1 to mutt]3 ,y'll come = ! plan at midnight to-morr[4 ,! ar*itect /agg]$ home1 half-dead ) cont5d+ passions1 & mutt]+3 ,sell my s\l1 ,to-morr[ at midnight1 ,hon\r & fame1 & o!r words :i* told ! /ruggle go+ on )9 8 s\l4 ,:5 he rea*$ 8 lodg+s1 he met ! only s]vant he _h go+ out wrapp$ 9 h] cloak4 ,& :]e are y go+ s late8 said h] surpris$ ma/]4 ,to a mass = a s\l 9 purgatory1 0 ! reply4 ,oh1 horror6 horror6 no mass w avail me4 ,to ev]la/+ torm5ts %all ,i be doom$2 &1 hurry+ to 8 room1 he ca/ himself d[n ) te>s ( remorse1 irresolution1 & despair4 ,9 ?is /ate 8 old h\sekeep] discov]$ him on h] return f h] holy err&1 &1 h] s\l be+ full ( *>ity & k9dly religion1 %e begg$ to "k :at _h caus$ su* grief2 & spoke ( pati5ce 9 suff]+1 & p>don by rep5tance4 ,h] words fell ^u ! disord]$ e> ( ! ar*itect ) a heav5ly com=t2 & he told h] :at _h pass$4 ,m]cy me6 0 h] exclamation4 ,tempt$ by ! fi5d himself6--s /rongly1 too6 &1 s say+1 %e left ! *amb] )\t ano!r ^w1 & hurri$ (f to h] confessor4 ,n[ ! confessor ( ,dame ,elfrida 0 ! fri5d ( ! abbot1 & ! abbot 0 ! con/ant c\nsellor ( ! ar*bi%op1 & s soon z ! h\sekeep] spoke ( ! wond]ful plan1 he told h] he w\ld soon see h] ma/]1 & w5t at once to 8 sup]ior4 ,?is dignit>y imm$iately pictur$ to himself ! ho/ ( pilgrims t w\ld seek a ca!dral built ) skill f su* wond]ful sket*es1 & 7hop+ himself "o day to be ar*bi%op7 he hurri$ (f to ! bewild]$ ar*itect4 ,he f\nd him /ill 9 b$1 & li/5$ ) surprise to ! gl[+ acc\nt ( ! demon's plan4 ,& w\ld x be equal to all ?is8 ,x w\ld4 ,c\ld y build x8 ,i c\ld4 ,w\ld n pilgrims come to wor%ip 9 su* a ca!dral8 ,by ?\s&s4 ,li/51 my son6 ,g at midnight to ! appo9t$ spot2 take ?is relic ) y2 &1 s say+1 ! abbot gave him a bone ( "o ( ! ,elev5 ,?\s& ,virg9s4 ,agree to ! t]ms = ! design y h s long desir$1 & :5 y h got x1 & ! ,evil ,"o pres5ts ! p>*m5t = y\r signature1 %[ ?is sacr$ bone4 ,aft] long pond]+1 ! prie/'s advice 0 tak52 &1 9 ! gloom ( night1 ! ar*itect hurri$ trembl+ly to ! place ( meet+4 ,true to 8 "t1 ! fi5d 0 !re1 &1 ) a smile1 complim5t$ ! ar*itect on 8 punctuality4 ,draw+ f 8 d\blet two p>*m5ts1 he op5$ "o1 on :i* 0 trac$ ! outl9e ( ! ca!dral1 & !n ano!r writt5 9 "s my/]i\s "*1 & hav+ a space left = a signature4 ,let me exam9e :at ,i am to pay s de>ly =4 ,mo/ c]ta9ly1 said ! demon1 ) a smile1 & a b[ t w\ld h done hon\r to ! c\rt ( ! emp]or4 ,press+ x ) "o h& to 8 brea/1 ! ar*itect ) ! o!r held up ! holy bone1 & exclaim$3 ,avaunt1 fi5d6 ,9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,virg9s ( ,cologne1 ,i hold !e1 ,satan1 9 defiance2 & he describ$ ! sign ( ! cross directly aga9/ ! devil's face4 ,9 an in/ant ! smile & ! graceful civility 7 gone4 ,) a hide\s gr91 ,satan approa*$ ! sacr$ miracle z ?\gh he w\ld h /rangl$ ! possessor2 &1 yell+ ) a s\nd t woke half ! sleep]s 9 ,cologne1 he skipp$ r\nd & r\nd ! ar*itect4 ,/ill1 h[ev]1 ! plan 0 held tightly ) "o h&1 & ! relic held =w>d l a swordsman's rapi] ) ! o!r4 ,z ! fi5d turn$1 s turn$ ! ar*itect2 until1 be?9k+ himself t ano!r pray] w\ld help him1 he call$ l\dly on ,/4 ,ursula4 ,! demon c\ld keep up ! fight no long]2 ! lead] ( ! ,elev5 ,?\s& ,virg9s 0 too mu* = him4 ,none b a confessor c\ld h told y h[ to *eat me1 he %riek$ 9 a mo/ t]rible voice2 b ,i w be rev5g$4 ,y h a m wond]ful & p]fect design ?an ev] ent]$ ! bra9 ( man4 ,y want fame1--! prie/ wants a *ur* & pilgrims4 ,li/56 ,t ca!dral %all nev] be f9i%$1 & y\r "n %all be =gott56 ,z ! dreadful words broke ^u ! ar*itect's e>1 ! cloak ( ! ,tempt] /ret*$ out into huge black w+s1 :i* flapp$ ov] ! spot l two d>k ?und]cl\ds1 & ) su* viol5ce t ! w9ds 7 rais$ f _! slumb]1 & a /orm rose ^u ! wat]s ( ! ,rh9e4 ,hurry+ homew>ds1 ! relic rais$ at arm's l5g? ov] 8 head1 ! fright5$ man rea*$ ! abbot's h\se 9 safety4 ,b ! om9\s s5t5ce /ill rang 9 8 e>s1--,unf9i%$ & =gott54 ,days1 mon?s1 ye>s pass$ by1 & ! ca!dral1 comm5c$ ) vig\r1 0 gr[+ into =m4 ,! ar*itect _h long be=e det]m9$ t an inscription %\ld be engrav$ ^u a plate ( brass %ap$ l a cross1 & be fa/5$ ^u ! front ( ! fir/ t[] t rea*$ a good elevation4 ,8 vanity already anticipat$ a triumph ov] ! ,fi5d :om he _h defraud$4 ,he 0 au?or ( a build+ :i* ! _w c\ld n equal1 &1 9 ! pride ( 8 he>t1 defi$ all evil *ances to deprive him ( fame4 ,go+ to ! top ( ! build+ to see :]e 8 "n %\ld be plac$1 he look$ ov] ! edge ( ! build+ to decide if x 0 l(ty en\gh to des]ve ! hon\r ( ! inscription1 :5 ! workm5 7 aw>e ( a black cl\d :i* sudd5ly envelop$ !m1 & bur/ 9 ?und] & hail4 ,look+ ar\nd1 :5 ! cl\d _h pass$ away1 _! ma/] 0 gone6 & "o ( !m decl>$ t amid/ ! noise ( ! explosion he he>d a wail ( agony :i* seem$ to say1 ,unf9i%$ & =gott54 ,:5 !y desc5d$ ! t[]1 ! body ( ! ar*itect lay cru%$ ^u ! pavem5t4 ,! travell] :o beholds ! build+ kn[s ( ! difficulties :i* beset its completion1 & ?\s&s h s9ce !n s\ght 9 va9 to le>n ! "n ( ,! ,ar*itect ( ,cologne1 al?\gh ( late ye>s--?\gh ) "s d\bt x is /at$--8 "n & fame appe> to h be5 e/abli%$4 ,! ,pfaff5 ,?or ,:5 ,ar*bi%op ,conrad ( ,ho*/$51 ! f\nd] ( ! ca!dral1 _h be5 ga!r$ to 8 fa!rs1 ,engelbre*t ( ,falk5b]g reign$ ov] ,cologne 9 8 /ead2 & a fe>ful tyrant he became4 ,z 9 ! case ( ! spiritual lords :o rul$ ov] ,lige1 ! crozi] ( ! ar*bi%op became a rod ( iron to ! citiz5s1 until at l5g? !y 7 goad$ to op5 rebellion4 ,9 _! conte/s = lib]ty1 !y 7 l$ by ,h]mann ,grynn1 a t[nsman :o _h put aside ! peaceful pursuit ( 8 trade to d battle 9 ! good cause ( 8 native city1 & to ma9ta9 ! privileges :i* 8 fa!rs _h pur*as$1 n only ) _! gold1 b ) _! blood4 ,aft] num]\s conte/s betwe5 ! burgh]s & _! oppressors1 ! cause ( ! _m 0 triumphant1 & ! ar*bi%op 0 glad to agree to t]ms :i* he be=e _h spurn$4 ,b ! truce he s\ght 0 holl[ & unfai?ful1 & he 0 he>d to say t1 if ,h]mann ,grynn 7 remov$1 he w\ld be able to take away ! privileges he _h surr5d]$ to ! t[nsm54 ,?is trea*]\s spee* 0 gre$ily receiv$ by two prie/s1 :o det]m9$ to advance _! own welf>e by ! d[nfall ( ! citiz5-patriot4 ,mak+ ! acqua9tance ( ,h]mann1 ^: hone/ nature suspect$ no trea*]y1 !y worm$ !mselves into 8 confid5ce1 & at a fitt+ opportunity invit$ him to ! ca!dral to see its hidd5 beauties & great /ore ( ri*es4 ,lead+ him f *apel to cloi/]1 & ?r\gh *amb] aft] *amb]1 !y came at l5g? to a door :i* !y said conta9$ ! ri*e/ sight ( all2 & "o ( !m1 unlock+ ! door1 invit$ ! citiz5 to ent]4 ,no soon] _h he cross$ ! ?re%old ?an ! ?ick portal 0 clos$ sudd5ly ^u him1 &1 at ! same mom5t1 he he>d ! ro> ( "s wild animal1 & saw fix$ ^u him two fi]ce eyes gleam+ ) hung] & savage rage4 ,h]mann ,grynn 0 a man = em]g5cies4 ,rapidly twi/+ 8 cloak ar\nd 8 left arm1 & draw+ 8 %ort sword1 he prep>$ = ! attack2 nor _h he long to wait4 ,) a gr[l ( triumph1 a huge animal sprang ^u him ) op5 jaws2 b ) admirable coolness ! h]o receiv$ 8 assailant ^u ! gu>d$ arm1 &1 :il/ ! brute gr\nd its tee? into ! cloak1 he ?ru/ 8 sword into its he>t4 ,se>*+ ar\nd ! *amb]1 he 0 aw>e ( a w9d[ conceal$ by a %utt]1 &1 op5+ ?is1 he look$ =? into ! /reets1 :]e a great cr[d 0 collect$ ar\nd a prie/1 :o w5t along tell+ "s tale :i* seem$ to move ! p to deep grief4 ,z ! ?rong drew ne>]1 he li/5$ eag]ly1 & he>d ) surprise h[ ! good burgess ,h]mann ,grynn1 ! fri5d ( ! p1 & ! well-belov$ ally ( ! ,*ur*1 _h )\t advice s\ght a *amb] :]e a lion 0 9 durance1 & _h fall5 a sacrifice to 8 unhappy curiosity4 ,burn+ ) rage & a det]m9ation to expose ! trea*]y ( ! prie/s1 he wait$ till ! cr[d came b5ea? ! w9d[ f :i* he look$2 & !n1 da%+ ! glass into a ?\s& pieces1 he attract$ att5tion to ! spot1 &1 lean+ half out ( ! op5+1 display$ 8 well-kn[n cap 9 "o h& & 8 bloody sword 9 ! o!r4 ,he 0 almo/ too high to be he>d1 b ! fa9t e*o ( 8 w>-cry 0 en\gh to conv9ce ! p ( 8 id5tity1 & ) "o voice !y %\t$3 ,to ! rescue6 ,=c+ _! way into ! ca!dral1 !y quickly releas$ _! lead]1 &1 le>n+ f him ! /ory ( cruel trea*]y1 ! two prie/s 7 f]ret$ f _! hid+-places1 & hang$ by ! neck 9 ! room ov] ! body ( ! dead lion4 ,to ?is day ! portal !y slamm$ on ,h]mann ,grynn is kn[n z ! ,pfaff5 ,?or1--! prie/'s door1--:il/ ov] ! gate ( ! v5]able t[n hall ( ,cologne may yet be se51 grav5 9 /one1 ! fight ( ! citiz5-patriot ) ! hungry lion ( ! ca!dral4 99 99 99 99 99 ,^! two leg5ds ref] solely to ! ca!dral4 ,!re is1 9 addition1 ! r m famili> "o ( ,/4 ,ursula & ! ,elev5 ,?\s& ,virg9s4 ,&1 besides leg5ds1 !re is mu* real symbolism t peeps out :]ev] "o turns4 ,! skulls ( ! ,?ree ,k+s /ill gr9 f "u _! cr[ns 9 ! ca!dral1 z !y did :5 ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa /orm$ ,milan & br\ght back ^! relics ( ! ?ree ,magi4 ,b5ea? ! pavem5t ( ! ca!dral lies buri$ ! he>t ( ,m>ie de ,m$ici1 :o1 9 h] fall5 =tunes1 di$ at ,/]n5-,gasse #aj1 9 ! h\se :]e ,pet] ,paul ,rub5s 0 born4 ,9 a r r\ndab\t way ! "n ( "o great 9 lett]s is associat$ ) ,cologne4 ,petr>* came "h on 8 way f ,avignon to ,p>is 9 #acca1 & ! sup]b beg9n+s ( ! new ca!dral inspir$ him ) ! mo/ pr(\nd admiration4 ,9 a lett] :i* he address$ to 8 fri5d & protector1 ,jean ,colonna1 he said3 ,i h se5 9 ?is city ! mo/ beautiful temple2 yet incomplete1 b :i* is truly entitl$ to rank z a supreme "w4 ,x 0 a =tunate day = ! hi/ory ( ! *ur* at ,cologne :5 ! ,evangeli/ fir/ prea*$ ! gospel 9 ! city ( ,colonia ,agripp9a4 ,9 ^? days ! primitive *ur* %elt]$ itself mode/ly "u ! %ad[ ( ! ,roman =tress1 :]eas to-day ! great ca!dral rises1 /ately & pr\d1 high above ! =tification ( ! w>like ,teuton--if he really be w>like1 z ! /atesm5 ( o!r nations proclaim4 ,:5 ,*>lemagne fix$ 8 (ficial resid5ce at ,aix-la-,*apelle1 he plac$ 8 imp]ial palace 9 ! diocese ( ,cologne2 ! two cities toge!r1 by reason ( _! p[] & importance1 /&+ z a symbol ( might9ess :i* did mu* to make ! great1 unwieldy dom9ion ( ! ,c>lov+ian ,emp]or hang toge!r4 ,x has be5 claim$1 & !re c]ta9ly seems "s ju/ification = x1 t ! g5]al plan ( ! ca!dral at ,cologne is simil> to t ( ,notre ,dame d',ami5s2 !re is some?+ ab\t ! g5]al scale & proportions t makes !m q ak94 ,p]haps ?is is due to ! p>ticul>ly d>+ comb9ation ( its l9es & ! g5]al h>d9ess ( its plan & outl9e4 ,^! features are c]ta9ly common to bo? 9 a f> great] degree ?an are usually f\nd betwe5 two su* widely sep>at$ examples4 ,at any rate1 x is p]haps z safe a conjecture z any1 s9ce ! h& t trac$ ! plan ( ,cologne is lo/ 9 d\btful obscurity1 to consid] t !re is some?+ m ?an an imag9>y bond betwe5 ! ca!drals ( ,ami5s & ,cologne4 ,a resemblance /ill m to be rem>k$ is ! great height ( ! *oir & nave4 ,?is is mo/ m>k$ at ,ami5s & /ill m s at ,beauvais4 ,cologne1 z to ^! dim5sions1 ranks betwe5 ! two4 ,!re 0 once a ,romanesque ca!dral at ,cologne1 b a fire made way ) x 9 #abdh4 ,c]ta9 facts h come d[n to u reg>d+ ?is e>li] build+1 b !y appe> decid$ly contradictory1 ?\gh und\bt$ly x 0 an edifice ( ! conv5tional ,rh5i% v>iety4 ,x is suppos$ t ?is orig9al ca!dral _h at lea/ a family resemblance to ^? at ,may5ce1 ,worms1 & ,spey]4 ,^! ?ree great ecclesia/ical works 9 ! ,rh9e valley m>k ! ,hoh5/auf5 dyna/y z "o ( ! mo/ prolific 9 ,g]man *ur*-build+4 ,al?\gh !y are n z beautiful z "o pictures ! p]fect ca!dral ( 8 imag9ation1--at lea/ no m beautiful ?an _m o!r hybrid /ructures1--!y %[ an individuality t is peculi>ly ,rh5i%1 f> m s ?an ! pres5t ca!dral at ,cologne or any ( ! small] *ur*es ( ! region4 ,aft] ! fire 9 #abdh a new ca!dral 0 plann$ z a comm5surate %r9e 9 :i* to %elt] ! relics ( ! ,?ree ,wise ,m5 ( ! ,ea/1 :i* h5ce=? 7 to be kn[n z ,! ,?ree ,k+s ( ,cologne4 ,f ?is p]iod on1 ,cologne began to acquire su* weal? & prom95ce z to m>k ! era z ! ,gold5 ,age 9 ! civic & ecclesia/ical affairs ( ! city4 ,ab&on+ ! basilica plan entirely1 a great ,go?ic *ur* 0 und]tak54 ,9 its way x 0 to rival ^? ,go?ic ma/]pieces ( ,france4 ,! orig9 ( ! plan ( ! ca!dral 9 fact1 z well z 9 leg5d1 is vague4 ,"s h consid]$ ,ar*bi%op ,engelb]t1 ,c\nt ( ,altona & ,b]g1 :o 0 murd]$ 9 #abbe1 z ! au?or1 b ?is c h>dly h be5 s1 unless x 7 conceiv$ be=e ! basilica 0 burn$4 ,assidu\s rese>* has be5 made f "t to "t 9 an ef=t to discov] ! id5tity ( ! actual design] ( ! pres5t ca!dral3 ,ar*bi%ops ,engelb]t & ,conrad1 ,alb]tus ,magnus1 ,mei/] ,g]>d1 & o!rs h all _h ! hon\r some:at d\btfully aw>d$ to !m & aga9 )drawn4 ,!re is a great pa9t+ exhibit$ at ,frank=t call$ ,religion ,glorifi$ by ! ,arts1 by ,ov]beck1 :]e9 is an ideal portrait ( ! ,great ,unkn[n ( ,cologne pictur$ z ! g5ius ( ar*itecture4 ,a comp>atively rec5t discov]y seems to aw>d ! hon\r to ,g]>d de ,/4 ,trond4 ,a *>t] ( #abeg makes m5tion ( ! fact t ! *apt] ( ! ca!dral _h giv5 a h\se1 = s]vices r5d]$1 to "o ,g]>d1 a /one-cutt]1 :o _h direct$ ! "w ( con/ruction2 ?is gift be+ made "s ye>s aft] ! f\ndations 7 fir/ laid4 ,! same ar*itect figures among ! b5efactors ( ! hospital ( ,/4 ,ursula z ! ma/] ( ! works at ! ca!dral4 ,p]haps1 !n1 ! "n ( ,g]>d de ,/4 ,trond des]ves to be plac$ ) t ( ,lib]gi]1 ! design] ( ,reims1 ! greate/ ,go?ic spl5d\r ( ,france4 ,engelb]t's successor1 ,conrad ( ,ho*/$51 fur!r$ ! plans1 :oev] may h be5 _! creator1 & "w on ! new edifice 0 begun a few mon?s aft] ! de/ruction ( ! old] "o4 ,on ,augu/ #ad1 #abdh1 ! f\ndation-/one ( ! new /ructure 0 laid1 =ty-f\r feet bel[ ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,! portion fir/ erect$ 0 ! *oir1 & = ages x /ood1 z x /&s 9 its complet$ =m to-day1 z p]fect an example ( ! /yle ( its p]iod z is extant4 ,= sev5ty ye>s ?is *oir 0 tak+ =m1 until x 0 consecrat$ on ,septemb] #bg1 #acbb4 ,! occasion 0 a great "o = ,cologne & = ! *ur*4 ,! c]emony 0 att5d$ by mu* glitt] & pomp1 bo? ecclesia/ical & civil4 ,no soon] 0 ! *oir complet$ ?an x 0 embelli%$ z befitt$ ! %r9e ( ! ?ree k+s4 ,col\r$ glass1 /one1 & wood-c>v+1 & ! art ( ! gold & jewel smi? all bl5d$ to give a magnific5ce to ! :ole :i* 0 p]haps unapproa*able else:]e at ! "t4 ,!n1 = a "t1 en?usiasm & lab\r langui%$4 ,= ne>ly two c5turies ! "w 0 pursu$ by ! prelates & ar*itects 9 a mo/ desultory & int]mitt5t fa%ion4 ,! *oir _h be5 complet$1 & to ! we/w>d consid]able progress _h be5 made1 b !re 0 a gaunt ugly gap betwe54 ,x w\ld seem z ?\gh !re 7 no int5tion ( ev] jo9+ ! scatt]$ p>ts1 :i* 7 l9k$ only by ! f\ndation-/ones1 = ! nave & aisles 7 left m]ely cov]$ ) tempor>y ro(s4 ,!n ! ,re=mation came1 & t bod$ no good = ! ca!dral4 ,! p look$ askance at ! symbol ( su* great p[] 9 ! h&s ( ,rome4 ,! sev5te5? c5tury saw "s abortive ef=ts t[>d complet+ ! /ructure1 b 9 ! end all came to n\ght4 ,9 ! eighte5? c5tury ! *oir receiv$ its baptism ( ! ,r5aissance1 & c]ta9 incongru\s ,italian details 7 add$4 ,! /one scre5s :i* surr\nd$ ! *oir prop] 7 demoli%$ & ! pa9t$ glass ( ! tri=ium my/]i\sly disappe>$4 ,dur+ ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 ,republican troops biv\ack$ )9 ! walls ( ,cologne's ca!dral1 & ! *apt] fl$ to ,we/phalia1 leav+ beh9d valuable ar*ives :i* 7 de/roy$4 ,! v fact ( its pr(anation may h be5 ! cause :i* ha/5$ ! re/oration ( ! edifice4 ,napoleon himself 0 deeply mov$ by ! /ate ( ! ru9e pittoresque1 &1 ^u ! advice ( an ag5t ( 8 gov]nm5t1 made a some:at fitful attempt t[>d putt+ x 9 ord]4 ,?us ! impetus = ! "w ( re/oration & completion 0 giv54 ,aft] ,napoleon _h re/or$ ! *ur*es ( ,cologne to _! rightful gu>dians1 he transf]r$ ! ar*bi%opric to ,aix-la-,*apelle1 & ,b]?olet1 ! new bi%op1 contemptu\sly told ! p ( ,cologne to beautify _! ru9 by plant+ trees on its site4 ,! neglect to :i* ! *oir _h fall5 0 %ock+1 & x took an imm$iate exp5diture on ! "p ( ! citiz5s ( ov] ?irty ?\s& m>ks to m]ely repair ! leaks 9 its ro(4 ,tom ,hood1 a suppos$ hum\ri/1 b 9 reality a sad s\l1 wail$ ov] ,cologne's ca!dral :5 he saw x 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & call$ x a brok5 promise to ,god2 & ,wordswor? wrote ( x ?us3 ,oh6 = ! help ( angels to complete ,?is temple--,angels gov]n$ by a plan ,?us f> pursu$ 7h[ glori\sly67 by man4 ,a re>rangem5t ( ! ,ca?olic sees ( ,g]many took place 9 #ahba1 & ! ar*bi%opric ( ,cologne 0 ref\nd$ & ,c\nt ,*>les ,spiegel zum ,des5burg 0 appo9t$ ar*bi%op4 ,at ?is "t1 also1 0 und]tak5 ! repair & completion ( ! ca!dral1 & ?us :at _h long be5 a ru9 & an unf9i%$ ?+ 0 9 a fair way to be spe$ily complet$4 ,! rebuild+ ( ! *oir /imulat$ ! desire to c>ry ! entire "w to a f9i%1 & a sort ( second f\ndation-/one 0 laid by ,fr$]ick ,william ,,iv4 ( ,prussia on ,septemb] #d1 #ahdb1 :5 ! newly re/or$ *oir 0 also reop5$4 ,illu/ration3 ,cologne ,ca!dral 9 #ahbj ,f & old ,pr9t ,9 #ahdh ! nave _h suffici5tly progress$ to all[ ( its be+ consecrat$2 :i* c]emony took place at sev5 o'clock 9 ! morn+ ( ,augu/ #ad?1 six hundr$ ye>s aft] ! comm5cem5t ( ! *oir4 ,high mass 0 celebrat$ by ! ar*bi%op1 9 ! pres5ce ( ,ar*duke ,john1 ,k+ ,fr$]ick ,william ( ,prussia1 & a ho/ ( o!r notables4 ,)9 ! next tw5ty ye>s mu* progress 0 made 9 ! "w ( complet+ ! s\!rn nave1 ! we/ front--) ^? enorm\s pret5ti\s t[]s--! transepts1 & ! tri=ium & cl]e/ory ( ! nave & transepts4 ,9 #ahfc ! wall betwe5 ! fragm5t>y nave & ! *oir 0 remov$ & ! /ructure op5$ f end to end4 ,be=e #ahgj ! we/]n t[]s 7 spir$1 ?\gh ! f9al t\*es 7 n giv5 to !m until q #ahhj4 ,n[ t !y are f9i%$1 !re is an und5iable elegance & symmetry :i* _c be ga9said1 ?\gh !y 7 c]ta9ly heavily mass$ 9 ! e>ly views "o sees ( ! ca!dral 9 its unf9i%$ /ate4 ,"o /ill rem>ks ! app>5t--& real--/ubb9ess ( ! edifice :i*1 z ,f]gusson said1 w\ld h be5 alleviat$ if ! ov]hang+ transepts _h be5 omitt$4 ,:y !y %\ld h be5 omitt$ x is h>d to conceive1 & ! criticism does n seem a reasonable "o1 9 spite ( ! fact t a c]ta9 s5se ( l5g? is want+4 ,! nave is und\bt$ly v broad1 b x has d\ble aisles :i* satisfactorily acc\nts = ?is4 ,pr(essor ,freeman draws a significant contra/ betwe5 ! outl9e ( ! ca!drals at ,cologne & ,ami5s4 ,ami5s has no outl9e1 says he2 mean+ t !re is a paucity ( ! picturesqu5ess ( irregul>ity 9 its sky-l9e4 ,only at ,cologne1 he cont9ues1 is ?is outl9e se5 9 its p]fect /ate1 & ,cologne is a ,fr5* *ur* on ,g]man soil1 j z ,we/m9/] is a ,fr5* *ur* on ,engli% soil4 ,inde$1 among all ! great ca!drals x is only at ,cologne t we f9d a pair ( we/]n t[]s ) any k9d ( dignity & proportion4 ,! we/ front ( ,cologne is pretty mu* all t[]1 ) ! nave r rudely cr[d$ betwe5 ! two4 ,^! t[]s are 9 reality ( su* va/ bulk t !y outflank ! nave consid]ably1 z d _! small] c\nt]p>ts at ,wells1 ?\gh "h at ,cologne ! great transepts ov]fl[ ! wid? ev5 ( ^! great t[]s ( ! faade4 ,!re is a noble simplicity & yet a weal? ( w>m? & feel+ 9 ?is *ur*1 :i* runs ! :ole gamut ( ,go?ic1 f ! ?irte5? to ! sixte5? c5turies4 ,f ?is latt] date1 h[ev]1 ! /yle did n *ange1 b 0 c>ri$ out ) t devotion to ! orig9al plan :i* %\ld h inspir$ ! imitators ( ,go?ic 9 our own "t to h done bett] ?an !y h4 ,! cl]e/ori$ *oir ( ,cologne m ne>ly foll[s ! ,fr5* v>iety ?an does any o!r 9 ,g]many2 inde$ no o!r 9 ,g]many 9 any way approa*es ! dignity & h>mony ( ^? magnific5t *evets :i* ! ,fr5* build]s1 = a hundr$ ye>s be=e ,cologne1 _h s pr\dly re>$4 ,metz 9 a way also reflects ! same motive1 ?\gh t ca!dral 9 _m o!r respects is ,fr5*4 ,! apside is support$ by tw5ty-eight fly+ buttresses1 :i* aga9 are an e*o f ,france2 ?is "t ( ,beauvais2 & c]ta9ly1 if !y d n excel ! ,fr5* type1 !y at lea/ q rival x 9 beauty & grace4 ,"o ent]s ?r\gh a magnific5tly plann$ ve/ibule & comes at once1 n into d>kness1 b into a subdu$ & religi\s atmosph]e :i* is q 9 keep+ ) ! _s ( devotion4 ,!re are num]\s monum5ts scatt]$ ab\t1 & !re are eight fifte5?-c5tury tape/ries f ! ,gobel9s' factory4 ,! organ-case is unusually ornate & dates f #aegb4 ,! pulpit is n p]haps s elaborate z "o might expect f ! g5]al spl5d\r surr\nd+ x1 b its sculpture is di/9ctly good4 ,9 ! *oir1 on ! scre5s above ! /alls1 is a s]ies ( re/or$ frescoes :i* came to light aft] a coat+ ( :itewa% _h be5 remov$4 ,!y 7 admirably re/or$ by ,/e9le 9 ! mid-n9ete5? c5tury & are v beautiful4 ,! decorations depict sc5es f ! life ( ! ,virg9 & are also reproduc$ 9 "p 9 ! glass ( ! lady-*apel4 ,a mod]n alt>1 9 ! m$ival /yle1 has replac$ ! sev5te5?-c5tury ,r5aissance "w1 :i* is manife/ly = ! bett]1 judg+ f ! old engrav+s t "o sees ( ! =m] unlovely alt>4 ,! glass ?r\gh\t is h>dly ( ! excell5ce t "o might expect1 b ! effect is und5iably good4 ,a portion ( t 9 ! ,*apel ( ! ,?ree ,k+s is a relic ( ! old ,romanesque ca!dral1 :ile t ( ! nor? aisle ( ! nave dates f ! "t ( ,dr]4 ,t ( ! w9d[s ( ! ,*apel ( ! ,?ree ,k+s has be5 call$ "o ( ! mo/ beautiful pages out ( ! book ( ! fifte5?-c5tury glass-work]4 ,! subject ref]r$ to is1 ( c\rse1 ,! ,adoration ( ! ,magi4 ,! capitals ( ! columns ( ! nave & *oir are sup]bly foliag$1 & add mu* to ! g5]al sumptu\s appe>ance ( ! int]ior4 ,be=e ! ,*apel ( ! ,?ree ,k+s are _m tombs2 ! mo/ rem>kable be+ t :i* cov]$ ! rema9s ( ,m>ie de ,m$ici1 :o di$ 9 exile at ,cologne 9 #afdb4 ,"o kn[s t aft] ! dea? ( ! crafty ,ri*elieu ! body ( ! que5 0 transport$ to ,/4 ,d5is1 !re to re/ ) o!rs ( ! long l9e ( k+s & que5s !re buri$1 b ! he>t rema9$ at ,cologne1 &1 next to ! relics ( ! ,?ree ,k+s1 x is ! *ief sight ( int]e/ to inquisitive t\ri/s4 ,! casket 9 :i* repose ! relics ( ! ,?ree ,magi is a ma/]work ( ! goldsmi?'s art ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,incru/$ on its surface 7 m ?an fifte5 hundr$ preci\s jewels1 al?\gh "s h disappe>$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! ages4 ,among !m is a topaz ( mon/r\s size1 :i* excites ! admiration ( all :o set eyes ^u x4 ,9 #agid ! canons transport$ ! casket to ,arnsb]g1 to ,prague1 & to ,frank=t1 _! f9ancial difficulties ( ! "t =c+ !m to sell ! cr[ns ) :i* ! skulls 7 adorn$4 ,s9ce !n o!r coronets h replac$ ! fir/1 set ) gems & /ones br\ght f ,bohemia4 ,on ! #bc;d ,july1 #aafd1 ^! relics 7 fir/ deposit$ 9 ! anci5t ca!dral1 f :i* !y 7 subsequ5tly transf]r$ to ! new edifice amid mu* c]emony4 ,9 _! fir/ re/+-place !y 7 gu>d$ only by a simple iron grille up to ! "t :5 ! ar*bi%op ,maximilian ,h5ry con/ruct$ ! dicule :i* encloses !m to-day4 ,on ! p$im5t ( ?is scre5 is sculptur$ an ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 by ,mi*el ,van d] ,voor/ ( ,antw]p4 ,!re are also figures ( ,/4 ,felix & ,/4 ,nabor1 & two female figures be>+ ! arms ( ! ,metropolitan ,*apt]4 ,on ! frieze is ! foll[+ inscription3 ,,tribus ,,ab ,,ori5te ,,regibus ,,devicto ,,9 ,,agnitione ,,v]i ,,num9is ,,mundo ,,capitulum ,,metropol ,,erexit4 ,& above ! great w9d[1 ^: grille is op5$ on c]emonial occasions to all[ ! public a bett] view ( ! relics1 is grav5 ! foll[+3 ,,corpora ,,sanctorum ,,recubant ,,hic ,,t]na ,,magorum ,,ex ,,8 ,,sublatum ,,nihil ,,e/ ,,alibive ,,locatum4 ,f9ally "o reads ! foll[+ s+le l9e plac$ betwe5 ! columns at ! "r & left ( ! relics3 ,et ap]tis !sauris suis1 obtul]unt mun]a4 ,beh9d ! reliqu>y :i* encloses ! skulls is a bas-relief 9 m>ble repres5t+ ! solemn j\rney by :i* ! relics 7 fir/ br\ght f ,milan4 ,a bas-relief 9 bronze1 ri*ly gild$1 repres5ts an ,adoration4 ,x 0 ! gift ( ,jacques de ,croy1 ,duc de ,cambrai1 9 #aeaf4 ,! w9d[ above conta9s "s f9e glass ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,be=e ! high alt> are f\r great c&elabra ( r$di% copp]1 ca/ at ,lige 9 #aggj4 ,! sculptur$ /alls ( wood1 :i* range !mselves 9 a d\ble r[ 9 ! *oir1 are notable = ! pr(usion ( figures ( m5 & animals :i* !y %[ 9 _! c>v+4 ,!y are p]haps n comp>able ) ! /alls at ,ami5s & at ,antw]p1 nor ) ^? 9 ,/e4 ,ccile at ,albi 9 ,france2 b !y m]it1 nev]!less1 a v high rank = excell5ce1 & are v ext5sive z to size & numb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,/one-masons' m>ks1 ,cologne ,ca!dral ,to sum up1 ! ca!dral at ,cologne has _h ! good =tune to h be5 c>ri$ out 9 a pure & di/9ct ,g]man =m ( ,go?ic )\t ! int]polation ( any outr disfigurem5ts4 ,x is a sumptu\s edifice1 p]haps ! gr&e/1 9 g5]al effect1 ( any *ur* 9 ,europe1 n ev5 =gett+ ! spl5did ca!drals at ,reims1 ,ami5s1 or ,*>tres1 all ( :i* /& out f among _! surr\nd+s 9 mu* ! same impos+ mann] z does ,cologne4 ,"o recognizes ev5 to-day on ! /ones ( ,cologne's ca!dral c]ta9 cryptogramic m>ks :i* are suppos$ to be m]ely ! id5tify+ m>ks ( "s p>ticul> /onemason's lab\r1 & are n1 z has be5 d\btfully advanc$ f "t to "t1 ( any o!r significance :atev]4 ,illu/ration ,,xxvi ,,! ,,*ur*es ,,( ,,cologne ,! popul> int]e/ 9 ,cologne1 ! anci5t ,colonia ,agripp9a ( ! ,romans1 & ! romantic incid5ts connect$ ) x1 are s great t "o might devote a l>ge volume to ! city1 & !n ! half ( its leg5d & hi/ory w\ld n h be5 told4 ,cologne is "o ( ! mo/ anci5t cities ( ,g]many4 ,x takes its place beside ,trves & ,may5ce z "o ( ! e>lie/ seats ( ,*ri/ianity2 b ! actual date ( ! e/abli%m5t ( ! *ur* 9 ,cologne is lo/ 9 obscurity4 ,!re 7 und\bt$ly p]sons pr(ess+ ! ,*ri/ian fai? 9 ! colony 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 & t[>d ! ye> #cab ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e1 hav+ embrac$ ! fai? himself1 gave 8 protection to its adh]5ts ?r\gh\t 8 colonies4 ,! *ur* ( ,/4 ,pet] at ,cologne conta9s a pa9t+ pres5t$ to x by ,rub5s 9 memory ( ! fact t he 0 baptiz$ be=e ! alt> ( ?is *ur*4 ,( ?is picture1 a ,crucifixion ( ,/4 ,pet]1 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds wrote3 ,x 0 pa9t$ a little "t be=e ,rub5s's dea?4 ,! body & head ( ! sa9t are ! only good p>ts 9 ?is picture1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is f9ely col\r$ & well drawn2 b ! figure b5ds too sudd5ly f ! ?ighs1 :i* are ill drawn1 or1 r1 9 a bad ta/e ( draw+2 z is likewise 8 arm1 :i* has a %ort int]rupt$ outl9e4 ,! action ( ! malefactors has n t en]gy :i* he usually gave to 8 figures4 ,rub5s1 9 8 lett]s to ,gildorp1 expresses 8 own approbation ( ?is picture1 :i* he says 0 ! be/ he ev] pa9t$2 he likewise expresses 8 cont5t & happ9ess 9 ! subject1 z be+ picturesque2 ?is is likewise natural to su* a m9d z t ( ,rub5s1 :o 0 p]haps too mu* look+ ab\t him = ! picturesque1 or some?+ uncommon4 ,a man ) 8 head d[nw>ds is c]ta9ly a m extraord9>y object ?an if ! head 7 9 its natural place4 ,_m p>ts ( ?is picture are s feebly drawn1 & ) s tame a p5cil1 t ,i _c help suspect+ t ,rub5s di$ be=e he _h complet$ x1 & t x 0 f9i%$ by "s ( 8 s*ol>s4 ,/4 ,m>ia 9 ,capitola1 "o ( ,cologne's fam\s *ur*es1 /&s on ! site ( ! anci5t capital ( ! ,romans4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ p]fect examples extant ( a triaps$ *ur*1 ?\gh ! ?ree apses !mselves are suppos$ to h be5 an aft]?\ght add$ 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 :]eas ! nave dates f ! c5tury be=e4 ,! nave1 too1 has an int]polation or addition to its orig9al =m 9 t a ,go?ic ro( 0 add$ "s ?ree hundr$ ye>s aft] x _h fir/ be5 cov]$ ) a pla9 wood5 ceil+4 ,! ?ree apses unfold gr&ly1 ) ! high alt> 9 ! mo/ ea/]ly or middle t]m9ation4 ,! g5]al effect ( ! int]ior is decid$ly high col\r$1 ) mu* poly*romatic decoration & pa9t$ glass4 ,9 ! ,h>d5ra? *apel are f\nd ! mo/ /rik+ ( ^! mural decorations1 :i* are int]e/+ z illu/rat+ a c]ta9 phase ( art1 if n = _! supreme excell5ce4 ,/4 ,pantaleon's claims to be ! mo/ anci5t *ur* 9 ! city1 dat+ z f> back z ,a4 ,d4 #ihj1 :5 x 0 re>$ f ! /ones ( ! ,roman bridge :i* be=e t "t /ret*$ across to ,deutz4 ,! *apel ( ! ,m9orites conta9s ! tomb ( ,duns ,scotus1 & a horrible tale is told ( 8 entombm5t alive1 ( 8 revival 9 8 c(f91 8 /ruggle to escape1 & 8 body be+ f\nd aft]w>d at ! clos$ door ( ! sepul*re1 ) ! h& eat5 (f by himself ere he di$ ( hung]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,font4 ,s4 ,,m>t94 ,,cologne4 ,a peculi>ity ( ,cologne's *ur*es--= x is possess$ by ! ,apo/les' ,*ur*1 ,/4 ,cunib]t's1 & ,/4 ,&rew's--is ! we/]n apse4 ,su* a memb] is n unique to ,cologne1 = x exi/s 9 ! ca!dral at ,nev]s1 9 ,france1 & !re are yet o!r examples 9 ,g]many2 b its use is suffici5tly uncommon to w>rant speculation z to its purpose4 ,! ,apo/les' ,*ur* has ?is feature mo/ highly develop$4 ,! edifice is a noble pile dat+ f e>ly 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 b recon/ruct$ two c5turies lat]1 to :i* p]iod x really belongs s f> z its g5]al *>act]i/ics are conc]n$4 ,n all ! *ur* ar*itecture ( ,cologne is ,go?ic2 inde$ ! *ur*es ( ! ,apo/les & ,/4 ,m>t9 ea* %[ ! ,lomb>d influ5ce to a m>k$ degree4 ,! ?ree apses1 & _! r\nd ar*es & gall]ies1 are l a bit ( ,italy transport$ nor?w>d4 ,/4 ,m>ia 9 ,capitola1 f\nd$ by ! wife ( ,pep91 has ! same *>act]i/ics1 :ile ,/4 ,m>t9 has ! outl9e ( q ! ideal ,romanesque *ur*4 ,its great t[]1 :i* fills ! squ>e betwe5 ! apses1 is c]ta9ly "o ( ! mo/ beautiful to be se5 on a long r\nd ( ,european travel4 ,?is t[] mu/ date f ! latt] ye>s ( ! twelf? c5tury1 & yet1 al?\gh ( a p]iod contempor>y ) ! ,go?ic ( ,notre ,dame de ,p>is1 x is s ?or\ghly ,romanesque t "o wond]s t1 9 ,cologne at lea/1 ! /yle ev] di$ out z x did :5 ! great ,go?ic ca!dral 0 conceiv$4 ,/4 ,&rews is ano!r triaps$ *ur*1 & is consid]$ "o ( ! be/ & mo/ elaborately design$ fabrics ( ! ,romanesque type on ! ,rh9e1 p>ticul>ly 9 respect to its c5tral t[]1 ! nave1 & ! we/ transept4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gross ,/4 ,,m>t9 ,,cologne ,!re has be5 mu* late ,go?ic rebuild+1 b ! *ief *>act]i/ics ( ! e>li] p]iod di/9ctly pr$om9at$4 ,! apses are polygonal1 b x is ?\ght t !y may1 9 e>li] times1 h be5 semicircul> l ,/4 ,m>t9's1 ,/4 ,m>y's1 & ! ,apo/les' ,*ur*es4 ,/4 ,gron's is an octagonal *ur* simil> to t ( ,*>lemagne at ,aix-la-,*apelle4 ,ev5 m ?an ! latt] x has be5 alt]$1 rebuilt1 & add$ to1 b ! orig9al outl9e is /ill readily trac$ 9 spite ( ! fact t its f\ndations may h come d[n f ! fif? c5tury4 ,x is m difficult1 h[ev]1 to foll[ its evolution 9 detail ?an x is 9 ! case ( ,*>lemagne's %r9e at ,aix-la-,*apelle4 ,! /yle is di/9ctly ,rh5i%1 ?\gh n alone 9 ,g]many d su* r\nd *ur*es exi/2 "o recalls ! ,templ>s' ,*ur* 9 ,london & ! fam\s example at ,rav5na 9 ,italy4 ,! great decagon ( ,/4 ,gron's is cov]$ ) a dom$ ro(1 also divid$ into t5 sections by gro9s or ribs1 :i* rise gracefully f ! sl5d] %afts at ! angles1 meet+ at ! apex 9 a boss4 ,! anci5t collegiate build+s :i* =m]ly surr\nd$ ,/4 ,gron's h disappe>$1 b !re is yet an ext5sive /ructure ( a m mod]n date :i* enfolds ! c5tral pile4 ,! ea/]ly apse is l[ & rectangul>1 :ile ! faade ( ! we/ is flank$ by two ,romanesque unspir$ t[]s4 ,/4 ,gron's is "o ( ! mo/ curi\sly con/ruct$ *ur*es ( ! middle ages4 ,x 0 f\nd$ by ! ,empress ,hlne 9 hon\r ( ! ,?ban m>tyrs1 :o1 to ! numb] ( ?ree hundr$ & n9ety-five1 di$ = _! fai?1 ) _! capta9s1 ,gron & ,gregory1 t[>d ! end ( ! ?ird c5tury1 9 ! reign ( ! ,emp]or ,diocletian4 ,"o ent]s by a rectangul> por*1 :]e are dispos$ "s fragm5ts ( ,roman rema9s4 ,! rotunda1 or decagon1 s rem9isc5t ( ,aix-la-,*apelle1 dates f a p]iod contempor>y !re)1 s f> z its l[] walls are conc]n$1 b ! upp] portions are ( ! twelf? c5tury1 at lea/4 ,bel[ ! ar*es are ! *apels :i* surr\nd ! decagon 9 symmetrical fa%ion4 ,above is ! organ & ! adjo9+ *oir walls4 ,9 ! latt] are wall$ up innum]able skulls ( ! companions ( ,/4 ,gron1 & 9 ea* ( ! *apels is a great s>cophagus1 also conta9+ ! bones ( ! m>tyrs4 ,altoge!r ! ?\ght :i* arises is n a pleasant "o1 no matt] h[ wor?y ! object ( pres]v+ su* a va/ quantity ( human rema9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,g,r,,on',s1 ,,cologne ,! high alt> is q isolat$1 & ! pavem5t ( ! *oir itself1 :i* is aisleless1 rises beh9d x to a height ( a doz5 or m /eps1--a frequ5t occurr5ce 9 ! ,rh9e *ur*es4 ,! apse has an ins]tion ( ,go?ic w9d[s1 b ! elev5?-c5tury ,romanesque features are /ill prom95t4 ,9 ! *oir are a s]ies ( flamboyant ,go?ic /alls1 above :i* are monum5tal tablets let into ! wall4 ,at ! entrance ( ! *oir are two colossal /atues ( ! m>tyr$ sa9ts1 !n sev5 o!rs1 beh9d :i*1 at ! base ( ! apside1 is ano!r alt>4 ,! tape/ries :i* surr\nd ! *oir are ( ! haut-lisse weav+1 & repres5t ! life hi/ory ( ,joseph4 ,b5ea? ! *oir is a va/1 antique crypt1 :i* conta9s yet o!r s>cophagi fill$1 presumably1 ) human bones4 ,! pavem5t is compos$ ( fragm5ts ( antique mosaic4 ,! ,jesuit *ur* at ,cologne is "o ( ! few ,r5aissance examples on ! ,rh9e4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 mo/ un*ur*ly1 :5 judg$ by ,fr5* /&>ds4 ,c]ta9ly ?is ,g]man example is highly beautiful bo? 9 design & execution2 b x is n *ur*ly1 & its great cyl9drical columns1 /rung toge!r by a gall]y1 give ! appe>ance ( a foy] 9 an op]a-h\se or ( a mod]n railway-/ation1 r ?an t ( a place ( wor%ip4 ,x is all nave2 !re are no transepts1 & !re is no *oir prop]ly speak+1 b m]ely a *ancel1 n v deep & aga9 v un*ur*ly1 ) two ugly lights on ei!r side1 & a sort ( pagoda-l scre5 :i* is decid$ly !atrical4 ,! c>v+ ( ! pulpit & ! disposition ( all ! decoration is extremely biz>re1 b und5iably excell5t 9 execution4 ,cologne is an ar*bi%opric :i* has = suffragan sees1 ,trves1 ,mn/]1 & ,pad]born4 ,! abbeys & *ur*es :i* 7 erect$ 9 ,cologne1 :5 ! ar*bi%op fir/ took up 8 resid5ce !re 9 ! latt] "p ( ! eigh? c5tury1 7 num]\s & exce$+ly ri* 9 end[m5t4 ,s mu* 0 ?is s t ,cologne 0 giv5 ! "n ( ! ,holy ,city ( ! nor?4 ,! ,jews ( ,cologne 7 a num]\s body1 b a decree ( #adbe drove !m all f ! city4 ,9 #afah a new decree likewise expell$ ! ,prote/ants4 ,"t regulat$ all ?is1 b 9 ^? days ,cologne clung pr\dly to ! position :i* %e _h atta9$ z a *ampion ( ! or?odox religion4 ,9 all1 !re 7 two abbeys1 two collegiate *ur*es1 ! ca!dral1 =ty-n9e *apels1 ?irty-n9e mona/]ies1 two conv5ts = wom51 & _m comm&]ies ( ! ,teutonic ord] & ! ,ord] ( ,malta4 ,ne> ,cologne is ! f9e old ,ci/]cian abbey ( ,alt5burg4 ,x conta9s "s v anci5t col\r$ glass1 p]haps ! mo/ beautiful ( its era extant1 = x is ?\ght to date f betwe5 #abgj & #acjj1 :5 ! art fir/ atta9$ any great excell5ce4 ,t :i* rema9s to-day %[s foliage & diap] 9 great v>iety1 ) no figures :atev]1 ?is be+ a di/9ct t5et ( ! ,ci/]cian build]s1 :o1 9 ! sev]ity ( _! rule1 fr[n$ d[n all decorative effects t bord]$ ^u ! frivol\s4 ,^! w9d[s at ,alt5burg1 be+ ! be/ examples ( _! k9d1 are ! di/9ct arti/ic attraction ( ! great abbey1 :i* is a doz5 or m miles di/ant f ,cologne4 ,! *oir 0 comm5c$ 9 #abee & complet$ almo/ imm$iately2 b ! entire ma9 fabric 0 n f9i%$ until well on 9 ! c5tury foll[+4 ,illu/ration ,,xxvii ,,aix-,,la-,,*apelle ,z ,r\5 9 ,norm&y 0 kn[n z ! city ( ! ,conqu]or1 s ,aix-la-,*apelle became kn[n1 at a mu* e>li] date1 z ! city ( ,*>lemagne4 ,*>lemagne 0 m ?an a conqu]or2 he 0 a /atesman1 ) a b\ndless ambition4 ,he f\nd$ ! ,g]man ,empire1 & *ang$ tribes ( lawless b>b>ians into a civiliz$ p4 ,at ,aix-la-,*apelle he receiv$ ! embassies ( ! ,caliph ( ,baghdad & ( ! ,saxon ,k+s ( ,engl&1 & !re he endeav\r$ to advance ! enlight5m5t ( 8 p by ! f\nd+ ( mona/]ies & by giv+ v mat]ial aid to ! monks & prie/s4 ,aix !re=e became ! sc5e ( "s ( ! mo/ int]e/+ episodes 9 ! life & c>e] ( ,*>lemagne4 ,at ! dea? ( 8 consort1 ,fra/rade1 ,*>lemagne 0 inconsolable4 ,ev5 :5 %e _h be5 dead = ?ree weeks1 ! mon>* w\ld n he> h] dea? spok5 (4 ,%e did b sleep1 he said2 & ! ,emp]or clung to ! *amb] ( 8 belov$1 & w\ld n abate 8 wat*fulness till ,fra/rade woke4 ,meantime ! affairs ( ! ,empire 7 fall+ into confusion4 ,prov9ces 7 all b revolt+1 & =eign foes 7 mu/]+ _! =ces4 ,! ,emp]or's *ief c\nsellor 0 ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,reims4 ,"o night--?\gh ?is is m leg5d>y ?an hi/orical--! ar*bi%op 0 walk+ by himself :5 he came ^u a %ape 9 ! moonlight :i* proclaim$ itself z foll[s3 ,i am ! good g5ius ( ,*>lemagne4 ,i came to tea* y h[ to remove ! %ad[ f 8 _s4 ,dig1 :]e ,i /&1 a grave & let ! fe/]+ body ( ,fra/rade lie 9 x4 ,b1 m>k y6 ,ere y move h] body1 se>* b5ea? h] tongue & take out :at y f9d !re4 ,! ar*bi%op hurri$ t[>d a grotesquely c>v$ cottage door :]e liv$ a grav$igg]4 ,no silk5 sleep] s calm z !y ,:o seek a c\* 9 ! *ur*y>d clay1 sang a voice f )94 ,illu/ration3 ,,*>lemagne ,9 half an h\r ! grave 0 begun1 & 9 ano!r half-h\r ! *ur*man 0 9 ! *amb] ( ,fra/rade1 :]e ! ,emp]or1 exhau/$ by 8 vigil1 slept kneel+ at ! b$side4 ,! ar*bi%op approa*$1 &1 pe]+ into ! m\? ( ! corpse1 saw b5ea? ! tongue a glitt]+ jewel4 ,) ha/y f+]s he seiz$ ! tok51 &1 z he remov$ x1 a l\d wail />tl$ ! sil5ce ( ! dea?-*amb] & ar\s$ ! k+4 ,! spell 0 brok54 ,?r[+ b a s+le glance at ! corpse ( 8 wife1 ,*>lemagne left ! *amb]1 &1 ev5 z he w5t1 agre$ to ! ar*bi%op's arrangem5ts = h] burial4 ,! grave s secretly made ready 0 unnecess>y1 h[ev]1 = ! body 0 borne to ,may5ce1 :]e a tomb rais$ to ! memory ( ,fra/rade is /ill to be se54 ,at ! ar*bi%op's desire ,*>lemagne once m took 8 seat 9 ! ,c\ncil ( ,/ate1 & once m ! ,empire 0 put 9 ord]4 ,! c\rti]s res5t$ ! adv5t ( ! *ur*man into ! fav\r ( ! ,emp]or1 :o at l5g?1 :5 ! c\rt 0 sitt+ at ,aix-la-,*apelle1 det]m9$ to rid himself ( ! my/ic jewel4 ,*oos+ a d>k night1 he s\ght a deep pool ne> ! c5tre ( a morass z be+ suitable = conceal+ ! gem1 :i* he _h det]m9$ no man %\ld ev] see4 ,com+ ^u ! spot1 & hold+ ! bauble 9 8 h& above ! wat]s1 he dropp$ x & saw x s9k1 z ?\gh ! pit 7 bottomless4 ,b ! brilliancy ( ! gem 0 inext+ui%able4 ,next morn+ ! c\rt 0 pleas$ to note t ! ar*bi%op's influ5ce ov] ! ,emp]or 0 q gone4 ,z ! ,emp]or 0 /roll+ ab\t ! city1 he fell ^u ! pool :i* held ! gem4 ,!re he w\ld sit by ! h\r1 gaz+ ^u ! /ill wat]s1 ne> :i* he aft]w>d built himself a home1 kn[n to-day1 ?\gh 9 ru9s1 z ! ca/le ( ,frank5b]g4 ,a few ye>s aft] ! dea? ( 8 wife1 ,*>lemagne built ,la ,*apelle1 t great octagonal *ur* :i* gives ! city its ,fr5* "n4 ,! tomb ( ,*>lemagne is !re1 inscrib$ only ,c>olo ,magno4 ,he di$ at ,aix-la-,*apelle 9 #had1 & 0 buri$ ) great pomp4 ,victor ,hugo gives ,aix-la-,*apelle z ! place ( 8 bir?1 :i* is manife/ly an error4 ,*>lemagne's body 0 plac$ 9 ! tomb 9 a sitt+ po/ure1 & ?ree c5turies lat] 0 exhum$ by ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa t he might sit 9 ! same place1 & aft]w>d ! ,g]man ,emp]ors us$ ! seat z a sort ( ?rone ( /ate at _! coronations4 ,illu/ration ,! sword & sceptre & all t 0 mortal ( ! great ,*>lemagne are gone1 b 8 memory /ill lives 9 an endur+ monum5t 9 ! ca!dral4 ,! ca!dral is wond]ful = its antiqu>y & *>m+ to all :o come )9 its spell2 fur!rmore x =ms a %r9e = h]o-wor%ipp]s :i* %\ld n be neglect$4 ,at "o ( ! entrances is a bronze wolf1 plac$ !re to keep 9 memory a monki% leg5d :i* passes curr5t at ,aix-la-,*apelle to ?is day4 ,x runs z foll[s3 ,9 =m] times ! zeal\s & dev\t inhabitants ( ,aix-la-,*apelle det]m9$ to build a ca!dral4 ,= six mon?s ! clang ( ! hamm] & axe res\nd$ ) wond]ful activity1 b alas6 ! money :i* _h be5 suppli$ by pi\s ,*ri/ians = ?is holy "w became exhau/$1 ! wages ( ! masons 7 susp5d$1 & ) !m _! desire to hew & hamm]1 =1 aft] all1 m5 7 n s v religi\s 9 ^? days z to build a temple on cr$it4 ,?us x /ood1 half-f9i%$1 resembl+ a fall+ ru94 ,moss1 grass1 & wild p>sley fl\ri%$ 9 ! cracks ( ! walls1 scree*-owls already discov]$ conv5i5t places = _! ne/s1 & amor\s sp>r[s hopp$ lov+ly ab\t :]e holy prie/s %\ld h be5 tea*+ lessons ( *a/ity4 ,! build]s 7 conf\nd$2 !y endeav\r$ to borr[ "h & !re1 b no ri* man c\ld be induc$ to advance s l>ge a sum4 ,! collection f h\se to h\se fell %ort4 ,:5 ! magi/racy receiv$ ?is report1 !y 7 out ( hum\r1 & look$ ) despond+ c\nt5ances t[>d ! ca!dral walls1 z fa!rs look ^u ! rema9s ( fav\rite *ildr54 ,at ?is mom5t a /rang] ( comm&+ figure & some?+ ( pride 9 8 voice & be>+ ent]$ & exclaim$3 ',bon ,dieu6 !y say t y are out ( spirits4 ,hem6 if no?+ b money is want+1 y may console y\rselves1 g5tlem54 ,i possess m9es ( gold & silv]1 & bo? c & w mo/ will+ly supply y ) a ton ( x4' ,! a/\nd$ ,s5ators sat l a r[ ( pill>s1 measur+ ! /rang] f head to foot4 ,! burgoma/] fir/ f\nd 8 tongue4 ',:o are y1 noble "l1' said he1 't ?us1 entirely unkn[n1 speak ( tons ( gold z ?\gh !y 7 sacks ( beans8 ,tell u y\r "n1 y\r rank 9 ?is _w1 & :e!r y are s5t f ! regions above to assi/ u4' ',i h n ! hon\r to reside !re1' repli$ ! /rang]1 '&1 betwe5 ourselves1 ,i beg mo/ p>ticul>ly to be no long] tr\bl$ ) que/ions conc]n+ :o & :at ,i am4 ,suffice x to say ,i h gold pl5tiful z summ] hay6' ,!n1 draw+ =? a lea!rn p\*1 he proce$$3 ',?is little purse conta9s ! t5? ( :at ,i'll give4 ,! re/ %all soon be =?com+4 ,n[ li/51 my ma/]s1' cont9u$ he1 cl9k+ ! co91 'all ?is trump]y is & %all rema9 y\rs if y promise to give me ! fir/ little s\l t ent]s ! door ( ! new temple :5 x is consecrat$4' ,! a/oni%$ ,s5ators n[ sprang f _! seats z if !y _h be5 %ot up by an e>?quake1 & !n ru%$ pell-mell1 & fell all ( a lump into ! f>!/ corn] ( ! room1 :]e !y roll$ & clung to ea* o!r l lambs fright5$ at fla%es ( lightn+4 ,only "o ( ! p>ty1 :o _h n entirely lo/ 8 wits1 collect$ 8 rema9+ s5ses1 &1 draw+ 8 head out ( ! heap1 utt]$ boldly1 ',avaunt1 ?\ wick$ _s6' ,b ! /rang]1 :o 0 no less a p]son ?an ,ma/] ,urian1 laugh$ at !m4 ',:at's all ?is outcry ab\t8' said he at l5g?2 'is my (f5ce s he9\s t y are all become l *ildr58 ,x is ,i t may suff] f ?is bus9ess1 n y4 ,) my hundr$s & ?\s&s ,i h n f> to run to buy a score ( s\ls4 ,f y ,i ask b "o 9 ex*ange = all my money4 ,:at are y pick+ at /raws =8 ,"o may pla9ly see y are a m]e set ( humbugs6 ,= ! good ( ! commonweal? 7:i* high-s\nd+ "n is (t5 borr[$ = all sorts ( purposes71 _m a pr9ce w\ld in/antly conduct a :ole army to be but*]$1 & y refuse "o s+le man = t purpose6 ,fie6 ,i am a%am$1 ,o ov]wise c\nsellors1 to he> y reason ?us absurdly & citiz5-l4 ,:at6 d y ?9k to deprive y\rselves ( ! k]nel ( y\r p by grant+ my wi%8 ,oh1 no1 !re y\r wisdom is q at fault1 =1 dep5d on x1 hypocrites are always ! e>lie/ *ur*-birds4' ,by degrees1 z ! cunn+ fi5d ?us spoke1 ! ,s5ators took c\rage & :isp]$ 9 ea* o!r's e>3 ',:at is ! use ( our resi/+8 ,! grim lion w only %[ 8 tee? once2 if we don't ass5t1 we %all infallibly be pack$ (f ourselves4 ,x is bett]1 !re=e1 to quiet him directly4' ,sc>cely 0 ?is sangu9>y contract conclud$ :5 a sw>m ( purses flew into ! room ?r\gh ! doors & w9d[s1 & ,urian1 m civil ?an be=e1 took leave )\t leav+ any smell beh9d4 ,he /opp$1 h[ev]1 at ! door1 & call$ out ) a grim le]3 ',c\nt x ov] aga91 = fe> t ,i may h *eat$ y4' ,! helli% gold 0 pi\sly exp5d$ 9 f9i%+ ! ca!dral1 b1 nev]!less1 :5 ! build+ %one =? 9 all its spl5d\r1 ! :ole t[n 0 fill$ ) fe> & al>m at ! sight ( x4 ,! fact 0 t1 al?\gh ! ,s5ators _h promis$ by bond & oa? n to tru/ ! secret to anybody1 "o ( !m _h prat$ to 8 wife1 & %e _h made x a m>ket-place tale1 s t all decl>$ !y w\ld nev] set foot )9 ! temple4 ,! t]rifi$ c\ncil n[ consult$ ! cl]gy1 b ! good prie/s all hung d[n _! heads4 ,at la/ a monk cri$ out3 ',a ?\ght /rikes me4 ,! wolf :i* has s long ravag$ ! neighb\rhood ( our t[n 0 ?is morn+ caught alive4 ,?is w be a well-m]it$ puni%m5t = ! de/roy] ( our flocks2 let him be ca/ to ! devil 9 ! fi]y gulf4 ',tis possible ! ar* hell-h\nd may n reli% ?is breakfa/1 yet nol5s vol5s he mu/ swall[ x4 ,y promis$ him c]ta9ly a s\l1 b ^: 0 n decid$ly specifi$4' ,! monk's plan 0 plausible1 & ! ,s5ate det]m9$ to put ! cunn+ trick into execution4 ,at l5g? ! day ( consecration arriv$1 & ord]s 7 giv5 to br+ ! wolf to ! pr9cipal entrance ( ! ca!dral4 ,s1 j z ! bells began to r+1 ! trap-door ( ! cage 0 pull$ op51 & ! savage bea/ d>t$ out into ! nave ( ! empty *ur*4 ,ma/] ,urian1 f 8 lurk+-place1 beheld ?is consecration (f]+ ) ! utmo/ fury4 ,burn+ ) *ol] at be+ ?us deceiv$1 he rag$ l a tempe/ & !n ru%$ =?1 slamm+ ! brass gate s viol5tly aft] him t ! r+s split 9 two4 ,?is crack1 :i* s]ves to commemorate ! prie/'s victory ov] ! tricks ( ! devil1 is /ill exhibit$ to ! gap+ travell]s :o visit ! ca!dral4 ,s mu* = ! leg5d4 ,b ! devil1 disappo9t$ at ! turn ( affairs 9 respect to ! ca!dral1 _h 8 rev5ge :5 ,aix1 fifty ye>s or m ago1 fir/ became ! c5tre ( public gam+-tables1 :i* only lately h be5 des]t$ by :at is kn[n z sm>t society = o!r resorts ( a simil> nature else:]e4 ,!re c be no "q b t ,*>lemagne's *ur* at ,aix1 :ile x is itself a r vivid memory ( ,rav5na1 is ! prototype ( mu* *ur*-build+ else:]e4 ,! r\nd *ur*es ( ,g]many foll[$ 9 due c\rse1 :ile1 9 respect to "s details1 ! ca!dral has be5 claim$ to be ! =]unn] ( ! true ,go?ic4 ,at any rate1 !re is a reflection ( its dome 9 t :i* t]m9ates ! c5tre ( ! cross ( ,/4 ,fdle at ,como4 ,! simil>ity goes to prove t ,*>lemagne's indu/ry 9 *ur*-build+ 9 ,italy 0 z great z 8 desire ( conque/4 ,! *ur* at ,aix-la-,*apelle 0 frankly design$ z ! tomb ( ,*>lemagne1 & t p]haps acc\nts = ! comb9+ ( ! rotunda ( a c]emonial edifice ) t ( a basilica int5d$ solely = wor%ip4 ,"p ( x 0 und\bt$ly ! "w ( ! ,comac9e build]s :om ,*>lemagne br\ght f ,italy1 & "p is no?+ m ?an an importation or adaptation ( classical & ,byzant9e adornm5ts4 ,*>lemagne's ar*itects /udi$ geography & climate well :5 !y erect$ ?is l9k betwe5 ! ,romanesque-,lomb>dic /yle ( ! s\? & ! ,go?ic ( ! nor?4 ,t portion ( ! pres5t ca!dral at ,aix-la-,*apelle :i* 0 built by ,*>lemagne is ! octagonal projection t[>d ! ea/4 ,x =ms a truly regal mausoleum1 & = twelve hundr$ ye>s has well /ood ! m>* ( "t4 ,x is suppos$ to h be5 ! mo/ magnific5t *ur* edifice ( ,*>lemagne's era ?r\gh\t all ,europe1 ?\gh x 0 s]i\sly injur$ by an e>?quake a few ye>s aft] its completion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,aix-,,la-,,*apelle ,,ca!dral ,lat] x 0 plund]$ by ! ,normans1 & x suff]$ disa/r\s fires 9 #aadf1 #abcd1 #abcf1 & #afef1 hav+ 9 consequ5ce und]gone _m mat]ial *anges4 ,its ext]nal features h be5 consid]ably add$ to1 b ! prototype ( ! r\nd & octagonal *ur*es1 subsequ5tly erect$ 9 ,g]many1 is "h visible to-day 9 all its comp>ative novelty4 ,! granite & porphyry columns :i* support ! ar*es giv+ ^u ! int]ior ( ! octagon 7 once tak5 & c>ri$ to ,p>is1 b =tunately !y 7 return$ & aga9 put into position4 ,! *oir ( ! *ur*1 z x n[ is1 0 n begun until #acec1 & 0 f9i%$ 9 ! c5tury foll[+4 ,x is pure ,go?ic ( ! mo/ approv$ v>iety1 :]eas ! octagon *ur* is z pure ,romanesque2 & ! two compon5ts d n bl5d or m+le 9 ! lea/4 ,9 ! ro( ( ! octagon is a rem>kable specim5 ( mod]n wall & ro( decoration1 :i* might bett] h be5 omitt$4 ,!re is a cloi/] lead+ f ! nor?we/ *apel :i* has rec5tly be5 re/or$4 ,x is a delightful retreat1 & has ! /ations ( ! cross display$ ^u its inn] wall4 ,!re are num]\s r>e & valuable relics 9 ! ca!dral2 ! *ief ( :i* is ! flag/one1 :i*1 be>+ ! simple words1 ,c>olo ,magno1 is suppos$ to cov] ! actual burial-place ( ,*>lemagne4 ,above ?is is a magnific5t *&eli]1 rem9isc5t ( ano!r 9 ! *ur* at ,hilde%eim1 ! gift ( ! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa4 ,eight *apels surr\nd ! octagon1 & 9 ! ,*apel ( ! ,holy ,cross is a magnific5t alt>-piece consi/+ ( a crucifix c>v$ 9 wood4 ,mo/ ( ! k+s & que5s :o 7 cr[n$ at ,aix-la-,*apelle pres5t$ articles ( value to ! sacri/y4 ,! mo/ magnific5t ( ^! is a s>cophagus 9 ,p>ian m>ble repres5t+ ! ,rape ( ,pros]p9e4 ,! m>ble *air on :i* ,*>lemagne 0 f\nd sitt+ 9 8 tomb1 & ^u :i* ! ,g]man emp]ors 7 cr[n$1 is yet to be se54 ,! relics 9 ! ca!dral are divid$ into two classes4 ,9 ! fir/ class are ^? :i* are ! mo/ sacr$2 9 ! second class are ^? ( less] importance4 ,! latt] are visible at all times2 ! =m] only once 9 sev5 ye>s1 :5 !y are expos$ = a =tnight4 ,! *oir-/alls are set aga9/ ! walls 9 a curi\s fa%ion1 & !re are *airs in/ead ( ! usual ,g]man b5*es = ! congregation4 ,! appe>ance ( ?is celebrat$ ca!dral f ! outside is mo/ curi\s1 s9ce ! erections & additions ( lat] c5turies h n be5 symmetrical4 ,!re is a tall1 mod]n spire :i* is n a beautiful addition1 & ! magnific5t octagon has _h a slate ro( add$1 :i* likewise is a detraction4 ,/4 ,adelb]t's 0 ano!r anci5t *ur* ( ,aix-la-,*apelle1 b x has giv5 way to a mod]n edifice be>+ ! same "n1 ?\gh x is 9 good ta/e & mo/ pleas+ 9 its int]ior arrangem5t4 ,! ,m9orit5 ,kir*e is a monki% f\ndation ( ! f\rte5? or fifte5? c5tury4 ,its nave & aisles all come "u "o canopy vault1 & its aisleless *oir is squ>$ (f abruptly ) an enorm\s c>v$ & pa9t$ alt>-piece ( no great excell5ce4 ,x is pleasant to recall "h t ! c\ncil ( ,aix-la-,*apelle made laws1 :i* ,*>lemagne himself enc\rag$1 ref]r+ to ! treatm5t ( pilgrims by ! hospices :i* 7 s g5]ally e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ,*>lemagne's realm 9 ,c>lov+ian times4 ,to ! ord9>y f9e = murd] !re 0 add$ sixty soldi m if ! p]son kill$ 7 a pilgrim to or f a hospice4 ,any :o d5i$ food & %elt] to a pilgrim 0 f9$ ?ree soldi4 ,^! 7 ! regulations put into effect ?r\gh ,*>lemagne's dom9ions at ! sugge/ion ( ,pep9 ,,ii4 ,illu/ration ,,xxviii ,,li,,ge ,! natural highway f ,antw]p & ,brussels to ! ,rh9e lies ?r\gh ,lige & ,aix-la-,*apelle1 or ,aa*51 z ! ,g]mans call ! latt]4 ,wordswor?1 9 8 wond]ful travel poem1 wrote ( ! ,meuse1 :i* fl[s by ,lige on its way to ! ,royal ,ard5nes1 9 a way :i* %\ld induce _m sat$ travell]s to foll[ 9 8 foot/eps1 & "k some?+ ( ! fasc9at+ *>m ( ?is mo/ f]tile & p]haps ! mo/ picturesque ( all ! riv]s ( ,europe4 ,:at loveli] home c\ld g5tle fancy *oose8 ,9 ?is ! /ream1 ^: cities1 heights & pla9s1 ,w>'s fav\rite playgr\nd1 are ) crimson /a9s ,famili>1 z ! morn ) pe>ly dews4 99 99 99 99 99 ,h[ sweet ! prospect ( yon wat]y glade1 ,) its gray locks clu/]+ 9 p5sive %ade1 ,t1 %ap'd l old mona/ic turrets1 rise1 ,f ! smoo? mead[ gr\nd s]5e & /ill4 ,z "o j\rneys on to ,lige1 ,roman influ5ces h left _m & visible rema9s4 ,cross+ ! pla9 ( ,ne]v9d51 "o ent]s ! prov9ce ( ! ,ligeois1 :]e ! ,fr5* 7 defeat$ by ! ,au/rians 9 #agic1 ?us releas+ ,belgium f ! ,gallic yoke4 ,at ,l&5 "o recalls t x is ! t[n ( ! inception ( ! family ( ,*>lemagne :i* gave to ,france h] second race ( k+s4 ,lige has be5 call$ ! ,birm+ham ( ,cont95tal ,europe4 ,x might bett] be call$ "o ( ! =emo/ indu/rial c5tres ( ! _w1 = su* x is to-day4 ,x is beautifully plac$ 9 an amphi!atre-l valley1 & its tall *imneys1 its smoke1 & its gr9d ( :eels bespeak an activity & unre/ ( :i* ! =m] ages knew n4 ,=m]ly ! ,ligeois 7 a turbul5t & trucul5t folk1 if "o is to believe hi/ory4 ,if1 h[ev]1 "o does n c>e to g back to hi/ory1 he might turn to ! pages ( ,qu5t9 ,durw>d & read ( ! _s ( romance :i* once surr\nd$ ,lige & its p4 ,! fam\s ,leg5d ( ! ,ligeois rec\nts h[ a work+ blacksmi? f\nd an inexhau/ible supply ( coals = 8 =ge ?r\gh ! aid ( a gnomi% old man4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g5]al ,,view ( ,,li,,ge ,previ\sly ! smi?'s fires _h burn$ l[1 & only ! old man's song inspir$ him to =age on ! hillside1 ) ! result t ! future prosp]ity ( ! city grew up f ! accessibility ( ?is inexhau/ible coal supply4 ,! old man's /ory ran ?us3 ,w9e's good 9 w9try wea!r4 ,up ! hillside ne> ! hea!r1 ,g & ga!r ! black e>?1 ,x %all give y\r fire bir?4 ,ill f>es ! hide :5 ! buckl] wants m5d+1 ,ill f>es ! pl\gh :5 ! c\lt] wants t5d+4 ,:5 ,lige1 ?r\gh its prosp]ity1 _h gr[n to good proportions1 its gov]nm5t 0 assign$ to a sort ( prelate-proprietor4 ,^! pr9cely prelates 7 (t5 b lads ( eighte5 or tw5ty1 :o became id5tifi$ ) ! ,*ur*1 frequ5tly en\gh1 simply because ( ! p[] x gave !m4 ,! craftsm5 & artisans ( ! city b\ght _m rights f "t to "t f ! bi%ops1 & f9ally wre/$ ! p[] f out ( ! h&s ( ! ,*ur*1 mu* z did ! burgh]s ( o!r cities f _! feudal lords4 ,!n foll[$ ! /ruggle1 :i* 9 ,fl&]s rag$ p]haps m bitt]ly ?an else:]e 9 ,europe2 ! ris+1 :]e ! _m f\ght aga9/ ! privileg$ few1 & mu* riot & blood%$ 0 caus$ on all sides4 ,!n came fir/ ! burgh] h]oes ( ,lige1 :o1 l _! confrres 9 ,gh5t & ,bruges1 f\nd 9 _m in/ances ! m>tyrdom ( ! patriot4 ,9 ! ,place ,/4 ,lamb]t =m]ly /ood--until #ahja1 :5 x 0 remov$ aft] hav+ be5 damag$ by a mob--! =m] ca!dral ( ,/4 ,lamb]t1 :i* took its "n f ! fir/ bi%op ( ,lige4 ,?is anci5t ca!dral 0 ( mu* gr&eur & magnific5ce1 attributes :i* ! pres5t ca!dral ( ,/4 ,paul decid$ly lacks4 ,x 0 9 ?is v5]able ca!dral ( ,/4 ,lamb]t t ,qu5t9 ,durw>d w5t to he> mass1 z we le>n f ,scott's novel1 & "h also1 aft] ! fam\s siege ( ,lige by ,l\is ,,xi4 & ,*>les ! ,bold1 ! two pr9ces !mselves repair$ = ! same purpose4 ,/4 ,lamb]t ( ,lige & ! ?ree ,k+s ( ,cologne 71 x w\ld appe>1 ! *ief patrons to :om ,qu5t9 & 8 e>ly foll[]s made _! v[s4 ,! bi%opric 0 f\nd$ by ,hraclius 9 #ifh1 & a *ur*1 ( :i* ! pres5t *oir is a "p1 0 built ^u ! site ( ! pres5t ,/4 ,paul's 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! see 0 =m]ly a suffragan ( ,cologne1 & ! only bi%opric 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries except ,t\rnai & ,utre*t4 ,! pres5t ca!dral is consi/5tly en\gh a ,go?ic *ur*1 b x is n a satisfactory example1 9 spite ( its magnific5t proportions4 ,( a cruci=m plan1 & ) a nave :i* 0 only complet$ 9 #aebh1 x is a poor apology = a great ,go?ic *ur*1 su* z we "k at ,metz1 ,nancy1 or ev5 at ,brussels4 ,its we/]n t[]1 satisfactory en\gh 9 itself1 is cr[n$ ) a ludicr\s spire1 :i* dates only f #ahab4 ,s9ce ,/4 ,lamb]t's has disappe>$1 & ! pres5t ,/4 ,paul's dates only f ! ante-,revolution>y days1 ! *ief ecclesia/ical treasure ( ! city is ! glise ,/4 ,jacques4 ,x 0 f\nd$ 9 #ajad by ! ,bi%op ,baudry ,,ii41 b ! ,romanesque t[] to ! we/ is ( ! c5tury foll[+1 & ! :ole fabric 0 v mu* modifi$ 9 #aeac-ch4 ,x is a magnific5t flamboyant ,go?ic *ur* ( q ! fir/ rank1 :5 comp>$ ) o!rs ( its k9d else:]e4 ,x has an ample nave & aisles ) a polygonal *oir & a s]ies ( radiat+ *apels :i* are s+ul>ly beautiful4 ,! magnific5t nor? portal is an addition ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! int]ior has be5 call$ ,spani% 9 its motive4 ,c]ta9ly x is n q l any o!r ,go?ic =ms we "k 9 ^! p>ts1 & does be> "s resemblance to t peculi> v>iety ( ,go?ic :i* belongs to ,spa94 ,! *oir has "s f9e glass %[+ ! armorial be>+s ( =m] patrons ( ! *ur*4 ,!re is a beautiful c>v$ /one /aircase & mu* sculptur$ /onework 9 ! *oir4 ,! organ-buffet is ornate1 ev5 ( its k9d1--a ma/]piece ( cab9et-mak+1--& 0 ! "w ( ,&re ,sev]9 ( ,mae/ri*t 9 #afgc4 ,! left transept1 :i* is "s ?irty feet long] ?an ! "r1 has a f9e pa9t+ ( a ,mat] ,dolorosa1 :ile1 opposite1 is a /one monum5t to ! f\nd] ( ! *ur*1 ,baudry ,,ii41 ( ,r5aissance workman%ip4 ,/4 ,jean is ano!r pre-t5?-c5tury f\ndation ( ! ,bi%op ,notg]1 some:at aft] ! plan ( ! r\nd *ur* at ,aix-la-,*apelle4 ,x 0 entirely rebuilt1 h[ev]1 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 ?\gh ! orig9al octagon 0 kept intact4 ,at "s di/ance f ! city1 on a height :i* may be truly call$ dom9at+1 is ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>t91 f\nd$ 9 #ifb1 & recon/ruct$1 aft] ! ,go?ic mann] ( ! "t1 contempor>y ) ,/4 ,jacques4 ,( rec5t times x has be5 re/or$4 ,if any sep>ation or division ( its p>ts c be made1 "o concludes t ! *oir is ,g]man1 & its nave ,fr5*4 ,9 #abdf !re 0 held 9 ?is *ur* a ,fte ,dieu foll[+ ^u a vision ( ,/e4 ,juli5ne1 ! abbess ( ,cornillon ne> ,lige4 ,! fte 0 orda9$ by ,pope ,urba9 ,,iv41 :o himself _h be5 a canon ( ! ca!dral ( ,lige4 ,/e4 ,croix 0 ano!r ( ,notg]'s f\ndations1 9 #igi1 on ! site ( an anci5t *teau4 ,! *oir 0 built t[>d #aage1 & has an octagonal t[] ) a gall]y ( small columns j "u ! ro(1 aft] ! mann] kn[n z di/9ctly ,rh5i%4 ,! *ur* exhibits ?or\ghly t ,rh9e mann] ( build+ :i* made comb9$ use ( ! ,go?ic & ,romanesque1--9 bewild]+ fa%ion1 to "o :o has previ\sly kn[n only ! comp>atively pure types ( ,france4 ,! nave & its aisles rise to ! same height1 b ! apsidal *oir is aisleless4 ,! g5]al effect ( ! int]ior is light & graceful1 ) circul> columns 9 a blue-gray /one1 :i* is v beautiful4 ,a s]ies ( f\rte5? or fifte5? c5tury ,/ations ( ! ,cross fill ! ar*es ( ! transepts2 q an unusual arrangem5t ( ?is feature1 & "o :i* seems well consid]$4 ,/4 ,b>?lemy's is ,lige's o!r great *ur*4 ,x is a basilica ( five naves & two ,romanesque t[]s4 ,x dates 9 reality f ! twelf? c5tury1 b has be5 greatly mod]niz$4 ,/4 ,b>?lemy's might h be5 a highly int]e/+ example ( a ,romanesque *ur* _h x n be5 desecrat$ by late ,italian details4 ,/4 ,b>?lemy's has a twelf?-c5tury art treasure 9 a braz5 font1 ca/ 9 #aaab by ,patras1 a brass-f\nd] ( ,d9ant on ! ,meuse4 ,its b[l depicts five baptismal sc5es 9 high relief1 ea* accompani$ by a descriptive leg5d4 ,^u ! rim ( ! b[l is ! foll[+ leg5d3 ,biss5is bobus pa/orum =ma notatur1 ,quos et apo/olice comm5dat gratia vite1 ,(ficiiq2 gradus quo flum9is impetus bujus ,letificat sanctam purgatis civibus urbem4 ,illu/ration ,,xxix ,d,,sseldorf1 ,,neuss1 ,,& ,m,,n*5-,,gladba* ,dsseldorf ,among /hetic p 9 g5]al1 ,dsseldorf is rev]$--or 0 rev]$1 ?\gh ! "t has long s9ce pass$--= t /yle ( pictorial art kn[n to ! _w z ! ,dsseldorf ,s*ool4 ,a rem>kably good collection ( pictures rema9s 9 its art gall]y to rem9d u ( ! fame ( ,dsseldorf z an art c5tre1 b to-day its art has become old-fa%ion$1 & ! gay little metropolis has _m1 if m worldly1 c\nt] attractions4 ,dsseldorf takes its "n f ! little riv] ,dssel :i* jo9s ! ,rh9e at ?is po9t4 ,! ,fr5* guide-books call ,dsseldorf ! plus coquettes des bords du ,rh92 & s x really is1 = few t\ri/s g !re = its *ur*es alone1 ?\gh !y are by no means squalid or inf]ior4 ,! city 0 ! resid5ce ( ! ,c\nts1 aft]w>d ! ,dukes1 ( ,b]g--= x 0 made a du*y by ! ,emp]or ,w5ceslaus--f ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury to ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5?4 ,9 #ahjf ,napoleon made x ! capital ( a new ,gr& ,du*y ( ,b]g 9 fav\r ( ,joa*im ,murat4 ,by ! treaty ( #ahae ,dsseldorf fell to ,prussia1 & became ! *ief t[n ( ! reg5cy ( ,dsseldorf1 & ! seat ( a sup]ior c\rt ( ju/ice4 ,occupy+ ! site t x does1 on ! banks ( a great wat]way1 ! city naturally became ! c5tre ( an important comm]ce4 ,dsseldorf is ! bir?place ( _m :o h borne great names2 ( ! philosoph] ,jacobi & 8 poet bro!r2 ! ,b>on de ,hompes*1 ! la/ gr& ma/] ( ! ,ord] ( ,malta2 ,von ,ense1 ! em95t litt]ateur2 ! poet ,he9ri* ,he9e 7:o di$ at ,p>is 9 #ahee71 & ! pa9t]s ,cornelius1 ,l5z51 & ,a*5ba*4 ,! pr9cipal *ur* edifice is t d$icat$ to ,/4 ,lamb]t1 ! ,h(kir*e4 ,x has a /rong & h>dy t[]1 v tall1 & surm\nt$ by a slate-cov]$ spire4 ,! ogival /yle pr$om9ates1 & ! fabric dates mo/ly f ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,its *ief feature is its *oir1 :i* is f> m ample & beautiful ?an ! nave4 ,! re/ ( ! edifice fails to express any v high ideals ( *ur*-build+4 ,at ! foot ( ! apside1 beh9d ! *oir1 is a mausoleum erect$ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury = ! elector1 ,john ,wilhelm1 :o di$ 9 #afij4 ,9 ! ambulatory ( ! *oir is1 on ! left1 a florid ,go?ic tab]nacle1 & by ! second pill> ( ! nave is a colossal /atue ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph]4 ,!re are _m tombs ( ,jacobeans1 & ( ! ,dukes ( ,b]g4 ,!re are also a numb] ( pa9t+s by ,dsseldorf arti/s scatt]$ ab\t ! *ur*1 b !y h n ! qualities exhibit$ by ! old ,flemi% ma/]s1 & are h>dly wor?y ( rem>k4 ,on ! ext]ior ( ! s\!rn wall is affix$ an imm5se ,calv>y1 :i* is !atrical 9 ! extreme1 & is n dignifi$ nor *ur*ly4 ,! ,jesuit *ur* is n rem>kable ar*itecturally1 b !re are a numb] ( tombs !re9 ( ! pr9ces ( ! h\se ( ,neub\rg4 ,! ru9s ( ! anci5t *teau ( ,dsseldorf sugge/ b fa9tly its =m] glories be=e x 0 de/roy$ by ! ,fr5* bomb>dm5t ( ! city 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,x has be5 re/or$1 9 a way1 b ) little reg>d = hi/orical traditions1 & a "p ( ! edifice 0 made ! home ( ! fam\s ,dsseldorf academy ( pa9t+1 f\nd$ 9 #aggg by ,*>les ,!odore & re/abli%$ 9 #ahbb4 ,x gave bir? to a celebrat$ s*ool ( pa9t+1 n[ all b dead4 ,among ! fam\s & well-kn[n names connect$ !re) are3 ,cornelius1 ,s*ad[1 ,less+1 ,s*irm]1 ,hildebr&1 & ,koehl]2 ! ,am]ican1 ,l5tz52 ! ,norwegians1 ,tidemann & ,gude2 ! l&scape pa9t]s1 ,web] & ,fay2 & ! hi/orical pa9t]s1 ,knaus1 ,hbn]1 & ,s*eur52 & f9ally ! celebrat$ engrav]1 ,kell]4 ,! museum & ! gall]y ( pa9t+s are /ill sup]b1 & =m a contribution to ! hi/ory ( ! art ( all ages :i* w\ld be q incomplete )\t x4 ,!re are t5 *ur*es 9 ,dsseldorf1 & a synagogue1 b 9 tru? !re is n mu* ( int]e/ 9 !m all1 & ! h&some/ city ( ,g]many mu/ re/ its fame on some?+ m ?an its appeal to ! lov] ( *ur*es4 ,neuss ,!re is n mu* ab\t ! compact1 ?\gh r unga9ly1 little city ( ,neuss to int]e/ any b ! lov] ( *ur*es1 ?\gh its hi/ory is v anci5t1 & ! developm5t ( its patronymic ?r\gh ,novesium1 ,niusa1 & ,nova ,ca/ra bespeaks volumes = ! "p x has play$ 9 ! pa/4 ,its orig9 dates back to ! "t ( ,drusus1 & x is m5tion$ by ,tacitus z ! w9t] qu>t]s ( ! ,roman ,army4 ,! city 0 ravag$ by ,attila 9 #dea1 & by ! ,normans 9 ! n9? c5tury4 ,emp]or ,philip ( ,suabia captur$ x 9 #abjf1 & gave x to ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cologne4 ,a *apt] ( nobles 0 f\nd$ "h 9 #hbe1 & ,c\nt ,evr>d ( ,clves & ,b]?a1 8 wife1 erect$1 9 ! fir/ ye>s ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 its pr9cipal *ur* d$icat$ to ,/4 ,quir9us4 ,?is *ur* /&s to-day1 ) its great squ>e t[] loom+ bulkily ov] ! h\se-tops1 & is reckon$ z ! prototype ( _m simil> /ructures else:]e4 ,x has ! almo/ p]fect disposition & developm5t ( ! d\ble apse s frequ5tly met ) 9 ,g]man *ur*es4 ,9 g5]al1 its ar*itecture is ( a heavy ord]1 & ! :ole /ructure is grim1 ?\gh by no means gaunt nor cold4 ,illu/ration3 ,,neuss ,/4 ,quir9us is ( ! epo* :5 ! ,romanesque 0 be+ replac$ ne>ly ev]y:]e by ! new-com+ ,go?ic4 ,9 spite ( ?is1 its /yle is1 curi\sly en\gh1 nei!r "o nor ! o!r1 nor is x transition1 ?\gh ! po9t$ ar* has crept 9 & (t5 elim9at$ ! ,romanesque attributes ( ! r\nd-ar* /yle r\nd ab\t4 ,x is manife/ly n transition1 because !re 0 no transition "h f ,romanesque to ,go?ic4 ,x rema9$ palpably ,romanesque 9 spite ( ,go?ic int]polations4 ,9 ! w9d[s "o c b rem>k ! indecision :i* prompt$ ! build]s to fa%ion !m 9 su* extraord9>y squat %apes1 & !y c]ta9ly s]ve _! purpose ( light+ ! int]ior v badly4 ,! nave & aisles ( ,/4 ,quir9us are ample1 & its spaci\s mnn]*re 9 ! tri=ium is l all its fell[s 9 ! ,g]man *ur*es1 an adjunct :i* adds to ! g5]al effect ( size4 ,! *ur* dates f #abji1 ! p]iod :5 ! ,go?ic influ5ce 0 n only mak+ itself felt ov] ! bord]1 9 ! doma9 ( ,france & ,burgundy1 b 0 already ext5d+ its influ5ce else:]e4 ,b "h1 we/w>d ev5 ( ! bord]s ( ! ,rh9e1 ! r\nd ar* l+]$ on1 to ! exclusion ( any v m>k$ ,go?ic t5d5cy4 ,!re is an inscription 9 /one on ! s\? wall ( ! *ur* :i* places ! date ( its erection beyond all d\bt4 ,x reads ?us3 ,,anno 4 ,,inc>na4 ,,dni 4 ,,mc4,c4,v4,i4,i4,i4,i4 ,,pmo 4 ,,ip]ii 4 ,,an ,,no 4 ,,ottonis 4 ,a ,,dolfo 4 ,,colon ,,epo 4 ,,sophia 4 ,a ,,bba 4 ,,magi/] ,,wolb]o 4 ,,po ,,suit 4 ,,pmu 4 ,,lap ,,ide 4 ,,fundame ,,nti 4 ,,hui 4 ,,tem ,,pli 4 ,i 4 ,,die 4 ,,sci 4 ,,di ,,onisii 4 ,,m>4 ,:5 a =m] ,c\nt ( ,clves f\nd$ ! primitive *ur* "h 9 ! n9? c5tury1 x 0 a collegiate *ur* atta*$ to ! abbey ( :i* ! "m sup]ior 0 ! ,abbess ,sophia1 presumably ! same ref]r$ to 9 ! above inscription4 ,! abbey itself 0 de/roy$ 9 #aaii dur+ a civil w>f>e4 ,?\gh n really a massive /ructure1 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,quir9us is1 9 e p>ticul>1 ( a /r5g? & solidity :i* rank x z a ma/]work ( its age4 ,!re is no?+ weak & att5uat$ ab\t x1 & its transepts & apses make up 9 g5]al effect :at x lacks 9 actual area4 ,! faade is impos+1 ?\gh decid$ly biz>re :5 comp>$ ) ! simple fl[+ l9es ( ,go?ic2 b1 on ! :ole1 ! effect is "o ( a c]ta9 gr&eur4 ,! aisles are a/oni%+ly tall :5 comp>$ ) ! nave4 ,!re are v>i\s meet+s ( r\nd-ar*$ w9d[s & arcades ) ^? ( a po9t$ nature1 b !re is n ! slighte/ evid5ce ( a developm5t or transition f "o to ! o!r1 h5ce ! ,go?ic /ra9 may be said n to exi/4 ,! g5]al effect ( ! ext]ior is poly*romatic1 :i* is n accord+ to ! be/ conceptions ( ecclesia/ical decorations 9 ar*itecture4 ,a twilight or a moonlight view1 h[ev]1 tones x all d[n 9 a mann] t makes ! fabric appe> q ! mo/ impos+ *ur* ( its size t "o may f9d 9 ^! p>ts4 ,! great c5tral t[]1 rem9isc5t en\gh ( ! p>i% *ur* 9 ,engl&1 b n s frequ5t 9 ,g]many1 & /ill less s 9 ,france1 =ms a great lant]n :i* rises ov] ! cross+ 9 a m>vell\s & exce$+ly practical mann]1 9 t x af=ds ab\t ! only adequate means ( admitt+ light into ! int]ior4 ,! tri=ium ( ! nave is ! *ief int]ior feature to be rem>k$1 & is mo/ spaci\sly plann$4 ,x =ms ! mnn]*re be=e m5tion$4 ,! cl]e/ory w9d[s are decid$ly ,rh5i% 9 "*1 resembl+1 says "o antiqu>y1 :o is a hum\ri/ if no?+ else1 an ace ( clubs4 ,at any rate1 x is a mo/ unusual & ineffici5t mann] ( light+ a great *ur*4 ,^! w9d[s are practically trefoils ( mo/ unsymmetrical proportions1 & are 9 e way unlovely4 ,! *oir is rais$ on a plat=m1 b5ea? :i* is ! crypt4 ,?ree flights ( /eps lead to ?is plat=m1 :i* gives x a f> m gr& appe>ance ?an its actual dim5sions w\ld o!rwise all[4 ,! *oir-/alls are ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & are ! only m$ival furni%+s to be se5 9 ! *ur* to-day4 ,! apses conta9 only mod]ately effective glass4 ,! frescoes 9 ! cupola ( ,/4 ,quir9us1 :i* are ! "w ( ,cornelius ( ,dsseldorf 7ab\t #ahaa71 are mo/ int]e/+1 & are among ! mo/ successful ( ! great numb] ( mod]n works ( _! k9d to be se5 9 ,g]many4 ,mn*5-,gladba* ,mn*5-,gladba* is "o ( ^? snug little ,g]man t[ns t "o comes across n[ & !n :5 w&]+ along (f ! beat5 track4 ,its /reets are trim & clean1 & its h\ses likewise1 ) a brilliancy ( fre% pa9t :i* is consi/5tly & prov]bially ,dut*4 ,b5ea? "o's foot is a sea ( cobble/ones all worn to a smoo?ness :i* argues ! tramp ( c\ntless hordes ( feet ov] c5turies ( "t1 if pav+-/ones h really be5 inv5t$ s long4 ,) all its air ( prosp]ity & provid5ce1 ,mn*5-,gladba* is n a highly int]e/+ t[n 9 :i* to l+]4 ,its "n is comp\nd$ ( its prefix1 mean+ monk's1 ) its orig9al patronymic1 ,gladba*4 ,! monks ( ,gladba* 7 a "p ( ! e/abli%m5t :i* f\nd$ ! m9/] *ur* ( ,gladba*1 an old abbey or mona/ic edifice :i* /&s to-day1 a great transeptless ?irte5?-c5tury /ructure ) an elevat$ *oir rea*$ f ! nave by two flights ( t5 or a doz5 /eps4 ,! crypt is ent]$ f betwe5 ^! two flights ( /eps1 & =ms all t is left to m>k ! primitive *ur*4 ,! r\nd-ar*$ /yle & ,go?ic1 ( a sort1 int]m+le 9 ! nave 9 bewild]+ fa%ion until "o wond]s 9 :at classification x really belongs4 ,! op5+s f ! aisles to ! nave are po9t$1 :ile above is an unpi]c$ tri=ium ) a cl]e/ory ( r\nd-head$ ar*es4 ,9 ! aisles are :at ,jacobean ar*itects call$ fanlights1 a s]ies ( peculi>ly %ap$ op5+s l an oddly %ap$ fan4 ,!y are di/9ctly ,rh5i%2 inde$ !y are n ackn[l$g$ to be f\nd else:]e1 & h5ce may be consid]$ z "o ( ! *ief po9ts ( di/9ction ( ?is o!rwise n rem>kably appeal+ *ur*4 ,!re are no aisles 9 ! *oir1 :i* dates f ! ?irte5? c5tury & t]m9ates ) a multi-sid$ apse pi]c$ by long lancet w9d[s4 ,! ,/adt ,kir*e ( ,gladba*1 or ! p>i% *ur* z x prop]ly takes rank1 is /ill a ,ca?olic edifice & %[s ! advantage ( hav+ be5 kept 9 active use4 ,!re is no?+ mu/y or moss-gr[n ab\t x1 b 9 e way x is z w>mly appeal+ z ! monks' *ur* is coldly unattractive4 ,!re is no m>k$ *oir t]m9ation1 its great aisles ext5d+ completely to ! re> ) j a suspicion ( a rudim5t>y p5tagonal apse to sugge/ ! ea/]ly end4 ,?is is a common en\gh arrangem5t 9 ,g]man *ur*es1 :i* m frequ5tly ?an n1 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ! date ( ?is /ructure1 possess$ no?+ b a squ>$-(f ea/ end1 aft] ! ,engli% mann] ( build+4 ,at ! we/]ly end is a well-plann$ t[] di/9ctly ,rh5i%--if x 7 n x w\ld be ?\ght heavy--& :]e ! *oir is suppos$ to jo9 ! nave ! ro( is surm\nt$ by a t9y spire1 :i*1 9 tru?1 is no addition ( beauty4 ,! int]ior %[s great height1 &1 if ( no great ar*itectural spl5d\r1 has en\gh mural embelli%m5t & attractive glass to /amp x z a livable & lovable edifice = religi\s wor%ip1 :i* is a good deal m ?an mo/ mod]n *ur* build+s ev] acquire4 ,! six bays ( ! nave %[ po9t$ ar*es spr++ f r\nd$ columns4 ,!re is an arcad$ tri=ium1 & an elaborate s]ies ( cl]e/ory w9d[s :i* %[ ! geometrical & flamboyant ,go?ic 9 its p]fection4 ,! apse is light$ ) five w9d[s ( great height4 ,! glass is a mixture ( col\r & monotone1 b ! effect is und5iably good4 ,! *ancel is s %all[ t ! *oir fl[s ov]1 z x 71 into "o bay ( ! nave1 :ile ! *oir-/alls !mselves are plac$ 9 ! aisles4 ,c]ta9ly a mo/ unusual1 & p]haps a unique1 arrangem5t4 ,an alt> fronts ! we/ end ( ei!r range ( /alls1 & back1 at ! ea/]ly end ( ! aisles1 is f\nd ano!r alt>4 ,! high alt> has a h&some mod]n scre5 9 ! =m ( a gilt tripty*1 :i* is s+ul>ly effective & impos+4 ,b5ea? ! t[]1 at ! we/]ly end1 is ! bapti/]y1 entrance to :i* f ! body ( ! *ur* is ga9$ ?r\gh a l[1 po9t$ ar*4 ,illu/ration ,,xxx ,,ess5 ,,& ,,dortmund ,ess5 ,ly+ j to ! ea/w>d ( ! ,rh9e are ,ess5 & ,dortmund4 ,! =m] 0 once ! site ( a p[]ful abbey ( ,b5$ict9e nuns1 :i* 0 dissolv$ 9 #ahjc4 ,! abbess ( ,ess5 0 always a titl$ p]son1 & 0 a memb] ( ! ,we/phalian circle ( ! ,imp]ial ,e/ates1 9 :i* capacity %e held a gov]n+ "r ov] a l>ge tract ( c\ntry imm$iately surr\nd+ ! abbey4 ,!re are ! spires ( five *ur*es hidd5 away 9 ! =e/ ( *imneys ( ! manufactories ( ,ess5 :i* rise skyw>d f ! ,rh9el& pla94 ,x is n a v beautiful picture t "o sees f across ! railway viaduct1 b a rem>kable "o1 & "o t has und5iable elem5ts ( ! picturesque4 ,! ca!dral at ,ess5 is a conglom]ate gr\p ( build+s ( _m epo*s4 ,! *ur* prop] consi/s ( a ?ree-aisl$ nave1 ) ! usual *oir app5dage 9 :at mu/ pass = acceptable ,go?ic4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g5]al ,,view ( ,,ess5 ,!re are ,romanesque features :i* date back z f> z #hgd1 :5 ! orig9al edifice 0 built by ,bi%op ,alfr$ ( ,hilde%eim4 ,! crypt1 ! transept1 & possibly a "p ( ! *oir f\ndation1 are ( ! elev5? c5tury1 & are ( ,romanesque motive2 b ! ,go?ic fabric sup]imposes itself ^u ^! e>ly works 9 ! /yle 9 vogue 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,!re are evid5ces ( a c5tral octagon1 l t at ,aix-la-,*apelle1 & ,/4 ,gron's at ,cologne1 b ! f\rte5?-c5tury rebuild+ has practically cov]$ ?is up1 ?\gh ?ree ( ! orig9al faces are left1 & be> al(t a s]ies ( tall ,cor9?ian columns4 ,! nave1 = "s reason1 inexplicable on fir/ sight1 is l[ & unimpressive1 caus$ d\btless by ! gr&eur ( ! support+ pill>s ( ! ro( & ! %all[ness ( ! gro9+ above4 ,! pill>s are s+le cyl9d]s ) curi\sly pla9 capitals4 ,! *oir rises a few /eps above ! nave pavem5t1 9 ord] to give height to ! crypt ambulatory1 z is frequ5tly ! cu/om 9 ,g]man *ur*es4 ,! w9d[s ( ! s\? aisle are good 9 _! design & glass1 :i*1 ?\gh mod]n1 reflects ! ,go?ic m$ival _s f> bett] ?an is usual4 ,!re is an elevat$ gall]y along ! aisle walls1 :i* =ms a sort ( tribune or mnn]*re4 ,9 "o ( ! recesses b5ea? ! gall]y is a highly col\r$ sculpture gr\p ( an ,entombm5t4 ,! ea/]ly portion ( ! ca!dral is by f> ! mo/ pleas+1 & p>takes ( ! be/ ,go?ic features1 & inde$ is f> sup]ior to ! nave4 ,! support+ columns ( ! vault+ h foliag$ capitals1 :ile ! vault+ itself is ev5 m elaborate4 ,! aisles1 z !y approa* ! *oir1 are rectangul>-end$1 & ext5d q to ! end ( ! *oir t]m9ation1 %[+ a v s+ul> cross-section ( ?is portion ( ! *ur*4 ,! scre5 is a mod]n /one "w aft] ! ,go?ic mann]4 ,x sits b5ea? a n unbeautiful ,go?ic w9d[1 r ri*ly trac]i$ ) f\r lights4 ,! glass ( ?is w9d[ is mod]n1 b1 l t 9 ! nave aisles1 is excell5t4 ,! crypt is ent]$ f ! s\? transept1 & also f ! nave by an entrance :i* passes betwe5 ! /eps :i* rise to ! *oir pavem5t4 ,illu/ration ,!re is an elaborate sev5-bran*$ c&le/ick at ! juncture ( ! nave & *oir1 modell$ on "o kn[n to h exi/$ 9 ! ,temple at ,j]usalem4 ,x is ( ! conv5tional =m1 b is a r>e piece ( *ur* furniture 9 t x dates f #ajjc1 :5 x 0 pres5t$ by ! ,abbess ,matilda1 si/] ( ! ,emp]or ,o?o ,,ii4 ,s9ce x /&s six or eight feet 9 height1 ?is c&le/ick is a notable & conspicu\s object4 ,be=e ! /eps lead+ to ! crypt is ! tomb ( ,bi%op ,alfr$ ( ,hilde%eim4 ,! crypt is all t a crypt %\ld be1--a dim-light$1 solemn *amb] ( five aisles1 ! pavem5t ( ! *ur* above be+ support$ on /ubby squ>e pill>s4 ,x is us$ also = devotional purposes1 ! alt> at ! ea/]ly end ( ! c5tral aisle be>+ ! inscription1 ,heilige ,m>ia1 ,tr/]9 d] ,betrubt51 bitt fur uns4 ,! cloi/]s ( ?is int]e/+ edifice are1 9 "p1 ( ! primitive /yle ( e>ly ,go?ic1 :ile ! s\!rn & we/]n sides are an approa* to ! full-bl[n ,go?ic ( a lat] epo*1 ) foliag$ capitals4 ,dortmund ,dortmund is ! l>ge/ t[n ( ! prov9ce ( ,we/phalia1 & possesses f\r m$ival *ur*es ( m ?an usual int]e/4 ,/4 ,re9hold's is ! *ief1 & is a cruci=m edifice ( m ?an ord9>y proportions4 ,x is a picturesque mlange ( _m p>ts4 ,its we/]n t[] is ( no /yle 9 p>ticul>1 & is hide\s1 b mo/ curi\s consid]+ its environm5t4 ,! nave & transepts are suppos$ly ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 b !y are c]ta9ly n good ,go?ic z we "k x else:]e4 ,! *oir is ( ! e>ly fifte5? c5tury1 & is mu* m gracefully conceiv$ ?an is any o!r portion ( ?is nondescript edifice4 ,! transepts are squ>e boxlike protub]ances1 :i* l9k ! *oir ) ! nave 9 mo/ unappeal+ fa%ion4 ,9 ! int]ior ! mo/ a/oni%+ features are ! l[ truncat$ nave ( ?ree bays1 ! grimness ( ! walls ( ! entire fabric1--except+ ! well-light$ & aspir+ *oir1--& ! /raight-back$ pews4 ,! cl]e/ory w9d[s ( ! nave are semicircul>1 b ! aisles are light$ by ,go?ic op5+s4 ,!re are two alt>s1 "o at ! *oir entrance & ! o!r 9 ! apse1 ea* surm\nt$ by a tripty*4 ,! w9d[s ( ! *oir-apse1 tall1 ample1 & ( admirable fram+1 are ! *ief glory ( ?is n v beautiful1 ?\gh int]e/+1 *ur*4 ,/4 ,m>y's is a late twelf?-c5tury ,romanesque /ructure1 )\t transepts1 b possess$ ( a t[]+ apsidal *oir4 ,! nave is an att5uat$ affair ) no tri=ium1 leav+ a va/ blank wall space1 z ?\gh x 7 int5d$ to h be5 decorat$4 ,dortmund's ,pf>r ,kir*e 0 a =m] ,dom9ican f\ndation4 ,its g5]al proportions are f> great] ?an ^? ( any o!r ( ! city's *ur*es4 ,! nave is ample1 & ! great *oir ( f\r bays1 ) spaci\s1 l(ty w9d[s1 is ( ! same g5]\s proportions4 ,! *ur* dates only f ! mid-f\rte5? c5tury1 & its ?ree-bay$ nave is ev5 lat]4 ,! aisles ( ! nave are curi\s 9 t !y are n ( simil> dim5sions4 ,t on ! /reet side is sep>at$ f ! nave prop] by squ>e pi]s1 ) a sl5d] %aft runn+ to ! vault+4 ,! o!r aisle is m ample1 & has its ar*$ op5+s to ! nave compos$ ( f\r %afts sup]impos$ ^u a c5tral cyl9d]4 ,! nave light+ is amply provid$ = by a s]ies ( f\r light w9d[s1 b>e1 h[ev]1 ( any glass wor?y ( rem>k4 ,! s\? wall1 :i* has no w9d[s1 has two l>ge frescoes1 a ,desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/ & an ,assumption4 ,!re is also a s]ies ( pa9t+s by two native arti/s1 ,he9ri* & ,victor ,dunwege4 ,illu/ration ,,xxxi ,,emm]i*1 ,,cl,,ves1 ,,& ,,xant5 ,emm]i* & ,clves ,j bel[ ,emm]i*1 :i* is ! la/ ( ! ,g]man ,rh5i% cities1 ! ,rh9e divides itself1 &1 bran*+ to ! nor?1 takes ! ,dut* "n ( ,oud ,rijn1 :i* "n1 ) ! v>iation ,n$] ,rijn1 x reta9s until x rea*es ! sea4 ,! bran* to ! we/ takes ! "n ( ! ,waal & passes on ?r\gh ,nymeg51 b\nd+ ,brabant on ! nor?1 & ent]s ! sea beyond ,dordre*t4 ,emm]i* has1 9 its *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>t91 a t5?-c5tury *ur* ( no great ar*itectural wor?1 b *>m+ to contemplate1 nev]!less4 ,f\r kilometres away is ,clves1 :i*1 "u ! ,romans1 0 kn[n z ,clivia & atta9$ consid]able prom95ce & prosp]ity4 ,! ,normans sack$ x 9 ! n9? c5tury1 b x 0 %ortly rebuilt1 & became ! *ief t[n ( ! ,c\nty1 aft]w>d ! ,du*y1 ( ,clves4 ,"u ! ,empire ! city belong$ to ,france4 ,! t[n's pr9cipal *ur* is q attractive1 b1 beyond ! di/9ction :i* x has 9 its tw9 spires1 t]m9at+ a s+ul>ly long l9e ( ro(-top ( nave & *oir1 !re are no ar*itectural features ( note4 ,xant5 ,at a little di/ance f ! ,rh9e1 j be=e ! fronti] ( ,holl& is rea*$1 is ,xant51 ! anci5t ,ulpia ,ca/ra4 ,ne> by1 9 ! neighb\r+ village ( ,mirt51 "o sees ! rema9s ( an anci5t amphi!atre1 :i* d5otes a consid]able importance = ! neighb\rhood 9 ,roman times4 ,if m pro( 7 ne$$1 x w be f\nd 9 ! museum at ,bonn1 :]e are _m ,roman antiquities com+ f ! neighb\rhood4 ,xant5 is celebrat$ = hav+ giv5 bir? to ,/4 ,norb]t1 ! f\nd] ( ! ord] ( ,premon/rat5sion monks1 & = hav+ be5 ! cradle ( ,siegfri$1 ! h]o ( ! ,nibelung5 ,li$4 ,! city 0 captur$ by ! ,fr5* 9 #afgb4 ,! collegiate *ur* ( ,xant5 is kn[n z ,/4 ,victor's1 & is truly celebrat$ = ! grace & beauty ( its e>ly twelf?-c5tury ,go?ic4 ,)\t transepts or cl]e/ory1 x %[s 9 its "o ample *amb]1 compris+ bo? nave & *oir1 an exemplification ( ! art ( comb9+ ! accessories ( ! ,lat9-cross /ructures ( ,france ) ! hall-*ur* idea s frequ5tly met ) 9 ,g]many1 & s well recogniz$ z a di/9ct ,g]man type4 ,?is arrangem5t does n give ! *ur* ! appe>ance ( be+ 9 any way conf9$ or limit$2 q ! rev]se is ! case1 & ! d\ble range ( w9d[s 9 ! apse indicates1 at lea/1 a l(t9ess & h>d9ess ( con/ruction :i* is highly comm5dable4 ,!re are1 moreov]1 d\ble aisles to bo? nave & *oir :i* give an ampl5ess to ! int]ior :i* ev5 its abundance ( furni%+s does n ov]cr[d4 ,!re are few five-aisl$ *ur*es su* z ?is 9 ,g]many1 or inde$ else:]e1 ,cologne be+ ,g]many's *ief example 9 ?is /yle4 ,9 g5]al1 ! ,go?ic ( ?is highly int]e/+ *ur* is ( ! be/1 ?\gh x dates f v>i\s p]iods4 ,! primitive *ur*1 we "k1 0 a ,romanesque /ructure2 b1 beyond ! f\ndations ( ! we/]n t[]s1 & possibly o!r fragm5t>y works yet hidd51 !re is no?+ b ! mo/ acceptable ,go?ic 9 evid5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,victor',s4 ,,xant54 ,a di/9ctly curi\s feature is ! apse-sid$ t]m9ation to ! aisles1 radiat+ f ! ma9 apse at an angle ( =ty-five degrees4 ,x is a di/9ct innovation 9 ! ea/]ly t]m9ation ( a *ur*2 a sort ( a compromise betwe5 ! ,fr5*1 ,engli%1 & ,g]man /yles1 & :olly a successful "o4 ,9 ! *ancel is a sort ( scre5 be=e ! high alt>1 work$ 9 brass at ,maa/ri*t 9 #aeja4 ,! w9d[s conta9 a great deal ( beautiful old glass1 & "s o!r t is by no means z good4 ,! cl]e/ory w9d[s are elaborately trac]i$1 & !re is mu* detail ( *ur* furni%+s1 a *oir scre51 "s elaborate /alls1 a little tape/ry1--:i* looks well & is c]ta9ly old1--& a mod]n til$ floor :i* is n (f5sive4 ,z is frequ5tly se5 9 ,g]many1 ! pill>s & %afts h a s]ies ( /atues sup]impos$ ^u !m2 always a d>+ ?+ to d1 b 9 ?is case ( f> bett] execution & design ?an is frequ5tly enc\nt]$4 ,be=e ! *ur* is a monum5t 9 hon\r ( ,cornelius de ,pauw1 ! fri5d ( ! great ,fr$]ick1 a canon ( ! *ur* & a fam\s spiritual writ]4 ,he 0 born at ,am/]dam 9 #agci & di$ at ,xant5 9 #agii4 ,,xxxii ,,arnheim1 ,,utre*t1 ,,& ,,leyd5 ,arnheim ,! ,rh9e 9 ,holl& is a mighty riv]4 ,x divides itself into _m bran*es1 all ( :i* make _! way to ! sea ?r\gh t c\ntry :i* ,butl] 9 ! ,hudibras calls3 ,a l& t draws fifty feet ( wat]1 ,9 :i* m5 live z 9 ! v hold ( nature1 ,& :5 ! sea does 9 ^u !m break1 ,& dr[ns a prov9ce1 does b spr+ a leak4 ,! ,rh9e prop]1 ! ,oud ,rijn & ! ,n$] ,rijn1 enfolds ?ree great ecclesia/ical c5tres ( o!r days1 ,arnheim1 ,utre*t1 & ,leyd54 ,arnheim is ! *ief t[n ( ! ,gueld]l&1 & seats itself pr\dly on ! banks ( ! ,n$] ,rijn j above its juncture ) ! ,yssel4 ,( its fifty-five ?\s& inhabitants1 tw5ty-five ?\s& are ,roman ,ca?olics1 :i* fact makes x "o ( ! mo/ /rongly ,ca?olic cities1 if n ! /ronge/1 9 ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,=m]ly ! city 0 kn[n z ! ,ar5acum ( ! ,romans1 & s]v$ z ! resid5ce ( ! ,dukes ( ! ,gueld]l& up to #aech4 ,9 #aegi x gave adh]5ce to ! ,union ( ,utre*t1 & 9 #afgb 0 tak5 by ! ,fr5*1 :5 x became "o ( ! pr9cipal =tresses ( ,holl&4 ,to-day ! =tifications s]ve ! purpose to :i* !y are s frequ5tly devot$ 9 ! cities & t[ns ( ,cont95tal ,europe1 & =m a f9e s]ies ( prom5ades4 ,9 #ahac ! t[n 0 tak5 by ! ,prussians1 b 9 spite ( all ?is *ang+ ( h&s1 x rema9s to-day z di/9ctly ,dut* z any ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntry cities & t[ns4 ,its h\ses are well built ( brick & equally well kept1 & its sidewalks are z cleanly & well c>$ = z ! c\rty>d ( a palace4 ,to-day ! aspect ( ,arnheim is t ( a qua9t ?\gh mod]n-look+ ,dut* city4 ,x is a fav\rite place ( resid5ce = messieurs du sucre1--ri* ,holl&]s & ,ori5tals f ! ,dut* ,ea/ ,indies4 ,altoge!r ! atmosph]e ( its /reets & cafs is decid$ly cosmopolitan & mo/ int]e/+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g5]al ,,view ( ,,arnheim ,! ,groote ,k]k1 built 9 #adeb1 rises f ! m>ket-place ) a consid]able purity ( ,go?ic /yle4 ,! *ur* 0 =m]ly d$icat$ to ,/4 ,eusebe4 ,its t[] is a l&m>k = miles ar\nd1 & rises to a height approximat+ ?ree hundr$ feet4 ,x is built ( brick & is squ>e = ! fir/ two ti]s1 flank$ ) su/a9+ buttresses1 !n x tap]s (f into an octagon4 ,x conta9s a f9e set ( *imes1 s frequ5tly an adjunct to ! *ur*es & municipal belfries ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,! int]ior pres5ts a great ogival example ( ! be/ ( f\rte5? & fifte5? c5tury *ur*-build+4 ,to-day1 s9ce ! *ur* belongs to ! ,prote/ants1 mu* t /ood = symbolism 9 ! ,roman ,*ur* is want+1 & ! pulpit1 :i* is an admirable "w ( art 9 itself1 is plac$ 9 ! middle ( ! *oir surr\nd$ by num]\s tribunes1 or seats 9 ti]s1 9 q a p>liam5t>y & non-*ur*ly fa%ion4 ,beh9d ! *oir is a monum5t to ,*>les d',egmont1 ,duke ( ,gueld]l&1 :o di$ 9 #aech1 & ^: tomb is at ,utre*t4 ,z a "w ( art ?is monum5t 9 ! ,groote ,k]k at ,arnheim is mu* m wor?y ?an su* monum5ts usually are4 ,! duke is repres5t$ clo!d 9 arm\r & recl9+ betwe5 six lions1 :i* hold al(t 8 escut*eon4 ,! p$e/al is ornam5t$ ) bas-reliefs repres5t+ ! ,holy ,family1 ! twelve apo/les1 ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1 & two o!r sa9ts4 ,on a pill> at ! left ( ! tomb is susp5d$1 9 a sort ( wood5 cage1 ano!r figure ( ! same pr9ce4 ,! effigy is ( pa9t$ wood & is amaz+ly lifelike1 ?\gh smack+ decid$ly ( ! figures 9 a waxworks exhibition4 ,! *evet ( ?is great *ur* is q wor?y ( consid]ation1 ?\gh by no means z amply end[$ z ! ,fr5* v>iety by :i* "o comes to judge all o!rs4 ,altoge!r1 except = ! pov]ty ( deeply religi\s symbolism 9 ! int]ior1 ( :i* x has d\btless be5 despoil$ s9ce ! ,ca?olic religion has wan$ 9 its p[] "h1 ! *ur* is a lovely & lovable example ( ! appeal+ *ur* edifices :i* "o n[ & !n comes across 9 ,cont95tal cities ( ! ?ird rank4 ,! ,ca?olic cult occupy ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,walburge1 a ,go?ic edifice 9 brick ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,at ! portal are two great symmetrical t[]s :i* are wor?y ( a f> m important edifice4 ,! int]ior is entirely mod]n z to its furni%+s & fitm5ts4 ,on f\r pill>s ( ! nave are plac$1 back to back1 /atues ( ! evangeli/s1--a species ( decorative embelli%m5t :i*1 at all times s9ce ! fifte5? c5tury1 has be5 greatly fav\r$ ?r\gh\t ,g]many & ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,9 ,france x is a feature b seldom se51 &1 among ! small] p>i% *ur*es1 has almo/ its only examples at ,ve!uil on ! ,se9e bel[ ,p>is1 & at ,l\vi]s4 ,! high alt> is mod]n1 z are also ! black & :ite m>ble baptismal fonts4 ,! pulpit is q a gr& affair1 ?\gh mod]n also4 ,its s\nd+-bo>d %[s a figure ( ,moses hold+ al(t ! tables ( ! law4 ,x is admirably conceiv$ & execut$1 & is ( mu* arti/ic m]it4 ,arnheim possesses sev]al o!r religi\s edifices2 b1 z satisfactory expressions ( ecclesia/ical art or ar*itecture1 !y are q unwor?y4 ,! only "o wor?y ( rem>k--& t only = its unseeml9ess--is a mod]n ,prote/ant place ( wor%ip 9 ! =m ( a va/ rotunda1 :i* 9 all respects resembles a great build+ enclos+ a panorama4 ,beh9d ! *evet ( ! ,groote ,k]k1 ! anci5t ca!dral1 is a f9e old-"t h\se ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,x is kn[n1 some:at sacrilegi\sly "o ?9ks1 z ! ,maison du ,diable1 & 0 =m]ly ! resid5ce ( a fam\s brig& or highwayman1--if !re be any subtle di/9ction betwe5 ! two4 ,?is brig& 0 moreov] ( ! nobility1 & 0 kn[n z ,m>t5s van ,rosum1 ,duke ( ! ,gueld]l&4 ,9 front ( ! h\se is a m9iature t]race1 &1 on ! walls above1 to ! "r1 are ?ree mon/r\s effigies ( devils1 z well z "o ( a woman4 ,9 ! c5tre1 ^u a pill>1 is a bu/ ( ,van ,rosum1 & an inscription to ! effect t ! h\se 0 re/or$ 9 #ahcj4 ,to-day x is occupi$ by c]ta9 municipal (fices4 ,utre*t ,9 _m respects ,utre*t 01 9 ! pa/1 ! mo/ important city 9 ,holl&1 n comm]cially1 b politically4 ,to-day x is simply ! capital ( ! prov9ce ( ,utre*t1 ! seat ( a ,ca?olic ar*bi%op1 & ( a ,jans5i/ ar*bi%op z well4 ,( its population ( q a hundr$ ?\s& s\ls1 "o-?ird1 at lea/1 are ( ! ,ca?olic pr(ession1 :i* is an a/oni%+ proportion = a city ( ,holl&4 ,= ?is reason1 p]haps1 ! city rema9s ! metropolis ( ! ,ca?olic religion 9 ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,! environs ( ! city are exce$+ly picturesque4 ,! ,rh9e aga9 divides into two bran*es1 ! ,oud ,rijn cont9u+ to ! ,nor? ,sea1 ?r\gh ,leyd51 & ! o!r bran*1 kn[n !nce=? z ! ,ve*t1 fl[+ into ! ,zuyd] ,zee4 ,utre*t is "o ( ! mo/ anci5t cities ( ! ,ne!rl&s1 hav+ be5 f\nd$ "u ,n]o by a ,roman ,s5ator nam$ ,antony1 h5ce x is frequ5tly ref]r$ to by hi/orians z ,antonia ,civitas4 ,its "n 9 "t evolv$ itself into ,trajectum inf]ius or vetus1 & 9 ! ,lat9 nom5clature ( ! e>ly middle ages1 x became ,ultrajectum1 or ,trajectum ,ultric5sium4 ,"u ! ,franks x 0 call$ ,wiltre*t1 :i* 0 b a %ort /ep to ! "n x n[ be>s4 ,k+ ,dagob]t "h f\nd$ ! fir/ *ur* 9 ,friesl&1 ) ,/4 ,willibrod z bi%op1 & ,/4 ,boniface1 be=e he 0 call$ to ,rome1 "h prea*$ evangelization4 ,! city 0 ru9$ & deva/at$ 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 b its rebuild+ 0 begun 9 #gah by ,clo?aire ,,iv4 ,t[>d #icd x 0 surr\nd$ by protect+ walls by ,bi%op ,baldric ( ,clves4 ,utre*t 0 frequ5tly made ! resid5ce ( ! emp]ors1 & ,*>les ,v4 !re built ! *teau ( ,vreeburg1 a species ( =tress-*teau t 0 demoli%$ by ! burgh]s ( ! city at ! beg9n+ ( ! w> ( indep5d5ce1 #aegg4 ,adri5 ,florizoon1 ! preceptor ( ,*>les ,v41 :o1 at ! dea? ( ,leo ,x41 occupi$ ! pontifical ?rone 9 #aebb-bc z ,adri5 ,,vi41 0 born at ,utre*t4 ,8 h\se 7,pau%uiz57 on ! banks ( ! canal ,nieuwe ,gra*t1 n[ a gov]nm5t build+1 conta9s _m pictures relative to 8 life & times4 ,= a long "t ! city 0 only a bi%op's seat1 b 9 #aeei x 0 made an ar*bi%opric4 ,:51 9 #fcj1 ,dagob]t1 ,k+ ( ,au/rasia1 f\nd$ a *apel "h1 ! religi\s f\ndation ( ! city began1 & z e>ly z 9 #fif x became ! seat ( a bi%op4 ,9 ! n9? c5tury ! ,normans sack$ ! t[n1 b !nce=? ! bi%ops1 :o 7 !n suffragans ( ,lige1 acquir$ a /r5g? & p[] :i* assur$ ! city fre$om f mole/ation = a long "t4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury political & religi\s diss5sion comb9$ to promote a /ate ( unre/ :i* 0 mo/ acute4 ,9 #aegg ! p>ty :i* _h alli$ itself ) ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange introduc$ religi\s re=m1 & 9 #aegi ! sev5 prov9ces ( ,holl& =m$ _! compact ( f$]ation1 & ! ,/ates ,g5]al held _! sitt+s "h4 ,! ,domk]k1 or ca!dral1 orig9ally d$icat$ to ,/4 ,m>t91 is to-day a ,prote/ant *ur*4 ,x 0 an outgr[? ( ! primitive *ur* f\nd$ 9 #fcj by ,dagob]t ,i41 & ( an abbey e/abli%$ by ,/4 ,willibrod4 ,! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,m>t9 0 rebuilt1 aft] a fire 9 #ajbd1 by ,bi%op ,adebolde1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,emp]or ,h5ry ,,ii4 & _m o!r great p]sonages1 z ! old *ronicl]s h x4 ,9 #abeg x 0 ne>ly entirely rebuilt by ! bi%op !n hold+ ! see1 ,h5ri ( ,vi&51 b a great /orm cru%$ 9 its nave 9 #afgd1 s9ce :i* "t ! faulty juncture ( ! v>i\s p>ts has be5 sadly app>5t4 ,aft] ! de/ruction ( ! nave1 ! *oir & ! transepts =m$ practically ! entire build+1 ) ! t[] exi/+ m]ely z a dismemb]$ & orphan$ feature4 ,! t[] 0 comm5c$ 9 #acca & complet$ 9 #achb4 ,x rises f a magnific5tly vault$ base4 ,! l[] portion is rectangul>1 b ! octagon :i* =ms ! upp] /ages & pi]c$ to ! light ( day1 z ! ,fr5* h x1 foll[s ! be/ accept$ /yle ( its era4 ,9 its way x is1 al?\gh q diff]5t1 ! rival ( ,/4 ,ou5's ,cr[n ( ,norm&y at ,r\54 ,!re are #dec /eps to be m\nt$ if "o c>es to asc5d to ! plat=m1 #ajc metres f ! gr\nd4 ,"o gets ! usual bird's-eye view1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t ! glance ( ! eye seems to rea* out into an int]m9able di/ance1 by reason ( ! g5]al flatness ( ! c\ntry4 ,"o sees1 at any rate1 q all ( ! prov9ces ( ,s\? ,holl&1 ) ! ,zuyd] ,zee to ! nor?1 & a "p ( ,gueld]l& & ,nor? ,brabant4 ,! t[] possesses also a f9e set ( *imes ( =ty-two bells :i* is rem9isc5t ( ,belgium2 b1 unlike ^? 9 ! fam\s old belfry at ,bruges1 ! *imes on ! ,domk]k at ,utre*t d n r+ out popul> m>*es or ! airs ( popul> songs4 ,! int]ior is s cr[d$ ) b5*es1 simil> to :at ,engli% *ur*go+ p "k z pews1 t its orig9al aspect is some:at *ang$4 ,eighte5 great pill>s hold al(t ! vault+ ( ! *oir & transepts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,utre*t & ,its ,,ca!dral ,a notable tomb 9 black & :ite m>ble is t ( ,admiral van ,g5t 7#afgf71 & ano!r is t ( ,bi%op ,georges d',egmont 7#aedi74 ,9 ! vault b5ea? ! edifice 7 buri$ ! visc]a ( ,conrad ,,ii4 & ,h5ry ,v41 :o di$ at ,utre*t1 & ^: rema9s1 ) ?is exception1 7 transport$ to ,spey]4 ,a f9e ,go?ic cloi/] connects ! ca!dral ) ! univ]sity4 ,?is has1 9 rec5t ye>s1 und]gone re/oration ( a mo/ practical & devot$ k9d4 ,x is a m>vel ( mod]n ar*itectural "w4 ,/4 ,pet]'s is ano!r anci5t ,roman ,ca?olic *ur* n[ devot$ to ,prote/ant uses4 ,/4 ,john's also comes "u ?is category4 ,x is a f9e example ( a small ,go?ic *ur* ( ! v>iety :i* 0 be/ kn[n only 9 ,holl& & ,belgium2 mu* m sev]e ?an ! ,fr5* species1 b int]e/+ )al4 ,)9 ! walls ( ?is la/ are two tombs q wor?y ( att5tion & rem>k4 ,! "o aga9/ ! we/]n wall is t ( a c>d9al :o di$ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 & ! o!r is t ( ,bal?az> ,fr$]ick ( ,/oe*4 ,! latt]1 ?\gh dat+ only f ! eighte5? c5tury1 is *>m+ly sculptur$1 & has two sup]b figures ( weep+ *ildr5 done 9 m>ble4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur* ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e is a ,go?ic edifice ( ! ?ird ogival p]iod1 & 0 re/or$ 9 #ahhj at ! exp5se ( a dev\t ,ca?olic ( ! city1 nam$ ,van d5 ,br9k4 ,! walls are decorat$ 9 a poly*romatic s*eme1 :i* is n beautiful1 ?\gh und5iably /rik+4 ,! jube1 by ,m5gelb]g ( ,utre*t1 is di/9ctly good4 ,utre*t possesses 9 ! ,a>tsbiss*oppelyk ,museum an e/abli%m5t unique among ! museums ( ! _w4 ,p>ticul>ly x %[s all bran*es ( religi\s art1 & is ( great importance to all :o /udy ! art & ar*itecture ( ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,( ! secul> e/abli%m5ts "o rem>ks ! univ]sity :i* adjo9s ! ca!dral4 ,x dates f #afcf1 & has to-day five faculties4 ,9 ! palace1 con/ruct$ = ,l\is ,bonap>te dur+ ! ,napoleonic ov]fl[1 is a magnific5t libr>y ( #aaj1jjj volumes & #a1ejj ,,mss4 ,! anci5t academy1 ! ar*-episcopal palace1 ! ,palais de ,ju/ice1 ! ,/adt ,huis1 ! ,pau%uiz5 7,prefecture71 ! m9t1 ) a ri* numismatic collection1 & ! ,association ( ,arts & ,sci5ces complete ! li/ ( ! city's notable monum5ts4 ,leyd5 ,) ,leyd5 ! ,rh9e may be said to take its leave ( anci5t civilization1 ?\gh x only jo9s ! br9y wat]s ( ! ,nor? ,sea at ,katwyck1 a doz5 kilometres di/ant1 aft] hav+ =m$ a natural fronti] = ne>ly elev5 hundr$ kilometres1 f its ,alp9e cradle 9 ! canton ( ,grisons4 ,anci5tly ,leyd5 0 ! ,lugdunum ,batavorum ( ! ,romans1 &1 accord+ to ! old-"t hi/orians1 0 ! mo/ anci5t city ( ,holl&4 ,lat] its "n became ,lei!n1 f :i* its pres5t nom5clature is evolv$4 ,its great importance came ) ! ?irte5? c5tury & endur$ until ! ,spani% w>s4 ,! city 0 besieg$ by ! ,spani>ds 9 #aegd1 & deliv]$ !refrom by ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange 9 ! ye> foll[+4 ,to-day ! plan ( ,leyd5 =ms a regul> p5tagon1 ) long /reets & b\lev>ds1 all *>act]i/ically ,dut*1 ) old-"t & mod]n h\ses alike built ) que] gabl$ ro(s1 giv+ q a m$ival aspect to an o!rwise lively & up-to-date little city4 ,! city is trav]s$ f ea/ to we/ by ! ,oud ,rijn1 :i* ?r[s out _m arms & bran*es & gives to ! place a mo/ ,v5etian appe>ance4 ,"o di/9ctive feature ( ! topographical aspect ( ,leyd51 & "o :i* is univ]sal 9 mo/ ( ! cities ( ,holl&1 are ! canals :i* cross & recross ! pr9cipal /reets4 ,all is plus propres1 z ! ,fr5* h x1 & ! tree-bord]$1 cobble/on$ quays are n ! lea/ ( ! t[n's attractions = ! /rang]4 ,unque/ionably ! *ief ar*itectural treasure ( ,leyd5 is ! ,/adt ,huis4 ,x is ( ! /yle :i* may be/ be call$ ,dut*1 & is a recon/ruction ( #aeig4 ,9 front ( ! ,/adt ,huis are a pair ( gaudily col\r$ /one lions1 :i* h look$ d[n = a matt] ( ?ree hundr$ ye>s on ! ,pilgrim ,fa!rs1 "s ( :om _h ga!r$ & settl$ "h previ\s to go+ to ! ,new ,_w1 on ,oliv] ,goldsmi?1 on ,boswell1 on ,evelyn1 & on _m o!r ,engli%m5 :o att5d$ ! fam\s univ]sity "h4 ,"o le>ns t ^! lions 7 once prop]ly col\r$ bea/s1--at lea/ ( ! conv5tional tone ( /one sculptur$ animals1 & t !y 7 only rec5tly pa9t$ a gaudy v]milion1 :i* app>5tly is n a v durable col\r1 z 9 ^! days !y seem to %$ & don _! coats ) surpris+ frequ5cy4 ,! *ief ecclesia/ical monum5ts ( ,leyd5 are ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]1 ( ! ?irte5? to sixte5? c5tury1 a va/ ,lat9 cross ( n v good ,go?ic2 & ,/4 ,pancras1 ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 built1 curi\sly en\gh1 on ! gr\nd-plan ( a ,/4 ,&rew's cross4 ,/4 ,pet]'s 0 built 9 #abba1 b 9 #aeab its great t[] fell & 0 replac$ by ! pres5t "o1 :i* rises high above ! re/ ( ! fabric4 ,9 tru?1 !re is n mu* ( int]e/ to be d]iv$ f a contemplation ( ! *ur* except ! memory ( ! great names ( ^? int]r$ !re91 :i* =m a v]itable category ( ^? :o became fam\s 9 matt]s ecclesia/ic1 arti/ic1 & sci5tific1 9 ,holl&'s roll ( fame4 ,ne> ,/4 ,pet]'s is a ?irte5?-c5tury edifice n[ us$ z a prison4 ,9 old5 times x s]v$ z ! resid5ce ( ! ,c\nts ( ,holl&1 ! "n ,grav5/e9 on ! anci5t /ructure signify+ ! h\se ( ! c\nt4 ,! *ur* ( ,/4 ,pancras is an ogival edifice built 9 #abhj4 ,x has no rem>kably arti/ic attributes1 & its *ief int]e/ consi/s 9 ! fact t x conta9s ! tomb ( ,van d] ,w]f1 ! c\rage\s burgoma/]1 :o1 9 #aegd1 s h]oically def5d$ ! city4 ,he 0 born at ,leyd5 9 #aebi & di$ 9 #afjd4 ,leyd5 may be call$ ! le>n$ city ( ,holl&4 ,9 recognition ( hav+ )/ood a siege by ! ,spani>ds ( #aca days1 ! city 0 giv5 ! *oice betwe5 exemption f taxation or ! f\ndation ( a univ]sity1 & *ose ! latt]4 ,! city is ! bir?place ( _m m5 fam\s 9 ,dut* art1 among !m ,lucas de ,leyde1 ,rembr&t1 ,g]>d ,d[1 ,g4 ,metsu1 ,j4 van ,goy54 ,"h also 0 born ! celebrat$ anabapti/ kn[n z ,john ( ,leyd54 ,,! ,,end4 ,app5dix ,*ronological ,tables & ,diagrams ,,aix-,,la-,,*apelle ,illu/ration3 ,r\nd ,*ur* 9 ! ,i,xth ,c5tury1 ,aix-la-,*apelle ,*>lemagne di$ at ,aix-la-,*apelle1 #had ,*>lemagne's orig9al *apel f\nd$1 ,v,i,i,ith c5tury ,damag$ by fire1 #aadf1 #abcd1 #abcf1 #afef ,*oir begun1 #acec ,*oir complet$1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,m9orite *ur*1 ,x,i,vth to ,x,vth c5tury ,,&]na* ,illu/ration ,f\ndation ( primitive *ur*1 ,x? c5tury ,/4 ,g5evieve1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,col\r$ bas-relief ( portal1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,lahn/e9 tomb1 #aeda ,,arnheim ,city gave adh]5ce to ,union ( ,utre*t1 #aegi ,tak5 by ! ,fr5*1 #afgb ,tak5 by ! ,prussians1 #ahac ,groote ,k]k f\nd$1 #adeb ,ma9 portions ( ,groote ,k]k1 ,x,i,vth & ,x,vth c5turies ,/4 ,walburge1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,monum5t ( ,duke ( ,gueld]l&1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,maison du ,diable 7re/or$ #ahcj71 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,,ba*>a* ,,& ,,b+5 ,prote/ant temple1 ,ba*>a*1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,*teau ( ,ar*bi%ops ( ,may5ce at ,asmanhaus51 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,m\se ,t[]1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,,basel ,c\ncils ( ! ,*ur* held "h1 #ajfa & #adca ,ca!dral f\nd$ by ,h5ry ,,ii41 #ajaj ,ca!dral d$icat$1 #ajai ,bridge cross+ ! ,rh9e1 #abbj ,c\ncil-*amb]1 #adca-dd ,baptismal font1 #adfe ,nor? t[] 7#ff metres71 #aejj ,univ]sity f\nd$ by bull ( ,pius ,,ii41 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,,bonn ,illu/ration ,primitive *ur* f\nd$ by ! "m ( ,con/ant9e1 #cai ,pres5t ca!dral *oir & crypt1 #aaeg ,ma9 fabric1 ,x,i,ith & ,x,i,i,ith c5turies ,! ,electors ( ,cologne came to reside at ,bonn1 #abfh ,,bopp>t ,hauptkir*e built1 #abjj 787 ,c>melit]kir*e built1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,bopp>t made a ville impriale1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,,cl,,ves ,sack$ by ! ,normans1 ,i,xth c5tury ,,cobl5z ,illu/ration ,/4 ,ca/or f\nd$ by ,l\is ! ,pi\s1 #hcf ,l[] ranges ( t[]s1 ,x,ith c5tury ,reconciliation ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 ) 8 sons1 #aaje ,/4 ,b]n>d prea*$ ,crusades "h1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,bridge cross+ ! ,moselle1 #acdd ,,colm> ,/4 ,m>t9's f\ndations1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,/4 ,m>t9's *oir1 #acae ,virg9 ( ! ,roses1 ,x,vth c5tury ,dom9ican ,conv5t ( ,unt]l9d51 #abcb ,,cologne ,illu/ration3 ,anci5t ,ca!dral ,romanesque ca!dral de/roy$ by fire1 #abdh ,f\ndation-/one ( new ca!dral laid1 #abdh ,*>t] m5tion+ ,/4 ,trond1 #abeg ,*oir consecrat$1 #acbb ,"w /agnat$1 ,x,vth & ,x,v,ith c5turies ,"w aga9 und]tak51 ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ,r5aissance details add$ to *oir1 ,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury ,illu/ration3 ,pres5t ,ca!dral ,napoleon transf]r$ ar*bi%opric to ,aix1 ,x,i,xth c5tury ,see re/abli%$ at ,cologne1 #ahba ,re/oration begun & *oir reop5$1 #ahdb ,reliques ( ! ,?ree ,k+s fir/ br\ght f ,milan1 #aafd ,tape/ries 9 *oir1 ,x,vth c5tury ,glass 9 ,*apel ( ! ,?ree ,k+s1 ,x,vth c5tury ,organ-case1 #aegb ,c&elabra ( *oir1 #aggj ,nave consecrat$1 #ahdh ,wall betwe5 nave & *oir brok5 out1 #ahfc ,spires ( t[]s add$1 #ahgj ,spires complet$1 #ahhj ,petr>* visit$ ,cologne1 #acca ,m>ie de ,m$ici di$ at ,cologne1 #afdb ,illu/ration3 ,/4 ,m>ia 9 ,capitolia ,illu/ration3 ,/4 ,cunib]t's ,/4 ,m>ia 9 ,capitolia 7nave71 ,x,ith c5tury ,/4 ,m>ia 9 ,capitolia 7apses71 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,/4 ,pantaleon1 #ihj ,apo/les' ,*ur*1 ,x,ith c5tury ,/4 ,gron's 7primitive *ur*71 ,v? c5tury ,jews driv5 f ,cologne1 #adbe ,prote/ants driv5 f ,cologne1 #afah ,abbey ( ,alt5burg 7glass71 #abgj-acjj ,abbey ( ,alt5burg 7*oir71 #abee ,illu/ration3 ,/4 ,m>t9's ,illu/ration3 ,*ur* ( ! ,apo/les ,illu/ration3 ,/4 ,gron's ,illu/ration3 ,crypt1 ,/4 ,gron's ,,con/ance ,illu/ration ,city f\nd$ by ,emp]or ,con/ance1 #big ,ville impriale1 ,x? c5tury ,peace betwe5 ,b>b>ossa & ,lomb>dy1 #aahc ,ca!dral f\nd$1 ,x,ith c5tury ,bi%op ,salomon occupi$ ! see1 #hia-iai ,/4 ,/eph5's enl>g$ by ,bi%op ,salomon1 #ijj ,fur!r embelli%$ by ,bi%op ,conrad ( ,altdorf1 #ice ,r5ovat$ by ,bi%op ,!odoric1 #ajdg-ea ,c\ncil-*amb] built1 #achh ,ro( ( nave & aisles 79 wood71 #afjj ,c\ncil conc]n+ ! ?ree popes1 #adad-ah ,c\ncil condemn+ ,john ,huss1 #adad ,john ,huss burn$ alive1 #adae ,recon/ruct$ by ,bi%op ,otto ,,iii41 #adbh ,consecrat$ to ! ,lu!rites1 #aebb-dh ,organ & case 7re/or$ #ahai & #ahci71 #aehc ,ca?olicism re/abli%$ at ,con/ance1 #aeej ,,dortmund ,/4 ,m>y's1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,/4 ,re9hold's nave & transepts1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,/4 ,re9hold's *oir1 ,x,vth c5tury ,pf>rkir*e1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,,emm]i* ,/4 ,m>t9's ,x? c5tury ,,ess5 ,romanesque details ( ca!dral1 #hgd ,crypt1 transept1 & *oir f\ndation1 ,x,ith c5tury ,sev5-bran*$ c&le/ick1 #ajjc ,go?ic additions1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,,frank=t ,fir/ hi/orical m5tion1 #gid ,jud5 ,gasse1 #affb ,ca!dral complet$1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,tomb ( ,emp]or ,gun!r ( ,s*w>zburg1 #acdi ,tomb ( ,knight ( ,sa*s5haus51 #acga ,late ,go?ic we/]n t[] 7#afc feet71 #adae-aeji ,tomb ( ,consul ,hirde1 #aeah ,/4 ,leon>d's1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,/4 ,ca!r9e's ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ,/4 ,paul's1 #ahcc ,,freiburg ,illu/ration3 ,ca!dral1 ,freiburg ,city f\nd$ by ,b]?old ,,iii41 #aaah ,ca!dral f\nd$ by ! same1 #aabb ,nave & re/or$ *oir1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,ca!dral f9ally complet$1 #aeac ,b5$ict9e ,conv5t ( ,ta5n5ba*1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,cloi/] ( p>i% *ur*1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,,godesb]g ,giv5 to ,ar*bi%op ( ,cologne1 #abaj ,*apel ( ,/4 ,mi*al1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,*teau ( ar*bi%ops pillag$1 #aeic ,,heidelb]g ,conrad ( ,hoh5/auf51 fir/ ,c\nt ,palat9ate1 #aadh ,heidelb]g made capital ( ! ,palat9ate1 #abbh ,/4 ,esprit's1 ,x,i,vth to ,x,vth c5tury ,h\se ( ! ,*evali] zum ,ritt]1 #adib ,univ]sity ( ,heidelb]g f\nd$1 #achf ,lu!r at ! ,univ]sity1 #aeae ,heidelb]g invad$ by ,tilly1 #afbb ,libr>y ( ,univ]sity giv5 to ,pope ,leo ,x,ith1 #afbb ,/4 ,pet]'s sack$ by ,mlac1 #afic ,libr>y ( ! ,palat9e s5t f ,rome to ,p>is1 #agie ,libr>y return$ to ,heidelb]g1 #ahae ,ca/le built by ! ,elector1 ,rob]t ,i41 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,additions by ,otto ,h5ry1 #aeef-ei ,lat] additions by ,fr$]ick ,,iv41 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,ca/le ravag$ by ,spani>ds1 #afbb ,aga9 rebuilt & dismemb]$ by lightn+1 #agfd ,great tuns1 #aece1 #agbh1 #agea ,,laa* ,illu/ration3 ,abbey ( ,laa* ,abbey f\nd$ by ,h5ry ,,ii41 #ajic ,pillag$ by revolutioni/s1 ,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury ,,leyd5 ,/4 ,pancras1 #abhj ,/4 ,pet]'s1 ,x,i,i,ith to ,x,v,ith c5tury ,/4 ,pet]'s t[] fell1 #aeab ,old ,palace ( ,c\nts ( ,holl& 7#abhj71 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,tomb ( ,van d] ,w]f 9 ,/4 ,pancras1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,city besieg$ by ,spani>ds1 #aegd ,/adt ,huis1 #aeig ,,li,,ge ,/4 ,jean1 ,x? c5tury ,/4 ,jean1 *oir add$1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,/4 ,jean1 t[] add$1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,/4 ,jean1 cloi/]1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,/4 ,m>t9 f\nd$1 #ifb ,bi%opric f\nd$ by ,hraclius1 #ifh ,/e4 ,croix f\nd$ by ,bi%op ,notg]1 #igi ,/e4 ,croix1 *oir add$1 #aage ,/e4 ,croix1 ,/ations ( ! ,cross1 ,x,vth c5tury ,/4 ,jacques's f\nd$ by ,bi%op ,baudry ,,ii41 #ajad ,/4 ,jacques's ,romanesque t[]1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,/4 ,jacques's rebuilt1 #aeac-ch ,/4 ,jacques's organ buffet1 #afgc ,/4 ,b>?lemy's font1 #aaab ,fte ,dieu orda9$ by ,urba9 ,,iv41 #abdf ,/4 ,lamb]t's de/roy$1 #ahja ,,limburg ,primitive *ur*1 #iji ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,george1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,baptismal fonts1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,baldaqu9 ( ,pyx1 ,x,vth c5tury ,tomb ( ,daniel ( ,mut]sba*1 #adge ,,mannheim ,city f\nd$1 #gfe ,elector ,fr$]ick built 8 *teau1 ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ,city walls built1 #afjf ,,may5ce ,bi%ops ( ! ,franki% k+dom convok$ by ,dagob]t1 #fcf ,bi%op ,sigib]t built ! city walls1 #gah ,c\ncil met "h on ord] ( ,*>lemagne1 #hac ,ar*bi%op ,willigis built ! ca!dral & ,/4 ,/eph5's1 #ige-ajaa ,ca!dral complet$ "u ,ar*bi%op ,b>don1 #ajcg ,pope ,leo ,,ix4 held a c\ncil "h1 #ajdi ,ca!dral burn$1 #ajhg ,philip ( ,suabia cr[n$ "h1 #aaih ,transept & we/]n *oir rebuilt1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,*apt]-h\se1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,ca!dral newly consecrat$1 #abci ,cloi/]s1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,*apels1 ,x,i,i,ith & ,x,i,vth c5turies ,we/]n end ( ro( took fire1 #agic ,napoleon ord]$ x re/or$1 #ahjc ,rema9s ( ,fra/rada 7d4 #gid7 remov$ ?i!r1 #aeeb ,f\nta9 9 ,speise-,m>kt1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,illu/ration3 ,ca!dral1 ,may5ce ,illu/ration3 ,go?>d ,*apel1 ,may5ce ,,metz ,city attack$ by ! ,huns1 ,v? c5tury ,orig9al f\ndation ( glise ,/4 ,pi]re1 ,v,i,ith c5tury ,recon/ruct$1 ,x? & ,x,vth c5turies ,/4 ,/eph5's 7ca!dral71 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,glass ( cl]e/ory ( ,/4 ,/eph5's1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,/4 ,m>t9's1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,/4 ,v9c5t's1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,montmor5ci captur$ ! city1 #aeeb ,abbey ( ,/4 ,arnulphe de/roy$1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,citadel built1 #aeef-fb ,m,,n*5-,,gladba* ,illu/ration ,abbey *ur*1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,/adt ,kir*e1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,,neuss ,illu/ration ,city ravag$ by ,attila1 #dea ,*apt] ( ,nobles f\nd$1 #hbe ,by ! ,normans1 ,i,xth c5tury ,primitive *ur* f\nd$1 ,i,xth c5tury ,collegiate *ur* de/roy$1 #aaii ,"u patronage ( ,ar*bi%op ( ,cologne1 #abjf ,/4 ,quir9us f\nd$1 #abji ,*oir-/alls1 ,/4 ,quir9us1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,cupola frescoes1 ,/4 ,quir9us1 ,x,i,xth c5tury ,,s*affhaus5 ,abbey f\nd$ by ,c\nt ,nell5burg1 #ajeb ,ca!dral1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,conv5t ( ,/4 ,hilaire at ,sack+51 ,v,ith c5tury ,illu/ration3 ,s*affhaus5 ,illu/ration3 ,spey] ,,spey] ,f\ndation ( ca!dral laid1 #ajcj ,practically complet$1 #ajfj ,de/roy$ by fire1 #aaei ,rebuilt1 #aagj ,o!r fires1 #aahi-adej ,cloi/] built1 #adcg ,burn$ 9 ! religi\s w>s1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,re/or$1 ,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury ,nave re/or$ by ,bi%op ,augu/1 #aggb ,lat] re/orations1 #ahbc ,,/olz5fels ,ca/le f\nd$ by ,arnold ( ,trves1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,ne>ly de/roy$ by ! ,fr5*1 #afhh ,giv5 to ! ,pr9ce ,royal ( ,prussia1 #ahbe ,,/rasburg ,primitive *ur* f\nd$ by ,clovis1 #ejd ,de/roy$ by fire1 #hgc ,pillag$ & fir$ anew by ,duke ,h]mann1 #ajjb ,pres5t ca!dral begun1 #abgg ,great portal begun by ,erv9 von ,/e9ba*1 #abgg ,erv9 von ,/e9ba* di$1 #acah ,fir/ ,/rasburg clock1 #aceb ,second ,/rasburg clock1 #aega-gd ,second ,/rasburg clock re/or$1 #affi & #agcb ,second ,/rasburg clock ceas$ its functions1 #agij ,pres5t ,/rasburg clock inaugurat$1 #ahdb ,*oir1 ,/4 ,b>?olomew's1 #acjh-de ,danse des ,morts 7,/4 ,b>?olomew's71 ,x,vth c5tury ,maison de l',oeuvre ,notre ,dame1 #aeha ,episcopal palace built by ,c>d9al de ,rohan1 #agda ,height ( spire ( ca!drals3 ,/rasburg1 #ddj feet2 ,cologne1 #dhb feet2 ,r\51 #deh feet2 ,p>is1 #bjj feet ,,tr,,ves ,illu/ration3 ,trves ,primitive *ur* f\nd$1 #cbg ,see became an ar*bi%opric1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,ar*bi%ops remov$ to ,cobl5z1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,holy robe ( ,trves br\ght f ,holy ,l&1 ,i,vth c5tury ,tomb ( ,c>d9al ,ivo1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,notre ,dame built1 #abbg-dc ,,utre*t ,primitive *ur* f\nd$ by ,dagob]t1 #fcj ,city deva/at$1 ,v,i,ith c5tury ,city rebuilt by ,clo?aire ,,iv41 #gah ,enl>g$ by ,bi%op ,baldric ( ,clves1 #icd ,adri5 ,florizoon ( ,utre*t became ,pope ,adri5 ,,vi41 #aebb ,see made an ar*bi%opric1 #aeei ,religi\s re=m advocat$ by ,pr9ce ( ,orange1 #aegg ,/ates ,g5]al sat at ,utre*t1 #aegi ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,m>t9 rebuilt f primitive *ur*1 #ajbd ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,m>t9 aga9 rebuilt1 #abeg ,t[]1 #acca-hb ,nave damag$1 #afgd ,,worms ,illu/ration3 ,/4 ,m>t91 ,worms ,concordat betwe5 ,pope ,calixtus ,,ii4 & ,h5ry ,v41 #aabb ,diet ( ,worms decl>$ ,lu!r a h]etic1 #acba ,ca!dral begun by ,bi%op ,b\*>d1 #iif ,lat] additions & rebuild+ s9ce1 #aahe ,city besieg$ b ca!dral unh>m$1 #afhi ,/4 ,m>t91 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,notre ,dame1 ,x,i,i,ith to ,x,i,vth c5tury ,synagogue1 ,x,ith c5tury ,jewi% colony at ,worms1 #eej ,b4 c4 ,abbey ( ,lors* f\nd$1 #gfg-ggd ,primitive *ur* f\nd$ at ,lors*1 #bhe ,lors* incorporat$ ) ,ar*bi%opric ( ,may5ce1 #abcb ,abbey rebuilt1 #aajj ,,xant5 ,captur$ by ! ,fr5*1 #afgb ,collegiate *ur* ( ,/4 ,victor1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,*ancel scre51 #aeja ,monum5t to ,cornelius de ,pauw1 ,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury ,,index ,abbey ( ,alt5burg1 #db1 #fd1 #bge-bgf4 ,abbey ( ,laa*1 #fc1 #aic-aid1 #cee4 ,abbey ( ,lors*1 #aec-aed4 ,abbey ( ,pfeff]s1 ,ragatz1 #ba4 ,abbey ( ,/4 ,arnulphe1 ,metz1 #aag4 ,academy ( ,pa9t+1 ,dsseldorf1 #cjg4 ,aix-la-,*apelle1 #cb1 #ch1 #bgg-bid4 ,aix-la-,*apelle1 ,ca!dral (1 #dc1 #dd1 #ej1 #ef1 #fc1 #fe1 #bhi-bic1 #cdg4 ,aix-la-,*apelle1 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,adelb]t1 #bic4 ,aix-la-,*apelle1 ,m9orit5 ,kir*e1 #bic4 ,alt5burg1 ,abbey (1 #db1 #fd1 #bge-bgf4 ,ami5s1 ,ca!dral (1 v41 #d1 #bef1 #bfb4 ,&]na*1 #i1 #ad1 #aii-bjd4 ,&]na*1 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,g5evieve1 #bja-bjd1 #cdh4 ,ar*bi%op ,b>don1 #afd4 ,arnheim1 #h1 #be1 #cca-ccf4 ,arnheim1 ,groote ,k]k1 #ccc-ccd1 #cdh4 ,arnheim1 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,walburge1 #ccd-cce4 ,arnheim1 ,maison du ,diable1 #ccf4 ,attila1 #ae1 #ih1 #adi4 ,ba*>a*1 #agb-agd4 ,ba*>a*1 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,w]n]1 #agb4 ,ba*>a*1 ,prote/ant ,temple1 #agc1 #cdh4 ,ba*>a*1 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]1 #ei1 #agc4 ,b>b>ossa1 #ae1 #ch1 #fi1 #bde1 #bhc4 ,basel1 #i1 #ae1 #af1 #ag1 #bb1 #hc-ij4 ,basel1 ,univ]sity (1 #hb4 ,basel1 ,ca!dral (1 #hf-hi1 #cdh4 ,basel1 ! ,pfalz1 #hi4 ,basel1 ,museum at1 #ij4 ,b+51 #ag1 #agg4 ,b+51 ,m\se ,t[]1 #agg1 #agi1 #cdh4 ,bi%op ,alfr$ ( ,hilde%eim1 #cai1 #cbb4 ,bi%op ,augu/ ( ,limburg1 #aca4 ,bi%op ,baudry ,,ii41 #bii1 #cja4 ,bi%op ,hatto1 #agg4 ,bi%op ,otto ,,iii41 #gd1 #ge4 ,bi%op ,re9hold1 #acj-aca4 ,bi%op ,salomon ,,iii41 #gd4 ,bi%op ,siegfri$1 #abh4 ,bi%op ,!odoric1 #gd4 ,blondel1 #bd1 #be4 ,bonn1 #i1 #ag1 #bbj-bbe4 ,bonn1 ,ca!dral (1 #ei1 #aej1 #bbj-bbc1 #cdi4 ,bopp>t1 #aia-aic4 ,bopp>t1 ,hauptkir*e1 #aia-aib1 #cdj4 ,bopp>t1 ,conv5t ( ,m>i5burg1 #aib4 ,bopp>t1 ,c>melite ,*ur*1 #aib4 ,bopp>t1 ,templeh(1 #aib4 ,bridge at ,cobl5z1 #aij4 ,broms]1 ,hans1 #agi-ahj4 ,brunhilda1 #adi1 #aea4 ,cs>1 #ac1 #ad1 #ae4 ,c>lsruhe1 #acd1 #acf4 ,c>lsruhe1 ,*ur*es (1 #ace4 ,c>melite ,*ur*1 ,bopp>t1 #aib4 ,ca/le ( ,heidelb]g1 #c1 #adb1 #add-ade4 ,ca!dral ( ,*>lemagne1 ,aix-la-,*apelle1 #dc1 #dd1 #ej1 #ef1 #fc1 #fe1 #bhi-bic1 #cdg4 ,ca!dral ( ,ami5s1 v41 #d1 #bef-bfb4 ,ca!dral ( ,basel1 #hf-hi1 #cdi4 ,ca!dral ( ,bonn1 #ei1 #aej1 #bbj-bbc1 #cdi4 ,ca!dral ( ,cologne1 v41 #c1 #d1 #i1 #dc1 #df1 #fd1 #bcb-bfc1 #cea4 ,ca!dral ( ,con/ance1 #fi1 #gd1 #ced4 ,ca!dral ( ,ess51 #fc1 #fe1 #cai-cbb1 #cee4 ,ca!dral ( ,frank=t1 #aef-aeh1 #cee4 ,ca!dral ( ,freiburg1 #ic-ie1 #cee4 ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,lamb]t1 ,lige1 #bih1 #ceg4 ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,paul1 ,lige1 #bii1 #ceg4 ,ca!dral ( ,limburg1 #c1 #fg1 #ahb-ahf1 #ceg4 ,ca!dral ( ,l9coln1 v4 ,ca!dral ( ,may5ce1 #dh1 #di1 #ed1 #fj1 #fd1 #aej1 #afb1 #afd-agj1 #ceg4 ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,/eph51 ,metz1 v41 #aad1 #abj-abd1 #ceh4 ,ca!dral at ,pad]born1 #fa4 ,ca!dral ( ,p>is1 v41 #c4 ,ca!dral ( ,reims1 v41 #d4 ,ca!dral ( ,r\51 #d4 ,ca!dral ( ,s*affhaus51 #ha1 #cfj4 ,ca!dral ( ,spey]1 #d1 #ca1 #eg1 #fj1 #abh-acc1 #cfj4 ,ca!dral ( ,/rasburg1 v41 #dg1 #fd1 #ig1 #ii-aji1 #cfa4 ,ca!dral ( ,t\rnai1 #c1 #dc4 ,ca!dral ( ,trves1 #ef1 #bjh1 #bad-bag1 #cfa4 ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,m>t91 ,utre*t1 #cci-cda1 #cfb4 ,ca!dral ( ,worms1 #fj1 #aej-aea1 #cfb4 ,ca!dral ( ,york1 v4 ,ca?olic ,*ur* ( ,wiesbad51 #aci-ada4 ,*apel ( ! ,?ree ,k+s1 ,cologne ,ca!dral1 #beh-bfa4 ,*>lemagne1 #ac1 #ad1 #ae1 #cj1 #cc1 #cg1 #ej1 #ii1 #adi1 #aec1 #aee1 #agh1 #bdf1 #bdg1 #bgg-bhc1 #bhi1 #bic1 #bid4 ,*>les ,v41 #adi1 #aii4 ,*teau ( ,mannheim1 #adg4 ,*ur*es ( ,c>lsruhe1 #ace4 ,*ur* ( ,clves1 #cbg1 #cdi4 ,*ur*es ( ,d>m/adt1 #acg-ach4 ,*ur* ( ,dev5t]1 #ci4 ,*ur* ( ,mannheim1 #adh1 #ceg4 ,*ur* ( ,notre ,dame1 ,trves1 #bad1 #bag-bah1 #cfa4 ,*ur* ( ,notre ,dame1 ,worms1 #aea4 ,*ur* ( ,rude%eim1 #agh4 ,*ur* ( ! ,apo/les1 ,cologne1 #bfg4 ,*ur* ( ! ,jesuits1 ,cologne1 #bgd4 ,*ur* ( ! ,jesuits1 ,dsseldorf1 #cjf4 ,*ur* ( ! ,jesuits1 ,trves1 #bah4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,adelb]t1 ,aix-la-,*apelle1 #bic4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,&rew1 ,cologne1 #bfg1 #bfh4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,anto9e1 ,trves1 #bah4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,b>?lemy1 ,lige1 #cjb-cjc1 #ceg4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 ,/rasburg1 #aaj4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,ca/or1 ,cobl5z1 #ch1 #ei1 #ahi-aij1 #cej4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 ,frank=t1 #aei1 #cee4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,clem5t1 ,metz1 #abe-abf4 ,*ur* ( ,/e4 ,croix1 ,lige1 #cja-cjb1 #ceg4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,esprit1 ,heidelb]g1 #add1 #cef4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,eu*>ius1 ,metz1 #abe4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,gangolphe1 ,trves1 #bah4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,g5evieve1 ,&]na*1 #bja-bjd1 #cdh4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,gron1 ,cologne1 #dd1 #eg1 #fc1 #bag1 #bga-bgd1 #ceb4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,g]vais1 ,trves1 #bah4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,jean1 ,lige1 #cja1 #ceg4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,john1 ,ni$]lahn/e91 #aia4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,john1 ,s*affhaus51 #ha1 #cfj4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,john1 ,utre*t1 #cda-cdb1 #cfb4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,leon>d1 ,frank=t1 #aei1 #cee4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>ia 9 ,capitola1 ,cologne1 #fj1 #fc1 #bff1 #bfh1 #ceb4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>t91 ,coire1 #bj-ba4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>t91 ,colm>1 #ia-ib1 #cej4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>t91 ,cologne1 #ei1 #fj1 #bfh4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>t91 ,emm]i*1 #cbf1 #cee4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>t91 ,lige1 #cja1 #ceg4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>t91 ,metz1 #abd1 #ceh4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>t91 ,worms1 #aea1 #cfb4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y1 ,dortmund1 #cbd1 #ced4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,maxim91 ,metz1 #abd4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,ni*olas1 ,frank=t1 #aeh4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pancras1 ,leyd51 #cde1 #cdf1 #ceg4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pan!on1 ,cologne1 #bff4 ,*ur* ( ,/ ,paul1 ,frank=t1 #aei1 #cee4 ,*ur* ( ,/ ,paul1 ,trves1 #bah4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]1 ,ba*>a*1 #ei1 #agc1 #cdh4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]1 ,cologne1 #bfd4 ,*ur* ( ,/ ,pet]1 ,heidelb]g1 #adc4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]1 ,leyd51 #cde1 #cdf1 #ceg4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pi]re1 ,metz1 #aah4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,quir9us1 ,neuss1 #f1 #ch1 #ef1 #ei1 #fj1 #bjd1 #cjh-cac1 #cei4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,re9hold1 ,dortmund1 #cbb-cbc1 #ced4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,sagelone1 ,metz1 #abe4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,/eph51 ,con/ance1 #gd-gg1 #ced4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,?omas1 ,/rasburg1 #aaa4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,victor1 ,xant51 #cbh-ccj1 #cfb4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,v9c5t1 ,metz1 #abd1 #ceh4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,walburge1 ,arnheim1 #ccd-cce1 #cdh4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,w]n]1 ,ba*>a*1 #agb4 ,clves1 #cbf1 #cbg4 ,clves1 ,*ur* (1 #cbg1 #cdi4 ,clock ( ,/rasburg1 #aje-ajh1 #cfa4 ,clovis1 #ae1 #ii1 #adi4 ,cobl5z1 #i1 #ad1 #ahg-aia4 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