f ! ,google ,pr9t project47 ,,smeaton ,,& ,,ligh?\ses4 ,a ,,popul> ,,biography1 ,,) ,,an ,,hi/orical ,,introduction ,,& ,,sequel4 ,,london3 ,,john ,w4 ,,p>k]1 ,,we/ ,,/r&4 ,m4,,dccc4,,xliv4 ,,preface4 ,"o ( ! mo/ useful & pleas+ =ms "u :i* k c be pres5t$ to ! g5]al read]1 is t ( ! biography ( di/+ui%$ m5 :o h contribut$ to ! progress ( t k 9 "s "o or o!r ( its v>i\s dep>tm5ts4 ,b x too frequ5tly happ5s t ! biographical notices ( great m5 consi/ r ( p]sonal1 trivial1 & unimportant details1 ?an ( a cle> & broad outl9e ( ! influ5ce :i* !y ex]t$ ^u ! pursuit & ^u ! age 9 :i* !y 7 di/+ui%$4 ,! true object ( biography is1 9 trac+ ! progress ( an individual1 to %[ cle>ly :at result 8 active life has produc$ on ! well-be+ ( 8 fell[-m51 & also :at is ! position :i* he occupies z "o ( ! 'great l&m>ks 9 ! map ( human nature#a4' ,yet we are n satisfi$ ) a biography :i* reg>ds its subject 9 8 public capacity alone3 we are naturally curi\s to asc]ta9 :e!r ! same qualities :i* r5d]$ him celebrat$ 9 public foll[$ him likewise into private life1 & di/+ui%$ him !re4 ,we reg>d ) int]e/ 9 8 private capacity ! man :o has be5 ! orig9ator ( mu* public good2 we look ) an att5tive eye on 8 behavi\r :5 he /&s alone1 :5 8 native impulses are "u no ext]nal excitem5t1 :5 he is1 9 fact1 '9 ! undress ( "o :o has retir$ f ! /age on :i* he felt he _h a "p to su/a9#b4' ,b a detail ( ! public & private ev5ts 9 ! life ( a di/+ui%$ man d n alone suffice to =m a j e/imate ( 8 "*4 ,! read] requires to be made acqua9t$ ) ! /ate ( a p>ticul> bran* ( k at ! "t :5 ! individual appe>$ ^: ef=ts s greatly ext5d$ its b\nd>ies2--)\t ?is x is q impossible to e/imate ! wor? ( ! man ^: life is be+ p]us$1 or ! bless+s & advantages conf]r$ ^u society by 8 means4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 trac+ ! hi/ory ( any p>ticul> bran* ( k1 unless connect$ ) biography1 we lose sight ( individual ef=ts2--!y are m+l$ ) ! lab\rs ( o!rs1 or are absorb$ into ! hi/ory ( ! :ole1 & are consequ5tly no long] individualiz$3--h5ce we are likely to fail 9 recogniz+ ! obligations due to our di/+ui%$ c\ntrym51 or to deprive ( _! j m]it ^? ( our =eign bre?r5 ^: useful lives h influ5c$ di/ant l&s1 z well z _! own4 ,) ^! views we propose to connect ! "n ( ,,smeaton ) ! int]e/+ subject ( ,,ligh?\ses4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we propose to pres5t a brief hi/ory ( ,ligh?\ses1 up to ! "t :5 ,smeaton gave a type = ?is peculi> class ( build+s ^u dang]\s & difficult po9ts ( coa/2 secondly1 a g5]al sket* ( ! life ( ,smeaton1 s f> z 8 v brief biograph]s w all[2 & ?irdly1 a hi/ory ( ! improvem5ts 9 ,ligh?\ses :i* h be5 effect$ s9ce ! erection ( ! ,eddy/one4 ,9 ?is compilation1 ! writ] desires to express 8 obligations to ! foll[+ works3 ,a ,n>rative ( ! ,build+1 & a ,description ( ! ,con/ruction ( ! ,eddy/one ,ligh?\se ) ,/one1 by ,,john ,,smeaton1 fol4 ,london1 #agia2--,mr4 ,,holmes's %ort ,memoir ( ,,smeaton2--,! ,communication ( ,mrs4 ,,dixon1 ,smeaton's daught]1 to ! ,in/itution ( ,civil ,eng9e]s2--,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,bell-,rock ,ligh?\se1 includ+ ! ,details ( ! ,erection1 & peculi> ,/ructure ( t ,edifice1 by ,,rob]t ,,/ev5son1 #dto4 ,ed94 #ahbd2--,! ,ed9burgh ,encyclopdia1 & ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica2--,an article on ,ligh?\ses1 by ,m4 ,,arago1 9 ! ,annuaire2--,! ,civil ,eng9e]'s & ,ar*itect's ,j\rnal2--,! ,nautical ,magaz9e2--& ! ,annual ,reports ( ! ,tr9ity ,h\se pres5t$ to ! ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #a3 ,col]idge4 ,footnote #b3 ,col]idge4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,e>ly ,,ligh?\ses4 ,,page ,orig9 ( ,ligh?\ses--,beacon ,fires--,"* ( ! ,e>ly ,wat*-t[]s--,cressets--,colossus ( ,rhodes--,! ,ph>os ( ,alex&ria--,epitome ( ,anci5t ,ligh?\ses--,! ,t\r de ,corduan #i ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,ligh?\ses ,,( ,,engl&4 ,managem5t ( ,engli% ,ligh?\ses--,! ,tr9ity ,h\se--,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ?is ,corporation--,managem5t ( ,ligh?\ses ve/$ 9--,! ,p[] ( ! ,cr[n to grant ,pat5ts = ,ligh?\ses-- ,rec5t ,law = ! ,regulation ( ,ligh?\ses--,rev5ue ( ,corporation--,rates ( ,dues--,h[ collect$ & disburs$-- ,con/itution ( ! ,corporation--,! ,public ,lights ( ,engl& #ae ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,eddy/one ,,ligh?\se ,,to ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,smeaton4 ,! ,eddy/one ,rocks--,_! ,situation & dang]\s ,"*--,! fir/ ,ligh?\se by ,w9/anley--,its ,progress & ,completion--,its awful ,fate--,rudy]d's ,ligh?\se--,description (--,its ,de/ruction by ,fire--,smeaton appo9t$ to con/ruct a ,new ,edifice #ba ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,biographical ,,notice ,,( ,,smeaton4 ,bir? ( ,smeaton--,8 e>ly ,"* & ,employm5ts--,educat$ = an attorney--,8 dislike ( t pr(ession--,becomes ,philosophical ,in/rum5t ,mak]--,8 ,sci5tific ,inquiries--,is appo9t$ to build ! ,eddy/one ,ligh?\se--,8 subsequ5t ,employm5ts--,public ,works design$ & complet$ by him--,8 ,lit]>y ,works--,8 la/ ,illness & ,dea?--,8 ,"*-- ,illu/rative ,anecdotes #dj ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,eddy/one ,,z ,a ,,type ,,( ,,engli% ,,ligh?\ses4 ,a ,/one ,ligh?\se propos$--,smeaton's fir/ ,visit to ! ,rock--,op]ations ( ! ,fir/ ,season--,second ,season--,/ructure ( ! ,f\ndation--,+5i\s ,mode ( secur+ ! ,/ones--,?ird ,season--,/ate ( ! ,"w--,progress & ,description ( ! ,"w--,accid5ts to ! ,eng9e]--,proposal to exhibit a ,light be=e ! completion ( ! ,build+ refus$--,f\r? ,season-- ,completion ( ! ,"w--,appe>ance ( ! ,ligh?\se dur+ a ,/orm--,situation ( ! ,light-keep]s #ej ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,nor!rn ,,ligh?\ses4 ,importance ( ,light+ ! ,scotti% ,coa/--,=mation ( ,bo>d ( ,commission]s ( ,nor!rn ,ligh?\ses--,e>ly ,proce$+s ( ! ,bo>d--,pr9cipal ,nor!rn ,ligh?\ses--,! ,isle ( ,may ,ligh?\se--,loss ( two ,frigates--,application ( ! ,admiralty to ! ,ligh?\se ,bo>d1 by :om ! ,duties & ! ,isl& ( ,may are pur*as$--,num]\s ,%ipwrecks on ! ,isl& ( ,s&ay--,f\ndation-/one ( ,/>t-,po9t ,ligh?\se laid--,rev4 ,w4 ,traill's ,address ^u ! occasion-- ,subsequ5t ,proce$+s on ,s&ay ,isl&--,nor? ,ronaldsay ,ligh?\se--,melan*oly ,accid5t--,importance ( ! ,nor!rn ,ligh?\ses #fd ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,bell-,,rock ,,ligh?\se ,,z ,a ,,type ,,( ,,scotti% ,,ligh?\ses4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,in*-,cape or ,bell-,rock ,ligh?\se z a ,type ( ! ,nor!rn ,ligh?\ses--,position & ,dang]\s ,"* ( ! ,bell ,rock--,ballad ( ,sir ,ralph ! ,rov]-- ,proposal to erect a ,ligh?\se--,mr4 ,rob]t ,/ev5son select$ z ,eng9e]--,survey ( ! ,rock--,exhibition ( a ,float+ ,light--,prep>ations = ! ,ligh?\se--,fir/ ,season on ! ,rock--,al>m+ ,situation ( ! ,eng9e] & ,m5--,effects ( ! ,/ormy ,sea on ! ,rock--,erection ( ,beacon--,w9t] ,employm5t--,! ,second ,season--,a new ,t5d] employ$--,praam-boats & ,/one-light]s--,progress ( ! ,"w--,rem>kable appe>ance ( ! ,rock--,f\ndation ,/one laid--,fir/ cont9u\s ,c\rse ( ,masonry--,its ,cont5ts--,?ird ,season--,progress ( ! ,"w--,w9t] ,op]ations--,f\r? ,season--,! ,beacon us$ z a ,dwell+--,its ,int]ior describ$--,! ,eng9e]'s ,cab9--,! ,ligh?\se ne>ly f9i%$--,mr4 ,smeaton's ,daught] visits ! ,works--,la/ ,/one laid--,light adv]tiz$--,ligh?\se describ$--,action ( ! ,sea & ( ,/ormy ,wea!r ^u ! ,ligh?\se--,int]nal ,economy ( ! ,ligh?\se--,arrangem5ts on ,%ore--,signals--,curi\s ,accid5t--,! ,c>r ,rock ,beacon #gd ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,ligh?\ses ,,on ,,s& ,,& ,,ca/-,,iron ,,ligh?\ses4 ,float+ ,lights--,objections to--,mit*ell's ,screw-moor+s-- ,exp]im5ts on ! ,mapl9 ,s&--,f\ndation--,erection ( ,screw-pile ,ligh?\se--,details ( ! ,wyre ,ligh?\se--,propos$ ,ligh?\se on ! ,goodw9 ,s&s--,metallic ,ligh?\ses--,advantages ( ,metal ov] ,/one--,details ( ,ca/-iron ,ligh?\se at ,morant ,po9t1 ,jamaica #aja ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,ligh?\se ,,sy/em4 ,imp]fect ,illum9ation ( ! old ,ligh?\ses--,fir/ ,improvem5ts--,! ,arg& ,lamp & ,reflect+ ,mirrors--,revolv+ ,lights--,! ,catoptric ,sy/em--,v>ieties ( ,lights--,! ,dioptric ,sy/em--,its ,details--,introduction ( ?is ,me?od into ,great ,brita9--,comp>ison ( ! two ,me?ods--,! ,drummond & ,voltaic ,lights--,gurney's ,lamp--,capta9 ,basil ,hall's ,exp]im5ts--,v5tilation ( ,ligh?\ses #aaj ,,smeaton ,,& ,,ligh?\ses4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,e>ly ,,ligh?\ses4 ,orig9 ( ,ligh?\ses--,beacon ,fires--,"* ( ! ,e>ly ,wat*-t[]s--,cressets--,colossus ( ,rhodes--,! ,ph>os ( ,alex&ria--,epitome ( ,anci5t ,ligh?\ses--,! ,t\r de ,corduan4 ,!re is p]haps no?+ bett] calculat$ to impress u ) ! skill & +5uity ( man1 & ! p[] :i* sci5tific k imp>ts1 ?an ! sight ( "o ( ! beautiful ,ligh?\ses ( mod]n times4 ,ris+1 x may be1 f ! po9t ( a jutt+ rock amid/ ! da%+ & ro>+ ( ! break]s1 x is expos$ to ! utmo/ fury ( ! /orm3 graceful 9 its proportions1 & unit+ ! elem5ts ( security & beauty1 x resi/s ! t]rific assaults ( ! w9ds & waves1 & be>s al(t to ! help ( ! tempe/-toss$ m>9]1 ! w>n+ light t bids him %un ! rocky %ore4 ,! skill n[ atta9$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ,ligh?\ses has be5 ( sl[ & difficult acquirem5t1 ! fruit ( mu* pati5t & p]sev]+ toil1 & ( _m pa9ful exp]i5ces3 x w1 !re=e1 be int]e/+ to trace ! /eps by :i* a result s important 9 ! hi/ory ( comm]ce has be5 successfully a*iev$4 ,at a v e>ly p]iod x 0 cu/om>y to light up beacon-fires along ! mo/ frequ5t$ coa/s4 ,^! fires 7 k9dl$ on ! summits ( l(ty t[]s1 :i* s]v$ ! d\ble purpose ( ligh?\ses1 & temples d$icat$ to ! gods4 ,"h sacrifices 7 (f]$ to appease ! /orm1 & pray]s 7 made = ! safety ( ! m>9]4 ,?us ^! ligh?\se-t[]s 7 inve/$ ) a sacr$ "*3 _! beacon-fires 7 said to be inext+ui%able2 _! prie/s p]=m$ ! rites & practis$ ! arts ( div9ation1 inquir+ into ! success ( a propos$ voyage1 & mak+ votive (f]+s = pa/ deliv]ances4 ,h5ce x may naturally be suppos$1 t )9 ^! wat*-t[]s 0 to be f\nd mo/ ( ! nautical k ( ! "t2 t "h 7 deposit$ su* obs]vations on ! heav5ly bodies z 7 atta9able at t e>ly p]iod2 also rude *>ts ( ! coa/1 orig9ally p]haps trac$ ^u ! walls1 & aft]w>ds =m$ into primitive maps by be+ transf]r$ & ext5d$ ^u papyrus leaves4 ,"h too ! "y seaman might come = in/ruction 9 ! art ( navigation1 simple & imp]fect z x mu/ h be54 ,"h too ! ag$ seaman buffett$ by ! /orm might seek refuge f its fury1 obta9 re/ & refre%m5t1 & in/ructions = ! cont9uance ( 8 voyage4 ,^! anci5t ligh?\ses appe> to h consi/$ ( a t[] ( masonry ( l>ge dim5sions2 circul> or squ>e 9 =m2 conta9+ num]\s ap>tm5ts & a battlem5t$ top1 )9 :i* 0 rais$ a k9d ( alt>piece cov]$ ) a plate ( brass4 ,^u ?is braz5 he>? a *auff] ( curi\s workman%ip 0 plac$3 x 0 9 "s cases support$ ^u dolph9s2 & ! grat+ 0 decorat$ ) foliage & emblematical devices4 ,! mat]ials employ$ = ma9ta9+ a light 9 ?is *auff] 71 d\btless1 simil> to ^? 9 ! anci5t cressets1 or lights ( ! wat*1 :i* 7 9 use n only z beacons1 b z common /reet-lights1 be=e ei!r oil or gas-lights 7 kn[n4 ,"s ( ^! cressets 7 =m$ ( a wrea!d rope1 sme>$ ov] ) pit*1 & plac$ 9 an elevat$ cage ( iron1 o!rs conta9$ combu/ible mat]ials 9 a holl[ pan4 ,occasionally ^! primitive /reet-lights 7 plac$ at ! summit ( a pole1 f ei!r side ( :i*1 project+ pieces ( wood =m$ a ready mode ( asc5t to trim ! light1 & obviat$ ! ne$ ( a ladd] = t purpose4 ,be=e ! discov]y ( ! magnetic ne$le or its application at sea1 ! t[]s above ref]r$ to 7 v num]\s2 s mu* s t ne>ly e promontory is said to h be5 decorat$ ) its ligh?\se or temple1 & ?is 0 ! m necess>y1 s9ce ! m>9] d>$ n v5ture out ( sight ( ! coa/1 b foll[$ ) att5tion all its little w9d+s & b5d+s4 ,!re is e reason to believe1 t ! gigantic figure kn[n z ! ,colossus ( ,rhodes =m$ "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ beacon-fires ( antiquity4 ,ab\t ?ree hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 ,*>les ! disciple ( ,lysippus con/ruct$ ?is braz5 /atue1 ! dim5sions ( :i* 7 s va/ t a vessel c\ld sail into ! h>b\r betwe5 its legs1 :i* spann$ ! entrance4 ,x 0 p>tly demoli%$ by an e>?quake ab\t eighty ye>s aft] its completion2 & s late z ! ye> #fgb ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 ! brass ( :i* x 0 compos$ 0 sold by ! ,s>ac5s to a ,jewi% m]*ant ( ,edessa1 = a sum1 x is said1 equal to ?irty-six ?\s& p\nds4 ,b ! mo/ celebrat$ ligh?\se ( antiquity 0 t erect$ ab\t ! ye> #bhc ,b4 ,c4 by ord] ( ,ptolemy ,philadelphus1 on ! isl& ( ,ph>os1 opposite to ,alex&ria4 ,x is f ! "n ( ?is isl& t ligh?\ses h receiv$ _! g5]ic "n ( ,ph>os4 ,/rabo records1 t ! ar*itect ,so/ratus1 hav+ fir/ secretly c>v$ 8 own "n on ! solid walls ( ! build+1 cov]$ ! words ) pla/]1 & 9 ob$i5ce to ,ptolemy's comm& inscrib$ !reon1 ',k+ ,ptolemy to ! gods ! pres]v]s1 = ! b5efit ( sailors4' ,! height ( ?is build+ is /at$ at f\r hundr$ feet2 b ?is1 z well z _m o!r acc\nts relat+ to x1 mu/ be an exagg]ation4 ,a m mode/ acc\nt1 giv5 by ! hi/orian ,josephus1 is likely to be accurate2 b ev5 he /ates t ! fire :i* 0 kept con/antly burn+ at ! top 0 visible by seam5 at a di/ance equal to ab\t =ty miles4 ,! mo/ rem>kable ligh?\ses ( anci5t times 7 situat$ 9 & ab\t ! ,m$it]ranean sea2 !y 7 g5]ally plac$ ^u ext5sive moles1 or ne> ! entrance ( h>b\rs3 "s ( !m /ill rema94 ,! ,ph>os ( ,alex&ria1 & t ( ,mess9a1 /ill display _! fires1 b x is /at$ t !y h %>$ 9 none ( ! improvem5ts ( mod]n sci5ce2 t ev5 9 ,spa9 & ,portugal ! ligh?\se ( ,corunna1 or fam\s t[] ( ,h]cules1 exhibits m]ely a coal-fire ) s fa9t a light t %ips c sc>cely p]ceive x until !y are 9 dang] ( /rik+ aga9/ ! %ores4 ,( ^! anci5t lights !re yet rema9 ^? on ei!r side ( ! ,d>danelles2 "o 9 ! ar*ipelago on ! isl& ( ,milo1 two 9 ! gulf ( ,salonica1 & "o ne> ,lagos 9 ,romania2 ,malta1 ,leghorn1 ,civita ,vec*ia1 ,g5oa1 ,malaga1 ,cape ,t>ifa1 & o!r places1 /ill pres]ve ! fires :i* guid$ ! pr[ & ! galley ( ! ma/]s ( ! old _w4 ,! sum ( our k ( ! anci5t hi/ory ( ligh?\ses is nei!r accurate nor ext5sive3 we proce$1 !re=e1 to notice ^? ( mod]n times4 ,pass+ by ! _m rude contrivances = light+ up a coa/1 consi/+ z !y did *iefly ( pots ( fire m\nt$ on poles or rocks1 ! fir/ ligh?\se :i* m]its att5tion is ! ,t\r de ,corduan1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( its ar*itectural magnific5ce 0 long reg>d$ z "o ( ! wond]s ( ! _w1 9 ! same way z ! ,ph>os ( ,alex&ria _h be5 9 anci5t times4 ,! ,t\r de ,corduan is situat$ on an ext5sive reef ab\t ?ree miles f l&1 at ! m\? ( ! riv] ,g>onne1 & f its position s]ves z an important guide to ! %ipp+ ( ,bordeaux1 ! ,langu$oc ,canal1 & all t "p ( ! ,bay ( ,biscay4 ,x 0 f\nd$ 9 ! ye> #aehd1 b 0 n complet$ until #afaj1 9 ! "t ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 ,its /yle ( ar*itecture is a mixture ( classic & go?ic1 & s v elaborate1 t a j idea _c be =m$ ( x )\t ref]5ce to draw+s 9 detail4 ,! build+ is "o hundr$ & n9ety-sev5 feet 9 height1 & consi/s ( a numb] ( gall]ies ris+ above ea* o!r1 & gradually dim9i%+ 9 diamet]4 ,! base consi/s ( an imm5se plat=m ( solid masonry1 surr\nd$ by a wall "o hundr$ & ?irty-f\r feet 9 diamet]1 s plac$ z to act z an outwork ( def5ce to receive ! *ief %ock ( ! waves4 ,! light-keep]'s h\ses & ! /ore-rooms =m a deta*$ range ( build+s on ! great plat=m1 f :i* a private /aircase conducts to ! light-room4 ,at ! entrance door ( ! ma9 t[]1 ! bu/s ( ,h5ry ,,ii4 & ,h5ry ,,iv4 are plac$ 9 ni*es1 ov] ^! are ! arms ( ,france1 & an emblematical figure ( ,/4 ,m>y1 to :om ! build+ is d$icat$2 !re is also ano!r female figure1 hold+ a bran* ( palm 9 "o h& & a cr[n 9 ! o!r4 ,9 ! solid masonry ( ! plat=m is ! fuel-/ore2 ov] ?is is ! great hall1 tw5ty-two feet squ>e ) an ar*$ ro( tw5ty feet high4 ,on ?is floor are also two w>drobes & o!r conv5i5ces4 ,ov] ! hall is ! k+'s ap>tm5t1 tw5ty-"o feet squ>e1 ) an elliptical ro( tw5ty feet 9 height4 ,?is floor has also a ve/ibule1 two w>drobes1 c4 ,! ?ird floor conta9s ! *apel1 9 :i* a prie/ occasionally p]=ms mass4 ,its diamet] is tw5ty-"o feet1 & f ! floor to ! c5tre ( ! dome-ro( ! height is =ty feet4 ,x is highly adorn$ ) mosaic1 & is light$ by eight lant]n w9d[s4 ,9 ! cr[n ( ! dome-ro( is a circul> op5+ surr\nd$ by a balu/rade1 ?r\gh :i* is se5 ! ornam5tal ro( ( ! room above4 ,?is room is f\rte5 feet 9 diamet] & tw5ty-sev5 feet high2 x is us$ z a wat*-room by ! light-keep]s1 & 0 probably int5d$ z a place to :i* !y c\ld be admitt$ to he> pray]s or mass on ! occasion ( a royal visit4 ,ov] ?is room is an ap>tm5t capable ( conta9+ a /ock ( fuel suffici5t = "o night's consumption1 & is s con/ruct$ z to be conv]tible into a room = ! exhibition ( a light1 9 case ( accid5t or repairs be+ requir$ 9 ! ma9 light-room4 ,?is is situat$ ov] ! /ore-room j ref]r$ to1 & is surr\nd$ by a balcony & a circul> /one p>apet4 ,! orig9al lant]n1 or light-room1 0 con/ruct$ = ! combu/ion ( oak wood1 expos$ 9 a k9d ( *auff] rais$ six feet above ! floor4 ,! room 0 n glaz$1 s t ! smoke 0 c>ri$ out sideways 9 ! direction ( ! w9d4 ,! ro( 0 furni%$ ) a sort ( *imney 9 ! %ape ( a spire1 :i* t]m9at$ ! build+ ) a ball4 ,! :ole light-room 0 ( /one1 & its height to ! top ( ! spire-funnel 0 ?irty-"o feet4 ,f ! rude mode by :i* light 0 obta9$1 ! /one mullions :i* support$ ! cupola-ro( became s mu* damag$1 t 9 #agag x 0 necess>y to remove ! light to ! ap>tm5t bel[1 till ! light-room & upp] works 7 re/or$4 ,b ! new light be+ s defective t x c\ld n be se5 at sea at a great] di/ance ?an six miles1 _m accid5ts & compla9ts arose1 :5 x 0 det]m9$ to con/ruct ! light-room ( iron in/ead ( /one4 ,by ?is means ! light pass$ ) less ob/ruction1 & 9 #agbg1 aft] a lapse ( t5 ye>s1 x 0 aga9 exhibit$ at its accu/om$ height & ) increas$ brilliancy4 ,! light 0 fur!r improv$ 9 consequ5ce ( pit-coal be+ us$ in/ead ( timb]2 & ! int]ior ( ! ro( 0 conv]t$ into a k9d ( inv]t$ conical reflector1 ! po9t ( :i* project$ d[nw>ds1 & its base ext5d$ ne>ly to ! full size ( ! ro(4 ,/ill1 h[ev]1 ! light be+ expos$ 9 an op5 *auff]1 0 little to be dep5d$ on at any great di/ance f ! %ore1 s t ab\t ! ye> #aghj reflectors & lamps 7 introduc$1 & 9 #ahbb ! light receiv$ its la/ improvem5t by ! introduction ( ,fresnel's beautiful app>atus4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,ligh?\ses ,,( ,,engl&4 ,managem5t ( ,engli% ,ligh?\ses--,! ,tr9ity ,h\se--,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ?is ,corporation--,managem5t ( ,ligh?\ses ve/$ 9--,! ,p[] ( ! ,cr[n to grant ,pat5ts = ,ligh?\ses--,rec5t ,law = ! ,regulation ( ,ligh?\ses--,rev5ue ( ,corporation--,rates ( ,dues--,h[ collect$ & disburs$--,con/itution ( ! ,corporation--,! ,public ,lights ( ,engl&4 ,x w n[ be necess>y to give "s acc\nt ( ! important in/itution to ^: memb]s is entru/$ ! managem5t ( ,ligh?\ses1 & ( v>i\s int]e/s connect$ ) ! ,seam5 & ,%ipp+ ( ?is c\ntry4 ,?is is ! ,corporation ( ! ,tr9ity ,h\se ( ,dept=d ,/rond1 ^: full title is z foll[s3--',! ,ma/]1 ,w>d5s1 & ,assi/ants ( ! ,guild1 ,frat]nity1 or ,bro!rhood ( ! mo/ glori\s & undivid$ ,tr9ity1 & ( ,/4 ,clem5t1 9 ! p>i% ( ,dept=d ,/rond1 9 ! c\nty ( ,k5t4' ,! e>ly records ( ?is corporation 7 de/roy$ by fire 9 #agad1 s t ! orig9 ( ! in/itution _c be precisely /at$4 ,b x appe>s t ! purpose = :i* x 0 fir/ e/abli%$ 01 = ! increase ( correct in=mation ( ! intricacies ( navigation connect$ ) ! *annels lead+ into ! ,?ames1 & ) ! riv] itself1 & t ! society 0 orig9ally an association ( seam5 =m$ = ! purpose ( =w>d+ & assi/+ ! atta9m5t ( ! object4 ,9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 ! ars5als ( ,woolwi* & ,dept=d 7 f\nd$1 ! latt] be+ aft]w>ds put "u ! direction ( ! ,tr9ity ,h\se4 ,x is 9 ?is reign t we meet ) ! fir/ (ficial docum5t relat+ to ! e/abli%m5t at ,dept=d ,/rond4 ,a royal *>t] ( incorporation 0 grant$ 9 ! six? ye> ( ! reign1 :]e9 ,h5ry grants lic5se to 8 belov$ p & subjects1 ! %ipm5 & m>9]s ( ,engl&1 to new beg91 erect1 create1 orda91 f\nd1 unite1 & e/abli% a c]ta9 guild or p]petual frat]nity ( !mselves & o!r p]sons1 z well m5 z wom51 9 ! p>i%-*ur* ( ,dept=d ,/rond1 9 ! c\nty ( ,k5t4 ,?is *>t] p]mits ! bre?r5 to elect "o ma/]1 f\r w>d5s1 & eight assi/ants1 to gov]n & ov]see ! guild1 & h ! cu/ody ( ! l&s & possessions !re(1 c4 ,que5 ,elizabe?1 9 ! fir/ ye> ( h] reign1 recognis$ all ! rights & immunities ( ! corporation1 & 9 ! eigh? ( h] reign an act 0 pass$ enabl+ !m to pres]ve anci5t sea-m>ks1 to erect beacons1 m>ks1 & signs = ! sea1 & to grant lic5ses to m>9]s dur+ ! int]vals ( _! engagem5ts to ply = hire z wat]m5 on ! riv] ,?ames4 ,?is act recites ! de/ruction ( /eeples1 woods1 & o!r m>ks on ! coa/s1 :]eby div]s %ips _h be5 lo/1 to ! great detrim5t & hurt ( ! common weal1 & ! p]i%+ ( no small numb] ( p1 & =bids ! de/ruction ( any exi/+ m>ks aft] notice "u a p5alty ( "o hundr$ p\nds4 ,9 ! reign ( ,james ,i4 a "q arose z to :e!r ! privileges grant$ to ! ,tr9ity ,h\se by ! act ( #h? ( ,elizabe? includ$ ligh?\ses1 :i*1 x w\ld appe>1 7 n introduc$ 9 ,engl& at ! "t x 0 pass$4 ,! op9ion ( ,sir ,francis ,bacon 0 s\ght 9 ! matt]1 & on x an ord] 9 c\ncil 0 f\nd$1 #bf? ,m>*1 #afag4 ,! op9ion 01--',t ligh?\ses are m>ks & signs )9 ! mean+ ( ! /atute & *>t]4 ,t !re is an au?ority1 mix$ ) a tru/ settl$ 9 t corporation1 = ! erection ( su* ligh?\ses1 & o!r m>ks & signs z may s]ve f "t to "t1 z ! accid5ts & moveable nature ( ! s&s & *annels do? require1 gr\nd$ ^u ! skill & exp]i5ce :i* !y h 9 m>9e s]vice1 & ?is au?ority & tru/ _c be transf]r$ f !m by law1 b z !y only are answ]able = ! defaults1 s !y only are tru/$ ) ! p]=mance1 x be+ a matt] ( a high & preci\s nature1 9 respect ( ! salvation ( %ips & lives1 & a k9d ( />light 9 t elem5t4' ,!re is reason to believe t ?is s5sible decision ( ! attorney-g5]al 0 n altoge!r pleas+ to ! k+1 ^: habit ( sell+ monopolies & pat5ts 0 !reby *eck$4 ,t ?is 0 ! case appe>s f ! fact1 t1 on ,sir ,francis ,bacon becom+ "l-keep]1 ! same po9t ( law 0 reviv$ be=e 8 successor 9 ! (fice ( attorney-g5]al1 ,sir ,h5ry ,yelv]ton4 ,! result ( ?is 0 a report t suit$ ! k+'s purposes bett] at ! "t1 b 0 subsequ5tly ! cause ( mu* evil1 loss1 & exp5se1 because ! managem5t ( sev]al ligh?\ses 0 !nce=? entru/$ to individuals4 ,)\t int]f]+ ) ! au?ority already possess$ by ! ,tr9ity ,h\se1 ?is report /ates t ! cr[n _h also a p[] & "r by ! common-law to erect su* h\ses4 ',& !re=e1' says ! report1 'h[soev] ! ord9>y au?ority & tru/ = ! p]=mance ( ?is s]vice is committ$ to ! said corporation alone1 z p]sons ( skill & tru/ to t purpose1 yet if !y be n vigilant to p]=m x 9 all places necess>y1 8 maje/y is n re/ra9$ to provide !m accord+ to 8 regal p[] & ju/ice1 = ! safety ( 8 subjects' lives1 goods1 & %ipp+1 9 all places ne$ful4' ,?us pat5ts = & leases ( ligh?\ses 7 grant$ to private individuals1 & 7 no long] ! exclusive "r ( ! ,tr9ity ,h\se4 ,?is /ate ( ?+s cont9u$ f t p]iod ne>ly to ! pres5t "t4 ,b ! inconv5i5ce & disadvantage result+ f ! measure _h long be5 felt1 & x 0 f\nd t ! ligh?\se sy/em 01 9 too _m in/ances1 conduct$ ) a view to private int]e/ r ?an public good4 ,an act 0 !re=e pass$1 9 ! six? & sev5? ye>s ( ! reign ( 8 late maje/y ,william ,,iv41 9 ord] to ! atta9m5t ( uni=mity ( sy/em 9 ! managem5t ( ligh?\ses1 & ! r$uction & equalization ( tolls payable 9 respect !re(4 ,by ?is act provision 0 made = ve/+ all ! ligh?\ses on ! coa/ ( ,engl& 9 ! corporation ( ! ,tr9ity ,h\se1 & plac+ ^? ( ,scotl& & ,irel& also "u _! sup]vision4 ,all ! int]e/ ( ! cr[n 9 ligh?\ses possess$ by 8 maje/y 0 ve/$ 9 ! corporation1 9 consid]ation ( ?ree hundr$ ?\s& p\nds all[$ to ! ,commission]s ( ,cr[n ,l& ,rev5ue = ! same1 & ! corporation 7 p]mitt$ to buy up ! int]e/s ( ! v>i\s lessees ( ! cr[n & ( ! corporation1 z well z to pur*ase ! o!r ligh?\ses f ! proprietors ( !m1 subject 9 case ( dispute to ! assessm5t ( a jury4 ,"u ?is act pur*ases h be5 made by ! corporation ( ne>ly ! :ole ( ! ligh?\ses n be=e 9 _! possession1 ! sum exp5d$ = t purpose am\nt+ to ne>ly a million ( money4 ,! rev5ues ( ! corporation1 :i* are v consid]able1 are d]iv$ f tolls paid by ! %ipp+ d]iv+ b5efit f ! lights1 beacons1 & buoys1 & f ! balla/ suppli$4 ,also f l&s1 /ock1 c4 held by ! corporation1 p>tly by pur*ase1 p>tly f legacies1 c4 & donations ( private individuals4 ,! :ole ( ^! rev5ues are employ$ 9 necess>y exp5ses1 su* z con/ruct+ & ma9ta9+ _! ligh?\ses1 & lights1 beacons1 & buoys1 & ! build+s & vessels belong+ to ! corporation1 9 ! sal>ies ( ! (fic]s ( _! diff]5t e/abli%m5ts1 & 9 reliev+ decay$ seam5 & balla/m5 & _! wid[s4 ,_m alm%\ses h be5 erect$ & are ma9ta9$ f ! same funds4 ,! pres5t h\se ( ! corporation is on ,t[] ,hill4 ,x 0 built by ,wyatt 9 #agic4 ,x is ( ,portl& /one1 ) a ru/ic basem5t1 ov] :i* is "o /ory adorn$ ) ,ionic columns & pila/]s4 ,! ,tr9ity ,h\se 0 =m]ly 9 ,wat] ,lane1 :]e x 0 twice de/roy$ by fire4 ,! memb]s ( ! corporation are *os5 f among ! highe/ ranks3 ( ! ?irty-"o eld] bre?r51 elev5 are noblem5 & heads ( ! gov]nm5t dep>tm5ts1 admirals1 c4 ,^! are /yl$ honor>y memb]s1 & h no pecuni>y advantage f _! connection ) ! in/itution4 ,! pres5t ma/] is ! ,duke ( ,well+ton4 ,mr4 ,pitt fill$ t (fice = sev5te5 ye>s1 & ,william ,,iv4 0 ma/] at ! "t ( 8 accession to ! ?rone4 ,diff]5t committees are appo9t$ = att5d+ to ! v>i\s duties ( ! corporation4 ,! deputy ma/] & eld] bre?r5 are f "t to "t employ$ 9 mak+ voyages ( inspection ( _! ligh?\ses & lights1 beacons & buoys1 & 9 mak+ surveys c4 on ! coa/1 & reports on m>itime matt]s4 ,! sal>y ( ! deputy ma/] is six hundr$ p\nds p] annum1 & ( ! eld] bre?r5 ?ree hundr$ p\nds ea* p] annum4 ,! duties ( ! corporation also ext5d to ! exam9ation ( su* boys ( ,*ri/'s ,hospital z %all be will+ to become seam51 & to appr5tice !m to comm&]s ( %ips4 ,also1 ! appo9tm5t ( all pilots into & out ( ! ,?ames1 prohibit+ "u p5alties all o!r p]sons f ex]cis+ ! (fice2 ! puni%m5t ( seam5 des]t+1 c4 ,all ma/]s ( ! ,navy1 z well z ! pilots1 also und]go exam9ation be=e ?is corporation4 ,! rate ( dues *>geable by ! ,tr9ity ,h\se be=e ! pass+ ( ! ,act ( #ahcf1 v>i$ f "o six? ( a p5ny to "o p5ny p] ton1 on ea* light pass$2 & x appe>s f ! ,p>liam5t>y ,report1 t 9 #ahcb ! net am\nt ( rev5ue 0 sev5ty-sev5 ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & sev5ty-"o p\nds1 & ! exp5se ( ma9ta9+ ! lights ?irty-six ?\s& n9e hundr$ & f\r p\nds1 leav+ a surplus ( =ty ?\s& f\r hundr$ & sixty-sev5 p\nds1 to be exp5d$ 9 *>ity to ! am\nt ( ?irty-five ?\s&1 & ! re/ 9 ! erection ( new ligh?\ses1 & ! ma9t5ance ( ! g5]al e/abli%m5t4 ,by ! new ,act ! duties levi$ "u =m] ,acts 7 repeal$1 & x 0 enact$ t e ,briti% vessel1 & e private =eign vessel %\ld pay ! toll ( "o half-p5ny p] ton = e "t ( pass+1 or d]iv+ advantage f any light1 ) ! exception ( ! ,bell-,rock1 = :i* "o p5ny p] ton is ! toll4 ,e =eign vessel n privileg$ mu/ pay d\ble toll4 ,exemptions 7 made 9 fav\r ( ! ,k+'s vessels1 ^? ( ,tr9ity ,h\se1 & all vessels go+ 9 balla/ or engag$ 9 ! h]r+ fi%]y4 ,p[] 0 giv5 to ! commission]s ( nor!rn ligh?\ses to erect beacons1 & moor buoys1 & ! h>b\r-lights on ! ,scot* coa/ 7 plac$ "u _! contr\l4 ,?is ,act also conf]s on ! ,tr9ity ,h\se ! p[] ( ent]+ any ligh?\se "u ! *>ge ( o!r bo>ds1 to inspect _! condition1 & x gives !m a contr\l z to ! erection ( new ligh?\ses1 or ! alt]ation ( ^? already exi/+1 bo? 9 ,scotl& & ,irel&4 ,9 ! ev5t ( any diff]5ces ( op9ion betwe5 ! ?ree bo>ds1 appeal is to be made to ! ,privy ,c\ncil4 ,x is also enact$1 t acc\nts ( ! receipt ( all monies1 & a report ( all alt]ations made dur+ ! prec$+ ye>1 be annually laid be=e ea* ,h\se ( ,p>liam5t4 ,! public lights ( ,engl&1 includ+ ,heligol& 7a small isl& belong+ to ,engl& situate ab\t tw5ty-five miles f ! m\? ( ! ,elbe71 am\nt to sev5ty-"o 9 numb]1 & h be5 arrang$ 9 ! foll[+ classes4 #a4 ,^? belong+ to & "u ! managem5t ( ! ,corporation ( ! ,tr9ity ,h\se #ee lights #b4 ,^? 9 ! *>ge ( individuals "u lease f ! ,tr9ity ,h\se1 & hav+ diff]5t p]iods to run #c #c4 ,^? let by ! ,cr[n to individuals = a p]iod ( ye>s on leases r5ew$ s9ce ! ye> #ahbb #g #d4 ,lights orig9ally held "u pat5ts subsequ5tly sanction$ by ,acts ( ,p>liam5t1 & n[ 9 ! h&s ( proprietors #d #e4 ,at ,heligol& #a light #f4 ,"o float+ light at ,b5bridge ,lodge #a --------- ,total numb] ( public g5]al lights 9 ,engl& #ga lights --------- ,a li/ ( ! ligh?\ses ( ! ,briti% ,isl&s1 correct$ to ,july1 #ahcf1 is publi%$ at ! ,hydrographic ,(fice1 ,admiralty4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,eddy/one ,,ligh?\se ,,to ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,smeaton4 ,! ,eddy/one ,rocks--,_! situation & dang]\s ,"*--,! fir/ ,ligh?\se by ,w9/anley--,its progress & ,completion--,its awful ,fate--,rudy]d's ,ligh?\se--,description (--,its ,de/ruction by ,fire--,smeaton appo9t$ to con/ruct a ,new edifice4 ,! ,eddy/one ,rocks are situat$ ne>ly ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 f ! middle ( ,plym\? ,s\nd1 & at a di/ance f ! port ( ,plym\? ( ne>ly f\rte5 miles4 ,!y are rem>kable = ! great v>iety ( contr>y sets ( ! tide or curr5t among !m1 & h5ce x is suppos$ !y d]iv$ _! appellation4 ,f v>i\s causes ! curr5ts 9 ! di/rict ( ! *annel :]e ^! rocks lie are s exce$+ly irregul>1 t x requires mu* k ( ! local situation to %un ! dang]s connect$ ) !m4 ,suppos+ a l9e to be drawn betwe5 ! ,liz>d & ! ,/>t po9ts1 ! ,eddy/one rocks w\ld be f\nd ne>ly on1 or a little )9 t l9e4 ,! ne>e/ po9t ( l& to ^! rocks is ! promontory call$ ,ram-head4 ,z ! ,eddy/one rocks lie ne>ly 9 ! direction ( %ips coa/+ up & d[n ! *annel1 !y 71 previ\s to ! erection ( ! ligh?\se1 extremely dang]\s1 & (t5 fatal to %ips1 p>ticul>ly to su* z 7 homew>d b\nd f =eign p>ts2 s t _m ri* vessels 7 actually lo/ on ^! rocks1 x be+ n unusual = ! mo/ c>eful m>9] to run 8 vessel ^u !m dur+ ! night1 or 9 foggy wea!r at high wat]1 :5 ! :ole ranges ( ! rocks are entirely cov]$4 ,if ! situation ( ! ,eddy/one rocks be consid]$ ) ref]5ce to ! ocean & ! ,bay ( ,biscay1 x w be se5 t !y lie expos$ to ! great & heavy swells :i* come 9 f all ! s\?-we/]n po9ts ( ! compass4 ,inde$1 x is a fact well kn[n to m>9]s1 t all ! heavy seas f ^? qu>t]s come uncontroll$ ^u ^! rocks1 & break on !m ) ! utmo/ fury4 ,! p>ticul> con=mation ( ! rocks also t5ds to augm5t ! =ce & height ( ! seas1 = !y n only /ret* across ! *annel 9 a nor? & s\? direction to ! l5g? ( above "o hundr$ fa?oms1 b !y lie 9 a slop+ mann] t[>d ! s\?-we/ qu>t]4 ,! effect ( ?is slope 9 /ormy wea!r is to increase ! swell ( ! seas to a frightful ext5t2 & ev5 9 calm wea!r1 :5 ! sea is to all appe>ance smoo? & unruffl$1 ! gr\nd-swell f ! ocean cont9ues1 & meet+ ! slope ( ^! rocks1 ! waves (t5 break ^u !m ) great viol5ce4 ,! l>ge/ & highe/ ( ! ,eddy/one rocks is n[ call$ ! ,h\se-rock1 because e build+ :i* has be5 attempt$ has _h its f\ndation !re2 b ev5 on ?is ! mo/ fav\rable spot = su* ef=ts1 !re is a peculi> difficulty1 aris+ out ( its %ape & position4 ,!re is a sudd5 drop 9 ! surface ( ! rock1 =m+ a /ep ( ab\t f\r & a half or five feet high1 ! upp] "p some:at ov]-hang+ ! p]p5dicul>1 s t ! seas1 :i* 9 mod]ate wea!r come swell+ t[>ds t /ep1 meet s sudd5 a *eck !reby t !y frequ5tly fly to ! height ( ?irty or =ty feet4 ,?is prov$ a great int]ruption to ! works dur+ ! build+ ( ! ligh?\se1 = ! wat] com+ d[n f ?is height on ! area ( ! build+ completely wett$ ! "w-p1 & ei!r susp5d$ _! employm5t or caus$ !m to execute x 9 a v uncom=table situation4 ,?is is n ! case at all times1 b only :5 ! gr\nd-swell comes 9 f ! bay1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is con/ant dur+ s\?-we/]ly w9ds1 & = "s "t aft] !y h subsid$4 ,x w\ld appe> t ! _m fatal accid5ts :i* occurr$ to homew>d-b\nd %ips _h long made x mu* desir$1 z x 0 highly necess>y1 t "s beacon %\ld be erect$ on ! ,eddy/one rocks4 ,! =midable nature ( ! und]tak+1 & ! almo/ insup]able difficulties connect$ ) x1 may be suppos$ to h long repress$ ! ard\r ( ! zeal\s & ! humane2 b at l5g?1 9 ! ye> #afif1 a p]son 0 f\nd h>dy en\gh to und]take ! task1 & he 0 soon inve/$ ) ! necess>y p[]s to put x 9 execution4 ,?is p]son 0 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,w9/anley1 ( ,littlebury1 ,essex1 ^: me*anical abilities _h previ\sly be5 kn[n r by a s]ies ( ecc5tric contrivances ?an by any rem>kable pro( ( skill4 ,= in/ance3--9 8 h\se at ,littlebury1 if a visitor ent]$ an ap>tm5t & saw an old slipp] ly+ on ! floor1 & v naturally proce$$ to kick x aside ) 8 foot1 a gho/-l figure w\ld imm$iately />t up be=e him1 & if he retreat$ f x & took 8 seat 9 a *air1 a c\ple ( arms w\ld imm$iately clasp him 91 s t x w\ld be impossible to dis5gage himself )\t ! assi/ance ( an att5dant4 ,^! unpleasant jokes 7 n conf9$ to ! h\se2 = if ! un=tunate gue/ took refuge 9 ! g>d51 & unwitt+ly ent]$ ! summ]-h\se by ! side ( ! canal1 imm$iately he 0 s5t out afloat to ! middle ( ! wat]1 & c\ld n possibly make 8 escape )\t ! int]v5tion ( ! manag]4 ,^! tricks 7 app>5tly play$ = m]e amusem5t2 b ,mr4 ,w9/anley at "o "t turn$ 8 me*anical contrivances to acc\nt1 by e/abli%+ an exhibition at ,hyde-,p>k ,corn]1 call$ ',w9/anley's ,wat]-,works1' ! price ( admission be+ "o %ill+ ea* p]son4 ,unimportant z ^! p>ticul>s may appe>1 !y s]ve to m>k ! turn ( m9d ( ! fir/ eng9e] ( ! ,eddy/one1 & to acc\nt 9 "s degree = ! :imsical nature ( ! build+s erect$ by him4 ,f ,w9/anley's own n>rative1 we f9d t he began 8 ligh?\se 9 #afif1 & t x took m ?an f\r ye>s 9 build+1 bo? on acc\nt ( ! greatness ( ! "w1 & ! difficulty & dang] ( gett+ backw>ds & =w>ds to ! place4 ,?\gh no?+ 0 attempt$ except 9 ! summ] season1 yet ev5 !n1 ! wea!r at times w\ld prove s unfav\rable t = t5 or f\rte5 days toge!r1 ow+ to ! gr\nd-swell f ! ma9 ocean1 ! sea w\ld be rag+ ab\t ^! rocks1 :ile calm else:]e1 & fly up m ?an two hundr$ feet1 bury+ all ! works1 & mak+ x impossible = ! eng9e] to approa*4 ,! fir/ summ] 0 sp5t 9 mak+ twelve holes 9 ! rock1 & fa/5+ twelve l>ge irons to hold ! "w t 0 to be done aft]w>ds4 ,x appe>s t ,w9/anley & 8 p>ty made s+le j\rnies e "t f ,plym\?1 & _h n any /ore-%ip ly+ at moor+s z a place ( con/ant retreat4 ,?is 0 a great ov]sight1 & unnecess>ily ret>d$ 8 "w4 ,_m j\rnies 7 tak5 9 va91 :5 no l&+ c\ld be effect$1 & dur+ ! "w ! h\rs ( lab\r 7 ne$lessly curtail$ by prep>ations = ! safety ( ! mat]ials dur+ _! abs5ce1 & also = _! own dep>ture4 ,! second summ] 0 employ$ 9 mak+ a solid r\nd pill>1 twelve feet high & f\rte5 9 diamet]4 ,?is 0 an important /ep3 ! workm5 _h n[ "s small %elt]1 & some?+ to hold by4 ,! season also prov$ r m fav\rable ?an ! prec$+2 b ! lab\r ( convey+ mat]ials1 & mak+ !m secure1 or return+ !m to ! boats e night :5 !y left "w1 0 v great4 ,dur+ ! ?ird ye>1 ?is pill> 0 made good at ! f\ndation f ! rock to sixte5 feet 9 diamet]1 & ! edifice 0 rais$ to ! height ( eighty feet4 ',be+ all f9i%$1' says ! eng9e]1 ') ! lant]n1 & all ! rooms t 7 9 x1 we v5tur$ to lodge !re soon aft] ,midsumm]1 = ! great] dispat* ( ! "w4 ,b ! fir/ night ! wea!r came bad1 & s cont9u$1 t x 0 elev5 days be=e any boats c\ld come ne> u aga92 & n be+ acqua9t$ ) ! height ( ! sea's ris+1 we 7 almo/ dr[n$ ) wet1 & our provisions 9 z bad a condition1 ?\gh we work$ night & day z mu* z possible to make %elt] = ourselves4 ,9 ?is /orm we lo/ "s ( our mat]ials1 al?\gh we did :at we c\ld to save !m2 b ! boat !n return+1 we all left ! h\se to be refre%$ on %ore3 & z soon z ! wea!r did p]mit we return$ & f9i%$ all1 & put up ! light on ! #ad? ,novemb] #afih2 :i* be+ s late 9 ! ye>1 x 0 ?ree days be=e ,*ri/mas be=e we _h relief to g on %ore aga91 & 7 almo/ at ! la/ extremity = want ( provisions2 b by good ,provid5ce1 !n two boats came ) provisions & ! family t 0 to take c>e ( ! light1 & s end$ ?is ye>'s "w4' ,! f\r? ye> 0 sp5t 9 /r5g!n+ & enl>g+ ! /ructure4 ,! sea _h consid]ably damag$ ! build+ dur+ ! w9t]1 & at times ! lant]n 0 s completely buri$ b5ea? ! waves1 t x 0 ?\ght exp$i5t to raise ! height ( ! edifice4 ,e>ly 9 ! spr+ ! build+ 0 encompass$ ) a new "w ( f\r feet ?ickness f ! f\ndation1 & all 0 made solid ne>ly tw5ty feet high4 ,! upp] "p ( ! build+ 0 tak5 d[n1 & e "p 0 enl>g$ 9 its proportion4 ,! height 0 increas$ =ty feet2 & yet ! sea1 9 /ormy wea!r1 flew1 to all appe>ance1 "o hundr$ feet above ! vane4 ,mr4 ,w9/anley has left no description ( ?is /ructure2 b a pr9t1 f a draw+ said to h be5 made on ! spot1 0 extant 9 ,smeaton's "t1 s t he describes x z consi/+ ( a /ore-room1 ) a project+ cab9 to ! s\?-ea/1 a kit*51 a /ate-room1 a lodg+-room1 an op5 gall]y or plat=m1 an att5d+ or look-out room1 & a lant]n = ! lights surr\nd$ by a gall]y or balcony#c4 ,?us ,mr4 ,w9/anley's ligh?\se 0 complet$ 9 #agjj1 & ?\gh de/9$ to rema9 b a %ort "t1 x 0 a mo/ important & h]oic /ep accompli%$4 ,mank9d 7 n[ conv9c$ t ! erection ( a build+ ^u ! ,eddy/one rocks 0 n an impracticable ?+1 ?\gh long deem$ s2 & if exp]i5ce n[ prov$ t ! %ock ( ! surges 0 augm5t$1 by ! int]position ( ! build+1 to a furi\s ext5t1 x also l$ ! way to fur!r trials & exp$i5ts to c\nt]act t %ock4 ,9 ,novemb] #agjc ,mr4 ,w9/anley w5t d[n to ,plym\? to sup]9t5d "s repairs t _h become necess>y to ! ligh?\se2 & :5 he 0 ab\t to proce$ ) 8 workm5 to ! spot1 "s ( 8 fri5ds1 conv9c$ f ! /ructure ( ! ligh?\se t x c\ld n la/ long1 v5tur$ to intimate _! suspicions to him1 & to w>n him ( dang]4 ,8 reply 01 t he felt s conv9c$ ( ! /r5g? ( 8 build+1 t he only wi%$ he might be !re 9 ! greate/ /orm t ev] blew "u ! face ( heav51 t he might see :at effect x w\ld h ^u ! /ructure4 ,x is pa9ful to record ?is presumptu\s wi%1 & /ill m s to relate its fulfilm5t4 ,mr4 ,w9/anley ) 8 "w-p & light-keep]s _h tak5 up _! abode at ! ligh?\se1 :5 a dreadful /orm began1 & 9 ! night ( ! #bf? ( ,novemb] rea*$ a t]rific height4 ,inde$ ( all ! acc\nts :i* hi/ory furni%es ( /orms 9 ,great ,brita91 none is to be f\nd ( a m awful & deva/at+ nature ?an ?is4 ,plym\? itself suff]$ sev]ely2 & :5 morn+ came1 & ! height ( ! tempe/ 0 pa/1 !re 0 an eag] look out 9 ! direction ( ! ligh?\se1 to see :at injury x might h su/a9$4 ,b ! wat]s ru%$ on ov] ! ,eddy/one rocks1 no long] imp$$ by ! l(ty /ructure t _h be5 re>$ ) su* pa9s & co/4 ,w9/anley1 8 "w-p1 8 light-keep]s1 8 boa/$ /ructure--all _h be5 swept away by ! resi/less fury ( ! w9ds & waves2 & n only ?is1 b a homew>d-b\nd vessel1 ! ',w9*elsea1' depriv$ ( ! w>n+ light t might h av]t$ h] fate1 /ruck ^u ^! rocks1 & lo/ ne>ly h] :ole crew4 ,?is lam5table ev5t is detail$ 9 mo/ ( ! public pap]s ( ! day2 & ! loss to ! nation1 z x respect$ ,w9/anley himself1 :o 0 deem$ ! only p]son able to recon/ruct ! edifice1 deeply deplor$4 ,?ree ye>s elaps$ ere ! necess>y /eps 7 tak5 fur comm5c+ anew ?is mo/ useful "w4 ,x appe>s f ?is t "s ob/ructions to ! und]tak+ 7 (f]$1 s9ce x 0 n until ! #d? ( ,que5 ,anne t an ,act ( ,p>liam5t 0 obta9$ = ! bett] enabl+ ! ,ma/]1 ,w>d5s1 & ,assi/ants ( ,tr9ity ,h\se1 ,dept=d ,/r&1 to rebuild ! ,ligh?\se4 ,! act runs ?us3 ',& :]eas !re n[ is1 & "t out ( m9d has be51 a v dang]\s rock1 call$ ! ,edy/one ly+ (f ( ,plym\?1 9 ! c\nty ( ,devon1 ^u :i* div]s %ips & vessels h be5 ca/ away & de/roy$3 & :]eas ^u application "s "t s9ce made to ! said ,ma/]1 ,w>d5s1 & ,assi/ants1 by great numb]s ( ma/]s & own]s ( %ipp+ to h a ligh?\se erect$ ^u ! said rock1 (f]+ & agree+ 9 consequ5ce ( ! great *>ge1 difficulty1 & haz>d ( su* an und]tak+1 to pay ! said ,ma/]1 c4 "o p5ny p] ton outw>ds1 & ! l inw>ds1 = all %ips & vessels :i* %\ld pass su* ligh?\se1 7coa/]s except$1 :i* %\ld pay twelve p5ce only = ea* voyage17 !y1 ! said ,ma/]1 c4 hav+ a due reg>d to ! safety & pres]vation ( ! %ipp+ & navigation ( ?is k+dom1 did 9 ! ye> #afif cause a ligh?\se to be begun to be erect$ ^u ! said rock1 & 9 ?ree ye>s a light 0 plac$ !re92 & ! said ligh?\se 9 ! t]m ( five ye>s 0 ) mu* haz>d & difficulty1 & at a v great exp5se1 fully built & complet$1 to ! great satisfaction ( ! flag-(fic]s & comm&]s ( ! fleet & %ips ( w>1 & ( all o!r conc]n$ 9 trade & navigation1 ! same be+ n only useful = avoid+ ! dang]\s rock ^u :i* x 0 built1 b also z a guide & direction to %ips pass+ ?r\gh ! *annel f & to all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,& :]eas ! said ligh?\se 0 pres]v$ & kept up = sev]al ye>s1 not)/&+ ! great =ce & viol5ce ( ! w9d & sea1 7to :i* x 0 expos$17 until ! late dreadful /orm 9 ,novemb] #agjc1 :5 ! same 0 bl[n d[n & de/roy$3 & :]eas x 0 f\nd by exp]i5ce t ! said ligh?\se 7dur+ ! /&+ !re(7 0 ( public use & b5efit to ?is k+dom1 a means to pres]ve h] ,maje/y's %ips ( w>1 & ! %ipp+1 lives1 & e/ates ( h] subjects4 ,& =asmu* z ! spe$y rebuild+ ! said ligh?\se is absolutely necess>y = avoid+ ! dang]s att5d+ ! trade & navigation ( ?is k+dom1 & 9 reg>d ! same "w is ( great *>ge1 haz>d1 & exp5se1 & all due & prop] enc\ragem5t ought to be giv5 !reto2 to ! end !re=e t ! said ,ma/]1 c4 may be enc\rag$ to new-erect & build1 or cause to be new-erect$ & built1 ! said ligh?\se ) all conv5i5t spe$1 & con/antly keep & ma9ta9 ! same = ! b5efit ( ! navigation & trade ( ?is k+dom1 be x enact$1 c4' ,x !n proce$s to enact ! paym5t ( ! duties above m5tion$1 & d\ble on =eign vessels1 'f & aft] ! k9dl+ or plac+ a light useful = %ipp+ 9 ! said ligh?\se4' ,9 #agjf a lease ( n9ety-n9e ye>s 0 grant$ by ! corporation ( ,tr9ity ,h\se to a ,capta9 ,lovet1 :o und]took ! managem5t ( ! affairs connect$ ) ! build+4 ,! *oice ,capta9 ,lovet made ( an eng9e]1 or ar*itect & surveyor1 may seem a /range "o4 ,he deput$ to t (fice ,john ,rudy]d1 a silk-m]c] :o kept a %op on ,ludgate ,hill4 ,x does n appe> t ?is ,rudy]d _h be5 br$ to any sci5tific pr(ession4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is report$ t 8 p>5ts & family 7 vagrants1 & notori\s = ! badness ( _! *>act]s2 b t f some?+ promis+ 9 ! aspect ( ?is boy1 a g5tleman took him into 8 s]vice1 & gave him in/ruction 9 read+1 writ+1 acc\nts1 & ma!matics1 9 all :i* ! boy made ready progress2 s t 8 ma/] 0 enabl$ to gratify 8 b5evol5t int5tion ( advanc+ him 9 life1 & recomm5d+ him to "s employm5t above ! rank ( a s]vant4 ,?us 0 laid ! f\ndation ( 8 future success4 ,no d\bt ,capta9 ,lovet _h become well assur$ ( ! g5ius ( ?is man1 ere he entru/$ him ) a "w = :i* no previ\s exp]i5ce _h qualifi$ him4 ,at any rate1 ! *oice 0 a wise "o4 ,rudy]d's designs prov$ admirable1 & 8 want ( p]sonal exp]i5ce 0 9 a great degree suppli$ by ! help ( ,messrs4 ,smi? & ,norcutt1 %ipwrights f ,woolwi*1 :o work$ ) him ! :ole "t4 ,rudy]d saw ! errors 9 ,w9/anley's build+1 & avoid$ !m3 in/ead ( a polygon1 he *ose a circle = ! outl9e ( 8 build+1 & c>ri$ up ! elevation 9 t =m4 ,he /udi$ use & simplicity in/ead ( ornam5t2 !re=e he disp5s$ ) ! op5 gall]y & o!r unnecess>y app5dages ( ! =m] build+4 ,aft] ! completion ( 8 "w1 ,rudy]d publi%$ a pr9t ( 8 ligh?\se1 entitl$ ',a ,prospect & ,section ( ! ,ligh?\se on ! ,edy/one ,rock (f ( ,plym\?2' ) ! motto1 ,furit natura co]cet ars1 d$icat$ to ,?omas ,e>l ( ,pembroke1 !n ,"l ,high ,admiral4 ,rudy]d did n fail to obs]ve t ow+ to ! v consid]able slope ( ! surface ( ! ,eddy/one rock1 no?+ w\ld /& ^u x )\t artificial means3 he !re=e conclud$1 t if ! rock 7 r$uc$ to level be>+s1 ! heavy bodies to be plac$ ^u x w\ld !n h no t5d5cy to slide4 ,he !re=e int5d$ to h r$uc$ ! incl9$ surface to a set ( regul> /eps1 :i* w\ld h be5 att5d$ ) ! same good effect1 z if ! :ole c\ld h be5 r$uc$ to "o level2 b 9 consequ5ce ( ! h>dness ( ! rock1 ! %ortness & unc]ta9ty ( ! int]vals 9 :i* ?is "p ( ! "w 0 p]=m$1 & ! great t5d5cy ( ! lam9 ( ! rock to rise 9 spawls1 accord+ to ! incl9$ surface :5 act$ ^u by tools ) suffici5t =ce to make an impression1 ?is "p ( ! "w1 i4 e4 ! r$uc+ ( ! rock to /eps1 0 nev] p]fectly c>ri$ out4 ,! face ( ! rock 01 h[ev]1 divid$ into sev5 r unequal asc5ts3 ?irty-six holes 7 cut 9 ! rock1 to ! dep? ( f tw5ty to ?irty in*es4 ,^! holes 7 six in*es squ>e at ! top1 gradually n>r[+ to five in*es1 & !n spread+ aga9 & flatt5+ to n9e in*es by ?ree at ! bottom4 ,!y 7 all cut smoo? )91 & ) great dispat*1 z ,rudy]d himself in=ms u1 7?\gh ! /one 0 h>d] ?an any m>ble or /one !reab\ts17 ) eng9es = t purpose4 ,e cramp or bolt 0 =g$ exactly to ! size ( ! hole x 0 design$ to fill1 weigh+ f two to five hundr$ weight1 accord+ to its diff]5t l5g? & sub/ance4 ,^! bolts or bran*es s]v$ to fa/5 ! f\ndation to ! rock4 ,! me?od ( fix+ ^! bran*es 9 ! rock 0 +5i\s1 & prov$ q effectual2 s t :5 ,smeaton took out "s ( ^! bran*es m ?an =ty ye>s aft]w>ds1 !y 7 p]fectly s\nd1 & ! iron _h n ev5 ru/$4 ,:5 ! holes 7 f9i%$ & cle>$ ( wat]1 ,rudy]d caus$ a consid]able quantity ( melt$ tall[ to be p\r$ into ea* hole3 ! iron bran* 0 !n heat$ to a blue heat1 & be+ put d[n into ! tall[1 ! key 0 firmly driv5 94 ,?us all ! space unfill$ by ! iron w\ld become full ( tall[ ev5 to ov]fl[+4 ,:ile all rema9$ hot1 a quantity ( melt$ pewt] 0 p\r$ into ! *9ks1 & drove out ! rema9d] ( ! tall[1 ?us effectually fill+ up e crevice4 ,:5 all ! iron bran*es 7 ?us made fa/ 9 ! solid rock1 ,rudy]d proce$$ to fix a c\rse ( squ>$ oak timb]s l5g?wise ^u ! l[e/ /ep1 s z to rea* to ! level ( ! /ep above4 ,ano!r set ( timb]s 7 !n laid crosswise1 s z to cov] ^? already laid d[n1 & also to c>ry ! level surface to ! height ( ! ?ird /ep4 ,! ?ird /ratum 0 aga9 laid l5g?wise1 ! f\r? crosswise1 c41 until a basem5t ( solid wood 0 rais$1 two complete c\rses high] ?an ! highe/ "p ( ! rock2 ! :ole be+ fitt$ toge!r1 & to ! rock 7by means ( ! bran*es7 z closely z possible2 :ile all ! timb]s1 9 _! int]sections ) ea* o!r1 7 tr5ail$ toge!r4 ,! bran*es orig9ally let into ! solid rock 7 p]=at$ 9 _! upp] p>ts1 "s ) ?ree & "s ) f\r holes1 s t 9 e pair 7collectively call$ a bran*7 !re w\ld be ab\t sev5 holes2 & z !re 7 at lea/ ?irty-six orig9al bran*es1 !re w\ld be two hundr$ & fifty-two holes1 :i* 7 ab\t sev5-eigh?s ( an in* 9 diamet]2 & consequ5tly 7 capable ( receiv+ z _m l>ge be>d$ spikes or jag-bolts1 :i* be+ driv5 ?r\gh ! bran*es into ! solid timb] held ! mass firmly d[n2 :ile a great multiplicity ( tr5ails 9 ! int]sections conf9$ ! /rata closely & compactly toge!r4 ,9 ?is way1 by fix+ lay] ^u lay] ( solid squ>$ oak-timb] ( ! be/ quality1 ,rudy]d 0 enabl$ to make a solid basem5t ( ! requir$ height2 b 9 addition to ?is he judici\sly act$ ^u ! pr9ciple t weight is mo/ naturally & effectually resi/$ by weight4 ,he consid]$ t all ! jo9ts ( ^! timb]s 7 p]vi\s to wat]1 & t x 0 n possible t e portion ( ! gr\nd lay] %\ld be precisely & entirely 9 contact ) ! rock2 & he 0 well aw>e t :]e ! contact 0 n p]fect1 s z to exclude ! wat] !refrom1 ?\gh ! sep>ation 0 only ( ! ?ickness ( writ+-pap]1 yet ! action ( a wave ^u x edgewise w\ld produce an equal effect t[>ds lift+ x upw>ds1 z if x act$ imm$iately ^u s mu* area ( ! bottom z 0 n 9 close contact4 ,to c\nt]act !re=e e t5d5cy ( ! seas to move ! build+ 9 any direction1 he int]pos$ /rata ( ,corni% ,granite4 ,?us ! f\ndation 0 ( oak z f> z two c\rses above ! top ( ! rock1 !n five c\rses ( /one 7 add$1 ( a foot ea* 9 ?ickness1 & ^! 7 kept toge!r & secur$ by cramps ( iron4 ,two m c\rses ( timb] !n foll[$1 & ?us 0 f9i%$ ! entire solid portion ( ! basem5t4 ,rudy]d's ligh?\se 0 begun 9 ,july #agjf1 & completely f9i%$ 9 #agji4 ,! entry door 0 full eight feet above ! highe/ "p ( ! rock1 & !re=e an iron ladd] ( great /r5g? 0 employ$ z ! mode ( asc5t4 ,! floor ( ! /ore-room 0 laid at ! height ( tw5ty-sev5 feet above ! rock4 ,f\r rooms1 "o above ano!r1 & ! lant]n1 ) its balcony1 complet$ ! edifice4 ,! ma9 column ( ! build+ consi/$ ( "o simple figure1 be+ an elegant fru/um ( a cone1 unbrok5 by any project+ ornam5t1 or any ?+ :]eon ! viol5ce ( ! /orms c\ld lay hold1 be+1 exclusive ( its slop+ f\ndation1 tw5ty-two feet eight in*es ^u its l>ge/ circul> base2 sixty-"o feet high above t circul> base2 & f\rte5 feet ?ree in*es 9 diamet] at ! top4 ,! :ole edifice1 ) ! exception ( ! c\rses ( granite at ! base1 :i* may be reg>d$ z balla/1 0 compos$ ( timb]1 skilfully jo9$ & fitt$1 & exhibit+ an excell5t specim5 ( %ipwrights' "w4 ,all ! w9d[-%utt]s1 doors1 c4 7 s =m$ z :5 %ut to fall 9 ) ! g5]al surface1 )\t mak+ any unev5ness or projection4 ,! only project+ p>ts 9 ! :ole build+ 7 a simple cornice n9e in*es wide1 = ! protection ( ! w9d[s ( ! lant]n1 :i* c\ld n ( c\rse be def5d$ by %utt]s1 & ano!r cornice ( simil> wid? at ! base1 :i* fill$ up ! angle betwe5 ! upright timb]s ( ! build+ & ! slop+ surface ( ! rock4 ,! lant]n 0 an octagon ( t5 feet six in*es 9 diamet]1 ext]nally1 & above x1 0 a ball ( two feet ?ree in*es diamet]4 ,! :ole height ( ! ligh?\se1 f ! l[e/ side to ! top ( ! ball1 0 n9ety-two feet4 ,rudy]d's ligh?\se /ood 9 ne$ ( no mat]ial repairs = "s ye>s2 b at l5g? ! upright timb]s 7 consid]ably damag$ by ! attacks ( a small worm1 & 7 consequ5tly subject to ext5sive rep>ation4 ,= _m ye>s aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ligh?\se1 x 0 att5d$ by two light-keep]s only1 ^: duty x 0 to keep ! w9d[s ( ! lant]n clean1 & to wat* f\r h\rs alt]nately1 = ! purpose ( snuff+ & r5ew+ ! c&les4 ,ea* at ! conclusion ( 8 wat* took c>e to call ! o!r1 & see him on duty be=e he retir$4 ,! duties ( ! ligh?\se did n actually require m ?an two m5 = ?is s]vice2 b a pa9ful incid5t :i* occurr$ at ! p]iod we are ref]r+ to1 caus$ a *ange 9 ?is respect4 ,"o ( ! two light-keep]s 0 tak5 sudd5ly ill1 & di$2 & ! survivor _h no means ( mak+ any "o acqua9t$ ) ! circum/ance4 ,! signal1 :5 any?+ 0 want$ by ! light-keep]s1 0 to hoi/ a l>ge flag ^u a flag-/aff f ! balcony rails1 s z to be fully ext5d$ 9 ! w9d1 cle> ( ! build+4 ,?is flag-/aff c\ld be se5 9 mod]ate wea!r f ! heights ab\t ,ram-head2 & t x might nev] be hung out 9 va91 a rew>d ( half a gu9ea 0 giv5 to ! fir/ p]son :o br\ght tid+s ( ! fact to ! ag5t at ,plym\?2 & ?is ag5t imm$iately s5t out a boat1 to l& at ! rock 7if possible71 & asc]ta9 :at 0 want$4 ,! rema9+ light-keep]1 on ?is occasion1 hoi/$ ! accu/om$ signal1 :i* 0 also obs]v$ on %ore2 b s boi/]\s 0 ! wea!r1 t1 = a long "t1 x 0 impossible = a boat to approa* )9 speak+ di/ance ( ! rocks4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod1 ! liv+ man f\nd himself 9 a mo/ awful & di/ress+ situation3 he knew n h[ to dispose ( ! corpse2 = if he ?rew x into ! waves1 :i* 0 8 only means ( gett+ rid ( x1 he fe>$ t he might be *>g$ ) ! murd] ( 8 companion2 & yet ea* day t x rema9$1 x 0 endang]+ 8 own life1 by ! extremely (f5sive condition to :i* x 0 r$uc$4 ,:51 at la/1 ! p f ! boat effect$ a l&+1 !y f\nd ! :ole build+ fill$ ) ! mo/ insuff]able od\r1 & ! dead body 9 su* a /ate t x 0 impossible to remove x to ,plym\? = int]m5t3 !y !re=e consign$ x to ! sea2 b x 0 a long "t be=e ! rooms c\ld be purifi$ or made heal?ful4 ,?is circum/ance induc$ ! proprietors ( ! ligh?\se to employ a ?ird man2 s t1 9 case ( a future accid5t ( ! same nature1 or ! sickness ( ei!r1 !re might be con/antly "o to supply ! place4 ,?is regulation af=d$ a seasonable relief to ! light-keep]s2 = z soon z ?ree 7 appo9t$ to ! s]vice1 a rule 0 made t 9 summ] ea* man 9 8 turn %\ld be p]mitt$ to g on %ore1 & sp5d a mon? ) 8 fri5ds & acqua9tance4 ,t a resid5ce 9 ! ligh?\se1 solit>y & desolate z x mu/ h be51 0 consid]$ no h>d%ip by ^? :o und]took ! (fice1 ! foll[+ anecdote w prove4 ,a skipp] 0 once c>ry+ out 9 8 boat a new light-keep] to ! rock4 ,! man _h be5 a %oemak]1 & ! skipp] said to him1 ',fri5d ,jacob1 h[ is x t y *oose to g out to be a light-keep]1 :5 y c e>n1 z ,i h be5 told1 half-a-cr[n or ?ree %ill+s a day on %ore1 by mak+ lea!rn hose1--! light-keep]'s sal>y is b tw5ty-five p\nds a ye>1 :i*1 y "k1 is sc>ce t5 %ill+s a week8' ',i am go+ to be a light-keep]1' said ! %oemak]1 'because ,i don't l conf9em5t4' ,?is answ] naturally excit$ ! skipp]'s m]rim5t1 & ! %oemak] expla9$ 8 mean+ to be t he did n l to be conf9$ to "w4 ,^! dwell]s on ! rock 7 cut (f f all communication ) _! fell[-creatures = weeks & mon?s toge!r dur+ /ormy wea!r2 & x might naturally be expect$ t "u ^! circum/ances !y %\ld be b\nd to ea* o!r by ties ( bro!rly feel+ & goodwill4 ,b diss5sion & /rife are n %ut out f ! human bosom by m]e retirem5t f ! busy sc5es ( life4 ,:5 only two light-keep]s inhabit$ ! build+1 x happ5$ t "s visitors1 :o _h repair$ ?i!r to gratify _! curiosity by an exam9ation ( ! ligh?\se1 obs]v$ to "o ( ! m51 h[ v com=tably !y might live !re 9 a /ate ( retirem5t4 ',yes1' said ! man1 'we might live com=tably en\gh1 if we c\ld h ! use ( our tongues2 b x is n[ a full mon? s9ce my p>tn] & ,i h spok5 to ea* o!r4' ,connect$ ) ,rudy]d's ligh?\se an anecdote is told ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 :i* is hon\rable to 8 feel+s4 ,dur+ ! progress ( ! "w at ! ,eddy/one rocks1 a ,fr5* private] seiz$ ! m5 employ$ on ! build+1 & took !m1 toge!r ) _! tools1 to ,france1 expect+ to be h&somely rew>d$4 ,:ile ! captives lay 9 prison1 ! transaction rea*$ ! e>s ( ! mon>*4 ,he imm$iately ord]$ !m to be releas$1 & ! captors put 9 _! place1 decl>+1 t ?\gh he 0 at w> ) ,engl&1 he 0 n at w> ) mank9d4 ,he obs]v$ t ! ,eddy/one ligh?\se 0 s situat$ z to be ( equal s]vice to all nations hav+ occasion to navigate ! *annel t divides ,france f ,engl&1 & he !re=e direct$ ! m5 to be s5t back to _! "w ) pres5ts4 ,! value ( ! pr9ciples on :i* ,rudy]d _h conduct$ 8 "w 0 abundantly prov$ by ! fact1 t 8 ligh?\se cont9u$ to brave ! =ce ( ! /orms = upw>ds ( =ty-six ye>s1 & at ! end ( t p]iod 0 de/roy$1 n by wat]1 b by fire4 ,?is sad calamity happ5$ on ! #bnd ( ,decemb]1 #agee4 ,x has nev] be5 possible fully to inve/igate ! cause ( ! build+ tak+ fire1 b x appe>s to h comm5c$ 9 ! v top ( ! lant]n or cupola4 ,z ! :ole build+ 0 ( wood1 x is possible t ! heat ( ! c&les 9 ! lant]n1 cont9u$ dur+ ! long p]iod ( betwe5 =ty & fifty ye>s1 might h br\ght ! ?9 bo>ds :i* l9$ ! cupola to su* a /ate ( dryness & inflammability1 t1 toge!r ) ! soot :i* encru/$ x1 & :i* 0 =m$ f ! smoke ( ! c&les1 x might h be5 z liable to take fire z a mass ( t9d]1 & a s+le sp>k f "o ( ! c&les w\ld be suffici5t to effect ! mis*ief4 ,! light-keep]s !mselves attribut$ ! fire to ! copp] funnel ( ! kit*5 *imney :i* pass$ ?r\gh ! cupola4 ,h[ev] ?is might be1 ! ?ree light-keep]s alone rema9$ 9 ! edifice1 & :5 "o ( !m1 ^: turn x 0 to wat*1 w5t into ! lant]n at ab\t two o'clock 9 ! morn+ to snuff ! c&les he f\nd a d5se smoke1 & ^u 8 op5+ ! door ( ! lant]n into ! balcony1 a flame in/antly bur/ f ! inside ( ! cupola4 ,! man al>m$ 8 companions1 & !y us$ _! utmo/ endeav\rs to ext+ui% ! fire1 b on acc\nt ( ! difficulty ( gett+ a suffici5t supply ( wat] to ! top ( ! build+1 !y soon f\nd _! ef=ts va91 & 7 oblig$ to retreat d[nw>ds f room to room z ! fire ga!r$ /r5g?4 ,e>ly 9 ! morn+ ! fire 0 p]ceiv$ by "s fi%]m51 & intellig5ce be+ giv51 a boat & m5 7 s5t out to ! relief ( ! poor light-keep]s4 ,! boat rea*$ ! place at t5 o'clock1 aft] ! fire _h be5 burn+ eight h\rs4 ,! light-keep]s _h be5 driv5 n only f all ! rooms & ! /aircase1 b to avoid ! r$ hot timb]1 & ! fall+ ( ! bolts ^u !m1 !y _h be5 =c$ to creep into a hole or cave on ! ea/ side ( ! rock1 :]e !y 7 f\nd almo/ 9 a /ate ( /upefaction4 ,!re 0 great difficulty 9 gett+ !m (f ! rock1 = ! surf 0 too high to enable ! boat to effect a l&+2 b ! m5 !mselves becom+ consci\s ( _! p]il\s situation1 & ( ! ef=ts t 7 be+ made to save !m1 adopt$ ! only means ( escape :i* n[ rema9$4 ,by great ef=ts1 a small boat _h be5 got ne> en\gh to ?r[ a coil ( rope ^u a projection ( ! rock1 & ! suff]]s _h suffici5t rema9+ en]gy to lay hold ( x1 & "o by "o to fa/5 x r\nd _! bodies & jump into ! sea4 ,?us !y 7 t[$ into ! small boat1 & !nce deliv]$ to ! l>ge "o1 :i* return$ ) !m to ,plym\?4 ,no soon]1 h[ev]1 7 !y set on %ore ?an "o ( !m made (f1 & 0 nev] aft]w>ds he>d (4 ,?is suspici\s circum/ance w\ld naturally induce ! idea t ! man _h himself orig9at$ ! conflagration2 b ! fact ( its be+ a ligh?\se ) no means ( retreat = ! inmates1 & e reason to believe t !y mu/ p]i% ) ! build+1 is mu* oppos$ to ?is idea4 ,9 giv+ an acc\nt ( ?is circum/ance1 ,smeaton says1 ',i w\ld r impute 8 sudd5 flight to t k9d ( panic :i* sometimes1 on important occasions1 seizes weak m9ds2 mak+ !m act )\t reason1 & 9 s do+ commit actions ^: t5d5cy is ! v rev]se ( :at !y desire4' ,( ! o!r two light-keep]s1 "o1 nam$ ,h5ry ,hall1 _h receiv$ injuries ( a mo/ s]i\s nature2 & 8 case is n a little extraord9>y4 ,at ! "t ( ! fire1 !re 01 accord+ to ! usual cu/om1 a tub ( wat] /&+ 9 ! lant]n ( ! ligh?\se2 & :5 ?is man p]ceiv$ ! flames1 he imm$iately ex]t$ himself to ! utmo/ 9 ?r[+ buckets ( wat] up into ! ro( ( ! cupola4 ,z he 0 do+ ?is1 & look+ upw>ds to see ! effect ( 8 endeav\rs1 a quantity ( lead1 dissolv$ by ! heat ( ! flames1 sudd5ly ru%$ f ! ro(1 & fell ^u 8 head1 face1 & %\ld]s1 burn+ him 9 a sev]e mann]4 ,at ?is mom5t 8 m\? happ5$ to be op51 & he p]si/$ 9 decl>+ t "s lead _h gone d[n 8 ?roat1 & 0 ! cause ( viol5t int]nal pa94 ,:5 remov$ to 8 cottage at ,/oneh\se1 he inv>iably told ,dr4 ,spry1 ! m$ical man :o att5d$ him1 & :o con/antly adm9i/]$ ! prop] rem$ies = ! burns & injuries he _h receiv$1 t if he w\ld d any?+ effectual to 8 recov]y1 he mu/ relieve 8 /oma* ( ! lead1 :i* he 0 sure x conta9$4 ,?is /ory appe>$ q incr$ible to ,dr4 ,spry1 :o did n believe t any human be+ c\ld exi/ aft] receiv+ melt$ lead into ! /oma*2 mu* less t he %\ld aft]w>ds be able to be> t[+ ?r\gh ! sea f ! rock2 & also ! fatigue & inconv5i5ce f ! l5g? ( "t employ$ 9 gett+ him a%ore1 be=e any rem$ies c\ld be appli$4 ,! man w5t on )\t mu* *ange = ! bett] or = ! worse4 ,he took m$ic9es1 & swall[$ _m ?+s bo? liquid & solid1 until ! t5? or elev5? day1 :5 he sudd5ly grew worse1 & on ! twelf? day1 be+ seiz$ ) cold sweats & spasms1 he soon aft]w>ds expir$4 ,on a subsequ5t exam9ation ( ! /oma*1 ,dr4 ,spry f\nd1 to 8 a/oni%m5t1 a solid piece ( lead ( a flat oval =m1 :i* weigh$ sev5 ounces & five dra*ms4 ,smeaton saw ?is piece ( lead1 & obs]v$ t "p ( ! coat ( ! /oma* _h firmly adh]$ to ! convex side ( x4 ,dr4 ,spry transmitt$ an acc\nt ( ?is v s+ul> case to ! ,royal ,society3 b x 0 n receiv$ ) entire belief until he _h1 by subsequ5t exp]im5ts ^u animals1 borne out ! fact t x is possible = melt$ lead to be receiv$ into ! /oma* )\t ! imm$iate dea? ( ! suff]]2 ?\gh m probable t1 9 ! great majority ( cases1 in/ant dea? w\ld be ! result4 ,b to return to ! ,eddy/one rock4 ,not)/&+ e ex]tion 0 made to subdue ! flames1 ! ligh?\se 0 totally consum$1 ev5 to ! massive f\ndations1 & no?+ 0 left ^u ! rock b a numb] ( ! iron cramps & bran*es4 ,! value ( a ligh?\se on ! ,eddy/one rock _h n[ be5 s fully prov$1 t no "t 0 to be lo/ 9 endeav\r+ to build a new "o 9 ! place ( t :i* _h be5 s un=tunately de/roy$4 ,an application 0 made to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,society1 reque/+ him to po9t out a p]son :o might appe> wor?y to be entru/$ ) ! "w4 ,"l ,macclesfield 7! !n presid5t7 repli$ 't !re 0 "o ( _! own body :om he c\ld v5ture to recomm5d to ! "w2 yet t ! mo/ mat]ial "p ( :at he knew ( him 0 8 hav+ )9 ! compass ( ! la/ sev5 ye>s recomm5d$ himself to ! society by ! communication ( sev]al me*anical contrivances & improvem5ts2 & ?\gh he _h at fir/ made x 8 bus9ess to execute ?+s 9 ! in/rum5t way 7)\t ev] hav+ be5 br$ to ! trade71 yet on acc\nt ( ! m]it ( 8 p]=mances he _h be5 *os5 a memb] ( ! society2 & t = ab\t ?ree ye>s pa/1 hav+ f\nd ! bus9ess ( a philosophical in/rum5t mak] n likely to af=d an adequate recomp5ce1 he _h :olly appli$ himself to v>i\s bran*es ( me*anics4' ,! e>l w5t on to say t ?is p]son 0 !n 9 ,scotl&1 or 9 ! nor? ( ,engl&1 & he %\ld recomm5d ! /atem5t ( ! bus9ess to him1 be+ fully confid5t t he w\ld und]take no?+ :i* he did n feel himself compet5t to p]=m4 ,! p]son ?us ref]r$ to 0 ,john ,smeaton1 ^: hi/ory1 s f> z ! scanty mat]ials w all[1 %all "h be giv5 to ! read]4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #c3 ,x 0 commonly said at ! "t1 t dur+ a h>d gale ! sea ran s high t x 0 v possible = a six-o>$ boat to be lift$ by ! waves1 & driv5 ?r\gh ! op5 gall]y ( ! ligh?\se4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,biographical ,,notice ,,( ,,smeaton4 ,bir? ( ,smeaton--,8 e>ly ,"* & ,employm5ts--,educat$ = an attorney--,8 dislike ( t pr(ession--,becomes ,philosophical ,in/rum5t ,mak]--,8 ,sci5tific ,inquiries--,is appo9t$ to build ! ,eddy/one ,ligh?\se--,8 subsequ5t ,employm5ts--,public ,works design$ & complet$ by him--,8 ,lit]>y ,works--,8 la/ ,illness & ,dea?--,8 ,"*-- ,illu/rative ,anecdotes4 ,john ,smeaton 0 born ! #bh? ( ,may1 #agbd1 at ,an/horpe1 ne> ,le$s1 ,york%ire4 ,little is record$ ( 8 p>5tage or e>ly education3 b we f9d t 8 fa!r 0 a respectable attorney1 & t ! family liv$ 9 a h\se built by ! gr&fa!r ( ! y\ng] ,smeaton4 ,smeaton seems to h be5 born an eng9e]4 ,! orig9ality ( 8 g5ius & ! /r5g? ( 8 und]/&+ appe>$ at a v e>ly age4 ,8 play?+s 7 n ! toys ( *ildr51 b ! tools m5 "w )2 & 8 greate/ amusem5t 0 to obs]ve artific]s at "w1 & to ask !m que/ions4 ,hav+ wat*$ "s millwrights at "w1 he conceiv$ ! idea ( con/ruct+ a w9dmill1 & to ! al>m ( 8 fri5ds 0 "o day p]ceiv$ on ! top ( 8 fa!r's b>n attempt+ to fix 8 model4 ,on ano!r occasion he accompani$ "s m5 :o w5t to fix a pump at a neighb\r+ village1 & obs]v+ !m cut (f a piece ( bor$ pipe1 he manag$ to procure x1 & made a work+ model ( a pump t rais$ wat] v well4 ,^! anecdotes are relat$ ( him :ile he 0 yet a m]e *ild 9 petticoats1 & probably be=e he _h atta9$ 8 six? ye>4 ,at ! age ( f\rte5 or fifte5 he _h made = himself an eng9e to turn rose-"w1 & he made sev]al pres5ts to 8 fri5ds ( boxes 9 wood & ivory1 z specim5s ( its op]ation4 ,9 ! ye> #agdb1 ,mr4 ,holmes1 aft]w>ds 8 p>tn] 9 ! ,dept=d ,wat]-works1 visit$ ,smeaton & c\ld n conceal 8 a/oni%m5t at ! me*anical skill display$ by ! "y eng9e]2 he =g$ 8 iron & /eel1 & melt$ 8 metal2 he _h tools ( e sort = work+ 9 wood1 ivory1 & metals4 ,he _h made a la!1 by :i* he _h cut a p]petual screw 9 brass1 a ?+ v little kn[n at t day4 ,all ^! res\rces 7 n furni%$ to him by ri* & weal?y p>5ts1 nor _h he ! advantage ( ma/]s 9 8 v>i\s pursuits2 on ! contr>y1 by ! /r5g? ( 8 g5ius1 & by indefatigable indu/ry1 he acquir$ at ! age ( eighte5 an ext5sive set ( tools1 & ! art ( work+ 9 mo/ ( ! me*anical trades1 & ,mr4 ,holmes1 himself a good me*anic1 says t few m5 c\ld "w bett]4 ,a/ronomy 0 "o ( 8 mo/ fav\rite /udies1 & he contriv$ & made sev]al a/ronomical in/rum5ts = himself & fri5ds4 ,9 lat] ye>s1 aft] fitt+ up an obs]vatory at 8 h\se at ,an/horpe1 he devot$ mu* "t to x :5 he 0 !re1 ev5 9 pref]5ce to eng9e]+4 ,smeaton's fa!r be+ an attorney 0 desir\s to educate 8 son = ! same pr(ession4 ,he 0 !re=e s5t to ,london 9 #agdb1 :]e dur+ a few t]ms he att5d$ c\rt2 b f9d+ ! legal pr(ession di/a/eful to him1 & n to suit ! b5t ( 8 g5ius1 he wrote a /rong memorial on ! subject to 8 fa!r1 :o _h ! good s5se to all[ him f t "t to pursue ! pa? :i* nature po9t$ out to him4 ,he cont9u$ to reside 9 ,london1 & ab\t ! ye> #agej he comm5c$ ! bus9ess ( ma!matical in/rum5t mak]4 ,9 #agea he inv5t$ a ma*9e to measure a %ip's way at sea1 & a compass ( peculi> con/ruction1 t\*$ by ,dr4 ,knight's artificial magnet4 ,he made two voyages 9 company ) ,dr4 ,knight = ! purpose ( asc]ta9+ ! m]its ( ^! contrivances4 ,9 #agec he 0 elect$ a fell[ ( ! ,royal ,society1 & 8 admirable pap]s ins]t$ 9 ! ,transactions ( t body suffici5tly ev9ce h[ highly he des]v$ t di/9ction4 ,9 #agei he receiv$ by an unanim\s vote _! gold m$al1 = 8 pap] entitl$ ',an ,exp]im5tal ,inquiry conc]n+ ! natural p[]s ( w9d & wat] to turn mills & o!r ma*9es dep5d+ on a circul> motion4' ,?is pap] 0 ! result ( exp]im5ts made on work+ models 9 #ageb & #agec1 b n communicat$ to ! society till #agei1 by :i* "t he _h _h abundant opportunity ( apply+ ^! exp]im5ts to practice 9 a v>iety ( cases1 & = v>i\s purposes1 s z to assure ! society t he _h f\nd !m to answ]4 ,he discov]$ by ^! means t w9d & wat] c\ld be made to d "o ?ird m ?an 0 be=e kn[n4 ,9 ! ye> #aged he made a voyage to ,holl&1 travell+ = ! mo/ "p on foot1 or 9 ! treks*uit5 or drag-boats1 ! national conveyance ( ! c\ntry1 & ?us made himself acqua9t$ ) ! mo/ rem>kable works ( art 9 ! l[ c\ntries4 ,9 ,decemb] #agee ! ,eddy/one ligh?\se 0 burnt d[n4 ,mr4 ,we/on ! *ief proprietor1 & o!rs1 7 desir\s ( rebuild+ x 9 ! mo/ sub/antial mann]1 & ?r\gh ! recomm5dation ( ! ,e>l ( ,macclesfield1 ^: fri5dly conduct to ,smeaton we h already notic$1 !y 7 induc$ to appo9t ,smeaton z ! mo/ prop] p]son to rebuild x4 ,smeaton und]took ! "w1 & complet$ x 9 ! summ] ( #agei4 ,! hi/ory ( ?is great und]tak+ belongs to ano!r section ( ?is notice4 ,! completion ( ! "w does n seem to h _h ! imm$iate effect ( procur+ him full employm5t z a civil eng9e]3 9 #agfd1 be+ 9 ,york%ire1 he (f]$ himself a c&idate = ! (fice ( "o ( ! receiv]s to ! ,gre5wi* ,hospital e/ates#d2 & on ! #ca/ ,decemb] 9 t ye> he 0 appo9t$1 at a full bo>d at ,gre5wi* ,hospital1 9 a mann] highly flatt]+ to himself4 ,9 ?is appo9tm5t he 0 greatly assi/$ by 8 p>tn] ,mr4 ,walt]1 :o manag$ ! acc\nts1 & left ,smeaton leisure & opportunity to ex]t 8 abilities on public works1 z well z to make _m improvem5ts 9 ! mills1 & 9 ! e/ates ( ,gre5wi* ,hospital4 ,by ! ye> #agge he _h s mu* bus9ess z an eng9e]1 t he wi%$ to resign ?is appo9tm5t1 b 0 prevail$ ^u to cont9ue 9 ! (fice ab\t two ye>s long]4 ,among ! _m valuable public s]vices ( ,smeaton a few only c be m5tion$ 9 ?is place4 ,he complet$ ! erection ( new ligh?\ses at ,spurn ,head at ! m\? ( ! ,humb]3 he built ! f9e bridge ov] ! ,tay at ,p]?3 he laid out ! l9e ( ! great canal connect+ ! ,=? & ,clyde2 & made ! riv] ,cald] navigable2 a "w t requir$ great skill & judgm5t1 on acc\nt ( its impetu\s floods4 ,on ! op5+ ( ! great ar* at ,london ,bridge by ?r[+ two ar*es into "o1 & ! removal ( a l>ge pi]1 ! excavation ar\nd & "u ! />l+s 0 s consid]able1 t ! bridge 0 ?\ght to be 9 great dang] ( fall+4 ,smeaton 0 !n 9 ,york%ire1 b 0 s5t = by express1 & arriv$ ) ! utmo/ dispat*3 on 8 arrival ! fe> t ! bridge 0 ab\t to fall prevail$ s g5]ally1 t few p]sons w\ld pass ov] or "u x4 ,smeaton appli$ himself imm$iately to exam9e x1 & to s\nd ab\t ! />l+s z m9utely z possible3 8 advice to ! committee 0 to repur*ase ! /ones :i* _h be5 tak5 f ! middle pi]1 !n ly+ 9 ,moorfields1 & to ?r[ !m into ! riv] to gu>d ! />l+s4 ,?is advice 0 adopt$ ) ! utmo/ alacrity1 by :i* simple means ! bridge 0 probably sav$ f fall+1 & "t af=d$ = secur+ x 9 a m effectual mann]4 ',?is me?od ( /opp+ ! impetu\s ravages ( wat]1' says ,mr4 ,holmes1 'he _h practis$ be=e ) success on ! riv] ,cald]2 on my call+ on him 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,wakefield1 he %ew$ me ! effects ( a great flood1 :i* _h made a consid]able passage ov] ! l&2 ?is he /opp$ at ! bank ( ! riv]1 by ?r[+ 9 a quantity ( l>ge r\gh /ones1 :i* ) ! s&1 & o!r mat]ials wa%$ d[n by ! riv]1 fill+ up _! int]/ices1 _h become a b>ri] to keep ! riv] 9 its usual c\rse4' ,9 #agga ,smeaton & ,holmes made a jo9t pur*ase ( ! wat]-works = supply+ ,dept=d & ,gre5wi* ) wat]4 ,on exam9+ ! books ( ! =m] proprietors1 x appe>$ to h be5 a los+ conc]n dur+ _m ye>s2 b ! skill ( ,smeaton soon br\ght ! und]tak+ into su* a /ate z to be ( g5]al use to ^? = :om x 0 int5d$1 & mod]ately pr(itable to himself & p>tn]4 ,9 notic+ ?is subject ,mr4 ,holmes makes a few g5]al rem>ks on ! "* ( ,smeaton3--',8 language ei!r 9 speak+ or writ+ 0 s /rong & p]spicu\s1 t !re 0 no misund]/&+ 8 mean+1 & ,i _h t confid5ce 9 8 abilities z nev] to consid] any plan ( improvem5t :i* he propos$1 b only to see x execut$ ) scrupul\s exactness2 at ! same "t1 he 0 s op5 to reason 9 all matt]s1 t dur+ a con/ant communication ( our op9ions = upw>ds ( tw5ty ye>s1 aft] we _h laid !m fully be=e ea* o!r we always agre$1 & nev] _h ! slighte/ diff]5ce4' ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ,smeaton liv$ be=e ! "t :5 ! g5ius ( ,watt _h r5d]$ ! /eam-eng9e ! useful & ob$i5t s]vant ( man2 & consequ5tly t mu* ( ! p[] n[ furni%$ by /eam 0 !n suppli$ by ! w9d4 ,h5ce ! me*anics ( w9dmills 0 an important /udy to ! eng9e]1 & ,smeaton erect$ a va/ v>iety ( mills 9 :i* he turn$ to useful acc\nt ! results ( 8 exp]im5ts 9 #ageb & #agec4 ,8 usual habit 0 to confirm ! conclusions ( !ory by direct exp]im5t4 ,he also erect$ a /eam-eng9e at ,an/horpe1 & made exp]im5ts !reon to asc]ta9 ! p[] ( ,newcom5's eng9e1 :i* he improv$ & br\ght to a f> great] degree ( c]ta9ty bo? 9 its con/ruction & p[]s4 ,dur+ _m ye>s ! op9ion ( ,smeaton 0 held 9 su* high e/eem1 t no great works 7 und]tak5 ?r\gh\t ! k+dom )\t fir/ apply+ to him2 he 0 con/antly consult$ 9 p>liam5t1 & 0 reg>d$ z an ultimate ref]5ce on all difficult que/ions connect$ ) 8 pr(ession4 ,x 0 8 con/ant practice to make himself fully acqua9t$ ) e subject be=e he w\ld engage 9 x1 & !n 8 kn[n integrity & lucid p[]s ( description secur$ ! respect & att5tion ( all4 ,9 ! c\rts ( law he 0 frequ5tly complim5t$ by ,"l ,mansfield & o!rs = ! new light he ?rew on difficult subjects4 ,ab\t ! ye> #aghe ,smeaton's heal? began to decl9e1 & he !n endeav\r$ to retire f bus9ess 9 ord] to ga9 "t to publi% an acc\nt ( 8 inv5tions & works4 ,?is 0 "o ( ! wi%es ne>e/ to 8 he>t1 =1 z he (t5 said1 'he ?\ght he c\ld n r5d] bett] s]vice to 8 c\ntry ?an by do+ t4' ,he _h j complet$ 8 acc\nt ( ! ,eddy/one ligh?\se :5 he 0 prevail$ on to cont9ue 8 s]vices z eng9e] to ! tru/ees = ,ramsgate h>b\r4 ,! works at ,ramsgate 7 begun 9 #agdi1 b _h be5 conduct$ ) v indiff]5t success until ,smeaton 0 call$ 9 to sup]9t5d !m 9 #aggd4 ,he complet$ ! magnific5t pi] & h>b\r ( ?is place 9 #agia1 & ?us e/abli%$ a secure & mu* ne$$ place ( %elt] 9 ! ,d[ns4 ,a man ^: life is s b5eficially devot$ to ! s]vice ( ! public c sc>cely hope to enjoy leisure & retirem5t dur+ :i* he may look back ^u ! pa/1 & leave a writt5 record ( 8 ex]tions4 ,smeaton 0 s con/antly & urg5tly employ$ t he c\ld n a*ieve mu* ) 8 p54 ,on ! #af? ,septemb] #agib1 he 0 seiz$ ) an attack ( p>alysis induc$ by ov]-ex]tion1 & ?is attack c>ri$ him to ! grave on ! #bh? ( ! next mon?1 9 ! #fi? ye> ( 8 age4 ,dur+ 8 illness he dictat$ sev]al lett]s to 8 old fri5d ,mr4 ,holmes4 ,9 "o ( !m he describes m9utely 8 heal? & feel+s1 & says1 '9 consequ5ce ( ! =ego+1 ,i conclude myself n9e-t5?s dead1 & ! greate/ fav\r ! ,almighty c d 7z ,i ?9k7 w be to complete ! o!r "p1 b z x is likely to be a l+]+ illness1 x is only 9 ,8 p[] to say :5 t is likely to happ54' ,8 daught]1 ,mrs4 ,dickson1 says t he always appreh5d$ ! attack :i* t]m9at$ 8 life1 z x 0 h]$it>y 9 8 family4 ,he dread$ x only z x gave ! melan*oly possibility ( outliv+ 8 faculties1 or ! p[] ( do+ good2 or1 to use 8 own words1 'l+]+ ov] ! dregs aft] ! _s _h evaporat$4' ,inde$1 ! decay ( 8 m5tal faculties seems to h be5 t :i* he mo/ dread$4 ,he w\ld sometimes compla9 ( sl[ness ( appreh5sion1 & w\ld !n excuse x ) a smile1 say+1 'x c\ld n be o!rwise1 ! %ad[ mu/ l5g!n z ! sun w5t d[n4' ,:5 seiz$ ) p>alysis he 0 resign$ to ! ev5t1 anxi\s to s(t5 any al>m to 8 family1 & 0 ?ankful t 8 intellect 0 sp>$4 ,b 8 inv>iable wi% 0 to be releas$4 ,he express$ p>ticul> pleasure 9 see+ ! usual occupations ( 8 family resum$2 & read+1 draw+1 music1 & conv]sation excit$ ! same int]e/ & ! same *e]ful & judici\s obs]vations z ev]4 ,"o ev5+ he 0 reque/$ to expla9 "s ph5om5a respect+ ! moon1 :i* 0 se5 f ! room %9+ brightly4 ,he gave a full explanation1 !n fix$ 8 eyes full ^u ! object 9 "q1 & aft] reg>d+ x /$fa/ly = "s "t1 he obs]v$1 ',h[ (t5 h ,i look$ up to x ) inquiry & wond]1 & to ! p]iod :5 ,i %all h ! va/ & privileg$ views ( an h]eaft]1 & all w be compreh5sion & pleasure4' ,we le>n f 8 daught] ,mrs4 ,dickson1 t e>ly 9 life ,smeaton attract$ ! notice ( ! ecc5tric ,duke & ,du*ess ( ,que5sbury1 on acc\nt ( ! /rong p]sonal lik5ess :i* he bore to _! fav\rite ,gay ! poet4 ,_! fir/ acqua9tance 0 made 9 a s+ul> mann]3 x 0 at ,ranelagh :5 walk+ ) ,mrs4 ,smeaton1 he obs]v$ an eld]ly lady & g5tleman gaze /eadily ^u him1 !y /opp$ & ! du*ess said1 ',sir1 ,i don't "k :o y are1 or :at y are1 b s /rongly d y resemble my poor de> ,gay1 t we mu/ be acqua9t$2 y %all g home & sup ) u1 & if ! m9ds ( ! two m5 accord z d ! c\nt5ance1 y w f9d two *e]ful old folks :o c love y well1 & ,i ?9k1 7or y are an hypocrite7 y c z well des]ve x4' ,! invitation 0 accept$1 & z long z ! duke & du*ess liv$ ! fri5d%ip 0 cordial & un9t]rupt$4 ,dur+ 8 visits c>ds 7 sometimes introduc$4 ,smeaton dete/$ c>ds1 & c\ld n conf9e 8 att5tion to ! game4 ,on "o occasion ! /akes 7 already high1 & x fell to ,smeaton to d\ble !m :51 neglect+ to deal ! c>ds1 he 0 busily occupi$ 9 mak+ "s calculations on pap] :i* he plac$ ^u ! table4 ,! du*ess ask$ eag]ly :at x 01 & ,smeaton repli$ coolly1 ',y w recollect ! field 9 :i* my h\se /&s may be ab\t five acres ?ree roods & sev5 p]*es1 :i*1 at ?irty ye>s' pur*ase1 w be j my /ake1 & if y\r grace w make a duke ( me1 ,i presume ! w9n] w n dislike my mortgage4' ,! joke & ! lesson _h _! effect1 = !y nev] play$ aga9 b = ! m]e/ trifle4 ,smeaton procur$ a situation 9 a public (fice = a cl]k 9 :om he plac$ ! greate/ confid5ce1 & jo9tly ) ano!r became security = him to a consid]able am\nt4 ,?is man committ$ ! crime ( =g]y1 0 detect$ & giv5 up to ju/ice4 ,mrs4 ,dickson says1 ',! same po/ br\ght news ( ! melan*oly transaction1 ( ! man's compunction & dang]1 ( ! claim ( ! bond =feit$1 & ( ! refusal ( ! o!r p]son to pay ! moiety6 ,be+ pres5t :5 he read 8 lett]s1 :i* arriv$ at a p]iod ( ,mrs4 ,smeaton's decl9+ heal?1 s entirely did ! comm& ( himself second 8 anxi\s att5tion to h]1 t no emotion 0 visible on _! p]usal1 nor1 till all 0 put into ! be/ tra9 possible1 did a ^w or look betray ! exquisite di/ress x occasion$ him4 ,9 ! int]im1 all :i* c\ld soo! ! remorse ( a prison]1 e means :i* c\ld save 7:i* did1 at lea/ f public execution17 7 ex]t$ = him1 ) a *>act]i/ic b5evol5ce1 active & unobtrusive4' ,smeaton 0 a man ( indefatigable indu/ry & great moral probity4 ,) ample opportunity ( amass+ weal?1 he r5d]$ its acquisition b a second>y object on all occasions2 8 fir/ aim always be+ to execute ! task intru/$ to him 9 ! mo/ skilful & p]fect mann]4 ,_h 8 object be5 to amass a =tune1 he might h receiv$ _m lucrative appo9tm5ts besides ^? :i* he actually held4 ,! empress ,ca!r9e ( ,russia attempt$ to secure 8 s]vices = h] own c\ntry by mo/ magnific5t (f]s2 b ,smeaton pref]r$ to d$icate 8 "t & tal5ts to ! s]vice ( 8 c\ntry4 ',! dis9t]e/$ mod]ation ( 8 pecuni>y ambition1' says 8 daught]1 'e transaction 9 private life ev9c$2 8 public ones bore ! same /amp2 & aft] 8 heal? _h )drawn him f ! lab\rs ( 8 pr(ession1 _m in/ances may be giv5 by ^? ^: conc]ns induc$ !m to press importunately = a resumption ( x2 & :5 "s ( !m seem$ dispos$ to en=ce _! entreaties by fur!r prospects ( lucrative recomp5se1 8 reply 0 /rongly *>act]i/ic ( 8 simple mann]s & mod]ation4 ,he introduc$ ! old woman :o took c>e ( 8 *amb]s 9 ,gray's ,inn1 & %[+ h]1 ass]t$ 't h] att5dance suffic$ = all 8 wants4' ,! inf]5ce 0 indisputable1 = money c\ld n tempt t man to =ego 8 ease1 leisure1 or indep5d5ce1 ^: requisites ( accommodation 7 compress$ )9 su* limits6' ,be=e ?is1 ! pr9cess ,das*kaw made an apt comm5t ^u ?is trait ( 8 "*2 :51 aft] va9ly us+ e p]suasion to induce him to accept a c>te blan*e f ! empress ( ,russia z a recomp5se = direct+ ! va/ projects 9 t k+dom--%e obs]v$ ',sir1 y are a great man1 & ,i hon\r y6 y may h an equal 9 abilities1 p]haps1 b 9 "* y /& s+le4 ,! ,engli% m9i/]1 ,sir ,rob]t ,walpole1 0 mi/ak51 & my sov]eign has ! mis=tune to f9d "o man :o has n 8 price4' ,9 all ! social duties ( life ,smeaton 0 mo/ exempl>y2 & he 0 a lov] & enc\rag] ( real m]it 9 :atev] /ation ( life he f\nd x4 ,to /rang]s 8 mode ( expression appe>$ w>m & ev5 h>%2 b ,mr4 ,holmes ref]s x to ! int5se application ( 8 m9d1 :i* 0 always 9 ! pursuit ( tru?1 or engag$ 9 inve/igat+ difficult subjects3 h5ce1 :5 any?+ 0 said t did n tally ) 8 ideas1 he w\ld sometimes break out ha/ily4 ,z a fri5d1 he 0 w>m1 zeal\s1 & s9c]e2 z a companion1 always ent]ta9+ & in/ructive1 & none c\ld sp5d _! "t 9 8 company )\t improvem5t4 ,9 8 p]son ,smeaton 0 ( middle /ature1 b broad & /rong-made1 & possess$ ( an excell5t con/itution4 ,he 0 rem>kable = ! pla9ness & simplicity ( 8 mann]s4 ,aft] 8 dea?1 8 pap]s consi/+ ( plans1 reports1 & treatises1 on almo/ e bran* ( eng9e]+1 7 publi%$ by ! ,society ( ,civil ,eng9e]s4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #d3 ,?is 0 ! ,d]w5twat] ,e/ate :i* 0 =feit$ 9 ! ye> #agae1 & its rev5ues appli$ by ,p>liam5t t[>ds ! funds ( ,gre5wi* ,hospital4 ,x consi/s ( m9es ( lead1 conta9+ mu* silv]1 z well z l&s4 ,x requir$ c>eful managem5t1 & ! k ( m9+ details to make x pr(itable4 ,smeaton contriv$ m effici5t ma*9es & bett] modes ( work+ ! m9es & manag+ ! e/ate4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,eddy/one ,,z ,a ,,type ,,( ,,engli% ,,ligh?\ses4 ,a ,/one ,ligh?\se propos$--,smeaton's fir/ ,visit to ! ,rock--,op]ations ( ! ,fir/ ,season--,second ,season--,/ructure ( ! ,f\ndation--,+5i\s ,mode ( secur+ ! ,/ones--,?ird ,season--,/ate ( ! ,"w--,progress & ,description ( ! ,"w--,accid5ts to ! ,eng9e]--,proposal to exhibit a ,light be=e ! completion ( ! ,build+ refus$--,f\r? ,season-- ,completion ( ! ,"w--,appe>ance ( ! ,ligh?\se dur+ a ,/orm--,situation ( ! ,light-keep]s4 ,to return to ! hi/ory ( ! ,eddy/one ,ligh?\se4 ,:5 ! proposal relat+ to ! rebuild+ ( ?is edifice 0 made to ,smeaton1 & :5 he _h duly weigh$ ! subject 9 8 own m9d1 he deliv]$ 8 decid$ op9ion t ! build+ ought to be con/ruct$ entirely ( /one4 ,"s opposition 0 at fir/ rais$ aga9/ ?is idea1 b ! proprietors 7 at l5g? s well satisfi$ ) ! plans submitt$ to _! inspection1 & ) ! pla91 /raight=w>d reason+ ( ,smeaton on ! matt]1 t !y left ! :ole affair 9 8 h&s4 ,_! *ief objection _h aris5 f ! op9ion1 support$ by t ( ! be/ judges1 t ! safety & cont9uance ( ,rudy]d's ligh?\se dur+ s _m ye>s1 _h 9 a great measure dep5d$ on ! ela/icity ( ! mat]ials ( :i* x 0 compos$1 :i* enabl$ x to give way to ! %ocks ( ! sea4 ,inde$ x 0 affirm$1 t 9 viol5t /orms ! motion ( t wood5 edifice 0 s great t tr5*]s & o!r articles 7 ?r[n f ! %elves 9 ! upp] rooms4 ,smeaton answ]$ to ?is1 t ! great agitation ( ! late build+ arose f its want ( weight1 z well z want ( /r5g?2 t ! edifice he _h 9 view w\ld be mu* heavi] & mu* /rong]1 s t ! build+ w\ld n give way to ! sea1 b ! sea w\ld give way to ! build+4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #agef ,smeaton fir/ visit$ & exam9$ ! ,eddy/one rock1 prov+1 z 8 pr$ecessors _h done1 ! extreme difficulty ( ga9+ a l&+1 or ( rema9+ long en\gh on ! rock to c>ry on 8 obs]vations4 ,^! difficulties sugge/$ to him ! important & valuable exp$i5t ( keep+ a vessel fix$ )9 a qu>t] ( a mile ( ! rock1 :i* %\ld be capable ( lodg+ ! workm5 & _! tools1 & ?us enable !m to take imm$iate advantage ( any fav\rable opportunity ( putt+ out _! boat & convey+ mat]ials at once to ! ,eddy/one1 in/ead ( hav+ to take ! voyage f ,plym\? on ea* occasion4 ,! fir/ actual "w done on ! rock 0 9 ,augu/1 #agef4 ,two companies ( workm5 7 employ$1 ea* rema9+ at ! "w a week1 t e opportunity might be made ! mo/ (1 & ! m5 reliev$ by visits to ! %ore4 ,a sloop1 a l>ge yawl ) sails & o>s1 & a boat1 7 employ$ to exp$ite ! "w4 ,! sloop =m$ ! lodg+ = ! company work+ at ! rock1 & 0 an*or$ at a %ort di/ance f x4 ,! sloop 0 aft]w>ds replac$ by a l>g] /ore vessel1 call$ ! ,neptune ,buss4 ,! wea!r f ! #bg? ( ,augu/ to ! #ad? ( ,septemb] happ5$ to be fav\rable to ! "w1 s t ! companies 7 employ$ on x at e tide4 ,aft] ?is1 unsettl$ wea!r began to prevail1 s t ,smeaton 0 oblig$ to be satisfi$ ) ! progress already made1 :i* consi/$ 9 ! m]e prep>ation ( ! ,h\se-rock = ! int5d$ edifice1 by cutt+ two new /eps 9 ! l[e/ "p ( ! slop+ side ( ! rock1 & =m+ anew ! five /eps :i* rema9$ ( ! ef=ts ( ,rudy]d4 ,dove-tail$ recesses 7 also cut 9 all ^! /eps = ! reception ( ! /one-"w4 ,! rema9+ "p ( ! autumn 0 sp5t 9 exp$it+ necess>y "w on %ore1 su* z complet+ ! "w-y>d ) its ma*9]y & conv5i5ces1 & !n prep>+ ! granite & ,portl& /one1 ( :i* ! ligh?\se 0 to be made4 ,! desirability ( do+ z mu* ( ! "w z possible on %ore1 became m & m app>5t1 z exp]i5ce %[$ ! dang]s & accid5ts likely to occur at ! rock4 ,dur+ ?is w9t] ,smeaton began s]i\sly to consid] ! great importance to 8 "w1 ( gett+ ! mo/ p]fect cem5t possible1 to resi/ ! extreme viol5ce ( ! sea4 ,he f\nd t no?+ ( ! res9\s or oily k9d w\ld answ]1 z x 0 impossible to get a dry surface at ! rock4 ,he !re=e w5t ?r\gh a complete set ( exp]im5ts on cem5ts ) a view to produce "o :i* w\ld1 9 despite ( wat] almo/ cont9ually driv5 aga9/ x ) e degree ( viol5ce1 become s firm 9 its consi/5ce & adhesion to ! /one1 t x %\ld compose "o ev5 regul> surface ) ! /one1 )\t ne$+ hoops ( iron or copp] to surr\nd ! horizontal jo9ts4 ,9 ?is endeav\r he consid]$ himself at l5g? completely successful4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ,june1 #ageg1 ,smeaton r5ew$ 8 "w at ! ,eddy/one rock4 ,! fir/ proce$+s 7 to fix "s timb]s to ! ea/ side ( ! rock m]ely z a def5ce to ! boats1 :i* 7 frequ5tly damag$ by runn+ aga9/ ! %>p edges2 & also to erect %e>s1 w9dlass1 c4 ,! fir/ /one 0 laid 9 its place on ! #ab? ( ,june4 ,?is /one weigh$ two tons & a qu>t]1 ?\gh ! ord9>y weight ( ! /ones did n exce$ "o ton ea*4 ,! fir/ c\rse consi/+ ( f\r /ones 0 f9i%$ dur+ ! next day4 ,by ,smeaton's plan ! /ones 7 mo/ +5i\sly dove-tail$ toge!r & into ! rock1 s t :5 once fix$1 x 0 impossible = "o /one to be sep>at$ f ! re/4 ,! second c\rse ( /ones 0 n complet$ until ! #cj? ( ! same mon?2 sev]al accid5ts hav+ occurr$ to h9d] ! progress ( ! "w2 yet ,smeaton 0 9 no wise di%e>t5$1 = 9 e/abli%+ ^! two c\rses he consid]$ ! mo/ difficult & ardu\s "p ( ! "w to be already accompli%$1 s9ce ^! c\rses br\ght him up to ! same level :]e 8 pr$ecessor ,mr4 ,rudy]d _h begun4 ,on ! #aa? ( ,july ! ?ird c\rse1 consi/+ ( tw5ty-five pieces1 0 complet$1 & on ! #ca/ ! f\r? c\rse ( tw5ty-?ree pieces4 ,! fif? c\rse 0 clos$ 9 on ! #e? ( ,augu/4 ,:5 ! six? c\rse 0 complet$1 :i* 0 on ! #aa? ( t mon?1 ,smeaton _h ! satisfaction to f9d t ! sea did n n[ inv>iably wa% ov] e "p ( _! "w at ea* tide1 :i* _h always hi!rto be5 ! case 9 ! c\rse ( lay+ ! previ\s c\rses4 ,! greate/ difficulties 7 n[ consid]$ to be successfully surm\nt$1 z ea* succe$+ c\rse gave !m m "t & m room1 & !y _h br\ght _! "w to a level ) ! highe/ "p ( ! rock4 ,up to ?is po9t all ! c\rses _h be5 begun by ! /ones t 7 securely dove-tail$ into ! rock1 & fur!r made fa/ by oak-w$ges & cem5t4 ,to receive ^! w$ges1 two grooves 7 cut 9 ! wai/ ( ea* /one1 f ! top to ! bottom ( ! c\rse1 ( an in* 9 dep? & ?ree in*es 9 wid?4 ,! c>e ) :i* ! f\ndation-"w 0 c>ri$ on may be ga!r$ f ,smeaton's description ( ! mann] ( lay+ ea* /one4 ',! /one to be set be+ hung 9 ! tackle1 & its b$ ( mort> spread1 0 !n l[]$ into its place1 & beat ) a heavy wood5 maul1 & levell$ ) a _s level2 & ! /one be+ accurately br\ght to its m>ks1 x 0 !n consid]$ z set 9 its place4 ,! bus9ess n[ 0 to reta9 x exactly 9 t position1 not)/&+ ! utmo/ viol5ce ( ! sea might come ^u x1 be=e ! mort> 0 h>d en\gh to resi/ x4 ,! c>p5t] n[ dropp$ into ea* groove two ( ! oak5 w$ges1 "o ^u its head1 ! o!r ) its po9t d[nw>ds1 s t ! two w$ges 9 ea* groove w\ld lie heads & po9ts4 ,) a b> ( iron ab\t two in*es & a half broad1 a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick1 & two feet & a half long1 ! ends be+ squ>e1 he c\ld easily 7z ) a ramm]7 drive d[n "o w$ge ^u ! o!r2 v g5tly at fir/1 s t ! opposite pairs ( w$ges be+ equally tight5$1 !y w\ld equally resi/ ea* o!r1 & ! /one w\ld !re=e keep place4 ,a c\ple ( w$ges 7 also1 9 l mann]1 pit*$ at ! top ( ea* groove2 ! dormant w$ge1 or t ) ! po9t upw>d1 be+ held 9 ! h&1 :ile ! drift-w$ge1 or t ) its po9t d[nw>d1 0 driv5 ) a hamm]4 ,! :ole ( :at rema9$ above ! upp] surface ( ! /one 0 !n cut (f ) a saw or *isel3 & g5]ally1 a c\ple ( ?9 w$ges 7 driv5 v mod]ately at ! butt-end ( ! /one2 ^: t5d5cy be+ to =ce x out ( its dove-tail1 !y w\ld1 by mod]ate driv+1 only t5d to pres]ve ! :ole mass /eady toge!r1 9 opposition to ! viol5t agitation t might arise f ! sea4' ,9 addition to ?is1 a c\ple ( holes hav+ be5 bor$ ?r\gh e piece ( /one1 "o c\rse 0 b\nd to ano!r by oak tr5ails driv5 /iffly ?r\gh1 & made s fa/ t !y c\ld m easily be torn asund] ?an pull$ out aga94 ',no assignable p[]1' says ,smeaton1 'less ?an :at w\ld by ma9 /ress pull ^! tr5ails 9 two c\ld lift "o ( ^! /ones f _! b$s :5 s fix$1 exclusive ( _! natural weight1 z all agitation 0 prev5t$ by ! lat]al w$ges4' ,! /one be+ ?us fix$1 a prop] quantity ( mort> 0 liquefi$2 & ! jo9ts hav+ be5 c>efully po9t$1 up to ! upp] surface1 ?is mort> or cem5t 0 p\r$ 9 ) iron ladles s z to occupy e void space4 ,! m consi/5t p>ts ( ?is cem5t naturally settl$ to ! bottom1 & ! wat]y p>ts 7 absorb$ by ! /one3 ! vacancy ?us left at ! top 0 repeat$ly refill$1 until all rema9$ solid2 ! top 0 !n po9t$1 &1 :5 necess>y1 def5d$ by a coat ( pla/]4 ,:5 ! :ole ( ! f\ndation 0 9 ?is mann] br\ght to a level1 "s o!r means 0 necess>y ( atta9+ ! l degree ( security4 ,= ?is purpose ! c5tral /one ( ! six? c\rse _h a hole ( "o foot squ>e cut q ?r\gh ! middle4 ,eight o!r depressions ( "o foot squ>e & six in*es deep 7 also sunk at equal di/ances 9 ! circumf]5ce4 ,a plug ( /rong h>d m>ble1 f ! rocks ne> ,plym\?1 "o foot squ>e & tw5ty-two in*es 9 l5g?1 0 set ) mort> 9 ! c5tral cavity1 & fix$ firmly !re9 ) _! w$ges4 ,?is c\rse 0 ?irte5 in*es 9 height1 s t ! m>ble plug1 :i* rea*$ ?r\gh x1 /ood n9e in*es above ! surface4 ,^u ?is ! c5tre-/one ( ! sev5? c\rse 0 fix$1 hav+ a simil> hole made 9 its c5tre1 b$d$ ) mort> & w$g$ z be=e4 ,by ?is means no =ce ( ! sea act+ horizontally ^u ! c5tre-/one1 less ?an :at 0 capable ( cutt+ ! m>ble plug 9 two1 0 able to move x f its place2 & to prev5t ! /one ! m effectually f be+ lift$1 9 case its b$ ( mort> %\ld happ5 to be de/roy$1 x 0 fix$ d[n by f\r tr5ails4 ,! /ones surr\nd+ ! c5tral /one 7 dove-tail$ to x 9 ! same mann] z be=e1 & ?us ! c\rses proce$$ ) no o!r int]ruption ?an arose f ! nature ( ! situation4 ,smeaton tells u t :5 ! "w _h proce$$ s f> z to af=d a level plat=m1 ! pleasure he took 9 x1 & ! novelty ( ! ?+1 l$ him to walk to & fro ^u x ) mu* complac5cy4 ,b mak+ a false /ep1 & n be+ able to recov] himself1 he tumbl$ ov] ! br9k ( ! "w d[n among ! rocks on ! we/ side4 ,! tide _h !n retreat$1 s t no s]i\s result happ5$1 b 9 8 fall he dislocat$ 8 ?umb1 & z no m$ical aid c\ld be procur$1 he set x himself1 & !n return$ to 8 "w4 ,x 0 m ?an six mon?s1 h[ev]1 be=e he recov]$ ! full use ( 8 ?umb4 ,ow+ to v boi/]\s wea!r1 & repeat$ losses ( ! necess>y mat]ials left on ! rock1 ! sev5? c\rse 0 n laid until ! #g? ( ,septemb]4 ,b ,smeaton _h ! satisfaction to f9d t all ! "w actually complet$1 /ood ! utmo/ sev]ity ( ! wea!r unmov$4 ,at ?is "t ! sea became s calm t ! "w proce$$ rapidly1 & = ?ree days 9 succession ! top ( ! "w 0 n wett$4 ,! eigh? c\rse 0 complet$ on ! #ac?1 b ! wea!r aga9 becom+ unfav\rable1 ! n9? 0 n f9i%$ until ! #cj?1 & "h ,smeaton f\nd x desirable to close ! op]ations = ?is ye>4 ,! ensu+ w9t] 0 ( s /ormy a nature z sev]ely to te/ ! /r5g? ( ! "w at ! ,eddy/one4 ,smeaton w5t e>ly 9 ! spr+ to view x1 & says1 ',i 0 mu* surpris$1 not)/&+ :at _h be5 report$ ( ! s\ndness ( ! "w1 to f9d x s p]fectly entire1 =1 except a small spawl :i* _h be5 wa%$ f ! rock itself1 ! :ole did n seem to h suff]$ a dim9ution ( s mu* z a gra9 ( s& s9ce ,i left x on ! #a/ ( ,octob]3 on ! contr>y1 ! cem5t1 & ev5 ! gr\t$ "p1 appe>$ to be z h>d z ! /one itself1 ! :ole hav+ become "o solid mass1 &1 inde$1 x _h q t appe>ance1 z x 0 cov]$ ) ! same coat ( sea-we$ z ! rock1 ! top ( ! "w except$1 :i* 0 wa%$ clean & :ite4' ,v>i\s disa/]s to ! vessels1 moor+s1 c4 ne> ! rock ret>d$ ! "w 9 ! spr+ ( #ageh4 ,x 0 n till ! #aj? ( ,july t ! elev5? c\rse 0 f9i%$4 ,twelve days aft]w>ds ! twelf? c\rse 0 laid d[n4 ,aft] ?is ! "w w5t on bett]1 s t on ! #h? ( ,augu/ ! f\rte5? c\rse 0 complet$1 & ) x :at 0 call$ ! fundam5tal solid4 ,f h5ce beg9s ! build+ also call$ ! ,solid1 :i* includes ! passage f ! entry-door to ! well-hole = ! /airs4 ,x 0 n[ necess>y = ! sake ( ! well-hole to omit ! c5tre-/one4 ,! f\r /ones surr\nd+ ! c5tre 7 !re=e fa/5$ toge!r by :at are call$ hook-sc>f jo9ts1 s z to compose1 9 effect1 "o /one4 ,means 7 also tak5 to prev5t !m f %ift+1 or be+ lift$ out ( _! position4 ,f ! #i? to ! #bj? ( ,augu/ !re 0 an un9t]rupt$ cont9uance ( f9e wea!r1 s t great progress 0 made4 ,by ! latt] day ! eighte5? c\rse 0 complet$1 :i* reunit$ ! build+ into a complete circle1 by cov]+ ! passage to ! /aircase4 ,ov] ! head ( ! entry-door ! figures #ageh 7 cut 9 deep *>act]s4 ,dur+ ano!r mon?1 by great ex]tions1 ! tw5ty-f\r? c\rse 0 rea*$ & complet$4 ,?is c\rse f9i%$ ! ,solid1 & =m$ ! floor ( ! /ore-room1 s t ,smeaton _h e reason to be satisfi$ ) ! "w ( ?is season2 yet z he _h be5 long m$itat+ on ! advantage to ! public :i* w\ld accrue f sett+ up a light dur+ t v w9t]1 he resolv$ to make a vigor\s ef=t to get ! /ore-room complet$ & a light erect$ above x4 ,! build+ _h hi!rto be5 c>ri$ up solid z high z !re 0 any reason to suppose x expos$ to ! heavy /roke ( ! sea1 i4 e4 to ?irty-five feet f\r in*es above its base1 & tw5ty-sev5 feet above ! top ( ! rock1 on ! common spr+-tide high-wat] m>k4 ,at ?is height x 0 r$uc$ to sixte5 feet eight in*es diamet]2 & x 0 necess>y to make ! be/ use ( ?is space1 & make all ! room & conv5i5ce !re9 t 0 possible1 consi/5t ) ! /ill necess>y /r5g?4 ,! rooms be+ made twelve feet f\r in*es 9 diamet] w\ld leave tw5ty-six in*es = ! ?ickness ( ! walls4 ,^! walls 7 made ( s+le blocks 9 ! ?ickness1 s %ap$ t sixte5 pieces =m$ a complete circle1 & f _! figure compos$ a /\t wall4 ,^! pieces 7 cramp$ toge!r ) iron1 & also secur$ to ! l[] c\rses by m>ble plugs z be=e4 ,to h9d] ! passage ( wet ?r\gh ! upright jo9ts1 flat /ones 7 introduc$ into ea* jo9t s z p>tly to be lodg$ 9 "o /one1 p>tly 9 ano!r1 ?us mak+ x tol]ably c]ta9 t ! rooms w\ld be kept com=table & dry 9 all wea!rs4 ,on ! #cj? ( ,septemb] ! tw5ty-eigh? c\rse 0 completely set4 ,?is & ! next c\rse receiv$ ! vault$ floor1 :i* made ! ceil+ ( ! /ore-room & floor ( ! upp] /ore-room4 ,= fur!r security1 !re=e1 !re 0 a groove cut r\nd ! upp] surface ( ?is c\rse1 9 :i* 0 plac$ a circul> *a9 ( great /r5g?4 ,^u ?is *a91 9 ! groove1 0 p\r$ melt$ lead1 until ! cavity 0 fill$ up4 ,! next c\rse 0 !n laid on1 & ?is 0 also secur$ by a *a9 9 l mann]1 x be+ consid]$ t ! c\rses on :i* ! floors re/$ dem&$ e possible security4 ,! =mation ( ! floors1 & ! c>e tak5 to avoid ! dang] ( lat]al pressure on ! walls1 is wor?y ( notice4 ,ea* floor re/$ ^u two c\rses2 be+ firmly support$ by a triple l$ge go+ circul>ly r\nd ! two support+ c\rses4 ',_h ea* floor1' says ! ar*itect1 'be5 compos$ ( a s+le /one1 ?is ly+ ^u ! horizontal be>+s furni%$ by ^! l$ges1 w\ld1 :ile x rema9$ entire1 h no lat]al pressure or t5d5cy to ?ru/ out ! sides ( ! encompass+ walls2 & t 9 effect ! sev]al pieces ( :i* ! floors 7 really compos$ might h ! same prop]ty z :ole /ones1 ! c5tre /one 0 made l>ge en\gh to admit ( an op5+1 f floor to floor1 to be made ?r\gh x2 & be+ furni%$ ) dove-tails on its f\r sides1 l ^? ( ! entire solid1 x became ! means by :i* all ! /ones 9 ea* floor 7 connect$ toge!r2 & consequ5tly1 ! :ole w\ld lie ^u ! l$ges l a s+le /one1 )\t any t5d5cy to spread ! walls4 ,b if by ! accid5t ( a heavy body fall+1 or o!rwise1 any ( ^? /ones %\ld be brok51 ?\gh ?is might n de/roy its use z a floor2 yet ! p>ts w\ld !n ex]t _! lat]al pressure aga9/ ! walls2 &1 !re=e1 z a security aga9/ ?is1 x became necess>y t ! circle ( ! enclos+ walls %\ld be b\nd toge!r1 & ! build+1 z x 71 hoop$4' ,?us assidu\sly did ,smeaton urge =w>d ! "w1 yet )\t neglect+ any ( ! necess>y precautions = its safety4 ,by ! #aj? ( ,octob] he _h ne>ly complet$ all ! necess>y arrangem5ts = e/abli%+ a light & light-keep]s at ! ,eddy/one dur+ ! same w9t]1 :5 he receiv$ an unexpect$ & pa9ful refusal f ! ,corporation ( ,tr9ity-,h\se1 to ! effect t 'on read+ ! ,acts ( ,p>liam5t1 ! application f ! m]*ants & own]s ( %ips1 & ,w9/anley's n>rative ( ! fir/ ligh?\se erect$ !re1 !y are ( op9ion t a light _c be exhibit$ on ! ,eddy/one ,rock till ! ligh?\se is re-built4' ,smeaton employ$ ! w9t] ( #ageh-i 9 ,london1 prep>+ ev]y?+ = ! f9al "w at ! ,eddy/one ! ensu+ season4 ,he =m$ & made out designs = ! iron rails ( ! balcony1 ! ca/ iron1 ! wr\ght iron1 & ! copp]-works ( ! lant]n1 c4 ,!re 0 a viol5t /orm on ! #i? ( ,m>*1 #agei1 :i* x 0 suppos$ might h damag$ ! unf9i%$ ligh?\se1 z x _h done v great damage to ! %ips & h\ses at ,plym\?4 ,z soon z x 0 possible to effect a l&+ ! works 7 visit$ & a report s5t to ,smeaton4 ,f ?is he f\nd1 ) pleasure1 t n only ! solid b ! holl[ "w rema9$ p]fectly s\nd & firm2 all ! mort> hav+ become q h>d1 & e "p ( ! "w j z x 0 left by ! workm5 9 ,octob]4 ,! comm5cem5t ( ! "w = ! next & la/ season1 took place on ! #e? ( ,july4 ,on ! #ba/ ( ! same mon? ! second floor 0 f9i%$1 & by ! #bi? ! =tie? c\rse ( /one 0 laid d[n1 & ! ?ird floor f9i%$4 ,! ma9 column ( ! ligh?\se 0 complet$ on ,friday1 ,augu/ #ag?4 ,x conta9$ 9 all =ty-six c\rses ( /one1 & rea*$ ! height ( sev5ty feet4 ,! b$s = ! light-keep]s 7 fix$ 9 ! upp]mo/ room1 & ! kit*5 ) its fire-place 9 ! room bel[ x1 :]eas 9 ! =m] h\se1 ! kit*5 _h be5 ! upp] room1 d\btless1 because ! funnel = ! smoke w\ld be %ort]4 ,b ,smeaton hav+ be5 in=m$ t ) ! =m] arrangem5t ! b$s & b$d+ 7 9 a v damp & disagreeable /ate1 propos$ to rem$y ! evil by all[+ ! copp] funnel to pass ?r\gh ! b$-room1 & ?us to dry ! air4 ,?is plan completely answ]$ ! desir$ end2 ?\gh x mu/ be obs]v$1 t ! :ole edifice1 ev5 ^? portions ( x :i* 7 cont9ually subject to ! action ( ! waves1 7 mu* m imp]vi\s to moi/ure ?an ,rudy]d's edifice2 z may naturally be imag9$ f ! diff]5ce ( mat]ial us$ 9 ! build+ ( ! ligh?\se1 & ! well-kn[n quality ( granite to resi/ humidity4 ,9 ! upp] room1 !re=e1 7 fix$ ?ree cab9-b$s to hold "o man ea*1 ) ?ree draw]s & two lock]s 9 ea* to hold 8 sep>ate prop]ty4 ,9 ! kit*51 besides ! fire-place & s9k1 7 two settles ) lock]s1 a dress] ) draw]s1 two cupbo>ds & "o platt]-case4 ,9 ! lant]n a seat 0 fix$ to encompass x all r\nd1 except at ! doorway1 & ?is s]v$ equally to sit ^u1 or to /& & snuff ! c&les2 also to enable a p]son to look ?r\gh ! l[e/ ti] ( glass-panes at di/ant objects1 )\t hav+ occasion to g on ! outside ( ! lant]n into ! balcony4 ,besides ! w9d[s ( ! lant]n t5 o!r w9d[s 7 con/ruct$ = ! edifice1 namely1 two = ! /ore-room1 & f\r ea* = ! o!r two rooms4 ,9 fix+ ! b>s = ^! w9d[s1 an accid5t occurr$ :i* _h ne>ly prov$ fatal to ,smeaton1 & :i* he ?us describes3--',aft] ! boat 0 gone1 & x became s d>k t we c\ld n see any long] to pursue our occupations1 ,i ord]$ a *>coal-fire to be made 9 ! upp] /ore-room1 9 "o ( ! iron-pots we us$ = melt+ lead1 = ! purpose ( anneal+ ! blank ends ( ! b>s2 & !y 7 made r$ hot altoge!r 9 ! *>coal4 ,mo/ ( ! workm5 7 set r\nd ! fire1 & by way ( mak+ ourselves com=table1 by scre5+ ourselves & ! fire f ! w9d1 ! w9d[s 7 %ut2 &1 z well z ,i rememb]1 ! copp] cov] or hat* put ov] ! man-hole ( ! floor ( ! room :]e ! fire 02 ! hat* above be+ left op5 = ! heat$ vap\r to asc5d4 ,i rememb] to h look$ into ! fire att5tively to see t ! iron 0 made hot en\gh1 b n ov]-heat$3 ,i also rememb] ,i felt my head a v little giddy2 b ! next ?+ ( :i* ,i _h any s5sation or idea1 0 f9d+ myself ^u ! floor ( ! room bel[1 half dr[n$ ) wat]4 ,x seems1 t )\t be+ fur!r s5sible ( any?+ to give me w>n+1 ! effluvia ( ! *>coal s sudd5ly ov]came all s5sation t ,i dropp$ d[n ^u ! floor2 & _h n ! p haul$ me d[n to ! room bel[1 :]e !y did n sp>e = cold wat] to ?r[ 9 my face & ^u me1 ,i c]ta9ly %\ld h expir$ ^u ! spot4' ,by unremitt+ ex]tions on ! "p ( ,smeaton & 8 "w-p1 ! balcony-rails1 ! lant]n1 ) ! cupola & gilt ball1 ! lightn+-conductor1 &1 9 fact1 all ! rema9+ p>ts ( ! ligh?\se1 ) ! /ores & necess>y furniture1 7 set 9 _! places by ! #af? ( ,octob]1 on :i* day a light 0 once m exhibit$ on ! ,eddy/one ,rock4 ,x may be imag9$ t ,smeaton took peculi> pleasure 9 ?is beautiful monum5t ( 8 skill & +5uity4 ,he slept 9 ! ligh?\se1 view$ x f sea & l&1 & made e obs]vation t an +5i\s & clev] man might be expect$ to make4 ,! acc\nt he gives ( its appe>ance aft] a /orm1 z he view$ x ) 8 telescope f ! g>rison at ,plym\?1 is ?is3 ',?\gh ,i _h _h _m opportunities ( view+ ! unf9i%$ build+1 :5 buri$ 9 waves 9 a /orm at ,s4 ,w41 yet nev] hav+ be=e _h a view ( x "u ?is circum/ance 9 its f9i%$ /ate1 ,i 0 a/oni%$ to f9d t ! acc\nt giv5 by ,mr4 ,w9/anley did n appe> to be at all exagg]at$4 ,at int]vals ( a m9ute1 & sometimes two or ?ree1 ,i suppose :5 a comb9ation happ5s to produce an ov]gr[n wave1 x w\ld /rike ! rock & ! build+ conjo9tly1 & fly up 9 a :ite column1 enwrapp+ x l a %eet1 ris+ at lea/ to d\ble ! height ( ! h\se1 & totally int]cept+ x f sight2 & ?is appe>ance be+ mom5t>y1 bo? z to its ris+ & fall+1 "o 0 enabl$ to judge ( ! comp>ative height v ne>ly1 by ! comp>ative spaces alt]nately occupi$ by ! h\se1 & by ! column ( wat]1 9 ! field ( ! telescope4' ,! ye> #agei clos$ ) a s]ies ( v /ormy wea!r1 & z ?is 0 ! fir/ w9t]'s trial ( ! ligh?\se1 x may be suppos$ t !re 0 "s anxiety among ! m timid & d\bt+ ( ^? conc]n$ 9 x4 ,especially 0 ! c\rage ( ! light-keep]s put to ! te/4 ,:5 a boat c\ld come ne> !m aft] "o ( ^! /orms1 a lett] 0 s5t by ,h5ry ,edw>ds1 "o ( ! light-keep]s1 to ! manag] ( ! works acqua9t+ him t !y _h _h su* bad wea!r1 & t ! sea ran ov] ! h\se 9 su* a mann]1 t = twelve days toge!r !y c\ld n op5 ! door ( ! lant]n or any o!r4 ',! h\se did %ake1' says ! poor light-keep]1 'z if a man _h be5 up 9 a great tree4 ,! old m5 7 almo/ fright5$ out ( _! lives1 wi%+ !y _h nev] se5 ! place1 & curs+ ^? t fir/ p]suad$ !m to g !re4 ,! fe> seiz$ !m 9 ! back1 b rubb+ !m ) oil ( turp5t9e gave !m relief4' ,mean:ile ! ligh?\se itself bore ! /orm admirably1 & suff]$ no?+ f x4 ,two ye>s aft]w>ds a tempe/ ( unusual viol5ce occurr$1 caus+ mu* loss ( life & prop]ty at ,plym\?4 ,eighty ?\s& p\nds' wor? ( damage 7 done 9 ! h>b\r & s\nd1 & a fri5d ( ,smeaton's1 aft] writ+ a full description ( ! sev]al disa/]s1 adds1 ',9 ! mid/ ( all ?is horror & confusion1 my fri5d may be assur$ t ,i 0 n ins5sible to 8 hon\r & cr$it1 yet 9 spite ( ! high op9ion t ,i _h ( 8 judgm5t & abilities1 ,i c\ld n b feel ! utmo/ anxiety = ! fate ( ! ,eddy/one4 ,sev]al times 9 ! day ,i swept ) my telescope f ! g>rison1 z ne> z ,i c\ld imag9e1 ! l9e ( ! horizon1 b x 0 s extremely black1 fretful1 & hazy1 t no?+ c\ld be se51 & ,i 0 oblig$ to g to b$ t night ) a mortify+ unc]ta9ty4 ,b ! next morn+ e>ly1 ,i _h great joy to see t ! gild$ ball _h triumph$ ov] ! fury ( ! /orm1 & su* an "o z ,i _h no conception (4 ,i saw ! :ole s di/9ctly f ! bottom to ! top1 t ,i c\ld be v sure ! lant]n _h suff]$ no?+4 ,x is n[ my mo/ /eady belief1 z well z ev]ybody's "h1 t its inhabitants are r m secure 9 a /orm1 "u ! unit$ =ce ( w9d & wat]1 ?an we are 9 our h\ses f ! =m] only4' ,aft] ?is trial ( ! /r5g? ( ! ligh?\se1 !re seems no long] to h be5 any appreh5sion conc]n+ x4 ,! light-keep]s ev5 became atta*$ to ! spot1 & f\nd x a rem>kably heal?y & com=table abode4 ,!re 7 (t5 z _m z half a doz5 applications = ! (fice1 al?\gh ! sal>y 0 only tw5ty-five p\nds p] annum4 ,"o ( ! light-keep]s1 aft] a resid5ce ( f\rte5 ye>s on ! rock1 became s mu* atta*$ to ! place1 t = two summ]s he gave up 8 turn ( go+ on %ore to 8 companions1 & decl>$ 8 int5tion ( do+ s on ! ?ird2 b be+ ov]-p]suad$ he w5t on %ore to take 8 mon?'s turn4 ,at ! ligh?\se he _h always be5 a dec5t1 sob]1 well-behav$ man2 b he _h no soon] got on %ore ?an he w5t to an aleh\se & became intoxicat$4 ,?is he cont9u$ ! :ole ( 8 /ay2 :i* be+ notic$1 he 0 c>ri$ 9 an intoxicat$ /ate on bo>d ! ,eddy/one boat & deliv]$ 9 ! ligh?\se1 :]e he 0 expect$ to gr[ sob]2 b aft] l+]+ = two or ?ree days1 he expir$4 ,vacancies1 h[ev]1 seldom occurr$ 9 ! ligh?\se4 ,smeaton m5tions sev]al m5 :o _h s]v$ !re to 8 k t51 fifte51 or tw5ty ye>s4 ,hav+ ?us conduct$ our read]s to ! close ( ,smeaton's ardu\s und]tak+1 & notic$ its complete success1 we may proce$ to describe ! m rem>kable ligh?\ses erect$ 9 o!r portions ( ! k+dom subsequ5t to ! lab\rs ( ?is celebrat$ eng9e]4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,nor!rn ,,ligh?\ses4 ,importance ( ,light+ ! ,scotti% ,coa/--,=mation ( ,bo>d ( ,commission]s ( ,nor!rn ,ligh?\ses--,e>ly ,proce$+s ( ! ,bo>d--,pr9cipal ,nor!rn ,ligh?\ses--,! ,isle ( ,may ,ligh?\se--,loss ( two ,frigates--,application ( ! ,admiralty to ! ,ligh?\se ,bo>d1 by :om ! ,duties & ! ,isl& ( ,may are pur*as$--,num]\s ,%ipwrecks on ! ,isl& ( ,s&ay--,f\ndation-/one ( ,/>t-,po9t ,ligh?\se laid--,rev4 ,w4 ,traill's ,address ^u ! occasion--,subsequ5t ,proce$+s on ,s&ay ,isl&--,nor? ,ronaldsay ,ligh?\se--,melan*oly ,accid5t--,importance ( ! ,nor!rn ,ligh?\ses4 ,! coa/ ( ,scotl& is des]v$ly celebrat$ = ! skill & ent]prise ( its ligh?\se sy/em4 ,?is coa/1 ext5d+ to ab\t two ?\s& miles 9 circuit1 is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ dang]\s ( any 9 ,europe4 ,previ\s to ! erection ( effici5t ligh?\ses1 x 0 frequ5tly /rew$ ) wrecks1 & prov$ h[ inadequate to ! protection ( ! m>9] 7 ! few feeble lights :i* 7 !n "u ! contr\l ( private or local tru/s4 ,accord+ly1 9 ! ye> #aghf1 ! ,commission]s ( ,nor!rn ,ligh?\ses 71 by ,act ( ,p>liam5t1 erect$ into a bo>d1 consi/+ ( 8 ,maje/y's advocate & solicitor-g5]al1 ! *ief magi/rates ( ! pr9cipal burghs ( ,ed9burgh1 ,glasg[1 ,ab]de51 ,inv]ness1 ,campbelt[n1 & ! %]iffs or judges ord9>y ( m>itime c\nties4 ,! preamble to ! act /ates1 ',t x w\ld conduce greatly to ! security ( ,navigation & ! ,fi%]ies if f\r ligh?\ses 7 erect$ 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,great ,brita92' namely1 "o on ,k9naird ,head1 9 ,ab]de5%ire1 "o on ! ,orkney ,isl&s1 "o on ! ,h>ris ,isles1 & "o at ! ,mull ( ,k9tyre1 9 ,argyle%ire4 ,su* appe>s to h be5 ! /ate ( trade 9 ,scotl& ab\t sixty ye>s ago1 t ! erection ( f\r ligh?\ses 0 all t 0 contemplat$4 ,b no soon] 7 ^! f\r lights erect$ ?an _! importance to navigation 0 imm$iately ackn[l$g$1 & frequ5t applications 7 made on ! "p ( ! %ipp+ int]e/ to erect o!rs4 ,accord+ly z ! funds ( ! bo>d all[$1 ligh?\ses or o!r means ( exhibit+ lights h be5 erect$ ^u _m promontories ( ! ma9 l&1 or ^u isl&s & reefs ly+ (f ! coa/ ( ,scotl&1 includ+ ! ,isle ( ,man4 ,^! ligh?\ses be+ = ! mo/ "p situat$ 9 remote & inaccessible di/ricts1 x 0 resolv$ 't ! eng9e] %\ld *>t] a vessel annually1 to c>ry a full complem5t ( /ores & o!r necess>ies = ! use ( ! lights1 & su* artific]s1 implem5ts1 & mat]ials1 z might f "t to "t be f\nd necess>y = mak+ repairs at ! ligh?\ses2' ! eng9e] 0 also to pay an annual visit to ea* ligh?\se1 & report ^u ! /ate & condition ( ! build+s1 & ! conduct ( ! light-keep]s4 ,no public lights on ! ,scot* coa/ are 9 ! h&s ( private individuals4 ,all ! light-dues collect$ f ! g5]al %ipp+ 9 ,scotl& are receiv$ by ! commission]s = public use4 ,!re are n[ tw5ty-five l&-lights "u ! *>ge ( ! commission]s1 = :i* due-lights are levi$2 & !re are tw5ty-eight local or h>b\r-lights "u ! managem5t ( tru/ees & corporate bodies1 ma9ta9$ by ! dues levi$ on ! trade ( ! respective ports :]e ! lights are situat$1 & on vessels resort+ to !m4 ,"s ( ^! lights are e/abli%$ by ,acts ( ,p>liam5t1 o!rs are secur$ by anci5t *>t]s to ! frat]nities ( ! ports1 & o!rs 7 erect$ & are ma9ta9$ by ! %ip-own]s & m]*ants ( ! ports4 ,! e>lie/ public light on ! ,scotti% %ores is t situat$ on ! ,isl& ( ,may4 ,?is isl& holds a prom95t position at ! entrance ( ! ,fri? ( ,=?1 & f its connection also ) ! e/u>y lead+ to ! capital ( ,scotl& & ! pr9cipal ports ( h] comm]ce1 ! want ( a light seems to h be5 exp]i5c$ at an e>ly p]iod4 ,ov] ! entrance-door ( ! old ligh?\se-t[] a /one1 neatly cut into ! figure by :i* ! sun is usually repres5t$1 be>s ! date #afce4 ,mu* dissatisfaction 0 produc$ aft] ! ,union1 9 consequ5ce ( ,engli% & ,iri% vessels be+ *>g$ ) d\ble rates z =eign]s4 ,! light be+ also a coal-fire expos$ 9 an op5 *auff]1 0 f\nd to be insuffici5t4 ,accord+ly1 9 ! ye> #aghf ! ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce ( ,ed9burgh made c]ta9 repres5tations to ! proprietor :i* induc$ him to increase ! magnitude ( ! light2 ! *auff] 0 accord+ly enl>g$ to ! capacity ( a squ>e ( ?ree feet2 & in/ead ( ab\t two hundr$ tons ( coal p] annum1 =m]ly consum$1 ! quantity ( fuel 0 n[ d\bl$4 ,f ?is p]iod ! light ( ,may became ! mo/ p[]ful coal-light 9 ! k+dom1 al?\gh f its exposure x 0 /ill f\nd to be v un/eady 9 bad wea!r1 :5 mo/ requir$ by ! m>9]4 ,lime-kilns & o!r accid5tal op5 fires ^u ! neighb\r+ %ores1 7 also apt to be mi/ak5 = ! ,isle ( ,may *auff]4 ,to obviate su* dang]\s mi/akes1 !re 0 no o!r me?od b ! introduction ( a light f oil1 ) reflectors inclos$ 9 a glaz$ light-room4 ,relat$ ineffectual applications to ! ,duke ( ,portl& 7:o by m>riage _h obta9$ possession ( ! light & ,isle ( ,may7 s]v$ only to illu/rate h[ v objectionable x is to all[ ligh?\ses & o!r public works to be c>ri$ on by a private individual = 8 sole pr(it4 ,x happ5$1 h[ev]1 t among num]\s o!r disa/]s1 two ( 8 ,maje/y's %ips1 valu$ at n less ?an a hundr$ ?\s& p\nds1 71 on ! #ai? ,decemb]1 #ahaj1 wreck$ ne> ,dunb>1 9 consequ5ce1 x is believ$1 ( ! light ( a lime-kiln on ! coa/ ( ,hadd+ton%ire hav+ be5 mi/ak5 = ! coal-light ( ! ,isle ( ,may4 ,?is disa/] attract$ ! notice ( ! ,admiralty to ! ,isle ( ,may light1 :5 x 0 propos$ to place x "u ! control ( ! ,commission]s ( ,nor!rn ,ligh?\ses4 ,aft] _m negotiations an ,act ( ,p>liam5t 0 pass$ 9 ! session ( #ahad1 emp[]+ ! commission]s to pur*ase ! light duties & ! ,isl& ( ,may1 = ! sum ( sixty ?\s& p\nds4 ,?is 0 accord+ly done1 & on ! completion ( ! pur*ase1 ! fir/ act ( ! commission]s 0 to r$uce ! light-duty to all ,briti% vessels1 s t ,engli% & ,iri% %ips 7 no long] treat$ z =eign]s1 by pay+ d\ble duty4 ,imm$iate measures 7 also tak5 = alt]+ & improv+ ! light2 a new ligh?\se 0 erect$1 & a light f oil1 ) reflectors1 0 exhibit$ on ! #a/ ,febru>y1 #ahaf1 aft] ! exi/5ce ( a coal-light dur+ "o hundr$ & eighty-"o ye>s4 ,! old ligh?\se-t[] 0 r$uc$ 9 height1 & conv]t$ into a gu>d-room = ! use & conv5i5ce ( pilots & fi%]m54 ,soon aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,bo>d ( ,commission]s1 repeat$ applications 7 made = ! erection ( new ligh?\ses1 9 ord] to av]t ! mis=tunes :i* occurr$ e ye>1 especially on ! l[ %ores ( ! nor!rn isles ( ,orkney4 ,9 ! ye> #aghi a ligh?\se _h be5 complet$ at ,nor? ,ronaldsay1 b ! exp]i5ce ( twelve ye>s _h prov$ t ?is 0 n calculat$ to prev5t ! num]\s wrecks on ! isl&s ( ,s&ay & ,/ronsay4 ,9 #agif1 :5 ! eng9e] 0 on 8 annual visit1 he 0 /ruck at see+ ! wreck ( ?ree homew>d-b\nd %ips ^u ! isl& ( ,s&ay1 ?\gh situate only ab\t eight miles s\?w>d ( ! ligh?\se ( ,nor? ,ronaldsay4 ,9 ! ?ree foll[+ ye>s no few] ?an eight %ips 7 wreck$ ^u ! same fatal isl&4 ,x 0 !re=e resolv$1 9 #ahja1 t a /one-t[] or beacon %\ld be erect$ ^u ! ,/>t ,po9t1 :i* =ms ! ea/]n extremity ( ! l[ %ores ( ! ,isl& ( ,s&ay2 ! build+ to be con/ruct$ 9 su* a mann] t x might1 if necess>y1 be conv]t$ into a ligh?\se4 ,9 ! ye> #ahjb1 ,mr4 ,/ev5son1 ! eng9e] ( ! ,nor!rn ,ligh?\ses1 sail$ on 8 annual voyage ( inspection1 tak+ ) him a =eman & sixte5 artific]s to comm5ce ! works at ,/>t ,po9t4 ,! vessel rea*$ ,orkney by ! #bj? ,april1 & ev5 at ?is advanc$ "p ( ! season ! isl&s 7 cov]$ to ! dep? ( six in*es ) sn[4 ,?is1 at any "t1 is r uncommon 9 ,orkney2 b su* _h be5 ! sev]ity ( ?is season 9 ! nor!rn regions1 t a flock ( wild swans1 :i* 9 sev]e w9t]s visit ^! isl&s1 7 /ill se5 9 consid]able numb]s ^u ! fre%-wat] lakes ( ,s&ay4 ,^? l>ge birds are suppos$ to migrate f ,icel&1 b are r>ely se5 9 ,orkney lat] ?an ! mon? ( ,m>*2 s t _! appe>ance 9 ! latt] end ( ,april 0 reg>d$ z a m>k ( a v sev]e & long-cont9u$ w9t] 9 ! high] latitudes4 ,!re be+ no workable s&-/one on ,s&ay isl&1 a qu>ry 0 op5$ on ! contigu\s isl& ( ,eda1 :]e x occurr$ ( a tol]ably good quality4 ,9 ord] to r5d] ! build+ sub/antially wat]-tight1 x _h be5 orig9ally int5d$ to make x :olly ( hewn-/one built 9 regul> c\rses2 b ! qu>ry ( ,eda be+ ab\t f\rte5 miles di/ant f ! works1 ! /ones _h to be convey$ by sea ?r\gh rapid tides2 & !re be+ b indiff]5t creeks or hav5s1 bo? at ! qu>ry & at ! ,/>t ,po9t1 x 0 f\nd necess>y to make only ! pr9cipal /ones ( hewn "w1 :ile ! body ( ! "w 0 execut$ 9 rubble build+1 = :i* excell5t mat]ials 7 at h&1 consi/+ ( a sort ( s&-/one slate or micace\s s*i/4 ,! encroa*m5ts ( ! sea _h heap$ up imm5se quantities ( ^! /ones at high-wat] m>k all r\nd ! ,/>t ,po9t1 ! %ores ( :i* appe>$ l ! ru9s ( ! wall ( "s l>ge city4 ,by ! middle ( ! mon? ( ,may suffici5t mat]ials 7 collect$ = comm5c+ ! build+4 ,! workm5 hav+ express$ a wi% to h ! f\ndation-/one ( ! beacon laid ) masonic c]emony1 prep>ations 7 accord+ly made4 ',! ye> ( our ,"l #ahjb' 0 cut ^u ! f\ndation-/one1 9 :i* a hole 0 p]=at$ = deposit+ a glass phial conta9+ a small p>*m5t-scroll1 sett+ =? ! int5tion ( ! build+1 ! (ficial con/itution ( ! ,commission]s ( ,nor!rn ,ligh?\ses1 & ! "n ( _! eng9e]4 ,x also conta9$ sev]al ( ! curr5t co9s ( ,george ,,iii4 9 gold1 silv]1 & copp]4 ,! day fix$ = ! c]emony 0 ! #ae? ( ,may4 ,! wea!r 0 dry & tol]ably agreeable1 ?\gh cold ) sn[ ^u ! gr\nd2 ! !rmomet] /ood at #ce 9 ! %ade at noon4 ,! influx ( s _m /rang]s to ! isl& = ?is "w1 & ! novelty ( ! int5d$ c]emony1 caus$ mo/ ( ! inhabitants to be pres5t to witness x4 ,e ?+ be+ prep>$1 ! eng9e]1 assi/$ by ! =eman ( ! works1 appli$ ! squ>e & plummet-level to ! f\ndation-/one 9 compliance ) anci5t cu/om4 ,! phial 0 !n deposit$ 9 ! cavity prep>$ = x 9 ! /one1 & c>efully cov]$ up ) s&1 :5 ! masonic c]emony 0 conclud$ 9 ! usual mann]4 ,! ,rev4 ,walt] ,traill1 m9i/] ( ! p>i%1 !n (f]$ up a mo/ impressive pray]1 implor+ ! bless+ ( heav5 ^u ! int5d$ purposes ( ! build+1 & !n deliv]$ ! foll[+ address3-- ',?is mom5t is auspici\s4 ,! f\ndation-/one is laid ( a build+ ( incalculable value2--a "w ( use1 n ( luxury4 ,pyramids 7 erect$ by ! pride ( k+s1 to p]petuate ! memory ( m51 ^: ambition enslav$ & desolat$ ! _w4 ,b x is ! b5evol5t int5tion ( our gov]nm5t1 on ?is spot1 to erect a t[]--n to exhau/1 b to increase ! weal? & protect ! comm]ce ( ?is happy k+dom4 ,to ! goodness ( ,,god1 9 ! fir/ place1 we are indebt$ = a degree ( prosp]ity unkn[n to o!r nations4 ,9 ! next place1 we owe our happ9ess to our insul> situation1 & att5tion to m>itime affairs4 ,faction & civil w> h at ?is p]iod laid wa/e ! faire/ c\ntries ( ,europe2 :ile peace has fl\ri%$ )9 our walls4 ,agriculture1 comm]ce1 & _! k9dr$ arts1 h prosp]$ 9 our l&4 ,briti% oak ha? triumph$2 victory ha? be5 atta*$ to ! ,briti% flag2 & ,briti% fleets h ridd5 triumphant on ! w+s ( ! w9d4 ,consid] ! great national objects = :i* ?is build+ w be erect$4 ,to protect comm]ce1 & to gu>d ! lives ( ^? intrepid m5 :o = u *e]fully brave ! fury ( ! waves & ! rage ( battle4 ,! m>9] :5 he returns to ! embraces ( 8 wife & *ildr51 aft] ascrib+ praise to ! ,great ,giv] ( safety1 %all bless ! fri5dly light :i* guid$ him ov] ! deep1 & recomm5d to ! protection ( heav5 ^? :o urg$1 :o plann$1 & :o execut$ ! "w4 ,?is day %all be rememb]$ ) gratitude4 ,x %all be record$1 t at ! beg9n+ ( a new c5tury ! pi\s c>e ( gov]nm5t 0 ext5d$ to ?is remote isl&4 ,^! rocks1 s fatal to ! mo/ brave & hon\rable "p ( ! community1 %all lose _! t]ror1 & safety & life %all spr+ f dang] & dea?4 ,ev5 y1 my fri5ds1 :o are employ$ 9 ! execution ( ?is "w1 are objects ( reg>d & gratitude4 ,y h1 = a season1 left ! society ( y\r families & fri5ds1 to p]=m a "w ( high int]e/ to y\r c\ntry & to mank9d4 ,i am confid5t t y w act1 9 all respects1 s z to des]ve & obta9 ! e/eem ( ! p :o n[ surr\nd y4 ,i hope t !y w dis*>ge to y e duty ( ,*ri/ian hospitality1 & t y w h no occasion to feel t y are /rang]s 9 a /range l&4 ,x becomes u to rememb] t all ! affairs ( m5 are dep5d5t on ,provid5ce4 ,we may ex]t tal5ts & indu/ry1 b ,god only c bless our ex]tions ) success4 ,let our tru/ be 9 ,him4 ,let u humbly hope t ,he w bless ?is day & ?is und]tak+4 ,?r\gh ,8 aid may !re arise f ?is spot a t[] ( safety & protection to ! m>9] ( e tongue & nation4' ,! :ole ( ?is sc5e is describ$ z be+ v impressive2 to :i* ! pla91 dec5t1 & respectable appe>ance ( ! p collect$ on ! occasion n a little contribut$4 ,by cont9u+ /eadily at "w dur+ ! summ]-mon?s1 ! beacon 0 f9i%$ 9 ,septemb]4 ,x 0 t]m9at$1 at ! height ( "o hundr$ feet above ! m$ium level ( ! sea1 ) a circul> ball ( masonry measur+ fifte5 feet 9 circumf]5ce4 ,! completion ( ?is beacon did n1 h[ev]1 prev5t ! frequ5t occurr5ce ( %ipwreck ^u ! isl&4 ,x _h ev5 become prov]bial ) "s ( ! inhabitants to obs]ve1 't if wrecks 7 to happ51 !y might z well be s5t to ! poor isl& ( ,s&ay z any:]e else4' ',on ?is & ! neighb\r+ isl&s1' says ,mr4 ,/ev5son1 '! inhabitants h c]ta9ly _h _! %>e ( wreck$ goods2 = "h ! eye is pres5t$ ) ^! melan*oly rema9s 9 almo/ e =m4 ,= example1 al?\gh qu>ries are to be met ) g5]ally 9 ^! isl&s1 & ! /ones are v suitable = build+ dikes1 yet in/ances occur ( ! l& be+ enclos$1 ev5 to a consid]able ext5t1 ) %ip-timb]s4 ,! au?or has actually se5 a p>k pal$ r\nd1 *iefly ) c$>-wood & mahogany f ! wreck ( a ,honduras built %ip2 & 9 "o isl&1 aft] ! wreck ( a %ip lad5 ) w9e1 ! inhabitants h be5 kn[n to take cl>et to _! b>ley-meal porridge1 in/ead ( _! usual bev]age4 ,on compla9+ to "o ( ! pilots ( ! badness ( 8 boat's sails1 he repli$ to ! au?or ) "s degree ( pleasantry1 ,_h x be5 ,8 7,god's7 w t y came na "h wi' ^! lights1 we might a' _h bett] sails to our boats1 & m o' o!r ?+s4 ,x may fur!r be notic$1 t :5 "s ( ,"l ,dundas's f>ms are to be let 9 ^! isl&s1 a competition takes place = ! lease2 & x is und]/ood t a mu* high] r5t is paid ?an ! l&s w\ld o!rwise give1 7 x n = ! *ance ( mak+ consid]ably by ! ag5cy & advantages att5d+ %ipwrecks on ! %ores ( ! respective f>ms4' ,9 8 ,report to ! ,bo>d 9 ! ye> #ahje1 ,mr4 ,/ev5son propos$ t ! ,/>t ,po9t beacon %\ld be conv]t$ into a ligh?\se1 & t ! nor? ,ronaldsay light %\ld be discont9u$1 & its t[] conv]t$ into a beacon1 z wrecks 7 f\nd to happ5 comp>atively seldom ^u t isl&1 :ile h>dly a ye> pass$ )\t in/ances ( ?is k9d 9 ! ,isl& ( ,s&ay2 = ow+ to ! project+ po9ts ( ?is /rangely =m$ isl&1 ! l[ness & :it5ess ( its ea/]n %ores1 & ! wond]ful mann] 9 :i* ! scanty pat*es ( l& are int]sect$ ) lakes & pools ( wat]1 x becomes ev5 9 day-light a deception1 & has (t5 be5 fatally mi/ak5 = an op5 sea4 ,aft] tak+ ! op9ion ( p]sons acqua9t$ ) ! navigation ( ^! seas1 ! *ange 0 adopt$2 ! works at ! ,/>t ,po9t 7 comm5c$ e>ly 9 ! summ] ( #ahje2 by ! mon? ( ,novemb] ! light-room 0 f9i%$1 & ! light exhibit$ on ! #a/ ,janu>y1 #ahjf4 ,a melan*oly /ory is connect$ ) ! completion ( ! ligh?\se on ?is fatal isl&4 ,! pr9cipal mason & 8 assi/ants be+ desir\s ( return+ home1 proce$$ to ,/romness on ! ma9l& ( ,orkney1 f :5ce !y 7 mo/ likely to get a passage to ! s\?w>d4 ,! p>ty consi/$ ( six 9 numb]2 & ! =eman's bro!r1 wi%+ to g directly to 8 native place1 took 8 passage 9 a vessel b\nd f ,/romness to ,an/ru!r1 :ile ! re/ emb>k$ on bo>d a s*oon] b\nd = ,lei?4 ,! vessel sail$ ) a fair w9d e>ly on ! #bd? ,decemb]1 #ahjf4 ,on ! foll[+ morn+ !y got sight ( ,k9naird ,head ligh?\se 9 ,ab]de5%ire1 & _h ! prospect ( spe$ily rea*+ ! ,fri? ( ,=?2 b ! w9d hav+ sudd5ly %ift$ to ! s\?-ea/1 & increas$ to a trem5d\s gale1 ! vessel imm$iately put ab\t1 & /e]$ 9 que/ ( "s safe h>b\r 9 ,orkney4 ,at two o'clock 9 ! aft]noon %e pass$ ! ,portl& ,fri?1 & got into ! bay ( ,long ,hope1 b c\ld n rea* ! prop] an*orage2 & at ?ree o'clock bo? an*ors 7 let g 9 an out] road/ead4 ,! /orm /ill cont9u+ ) unabat$ =ce1 ! cables p>t$ or broke1 & ! vessel drift$ on ! isl& ( ,flotta4 ,! utmo/ ef=ts ( ^? on bo>d to pass a rope to ! %ore1 ) ! assi/ance ( ! inhabitants ( ! isl&1 prov$ ineffectual2 ! vessel /ruck ^u a %elv+ rock1 &1 night com+ on1 sunk 9 ?ree fa?oms wat]4 ,"s ( ! un=tunate crew & pass5g]s attempt$ to swim a%ore1 b 9 ! d>kness ( ! night !y ei!r lo/ _! way1 or 7 da%$ ^u ! rocks by ! surge ( ! sea2 :ile ^? :o reta9$ hold ( ! rigg+ ( ! %ip1 be+ worn out ) fatigue & ! pi]c+ coldness ( ! wea!r dur+ a long w9t] night1 di$ be=e morn+1--:5 ! %ore pres5t$ ! dreadful spectacle ( ! wreck ( no few] ?an five vessels1 ) _m lifeless bodies4 ,dur+ successive ye>s ! commission]s erect$ a numb] ( ligh?\ses1 & lab\r$ ) anxi\s c>e to r5d] !m z effici5t z possible4 ,9 "s cases :]e ! nature ( ! accommodation at ! ligh?\se /ations w\ld p]mit1 a gu>d-room 0 provid$ = pilots1 & %ipwreck$ m>9]s 7 lodg$1 &1 9 necessit\s cases1 !y h ev5 be5 all[$ a sum ( money to clo! & c>ry !m to _! respective homes4 ',9 ?is way1' says ,mr4 ,/ev5son1 'x has n unfrequ5tly fall5 to ! lot ( ! keep]s ( ! nor!rn ligh?\ses1 to save ! lives ( p]i%+ seam51 to succ\r _m poor fi%]m5 & pilots1 z well z ! half-/>v$ & unlucky individuals ( wat]-p>ties1 :5 driv5 by /ress ( wea!r to ^! lone places ( abode = safety & %elt]4 ,9 ^! v>i$ =ms1 x w n be too mu* to suppose1 t ! practice ( protect+ ! navigator 9 di/ress1 :i* is said to h =m$ a *ief "p ( ! design ( ! fire-t[]s & nautical colleges ( ! anci5ts1 is ?us 9 "s measure re/or$4' ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,bell-,,rock ,,ligh?\se ,,z ,a ,,type ,,( ,,scotti% ,,ligh?\ses4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,in*-,cape or ,bell-,rock ,ligh?\se z a ,type ( ! ,nor!rn ,ligh?\ses--,position & ,dang]\s ,"* ( ! ,bell ,rock--,ballad ( ,sir ,ralph ! ,rov]--,proposal to erect a ,ligh?\se--,mr4 ,rob]t ,/ev5son select$ z ,eng9e]--,survey ( ! ,rock--,exhibition ( a ,float+ ,light--,prep>ations = ! ,ligh?\se--,fir/ ,season on ! ,rock--,al>m+ ,situation ( ! ,eng9e] & ,m5--,effects ( ! ,/ormy ,sea on ! ,rock--,erection ( ,beacon--,w9t] ,employm5t--,! ,second ,season--,a new ,t5d] employ$--,praam-boats & ,/one-light]s--,progress ( ! ,"w--,rem>kable appe>ance ( ! ,rock--,f\ndation ,/one laid--,fir/ cont9u\s ,c\rse ( ,masonry--,its ,cont5ts--,?ird ,season--,progress ( ! ,"w--,w9t] ,op]ations--,f\r? ,season--,! ,beacon us$ z a ,dwell+--,its ,int]ior describ$--,! ,eng9e]'s ,cab9--,! ,ligh?\se ne>ly f9i%$--,mr4 ,smeaton's ,daught] visits ! ,works--,la/ ,/one laid--,light adv]tiz$--,ligh?\se describ$--,action ( ! ,sea & ( ,/ormy ,wea!r ^u ! ,ligh?\se--,int]nal ,economy ( ! ,ligh?\se--,arrangem5ts on ,%ore--,signals--,curi\s ,accid5t--,! ,c>r ,rock ,beacon4 ',ph>os loquitur4 ',f> 9 ! bosom ( ! deep ,o'er ^! wild %elves my wat* ,i keep1 ,a ruddy gem ( *angeful light1 ,b\nd 9 ! dusky br[ ( night4 ,! seaman bids my lu/re hail1 ,& scorns to /rike 8 timor\s sail'#e4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ ligh?\se 9 ,scotl& is t situat$ on ! dang]\s reef call$ ! ,in* ,cape or ,bell ,rock4 ,?is ligh?\se may fairly aspire to ! title ( ! ,eddy/one ( ,scotl&1 :e!r we reg>d its high importance to navigation1 ! dang] & difficulty ( its erection1 ! beauty ( its =m1 or its int]e/+ hi/ory4 ,! ,in* ,cape or ,bell ,rock is situat$ on ! nor!rn side ( ! entrance ( ! ,fri? ( ,=? at a di/ance ( elev5 miles f ! promontory call$ ! ,r$ ,head1 9 ,=f>%ire4 ,! dim5sions ( ! nor?-ea/]n or high] comp>tm5t ( ! rock :]e ! ligh?\se is built are ab\t f\r hundr$ & tw5ty-sev5 feet 9 l5g? & two hundr$ & ?irty feet 9 bread?4 ,besides ^! dim5sions1 ! s\?-we/]n reef ext5ds ab\t "o ?\s& feet f ! ma9 rock4 ,! greate/ l5g? ( ! rock1 :i* may be said to be dang]\s to %ipp+1 is ab\t "o ?\s& f\r hundr$ & tw5ty-sev5 feet1 & its greate/ bread? ab\t ?ree hundr$ feet4 ,x is ab\t twelve feet "u wat] at ! ord9>y height or p]p5dicul> rise ( spr+ tides4 ,9 po9t ( situation1 ?is rock is "o ( ! mo/ dang]\s on ! coa/ ( ,great ,brita92 = :ile x lies 9 "o ( ! mo/ frequ5t$ e/u>ies1 x is mu* l[] 9 ! wat] ?an any rock on :i* ligh?\ses are usually erect$2 & h5ce ! m>9] _h =m]ly no w>n+ ( 8 dang] :5 9 its vic9ity4 ,inde$1 9 f9e wea!r ! sea is (t5 s smoo?1 t ! place ( ! rock c\ld n be po9t$ out f ! appe>ance ( ! surface4 ,! ,bell ,rock 0 !re=e consid]$ = ages z ! *ief ob/ruction to ! navigation ( ! ,fri? ( ,=?1 & ! want ( "s m>k to po9t out its position 0 long lam5t$4 ,tradition says1 t ! abbots ( ! anci5t mona/]y ( ,ab]bro?ock succe$$ 9 fix+ a bell ^u x 9 su* a way z to be rung by ! agitation ( ! waves4 ,x is fur!r /at$1 t a b& ( pirates hav+ c>ri$ (f ! bell1 7 9 a subsequ5t voyage all lo/ on ! ,bell ,rock4 ,?is leg5d is beautifully told by ,mr4 ,s\!y 9 ! foll[+ ballad4 ,,sir ,,ralph ,,! ,,rov]4 ,no /ir 9 ! air1 no /ir 9 ! sea1 ,! %ip 0 /ill z %e c\ld be2 ,h] sails f heav5 receiv$ no motion1 ,h] keel 0 /eady 9 ! ocean4 ,)\t ei!r sign or s\nd ( _! %ock1 ,! waves fl['d ov] ! ,in*cape ,rock2 ,s little !y rose1 s little !y fell1 ,!y did n move ! ,in*cape bell4 ,! abbot ( ,ab]bro?ok ,_h plac$ t bell on ! ,in*cape ,rock2 ,on a buoy 9 ! /orm x float$ & swung1 ,& ov] ! waves its w>n+ rung4 ,:5 ! rock 0 hid by ! surge's swell1 ,! m>9]s he>d ! w>n+ bell2 ,& !n !y knew ! p]il\s rock1 ,& ble/ ! abbot ( ,ab]bro?ok4 ,! sun 9 heav5 0 %9+ gay1 ,all ?+s 7 joyful on t day2 ,! sea-birds scream'd z !y :eel'd r\nd1 ,& !re 0 joyaunce 9 _! s\nd4 ,! buoy ( ! ,in*cape bell 0 se51 ,a d>k] speck on ! ocean gre52 ,sir ,ralph ! ,rov] walk'd 8 deck1 ,& he fix'd 8 eye on ! d>k] speck4 ,he felt ! *e]+ p[] ( spr+1 ,x made him :i/le1 x made him s+2 ,8 he>t 0 mir?ful to excess1 ,b ! ,rov]'s mir? 0 wick$ness4 ,8 eye 0 on ! ,in*cape float1 ,quo? he1 ',my m51 put out ! boat1 ,& r[ me to ! ,in*cape ,rock1 ,& ,i'll plague ! abbot ( ,ab]bro?ok4' ,! boat is l[]'d1 ! boatm5 r[1 ,& to ! ,in*cape ,rock !y g2 ,sir ,ralph b5t ov] f ! boat1 ,& he cut ! bell f ! ,in*cape float4 ,d[n sunk ! bell ) a gurgl+ s\nd1 ,! bubbles rose & bur/ ar\nd2 ,quo? ,sir ,ralph1 ',! next :o comes to ! rock ,won't bless ! abbot ( ,ab]bro?ok4' ,sir ,ralph ! ,rov] sail'd away1 ,he sc\r'd ! seas = _m a day2 ,& n[ gr[n ri* ) plund]'d /ore1 ,he /e]s 8 c\rse = ,scotl&'s %ore4 ,s ?ick a haze o'erspreads ! sky1 ,!y _c see ! sun on high2 ,& ! w9d ha? bl[n a gale all day1 ,at ev5+ x ha? di$ away4 ,on ! deck ! ,rov] takes 8 /&1 ,s d>k x is !y see no l&3 ,quo? ,sir ,ralph1 ',x w be light] soon1 ,= !re is ! dawn ( ! ris+ moon4' ',can/ he>1' said "o1 '! break]s ro>8 ,= me?9ks we %\ld be ne> ! %ore2' ',n[ :]e we are ,i _c tell1 ,b ,i wi% we c\ld he> ! ,in*cape bell6' ,!y he> no s\nd1 ! swell is /rong1 ,?\gh ! w9d ha? fall5 !y drift along1 ,till ! vessel /rikes ) a %iv]+ %ock1 ',oh ,*ri/6 x is ! ,in*cape ,rock4' ,sir ,ralph ! ,rov] tore 8 hair1 ,he cur/ himself 9 8 despair2 ,! waves ru% 9 on e side1 ,! %ip is s9k+ b5ea? ! tide4 ,b ev5 9 8 dy+ fe> ,"o dreadful s\nd c\ld ! ,rov] he>1 ,a s\nd z if ) ! ,in*cape bell1 ,! devil bel[ 0 r++ 8 knell4 ,b :atev] may be ! tru? ( ^! traditions1 x is c]ta9 t = a long p]iod1 p]haps c5turies1 no p]man5t di/+ui%+ m>k 0 atta*$ to ! rock until ! build+ ( ! pres5t ligh?\se1 ^: hi/ory we h n[ briefly to /ate4 ,on ! appo9tm5t ( a bo>d = ! erection ( ligh?\ses 9 ,scotl&1 ! public anxi\sly expect$ t "s means w\ld be tak5 to gu>d ! m>9] f ?is fatal rock2 b ! difficulties ( ! und]tak+1 ! great exp5se1 & ! inadequate funds ( ! bo>d1 all contribut$ to promote delay4 ,9 ! w9t] ( #agii ! nor!rn coa/ ( ,great ,brita9 0 visit$ ) a dreadful /orm1 & no less ?an sev5ty vessels 7 wreck$ ^u ! coa/ ( ,scotl&4 ,?is calamity excit$ s /rong a s5sation t ! att5tion ( ! bo>d 0 at once direct$ to ?is object2 & 9 #ahjb application 0 made to ,p>liam5t to enable ! commission]s ( ! nor!rn ligh?\ses to levy c]ta9 additional duties1 & emp[] !m to borr[ a sum ( money = ?is "w4 ,! ,act 0 n obta9$ until #ahjf2 b :5 obta9$1 ?is highly important "w 0 imm$iately und]tak54 ,a v>iety ( plans 7 submitt$ to ! consid]ation ( ! ligh?\se bo>d4 ,! beacons ( sp>s :i* _h be5 erect$ on ! rock _h be5 wa%$ away1 & _m p]sons fe>$ t a m solid /ructure w\ld %>e ! same fate4 ,consid]+ t ! rock 0 frequ5tly "u wat] to ! dep? ( twelve feet1 "s propos$ to erect a build+ :i* %\ld /& on pill>s ( ca/-iron or ( /one4 ,! commission]s1 h[ev]1 wisely ref]r$ ! matt] to ,mr4 ,rob]t ,/ev5son ! eng9e]1 :o 0 to survey ! rock1 & report ^u ! practicability ( erect+ a ligh?\se ^u x4 ,! survey 0 accord+ly made2 & dur+ its progress1 _m in/ances 7 discov]$ ( ! ext5t ( loss :i* ?is reef _h occasion$1 & _m articles ( %ips' furni%+s 7 f\nd1 z well z v>i\s co9s1 a bayonet1 a silv] %oe-buckle1 & _m o!r small objects4 ,! result ( ?is survey 0 a report f ,mr4 ,/ev5son to ! effect1 t a "w ( /one simil> to t ( ! ,eddy/one ligh?\se 0 practicable2 & hav+ s5t 9 8 plans1 ! commission]s submitt$ !m to ,mr4 ,r5nie1 :o gave !m 8 cordial concurr5ce2 & ! "w 0 accord+ly proce$$ )4 ,! "t t rema9$ aft] ! pass+ ( ! ,act 9 #ahjf 0 employ$ 9 mak+ ! necess>y prep>ations = ! summ] ( ! next ye>2 & ! commission]s be+ au?oriz$ to collect duties on ! exhibition ( a float+ light1 a vessel 0 employ$ to s]ve ! d\ble purpose ( a float+ light1 & a t5d] = ! workm5 employ$ 9 ! build+4 ,accord+ly 9 ,july a ,dut* fi%+ vessel 0 moor$ (f ! ,bell ,rock1 at ! di/ance ( ab\t two miles1 9 a dep? ( ab\t tw5ty fa?oms wat]2 h] crew consi/+ ( a ma/]1 eight able seam51 & a boy4 ,?is /rong crew 0 necess>y1 9 case ! vessel %\ld accid5tally drift f h] /ation1 & to enable !m to light or lift _! moor+s aft] e gale ( w9d4 ,! vessel 0 rigg$ ) ?ree ma/s1 on ea* ( :i* a lant]n 0 s plac$ t ! light c\ld be se5 9 all directions4 ,! /ones & ma*9]y 7 prep>$ 9 a "w-y>d provid$ = ! purpose at ,arbroa?1 ! ne>e/ h>b\r on ! adjac5t coa/4 ,9 ?is place b>racks 7 erect$ = ! workm51 t !y might at all times be ready night or day to g (f to ! ,bell ,rock4 ,a sloop1 nam$ ! ',smeaton1' 79 hon\r ( ! great eng9e] :o _h left s spl5did a patt]n = ! pres5t /ructure17 _h be5 built expressly = ! ,bell-,rock s]vice1 to be employ$ z a t5d] = ! float+ light1 & z a /one-light] = ! use ( ! "w3 x s]v$ also to convey ! workm5 to & f ! rock4 ,on ! #ag? ,augu/ #ahjg ! "w on ! rock 0 begun4 ,! fir/ employm5t 0 to bore a suffici5t numb] ( holes = receiv+ ! ends ( beams1 = ! support ( a wood5 beacon or work%op & tempor>y resid5ce = ! workm54 ,b ?is 0 no easy task4 ,! h>d compact nature ( ! s&-/one ( :i* ! rock is compos$ soon blunt$ ! tools1 & r5d]$ necess>y ! con/ant employm5t ( a smi? ) 8 =ge4 ,b ! op]ations ( ?is useful artific] 7 ev5 m difficult ?an ^? ( ! /one-cutt]s4 ,x (t5 happ5$ t aft] ! flood-tide _h oblig$ ! pickm5 to /rike "w1 a sea w\ld come roll+ ov] ! rocks1 :ile ! smi? 0 9 ! middle ( a 'fav\rite heat1' da%+ out ! fire1 & endang]+ 8 indisp5sable in/rum5t1 ! bell[s2 or if ! sea 0 smoo?1 ! smi? _h (t5 to /& at "w knee deep 9 wat]1 & ! tide w\ld rise imp]ceptibly1 fir/ cool+ ! ext]ior ( ! fire-place or he>?1 & !n quickly black5+ & ext+ui%+ ! fire f bel[4 ,mr4 ,/ev5son describes x z amus+ to witness ! p]plex+ anxiety ( ! smi? :5 coax+ 8 fire1 & endeav\r+ to av]t ! effects ( ! ris+ tide4 ,sometimes1 :ile 8 feet 7 imm]s$ 9 wat]1 8 face 0 n only scor*$ b cont9ually expos$ to volumes ( smoke & sp>ks ( fire4 ,a great object !re=e1 ( ! beacon 0 to remove ! smi? above ! rea* ( ! highe/ tide4 ,"o effect ( visit+ ! rock at e tide1 & c>ry+ on ?is noise & traffic1 0 to bani% ! h]d ( seals :i* _h hi!rto frequ5t$ x z a re/+-place dur+ l[ wat]4 ,z _m z fifty or sixty ( ^! animals _h be5 se5 at "o "t on ! rock1 b n[ n m ?an "o or two occasionally appe>$1 & ^! conf9$ _! visits to ! deta*$ outlay]s ( ! rock1 f :5ce !y w\ld gaze on ! workm5 ) t look ( curiosity s rem>kable 9 ?is animal4 ,mr4 ,/ev5son 0 desir\s ( protect+ !m1 9 hopes ( tam+ !m1 s z to ga9 t facility ( /udy+ _! habits :i* 0 af=d$ at ,small's ,ligh?\se1 (f ! coa/ ( ,pembroke%ire1 a fav\rite resort ( seals1 :]e1 by g5tle treatm5t1 !y _h become s tame & famili> z to eat bread out ( ! h&s ( ! light-keep]s4 ,! op]ations ( ?is season 7 difficult & haz>d\s1 ! m5 hav+ to r[ 9 boats at e tide f ! rock to ! float+-light2 & ! w9d (t5 %ift+ sudd5ly1 ! ex]tion ( r[+ 0 v great1 al?\gh ! di/ance 0 b two miles4 ,:5 at ! rock1 ! m5 _h pres5tly to "w knee-deep 9 wat]2 & ! r\ghness ( ! sea 0 (t5 su* z to susp5d ! "w = days toge!r1 dur+ :i* "t ! float+-light w\ld roll s unm]cifully1 t to put out a boat w\ld h probably ensur$ its in/ant de/ruction4 ,dur+ ?is e>ly /age ( ! "w !re 0 a mom5t ( appall+ dang]1 :i* mu/ be notic$ 9 detail4 ,on ! #bnd ( ,sept4 #ahjg1 !re 7 ?irty-two p]sons ^u ! rock2 & :ile all ! artific]s 7 busily occupi$1 a gale arose1 dur+ :i* ! ',smeaton' broke adrift f h] moor+s4 ,9 ?is p]il\s pr$icam5t1 plac$ ^u an insulat$ rock f> out 9 ! ocean1 :i*1 9 ! progress ( ! flood-tide1 0 to be laid "u wat] to ! dep? ( at lea/ twelve feet1 9 a /ormy sea1 ! feel+s ( ! eng9e] may be bett] conceiv$ ?an describ$4 ,!re 71 at ?is p]iod1 only two boats atta*$ to ! rock1 ^: complem5t1 ev5 9 fair wea!r1 did n exce$ tw5ty-f\r sitt]s2 b to r[ to ! float+-light1 ) s mu* w9d1 & s heavy a sea1 a complem5t ( eight m5 = ea* boat 0 z mu* z c\ld possibly be attempt$1 s t1 9 ?is way1 ab\t "o half ( ^? employ$ on ! rock mu/ be left unprovid$ =4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 _h ,mr4 ,/ev5son v5tur$ to despat* "o ( ! boats1 9 expectation ( ei!r work+ ! ',smeaton' soon] up t[>ds ! rock1 or 9 hopes ( gett+ h] boat br\ght to ! assi/ance ( ! re/1 ?is mu/ h giv5 an imm$iate al>m to ! artific]s1 ea* ( :om w\ld h insi/$ ^u tak+ to 8 own boat1 & leav+ ! eight artific]s belong+ to ! ',smeaton' to _! *ance4 ,! un=tunate circum/ance ( ! ',smeaton' & h] boat hav+ drift$1 0 = a consid]able "t1 kn[n only to ,mr4 ,/ev5son & to ! l&+-ma/]1 :o remov$ to ! fur!r "p ( ! rock1 :]e he kept 8 eye /eadily ^u ! progress ( ! vessel4 ,:ile ! artific]s 7 at "w1 *iefly 9 sitt+ & kneel+ po/ures1 excavat+ ! rock1 or bor+ ) ! tools1 & :ile _! num]\s hamm]s1 & ! s\nd ( ! smi?'s anvil cont9u$1 ! situation ( ?+s did n appe> s awful4 ,9 ?is /ate ( susp5se1 ) almo/ c]ta9 de/ruction at h&1 ! wat] began to rise ^u ^? :o 7 at "w on ! l[] p>ts ( ! sites ( ! beacon & ligh?\se4 ,f ! run ( ! sea ^u ! rock1 ! =ge-fire 0 soon] ext+ui%$ ?an usual2 & ! volumes ( smoke hav+ ceas$1 objects 9 e direction became visible f all p>ts ( ! rock4 ,aft] hav+ _h ab\t ?ree h\rs' "w1 ! m5 begun1 pretty g5]ally1 to make t[>ds _! respective boats = _! jackets & /ock+s1 :51 to _! a/oni%m5t1 in/ead ( ?ree1 !y f\nd only two boats1 ! ?ird be+ adrift ) ! ',smeaton4' ,n a ^w 0 utt]$ by any "o1 b all appe>$ to be sil5tly calculat+ _! numb]s1 & look+ to ea* o!r ) evid5t m>ks ( p]plexity depict$ on _! c\nt5ances4 ,! l&+-ma/]1 conceiv+ blame might be atta*$ to him = all[+ ! boat to leave ! rock1 /ill kept at a di/ance4 ,at ?is critical mom5t ,mr4 ,/ev5son 0 /&+ ^u an elevat$ "p ( ! rock1 :]e he endeav\r$ to m>k ! progress ( ! ',smeaton1' n a little surpris$ t h] crew did n cut ! praam adrift :i* greatly ret>d$ h] way4 ,! workm5 look$ /eadfa/ly at _! lead]1 & turn$ occasionally t[>ds ! vessel /ill f> to leew>d4 ,all ?is pass$ ) ! mo/ p]fect sil5ce1 & ! melan*oly solemnity ( ! gr\p 0 su* t1 ,mr4 ,/ev5son /ates1 x left an impression nev] to be effac$ f 8 m9d4 ,9 ! meantime ,mr4 ,/ev5son 0 consid]+ v>i\s s*emes :i* might be adopt$ = ! g5]al safety ( ! p>ty1 9 hopes t ! ',smeaton' might be able to pick up ! boats to leew>d :5 !y 7 oblig$ to leave ! rock4 ,he 01 accord+ly1 ab\t to address ! artific]s on ! p]il\s nature ( _! situation1 & to propose t all %\ld un/rip _! upp] clo?+1 :5 ! high] p>ts ( ! rock 7 laid "u wat]1--t ! seam5 %\ld remove e unnecess>y weight & encumbrance f ! boats1 & a specifi$ numb] ( m5 %\ld g into ea* boat1 & t ! rema9d] %\ld hang by ! gunwales1 :ile ! boats 7 to be r[$ g5tly t[>ds ! ',smeaton1' z ! c\rse ( ! ',ph>os' or float+-light lay r to w9dw>d ( ! rock4 ,b1 :5 he attempt$ to speak1 8 m\? 0 s p>*$ t 8 tongue refus$ utt]ance1 & he says1 ',i n[ le>n$ by exp]i5ce t ! saliva is z necess>y z ! tongue itself = spee*4' ,he !n turn$ to "o ( ! pools on ! rock1 & drank a little salt-wat]1 :i* produc$ imm$iate relief2 & 8 delight 0 9 no small degree increas$ :51 on ris+ f ?is nause\s bev]age1 "s "o call$ out1 ',a boat6' ',a boat6' & on look+ r\nd1 at no great di/ance1 a l>ge boat 0 se5 ?r\gh ! haze mak+ t[>ds ! rock4 ,! effect ( ?is accid5t 01 t :5 ! bell rung next morn+1 & ! workm5 7 mu/]$1 out ( tw5ty-six1 only eight1 besides ! =eman & seam51 appe>$ on deck to accompany ! eng9e] to ! rock4 ',! use ( argum5t to p]suade ! m5 to emb>k 9 cases ( ?is k9d w\ld h be5 out ( place1 z x is n only discom=t1 or ev5 ! risk ( ! loss ( a limb1 b life itself1 t becomes ! "q4' ,! boats proce$$ ) ! eight will+ workm53 f\r h\rs 7 pass$ ^u ! rock1 &1 on return+ to ! ',ph>os1' ! eighte5 m5 :o rema9$ on bo>d seem$ q a%am$ ( _! c[>dice2 & on aga9 proce$+ to ! rock1 !y 7 ! fir/ to emb>k4 ,?is 0 ! only in/ance ( refusal to g to ! rock4 ,%ortly aft] ?is occurr5ce1 ! :ole p>ty on bo>d ! ,ph>os 0 expos$ to a fe>ful gale1 :i* kept !m f ! rock dur+ t5 days & expos$ !m to imm95t dang]4 ,! float+-light broke adrift1 b1 provid5tially1 no damage 0 su/a9$4 ,?is circum/ance1 h[ev]1 imp>t$ a "* ( extreme haz>d to life on bo>d ! float+-light1 t x 0 difficult to provide sailors to man h]4 ,on l&+ ^u ! rock ! effects ( ! gale 7 at once app>5t4 ,six l>ge blocks ( granite1 :i* _h be5 l&$ by way ( exp]im5t1 _h be5 remov$ f _! places1 & by ! =ce ( ! sea ?r[n ov] a ris+ l$ge into a hole at ! di/ance ( twelve or fifte5 paces2 a suffici5t evid5ce ( ! viol5ce ( ! /orm & ! agitation ( ! sea on ! rock4 ,! smi?'s =ge 0 also %ift$ f its place--! a%-pan ( ! he>? ) its pond]\s ca/-iron back _h be5 wa%$ f _! places ( suppos$ security1 ! *a9s ( atta*m5t brok51 & ^! weighty articles f\nd at a v consid]able di/ance 9 a hole ( ! rock4 ,al?\gh ! sea (t5 _h a mo/ frightful appe>ance1 yet ! beacon dive/$ ! ,bell ,rock ( _m ( its t]rors3 its beams af=d$ an excell5t guide to %ipp+1 & old sailors frequ5tly express$ _! admiration at ! *ange ( circum/ances :i* l$ to _! cruis+ ) s mu* confid5ce bo? by day & night 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ?is dang]\s rock4 ,x also _h a b5eficial influ5ce on all :o 7 actively engag$ ab\t ! ligh?\se by induc+ a great] confid5ce ( safety1 s t at all times :5 a boat c\ld be put to sea or approa* ?is sunk5 reef1 !re 0 n t actual dang] 9 l&+ :i* =m]ly pres5t$ itself1 because 9 ! ev5t ( ! t5d] go+ adrift or a boat happ5+ to be wreck$ ^u ! rock1 ! beacon c\ld be look$ to z a refuge till assi/ance arriv$4 ,on ! #f? ,octob]1 #ahjg1 ! works 7 rel9qui%$ = ! season4 ,! "t :i* _h be5 sp5t 9 ! rock am\nt$ only to "o hundr$ & eighty h\rs1 ( :i* "o hundr$ & ?irty-?ree1 or ab\t ?irte5 & a half days ( t5 h\rs ea*1 c\ld be said to h be5 actively employ$1 & yet dur+ ?is p]iod1 besides ! erection ( ! pr9cipal beams ( ! beacon-h\se1 "s consid]able progress _h be5 made 9 prep>+ ! site ( ! ligh?\se4 ',?is reason's "w1' says ! eng9e]1 'af=ds a good example ( :at may be execut$ "u simil> circum/ances1 :5 e he>t & h& is anxi\sly & zeal\sly engag$1 = ! artific]s wr\ght at ! erection ( ! beacon z = life2 or some:at l m5 /opp+ a brea* 9 a wall to keep out an ov]:elm+ flood4' ,dur+ w9t] ! m5 7 busy 9 ! "w-y>d prep>+ ! /ones & lay+ !m c\rse by c\rse ^u a /one basem5t1 equal to ! f\ndation c\rse ( ! ligh?\se4 ,"h ! /ones 7 fitt$ into _! places1 & c>efully numb]$ & m>k$ z !y 7 to lie 9 ! build+2 a necess>y op]ation1 ! sev]al c\rses be+ dove-tail$ & connect$ toge!r1 s z to =m "o mass f ! c5tre to ! circumf]5ce ( ! build+4 ,! /ones 7 also bor$ or fix$ ) tr5ails ( oak & joggles ( /one1 aft] ! mann] ( ! ,eddy/one ligh?\se1 & 9 ?is /ate !y 7 laid aside1 & 9 read9ess = be+ %ipp$ 9 light]s = ! rock4 ,consid]+ ! importance ( a light on ! ,bell ,rock1 x 0 at fir/ det]m9$ t ! :ole outw>d cas+ ( ! ligh?\se %\ld be ( granite1 & t s&-/one %\ld be us$ only = ! int]ior "w2 b f ! difficulty ( procur+ a suffici5t supply ( granite1 x 0 aft]w>ds f\nd necess>y to re/rict ! use ( x to ! l[] c\rses ( ! build+4 ,! granite 0 f ! ,rubislaw qu>ry1 & 0 s compact1 t x conta9$ only ab\t ?irte5 & a half cubic feet to ! ton4 ,! s&-/one 0 f ! ,mylnefield qu>ry1 & conta9$ fifte5 feet to ! ton4 ,z soon z ! wea!r w\ld p]mit1 ! op]ations ( ! second season comm5c$ at ! rock4 ,! arrangem5ts = c>ry+ on ! works 7 made on an improv$ scale4 ,a new vessel 7nam$ ! ,sir ,joseph ,banks7 0 provid$ z a t5d] = lodg+ ! workm5 (f ! rock1 in/ead ( ! float+-light4 ,! new t5d] 0 well suppli$ ) cook+ app>atus1 provisions1 wat]1 fuel1 c42 ! space n us$ z bir?age1 c4 0 occupi$ ) casks ( lime1 cem5t1 & o!r articles requir$ = ! "w4 ,! advantage ( ?is new arrangem5t 01 ! ease ) :i* ! t5d] c\ld be br\ght to ! lee side ( ! rock1 to take ! p on bo>d at any em]g5cy2 :]eas1 ! float+-light1 be+ moor$ z a guide to %ipp+1 c\ld n be mov$ ab\t s easily1 to s]ve ! purposes ( ! workm54 ,e precaution 0 also tak5 to r5d] ! praam-boats or /one-light]s buoyant1 = su* 0 ! pres5tim5t ( dang] atta*$ to ! l&+ dep>tm5t1 t1 9 addition to a wat]-tight l9+1 ea* praam 0 provid$ ) twelve /rong empty casks1 :i* 7 /or$ 9 ! hold1 & 7 suffici5t to float & r5d] h] buoyant 9 case ( accid5t4 ,! praams !re=e became s _m life-boats1 moor$ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! rock4 ,! ,sir ,joseph ,banks 0 also furni%$ ) l>ge l&+ boats & a life-boat4 ,! beacon _h resi/$ ! w9try /orms tol]ably well4 ,inde$1 ! =ce ( ! waves ^u ! rock 0 n s great z might h be5 expect$1 f an int]e/+ & unlook$-= cause1 namely1 ! ext5sive b$s ( m>9e plants :i* gr[ ^u x4 ',x (t5 happ5$1' says ,mr4 ,/ev5son1 ':5 heavy seas 7 roll+ along ! ,bell ,rock1 :i* at a di/ance ?reat5$ to ov]run ! :ole1 t1 ^u rea*+ ^! b$s ( fuci1 ) :i* ! flat & level p>ts ( ! rock 7 ?ickly coat$1 ! velocity & =ce ( ! waves 7 imm$iately *eck$1 & 9 a great measure de/roy$4' ,on ! #be? ( ,may #ahjh1 ! op]ations ( ! second season 7 comm5c$ ) v diff]5t feel+s1 to ^? exp]i5c$ dur+ ! previ\s ye>1 :5 e /ep 0 att5d$ ) a great degree ( d\bt1 unc]ta9ty1 & dang]2 b ! prep>ations & precautions1 :i* _h be5 s wisely adopt$1 gave a security & promptness to ! "w1 :i* reliev$ all conc]n$ 9 x ( mu* anxiety4 ,l&+ ^u ! rock 0 at all times difficult1 b1 s long z ! boats 7 kept f /rik+ ^u x1 ! spray :i* came on bo>d 0 b little he$$4 ,dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ?is season ! "w proce$$ z foll[s3 ,! workm5 l&$ on ! rock at l[ wat]1 & imm$iately began to bale out ! wat] f ! f\ndation pit1 :ile ! pumps 7 also kept 9 action4 ,! "w 0 proce$$ ) on ! high] p>ts ( ! f\ndation z ! wat] left !m4 ,! pumps be+ plac$ diagonally1 ab\t tw5ty m5 7 employ$ to "w ea* pump2 & ?us ?is great body ( wat]1 ext5d+ ov] a circul> area ( =ty-two feet diamet]1 & ( ! av]age dep? ( two feet1 c\ld be drawn (f 9 half an h\r4 ,! m5 !n proce$$1 = ab\t two h\rs & a half1 to level ! f\ndation ) _! picks1 "s ( ! sailors be+ employ$ 9 cle>+ away ! *ips1 & convey+ ! iron tools to & f ! smi?s on ! beacon1 :]e !y 7 %>p5$4 ,:5 ! sea broke 9 & ov]fl[$ ! pit1 ! p>ty return$ 9 boats to ! t5d]4 ,! appe>ance ( ! rock ab\t ?is "t is ?us describ$3 ',its surface 0 cr[d$ ) m51 ! two =ges flam+1 ! "o above ! o!r1 ^u ! beacon1 :ile ! anvils ?und]$ ) ! reb\nd+ noise ( _! wood5 supports1 & =m$ a curi\s contra/ ) ! clam\r ( ! surges4' ,sometimes1 :5 ! sea 0 smoo?1 ! beacon _h ! appe>ance ( be+ afloat ^u ! wat]1 ) a numb] ( m5 support+ !mselves 9 e v>iety ( attitude & position2 :ile f ! upp] "p ( ?is wood5 h\se1 su* volumes ( smoke asc5d$ f ! =ges1 t /rang]s at a di/ance (t5 mi/ook x = a %ip on fire4 ,:5 work+ by su* light at night1 ! rock pres5t$ a rem>kable aspect to ! di/ant %ipp+1 ! num]\s lights flitt+ ab\t1 app>5tly bel[ ! surface ( ! wat]1 hav+ a curi\s & fanciful appe>ance4 ,to ! workm5 !mselves1 ! effect ( ext+ui%+ ! tor*es 0 sometimes />tl+1 & made ! d>kness ( ! night q horrible1 :ile ! sea w\ld assume t phosphoric appe>ance s famili> to ! sailor1 & da% ^u ! rock l s mu* liquid fire4 ,z ! "w proce$$1 ! smi?s 7 sometimes left on ! beacon ?r\gh\t ! day1 & ! noise ( _! anvils 0 an excell5t guide to ! boats 9 foggy wea!r4 ,?is circum/ance confirm$ ! eng9e]1 z to ! propriety ( erect+ 9 ! ligh?\se l>ge bells1 to be toll$ by ma*9]y day & night1 dur+ ! cont9uance ( foggy wea!r1 by :i* ! m>9] may be =ew>n$ ( too ne> an approa* to ! rock4 ,! f\ndation pit hav+ assum$ ! appe>ance ( a l>ge ev5 plat=m1 & ! tides be+ fav\rable1 x 0 det]m9$ to lay d[n ! fir/ c\rse1 :i* consi/$ ( a few irregul> & deta*$ /ones = mak+ up c]ta9 inequalities 9 ! int]ior p>ts ( ! site ( ! build+4 ,hav+ tak5 ! dim5sions ( ! fir/ or f\ndation /one1 a model ( its figure 0 made1 & ?is 0 tak5 by ! eng9e] 9 a fa/-r[+ boat to ! "w-y>d at ,arbroa?3 two m5 7 imm$iately set to "w ^u "o ( ! blocks f ! ,mylnefield qu>ry1 & z ! /one-cutt]s reliev$ ea* o!r1 & work$ )\t int]mission1 ! /one 0 soon prep>$1 & s5t (f next day 9 "o ( ! /one-light]s4 ,on ! #i? ,july ! /one 0 plac$ 9 a praam-boat1 decorat$ ) col\rs = ! occasion4 ,flags 7 also display$ ^u ! beacon & f ! %ipp+ 9 ! (f+4 ,! /one 0 g5tly l[]$ into ! wat]1 :i* occupi$ ! site ( ! build+1 amid/ ! *e]+ ( all pres5t4 ,! /one 0 necess>ily l&$ at high wat]1 = want ( a suffici5t l5g? ( railway = convey+ x along ! rock at l[ wat] to ! site ( ! build+4 ,on ! #aj? ,july ! sailors display$ _! flags at all po9ts1 & z _m z c\ld be sp>$ f ! float+-light & ! t5d]s l&$ to witness ! long desir$ c]emony ( lay+ ! fir/ /one ( ! ligh?\se4 ,! importance ( ! build+ 0 su*1 t b = ! p]il\s & unc]ta9 nature ( any arrangem5t :i* c\ld h be5 made = ?is c]emony1 in/ead ( its hav+ be5 p]=m$ only 9 ! pres5ce ( ^? imm$iately connect$ ) ! "w1 & a few casual spectators f ! neighb\r+ %ore1 reckon+ 9 all ab\t eighty p]sons1 _m ?\s&s w\ld h att5d$ ^u an occasion :i* mu/ h call$ =? ! fir/ dignit>ies ( ! c\ntry 9 conf]r+ ^u x ! highe/ hon\rs ( masonry4 ,at elev5 o'clock ! f\ndation /one 0 laid to h&4 ,x 0 squ>e 9 =m1 & conta9$ ab\t tw5ty cubic feet1 & _h no o!r inscription ?an ! date #ahjh4 ,! eng9e]1 att5d$ by 8 ?ree assi/ants1 appli$ ! squ>e1 ! level1 & ! mallet1 & pron\nc$ ! foll[+ b5$iction3 ',may ! ,great ,ar*itect ( ! univ]se complete & bless ?is build+4' ,?ree he>ty *e]s 7 !n giv51 & success to future op]ations drunk ) ! greate/ en?usiasm4 ,:5 ! tide began to ov]fl[ ! site ! :ole p>ty return$ to ! %ip2 pray]s 7 read1 & e he>t1 d\btless1 felt m ?an usually ?ankful4 ,! fir/ cont9u\s c\rse 0 n[ l&$ on ! rock & laid d[n4 ,mr4 ,/ev5son gives an enum]ation ( ! v>i\s k9ds & quantity ( ! "w 9 ?is s+le c\rse4 ,al?\gh only "o foot 9 ?ickness x conta9$ five hundr$ & eight cubic feet ( granite 9 outw>d cas+2 eight hundr$ & sev5ty-six cubic feet ( ,mylnefield /one 9 ! he>t+2 "o hundr$ & f\r tons ( solid cont5ts2 "o hundr$ & ?irty-two sup]ficial feet ( hew+ 9 ! face-"w2 f\r ?\s& five hundr$ & n9ete5 sup]ficial feet ( hew+ 9 ! b$s1 jo9ts1 & joggles2 f\r hundr$ & tw5ty l9eal feet bor+ ( tr5ail holes2 ?ree hundr$ & sev5ty-eight feet l9eal cutt+ = w$ges2 two hundr$ & =ty-six oak5 tr5ails2 ?ree hundr$ & sev5ty-eight oak-w$ges 9 pairs4 ,9 ! "w-y>d ab\t sixty m5 7 employ$ 9 hew+ & prep>+ ! v>i\s c\rses ( ! solid "p ( ! build+4 ,! second c\rse1 :i* conta9$ "s v weighty /ones1 0 laid d[n ^u ! plat=m 9 ! middle ( ! y>d1 ea* /one be+ c>efully fitt$ & m>k$ z x 0 to lie 9 ! build+4 ,by ! end ( ?is season ! build+ 0 br\ght to a level ) ! highe/ "p ( ! m>g9 ( ! f\ndation pit1 or ab\t five & a half feet above ! l[] b$ ( ! f\ndation-/one4 ,! numb] ( h\rs "w ^u ! rock ?is season at l[ wat] am\nt$ to ab\t two hundr$ & sixty-five1 ( :i* numb] only eighty 7 employ$ 9 build+4 ,! ?ird season 0 comm5c$ e>ly 9 ! spr+ ( #ahji4 ,! fir/ works consi/$ 9 lay+ d[n moor+-*a9s ) float+-buoys1 = moor+ ! /one-light]s & praam-boats2 ! beacon 0 also fitt$ out z a m p]man5t resid5ce = ! workm51 9 ord] to less5 ! am\nt ( sickly motion :i* is s di/ress+ to l&sm5 9 a r\gh sea4 ,by ! end ( ,june ! m5 7 able to "w ^u ! masonry :ile ! rock 0 "u wat]2 & on ! #h? ,july1 = ! fir/ "t1 ! tide ceas$ to ov]fl[ ! build+ at l[ wat]4 ,) consid]able ex]tion ! solid "p ( ! build+1 :i* rea*$ to ! height ( ?irty feet1 0 complet$ by ,septemb]4 ,by cont9u+ ! works a mon? or two long] a mu* great] height might h be5 atta9$1 b z ! eng9e] =esaw t a dilig5t employm5t ( ! next season w\ld suffice = ! completion ( ! "w1 he deem$ x advisable to leave ! h\se 9 its pres5t solid def5sible po/ure1 on :i* ! sea _h mu* less hold1 ?an if "p ( ! holl[ portion _h be5 built4 ,! w9t] mon?s 7 occupi$ 9 prep>+ ! upp] c\rses2 b 9 consequ5ce ( sev]e fro/s1 sev]al excell5t & valuable /ones f ! ,mylnefield qu>ry 7 de/roy$ by absorption ( moi/ure f ! air1 :i* moi/ure exp&+ 9 ! act ( freez+1 split ! /ones1 & r5d]$ !m useless4 ,x 0 !re=e det]m9$ to con/ruct ! cornice ( ! build+1 & ! p>apet ( ! light-room ( ! ,liv] ,rock1 ( ! ,craig-,lei? qu>ry1 celebrat$ = its durability & beauty1 & = its prop]ty ( n be+ liable to be affect$ by ! action ( fro/4 ,^! /ones 7 prep>$ at ,ed9burgh dur+ ! w9t]1 & ! iron frame-"w1 & ! sev]al comp>tm5ts ( ! light-room got ready4 ,hav+ dur+ two seasons l&$ & built upw>ds ( "o ?\s& f\r hundr$ tons ( /one ^u ! rock1 :ile ! "w 0 l[ d[n 9 ! wat]1 & be=e ! beacon 0 habitable2 & f9d+ t x did n n[ require m ?an ab\t sev5 hundr$ tons to complete ! masonry1 !re 0 e prospect ( f9i%+ ! ligh?\se dur+ ! season4 ,b z ! success ( ! "w dep5d$ :olly ^u ! /ability ( ! beacon1 e possible att5tion 0 be/[$ ^u x1 & visits made to ! rock dur+ ! w9t] mon?s :5 ! wea!r w\ld all[4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,may op]ations = ! season 7 comm5c$4 ,! build+ to ! height ( fifte5 feet above ! rock 0 f\nd to be ?ickly cov]$ ) fuci3 on ! ea/ side ! gr[? ( sea-we$ 0 obs]v$ to ! full height ( ?irty feet1 & ev5 on ! top or upp] b$ ( ! la/-laid c\rse x _h gr[n s z to r5d] walk+ some:at difficult4 ,! m5 !re=e set to "w to scrape (f ! sea-we$1 9 ord] to apply ! m\lds ( ! fir/ c\rse ( ! /aircase4 ,! eng9e] _h also to fix ! position ( ! entrance-door1 :i* 0 regulat$ *iefly by ! appe>ance ( ! gr[? ( ! sea-we$ on ! build+1 indicat+ ! direction ( ! heavie/ seas1 on ! opposite side ( :i* ! door 0 plac$4 ,! artific]s n[ took p]man5t possession ( ! beacon1 & 7 all he>tily rejoic$ at gett+ rid ( ! tr\ble ( boat+1 & ! sickly motion ( ! t5d]4 ,! beacon1 :i* has be5 s (t5 nam$1 & :i* prov$ a s\rce ( s mu* com=t to ! m51 & ( b5efit & dispat* to ! "w1 /ood well dur+ ! five ye>s t its s]vices 7 requir$4 ,9 its pres5t complete =m x consi/$ ( ?ree floors1 "o ( :i* 0 occupi$ z ! cook-h\se & provision /ore2 ! second1 :i* 0 mu* encumb]$ by ! meet+ ( ! pr9cipal beams1 =m$ only two cab9s1 "o = ! eng9e]1 & ! o!r = ! =eman4 ,9 ! ?ird comp>tm5t 7 ?ree r[s or ti]s ( b$s1 capable ( accommodat+ ab\t ?irty m54 ,bel[ ^! ?ree floors 0 ! tempor>y floor at ! height ( tw5ty-five feet above ! rock1 us$ = prep>+ mort> & = ! smi?'s work%op4 ,! beacon 0 connect$ ) ! build+ by a gangway1 or bridge ( timb]4 ,mr4 ,/ev5son has giv5 an int]e/+ description ( 8 cab9 9 ! beacon1 :]e he _h pass$ _m weeks '9 a k9d ( active retirem5t1 mak+ practical exp]im5t ( ! fewness ( ! positive wants ( man4' ,?is cab9 measur$ n m ?an f\r feet ?ree in*es 9 bread? on ! floor2 & ?\gh1 f ! oblique direction ( ! beams ( ! /ructure1 x wid5$ t[>ds ! top1 yet x did n admit ( ! full expansion ( 8 arms :5 he /ood on ! floor1 :ile its l5g? 0 little m ?an suffici5t = susp5d+ a cot-b$ dur+ ! night4 ,?is 0 ti$ up to ! ro( dur+ ! day1 ?us leav+ free room = ! admission ( occasional visitants4 ',8 fold+-table 0 atta*$ ) h+es imm$iately "u ! small w9d[ ( ! ap>tm5t1 & 8 books1 b>omet]1 !rmomet]1 portmanteau1 & two or ?ree camp-/ools1 =m$ ! bulk ( 8 moveables4 ,8 diet be+ pla91 ! p>aph]nalia ( ! table 7 proportionably simple1 ?\gh e ?+ _h ! appe>ance ( com=t1 & ev5 ( neatness1 ! walls be+ cov]$ ) gre5 clo? =m$ into panels ) r$ tape1 & 8 b$ fe/oon$ ) curta9s ( yell[ cotton-/uff4 ,if1 9 speculat+ ^u ! absolute wants ( man 9 su* a /ate ( seclusion1 "o 0 r$uc$ to a s+le book1 ! ,sacr$ ,volume1 :e!r consid]$ = ! /rik+ div9ity ( its /ory--! morality ( its doctr9e--or ! important tru?s ( its ,gospel1 w\ld h prov$ by f> ! greate/ treasure4' ,z ! build+ rose 9 height ! action ( ! sea ^u x 0 reg>d$ ) mu* int]e/4 ,:5 ! w9d 0 bl[+1 accompani$ ) a heavy surf ^u ! rock1 ! appe>ance t[>ds high wat] is describ$ z be+ v gr& & wond]ful4 ,waves ( consid]able magnitude rose z high z ! solid or level ( ! entrance-door :i* 0 to ! leew>d2 b on ! w9dw>d side ! sprays flew l lightn+ up ! slop+ sides ( ! build+1 occasionally wett+ ! artific]s1 & int]rupt+ _! op]ations on ! top ( ! walls4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( ,july1 ! works be+ ne>ly complet$1 great int]e/ 0 excit$ by a visit f ,mrs4 ,dickson1 ! only daught] & surviv+ relative ( ,mr4 ,smeaton4 ,%e 0 convey$ to ! build+ on bo>d ! ',smeaton1' :i* _h be5 ?us spontane\sly nam$ by ! eng9e] f ! s5se ( ! obligation :i* a public "w ( ! description ( ! ,bell ,rock ow$ to ! lab\rs & abilities ( ,mr4 ,smeaton4 ,mrs4 ,dickson seem$ to be q ov]come ) ! _m concurr5t circum/ances :i* t5d$ 9 a peculi> mann] to revive & enliv5 ! memory ( h] dep>t$ fa!r4 ,! #bi? ( ,july 0 a day ( great rejoic+ at ! ,bell ,rock4 ,! la/ /one 0 l&$1 & t x might lose none ( its hon\rs1 ! same praam-boat ) :i* ! fir/ /one ( ! build+ _h be5 l&$ 0 appo9t$ also to c>ry ! la/4 ,! wea!r be+ rem>kably f9e1 all ! %ips & ! craft hoi/$ flags2 ! praam :i* c>ri$ ! /one 0 t[$ by ! seam5 9 gallant /yle to ! rock1 & on its arrival *e]s 7 giv5 z a f9ale to ! l&+ dep>tm5t4 ,on ! next day1 ! n9etie? or la/ c\rse ( ! build+ hav+ be5 laid1 ! l9tel ( ! light-door room1 be+ ! f9i%+ /one ( ! ext]ior walls1 0 laid ) due =mality by ! eng9e]1 :o at ! same "t pron\nc$ ! foll[+ b5$iction1 ',may ! ,great ,ar*itect ( ! ,univ]se1 "u ^: bless+ ?is p]il\s "w has prosp]$1 pres]ve x z a guide to ! m>9]4' ,! rema9+ details1 ref]r+ *iefly to ! completion ( ! int]ior ( ! ligh?\se1 are n ( g5]al int]e/4 ,!y 7 s f> advanc$ by ! end ( ! ye> #ahaj1 t ! light 0 adv]tis$ to ! public to be exhibit$ e night f ! #a/ ( ,febru>y #ahaa4 ,! adv]tisem5t /at$ ! foll[+ p>ticul>s3--',! light w be f oil1 ) reflectors plac$ at ! height ( ab\t "o hundr$ & eight feet above ! m$ium level ( ! sea4 ,to di/+ui% ?is light f o!rs on ! coa/1 x is made to revolve horizontally1 & to exhibit a bright light ( ! natural appe>ance1 & a r$-col\r$ light alt]nately1 bo? respectively atta9+ _! greate/ /r5g?1 or mo/ lum9\s effect1 9 ! space ( e f\r m9utes2 dur+ t p]iod ! bright light w1 to a di/ant obs]v]1 appe> l a /> ( ! fir/ magnitude1 :i* aft] atta9+ its full /r5g? is gradually eclips$ to total d>kness1 & is succe$$ by ! r$-col\r$ light1 :i* 9 l mann] increases to full /r5g? & aga9 dim9i%es & disappe>s4 ,! col\r$ light1 h[ev]1 be+ less p[]ful1 may n be se5 = a "t aft] ! bright light is fir/ obs]v$4 ,dur+ ! cont9uance ( foggy wea!r & %[]s ( sn[1 a bell w be toll$ by ma*9]y1 night & day1 at int]vals ( half a m9ute4' ,by ?is managem5t ! light 0 f\nd to be s p[]ful z to be se5 & readily di/+ui%$ at ! di/ance ( six or sev5 leagues 9 a cle> atmosph]e4 ,on ! exhibition ( ?is light ! float+ light 0 discont9u$4 ,hav+ ?us trac$ ! build+ ?r\gh "s ( its pr9cipal /ages1 a brief view 9 its complete /ate may "h be desirable4 ,?is ligh?\se is a circul> build+1 =ty-two feet 9 diamet] at ! base & ?irte5 feet 9 diamet] at ! top4 ,! masonry is "o hundr$ feet high1 & ! :ole /ructure1 ) ! light-room1 measures "o hundr$ & fifte5 feet4 ,! asc5t f ! rock to ! entrance-door is by a k9d ( trap-ladd]1 :i* is a difficult mode = any b ! light-keep]s1 :o are accu/om$ to x4 ,o!r p]sons are g5]ally hoi/$ up 9 a *air by a moveable crane4 ,f ! entrance a circul> /air leads to ! fir/ ap>tm5t1 :i* conta9s ! wat]1 fuel1 c4 ,! communication ) ! o!r ap>tm5ts is by means ( wood5 /eps4 ,! ?ree l[] ap>tm5ts h two w9d[s ea*1 & ! upp] rooms f\r w9d[s ea*4 ,all ! w9d[s h d\ble sa%-frames1 glaz$ ) plate-glass1 besides /orm-%utt]s ( timb]4 ,! light-room is octagonal1 twelve feet across & fifte5 feet high4 ,x is fram$ ( ca/ iron & glaz$ ) poli%$ plate-glass1 ea* plate measur+ two feet six in*es by two feet ?ree in*es1 & be+ "o-f\r? ( an in* ?ick4 ,x is cov]$ ) a dome & t]m9ates 9 a ball4 ,x is also furni%$ ) a lightn+-conductor4 ,9 ! ye> #ahaf1 ! :ole ext]ior surface hav+ become mu* discol\r$ by ! sprays ( ! sea1 0 pa9t$ 9 oil ( "o uni=m t9t4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! fir/ w9t] "s int]e/+ obs]vations 7 made ^u ! action ( ! wea!r & ! g5]al appe>ance ( ! ligh?\se4 ,dur+ r\gh wea!r a tremul\s vibratory motion 0 f\nd to affect ! :ole h\se4 ,! trem\r 0 especially felt 9 lean+ aga9/ ! walls 9 ! upp] ap>tm5ts :5 ! w9d 0 bl[+ fre%1 or :5 ! h\se 0 /ruck by a sea or by a boat com+ sudd5ly aga9/ x1 & might be comp>$ to t :i* is p]ceptible 9 a common h\se ^u ! slamm+ ( p>ticul> doors1 or :5 a c>riage makes a rattl+ noise 9 pass+ along ! /reets4 ,b ?is effect is att5d$ ) no real dang]4 ,! late em95t ,pr(essor ,robison told ,mr4 ,/ev5son t :5 he visit$ ! ,eddy/one ,ligh?\se1 some?+ hav+ =cibly /ruck ! build+1 he 0 s5sible ( a vibratory motion 9 "o ( ! rooms 9 :i* he 0 !n sitt+2 b in/ead ( produc+ any al>m 9 8 m9d1 he assur$ 8 fri5ds t x 0 to him ! /ronge/ pro( ( ! unity & connection ( ! fabric 9 all its p>ts4 ,dur+ ! /orms ( w9t]1 ,mr4 ,/ev5son says t f ! ,=f>%ire coa/ '! ligh?\se appe>$ 9 "o ( its mo/ int]e/+ aspects1 /&+ pr\dly among ! waves :ile ! sea ar\nd x 0 9 ! wilde/ /ate ( agitation4 ,! light-keep]s did n seem to be 9 motion1 b ! sc5e 0 by no means /ill1 z ! noise & da%+ ( ! waves 7 unceas+4 ,! seas rose 9 ! mo/ surpris+ mann] to ! height ( ab\t sev5ty feet above ! rock1 & aft] exp5d+ _! =ce 9 a p]p5dicul> direction1 fell 9 great quantities r\nd ! base ( ! ligh?\se1 :ile consid]able portions ( ! spray 7 se5 adh]+1 z x 71 to ! build+1 & ga!r+ d[n its sides 9 ! /ate ( fro? z :ite z sn[4 ,"s ( ! great waves bur/ & 7 exp5d$ ^u ! rock be=e !y rea*$ ! build+2 :ile o!rs /ruck ! base1 & embrac+ ! walls1 met on ! we/]n side ( ! h\se1 :]e !y da%$ toge!r & produc$ a mo/ surpris+ quantity ( foam4' ,! regulations obs]v$ 9 att5d+ ! ,bell-,rock may be briefly /at$4 ,! ne>e/ t[n to ! ligh?\se is t ( ,ab]bro?ock1 or ,arbroa?1 9 ,=f>%ire1 ab\t elev5 miles di/ant4 ,a h&some cutt]1 call$ ',! ,ph>os1' is /ation$ "h z a t5d] to ! ligh?\se4 ,?is vessel goes (f to ! rock e =tnight1 or 9 ! c\rse ( ea* set ( spr+-tides1 to relieve ! light-keep]s & to supply ! h\se ) fuel1 provisions1 c4 ,!re are f\r ligh?\se-keep]s1 ?ree ( :om are always on duty1 :ile "o is a%ore4 ,if ! wea!r (f]s no imp$im5t1 ! light-keep]s are ea* six weeks at ! rock & a =tnight a%ore ) _! families4 ,! sal>ies are f fifty to sixty gu9eas p] annum1 ) a /at$ all[ance = ea* man ( bread1 beef1 butt]1 oatmeal1 vegetables1 & small-be]1 ) f\rp5ce a day extra = tea1 c4 ,!y h also a suit ( uni=m clo!s e ?ird ye>4 ,mr4 ,/ev5son says t ! light-keep]s 71 ^u ! :ole1 pleas$ ) _! situation1 & talk$ 9 a feel+ mann] ( ! h>d%ips ( m>9]s :om !y (t5 saw toss$ ab\t dur+ ! /orms ( w9t]4 ,accord+ to ! pres5t sy/em ( ,nor!rn ligh?\ses1 ! wat*es 9 ! light-room are z regul>ly reliev$ z on %ip-bo>d4 ,! keep] is liable to imm$iate dismissal if he leave ! light-room be=e be+ regul>ly reliev$2 & = secur+ ord] & regul>ity 9 ?is respect a "t-piece is plac$ 9 ea* light-room1 & bells are hung 9 ! b$-rooms ( ! dwell+-h\ses4 ,at "s ( ! /ations ! light-room & ! b$-rooms are connect$ by a set ( tubes1 by bl[+ g5tly into :i* ! keep]s on wat* c s\nd an al>um-bell 9 ! room bel[1 & r\se 8 comrade to *ange gu>d4 ,! man bel[ answ]s ?is call by a c\nt]bla/ ?r\gh ! tubes1 & a small index 9 ! light-room is !reby rais$ to signify t ! signal has be5 obey$4 ,at ,arbroa? suitable build+s are erect$ = ! light-keep]s' families1 ) ea* a piece ( enclos$ gr\nd1 & a seat 9 ! p>i%-*ur*4 ,connect$ ) ^! build+s are /ore-h\ses1 a room = ! ma/] & crew ( ! att5d+ vessels1 & a signal-t[] fifty feet high1 at ! top ( :i* is a small obs]vatory furni%$ ) an excell5t a*romatic telescope1 a flag-/aff1 & a copp] signal-ball measur+ eighte5 feet 9 diamet]4 ,by means ( ?is & a correspond+ ball at ! ligh?\se1 daily signals are kept up to signify :5 all is well4 ,%\ld ! ball at ! rock be all[$ to rema9 d[n1 z is ! case :5 any?+ is p>ticul>ly want$1 or 9 ! ev5t ( sickness1 ! t5d] imm$iately puts out to sea4 ,! exp5se ( ?is great national und]tak+1 toge!r ) ! build+s at ,arbroa?1 ! att5d+ vessel1 & ! fir/ ye>'s /ores1 am\nt$ to ab\t sixty-"o ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & fifty p\nds4 ,we _c close ?is notice ( ! ,bell ,rock ligh?\se )\t record+ a curi\s accid5t :i* occurr$ on ! night ( ! #i? ,febru>y1 #ahcb1 ab\t #aj o'clock4 ,a l>ge-h]r+ gull /ruck "o ( ! s\?-ea/]n mullions ( ! light-room ) su* =ce1 t two ( ! poli%$ plates ( glass measur+ ab\t two feet squ>e & a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick1 7 %iv]$ to pieces1 & scatt]$ ov] ! floor1 to ! great al>m ( ! keep] on wat*1 & ! o!r two inmates1 :o ru%$ in/antly into ! light-room4 ,x happ5$ =tunately1 t al?\gh "o ( ! r$ %ad$ sides ( ! reflector-frame 0 pass+ 9 its revolution at ! mom5t1 ! pieces ( brok5 glass 7 s m9ute1 t no injury 0 done to ! valuable r$ glass4 ,! gull 0 f\nd to measure five feet betwe5 ! tips ( ! w+s4 ,9 its gullet 0 f\nd a l>ge h]r+1 & 9 its ?roat a piece ( plate-glass ab\t an in* 9 l5g?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:ile ! ,bell-,rock ligh?\se 0 9 progress1 ,mr4 ,/ev5son 0 (t5 /ruck ) ! frequ5t & di/ress+ occurr5ce ( %ipwrecks at ! ,c>r ,rock4 ,! ,c>r =ms ! seaw>d t]m9ation ( a reef ( sunk5 rocks :i* appe> at l[ wat]1 ext5d+ ab\t a mile & ?ree qu>t]s f ! %ore ( ,fif5ess1 on ! nor!rn side ( ! entrance ( ! ,fri? ( ,=?4 ,! v dang]\s position ( ?is rock1 z a turn+ po9t 9 ! navigation ( ! nor!rn-b\nd %ipp+ ( ! ,fri?1 requir$ t ?is rock1 9 connection ) ! sev]al ligh?\ses ( ! ,bell ,rock1 ,isle ( ,may1 & ,in*kei?1 %\ld be made z easily di/+ui%able to ! m>9] z possible4 ,9 ! c\rse ( n9e ye>s no few] ?an sixte5 vessels _h be5 ei!r lo/ or /r&$ on ! ,c>r ,rocks4 ,!re=e1 9 #ahji1 moor+s 7 laid d[n = a float+ buoy1 'b ow+ to ! heavy swell ( sea & ! rocky s&-/one bottom on ?is "p ( ! coa/1 x 0 f\nd h>dly possible to prev5t ! buoy f occasionally drift+1 ev5 al?\gh x _h be5 atta*$ to "p ( ! great *a9 made f b>-iron an in* & a half squ>e1 ) :i* ! ,bell-,rock float+-light _h be5 moor$ = upw>ds ( f\r ye>s )\t injury4 ,! moor+s ( ! ,c>r ,rock buoy1 f ! cont9ual rubb+ ^u ! s&-/one bottom1 7 worn ?r\gh ) ! friction 9 ! c\rse ( t5 mon?s2 & dur+ ! f\r ye>s :i* x rode "h1 ?\gh regul>ly exam9$ & replac$ 9 ! prop] season ( ! ye>1 x 0 no less ?an five times adrift1 to ! great inconv5i5ce & haz>d ( %ipp+4' ,su* be+ ! case1 x 0 resolv$1 h[ev] difficult & p]il\s ! und]tak+1 to erect a beacon ( masonry ^u ! rock4 ,! l5g? ( ! ,c>r ,rock1 f nor? to s\?1 measures sev5ty-five feet1 b its greate/ bread?1 z se5 at l[-wat] ( spr+-tides1 is only tw5ty-?ree feet2 h5ce x 0 n possible to obta9 a base = a build+ ( great] diamet] ?an eighte5 feet4 ,! surface ( ! rock 0 also s rugg$ t x 0 necess>y to excavate "p ( ! f\ndation-pit ( ! build+ to ! dep? ( sev5 feet4 ,! difficulties 7 /ill fur!r increas$ on acc\nt ( ! f\ndation be+ p>tly "u ! level ( ! l[e/ tides1 s t a c(f]-dam 0 requir$4 ,x 0 fur!r necess>y1 aft] ea* tide's "w1 to remove & c>ry a%ore "p ( ?is c(f]-dam2 s t on ! return ( ! workm5 at ebb-tide mu* "t 0 lo/ 9 readju/+ ! c(f]-dam1 & 9 pump+ ! wat] out ( ! f\ndation-pit4 ,"s idea may be =m$ ( ! difficulties att5d+ ! e>ly /ages ( ?is "w1 f ! fact t dur+ ! :ole ( ! fir/ season1 or summ] ( #ahac1 ! workm5 c\ld n comm& m ?an =ty-"o h\rs' "w ^u ! rock2 dur+ ! second season ! "t 0 only fifty-?ree h\rs4 ,^! two ye>s 7 entirely occupi$ 9 excavat+ & prep>+ ! f\ndation1 & 9 lay+ t5 /ones1 or ! half c\rse ( masonry1 :i* br\ght ! f\ndation to a uni=m level = ! fir/ entire c\rse ( ! build+4 ,mr4 ,/ev5son contra/s ?is sl[ progress ) t made at ! ,bell ,rock dur+ ! fir/ two seasons4 ,al?\gh ?is build+ 0 situat$ twelve miles f ! %ore1 ?ree c\rses 7 erect$1 ! diamet] ( ! base be+ =ty-two feet1 besides ! erection ( a beacon-h\se or b>rack = ! workm54 ',! e/abli%m5t = ! works at ! ,bell ,rock 0 ( c\rse on a mu* l>g] scale ?an t ( ! ,c>r ,rock2 b /ill ! latt] 0 equally effective1 & ! same app>atus1 artific]s1 & seam51 7 employ$ at bo?4' ,dur+ ! ?ird ye>'s "w1 ! second c\rse ( ! masonry 0 complet$ ^u ! ,c>r2 & n9e /ones ( ! ?ird c\rse 7 laid by ! #crd ( ,octob]1 :5 a heavy gr\nd-swell oblig$ ! workm5 precipitately to leave ! rock & take to _! boats4 ,be=e ! cem5t 0 fix$1 ! surge ( ! sea _h wa%$ x out2 ! oak5 tr5ails 7 wr5*$ (f1 & ! :ole ( ! n9e blocks ( /one swept (f ! rock & lo/ 9 deep wat]1 ?\gh !y _h be5 completely dove-tail$ & fitt$ on ! same pr9ciples z ! masonry ( ! ,bell-,rock ligh?\se1 :]e n a s+le /one 0 lo/ dur+ ! :ole progress ( ! "w4 ,dur+ ! f\r? season1 ! op]ations 7 ret>d$ by sev]al unt[>d accid5ts4 ,! w9d & ! waves sometimes de/roy$ 9 a mom5t ! lab\r ( weeks2 b by d9t ( skill & untir+ pati5ce & indu/ry1 !y succe$$ by ! mon? ( ,novemb] 9 complet+ ! sixte5? c\rse1 :i* rais$ ! build+ to ! height ( ab\t tw5ty feet4 ,! fif? ye> 0 p>ticul>ly un=tunate4 ,! :ole ( ! masonry hav+ be5 complet$1 ! coa/ 0 visit$ 9 ,novemb] ) a gale ( w9d1 accompani$ ) a heavy swell ( sea1 :i* wa%$ d[n ! upp] "p ( ! build+1 & r$uc$ x to ! height ( ! fif? c\rse1 :i* =m$ "p ( ! f\r? ye>'s "w4 ,x 0 !re=e det]m9$ to modify ! orig9al design ( ! "w4 ,in/ead ( complet+ ?is beacon ) masonry1 & provid+ ! ma*9e & l>ge bell1 :i* 0 to h measur$ five feet across ! m\?1 to be toll$ by ! alt]nate rise & fall ( ! tide1 x 0 n[ det]m9$ to erect six columns ( ca/ iron ^u ! rema9+ c\rses ( masonry1 to t]m9ate 9 a ca/ iron ball ( ! diamet] ( ?ree feet1 =m$ 9 ribs1 elevat$ ab\t tw5ty-five feet above ! m$ium level ( ! sea4 ,?is beacon 0 complet$ 9 ,septemb] #ahba4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #e3 ,l9es writt5 by ,sir ,walt] ,scott 9 ! ,album ( ! ,bell-,rock ,ligh?\se1 :5 he visit$ x 9 #ahad4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,ligh?\ses ,,on ,,s& ,,& ,,ca/-,,iron ,,ligh?\ses4 ,float+ ,lights--,objections to--,mit*ell's ,screw-moor+s-- ,exp]im5ts on ! ,mapl9 ,s&--,f\ndation--,erection ( ,screw-pile ,ligh?\se--,details ( ! ,wyre ,ligh?\se--,propos$ ,ligh?\se on ! ,goodw9 ,s&s--,metallic ,ligh?\ses--,advantages ( ,metal ov] ,/one--,details ( ,ca/-iron ,ligh?\se at ,morant ,po9t1 ,jamaica4 ,^? dang]\s approa*es to a coa/ :i*1 f ! nature ( ! soil1 h n till v lately admitt$ ( ! erection ( a p]man5t ligh?\se1 are usually indicat$ to ! navigator by float+ lights2 b ^! be+ no?+ m ?an l>ge lant]ns susp5d$ 9 ! rigg+ ( a vessel1 necess>ily possess b feeble illum9at+ p[]4 ,?is p[] is /ill fur!r dim9i%$ 9 a gale ( w9d1 :5 x is mo/ want$1 by ! pit*+ & fl\nd]+ ab\t ( ! vessel3 e n[ & !n %e is subm]g$ 9 ! tr\gh ( ! sea1 cov]$ ) spray & drift1 or1 :at is mo/ to be dread$1 %e is liable to be bl[n away f h] moor+s2 an accid5t :i* has be5 productive ( ! mo/ disa/r\s consequ5ces to life & prop]ty4 ,! details already giv5 w convey "s notion ( ! difficulty & dang] ( plant+ a ligh?\se on ! solid rock 9 a /ormy sea2 we may naturally suppose t ?is difficulty & dang] mu/ be enorm\sly increas$ 9 erect+ a p]man5t resid5ce on ! %ift+ s&s4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 is by no means ! case2 "o ( ! rec5t triumphs ( eng9e]+ has prov$ t x is n always folly to build a h\se ^u ! s&4 ,?is rem>kable result has be5 accompli%$ *iefly by means ( ,mit*ell's screw-moor+1 an in/rum5t :i* consi/s ess5tially ( an enorm\s ca/-iron screw ( ab\t "o turn & a half1 hav+ a holl[ cyl9drical c5tre2 a wr\ght-iron sp9dle passes ?r\gh ! cyl9drical socket2 x is some:at tap]+ 9 =m1 & :5 driv5 up tight is fix$ !reto by a =elock pass+ ?r\gh bo?2 x is =m$ ) a squ>e head to receive ! key = screw+ x into ! gr\nd4 ,x is also furni%$ ) a coll> ( wr\ght iron fitt$ s z to turn freely on ! upp] "p ( ! %aft ( ! sp9dle bel[ ! coll>4 ,! att5tion ( ! ,tr9ity ,h\se hav+ be5 call$ to ?is in/rum5t1 x 0 consid]$ applicable to ! e/abli%m5t ( ligh?\ses on s&s2 & accord+ly a s]ies ( exp]im5ts 0 und]tak5 at ! co/ ( t hon\rable body4 ,! spot select$ = ! purpose 0 on ! v]ge ( ! ,mapl9 ,s& ly+ at ! m\? ( ! ,?ames1 ab\t tw5ty miles bel[ ! ,nore1 =m+ ! nor? side ( ! ,sw9 or ,k+'s ,*annel1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( its dep?1 is mu* frequ5t$ by l>ge %ips1 z also by colli]s & o!r vessels f ! nor? sea4 ,! s& is %ift+1 & is dry at l[ wat] spr+-tides1 & hi!rto a float+ light has be5 ma9ta9$ ^u x4 ,on ?is spot x 0 propos$ to erect a fix$ ligh?\se ( timb] fram+1 ) a lant]n & resid5ce = ! att5dants4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,augu/ #ahch1 op]ations 7 comm5c$ by ins]t+ n9e ( ,mit*ell's pat5t moor+-screws1 ea* f\r feet & a half 9 diamet]1 & furni%$ ) %afts ( wr\ght iron ab\t tw5ty-five feet 9 l5g? & five in*es ?ick4 ,"o ( ^! screws s]v$ z a c5tre to ! rema9d]1 :i* occupi$ ! angles ( an octagon =ty-two feet 9 diamet]4 ,! screws 7 turn$ into ! s&s to ! dep? ( tw5ty-"o feet & a half1 ! upp] extremities be+ left /&+ ab\t five feet above ! surface ( ! s&s4 ,= ! purpose ( fix+ ! screws1 a /age or raft ( timb]1 ?irty feet squ>e1 0 float$ ov] ! spot1 ) a cap/an 9 ! c5tre1 :i* 0 made to fit on ! top ( ! iron %aft1 & firmly key$ to x4 ,a p[] ( ab\t ?irty m5 0 employ$ = driv+ ! screws1 & _! lab\rs 7 cont9u$ until _! unit$ =ce c\ld sc>cely turn ! cap/an4 ,?is /age or raft1 :i* _h be5 =m$ 9 two ?icknesses cross+ ea* o!r at "r angles1 & bolt$ at _! int]section1 01 z a precaution>y measure1 all[$ to rema94 ,x cov]$ ! :ole site )9 ! piles1 & also ext5d$ "s di/ance beyond !m4 ,a curb ab\t eighte5 in*es high 0 rais$ r\nd ?is /age2 on its surface 0 arrang$ a quantity ( bru%wood1 & !n ab\t two hundr$ tons ( r\gh /one1 :i* sunk ! /age into ! s& & prev5t$ x f be+ displac$4 ,betwe5 ! spaces ( ! /age & ! bru%wood ! s& 0 all[$ to wa% its way1 & x soon fill$ ! int]/ices ( ! /one4 ,! :ole mass soon became emb$d$ bel[ ! surface ( ! s&1 & gave consid]able lat]al support to ! piles1 & =m$ a solid body = ! wat] to wa% ^u4 ,9 ?is /ate ! :ole 0 all[$ to rema9 = ab\t two ye>s1 dur+ :i* "t e *ange 9 ! surface ( ! s& 0 obs]v$1 & al?\gh e>ly 9 ! ye> #ahci viol5t /orms occurr$1 yet ! screw-piles /ood firmly1 & ! s& at no "t 0 l[]$ m ?an ?ree feet4 ,9 ,augu/ #ahdj ! raft 0 f\nd to h completely settl$ d[n1 ! piles 7 z firm z if !y _h be5 screw$ into clay2 a ligh?\se 0 !re=e erect$ )9 ! %ort space ( ?ree mon?s2 & on ! #af? ,febru>y1 #ahda1 a dioptric fix$ light 0 exhibit$ (f ?is dang]\s spot1 & 0 visible t5 miles (f 9 all directions4 ,b :ile ! prep>atory /eps = ?is ligh?\se 7 be+ tak51 a screw-pile ligh?\se 0 begun & complet$ at ,port ,fleetwood on ! ,wyre1 ne> ,lanca/]2 :i* be+ ! fir/ ( ! k9d ev] con/ruct$1 des]ves p>ticul> notice4 ,! prep>atory /ages 7 ( a simil> nature to ^? already describ$4 ,! f\ndation 0 =m$ ( sev5 screw-piles1 six occupy+ ! angles ( a hexagon =ty-six feet 9 diamet]1 & ! sev5? be+ plac$ 9 ! c5tre4 ,f ea* screw proce$$ a pile fifte5 feet 9 l5g?1 at ! upp] end ( :i* 0 ano!r screw = secur+ a wood5 column4 ,^! columns 7 prep>$ ( ,baltic timb]2 ! "o 9 ! c5tre 0 fifty-six feet1 & ea* ( ! rema9d] =ty-six feet 9 l5g?1 b\nd firmly r\nd ) iron hoops & coat$ ) pit*4 ,! fram+ ^u :i* ! h\se /&s is firmly secur$ r\nd ! c5tre column & to ! heads ( ! out] columns by means ( holl[ ca/-iron capitals let d[n ov] ! heads ( ! columns & secur$ ) screw-bolts4 ,to give lat]al /r5g? to ! build+1 r\nd iron angle-braces 7 appli$1 by :i* means a resi/+ p[] equal to at lea/ ?ree hundr$ & fifty tons is pres5t$ 9 e direction4 ,! plat=m ^u :i* ! h\se /&s is tw5ty-sev5 feet 9 diamet]4 ,! dwell+-h\se is tw5ty feet 9 diamet]1 & n9e feet high3 x has an outside door1 & ?ree w9d[s1 & is divid$ into two ap>tm5ts1 "o hav+ a fire-place2 ! floor is til$1 & ! walls & ceil+ la!d & /ucco$4 ,access to ! plat=m is secur$ by means ( a ,jacob's ladd] ( wr\ght iron secur$ to "o ( ! columns3 access to ! lant]n is by a w9d+ /air )9 ! h\se4 ,f ! summit ( ! h\se rises ! lant]n2 x is twelve-sid$1 t5 feet 9 diamet]1 & eight feet high4 ,! light is ?us elevat$ ab\t =ty-six feet above l[-wat] level4 ,x is ( ! dioptric k9d1 & is bright1 /eady1 & uni=m1 rang+ ov] an horizon ( eight miles1 & visible at ! di/ance ( t5 miles f a coa/]'s deck4 ,dur+ foggy wea!r a bell is toll$ by ma*9]y4 ,tide-"t = vessels ( twelve feet draft is also d5ot$ by signals4 ,signals put out by vessels requir+ a ,wyre pilot w also be und]/ood at ?is ligh?\se1 :]e correspond+ signals are hoi/$ until ! pilot is provid$4 ,?is admirable & useful /ructure 0 erect$ 9 two ( ! %orte/ day mon?s ( ! ye>1 9 :i* "t day-light did n occur at any l[-wat] p]iod2 ! workm5 !re=e _h to dep5d on tor*es & moonlight4 ,nor is ! portability ( ?is =m ( build+ its lea/ advantage3 %\ld !re occur any local *anges :i* might ?reat5 ! safety ( ! h\se1 x c be tak5 d[n1 & erect$ 9 ano!r site )9 a mon?4 ,p]haps "o ( ! bolde/ s*emes ev] devis$ = ligh?\ses 0 ! /ructure propos$ to be erect$ by ,mr4 ,bu%1 on a plan pat5t$ by him1 on ! ,goodw9 ,s&s1 or on ! ,v>ne 9 ! *annel betwe5 ,folke/one & ,cape ,grisnez1 9 f\r fa?oms wat]4 ,?is plan1 0 recomm5d$ to ! consid]ation ( p>liam5t by sev]al m]*ants1 %ip-own]s1 & o!r influ5tial p]sons4 ,! build+ propos$ to be call$ ',! ,light ( all ,nations1' 0 to consi/ ( a ,doric column "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five feet high support+ a lant]n twelve feet 9 diamet]1 surm\nt$ by a colossal /atue ( ! ,que51 h] sceptre be+ ! po9t ( a lightn+-conductor4 ,?is column 0 to rise f a base "o hundr$ feet 9 height1 & fifty 9 diamet]1 to be =m$ by a caisson compos$ ( ca/-iron plates bolt$ toge!r3 ! "p "u wat] 0 to be divid$ into f\r pyramidal *amb]s1 op5+ into & support+ "o ano!r2 ! l[] "o re/+ on ! rock b5ea? ! s&s1 & ! :ole =m+ a conical core to ! cyl9drical base4 ,! only "p ( ?is plan t 0 execut$ 0 ! ca/-iron caisson1 :i* 0 deposit$ 9 its place among ! s&s4 ,9 ?is situation1 dur+ "o d>k & /ormy night1 x 0 /ruck by a %ip & %iv]$ to a ?\s& fragm5ts4 ,?is unt[>d accid5t has l$ to ! ab&onm5t ( ! design4 ,"o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ?is c\ntry is ! mode 9 :i* we lay out ! m9]al weal? :i* nature has be/[$ ^u u s lib]ally 9 ! %ape ( coal & iron4 ,) ! assi/ance ( ! =m] we m\ld ! latt] into a ?\s& %apes ( usefulness1 neatness1 & durability1 & s mu* atta*$ are we to ?is mat]ial1 t x is daily sup]s$+ ! use ( ! m cumbr\s wood & /one1 & o!r sub/ances :i* 7 once 9 great dem&4 ,iron furni%es mo/ ( ! multif>i\s in/rum5ts requir$ 9 ! me*anical & agricultural arts--x m9i/]s alike to w> & to peace1 by furni%+ ! sword & ! pl\gh%>e4 ,x supplies "s ( ! mo/ useful dome/ic app>atus = ! kit*51 ! p>l\r1 & ! b$-room1 & n[ ev5 ! b$/ead itself may be =m$ ( iron4 ,x has be5 long us$ 9 "s ( our great public works3 we h iron roads--iron bridges--iron /atues--/eam-boats ( iron--h\ses ( iron1 & la/ly1 iron ligh?\ses4 ,! sugge/ion ( metallic ligh?\ses orig9at$ a few ye>s ago ) ,capta9 ,sir ,samuel ,br[n1 :5 x 0 propos$ to place a ligh?\se on ! ,wolf ,rock ne> ,l&'s ,end1 a position :]e x w\ld be expos$ to ! mo/ viol5t /orms ( ! ,atlantic4 ,a plan = ! erection ( a /one ligh?\se on ?is po9t _h already be5 drawn up by ,mr4 ,/ev5son1 :i* plan1 ,capta9 ,br[n ?9ks w\ld require fifte5 ye>s = its execution1 & co/ "o hundr$ & fifty ?\s& p\nds4 ,capta9 ,br[n und]took to erect "o ( bronze n9ety feet high = fifte5 ?\s& p\nds1 & to complete x 9 f\r mon?s4 ,?is plan1 f :atev] cause1 0 n ent]ta9$1 & ) ! exception ( a small ligh?\se erect$ on ! ,graves5d pi]1 metallic ligh?\ses excit$ no att5tion until ! ye> #ahdj1 :5 application 0 made to ,mr4 ,alex&] ,gordon1 ! em95t eng9e]1 by ! commission]s appo9t$ by ! ,h\se ( ,assembly1 9 ! isl& ( ,jamaica1 to light a dang]\s po9t 9 t isl&1 call$ ,morant ,po9t1 = ! erection ( a suitable ligh?\se at ! smalle/ possible co/4 ,on ?is occasion ,mr4 ,gordon propos$ ! erection ( a ca/-iron /ructure1 resembl+ 9 outl9e t ( ! ,celtic t[]s ( ,irel&4 ,8 plans & e/imates hav+ be5 accept$1 !y 7 execut$ ) rem>kable cel]ity2 & f an acc\nt furni%$ by ,mr4 ,a4 ,r4 ,r5ton1 7! manag] ( ! factory at :i* ! "w = ! ligh?\se 0 done17 we d]ive mo/ ( ! foll[+ p>ticul>s4 ,! advantage :i* iron1 :5 n 9 contact ) sea-wat]1 possesses ov] /one or o!r mat]ials1 is t ^u a giv5 base a mu* l>g] int]nal capacity = dwell+s & /ories c be obta9$1 ) equal /ability4 ,) ?is mat]ial plates c be ca/ 9 l>ge surfaces1 & ) b few jo9ts4 ,a sy/em ( bond+ ! plates may also be adopt$1 :i* w ensure ! p]fect comb9ation ( e "p1 s z to =m an entire mass1 & ?us ! be/ =m = /r5g? & /ability c easily be obta9$4 ,f ! comp>atively small bulk & weight ( ! compon5t p>ts ( ! /ructure great facilities are af=d$ = transport+ & erect+ x4 ,?us1 9 less ?an ?ree mon?s f ! date ( ! contract1 ! ligh?\se ab\t to be describ$ 0 ca/ & erect$ on ! contractor's premises1 & x 0 expect$ to h ! light exhibit$ 9 ,jamaica 9 ?ree mon?s m4 ,! :ole exp5se 0 said n to exce$ "o-?ird ! co/ ( a simil> build+ 9 /one4 ,! /ructure 0 to be f\nd$ on a coral rock a little above ! level ( ! sea2 ! face ( ! rock is ab\t t5 feet bel[ ! surface ( ! s&1 & 0 to be excavat$ to receive ! base ( ! t[]1 re/+ on & cas$ ) granite1 to prev5t ! natural filtration ( ! sea-wat] f act+ ^u ! iron4 ,?is c\rse ( granite is groov$ to receive ! flange ( ! l[] plates ( ! t[]1 f :i* lightn+-conductors are to be cont9u$ to ! sea4 ,! t[] is ( c\rse itself a lightn+-conductor ( ! be/ k9d4 ,! diamet] ( ! t[]-%aft is eighte5 feet six in*es at its base1 dim9i%+ to elev5 feet "u ! cap2 x is =m$ ( n9e ti]s ( plates ea* t5 feet 9 height1 v>y+ f "o to ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* ?ick4 ,! circumf]5ce is =m$ ( elev5 plates at ! base1 & n9e at ! top3 !y are ca/ ) a flange all r\nd ! inn] edges2 & :5 put toge!r ^! flanges =m ! jo9ts1 :i* are fa/5$ toge!r ) nut & screw-bolts1 & caulk$ ) iron cem5t4 ,! cap consi/s ( t5 radiat+ plates1 :i* =m ! floor ( ! light-room2 !y are screw$ to ! t[] ^u tw5ty pi]c$ brackets1 & are f9i%$ by an iron rail+4 ,! l[] portion1 namely1 tw5ty-sev5 feet1 is fill$ up ) masonry & concrete1 weigh+ ab\t ?ree hundr$ tons1 & s connect$ ) ! rock itself z to =m a solid core ( resi/ance4 ,! rema9+ portion ( ! build+ is divid$ into /ore-rooms & b]?s = ! att5dants 9 ! ligh?\se4 ,! light-room consi/s ( ca/-iron plates five feet high1 on :i* are fix$ metal sa%-b>s fill$ ) plate-glass2 ^!1 t]m9at+ ) a po9t1 are cov]$ ) a copp] ro(1 :5ce rises a %ort lightn+-rod1 trebly gilt at ! po9t4 ,! light is ( ! revolv+ k9d1 consi/+ ( fifte5 ,arg& lamps & reflectors1 five 9 ea* side ( an equilat]al triangle1 & s plac$ z to con/itute a cont9u\s light1 b ) p]iodical fla%es4 ,! ,admiralty notice :i* ann\nc$ ! light = exhibition on ! #a/ ,novemb]1 #ahdb1 /ates t ! c5tre ( ! light is n9ety-six feet above ! level ( ! sea1 & 9 cle> wea!r ! light c be se5 f a di/ance ( tw5ty-"o miles4 ,to pres]ve z l[ a temp]ature z ! circum/ances & climate w p]mit1 ! iron %ell 0 l9$ ) a non-conduct+ mat]ial1 z slate or wood1 leav+ an annul> int]/ice1 ?r\gh :i* a con/ant v5tilation is effect$1 s z to c>ry (f ! excessive heat4 ,to pres]ve ! two l[] ti]s f ru/+1 !y are coat$ ) coal-t>4 ,! t[] itself is pa9t$ :ite4 ,! only bras+ :i* has be5 ?\ght necess>y is a few cross ti]s at ea* horizontal jo9t1 ov] :i* ! iron-tongu$ wood-floors are laid4 ,! sev]al rooms are provid$ ) fire ap]tures1 fitt$ ) oak sa%es fill$ ) plate-glass4 ,! approa* to ! doorway1 :i* is ab\t t5 feet above ! level ( ! s&1 is by means ( /one-/eps2 ladd]-irons are also provid$ 9 ! ev5t ( ! /one-/eps be+ c>ri$ away by a hurricane4 ,ov] ! entrance is a l>ge tablet ( iron support$ by two small] ones2 & on !m1 on bas-relief1 are inscrib$ ! date ( erection 7#ahdb71 ! names ( ! commission]s1 ( ! eng9e]1 f\nd]1 c4 ,! :ole ( ! ca/+s 7 execut$ at ! f\ndry 7late ,bramah & ,rob9son's7 at ,pimlico1 & put toge!r 9 ! y>d ( ! manufactory1 prior to _! removal to ,jamaica1 :]e ! "w 0 re-erect$ by a d]rick & crab f ! inside1 )\t ! aid ( any ext]nal scaffold+4 ,x is said t ! :ole exp5se ( ! ligh?\se1 includ+ ! passage ov] ! ,atlantic1 did n exce$ sev5 ?\s& p\nds1 & t ! entire weight ( ! iron-"w is ab\t "o hundr$ tons4 ,! masonry 0 also prep>$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 :i* 7f ! abs5ce ( build+-/one 9 ,jamaica7 0 f\nd to be m economical ?an if ! "w _h be5 done on ! spot4 ,mr4 ,grove1 z cl]k ( ! works1 & two lab\r+ eng9e]s1 :o _h att5d$ to ! execution ( ! "w 9 ,engl&1 7 s5t out = ! purpose ( erect+ ! ligh?\se1 & ! necess>y app>atus ^u ! site :i* _h be5 select$4 ,! elevation ( ! ligh?\se above ! level ( ! sea is "o hundr$ & ?ree feet4 ,s9ce ! completion ( ?is ligh?\se1 ,mr4 ,gordon has be5 employ$ by ! ,ordnance ,(fice to furni% designs & specifications = a t[] on ! same pr9ciple1 b ( l>g] dim5sions & improv$ details1 :i* is to be erect$ on ,gibbs' ,hill1 9 ! isl& ( ,b]muda4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,ligh?\se ,,sy/em4 ,imp]fect ,illum9ation ( ! old ,ligh?\ses--,fir/ ,improvem5ts--,! ,arg& ,lamp & ,reflect+ ,mirrors--,revolv+ ,lights--,! ,catoptric ,sy/em--,v>ieties ( ,lights--,! ,dioptric ,sy/em--,its ,details--,introduction ( ?is ,me?od into ,great ,brita9--,comp>ison ( ! two ,me?ods--,! ,drummond & ,voltaic ,lights--,gurney's ,lamp--,capta9 ,basil ,hall's ,exp]im5ts--,v5tilation ( ,ligh?\ses4 ,s9ce !re is some?+ m or less common 9 ! modes ( light+ & 9 ! g5]al economy ( all ligh?\ses1 a g5]al view ( ! subject is likely to prove ( m int]e/ ?an p>ticul> details4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! rotundity ( ! e>?1 ! di/ance at :i* a beacon light ceases to be visible dep5ds ^u its elevation4 ,! height to :i* a ligh?\se may be c>ri$ is a simple "q ( exp5se4 ,! great] "p ( ! ph>os ( ! ,romans 7 mu* high] ?an ! mo/ celebrat$ mod]n t[]s4 ,yet1 z x respects optical effect1 ! feeble rays :i* 7 diffus$ f ! wood or coal-fires at _! summits1 c\ld nev] h trav]s$ ! ?ick fogs :i* 9 all climates occasionally ov]spread ! l[] regions ( ! atmosph]e4 ,nev]!less1 z to ! /r5g? ( ! light1 ! mod]n ligh?\ses 71 until lately1 little sup]ior to ! anci5t4 ,at ! "t ( ! erection ( ! ,eddy/one ligh?\se civil eng9e]+ 0 greatly 9 advance ( practical optics4 ,t noble /ructure 0 light$ by tall[ c&les1 )\t reflectors or ! aid ( any k9d ( app>atus = conc5trat+ ! light4 ',= m ?an half a c5tury ?is feeble light 0 all t direct$ ! m>9] 9 ! v high-road ( comm]ce4' ,s late z ! ye> #ahaa x 0 light$ ) tw5ty-f\r wax c&les4 ,9 #ahab ! ,liz>d ligh?\se1 c]ta9ly "o ( ! mo/ important 9 ! k+dom1 0 ma9ta9$ ) coal-fires4 ,! ,bid/one1 a lead+ light to ! port ( ,liv]pool1 0 furni%$ ) an enorm\s sp\t lamp1 ) a wick twelve in*es 9 wid?1 ! smoke f :i* 0 s great z to completely d>k5 ! upp] surface ( its reflector4 ,! fir/ important improvem5t 0 ! introduction ( t admirable inv5tion ! ,arg& ,lamp1 ) a d\ble /ream ( air4 ,f\r or five ( ^! lamps w\ld d\btless give z mu* light z ! l>ge fires kept by ! ,romans2 b if ^? lamps are furni%$ ) reflect+ mirrors1 ! lum9\s effect is prodigi\sly increas$4 ,! light ( inflam$ bodies spreads itself equally 9 all directions4 ,"o portion is absorb$ by ! gr\nd1 ano!r is dissipat$ 9 space4 ,! navigator1 ^: r\te we are anxi\s to enlight51 pr(its only by ! rays t proce$ 9 a horizontal direction1 or ne>ly s1 f ! lamp to ! sea4 ,b su* ( ! horizontal rays z are direct$ t[>ds ! l& are ( c\rse entirely lo/ to ! purposes ( ! ligh?\se4 ,?is zone ( horizontal rays =ms n only a v small portion ( ! total light1 b has also ! s]i\s inconv5i5ce ( becom+ mu* weak] by div]g5ce1 s z to convey to a di/ance b a v feeble light4 ,to de/roy ?is div]g5ce1 & to pr(it by all ! light ( ! lamp1 0 ! task to be accompli%$1 be=e ligh?\ses c\ld be r5d]$ useful to ! full ext5t4 ,! application to ?is purpose ( deep metallic mirrors1 kn[n "u ! "n ( p>abolic mirrors1 has be5 f\nd effectual to ! purposes requir$4 ,:5 a lamp is plac$ 9 ! focus ( su* a mirror1 all ! rays :i* emanate f x are reflect$ f ! poli%$ surface1 & conv]ge 9 "o direction3 _! orig9al div]g5ce is de/roy$1 & !y =m1 z !y issue f ! app>atus1 a cyl9d] ( light1 p>allel ) ! axis ( ! mirror4 ,?is light w\ld be transmitt$ ) undim9i%$ brilliancy to a great di/ance1 did n ! atmosph]e absorb a portion ( x4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be admitt$1 t ?is me?od is n free f defect4 ,x is true1 we direct t[>ds ! horizon ( ! sea1 a va/ numb] ( rays1 :i* w\ld h be5 lo/ ^u ! gr\nd1 9 space1 or l&w>d2 we also de/roy ! primitive div]g5ce ( ^? rays :i* fall )9 ! range ( ! seaman2 b ! cyl9d] ( reflect$ light is ( no great] size ?an t ( ! mirror2 ! zone :i* x illum9ates has precisely ! same dim5sions1 at :atev] di/ance1 &1 unless we employ a numb] ( simil> reflectors diff]5tly incl9$1 !re w be a numb] ( l>ge spaces 9 ! horizon completely obscure1 f :i* ! pilot w nev] see any signal :atev]4 ,?is s]i\s objection has be5 remov$ by imp>t+1 by means ( clock-"w1 a uni=m rotatory motion to ! reflector4 ,! collection ( rays proce$+ f ! mirror is ?us direct$ to all ! po9ts ( ! horizon 9 succession4 ,e vessel p]ceives ! signal-light dur+ "o in/ant1 & imm$iately aft] x is se5 to disappe>2 & if1 9 a great ext5t ( coa/1 ! diff]5t lights revolve 9 diff]5t times1 ! v>i\s signals become ?us individualiz$4 ,accord+ to ! int]val ( "t1 :i* elapses betwe5 two successive appe>ances or eclipses ( ! light1 does ! sailor recognize ! "p ( ! coa/ :i* is 9 view3 he is ?us no long] liable to mi/ake a planet1 or a /> ( ! fir/ magnitude1 at its ris+ or sett+1 or a fire light$ on ! coa/ by fi%]m51 *>coal-burn]s1 c4 = ! light ( ! ligh?\se2 mi/akes1 :i* h (t5 l$ to ! mo/ deplorable wrecks4 ,! reflectors orig9ally employ$ 7 ca/s 9 pla/] ( ,p>is1 f a m\ld =m$ to ! p>abolic curve1 & l9$ ) facets ( mirror-glass4 ,! p[] ( ^! reflectors1 h[ev]1 0 comp>atively small1 f ! reflect+ surface be+ compos$ ( num]\s pieces1 9 ea* ( :i* only "o po9t co9cid$ ) ! curve ( ! p>abola4 ,! ,tr9ity ,h\se hav+ be5 at great pa9s to improve ! reflect+ app>atus on ! coa/ ( ,engl&1 ) ! advice & assi/ance ( em95t sci5tific m51 adopt$ p>abolic reflectors made ( silv]$ copp]2 & ^!1 f _! sup]ior effects1 h ultimately be5 introduc$ into all ! ligh?\ses ( ! unit$ k+dom4 ,9 ! nor!rn ligh?\ses1 ! reflectors consi/ ( copp] coat$ ) silv]1 9 ! proportion ( six ounces ( silv] to "o p\nd avoirdupois ( copp]1 :i* are roll$ toge!r1 & !n1 ) mu* lab\r & great nicety1 by a process ( hamm]+ & poli%+1 =m$ to ! p>abolic curve ( a m\ld made ) ma!matical precision4 ,! focal di/ance ( ! curve is f\r in*es4 ,! diagram = ! ,bell-,rock reflectors 0 drawn by ,pr(essor ,leslie1 & ! m\ld 0 made by ,mr4 ,adie ! optician4 ,! p[]s ( ?is elegant production ( ! me*anical art are said to be q a/oni%+2 & by comp>+ its highly-poli%$ & regul>ly-curv$ surface ) ! previ\s glass reflector1 ! sup]iority ( ! =m] seems to be imm5se3 inde$1 its influ5ce ext5ds to ! horizon =m$ by ! height ( ! ligh?\se-t[] & ! e>?'s curvature4 ,! reflectors 9 g5]al use measure ov] ! tips tw5ty-"o in*es z applicable to /ation>y1 & tw5ty-live in*es = revolv+ lights4 ,! ,catoptric or reflect+ sy/em 0 fir/ adopt$ "u ! direction ( ,borda1 at ! ,corduan ,ligh?\se1 probably ab\t ! ye> #aghj4 ,! sy/em 0 soon introduc$ into ,engl&2 & "o ( ! fir/ acts ( ! ,nor!rn ,lights' ,bo>d1 s e>ly z #aghf1 0 to sub/itute reflectors 9 place ( coa/-lights1 :i* till !n _h be5 ! only beacons on ! ,scot* coa/4 ,9 ! improv$ lights ! be/ sp]maceti oil & ! ,arg& lamp h be5 introduc$4 ,! keep]s are pr(essionally adepts 9 ! managem5t ( lamps2 & %\ld a drop ( oil be spilt1 ! floor is cov]$ ) pa9t$ floorclo? to receive x4 ,! ,arg& lamp-burn]s are tipp$ ) silv]1 to prev5t ! wa/e & imp]fection to :i* copp] is subject1 f ! excessive heat ( ! burn]4 ,9 appe>ance ! lights may be class$ z /ation>y1 revolv+1 fla%+1 & int]mitt5t4 ,9 ! fir/1 z its "n implies1 ! light has a /eady & uni=m appe>ance1 & ! reflectors1 :i* are small] ?an ^? us$ = revolv+ lights1 are rang$ 9 circul> zones ^u a *&eli] or piece ( iron frame-"w1 ) _! axes incl9$ at su* an angle z %all enable !m to illum9ate e "p ( ! horizon4 ,! revolv+ light consi/s ( a frame built ^u a p]p5dicul> %aft1 & ! reflectors1 :i* are ( l>ge size1 are rang$ on p]p5dicul> planes or faces1 :i* are made to revolve 9 p]iodic times1 by means ( a tra9 ( ma*9]y kept 9 motion by a weight4 ,:5 "o ( ^? illum9at$ planes or faces is br\ght t[>ds ! eye ( ! obs]v]1 ! light gradually increases to full /r5g?3 :51 on ! contr>y1 ! angle betwe5 two ( ^! faces comes r\nd1 ! obs]v] is 9 d>kness4 ,by ^! alt]nate *anges1 ! *>act]i/ic ( ! ligh?\se is z di/9ctly m>k$ to ! eye ( ! m>9] z ! opposite extremes ( light & d>kness c make x4 ,! fla%+ light is a modification ( ! revolv+ light1 & is practically a beautiful example ( ! inf9ite cel]ity ( ! passage ( light4 ,! reflectors are "h also rang$ ^u a frame1 ) faces :i* are made to revolve ) consid]able rapidity2 & ! light ?us em]g+ f a p>tial /ate ( d>kness exhibits a mom5t>y fla%1 resembl+ a /> ( ! fir/ magnitude1 & !reby produces a v /rik+ effect4 ,! int]mitt5t light bur/s sudd5ly into view1 l a /> ( ! fir/ magnitude1 & cont9ues a /ation>y light a m9ute & a half1 :5 x is z sudd5ly eclips$ = half a m9ute2 & by ?is simple arrangem5t a /rongly m>k$ di/9ction 9 ! lights ( ! coa/ is introduc$4 ,?is is accompli%$ by ! p]p5dicul> motion ( %ades be=e ! lights4 ,a v>iety ( all ^! lights is introduc$ by int]pos+ be=e ! reflectors plates ( r$ glass1 :i* produce ! beautiful r$ light allud$ to 9 ! l9es ( ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 :5 he notices ! 'ruddy gem ( *angeful light4' ,! r$ & :ite light is caus$ by ! revolution ( a frame on ! sides ( :i* ! lights are plac$ alt]nately1 ) & )\t col\r$ m$ia4 ,!re are v>ieties 9 ?is k9d ( light1 "s be+ s arrang$ t two :ite lights %\ld be se5 9 succession1 & !n "o r$2 & o!rs1 t two r$ %\ld be se51 & !n "o :ite4 ,:5 !re is a necessity = :at is call$ a lead+-l9e1 z a guide = tak+ "s *annel1 or avoid+ "s dang]1 d\ble lights are exhibit$ f two t[]s1 "o ( :i* is high] ?an ! o!r2 & :5 se5 9 "o l9e1 ^! =m a direction = ! c\rse ( ! %ipp+4 ,:5 ! ,fr5* 7 recov]+ f ! long night ( t]ror1 dur+ :i* _! comm]ce _h be5 ru9$ & _! %ips disabl$1 !y direct$ att5tion to ligh?\ses1 & resolv$ to disc>d ! v imp]fect & insignificant reflectors !n 9 use4 ,!y inve/igat$ ! subject ) _! usual sci5tific skill1 & ! result 0 ! inv5tion & adoption ( ! sy/em ( l5ses in/ead ( reflectors1 kn[n z ! ,dioptric sy/em4 ,a transp>5t l5s r$uces to p>allelism all ! lum9\s rays :i* trav]se x1 :atev] be _! orig9al am\nt ( div]g5ce1 provid$ ^! rays proce$ f a po9t or focus suitably situat$4 ,! sub/itution ( glass l5ses = reflectors is n a new idea1 s9ce we f9d t a proposal to t effect 0 made by a ,london optician to ,mr4 ,smeaton1 9 #agei1 = illum9at+ ! ,eddy/one ligh?\se1 b 0 n adopt$ by him4 ,m4 ,fresnel m5tions t l5ses _h be5 us$ 9 ,engl& s f> back z #aghi1 9 ! t[] light-room at ,portl& ,isl&1 b f "s cause or o!r 7 discont9u$4 ,on acc\nt ( ! great loss ( light by reflexion at ! surface ( mirrors1 ! ,fr5* adopt$ ! l5ses1 & !y soon discov]$ ! s\rce ( failure 9 our use ( !m2 !y saw t1 9 ord] to r5d] l5ses sup]ior to reflectors1 ! int5sity ( ! illum9at+ flame mu/ be consid]ably increas$1 z well z ! size ( ! l5ses2 also1 t ^! l5ses mu/ h a v %ort focus2 & t1 if con/ruct$ by ! ord9>y rules1 _! ?ickness w\ld be great1 _! transp>5cy dim9i%$1 & _! weight f> too great = ! safety ( ! ma*9]y :]eby ! lights 7 revolv$4 ,fresnel !re=e adopt$ ! +5i\s device propos$ by ,condorcet1 t ( con/ruct+ a l5s ( a numb] ( di/9ct pieces4 ,?is me?od 0 also propos$ by ,dr4 ,brew/]1 9 #ahaa4 ,fresnel also inv5t$ a lamp1 ) a numb] ( conc5tric wicks1 ! lu/re ( :i* 0 tw5ty-five times great] ?an ! be/ lamps !n exi/+4 ,9 a ligh?\se on ! dioptric sy/em1 ! lant]n is con/ruct$ ) eight sides1 :i* =m an octagonal prism ar\nd ! lamp 9 ! c5tre4 ,! c5tre ( ea* side is occupi$ by a plano-convex l5s1 some?+ simil> to a burn+-glass1 hav+ a diamet] ( ab\t fifte5 in*es4 ,?is c5tral l5s is n suffici5t to cov] ! entire side4 ,inde$1 a l5s ( suffici5t size = ! purpose w\ld be v co/ly & bulky1 ev5 suppos+ x c\ld be manufactur$4 ,to rem$y ?is defect1 ! c5tral l5s is surr\nd$ by a s]ies ( glass r+s1 ! ext]nal surface ( :i* is s =m$ z to h precisely ! same optical effect z ! great c5tral l5s4 ,a transv]se section ( "o ( ^! zones or r+s pres5ts ! =m ( a w$ge1 "o side ( :i* is slightly curv$4 ,by ?is arrangem5t ea* l5s transmits to all ! po9ts ( ! horizon 9 succession a light equival5t to t ( f ?ree to f\r ?\s& lamps ) d\ble curr5ts1 & eight times great] ?an ! light produc$ by ! silv] p>abolic reflectors2 x is1 accord+ to ,arago1 ! same am\nt ( light z w\ld be obta9$ if x 7 possible to br+ toge!r ! ?ird ( ! :ole numb] ( gas-lights :i* illum9e ! /reets1 ! %ops1 & ! !atres ( ,p>is2 & ?is wond]ful result is obta9$ f a s+le lamp4 ,?is lamp has f\r conc5tric burn]s1 :i* are def5d$ f ! action ( ! excessive heat produc$ by _! unit$ flames1 by means ( a sup]abundant supply ( oil1 :i* is ?r[n up f ! ci/]n bel[ by a clock-"w movem5t1 & con/antly ov]fl[s ! wicks4 ,a v tall *imney is necess>y 9 ord] to supply fre% curr5ts ( air to ea* wick ) suffici5t rapidity to support ! combu/ion4 ,! c>bonization ( ! wicks is n v rapid2 & aft] !y h be5 burn+ a long "t1 ! flame is n s5sibly dim9i%$1 z ! great heat evolv$ f ! mass ( flame promotes ! ris+ ( ! oil 9 ! cotton4 ,9 ! ye> #ahbj1 9 ! c\rse ( "s inve/igations connect$ ) ! ,trigonometrical ,survey ( ,great ,brita91 & conduct$ by a deputation ( sci5tific p]sons f ,london & ,p>is1 ,m4 ,fresnel exhibit$ f ! ,fr5* side ( ! *annel1 by means ( 8 l5s & a l>ge lamp1 a p[]ful light :i* 0 obs]v$ by ! ,engli% across ! *annel4 ,! brilliancy ( ?is light s /ruck ,lieut4-,col4 ,colby1 ( ! ,royal ,eng9e]s1 :o 0 engag$ 9 ^! obs]vations1 t he imm$iately correspond$ ) ,mr4 ,/ev5son z to its probable use ^u ! ,scotti% coa/4 ,a consid]able "t 0 occupi$ 9 inquiry & negotiation1 :5 at l5g?1 on ! #bf? ,octob]1 #ahcf1 ! light at ! ,isle ( ,may 0 *ang$ f ! catoptric to ! dioptric sy/em1 & a committee ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,ed9burgh met at ,dunb>1 a di/ance ( ?irte5 miles f ! ligh?\se1 to make obs]vations on ! two lights1 :i* 7 exhibit$ 9 contra/4 ,9 _! report !y conclude3-- '#a4 ,t at a di/ance ( ?irte5 miles ! mean effect ( ! new light is v mu* sup]ior to ! mean effect ( ! old light 7p]haps 9 ! ratio ( two to "o74 #b4 ,t at all di/ances ! new light has a prodigi\s sup]iority to ! old1 f ! equality ( its effects 9 all azimu?s4 #c4 ,t ! new light fulfils rigor\sly ! conditions requir$ = ! di/ribution ( light to ! greate/ advantage4 #d4 ,t at di/ances mu* exce$+ ?irte5 miles1 ! new light mu/ /ill be a v effective "o1 ?\gh to :at ext5t ! committee h n obs]v$4 ,! light is und]/ood to be /ill a good "o1 :5 se5 f ,ed9burgh at a di/ance ( ab\t ?irty miles4' ,on a fur!r comp>ison ( results1 x 0 f\nd t ! light ( "o ( ! great annul> l5ses1 us$ 9 ! revolv+ lights ( ! fir/ ord]1 0 equal to ! unit$ effect ( ab\t eight ( ! l>ge reflectors employ$ 9 ! revolv+ lights on ! ,scotti% coa/4 ,at ! ,isle ( ,may & ,in*kei? ! quantity ( sp]m-oil consum$ by ! great lamp is equal to t burn$ by f\rte5 ( ! ,arg& lamps us$ 9 ! ,scot* lights4 ,h5ce by dioptric means ! consumption ( oil necess>y = ! f\rte5 reflectors w produce almo/ z p[]ful a light z t :i* w\ld require ! oil ( tw5ty-f\r reflectors 9 ! catoptric sy/em1 & consequ5tly !re is an excess ( oil equal to t consum$ by t5 reflectors1 or f\r hundr$ gallons 9 ! ye> aga9/ ! ,scot* sy/em4 ,! ,dut* 7 ! fir/ to adopt ,fresnel's sy/em4 ,9 ! ye> #ahcd ! ,commission]s ( ,nor!rn ,ligh?\ses s5t ,mr4 ,alan ,/ev5son to ,p>is to inspect ! sy/em1 & 8 report 0 s fav\rable1 t ! reflect+ app>atus ( ! revolv+ light at ,in*kei? 0 remov$1 & ! dioptric in/rum5ts sub/itut$4 ,! new light 0 exhibit$ on ! ev5+ ( ! #a/ ( ,octob]1 #ahce1 & s great 0 ! satisfaction af=d$1 t a simil> *ange 0 made at ! fix$ light ( ! ,isle ( ,may4 ,! ,tr9ity-,h\se ( ,london foll[$ next 9 adopt+ ! improv$ sy/em1 & a revolv+ dioptric light ( ! fir/ ord] 0 erect$ at ! ,/> ,po9t 9 ,devon%ire4 ,9 ! ligh?\ses ( ?is c\ntry sp]m-oil is ! mo/ usual fuel4 ,9 ,france#f an oil is burn$ call$ ,colza oil1 express$ f ! se$s ( a species ( wild cabbage4 ,9 ! ligh?\ses on ! ,m$it]ranean olive-oil is us$4 ,9 a few ligh?\ses ne> l>ge t[ns coal-gas has be5 advantage\sly adopt$4 ,mu* also has be5 said 9 fav\r ( ! ,drummond & ,voltaic lights1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( _! prodigi\s int5sity w\ld appe> to be mo/ desirable2 b ! unc]ta9ty :i* att5ds _! exhibition r5d]s x at pres5t impossible to adopt !m3 b !re is a yet m fatal objection--! smallness ( ! flame r5d]s !m :olly inapplicable to dioptric in/rum5ts1 :i* require a great body ( flame 9 ord] to produce a degree ( div]g5cy suffici5t to r5d] ! duration ( ! fla% 9 revolv+ lights long en\gh to answ] ! purpose ( ! m>9]4 ,9 ! ye> #ahce1 ,mr4 ,gurney propos$ a lamp ( great p[] 9 :i* ! flame ( oil or wax 0 su/a9$ by /reams ( oxyg5 gas1 a me?od said to be m economical ?an ! combu/ion ( oil 9 atmosph]ic air4 ,! ,tr9ity ,h\se ent]ta9$ ! proposal1 & in/itut$ a numb] ( exp]im5ts4 ,9 apply+ ?is light to reflectors x is int5d$ to use ?ree small flames1 ea* ab\t ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 productive1 x is said1 ( an effect equal to t ( t5 ,arg& lamps4 ,b = l5ses ! burn] has sev5te5 films ( flame1 & is said to possess six times ! p[] ( ! ,fresnel lamp4 ,9 ! ye> #ahdj1 ,capta9 ,basil ,hall in/itut$ a s]ies ( exp]im5ts to asc]ta9 :e!r ! well-kn[n sup]ior brilliancy ( a revolv+ light c\ld n be obta9$ = a fix$ or cont9u\s light1 t is1 = "o equally visible 9 all directions at ! same mom5t4 ,8 idea 01 t by giv+ a c]ta9 velocity ( revolution to a s]ies ( l5ses r\nd a fix$ light1 z 9 ,fresnel's arrangem5t1 a cont9uity ( illum9ative p[]1 equal almo/ 9 brilliancy to t ( a sl[ly revolv+ light1 might be produc$4 ,! app>atus 0 arrang$ s z to cause a s]ies ( eight l5ses "o foot 9 diamet] & ?ree feet focal di/ance to revolve ) any velocity up to sixty revolutions p] m9ute r\nd a c5tral lamp4 ,! light f ?is lamp be+ conc5trat$ by refraction ?r\gh ! eight l5ses into eight p5cils1 hav+ a div]g5ce ( ab\t eight degrees ea*1 illum9at$ :5 at re/ n q fifty degrees ( ! horizon2 b :5 ?is sy/em ( l5ses 0 put into rapid motion1 e degree ( ! ?ree hundr$ & sixty degrees ( ! horizon became illum9at$1 s t to spectators plac$ all r\nd ! horizon ! light w\ld appe> cont9u\s & equally brilliant 9 e direction4 ,! only "q w\ld be1 :e!r or n ?is cont9u\s light is ess5tially less int5se ?an ! light se5 ?r\gh ! l5ses at int]vals :5 9 sl[ motion2 & ?is is a po9t :i* fur!r inquiry mu/ decide4 ,"o ( ! causes :i* has t5d$ to improve ! brilliancy ( ligh?\ses1 has produc$ inconv5i5ces1 :i* long exi/$ )\t rem$y4 ,dur+ ! combu/ion ( a p\nd ( oil1 ! union ( its hydrog5 ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air produces m ?an a p\nd ( wat] 9 ! /ate ( vap\r4 ,:5 a cold w9d is bl[+ ^u ! lant]n ( ! ligh?\se f )\t1 ?is vap\r is cond5s$ into wat] ^u ! inn] surface ( ! glass1 & 9 v sev]e wea!r =ms a cru/ ( ice1 9 "s cases1 z mu* z f\r in*es ?ick 9 ! c\rse ( "o night4 ,?is n only v mu* dims ! brilliancy ( ! light to ! sailor1 b also entails a great am\nt ( lab\r on ! light-keep]s1 & injury to ! lant]n4 ,! combu/ion ( ! oil also produces a l>ge quantity ( c>bonic acid gas1 :i* is ( a v delet]i\s nature1 & 9 _m cases r5d]$ ! light-keep]s' rooms almo/ un9habitable4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 ! ,tr9ity ,h\se made application to ,dr4 ,f>aday to inve/igate ! subject1 ) a view to ! discov]y ( "s rem$y4 ,) 8 usual skill & sagacity1 ,dr4 ,f>aday in/itut$ a numb] ( inquiries & exp]im5ts1 & visit$ "s ( ! pr9cipal ligh?\ses4 ,! result 0 ! contrivance ( a complete me?od ( v5tilat+ ligh?\ses4 ,on ! dioptric sy/em1 ! rem$y 0 simple3 x 0 m]ely to erect a tall *imney ov] ! c5tral lamp1 & lead x out at ! ro(2 by :i* means1 ! draught ( ! lamp 0 improv$1 & all ! products ( combu/ion c>ri$ (f4 ,on ! catoptric sy/em1 ) revolv+ lights1 ea* lamp 0 furni%$ ) a *imney1 :i* pass$ out at its upp] extremity1 ?r\gh a small hole 9 ! reflector into a fix$ c5tral holl[ %aft1 :i* s]v$ ! purpose ( a v5tilat+ *imney to all ! lamps4 ,^! plans are said to h be5 em95tly successful 9 remov+ ! inconv5i5ces1 :i* r5d]$ ! light less effici5t1 & ! ligh?\se an un:olesome & ev5 dang]\se place ( abode4 ,footnote #f3 ,9 ! ye> #ahcf ! coa/ ( ,france 7 provid$ ) no less ?an n9ety-six ligh?\ses4 ,,! ,,end4 ,p>k]'s ,collections 9 ,popul> ,lit]ature4 ,collections 9 ,popul> ,lit]ature1 publi%+ by ,john ,w4 ,p>k]1 ,we/ ,/r&1 ,london4 ,x has frequ5tly be5 sugge/$ to ! ,publi%]1 t he might r5d] an acceptable s]vice to ! fri5ds ( ,education1 & greatly assi/ ^? :o desire to promote ! intellectual amusem5t ( ! p1 by produc+ a s]ies ( ,popul> ,books1 at l[ prices1 calculat$1 by _! unexceptionable t5d5cy1 = g5]al use 9 families2 f :i* ,s*ool ,libr>ies might be =m$1 ,rew>d ,books select$1 & ,l5d+ ,libr>ies suppli$2 :i*1 on acc\nt ( _! conv5i5t =m & size1 w\ld be welcome z ,fireside & ,travell+ ,companions2 books1 9 %ort1 :i* might be f\nd in/ructive & ent]ta9+ :]ev] introduc$4 ,^! sugge/ions he is n[ c>ry+ out1 9 compliance ) c]ta9 conditions1 namely1 t ! works produc$ %all be unexceptionable 9 subject & 9 treatm5t2 t ! s]ies be suffici5tly v>i$ to meet ! requirem5ts ( all classes ( read]s2 & t ea* book %all be complete 9 itself1 & procurable = a v small sum4 ,! ,,collections ,,9 ,,popul> ,,lit]ature w1 !re=e1 embrace mo/ ( ! features ( an ,encyclopdia1 ?\gh ! subjects w n be divid$ into fragm5ts1 or scatt]$ ov] _m volumes2 ea* subject be+ treat$ ) fulness & complet5ess1 & its in=mation br\ght up to ! pres5t "t4 ,! ,plan w embrace new & improv$ ,editions ( c]ta9 ,/&>d ,engli% books1 b ! majority ( ! works w be newly writt51 translat$1 compil$1 or abridg$1 = ! pres5t purpose2 & ! volumes w appe> f "t to "t 9 suffici5t v>iety to ext5d simultane\sly1 & 9 due proportion1 ! v>i\s bran*es ( ,popul> ,lit]ature4 ,! :ole w be prep>$ ) an especial view to ! diffusion ( s\nd op9ions--to ! promulgation ( valuable facts & correct pr9ciples--& to ! due indulg5ce ( g5]al lit]>y ta/e4 ,x is n int5d$ t ?is s]ies %all =m a p]iodical1 accord+ to ! /rict acceptation ( t t]m4 ,sev]al works are already publi%$1 & o!rs w quickly foll[2 !y w all be uni=mly b\nd 9 clo? & lett]$4 ,!re w be no necess>y connection betwe5 ! v>i\s works1 except z reg>ds g5]al appe>ance1 & ea*1 be+ complete 9 itself1 may be _h sep>ately2 nev]!less1 ! volumes1 di/9ct1 yet uni=m 9 _! object1 w toge!r =m a valuable libr>y1 & may be collect$ & classifi$ "u ! foll[+ heads3 ,i4 ,popul> ,hi/ory4 ,"u ! compreh5sive title ( ,hi/ory1 we purpose giv+ an ext5sive s]ies ( int]e/+ & in/ructive works4 ,among ^! w be c>efully-consid]$ n>ratives ( "s ( ^? moral tempe/s :i* h s (t5 agitat$ ! _w1 :5 m5 h cont9u$ a long c\rse ( disob$i5ce to ! laws ( ,god & ! recognis$ laws ( man4 ,we %all make x our bus9ess to record ! *ange ( a dyna/y1 ! rise & c>e] ( a mon>*1 a usurp]1 or a rul]1 ^: actions h ?r[n a new aspect on ! political in/itutions ( a c\ntry2 we %all trace ! rise & progress ( great comm]cial or manufactur+ ent]prises1 :]eby ! weal? & prosp]ity ( a nation h be5 obvi\sly increas$2 we %all notice ! tra9 ( ev5ts :]eby ! preval5t or e/abli%$ religion ( a c\ntry has be5 *ang$4 ,^! & o!r subjects ( a l "* w enable u to br+ up _m /ores f a m9e peculi>ly ri* 9 in/ructive & ent]ta9+ matt]4 ,x is ( c\rse impossible1 9 su* a notice z ?is1 to include all ! features ( s important a division ( our ,,collections ,,9 ,,popul> ,,lit]ature z ,hi/ory2 b "s idea may be =m$ ( x f ! foll[+ li/ ( works :i* are ne>ly ready = publication3 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,invasion ( ,russia by ,napoleon ,bonap>te2 its ,causes & ,consequ5ces4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,! ,"l & 8 ,vassal3 a ,famili> ,exposition ( ! ,feudal ,sy/em 9 ! ,middle ,ages2 ) its ,causes & ,consequ5ces4 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution2 its ,causes & ,consequ5ces4 ,newly writt5 = ?is ,collection4 ,! ,ru9s ( ,rome & _! ,hi/orical ,associations2 includ+ an ,acc\nt ( ! ,mod]n ,city & its ,inhabitants4 ,! ,private ,life1 ,mann]s1 & ,cu/oms ( ! ,anci5t ,romans4 ,f ! ,fr5* ( ,d',arnay2 c>efully edit$1 & =m+ a valuable "w = /udy or amusem5t4 ,con/ant9ople & its ,hi/orical ,associations2 ) "s ,acc\nt ( its ,in/itutions & ! ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,p4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,rise & ,progress ( ! ,trad+ ,communities ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,trad+ ,communities ( ,mod]n ,times2 a ,popul> ,view ( ! ,orig91 ,/ructure1 & ,g5]al ,t5d5cy ( ! ,jo9t-,/ock ,trad+ & ,comm]cial ,bodies ( ,mod]n ,times4 ,! ,ru9s ( ,a!ns & _! ,hi/orical ,associations2 ) ,notices ( ! ,mod]n ,city & its ,inhabitants4 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,london1 ,anci5t & ,mod]n4 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,end[$ ,s*ools ( ,great ,brita94 ,! ,incas ( ,p]u1 ) "s ,acc\nt ( ! ,ru9s ( _! ,greatness4 ,a popul> ,hi/ory ( ! ,briti% ,army4 ,a popul> ,hi/ory ( ! ,briti% ,navy4 ,,ii4 ,popul> ,biography4 ,"o ( ! mo/ useful & pleas+ =ms "u :i* k c be pres5t$ to ! g5]al read] is t ( ! ,biography ( di/+ui%$ m51 :o h contribut$ to ! progress ( t k 9 "s "o or o!r ( its v>i\s dep>tm5ts4 ,b x too frequ5tly happ5s1 t ! biographical notices ( great m5 consi/ r ( p]sonal1 trivial1 & unimportant details1 ?an ( a cle> & broad outl9e ( ! influ5ce :i* !y ex]t$ ^u ! pursuit & ^u ! age 9 :i* !y 7 di/+ui%$4 ,! true object ( ,biography is1 :ile trac+ ! progress ( an individual1 to %[ n only :at result 8 active life has produc$ on ! well-be+ ( 8 fell[-m51 b also ! position :i* he occupies z "o ( ! great l&m>ks 9 ! map ( human nature4 ,yet we are n satisfi$ ) a biography :i* reg>ds its subject 9 8 public capacity alone3 we are naturally curi\s to asc]ta9 :e!r ! same qualities :i* r5d]$ him celebrat$ 9 public1 foll[$ him likewise into private life1 & di/+ui%$ him !re4 ,we reg>d ) int]e/1 9 8 private capacity1 ! man :o has be5 ! orig9ator ( mu* public good3 we look ) an att5tive eye on 8 behavi\r :5 he /&s alone1 :5 8 native impulses are "u no ext]nal excitem5t2 :5 he is1 9 fact1 9 ! undress ( "o :o has retir$ f ! /age on :i* he felt he _h a "p to su/a94 ,b a detail ( ! public & private ev5ts 9 ! life ( a di/+ui%$ man1 d n alone suffice to =m a j e/imate ( 8 "*4 ,! read] requires to be made acqua9t$ ) ! /ate ( a p>ticul> bran* ( k1 at ! "t :5 ! individual appe>$1 ^: ef=ts ext5d$ its b\nd>ies4 ,)\t ?is x is impossible to e/imate ! wor? ( ! man1 or ! bless+s & advantages conf]r$ ^u society by 8 means4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 trac+ ! hi/ory ( any p>ticul> bran* ( k1 unless connect$ ) ,biography1 we lose sight ( individual ef=ts2 !y are m+l$ ) ! lab\rs ( o!rs1 or are absorb$ into ! hi/ory ( ! :ole1 & are consequ5tly no long] individualiz$3 h5ce we are likely to fail 9 recognis+ ! obligations due to our di/+ui%$ c\ntrym51 or to deprive ( _! j m]it ^? ( our =eign bre?r51 ^: useful lives h influ5c$ di/ant l&s z well z _! own4 ,) ^! views x is propos$ t ea* ,biography %all consi/ ( ?ree di/9ct portions3 #a ,! hi/ory ( a p>ticul> dep>tm5t ( k1 up to ! "t :5 ! individual appe>$ by :om its b\nd>ies 7 ext5d$4 #b ,a g5]al sket* ( ! life ( su* individual1 ) p>ticul> details ( ! improvem5ts effect$ by him4 #c ,! progress ( su* bran* ( k1 f ! date ( su* improvem5ts up to our own times4 ,! foll[+ subjects w be imm$iately publi%$3 ,smeaton & ,ligh?\ses4 ,sir ,joseph ,banks & ! ,royal ,society4 ,sir ,humphrey ,davy & ! ,safety ,lamp4 ,l9nu & ,jussieu2 or1 ! ,rise & ,progress ( ,sy/ematic ,botany4 ,cuvi] & 8 ,works2 or ! ,rise & ,progress ( ,zoology4 ,br9dley & ,canals4 ,watt & ! ,/eam-eng9e4 ,w$gwood & ,pott]y4 ,tel=d & ,roads & ,bridges4 ,caxton & ! ,pr9t+ ,press4 ,galileo & ! ,telescope4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton & ! ,progress ( ,a/ronomical ,discov]y4 ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,wr5 & ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral4 ,addison & ! ,engli% ,essayi/s4 ,j]emy ,taylor & "s ,acc\nt ( 8 ,times & ,works4 ,wilb]=ce & ! ,slave ,trade4 ,ea* "w be+ a ,popul> ,biography1 ) an ,hi/orical ,introduction & ,sequel4 ,,iii4 ,popul> ,sci5ce & ,art4 ,:5 we contemplate ! arts & processes ( civiliz$ life1 we _c b be /ruck ) ! va/ am\nt ( inv5tion & +5uity requir$ = _! gradual developm5t4 ,n an article ( clo?+ or ( furniture1 n an in/rum5t1 implem5t1 or ma*9e1 c\ld h be5 br\ght to ! /ate 9 :i* we f9d x1 )\t _m successive /eps ( inv5tion1 due to diff]5t m9ds1 suppli$ at diff]5t times1 & br\ght to light 9 diff]5t c\ntries4 ,b 9 devot+ sev]al ( our volumes to ! ,useful ,arts1 we %all n be unm9dful ( ! fact1 t ,art is ! application ( ,sci5ce to a practical end4 ,x is propos$1 !re=e1 "u ! compreh5sive title ( ,popul> ,sci5ce & ,art1 to include portions ( our k ( animate & inanimate nature4 ,! object w be to assi/ ! g5]al read] to reg>d ) an intellig5t eye ! v>i$ ph5om5a ( nature1 to gratify ! laudable desire ( und]/&+ :at he sees1 & ( prep>+ him 9 "s measure to ent] m fully ^u ! /udy ( a giv5 subject4 ,9 ?is way1 x is hop$ to effect a useful purpose1 by connect+ ,sci5ce & ! ,useful ,arts2 = x is n1 surely1 9 ! c\ntry ( ,arkwright1 t ! ,philosophy ( ,comm]ce c be ?\ght indep5d5t ( ,me*anics2 & :]e ,davy has deliv]$ lectures on ,agriculture1 x w\ld be folly to say t ! mo/ philosophic views ( ,*emi/ry 7 n conducive to ! mak+ our valleys laugh ) corn4 ,! works already prep>$1 or 9 c\rse ( prep>ation1 = ?is division1 comprise ! foll[+ subjects3 ,! ,useful ,arts employ$ 9 ! ,production ( ,food4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,! ,useful ,arts employ$ 9 ! ,production ( ,clo?+4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,! ,useful ,arts employ$ 9 ! ,con/ruction ( ,dwell+ ,h\ses4 ,! ,writ+-,desk & its ,cont5ts1 tak5 z a ,text = ! ,famili> ,illu/ration ( _m important ,facts 9 ,exp]im5tal ,sci5ce4 #bs4 ,examples ( ,me*anical ,+5uity4 ,! ,philosophy ( ! ,ext]nal ,s5ses4 ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,modes ( ,measur+ ,"t1 ) curi\s ,illu/rations ( ! application ( ,clockwork4 ,! ,rise & ,progress ( ,agriculture4 ,! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,birds & ,insects injuri\s to ,f>m+ & ,g>d5+4 ,! ,wond]s ( ! ,microscope4 ,ma!matical ,magic4 ,! ,f9e ,arts w also =m an int]e/+ portion ( ?is division4 ,! object w be1 9 a few popul> hi/ories1 to trace ! orig91 rise1 & progress ( ,sculpture1 ,pa9t+1 ,engrav+1 ,music1 c41 & _! influ5ce on mank9d4 ,,iv4 ,popul> ,voyages & ,travels4 ,few subjects are m attractive ?an ! n>ratives ( celebrat$ travell]s4 ,al?\gh !y tell u ( be+s :o speak ano!r tongue1 inhabit a diff]5t clime1 diff] altoge!r f ourselves 9 mann]s1 cu/oms1 dress1 & in/itutions--yet ! sympa?y :i* man feels = 8 fell[s makes u delight 9 all ! details :i* tal5t & ent]prise procure = u4 ,! p]sonal n>rative ( ! travell] has also a great *>m2 we seem to p>ticipate 9 8 dang]s1 excitem5ts1 & pleasures2 we add to our k 9 8 company2 & ! tru? & s9c]ity :i* p]vade ! n>rative1 make u feel a p]sonal int]e/ 9 ! n>rator4 ,x is int5d$ to repr9t "s ( ! n>ratives ( our old ,engli% ,navigators1 especially ^? ( ,discov]ies1 :i* h _h mo/ influ5ce on ! progress ( ,geographical ,k4 ,x w n be an objection t ^! em95t m5 liv$ at a p]iod ( "t di/ant f our own2 = _! ,n>ratives are full ( tru?s1 told ) pla9 simplicity4 ,b ! important lab\rs ( mod]n travell]s w n be =gott54 ,9 describ+ sev]al int]e/+ portions ( ! e>?'s surface1 we %all avail ourselves ( ! mo/ tru/wor?y individuals1 & by a c>eful comp>ison ( /atem5ts & details1 we hope to pres5t graphic descriptions ( "s ( ! mo/ celebrat$ c\ntries ( ! _w2 z well z ( ^? :i* h only ( late ye>s be5 explor$4 ,_m voyages ( discov]y h _h _! proce$+s record$ 9 l>ge qu>tos1 ! price ( :i* places !m above ! rea* ( ! g5]al read]1 :ile _! sci5tific details r5d] !m unfit = popul> use3 a dige/ ( ^! works1 conta9+ an epitome ( ! light] portions1 & ! results ( ! sci5tific discov]ies1 may prove acceptable4 ,! foll[+ works are be+ prep>$ = publication3 ,! ,life1 ,adv5tures1 & ,discov]ies ( ,capta9 ,william ,dampi]2 includ+ a ,hi/ory ( ! ,buccane]s ( ,am]ica4 ,capta9 ,cook & ! ,circumnavigation ( ! ,globe4 ,an ,ov]l& ,j\rney & a ,/eam ,voyage to ,india4 ,voyages & ,discov]ies 9 ! ,s\? ,pol> ,regions4 ,voyages & ,discov]ies 9 ! ,nor!rn ,pol> ,regions4 ,voyages & ,discov]ies 9 ,au/ralasia & ,polynesia4 ,to ^! w be add$ dige/s ( ,travels & ,adv5tures 9 v>i\s ,c\ntries ( ! ,old & ,new ,worlds4 ,v4 ,popul> ,tales & ,fiction4 ,! design ( ?is ,collection embraces _m fav\rite old works1 :i*1 ?\gh conta9+ mu* t has in/ruct$ & delight$ our pr$ecessors1 are1 nev]!less1 b ill adapt$ 9 _! orig9al =m = g5]al p]usal4 ,among ^! may be reckon$ "s works ( fiction1 ! excell5cies ( :i* are (t5 obscur$ by a grossness ( /yle n uncommon at ! "t :5 !y 7 compos$1 b :i* ju/ly excludes !m f family-read+ 9 ! pres5t day4 ,su* works w\ld be acceptable if fre$ f objectionable passages2 & 9 und]tak+ to accompli% ?is re=m1 )\t detrim5t to ! _s ( ! orig9al1 ! ,publi%] relies on ! approbation ( a l>ge class ( p]sons1 :o w ?us be enabl$ to place 9 ! h&s ( ! "y1 purifi$ editions ( ^? romantic & int]e/+ tales :i* are naturally s\ght = by y\?ful read]s1 ^: h&s !y might o!rwise rea*1 ta9t$ ) _! orig9al impurities4 ,e "w w be prep>$ = ?is s]ies by a c>eful edit+1 9 ord] to suit ! g5]al tone ( ?\ght1 pr9ciple1 & feel+ :i* w p]vade ! :ole ,collection1 & no "w w be admitt$1 ! "n ( ^: au?or is associat$ ) consid]ations pa9ful to ,*ri/ian feel+1 good ta/e1 or propriety4 ,among ! new works int5d$ to be includ$ 9 ?is division1 may be m5tion$ a s]ies ( tales1 illu/rative ( ! mann]s & cu/oms ( ! p ( diff]5t climes4 ,( ^!1 ! foll[+1 among o!rs1 are ready = e>ly publication3 ,norah ,toole1 a ,tale ( ,irel&2 ,my ,son ,mike1 or1 ! ,iri% ,emigrant 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & ,rob ,maxwell1 a ,tale ( ! ,highl&s ( ,scotl&4 ,! ,spani% ,m]*ant & 8 ,daught]1 or1 ,life 9 ,spa92 a ,tale illu/rative ( ,dome/ic ,mann]s & ,cu/oms4 ,van-ti1 or1 ,life 9 ,*9a2 ,! ,leice/]s1 or1 ,life 9 ,h9do/an4 ,! ,m]*ant & ! ,fri>2 or1 ,tru?s & ,fictions ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,a ,new ,edition1 revis$ by ! ,au?or4 ,! ,life & ,adv5tures ( ,pet] ,wilk9s1 a ,corni% ,man4 ,c>efully revis$ & correct$4 ,! mo/ ,delectable ,hi/ory ( ,reyn>d ! ,fox2 an old ,romance1 ?or\ghly revis$ & correct$4 ,! ,life & ,adv5tures ( ,rob9son ,crusoe1 newly revis$2 ) a new ,introduction1 & ,illu/rations4 ,,vi4 ,popul> ,miscellanies4 ,"u ?is head w be publi%$1 works ( a miscellane\s nature :i* d n fall /rictly "u any ( ! =ego+ divisions1 or :i* may include sev]al ( ^? divisions4 ,among ! =m] may be m5tion$ a %ort s]ies ( works on 9-door & out-door amusem5ts1 ! object ( :i* is to furni% "y p]sons ) s\rces ( amusem5t1 innoc5t 9 _! k9d1 & heal?ful 9 _! application bo? to m9d & body4 ,among ! 9-door amusem5ts may be m5tion$ a volume :i* is ne>ly ready = publication on ! game ( ,*ess4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n t :]e ,*ess is introduc$ z an amusem5t into families & s*ools1 x ex]ts a highly b5eficial influ5ce1 by excit+ a ta/e = m exalt$ s\rces ( recreation ?an are af=d$ by games ( *ance1 :i* s f> f produc+ a b5eficial influ5ce on ! m9d1 are apt to di/urb ! temp]1 excite animosity1 & fo/] a _s ( gambl+4 ,*ess1 on ! contr>y1 is an ef=t ( pure skill2 x gives heal?y ex]cise to ! m5tal p[]s2 x requires caution & =be>ance on ! "p ( bo? play]s2 x leaves ! victor satisfi$ ) hav+ won ! game )\t ! additional /imulus ( 'a /ake2' & x entails no humiliation on ! vanqui%$1 b r prompts him to great] ex]tions4 ,we propose1 !re=e1 to give ! hi/ory & antiquities ( ! game ( ,*ess1 toge!r ) a s]ies ( ,easy ,lessons1 ! object ( :i* w be to make ! "y /ud5t acqua9t$ ) a few ( ! lead+ features ( ! pr9cipal op5+s1 t he may =m "s idea ( ! ri*ness ( ! t]ritory ( ,*ess1 & to add a selection ( ,*ess ,problems4 ,*ess ,problems =m "o ( ! mo/ attractive dep>tm5ts ( ! game2 !y enable u1 m p]haps ?an any?+ else1 to appreciate ! subtle skill & res\rces ( a fir/-rate play]1 & t5d to elevate ,*ess to ! rank ( ma!matical sci5ce4 ,among ! works :i* include sev]al ( ! =ego+ divisions1 is "o 9 f\r volumes1 illu/rat+ ! ,progress ( ! ,ye>1 :]e9 ! in=mation giv5 is arrang$ "u ! =m ( ,daily ,head+s4 ,all ! v>i$ ph5om5a ( nature2 ! animals1 ! plants1 ! m9]als1 assume diff]5t phases1 accord+ to ! means & acquirem5ts ( ! obs]v]1 ! progress ( sci5ce1 & ! climate "u :i* ! descriptions are giv54 ,z sci5ce advances1 ! descriptions ( naturali/s admit ( modification & addition1 9 ord] to keep pace ) ! progress ( discov]y2 h5ce our ,ye>-books require r5ewal f "t to "t4 ,! pres5t is an attempt to furni% a seasonal acc\nt ( ! natural ph5om5a ( ! ye>1 9 con=mity ) ! pres5t /ate ( k4 ,! "w1 h[ev]1 w n be conf9$ to natural hi/ory1 b w be v>i$ ) notices ( ! arts1 antiquities1 mann]s & cu/oms ( our native c\ntry2 *oice selections f our prose writ]s & poets2 & a s]ies ( pap]s expressly adapt$ = ,sunday read+1 s t on :atev] day1 & at :atev] season1 ! book be tak5 up1 some?+ appropriate ( an in/ructive & amus+ nature may be f\nd1 calculat$ ei!r = family read+1 or solit>y p]usal1 z a fireside manual1 or a travell+ pocket companion4 ,! foll[+ works are int5d$ = e>ly publication3 ,*ronicles ( ! ,seasons1 or ! ,progress ( ! ,ye>2 be+ a ,c\rse ( ,daily ,in/ruction & ,amusem5t f ! ,popul> ,details ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,sci5ce1 ,art1 ,antiquities1 & ,biography ( our ,fa!r ,l&4 ,9 ,f\r ,books4 ,book ! ,fir/1 conta9+ ! ,mon?s ( ,janu>y1 ,febru>y1 & ,m>*4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,! ,hi/ory1 ,antiquities1 & ,curiosities ( ! ,game ( ,*ess2 includ+ a ,selection ( ,games1 illu/rative ( ! ,v>i\s ,op5+s1 ,analyz$ & ,expla9$ = ! use ( ,"y ,play]s2 toge!r ) a ,*oice ,selection ( ,*ess ,problems4 ,! ,sea--! ,highway ( ! ,_w2 or ! ,hi/ory & ,practice ( ,navigation1 9 ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,times1 famili>ly expla9$4 ,! ,h\ses ( all ,nations2 or "s ,acc\nt1 ,hi/orical & ,descriptive1 ( ! ,progress ( ,national & ,dome/ic ,ar*itecture 9 all ,p>ts & ,ages ( ! ,_w4 ,! ,games & ,sports ( ! ,anci5ts & ,mod]ns4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,%ipwrecks1 ,fires1 & o!r ,calamities1 at ,sea4