,transcrib]'s ,note ,a numb] ( typographical errors h be5 ma9ta9$ 9 ?is v]sion ( ?is book4 ,!y h be5 m>k$ ) a ,,tn-1 :i* ref]s to a description 9 ! complete li/ f\nd at ! end ( ! text4 ,! foll[+ codes are us$ = *>act]s n available 9 ! "* set us$ = ?is book3 dagg] d\ble dagg] ,,! ,,books ,,( ,,*ilan ,,balam1 ,! ,prophetic & ,hi/oric ,records ( ! ,mayas ( ,yucatan4 ,by ,,daniel ,g4 ,,br9ton1 ,m4 ,d4 ,,vice-,,presid5t ,,( ,,! ,,numismatic ,,& ,,antiqu>ian ,,society ,,( ,,philadelphia2 ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,philosophical ,,society2 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,antiqu>ian ,,society2 ,d,l,,gu ,,( ,,! ,,in/itution ,,e?nographique1 ,,etc41 ,,etc4 ,illu/ration ,,edw>d ,,/]n ,,co41 ,,philadelphia4 ,,prefatory ,,note4 ,! sub/ance ( ! pres5t pamphlet 0 pres5t$ z an address to ! ,numismatic & ,antiqu>ian ,society ( ,philadelphia1 at its meet+ 9 ,janu>y1 #ahhb1 & 0 pr9t$ 9 ! ,p5n ,mon?ly1 ,m>*1 #ahhb4 ,z ! subject is "o q new 9 ! field ( ,am]ican ar*ology & l+ui/ics1 x is believ$ t a republication 9 ! pres5t =m w be welcom$ by /ud5ts ( ^! bran*es4 ,,! ,,books ,,( ,,*ilan ,,balam4#e-99 ,civilization 9 anci5t ,am]ica rose to its highe/ level among ! ,mayas ( ,yucatan4 ,n to speak ( ! ar*itectural monum5ts :i* /ill rema9 to atte/ ?is1 we h ! evid5ce ( ! e>lie/ mission>ies to ! fact t !y alone1 ( all ! natives ( ! ,new ,_w1 possess$ a lit]ature writt5 9 lett]s & *>act]s1 pres]v$ 9 volumes neatly b\nd1 ! pap] manufactur$ f ! b>k ( a tree & siz$ ) a durable :ite v>ni%4#e- ,a few ( ^! books /ill rema91 pres]v$ to u by accid5t 9 ! great ,european libr>ies2 b mo/ ( !m 7 de/roy$ by ! monks4 ,_! cont5ts 7 f\nd to relate *iefly to ! pagan ritual1 to traditions ( ! hea!n times1 to a/rological sup]/itions1 & ! l4 ,h5ce1 !y 7 consid]$ delet]i\s1 & 7 burn$ :]ev] discov]$4 ,?is annihilation ( _! sacr$ books affect$ ! natives mo/ ke5ly1 z we are po9t$ly in=m$ by ,bi%op ,l&a1 himself "o ( ! mo/ ru?less ( ,v&als 9 ?is respect4#e- ,b already "s ( ! m intellig5t _h le>n$ ! ,spani% alphabet1 & ! mission>ies _h add$ a suffici5t numb] ( signs to x to express ) tol]able accuracy ! phonetics ( ! ,maya tongue4 ,rely+ on _! memories1 &1 no d\bt1 aid$ by "s manuscripts secretly pres]v$1 _m natives set to "w to write out 9 ?is new alphabet ! cont5ts ( _! anci5t records4 ,mu* 0 add$ :i* _h be5 br\ght 9 by ! ,europeans1 & mu* omitt$ :i* _h become un9telligible or obsolete s9ce ! ,conque/2 :ile1 ( c\rse1 ! diff]5t writ]s1 v>y+ 9 skill & k1 produc$ works ( v v>i\s m]it4 ,nev]!less1 ea* ( ^! books bore ! same "n4 ,9 :atev] village x 0 writt51 or by :atev] h&1 x always 01 & to-day /ill is1 call$ ,! ,book ( ,*ilan ,balam4 ,to di/+ui% !m ap>t1 ! "n ( ! village :]e a copy 0 f\nd or writt51 is add$4 ,probably1 9 ! la/ c5tury1 almo/ e village _h "o1 :i* 0 treasur$ ) sup]/iti\s v5]ation4 ,b ! opposition ( ! padres to ?is k9d ( lit]ature1 ! decay ( anci5t sympa?ies1 & especially ! long w> ( races1 :i* s9ce #ahdg has desolat$ s mu* ( ! p59sula1 h de/roy$ mo/ ( !m4 ,!re rema91 h[ev]1 ei!r portions or descriptions ( n less ?an sixte5 ( ^! curi\s records4 ,!y are kn[n f ! names ( ! villages respectively z ! ,book ( ,*ilan ,balam ( ,nabula1 ( ,*umayel1 ( ,kua1 ( ,mani1 ( ,oxkutzcab1 ( ,ixil1 ( ,tihosuco1 ( ,tixcocob1 etc41 ^! be+ ! names ( v>i\s native t[ns 9 ! p59sula4 ,:5 ,i add t n a s+le "o ( ^! has ev] be5 pr9t$1 or ev5 entirely translat$ into any ,european tongue1 x w be evid5t to e ar*ologi/ & l+ui/ :at a ri* & unexplor$ m9e ( in=mation ab\t ?is int]e/+ p !y may pres5t4 ,x is my int5tion 9 ?is article m]ely to t\* ^u a few sali5t po9ts to illu/rate ?is1 leav+ a ?or\gh discussion ( _! orig9 & cont5ts to ! future editor :o w br+ !m to ! k ( ! le>n$ _w4 ,turn+ fir/ to ! mean+ ( ! "n ,*ilan ,balam1 x is n difficult to f9d its d]ivation4 ,*ilan1 says ,bi%op ,l&a1 ! second bi%op ( ,yucatan1 ^: description ( ! native cu/oms is an invaluable s\rce to u1 0 ! "n ( _! prie/s1 ^: duty x 0 to tea* ! sci5ces1 to appo9t holy days1 to treat ! sick1 to (f] sacrifices1 & especially to utt] ! oracles ( ! gods4 ,!y 7 s highly honor$ by ! p t usually !y 7 c>ri$ on litt]s on ! %\ld]s ( ! devotees4#g-99 ,/rictly speak+1 9 ,maya *ilan means int]pret]1 m\?-piece1 f *ij1 ! m\?1 & 9 ?is ord9>y s5se frequ5tly occurs 9 o!r writ+s4 ,! ^w1 balam--lit]ally1 tig]1--0 also appli$ to a class ( prie/s1 & is /ill 9 use among ! natives ( ,yucatan z ! designation ( ! protective spirits ( fields & t[ns1 z ,i h %[n at l5g? 9 a rec5t /udy ( ! ^w z x occurs 9 ! ! native my?s ( ,guatemala4#g- ,*ilan ,balam1 !re=e1 is n a prop] "n1 b a title1 & 9 anci5t times designat$ ! prie/ :o ann\nc$ ! w ( ! gods & expla9$ ! sacr$ oracles4 ,?is acc\nts = ! univ]sality ( ! "n & ! sacr$ness ( its associations4 ,! dates ( ! books :i* h come d[n to u are v>i\s4 ,"o ( !m1 ,! ,book ( ,*ilan ,balam ( ,mani1 0 und\bt$ly compos$ n lat] ?an #aeie1 z is prov$ by int]nal evid5ce4 ,v>i\s passages 9 ! works ( ,l&a1 ,lizana1 ,san*ez ,aguil> & ,cogolludo--all e>ly hi/orians ( ,yucatan1--prove t _m ( ^! native manuscripts exi/$ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,sev]al rescripts date f ! sev5te5? c5tury1--mo/ f ! latt] half ( ! eighte5?4 ,! names ( ! writ]s are g5]ally n giv51 probably because ! books1 z we h !m1 are all copies ( old] manuscripts1 ) m]ely ! occasional addition ( curr5t items ( note by ! copyi/2 z1 = in/ance1 a malignant epidemic :i* prevail$ 9 ! p59sula 9 #afgc is m5tion$ z a pres5t occurr5ce by ! copyi/ ( ,! ,book ( ,*ilan ,balam ( ,nabula4 ,i come n[ to ! cont5ts ( ^! curi\s works4 ,:at !y conta9 may conv5i5tly be classifi$ "u f\r head+s3 ,a/rological & prophetic matt]s2 ,anci5t *ronology & hi/ory2 ,m$ical recipes & directions2 ,lat] hi/ory & ,*ri/ian tea*+s4 ,! la/-m5tion$ consi/ ( translations ( ! ,doctr9a1 ,bible /ories1 n>ratives ( ev5ts aft] ! ,conque/1 etc41 :i* ,i %all dismiss z ( lea/ int]e/4 ,! a/rology appe>s p>tly to be rem9isc5ces ( t ( _! anci5t hea!ndom1 p>tly t borr[$ f ! ,european almanacs ( ! c5tury #aeej-afej4 ,^!1 z is well kn[n1 7 cramm$ ) pr$ictions & div9ations4 ,a c>eful analysis1 bas$ on a comp>ison ) ! ,spani% almanacs ( t "t w\ld d\btless reveal h[ mu* 0 tak5 f !m1 & x w\ld be fair to presume t ! rema9d] 0 a survival ( anci5t native !ories4 ,b !re are n want+ actual prophecies ( a mu* m /rik+ "*4 ,^! 7 attribut$ to ! anci5t prie/s & to a date long prec$+ ! adv5t ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,"s ( !m h be5 pr9t$ 9 translations 9 ! ,hi/orias ( ,lizana & ,cogolludo1 & ( "s ! orig9als 7 publi%$ by ! late ,abb ,brasseur de ,b\rb\rg1 9 ! second volume ( ! reports ( ! ,mission ,sci5tifique au ,mexique et dans l',amrique ,c5trale4 ,_! au!nticity has be5 met ) consid]able skepticism by ,waitz & o!rs1 p>ticul>ly z !y seem to pr$ict ! arrival ( ! ,*ri/ians f ! ,ea/ & ! introduction ( ! wor%ip ( ! cross4 ,x appe>s to me t ?is incr$ulity is uncall$ =4 ,x is kn[n t at ! close ( ea* ( _! l>g] divisions ( "t 7! s-call$ katuns17 a *ilan1 or inspir$ div9]1 utt]$ a pr$iction ( ! "* ( ! ye> or epo* :i* 0 ab\t to beg94 ,l o!r w\ld-be prophets1 he _h d\btless le>n$ t x is wis] to pr$ict evil ?an good1 inasmu* z ! probabilities ( evil 9 ?is worri$ _w ( ours outweigh ^? ( good2 & :5 ! evil comes 8 words are rememb]$ to 8 cr$it1 :ile1 if1 p]*ance1 8 gloomy =eca/s are n realiz$1 no "o w be> him a grudge t he has be5 at fault4 ,! temp] ( ?is p 01 moreov]1 gloomy1 & x suit$ !m to he> ( ?reat5$ dang] & de/ruction by =eign foes4 ,b1 alas6 = !m4 ,! wor/ t ! bod+ words ( ! oracle =etold 0 z no?+ to ! dire ev5t :i* ov]took !m1--! de/ruction ( _! nation1 _! temples & _! fre$om1 'nea? ! iron heel ( ! ,spani% conqu]or4 ,z ! wise ,goe! says3 ,seltsam i/ ,prophet5li$1 ,do* mehr seltsam 0 ges*ieht4 ,z to ! suppos$ ref]5ce to ! cross & its wor%ip1 x may be rem>k$ t ! native ^w translat$ cross1 by ! mission>ies1 simply means a piece ( wood set upright1 & may well h _h a diff]5t & special signification 9 ! old days4 ,by way ( a specim5 ( ^! prophecies1 ,i quote "o f ,! ,book ( ,*ilan ,balam ( ,*umayel1 say+ at once t = ! translation ,i h dep5d$ ^u a comp>ison ( ! ,spani% v]sion ( ,lizana1 :o 0 bl9dly prejudic$1 & t 9 ,fr5* ( ! ,abb ,brasseur de ,b\rb\rg1 :o knew next to no?+ ab\t ,maya1 ) ! orig9al4 ,x w be easily und]/ood1 !re=e1 t x is r a p>aphrase ?an a lit]al r5d]+4 ,! orig9al is 9 %ort1 aphori/ic s5t5ces1 & 01 no d\bt1 *ant$ ) a rude rhy?m3 ,:at "t ! sun %all brighte/ %9e1 ,te>ful w be ! eyes ( ! k+4 ,f\r ages yet %all be inscrib$1 ,!n %all come ! holy prie/1 ! holy god4 ,) grief ,i speak :at n[ ,i see4 ,wat* well ! road1 ye dwell]s 9 ,itza4 ,! ma/] ( ! e>? %all come to u4 ,?us prophesies ,nahau ,pe*1 ! se]1 ,9 ! days ( ! f\r? age1 ,at ! "t ( its beg9n+4 ,su* are ! obscure & om9\s words ( ! anci5t oracle4 ,if ! date is au!ntic1 x w\ld be ab\t #adhj--! f\r? age 9 ! ,maya sy/em ( comput+ "t be+ a p]iod ( ei!r tw5ty or tw5ty-f\r ye>s at ! close ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ( little importance :e!r ^! are accurate copies ( ! anci5t prophecies2 !y rema91 at lea/1 fai?ful imitations ( !m1 compos$ 9 ! same _s & =m :i* ! native prie/s 7 wont to employ4 ,a numb] are giv5 mu* long] ?an ! above1 & conta9+ v>i\s curi\s ref]5ces to anci5t usages4 ,ano!r value !y h 9 common ) all ! re/ ( ! text ( ^! books1 & x is "o :i* w be prop]ly appreciat$ by any /ud5t ( languages4 ,!y are1 by common cons5t ( all compet5t au?orities1 ! g5u9e productions ( native m9ds1 ca/ 9 ! idiomatic =ms ( ! native tongue by ^? born to its use4 ,no matt] h[ flu5t a =eign] becomes 9 a language n 8 own1 he c nev] use x z does "o :o has be5 famili> ) x f *ildhood4 ,?is g5]al maxim is t5-fold true :5 we apply x to a ,european le>n+ an ,am]ican language4 ,! fl[ ( ?\ght1 z exhibit$ 9 ^! two l+ui/ic families1 is 9 su* diff]5t directions t no am\nt ( practice c r5d] "o equally accurate 9 bo?4 ,h5ce ! importance ( /udy+ a tongue z x is employ$ by natives2 & h5ce ! v high e/imate ,i place on ^! ,books ( ,*ilan ,balam z l+ui/ic mat]ial1--an e/imate mu* increas$ by ! great r>ity ( indep5d5t compositions 9 _! own tongues by memb]s ( ! native races ( ?is cont95t4 ,i n[ approa* :at ,i consid] ! peculi> value ( ^! records1 ap>t f ! l+ui/ic m\ld 9 :i* !y are ca/2 & t is ! light !y ?r[ ^u ! *ronological sy/em & anci5t hi/ory ( ! ,mayas4 ,to a limit$ ext5t1 ?is has already be5 br\ght be=e ! public4 ,! late ,don ,pio ,p]ez gave to ,mr4 ,/eph5s1 :5 9 ,yucatan1 an essay on ! me?od ( comput+ "t among ! anci5t ,mayas1 & also a brief synopsis ( ,maya hi/ory1 app>5tly go+ back to ! ?ird or f\r? c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,bo? 7 publi%$ by ,mr4 ,/eph5s 9 ! app5dix to 8 ,travels 9 ,yucatan1 & h appe>$ repeat$ly s9ce 9 ,engli%1 ,spani% & ,fr5*4#aj-99 ,!y h1 up to ! pres5t1 con/itut$ almo/ our sole s\rces ( in=mation on ^! int]e/+ po9ts4 ,don ,pio ,p]ez 0 r vague z to :5ce he d]iv$ 8 k4 ,he ref]s to anci5t manuscripts1 old au?orities1 & ! l2 b1 z ! ,abb ,brasseur de ,b\rb\rg ju/ly compla9s1 he r>ely quotes _! words1 & gives no descriptions z to :at !y 7 or h[ he ga9$ access to !m4#aa-99 ,9 fact1 ! :ole ( ,seor ,p]ez's in=mation 0 d]iv$ f ^! ,books ( ,*ilan ,balam2 &1 )\t wi%+ at all to detract f 8 reputation z an antiqu>y & a ,maya s*ol>1 ,i am oblig$ to say t he has dealt ) !m z s*ol>s s (t5 d ) _! au?orities2 t is1 hav+ fram$ 8 !ories1 he quot$ :at he f\nd 9 _! favor & neglect$ to ref] to :at he obs]v$ 0 aga9/ !m4 ,?us1 x is a c>d9al "q 9 ,yucatecan ar*ology z to :e!r ! epo* or age by :i* ! great cycle 7! ahau katun17 0 reckon$1 embrac$ tw5ty or tw5ty-f\r ye>s4 ,contr>y to all ! ,spani% au?orities1 ,p]ez decl>$ = tw5ty-f\r ye>s1 support+ himself by ! manuscripts4 ,x is true !re are ?ree ( ! ,books ( ,*ilan ,balam--^? ( ,mani1 ,kua & ,oxkutzcab1--:i* are di/9ctly 9 favor ( tw5ty-f\r ye>s2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 !re are f\r or five o!rs :i* are cle>ly = ! p]iod ( tw5ty ye>s1 & ( ^! ,don ,p]ez said no?+1 al?\gh copies ( m ?an "o ( !m 7 9 8 libr>y4 ,s ( ! epo*s1 or katuns1 ( ,maya hi/ory2 !re are ?ree or m copies 9 ^! books :i* he does n seem to h comp>$ ) ! "o he furni%$ ,/eph5s4 ,8 labor w h to be repeat$ accord+ to ! me?ods ( mod]n criticism1 & ) ! additional mat]ial obta9$ s9ce he wrote4 ,ano!r valuable feature 9 ^! records is ! h9ts !y furni% ( ! hi]oglyphic sy/em ( ! ,mayas4 ,almo/ our only au?ority h]et(ore has be5 ! essay ( ,l&a4 ,x has suff]$ some:at 9 cr$it because we _h no means ( v]ify+ 8 /atem5ts & comp>+ ! *>act]s he gives4 ,dr4 ,val5t9i has ev5 gone s f> z to attack "s ( 8 ass]tions z fabrications4 ,?is is an am\nt ( skepticism :i* exce$s bo? ju/ice & probability4 ,illu/ration3 ,,signs ,,( ,,! ,,mon?s1 ,,f ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,*ilan ,,balam ,,( ,,*umayel4 ,! *ronological portions ( ! ,books ( ,*ilan ,balam re,,tn-#a p>tly writt5 ) ! anci5t signs ( ! days1 mon?s & epo*s1 & !y furni% u1 also1 del9eations ( ! :eels :i* ! natives us$ = comput+ "t4 ,! =m] are s important to ! /ud5t ( ,maya hi]oglyphics1 t ,i h add$ photographic reproductions ( !m to ?is pap]1 giv+ also repres5tations ( ^? ( ,l&a = comp>ison4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! signs ( ! days are di/9ctly simil> 9 ! majority ( cases1 b t ^? ( ! mon?s are h>dly alike4 ,illu/ration3 ,,signs ,,( ,,! ,,mon?s1 ,,z ,,giv5 ,,by ,,bi%op ,,l&a4 ,! hi]oglyphs ( ! days tak5 f ! ,codex ,troano1 an anci5t ,maya book writt5 be=e ! ,conque/1 probably ab\t #adjj1 are also add$ to illu/rate ! v>iations :i* occurr$ 9 ! h&s ( diff]5t scribes4 ,^? f ! ,books ( ,*ilan ,balam are copi$ f a manuscript kn[n to ,maya s*ol>s z ! ,codice ,p]ez1 ( und\bt$ au!nticity & antiquity4#ad-99 ,! result ( ! comp>ison ,i ?us in/itute is a triumphant refutation ( ! d\bts & slurs :i* h be5 ca/ on ,bi%op ,l&a's "w & v9dicate = x a v high degree ( accuracy4 ,! hi]oglyphics = ! mon?s are q complicat$1 & 9 ! ,books ( ,*ilan ,balam are rudely drawn2 b1 = all t1 two or ?ree ( !m are evid5tly id5tical ) ^? 9 ! cal5d> pres]v$ by ,l&a4 ,"s ye>s ago1 ,pr(essor de ,rosny express$ himself 9 great d\bt z to ! fidelity 9 ! trac+ ( ^! hi]ogylphs,,tn-#b ( ! mon?s1 pr9cipally because he c\ld n f9d !m 9 ! two codices at 8 comm&4#ad- ,z he obs]ves1 !y are composite signs1 & ?is goes to expla9 ! discrepancy2 = x may be reg>d$ z e/abli%$ t ! ,maya script p]mitt$ ! use ( sev]al signs = ! same s\nd1 & ! sculptor or scribe 0 n oblig$ to repres5t ! same ^w always by ! same figure4 ,9 close relation to *ronology is ! sy/em ( num]ation & ! ari?metical signs4 ,^! are discuss$ ) consid]able fulness1 especially 9 ! ,book ( ,*ilan ,balam ( ,kua4 ,! num]als are repres5t$ by exactly ! same figures z we f9d 9 ! ,maya manuscripts ( ! libr>ies ( ,dresd51 ,pe/h1 ,p>is & ,madrid2 t is1 by po9ts or dots up to five1 & ! fives by s+le /raight l9es1 :i* may be indiscrim9ately drawn v]tically or horizontally4 ,! same book conta9s a table ( multiplication 9 ,spani% & ,maya :i* settles "s disput$ po9ts 9 ! use ( ! vigesimal sy/em by ! ,mayas4 ,a curi\s *apt] 9 sev]al ( ! books1 especially ^? ( ,kua & ,mani1 is t on ! ?irte5 ahau katuns1 or epo*s ( ! great] cycle ( ! ,mayas4 ,?is cycle embrac$ ?irte5 p]iods1 :i*1 z ,i h be=e rem>k$1 are comput$ by "s at tw5ty ye>s ea*1 by o!rs at tw5ty-f\r ye>s ea*4 ,ea* ( ^! katuns 0 presid$ ov] by a *ief or k+1 t be+ ! mean+ ( ! ^w ahau4 ,! books above-m5tion$ give bo? ! "n & ! portrait1 drawn & color$ by ! rude h& ( ! native arti/1 ( ea* ( ^! k+s1 & !y sugge/ sev]al int]e/+ analogies4 ,!y are1 9 ! fir/ place1 id5tical1 ) "o exception1 ) ^? on an anci5t native pa9t+1 an engrav+ ( :i* is giv5 by ,fa!r ,cogolludo 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,yucatan1 & expla9$ by him z ! repres5tation ( an occurr5ce :i* took place aft] ! ,spani>ds arriv$ 9 ! p59sula4 ,evid5tly1 ! native 9 ^: h&s ! wor?y fa!r f\nd x1 fe>+ t he p>took ( ! fanaticism :i* _h l$ ! mission>ies to ! de/ruction ( s _m records ( ! nation1 deceiv$ him z to its purport1 & gave him an explanation :i* import$ to ! scroll ! "* ( a h>mless hi/ory4 ,! "o exception is ! la/ or ?irte5? *ief4 ,cogolludo app5ds to ?is ! "n ( an ,indian :o probably did fall a victim to 8 fri5d%ip to ! ,spani>ds4 ,?is "n1 z a sort ( gu>antee = ! re/ ( 8 /ory1 ! native scribe ins]t$ 9 place ( ! g5u9e "o4 ,! peculi>ity ( ! figure is t x has an arr[ or dagg] driv5 into its eye4 ,n only is ?is m5tion$ by ,cogolludo's in=mant1 b x is repres5t$ 9 ! pa9t+s 9 bo? ! ,books ( ,*ilan ,balam above not$1 & also1 by a =tunate co9cid5ce1 9 "o ( ! cal5d>-pages ( ! ,codex ,troano1 plate xxiii41 9 a rem>kable c>t\*e1 :i*1 f a :olly indep5d5t c\rse ( reason+1 0 "s "t s9ce id5tifi$ by my e/eem$ correspond5t1 ,pr(essor ,cyrus ,?omas1 ( ,ill9ois1 z a c>t\*e ( "o ( ! ahau katuns1 & probably ( ! la/ ( !m4 ,x gives me mu* pleasure to add su* conclusive pro( ( ! sagacity ( 8 supposition4#ae-99 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,signs ,,( ,,! ,,days4 ,! fir/ column on ! "r is f ,l&a4 ,! second is f ! ,codex ,troano4 ,! rema9+ f\r are f ! ,book ( ,*ilan ,balam ( ,kua4 ,!re is o!r evid5ce to %[ t ! engrav+ 9 ,cogolludo is a relic ( ! pure/ anci5t ,maya symbolism1--"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ :i* h be5 pres]v$ to u2 b to ent] ^u its explanation 9 ?is connection w\ld be too f> f my pres5t topic4 ,a favorite !me ) ! writ]s ( ! ,books ( ,*ilan ,balam 0 ! cure ( diseases4 ,bi%op ,l&a expla9s ! *ilanes z sorc]]s & doctors1 & adds t "o ( _! prom95t duties 0 to diagnose diseases & po9t out _! appropriate rem$ies4#ah-99 ,z we might expect1 !re=e1 consid]able prom95ce is giv5 to ! description ( symptoms & sugge/ions = _! alleviation4 ,ble$+ & ! adm9i/ration ( prep>ations ( native plants are ! usual prescriptions2 b !re are o!rs :i* h probably be5 borr[$ f "s dome/ic m$ic9e-book ( ,european orig94 ,! late ,don ,pio ,p]ez gave a great deal ( att5tion to collect+ ^! native recipes1 & 8 manuscripts 7 c>efully exam9$ by ,dr4 ,b]5dt1 :o comb9$ all ! necess>y k1 botanical1 l+ui/ic & m$ical1 & :o has left a l>ge manuscript1 entitl$ ,recet>ios de ,indios1 :i* pres5ts ! subject fully4 ,he consid]s ! sci5tific value ( ^! rem$ies to be next to no?+1 & ! language 9 :i* !y are record$ to be di/9ctly inf]ior to t ( ! rema9d] ( ! ,books ( ,*ilan ,balam4 ,h5ce1 he believes t ?is portion ( ! anci5t records 0 supplant$ "s "t 9 ! la/ c5tury by m$ical notions introduc$ f ,european s\rces4 ,su*1 9 fact1 is ! /atem5t ( ! copyi/s ( ! books !mselves1 z ^! recipes1 etc41 are sometimes f\nd 9 a sep>ate volume1 entitl$ ,! ,book ( ! ,jew1--,el ,libro del ,judio4 ,:o ?is alleg$ ,jewi% physician 01 :o left s wide-spread & durable a r5[n among ! ,yucatecan natives1 none ( ! ar*ologi/s has be5 able to f9d out4#ah- ,! language & /yle ( mo/ ( ^! books are aphori/ic1 elliptical & obscure4 ,! ,maya language has naturally und]gone consid]able alt]ation s9ce !y 7 writt52 !re=e1 ev5 to compet5t read]s ( ord9>y ,maya1 !y are n readily und]/ood4 ,=tunately1 h[ev]1 !re are 9 exi/5ce excell5t diction>ies ( ! ,maya ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies1 :i*1 7 !y publi%$1 w\ld be suffici5t = ?is purpose4 ,a few p]sons 9 ,yucatan h appreciat$ ! desirability ( collect+ & pres]v+ ^! works4 ,don ,pio ,p]ez 0 ! fir/ to d s1 & ( liv+ ,yucatecan s*ol>s p>ticul> m5tion %\ld be made ( ! ,rev4 ,canon ,don ,cresc5cio ,c>rillo y ,an cona1,,tn-#c :o has writt5 a good1 & ,i believe ! only1 description ( !m :i* has yet appe>$ 9 pr9t4#ai-99 ,!y attract$ ! e>ne/ att5tion ( t em95t naturali/ & e?nologi/1 ! late ,dr4 ,c4 ,h]mann ,b]5dt1 & at a great exp5diture ( "t & labor he visit$ v>i\s p>ts ( ,yucatan1 & ) rem>kable skill made fac-simile copies ( ! mo/ important & complete specim5s :i* he c\ld any:]e f9d4 ,?is invaluable & unique collection has come into my h&s s9ce 8 dea?1 & x is ?is :i* has prompt$ me to make kn[n _! "* & cont5ts to ^? int]e/$ 9 su* subjects4 ,,footnotes3 #e-99 ,read be=e ! ,numismatic & ,antiqu>ian ,society ( ,philadelphia1 at its tw5ty-f\r? annual meet+1 ,janu>y #e?1 #ahhb4 #e- ,( ! num]\s au?orities :i* c\ld be quot$ on ?is po9t1 ,i %all give ! words ( b "o1 ,fa!r ,alonso ,ponce1 ! ,pope's ,commiss>y-,g5]al1 :o travell$ ?r\gh ,yucatan 9 #aehf1 :5 _m natives 7 /ill liv+ :o _h be5 born be=e ! ,conque/ 7#aeda74 ,fa!r ,ponce _h travell$ ?r\gh ,mexico1 &1 ( c\rse1 _h le>n$ ab\t ! ,aztec picture-writ+1 :i* he di/9ctly contra/s ) ! writ+ ( ! ,mayas4 ,( ! latt]1 he says3 ,son alabados de tres cosas entre todos los demas de la ,nueva ,espaa1 la una de que en su antigu$ad t5ian c>act]es y letras1 con que escribian sus hi/orias y las c]emonias y ord5 de los sacrificios de sus idolos y su cal5d>io1 en libros he*os de corteza de ci]to arbol1 los cuales eran unas tiras muy l>gas de qu>ta t]cia en an*o1 que se doblaban y recogian1 y v5ia qu$] man]a de un libro encu>d5ada en cu>tilla1 poco mas m5os4 ,e/as letras y c>act]es no las ent5dian1 s9o los sac]dotes de los idolos1 7que en aquella l5gua se llaman 'ahk9es1'7 y algun indio pr9cipal4 ,despues las ent5di]on y supi]on ler algunos frailos nue/ros y aun las escribi54--7,relacion ,breve y ,v]dad]a de ,algunas ,cosas de las ,mu*as que ,suc$i]on al ,padre ,fray ,alonso ,ponce1 ,comis>io-,g5]al en las ,prov9cias de la ,nueva ,espaa1 page #cib74 ,i "k no o!r au?or :o makes ! int]e/+ /atem5t t ^! *>act]s 7 actually us$ by ! mission>ies to imp>t in/ruction to ! natives2 b ,i le>n ?r\gh ,mr4 ,gats*et1 ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 ,wa%+ton1 t a manuscript writt5 9 ?is mann] by "o ( ! e>ly padres has rec5tly be5 discov]$4 #e- ,se les quemamos todos1 he writes1 lo qual m>avilla s5tian y les dava p5a4--,relacion de las ,cosas de ,yucatan1 page #caf4 #g-99 ,relacion de las ,cosas de ,yucatan1 page #afj4 #g- ,! ,names ( ! ,gods 9 ! ,ki*e ,my?s ( ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society1 ,vol4 ,,xix41 #ahha4 ,! t]m9al lett] 9 bo? ^! words--*ilan1 balam1--may be ei!r n or m1 ! *ange be+ "o ( dialect & local pronunciation4 ,i h foll[$ ! old] au?orities 9 writ+ ,*ilan ,balam1 ! mod]n pref]r+ ,*ilam ,balam4 ,seor ,eligio ,ancona1 9 8 rec5tly publi%$ ,hi/oria de ,yucatan1 7,vol4 ,i41 page #bdj1 note1 ,m]ida1 #ahgh17 (f]s ! absurd sugge/ion t ! "n balam 0 giv5 to ! native soo?say]s by ! e>ly mission>ies 9 ridicule1 d]iv+ x f ! well-kn[n p]sonage 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,x is surpris+ t ,seor ,ancona1 writ+ 9 ,m]ida1 _h nev] acqua9t$ himself ) ! ,p]ez manuscripts1 nor ) ^? 9 ! possession ( ,canon ,c>rillo4 ,inde$1 ! mo/ ( 8 treatm5t ( ! anci5t hi/ory ( 8 c\ntry is disappo9t+ly sup]ficial4 #aj-99 ,= example1 9 ! ,regi/ro ,yucateco1 ,tome ,,iii42 ,diccion>io ,univ]sal de ,hi/oria y ,geografia1 ,tome ,,viii4 7,mexico1 #ahee72 ,diccion>io ,hi/orico de ,yucatan1 ,tome ,i4 7,m]ida1 #ahff72 9 ! app5dix to ,l&a's ,cosas de ,yucatan 7,p>is1 #ahfd71 etc4 ,! epo*s1 or katuns1 ( ,maya hi/ory h be5 rec5tly aga9 analyz$ by ,dr4 ,felipe ,val5t9i1 9 an essay 9 ! ,g]man & ,engli% languages1 ! latt] 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian ,society1 #ahhj4 #aa-99 ,! ,abb's criticism occurs 9 ! note to page #djf ( 8 edition ( ,l&a's ,cosas de ,yucatan4 #ad-99 ,x is describ$ at l5g? by ,don ,cresc5cio ,c>rillo y ,ancona1 9 8 ,dis]tacion sobre la ,hi/oria de la ,l5gua ,maya 7,m]ida1 #ahgj74 #ad- ,je dois dcl>] que l'exam5 dans t\s leurs dtails du ',codex ,troano' et du ',codex ,p]esianus' m'invite de la faon la plus srieuse n'accept] ces signes1 t\t au mo9s au po9t de vue de l'exactitude de leur trac1 qu'avec une c]ta9e rs]ve4--,leon de ,rosny's ,essai sur le ,d*iffrem5t de l',ecriture ,hiratique de l',amrique ,c5trale1 page #ba 7,p>is1 #ahgf74 ,by ! ,codex ,p]esianus1 he does n mean ! ,codice ,p]ez1 b ! ,maya manuscript 9 ! ,biblio?que,,tn-#d ,nationale4 ,! id5tity ( ! names is confus+ & un=tunate4 #ae-99 ,! ,manuscript ,troano1 publi%$ 9 ,! ,am]ican ,naturali/1 ,augu/1 #ahha1 page #fdj4 ,?is manuscript or codex 0 publi%$ 9 *romo-li?ograph1 ,p>is1 #ahgi1 by ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t4 #ah-99 ,decl>> las necesidades y sus rem$ios4--,relation de las ,cosas de ,yucatan1 page #afj4 ,l mu* ( ,l&a's ,spani%1 ?is use ( ! ^w necesidad is colloquial1 & n classical4 #ah- ,a ,m$ic9a ,dome/ica1 "u ! "n ( ,don ,ric>do ,ossado1 7alias1 el ,judio17 0 publi%$ at ,m]ida 9 #ahcd2 b ?is appe>s to h be5 m]ely a booksell]'s device to aid ! sale ( ! book by attribut+ x to ! great unkn[n4 #ai-99 ,9 8 ,dis]tacion sobre la ,hi/oria de la ,l5gua ,maya ,yucateca 7,m]ida1 #ahgj74 ,transcrib]'s ,note ,! foll[+ misspell+s & typographical errors 7 ma9ta9$4 ,page ,error ,,tn-#a #aa re %\ld read are ,,tn-#b #ac hi]ogylphs %\ld read hi]oglyphs ,,tn-#c #ai ,an cona %\ld read ,ancona ,,tn-#d fn4 #ad- ,biblio?que %\ld read ,biblio?que