,this e-text includes characters that require ,,utf-#h 7,unicode7 file encoding3 7letters with macron or 8long0 mark2 is rare7 ,if any of these characters do not display properly--in particular1 if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage1 make sure your text reader's 8character set0 or 8file encoding0 is set to ,unicode 7,,utf-#h74 ,you may also need to change the default font4 ,as a last resort1 use the ,latin-#a version of the file instead4 ,,two ,,latin ,,plays ,,for ,,high-,,school ,,students ,by ,,susan ,,paxson ,instructor in ,latin in the ,omaha ,high ,school ,,ginn ,,and ,,company ,boston ,new ,york ,chicago ,london ,atlanta ,dallas ,columbus ,san ,francisco ,copyright1 #aiaa1 by ,susan ,paxson ,all ,rights ,reserved #ebb4aj ,the ,athenum ,press ,ginn and ,company ,proprietors ,boston ,u4,s4,a4 ,,cui ,,bono8 ,if this little entertainment shall give pleasure and be of profit to any who have set out on their toilsome journey into the realm of ,latin ,literature1 the writer's aim will be accomplished ,,prefatory ,,note ,i am greatly indebted to ,mrs4 ,c4 ,h4 ,beeson and to ,professor ,frank ,j4 ,miller1 of the ,university of ,chicago4 ,to the former1 for her most scholarly and generous assistance in the correcting of the manuscript and for her many valuable suggestions throughout the work2 to the latter1 for his painstaking reading of the proof and for his kindly and helpful interest4 ,in fact1 it was largely due to the helpful uplift that came to some of my advanced classes1 as well as to myself1 from the presentation of ,professor ,miller's 8,dramatizations from ,vergil0 that these little plays were written4 ,,susan ,,paxson ,,contents ,page ,,introduction ix ,a ,,roman ,,school #a ,,costumes #af ,a ,,roman ,,wedding #ai ,,costumes ,,and ,,suggestions #cg ,,introduction ,in response to the invitation of the author and publishers1 ,i am glad to stand godfather to this little book of original ,latin plays4 ,they are the product of an enthusiastic teacher coperating with students whom she has1 in part by this means1 inspired with a genuine interest in ,roman life and its expression in the ,latin tongue4 ,they offer a helpful contribution to the solution of the ever-present and vexing problem which teachers of ,latin in secondary schools are meeting3 ,how can we make this ,latin interesting to our pupils8 ,how can we compete with departments which more easily hold the pupils' interest because their subject matter touches more nearly the various phases of modern life8 ,it is1 indeed1 true that any subject well taught by a live teacher will interest pupils4 ,but1 even where this condition is realized1 the need is being felt more and more of something which will vary the deadly monotony incident to the learning of the technique of a language1 especially one which makes its appeal largely to the eye alone through the medium of the printed page4 ,it is one of the most encouraging features of our present-day classical work that teachers more and more are inventing ways of vitalizing their teaching without weakening it4 ,for this must always be borne in mind3 that we are not seeking to gain mere interest4 ,what we want is interest in ,latin4 ,we want our students to be so interested that they will cheerfully endure all the hardships incident to this study because they have discovered that it is worth while in itself1 because it has come to mean something to them1 because it actually touches their own lives4 ,if the reader will scan the department of 8,current ,events0 in the present volume of the ,classical ,journal1 he will find many indications of this new spirit among classical teachers in the schools4 ,thus we find a ,latin club in a high school in ,columbus1 ,ohio1 giving1 among other activities1 an exhibition of a ,roman triclinium1 in which the whole scene was enacted as nearly as possible in the ,roman fashion1 accompanied by ,latin songs4 ,and thus the pupils were made to realize that the ,roman's life was not entirely one of warfare1 but that he ate1 drank1 and acted as a real human being4 ,in ,kansas1 a classical club was recently organized by the students of ,hiawatha ,academy1 whose program consists of talks on classical subjects and ,latin songs1 followed by a social hour enlivened by ,latin games4 ,in ,lincoln1 ,nebraska1 a live ,latin club has originated in an exceptionally strong ,csar class4 ,they call themselves the ,legio ,decima1 because they scorn 8anything that has to do with cavalry06 ,their program abounds in live topics connected with the ,latin work and unique representations of ,roman life4 ,but the greatest success seems to have been gained through the dramatic presentation of matter pertinent to the students' work4 ,we read of a spirited entertainment by the students of a ,seattle high school1 in which were given scenes from the 8,menaechmi0 of ,plautus1 together with the singing of several odes of ,horace which had been set to appropriate music4 ,others have attempted a play of ,terence4 ,scores of schools have presented dramatized scenes from ,vergil2 and we read of a school in ,georgia where ,horace's ninth satire1 itself a complete little drama as it stands1 was played by the students4 ,in the same school portions of ,csar were dramatized and acted2 and a dramatization based on the conspiracy of ,catiline was recently sent to me from a school in ,indiana4 ,from all these and many other points it is reported that great interest is aroused among the students1 primarily in the fact and production of the play itself1 but resulting also in a permanent interest in the more serious and regular work of the ,latin class4 ,the author of the plays presented in this book has herself already reaped rich rewards of her work in the continued zeal of her students for their ,latin study after they have passed on to college4 ,she writes that the boy who played 8,cicero0 in the wedding last year is now a freshman in an eastern college1 and still finds ,latin the work of his greatest interest and success2 and the girl who was 8,tullia0 in the play is also a freshman in college1 with zeal and courage enough to attempt the composition of ,latin hymns4 ,the difficulty heretofore felt by teachers and their ,latin clubs has been in finding appropriate plays in ,latin simple enough for their pupils to master without undue hardship1 and appealing strongly in their subject matter to the young student2 and ,i feel sure that in these two plays1 8,a ,roman ,school0 and 8,a ,roman ,wedding10 will be found just the material which has been sought4 ,aside from the awakened interest of the student and the vivid impression which his mind will receive of these two important phases of ,roman life1 who can estimate the actual gain in the acquisition of the ,latin language itself1 which will come not alone to those students who are fortunate enough to take part in these plays1 but to those as well who listen to the rehearsals and to the final production8 ,i therefore most cordially commend these plays to all teachers of ,latin1 and urge that they be presented in the schools each year wherever possible4 ,,frank ,,justus ,,miller ,the ,university of ,chicago ,a ,,roman ,,school #ij ,b4,c4 ,,dr,,matis ,,pers,,nae ,magister ,serv ,paedaggus ,aulus ,licinius ,archis idics ,pblius ,licinius ,crassus ,gius ,licinius ,crassus1 adulscns ,discipul ,mrcus ,tullius ,cicer ,quntus ,tullius ,cicer ,lcius ,sergius ,catilna ,mrcus ,antnius ,gius ,ilius ,caesar ,appius ,claudius ,caecus ,gnaeus ,pompius ,pblius ,cldius ,pulcher ,mrcus ,inius ,brtus ,quntus ,hortnsius ,hortalus ,lcius ,licinius ,lcullus ,gius ,claudius ,mrcellus ,mrcus ,claudius ,mrcellus ,a ,,roman ,,school ,when the curtain is drawn1 plain wooden benches are seen arranged in order on the stage4 ,two boys stand at the blackboard1 playing 8odd or even02 two others are noisily playing nuces#a2 one is playing with a top1 another is rolling a hoop1 and a third is drawing a little toy cart4 ,three boys in the foreground are playing ball4 ,they are ,quintus ,cicero1 ,marcus ,cicero1 and ,marcus ,antonius4 ,with their conversation the scene begins4 ,footnote #a3 8,four or five of these 7walnuts7 are piled pyramidally together1 when the players1 withdrawing to a short distance1 pitch another walnut at them1 and he who succeeds in striking and dispersing the heap wins40 ,story1 8,roba di ,roma10 p4 #abh4 ,q4 ,cic4 ,mihi pilam d6 ,m4 ,cic4 1 d locum meliribus6 ,m4 ,ant4 ,t1 ,mrce1 pilam nn rct remittis4 ,oportet altius iacere4 ,m4 ,cic4 ,iam satis alta erit4 ,hanc excipe6 7,tosses the ball very high47 ,m4 ,mar4 7going up to ,l4 ,lucullus who has the cart74 ,mihi plstellum d4 ,l4 ,luc4 ,nn1 hc plstellum est meum4 ,s t plstellum cupis1 domum reversus inde pete4 ,m4 ,mar4 ,mihi t nn grtus es1 ,lc ,lculle4 7,the ,magister enters and loudly calls the roll1 those present answering adsum47 ,mag4 ,mrcus ,tullius ,cicer4 ,quntus ,tullius ,cicer4 ,lcius ,sergius ,catilna4 7,catilina is absent and all shout abest47 ,mrcus ,antnius4 ,gius ,claudius ,mrcellus4 ,gius ,ilius ,caesar4 ,appius ,claudius ,caecus4 7,appius is absent and all again shout abest47 ,lcius ,licinius ,lcullus4 ,gnaeus ,pompius4 ,pblius ,cldius ,pulcher4 ,mrcus ,inius ,brtus4 ,quntus ,hortnsius ,hortalus4 ,mrcus ,claudius ,mrcellus4 ,nunc1 puer1 percipite1 quaes1 dligenter1 quae dcam1 et ea penitus anims vestrs mentibusque mandte4 ,sine mor respondte4 7,writes on the board the sentence 8,omns rs d regunt407 ,nmen d1 ,mrce ,cicer1 dscrbe4 ,m4 ,cic4 ,d est nmen1 est dclntinis secundae1 generis masculn1 numer plrlis1 css nmintv1 ex rgul prm1 quae dcit3 ,nmen quod subiectum verb est1 in cs nmintv pnitur4 ,mag4 ,bene1 ,mrce1 bene6 lim eris t mgnus vir1 eris cnsul1 eris rtor clrissimus1 quod tam dligns es4 ,qunte ,cicer6 7,enter ,catilina late4 ,he is accompanied by a paedagogus carrying a bag with tabellae47 puer piger1 hom perditissimus eris4 ,qu usque tandem abtre1 ,catilna1 patienti nostr8 ,vpulbis4 ,l4 ,cat4 magister1 mihi parce1 frg er1 frg er4 ,mag4 ,catilna1 mre et exempl popul ,rmn1 tibi nll mod parcere possum4 ,accdite1 serv6 7,enter two servi1 one of whom takes ,catilina by the head1 the other by the feet1 while the magister pretends to flog him severely1 and then resumes the lesson4#b7 ,pergite1 puer4 ,qunte ,cicer1 verbum regunt dscrbe4 ,footnote #b3 ,see ,johnston1 8,private ,life of the ,romans10 p4 #ha2 or ,miller1 8,the ,story of a ,roman ,boy40 ,q4 ,cic4 7hesitatingly74 ,regunt est verbum4 ,est coniugtinis secundae1 coniugtinis secundae1 coniugtinis se 4 4 4 ,mag4 ,male1 ,qunte4 ,t es minus dligns frtre tu ,mrc4 ,nescs quantum m hius negt taedeat4 ,s pnsum crs nn cnfceris1 est mihi in anim ad tuum patrem scrbere4 ,haec nl iocor4 ,tuam nquitiam nn ditius feram1 nn patiar1 nn sinam4 ,q4 ,cic4 d immortls1 tlem vertite csum et servte pis puers1 quamquam pigr sunt4 ,mag4 ,qunte ,hortns1 verbum regunt dscrbe4 ,q4 ,hor4 ,regunt est verbum2 praesns est reg2 nfntvus1 regere2 perfectum1 rx2 supnum1 rctum4 ,est coniugtinis tertiae1 generis actv1 mod indictv4 ,mag4 ,rct1 rct1 ,qunte6 ,bonus puer es4 ,gnae ,pomp1 perge4 ,gn4 ,pom4 7crying74 ,nn pergere possum4 ,mag4 puer parve1 pergere potes4 ,hanc placentam accipe4 ,iam perge4 ,gn4 ,pom4 7taking the little cake and eating it74 ,regunt temporis praesentis est2 persnae tertiae2 numer plrlis nmen sequns1 ex rgul secund1 quae dcit3 ,verbum persnam numerumque nminis sequitur4 ,mag4 ,rct6 ,nnne tibi dx t rem expnere posse8 ,nihil agis1 ,gnae ,pomp1 nihil mlris1 nihil cgits1 quod nn ego nn modo audiam1 sed etiam videam plnque sentiam4 ,g ,mrcelle1 tempus futrum flecte4 ,g4 ,mar4 ,regam1 regs1 reget1 regmus1 regtis1 regent4 ,mag4 ,quae pars rtinis est omns1 ,g8 ,g4 ,mar4 ,omns est adiectvum4 ,mag4 ,rct2 estne omns dclnbile an indclnbile1 ,pbl ,pulcher8 ,p4 ,pul4 ,omns est dclnbile1 omnis1 omne4 ,mag4 ,in qu cs est omns1 ,mrce ,brte8 ,m4 ,bru4 ,omns est css accstv ex rgul quae dcit3 ,nmen adiectvum csum et genus nminis substantv sequitur4 ,mag4 ,cius dclntinis est omns1 ,mrce ,mrcelle8 ,m4 ,mar4 ,omns est dclntinis tertiae4 ,mag4 ,potesne omns dclnre8 ,m4 ,mar4 ,oppid1 magister1 auscult4 7,declines omnis47 ,mag4 ,mrcus ,claudius1 su mre1 optim fcit4 ,quam cnstrctinem habet rs1 ,mrce ,brte8 ,m4 ,bru4 ,rs est nmen css accstv1 quod obiectum verb regunt est4 7,enter ,appius ,caecus late4 ,his paedagogus accompanies him47 ,paed4 ,magister1 ,appius ,claudius hodi mne aeger est1 idcirc tard venit4 7,exit47 ,mag4 ,poens d1 8,mic1 ,mic10 recit4 ,app4 ,caec4 ,mic1 mic1 parva stella1 ,mror quaenam ss1 tam bella6 ,splendns minus in ill ,alba velut gemma cael4 ,quand fervns ,sl discessit1 ,nec calre prta pscit1 ,mox ostendis lmen prum ,micns1 micns per obscrum4 ,mag4 ,quis alius recitre potest8 ,all 7shouting74 ,ego possum1 ego possum4 ,mag4 ,bene2 ,mrce ,antn1 recit4 ,m4 ,ant4 ,trs philosoph d ,tuscul ,mare nvigrunt vscul2 ,s vs fuisset ttius ,tibi canerem ditius4 ,others 7shouting74 ,mihi recitre liceat4 ,mag4 ,recit1 ,gnae ,pomp4 ,gn4 ,pom4 ,ianns1 ,ioanns1 tbcine ntus1 ,fgit perniciter porcum frtus4 ,sed porcus vortus1 ,ianns dltus1 ,et plrns per vis it fr1 flagelltus4 ,m4 ,bru4 7holding up his hand74 ,novum carmen ego possum recitre4 ,mag4 ,et t1 ,brte6 ,perge6 ,m4 ,bru4 ,gius cum ,gi in montem ,veniunt ad hauriendum fontem2 ,gius prlpsus frgit frontem1 ,trxit scum ,giam nsontem4#c ,footnote #c3 ,here1 as well as elsewhere1 remember that ,gius and ,gia are each three syllables4 ,mag4 ,hc satis est hodi4 ,nunc1 puer1 cor-- ,quid tibi vs1 ,qunte ,hortns8 ,facis ut tt corpore contremscam4 ,q4 ,hor4 7who has been shaking his hand persistently74 ,magister1 ego novs verss prnntire possum4 ,soror mea es m docuit4 ,mag4 ,recit celeriter4 ,q4 ,hor4 ,iacbulus ,horner ,sedbat in corner ,edns ,sturnlicium pie2 nseruit thumb1 ,extrxit plum1 ,clmns1 ,quam cer puer sum ,i4 ,mag4 ,nunc1 puer1 corpora exercte4 num1 duo1 tria4 7,the discipuli now perform gymnastic exercises1 following the example of the magister1 who goes through the movements with them4 ,these may be made very amusing1 especially if the following movements are used3 ,arms sideways--stretch2 heels--raise1 knee bend2 forehead--firm2 right knee upward--bend47 ,mag4 ,cnsdite4 ,pnsum crstinum est pnsum decimum4 ,cavte n hc oblvscmin4 ,pnsum crstinum est pnsum decimum4 ,et porr hunc versum discite3 8,superanda omnis fortna ferend est40 7,the magister repeats this verse emphatically several times in a loud and formal tone1 the discipuli repeating it after him at the top of their voices47 ,iam gegraphia nbs cnsderanda est et ,galliae opera danda4 ,quid d ,galli potes t dcere1 ,mrce ,mrcelle8 ,m4 ,mar4 ,gallia est omnis dvsa in parts trs1 qurum nam incolunt ,belgae1 aliam ,aqutn1 tertiam qu ipsrum lingu ,celtae1 nostr ,gall appellantur4 ,mag4 ,pbl ,pulcher1 hrum omnium1 qu fortissim sunt8 ,p4 ,pul4 ,hrum omnium fortissim sunt ,belgae4 ,mag4 ,mihi dc cr ,belgae fortissim sint4 ,p4 ,pul4 ,belgae fortissim sunt proptere quod cult atque hmnitte ,rmae longissim absunt1 minimque ad es merctrs ,rmn saepe commeant atque ea quae ad effminands anims pertinent1 important4 ,mag4 ,quis fns ,galliae dsgnre potest8 ,all 7raising hands74 ,ego1 ego possum4 ,mag4 ,lc ,lculle1 ,galliae fns dsgn4 ,l4 ,luc4 ,gallia initium capit flmine ,rhodan2 contintur ,garumn flmine1 cean1 fnibus ,belgrum2 attingit flmen ,rhnum ab ,squans et ,helvtis2 vergit ad septentrins4 ,mag4 ,qus des colunt ,gall1 ,gnae ,pomp8 ,gn4 ,pom4 ,derum maxim ,mercurium colunt2 hunc omnium inventrem artium ferunt1 hunc virum atque itinerum ducem esse arbitrantur4 ,post hunc ,apollinem et ,martem et ,iovem et ,minervam colunt4 ,mag4 ,bene1 ,gnae4 ,quem deum1 ,catilna1 colunt ,rmn maxim8 ,l4 ,cat4 ,ns ,iovem dvum patrem atque hominum rgem maxim colimus4 ,mag4 ,nunc1 puer1 cantte4 ,quod carmen hodi cantmus8 7,many hands are raised47 ,g ,caesar1 quod carmen t cantre vs8 ,g4 ,caes4 ,vol 8,mlits ,chrstin0 cantre4 ,mag4 ,hc pulcherrimum carmen cantmus4 7,a knock is heard4 ,enter ,publius ,licinius ,crassus and ,aulus ,licinius ,archias with slaves carrying scrolls47 ,salvte1 amc4 ,vs advnisse gaude4 ,nnne adsdtis ut puers cantre auditis8 ,a4 ,archias4 ,iam rct1 carmen sn audimus4 ,mag4 ,optim1 puer1 cantmus4 num1 duo1 tria4 7,all rise and sing2 each has the song#d before him on a scroll47 ,footnote #d3 ,tune of 8,onward1 ,christian ,soldiers40 ,slightly altered from ,education1 ,vol4 ,,ix1 p4 #ahg4 ,the author hopes that this most obvious anachronism will be pardoned on the ground that this hymn appeals to young pupils more than most ,latin songs1 and is therefore enjoyed by them and more easily learned4 ,mlits ,chrstin1 ,bell pergite2 ,cram ,is crucem ,vs prvehite4 ,chrstus rx1 magister1 ,dcit gmina1 ,eius iam vxillum ,it in proelia4 ,mgnum gmen movet ,de ecclsia4 ,gradimur snctrum1 ,frtrs1 smit4 ,nn dvs sumus1 nus omns ns2 nus sp1 doctrn1 ,critte ns4 ,thron atque rgna nstbilia1 ,sed per ,isum cnstns ,stat ecclsia4 ,portae nn gehennae ,illam vincere1 ,nec prmissus ,is ,potest fallere4 ,popule1 bets ,vs coniungite6 ,carmina triumph n canite2 ,chrst rg honor1 ,lauds1 glria1 ,angel hc canent ,saecla omnia4 ,mag4 ,iam1 puer1 silenti fact1 ,gius ,ilius ,caesar nbs suam rtinem habbit quam d ambitine su composuit4 ,hc rtine fnt1 ,mrcus ,tullius ,cicer suam habbit4 ,ut prnntitum est complribus dibus ante1 h duo puer d praemi inter s contendunt4 ,hc di flcissim duo clrissim et honestissim vir arbitr sunt1 ,aulus ,licinius ,archis et ,pblius ,licinius ,crassus4 ,in rstra1 ,g ,il ,caesar1 scende6 ,g4 ,caes4 7,reads from a scroll or recites47 ,mea cra ambiti est pertus dux mlitum fier4 ,bella multa et mgna cum gentibus omnibus ntinibusque orbis terrae gerere cupi4 ,bellum nferre vol ,germns et nsulae ,britanniae omnibusque populs ,galliae et cters qu inimc anim in populum ,rmnum sunt4 ,in prms1 in nsulam ,britanniam pervenre cupi1 quae omnis fer ,rmns est incgnita1 et cgnoscere quanta sit mgnitd nsulae4 ,vol pontem in ,rhn aedificre et mgnum exercitum trdcere ut metum ills ,germns quibus nostra parvula corpora contemptu sunt iniciam4 ,ubi ,rhnum ego trnsier1 nn ditius glribuntur ill ,germn mgnitdine surum corporum4 ,vs sententiam rog1 idics amplissim1 nnne est haec ambiti honesta8 ,deinde rs gests mes perscrbam4 ,negtium hius historiae legendae puers dab mentium exercendrum caus1 nam mihi crdite1 commentri d bell ,gallic tils erunt ad ingenia acuenda puerrum4 7,discipuli applaud47 ,mag4 ,nunc ,mrcus nbs d su crissim ambitine loqutur4 ,in rstra scende1 ,mrce6 ,m4 ,cic4 ,quoad longissim potest mns mea respicere et ultimam memoriam recordr1 haec mea ambiti fuit1 ut m ad scrbend studium cnferam1 prmum ,rmae1 deinde in alis urbibus4 ,ambiti mea autem est omnibus antecellere ingen me glri1 ut haec rti et facults1 quantacumque in m sit1 numquam amcrum perculs dsit4 ,nnne est haec ambiti maximum incitmentum labrum8 ,deinde1 haec est mea ambiti1 ut cnsul sim4 ,d me amre glriae vbs cnfitbor4 ,vol pots reperre qu ad glriam me cnsults celebrandam omne ingenium cnferant4 ,nihil m mtum poterit dlectre1 nihil tacitum4 ,quid enim1 nnne dsderant omns glriam et fmam8 ,quam mults scrptrs rrum suram mgnus ille ,alexander scum habuisse dcitur6 ,itaque1 ea verba quae pr me cnsutdine breviter simpliciterque dx1 arbitr1 cnfd probta esse omnibus4 7,discipuli applaud47 ,mag4 ,ut vidtis1 arbitr clrissim1 puer nxis anims vestrum dcrtum exspectant4 ,quae cum ita sint1 pet vbs1 ut testimnium laudis dtis4 ,a4 ,archias4 ,ambs puers1 magister1 maxim laudamus1 sed nus slus praemium habre potest4 ,ns nn dcernere possumus4 ,itaque dcrvimus ut h puer amb inter s sortiantur uter praemium obtineat4 ,serv1 urnam prferte6 ,nmina in urnam iaciam4 ,qu habet nmen quod prmum dcam1 is vctor erit4 7,takes from the urn a small chip and reads the name ,marcus ,tullius ,cicero47 ,t1 ,mrce ,cicer1 victrem esse prnnti4 ,sc fta dcrvrunt4 ,serv1 cornam ferte6 7,places a wreath of leaves on the head of ,marcus4 ,the discipuli again applaud47 ,m4 ,cic4 7going up to ,csar74 ,caesar1 nl anim frang4 ,nn dubium est qun t melirem rtinem habuers4 ,g4 ,caes4 7coolly74 ,ds aliter vsum est4 ,mag4 ,vs amb1 ,g et ,mrce1 honr huic scholae estis4 ,utinam cter vs imitentur4 ,aliud certmen hius mod mox habbimus4 ,loqumur d-- 7,a knock is heard4 ,enter ,gaius ,licinius ,crassus47 ,g4 ,cras4 ,m pater6 ,p4 ,cras4 ,m fl6 7,they embrace47 ,g4 ,cras4 ,mter mea mihi dxit t arbitrum in hc certmine hodi esse4 ,t ditius exspectre nn potu4 ,iam di t vidre cupi et ego quoque cupi hc certmen audre4 ,estne cnfectum8 ,p4 ,cras4 ,cnfectum est4 ,utinam h puer t recitre audiant6 ,t es docre posss qumodo discipul ,rhodi in schol recitent4 ,m4 ,cic4 arbiter1 nbs grtissimum sit1 s tuum flium audre possmus4 ,discipuli 7eagerly74 ,crasse1 recit1 recit6 ,g4 ,cras4 ,s vbs id placet1 recitb1 meum tamen carmen longum est4 ius titulus est 8,pome of a ,possum40 7,recites with gesticulation47 ,the nox was lit by lx of lna1 ,and 'twas a nox most opportna ,to catch a possum or a coona2 ,for nix was scattered o'er this mundus1 ,a shallow nix1 et nn profundus4 ,on sc a nox1 with canis nus1 ,two boys went out to hunt for coonus4 nus canis1 duo puer1 ,numquam braver1 numquam truer1 ,quam hoc trio quisquam fuit1 ,if there was1 ,i never knew it4 ,the corpus of this bonus canis ,was full as long as oct span is1 ,but brevior legs had canis never ,quam had hc bonus dog et clever4 ,some used to say1 in stultum iocum1 ,quod a field was too small locum ,for sc a dog to make a turnus ,circum self from stem to sternus4 ,this bonus dog had one bad habit1 ,ambat much to chase a rabbit2 ,ambat pls to catch a rattus1 ,ambat bene tree a cattus4 ,but on this nixy moonlight night ,this old canis did just right1 ,numquam chased a starving rattus1 ,numquam treed a wretched cattus1 ,but cucurrit on1 intentus ,on the track and on the scentus1 ,till he treed a possum strongum ,in a hollow trunkum longum4 ,loud he barked in horrid bellum1 ,seemed on terr vnit hellum4 ,quickly ran uterque puer ,mors of possum to secure4 ,cum venrunt1 one began ,to chop away like quisque man2 ,soon the ax went through the trunkum1 ,soon he hit it all kerchunkum2 ,combat deepens2 on1 ye braves6 ,canis1 puer1 et staves2 ,as his powers nn longius tarry1 ,possum potest nn pgnre2 ,on the nix his corpus lieth1 ,ad the ,styx his spirit flieth1 ,joyful puer1 canis bonus ,think him dead as any stonus4 ,now they seek their pater's dom1 ,feeling proud as any hom1 ,knowing1 cert1 they will blossom ,into heroes1 when with possum ,they arrive1 narrbunt story1 ,plnus blood et plnior glory4 ,pompey1 ,david1 ,samson1 ,caesar1 ,cyrus1 ,black ,hawk1 ,shalmaneser6 ,tell me where est now the glria1 ,where the honors of vctria8 ,cum ad domum nrrant story1 ,plnus sanguine1 tragic1 gory1 ,pater praiseth1 likewise mter1 ,wonders greatly younger frter4 ,possum leave they on the mundus1 ,go themselves to sleep profundus1 ,somniant possums slain in battle ,strong as ursae1 large as cattle4 ,when nox gives way to lx of morning1 ,albam terram much adorning1 ,up they jump to see the varmen ,of which this here is the carmen4 ,possum1 lo1 est resurrctum6 ,ecce puerum diectum6 ,nn relinquit track behind him1 ,et the puer never find him2 ,cruel possum1 bstia vilest1 ,how t puers beguilest2 ,puer think nn pls of ,csar1 ,go ad ,orcum1 ,shalmaneser1 ,take your laurels1 cum the honor1 ,since istud possum is a goner6#e ,footnote #e3 ,anonymous4 7,discipuli applaud47 ,mag4 ,omns qu ,gi ,crass grtis agere velint1 surgite6 7,all stand47 ,nunc1 puer1 domum redte4 ,discipuli 7departing74 ,omne bene1 ,sine poen ,tempus est ldend2 ,vnit hra ,absque mor ,librs dpnend4 ,val1 magister4 ,val1 magister4 ,,costumes ,the magister1 iudices1 and discipuli should all wear white togas with a purple#f border4 ,a white gauze shirt with short sleeves may be used as a tunic1 while white duck trousers and tennis slippers serve to complete the costume4 ,illustration ,the togas can be made of white muslin according to the measurements and cut given by ,professor ,johnston1#g which he has kindly permitted me to use4 8,those who attempt the reconstruction of the toga wholly or chiefly from works of art find it impossible to reproduce on the living form the drapery seen on the statues1 with a toga of one piece of goods or of a semicircular pattern4 ,an experimental form is shown in the figure1 and resembles that of a lamp shade cut in two and stretched out to its full extent4 ,the dotted line ,,gc is the straight edge of the goods2 the heavy lines show the shape of the toga after it had been cut out1 and had had sewed upon it the ellipse-like piece marked ,f,r,acba4 ,the dotted line ,,ge is of a length equivalent to the height of a man at the shoulder1 and the other measurements are to be calculated proportionately4 ,when the toga is placed on the figure1 the point ,e must be on the left shoulder1 with the point ,g touching the ground in front4 ,the point ,f comes at the back of the neck1 and as the larger part of the garment is allowed to fall behind the figure the points ,l and ,m will fall on the calves of the legs behind1 the point a under the right elbow1 and the point b on the stomach4 ,the material is carried behind the back and under the right arm and then thrown over the left shoulder again4 ,the point c will fall on ,e1 and the portion ,o,p,ca will hang down the back to the ground4 ,the part ,,fra is then pulled over the right shoulder to cover the right side of the chest and form the sinus1 and the part running from the left shoulder to the ground in front is pulled up out of the way of the feet1 worked under the diagonal folds1 and allowed to fall out a little to the front40 ,the servi and paedagogus should wear tunics of some coarse1 dark-colored material4 ,in small schools1 where there is not a sufficiently large number of boys in the ,latin classes for discipuli1 the parts may be taken by girls4 ,their hair should fall nearly to their shoulders1 as in the case of the ,roman boy4 ,they may wear unstarched white skirts under the toga4 ,the tabellae may be made of little book-shaped slates with wooden borders 7paint them light-colored71 and the rolls of paper4 ,footnote #f3 ,that is1 either 8the color of clotted blood0 7which was the ,tyrian purple1 the purple above all others7 or any color from this to violet2 8purple0 meant the dye from any sort of univalve mollusk that gave a dye4 ,there is reason to believe that genuine ,turkey red1 though not a mollusk dye1 was commercially called a purple4 ,footnote #g3 ,johnston1 8,private ,life of the ,romans10 ,scott1 ,foresman ,co41 #aijc4 ,a ,,roman ,,wedding #fc ,b4,c4 ,,tres ,,scaenae ,scaena prma3 ,spnslia ,scaena secunda3 ,nptiae ,scaena tertia3 ,dducti ,,dr,,matis ,,pers,n ,spnsa3 ,tullia ,spnsus3 ,gius ,ps ,spnsae pater3 ,mrcus ,tullius ,cicer ,spnsae mter3 ,terentia ,spns pater3 ,lcius ,pso ,frg ,spns mter ,spnsae frter3 ,mrcus ,tullius ,cicer1 adulscns ,flmen ,dilis ,pontifex ,maximus ,iris cnsultus ,quntus ,hortnsius ,prnuba ,sgntrs ,tbcins ,lctrs ,mrcipor ,philotmus ,serv ,tr ,anna ,a ,,roman ,,wedding ,,scaena ,,pr,,ma ,,sp,,ns,,lia ,let the curtain be raised1 showing a room furnished as nearly as possible like the atrium of a ,roman house4 ,a bench1 covered with tapestry1 on each side of the stage facilitates the seating of the guests4 ,cicero is heard practicing an oration behind the scenes4 ,m4 ,cic4 rem pblicam miserbilem6 ,qu r1 ,quirts1 dubittis8 d immortls6 ,ubinam gentium sumus8 ,in qu urbe vvimus8 ,quam rem pblicam habmus8 ,vvis1 et vvis nn ad dpnendam sed ad cnfrmandam tuam audciam4 7,enter ,terentia4 ,a slave1 ,anna1 follows bringing a boy's toga1 which she begins to sew1 under ,terentia's direction4 ,another slave1 ,marcipor1 also follows47 ,nihil agis1 nihil mlris1 nihil cgits quod nn ego nn modo audiam1 sed videam4 ,quae cum ita sint1 ,catilna1 ex urbe gredere2 patent portae1 proficscere4 ,mgn m met lberbis dum modo inter m atque t mrus intersit4 ,quid est enim1 ,catilna1 quod t iam in hc urbe dlectre possit8 ,quamquam quid loquor8 ,t ut lla rs frangat8 7,a crash1 similar to that of falling china1 is heard47 ,terentia4 ,quid est8 ,vid1 ,mrcipor6 7,as ,marcipor is about to leave1 ,philotimus enters at the right1 bringing in his hands the pieces of a broken vase47 ,phil4 domina1 ecce1 dominus1 dum rtinem medittur1 vs quod ipse tibi ,graeci attulit1 mans gest dmltus est4 ,terentia 7groaning74 ,lege1 ,philotme1 omnia fragmenta4 7,exit ,phil47 ,mihi1 ,mrcipor1 fer cistam ex alabastrt factam4 7,exit ,mar47 7,to herself47 ,tam molestum est rtr npsisse4 7,covers her face with her hands1 as if weeping47 ,m4 ,cic4 7proceeding with his practicing74 ,atque hc quoque m n togt factum est4 ,mrce ,tull1 quid agis8 ,interfectum esse ,lcium ,catilnam iam prdem oportbat4 ,quid enim mal aut sceleris fing aut cgitr potest quod ille nn concperit8 rem pblicam fortntam1 praeclram laudem me cnsults1 s ex vt ille exierit6 ,vix feram sermns hominum1 s id fcerit4 7,enter ,marcipor with a small box47 ,mar4 ,hc est1 domina1 cista tua4 ,terentia 7takes from her bosom a key and opens the box1 taking out a package of letters1 one of which she reads74 8,sine t1 mea ,terentia crissima1 sum miserrimus4 ,utinam dom tcum semper manrem4 ,quod cum nn possit1 ad m cotdi litters scrbe4 ,cr ut vales et ita tibi persud1 mihi t crius nihil esse nec umquam fuisse4 ,val1 mea ,terentia1 quam ego vidre videor itaque dbilitor lacrims4 ,cr1 cr t1 mea ,terentia4 ,etiam atque etiam val40 ,quondam litters amantissims scrpsit2 nunc epistolia frgscunt4 ,quondam vs mihi dedit1 nunc vs mihi dmltur2 quondam fuit martus1 nunc est rtor4 ,tam molestum est mtrem familis esse4 7,enter ,cicero1 from the right1 followed by his slave ,tiro1 carrying a number of scrolls which he places upon a table47 ,m4 ,cic4 ,quid est1 ,terentia8 ,quidnam lacrims8 ,mihi dc4 ,terentia4 ,rs nllast6 ,modo putbam quantum mttus ab ill ,cicerne qu m in mtrimnium dxerit1 sit ,cicer quem hodi vide4 ,tum ,terentiae aliqua rati habbtur4 ,nunc vacat ,cicer librs modo et rtinibus et ,catilnae4 ,nescs quantum m hius negt taedeat6 ,nllum tempus habs ad cnsultandum mcum d studis nostr fliol4 ,magister d e haec hodi rettulit4 7,hands ,cicero a scroll47 ,m pudet fl4 ,m4 ,cic4 7reading to himself the report74 ,dc me fli1 ,mrcipor1 ut ad m veniat4 7,exit ,marcipor1 who returns bringing young ,marcus47 ,m4 ,cic4 a4 ,quid est1 pater8 ,m4 ,cic4 ,tua mter1 m fl1 animum nxium ob hanc renntitinem d t habet4 ,m quoque1 cnsulem ,rmnum1 hius renntitinis quibusdam partibus pudet4 7,reads aloud47 8,bis absns40 ,cr1 m fl1 schol fuist8 ,m4 ,cic4 a4 ,id nn memori tene4 ,terentia4 ,sunt multa quae memori nn tens1 s ego d hc renntitine idicre possum4 ,m4 ,cic4 7continues reading74 8,tardus decins60 ,decins6 ,id est incrdibile6 ,flius cnsulis ,rmn tardus decins6 ,mter tua id nn pat dbuit4 ,terentia 7angrily74 ,mter tua id nn pat dbuit6 ,imm vr pater tuus id nn pat debuit4 ,m4 ,cic4 8,ars legend ,a40 ,id quidem satis est4 8,ars scrbend ,d40 ,d6 ,id quidem minim satis est4 ,ngtor dfuit offici6 8,flius tuus dcit scrptram tempus longius cnsmere4 ,dbet s in scrbend multum exercre1 s scrbere mod tolerbil discere vult4 ,arithmtica ,a4 ,huic studi operam dat4 ,dclmti ,a4 ,omnibus facile hc studi antecellit40 ,bene1 m fl4 ,ea pars hius renntitinis mihi mgnopere placet4 rtor clrissimus lim eris4 ,terentia4 nus rtor apud ns satis est4 ,m4 ,cic4 a4 rtor er lim nihil minus4 ,facile est rtrem fier4 ,dclmti est facillima4 ,hodi in schol hanc dclmtinem didic3 ,omnia tempus edx dpscitur1 omnia carpit1 ,omnia sde movet1 nl sinit esse di4 ,flmina dficiunt1 profugum mare ltora siccant1 ,subsdunt monts et iuga celsa ruunt4 ,quid tam parva loquor8 mls pulcherrima cael ,ardbit flamms tta repente sus4 ,omnia mors poscit4 ,lx est1 nn poena1 perre3 ,hc aliqu mundus tempore nllus erit4 ,terentia4 ,tlis dclmti est facilis4 ,aud quid d gemetri tu reltum sit4 ,gemetria magis quam declmti ostendit utrum t mentem exerces4 ,m4 ,cic4 7continues reading74 8,gemetria ,d40 ,magister haec scripsit3 8,flius tuus dcit gemetriam rtribus intilem esse4 ,e dligenter dom labrandum est40 ,mrce1 hc est incrdibile6 ,num dxist t gemetriam rtribus intilem esse8 ,m4 ,cic4 a4 1 studium gemetriae mihi odisum ingrtumque est6 ,omns puers istus taedet4 ,tant nn est6 ,m4 ,cic4 ,etiam s studium t nn ams1 gemetriam discere dbs4 ,tibi centum sstertis dab s summam notam in gemetri proxim mnse adeptus eris4 ,m4 ,cic4 a4 7grasping his father's hand74 ,am t1 pater1 convenit6 ,eam adipscar6 ,terentia 7to ,anna74 ,estne toga parta8 ,anna4 ,parta est1 domina4 ,terentia4 ,hc ven1 ,mrce6 ,m4 ,cic4 a4 mter1 tempus perdere nl4 ,ml legere4 ,terentia4 ,quid dcis8 ,nn vs8 ,nnne vs novam togam habre8 ,m4 ,cic4 a4 ,nl4 ,nov m nl opus est4 ,tam fessus sum6 7,picks up a scroll and is about to take a seat in the corner47 ,m4 ,cic4 ,ad mtrem tuam1 ,mrce ,cicer1 sine mor1 accde6 7,marcus is about to obey when a knock is heard at the door4 ,lucius ,piso ,frugi and ,quintus ,hortensius enter at the left47 ,m4 ,cic4 7greeting ,q4 ,hortensius74 amc1 salvte6 ut valtis8 ,terentia 7greeting ,l4 ,piso74 ,d duint vbs quaecumque opttis4 ,cicern modo dcbam ns di vs nn vidre1 praesertim t1 ,ps4 ,mrcipor1 ubi est ,tullia8 ,e dc ut hc veniat4 ,l4 ,piso4 ,nl ,tulliam vocre4 ,nunc cum parentibus ,tulliae agere vol1 nn cum ,tulli ips4 ,terentia4 ,nn vs nostram ,tulliam vidre6 ,quid1 scre vol8 ,l4 ,piso4 ,cum e hc tempore agere nn cupi4 ,id propter quod in vestram domum hodi vn tu1 et ,cicernis rfert4 ,velim vbscum agere pr me fli1 ,gi ,psne1 qu fliam tuam in mtrimnium dcere vult4 ,m4 ,cic4 ,meam fliam in mtrimnium dcere6 ,mea ,tulliola nndum satis mtra est ut nbat4 ,mea flia mihi crior vt ips est4 ,eam mittere 4 4 4 id nn ferre possum4 ,ea lx nostra est4 ,me ,tulliol nihil umquam ambilius1 nec long vt ac prope immortlitte dgnius vd4 ,nndum anns quattuordecim implvit et iam ius prdentia est mrbilis4 ,ut magistrs amat6 ,quam intellegenter legit6 ,nn possum verbs exprimere quant vulnere anim percutiar s meam ,tulliolam mittam4 ,utinam penitus intellegers mes snss1 quanta vs patern sit amris4 ,l4 ,piso4 ,tlia verba1 ,mrce ,tull1 vir ,rmn nn propria sunt4 ,necesse est omns nostrs flis in mtrimnium dmus4 ,nihil aliud exspect4 ,terentia4 ,nostra flia omnibus grtissima est4 ,semper enim lepida et lberlis est4 ,iam di sci ns eam nn semper retinre posse4 ,l4 ,piso4 ,rct1 rct6 ,meus flius bonus est2 est rtor4 ,est quoque satis dves4 ,rmae dus aeds habet2 rre mgnificentissima vlla est e4 ,cum ill flia tua flx erit4 ,id mihi persusum habe4 ,quae cum ita sint1 ,mrce ,tull1 sine dte tuam fliam me fli posc4 ,m4 ,cic4 ,prohibeant d immortls condicinem ius mod4 ,cum mea flia in mtrimnium danda sit1 nminem cgnv qu ill dgnior sit quam tuus flius gregius4 ,l4 ,piso 7shaking hands with ,cicero74 ,mrce1 m amce1 d t respiciant6 ,nunc mihi eundum est ut flium et sgntrs arcessam et iam hc revertar4 7,exeunt ,l4 ,piso and ,q4 ,hortensius47 ,terentia4 ,dc1 ,mrcipor1 servs ut in culn vnum1 frcts1 placents parent4 7,exit ,marcipor47 ,mrce1 fl1 sorrem voc4 ,m4 ,cic4 a4 ,tullia1 ,tullia1 ,soror mea bella1 ,amtres tibi sunt ,ps et ,dolbella4 7,enter ,tullia at the right47 ,amatne ,ps t1 ,etiam ,dolbella8 ,tullia1 ,tullia1 ,soror mea bella1 ,psnem tuum martum fac2 ,nn grtus ,dolbella4 ,tullia4 ,mrce1 tu m taedet4 ,quid est1 mter8 ,terentia4 ,tullia1 nnne est ,gius ,ps tibi grtissimus8 ,tullia4 1 mihi satis placet4 ,cr m rogs1 mter8 ,terentia4 ,rog1 mea flia1 quod ,ps t in mtrimnium dcere vult4 ,tibi placetne hc8 ,tullia4 ,mihi placet s-- ,terentia4 ,s--quid1 mea flia8 ,tullia4 mter1 nl nbere4 ,sum flx tcum et patre et ,mrc4 ,vx tantum quattuordecim anns4 ,puella ditius esse vol1 nn mter familis4 ,terentia4 ,ps dves est4 ,pater tuus nn mgns dvitis nunc habet4 ,meum argentum quoque cnsmptum est4 ,etiam haec domus nostra nn ditius erit4 ,quid facimus s t nn bene nbs8 ,tullia4 ,sci patrem meum nn mgns possessins habre2 quid vr1 mter8 ,servlia1 ,lcull spnsa1 qu modo rediit spolis ,orientis onustus1 semper suam fortnam queritur4 ,misera ,lcullum dit ac dtesttur4 ,hestern di mes auribus ,servliam haec verba dcere audv3 8,m miseram6 nflcissimam vtam6 ,fminam maestam6 quid faciam8 ,mihi dlctus est martus disus4 ,nm rogvit qu vir mihi maxim placeat4 ,coniugem novum der1 id certum est4 ,prae lacrims nn iam loqu possum40 mter6 ego sum aequ trstis ac ,servlia4 ,nl ,gi ,psn nbere4 ,nll homin1 neque ,rmn neque peregrn1 quem vderim1 nbere vol4 ,terentia4 ,tullia1 mea flia1 mtris et nostrae doms miserre6 ,hodi pater m argentum postulbat quod e dare nn poteram4 ,ps dtissimus est et nbs auxili esse potest4 ,parentum turum caus t r n hunc gregium adulscentem aspernris4 ,tullia4 ,servliam et ,tulliam1 ambs misers6 ,quid dcis t1 m pater8 ,vs t quoque m in mtrimnium dare8 ,m4 ,cic4 mea ,tulliola1 m nl rogre4 ,nescs quantum ego t amem4 ,sine t vvere nn poter4 ,id mihi persusum habe4 ,put tamen1 s pcem apud ns habre velmus1 t mtris iussa sequ necesse esse4 ,tullia4 ,vol1 m pater1 t pcem habre4 ,tua vta tam perturbta fuit4 ,nbam1 sed m miseram6 7,a knock is heard4 ,enter from the left ,l4 ,piso1 ,gaius ,piso1 and the signatores4 ,they are greeted by ,cicero and ,terentia and seated by slaves47 ,terentia 7as she receives them74 ,multum salvte1 amc4 ,tulliae vix persudre poteram1 tamen nn iam invta est4 ,l4 ,piso4 ,bene1 bene1 hc est mihi dis grtissimus4 ,parta sunt omnia8 ,terentia4 ,omnia parta sunt1 sed iris cnsultus nndum vnit4 ,l4 ,piso4 ,ille quidem ad tempus adesse pollicitus est4 ,terentia4 ,id spr4 ,tbcins1 ,mrcipor1 hc arcesse4 7,enter ,q4 ,hortensius and his wife1 together with the pronuba and the iuris consultus47 ,salvte1 me amc4 ,adsdite s placet4 ,iuris con4 ,s mihi veniam dabitis1 nn di morr velim4 nstns negtium m in for flgitat4 ,mihi mtrandum est4 7,goes to a table with ,m4 ,cicero and busies himself with the tabulae nuptiales47 ,l4 ,piso4 ,mtrmus6 ,g et ,tullia1 ad m vente6 7,to ,cicero47 ,spondsne ,tulliam1 tuam fliam1 me fli uxrem dar8 ,m4 ,cic4 ,d bene vertant6 ,sponde4 ,l4 ,piso4 ,d bene vertant6 ,g4 ,piso 7placing a ring on the fourth finger of ,tullia's left hand74 ,hunc nulum qu meum longum amrem testtur aceipe4 ,manum1 ,tullia1 tibi d1 et vim bracchirum et celerittem pedum et glriam merum patrum4 ,t am1 pulchra puella4 ,t nam semper amb4 ,mihi es t crior omnibus quae in terr caelque sunt4 ,flcs semper smus6 ,iuris con4 ,tabulae nptils sunt partae et ecce condicins4 7,reads47 8,hc di1 prdi ds ,aprls1 ann sescentsim nngsim prm post ,rmam conditam1 ,m4 ,tulli ,cicerne ,gi ,antni cnsulibus1 ego ,m4 ,tullius ,cicer meam fliam ,tulliam ,gi ,calpurni ,lc fli ,psn sponde4 ,eam cum dte dare sponde4 ,ea ds erit qundecim mlia sstertium40 7,turning to ,gaius47 ,g ,ps1 spondsne t ,tulliam semper amtrum cultrumque8 ,gr4 ,piso4 ,id sponde4 ,iuris con4 ,spondsne t1 ,tullia1 t ,gi ,psn semper obsecutram esse8 ,tullia4 ,id sponde4 ,iuris con4 7stamping the tabulae with a seal74 ,nuc subscrbite6 ,t prmus1 ,cicer1 deinde ,terentia et ,tullia et ,gius4 7,the tibicines play softly and the servi pass wine1 dried fruit1 and small cakes4 ,tullia1 taking her glass of wine1 steps forward and pours a little out as an offering to the gods4 ,after the witnesses have signed in turn1 the following words of congratulation are spoken47 ,q4 ,hor4 ,bet vvtis1 ,ps et ,tullia6 ,omns spns et spnsae saltem propnmus6 7,all drink to the health of the betrothed47 ,m4 ,cic4 a4 ,sint d semper volents propitique ipss domu familiaeque4 ,sit vbs fortna bengna6 ,m4 ,cic4 ,tibi grtulor1 ,ps4 ,t pulcherrimam et optimam puellam ttus ,rmae adeptus es4 ,pronuba4 fortnte adulscns qu tlem puellam invners6 ,iuris con4 ,sgnvruntne omns8 ,t1 ,qunte ,hortns1 nndum subscrpsist4 ,q4 ,hor4 ,id statim faciam4 7,signs47 ,pronuba4 ,nunc omns cantmus6 7,all join in singing1 accompanied by the tibicines47 ,music3 ,hespere1 qui caelo fertur crudelior ignis8 ,qui natam possis complexu avellere matris1 ,complexu matris retinentem avellere natam ,et iuveni ardenti castam donare puellam4 ,quid faciunt hostes capta crudelius urbe8 ,hymen ,o ,hymene1 ,hymen ades ,o ,hymene4 ,,secunda ,,scaena ,n,,ptiae ,the house is adorned with wool1 flowers1 tapestry1 and boughs4 ,the ,pontifex ,maximus 7wearing a white fillet7 and the ,flamen ,dialis enter from opposite sides1 each preceded by a lictor with fasces1 who remains standing at the side of the stage1 while the priests pass on to the altar4 ,the ,flamen burns incense4 ,a slave brings in a pigeon on a silver tray and hands it to the ,flamen1 while another hands to the ,pontifex from a basket a plate of meal and one with crackers4 ,the priests1 taking respectively the bird and the meal1 hold them high above their heads and look up devoutly1 after which the bridal party enters1 from the left1 in the following order3 ,the bride1 preceded by the pronuba1 comes first4 ,both take their places1 standing at the right of the altar2 next the groom1 preceded by the boys1 takes his stand near the bride1 a little to the left2 the guests follow and are seated4 ,cicero hands wine to the priests1 with which they sprinkle the sacrifices4 ,as the ,flamen again looks up and raises his hands above his head1 all kneel except the priests and lictors1 while he pronounces the following solemn words3 ,auspicia secunda sunt4 ,mgna grtia ds immortlibus habenda est4 ,auspicia secunda sunt4 ,after all have risen1 the pronuba1 placing her hands upon the shoulder of the bride and groom1 conducts them to the front of the altar4 ,there she joins their hands and they walk around the altar twice1 hand in hand1 stopping in front when the ceremony proper begins4 ,again the ,flamen says3 ,auspicia secunda sunt4 ,the ,pontifex hands the groom a cracker1 of which he partakes1 passing it on to the bride4 ,the pronuba puts back the veil1 and after the bride has eaten the cracker she says to the groom3 ,ubi t ,gius1 ego ,gia4 ,both are then conducted by the pronuba to two chairs1 placed side by side1 at the right of the altar1 covered with the skin of a sheep4 ,they face the altar and the pronuba covers their heads with a large veil4 7,place the same veil over both47 ,pontifex ,maximus 7making an offering of meal to ,jupiter74 ,iuppiter omnipotns dvum pater atque hominum rx1 ,hs spnss bene respicis1 favesque per anns4 ,iuppiter omnipotns1 precibus s flecteris lls ,aspice es1 hc tantum1 et s piette merentur1 ,d cursum vtae icundum et commoda sparge ,multa man pln2 vrs validsque per menss ,h habeant1 puers pulchrs fortsque nepts4 ,rbus icunds quibus adss ,iuppiter semper4 ,flamen ,dialis4 ,in quae incdis dvum rgna ,iovisque ,coniunx et soror1 hs spnss serv atque ture4 ,sint et flcs1 forts1 piette suprm2 ,mgn cum virtte incdant omnibus anns1 ,semper fortnt1 semper et usque bet4 7,the pronuba now uncovers the heads of the wedded pair and they receive congratulations47 ,l4 ,piso4 ,bet vvtis1 ,g et ,tullia6 ,terentia4 ,vbs sint d semper faust6 ,m4 ,cic4 a4 ,vbs ambbus grtulor4 ,sed nlla rs levis est mtrimnium4 ,quid1 ,tullia8 ,tullia4 ,rct dcis1 frter1 mtrimnium nn in lev habendum est4 ,m4 ,cic4 ,sint omns dis flcs aequ ac hc dis4 ,pronuba4 ,spr1 me amc1 omns dis vbs laetissims futrs esse4 7,the curtain falls4 ,the priests and lictors retire1 all the rest1 except ,terentia and ,tullia1 keeping the same position for the next scene47 ,,scaena ,,tertia ,d,,ducti ,the guests are sitting about the room4 ,the bride is sitting on her mother's lap4 ,her wedding ornaments have been taken off and she is closely veiled4 ,the groom takes her as if by force from her mother's arms4 ,tullia4 mter1 mter1 nl t et patre me discdere4 1 m miseram6 ,terentia4 1 flia1 6 ,saepe tus parents et frtrem vsere poteris4 ,necesse est nunc cum mart es4 ,g4 ,piso4 ,mihi1 ,tullia1 crior vt es4 ,t nn pigbit coniugem meam fier4 ,id polliceor4 ,mcum ven1 ,tullia crissima6 ,tullia4 ,sc est4 ,prius mustceum edendum est4 7,she cuts the wedding cake and all partake47 ,l4 ,pisonis uxor4 ,hc mustceum optimum est4 ,hc fcistne t1 ,tullia8 ,tullia4 ,nihil temporis habbam qu mustceum facerem4 ,multa mihi n tempore agenda erant4 ,terentia4 ,tullia mustceum facere potest s spatium datur4 ,m4 ,cic4 a4 7taking another piece of cake74 ,tullia est dliciae puellae4 ,s num modo mustceum habmus1 ad novam domum ,tulliae proficscmur4 7,others cry out7 ,emus6 ,the curtain falls4 ,a frame to represent the door of a ,roman house is placed to the left of the stage2 a small altar stands at the right3 a circular piece of wood with holes bored in it as a receptacle for the torches 7common wax candles7 is placed on top of the altar used by the priests4 ,the procession to the groom's house advances from the left in the following order3 ,the flute-players first1 followed by a lad carrying a torch and vase2 next the bride1 supported on either side by a boy2 the groom1 throwing nuts to those in the street1 walks at the side2 a boy follows1 carrying the bride's spindle2 the others follow1 two by two1 all carrying torches and singing3 ,hespere1 qu cael fertur crdlior gnis8 ,qu ntam posss complex vellere mtris1 ,complex mtris retinentem vellere ntam ,et iuven rdent castam dnre puellam4 ,quid faciunt hosts capt crdlius urbe8 ,hmn ,hymenaee1 ,hmn ades ,hymenaee4 ,when the groom's house is reached1 the bride winds the door posts with woolen bands and anoints them with oil to signify health and plenty4 ,she is then lifted over the threshold by two boys to prevent possible stumbling4 ,the groom1 ,cicero1 ,terentia1 ,l4 ,piso and his wife1 enter the house and place their torches on the altar2 the others remain standing outside4 ,all continue singing1 accompanied by the flute-players1 until after the groom hands to the bride a dish1 on which incense is burning1 and a bowl of water1 which both touch in token of mutual purity1 and ,tullia again repeats the words3 ,ubi t ,gius1 ego ,gia4 ,g4 ,piso 7presenting to her the keys1 which she fastens in her girdle74 ,sit flx nostra vta6 ,clvs meae doms1 mea uxor1 accipe6 ,tullia kindles the fire on the altar with her torch1 and then throws it to a girl outside4 ,the girl who catches the torch exclaims3 1 m flicissimam6 proxima ,tulliae nbam4 7,tullia kneels at the altar and offers prayer to ,juno47 ,in1 es auctor mnerum1 ,in1 mter omnium1 ,nbs d nunc gaudium4 ,in1 aditrx es hominum1 ,in1 summa caelitum1 ,nbis ss auxilium4 ,illustration3 ,,roman ,,marriage ,,costumes ,,and ,,suggestions ,the bride wears a white dress trimmed with purple fringe1 a girdle of crimson wool1 and a long yellow veil4 ,she has on many bright-colored ribbons1 many bracelets and rings1 and high yellow shoes with buckles4 ,her hair is arranged in six locks parted by the point of a spear and held in place by vittae or bands4 ,the ,pontifex should have a band of purple three inches wide around the bottom of his toga4 ,the boys should wear straight robes reaching to the knee and gathered at the shoulders4 ,the garb of the statue 8,diana of the ,hind0 is a good illustration4 ,the slaves wear bright-colored tunics reaching to the knees4 ,valuable suggestions may be found in ,johnston's 8,private ,life of the ,romans10 8,harper's ,dictionary of ,classical ,antiquities10 and ,harper's ,magazine1 ,vol4 #df4 ,the individual parts should be thoroughly learned and practiced before a full rehearsal is attempted4 ,especial emphasis should be placed upon the necessity of reciting the parts slowly and distinctly4 ,the signing of the tabulae nuptiales was a part of the nuptiae1 but it has been introduced during the sponsalia to give better balance to the play4 ,wherever permissible1 very simple ,latin has been used in order to render the task of memorizing as easy as possible4 ,,scene ,i ,,sponsalia--,,betrothal ,cicero's house4 ,terentia complains that ,cicero neglects her and that he devotes too much time to the prosecution of ,catiline and to study4 ,the school report 7renuntiatio7 of her son1 the young ,cicero1 also causes her anxiety4 ,marcus junior adds to her anxiety by affirming that he wishes to become an orator like his father4 ,he promises1 however1 that he will study his geometry more diligently and thereby gain the reward offered by ,cicero4 ,lucius ,piso calls at ,cicero's home to ask the hand of ,tullia for his son ,gaius ,piso4 ,terentia is pleased with the prospect of marrying her daughter so well4 ,tullia herself and ,cicero prefer to wait until ,tullia is older4 ,tullia says she can sympathize with ,servilia and others who have no girlhood on account of marrying so young2 but finally she yields to her mother's wish and consents to become betrothed to ,gaius4 ,the witnesses arrive and the betrothal 7sponsalia7 takes place4 ,the marriage contract 7tabulae nuptiales7 is signed1 showing the amount of dowry4 ,refreshments are partaken of1 following a libation in honor of the gods4 ,congratulations are offered and the wedding hymn is sung4 ,,scene ,,ii ,,nuptiae--,,wedding ,,ceremony ,the auspices are taken and pronounced favorable4 ,the groom and bride assume the names of ,gaius and ,gaia1 respectively4 ,these particular names were chosen1 according to some1 out of respect to the noted spinner ,gaius and his royal wife1 who were held by the ,romans as a pattern of conjugal fidelity and skilled industry2 according to others1 because of the derivation from gaudere4 ,tullia with the words 8,ubi tu ,gaius1 ego ,gaia0 7where you are ,gaius1 ,i am ,gaia7 signifies her willingness to enter the gens of her husband4 ,the eating of the cake presented by the ,pontifex 7confarreatio7 is the most important part of the ceremony1 suggesting the sacramental view of marriage4 ,the skin upon which the bride and groom are seated is supposed to be that of the sheep sacrificed before the ceremony begins4 ,prayer is offered to ,jupiter by the ,pontifex1 and to ,juno by the ,flamen ,dialis1 after which congratulations are offered4 ,,scene ,,iii ,,deductio--,,procession ,,to ,,the ,,groom',s ,,house ,the bride is taken1 to all appearances1 by force from her mother's embrace1--a survival of the marriage by capture1 or1 as the ,romans themselves put it1 a reminiscence of the ,sabine marriage4 ,the mustaceum1 or wedding cake1 is eaten1 and the procession begins1 all singing the wedding hymn4 ,the groom throws nuts to the boys in the street as a sign that he will now put away childish things4 ,arriving at the groom's house1 the bride anoints the doorposts with oil to signify health and plenty1 and then offers a prayer for future happiness4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,errata ,variation between 80 and 8ae0 is unchanged1 including the spelling of 8,drmatis ,persn0 or 8-ae04 ,note that the name is consistently 8,csar0 in ,english1 8,caesar0 in ,latin4 444 the writer's aim will be _/ accomplished lack of closing punctuation may be intentional ,gn4 ,pom4 ,ianns1 ,ianns1 tbcine ntus ,ianns1 ,ioanns ,portae nn gehennae non ,when nox gives way to lx of morning lux ,lege1 ,philotme1 omnia fragmenta4 frgmenta ,t nn pigbit coniugem non