material from the ,google ,print        
project47            ,,never ,,too      
,,late ,,to ,,learn6     ,,five         
,,hundred ,,mistakes   ,,of ,,daily     
,,occurrence   ,,in ,,speaking1         
,,pronouncing1 ,,and ,,writing   ,,the  
,,english ,,language1   ,,corrected4    
,which--if you but open--   ,you will be
 unwilling1   ,for many a shilling1     
,to part with the profit   ,which you   
shall have of it4     ,the ,key to      
,unknown ,knowledge4--,,london1 #aefi4  
,it is highly important1 that whatever  
we learn or know1 we should   know      
,,correctly2 for unless our knowledge be
 correct1 we lose half its   value and  
usefulness4--,conversations on ,botany4 
,,new-,,york3   ,,daniel ,,burgess      
,,co41 #fj ,,john ,,street4   #ahef4    
,entered according to ,act of ,congress1
 in the year #ahee1 by   ,,walton       
,,burgess1   in the ,clerk's ,office of 
the ,district ,court   of the ,united   
,states for the ,southern   ,district of
 ,new ,york4     ,,preface4   ,this book

 is offered to the public1 not to be    
classed with elaborate or learned works1
 nor expected1 like some of its more    
pretending companions among the         
offspring of the press1 to run the      
gauntlet of literary criticism4 ,it was 
prepared to meet the wants of           
persons--numbered by multitudes in even 
the most intelligent and refined        
communities--who from deficiency of     
education1 or from carelessness of      
manner1 are in the habit of misusing    
many of the most common words of the    
,english language1 distorting its       
grammatical forms1 destroying its       
beauty1 and corrupting its purity4 ,the 
most thorough mode that could be adopted
 to correct such errors1 would doubtless
 be to impart to the ignorant a         
practical knowledge of the principles of
 language1 as embodied in treatises on  
grammar2 but such a good work1 however  
desirable its results1 has1 in time     
past1 been too difficult for the        
promoters of education to complete1 and 

is still too great to give promise of   
speedy accomplishment4 ,a better        
expedient1 bearing immediate fruits1 has
 been adopted in the present volume1    
which1 while it does not aim to produce 
a radical reform1 cannot fail to render 
great service to those who need to      
improve their usual modes of expression1
 and to be more discriminating in their 
choice of words4  ,the more frequent and
 less excusable mistakes that may be    
noticed in ordinary conversation or     
correspondence1 are here taken up1 one  
by one--exposed1 explained1 and         
corrected4 ,they consist variously of   
abuses of grammar1 misapplications of   
words and phrases1 improprieties of     
metaphor and comparison1 misstatements  
of meaning1 and faults of pronunciation4
 ,they are grouped miscellaneously1     
without classification1 not so much     
because of the difficulty of devising an
 arrangement that would be systematic   
and intelligible1 as from the evident   
fact that a division of subjects would  

render no assistance to those for whom  
the book is specially designed2 for an  
appropriate classification would        
necessarily derive its features from the
 forms of grammar1 and with these the   
readers of this book are supposed to be 
to a great extent unfamiliar4  ,the     
volume is put forth with no flourish of 
trumpets1 and makes no extravagant      
pretensions2 yet the publishers believe 
it will be regarded as a timely and     
useful work4 ,if the race of critics    
should not like it--and while books have
 their faults1 critics have their       
failings--they are reminded that he who 
corrects an old error1 may render no    
less service to his brethren1 than he   
who discovers a new truth4 ,if the work 
shall be the means of saving one        
sensitive man from a confusion of       
blushes1 in the presence of a company   
before which he desired to preserve his 
equanimity1 it will not have gone forth 
without a mission of benefit1 which will
 merit at least one acknowledgment4     

,,introduction4   ,the aim of this book1
 by correcting a multitude of common    
errors in the use of language1 is mainly
 to offer assistance to such persons as 
need greater facilities for accurate    
expression in ordinary conversation4 ,it
 is not designed to suggest topics of   
talk1 nor to give rules or examples     
pointing out the proper modes of        
arranging them2 but simply to insure    
persons who often have a good thing to  
say1 from the confusion and             
mortification of improperly saying it4  
,this chapter of introduction will not1 
therefore1 be expected to present an    
essay on the general subject of         
conversation4  ,it may be remarked1     
however1 by way of admonitory hint to   
some1 that the most prominent error in  
the conversation of those who commit the
 most blunders1 does not consist in     
saying too little that amounts to much1 
but too much that amounts to little2    
talkativeness is a characteristic more  
commonly of the ignorant1 than of the   

wise4 ,shenstone says1 ,the common      
fluency of speech in many men1 and most 
women1 is owing to a scarcity of matter 
and a scarcity of words2 for whoever is 
master of a language1 and moreover has a
 mind full of ideas1 will be apt1 in    
speaking1 to hesitate upon the choice of
 both2 but common speakers have only one
 set of ideas and one set of words to   
clothe them in1--and these are always   
ready at the mouth4 ,just so1 people can
 come faster out of a church when it is 
almost empty1 than when a crowd is at   
the door6 ,but although1 according to   
the old proverb1 a still tongue denotes 
a wise head1 the faculty of speech      
should not be neglected1 merely because 
it may be misused4  ,conversation is not
 a gift bestowed only upon those whom   
genius favors2 on the contrary1 many men
 eminent for their fluency of style in  
writing1 have been noted for habitual   
taciturnity in their intercourse with   
society4 ,hazlitt remarked1 that authors
 should be read1 not heard6 ,charles    

,,ii4 of ,england1 not only the wittiest
 of monarchs1 but one of the liveliest  
of men1 is said to have been so charmed 
in reading the humor of ,butler's       
,hudibras1 that he disguised himself as 
a private gentleman1 and was introduced 
to the author1 whom1 to his             
astonishment1 he found to be one of the 
dullest of companions4 ,on the other    
hand1 some of the humblest men with whom
 one falls into company1 possessed of   
but little variety1 and less extent of  
information1 are highly entertaining    
talkers4 ,the particular topic of remark
 does not form so essential a part of an
 interesting conversation1 as the words 
and manner of those who engage in it4   
,robert ,burns1 sitting down on one     
occasion to write a poem1 said3         
,which way the subject theme may gang1  
,let time or chance determine2          
,perhaps it may turn out a sang1--      
,or probably a sermon4  ,in the same    
manner1 the subject of a conversation   
need not be made a matter of study1 or  

special preparation4 ,men may talk of   
things momentous or trivial1 and in     
either strain be alike attractive and   
agreeable4  ,but quitting the           
consideration of the thought1 to refer  
to the mode of its expression1 it must  
be remarked and insisted1 that to murder
 the king's ,english is hardly less a   
crime1 than to design against one of the
 king's subjects4 ,if committed from    
ignorance1 the fault is at least        
deplorable2 but if from carelessness1 it
 is inexcusable4 ,the greatest of       
sciences is that of language2 the       
greatest of human arts is that of using 
words4 ,no cunning hand of the artificer
 can contrive a work of mechanism that  
is to be compared1 for a moment1 with   
those wonderful masterpieces of         
ingenuity1 which may be wrought by him  
who can skilfully mould a beautiful     
thought into a form that shall preserve1
 yet radiate its beauty4 ,a mosaic of   
words may be made more fair1 than of    
inlaid precious stones4 ,the scholar who

 comes forth from his study1 a master of
 the ,english language1 is a workman who
 has at his command hardly less than a  
hundred thousand finely-tempered        
instruments1 with which he may fashion  
the most cunning device4 ,this is a     
trade which all should learn1 for it is 
one that every individual is called to  
practise4 ,the greatest support of      
virtue in a community is intelligence2  
intelligence is the outgrowth of        
knowledge2 and the almoner of all       
knowledge is language4 ,the possession1 
therefore1 of the resources1 and a      
command over the appliances of language1
 is of the utmost importance to every   
individual4 ,words are current coins of 
the realm1 and they who do not have them
 in their treasury1 suffer a more       
pitiable poverty than others who have   
not a penny of baser specie in their    
pocket2 and the multitude of those who  
have an unfailing supply1 but which is  
of the wrong stamp1 are possessed only  
of counterfeit cash1 that will not pass 

in circles of respectability4 ,the      
present work therefore is1 in some      
respects1 not unlike the ,detector      
issued for the merchants1 to indicate   
the great amount of worthless money that
 is in general circulation with the     
good4  ,it is not to be supposed that   
all the mistakes of daily occurrence in 
the use of language1 are to be numbered 
by five hundred--possibly not by five   
thousand2 but it is evident that he who 
is instructed against five hundred of   
his habitual blunders1 and enabled to   
steer clear of every one of them1 has in
 no slight degree improved his          
conversation1 and thereby increased his 
importance4 ,as a prefix1 or            
accompaniment1 to this catalogue of     
corrected mistakes1 the presentation of 
a few rules or principles of language1  
which1 strictly observed1 might guard   
against numerous general classes of     
errors1 would not be thought misplaced1 
or undesirable4 ,some suggestions on    
points most prominent are accordingly   

given among these introductory          
remarks--not in formal statements of    
grammatical rules1 but in examples in   
which the spirit of such rules is       
revealed4  ,not the least glaring among 
the many misuses of words and forms of  
expression in conversation1 occur by    
incorrectly employing the pronouns--who1
 which1 what1 and that4 ,it may be      
remarked1 that who should be applied    
exclusively to persons4 ,which usually  
refers to animals and inanimate objects1
 except in such an expression as1 ,tell 
me which of the two men was chosen8     
,what1 means that which3 thus1 ,this is 
the book what ,i wanted1 should read1   
,this is the book that 7or which7 ,i    
wanted4  ,among interrogatives1 who8    
inquires for the name2 which8 for the   
individual2 what8 for the character1 or 
occupation4 ,thus1 ,who built the       
bridge8 ,mr4 ,blake4 ,which of the      
,blakes8 ,charles ,blake4 ,what was he8 
,a distinguished civil engineer4  ,the  
title of a small book for young people1 

recently published1 was--,the ,way that 
,little ,children enter ,heaven3 the    
word that is here incorrectly used as a 
substitute for in which1 or by which4   
,when this and that1 and their plurals1 
are used in the sense of latter and     
former1 this and these signify the      
latter1 and that and those the former4  
,thus1 in the following couplet from    
,burns3    ,farewell my friends1        
farewell my foes1   ,my peace with      
these1 my love with those4  these refers
 to foes1 and those to friends4  ,in the
 possessive case of nouns1 some         
instances occur in which a wise choice  
may be made1 but in respect to which    
usage is divided4 ,thus1 we may say1    
,they called at ,walton's the           
bookseller's1 or1 with equal propriety1 
as far as custom is concerned1 at       
,walton the bookseller's4 ,the first    
form1 however1 is preferable4  ,the use 
of the hyphen - is frequently           
disregarded in epistolary               
correspondence1 occasioning not only a  

blemish but a blunder4 ,its importance  
may be seen by comparing the meaning of 
glass house with glass-house2 the former
 may mean the ,crystal ,palace1 while   
the latter is a manufactory of          
glass-ware4  ,adjectives are often      
improperly used for adverbs3 as1 extreme
 bad weather1 for extremely bad weather4
  ,it is sometimes difficult to choose  
between such phrases as the first three1
 and the three first4 ,to say first     
three when there is no second three is  
inelegant1 because superfluous2 and     
three first is absurd1 because          
impossible4 ,the most successful pupil  
in each of two classes at school would  
not improperly be called the two first  
boys2 while propriety would require that
 the first and second boys of the same  
class should be called the first two    
boys4 ,as a general rule1 and easy to be
 recollected1 let first be first4  ,the 
use of some for about is by many writers
 thought to be awkward3 as1 ,some fifty 
years ago1 instead of ,about ,fifty     

years4  ,an ambiguity occasionally      
arises in employing the adjective no4   
,thus1 ,no money is better than gold1   
may mean either that gold is the best   
kind of money1 or that gold is not so   
good as no money at all6  ,after        
numerals1 the words couple1 pair1 dozen1
 score1 hundred1 thousand1 and a few    
others1 need not take the plural form3  
thus1 custom first1 and finally grammar1
 have sanctioned such uses as1 three    
pair of shoes1 nine dozen bushels1 four 
couple of students2 also1 forty sail of 
vessels1 seventy head of cattle4  ,the  
article 7a or an7 renders an important  
service in such expressions as1 ,a few  
followed their leader throughout the    
long struggle4 ,to say1 ,few followed   
him1 would imply1 unlike the former     
phrase1 that he was almost deserted4  ,a
 black and a white horse1 suggests the  
idea of two horses2 while a black and   
white horse1 refers to but one--as if   
written a black-and-white horse4  ,the  
red and white dahlias were most admired1

 properly means the dahlias in which    
both these colors were blended4 ,the red
 and the white dahlias1 implies two     
species4  ,the grammatical number of a  
verb should agree with that of its      
subject1 and not of its predicate4      
,thus1 the sentences1 ,death is the     
wages of sin1 and ,the wages of sin are 
death1 are properly written4  ,in       
changing from a past tense to the       
present1 when the same nominative       
remains1 the form of the verb should    
continue unaltered4 ,thus1 instead of   
saying ,he was traveling and travels1   
say ,he was traveling and is traveling4 
,when a verb has both a singular and a  
plural nominative1 separated by or1 its 
number agrees with that of the nearer3  
as1 the cup or his billiards were his   
ruin2 or1 his billiards or the cup was  
his ruin4  ,custom--which1 when         
crystallized1 becomes grammar--allows   
expressions like ,the linen tears1 and  
,the meadow plows well1 although they   
should not be frequently employed1 and  

should be more seldom coined4  ,a       
fruitful source of mistakes in language1
 is in the linking together of two or   
more inappropriate tenses1 or in the    
misuse of one4 ,many among the learned  
and refined commit blunders of these    
kinds4 ,a few corrected examples of such
 are here given3  ,his text was1 that   
,god was love2 the sentence should be   
written1 ,his text was1 that ,god is    
love4  ,the ,lord hath given1 and the   
,lord hath taken away2 say1 ,the ,lord  
gave1 and the ,lord hath taken away4    
,they arrived before we left the city3  
say1 they had arrived4  ,all the        
brothers have been greatly indebted to  
their father3 say1 are indebted4  ,this 
painting was preserved and exhibited for
 the last century3 say1 has been        
preserved and exhibited4  ,it was the   
last act he intended to have performed4 
say1 to perform4  ,he drinks wine at    
dinner1 means that such is his habit2 he
 is drinking wine at dinner1 refers to  
one particular time and occasion4       

,adverbs are often inelegantly used     
instead of adjectives2 as1 the then     
ministry1 for the ministry of that time4
  ,of the phrases never so good1 or1    
ever so good1 as to whether one is      
preferable to the other1 authority is   
divided4 ,modern usage inclines to the  
latter1 while ancient preferred the     
former1 as in the ,scriptural           
expression1 charm he never so wisely4   
,yea and nay are not equivalent to yes  
and no2 the latter are directly         
affirmative and negative1 while the     
former are variously employed4  ,of     
prepositions1 it has been frequently    
said1 that no words in the language are 
so liable to be incorrectly used4 ,for  
example1 ,the love of ,god1 may mean    
either ,his love to us1 or1 our love to 
,him4  ,many more of these particles are
 inelegantly1 if not ambiguously used4  
,instead of the natives were a different
 race to what they are now1 say1        
different from4  ,he was made much on in
 the country3 say1 made much of4  ,in   

compliance of your request3 say1 in     
compliance with4  ,he doubts if his     
friend will come1 is not so elegant and 
accurate as1 ,he doubts whether his     
friend will come4  ,more instances might
 be given1 setting forth other frequent 
errors of speaking and writing1 at the  
risk1 however1 of destroying the due    
proportion which should exist between   
the size of a work and the length of the
 ,introduction4 ,but a good heed to what
 has been said in the few preceding     
paragraphs1 will enable a person who    
carefully reads this work to mend his   
modes of expression1 to no              
inconsiderable degree4 ,it is well known
 that there is no royal road to         
learning1 but if there were1 it could   
hardly be expected that such a little   
book as this would afford a passport to 
the end of the course4 ,about two       
hundred years ago1 a small volume was   
put forth by one ,john ,peters1 learned 
scholar and author1 which had the       
following long-winded title3 ,a ,new    

,way to make ,latin ,verses1 whereby any
 one of ordinary capacity1 that only    
knows the ,a1 ,b1 ,c and can count nine1
 though he understands not one word of  
,latin1 or what a verse means1 may be   
plainly taught to make thousands of     
,hexameter and ,pentameter ,verses1     
which shall be true ,latin1 true ,verse1
 and ,good ,sense6 ,the present volume  
must not be expected to accomplish so   
great a result as this--not having so   
comprehensive an aim1 nor possessing so 
great a secret of success4 ,but it is   
hoped that it may incite some who are   
unfortunately deficient in education1 to
 seek so much additional knowledge as   
shall enable them at least to converse  
in a dialect which is within the compass
 of the language of their country1 and  
free them from the imputation of        
belonging to another tribe of men1      
speaking another tongue4  ,a ,welshman1 
residing near ,caermarthon1 who was     
seldom seen at the only church in the   
parish of his residence1 was one day    

accosted by the worthy clergyman with   
the question1 ,my friend--to what church
 do you belong8 ,he responded1 ,to the  
,church of ,england4 ,ah1 replied the   
pastor1 ,i was sure that it must be some
 church out of ,wales6 ,there are not a 
few persons who speak the ,english      
language about as truly as the          
,caermarthon ,welshman attended the     
,english ,church6     ,,five ,,hundred  
,,mistakes ,,corrected4   #a4 ,the      
business would suit any one who enjoys  
bad health4 ,from an advertisement in a 
daily newspaper of ,new-,york4 ,few     
persons who have bad health can be said 
to enjoy it4 ,use some other form of    
expression3 as1 one in delicate health1 
or1 one whose health is bad4  #b4 ,we   
have no corporeal punishment here1 said 
a schoolmaster4 ,corporeal is opposed to
 spiritual4 ,say1 corporal punishment4  
,corporeal means having a body4  #c4    
,she is a notable woman1 as was said of 
the wife of the ,shepherd of ,salisbury 
,plain1--meaning careful1 and pronounced

 as though divided not-able4 ,this word 
is no longer current1 with this         
pronunciation or signification1 except  
to a slight extent in ,england4 ,it has 
become obsolete1 and its use now is in  
bad taste4  #d4 ,insert the             
advertisement in the ,weekly4 ,emphasize
 vert1 and not ise4  #e4 ,he rose up1   
and left the room3 leave out up1 as it  
is absurd to say rise down4 ,the        
,irishman who was hoisted down the coal 
pit1 did not observe this rule4  #f4    
,set down and rest yourself3 say sit    
down2 setting is said of the sun in the 
west1 but cannot be properly applied to 
a person taking a seat4 ,sit down is not
 improper1 though rise up 7as in ,no4   
#e7 should never be used4 ,sitting down 
expresses the act of appropriating a    
chair1 while sitting up means sitting   
erect4 ,sitting up also refers to       
watching during the night with the sick4
  #g4 ,you have sown it very neatly1    
said a seamstress to her apprentice3 say
 sewed1 and pronounce so as to rhyme    

with road4 ,the pronunciation of sew1   
meaning to use the needle1 violates its 
spelling2 it is the same as that of sow1
 meaning to scatter seed4  #h4 ,this is 
a secret between you and ,i3 say1 you   
and me4 ,the construction requires the  
objective case in place of ,i1 which is 
in the nominative4 ,it is in still      
better taste to say1 ,this is a secret  
with you and me4  #i4 ,let you and ,i   
take a walk3 say1 ,let you and me1 or1  
,let us4 ,who would think of saying1    
,let ,i go8 ,the expression ,let ,i and 
you is frequently heard1 which contains 
the additional impropriety of putting   
the first person before the second4     
#aj4 ,he is going to learn his brother  
,alfred how to knit nets3 say1 teach4   
,the act of communicating instruction is
 expressed by teaching1 the act of      
receiving it by learning4 ,the          
distinction between these words was made
 as early as the time of ,shakespeare1  
and cannot be violated without incurring
 censure4  #aa4 ,john and ,henry both   

read well1 but ,john is the best reader3
 say1 the better reader1 as best can be 
properly used only when three or more   
persons1 or objects1 are compared4  #ab4
 ,thompson was there among the rest4    
,this mode of expression1 which is very 
common1 literally declares an           
impossibility4 ,the signification of the
 rest is1 those in addition to          
,thompson1 and of which ,thompson formed
 no part2 he could not therefore be     
among them4 ,a more correct form would  
be1 ,thompson was there with the rest4  
#ac4 ,the two first cows are the        
fattest1 said a farmer at an            
agricultural fair4 ,he should have said1
 the first two2 there can be only one   
that is first--the other must           
necessarily be second4  #ad4 ,it is an  
error2 you are mistaken3 say1 you       
mistake4 ,mistaken means misapprehended2
 you mistake1 means you misapprehend4   
#ae4 ,have you lit the fire1 ,bridget8  
say1 lighted2 lit is now obsolete4  #af4
 ,to be is an auxiliary verb3 pronounce 

auxiliary as though spelled             
awg-zil-ya-re1 and not in five          
syllables4  #ag4 ,february3 this word is
 often incorrectly spelled by omitting  
the r4  #ah4 ,the ,miscellany was an    
interesting publication3 pronounce      
miscellany with the accent on mis1 and  
not on cel4  #ai4 ,celery is a pleasant 
vegetable3 pronounce celery as it is    
written1 and not salary4  #bj4 ,are you 
at leisure8 pronounce lei in leisure the
 same as lee4 ,the word should not rhyme
 with measure4  #ba4 ,john is my oldest 
brother3 say1 eldest4 ,elder and eldest 
are applied to persons--older and oldest
 to things4 ,usage1 however1 does not   
make these distinctions imperative4     
#bb4 ,the cloth was wove in a very short
 time3 say1 woven4  #bc4 ,i prefer the  
yolk of an egg to the white3 the more   
common word is yelk1 with the l sounded2
 but if yolk be used1 it should be      
pronounced like yoke4  #bd4             
,sparrowgrass3 it is only the grossest  
ignorance which confounds this word with

 asparagus4 ,the same is the case with  
ing-uns for onions4 ,a man in an obscure
 section of ,new ,jersey1 inquiring at a
 country store for onions1 was told that
 there were none in the place4 ,on his  
going out1 the storekeeper turned to    
half a dozen idlers sitting round the   
stove1 and said1 ,i wonder if that      
'tarnal fool meant ing-uns6  #be4 ,you  
are very mischievous3 pronounce         
mischievous with the accent on mis1 and 
not on chie1 and do not say mischievious
 7mis-cheev-yus74  #bf4 ,the following  
words were posted1 as a sign1 in a      
reading-room--,no ,talking ,allowed2    
which was designed to prohibit all      
conversation4 ,a wag altered the        
inscription so as to read1 ,no ,talking 
,aloud1 which 7he declared7 did not     
prevent whispering1 and chatting in low 
tones4 ,what shall be said of the       
following--,no ,smoking ,aloud8  #bg4   
,no extras or vacations3 from the       
prospectus of a schoolmistress3 say1    
,,nor vacations4  #bh4 ,he was never    

known to be covetous3 pronounce covetous
 as if written covet us1 and not        
covetyus4  #bi4 ,the ,three ,r4's4--,an 
ignorant and vain pedagogue1 on being   
asked what he could teach1 replied1 ,the
 three ,r4's--'ritin'1 'rethmetic1 and  
readin'4 ,any persons among the readers 
of this little book1 who may chance to  
be schoolmasters1 are warned against    
giving such a course of instruction4    
#cj4 ,dearly beloved brethren3 when     
beloved is placed before the noun1 as in
 this instance1 pronounce it in three   
syllables2 when placed after1 in two    
syllables1 as1 ,she was much be-loved by
 us all4 ,when used as a noun by itself1
 it is pronounced in three syllables2   
as1 ,be-lov-ed1 let us love one another4
  #ca4 ,not as ,i know3 say1 that ,i    
know4  #cb4 ,he came on purpose for to  
do it3 omit for4  #cc4 ,he would never  
believe but what ,i did it3 say1 but    
that ,i did it4  #cd4 ,he is quite as   
good as me3 say1 as good as ,i4 ,also1  
instead of as good as him1 say1 as good 

as he4 ,in both these instances am or is
 must be mentally supplied at the end of
 the phrase1 to suggest the meaning2 and
 the pronouns should1 therefore1 be in  
the nominative case4  #ce4 ,many an one 
has done the same3 say1 many a one4 ,a1 
and not an1 is also used before the long
 sound of u1 that is1 when u forms a    
distinct syllable of itself3 as1 a unit1
 a union1 a university3 it is also used 
before eu3 as1 a euphony1 and likewise  
before the word ewe3 as1 a ewe3 we      
should also say1 a youth1 not an youth4 
#cf4 ,how do you like these kind of     
pears8 say1 these kinds2 a noun in the  
singular number will not allow its      
adjective to be in the plural4  #cg4    
,you should have went home3 say1 gone4  
#ch4 ,john went with ,james and ,i3 say1
 ,james and me4  #ci4 ,i see him last   
,monday3 say1 saw him4  #dj4 ,he was    
averse from such a proceeding3 say1     
averse to4  #da4 ,have you shook the    
table-cloth8 say1 shaken4  #db4 ,i have 
rang several times3 say1 rung4  #dc4 ,i 

know'd him at once3 say1 knew4  #dd4    
,you have drank too much of it3 say1    
drunk4  #de4 ,he has chose a very poor  
pattern3 say1 chosen4  #df4 ,they have  
broke a window3 say1 broken4  #dg4 ,i   
have just began my letter3 say1 begun4  
#dh4 ,give me them books3 say1 those    
books4  #di4 ,whose are these here      
books8 say1 these books4 ,here is       
superfluous and inelegant4  #ej4 ,who do
 you mean8 say1 whom4  #ea4 ,the men    
which we saw3 say1 whom4  #eb4 ,the     
flowers what you have3 say1 which1 or   
that4  #ec4 ,the boy as is reading3 who 
is reading4  #ed4 ,it was them who did  
it3 say1 they4  #ee4 ,it is me who am in
 fault3 say1 ,it is ,i4  #ef4 ,was it   
her who called me8 say1 she4  #eg4 ,if  
,i were her1 ,i would accept his offer3 
say1 ,if ,i were she4  #eh4 ,he has got 
my slate3 omit got2 has is sufficient   
for the sense4 ,the addition of got1    
though not ungrammatical1 but gradually 
becoming obsolete1 does not in any      
degree strengthen the meaning4  #ei4    

,the pond is froze3 say1 frozen4  #fj4  
,i know ,i am him whom he meant3 say1 ,i
 am he4  #fa4 ,you cannot catch him3    
pronounce catch so as to rhyme with     
match1 and not ketch--as the fishermen  
are in the habit of saying4  #fb4 ,who  
done it8 say1 ,who did it8  #fc4 ,the   
club gives an impetus to the ball3      
pronounce impetus with the stress on im1
 and not on pe4  #fd4 ,spain and        
,portugal form a peninsula3 pronounce   
pen-in-su-la1 with the accent on in1 and
 not on su4  #fe4 ,sar-da-na-pa-lus3    
pronounce it with the accent on pa1 and 
not on ap4 ,the latter pronunciation    
cannot be changed for the former1       
without incurring a gross error4  #ff4  
,he must by this time be almost as far  
as the antipodes3 pronounce antipodes   
with the accent on tip1 and let des     
rhyme with ease2 it is a word of four   
syllables1 and not of three4  #fg4      
,vouchsafe3 a word seldom used1 but when
 used1 the first syllable should rhyme  
with pouch2 never say vousafe4  #fh4    

,the land in those parts is very        
fertile3 pronounce fertile so as to     
rhyme with myrtle4 ,ile in such words   
must be sounded as ill1 with the        
exception of exile1 senile1 gentile1    
reconcile1 and camomile1 in which ile   
rhymes with mile4  #fi4 ,benefited3     
often spelt benefitted1 but incorrectly4
  #gj4 ,gather a few ears of corn for   
dinner3 pronounce gather so as to rhyme 
with lather1 and not gether4  #ga4      
,purpose and propose3 these two words1  
which are often confounded1 are entirely
 distinct in meaning4 ,to purpose means 
to intend2 to propose means to offer a  
proposition4  #gb4 ,directing and       
addressing letters3 ,directing          
designates the persons to whom1 and the 
place to which the letter1 as a parcel1 
is to be sent2 addressing refers to the 
individual to whom1 as a communication1 
it is written4 ,a letter addressed to   
the ,president1 may be directed to his  
secretary4  #gc4 ,who do you think ,i   
saw yesterday8 say1 ,whom4  #gd4 ,a     

popular proverb is expressed in the     
following language3 ,of two evils choose
 the least2 say1 the less4 ,of no less  
than three evils can a person choose the
 least4  #ge4 ,exaggerate3 pronounce    
exad-gerate1 and do not sound agger as  
in dagger4  #gf4 ,ladies ,school3 the   
usual form1 but not correct2 write1     
,ladies' ,school4 ,the apostrophe 7'7 is
 thus used after nouns in the plural1   
and indicates possession4 ,in the       
singular1 it is placed before the s1 as1
 ,the lady's school4  #gg4 ,the         
following equivocal notice is said to   
swing out on a sign-board somewhere in  
the ,western country3 ,,smith           
,,huggs--,,select ,,school4--,smith     
teaches the boys1 and ,huggs the girls4 
,huggs needs correction6  #gh4 ,he keeps
 a chaise3 pronounce it shaze1 and not  
shay2 it has a regular plural1 chaises4 
#gi4 ,the drought lasted a long time3   
pronounce drought so as to rhyme with   
sprout1 and not drowth4  #hj4 ,the two  
friends conversed together for an hour3 

omit together1 as the full meaning of   
this word is implied in con1 which means
 with1 or together1 or in company4  #ha4
 ,the affair was compromised3 pronounce 
compromised in three syllables1 and     
place the accent on com1 sounding mised 
like prized4  #hb4 ,a steam-engine3     
pronounce engine with en as in pen1 and 
not like in2 also1 pronounce gine like  
gin4  #hc4 ,several of the trappers were
 massacred by the ,indians3 pronounce   
massacred with the accent on mas1 and   
red like erd1 as if massaker'd2 never   
say massacreed1 which is abominable4    
#hd4 ,the ,king of ,israel and the ,king
 of ,judah sat either of them on his    
throne3 say1 each of them4 ,either      
signifies the one or the other1 but not 
both4 ,each relates to two or more      
objects1 and signifies both of the two1 
or every one of any number taken singly4
 ,we can say1 either of the three1 for  
one of the three4  #he4 ,a respite was  
granted the convict3 pronounce respite  
with the accent on res1 and sound pite  

as pit4  #hf4 ,he soon returned back3   
leave out back1 which is implied by re  
in returned4  #hg4 ,the ship looked like
 a speck on the edge of the horizon3    
pronounce horizon with the accent on ri1
 and not on hor1 which is often the     
case4  #hh4 ,they were early at the     
sepulchre3 pronounce sepulchre with the 
accent on sep1 and not on the second    
syllable4  #hi4 ,i have often swam      
across the ,hudson3 say1 swum4  #ij4 ,i 
found my friend better than ,i expected 
to have found him3 say1 to find him4    
#ia4 ,i intended to have written a      
letter yesterday3 say1 to write2 as     
however long it now is since ,i thought 
of writing1 to write was then present to
 me1 and must still be considered as    
present1 when ,i recall that time and   
the thoughts of it4  #ib4 ,superfluous  
,r's3 ,many persons pronounce words     
which have no letter r in them1 exactly 
as though they had2 as drawring for     
drawing2 ,i sawr ,thomas1 for ,i saw1 c4
 ,some who do not insert a full-toned r1

 do worse by appending an ah to almost  
every word they utter4 ,they would do   
well to recall the reproof which the    
excellent ,rev4 ,john ,gruber           
administered to a brother in the        
ministry1 who was guilty of this habit4 
,that eccentric clergyman addressed a   
note to his friend1 as follows3 ,dear-ah
 ,sir-ah--,when-ah you-ah speak-ah in-ah
 public-ah1 take-ah my-ah ad-ah-vice-ah 
and-ah never-ah say-ah                  
ah-ah6--,,john-,,ah ,,gruber-,,ah4  #ic4
 ,shall and will are often confounded1  
or misused4 ,the following suggestion   
will be of service to the reader3 mere  
futurity is expressed by shall in the   
first person1 and by will in the second 
and third2 the determination of the     
speaker by will1 in the first1 and      
shall1 in the second and third4 ,for    
example3 ,i shall go by the way of      
,halifax1 simply expresses an event     
about to take place--as also you will1  
and they will3 ,i will expresses        
determination--as also you shall and    

they shall4 ,brightland has the         
following illustrative stanza3    ,in   
the first person simply shall foretells2
   ,in will a threat1 or else a promise1
 dwells4   ,shall1 in the second and the
 third1 does threat2--   ,will1 simply1 
then1 foretells the future feat4  #id4  
,without the grammatical form of a word 
can be recognized at a glance1 little   
progress can be made in reading the     
language3 from a work on the study of   
the ,latin language3 say1 ,unless the   
grammatical1 c4 ,the use of without for 
unless is a very common mistake4  #ie4  
,he claimed admission to the chiefest   
offices3 say1 chief4 ,chief1 right1     
supreme1 correct1 true1 universal1      
perfect1 consummate1 extreme1 c41 imply 
the superlative degree without adding   
est1 or prefixing most4 ,in language    
sublime or impassioned1 however1 the    
word perfect requires the superlative   
form1 to give it its fullest effect4    
#if4 ,i had rather do it now3 say1 ,i   
would rather do4 ,the incorrectness of  

the first form of expression is very    
clearly seen by cutting out rather1     
leaving ,i had do1 which is             
ungrammatical and meaningless4  #ig4 ,an
 obituary notice contained the following
 ludicrous statement3 ,he left a large  
circle of mourners1 embracing his       
amiable wife and children6 ,comprising  
should have been used1 instead of       
embracing4  #ih4 ,his court-of-arms is  
very splendid3 say1 coat-of-arms4  #ii4 
,they ride about in small carriages1    
which are called flies3 write the last  
word flys2 flies is the plural of fly1  
the insect4  #ajj4 ,victoria is ,queen  
of the ,united ,kingdom3 say1 ,united   
,kingdoms4 ,who ever speaks of the      
,united ,state of ,america8  #aja4 ,i   
have not traveled this twenty years3    
say1 these twenty years4  #ajb4 ,soldier
 arms6 ,say1 ,shoulder arms6 ,the latter
 is frequently corrupted into ,sojer    
arms6  #ajc4 ,he is very much the       
gentleman3 say1 ,he is a very           
gentlemanly man1 or1 ,he is very        

gentlemanly4  #ajd4 ,the yellow part of 
an egg is very nourishing3 never        
pronounce yellow so as to rhyme with    
tallow1 as we so often hear4  #aje4 ,we 
are going to the ,zoological ,gardens3  
pronounce ,zoological in five syllables1
 and place the accent on log in logical2
 sound log like lodge1 and the first two
 o's in distinct syllables2 never make  
,zool one syllable4  #ajf4 ,he strived  
to obtain an appointment3 say1 strove4  
#ajg4 ,he always preaches extempore3    
pronounce extempore in four syllables1  
with the accent on tem1 and never in    
three1 making pore to rhyme with        
sore--but with story4  #ajh4 ,allow me  
to suggest3 pronounce sug as to rhyme   
with mug1 and gest like jest2 never say 
sudjest4  #aji4 ,that building is an    
episcopal chapel3 pronounce episcopal   
with the accent on the second syllable1 
and not on co4  #aaj4 ,the ,emperor of  
,russia is a formidable sovereign3      
pronounce formidable with the accent on 
for1 and not on mid4  #aaa4 ,before the 

words heir1 herb1 honest1 honor1 and    
hour1 and their compounds1 instead of   
the article a1 we make use of an1 as the
 h is not sounded2 likewise before words
 beginning with h1 that are not accented
 on the first syllable3 such as heroic1 
historical1 hypothesis1 c41 as1 an      
heroic action2 an historical work2 an   
hypothesis that can scarcely be allowed4
 ,the letter h is seldom mute at the    
beginning of a word2 but from the       
negligence of tutors1 and the           
inattention of pupils1 many persons have
 become almost incapable of acquiring   
its just and full pronunciation4 ,it is1
 therefore1 incumbent on teachers to be 
particularly careful to inculcate a     
clear and distinct utterance of this    
sound4  #aab4 ,he was such an           
extravagant young man1 that he soon     
spent his whole patrimony4 ,this        
construction1 which is much used1 is not
 so elegant as1 ,he was so extravagant a
 young man1 c4  #aac4 ,the girl speaks  
distinct3 say1 distinctly4 ,never use   

,adjectives as ,adverbs4  #aad4 ,the    
accident of which he was reading1       
occurred not far from ,reading3         
pronounced the first italicized word to 
rhyme with feeding1 and the other1 with 
wedding4  #aae4 ,the combination of     
letters ough is pronounced in eight     
different ways1 as follows3 #a4 ,though1
 in which it is pronounced o2 #b4       
,through1 pronounced oo2 #c4 ,plough1   
ow2 #d4 ,sought1 awe2 #e4 ,cough1 off2  
#f4 ,rough1 uff2 #g4 ,borough1 ugh2 #h4 
,lough1 ok4 ,the following sentence1    
which is of doubtful authorship1 affords
 an example of each of these eight modes
 of pronunciation3 ,i put 7#a7 dough    
7#f7 enough in the 7#e7 trough near the 
7#c7 slough by the 7#h7 lough1 to last  
the ducks that ,i 7#d7 bought at the    
7#g7 borough 7#b7 through the day4      
#aaf4 ,i saw his august majesty1 the    
,emperor of ,hayti1 last ,august3       
pronounce the former word with the      
accent on gust2 the latter1 on ,au4     
#aag4 ,she is quite the lady3 say1 ,she 

is very lady-like in her demeanor4      
#aah4 ,he is seldom or ever out of town3
 say1 seldom or never1 or1 seldom if    
ever4  #aai4 ,we laid down to sleep3    
say1 we lay down1 c4 ,we can say1       
however1 we laid him down to sleep4     
#abj4 ,it is somewhat singular1 that    
while tie and untie convey meanings     
directly opposite1 loose and unloose    
signify precisely the same thing4 ,loose
 is the original word1 and unloose is a 
corruption2 both words1 however1 are now
 sanctioned by good usage1 and may be   
indiscriminately employed1 without      
offence against propriety4  #aba4 ,it is
 dangerous to walk of a slippery        
morning3 say1 on a slippery morning4    
,but the expression1 walking on a       
slippery morning1 and all others like   
it1 of which a strictly literal         
interpretation will not give the        
designed signification1 are to be       
avoided4 ,they often excite a smile when
 seriousness is intended4  #abb4 ,he who
 makes himself famous by his eloquence1 

makes illustrious his origin1 let it be 
never so mean3 say1 ever so mean4 ,the  
practice of using never in such phrases 
was anciently in vogue1 but is now      
becoming obsolete4 7,see ,introduction47
  #abc4 ,his reputation is acknowledged 
through ,europe3 say1 throughout        
,europe4  #abd4 ,the bank of the river  
is frequently overflown3 say1           
overflowed4 ,flown is the perfect       
participle of fly1 flying2 flowed1 of   
flow1 flowing4  #abe4 ,i doubt if this  
will ever reach you3 say1 whether this1 
c4  #abf4 ,it is not improbable but ,i  
may be able to procure you a copy3 say1 
that ,i may1 c4  #abg4 ,he was exceeding
 kind to me3 say1 exceedingly kind4     
#abh4 ,i doubt not but ,i shall be able3
 say1 that ,i shall4  #abi4 ,i lost near
 twenty pounds3 say1 nearly1 or almost4 
#acj4 ,there were not over twenty       
persons present3 say1 more than4 ,such a
 use of this word is not frequent among 
writers of reputation4 ,it may1 however1
 be less improperly employed1 where the 

sense invests it with more of a         
semblance to its literal signification3 
as1 ,this pair of chickens will weigh   
over seven pounds4 ,even in this case1  
it is better to say more than4  #aca4   
,bills are requested to be paid         
quarterly3 the bills are not requested1 
but the persons who owe them4 ,say      
instead1 ,it is requested that bills be 
paid quarterly4  #acb4 ,there can be no 
doubt but that he will succeed3 omit    
but4  #acc4 ,it was no use asking him   
any more questions3 say1 of no use to   
ask him1 or there was no use in asking1 
c4  #acd4 ,the ,americans said they had 
no right to pay taxes4 ,from a ,fourth  
of ,july ,oration4 ,they certainly had a
 right to pay them1 if they wished4     
,what the speaker meant was1 they were  
under no obligation to pay1 or1 they    
were not bound to pay4  #ace4 ,he       
intends to stop at home for a few days3 
it is more elegant to say stay4 ,if the 
time1 however1 should be very brief1    
stop would better express the idea2 as1 

,we stopped at ,elmira about twenty     
minutes4  #acf4 ,at this time1 ,i grew  
my own corn3 say1 ,i raised4 ,farmers   
have made this innovation against good  
taste2 but for what reason1 it is not   
apparent2 there seems to be no          
sufficient occasion for so awkward a    
substitute for raised4  #acg4 ,having   
incautiously laid down on the damp      
grass1 he caught a severe cold3 say1    
lain down4  #ach4 ,we suffered no other 
inconvenience but that arising from the 
rain3 say1 than that1 c4 ,but1 to be    
properly used in this sentence1 would   
require the omission of other4  #aci4   
,brutus and ,aruns killed one another3  
say1 each other1 which is more proper4  
,but many similar instances which occur 
in the ,new ,testament1 as1 ,beloved1   
love one another1 and others no less    
beautiful and cherished1 have rendered  
this form of expression common1 and     
almost unexceptionable4  #adj4 ,in a    
recently issued work on ,arithmetic1 the
 following is given3 ,if for #gb cents  

,i can buy #i lbs4 of raisins1 how much 
can ,i purchase for #ad #di8 say1 what  
quantity can ,i1 c4 ,who would think of 
saying1 how much raisins8  #ada4 ,,words
 ,,to ,,be ,,carefully                  
,,distinguished4--,be very careful to   
distinguish between indite and indict   
7the former meaning to write1 and the   
latter to accuse72 key and quay2        
principle and principal2 marshal and    
martial2 counsel and council2 counsellor
 and councillor2 fort and forte2 draft  
and draught2 place and plaice 7the      
latter being the name of a fish72 stake 
and steak2 satire and satyr2 stationery 
and stationary2 ton and tun2 levy and   
levee2 foment and ferment2 fomentation  
and fermentation2 petition and          
partition2 ,francis and ,frances2 dose  
and doze2 diverse and divers2 device and
 devise2 wary and weary2 salary and     
celery2 radish and reddish2 treble and  
triple2 broach and brooch2 ingenious and
 ingenuous2 prophesy and prophecy 7some 
clergymen sounding the final syllable of

 the latter word long1 like the former72
 fondling and foundling2 lightning and  
lightening2 genus and genius2 desert and
 dessert2 currier and courier2 pillow   
and pillar2 executer and executor 7the  
former being the regular noun from the  
verb to execute1 and the latter a       
strictly legal term72 ridicule and      
reticule2 lineament and liniment2 track 
and tract1 lickerish and licorice       
7lickerish signifying dainty1 and       
licorice being a plant1 or preparation  
from it72 statute and statue2 ordinance 
and ordnance2 lease and leash2 recourse 
and resource2 straight and strait       
7straight meaning direct1 and strait1   
narrow72 immerge and emerge2 style and  
stile2 compliment and complement2 bass  
and base2 contagious and contiguous2    
eminent and imminent2 eruption and      
irruption2 precedent and president2     
relic and relict4  #adb4 ,the number of 
emigrants arriving in this country is   
increasing and alarming3 say1           
immigrants4 ,emigrants are those going  

out from a country2 immigrants1 those   
coming into it4  #adc4 ,i prefer        
radishes to cucumbers3 pronounce        
radishes exactly as spelt1 and not      
redishes2 also1 the first syllable of   
cucumber like fu in fuel1 and not as if 
the word were spelled cowcumber4  #add4 
,the two last letters were dated from   
,calcutta3 say1 the last two1 c4  #ade4 
,the soil in those islands is so very   
thin1 that little is produced in them   
beside cocoa-nut trees3 beside cocoa-nut
 trees means strictly alongside1 or by  
the side1 of them4 ,besides1 or except1 
should be used4 ,besides also signifies 
in addition to3 as1 ,i sat beside the   
,president1 and conversed with him      
besides4  #adf4 ,he could neither read  
nor write3 say1 more properly1 write nor
 read4 ,all persons who can write can   
read1 but not all who read can write4   
,this sentence1 as corrected1 is much   
stronger than in the other form4  #adg4 
,he was bred and born among the hills of
 the ,hudson3 say1 born and bred1 which 

is the natural order4  #adh4 ,,this     
,,house ,,to ,,let3 more properly1 to be
 let4  #adi4 ,here1 there1 where1 with  
verbs of motion1 are generally better   
than hither1 thither1 whither2 as1 ,come
 here2 ,go there4 ,hither1 thither1 and 
whither1 which were used formerly1 are  
now considered stiff and inelegant4     
#aej4 ,as far as ,i am able to judge1   
the book is well written3 say1 ,so far  
as1 c4  #aea4 ,it is doubtful whether he
 will act fairly or no3 say1 fairly or  
not4  #aeb4 ,the camelopard is the      
tallest of known animals3 pronounce     
camelopard with the accent on mel2 never
 say camel leopard4 ,few words1 by being
 mispronounced1 occasion greater        
blunders than this term4  #aec4 ,he ran 
again me2 or1 ,i stood again the        
hydrant3 say1 against4 ,this word is    
frequently and inelegantly abbreviated1 
in pronunciation1 into agin4  #aed4 ,no 
one should incur censure for being      
careful of their good character3 say1 of
 his 7or her74  #aee4 ,the yacht        

capsized in rounding the stake-boat1 and
 the helmsman was drownded3 say1        
drowned4  #aef4 ,jalap will be of       
service to you3 pronounce the word as it
 is spelled1 never saying jollop4  #aeg4
 ,the word curiosity1 though a very     
common term1 and one that should be     
correctly pronounced by everybody1 is   
frequently called curosity4  #aeh4 ,he  
has just set out to take a tour3        
pronounce tour so as to rhyme with poor4
 ,be careful to avoid saying1 take a    
tower2 such a pronunciation might       
suggest the ,mamelon1 instead of a trip 
of travel4  #aei4 ,the storm is ceased1 
and the sky is clear3 say1 has ceased4  
#afj4 ,do you know who this dog-headed  
cane belongs to8 say1 whom4 ,in         
expressing in writing the idea conveyed 
in this question1 a better form of      
sentence would be1 ,do you know to whom 
this belongs8 ,in familiar conversation1
 however1 the latter mode might be      
thought too formal and precise4  #afa4  
,who did you wish to see8 say1 whom4    

#afb4 ,whom say ye that ,i am8 ,this is 
the ,english translation1 given in ,luke
 ix4 #bj1 of the question of ,christ to 
,peter4 ,the word whom should be who4   
,other instances of grammatical         
inaccuracies occur in the ,bible2 for   
example1 in the ,sermon on the ,mount1  
the ,saviour says3 ,lay not up for      
yourselves treasures on earth1 where    
moth and rust doth corrupt1 c4 ,moth and
 rust make a plural nominative to doth  
corrupt1 a singular verb4 ,the          
following1 however1 is correct3 ,but lay
 up for yourselves treasures in heaven1 
where neither moth nor rust doth        
corrupt4  #afc4 ,the word chimney is    
sometimes called incorrectly chimley and
 chimbley4  #afd4 ,i was walking towards
 home3 pronounce towards so as to rhyme 
with boards2 never say1 to-wards4  #afe4
 ,a courier is expected from            
,washington3 pronounce cou in courier so
 as to rhyme with too1 never like       
currier2 the two words have entirely    
distinct significations4  #aff4 ,let    

each of us mind their own business3 say1
 his own business4  #afg4 ,who made that
 noise8 ,not me3 say1 ,not ,i4  #afh4   
,is this or that the best road8 say1 the
 better road4  #afi4 ,rinse your mouth3 
pronounce rinse as it is written1 and   
never rense4 ,rench your mouth1 said a  
fashionable dentist one day to a        
patient4 ,you have already wrenched it  
for me1 was the reply4  #agj4 ,he was   
tired of the dust of the town1 and flew 
to the pure air of the country3 say1    
fled4 ,flew is part of the verb to fly2 
fled1 of to flee4  #aga4 ,the first     
edition was not as well printed as the  
present3 say1 so well1 c4  #agb4 ,the   
,unabridged ,dictionary was his greatest
 work1 it being the labor of a          
life-time3 pronounce ,dictionary as if  
written ,dik-shun-a-ry2 not1 as is too  
commonly the practice1 ,dixonary4  #agc4
 ,i should feel sorry to be beholding to
 him3 say1 beholden4  #agd4 ,he is a    
despicable fellow1 and such an epitaph  
is strictly applicable to him3 never    

place the accent in despicable and      
applicable on the second syllable1 but  
always on the first4  #age4 ,some       
disaster has certainly befell him3 say1 
befallen4  #agf4 ,carefully distinguish 
between sergeant and serjeant3 both are 
pronounced sarjant1 but the former is   
used in a military sense1 and the latter
 applied to a lawyer4 ,these            
distinctions are1 however1 observed     
chiefly in ,england4  #agg4 ,she is a   
pretty creature3 never pronounce        
creature like creetur4  #agh4 ,the      
following expression would be of special
 significance on coming from a surgeon  
or anatomist3 ,desiring to know your    
friend better1 ,i took him apart to     
converse with him4 ,it has been said    
that two persons who take each other    
apart1 frequently do so for the express 
purpose of putting their heads together4
  #agi4 ,i am very wet1 and must go and 
change myself3 say1 change my clothes4  
#ahj4 ,he is taller than me3 say1 than  
,i4  #aha4 ,he is much better than me3  

say1 than ,i4  #ahb4 ,you are stronger  
than him3 say1 than he4  #ahc4 ,that is 
the moot point3 say1 disputed point4    
,the other word is inelegant1 and nearly
 obsolete4  #ahd4 ,they are at          
loggerheads3 this is an extremely       
unpoetical figure to express the mutual 
relations of two individuals who have an
 honest difference2 say1 at variance1 or
 use some other form of expression4 ,it 
might just as well be said1 ,they are at
 tadpoles6  #ahe4 ,he paid a florin to  
the florist3 divide the syllables so as 
to pronounce like flor-in and flo-rist4 
#ahf4 ,his character is undeniable3 a   
very common expression3 say1            
unexceptionable4  #ahg4 ,bring me the   
lantern3 never spell lantern--lanthorn4 
#ahh4 ,the room is twelve foot long1 and
 nine foot broad3 say1 twelve feet1 nine
 feet4  #ahi4 ,he is a ,highlander3     
never say1 ,heelander4  #aij4 ,he is    
singular1 though regular in his habits1 
and also very particular3 beware of     
leaving out the u in singular1 regular1 

and particular1 which is a very common  
practice4  #aia4 ,they are detained at  
,france3 say1 in ,france4  #aib4 ,he    
lives at ,new-,york3 say1 in ,new-,york4
  #aic4 ,he is very dry 7meaning        
thirsty71 is a very common and very     
improper word to use3 say1 thirsty4     
#aid4 ,no less than fifty persons were  
there3 say1 fewer1 c4 ,less refers to   
quantity2 fewer to number4  #aie4 ,such 
another victory1 and we shall be ruined3
 say1 ,another such victory1 c4  #aif4  
,it is some distance1 from our house3   
say1 at some distance1 c4  #aig4 ,i     
shall call upon him3 say1 on him4  #aih4
 ,remove those trestles3 pronounce      
trestles exactly as written1 only       
leaving out the t2 never say trussles4  
#aii4 ,he is much addicted to raillery3 
in pronouncing raillery1 leave out the  
i2 never say1 rail-le-ry4  #bjj4 ,he is 
a ,doctor of ,medicine3 pronounce       
medicine in three syllables1 ,,never in 
two4  #bja4 ,they told me to enter in3  
leave out in1 as it is implied in enter4

  #bjb4 ,his strength is failing3 never 
say1 strenth4  #bjc4 ,give me both of   
those books3 leave out of4  #bjd4       
,whenever ,i try to write well1 ,i      
always find ,i can do it3 leave out     
always1 which is unnecessary and        
improper4  #bje4 ,he plunged down into  
the stream3 leave out down4  #bjf4 ,i   
never saw his nephew3 say1 nef-ew2 never
 nev-u1 or nevvey4  #bjg4 ,she is the   
matron3 say1 may-tron1 and not mat-ron4 
#bjh4 ,give me leave to tell you3 never 
say lief for leave4  #bji4 ,the height  
is considerable3 pronounce height so as 
to rhyme with tight2 never hate nor     
heighth4 ,an instance occurs in         
,paradise ,lost in which this word is   
spelled and pronounced highth4  #baj4   
,who has my scissors8 never call        
scissors1 sithers4  #baa4 ,he has       
obtained a good situation3 pronounce    
situation as if written sit-you-a-tion1 
and do not say1 sitch-u-a-tion4  #bab4  
,i had as lief do it as not3 lief means 
willingly1 gladly1 and is not to be     

confounded with leave1 as in example    
,no4 #bjh4  #bac4 ,first of all ,i shall
 give you a lesson in ,french1 and last 
of all in music3 omit of all in both    
instances1 as unnecessary4  #bad4 ,i    
shall have finished by the latter end of
 the week3 leave out latter1 which is   
superfluous4  #bae4 ,they sought him    
throughout the whole country3 leave out 
whole1 which is implied in throughout4  
#baf4 ,iron sinks down in water3 leave  
out down4  #bag4 ,a warrant was issued  
out for his apprehension3 leave out the 
word out1 which is implied in issued4   
#bah4 ,if you inquire for why ,i did so1
 ,i can give a very good reason3 leave  
out for4  #bai4 ,i own that ,i did not  
come soon enough2 but because why8 ,i   
was detained3 leave out because4  #bbj4 
,i cannot by no means allow it3 say1 ,i 
can by no means1 c42 or1 ,i cannot by   
any means1 c4  #bba4 ,he covered it     
over3 leave out over4  #bbb4 ,i bought a
 new pair of shoes3 say1 a pair of new  
shoes4  #bbc4 ,he combined together     

these facts3 leave out together4  #bbd4 
,my brother called on me1 and we both   
took a walk3 leave out both1 which is   
unnecessary4  #bbe4 ,evil spirits are   
not occupied about the dead corpses of  
bad men3 leave out dead1 which is       
altogether unnecessary1 as it is implied
 in the word corpses1 corpse and dead   
body being strictly synonymous4  #bbf4  
,he has gone to the ,lyceum3 pronounce  
,lyceum with the accent on the second   
syllable1 and not on the first4  #bbg4  
,this is a picture of ,westminster      
,abbey3 never say ,westminister1 as if  
there were two words1 ,west-minister4   
#bbh4 ,we are going to take a holiday3  
this word was originally spelled and    
pronounced holyday1 being compounded of 
the two words holy 7meaning set apart7  
and day4 ,custom1 however1 has changed  
the orthography from y to i1 and made   
the first syllable rhyme with ,poll4    
#bbi4 ,it was referred to the ,committee
 on ,ways and ,means3 emphasize the     
second1 not the first syllable4  #bcj4  

,he is now settled in ,worcester3       
pronounce as if written ,wooster4       
,gloucester and ,leicester are          
pronounced ,gloster and ,lester4 ,the   
termination cester or chester1 occurring
 in the names of many ,english towns1 is
 derived and corrupted from the ,latin  
,castra1 camps2 and every town so named 
is supposed to have been the site of a  
camp of soldiers1 during the possession 
of ,britain by the ,romans4  #bca4      
,relatives and ,relations3 both these   
words designate kinsfolk1 and are in    
most instances used indiscriminately4   
,relatives1 however1 is by some deemed  
the more proper and elegant4  #bcb4     
,what a long lirry he has to say6 ,this 
word should be pronounced and spelt     
lurry2 its more general meaning is a    
heap1 a throng1 a crowd1 but is often   
applied to a long dull speech4  #bcc4   
,diamonds are charcoals3 pronounce      
diamonds in three syllables4  #bcd4     
,honor to the patriot and the sage3     
divide the syllables like pa-tri-ot1 not

 pat-ri-ot4 ,irish rowdyism has been    
called ,pat-riot-ism4  #bce4 ,do you    
believe that he will receive my letter8 
observe that in the former word the     
diphthong is ie1 and in the latter ei4  
,a convenient rule for the spelling of  
such words is the following3 c takes ei 
after it2 all other consonants are      
followed by ie3--as1 deceive1 reprieve4 
#bcf4 ,he is now confirmed in idiotcy3  
say1 idiocy2 the t in idiot is dropped  
in forming the word4  #bcg4 ,he raised  
the national standard3 pronounce the    
first two syllables like the word       
nation1 never as if written nash-ion-al4
  #bch4 ,principal and ,principle3 be   
careful to observe the distinction      
between these words4 ,principal         
signifies chief2 principle1 motive4     
#bci4 ,he favors the ,anti-,slavery     
reform3 pronounce ,anti with a distinct 
sounding of the i2 else the word becomes
 ante1 which means not against1 but     
before1--as ante-deluvian1 signifying   
before the ,deluge4  #bdj4 ,cincinnati  

is often misspelled ,cincinnatti4 ,the  
name is derived from ,cincinnatus1 a    
celebrated ,roman4  #bda4 ,her dress was
 made of moir antique3 moir antique is  
an article of watered silk1 very well   
known to the shopping sisterhood1 but   
very frequently called ,murray ,antique4
  #bdb4 ,it was mentioned in a          
,californian newspaper3 say1 ,california
 newspaper4 ,no one says ,philadelphian1
 or ,chicagonian journal4  #bdc4 ,the   
lecture was characterized as a brilliant
 performance3 accent the first1 and not 
the second syllable4  #bdd4 ,this is one
 of the traditions of ,st4 ,helena3     
accent le1 and not ,hel4  #bde4 ,the boy
 was found by a washwoman3 say1         
washerwoman4  #bdf4 ,st4 ,john's is     
about two days nearer ,england than     
,halifax4 ,from an account1 in a        
,new-,york newspaper1 of the ,submarine 
,telegraph ,expedition1 ,september1     
#ahee4 ,does it mean that ,st4 ,john's  
is nearer to ,england than ,halifax is1 
or nearer to ,england than to ,halifax8 

#bdg4 ,he wears a blue-spotted          
neck-handkerchief3 say1 neckerchief1 or1
 still better1 neck-cloth1 or cravat4   
,the original word is kerchief1 and not 
handkerchief1 which is a kerchief for   
the hand4  #bdh4 ,the city was illumined
 in honor of the victory3 better say1   
illuminated4 ,distinguish between the   
pronunciation of illumined and          
ill-omened4  #bdi4 ,she has brought the 
cloze pins in a bag3 say1 clothes' pins4
  #bej4 ,he met with luck3 say either   
bad luck1 or good luck2 luck primarily  
refers to simple chance1 although its   
derivatives1 lucky and luckily1 imply   
only good fortune4  #bea4 ,the in-va-lid
 signed a deed1 that was in-val-id3     
pronounce the former invalid with the   
accent on the first syllable2 the       
latter1 with the accent on the second4  
#beb4 ,the duke discharged his duty4 ,be
 careful to give the slender1 clear     
sound of u4 ,avoid saying dook and      
dooty1 or doo for dew or due4 ,say      
flute1 not floot2 suit1 not soot2 mute1 

not moot4 ,as well might you say bute   
for boot1 or shute for shoot4  #bec4    
,genealogy1 geography1 and geometry are 
words of ,greek derivation3 beware of   
saying geneology1 jography1 and jometry1
 a very common practice4  #bed4 ,he made
 out the inventory3 place the accent in 
inventory on the syllable in1 and       
,,never on ven4  #bee4 ,he deserves     
chastisement3 say1 chas-tiz-ment1 with  
the accent on chas1 and ,,never on tise4
  #bef4 ,he threw the rind away3 never  
call rind1 rine4  #beg4 ,his knowledge  
is very great3 always pronounce         
knowledge so as to rhyme with college1  
and ,,never say know-ledge4  #beh4 ,they
 contributed to his maintenance3        
pronounce maintenance with the accent on
 main1 and never say maintainance4      
#bei4 ,she wears a silk gown3 never say 
gownd4  #bfj4 ,maine is a maritime      
,state3 pronounce the last syllable of  
maritime so as to rhyme with rim4  #bfa4
 ,they desisted from their design3      
pronounce the former s in desisted with 

a soft sound1 and always pronounce      
design as if written de-zine4  #bfb4    
,they committed a heinous crime3        
pronounce heinous as if spelled hay-nus2
 ,,never call the word hee-nus or       
hain-yus4  #bfc4 ,he hovered about the  
enemy3 pronounce hovered so as to rhyme 
with covered4  #bfd4 ,he is a powerful  
ally3 never place the accent on al in   
ally1 as many do4  #bfe4 ,we have never 
been called1 almost1 to the             
consideration of the ,apocalypse1       
without finding fresh reasons for our   
opinion4 ,such are the words of a very  
eminent reviewer4 ,he should have said1 
,we have scarcely ever been called1 or1 
we have almost never4  #bff4 ,he is very
 bigoted3 never spell the last word with
 double t1 a very common mistake4  #bfg4
 ,the ,weekly ,tribune has a large      
circulation3 pronounce ,tribune as if   
divided ,trib-une1 and not ,try-bune4   
#bfh4 ,he said as how you was to do it3 
say1 he said that you were to do it4    
#bfi4 ,never say1 ,i acquiesce with you1

 but1 ,i acquiesce in your proposal1 in 
your opinion1 c4  #bgj4 ,he is a        
distinguished antiquarian3 say1         
antiquary4 ,antiquarian is an adjective2
 antiquary1 a noun4  #bga4 ,an          
injudicious disposition of a clause in a
 sentence frequently creates great      
merriment in the reading4 ,in           
,goldsmith's ,history of ,england1 a    
book remarkable for its carelessness of 
style1 we find the following            
extraordinary sentence1 in one of the   
chapters of the reign of ,queen         
,elizabeth3 ,this a communication to    
,mary ,queen of ,scots they effected by 
conveying their letters to her by means 
of a brewer that supplied the family    
with ale through a chink in the wall of 
her apartment4 ,a queer brewer that--to 
supply ale through a chink in the wall6 
,how easy the alteration to make the    
passage clear6 ,this they effected by   
conveying their letters to her through a
 chink in the wall of her apartment1 by 
means of a brewer that supplied the     

family with ale4  #bgb4 ,lavater wrote  
on ,physiognomy3 in the last word sound 
the g distinctly1 as g is always        
pronounced before n1 when it is not in  
the same syllable2 as1 indignity1 c4    
#bgc4 ,she is a very amiable girl3      
pronounce girl as if written gurl2 gal  
is a vulgarism2 gehl or gul is an       
affectation of which many polite persons
 are guilty4  #bgd4 ,he built a large   
granary3 do not pronounce granary so as 
to rhyme with tannery4 ,call the word   
grainary4 ,both pronunciations1 however1
 are given by scholars4  #bge4 ,beware  
of using ,oh6 and ,o indiscriminately3  
,oh6 is used to express the emotion of  
pain1 sorrow1 or surprise2 as1 ,oh6 the 
exceeding grace of ,god4 ,o is used to  
express wishing1 exclamation1 or a      
direct address to a person2 as1    ,o   
mother1 will the ,god above   ,forgive  
my faults like thee8  #bgf4 ,be careful 
to sound distinctly the r in such words 
as farther1 martyr1 charter1 murder1 c4 
,never say1 fah-ther1 mah-tyr1 chah-ter 

and muh-der4 ,on the other hand1 avoid  
trilling the r1 as mur-er-der1          
r'r'robber4 ,it is altogether too       
tragical for common life4  #bgg4 ,the   
,duke of ,wellington was an ,irishman1  
but knew nothing of the ,irish language3
 beware of saying ,ierishman for        
,irishman1 or ,ierish for ,irish2 a very
 common mistake1 which the              
,know-,nothings are quick to detect4    
#bgh4 ,he did it unbeknown to us3 say1  
unknown1 c4  #bgi4 ,he lives in         
affluence1 as he is in affluent         
circumstances3 beware of placing the    
accent in affluence and affluent on the 
syllable flu instead of on af1 a very   
common error4  #bhj4 ,if ,i say1 ',they 
retreated back1' ,i use a word that is  
superfluous1 as back is implied in the  
syllable re in retreated3 never place   
the accent on flu in superfluous1 but   
always on per4  #bha4 ,in reading       
,paley's ',evidences of ,christianity1' 
,i unexpectedly lit on the passage ,i   
wanted3 say1 met with the passage1 c4   

#bhb4 ,a gentleman having selected a    
book from the library shelves of the    
,mechanics' ,institute1 went to the     
librarian to have the volume registered 
under his name1 and said1 ,i have taken 
the life of ,julius ,csar4 ,i shall     
then1 responded the librarian1 charge   
the work to ,mr4 ,brutus6 ,be careful   
how you take the lives of distinguished 
men4  #bhc4 ,he has a bayonet to his    
gun3 never say baggonet4 ,this error is 
a peculiarity of the ,wiltshire dialect1
 in ,england4 ,in an old ,wiltshire song
 the following stanza occurs3    ,a     
hornet zet in a holler tree1   ,a proper
 spiteful twoad was he2   ,and merrily  
zung while he did zet1--   ,his sting as
 sharp as a baggonet4  #bhd4 ,aunt      
,deborah is down with the rheumatiz3    
say1 rheumatism2 this is one among the  
isms1 though a very unpopular one4      
#bhe4 ,it is obligatory upon every      
honest man to go to the polls to-day3   
accent lig1 and not ga4  #bhf4 ,on the  
contrary3 accent con1 not tra4 ,the old 

song takes up with a bad pronunciation1 
for the sake of a good rhyme3           
,mistress ,mary1       ,quite contrary1 
,how does your garden grow8  #bhg4 ,that
 is altogether above my bend3 say1 out  
of my power4  #bhh4 ,he has             
absquatulated1 and taken the specie with
 him3 absconded is a more classical     
word4  #bhi4 ,it's eenamost time we had 
started3 say1 almost4  #bij4 ,i haven't 
ary one3 say1 ,i have neither1 or1 ,i   
haven't either4  #bia4 ,that man is in a
 bad box3 say1 bad predicament1 or bad  
situation4  #bib4 ,it may be doubted    
whether to say of a man that he barked  
up the wrong tree1 is a complimentary or
 elegant metaphor4  #bic4 ,i will retain
 two-thirds1 and give you the balance3  
say1 remainder4  #bid4 ,i calculate to  
go by steam3 say1 ,i expect4  #bie4     
,avoid using the phrase ,i cave in1 for 
,i give up4 ,it savors of slang4  #bif4 
,do not say1 chicken fixings1 for       
trifles1 or extras1 connected with      
dress4  #big4 ,he is a cute man3 this is

 an inelegant abbreviation of acute1 and
 employed to mean smart4 ,it may1       
however1 be properly applied to         
,yankees6  #bih4 ,he dickered with him  
an hour3 say1 he bargained4 ,this is a  
word somewhat peculiar to ,new-,york4   
#bii4 ,do don't is a vulgar usage of the
 ,southern ,states1 especially ,georgia1
 for do not4  #cjj4 ,he is done gone3   
say1 ruined4  #cja4 ,we had a dreadful  
fine time3 say1 very1 or exceedingly4   
#cjb4 ,it rains1 and ,i want an umbrella
 the worst kind3 say1 ,i am greatly in  
want1 c4 ,an umbrella of the worst kind 
would not be likely to answer the best  
of purposes on a rainy day6  #cjc4 ,the 
whole concern fizzled out3 say1 proved a
 failure4  #cjd4 ,as soon as ,i         
mentioned it to him1 he flared up3 say1 
he became excited1 or grew violent4     
#cje4 ,the choir sang ,old ,hundred3    
pronounce ,hundred as written1 and not  
,hunderd4  #cjf4 ,the message was sent  
by his aid-de-camp3 pronounce as if     
written ade-de-kawng1 avoiding1 however1

 as much as possible a twang on the last
 syllable4  #cjg4 ,my beard is long3    
don't say baird4  #cjh4 ,the blacksmith 
blows the bellows3 pronounce as written1
 and not bellus4  #cji4 ,let me help you
 to some catsup3 avoid saying ketchup4  
#caj4 ,it is new ,china ware3 do not    
say1 chaney ware2 this latter article   
exists only in the traditions of old    
women4  #caa4 ,the combatants parted in 
good humor3 accent the first            
syllable--never the second4  #cab4 ,we  
poled the raft up the creek3 pronounce  
as if written krik4  #cac4 ,then spake  
the warrior bold3 pronounce in two      
syllables1 as war-yur1 not war-ri-or4   
#cad4 ,in using the word venison1 sound 
the i3 venzun is a common1 though not   
elegant pronunciation4  #cae4 ,tapestry 
is divided tap-es-try and not           
ta-pes-try4  #caf4 ,he is only a        
subaltern3 accent the first syllable of 
subaltern4  #cag4 ,the barge is at the  
quay3 pronounce quay1 kay4  #cah4 ,the  
path over the meadow was queachy3 this  

word1 meaning soft or boggy1 is now     
obsolete1 and cannot be used with       
propriety4  #cai4 ,he talks             
pulpitically3 this word1 which some who 
copy ,chesterfield persist in using1 has
 never by any good authority been       
admitted into the language4  #cbj4 ,to  
peff1 meaning to cough faintly 7like a  
sheep71 is hardly a useable word4  #cba4
 ,be careful to distinguish between     
pencil1 an instrument for writing1 and  
pensile1 meaning hanging down4  #cbb4   
,to yank is a vulgarism1 meaning to     
twitch powerfully4  #cbc4 ,avoid the    
slang phrase1 ,i used to could4 ,say1 ,i
 could formerly4  #cbd4 ,she takes on   
about it greatly3 say1 grieves4  #cbe4  
,he staved off the case two days longer3
 say1 he put off1 or delayed4  #cbf4 ,he
 made a great splurge3 say1 he made a   
blustering effort4  #cbg4 ,i reckon it  
is going to rain3 say1 ,i think1 or     
expect4 ,reckon applies to calculation4 
#cbh4 ,the basket is pretty large3      
avoid1 if possible1 the use of the word 

pretty out of its legitimate            
signification2 the language abounds with
 substitutes more elegant4  #cbi4 ,she  
weighs a plaguy sight3 say1 a great     
deal4  #ccj4 ,he made tracks at sundown3
 say1 he left1 or escaped4  #cca4 ,he   
was compelled to fork over the cash3    
say1 to pay over4  #ccb4 ,to flunk out  
is a vulgar expression for to retire    
through fear2 the most that can be      
tolerated is1 to sneak out4  #ccc4 ,when
 last observed1 he was going at full    
chisel3 say1 at the top of his speed4   
#ccd4 ,that bill is a counterfeit3 the  
last syllable is pronounced as if       
written fit1 and not feet4  #cce4 ,i am 
very much obliged to you3 do not say    
obleeged4  #ccf4 ,the following sentence
 affords an example of three words of   
similar pronunciation1 but different    
signification3 ,it is not easy to pare a
 pear with a pair of scissors4  #ccg4   
,the robber entered the dwelling1 and   
secretly carried off the silver3 say1   
thief2 a robber attacks violently1 and  

commits his depredations by main force2 
a thief is one who uses secrecy and     
deception4  #cch4 ,go and fetch me my   
riding-whip3 say1 bring4 ,fetch means to
 go and bring2 go and fetch is          
repetition4  #cci4 ,to leave and to quit
 are often used as synonymous terms1    
though improperly2 to leave implies a   
design of returning soon--to quit1 an   
absence of a long time1 or forever2 as1 
in ,shakespeare3--            ----the   
very rats   ,instinctively had quit     
it4--,tempest1 i4 #b4  ,i shall leave my
 house for a month before next ,autumn2 
but ,i shall not be obliged to quit it  
until after ,christmas4  #cdj4 ,mute and
 dumb4 ,a dumb man has not the power to 
speak2 a mute man either does not       
choose1 or is not allowed to speak4 ,it 
is1 therefore1 more proper to say of a  
person who can neither hear nor speak1  
that he is deaf and dumb1 than that he  
is a deaf mute4  #cda4 ,strong and      
robust4 ,these words are frequently     
misused3 a strong man is able to bear a 

heavy burden1 but not necessarily for a 
long time2 a robust man bears continual 
fatigue with ease2 a strong man may be  
active and nimble2 while an excess of   
muscular development1 together with a   
clumsiness of action1 exclude these     
qualities from the robust man3--        
,strong as a tower in hope1 ,i cry      
,amen6                                  
,,shakespeare1 ,richard ,,ii4 i4 #c4    
,for one who1 though of drooping mien1  
had yet   ,from nature's kindliness     
received a frame   ,robust as ever rural
 labor bred4                            
,,wordsworth1 ,excursion1 ,,vi4  #cdb4  
,isaac ,newton invented the law of      
gravitation3 say1 discovered4 ,galileo  
discovered the telescope3 say1 invented4
  #cdc4 ,to hear and to listen have each
 distinct degrees of meaning4 ,to hear  
implies no effort or particular         
attention4 ,to listen implies some      
eagerness to hear4 ,an old proverb says1
 ,they that listen seldom hear any good 
of themselves4  #cdd4 ,ought and should 

both express obligation1 but the latter 
is not so binding as the former4        
,children ought to love their parents1  
and should be neat in their appearance4 
#cde4 ,alone and only are often         
misapplied4 ,he only could do it1 means 
that no other but himself could do it2  
he alone could do it1 should mean that  
he1 without the assistance of others1   
could do it4  #cdf4 ,please the         
pigs4--7,old ,proverb47 ,this is a      
corruption from ,please the pyx4 ,the   
pyx is the receptacle which contains the
 consecrated wafer on ,romish altars2   
and the exclamation is equal to ,please 
,god4 ,this corruption is as curious a  
one as that of tawdry from 't ,audrey1  
or at ,st4 ,audrey's ,fair1 famous for  
the sale of frippery--showy1 cheap1 and 
worthless4  #cdg4 ,the partridge is a   
delightful bird3 do not say patridge4   
,also1 do not say pasley for parsley4   
#cdh4 ,after this1 let him hide his     
diminished head3 this common phrase is a
 poetical quotation from ,milton1 and is

 therefore proper to be used even when  
it does not literally express the       
idea3--    ,at whose sight all the stars
   ,hide their diminished heads4  #cdi4 
,that bourne from whence no traveler    
returns4 ,how often are precisely these 
words spoken8 ,they are improperly      
quoted from ,shakespeare1 in ,hamlet1   
and correctly read as follows3--        
,that undiscovered country1 from whose  
bourne   ,no traveler returns4  #cej4   
,bring me my waistcoat3 pronounce as if 
written waste-coat1 and not weskut4 ,it 
should rhyme1 as it did in an old       
ballad1 with laced coat4  #cea4 ,your   
bonnet to its right                     
use4--7,shakespeare37 never say bunnet4 
#ceb4 ,it is not cold enough to wear my 
gloves3 pronounce as if written gluvs1  
and to rhyme with loves4 ,in ,fair      
,rosamond the following illustrative    
stanza occurs3--    ,he said he had his 
gloves from ,france3     ,the ,queen    
said1 ',that can't be3   ,if you go     
there for glove-making1     ,it is      

without the g4'  #cec4 ,egad6 what great
 good luck6 ,this word is now           
inelegantly used1 except in certain     
species of poetry1 where it is          
introduced with much effect1 as in the  
following distich3--    ,all tragedies1 
egad6 to me sound oddly2   ,i can no    
more be serious1 than you godly4  #ced4 
,the frigate is now in the ,yellow ,sea1
 or thereabouts3 say1 thereabout4 ,this 
term is a transposed combination of     
about there2 there is no such word as   
thereabouts4 ,the same may be said of   
hereabouts1 and whereabouts4  #cee4     
,whether he will or no3 say1 not4 ,the  
reason of this correction is clearly    
seen by supplying what is needed to     
complete the sense3 ,whether he will or 
will not4  #cef4 ,he looked at it first 
lengthways1 then sideways3 say1         
lengthwise and sidewise4 ,also1 say     
otherwise instead of otherways4 ,a      
nobleman said to his fool1 ,i am wise1  
and you are otherwise4 ,yes1 replied his
 jester1 you are wise1 and ,i am another

 wise4  #ceg4 ,if you are a landlord1   
beware of incorrectly using such an     
expression as in the following3 ,a      
landed proprietor went to a tenant with 
a view of increasing his rent1 and said 
to him1 ,neighbor1 ,i am going to raise 
your rent4 ,thank you1 sir1 was the     
reply1 for ,i am utterly unable to raise
 it myself4  #ceh4 ,will you accept of  
this slight testimonial8 ,omit of1 which
 is superfluous1 and weakens the        
sentence4  #cei4 ,he convinced his      
opponent by dint of good reasoning3     
dint1 meaning force or strength1 is an  
obsolete word1 and should not now be    
employed4  #cfj4 ,the ,danube empties   
into the ,black ,sea3 say1 flows2 to    
empty means to make vacant2 no river can
 properly be called empty1 until it is  
entirely dried up4  #cfa4 ,such words as
 bamboozle1 topsyturvy1 helterskelter1  
hurlyburly1 and pellmell are generally  
to be avoided4 ,they answer1 however1   
for familiar conversation4  #cfb4 ,never
 say seraphims1 for the plural of       

seraph1 but seraphim2 the same rule     
holds with cherubims4 ,cherubs and      
seraphs are proper plurals1 suiting a   
familiar style of speaking or writing1  
while cherubim and seraphim are to be   
used only in more dignified and solemn  
discourse4  #cfc4 ,there's the books you
 wanted3 say1 there are3 avoid all      
abbreviations when they lead to a       
grammatical error1 as in the present    
instance4  #cfd4 ,this prisoner has1 of 
all the gang1 committed fewer           
misdemeanors3 say1 fewest4 ,we may say  
fewer than all1 but we must say fewest  
of all4  #cfe4 ,i esteem you more than  
the others3 this sentence is equivocal4 
,does it mean1 ,i esteem you more than  
,i esteem the others1 or1 ,i esteem you 
more than the others esteem you8  #cff4 
,the most eminent scholars will1 on some
 points1 differ among one another3 say1 
among themselves4  #cfg4 ,he1 from that 
moment1 doubled his kindness and        
caresses of me3 say1 kindness for and   
caresses of me2 by omitting caresses we 

have1 ,he doubled his kindness of me1   
which is not good ,english4  #cfh4 ,to  
differ from and to differ with3 to      
differ from a man means to have an      
opinion different from his2 to differ   
with a person signifies a quarrel or    
rupture4  #cfi4 ,he barely escaped      
having one or two broken heads3 a man   
has but one head1 let it be broken or   
whole4 ,say1 ,he once or twice barely   
escaped having a broken head4  #cgj4    
,whenever ,i fall into that man's       
conversation ,i am entertained and      
profited3 say1 fall into conversation   
with that man4  #cga4 ,the lecturer     
spoke to several points3 say1 spoke on  
several points4 ,he spoke to his        
audience4  #cgb4 ,i shall regard your   
strictures only so far as concerns my   
own errors3 say1 concern2 the phrase    
when filled out should read1 only so far
 as they concern my own errors4  #cgc4  
,i found him better than ,i expected to 
have found him3 say1 to find him4  #cgd4
 ,i perceived that he was totally blind 

with half an eye3 say1 ,i perceived1    
with half an eye1 that he was totally   
blind4 ,otherwise1 to a man totally     
blind you allot half an eye6  #cge4 ,the
 word only is often wrongly placed in   
the sentence1 and made to express an    
idea which is not designed to be        
conveyed4 ,not only ,chinese are        
superstitious1 implies that others      
besides the ,chinese are superstitious4 
,chinese are not only superstitious1    
implies that in addition to being       
superstitious1 they have some other     
characteristics4 ,chinese not only are  
superstitious1 leaves room for something
 still further to be implied of the     
,chinese than superstition1 and which is
 not necessarily the predicate of are2  
as1 ,chinese not only are superstitious1
 but they persecute those who do not put
 faith in ,confucius4  #cgf4 ,not the   
least and nothing less than1 sometimes  
literally convey just the opposite of   
what is intended4 ,he has not the least 
excuse for going1 may mean that he has a

 great excuse1 or none at all4 ,he seeks
 nothing less than worldly honor1 may   
signify that nothing inferior to worldly
 honor will satisfy his desire2 or1 on  
the other hand1 it may mean that nothing
 is less sought by him than worldly     
honor4 ,such expressions1 therefore1 are
 to be used with caution1 else they will
 mislead4  #cgg4 ,care should be taken  
in the use of epithets4 ,for instance1  
in the sentence1 ,a wise and good man   
should be respected1 the words wise and 
good may properly be applied to the same
 man2 but if the sentence should be     
altered to read1 ,an old and young man1 
it is obvious that both epithets could  
not relate to the same person4  #cgh4   
,never say turkle soup1 for turtle soup4
  #cgi4 ,the word long should not now be
 employed to signify many4 ,an example  
of this early usage is found in the     
,fifth ,commandment1 that thy days may  
be long upon the land4 ,the following   
lines furnish an instance of the verb to
 lengthen1 meaning to make many3--      

,the best of all ways               ,to 
lengthen our days1   ,is to take a few  
hours from the night1 my lad4  #chj4    
,they returned back again to the same   
city from whence they came forth3 omit  
the italicized words1 which are         
redundant and inelegant4  #cha4 ,have   
you any leisure upon your hands8 omit   
upon your hands1--not so much because   
anything after leisure is superfluous1  
in such a sentence1 as because the idea 
of having leisure upon your hands is    
absurd4  #chb4 ,seven lads were present1
 and he gave them all a book3 say1 gave 
them each a book4 ,all refers to a      
number of persons or things taken       
collectively1 as one body2 each refers  
to every individual1 separately         
considered4  #chc4 ,lend me your        
umberell3 say1 umbrella4 ,the former    
pronunciation1 however1 is allowed by   
poetic license1 as in the following1    
adapted from ,thomas ,moore3--    ,oh1  
ever thus from childhood's hour1        
,has chilling fate upon me fell6        

,there always comes a soakin' shower    
,when ,i hain't got an umbrell4  #chd4  
,we lately met a grammarian1 who had    
just made a tour through the mines1     
conjugating1 or1 rather1 cogitating     
thus3 ,positive1 mine2 comparative      
miner2 superlative1 minus6  #che4 ,put  
not thy secret into the mouth of the    
,bosphorus1 for it will betray it to the
 ears of the ,black ,sea4--7,oriental   
,proverb47 ,pronounce ,bosphorus as if  
written ,bosforus1 and not ,bos-porous4 
#chf4 ,be careful to use the hyphen 7-7 
correctly3 it joins compound words1 and 
words broken by the ending of a line4   
,the use of the hyphen will appear more 
clearly from the following example3 many
 colored wings means many wings which   
are colored2 but many-colored wings     
means wings of many colors4  #chg4 ,i am
 afraid it will rain3 say1 ,i fear4     
,afraid expresses terror2 fear may mean 
only anxiety4  #chh4 ,never say o-fences
 for offences2 pison for poison2        
co-lection for collection2 voiolent for 

violent2 kivver for cover2 afeard for   
afraid2 debbuty for deputy4 ,the last   
three examples are very common4  #chi4  
,it is a mere cipher3 never spell cipher
 with a y4  #cij4 ,i was necessitated to
 do it3 a poor expression1 and often    
made worse by necessiated being used3   
say1 ,i was obliged1 or compelled1 to do
 it4  #cia4 ,gibbon wrote the ,rise and 
,fall of the ,roman ,empire3 pronounce  
,rise1 the noun1 so as to rhyme with    
price2 ,rise1 the verb1 rhymes with     
prize4  #cib4 ,he joined his regiment   
last week3 never say1 ridgiment for     
regiment4  #cic4 ,he bought a gimlet3   
never spell the last word gimblet1 as   
many do4  #cid4 ,he is a supporter of   
the ,government3 beware of omitting the 
n in the second syllable of             
,government--a very common practice4    
#cie4 ,received this day of ,mr4 ,brown 
ten dollars3 say1 ,received this day    
from1 c4  #cif4 ,of whatever you get1   
endeavor to save something2 and with all
 your getting1 get wisdom3 carefully    

avoid saying git for get1 and gitting   
for getting4  #cig4 ,so intent was he on
 the song he was singing1 while he stood
 by the fire1 that he did not perceive  
that his clothes were singeing4 ,verbs  
ending with a single e1 omit the e when 
the termination ing is added1 as1 give1 
giving2 in singeing1 however1 the e must
 be retained1 to prevent its being      
confounded with singing4 ,the e must    
also be retained in dyeing1 to          
distinguish it from dying4  #cih4 ,the  
following sentences may be studied3 ,the
 dyer dyes daily1 yet he dies not4 ,the 
miner minds the minor mines4 ,it is not 
meet to mete out such meat4 ,he         
performed a great feat with his feet at 
the fte4 7,fte is pronounced fate47     
#cii4 ,lower the sails1 as the sky      
begins to lower3 pronounce low in the   
former so as to rhyme with mow1 and low 
in the latter so as to rhyme with cow4  
#djj4 ,there was a great row on ,monday1
 in ,tryon ,row3 pronounce the former   
row so as to rhyme with cow--the latter 

row1 so as to rhyme with mo4  #dja4 ,his
 surname is ,clifford3 never spell the  
sur in surname sir1 which shows an      
ignorance of its true derivation1 which 
is from the ,latin4  #djb4 ,the         
buildings are so old that they pay      
almost no rent now3 scarcely any rent1  
is better4  #djc4 ,his mamma sent him to
 a preparatory school3 mamma is often   
written with one m only1 which is not1  
as may at first be supposed1 in         
imitation of the ,french maman1 but in  
sheer ignorance4  #djd4 ,active verbs   
often take a neuter sense2 as1 ,the     
house is building3 here1 is building is 
used in a neuter signification1 because 
it has no object after it4 ,by this rule
 are explained such sentences as1       
,application is wanting2 ,the ,grammar  
is printing1 c4  #dje4 ,he attackted me 
without the slightest provocation3 say1 
attacked4  #djf4 ,i called on him every 
day in the week successfully3 very      
common1 but incorrect2 say1             
successively4  #djg4 ,i fear ,i shall   

discommode you3 it is better to say1    
incommode4  #djh4 ,i can do it equally  
as well as he3 leave out equally1 which 
is superfluous4  #dji4 ,we could not    
forbear from doing it3 leave out from1  
which is unnecessary2 or say1 refrain   
from4  #daj4 ,he was totally dependent  
of his father3 say1 dependent on his    
father4  #daa4 ,they accused him for    
neglecting his duty3 say1 of neglecting1
 c4  #dab4 ,they have a great           
resemblance with each other3 say1 to    
each other4  #dac4 ,i entirely dissent  
with him3 say1 from him4  #dad4 ,he was 
made much on at the ,springs3 say1 made 
much of1 c4  #dae4 ,he is a man on whom 
you can confide3 say1 in whom1 c4  #daf4
 ,he was obliged to fly the country3    
say1 flee the country4 ,a very common   
mistake4  #dag4 ,the snuffers wants     
mending3 say1 want mending4 ,no one     
would say1 ,my pantaloons is ripped4    
#dah4 ,his conduct admits of no apology3
 omit of1 which is quite unnecessary4   
#dai4 ,a gent has been here inquiring   

for you3 a detestable1 but very common  
expression2 say1 a gentleman has been1  
c4 ,oliver ,wendell ,holmes hits off    
this liberty with language1 in the      
following happy couplet3--    ,the      
things called pants1 in certain         
documents1   ,were never made for       
gentlemen1 but gents4  #dbj4 ,that was  
all along of you3 say1 ,that was all    
your fault4  #dba4 ,you have no call to 
be angry with me3 say1 no occasion1 c4  
#dbb4 ,too free an indulgence in        
luxuries enervate and injure the system3
 say1 enervates and injures1 c4 ,the    
plural1 luxuries1 standing directly     
before the verb1 7which should be       
enervates1 in the singular17 deceives   
the ear4 ,errors of this kind are very  
common1 though a moment's thought would 
correct them4 ,the verb must agree with 
its subject in person and in number2 if 
the noun is in the singular1 the verb   
that belongs to it must also be in the  
singular4  #dbc4 ,a father divided a    
portion of his property among his two   

children1 and the remainder he          
distributed between the poor3 say1      
between his two children1 and among the 
poor4 ,between is applicable to two     
only1 among to three or more4  #dbd4    
,every child should obey their parents3 
say1 his parents4 ,the pronoun must     
agree with the noun in number1 c4  #dbe4
 ,he is a person who ,i respect greatly3
 say1 whom4 ,be careful who you trust3  
whom you trust4  #dbf4 ,let me consider 
of this matter4 ,the culprit dreaded to 
enter in the prison4 ,the laborers were 
not allowed to want for anything4 ,leave
 out the italicized words--the sense    
being complete without them4  #dbg4     
,cupola is often pronounced cupalo2     
foliage1 foilage2 future1 futur2 nature1
 natur3 all of which errors should be   
carefully avoided4  #dbh4 ',ow 'appens  
it that ,henglishmen so hoften misplace 
their haitches8 ,it is a cockneyism2 and
 if you have fallen into the habit1 it  
will require perhaps more perseverance  
than you imagine1 to correct it4  #dbi4 

,do you say wagabond or vagabond1       
winegar or vinegar1 wery or very1       
valking or walking1 vatchman or         
watchman8 ,it is a local custom1 but if 
you have any taint of it1 don't sing    
,villikins and his ,dinah4  #dcj4       
,providence1 confidence1 and similar    
words1 are often pronounced ,providunce1
 confidunce1 c41 substituting unce for  
ence4 ,so also1 words ending in ance1 as
 maintenance1 sustenance1               
,,surveillance1 are pronounced falsely  
maintenunce1 sustenunce1 c4  #dca4      
,coming1 going1 according1 c41 are often
 pronounced without the final g3 speak  
them distinctly1 and pronounce difficult
 words with de-lib-er-a-tion4  #dcb4 ,if
 you are a ,yankee1 you should 7though1 
as a general thing1 you will not7 take  
special pains with your vowel sounds1   
that they be not formed through the     
nasal cavities4 ,don't say heow1 ceow1  
confeound1 for how1 cow1 c4  #dcc4 ,if  
you are a ,western man1 you are liable  
to give your vowel sounds too great     

breadth4 ,you should not say bar for    
bear1 hum for home1 dawlar for dollar2  
and it is better to avoid using such    
expressions as ,i reckon1 ,i guess1 ,i  
calculate1 too frequently4  #dcd4 ,i am 
going a fishing3 be bold enough to be   
one among the foremost to break away    
from the bad habit of saying a fishing1 
a talking1 a courting1 c4 ,this custom1 
however1 should be retained in quoting  
proverbs and wise sayings2 these are    
better in proportion as they are older2 
for example3 ,who goes a-borrowing1 goes
 a-sorrowing4 ,the quaintness would be  
destroyed by saying simply borrowing and
 sorrowing4  #dce4 ,some people add a   
superfluous preposition at the end of a 
sentence--,more than you think for4     
,this is awkward4  #dcf4 ,then think on 
the friend who once welcomed it too1 c4 
c43 say1 of4  #dcg4 ,thou and thee are  
no longer used in spelling or writing1  
except by some of ,the ,friends2 but    
proverbial citations1 originally        
expressed in that form1 lose much of    

their beauty and force by alteration2   
as1 ,if thou seest thy house in flames1 
approach and warm thyself by it4 ,how   
greatly would a change of person tame   
the spirit of this fine proverb6  #dch4 
,by the street of ',by-and-,by1' one    
arrives at the house of ',never4' ,do   
not say1 ,by'mby4  #dci4 ,be careful to 
observe the two plurals of the following
 nouns3    ,singular4   ,first ,plural4 
,second ,plural4    ,brother1  ,brothers
 7of the same          ,brethren 7of the
 same                  parents71        
society74    ,die1      ,dies 7for      
coining71            ,dice 7for gaming74
    ,index1    ,indexes 7tables of      
contents71  ,indices 7signs in          
algebra74    ,pea1      ,peas 7referring
 to a           ,pease 7referring to the
                  limited number71      
whole species74    ,penny1    ,pennies  
7coins71               ,pence 7the      
value74    ,cow1      ,cows 7a herd of  
cattle71       ,kine 7the species74     
,sow1      ,sows 7a litter71            

,swine 7the species74    ,genius1       
,geniuses 7men of genius71      ,genii  
7imaginary spirits74  #ddj4 ,different  
shades of meaning may be expressed by   
slight variations in the position of the
 important words in a sentence4 ,for    
example1 ,the ,paradise ,lost of        
,milton1 is not exactly the same in     
import as1 ,milton's ,paradise ,lost2 in
 the former1 attention is called to the 
author--in the latter1 to the poem4     
#dda4 ,in uniting the plural of one1    
two1 three1 do not use the apostrophe ' 
as one's1 two's1 three's4 ,good writers 
never conform to the latter mode4       
,wordsworth1 who was remarkably         
particular1 not only in the choice of   
his words but in their orthography1     
wrote3    ,the sun has long been set1   
,the stars are out by twos and threes2  
,the little birds are piping yet        
,among the bushes and the trees4  #ddb4 
,how's yourself1 this morning8 an       
exceedingly common1 but very            
objectionable expression3 say1 ,how are 

you2 c4  #ddc4 ,wanted1 two apprentices1
 who will be treated as one of the      
family3 great practical difficulty would
 be found in realizing such treatment6  
,say1 as members of the family4  #ddd4  
,the following lines afford an instance 
of the ingenious uses to which the      
,english language may be put3    ,you   
sigh for a cipher1 but ,i sigh for you2 
,oh1 sigh for no cipher1 but oh1 sigh   
for me2   ,oh1 let not my sigh for a    
cipher go1     ,but give sigh for sigh1 
for ,i sigh for you so6  ,the above is  
more briefly expressed in the following 
manner3    ,u ,o a ,o1 but ,i ,o u1     
,oh1 ,o no ,o1 but oh1 ,o me2   ,oh1 let
 not my ,o a ,o go1   ,but give ,o ,o ,i
 ,o u so6  #dde4 ,sometimes but is      
incorrectly substituted for that3 as1 ,i
 have no doubt but he will be here      
to-night4 ,sometimes for the conjunction
 if1 as1 ,i shouldn't wonder but that   
was the case4 ,and sometimes two        
conjunctions are used instead of one1   
as1 ,if that ,i have offended him1      

,after that he had seen the parties1 c4 
,all this is very awkward and should be 
avoided4  #ddf4 ,my hands are chopped3  
say1 chapped4  #ddg4 ,this will serve as
 a preventative3 say1 preventive4  #ddh4
 ,a nishe young man1 ,what makesh you   
laugh8 ,if he offendsh you1 don't speak 
to him1 ,ash you please1 ,not jush yet1 
,we always passh your house in going to 
call on ,missh ,yatesh4 ,this is        
decided1 unmitigated cockneyism1 having 
its parallel in nothing except the      
broken ,english of the sons of ,abraham1
 and to adopt it in conversation is     
certainly not speaking like a           
,christian4  #ddi4 ,never say1 ,cut it  
in half1 for this you cannot do unless  
you could annihilate one half4 ,you may 
cut it in two1 or cut it in halves1 or  
cut it through1 or divide it1 but no    
human ability will enable you to cut it 
in half4  #dea4 ,to lay and to lie4--,to
 lay is an active or transitive verb1   
and must always have an object1         
expressed or understood4 ,to lie 7not   

meaning to tell a falsehood7 is a neuter
 or intransitive1 and therefore does not
 admit of an object4 ,the only real     
difficulty arises from the fact1 that   
the past tense of lie1 when used without
 an auxiliary1 is the same as the       
present of lay4 ,but a little attention 
will obviate this4 ,nothing can be more 
erroneous than to say1 ,i shall go and  
lay down4 ,the question which naturally 
arises in the mind of the discriminating
 hearer is1 ,what are you going to lay  
down--money1 carpets1 plans1 or what8   
for1 as a transitive verb is used1 an   
object is wanted to complete the sense4 
,the speaker means1 that he himself is  
going to lie down4 ,my brother lays ill 
of a fever1 should be1 ,my brother lies1
 c4    ,,verb ,,active4                 
,,verb ,,neuter4    ,to lay4            
,to lie4    ,present ,tense4            
,present ,tense4    ,i lay              
,i lie           ,thou layest           
money1            ,thou liest    down1  
,he lays          carpets1          ,he 

lies       too long1   ,we lay          
plans1            ,we lie        on a   
sofa1   ,you lay          --any thing4  
,you lie       --any where4   ,they lay 
,they lie          ,imperfect ,tense4   
,imperfect ,tense4    ,i laid           
,i lay           ,thou laidest          
money1            ,thou layest   down1  
,he laid          carpets1          ,he 
lays       too long1   ,we laid         
plans1            ,we lay        on a   
sofa1   ,you laid         --any thing4  
,you lay       --any where4   ,they laid
                          ,they lay     
,present ,participle1 ,laying4          
,present ,participle1 ,lying4   ,perfect
 ,participle1 ,laid4           ,perfect 
,participle1 ,lain4  #deb4 ,many people 
have an odd way of saying1 ,i expect1   
when they mean only ,i think1 or ,i     
conclude2 as1 ,i expect my brother went 
to ,richmond to-day1 ,i expect those    
books were sent to ,paris last year4    
,expect can relate only to future time1 
and must be followed by a future tense1 

or a verb in the infinitive mood2 as1 ,i
 expect my brother will go to ,richmond 
to-day1 ,i expect to find those books   
were sent to ,paris last year4  #dec4 ,a
 summer's morning1 should be1 ,a summer 
morning4  #ded4 ,the vulgar speaker uses
 adjectives instead of adverbs1 and     
says1 ,this letter is written shocking2 
the genteel speaker uses adverbs instead
 of adjectives1 and says1 ,this writing 
looks shockingly4  #dee4 ,nobody else   
but him1 should be1 ,nobody but him4    
#def4 ,that ain't just1 should be1 ,that
 is not just4  #deg4 ,he was killed by a
 cannon-ball1 should be1 ,he was killed 
with a cannon-ball4 ,he was killed by   
the cannoneer4  #deh4 ,a new pair of    
gloves1 should be1 ,a pair of new       
gloves4  #dei4 ,before ,i do that1 ,i   
must first be paid1 should be1 ,before  
,i do that1 ,i must be paid4  #dfj4 ,a  
grammatical play upon the word ,,that3  
,now that is a word which may often be  
joined1   ,for that that may be doubled 
is clear to the mind2   ,and that that  

that is right1 is as plain to the view1 
,as that that that that we use is       
rightly used too2   ,and that that that 
that that line has in it1 is right--    
,in accordance with grammar1 is plain in
 our sight4  #dfa4 ,he will go from     
thence to-morrow4 ,the preposition from 
is included in these adverbs1 therefore 
it becomes tautology in sense when      
prefixed to them4  #dfb4 ,equally as    
well1 is a very common expression1 and a
 very incorrect one2 the adverb of      
comparison1 as1 has no right in the     
sentence4 ,equally well1 ,equally high1 
,equally dear1 should be the            
construction2 and if a complement be    
necessary in the phrase1 it should be   
preceded by the preposition with1 as1   
,the wall was equally high with the     
former one1 ,the goods at ,smith's are  
equally dear with those sold at the shop
 next door1 c4 ,equally the same is     
tautology4  #dfc4 ,some persons talk of 
continuing on3 in what other direction  
would it be possible to continue8  #dfd4

 ,the satin measured twelve yards before
 ,i cut this piece off of it4 ,the fruit
 was gathered off of that tree4 ,omit   
of2 or1 omitting off of1 insert from4   
#dfe4 ,he left his horse1 and got on to 
a stage-coach1 ,he jumped on to the     
floor1 ,she laid it on to a dish1 ,i    
threw it on to the fire4 ,why use two   
prepositions where one would be quite as
 explicit1 and far more elegant8 ,nobody
 would think of saying1 ,he came to     
,new-,york1 for to go to the exhibition4
  #dff4 ,no other resource but this was 
allowed him3 say1 ,no other resource    
than this1 c4  #dfg4 ,i don't know but  
what ,i shall go to ,white ,plains      
to-morrow3 say1 ,i don't know but that1 
c4  #dfh4 ,one of those houses were sold
 last week1 ,each of the daughters are  
to have a separate share1 ,every tree in
 those plantations have been injured by 
the storm1 ,either of the children are  
at liberty to claim it4 ,here it will be
 perceived that the pronouns one1 each1 
every1 either1 are the true nominatives 

to the verbs2 but the intervening noun  
in the plural number1 in each sentence1 
deludes the ear2 and the speaker1       
without reflection1 renders the verb in 
the plural instead of the singular      
number4  #dfi4 ,many still die annually 
from the plague3 say1 of the plague4    
#dgj4 ,he spoke contemptibly of him1    
should be1 ,he spoke contemptuously of  
him4  #dga4 ,was you8 should be1 ,were  
you8  #dgb4 ,this is the more perfect of
 the two3 say1 ,more complete4 ,perfect 
rarely admits comparison4  #dgc4 ,avoid 
all slang and vulgar words and phrases1 
as1 ,anyhow1 ,bating1 ,bran new1 ,to    
blow up1 ,bother1 ,cut1 ,currying favor1
 ,fork out1 ,half an eye1 ,i am up to   
you1 ,kick up1 ,scrape1 ,the ,scratch1  
,walk into4  #dgd4 ,go over the bridge1 
should be1 ,go across the bridge4  #dge4
 ,i was some distance from home1 should 
be1 ,i was at some distance from home4  
#dgf4 ,is ,mr4 ,smith in8 should be1 ,is
 ,mr4 ,smith within8  #dgg4 ,it is above
 a month since1 should be1 ,it is more  

than a month since4  #dgh4 ,vegetables  
were plenty1 should be1 ,vegetables were
 plentiful4  #dgi4 ,we both were very   
disappointed4 ,this is an incomplete    
expression3 say1 very much1 or very     
greatly4 ,no one would think of saying1 
,we both were very pleased4  #dhj4 ,it  
is ,i who is to receive the appointment3
 say1 who am to receive2 who is in the  
first person1 and the verb of which it  
is the subject must be in the same4     
#dha4 ,never say biscake1 for biscuit4  
#dhb4 ,passengers are not requested to  
let down the chains1 before the boat is 
fastened to the bridge4 ,from a printed 
regulation on one of the ,new-,york and 
,brooklyn ferry-boats4 ,the reading     
should be1 ,passengers are requested not
 to let down the chains4  #dhc4 ,how    
will you swap jack-knives8 swap1        
although it is a word familiarly used in
 connection with jack-knives1 is a term 
that cannot lay the least claim to      
elegance4 ,use some other of the many   
mercantile expressions to which trade   

has given rise4  #dhd4 ,he's put his    
nose to the grin-stone at an early age4 
,a remark usually made by old ladies1   
suggested by the first marriage among   
their grandsons4 ,say1 grind-stone4 ,a  
grin-stone implies a stone that grins1  
whereas1 especially in this instance1   
the nose fulfills that office4  #dhe4   
,the importance of punctuating a written
 sentence is often neglected4 ,space    
does not permit the giving of rules on  
this subject1 in this book4 ,business   
correspondence is generally blemished by
 many omissions of this character2 for  
example1 ,messrs ,g ,longman  ,co have  
recd a note from the ,cor ,sec ,nat     
,shipwreck ,soc informing them of the   
loss of one of their vessels off the ,n 
,e ,coast of ,s ,a at #h ,p ,m on the   
#bj of ,jan4 ,a clergyman1 standing in  
his pulpit1 was once handed a slip of   
paper1 to be read in the hearing of the 
congregation1 which was intended to     
convey the following notice3 ,a man     
going to sea1 his wife desires the      

prayers of the church4 ,but the sentence
 was improperly punctuated1 and he read1
 ,a man going to see his wife1 desires  
the prayers of the church6  #dhf4 ,the  
knave thereupon commenced rifling his   
friend's 7as he called him7 pocket3 say1
 ,the knave commenced rifling the pocket
 of his friend1 as he facetiously called
 him4 ,the possessive case1 and the word
 that governs it1 must not be separated 
by an intervening clause4  #dhg4 ,i owe 
thee a heavy debt of gratitude1 and you 
will not permit me to repay it3 say1    
either ,i owe you1 c41 preserving and   
you will in the second clause2 or1 ,i   
owe thee1 and altering and you will into
 and thou wilt4  #dhh4 ,every lancer and
 every rifleman were at their post3 say1
 was at his post4  #dhi4 ,i can lift as 
many pounds as he has3 add lifted4      
#dij4 ,do not use to1 the sign of the   
infinitive mood1 for the infinitive     
itself4 ,i have not written to him1 and 
,i am not likely to1 should read1 ,i am 
not likely to write to him4  #dia4 ,the 

word agree is sometimes followed by the 
wrong preposition4 ,we should say1 agree
 with a person--to a proposition--upon a
 thing among ourselves4  #dib4 ,we      
should say compare with1 in respect of  
quality--compare to1 for the sake of    
illustration4  #dic4 ,we should say copy
 after a person--copy from a thing4     
#did4 ,between is properly applied only 
to two objects2 among1 to three or more4
 ,a father divided a portion of his     
property between his two sons2 the rest 
he distributed among the poor4  #die4   
,in should not be used for into1 after  
verbs denoting entrance4 ,come in my    
parlor1 should read1 ,come into my      
parlor4  #dif4 ,we confide in1 and have 
respect for1 the good4 ,such a form of  
expression is strained and awkward4 ,it 
is better to say1 ,we confide in the    
good1 and have respect for them1 or1 ,we
 trust and respect the good4  #dig4     
,this veil of flesh parts the visible   
and the invisible world3 say1 parts the 
visible from the invisible4 ,it         

certainly is not meant that the veil of 
flesh parts 7or divides7 each of these  
worlds4  #dih4 ,every leaf1 every twig1 
every blade1 every drop of water1 teem  
with life3 say1 teems4  #dii4 ,dr4      
,prideaux used to relate that when he   
brought the manuscript of his           
,connection of the ,old and the ,new    
,testaments to the publisher1 he told   
him it was a dry subject1 and that the  
printing could not be safely ventured   
upon unless he could enliven the work   
with a little humor4 ,the sense alone1  
and not the sentence1 indicates to whom 
he and him respectively refer2 such a   
form of expression is faulty1 because it
 may lead to a violation of perspicuity1
 which is one of the most essential     
qualities of a good style4  #ejj4 ,the  
last direction which this little book   
will give1 on the subject with which it 
has been occupied1 is one that long ago 
was given in the greatest of books--,let
 your conversation be as it becometh the
 ,gospel of ,christ4 ,if obedience to   

this injunction may not guard him who   
heeds it against the commission of such 
mistakes as are numbered in this        
catalogue1 it will not fail to lead him 
out of the way of errors more grievous  
and solemn4     ,,the ,,speller ,,and   
,,definer',s ,,manual4  ,,by ,,william  
,w4 ,,smith1 ,principal of ,grammar     
,school ,no4 #a1 ,new-,york2 ,author of 
,the ,speller's ,manual4   ,this work   
contains about fourteen thousand of the 
most useful words in the ,english       
language1 correctly spelled1 pronounced1
 defined1 and arranged in classes1      
together with rules for spelling1       
prefixes and suffixes1 with their       
significations1 rules for use of        
capitals1 punctuation and other marks   
used in writing and printing1 quotations
 from other languages used in ,english  
composition1 abbreviations1 c41 to which
 is added a ,vocabulary for reference4  
,words which resemble each other in     
pronunciation1 but have different       
meanings1 are arranged together1 and    

occupy about one eighth of the entire   
work1 containing nearly three hundred   
pages4 ,the sentences for examples for  
pupils 7each embracing two or more of   
these words7 will be found very         
instructive and interesting4 ,while ,the
 ,speller and ,definer's ,manual        
supplies all that can be desired in an  
ordinary dictionary or speller1 it      
furnishes much important information    
that cannot be found in these1 and      
presents a study1 usually dry and       
uninteresting1 in a natural and         
attractive manner4 ,it is adapted to the
 capacities of children1 and will       
essentially aid the teacher in the work 
of instruction by suggesting questions  
and ideas that are very often overlooked
 amid the anxieties of the school-room4 
,it will be found to be one of the most 
useful works for schools or             
,,self-,,instruction ever issued as a   
text-book1 and its examination will     
abundantly repay any friend of          
education4  ,the ,manual has been       

adopted by the ,board of ,education for 
use in the ,public ,schools of          
,new-,york ,city4  ,we invite attention 
to the following extracts of notices of 
this work from city papers3   ,,notices 
,,of ,,the ,,press4  ,the volume is not 
only valuable as a text-book for        
schools1 but will be ,,useful ,,to      
,,adults whose knowledge of the         
mechanics of literature has grown       
rusty4--,commercial ,advertiser4  ,we   
like the plan and execution of this new 
work1 and recommend it to the attention 
of teachers4--,life ,illustrated4  ,the 
author of this excellent little manual  
is the principal of one of our grammar  
schools1 and is well known as a teacher4
 ,if his manual have any fault1 it is   
that of brevity1 for the principle upon 
which it is constructed1 strikes us as  
perfect4--,new-,york ,courier4  ,retail 
price #fb-a_/b cents4 ,single copies1   
for examination1 sent to any part of the
 country post-paid on receipt of ,fifty 
,cents4 ,address  ,,daniel ,,burgess    

,,co41 ,publishers1  ,,no4 #fj ,,john   
,,street1 ,,new-,,york4     ,,the       
,,gradual ,,series ,,of ,,readers4 ,,by 
,d4 ,b4 ,,tower1 ,a4 ,m41 7,principal of
 ,park ,latin ,school1 ,boston17 ,,and  
,,cornelius ,,walker1 ,a4 ,m4           
7,principal of ,wells ,grammar ,school1 
,boston47   ,the first essential of good
 reading is a distinct articulation4    
,this can only result from practice of  
the elementary sounds and their         
combinations4 ,all of these simple      
elements and their combinations are     
given1 with ample directions1 arranged  
in the simplest and most compact form1  
in the first books of ,tower's series4  
,the next points are ,emphasis and the  
,tones4  ,these are set forth and       
illustrated in the last three ,readers4 
,the elements of expression requisite   
for the utterance of every sentiment are
 clearly described and explained by     
appropriate examples4 ,by these         
examples1 it is clearly shown how a     
passage is to be read1 and thence is    

deduced a rule or principle that all    
similar passages are to be read in a    
similar manner4  ,the character of the  
selections is such as to claim the      
attention of all who are in search of   
good reading matter4 ,they are exciting1
 instructive1 and interesting1 and      
admirably adapted to the capacity of the
 pupils4  ,the higher books of the      
series contain selections from authors  
who are considered standards in their   
respective departments4 ,the dignity and
 objects of literature are distinctly   
brought to view1 whether in the form of 
prose to persuade and instruct--in that 
of poetry1 to please the fancy--or in   
that of the drama1 to move the passions4
  ,the character of the selections in   
these two books is such as to claim the 
attention of all who are in search of   
reading matter that will wear4  ,the    
superiority of these books is           
acknowledged1 wherever they have been   
brought to a practical test4 ,the more  
intelligent any school committee1 or    

teachers are1 the more readily are these
 ,readers appreciated1 and the more     
eagerly are they sought for use in the  
school-room4 ,so decided is the         
preference for them1 among the educated1
 over every other series1 that they are 
gradually but surely superseding them   
all1 and going into general use in all  
the best schools in our country4        
,price4    ,,tower',s ,,first ,,reader1 
or ,gradual ,primer1                    
#ad    cts4     ,do4   ,,second         
,,reader1 or ,introduction to ,gradual  
,reader1     #be          ,do4   ,,third
 ,,reader1 or ,gradual ,reader1         
#cd          ,do4   ,,fourth ,,reader1  
or ,sequel to ,gradual ,reader1         
#ej          ,do4   ,,fifth ,,reader1 or
 ,north ,american ,second ,class        
,reader1  #fb-a_/b      ,do4   ,,sixth  
,,reader1 or ,north ,american ,first    
,class ,reader1   #hd          ,do4     
,,gradual ,,speller1 or ,complete       
,enunciator1              #ag           
,do4   ,,intermediate ,,reader1         

#be        ,copies of the above sent by 
mail1 postage paid1 on receipt of the   
prices annexed4 ,address  ,,daniel      
,,burgess  ,co41  ,,publishers1         
,,new-,,york4     ,,english ,,grammars4 
,,by ,,david ,b4 ,,tower1 ,a4 ,m41 ,,and
 ,,prof4 ,,benjamin ,f4 ,,tweed1 ,a4 ,m4
     ,tower's ,,elements ,,of ,,grammar4
 ,,price #be ,,cents4  ,,first ,,lessons
 ,,in ,,language3 ,,or1 ,,elements ,,of 
,,english ,,grammar4 ,,by ,,david ,b4   
,,tower1 ,a4 ,m41 ,,and ,,prof4         
,,benjamin ,f4 ,,tweed1 ,a4 ,m4   ,this 
little book was prepared for beginners1 
that they might feel their way          
understandingly1 and become interested  
in this sometimes dry study4 ,this      
subject is presented in a natural way1  
avoiding all unnecessary innovations4   
,the plan is simple and plain1          
introducing only one thing at a time1   
that the pupil may see a reason for each
 step1 and thus be led to think4 ,it is 
concise1 that the whole subject may be  
placed before the learner in the        

simplest manner and encumbered by as few
 words for the memory as possible1 that 
the interest may be kept up till he is  
master of the study4 ,by easy questions1
 principles are deduced from familiar   
examples already explained for the sake 
of such inferences1 that a clear        
understanding of these principles and   
their application may be acquired1      
rather than the words used to explain   
and describe them4     ,towers ,,english
 ,,grammar4 ,,price ,,fifty-,,six       
,,cents4      ,,gradual ,,lessons ,,in  
,,grammar2  ,,or1 ,,guide ,,to ,,the    
,,construction ,,of ,,the ,,english     
,,language ,,by ,,the ,,analysis ,,and  
,,composition ,,of ,,sentences2 ,,with  
,a ,,sequel4 ,,by ,,david ,b4 ,,tower1  
,a4 ,m41 ,,and ,,prof4 ,,benjamin ,f4   
,,tweed1 ,a4 ,m4  ,the first object in  
the ,gradual ,lessons in ,grammar1 is to
 render the pupil familiar with the     
different ,,classes of words1 in the    
various relations in which they may be  
used1 by directing attention to the     

manner in which they affect the meaning 
of the sentence4 ,thus it is stated1    
that words used as names are nouns4     
,then follow examples of the different  
kinds of nouns1 and the pupil is        
required to tell why they are nouns1 and
 to write others1 till he recognizes the
 noun wherever it is found4  ,the same  
course is then taken with reference to  
the verb1 after which sentences are     
introduced in their simplest form1      
containing only the essential elements1 
and the pupil is required to analyze    
them and construct similar sentences4   
,then follows the adjective1 and        
attention is called to its effect on the
 meaning of the sentence4 ,the statement
 at the head of each section is not to  
be committed to memory1 but is made to  
assist the pupil in appreciating the    
grammatical forms of the sentences which
 follow4 ,in this manner1 by the        
introduction of a new class of words1 or
 the use of the same class in a         
different relation1 the sentence is     

gradually built up2 till1 from the most 
simple1 we have the most complex an     
involved forms4 ,the technical terms1   
denoting the various relations and      
modifications1 are then given1 with     
marginal references to the              
illustrations4 ,the definitions and     
rules in the ,sequel are deduced from   
illustrations in the ,first ,part4  ,the
 ,first ,part of this ,grammar has one  
peculiar advantage4 ,it combines        
,,construction with ,analysis4 ,on every
 principle developed1 written exercises 
are required of the pupils1 not only to 
insure an understanding of that         
particular principle and to perpetuate a
 knowledge of it1 but also to furnish   
gradual and continued practice in the   
construction of sentences4 ,this method 
of instruction makes correct writers1 as
 it regards the using of words          
understandingly and grammatically in    
sentences1 and prepares the pupil for   
the task of composition1 by enabling him
 to express his thoughts correctly if he

 has any4  ,persons who wish to acquire 
a knowledge of ,english ,grammar        
,,without ,a ,,master1 will find these  
works of great service4 ,sent singly or 
together1 by mail1 post-paid1 on receipt
 of price4  ,,daniel ,,burgess  ,,co4   
,publishers1 ,no4 #fj ,john ,st41       
,new-,york4     ,,mayhew',s             
,,book-,,keeping4   ,a ,,practical      
,,system ,,of ,,book-,,keeping ,,by     
,,single ,,and ,,double ,,entry4 ,,by   
,,ira ,,mayhew1 ,a4 ,m4 ,,for ,,farmers1
 ,,mechanics1 ,,and ,,merchants4  ,this 
is a very neat-looking volume1 whose    
title1 ,practical ,book-keeping1 is     
indicative of its leading               
characteristics4 ,the specimens of      
accounts presented in it are in script  
that closely resembles writing1 and they
 hence afford excellent models for      
imitation4 ,the book contains four forms
 of accounts1 immediately following each
 of which is a large number of examples 
for practice4 ,in their solution1 the   
pupil has occasion practically to apply 

the knowledge he has already acquired of
 both arithmetic and penmanship1 while  
at the same time he learns ,book-keeping
 as he will have occasion to practice it
 in after life4 ,for this purpose a set 
of account books1 in which the examples 
for practice are to be written out by   
the learner1 and a ,key for teachers    
containing the solution1 accompany the  
book4  ,agesilaus1 king of ,sparta1     
being asked what things he thought most 
proper for boys to learn1 very          
appropriately replied1 ,those things    
which they should practice when they    
become men4 ,ever since it was said to  
,adam1 ,in the sweat of thy face shall  
thou eat bread1 there has been a        
necessity laid upon man not only to     
labor1 but to exchange with others the  
products of his industry1 in order to   
secure a comfortable support4 ,excepting
 merchants1 mechanics1 and professional 
men1 very few1 comparatively1 keep any  
accounts4 ,the principal reason for this
 is found in the fact1 that when young  

they were not taught how to do so1 and  
the necessity of its being done4        
,considerations are presented1 in the   
,introduction to this work1 to show some
 of the many advantages that would      
result to individuals and to the        
community from making ,book-keeping a   
common study1 and the design of the     
present work is to furnish a practical  
system of popular ,book-keeping1 which  
may meet the wants of the great majority
 of the ,american people4  ,sent by     
mail1 post-paid1 to any part of the     
country1 on receipt of #cg-a_/b cts4    
,blanks1 #ej cts4  ,daniel ,burgess     
,co41  ,publishers1 #fj ,john ,st41     
,new-,york4     ,,geography ,,for ,,the 
,,million4  ,smith's ,modern and        
,ancient ,geography1  ,,accompanied ,,by
 ,a ,,large ,,and ,,valuable  ,,atlas1  
,containing #ce ,beautiful ,colored     
,maps1 drawn and engraved expressly for 
this work4 ,the ,maps have all been     
corrected and brought up to the times2  
,railroads have all been laid down as   

far as completed4 ,this ,atlas also     
contains a large number of new and      
interesting ,statistical ,tables from   
the ,census of #ahej4 ,the ,tables      
contain the ,,population ,,of ,,each    
,,county in the ,united ,states4 ,also1 
the ,,agricultural ,,productions of each
 of the ,states1 with #cj other ,tables 
from the ,census4 ,a  ,,chronological   
,,table  of the principal ,political and
 other ,events in ,american ,history1   
from #adib to #ahec1 has been added1 in 
which everything of any importance has  
been noticed1 with the date at which it 
happened4 ,there has also been added a  
large and beautiful ,map of the ,,roman 
,,empire1 which will be of use in the   
study of ,ancient ,geography and        
,history1 most of the towns mentioned   
being laid down on this ,map4  ,the     
descriptions of the ,states and         
,territories are full and complete1     
having been brought up to the times in  
every respect4 ,this work is rendered   
still more valuable by a complete       

,,compendium ,,of ,,ancient ,,geography1
  which will be found as interesting and
 instructive as the more extended       
treatises of this subject4 ,a series of 
,,drill ,,questions for ,general        
,revision is appended to this work1     
which will be found of great convenience
 to the ,teacher and aid to the ,scholar
 in bringing definitely to his mind1 in 
a condensed form1 the main features of  
the subject he has gone over4 ,this     
,book is receiving universal favor where
 it is known by ,teachers1 ,committees1 
and others4 ,it has been introduced into
 the ,best ,schools of our country1 and 
they cannot be without it4  ,full and   
complete descriptions of our new        
,territories of  ,,nebraska ,,and       
,,kansas1  with their ,boundaries       
accurately laid down on the ,map4 ,this 
,map will be of great use to those who  
intend emigrating to these ,territories4
 ,this work contains more information   
than will be found in any other book for
 the price4 ,price1 for both ,geography 

and ,atlas1 #a4ac1 sent by mail1        
post-paid4 ,the ,atlas can be had       
separately by those who want it1 at #ge 
cts41 postage paid4   ,,smith',s        
,,primary ,,geography1  ,a beautiful    
,book for young ,students4 ,price1      
#cg-a_/b cents4   ,,smith',s ,,quarto   
,,geography1  combining ,maps and ,text 
in one volume2 well adapted to private  
study4 ,price1 #ge cents4 ,sent by mail1
 post-paid4  ,,daniel ,,burgess  ,co41  
,,publishers1 ,,no4 #fj ,,john ,,st41   
,n4 ,y4     ,,westward1 ,,ho6  ,a ,,new 
,,township ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,state ,,of
 ,,iowa1  ,showing the ,streams1 ,roads1
 ,towns1 ,post-offices1 ,county ,seats1 
,railroads1 c41 compiled from the latest
 ,u4 ,s4 ,surveys1 official information1
 and personal reconnoissance1 just      
published4 ,pocket edition4 ,very large 
and beautifully colored4  ,travellers1  
,emigrants1 and all others interested1  
will find this the best and only        
complete and reliable ,map of this      
,state published4 ,sent by mail1        

post-paid1 on receipt of ,one ,dollar4  
,,also1  ,a ,,new ,,sectional ,,map ,,of
 ,,the ,,state ,,of ,,wisconsin1        
,comprising all the most recent         
,surveys1 ,towns1 ,post-offices1        
,railroads1 ,county ,seats1 c41 c4 ,sent
 by mail1 post-paid1 for #fj cents4     
,these are very elegant ,maps1 and      
should be in the possession of every    
person who intends emigrating to the    
,western ,country4  ,dealers in ,western
 ,lands will find these ,maps           
invaluable4  ,address1  ,,daniel        
,,burgess  ,,co41 ,publishers1  ,no4 #fj
 ,john ,street1 ,new-,york4             
,,elocution ,,made ,,easy4              
,,containing   ,,rules ,,and            
,,selections   ,,for   ,,declamation    
,,and ,,reading1   ,,with   ,,figures   
,,illustrative ,,of ,,gesture1 ,,etc4   
,,by ,,rufus ,,claggett1 ,a4 ,m4  ,this 
book is given to the public with a view 
to encourage the study and practice of a
 branch of education which gives a      
tenfold vigor to all other intellectual 

acquirements4 ,thousands of men1        
otherwise well educated1 are often heard
 to lament their neglect of ,elocution  
in their school-boy days1 and their     
consequent inability to utter in public 
those thoughts which they would gladly  
disseminate1 and thereby confer a       
benefit on society4  ,the ,selections in
 this work are principally from standard
 ,american authors1 and contain         
everything which can ennoble the mind   
and fill it with exalted ideas of       
patriotism and virtue4 ,at the same     
time1 the price of the book is so low   
that it can be placed in the hands of   
every pupil1 where1 indeed1 we are      
confident it will shortly find its way4 
,,notices4  ,from the ,brooklyn ,evening
 ,star4  ,mr4 ,claggett1 the author of  
this work on ,elocution1 has well       
performed his task1 giving evidence on  
every page of his familiarity with the  
subject4 ,he has prepared several rules 
easily understood and applied1 and      
appended forty-eight figures            

illustrative of gestures4 ,the          
selections1 both in prose and poetry1   
are carefully made with reference to the
 object of the work4 ,we should like to 
see the work in daily use in our        
schools4  ,from the ,new-,york ,express4
  ,the whole theory and practice of the 
art of ,elocution is so dissected and   
simplified1 that the pupil cannot fail  
to get a thorough understanding of the  
subject4  ,sent by mail1 post-paid1 on  
receipt of #cj cents4  ,,daniel         
,,burgess  ,,co41 ,,publishers1  ,no4   
#fj ,john ,street1 ,new-,york4     ,a   
,,book ,,for ,,every ,,carpenter4  ,,the
 ,,american ,house-,carpenters' and     
,joiners' ,assistant4  ,,by ,,lucius ,d4
 ,,gould1 ,,architect4  ,a ,,new ,,and  
,,easy ,,system ,,of ,,instruction1     
,,especially ,,adapted ,,to ,,the       
,,wants ,,of ,,the ,,country4  ,the     
,publishers respectfully ask the        
attention of the ,public to this work1  
believing that anything that is         
calculated to favor an advance in the   

industrial arts1 must meet with the     
approbation of all who seek the         
elevation of the masses1 and cannot fail
 to be appreciated by the intelligent   
artisan4  ,,gould',s ,,american         
,,house-,,carpenters ,,and ,,joiner',s  
,,assistant  ,places within the reach of
 a ,carpenter1 with no other necessary  
preparation than an ordinary education1 
and a knowledge of the practical        
principles of his handicraft1 the       
highest efforts of the constructive art4
 ,it contains practical directions for  
performing the most difficult tasks of  
the business1 for cutting every         
description of joints1 framing and      
constructing every variety of roofs1    
mitering1 splayed work1 hand railing1   
c41 and to all this are added tables of 
the weight and cohesive strength of the 
different materials used in the         
construction of buildings1 and a        
,,complete ,,treatise ,,on              
,,mathematical ,,instruments1  ,making  
the reader familiar with the tools of   

his study4 ,the work is  ,,profusely    
,,illustrated ,,by ,,accurate ,,and     
,,beautiful ,,plates1  ,and should be in
 the hands of every ,carpenter and      
,joiner whose ambition reaches beyond   
the bench and the workshop4  ,persons   
desirous to canvass for the sale of this
 work1 can learn terms1 c41 by          
addressing the ,publishers1 post-paid4  
,one large ,quarto ,volume1 #age pages1 
price1 #c4jj4  ,a copy of the work will 
be sent by ,mail1 free of postage1 to   
any person remitting the sum above      
named4  ,read the following from ,the   
,trade ,journal3  ,to just such         
instructions as he meets with in this   
work1 is the writer of this paragraph   
indebted for his own advancement from   
the journeyman's rank to the position he
 now occupies4 ,the winter evenings     
spent in pursuing such studies1 would   
fit many a man1 now skilful as a        
workman1 to take a higher stand among   
his associates1 and a more useful one in
 the community4 ,the whole book1 which  

has been a very expensive one to get up1
 does great credit to the publishers1   
and when known generally1 cannot but    
receive a cordial welcome from that     
valuable class of men to whom we are    
indebted for the shelter afforded by    
'the house we live in4'  ,a new edition 
just out4 ,send and get a copy4         
,,daniel ,,burgess  ,co41  ,publishers1 
,no4 #fj ,john-st41 ,new-,york4         
,photographs and ,ambrotypes4  ,,the    
,,new ,,sun ,,pictures4  ,this new style
 of ,pictures which are soon destined to
 supercede the far-famed                
,,daguerreotypes  ,are taken in all     
their wonderful perfection by  ,n4 ,g4  
,,burgess1  ,at his ,rooms1 ,no4 #bic   
,,broadway1 ,new-,york4  ,all persons   
who may wish to see their ,,portraits   
,,true ,,to ,,life1 will do well to call
 at his ,gallery1 and procure one of    
these new glass pictures known as       
,,ambrotypes4  ,the perfection to which 
this ,art is brought1 has induced the   
,subscriber to bestow more than usual   

pains on this branch of ,photography1   
and he is now without a rival in the    
profession4  ,these ,,ambrotypes are    
sealed with a durable cement1 which     
renders them perfectly impervious to    
air1 and even water itself4 ,they are   
therefore  ,,imperishable4  ,this fact  
alone will recommend them before all    
other pictures taken by the ,sun's rays1
 added to which is their wonderful      
truthfulness1 being taken without       
reversal as in the ordinary             
,daguerreotype1 and capable of being    
viewed in any angle of light4           
,,photographs  ,taken in ,colors--of    
various sizes up to the ,,size ,,of     
,,life4  ,pupils taught the ,art of     
,ambrotyping and ,photography with the  
greatest care1 and warranted success4   
,all the various ,,chemicals used in the
 ,art for ,sale4  ,,burgess' ,,ambrotype
 ,,collodion1  ,a new and ,superior     
article--with full directions for use4  
,,chloride ,,of ,,gold1  ,for           
,daguerreotype purposes1 and            

,photographs4 ,the former has been made 
by the ,subscriber for the past twelve  
years1 and has gained a ,world ,wide    
reputation4 ,please address  ,n4 ,g4    
,,burgess1  ,photographic ,rooms1 ,no4  
#bic ,,broadway1 ,new-,york4  ,french1  
,german1 ,spanish1 and ,italian         
languages spoken at the rooms4          
,transcriber's ,notes3  ,passages in    
italics are indicated by underscore4    
,passages in bold are indicated by bold4