,transcrib]'s ,note3     ,e ef=t has   
be5 made to replicate ?is text z        
fai?fully z     possible1 includ+       
inconsi/5cies 9 spell+ & hyph5ation2    
*anges 7corrections ( spell+ &          
punctuation7 made to !     orig9al text 
are li/$ at ! end ( ?is file4           
,sket*                                  
(                         ,a ,new       
,e/hetic ( ,music                       
by                                      
,,f]ruccio ,,busoni                     
,translat$ f ! ,g]man by                
,dr4 ,,?4 ,,bak]                        
,,new ,,york3 ,g4 ,,s*irm]              
#aiaa                                   
,copyright1 #aijg                       
,by ,,f]ruccio ,,busoni                 
,copyright1 #aiaa                       
,by ,g4 ,,s*irm]                        
#bbcge     ,,sket* ,,( ,a ,,new         
,,e/hetic ,,( ,,music      ,:at seek y8 
,say6 ,& :at d y expect8--     ,i "k n  
:at2 ! ,unkn[n ,i w\ld h6      ,:at's   
kn[n to me1 is endless2 ,i w\ld g       

,beyond ! end3 ,! la/ ^w /ill is want+4 
,d] m*tige ,zaub]]4   ,,loosely jo9$    
toge!r z reg>ds lit]>y =m1 ! foll[+     
notes are1 9 reality1 ! outcome (       
convictions long held & sl[ly matur$4   
,9 !m a problem ( ! fir/ magnitude is   
=mulat$ ) app>5t simplicity1 )\t giv+ ! 
key to its f9al solution2 = ! problem _c
 be solv$ = g5]ations--if at all4  ,b x 
involves an innum]able s]ies ( less]    
problems1 :i* ,i pres5t to !            
consid]ation ( ^? :om !y may conc]n4 ,= 
x is a long "t s9ce any "o has devot$   
himself to e>ne/ musical rese>*4  ,x is 
true1 t admirable works ( g5ius arise 9 
e p]iod1 & ,i h always tak5 my /& 9 !   
front rank ( ^? :o joyfully acclaim$ !  
pass+ /&>d-be>]s2 & /ill x seems to me t
 ( all ^! beautiful pa?s lead+ s f>     
afield--none lead upw>d4  ,! _s ( an    
art-"w1 ! measure ( emotion1 ( humanity1
 t is 9 x--^! rema9 un*ang$ 9 value     
?r\gh *ang+ ye>s2 ! =m :i* ^! ?ree      
assum$1 ! mann] ( _! expression1 & !    
flavor ( ! epo* :i* gave !m bir?1 are   

transi5t1 & age rapidly4  ,_s & emotion 
reta9 _! ess5ce1 9 ! art-"w z 9 man     
himself2 we admire te*nical a*ievem5ts1 
yet !y are out/ripp$1 or cloy ! ta/e &  
are disc>d$4  ,its ephem]al qualities   
give a "w ! /amp ( mod]nity2 its        
un*angeable ess5ce h9d]s x f becom+     
obsolete4 ,among bo? mod]n & old works  
we f9d good & bad1 g5u9e & spuri\s4 ,!re
 is no?+ prop]ly mod]n--only ?+s :i* h  
come into be+ e>li] or lat]2 long] 9    
bloom1 or soon] )]$4 ,! ,mod]n & ! ,old 
h always be54  ,art-=ms are ! m la/+1 ! 
m closely !y adh]e to ! nature ( _!     
individual species ( art1 ! pur] !y keep
 _! ess5tial means & ends4  ,sculpture  
rel9qui%es ! expression ( ! human pupil1
 & effects ( color2 pa9t+ deg5]ates1 :5 
x =sakes ! flat surface 9 depiction &   
takes on complexity 9 !atrical          
decoration or panoramic portrayal4      
,ar*itecture has its fundam5tal =m1 gr[?
 f bel[ upw>d1 prescrib$ by /atic       
necessity2 w9d[ & ro( necess>ily provide
 ! int]m$iate & f9i%+ configuration2 ^! 

are et]nal & inviolable requirem5ts ( ! 
art4  ,poetry comm&s ! ab/ract ?\ght1   
:i* x clo!s 9 words4 ,m indep5d5t ?an ! 
o!rs1 x rea*es ! fur!/ b\nds4  ,b all   
arts1 res\rces & =ms ev] aim at ! "o    
end1 namely1 ! imitation ( nature & !   
int]pretation ( human feel+s4           
99       99       99  ,ar*itecture1     
sculpture1 poetry & pa9t+ are old &     
mature arts2 _! conceptions are e/abli%$
 & _! objects assur$2 !y h f\nd ! way   
?r\gh unc\nt$ c5turies1 &1 l ! planets1 
describe _! regul> orbits4,a    ,a ,none
 ! less1 9 ^! arts1 ta/e & individuality
 c & w   unceas+ly f9d refre%m5t &      
rejuv5ation4  ,music1 comp>$ ) !m1 is a 
*ild t has le>n$ to walk1 b mu/ /ill be 
l$4 ,x is a virg9 art1 )\t exp]i5ce 9   
life & suff]+4  ,x is all unconsci\s z  
yet ( :at g>b is becom+1 ( its own      
advantages1 its unawak5$ capacities4 ,& 
aga91 x is a *ild-m>vel t is already    
able to disp5se mu* ( beauty1 t has     
already br\ght joy to _m1 & ^: gifts are
 commonly held to h atta9$ full         

maturity4                             99
       99       99  ,music z an art1 our
 s-call$ occid5tal music1 is h>dly f\r  
hundr$ ye>s old2 its /ate is "o (       
developm5t1 p]haps ! v fir/ /age ( a    
developm5t beyond pres5t conception1 &  
we--we talk ( classics & hall[$         
traditions6 ,& we h talk$ ( !m = a long 
"t6,b    ,b ,tradition is a pla/] mask  
tak5 f life1 :i*1 9 ! c\rse   ( _m ye>s1
 & aft] pass+ ?r\gh ! h&s ( innum]able  
artisans1 leaves its resemblance to !   
orig9al l>gely a matt] (   imag9ation4  
,we h =mulat$ rules1 /at$ pr9ciples1    
laid d[n laws2--we apply laws made =    
maturity to a *ild t kn[s no?+ (        
responsibility6                         
99       99       99  ,"y z x is1 ?is   
*ild1 we already recognize t x possesses
 "o radiant attribute :i* signalizes x  
beyond all its eld] si/]s4 ,& ! lawgiv]s
 w n see ?is m>vel\s attribute1 le/ _!  
laws %\ld be ?r[n to ! w9ds4 ,?is       
*ild--x floats on air6 ,x t\*es n ! e>? 
) its feet4 ,x kn[s no law (            

gravitation4 ,x is wellnigh incorporeal4
 ,its mat]ial is transp>5t4 ,x is       
sonor\s air4 ,x is almo/ ,nature h]self4
 ,x is--free4                           
99       99       99  ,b fre$om is      
some?+ t mank9d h nev] :olly compreh5d$1
 nev] realiz$ to ! full4 ,!y c nei!r    
recognize nor ackn[l$ge x4  ,!y disav[ !
 mission ( ?is *ild2 !y hang weights ^u 
x4 ,?is buoyant creature mu/ walk       
dec5tly1 l anybody else4 ,x may sc>cely 
be all[$ to leap--:5 x 7 its joy to     
foll[ ! l9e ( ! ra9b[1 & to break       
sunbeams ) ! cl\ds4                     
99       99       99  ,music 0 born     
free2 & to w9 fre$om is its de/9y4 ,x w 
become ! mo/ complete ( all reflexes (  
,nature by reason ( its untrammel$      
immat]iality4 ,ev5 ! poetic ^w ranks l[]
 9 po9t ( incorporealness4 ,x c ga!r    
toge!r & disp]se1 c be motionless repose
 or wilde/ tempe/uosity2 x has !        
extreme/ heights p]ceptible to man--:at 
o!r art has ^!8--& its emotion seizes ! 
human he>t ) t int5sity :i* is indep5d5t

 ( ! idea4  ,x realizes a temp]am5t1 )\t
 describ+ x1 ) ! mobility ( ! s\l1 ) !  
swiftness ( consecutive mom5ts2 & ?is1  
:]e pa9t] or sculptor c repres5t only "o
 side or "o mom5t1 & ! poet t>dily      
communicates a temp]am5t & its          
manife/ations by words4  ,!re=e1        
repres5tation & description are n !     
nature ( music2 h]e) we decl>e !        
invalidity ( program-music1 & arrive at 
! "q3 ,:at are ! aims ( music8          
99       99       99  ,,absolute ,music6
 ,:at ! lawgiv]s mean by ?is1 is p]haps 
remote/ ( all f ! ,absolute 9 music4    
,absolute music is a =m-play )\t poetic 
program1 9 :i* ! =m is int5d$ to h !    
lead+ "p4 ,b ,=m1 9 itself1 is !        
opposite pole ( absolute music1 on :i* 0
 be/[$ ! div9e pr]ogative ( buoyancy1 ( 
fre$om f ! limitations ( matt]4 ,9 a    
picture1 ! illu/ration ( a sunset ends )
 ! frame2 ! limitless natural ph5om5on  
is enclos$ 9 quadrilat]al b\nds2 !      
cl\d-=m *os5 = depiction rema9s un*ang+ 
= ev]4 ,music c gr[ bright] or d>k]1    

%ift hi!r or yon1 & f9ally fade away l !
 sunset gl[ itself2 & in/9ct leads !    
creative musician to employ ! tones t   
press ! same key )9 ! human brea/1 &    
awak5 ! same response1 z ! processes 9  
,nature4  ,p] contra1 absolute music is 
some?+ v sob]1 :i* rem9ds "o (          
music-desks 9 ord]ly r[s1 ( ! relation (
 ,tonic to ,dom9ant1 ( ,developm5ts &   
,codas4  ,me?9ks ,i he> ! second viol9  
/ruggl+1 a f\r? bel[1 to emulate ! m    
dext]\s fir/1 & cont5d+ 9 ne$less conte/
 m]ely to arrive at ! />t+-po9t4 ,?is   
sort ( music ought r to be call$ !      
ar*itectonic1 or symmetric1 or          
sectional1 & d]ives f ! circum/ance t   
c]ta9 compos]s p\r$ _! _s & _! emotion  
into j ?is m\ld z ly+ ne>e/ !m or _! "t4
 ,our lawgiv]s h id5tifi$ ! _s &        
emotion1 ! individuality ( ^! compos]s &
 _! "t1 ) symmetric music1 & f9ally1 be+
 p[]less to recreate ei!r ! _s1 or !    
emotion1 or ! "t1 h reta9$ ! ,=m z a    
symbol1 & made x into a feti%1 a        
religion4 ,! compos]s s\ght & f\nd ?is  

=m z ! apte/ vehicle = communicat+ _!   
ideas2 _! s\ls took flight--& ! lawgiv]s
 discov] & *]i% ! g>m5ts ,euphorion left
 beh9d on e>?4      ,a lucky f9d6 ',twas
 n[ or nev]2     ,! flame is gone1 x's  
true--h[ev]1       ,no ne$ to pity      
mank9d n[4     ,en\gh is left = _m a    
poet's tir+1       ,or to bre$ envy high
 & l[2     ,& ?\gh ,i h no tal5ts "h =  
hir+1       ,i'll hire ! robe out1      
anyh[4  ,is x n s+ul>1 to dem& ( a      
compos] orig9ality 9 all ?+s1 & to =bid 
x z reg>ds =m8 ,no wond] t1 once he     
becomes orig9al1 he is accus$ (         
=mlessness4 ,moz>t6 ! seek] & ! f9d]1 ! 
great man ) ! *ildlike he>t--x is he we 
m>vel at1 to :om we are devot$2 b n 8   
,tonic & ,dom9ant1 8 ,developm5ts &     
,codas4                             99  
99       99  ,su* lu/ ( lib]ation fill$ 
,bee?ov51 ! romantic revolution>y1 t he 
asc5d$ "o %ort /ep on ! way lead+ music 
back to its l(ti] self3--a %ort /ep 9 ! 
great task1 a wide /ep 9 8 own pa?4 ,he 
did n q rea* absolute music1 b 9 c]ta9  

mom5ts he div9$ x1 z 9 ! introduction to
 ! fugue ( ! ,sonata = ,hamm]clavi]4    
,inde$1 all compos]s h drawn ne>e/ !    
true nature ( music 9 prep>atory &      
int]m$i>y passages 7preludes &          
transitions71 :]e !y felt at lib]ty to  
disreg>d symmetrical proportions1 &     
unconsci\sly drew free brea?4 ,ev5 a    
,s*umann 7( s mu* l[] /ature7 is seiz$1 
9 su* passages1 by "s feel+ ( !         
b\ndlessness ( ?is pan-art 7recall !    
transition to ! la/ movem5t ( ! ,d-m9or 
,symphony72 & ! same may be ass]t$ (    
,brahms 9 ! introduction to ! ,f9ale ( 8
 ,fir/ ,symphony4  ,b1 ! mom5t !y cross 
! ?re%old ( ! ,pr9cipal ,subject1 _!    
attitude becomes /iff & conv5tional1 l t
 ( a man ent]+ "s bureau ( high         
(ficialdom4                             
99       99       99  ,next to ,bee?ov51
 ,ba* be>s close/ aff9ity to inf9ite    
music4,c ,8 ,organ ,fantasias 7b n !    
,fugues7 h indubitably a /rong da% ( :at
 might be ov]writt5 ,man & ,nature4,d ,9
 him x appe>s mo/ +5u\s because he _h no

 rev]5ce = 8 pr$ecessors 7al?\gh he     
e/eem$ & made use ( !m71 & because !    
/ill novel acquisition ( equal temp]am5t
 op5$ a vi/a (--= ! "t be+--endless new 
possibilities4    ,c ,die ,ur-,musik1 is
 ! au?or's happy phrase4 ,b z ?is music 
nev] has be51 our ,engli% t]ms l        
primitive1 orig9al1   etc41 w\ld involve
 a non sequitur :i* is avoid$1 at lea/1 
by   inf9ite4 ,translator's ,note4    ,d
 ,9 ! recitatives ( 8 ,passions we he>  
human spee*2 n   correct declamation4   
,!re=e1 ,ba* & ,bee?ov5,e are to be     
conceiv$ z a beg9n+1 & n z unsurpassable
 f9alities4 ,9 _s & emotion !y w        
probably rema9 unexcell$2 & ?is1 aga91  
confirms ! rem>k at ! beg9n+ ( ^! l9es3 
,t _s & emotion rema9 un*ang$ 9 value   
?r\gh *ang+ ye>s1 & t he :o m\nts to _! 
utt]mo/ heights w always t[] above !    
cr[d4    ,e ,z *>act]i/ic traits (      
,bee?ov5's individuality ,i w\ld        
m5tion ! poetic fire1 ! /rong human     
feel+ 7:5ce spr+s 8   revolution>y      
temp]71 & a port5t ( mod]n n]v\sness4   

,^!   traits are c]ta9ly oppos$ to ^? ( 
a classic4 ,moreov]1   ,bee?ov5 is no   
ma/]1 z ! t]m applies to ,moz>t or !    
lat]   ,wagn]1 j because 8 art =e%ad[s a
 great]1 z yet incomplete4   7,comp>e ! 
section next-foll[+47                   
99       99       99  ,:at /ill rema9s  
to be surpass$1 is _! =m ( expression & 
_! fre$om4 ,wagn]1 a ,g]manic ,titan1 :o
 t\*$ our e>?ly horizon 9 or*e/ral      
tone-effect1 :o int5sifi$ ! =m (        
expression1 b fa%ion$ x into a sy/em    
7music-drama1 declamation1              
lead+-motive71 is on ?is acc\nt         
incapable ( fur!r int5sification4 ,8    
category beg9s & ends ) himself2 fir/1  
because he c>ri$ x to ! highe/ p]fection
 & f9i%2 secondly1 because 8 self-impos$
 task 0 ( su* a nature1 t x c\ld be     
a*iev$ by "o man alone4,f ,! pa?s op5$  
by ,bee?ov5 c be foll[$ to _! end only  
?r\gh g5]ations4 ,!y--l all ?+s 9       
creation--may =m only a circle2 b a     
circle ( su* dim5sions1 t ! portion     
visible to u seems l a /raight l9e4     

,wagn]'s circle we c view 9 its         
entirety--a circle )9 ! great circle4   
,f ,toge!r ) ! problem1 x gives u !     
solution1 z ,i once   said ( ,moz>t4    
99       99       99  ,,! "n ( ,wagn]   
leads to program-music4 ,?is has be5 set
 up z a contra/ to s-call$ absolute     
music1 & ^! concepts h become s petrifi$
 t ev5 p]sons ( intellig5ce hold "o or !
 o!r dogma1 )\t recognition = a ?ird    
possibility beyond & above ! o!r two4 ,9
 reality1 program-music is precisely z  
"o-sid$ & limit$ z t :i* is call$       
absolute4 ,9 place ( ar*itectonic &     
symmetric =mulas1 in/ead ( ! relation ( 
,tonic to ,dom9ant1 x has b\nd itself 9 
! /ays ( a connect+ poetic--sometimes   
ev5 philosophic--program4               
99       99       99  ,e motive--s x    
seems to me--conta9s1 l a se$1 its      
life-g]m )9 itself4 ,f ! diff]5t        
plant-se$s gr[ diff]5t families (       
plants1 dissimil> 9 =m1 foliage1        
blossom1 fruit1 gr[? & color4,g    ,g   
444 ,bee?ov51 dont les esquisses        

?matiques ou lm5taires   sont           
innombrables1 mais qui1 sitt les ?mes   
tr\vs1 semble p> cela   mme en avoir    
tabli t\t le dveloppem5t 444 ,v9c5t     
d',indy1 9   ,cs> ,franck4  ,ev5 ea*    
individual plant belong+ to "o & ! same 
species assumes1 9 size1 =m & /r5g?1 a  
gr[? peculi> to itself4 ,& s1 9 ea*     
motive1 !re lies ! embryo ( its fully   
develop$ =m2 ea* "o mu/ unfold itself   
diff]5tly1 yet ea* ob$i5tly foll[s ! law
 ( et]nal h>mony4 ,?is =m is imp]i%able1
 ?\gh ea* be unlike e o!r4              
99       99       99  ,! motive 9 a     
composition ) program be>s )9 itself !  
same natural necessity2 b x mu/1 ev5 9  
its e>lie/ phase ( developm5t1 r5\nce   
its own prop] mode ( gr[? to m\ld--or1  
r1 twi/--itself to fit ! ne$s ( !       
program4 ,?us turn$ aside1 at ! outset1 
f ! pa? trac$ by nature1 x f9ally       
arrives at a :olly unexpect$ climax1    
:i!r x has be5 l$1 n by its own         
organization1 b by ! way laid d[n 9 !   
program1 or ! action1 or ! philosophical

 idea4  ,& h[ primitive mu/ ?is art     
rema96 ,true1 !re are unequivocal       
descriptive effects ( tone-pa9t+ 7f ^! !
 entire pr9ciple took its rise71 b ^!   
means ( expression are few & trivial1   
cov]+ b a v small section ( musical art4
 ,beg9 ) ! mo/ self-evid5t ( all1 !     
debasem5t ( ,tone to ,noise 9 imitat+ ! 
s\nds ( ,nature--! roll+ ( ?und]1 ! ro> 
( =e/s1 ! cries ( animals2 !n ^? some:at
 less evid5t1 symbolic--imitations (    
visual impressions1 l ! lightn+-fla%1   
spr++ movem5t1 ! flight ( birds2 aga91  
^? intelligible only ?r\gh ! m$iation ( 
! reflective bra91 su* z ! trumpet-call 
z a w>like symbol1 ! %awm to betok5     
ruralism1 m>*-rhy?m to signify measur$  
/rides1 ! *orale z vehicle = religi\s   
feel+4 ,add to ! above ! *>act]ization (
 nationalities--national in/rum5ts &    
airs--& we h a complete inv5tory ( !    
ars5al ( program-music4 ,movem5t &      
repose1 m9or & major1 high & l[1 9 _!   
cu/om>y significance1 r\nd out !        
li/4--,^! are auxili>ies1 ( :i* good use

 c be made ^u a broad canvas1 b :i*1    
tak5 by !mselves1 are no m to be call$  
music ?an wax figures may pass =        
monum5ts4                             99
       99       99  ,&1 aft] all1 :at c 
! pres5tation ( a little happ5+ ^u ?is  
e>?1 ! report conc]n+ an annoy+         
neighbor--no matt] :e!r 9 ! next room or
 9 an adjo9+ qu>t] ( ! globe--h 9 common
 ) t music :i* p]vades ! univ]se8  ,to  
music1 inde$1 x is giv5 to set 9        
vibration our human moods3 ,dread       
7,leporello71 oppression ( s\l1         
invigoration1 lassitude 7,bee?ov5's la/ 
,qu>tets71 decision 7,wotan71           
hesitation1 despond5cy1 enc\ragem5t1    
h>%ness1 t5d]ness1 excitem5t1           
tranquillization1 ! feel+ ( surprise or 
expectancy1 & /ill o!rs2 likewise ! inn]
 e*o ( ext]nal occurr5ces :i* is b\nd up
 9 ^! moods ( ! s\l4 ,b n ! mov+ cause  
itself ( ^! spiritual affections2--n !  
joy ov] an avoid$ dang]1 n ! dang]      
itself1 or ! k9d ( dang] :i* caus$ !    
dread2 an emotional /ate1 yes1 b n !    

psy*ic species ( ?is emotion1 su* z     
envy1 or jeal\sy2 & x is equally futile 
to attempt ! expression1 ?r\gh music1 ( 
moral *>act]i/ics 7vanity1 clev]ness71  
or ab/ract ideas l tru? & ju/ice4 ,is x 
possible to imag9e h[ a poor1 b cont5t$ 
man c\ld be repres5t$ by music8 ,!      
cont5tm5t1 ! s\l-/ate1 c be int]pret$ by
 music2 b :]e does ! pov]ty appe>1 or ! 
important e?ic problem /at$ 9 ! words   
poor1 b cont5t$8 ,?is is due to ! fact t
 poor connotes a phase ( t]re/rial &    
social conditions n to be f\nd 9 !      
et]nal h>mony4 ,& ,music is a "p ( !    
vibrat+ univ]se4                        
99       99       99  ,i may be all[$ to
 subjo9 a few subsidi>y reflections3--,!
 great] "p ( mod]n !atre music suff]s f 
! mi/ake ( seek+ to repeat ! sc5es pass+
 on ! /age1 in/ead ( fulfill+ its own   
prop] mission ( int]pret+ ! s\l-/ates ( 
! p]sons repres5t$4 ,:5 ! sc5e pres5ts !
 illusion ( a ?und]/orm1 ?is is         
exhau/ively appreh5d$ by ! eye4         
,nev]!less1 ne>ly all compos]s /rive to 

depict ! /orm 9 tones--:i* is n only a  
ne$less & feebl] repetition1 b likewise 
a failure to p]=m _! true function4 ,!  
p]son on ! /age is ei!r psy*ically      
influ5c$ by ! ?und]/orm1 or 8 mood1 be+ 
absorb$ 9 a tra9 ( ?\ght ( /rong]       
influ5ce1 rema9s unaffect$4 ,! /orm is  
visible & audible )\t aid f music2 x is 
! invisible & inaudible1 ! spiritual    
processes ( ! p]sonages portray$1 :i*   
music %\ld r5d] intelligible4           
99       99       99  ,aga91 !re are    
obvi\s psy*ic conditions on ! /age1 :]e(
 music ne$ take no acc\nt4 ,suppose a   
!atrical situation 9 :i* a convivial    
company is pass+ at night & disappe>s f 
view1 :ile 9 ! =egr\nd a sil5t1 env5om$ 
duel is 9 progress4 ,"h ! music1 by     
means ( cont9u+ song1 %\ld keep 9 m9d ! 
jovial company n[ lo/ to sight2 ! acts &
 feel+s ( ! pair 9 ! =egr\nd may be     
und]/ood )\t fur!r comm5t>y1 & !        
music--dramatically speak+--ought n to  
p>ticipate 9 _! action & break ! tragic 
sil5ce4  ,measurably ju/ifi$1 9 my      

op9ion1 is ! plan ( ! old op]a1 :i*     
conc5trat$ & musically r\nd$ out !      
passions ar\s$ by a mov+ dramatic sc5e 9
 a piece ( set =m 7! aria74 ,^w &       
/age-play convey$ ! dramatic progress ( 
! action1 foll[$ m or less meagrely by  
musical recitative2 arriv$ at ! po9t (  
re/1 music resum$ ! re9s4 ,?is is less  
extr9sic ?an "s w\ld n[ h u believe4 ,on
 ! o!r h&1 x 0 ! ossifi$ =m ( ! aria    
itself :i* l$ to inv]acity ( expression 
& decad5ce4                             
99       99       99  ,,! audible       
pres5tation1 ! p]=mance1 ( music1 its   
emotional int]pretation1 d]ives f ^?    
free heights :5ce desc5d$ ! ,art itself4
 ,:]e ! art is ?reat5$ by e>?l9ess1 x is
 ! "p ( int]pretation to raise x & rend[
 x ) its primordial ess5ce4  ,notation1 
! writ+ out ( compositions1 is prim>ily 
an +5i\s exp$i5t = cat*+ an inspiration1
 ) ! purpose ( exploit+ x lat]4 ,b      
notation is to improvisation z !        
portrait to ! liv+ model4 ,x is = !     
int]pret] to resolve ! rigidity ( !     

signs into ! primitive emotion4  ,b !   
lawgiv]s require ! int]pret] to         
reproduce ! rigidity ( ! signs2 !y      
consid] 8 reproduction ! ne>] to        
p]fection1 ! m closely x cl+s to !      
signs4--  ,:at ! compos]'s inspiration  
necess>ily loses,h ?r\gh notation1 8    
int]pret] %\ld re/ore by 8 own4    ,h   
,h[ /rongly notation influ5ces /yle 9   
music1 & fett]s   imag9ation1 h[ =m grew
 up out ( x & f =m arose                
conv5tionalism 9 expression1 is %[n v   
conv9c+ly &   av5ges itself 9 tragic    
wise 9 ,e4 ,t4 ,a4 ,h(fmann1 :o occurs  
to me   "h z a typical example4    ,?is 
rem>kable man's m5tal conceptions1 lo/ 9
 vision>y moods   & revell+ 9           
transc5d5talism1 z 8 writ+s set =? 9 (t 
inimitable fa%ion1 mu/ naturally--s "o  
w\ld inf]--h f\nd 9   ! dreamlike &     
transc5d5tal art ( tones a language &   
mode (   expression peculi>ly cong5ial4 
,! veil ( my/icism1 ! secret h>monies ( 
,nature1 ! ?rill (   ! sup]natural1 !   
twilight vagu5ess ( ! bord]l& ( dreams1 

ev]y?+1 9 fact1 :i* he s effectively    
limn$ ) ! precision   ( words--all ?is1 
"o w\ld suppose1 he c\ld h int]pret$ to 
fulle/ effect by ! aid ( music4 ,& yet1 
comp>+ ,h(fmann's be/   musical "w ) !  
weake/ ( 8 lit]>y productions1 y w      
discov] to y\r sorr[ h[ a conv5tional   
sy/em ( measures1 p]iods   & keys--:]eto
 ! hackney$ op]a-/yle ( ! "t adds its   
%>e--c\ld turn a poet into a ,phili/9e4 
,b t 8 fancy   *]i%$ ano!r ideal (      
music1 we le>n f _m1 & frequ5tly        
admirable1 obs]vations ( ,h(fmann !     
littrateur4  ,to ! lawgiv]s1 ! signs    
!mselves are ! mo/ important matt]1 &   
are cont9ually gr[+ 9 _! e/imation2 !   
new art ( music is d]iv$ f ! old        
signs--& ^! n[ /& = musical art itself4 
,if ! lawgiv]s _h _! way1 any giv5      
composition w\ld always be reproduc$ 9  
precisely ! same tempo1 :5soev]1 by     
:omsoev]1 & "u :atsoev] conditions x    
might be p]=m$4  ,b1 x is n possible2 ! 
buoyant1 expansive nature ( ! div9e *ild
 rebels--x dem&s ! opposite4 ,ea* day   

beg9s diff]5tly f ! prec$+1 yet always )
 ! flu% ( dawn4--,great arti/s play _!  
own works diff]5tly at ea* repetition1  
remodel !m on ! spur ( ! mom5t1         
accel]ate & ret>d1 9 a way :i* !y c\ld n
 indicate by signs--& always accord+ to 
! giv5 conditions ( t et]nal h>mony4  ,&
 !n ! lawgiv] *afes1 & ref]s ! creator  
to 8 own h&writ+4 ,z matt]s /& to-day1 !
 lawgiv] has ! be/ ( ! argum5t4         
99       99       99  ,notation 7writ+  
d[n7 br+s up ! subject ( ,transcription1
 n[adays a t]m mu* misund]/ood1 almo/   
discr$itable4 ,! frequ5t antagonism :i* 
,i h excit$ ) transcriptions1 & !       
opposition to :i* an (ttimes irrational 
criticism has provok$ me1 caus$ me to   
seek a cle> und]/&+ ( ?is po9t4 ,my f9al
 conclusion conc]n+ x is ?is3 ,e        
notation is1 9 itself1 ! transcription (
 an ab/ract idea4 ,! in/ant ! p5 seizes 
x1 ! idea loses its orig9al =m4 ,! v    
int5tion to write d[n ! idea1 compels a 
*oice ( measure & key4 ,! =m1 & !       
musical ag5cy1 :i* ! compos] mu/ decide 

^u1 /ill m closely def9e ! way & !      
limits4  ,x is mu* ! same z ) man       
himself4 ,born nak$1 & z yet )\t def9ite
 aspirations1 he decides1 or at a giv5  
mom5t is made to decide1 ^u a c>e]4 ,f !
 mom5t ( decision1 al?\gh mu* t is      
orig9al & imp]i%able 9 ! idea or ! man  
may live on1 ei!r is depress$ to ! type 
( a class4 ,! musical idea becomes a    
sonata or a conc]to2 ! man1 a soldi] or 
a prie/4 ,t is an ,arrangem5t ( !       
orig9al4 ,f ?is fir/ transcription to a 
second ! /ep is comp>atively %ort &     
unimportant4 ,& yet x is only ! second1 
9 g5]al1 ( :i* any notice is tak52      
ov]look+ ! fact1 t a transcription does 
n de/roy ! ar*etype1 :i* is1 !re=e1 n   
lo/ ?r\gh transcription4  ,aga91 !      
p]=mance ( a "w is also a transcription1
 & /ill1 :atev] lib]ties x may take1 x c
 nev] annihilate ! orig9al4  ,= !       
musical art-"w exi/s1 be=e its tones    
res\nd & aft] !y die away1 complete &   
intact4 ,x exi/s bo? )9 & outside ( "t1 
& ?r\gh its nature we c obta9 a def9ite 

conception ( ! o!rwise intangible notion
 ( ! ,ideality ( ,"t4  ,= ! re/1 mo/ (  
,bee?ov5's piano compositions s\nd l    
transcriptions ( or*e/ral works2 mo/ (  
,s*umann's or*e/ral compositions1 l     
arrangem5ts f pieces = ! piano--& !y are
 s1 9 a way4                            
99       99       99  ,/rangely en\gh1 !
 ,v>iation-,=m is highly e/eem$ by !    
,wor%ipp]s ( ! ,lett]4 ,t is s+ul>2 = ! 
v>iation-=m--:5 built up on a borr[$    
!me--produces a :ole s]ies ( arrangem5ts
 :i*1 besides1 are lea/ respectful :5   
mo/ +5i\s4  ,s ! arrangem5t is n good1  
because x v>ies ! orig9al2 & ! v>iation 
is good1 al?\gh x arranges ! orig9al4   
99       99       99  ,,! t]m musikalis*
 7musical7 is us$ by ! ,g]mans 9 a s5se 
=eign to t 9 :i* any o!r language       
employs x4,i ,x is a conception belong+ 
to ! ,g]mans1 & n to culture 9 g5]al2 ! 
expression is incorrect &               
untranslatable4 ,musical is d]iv$ f     
music1 l poetical f poetry1 or physical 
f physic7s74 ,:5 ,i say1 ,s*ub]t 0 "o ( 

! mo/ musical among m51 x is ! same z if
 ,i %\ld say1 ,helmholtz 0 "o ( ! mo/   
physical among m54 ,t is musical1 :i*   
s\nds 9 rhy?ms & int]vals4 ,a cupbo>d c 
be musical1 if music-works be enclos$ 9 
x4,j ,9 a comp>ative s5se1 musical may h
 ! fur!r signification ( euphoni\s4--,my
 v]ses are too musical to be> sett+ to  
music1 a not$ poet once rem>k$ to me4   
,i ,! au?or probably _h 9 m9d !         
languages ( s\!rn ,europe2   ! ^w is    
employ$ 9 ,engli%1 & 9 ! tongues ( !    
,sc&9avian gr\p1 ) precisely ! same     
mean+ z 9 ,g]man4   ,translator's ,note4
    ,j ,! only k9d ( p "o might prop]ly 
call musical1 are !   s+]s2 = !y        
!mselves c s\nd4 ,simil>ly1 a cl[n :o by
 "s   trick produces tones :5 he is     
t\*$1 might be call$ a   pseudo-musical 
p]son4      ,spirits mov+ musically     
,to a lute's well-tun$ law1  writes     
,edg> ,allan ,poe4 ,la/ly1 "o may speak 
q correctly ( musical laught]1 because x
 s\nds l music4  ,tak+ ! signification 9
 :i* ! t]m is appli$ & almo/ exclusively

 employ$ 9 ,g]man1 a musical p]son is "o
 :o manife/s an incl9ation = music by a 
nice discrim9ation & s5sitiv5ess ) reg>d
 to ! te*nical aspects ( ! art4 ,by     
te*nics ,i mean rhy?m1 h>mony1          
intonation1 "p-lead+1 & ! treatm5t (    
!mes4 ,! m subtleties he is capable (   
he>+ or reproduc+ 9 ^!1 ! m musical he  
is held to be4  ,9 view ( ! great       
importance atta*$ to ^! elem5ts ( ! art1
 ?is musical temp]am5t has naturally    
become ( ! highe/ consequ5ce4 ,& s an   
arti/ :o plays ) p]fect te*nical f9i%   
%\ld be deem$ ! mo/ musical play]4 ,b z 
we mean by te*nics only ! me*anical     
ma/]y ( ! in/rum5t1 ! t]ms te*nical &   
musical h be5 turn$ into opposites4  ,! 
matt] has be5 c>ri$ s f> z to call a    
composition itself musical1,k or ev5 to 
ass]t ( a great compos] l ,b]lioz t he 0
 n suffici5tly musical4,l ,unmusical    
conveys ! /ronge/ reproa*2 br&$ ?us1 its
 object becomes an outlaw4,m    ,k ,b ^!
 pieces are s musical1 a viol9i/ once   
rem>k$ to me   ( a f\r-h& worklet :i* ,i

 _h *>act]iz$ z trivial4    ,l ,my dog  
is v musical1 ,i h he>d said 9 all      
s]i\sness4   ,%\ld ! dog take prec$5ce (
 ,b]lioz8    ,m ,su* has be5 my own     
fate4  ,9 a c\ntry l ,italy1 :]e all    
p>ticipate 9 ! delights ( music1 ?is    
diff]5tiation becomes sup]flu\s1 & ! t]m
 correspond+ is n f\nd 9 ! language4 ,9 
,france1 :]e a liv+ s5se ( music does n 
p]meate ! p1 !re are musicians &        
non-musicians2 ( ! re/1 "s are v fond ( 
music1 & o!rs d n c>e = x4 ,only 9      
,g]many is x made a po9t ( honor to be  
musical1 t is to say1 n m]ely to love   
music1 b m especially to und]/& x z     
reg>ds its te*nical means ( expression1 
& to obey _! rules4  ,a ?\s& h&s support
 ! buoyant *ild & solicit\sly att5d its 
foot/eps1 t x may n so> al(t :]e !re    
might be risk ( a s]i\s fall4 ,b x is   
/ill s "y1 & is et]nal2 ! day ( its     
fre$om w come4--,:5 x %all cease to be  
musical4                             99 
99       99  ,,! creator %\ld take ov]  
no traditional law 9 bl9d belief1 :i*   

w\ld make him view 8 own creative       
endeavor1 f ! outset1 z an exception    
contra/+ ) t law4 ,= 8 individual case  
he %\ld seek out & =mulate a fitt+      
individual law1 :i*1 aft] ! fir/        
complete realization1 he %\ld annul1 t  
he himself may n be drawn into          
repetitions :5 8 next "w %all be 9 !    
mak+4  ,! function ( ! creative arti/   
consi/s 9 mak+ laws1 n 9 foll[+ laws    
ready made4 ,he :o foll[s su* laws1     
ceases to be a creator4  ,creative p[]  
may be ! m readily recogniz$1 ! m x     
%akes itself loose f tradition4 ,b an   
int5tional avoidance ( ! rules _c       
masqu]ade z creative p[]1 & /ill less   
eng5d] x4  ,! true creator /rives1 9    
reality1 aft] p]fection only4 ,& ?r\gh  
br++ ?is into h>mony ) 8 own            
individuality1 a new law arises )\t     
prem$itation4                           
99       99       99  ,s n>r[ has our   
tonal range become1 s /]eotyp$ its =m ( 
expression1 t n[adays !re is n "o       
famili> motive t _c be fitt$ ) "s o!r   

famili> motive s t ! two may be play$   
simultane\sly4 ,n to lose my way 9      
trifl+1,n ,i %all refra9 f giv+         
examples4    ,n ,) a fri5d ,i once      
indulg$ 9 su* trifl+ 9 ord] to   asc]ta9
 h[ _m commonly kn[n compositions 7     
writt5 accord+   to ! s*eme ( ! second  
!me 9 ! ,adagio ( ! ,n9? ,symphony4   ,9
 a few mom5ts we _h collect$ "s fifte5  
analogues ( ! mo/   diff]5t k9ds1 among 
!m specim5s ( ! l[e/ type ( art4 ,&     
,bee?ov5 himself3--,is ! !me ( ! ,f9ale 
9 ! ,fif? any   o!r ?an ! "o :]e) !     
,second introduces its ,allegro8--or    
?an ! pr9cipal !me ( ! ,?ird ,piano     
,conc]to1 only 9 m9or8                  
99       99       99  ,t :i*1 )9 our    
pres5t-day music1 mo/ ne>ly approa*es ! 
ess5tial nature ( ! art1 is ! ,re/ & !  
,hold 7,pause74 ,consummate play]s1     
improvis]s1 "k h[ to employ ^! in/rum5ts
 ( expression 9 l(ti] & ampl] measure4  
,! t5se sil5ce betwe5 two movem5ts--9   
itself music1 9 ?is environm5t--leaves  
wid] scope = div9ation ?an ! m          

det]m9ate1 b !re=e less ela/ic1 s\nd4   
99       99       99  ,:at we n[ call   
our ,tonal ,sy/em is no?+ m ?an a set ( 
signs2 an +5i\s device to grasp some:at 
( t et]nal h>mony2 a meagre             
pocket-edition ( t encyclop$ic "w2      
artificial light in/ead ( ! sun4--,h y  
ev] notic$ h[ p gaze op5-m\!d at !      
brilliant illum9ation ( a hall8 ,!y nev]
 d s at ! millionfold bright] sun%9e (  
noonday4--  ,& s1 9 music1 ! signs h    
assum$ great] consequ5ce ?an t :i* !y   
ought to /& =1 & c only sugge/4  ,h[    
important1 inde$1 are ,?ird1 ,fif?1 &   
,octave6 ,h[ /rictly we divide          
consonances f dissonances--9 a sph]e :]e
 no dissonances c possibly exi/6  ,we h 
divid$ ! octave into twelve equidi/ant  
degrees1 because we _h to manage someh[1
 & h con/ruct$ our in/rum5ts 9 su* a way
 t we c nev] get 9 above or bel[ or     
betwe5 !m4 ,keybo>d in/rum5ts1 9        
p>ticul>1 h s ?or\ghly s*ool$ our e>s t 
we are no long] capable ( he>+ any?+    
else--incapable ( he>+ except ?r\gh ?is 

impure m$ium4 ,yet ,nature creat$ an    
inf9ite gradation--inf9ite6 :o /ill kn[s
 x n[adays8,o    ,o ,! equal temp]am5t (
 #ab degrees1 :i* 0 discuss$            
!oretically z e>ly z ab\t #aejj1 b n    
e/abli%$ z a   pr9ciple until %ortly    
be=e #agjj 7by ,&reas ,w]kmei/]71       
divides ! octave into twelve equal      
portions 7semitones1 h5ce               
'twelve-semitone sy/em'7 ?r\gh :i* mean 
values are obta9$2   no int]val is      
p]fectly pure1 b all are fairly         
s]viceable4   7,riemann1                
,musik-,lexikon47 ,?us1 ?r\gh ,&reas    
,w]kmei/]1 ?is   ma/]-workman 9 art1 we 
h ga9$ ! twelve-semitone sy/em   )      
int]vals :i* are all impure1 b fairly   
s]viceable4 ,b :at   is pure1 & :at     
impure8 ,we he> a piano gone out ( tune1
 &   ^: int]vals may ?us h become pure1 
b uns]viceable1 & x   s\nds impure to u4
 ,! diplomatic ,twelve-semitone sy/em is
 an   inv5tion mo!r$ by necessity2 yet  
none ! less d we s$ul\sly   gu>d its    
imp]fections4  ,& )9 ?is duodecimal     

octave we h m>k$ out a s]ies ( fix$     
int]vals1 sev5 9 numb]1 & f\nd$ !reon   
our entire art ( music4 ,:at d ,i       
say--"o s]ies8 ,two su* s]ies1 "o = ea* 
leg3 ,! ,major & ,m9or ,scales4 ,:5 we  
/>t ?is s]ies ( int]vals on "s o!r      
degree ( our semitonic ladd]1 we obta9 a
 new key1 & a =eign "o1 at t6 ,h[       
viol5tly contract$ a sy/em arose f ?is  
initial confusion1,p may be read 9 !    
law-books2 we w n repeat x "h4    ,p ,x 
is t]m$ ,! ,sci5ce ( ,h>mony4           
99       99       99  ,we tea*          
f\r-&-tw5ty keys1 twelve times ! two    
,s]ies ( ,sev52 b1 9 po9t ( fact1 we h  
at our comm& only two1 ! major key & !  
m9or key4 ,! re/ are m]ely              
transpositions4 ,by means ( ! sev]al    
transpositions we are suppos$ to get    
diff]5t %ades ( h>mony2 b ?is is an     
illusion4 ,9 ,engl&1 "u ! reign ( ! high
 conc]t pit*1 ! mo/ famili> works may be
 play$ a semitone high] ?an !y are      
writt51 )\t *ang+ _! effect4 ,s+]s      
transpose an aria to suit _! conv5i5ce1 

leav+ untranspos$ :at prec$es & foll[s4 
,song-writ]s n infrequ5tly publi% _! own
 compositions 9 ?ree diff]5t pit*es2 9  
all ?ree editions ! pieces are precisely
 alike4  ,:5 a well-kn[n face looks out 
( a w9d[1 x matt]s n :e!r x gazes d[n f 
! fir/ /ory or ! ?ird4  ,7 x feasible to
 elevate or depress a l&scape1 f> z eye 
c rea*1 by sev]al hundr$ y>ds1 !        
pictorial impression w\ld nei!r ga9 nor 
lose by x4                              
99       99       99  ,^u ! two ,s]ies (
 ,sev51 ! major key & ! m9or key1 ! :ole
 art ( music has be5 e/abli%$2 "o       
limitation br+s on ! o!r4  ,to ea* ( ^! 
a def9ite "* has be5 attribut$2 we h    
le>n$ & h taught t !y %\ld be he>d z    
contra/s1 & !y h gradually acquir$ !    
significance ( symbols3--,major &       
,m9or--,maggiore e ,m9ore--,cont5tm5t & 
,discont5t--,joy & ,sorr[--,light &     
,%ade4 ,! h>monic symbols h f5c$ 9 !    
expression ( music1 f ,ba* to ,wagn]1 & 
yet fur!r on until to-day & ! day aft]  
to-morr[4 ,m9or is employ$ ) ! same     

int5tion1 & has ! same effect ^u u n[1 z
 two hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,n[adays x is no  
long] possible to compose a fun]al m>*1 
= x already exi/s1 once = all4 ,ev5 !   
lea/ in=m$ non-pr(essional kn[s :at to  
expect :5 a fun]al m>*--:i*ev] y        
please--is to be play$4 ,ev5 su* an "o c
 anticipate ! diff]5ce betwe5 a symphony
 9 major & "o 9 m9or4 ,we are tyranniz$ 
by ,major & ,m9or--by ! bifurcat$ g>m5t4
                             99       99
       99  ,/range1 t "o %\ld feel major
 & m9or z opposites4 ,!y bo? pres5t !   
same face1 n[ m joy\s1 n[ m s]i\s2 & a  
m]e t\* ( ! bru% suffices to turn ! "o  
into ! o!r4 ,! passage f ei!r to ! o!r  
is easy & imp]ceptible2 :5 x occurs     
frequ5tly & swiftly1 ! two beg9 to %imm]
 & coalesce indi/+ui%ably4--,b :5 we    
recognize t major & m9or =m "o ,:ole ) a
 d\ble mean+1 & t ! f\r-&-tw5ty keys are
 simply an elev5fold transposition ( !  
orig9al twa91 we arrive uncon/ra9$ly at 
a p]ception ( ! ,,unity ( our sy/em (   
keys tonality4 ,! conceptions ( relat$ &

 =eign keys vani%1 & ) !m ! entire      
intricate !ory ( degrees & relations4   
,we possess "o s+le key4 ,b x is ( mo/  
meagre sort4                            
99       99       99  ,unity ( !        
key-sy/em4  --,i suppose y mean t 'key' 
& 'key-sy/em' are ! sunbeam & its       
diffraction into colors8  ,no2 t ,i c n 
mean4 ,= our :ole sy/em ( tone1 key1 &  
tonality1 tak5 9 its entirety1 is only a
 "p ( a fraction ( "o diffract$ ray f t 
,sun1 ,music1 9 ! empyrean ( ! et]nal   
h>mony4                             99  
99       99  ,h[ev] deeply root$ !      
atta*m5t to ! habitual1 & in]tia1 may be
 9 ! ways & nature ( humank9d1 9 equal  
measure are en]gy1 & opposition to !    
exi/+ ord]1 *>act]i/ic ( all t has life4
 ,nature has h] wiles1 & p]suades man1  
ob/9ately oppos$ ?\gh he be to progress 
& *ange2 ,nature progresses cont9ually &
 *anges unremitt+ly1 b ) s ev5 &        
unnoticeable movem5t t m5 p]ceive only  
quiesc5ce4 ,only on look+ backw>d f a   
di/ance d !y note ) a/oni%m5t t !y h be5

 deceiv$4  ,! ,re=m] ( any giv5 p]iod   
excites irritation = ! reason t 8 *anges
 f9d m5 unprep>$1 &1 above all1 because 
^! *anges are appreciable4 ,! ,re=m]1 9 
comp>ison ) ,nature1 is undiplomatic2 &1
 z a :olly logical consequ5ce1 8 *anges 
d n w9 g5]al acceptance until ,"t1 )    
subtle1 imp]ceptible advance1 has bridg$
 ov] ! leap ( ! self-assur$ lead]4 ,yet 
we f9d cases 9 :i* ! re=m] m>*$ abrea/ (
 ! times1 :ile ! re/ fell beh9d4 ,& !n  
!y h to be =c$ & la%$ to take ! leap    
across ! passage !y h miss$4 ,i believe 
t ! major-&-m9or key ) its              
transpositional relations1 our          
twelve-semitone sy/em1 exhibits su* a   
case ( fall+ beh9d4                     
99       99       99  ,t "s few h       
already felt h[ ! int]vals ( ! ,s]ies ( 
,sev5 might be diff]5tly arrang$        
7graduat$7 is manife/$ 9 isolat$        
passages by ,liszt1 & rec5tly by        
,debussy & 8 foll[+1 & ev5 by ,ri*>d    
,/rauss4 ,/rong impulse1 long+1 gift$   
in/9ct1 all speak f ^! /ra9s4 ,yet x    

does n appe> to me t a consci\s & ord]ly
 conception ( ?is int5sifi$ means (     
expression _h be5 =m$ by ^! compos]s4   
,i h made an attempt to exhau/ !        
possibilities ( ! arrangem5t ( degrees  
)9 ! sev5-tone scale2 & succe$$1 by     
rais+ & l[]+ ! int]vals1 9 e/abli%+ "o  
hundr$ & ?irte5 diff]5t scales4 ,^! #aac
 scales 7)9 ! octave ,c-,c7 comprise !  
great] "p ( our famili> tw5ty-f\r keys1 
&1 fur!rmore1 a s]ies ( new keys (      
peculi> "*4 ,b ) ^! ! m9e is n exhau/$1 
= we are at lib]ty to transpose ea* "o (
 ^! #aac1 besides ! bl5d+ ( two su* keys
 9 h>mony & melody4  ,!re is a          
significant diff]5ce betwe5 ! s\nd ( !  
scale c-d-e-f-g-a-b-c :5 c is tak5 z    
tonic1 & ! scale ( d m9or4 ,by giv+ x ! 
cu/om>y ,c-major triad z a fundam5tal   
h>mony1 a novel h>monic s5sation is     
obta9$4 ,b n[ li/5 to ?is same scale    
support$ alt]nately by ! ,a-m9or1       
,e-major1 & ,c-major triads1 & y _c     
avoid a feel+ ( delightful surprise at !
 /rangely unfamili> euphony4  ,b h[ w\ld

 a lawgiv] classify ! tone-s]ies        
c-d-e-f-g-a-b-c1 c-d-e-f-g-a-b-c1       
c-d-e-f-g-a-b-c1 c-d-e-f-g-a-b-c8--or   
^!1 =soo?3 c-d-e-f-g-a-b-c1             
c-d-e-f-g-a-b-c1 c-d-e-f-g-a-b-c8  ,"o  
_c e/imate at a glance :at weal? (      
melodic & h>monic expression w\ld ?us be
 op5$ up to ! he>+2 b a great _m novel  
possibilities may be accept$ z c]ta91 & 
are p]ceptible at a glance4             
99       99       99  ,) ?is            
pres5tation1 ! unity ( all keys may be  
consid]$ z f9ally pron\nc$ & ju/ifi$4 ,a
 kaleidoscopic bl5d+ & int]*ang+ (      
twelve semitones )9 ! ?ree-mirror tube (
 ,ta/e1 ,emotion1 & ,int5tion--!        
ess5tial feature ( ! h>mony ( to-day4   
99       99       99  ,! h>mony (       
to-day1 & n = long2 = all signs presage 
a revolution1 & a next /ep t[>d t et]nal
 h>mony4 ,let u once aga9 call to m9d1 t
 9 ?is latt] ! gradation ( ! octave is  
inf9ite1 & let u /rive to draw a little 
ne>] to inf9itude4 ,! trip>tite tone    
7?ird ( a tone7 has = "s "t be5 dem&+   

admittance1 & we h left ! call unhe$$4  
,:oev] has exp]im5t$1 l myself 79 a     
mode/ way71 ) ?is int]val1 & introduc$  
7ei!r ) voice or ) viol97 two equidi/ant
 int]m$iate tones betwe5 ! extremes ( a 
:ole tone1 s*ool+ 8 e> & 8 precision (  
attack1 w n h fail$ to disc]n t         
trip>tite tones are :olly indep5d5t     
int]vals ) a pron\nc$ "*1 & n to be     
conf\nd$ ) ill-tun$ semitones4 ,!y =m a 
ref9em5t 9 *romatics bas$1 z at pres5t  
appe>s1 on ! :ole-tone scale4 ,7 we to  
adopt !m )\t fur!r prep>ation1 we %\ld h
 to give up ! semitones & lose our m9or 
?ird & p]fect fif?2 & ?is loss w\ld be  
felt m ke5ly ?an ! relative ga9 ( a     
sy/em ( eighte5 "o-?ird tones4  ,b !re  
is no app>5t reason = giv+ up !         
semitones = ! sake ( ?is new sy/em4 ,by 
reta9+1 = ea* :ole tone1 a semitone1 we 
obta9 a second s]ies ( :ole tones ly+ a 
semitone high] ?an ! orig9al s]ies4 ,!n1
 by divid+ ?is second s]ies ( :ole tones
 into ?ird-tones1 ea* ?ird-tone 9 ! l[] 
s]ies w be mat*$ by a semitone 9 ! high]

 s]ies4  ,?us we h really arriv$ at a   
sy/em ( :ole tones divid$ into six?s ( a
 tone2 & we may be sure t ev5 six?-tones
 w sometime be adopt$ into musical      
spee*4 ,b ! tonal sy/em above sket*$ mu/
 fir/ ( all tra9 ! he>+ to ?irds ( a    
tone1 )\t giv+ up ! semitones4  ,to     
summ>ize3 ,we may set up ei!r two s]ies 
( ?ird-tones1 ) an int]val ( a semitone 
betwe5 ! s]ies2 or1 ! usual semitonic   
s]ies ?rice repeat$ at ! int]val (      
"o-?ird ( a tone4  ,m]ely = ! sake (    
di/9ction1 let u call ! fir/ tone ,c1 & 
! next ?ird-tones ,c1 & ,d2 ! fir/      
semitone 7small7 c1 & its foll[+ ?irds c
 & d2 ! result is fully expla9$ by !    
table bel[3  ,music  ,a prelim9>y       
exp$i5t = notation might be1 to draw six
 l9es = ! /aff1 us+ ! l9es = ! :ole     
tones & ! spaces = ! semitones3  ,music 
!n indicat+ ! ?ird-tones by %>ps &      
flats3  ,music  ,! "q ( notation seems  
to me subord9ate4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! "q is 
important & imp]i\s1 h[ & on :at ^!     
tones are to be produc$4 ,=tunately1    

:ile busi$ ) ?is essay1 ,i receiv$ f    
,am]ica direct & au!ntic intellig5ce :i*
 solves ! problem 9 a simple mann]4 ,i  
ref] to an inv5tion by ,dr4 ,?addeus    
,cahill4,q ,he has con/ruct$ a          
compreh5sive app>atus :i* makes x       
possible to trans=m an electric curr5t  
into a fix$ & ma!matically exact numb] (
 vibrations4 ,z pit* dep5ds on ! numb] (
 vibrations1 & ! app>atus may be set on 
any numb] desir$1 ! inf9ite gradation ( 
! octave may be accompli%$ by m]ely mov+
 a lev] correspond+ to ! po9t] ( a      
quadrant4    ,q ,new ,music = an ,old   
,_w4 ,dr4 ,?addeus ,cahill's            
,dynamophone1   an extraord9>y          
electrical inv5tion = produc+           
sci5tifically   p]fect music4 ,article 9
 ,mc,clure's ,magaz9e = ,july1 #aijf1 by
 ,ray   ,/ann>d ,bak]4 ,read]s int]e/$ 9
 ! details ( ?is inv5tion   are ref]r$  
to ! above-m5tion$ magaz9e article4     
,only a long & c>eful s]ies ( exp]im5ts1
 & a cont9u$ tra9+ ( ! e>1 c r5d] ?is   
unfamili> mat]ial approa*able & pla/ic =

 ! com+ g5]ation1 & = ,art4             
99       99       99  ,& :at a vi/a (   
fair hopes & dreamlike fancies is ?us   
op5$ = !m bo?6 ,:o has n dreamt t he    
c\ld float on air8 & firmly believ$ 8   
dream to be reality8--,let u take ?\ght1
 h[ music may be re/or$ to its          
primitive1 natural ess5ce2 let u free x 
f ar*itectonic1 ac\/ic & e/hetic dogmas2
 let x be pure inv5tion & s5tim5t1 9    
h>monies1 9 =ms1 9 tone-colors 7=       
inv5tion & s5tim5t are n ! pr]ogative ( 
melody alone72 let x foll[ ! l9e ( !    
ra9b[ & vie ) ! cl\ds 9 break+ sunbeams2
 let ,music be naught else ?an ,nature  
mirror$ by & reflect$ f ! human brea/2 =
 x is s\nd+ air & floats above & beyond 
! air2 )9 ,man himself z univ]sally &   
absolutely z 9 ,creation entire2 = x c  
ga!r toge!r & disp]se )\t los+ 9        
int5sity4                             99
       99       99  ,,9 8 book ,beyond !
 ,good & ! ,bad 7,j5seits von ,gut und  
,bse7 ,nietzs*e says3 ,) reg>d to ,g]man
 music ,i consid] precaution necess>y 9 

v>i\s ways4 ,assum+ t a p]son loves !   
,s\? 7z ,i love x7 z a great tra9+-s*ool
 = heal? ( s\l & s5se 9 _! highe/       
pot5cy1 z an uncontrollable flood &     
glam\r ( sun%9e spread+ ov] a race (    
indep5d5t & self-reliant be+s2--well1   
su* an "o w le>n to be m or less on 8   
gu>d aga9/ ,g]man music1 because1 :ile  
spoil+ 8 ta/e anew1 x und]m9es 8 heal?4 
,su* a ,s\?l&] 7n by desc5t1 b by       
belief7 mu/1 %\ld he dream ( ! future ( 
music1 likewise dream ( a r$emption (   
music f ! ,nor?1 :ile 9 8 e>s !re r+s ! 
prelude to a deep]1 mighti]1 p]*ance a m
 evil & m my/]i\s music1 a sup]-,g]man  
music1 :i* does n fade1 )] & die away 9 
view ( ! blue1 s5su\s sea & ! spl5dor ( 
,m$it]ranean skies1 z all ,g]man music  
does2--a sup]-,european music1 t ass]ts 
itself ev5 amid ! tawny sunsets ( !     
des]t1 ^: s\l is alli$ ) ! palm-tree1 & 
c consort & pr[l ) great1 beautiful1    
lonely bea/s ( prey4  ,i c\ld imag9e a  
music ^: r>e/ *>m %\ld consi/ 9 its     
complete divorce f ! ,good & !          

,bad2--only t its surface might be      
ruffl$1 z x 71 by a long+ z ( a sailor =
 home1 by v>iable gold5 %ad[s & t5d]    
frailties3--an ,art :i* %\ld see flee+  
t[>d x1 f af> (f1 ! hues ( a p]i%+ moral
 _w become wellnigh incompreh5sible1 &  
:i* %\ld be hospitable & pr(\nd en\gh to
 h>bor su* belat$ fugitives4  ,& ,tol/oi
 transmutes a l&scape-impression into a 
musical impression :5 he writes1 9      
,luc]ne3 ,nei!r on ! lake1 nor on !     
m\nta9s1 nor 9 ! skies1 a s+le /raight  
l9e1 a s+le unmix$ color1 a s+le po9t ( 
repose2--ev]y:]e movem5t1 irregul>ity1  
caprice1 v>iety1 an incessant int]play (
 %ades & l9es1 & 9 x all !              
reposefulness1 s(tness1 h>mony &        
inevitabl5ess ( ,beauty4  ,w ?is music  
ev] be atta9$8  ,n all rea* ,nirvana2 b 
he :o1 gift$ f ! beg9n+1 le>ns ev]y?+ t 
"o ought to le>n1 exp]i5ces all t "o    
%\ld exp]i5ce1 r5\nces :at "o %\ld      
r5\nce1 develops :at "o %\ld develop1   
realizes :at "o %\ld realize--he %all   
rea* ,nirvana4,r 7,k]n1 ,ges*i*te des   

,buddhismus 9 ,indi547    ,r ,z if      
anticipat+ my ?\ghts1 ,m4 ,v9c5t d',indy
 has j writt5   me3 444 laissant de ct  
les cont+5ces et les petitesses de la   
vie p\r reg>d] con/amm5t v]s un idal    
qu'on ne p\rra jamais   atte9dre1 mais  
dont il e/ p]mis de se rappro*]4  ,if   
,nirvana be ! realm beyond ! ,good & !  
,bad1 "o way lead+ ?i!r is "h po9t$ out4
 ,a way to ! v portal4 ,to ! b>s t      
divide ,man f ,et]nity--or t op5 to     
admit t :i* 0 temporal4 ,beyond t portal
 s\nds music4 ,n ! /ra9s ( musical      
art4,s--,x may be1 t we mu/ leave ,e>?  
to f9d t music4 ,b only to ! pilgrim :o 
has succe$$ on ! way 9 free+ himself f  
e>?ly %ackles1 %all ! b>s op54    ,s ,i 
?9k ,i h read1 some:]e1 t ,liszt conf9$ 
8 ,dante   ,symphony to ! two movem5ts1 
,inf]no & ,purgatorio1 because   our    
tone-spee* is inadequate to express !   
felicities ( ,p>adise4     ,,add5da     
,,feel+--l hone/y--is a moral po9t (    
honor1 an attribute ( ^: possession no  
"o w p]mit d5ial1 :i* claims a place 9  

life & art alike4 ,b :ile1 9 life1 a    
want ( feel+ may be =giv5 to ! possessor
 ( a m brilliant attribute1 su* z brav]y
 or imp>tial ju/ice1 9 art feel+ is held
 to be ! highe/ moral qualification4  ,9
 music1 h[ev]1 feel+ requires two       
consorts1 ta/e & /yle4 ,n[1 9 life1 "o  
enc\nt]s real ta/e z seldom z deep &    
true feel+2 z = /yle1 x is a prov9ce (  
art4 ,:at rema9s1 is a species (        
pseudo-emotion :i* mu/ be *>act]iz$ z   
la*rymose hy/]ia or turgidity4 ,&1 above
 all1 p insi/ ^u hav+ x pla9ly p>ad$    
be=e _! eyes6 ,x mu/ be und]scor$1 s t  
ev]ybody %all /op1 look1 & li/54 ,!     
audi5ce sees x1 greatly magnifi$1 ?r[n  
on ! scre51 s t x dances be=e ! vision 9
 vague1 importunate va/ness2 x is cri$  
on ! /reets1 to summon !m t dwell remote
 f art2 x is gild$1 to make ! de/itute  
/>e 9 amaze4  ,= 9 life1 too1 !         
expressions ( feel+1 by mi5 & words1 are
 (t5e/ employ$2 r>]1 & m g5u9e1 is t    
feel+ :i* acts )\t talk2 & mo/ preci\s  
is ! feel+ :i* hides itself4  ,feel+ is 

g5]ally und]/ood to mean t5d]ness1      
pa?os1 & extravagance1 ( expression4 ,b 
h[ mu* m does ! m>vel\s fl[] ,emotion   
enfold6 ,re/ra9t & =be>ance1            
r5unciation1 p[]1 activity1 pati5ce1    
magnanimity1 joy\sness1 & t             
all-controll+ intellig5ce :]e9 feel+    
actually takes its rise4  ,x is n       
o!rwise 9 ,art1 :i* holds ! mirror up to
 ,life2 & /ill m outspok5ly 9 ,music1   
:i* repeats ! emotions ( ,life--?\gh =  
?is1 z ,i h said1 ta/e & /yle mu/ be    
add$2 ,/yle1 :i* di/+ui%es ,art f ,life4
  ,:at ! amateur & ! m$iocre arti/      
attempt to express1 is feel+ 9 little1 9
 detail1 = a %ort /ret*4  ,feel+ on a   
gr& scale is mi/ak5 by ! amateur1 !     
semi-arti/1 ! public 7& ! critics too1  
unhappily671 = a want ( emotion1 because
 !y all are unable to he> ! long] rea*es
 z p>ts ( a yet m ext5d$ :ole4 ,feel+1  
!re=e1 is likewise economy4  ,h5ce1 ,i  
di/+ui% feel+ z ,ta/e1 z ,/yle1 z       
,economy4 ,ea* a :ole 9 itself1 & ea*   
"o-?ird ( ! ,:ole4 ,)9 & ov] !m rules a 

subjective tr9ity3 ,temp]am5t1          
,intellig5ce1 & ! in/9ct ( ,equipoise4  
,^! six c>ry on a dance ( su* subtility 
9 ! *oice ( p>tn]s & int]tw9+ ( figures1
 9 ! be>+ & ! be+ borne1 9 advanc+ &    
curtesy+1 9 motion & repose1 t no l(ti] 
height ( arti/ry is conceivable4  ,:5 ! 
*ords ( ! two triads are 9 p]fect tune1 
,fantasy may--nay1 mu/--associate )     
,feel+2 support$ by ! ,six1 %e w n      
deg5]ate1 & out ( ?is comb9ation ( all !
 elem5ts arises ,individuality4 ,!      
individuality cat*es1 l a l5s1 !        
light-impressions1 reflects !m1 accord+ 
to its nature1 z a negative1 & ! he>]   
p]ceives ! true picture4                
99       99       99  ,9 s f> z ta/e    
p>ticipates 9 feel+1 ! latt]--l all     
else--alt]s its =ms ( expression ) !    
p]iod4 ,t is1 "o aspect or ano!r ( feel+
 w be favor$ at "o "t or ano!r1         
onesid$ly cultivat$1 especially         
develop$4 ,?us1 ) & aft] ,wagn]1        
voluptu\s s5suality came to ! =e2 ! =m (
 int5sification ( passion is /ill       

unsurm\nt$ by contempor>y compos]s4 ,on 
e tranquil beg9n+ foll[$ a swift upw>d  
surge4 ,wagn]1 9 ?is po9t insatiable1 b 
n inexhau/ible1 turn$ f %e] necessity to
 ! exp$i5t1 aft] rea*+ a climax1 ( />t+ 
afre% s(tly1 to so> to a sudd5 new      
int5sification4  ,mod]n ,fr5* writ]s    
exhibit a revulsion2 _! feel+ is a      
reflexive *a/ity1 or p]haps r a re/ra9$ 
s5sualism2 ! up/riv+ m\nta9-pa?s (      
,wagn] are succe$$ by monoton\s pla9s ( 
twilight uni=mity4  ,?us /yle =ms itself
 out ( feel+1 :5 l$ by ta/e4            
99       99       99  ,! ,apo/les ( !   
,n9? ,symphony h devis$ ! notion ( dep? 
9 music4 ,x is /ill curr5t at           
face-value1 especially 9 ,g]manic l&s4  
,!re is a dep? ( feel+1 & a dep? (      
?\ght2 ! latt] is lit]>y1 & c h no      
application to tones4 ,dep? ( feel+1 by 
contra/1 is psy*ical1 & ?or\ghly g]mane 
to ! nature ( music4 ,! ,apo/les ( !    
,n9? ,symphony h a peculi> & n q cle>ly 
def9$ e/imate ( dep? 9 music4 ,dep?     
becomes bread?1 & ! attempt is made to  

atta9 x ?r\gh weight2 x !n discov]s     
itself 7?r\gh an association ( ideas7 by
 a pref]5ce = a deep regi/]1 & 7z ,i h  
_h opportunity to obs]ve7 by !          
ins9uation ( a second1 my/]i\s notion1  
usually ( a lit]>y sort4 ,if ^! are n ! 
sole specific signs1 !y are ! mo/       
important ones4  ,to e disciple (       
philosophy1 h[ev]1 dep? ( feel+ w\ld    
seem to imply exhau/iv5ess 9 feel+1 a   
complete absorption 9 ! giv5 mood4      
,:oev]1 surr\nd$ by ! full tide ( a     
g5u9e c>nival cr[d1 sl9ks ab\t morosely 
or ev5 indiff]5tly1 nei!r affect$ nor   
c>ri$ away by ! trem5d\s self-satire (  
mask & motley1 by ! might ( misrule ov] 
law1 by ! v5geful feel+ ( wit runn+     
riot1 %[s himself incapable ( s\nd+ !   
dep?s ( feel+4 ,?is gives fur!r         
confirmation ( ! fact1 t dep? ( feel+   
roots 9 a complete absorption 9 ! giv5  
mood1 h[ev] frivol\s1 & blossoms 9 !    
int]pretation ( t mood2 :]eas ! curr5t  
conception ( deep feel+ s+les out only  
"o aspect ( feel+ 9 man1 & specializes  

t4  ,9 ! s-call$ ,*ampagne ,aria 9 ,don 
,giovanni !re lies m dep? ?an 9 _m a    
fun]al m>* or nocturne3--,dep? ( feel+  
also %[s 9 n wa/+ x on subord9ate or    
unimportant matt]s4                     
99       99       99  ,,r\t9e is highly 
e/eem$ & frequ5tly requir$2 9 musical   
(ficialdom x is a s9e qua non4 ,t r\t9e 
9 music %\ld exi/ at all1 &1 fur!rmore1 
t x c be nom9at$ z a condition 9 !      
musician's bond1 is ano!r pro( ( ! n>r[ 
conf9es ( our musical art4 ,r\t9e       
signifies ! acquisition ( a modicum (   
exp]i5ce & artcraft1 & _! application to
 all cases :i* may occur2 h5ce1 !re mu/ 
be an a/\nd+ numb] ( analog\s cases4    
,n[1 ,i l to imag9e a species (         
art-praxis :]e9 ea* case %\ld be a new  
"o1 an exception6 ,h[ helpless & impot5t
 w\ld ! army ( practical musicians /&   
be=e x6--9 ! end !y w\ld surely beat a  
retreat1 & disappe>4 ,r\t9e trans=ms !  
temple ( art into a factory4 ,x de/roys 
creativ5ess4 ,= creation means1 ! br++  
=m out ( ! void2 :]eas r\t9e fl\ri%es on

 imitation4 ,x is poetry made to ord]4  
,x rules because x suits ! g5]ality3 ,9 
! !atre1 9 ! or*e/ra1 9 virtuosi1 9     
in/ruction4 ,"o longs to exclaim1 ,avoid
 r\t9e6 ,let ea* beg9n+ be1 z _h none   
be5 be=e6 ,"k no?+1 b r ?9k & feel6 ,=1 
behold1 ! myriad /ra9s t once %all s\nd 
h exi/$ s9ce ! beg9n+1 ready1 afloat 9 !
 !r1 & toge!r ) !m o!r myriads t %all   
nev] be he>d4 ,only /ret* =? y\r h&s1 & 
ye %all grasp a blossom1 a brea? ( !    
sea-breeze1 a sunbeam2 avoid r\t9e1 = x 
/rives to grasp only t :]e) y\r f\r     
walls are fill$1 & ! same ov] & ov]     
aga92 ! _s ( ease s infects y1 t y w    
sc>cely leave y\r arm*airs1 & w lay hold
 only ( :at is ne>e/ to h&4 ,& myriad   
/ra9s are !re s9ce ! beg9n+1 /ill wait+ 
= manife/ation6                         
99       99       99  ,x is my mis=tune1
 to possess no r\t9e1 ,wagn] once wrote 
,liszt1 :5 ! composition ( ,tri/an 0    
mak+ no progress4 ,?us ,wagn] deceiv$   
himself1 & wore a mask = o!rs4 ,he _h   
too mu* r\t9e1 & 8 compos+-ma*9]y 0 ?r[n

 out ( ge>1 j :5 a tangle =m$ 9 ! me%   
:i* only inspiration c\ld unloose4      
,true1 ,wagn] f\nd ! clew :5 he succe$$ 
9 ?r[+ (f r\t9e2 b _h he really nev]    
possess$ x1 he w\ld h decl>$ ! fact )\t 
bitt]ness4 ,&1 aft] all1 ?is s5t5ce 9   
,wagn]'s lett] expresses ! true         
arti/-contempt = r\t9e1 inasmu* z he    
waives all claim to a qualification :i* 
he ?9ks meanly (1 & takes c>e t o!rs may
 n inve/ him ) x4 ,?is self-praise he   
utt]s ) a mi5 ( ironic desp]ation4 ,he  
is1 9 v tru?1 unhappy t composition is  
at a /&/ill1 b f9ds ri* consolation 9 ! 
consci\sness t 8 g5ius is above ! *eap  
exp$i5ts ( r\t9e2 at ! same "t1 ) an air
 ( mode/y1 he sorr[fully confesses t he 
has n acquir$ a tra9+ belong+ to !      
craft4  ,! s5t5ce is a ma/]piece ( !    
native cunn+ ( ! in/9ct (               
self-pres]vation2 b equally proves--& t 
is our po9t--! pett9ess ( r\t9e 9       
creative "w4                            
99       99       99  ,,respect !       
,pian(orte6 ,its disadvantages are      

evid5t1 decid$1 & unque/ionable3 ,! lack
 ( su/a9$ tone1 & ! pitiless1 unyield+  
adju/m5t ( ! inalt]able semitonic scale4
  ,b its advantages & pr]ogatives       
approa* ! m>vel\s4  ,x gives a s+le man 
comm& ov] some?+ complete2 9 its        
pot5tialities f s(te/ to l\de/ 9 "o & ! 
same regi/] x excels all o!r in/rum5ts4 
,! trumpet c bl>e1 b n sigh2 contr>iwise
 ! flute2 ! pian(orte c d bo?4 ,its     
range embraces ! highe/ & deepe/        
practicable tones4 ,respect !           
,pian(orte6  ,let d\bt]s consid] h[ !   
pian(orte 0 e/eem$ by ,ba*1 ,moz>t1     
,bee?ov51 ,liszt1 :o d$icat$ _! *oice/  
?\ghts to x4  ,& ! pian(orte has "o     
possession :olly peculi> to itself1 an  
inimitable device1 a photograph ( ! sky1
 a ray ( moonlight--! ,p$al4  ,! effects
 ( ! p$al are unexhau/$1 because !y h   
rema9$ ev5 to ?is day ! drudges ( a     
n>r[-s\l$ & s5seless h>monic !ory2 !    
treatm5t accord$ !m is l try+ to m\ld   
air or wat] into geometric =ms4         
,bee?ov51 :o inconte/ably a*iev$ !      

greate/ progress on & = ! pian(orte1    
div9$ ! my/]ies ( ! p$al1 & to him we   
owe ! fir/ lib]ties4  ,! p$al is 9      
ill-repute4 ,= ?is1 absurd irregul>ities
 mu/ be> ! blame4 ,let u exp]im5t )     
s5sible irregul>ities4                  
99       99       99  ,i ,,felt 444 t ! 
book ,i %all write w be nei!r 9 ,engli% 
nor 9 ,lat92 & ?is = ! "o reason 444    
namely1 t ! language 9 :i* x may be giv5
 me n only to write1 b also to ?9k1 w n 
be ,lat91 or ,engli%1 or ,italian1 or   
,spani%1 b a language n ev5 "o ( ^:     
words ,i "k1 a language 9 :i* dumb ?+s  
speak to me1 & 9 :i*1 x may be1 ,i %all 
at la/ h to respond 9 my grave to an    
,unkn[n ,judge4                         
7,von ,h(mann/hal3 ,a lett]47           
,transcrib]'s ,note3      ,! foll[+ is a
 li/ ( corrections made to ! orig9al4 ,!
 fir/     l9e is ! orig9al l9e1 ! second
 ! correct$ "o4       ,i "k n :at2 !    
,unkn[n ,i w\ld h6     ,i "k n :at2 !   
,unkn[n ,i w\ld h6    mme en avoir tabli
 t\t la dveloppem5t 444 ,v9c5t d',indy1 

9   mme en avoir tabli t\t le           
dveloppem5t 444 ,v9c5t d',indy1 9       
7,von ,h(fmann/hal3 ,a lett]47          
7,von ,h(mann/hal3 ,a lett]47