file 0 produc$ f images ( public doma9  
mat]ial g5]\sly made available by ,!    
,onl9e ,libr>y ( ,lib]ty47              
,,! ,,fir/ ,,essay                      
,,on                     ,! ,political  
,rights ( ,wom54            ,a          
,translation ( ,,condorcet',s ,essay    
,sur l'admission             des femmes 
au droit de ,cit 7,on ! ,admission      
( ,wom5 to ! ,rights ( ,citiz5%ip74     
--,collect$ ,writ+s1 #aghi4             
,,by                       ,,dr4 ,,alice
 ,,drysdale ,,vick]y4                   
7,,) ,,preface ,,& ,,rem>ks47           
,,let*wor?3                       ,,g>d5
 ,,city ,,press ,,limit$4               
,price ,twop5ce4     ,preface4   ,m ?an 
"o hundr$ ye>s h pass$ away s9ce1 9     
#aghi1 ! ,m>quis de ,condorcet wrote 8  
,esquisse sur l',admission des ,femmes  
au ,droit de ,cit1 & yet ! problem (    
wom5's enfran*isem5t /ill awaits an     
equitable solution4 ,^? ( u :o are old  
en\gh to rememb] ! inauguration ( !     
popul> movem5t = ! ext5sion ( ! fran*ise

 to wom5 7:i* may be dat$ f ! day 9 :i* 
our late noble lead]1 ,,john ,,/u>t     
,,mill1 address$ ! ,h\se ( ,commons on  
?is subject1 9 ,may1 #ahfg71 feel t our 
lives are pass+ away :ile we>ily await+ 
! dilatory educational developm5t (     
mank9d 9 ?is "q4  ,! ess5tial pr9ciples 
( our claim h be5 reit]at$ aga9 & aga94 
,we =m "o-half ( ! human race1 & ne$    
recognition by ! law z mu* z ! o!r half 
( ! race4 ,b1 z long z our law-mak]s are
 n directly responsible to u = _!       
conduct 9 ,p>liam5t1 !y may1 & d1 safely
 neglect our int]e/s1 & pass laws :i*   
jeop>dise our lib]ties & subord9ate our 
j rights ( p]son1 prop]ty1 & (fspr+ to !
 suppos$ int]e/s ( ! m5 :om !y repres5t4
  ,! _s :i* animates ,p>liam5t p]vades !
 :ole ( our social life2 & wom5 suff] f 
lack ( educational facilities1 & f      
ob/acles to success 9 indu/rial &       
pr(essional life1 9 ways :i* h no       
p>allel 9 ! case ( m54 ,all ^! ?+s h be5
 urg$ aga9 & aga9 until we are we>y (   
repeat+ !m2 & we ask ourselves1 z we    

m5tally review our position1 ,:]e %all  
we f9d "s new argum5t :]e) to arre/ !   
att5tion1 & compel ! action1 ( ^? :o h !
 p[]1 b seem to lack ! w1 to d ju/ice8  
,x is curi\s to note t ! great po9t on  
:i* ! mass ( m5 seem unit$ is _! sex4   
,prejudices ( race1 ( ca/e1 ( col\r may 
be ov]come2 b ! pride ( sex rema9s4     
,rights ( citiz5%ip are accord$ to !    
small %opkeep]1 artisan1 lodg]1         
agricultural lab\r]1 & to ! illit]ate :o
 kn[s no diff]5ce betwe5 "o p>ty & !    
o!r1 ei!r z to t5d5cies or me?ods (     
gov]nm5t4 ,! ,anglo-,saxon conf]s rights
 ( citiz5%ip ^u ! =eign]1 ^u ! negro 7z 
9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates71 ^u ! ,maori 7z 9    
,new ,zeal&7--! la/ ( :om1 sitt+ 9 !    
,new ,zeal& ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1    
help$ to ma9ta9 ?is glori\s pr]ogative (
 sex by giv+ _! ca/+-votes aga9/ a      
measure int5d$ to meet ! claims ( !     
,anglo-,saxon wom5 9 ,new ,zeal&4#a     
#a ,! ,p>liam5t>y ,fran*ise 0 conf]r$ on
 ! wom5 (     ,new ,zeal& 9 #ahic1 !    
same ye> 9 :i* ! above 0     pr9t$4 ,9  

#aijg ! ,hon4 ,r4 ,oliv]1 late memb] ( !
     ,legislative ,c\ncil1 writes3 ,!   
int]e/ n[ tak5 by wom5     9 ,new ,zeal&
 9 ! politics ( ! c\ntry is rem>kable1  
& is reg>d$ z a decid$ ga9 to !         
community4  ,& all ?is despite ! admitt$
 fact t ! social & economic problems1   
:i* are com+ m & m into ! field (       
p>liam5t>y lab\rs1 are all b incapable (
 solution )\t ! help ( enfran*is$ wom54 
,mu/ wom51 !n1 foll[+ ! example ( m51   
le>n to put sex 9 ! fir/ place & reg>d  
all o!r int]e/s z second>y8 ,is ?is     
really :at m5 wi% to =ce wom5 to d8 ,"o 
w\ld ?9k n4 ,at pres5t wom5 h n adopt$  
any su* pr9ciple ( action4 ,!y are      
divid$ r ?an o!rwise1 accord+ to !      
relations !y occupy ) reg>d to m54 ,!   
m>ri$ woman1 on ! "o h&1 seems oppos$ to
 ! claims ( ! wid[$ & s+le1 on ! o!r--& 
vice v]s2 & bo? toge!r comb9e to        
o/racise "s ( _! own sex4 ,x seems      
probable1 h[ev]1 t we wom5 w h to le>n  
to drop all su* rivalries1 & det]m9e to 
=m "o va/ organisation1 :i* %all include

 )9 its ranks all sorts & conditions (  
wom51 & %all ext5d ov] ! :ole ( ! ,unit$
 ,k+dom1 if we w\ld n see ?is n9ete5?   
c5tury complet$ )\t ,woman's            
,emancipation becom+ an accompli%$ fact4
                                        
7,,dr47 ,,alice ,,vick]y4     ,on !     
,admission ( ,wom5 to ! ,rights (       
,citiz5%ip4  ,,by ,,! ,,m>quis ,,de     
,,condorcet4   ,cu/om may famili>ise    
mank9d ) ! violation ( _! natural rights
 to su* an ext5t1 t ev5 among ^? :o h   
lo/ or be5 depriv$ ( ^! rights1 no "o   
?9ks ( reclaim+ !m1 or is ev5 consci\s t
 !y h suff]$ any inju/ice4  ,c]ta9 ( ^! 
violations 7( natural "r7 h escap$ !    
notice ( philosoph]s & legislators1 ev5 
:ile conc]n+ !mselves zeal\sly to       
e/abli% ! common rights ( individuals ( 
! human race1 & 9 ?is way to lay !      
f\ndation ( political in/itutions4 ,=   
example1 h !y n all violat$ ! pr9ciple (
 ! equality ( rights 9 tranquilly       
depriv+ "o-half ( ! human race ( ! "r ( 
tak+ "p 9 ! =mation ( laws by !         

exclusion ( wom5 f ! rights ( citiz5%ip8
 ,c\ld !re be a /rong] pro( ( ! p[] (   
habit1 ev5 among enlight5$ m51 ?an to   
he> invok$ ! pr9ciple ( equal rights 9  
fav\r ( p]haps "s #cjj or #djj m51 :o _h
 be5 depriv$ ( x by an absurd prejudice1
 & =get x :5 x conc]ns "s #ab1jjj1jjj   
wom58  ,to %[ t ?is exclusion is n an   
act ( tyranny1 x mu/ be prov$ ei!r t !  
natural rights ( wom5 are n absolutely !
 same z ^? ( m51 or t wom5 are n capable
 ( ex]cis+ ^! rights4  ,b ! rights ( m5 
result simply f ! fact t !y are         
rational1 s5ti5t be+s1 susceptible (    
acquir+ ideas ( morality1 & ( reason+   
conc]n+ ^? ideas4 ,wom5 hav+1 !n1 ! same
 qualities1 h necess>ily ! same rights4 
,ei!r no individual ( ! human species   
has any true rights1 or all h ! same2 & 
he or %e :o votes aga9/ ! rights (      
ano!r1 :atev] may be 8 or h] religion1  
col\r1 or sex1 has by t fact abjur$ 8   
own4  ,x w\ld be difficult to prove t   
wom5 are incapable ( ex]cis+ ! rights ( 
citiz5%ip4 ,al?\gh liable to become     

mo!rs ( families1 & expos$ to o!r pass+ 
indispositions1 :y may !y n ex]cise     
rights ( :i* x has nev] be5 propos$ to  
deprive ^? p]sons :o p]iodically suff] f
 g\t1 bron*itis1 etc48 ,admitt+ = !     
mom5t t !re exi/s 9 m5 a sup]iority (   
m9d1 :i* is n ! necess>y result ( a     
diff]5ce ( education 7:i* is by no means
 prov$1 b :i* %\ld be1 to p]mit ( wom5  
be+ depriv$ ( a natural "r )\t          
inju/ice71 ?is inf]iority c only consi/ 
9 two po9ts4 ,x is said t no woman has  
made any important discov]y 9 sci5ce1 or
 has giv5 any pro(s ( ! possession (    
g5ius 9 arts1 lit]ature1 etc42 b1 on !  
o!r h&1 x is n pret5d$ t ! rights (     
citiz5%ip %\ld be accord$ only to m5 (  
g5ius4 ,x is add$ t no woman has ! same 
ext5t ( k1 ! same p[] ( reason+1 z c]ta9
 m52 b :at results f t8 ,only ?is1 t ) !
 exception ( a limit$ numb] (           
exceptionally enlight5$ m51 equality is 
absolute betwe5 wom5 & ! rema9d] ( ! m52
 t ?is small class ap>t1 inf]iority &   
sup]iority are equally divid$ betwe5 !  

two sexes4 ,b s9ce x w\ld be completely 
absurd to re/rict to ?is sup]ior class !
 rights ( citiz5%ip & ! p[] ( be+       
entru/$ ) public functions1 :y %\ld wom5
 be exclud$ any m ?an ^? m5 :o are      
inf]ior to a great numb] ( wom58 ,la/ly1
 %all x be said t !re exi/s 9 ! m9ds &  
he>ts ( wom5 c]ta9 qualities :i* ought  
to exclude !m f ! enjoym5t ( _! natural 
rights8 ,let u int]rogate ! facts4      
,elizabe? ( ,engl&1 ,m>ia ,!resa1 ! two 
,ca!r9es ( ,russia--h !y n %[n t nei!r 9
 c\rage nor 9 /r5g? ( m9d are wom5      
want+8  ,elizabe? possess$ all ! fail+s 
( wom54 ,did ^! fail+s "w m h>m dur+ h] 
reign ?an result$ f ! fail+s ( m5 dur+ !
 reign ( h] fa!r1 ,h5ry ,,viii41 or h]  
successor1 ,james ,i48 ,h ! lov]s (     
c]ta9 empresses ex]cis$ a m dang]\s     
influ5ce ?an ! mi/resses ( ,l\is ,,xiv41
 ( ,l\is ,,xv41 or ev5 ( ,h5ry ,,iv48   
,w x be ma9ta9$ t ,mi/ress ,macaulay    
w\ld n h express$ h] op9ions 9 ! ,h\se (
 ,commons bett] ?an _m repres5tatives ( 
! ,briti% nation8 ,9 deal+ ) ! "q (     

lib]ty ( consci5ce1 w\ld %e n h express$
 m elevat$ pr9ciples ?an ^? ( ,pitt1 z  
well z m p[]ful reason+8 ,al?\gh z great
 an en?usia/ on behalf ( lib]ty z ,mr4  
,burke c\ld be on behalf ( its opposite1
 w\ld %e1 :ile def5d+ ! ,fr5*           
,con/itution1 h made use ( su* absurd & 
(f5sive nons5se z t :i* ?is celebrat$   
rhetorician made use ( 9 attack+ x8     
,w\ld n ! adopt$ daught] ( ,montaigne h 
bett] def5d$ ! rights ( citiz5s 9       
,france1 9 #afad1 ?an ! ,c\ncillor      
,c\rt91 :o 0 a believ] 9 magic & occult 
p[]s8 ,0 n ! ,pr9cesse des ,urs9s       
sup]ior to ,*amill>d8 ,c\ld n ! ,m>quise
 de ,*atelet h writt5 equally z well z  
,m4 ,r\ill8 ,w\ld ,mme4 de ,lamb]t h    
made laws z absurd & z b>b>\s z ^? ( !  
g>de des ,sceaux1 ( ,arm5\ville1 aga9/  
,prote/ants1 invad]s ( dome/ic privacy1 
robb]s & negroes8 ,9 look+ back ov] !   
li/ ( ^? :o h gov]n$ ! _w1 m5 h sc>cely 
! "r to be s v uplift$4  ,wom5 are      
sup]ior to m5 9 ! g5tle & dome/ic       
virtues2 !y1 z well z m51 "k h[ to love 

lib]ty1 al?\gh !y d n p>ticipate 9 all  
its advantages2 & 9 republics !y h be5  
kn[n to sacrifice !mselves = x4 ,!y h   
%[n t !y possess ! virtues ( citiz5s    
:5ev] *ance or civil disa/]s h br\ght !m
 ^u a sc5e f :i* !y h be5 %ut out by !  
pride & ! tyranny ( m5 9 all nations4   
,x has be5 said t wom51 9 spite ( mu*   
ability1 ( mu* sagacity1 & ( a p[] (    
reason+ c>ri$ to a degree equall+ t (   
subtle dialecticians1 yet are nev]      
gov]n$ by :at is call$ reason4  ,?is    
obs]vation is n correct4 ,wom5 are n    
gov]n$1 x is true1 by ! reason 7&       
exp]i5ce7 ( m52 !y are gov]n$ by _! own 
reason 7& exp]i5ce74  ,_! int]e/s n be+ 
! same 7z ^? ( m57 by ! fault ( ! law1 !
 same ?+s n hav+ ! same importance = !m 
z = m51 !y may1 )\t fail+ 9 rational    
conduct1 gov]n !mselves by diff]5t      
pr9ciples1 & t5d t[>ds a diff]5t result4
 ,x is z reasonable = a woman to conc]n 
h]self respect+ h] p]sonal attractions z
 x 0 = ,demo/h5es to cultivate 8 voice &
 8 ge/ures4  ,x is said t wom51 al?\gh  

sup]ior 9 "s respects to man--m g5tle1 m
 s5sitive1 less subject to ^? vices :i* 
proce$ f egotism & h>dness ( he>t--yet d
 n really possess ! s5tim5t ( ju/ice2 t 
!y obey r _! feel+s ?an _! consci5ce4   
,?is obs]vation is m correct1 b x proves
 no?+2 x is n nature1 x is education1 x 
is social exi/5ce :i* produces ?is      
diff]5ce4  ,nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r has    
habituat$ wom5 to ! idea ( :at is j1 b  
only to ! idea ( :at is honnte1 or      
respectable4 ,exclud$ f public affairs1 
f all ^? ?+s :i* are judg$ ( accord+ to 
rigor\s ideas ( ju/ice1 or accord+ to   
positive laws1 ! ?+s ) :i* !y are       
occupi$ & :i* are affect$ by !m are     
precisely ^? :i* are regulat$ by natural
 feel+s ( hone/y 7or1 r1 propriety7 & ( 
s5tim5t4 ,x is1 !n1 unju/ to allege z an
 excuse = cont9u+ to refuse to wom5 !   
enjoym5t ( all _! natural rights motives
 :i* h only a k9d ( reality because wom5
 lack ! exp]i5ce :i* comes f ! ex]cise (
 ^! rights4  ,if reasons su* z ^! are to
 be admitt$ aga9/ wom51 x w become      

necess>y to deprive ( ! rights (        
citiz5%ip t portion ( ! p :o1 devot$ to 
con/ant lab\r1 c nei!r acquire k nor    
ex]cise _! reason2 & ?us1 little by     
little1 only ^? p]sons w\ld be p]mitt$  
to be citiz5s :o _h complet$ a c\rse (  
legal /udy4 ,if su* pr9ciples are       
admitt$1 we mu/1 z a natural consequ5ce1
 r5\nce ! idea ( a lib]al con/itution4  
,! v>i\s ari/ocracies h only _h su*     
pr9ciples z ^! = f\ndation or excuse4 ,!
 etymology ( ! ^w is a suffici5t pro( ( 
?is4  ,nei!r c ! subjection ( wives to  
_! husb&s be alleg$ aga9/ _! claims1    
s9ce x w\ld be possible 9 ! same /atute 
to de/roy ?is tyranny ( ! civil law4 ,! 
exi/5ce ( "o inju/ice c nev] be accept$ 
z a reason = committ+ ano!r4  ,!re      
rema91 !n1 only two objections to       
discuss4 ,&1 9 tru?1 ^! c only oppose   
motives ( exp$i5cy aga9/ ! admission (  
wom5 to ! "r ( vot+2 :i* motives c nev] 
be upheld z a b> to ! ex]cise ( true    
ju/ice4 ,! contr>y maxim has only too   
(t5 s]v$ z ! pretext & excuse ( tyrants2

 x is 9 ! "n ( exp$i5cy t comm]ce &     
indu/ry groan 9 *a9s2 & t ,africa rema9s
 afflict$ ) slav]y3 x 0 9 ! "n ( public 
exp$i5cy t ! ,ba/ille 0 cr[d$2 t !      
c5sor%ip ( ! press 0 in/itut$2 t accus$ 
p]sons 7 n all[$ to communicate ) _!    
advis]s2 t torture 0 resort$ to4        
,nev]!less1 we w discuss ^! objections1 
s z to leave no?+ )\t reply4  ,x is     
necess>y1 we are w>n$1 to be on gu>d    
aga9/ ! influ5ce ex]cis$ by wom5 ov] m54
 ,we reply at once t ?is1 l any o!r     
influ5ce1 is mu* m to be fe>$ :5 n      
ex]cis$ op5ly2 & t1 :atev] influ5ce may 
be peculi> to wom51 if ex]cis$ ^u m ?an 
"o individual at a "t1 w 9 s f> become  
proportionately less5$4 ,t s9ce1 up to  
?is "t1 wom5 h n be5 admitt$ 9 any      
c\ntry to absolute equality2 s9ce _!    
empire has none ! less exi/$ ev]y:]e2 & 
s9ce ! m wom5 h be5 degrad$ by ! laws1 !
 m dang]\s has _! influ5ce be52 x does n
 appe> t ?is rem$y ( subjection ought to
 inspire u ) mu* confid5ce4 ,is x n     
probable1 on ! contr>y1 t _! special    

empire w\ld dim9i% if wom5 _h less      
int]e/ 9 its pres]vation2 if x ceas$ to 
be = !m _! sole means ( def5ce1 & (     
escape f p]secution8  ,if polit5ess does
 n p]mit to m5 to ma9ta9 _! op9ions     
aga9/ wom5 9 society1 ?is polit5ess1 x  
may be said1 is ne> ak9 to pride2 we    
yield a victory ( no importance2 defeat 
does n humiliate :5 x is reg>d$ z       
volunt>y4 ,is x s]i\sly believ$ t x w\ld
 be ! same 9 a public discussion on an  
important topic8 ,does polit5ess =bid ! 
br++ ( an action at law aga9/ a woman8  
,b1 x w be said1 ?is *ange w be contr>y 
to g5]al exp$i5cy1 because x w take wom5
 away f ^? duties :i* nature has res]v$ 
= !m4 ,?is objection sc>cely appe>s to  
me well f\nd$4 ,:atev] =m ( con/itution 
may be e/abli%$1 x is c]ta9 t 9 ! pres5t
 /ate ( civilisation among ,european    
nations !re w nev] be m ?an a limit$    
numb] ( citiz5s requir$ to occupy       
!mselves ) public affairs4 ,wom5 w no m 
be torn f _! homes ?an agricultural     
lab\r]s f _! pl\ghs1 or artisans f _!   

work%ops4 ,&1 among ! ri*] classes1 we  
n[h]e see wom5 giv+ !mselves up s       
p]si/5tly to dome/ic affairs t we %\ld  
fe> to di/ract _! att5tion2 & a really  
s]i\s occupation or int]e/ w\ld take !m 
less away ?an ! frivol\s pleasures to   
:i* idl5ess1 a want ( object 9 life1 &  
an inf]ior education h condemn$ !m4  ,! 
pr9cipal s\rce ( ?is fe> is ! idea t e  
p]son admitt$ to ex]cise ! rights (     
citiz5%ip imm$iately aspires to gov]n   
o!rs4 ,?is may be true to a c]ta9 ext5t1
 at a "t :5 ! con/itution is be+        
e/abli%$1 b ! feel+ c sc>cely prove     
durable4 ,& s x is sc>cely necess>y to  
believe t because wom5 may become memb]s
 ( national assemblies1 !y w\ld         
imm$iately ab&on _! *ildr51 _! homes1 & 
_! ne$les4 ,!y w\ld only be ! bett]     
fitt$ to educate _! *ildr5 & to re> m54 
,x is natural t a woman %\ld suckle h]  
infant2 t %e %\ld wat* ov] its e>ly     
*ildhood4 ,deta9$ 9 h] home by ^! c>es1 
& less muscul> ?an ! man1 x is also     
natural t %e %\ld lead a m retir$1 a m  

dome/ic life4 ,! woman1 !re=e1 z well z 
! man 9 a correspond+ class ( life1 w\ld
 be "u ! necessity ( p]=m+ c]ta9 duties 
at c]ta9 times accord+ to circum/ances4 
,?is may be a motive = n giv+ h] !      
pref]5ce 9 an election1 b x _c be a     
reason = legal exclusion4 ,gallantry    
w\ld d\btless lose by ! *ange1 b dome/ic
 cu/oms w\ld be improv$ by equality 9   
?is z 9 o!r ?+s4  ,up to ?is "t ! mann]s
 ( all nations h be5 m or less brutal & 
corrupt4 ,i only "k ( "o exception1 & t 
is 9 fav\r ( ! ,am]icans ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates1 :o are spread1 few 9 numb]1 ov] 
a wide t]ritory4 ,up to ?is "t1 among   
all nations1 legal inequality has exi/$ 
betwe5 m5 & wom52 & x w\ld n be         
difficult to %[ t1 9 ^! two ph5om5a1 !  
second is "o ( ! causes ( ! fir/1       
because inequality necess>ily introduces
 corruption1 & is ! mo/ common cause (  
x1 if ev5 x be n ! sole cause4  ,i n[   
dem& t oppon5ts %\ld condesc5d to refute
 ^! propositions by o!r me?ods ?an by   
pleasantries & declamations2 above all1 

t !y %\ld %[ me any natural diff]5ce    
betwe5 m5 & wom5 :i* may legitimately   
s]ve z f\ndation = ! deprivation ( a "r4
  ,! equality ( rights e/abli%$ betwe5  
m5 by our new con/itution has br\ght d[n
 ^u u eloqu5t declamations & nev]-end+  
pleasantries2 b up till n[ no "o has be5
 able to oppose to x "o s+le reason1 &  
?is is c]ta9ly nei!r f lack ( tal5t nor 
lack ( zeal4 ,i v5ture to believe t x w 
be ! same ) reg>d to equality ( rights  
betwe5 ! two sexes4 ,x is suffici5tly   
curi\s t1 9 a great numb] ( c\ntries1   
wom5 h be5 judg$ incapable ( all public 
functions yet wor?y ( royalty2 t 9      
,france a woman has be5 able to be      
reg5t1 & yet t up to #aggf %e c\ld n be 
a mill9] or dressmak] 7m>*&e des modes7 
9 ,p>is1 except "u cov] ( h] husb&'s    
"n2#b & t1 la/ly1 9 our elective        
assemblies !y h accord$ to rights (     
prop]ty :at !y h refus$ to natural "r4  
,_m ( our noble deputies owe to ladies !
 hon\r ( sitt+ among ! repres5tatives ( 
! nation4 ,:y1 in/ead ( depriv+ ( ?is "r

 wom5 :o 7 own]s ( l&$ e/ates1 0 x n    
ext5d$ to all ^? :o possess$ prop]ty or 
7 heads ( h\seholds8 ,:y1 if x be f\nd  
absurd to ex]cise ! "r ( citiz5%ip by   
proxy1 deprive wom5 ( ?is "r1 r ?an     
leave !m ! lib]ty ( ex]cis+ x 9 p]son8  
#b ,be=e ! suppression ( jur&es1 9      
#aggf1 wom5     c\ld nei!r c>ry on a    
bus9ess ( a m>*&e des modes     7mill9] 
& dressmak]7 nor ( any o!r pr(ession    
ex]cis$ by !m1 unless !y 7 m>ri$1 or    
unless "s     man l5t or sold !m 8 "n = 
t purpose4--,see     preamble ( ! ,edict
 ( #aggf4     ,,rem>ks4   ,al?\gh ,i am 
n aw>e ( any previ\s translation ( !    
=ego+ essay1 & d n rememb] to h se5     
any:]e any allusion to ?is fir/         
publication on ! subject ( woman's      
emancipation1 yet ,i h be5 /ruck by !   
close simil>ity ( ! argum5ts us$ by ,j4 
,s4 ,mill & by ^? :o h succe$$ him 9 !  
advocacy ( wom5's electoral fre$om to ^?
 us$ by ! ,m>quis de ,condorcet 9 ?is   
essay4 ,x c\ld n1 inde$1 well be        
o!rwise1 s9ce ! fundam5tal pr9ciple (   

equal rights1 & equal claim to          
protection 9 ! ex]cise ( ^! rights1 mu/ 
pres5t itself 9 ! same =cible light to  
any really intellig5t p]son :o is truly 
anxi\s to lay d[n j & fair pr9ciples (  
gov]nm5t4 ,t x %\ld be )9 ! rea* ( e    
individual ( ! human race to atta9 to ! 
p[] ( influ5c+ ! ,gov]nm5t "u :i* he or 
%e lives1 foll[s inevitably to logical  
m9ds1 & ! only exceptions :i* c fairly  
be made are ^? ( ! immature & !         
failures4  ,! immature1 inde$1 c sc>cely
 be call$ exceptions1 s9ce maturity     
succe$s immaturity--! *ild becomes !    
adult2 & z physical1 moral1 &           
intellectual p[]s are acquir$1 civil    
rights mu/ be accord$4  ,! failures1 !n1
 include all ^? :o c ) due reg>d to j   
pr9ciples be entirely exclud$2 & ^! are 
! idiot1 :o nev] rea*es maturity2 !     
lunatic1 :o1 becom+ diseas$1 loses !    
m5tal & moral *>act]i/ics ( maturity2 & 
! crim9al1 :o is com+ m & m to be look$ 
^u z p>tak+ ( ! "* ( ! idiot & !        
lunatic4 ,i v5ture to ?9k1 !n1 t ! real 

issue is n>r[+ itself d[n to ?is3 t !   
oppon5ts ( wom5's emancipation really   
reg>d all wom5 ei!r z p]petually        
immature 7to :om !y w accord m or less  
protection1 privilege1 or ev5 adoration1
 j z !y admire ! innoc5ce ( *ildhood71  
or z ! p]petual failures ( ! race4  ,if 
wom5 cont9ue to be exclud$ f electoral  
functions1 x w be because a majority (  
m5 9 _! secret he>ts relegate !m to "o  
or o!r ( ^! classes4 ,b !re are1        
happily1 increas+ numb]s ( m5 :o are    
p]fectly aw>e (1 & sympa?ise ) !        
indignation ( wom5 at ! affront ?us put 
^u !m4 ,^! m5 _c b feel t ! insult ?us  
publicly affix$ to all wom5 affects !m  
also4 ,!y say3 ,we are ! sons ( wom51 & 
may 9 our turn also become fa!rs ( wom54
 ,are we1 !n1 sons ( slaves1 & %all we 9
 turn create slaves to h9d] ! developm5t
 & l[] ! morality ( our sons8 ,no6 we   
believe t wom5 ought to be free & equal 
be=e ! law1 s t !y may become mo!rs (   
free & equal sons & daught]s1 help+ 9   
ea* o!r's developm5t1 ennobl+ & no long]

 enslav+ ea* o!r4  ,if ! issue n>r[s    
d[n1 look$ at f fir/ pr9ciples1 x       
broad5s out indef9itely z ! details (   
its applications & effects come be=e u4 
,^! are wide & f>-rea*+1 & space fails =
 ent]+ ^u !m "h4 ,b 9 ! /ruggles ( !    
lab\r+ classes1 9 ! societies = re=m (  
evils1 = ! spread ( improvem5ts1 9 ! "w 
( ! ,c\nty ,c\ncil1 etc41 we f9d t      
wom5's help is ne$$1 & t x ei!r _c be   
giv5 at all1 or is mis]ably curtail$ 9  
its p[] = good & useful "w1 because x is
 n accompani$ by ! electoral p[]s :i*   
back up m5's endeav\rs4 ,s x mu/ rema9  
till ! p[] ( ! vote is grant$1 & s does 
! ,nemesis ( inju/ice & inequality be=e 
! law daily "w out its rev5ge4          
,,transcrib]',s ,,note3  ,orig9al spell+
 & punctuation h be5 pres]v$4 ,two      
pr9t]'s errors h be5 fix$3 on page #c1 !
 ye> #ahgi has be5 *ang$ to #aghi4 ,on  
page #e1 ! second & ?ird l9es 7 rev]s$4 
,! prop] ^w ord] has be5 re/or$4