,transcrib]'s ,note3      ,e ef=t has  
be5 made to replicate ?is text z        
fai?fully z     possible2 "s m9or *anges
 h be5 made to correct typographical    
errors1 & "s inconsi/5t spell+4         
,,univ]sity ,,education                 
,,9                                     
,,irel&4                                
,,by ,,!                       ,,rev4   
,,samuel ,,haughton1 ,m4,d1 ,f4,r4,s41  
,,fell[ ,,( ,,tr9ity ,,college1 ,,dubl94
                           ,,london3    
,,williams  ,,norgate4                  
,,dubl93 ,mc,g,l,a,s,h,a,n  ,,gill4     
#ahfh4                                  
,price ,"o ,%ill+4                      
,,dubl93                       ,pr9t$ at
 ! ,univ]sity ,press1                   
,,by ,m4 ,h4 ,,gill4     ,,univ]sity    
,,education ,,9 ,,irel&4                
,,introduction4   ,! political condition
 ( ,irel& is1 at pres5t1 grave2 &1 9 !  
ev5t ( a w> ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 w\ld     
become m5ac+1 to ,engl&4  ,iri%         
politicians ass]t--& x is p>tly admitt$ 

by _! oppon5ts--t1 9 ! exi/+ /ate (     
,irel&1 ?ree que/ions dem& an imm$iate  
solution3 ^! que/ions are1 ! ,l& ,"q1 ! 
,*ur* ,"q1 & ! ,education ,"q4  ,! t5ant
 f>m]s ( ,irel& wi% = fixity ( t5ure1 & 
c>e b little = comp5sation =            
improvem5ts1 except z a means ( obta9+ a
 practical fixity ( t5ure2 & !y w\ld1   
unque/ionably1 rejoice to see transf]r$ 
to !mselves1 z occupi]s ( ! soil1 !     
rights n[ enjoy$ by abs5tee noblem5 &   
l&lords4 ,x is ! op9ion ( _m t ! ,l& "q 
_c be settl$ )\t su* a *ange ( own]s z  
w\ld practically am\nt to a revolution4 
,) respect to ! "q ( ! ,*ur*1 ! m       
intellig5t laym5 ( ! ,iri% ,national    
p>ty op5ly av[ _! wi% to ali5ate !      
prop]ty ( ! ,*ur*1 on ! gr\nd t its     
exi/5ce =ms a b>ri] to ! union ( ,iri%  
,prote/ants ) ! ,ca?olic majority 9 !   
=mation ( a truly ,national ,iri% p>ty4 
,x is ass]t$1 & app>5tly n )\t reason1 t
 if ! ,iri% ,prote/ants felt !mselves   
ca/ (f by ,engl&1 & _! ,*ur* end[m5ts   
confiscat$1 !y might become m will+ to  

jo9 _! c\ntrym5 9 an anti-,engli%       
policy1 :i* ! rude brea? ( w> might "s  
day fan into a dem& = an ,iri%          
,republic1 "u ! gu>antee ( ,france &    
,am]ica4 ,x is = ,engli% politicians to 
decide h[ f> ! advantages ( religi\s    
equality w\ld comp5sate = ! risk (      
national disloyalty4  ,! que/ions ( !   
,l& & ,*ur* 9 ,irel& w1 d\btless1 be    
fully discuss$ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons by  
p]sons acqua9t$ ) ^? que/ions1 &        
compet5t to d !m ju/ice2 b x may be     
fairly d\bt$ :e!r ! "q ( ,education 9   
,irel& w be exam9$ ) z full a k z w be  
br\ght to be> on ! o!r que/ions4 ,!     
foll[+ l9es are writt5 9 ! hope ( add+ a
 contribution ( facts t[>ds ! discussion
 ( "o bran* ( ! ,education "q--t :i*    
relates to ,univ]sity ,education 9      
,irel&4  ,my apology = writ+ on ?is "q  
is1 t ,i h be5 a ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity       
,college = ne>ly a qu>t] ( a c5tury1    
dur+ :i* "t ,i h tak5 an active "p 9 !  
educational re=ms :i* h plac$ !         
,graduates ( ,tr9ity ,college =emo/ 9   

all ! competitions = ! public s]vices ( 
,india1 ( ! ,army1 & ( ! ,colonies4 ,i  
am also entitl$ to be he>d z a ,cl]ical 
,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 hold+ 9 tru/ 
= 8 bro!r ,prote/ants ! preci\s gift (  
education bas$ on pure religion1 h&$ d[n
 to u by our =efa!rs1 9 def5ce ( :i* all
 true ,prote/ants are prep>$1 if        
necess>y1 to sacrifice _! lives4  ,two  
proposals 7 discuss$1 & a ?ird 0        
incid5tally allud$ to1 9 ! summ] (      
#ahfg1 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 respect+   
,univ]sity ,education 9 ,irel&2 "o ( ^! 
proposals involves a betrayal ( !       
religi\s base on :i* ! ,prote/ant       
,college ( ,elizabe? 0 f\nd$2 & ano!r   
involves a surr5d] = ev] ( ! high lit]>y
 & sci5tific /&>d ( ,dubl9 ,univ]sity1 &
 a p]man5t l[]+ ( high class education 9
 ,irel&4 ,aga9/ ! "o ,i feel b\nd to    
prote/1 z an e>ne/ ,prote/ant1 & aga9/ !
 o!r z an advocate = ! advancem5t (     
sci5ce & lett]s4  ,! proposals made 9   
,p>liam5t respect+ ,univ]sity ,education
 are all f\nd$ on ! g5]ally admitt$ fact

 t ,roman ,ca?olics 9 ,irel& h n got !  
same facilities = ,univ]sity ,education 
z ! ,prote/ants ( t c\ntry1 & t x is    
exp$i5t at once to r$ress ?is grievance4
 ,9 ord] to d s1 x has be5 propos$ to d 
"o or o!r ( ?ree ?+s3--      ,i4 ,to    
secul>ize ,tr9ity ,college1 by ?r[+ op5 
its ,fell[%ips        & ,s*ol>%ips to   
all ,/ud5ts1 irrespective ( religi\s    
qualification4     ,,ii4 ,to op5 !      
,univ]sity ( ,dubl9 to o!r ,colleges ?an
 ,tr9ity        ,college1 ?us trans=m+ !
 ,univ]sity ( ,dubl9 into a             
,national ,iri% ,univ]sity1 on ! model (
 ! ,univ]sity (        ,france4         
,,iii4 ,to grant a ,*>t] & ,end[m5t to a
 ,roman ,ca?olic ,univ]sity1        9   
:i* ! education giv5 %all be bas$ on    
religion1 z 9        ,tr9ity ,college at
 pres5t4  ,i %all endeav\r to /ate      
briefly ! objections :i* seem to me to  
be s fatal to ei!r ( ! fir/ two         
proposals1 z to leave u no alt]native b 
to accept ! ?ird horn ( ! ,educational  
dilemma3--   ,i4 ,,secul>ization ,,(    

,,tr9ity ,,college4  ,tr9ity ,college 0 
f\nd$ 9 ,dubl9 by ,que5 ,elizabe?1 9    
#aeia1 z a ,prote/ant ,univ]sity1 & = ! 
purpose ( giv+ to ,iri% ,prote/ants a   
,univ]sity ,education1 bas$ on !        
doctr9es & discipl9e ( ! ,re=m$ ,*ur* ( 
,engl&4 ,?is infant ,univ]sity 0 fo/]$  
by ! guid+ h& ( ! great ,"l ,burghley1  
its int]e/s 7 def5d$ by ! ill-fat$      
,essex1 & its ,/atutes 7 draft$ by !    
highly gift$ ,bi%op ,b$ell4  ,tr9ity    
,college has be5 well describ$ by h]    
enemies z a h&ful ( ,prote/ant ,cl]gym52
 because h] ,fell[s1 ) ! exception (    
?ree1 7 requir$ to take ,holy ,ord]s 9 !
 ,engli% ,*ur*2 & at ! pres5t mom5t five
 only ( h] ?irty-two ,fell[%ips are     
p]mitt$ by ,/atute to be held by laym54 
,tr9ity ,college is n[ ne>ly ?ree       
c5turies 9 exi/5ce1 & may be reg>d$ z ! 
only ,engli% in/itution t ev] succe$$ 9 
,irel&4  ,! sons ( ! ,alma ,mat] f\nd$  
by ,elizabe? may be excus$ if !y po9t ) 
pride to ! names ( ,us%]1 ,k+1 & ,magee1
 among h] !ologians2 to ,b]keley1       

,br9kley1 & ,hamilton1 among h] ?9k]s & 
ma!maticians2 & to ,swift1 ,goldsmi?1   
,burke1 & ,plunket1 among/ ^? :om %e has
 giv5 to lit]ature1 oratory1 & politics1
 ^: names %all live s long z religion1  
sci5ce1 & lett]s attract ! respect &    
claim ! /udy ( educat$ ,engli%m54       
,tr9ity ,college has nev] be51 & nev] 0 
int5d$ to be1 a national in/itution2 h] 
emolum5ts1 h] ,fell[%ips & ,s*ol>%ips1  
are ! prop]ty ( ! ,iri% memb]s ( !      
,engli% ,*ur*2 & ! proposal to ?r[ !m   
op5 to ! competition ( ,roman ,ca?olics 
& ,diss5t]s is a proposal = !           
confiscation1 s f>1 ( ! prop]ty ( ,iri% 
,prote/ants4 ,tr9ity ,college has well &
 fai?fully dis*>g$ ! "p %e 0 requir$ to 
fill2 %e has ma9ta9$ ! pure doctr9e ( ! 
,engli% ,*ur* aga9/ all oppon5ts2 %e has
 re>$ h] ,/ud5ts z fai?ful *ildr5 ( t   
,*ur*2 %e has giv5 !m an education t    
enables !m to compete successfully ) all
 rivals 9 ! walks ( lit]ature & sci5ce2 
& x _c be fairly alleg$ aga9/ h] z a    
fault t %e has n provid$ = ! educational

 wants ( ,iri% ,ca?olics2 %e 0 nev]     
int5d$ to d s4  ,! lov]s ( ! gorge\s    
,rose ne$ n blu% because %e wants !     
col\r & grace ( ! beautiful ,lily2 & ,i 
may well be p>don$ = believ+ t no       
bright] or fair] fl[] blooms 9 ! g>d5 ( 
! ,we/1 ?an ! ,tudor ,rose plant$ 9     
,dubl9 by ! pr\d ,elizabe?4  ,9 ord] to 
e/imate rightly ! effects ( !           
secul>ization ( ,tr9ity ,college1 bo? ^u
 ! ,prote/ants & ! ,roman ,ca?olics (   
,irel&1 x w be necess>y to give a       
num]ical view ( ! relative proportions (
 ! diff]5t religions & pr(essions among 
! ,/ud5ts ( t ,college4 ,tak+ an av]age 
( ! pa/ t5 ye>s1 !re are #abjj ,/ud5ts  
on ! books ( ,tr9ity ,college4 ,( ^!    
#abjj ,/ud5ts1 #hjj are 9 daily         
att5dance ^u lectures1 & may be         
classifi$ z foll[s3--      #a4 ,div9ity 
,/ud5ts1                 #afj     #b4   
,m$ical ,/ud5ts1                  #bdj  
#c4 ,law ,/ud5ts1                       
#gj     #d4 ,eng9e]+ ,/ud5ts1           
#fj     #e4 ,civil ,s]vice ( ,india1    

#cj     #f4 ,non-pr(essional ,/ud5ts1   
#bdj                                    
----                     ,total1        
#hjj  ,9 ord] to f9d ! proportion (     
,roman ,ca?olics1#a ,i h tak51 at r&om1 
five ye>s f #ahee to #ahei1 dur+ :i*    
#acgh ,/ud5ts ent]$ ,tr9ity ,college1 ( 
:om #hj 7 ,roman ,ca?olics1 & #fa 7     
,prote/ant ,diss5t]s & ,jews4 ,we may1  
!re=e1 assume t ! #abjj ,/ud5ts are     
di/ribut$ z foll[s3--      #a4 ,engli%  
,*ur*1                   #ajgg     #b4  
,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1              #gj 
#c4 ,prote/ant ,diss5t]s1               
#ec                                     
----                     ,total1        
#abjj  ,! prec$+ figures give an av]age 
( six p] c5t4 ( ,roman ,ca?olic ,/ud5ts 
9 ,tr9ity ,college1 & 9 no dep>tm5t ( ! 
,college d !y exce$ t5 p] c5t4 ,?us1 9 !
 ,m$ical ,s*ool1 9 :i* !re is a l>g]    
proportion ?an 9 o!r pr(essional s*ools1
 dur+ ! f\r ye>s end+ #ahfg1 out ( #cjj 
,/ud5ts matriculat$ 9 ,m$ic9e1 exactly  
?irty 7 ,roman ,ca?olics1 & ?ree 7      

,jews4  ,let u n[ exam9e briefly !      
effect ( secul>iz+ ,tr9ity ,college ^u !
 ,prote/ant & ,roman ,ca?olic ,/ud5ts   
respectively4  ,x _c be believ$ by any  
"o1 t ! pass+ ( an ,act ( ,p>liam5t     
secul>iz+ ,tr9ity ,college w\ld alt] 9 !
 slighte/ degree ! s5tim5ts & wi%es ( ! 
#aajj ,/ud5ts ( ! ,engli% ,*ur*1 or ^? (
 ! p>5ts & gu>dians :o plac$ !m 9       
,tr9ity ,college1 kn[+ & expect+ t !y   
w\ld !re receive1 n only a lib]al       
education1 b in/ruction & tra9+ 9 !     
pr9ciples ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,^? #aajj 
"y & intellig5t ,/ud5ts w\ld /ill dem&  
an education bas$ ^u religion2 a dem&   
:i* w\ld be promptly answ]$ by !        
,cl]ical ,fell[s ( ! ,college2 & x _c be
 d\bt$ t1 if !y 7 well l$ by e>ne/ &    
compet5t tea*]s1 !y w\ld f\nd a second  
,tr9ity ,college )9 ! walls1 :i* w\ld   
p]petuate ! pr9ciples ( ! ,college f\nd$
 by ,elizabe?4 ,su* a movem5t !         
,p>liam5t w\ld f9d itself unable to     
control2 = ! portion ( ! funds ( ,tr9ity
 ,college t is n[ exp5d$ on ! education 

( ! ,cl]gy w\ld be all[$1 9 common      
ju/ice1 to be allocat$ 9 future to !    
same object2 & ! ,cl]ical ,pr(essors &  
,fell[s w\ld ga!r r\nd !m ! g]m ( !     
,tr9ity ,college ( ! future1 fai?ful to 
! traditions ( ! pa/1 & p]*ance surpass+
 ! reputation ( ! old ,college = le>n+4 
,f :at ,i "k ( ! e>ne/ _s ( ,iri%       
,prote/ants1 & ( _! det]m9ation to      
secure = _! *ildr5 an education f\nd$ on
 ! pure ^w ( ,god1 ,i believe t !       
,cl]ical ,tutors ( ! ,college w\ld at   
once transf] to !mselves ! great        
majority ( ! ,prote/ant ,/ud5ts (       
,tr9ity ,college4  ,"s #ajj or #bjj     
,/ud5ts might pref] to receive !        
in/ruction1 & rew>d ! c>e1 ( su* lay    
,fell[s z might f9d _! way into !       
secul>iz$ ,corporation1 & ?us a p]man5t 
dome/ic s*ism w\ld become e/abli%$      
betwe5 ! cl]ical & lay elem5ts ( !      
,college1 :i* are n[ happily at peace4  
,:atev] might be ! future ( ! ,college1 
x is c]ta9 t1 at ! outset1 ! ,secul>    
,fell[s ( ! ,college w\ld h to und]go ! 

rivalry ( a tra9$ b& ( ,prote/ant       
tea*]s1 support$ by sympa?iz+ ,/ud5ts1  
bo? sm>t+ "u an angry s5se ( wrong &    
inju/ice4  ,let u n[ inquire h[ !       
secul>ization ( ,tr9ity ,college w\ld   
please ! ,roman ,ca?olic p>ty 9 ,irel&4 
,! ,roman ,ca?olic ,cl]gy w>n _! flocks 
aga9/ ,tr9ity ,college z a ,prote/ant   
,in/itution1 necess>ily dang]\s to !    
pr9ciples ( ,ca?olic ,/ud5ts2 &1 9 ?us  
w>n+ !m1 !y are practically wise1 = x is
 simply impossible = sev5ty ,ca?olics to
 associate ) #aajj ,prote/ants1 z equals
 & fell[ ,/ud5ts1 )\t r5\nc+1 m or less1
 ! n>r[ views respect+ ,prote/ants t    
prevail among ! high] circles ( _!      
,hi]>*y4  ,tr9ity ,college1 h[ev]1      
al?\gh consid]$ dang]\s1 has nev] be5   
plac$ by ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,cl]gy 9 !   
same category z ! ,que5's ,colleges1 :i*
 are ess5tially secul>iz$ in/itutions1  
)\t a recogniz$ religion1 & godless3 z  
su* !y are absolutely condemn$ by !     
,hi]>*y1 & fai?ful ,ca?olics are        
prohibit$ f ent]+ _! walls4  ,!         

practical effect ( secul>iz+ ,tr9ity    
,college1 if ! exp]im5t 7 successful1   
w\ld be to conv]t x into a f\r? ,que5's 
,college1 & x w\ld ?us become "o ( a    
class ( ,educational ,in/itutions :i* ! 
,*ur* ( ,rome has always1 & consi/5tly1 
=bidd5 h] *ildr5 to ent]4 ,x is h>d to  
see h[ su* a plan z ?is c be rationally 
advocat$1 on ! gr\nd t x w\ld satisfy ! 
j dem&s ( ! ,ca?olics ( ,irel&4  ,s f>1 
!re=e1 z ,iri% ,roman ,ca?olics are     
conc]n$1 ! secul>ization ( ,tr9ity      
,college w\ld be to !m a loss1 & n a    
ga92 = x w\ld transf] education 9 ?is   
,college f ! li/ ( dang]\s to t (       
prohibit$ enjoym5ts4  ,i ne$ sc>cely add
 h[ mean & v9dictive w\ld be ! _s t w\ld
 secul>ize ,tr9ity ,college1 9 ord] to  
injure ! ,iri% ,prote/ants1 )\t any     
correspond+ b5efit to ! ,iri% ,ca?olics4
  ,i believe1 !re=e1 t x w\ld be        
impolitic = ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t to      
secul>ize ,tr9ity ,college1 = ! foll[+  
reasons3--    #a4 ,x w\ld irritate !    
,iri% ,prote/ants to deprive !m ( a     

,college      f\nd$ on ! pr9ciples ( _! 
,*ur*1 :i* has done its duty1      & has
 possess$ _! confid5ce = ?ree c5turies4 
#b4 ,x w\ld n satisfy ! j dem& ( ! ,iri%
 ,ca?olics =      ,univ]sity ,education1
 m]ely to admit !m to ! ,fell[%ips &    
,s*ol>%ips ( a secul>iz$ ,college1 !    
pr9ciple ( :i* !y      mu/ feel b\nd to 
condemn4   ,,ii4 ,,national ,,univ]sity 
,,( ,,irel&4  ,! second plan t has be5  
sugge/$ = solv+ ! ,univ]sity "q 9       
,irel&1 9 "o =m or o!r1 am\nts to a     
proposal to ?r[ op5 ! ,univ]sity (      
,dubl91 or ! ,que5's ,univ]sity 9       
,irel&1 or bo?1 s z to embrace 9 "o     
,univ]sity a numb] ( ,colleges1 ea*     
reta9+ its own sy/em ( religi\s tra9+ & 
discipl9e1 & its own end[m5ts1 & s5d+ up
 its ,/ud5ts to pass ! ,exam9ations ( ! 
,c5tral ,univ]sity1 ^: functions w\ld be
 r$uc$ to ^? ( an ,exam9+ ,bo>d4  ,i    
readily admit t ?is proposal is free f  
"o ( ! objections ,i h urg$ aga9/ !     
proposal to solve ! ,univ]sity problem  
by secul>iz+ ,tr9ity ,college1 & t x    

leaves bo? ,prote/ants & ,ca?olics free 
to tra9 _! sons 9 ! religi\s fai? &     
traditions ( _! =efa!rs4  ,?is          
advantage1 al?\gh great1 w\ld1 h[ev]1 9 
my op9ion1 be pur*as$ at ! co/ ( degrad+
 = ev] ! /&>d ( ,univ]sity ,education 9 
,irel&4  ,if ?is objection c be         
e/abli%$1 x ought to h peculi> weight 9 
consid]+ ! "q ( ,iri% ,univ]sity        
,education4 ,engl& diff]s ess5tially f  
,irel&1 9 af=d+ to h] "y m5 c\ntless    
op5+s 9 e walk ( life1 ) or )\t !       
b5efits ( ,univ]sity ,education1 :i* 9  
,engl& may be reg>d$ z a luxury enjoy$  
by ! ri*2 :]eas 9 ,irel& an ,univ]sity  
,education is frequ5tly a necessity     
impos$ ^u ! sons ( ! less weal?y middle 
classes4 ,! op5+s 9 life = "y m5 ( ?is  
class 9 ,irel& are s v limit$1 t !y mu/ 
ei!r emigrate1 or rely on _! tal5ts &   
education1 9 pu%+ _! way 9 ! le>n$      
pr(essions 9 ,engl& & ! ,colonies4 ,h5ce
 x foll[s1 t any l[]+ ( ! /&>d (        
,univ]sity ,education 9 ,irel& w\ld be  
foll[$ by peculi>ly disa/r\s effects4   

,at ! pres5t mom5t1 ,tr9ity ,college may
 be reg>d$ z a manufactory = turn+ out !
 highe/ class ( competitors = success 9 
! ,*ur*1 at ! ,engli% ,b>1 9 ! ,civil   
,s]vice ( ,india1 & 9 ! ,sci5tific &    
,m$ical ,s]vices ( ! ,army & ,navy2 &   
any legislation :i* w\ld produce !      
effect ( l[]+ ! pres5t high /&>d ( h]   
degrees1 w\ld t5d to de/roy ! prospects 
( ! educat$ classes 9 ,irel&1 & become  
to ^? classes little %ort ( a national  
calamity4  ,9 ord] to e/abli% my        
objection1 x is necess>y to call to our 
recollection ! anci5t & true notion ( an
 ,univ]sity4  ,) ! exception ( ,ox=d &  
,cambridge1 !re is no example ( an      
anci5t ,univ]sity 9 ,europe compos$ ( a 
collection ( free ,colleges1 unit$ by ! 
common bond ( an ,univ]sity1 ( :i* all  
are memb]s1 & :i* conducts !            
,exam9ations = ,degrees4  ,all o!r      
anci5t ,univ]sities resemble !          
,univ]sity ( ,tr9ity ,college 9 ,dubl91 
9 consi/+ ( a s+le ,college possess+1   
ei!r f ! ,pope or f ! ,cr[n1 !          

,univ]sity privilege ( grant+ ,degrees4 
,9 mod]n times1 no nation b ,france has 
se5 fit to dep>t f ?is anci5t =m (      
,univ]sity ,education2 & 9 t c\ntry     
c5tralization is s popul> & s complete1 
t ! ,univ]sity ( ,france1 ) its         
affiliat$ ,colleges1 has met ) a success
 v c]ta9 n to foll[ a simil> exp]im5t 9 
,irel&4 ,all ! ,colleges 9 ,france are  
m\ld$ ^u ! same type1 f :i* no deviation
 is p]mitt$2 & all are "u ,/ate control1
 :i* 9 ,france re/ra9s fre$om (         
education by ! same trammels z fre$om ( 
spee*1 or lib]ty ( ! press4 ,! ,m9i/] ( 
,public ,in/ruction c boa/ t :5 ! clock 
/rikes 8 telegraph$ ord] sets 9 motion !
 tongues ( 8 ,pr(essors 9 ,p>is1 9      
,/rasburgh1 9 ,lyons1 & t ! same        
lectures1 9 almo/ ! same words1 are     
deliv]$ )9 ! same h\r to all ! educat$  
y\? ( ,france4 ,?is drill+ ( ! intellect
 by ! s]geants ( ! ,emp]or pleases = !  
pres5t ! fancy ( ! ,fr5*2 x w\ld        
infallibly fail 9 ,irel&4  ,! condition 
ess5tial to success 9 unit+ sev]al      

,colleges into a common ,univ]sity is   
sam5ess ( type 9 ! education giv51 &    
sam5ess ( discipl9e 9 ! v>i\s ,colleges4
 ,?is condition is atta9$ 9 ,france by !
 c5traliz+ & irresi/ible p[] ( ! ,/ate2 
9 ,ox=d & 9 ,cambridge x has gr[n up    
spontane\sly1 & has p>tially succe$$2 9 
,ox=d1 h[ev]1 z 9 ,cambridge1 !         
multiplicity ( ,colleges & ( rival1 ?\gh
 simil> int]e/s1 has produc$ feebl5ess 9
 ! gov]nm5t ( ! c5tral au?ority1 :i* is 
a fault little compla9$ ( 9 ! ,univ]sity
 ( ,france4  ,i %all pres5tly inquire   
:e!r ! ,colleges ( ,irel& pres5t t      
simil>ity ( type :i* is ess5tial to !   
success ( ! exp]im5t ( fus+ !m all into 
a common ,univ]sity2 b 9 ! meantime1    
admitt+1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 t !        
exp]im5t w\ld succe$1 x is wor? :ile to 
ask :e!r x w\ld be an advantage to !    
c\ntry4  ,9 ,france we see ! p]fection (
 c5tralization & id5tity 9 ! ,lyceums & 
,colleges ( ! entire c\ntry2 9 ,g]many1 
on ! contr>y1 we witness ! full         
developm5t ( ! anci5t collegiate idea ( 

! ,univ]sity2 tw5ty-sev5 di/9ct &       
indep5d5t ,univ]sity c5tres ( education 
exi/ among =ty millions ( ,g]mans1 ea*  
,univ]sity diff]+ f ! o!r1 & ea*        
possess+ its peculi> type ( excell5ce1  
to attract its ,/ud5ts4 ,i believe t all
 :o are acqua9t$ ) ! pres5t condition ( 
sci5ce & lett]s 9 ! two c\ntries w be   
dispos$ to agree 9 ?9k+ t ! intellect ( 
,france is cramp$ by ! imp]ial cradle 9 
:i* x is re>$1 :ile ! g5ius ( ,g]many is
 fo/]$ by ! fre$om ( ?\ght1 /imulat$ by 
su* excell5t1 ?\gh div]se c5tres (      
developm5t1 z ,vi5na1 ,muni*1           
,heidelb]g1 ,bonn1 or ,b]l94  ,univ]sity
 education 9 ,france pleases !          
doctr9aire1 j z p>t]res ( fl[]s ( simil>
 hue please ! eyes ( ! g>d5]2 :ile !    
,univ]sities ( ,g]many delight ! ?9k]1 z
 ! graceful =ms & v>i$ col\rs ( ! fl[]s 
( "s tropical =e/ please ! travell]1 ^: 
in/9ctive ta/e pref]s ! *>ms & grace (  
nature to ! symmetry & rules ( art4  ,! 
exp]im5t ( ! union ( diff]5t ,colleges 9
 a common ,univ]sity has succe$$ 9      

,france1 9 ,ox=d1 & 9 ,cambridge1 9     
consequ5ce ( ! simil>ity ( ! ,colleges  
unit$ toge!r2 b su* an exp]im5t attempt$
 9 ,irel& w\ld fail1 z c]ta9ly z an     
attempt to unite ,ox=d & ,cambridge into
 "o ,univ]sity w\ld fail4  ,we possess 9
 ,irel& ?ree di/9ct types ( ,collegiate 
education1 ( :i* may be cit$ z          
examples--,tr9ity ,college1 9 ,dubl92 ! 
,roman ,ca?olic ,college ( ,c>l[1 &     
,que5's ,college1 9 ,belfa/4 ,^!        
,colleges repres5t1 respectively1 !     
religi\s ,prote/ant type1 ! ,roman      
,ca?olic type1 & ! secul> or mix$ type1 
( ,collegiate discipl9e & tra9+4 ,any   
p]son ( education acqua9t$ ) ,irel& kn[s
 ! impossibility ( fus+ su* di/9ct      
elem5ts 9 a common crucible2 & yet ea*  
sy/em1 9 its way1 is excell5t1 & w      
produce good fruits1 if left to develope
 itself1 & n =c$ ^u ^? :o consci5ti\sly 
diss5t f its fundam5tal pr9ciples4  ,let
 u suppose1 h[ev]1 ! exp]im5t tri$ by   
p]sons only p>tially acqua9t$ )         
education1 & ) ! condition ( ,irel&--&  

by su* only c\ld x be attempt$--!n x is 
easy to see t success c\ld be obta9$    
only at ! exp5se ( l[]+ ! /&>d (        
education4  ,x is pla9 t "o or o!r ( two
 ?+s w\ld happ53 ei!r ! ,univ]sity      
,s5ate w\ld be compos$ ( p]sons altoge!r
 indep5d5t ( ! ,colleges1 & appo9t$ by !
 ,/ate1 or x w\ld consi/1 z 9 ,ox=d &   
,cambridge1 ( heads ( ,colleges & p]sons
 repres5t+ _! v>i$ int]e/s4  ,9 ! fir/  
case suppos$ we %\ld witness ! pa9ful & 
degrad+ spectacle ( ,iri% ,colleges     
submitt$ to ! rule ( ,/ate-appo9t$1     
p]haps1 ,/ate-paid ,gov]nors1 :o1 "u !  
"n ( an ,univ]sity ,s5ate1 w\ld         
prescribe ! curriculum = degrees1 appo9t
 ,exam9]s1 & conf] ! titles aw>d$ by ^? 
,exam9]s4  ,x is n possible to suppose t
 a ,s5ate appo9t$ by an au?ority outside
 ! ,colleges1 & consi/+ ( p]sons remov$ 
f ! details ( ,univ]sity ,education1    
w\ld be compet5t to decide ! weighty &  
important que/ions t mu/ come be=e !m2 9
 fact1 a ,s5ate con/itut$ z ,i h        
suppos$1 9 discuss+ que/ions (          

education1 w\ld be ab\t z likely to come
 to a wise decision z a collection (    
%oemak]s speculat+ on ! /ructure ( a    
wat*1 & mak+ proposals = its improvem5t1
 :o w c]ta9ly de/roy ! delicate ma*9]y  
!y are unable to und]/&1 unless !y h !  
sagacity to call 9 ! wat*mak]s to _!    
aid4  ,x might be imag9$ t ! /&>d (     
education c\ld be ma9ta9$ by su* a      
sy/em1 on ! hypo!sis t a ,/ate-nom9at$  
,s5ate w\ld always appo9t compet5t      
,exam9]s2 b 9 su* a case ^? ,exam9]s    
w\ld !mselves become ! ,univ]sity1 &    
w\ld regulate ! value ( ! degrees       
conf]r$ by x1 & ! c\ntry c\ld h no      
gu>antee t ! /&>d ( education w\ld      
cont9ue to be ma9ta9$2 = ?is w\ld be to 
suppose1 on ! "p ( successive           
,gov]nm5ts1 a purity 9 _! appo9tm5t (   
,s5ators :i* no rational man expects w  
ev] be f\nd outside ! b\nd>ies ( ! k+dom
 ( ,laputa4  ,if ! ,s5ate ( ! ,national 
,univ]sity 7 compos$ ( ,/ate (ficials1  
!y w\ld feel !mselves b\nd to ma9ta9 !  
int]e/s ( all ! ,colleges committ$ to _!

 c>e1 & x w\ld be impossible to ma9ta9 !
 /&>d ( ,degrees at a po9t high] ?an !  
atta9m5ts ( ! weake/ ,college 9 !       
p>tn]%ip1 ^: defective /&>d w\ld        
regulate t ( ! ,univ]sity ,degree1 j z !
 sail+ ( ! sl[e/ tub 9 ! squadron       
regulates ! manoeuvres ( ! entire fleet4
  ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! ,s5ate ( !        
,national ,iri% ,univ]sity %\ld be      
compos$1 aft] ! model ( ,ox=d &         
,cambridge1 ( ! heads & repres5tatives (
 ! v>i\s ,iri% ,colleges1 al?\gh lib]ty 
( education might be pres]v$1 ! /&>d ( !
 degrees w\ld become degrad$ by ! simple
 op]ation ( a natural law easy to       
expla94  ,! heads ( ! ,iri% ,colleges1  
unit$ into a happy family ,univ]sity by 
! h&s ( a pat]nal ,gov]nm5t1 w\ld ei!r  
/ruggle ) ea* o!r = supremacy1 or ent]  
into a compromise = peace sake1 on "s   
su* plan z ! foll[+3--  ,aft] a few     
prelim9>y skirmi%es1 to try ea* o!r's   
skill1 9 arrang+ a common curriculum 9  
,morals or ,hi/ory1 x w\ld be f\nd t    
pr(\nd & irreconcileable diff]5ces exi/$

 among ! ,colleges on ! mo/ elem5t>y    
pr9ciples1 & t x w\ld be impossible = ! 
heads ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ( ,/4         
,patrick's ,college ( ,maynoo?1 (       
,que5's ,college ( ,belfa/1 & ( o!r     
in/itutions1 to agree ^u a common       
curriculum ( education1 or ev5 (        
exam9ation = ,degrees1 t w\ld satisfy ! 
reasonable & consci5ti\s scruples ( all 
p>ties4  ,"u ^! circum/ances1 a sort (  
b>ga9 w\ld be made betwe5 ! heads ( !   
v>i\s ,colleges1 :o w\ld agree to take  
ea* o!r's c]tificates )\t *all5ge1 &    
conf] ! ,degrees recomm5d$ by ea*       
indep5d5tly ( ! o!rs4  ,! ,univ]sity &  
its ,s5ate w\ld ?us become simply a     
ma*9]y = au?oriz+ ! ,/ud5ts ( ! v>i\s   
,colleges to add c]ta9 lett]s1 su* z ,m4
 ,a41 or ,,ll4 ,b41 aft] _! names2 & x  
w\ld become ! int]e/ ( all ! ,colleges 9
 :i* a really good education 0 giv51 t  
su* lett]s %\ld h a =mal significance   
only2 ! education itself1 te/ifi$ by !  
addition ( ! "n ( ! ,college1 hav+ alone
 a real m>ket value readily appreciat$  

by ! public4 ,ea* ,college ( reputation 
w\ld be c>eful to h its own "n ins]t$   
aft] ! lett]s signify+ ! ,univ]sity     
,degree1 & ?us w\ld be practically      
creat$ z _m ,univ]sities z !re are      
,colleges 9 ,irel&1 & a disa/r\s        
competition d[nw>ds w\ld be ! inevitable
 result4  ,! ,degrees ( ! s-call$       
,national ,univ]sity w\ld be l ! bills (
 a weak firm--di%on\r$ by ! public      
unless endors$ by ! "n ( a solv5t       
trad]--& ! lett]s ,m4 ,a41 or ,,ll4 ,b41
 w\ld become l ! praises on a bad man's 
grave/one1 pur*aseable at s mu* a lett]4
  ,i believe1 !re=e1 t ,i am entitl$ to 
prote/ aga9/ ! s*eme ( =m+ a ,national  
,univ]sity by fus+ toge!r ! diff]5t     
,colleges 9 ,irel&1 on ! foll[+         
gr\nds3--     #a4 ,because su* a s*eme =
 a ,national ,univ]sity w\ld prove to be
 a      failure1 on acc\nt ( ! want (   
simil>ity 9 ! ,colleges      compos+ !  
,univ]sity4    #b4 ,because su* a s*eme 
w\ld1 9 ! long run1 infallibly l[] !    
/&>d & degrade ! "* ( ,iri% ,univ]sity  

,degrees2 a      result t w\ld prove    
peculi>ly disa/r\s to ! educat$ classes 
9 ,irel&4   ,,iii4 ,,roman ,,ca?olic    
,,univ]sity ,,( ,,irel&4  ,hav+ dispos$ 
( ! fir/ two s*emes = satisfy+ ! dem& ( 
! ,iri% ,ca?olics = ,univ]sity          
,education1 & %[n "o to be impolitic1 & 
! o!r to be injuri\s1 x might naturally 
be expect$ t ,i %\ld n[ proce$ to       
advocate ! advantages ( ! rema9+ plan1  
:i* consi/s 9 a ,*>t] & ,end[m5t = a    
,roman ,ca?olic ,univ]sity 9 ,irel&1 9  
:i* ! ,iri% ,ca?olics & _! ,cl]gy %\ld  
be all[$ to arrange _! own programme (  
,univ]sity ,education )\t ! int]f]5ce ( 
,iri% ,prote/ants1 or ( ,engli%         
doctr9aires2 b ?is c\rse ,i feel to be  
unnecess>y1 z x ma9ly conc]ns ,roman    
,ca?olics !mselves to /ate _! wi%es &   
expla9 _! views respect+ x4  ,prote/ant 
int]f]5ce 9 su* a "q is z irritat+ & z  
useless z w\ld be ! int]f]5ce ( a mutual
 fri5d 9 a qu>rel betwe5 a man & 8 wife4
  ,engli% politicians1 9 ! matt] (      
,univ]sity ,education = ! ,iri%         

,ca?olics1 h hi!rto imitat$ ! doctr9e   
laid d[n by ,mr4 ,bumble--t ! great     
pr9ciple ( out-(-door relief is1 to give
 ! paup]s exactly :at !y don't want2 &  
!n !y get tir$ ( com+4  ,tw5ty-sev5 out 
( tw5ty-n9e ( ! ,iri% ,ca?olic ,bi%ops  
ask = a ,ca?olic ,univ]sity ,*>t] &     
,end[m5t1 & are support$ 9 ?is claim by 
an ov]:elm+ majority ( _! flocks4  ,!   
,iri% ,ca?olics ask$ ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t
 = bread1 & !y gave !m a /one3 in/ead ( 
a ,*>t]$ ,univ]sity1 ) a fair end[m5t & 
p]fect fre$om ( ,education1 !y receiv$  
,que5's ,colleges1 :i* 7 condemn$ z     
godless1 & :i* !y 7 prohibit$ by _!     
,*ur* f us+4  ,let ! ,p>liam5t ( ,engl& 
= once try an exp]im5t :i* w meet ) !   
approval ( ,iri%m5 ( all classes1 & give
 to ,irel& a ?ird ,univ]sity1 9 :i* !   
highe/ & be/ type ( ,ca?olic education  
%all be develop$ freely4 ,prote/antism  
_c suff] by ! contra/1 & education mu/  
c]ta9ly b5efit4  ,if ,g]mans c pr\dly   
boa/ ( _! tw5ty-sev5 ,univ]sities--if   
,italians c po9t to tw5ty-"o            

,univ]sities1 awak+ f _! slumb]s at !   
call ( lib]ty--if little ,belgium c     
support h] f\r ,univ]sities1 all active1
 & requir$ by ! wants ( h] p--surely x  
_c be too mu* = ! ,iri% p1 divid$ z !y  
unhappily are by di/9ctions ( religion &
 bitt] recollections ( anci5t feuds1 to 
ask t ! ,prote/ant ,univ]sity (         
,elizabe?1 & ! ,secul> ,univ]sity (     
,victoria1 %all be supplem5t$ by a      
,ca?olic ,univ]sity1 possess+ !         
confid5ce ( ,iri% ,ca?olics1 & %>+ ) h] 
fri5dly rivals1 no long] jeal\s si/]s1 !
 glori\s task ( lead+ ! y\? ( ,irel&    
into ! pleasant pa?s ( ,lit]ature &     
,sci5ce4  ,! milk-:ite ,lily is n less  
beautiful ?an ! crimson ,rose2 let !m   
fl\ri% side by side 9 ! g>d5 ( ,irel&4  
,,footnotes3  #a3 ,roman ,ca?olics 7    
fir/ admitt$ into ,tr9ity ,college by an
 ,act pass$ by ! ,iri% ,p>liam5t 9      
#agic4