,,in-,,door ,,gardening ,,for ,,every ,,week ,,in ,,the ,,year3 ,,showing ,,the ,,most ,,successful ,,treatment ,,for ,,all ,,plants ,,cultivated ,,in ,,the ,,greenhouse1 ,,conservatory1 ,,stove1 ,,pit1 ,,orchid1 ,,and ,,forcing-,,house4 ,,by ,,william ,,keane4 ,,third ,,edition4 ,,london3 ,,journal ,,of ,,horticulture ,,and ,,cottage ,,gardener ,,office1 #aga1 ,,fleet ,,street4 #ahfe4 ,,in-,,door ,,gardening ,,for ,,the ,,many4 ,,january4 ,,first ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,cinerarias4--,the plants intended for large specimens must receive their final shift1 and be allowed sufficient space to expand their foliage without interfering with or injuring each other4 ,the side-shoots to be tied out4 ,epacrises4--,as some of them will be preparing to burst into flower1 a little arrangement may be necessary in tying them out to display their spikes of bloom more advantageously4 ,fuchsias4--,if wanted early1 the plants that were first put to rest should be selected1 and be fresh potted1 cutting back the roots1 beginning with a small-sized pot2 to be shifted into larger when the roots have extended to the outside of the ball4 ,place them in a nice moist temperature of #ej deg4 by day and #dj deg4 by night4 ,heaths4--,to be looked over1 and the dead and decaying leaves removed4 ,the most forward in bud--such as the ,vestitas1 ,vernix1 ,vasciflora1 ,aristata1 ,beaumontia1 and many others1 to be tied out1 and arranged for the season4 ,pelargoniums4--,when large specimens are wanted1 tie out the branches at equal distances1 and down as near to the rim of the pot as possible4 ,air to be given at all favourable opportunities4 ,water to be given but sparingly1 and not overhead4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,be careful that the night temperature is not raised too high3 if kept at #ej deg4 in severe weather no ill consequences will result4 ,the atmosphere to be kept rather moist1 especially if the weather is bright2 and all plants indicating an appearance of starting into bloom to be removed to the warmest part of the house4 ,clerodendrons4--,to be shaken out of their pots2 their roots reduced and repotted into small pots in a light sandy loamy compost4 ,sow seeds1 and also of any hard-wooded stove plants4 ,water to be given very cautiously to the ,orchids1 merely sufficient to prevent the plants from shrivelling2 and to do this effectually it is necessary to look over them every day4 ,the air of the house to be kept moist by sprinkling the pathways1 floors1 tables1 c41 daily4 ,if any plant is found not to have ripened off its bulbs it should be placed in the warmest part of the house1 and the ripening process encouraged4 ,the ,brassias1 ,cyanoches1 ,coelogynes1 ,miltonias1 and other such plants1 when they are beginning to grow1 to be repotted4 ,the compost to consist of turfy peat mixed with a portion of charcoal or broken potsherds1 and the pots to be at least half full of very open drainage4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,cherries4--,very gentle excitement to be given by fire or artificial heat1 with kindly humidity1 and abundance of air4 ,figs4--,although they will bear a higher degree of temperature without injury than either ,cherries or ,peaches1 it is advisable to begin cautiously1 as it frequently happens that the more haste with fire the less speed with fruit1 and that favourable opportunities of sun and light must be embraced for making sure progress with them4 ,peaches4--,where the trees are coming into bloom it is necessary to be cautious in the application of humidity1 and when they have expanded their flowers to withhold it altogether for a time4 ,fire or other artificial heat to be applied moderately--that is1 from #de deg4 by night to #ee deg4 by day1 particularly when dark and gloomy weather prevails4 ,the houses now commencing to force to be kept moderately moist1 and in a sweet healthy state1 syringing the trees pretty freely once or twice a-day with tepid water4 ,shut up early on sunny days1 and sprinkle the paths1 floors1 flues1 or pipes frequently4 ,vines4--,when they have all broken1 the superfluous buds must be rubbed off1 and the young shoots stopped as soon as they are long enough to admit the points of the shoots at one bud above the bunch being broken out4 ,in vineries now commencing to force1 adopt the practice of producing1 where it can be applied1 a kindly humidity by means of dung and leaves1 or other such fermenting materials4 ,if they are to be broken principally by fire heat1 either by flues or hot-water pipes1 copious syringings must be resorted to with tepid water once or twice a-day4 ,fire heat to be applied principally by day1 with air at the same time1 and very moderately at night4 ,,second ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,the plants will now require particular attention and a nice discrimination in the application of water3 it may be comprehended by all persons interested in gardening operations1 that when the soil on the surface of the pot looks damp it will not require water until it gets thoroughly dry at this season1 and then it is to be given before the plant droops or flags for want of it4 ,but when the plant droops and the soil on the surface appears damp1 the cause is then to be discovered by turning the ball out of the pot1 when it will be seen whether the whole or only a portion of the soil is wet2 as it sometimes happens1 when fresh potted with light soil1 it shrinks from the sides of the pot when dry1 and when water is given it runs down and moistens the outside1 without penetrating the ball4 ,the evil is corrected by holding it for a short space of time in a tub of water of the same temperature as the house4 ,if the soil of any plant is sodden with water it should be turned out of the pot1 and the drainage examined1 and no water to be given until it becomes thoroughly dry4 ,verbenas4--,they require to be kept tolerably dry1 as they are more susceptible of injury from damp than from cold2 a top shelf near the glass in the greenhouse is a very suitable place for them4 ,if mildew appears1 to be dusted with flowers of sulphur4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,although all plants now at rest should be kept comparatively dry1 they will require to be looked over daily to see that they do not suffer for want of water4 ,the temperature not to exceed #fj deg4 by fire heat1 and a fall of #aj deg4 may be allowed at night in very cold weather4 ,many of the stove plants--such as ,aphelandras1 ,justicias1 ,poinsettias1 c4--may now be cut down altogether1 and kept dry for a few weeks1 which will cause them to make an early growth1 and to come into flower a few weeks sooner next winter4 ,gesneras4--,select a few roots of them and a few of the ,gloxinias to start into growth to produce a succession of flowers4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,asparagus4--,if the soil in the bed is dry1 give it a liberal supply of water1 so that it may descend to the roots1 as unproductiveness is sometimes caused by the soil at the roots being very dry when the top is kept moist by gentle waterings4 ,beans 7,dwarf ,kidney74--,sow every three weeks1 if a constant supply is wanted4 ,keep the early crops well supplied with water1 and give them frequent sprinklings overhead1 to prevent the attacks of red spider4 ,mushrooms4--,an abundance of water to be thrown about the floors4 ,if the beds are dry1 to be syringed with lukewarm water1 applying it like dew at intervals for a few hours4 ,temperature from #ej deg4 to #fj deg41 with air occasionally in favourable weather4 ,peaches4--,continue previous directions4 ,the trees in bloom to be artificially impregnated1 and the foreright shoots to be rubbed off a few at a time before they become too large4 ,currents of air to be carefully avoided1 especially when the trees are in bloom1 as they have been sometimes observed to sustain injury from the two end doors being left open for a short time4 ,air to be given at the top daily in favourable weather4 ,pines4--,as the days lengthen and the light increases the plants that are swelling their fruit should be supplied with a gradual increase of heat 7from #fe deg4 at night to #ge deg4 or #hj deg4 in the middle of the day in clear weather71 water1 and atmospheric moisture2 while others that are in bloom and starting into fruit require more air or more moderate temperature1 care in watering and less atmospheric humidity4 ,some of the strongest succession plants that are grown in pots to receive their final shift1 that they may make their growth for fruiting in ,may or ,june4 ,in old-fashioned pits or houses1 where the flues run near the tan-bed1 the plants should be closely examined1 as they are apt to be injured by fire heat in such a situation4 ,strawberries4--,a few dozens more pots may be placed in a frame where there is a gentle heat and an atmosphere more congenial to their healthy growth than in a house4 ,vines4--,when they have made shoots two or three inches long1 the night temperature to range from #fj deg4 to #fe deg41 with an increase of from #e deg4 to #aj deg4 during the day4 ,,pits ,,and ,,frames4 ,keep the plants in these structures as hardy as possible by fully exposing them in mild weather1 but do not give any more water than is absolutely necessary4 ,remove all decayed and decaying leaves1 and keep the atmosphere in as healthy a state as possible4 ,make small hotbeds for sowing ,cucumbers and ,melons1 ,radishes and ,early ,horn ,carrots1 ,cauliflower and ,walcheren ,broccoli1 ,lettuce1 and various other things1 which will be found useful where the late severe weather1 or other cause1 may have diminished the autumn sowings4 ,,third ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,ventilation is requisite in mild weather1 as stagnant air is always unfavourable1 especially to the plants blooming in the conservatory4 ,water sparingly1 and damp the house as moderately as possible1 as water settling on the flowers will soon destroy them4 ,when the plants1 bulbs1 or shrubs in the forcing-pit have developed their blossoms1 let them be removed to the conservatory1 where they can be preserved much longer in perfection4 ,the plants to be looked over every morning1 and every dead or decaying leaf and flower to be removed4 ,heaths4--,fire heat should only be given when mats or other such coverings are not sufficient to exclude frost1 as nothing so much injures the constitution of the ,cape ,heaths as a close1 damp atmosphere4 ,air should be allowed to circulate freely amongst them at all opportunities4 ,pelargoniums4--,the plants intended for specimens should be finally shifted4 ,air to be admitted at all favourable opportunities1 and a slight increase of temperature given4 ,to be kept near the glass1 and free from green fly4 ,if they have made no winter growth they will now be the better prepared to progress in a robust1 healthy state4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,amaryllis4--,attend to the shifting of them as soon as they show signs of growth4 ,let them be placed in the stove1 and give a little water1 increasing it gradually as the leaves unfold4 ,orchids4--,if other departments of gardening are likely to occupy more time than can be very well spared as spring operations accumulate very fast1 it is advisable to proceed with the potting of ,orchids from this time forward1 beginning with those that are showing signs of growth4 ,peat cut into from one to two-inch cubes1 fresh sphagnum to be soaked in boiling water1 to destroy insects1 and charcoal lumps1 with an abundance of crocks1 are the materials to be used4 ,any plants that had become very dry should be immersed in tepid water for an hour the day previous to shifting4 ,the climate of the countries and the localities from whence the species come are the best guides to their successful cultivation2 as the treatment required for ,oncidium ,carthaginense would kill ,o4 bifolium1 and ,cattleya ,forbesii will thrive where ,c4 ,skinneri will die1 and in like manner with many others4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,capsicum4--,sow seeds of the large sort in pans or pots1 to be placed in heat4 ,when the seedlings are an inch or two high pot them singly into small pots1 and replace them in heat2 to be afterwards shifted when necessary until the end of ,may1 when they may be planted out on a south border4 ,cherries4--,plenty of air1 atmospheric moisture1 and a very moderate temperature1 are the requisites for them4 ,if the buds are beginning to swell1 #de deg4 will be enough to maintain by fire heat1 lowering the temperature down to #dj deg4 at night1 with a moist atmosphere4 ,cucumbers4--,the plants in bearing to get a top dressing of fresh1 rich soil4 ,keep a sharp look out for the destruction of insects4 ,when the plants in the seed-bed have made one rough leaf pinch off the leading shoot above it1 so as to cause the plants to throw out two shoots from the axil of the leaves4 ,cuttings put in and struck in the seed-bed will come into bearing quicker than seedling plants4 ,peaches4--,if the weather is very dull and unfavourable for giving air where the trees are in bloom1 it is advisable to shake the trellis towards noon for dispersing the pollen4 ,pines4--,proceed with the routine as advised in last ,calendar4 ,strawberries4--,keep them close to the glass1 and remember that they are impatient of heat3 let #de deg4 be about the maximum1 with a very free circulation of air4 ,if they are plunged in a pit or dung-bed1 let the bottom heat be about #gj deg4 maximum1 with an atmospheric warmth of #ee deg4 to #fj deg44 ,in such a situation they will want scarcely any water until they begin to throw up their blossom-spikes4 ,tomatoes4--,sow seed of the large4 ,to be treated as advised for ,capsicums4 ,vines4--,to be looked over carefully1 and as soon as they are sufficiently forward to distinguish the embryo fruit all useless shoots to be removed--that is1 all that do not show fruit1 and are not required for wood next season4 ,it may also be necessary to take off some of the shoots that show fruit where they are very thick4 ,if two shoots grow from one joint one of them should be removed4 ,,fourth ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,the compost intended for the plants in these houses should be prepared and sweetened by several turnings2 and a sufficient supply for immediate use should be stored in an open shed4 ,calceolarias 7,herbaceous74--,to be potted into larger pots as they require them2 compost equal parts of turfy loam1 peat1 and leaf mould1 with a sprinkling of silver sand4 ,to be kept in a moderately-moist atmospheric temperature of from #de deg4 at night to #ee deg4 in the day4 ,to be slightly syringed with tepid water on sunny days1 and to be kept free from insects4 ,fuchsias4--,after the old plants are shaken out of their pots1 and their roots reduced and fresh potted in a compost of turfy loam and peat1 with a little leaf mould and some sand added1 to be introduced to a temperature of #fj deg44 ,when some of the young shoots are an inch long they may be taken off1 and inserted in pans of sand kept damp1 where they will soon take root1 and will require to be pushed on in heat to make fine large specimens for the conservatory or flower garden4 ,new ,holland ,plants4--,water them with care and moderation4 ,air to be given freely night and day in mild weather4 ,fire heat to be applied only1 and then merely sufficiently1 to exclude frost4 ,the strong shoots of the vigorous young stock to be stopped in due time as the best foundation for future good specimens4 ,sow seeds of ,thunbergias1 ,phlox ,drummondi1 ,mignonette1 ,ten-week and other ,stocks1 in pots1 to be placed upon a slight hotbed4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,achimenes4--,place the tubers thickly in pans1 to be potted singly as they appear1 in equal portions of leaf mould and sandy loam2 to be started into growth in a moderate bottom heat4 ,gloxinias4--,select a few varieties4 ,to be shaken out1 and fresh potted in equal parts of turfy loam and heath soil and a little sand4 ,to be excited in bottom heat4 ,gesnera zebrina4--,those which were first in flower should be dried off for early work next season4 ,this is to be done by withholding water gradually1 and by keeping their foliage still exposed to the light4 ,sow seeds of ,egg ,plants1 ,cockscombs1 ,amaranths1 and other such tender annuals in heat1 to grow them in good time into fine specimens for the adornment of the conservatory in summer4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,cucumbers4--,the plants preparing for ridging out early in ,february will require attention in airing1 and watering with tepid water occasionally when dry1 and to be kept close to the glass to produce sturdy growth4 ,the plants on dung-beds require great attention at this season4 ,to be kept within eight or nine inches of the glass2 to be stopped regularly2 and to maintain a heat of not less than #gj deg4 by day2 to be able to give air to dry the plants4 ,the fermenting materials to be always prepared ready to receive the linings when the heat declines4 ,for those who are fortunate enough to be provided with pits heated by hot-water pipes1 such constant labour and attention will not be necessary4 ,melons4--,to be treated as advised for ,cucumbers4 ,peaches4--,when the blossoms are beginning to expand1 discontinue syringing1 but sprinkle the pathways1 to produce a moist1 but not too damp1 and consequently a healthy1 state of the atmosphere4 ,fresh air is indispensable and should be admitted at every favourable opportunity2 and if the cold external air could be made to pass over the flues1 or hot-water pipes1 so as to get warmed before coming in contact with the blossoms1 a gentle circulation would be constantly kept up until the fruit is fairly set4 ,pines4--,great care is necessary when syringing1 more especially those that are about throwing up their flower-stems1 that no more water may lodge in the hearts of the plants than will evaporate during the day4 ,but if1 from any cause1 a portion remain until evening1 it should be drawn away by means of a syringe having a long and narrow tube at the end of it1 or by a piece of sponge tied to the point of a small stick4 ,strawberries4--,when these are throwing up their blossom-spikes a little liquid manure may be given1 but it should be very weak1 and perfectly clear4 ,a succession of plants to be introduced where there is a gentle heat4 ,the decayed leaves to be trimmed off1 the surface of the soil to be stirred1 and the pots to be placed on shelves near the glass4 ,vines4--,continue the treatment as advised last week4 ,keep up a succession of ,kidney ,beans1 ,asparagus1 ,sea-kale1 and ,rhubarb4 ,,pits ,,and ,,frames4 ,cuttings of ,anagallis1 ,heliotropes1 ,geraniums1 ,lobelias1 ,salvias1 and ,verbenas may now be struck in a gentle bottom heat1 and pushed forward to make good sized plants for bedding out when all danger from frost is over4 ,,february4 ,,first ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,proceed with the potting of the young plants in the greenhouse1 and the small specimens of all kinds1 using the soil tolerably rough1 with a liberal sprinkling of sand1 and good drainage4 ,to be kept rather close until they make fresh roots4 ,azaleas 7,indian74--,introduce a few into heat2 to be fresh potted before starting them1 giving a rather liberal shift into good peat and sand1 with thorough drainage4 ,a moist-growing temperature between #fj deg4 and #gj deg4 to be maintained1 with plenty of air in favourable weather4 ,sow seed1 as likewise ,rhododendron1 in a gentle bottom heat4 ,kalosanthes4--,to be started into growth1 potting them in a compost of half turfy loam1 one-fourth turfy peat1 and one-fourth decomposed leaf mould1 with plenty of coarse gritty sand1 and an admixture of charcoal and pebbles or potsherds broken small4 ,a liberal shift to be given1 and to be kept in a temperature of from #de deg4 to #ej deg44 ,new ,holland ,plants4--,select young plants of the ,boronias and other such families1 and give them a liberal shift2 they delight in good fibrous heath soil1 with a good portion of sharp sand1 and plenty of drainage4 ,it is advisable to pick off the flowers1 and to pinch off the tops of the young shoots during their growth1 to form handsome specimens4 ,orange ,trees4--,be vigilant that scale and all insects are removed from them and from ,neriums1 and other such plants before they begin to grow1 as young wood and foliage are more difficult to clean without injury4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,stove plants in general will now require an increase in the amount of atmospheric moisture1 and a slight advance in heat2 such an advance to be made1 more especially on bright afternoons1 when solar heat can be enclosed in good time1 and with it a moist and congenial atmosphere4 ,crinums4--,pot them if they require it1 but without disturbing the ball of earth about their roots2 to be favoured with an increase of heat to start them afresh1 and during their active growth to be liberally supplied with water4 ,gloriosa superba4--,shake out the roots1 and repot in good fibrous loam1 with a sprinkling of sand1 and place them in bottom heat4 ,no water to be applied to the tubers until they have commenced their growth4 ,,forcing-,,pit4 ,continue to introduce for succession bulbs1 ,lilacs1 ,roses1 ,sweet ,brier1 and the many other plants previously recommended as suitable and useful for that purpose4 ,a temperature of from #fe deg4 to #gj deg4 to be maintained1 with plenty of moisture in clear weather4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,figs4--,trees in pots to have their shoots stopped when they have made three or four joints1 and to be supplied occasionally with liquid manure4 ,melons4--,the fruiting-beds to be prepared and in readiness for the reception of the young plants as soon as they have nearly filled their pots with roots4 ,peaches4--,if a house were started1 as advised at the beginning of the year1 a second should now be set to work4 ,syringe the trees several times a-day in clear weather1 and once or twice in all weathers until the flowers begin to expand4 ,attention to be given to the early house1 when the fruit is set1 to thin it partially1 but to leave one-third more on the trees than will be required to ripen off4 ,if ,peaches are intended to be grown in pots for next season1 the maiden plants should now be procured1 and potted in nine or ten inch pots4 ,the ,royal ,george ,peach and ,violette ,hative ,nectarine are the most eligible for that purpose4 ,pines4--,if any indications of the presence of worms appear on the surface of the pots a watering with clear lime water will remove them4 ,the same steady temperature to be kept up in the fruiting-house or pit as lately advised4 ,although it is sometimes recommended we would not advise to withhold water at the roots for the purpose of starting them into fruit2 for if1 by proper management1 they are good1 healthy plants1 they will have formed their fructiferous parts before this time1 and therefore should not be allowed to get dry1 but be watered when they require it with tepid water4 ,vines4--,the successional houses to be treated nearly in all respects the same as the early houses2 the temperature may now be increased in accordance with the increase of light rather more rapidly at an early stage of their growth than that of the house in which forcing was commenced in ,december4 ,when ,vines for the early crops are grown in pots1 put the eyes in #fj-sized pots1 and plunge them in a dung-frame or pit1 with a bottom heat between #gj deg4 and #hj deg44 ,the ,hamburghs1 ,black ,prince1 ,muscadine1 and ,sweetwater are the kinds to be preferred for that purpose4 ,,second ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,as plants naturally1 after their season of rest during the winter1 now begin to grow1 it is advisable to shift the young stock1 and all others that require it1 into fresh soil1 by which they will be the better enabled to progress to a healthy-blooming state without check or hindrance4 ,although from this time to the middle of ,march is to be considered the most favourable season for a general shift1 nevertheless it may be necessary to shift some plants more than once or twice during their season of growth4 ,climbers4--,to be attended to1 removing weak and dead wood1 and cutting back to three or four eyes where an increase of young shoots is desirable4 ,to be frequently syringed1 to keep down red spider1 as they are more liable than other plants to be infested by them4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,the advice given for the shifting of the general stock of greenhouse plants will also be applicable to the fresh potting of the stove plants4 ,begonias4--,being of free growth they delight in fresh soil1 consisting of equal parts of sandy loam and leaf mould4 ,as a general rule they are repotted in ,february and ,august2 but exceptions are sometimes made1 and a shift is given whenever the roots become cramped or matted in the pot4 ,the knife to be used cautiously1 unless with the tall-growing sorts4 ,gloxinias4--,to be now started1 if not done as advised a fortnight ago4 ,when planted press the roots gently on the surface of the soil1 and give them no water for some time2 as the moisture in the soil will be sufficient at first until they begin to grow1 when a little may be given1 and the supply to be gradually increased as they advance in growth4 ,when potted to be removed to a frame or pit where the temperature is about #fj deg44 ,luculia gratissima4--,to be potted in a compost consisting of half turfy loam1 one-fourth turfy peat1 and one-fourth leaf mould1 with good drainage4 ,musa ,cavendishii4--,to be repotted in a compost of turfy loam1 vegetable soil1 or well-rotted manure1 and a small portion of sand1 with plenty of drainage4 ,to be plunged in a brisk heat in a bark-bed1 and to keep the roots moist4 ,many of the ,orchids may now be potted1 and then placed in the warmest part of the house4 ,the plants that are not shifted to be supplied with a little fresh material1 taking care that the embryo buds are not covered4 ,look over the fastenings of all that are on blocks1 or in baskets1 and renew the wires where necessary4 ,the temperature to be about #fe deg4 by day1 allowing it to range to #gj deg4 or #ge deg4 by sun-heat4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,cherries4--,keep up the temperature from #ej deg4 to #ee deg4 while the trees are in bloom1 with as little variation as possible4 ,the trees not in flower to be frequently syringed4 ,cucumbers4--,the greatest attention should be paid to the state of the bed for the first fortnight after the plants are turned out2 the heat-stick 7a stick stuck into the bed7 should be examined1 being1 as it is1 a much better criterion to judge by than a thermometer1 which is generally used to indicate the heat of the atmosphere in the frame2 cover up according to the heat of the bed4 ,if it will allow it1 a small portion of air should be left on every night1 which may be given in the evening after the frame has been closed for two or three hours4 ,keep up the heat by stirring1 renewing1 or topping-up the linings2 and attend to the stopping of the plants1 and the earthing-up of the hills1 as the roots make their appearance on the surface4 ,melons4--,pot off the plants when the seed-leaves are fully expanded4 ,peaches4--,when the trees have set their fruit1 give the roots1 if growing inside the house1 a good watering with liquid manure1 mixed with soft hot water1 so as to be of the temperature of the house1 or a little above it4 ,the syringe to be used several times a-day in clear1 mild weather as soon as the fruit is set4 ,pines4--,pot the succession plants4 ,if the pots are full of strong1 healthy roots1 pick out the crocks carefully without injuring them1 leaving the ball entire1 and giving them a good shift4 ,but if unfortunately many of the roots are dead1 shake the ball entirely away1 and cut out all that are dead1 preserving such as are alive and healthy1 and potting them in fresh soil4 ,strawberries4--,keep up a succession by placing a few dozen pots in a gentle heat once every fortnight or three weeks4 ,vines4--,all laterals to be stopped in due time1 and all useless buds and branches to be removed2 the leading shoots to be tied in regularly1 and the bunches to be thinned4 ,no more bunches to be left on each ,vine than it is likely to bring to perfect maturity4 ,about one dozen bunches are a good average crop for each rod4 ,the temperature to range from #ee deg4 to #fj deg4 at night1 with an increase of #e deg4 to #aj deg4 during the day1 and even higher during sunshine4 ,,third ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,the plants occupying the beds in the conservatory to be arranged1 cleaned1 and pruned4 ,if the health or habit of a plant1 or other considerations1 should render it desirable to prolong the season of blooming1 the pruning may be postponed for a week or two longer4 ,continue to pot ,cinerarias1 ,calceolarias1 ,pelargoniums1 and all other such plants when they fill their pots with roots4 ,to be then kept close for some days until fresh root-action begins4 ,green fly to be kept down4 ,verbenas4--,put them in heat1 to get cuttings2 as also ,heliotropes1 and all other such plants1 of which there is a scarcity1 for bedding-out purposes4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,increase the moisture and temperature gradually as the days lengthen4 ,start old and young plants of ,clerodendrons1 ,dipladenias1 and ,stephanotis1 in a sweet bottom heat4 ,rondeletias to be cut in1 and started in the same manner4 ,shift all ,orchids that are starting into growth4 ,as a high temperature causes a premature and unhealthy growth it is advisable to keep up a healthy atmosphere of from #ee deg4 to #fe deg41 with an increase of a few degrees in sunshiny weather1 when a little air1 if only for a very short time1 should be admitted2 but be careful to avoid draughts at this early period of the year4 ,all growing plants to be watered at the roots only1 being careful not to allow any water to lodge in the axils of the leaves to cause decay4 ,to preserve the roots of some ,orchids in a healthy state it is necessary to grow them on blocks of wood2 the blocks to be made proportionate to the specimens they are intended to bear2 and the heel of the plant to be placed close to the end of the log1 to give as much space as possible for the plant to grow upon4 ,the following thrive well on blocks without moss3--,barkeria spectabilis1 ,leptotes bicolor1 ,phalaenopsis amabilis1 and ,sophronitis cernua1 the ,brassavolas1 the ,cattleyas1 nearly all the dwarf ,epidendrums1 all the ,laelias1 and nearly all the dwarf ,maxillarias and ,oncidiums1 and all the ,schombergias4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,cucumbers4--,attend to the thinning and stopping1 and impregnate the fruit blossom when open4 ,figs4--,care to be taken that cold currents and sudden changes of air are excluded from the trees4 ,the roots to be well supplied with water1 and the trees to be occasionally syringed overhead4 ,peaches4--,when set1 thin the fruit and shoots as required2 to be done gradually1 a little at one time1 to prevent any sudden and injurious change in the system of the tree4 ,a liberal supply of moisture to be kept up1 with a temperature ranging from #ee deg4 to #fe deg4 and #gj deg4 by sunheat4 ,a drier atmosphere is advised for trees in bloom2 the bloom to be thinned if the trees are weak2 and if shy setters1 to be artificially impregnated1 using a camel-hair pencil for that purpose4 ,pines4--,be watchful about the bottom heat1 and lose no time in raising the pots nearer to the surface if an approach to a burning temperature is apprehended4 ,to be thoroughly watered when they require it1 and to be syringed overhead in the morning and evening of every clear day unless the plants are in bloom1 or ripening their fruit4 ,any crowns1 suckers1 or small plants not well established will do well in a pit or frame on a bed of leaves1 or well sweetened dung1 where they will make a rapid and vigorous growth during the summer4 ,vines4--,attend to last week's instructions as to stopping all laterals1 c41 and thinning the bunches in good time2 and tie up all the principal shoulders with soft strands of matting4 ,never allow the head or hand to touch the berries4 ,give them plenty of air-moisture during their swelling season2 to be discontinued when they begin to colour4 ,shy-setting sorts--such as the ,black ,damascus1 ,cannon ,hall ,muscat1 c4--will set better by thinning the blossom-buds before expansion1 by which a more regular and compact bunch will be produced4 ,late ,vines should be pruned and dressed2 and if not frosty the lights to be removed1 which will retard their breaking1 and benefit the trees4 ,,fourth ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,during continued frosty weather fires must be kept up in these houses1 and then particular attention must be given to the ,new ,holland plants1 ,heaths1 and such like1 which are impatient of heat1 that they do not suffer from want of water4 ,be sure that the ball is thoroughly moistened at least once a-week4 ,,pits ,,and ,,frames4 ,amongst climbers1 ,calampelises1 ,coboeas1 ,lophospermums1 ,maurandyas1 ,rodochitons1 and ,tropaeolums1 deserve attention at this time1 increasing them by cuttings or by seeds4 ,some annuals are also worthy of attention1 such as ,brachycomas1 ,phloxes1 ,portulaccas1 ,schizanthuses1 with others which may all be forwarded in heat4 ,whoever has not yet attended to the propagation of plants for bedding out1 should now begin1 without further delay1 to put in cuttings of ,fuchsias1 ,verbenas1 ,heliotropes1 ,petunias1 ,salvias1 ,scarlet ,geraniums1 c41 to have good plants in ,may and ,june4 ,all straggling and weak shoots to be topped back to form robust1 bushy plants4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,some of the stove plants that have done blooming should be cut back1 such as the ,eranthemum pulchellum1 ,euphorbia jacquiniaeflora1 ,geissomeria longiflora1 ,gesnera lateritia1 ,justicias1 ,linum trigynum1 ,poinsettia pulcherrima1 and others4 ,a bottom heat will be necessary when they are repotted1 which may be done in about three weeks or a month4 ,such of the most forward plants1 as they require shifting1 to be attended to4 ,the condition or fitness for this must1 in a great measure1 be determined by the progress the shoots and roots have made4 ,,forcing-,,pit4 ,continue to introduce plants of ,azaleas1 ,hyacinths1 ,heliotropes1 ,hydrangeas1 ,kalmias1 ,sedums1 ,lilacs1 ,narcissus1 ,pelargoniums1 ,pinks1 ,rhododendrons1 and ,roses in varieties4 ,a batch of last year's young ,fuchsias1 ,erythrinas1 and ,salvia patens1 to be shaken out1 repotted1 and placed in bottom heat4 ,sow ,balsams1 ,cockscombs1 ,globe ,amaranths1 c4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,cucumbers4--,attend as previously advised to thinning and stopping1 set the fruit blossom when open1 keep the inside of the frames watered with warm water1 and apply some occasionally to the roots4 ,water overhead on fine days1 shutting up with #ge deg4 or #hj deg4 of heat4 ,cherries4--,they will be benefited by frequent syringings at all times except when in bloom4 ,air to be given on all favourable occasions1 shutting up with as much solar heat as possible4 ,keep down the green fly and look well after caterpillars4 ,figs4--,maintain a kindly humidity1 but do not syringe overhead1 except on very fine days1 as too much moisture is apt to cause the fruit to drop off or to turn yellow4 ,peaches4--,tie in the forwardest shoots in the early-house as they advance2 gradually disbud and thin out all the shoots that are not wanted2 thin the fruit but not too much at once1 and1 with water of the temperature of the house1 syringe the trees that have set their fruit4 ,remove large shoots cautiously1 and reserve1 in tying and disbudding1 merely sufficient wood for next spring4 ,pines4--,the atmospheric heat to be gradually increased in the fruiting-house1 and the plants to be frequently syringed1 taking care that no water is allowed to lodge in the hearts of the plants4 ,the plants swelling their fruit to be watered occasionally with clean soot water1 air to be admitted on every favourable opportunity1 but cold draughts to be avoided4 ,a good heat to be kept up in succession-pits worked with linings4 ,strawberries4--,to be placed near the glass with plenty of air1 and in favourable weather to be liberally supplied with warm manure water1 and the surface of the pots to be frequently stirred4 ,vines4--,as soon as the first swelling is completed1 and the stoning process commences1 allow a little more liberty to the laterals to induce a corresponding increase of root action4 ,all shoots to be properly trained up2 but none to be allowed to touch the glass4 ,all small bunches to be removed when in flower4 ,when the fruit is set1 the heat by day may be allowed to rise from #gj deg4 to #hj deg44 ,see to the border coverings1 if out-doors1 as also border waterings1 if in-doors4 ,be careful when admitting air to the early ,vines1 to avoid cold currents and changes1 for in the space of an hour we have sometimes strong sunshine1 sleet or snow1 and cutting winds4 ,vines in pots to be supplied with plenty of manure water in all stages of growth1 but especially when swelling off their fruit4 ,,march4 ,,first ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,frequent attention is now necessary in the giving and taking away of air as the alternations of bright sunshine and clouds occur1 and also to temper cold winds by the admission of air on the south side4 ,if severe weather has been now experienced1 and extra fire heat used in consequence1 many plants that may appear all right may1 nevertheless1 be very dry1 and if they are not examined1 and when very dry1 well soaked with water1 they will soon show unmistakeable signs of approaching death4 ,azaleas 7,indian74--,young plants that have commenced their growth to be repotted4 ,shift ,achimenes1 ,begonias1 ,gesneras1 c41 and keep them in a warm1 moist situation4 ,bulbs4--,pot ,cape and other bulbs in a compost of loam1 leaf mould1 with a good sprinkling of sand1 as soon as they begin to make growth in foliage4 ,heaths4--,continue to shift as they may require1 using sandy heath-soil full of fibres1 with an abundance of drainage4 ,be sure that the ball is thoroughly moist before shifting2 for if perfectly dry when that operation is performed the waterings afterwards given will pass freely through the fresh soil without penetrating the old ball4 ,give them all the air possible1 avoiding north or north-east winds4 ,potting must be in progress1 and include a good proportion of the occupants of these houses4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,push ,allamandas1 ,clerodendrons1 ,stephanotises1 c41 forward as briskly as possible2 but be in no hurry to train them1 as freedom in growth is advantageous to a certain extent4 ,use all means to check the increase of insects4 ,orchids4--,the general collection to be favoured with a good steaming every clear morning for about half an hour3 this to be done by sprinkling the flues or pipes when warm4 ,plants in a growing state to be slightly shaded1 to prevent flagging from too copious a perspiration during a sudden mid-day bright sunshine4 ,orchids are generally increased by passing a sharp knife between the pseudo-bulbs 7taking care to leave at least two or three undisturbed next the growing shoots7 so as to sever one or more of the dormant bulbs from the parent plant1 which should remain until it shows signs of growth1 when it may be taken off and potted4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,cherries4--,the syringe to be used freely except when in bloom1 plenty of air to be given1 and the green fly kept down2 shutting up with a little extra solar heat in the afternoons of bright days4 ,figs4--,abundance of syringing and good waterings with liquid manure may now be given them4 ,sudden changes in their treatment will cause the fruit to drop1 all the shoots when six or eight inches long to be stopped to encourage the formation of a second crop4 ,melons4--,use strongish maiden loam by itself to grow them4 ,see to the linings1 attend well to setting1 and maintain an airy and dry atmosphere when in blossom4 ,keep the shoots at all times thin4 ,peaches4--,frequent attention to be given in arranging the young shoots1 disbudding and thinning4 ,a knowledge of the state of the border is necessary1 whether retentive or porous1 that no serious errors may be made by withholding a sufficient supply of water1 or by giving too much4 ,the temperature of the early house to be from #ee deg4 to #fj deg4 by night1 ranging from #ge deg4 to #hj deg4 by sun heat1 and allowing #fe deg4 by artificial heat1 on dull days4 ,pines4--,a day temperature of #ge deg4 to #hj deg4 to be maintained during the progress of the fruit to maturity1 accompanied by atmospheric moisture4 ,succession plants to be supplied with a steady moist heat1 and to be carefully sustained after potting1 to induce a healthy action of the roots4 ,shading is sometimes necessary during bright sunshine4 ,vines4--,as the lower parts of the stems are generally close to the heating apparatus1 it is advisable to bind them up with moss or haybands1 neatly clipped1 as far as the parching heat extends4 ,the moss or haybands being damped morning and evening with the syringe1 will keep the bark and stems in a healthy state1 and will frequently induce a mass of roots to be produced there4 ,that by watering occasionally with liquid manure will contribute to sustain the vigour of the trees4 ,,second ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,as the boisterous gales and violent showers that frequently occur at this season1 succeeded by intervals of mild weather and brilliant sunshine1 are frequently difficult to deal with1 constant attention is necessary that a free admission of air1 when in a genial state1 may be given1 and the cold1 cutting east or north-east winds excluded4 ,frequent watering will also be necessary1 and fires to be dispensed with1 or only used occasionally1 merely to ward off the rigour of sharp nights4 ,the plants in good health1 and well rooted1 to receive a liberal shift4 ,all plants when shifted to be accommodated with a little extra heat and moisture in the atmosphere until they begin to make fresh roots1 when they will require to be more freely exposed1 to produce a sturdy1 vigorous growth4 ,camellias4--,the plants that have finished flowering to be removed to a higher temperature1 where a moist atmosphere is kept up by frequent syringings4 ,cinerarias4--,tie out the principal shoots of the most forward1 to form handsome plants4 ,manure water of the temperature of the house to be given occasionally4 ,the more backward to be shifted into larger pots as they may require them1 and all to receive plenty of air1 light1 and room4 ,fuchsias4--,they require to be accommodated with a warm1 moist temperature1 both at top and bottom1 and the free use of the syringe1 to make them large pyramidal specimens4 ,pelargoniums4--,attention to be paid to their training1 to watering1 and to the admission of air4 ,shift on young plants1 and stop all that may be wanted for late blooming4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,finish the shifting of all specimen plants in the stove as soon as possible4 ,a brisk1 growing1 moist temperature to be kept up during the day1 and to shut up early4 ,they delight in a tan-bed where the bottom heat ranges from #gj deg4 to #hj deg44 ,orchids will now require a regular looking over4 ,those on blocks of wood with moss should have the moss renewed1 and fresh turf to be supplied to those in pots in a growing state4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,the general routine in these structures will comprise disbudding1 tying-in advancing shoots1 thinning the fruit1 watering1 syringing morning and evening1 airing1 and shutting up early with plenty of solar heat2 and to be each and all attended to in good time to obtain satisfactory results4 ,cherries4--,caution in the application of water is now necessary1 as either too much or too little will cause the fruit to drop4 ,cucumbers4--,the heat of the beds1 which will be found to decline rapidly during cold winds1 should be kept up by fresh linings2 and air to be given daily1 to allow the superfluous moisture to escape1 taking care to prevent the wind from entering the frames by placing a mat or canvass before the openings4 ,figs4--,a free supply of water1 with liquid manure occasionally1 to be given to the most forward crop4 ,where there is the convenience1 the trees in pots are generally placed in a pit of rotten leaves into which they root1 and where they are allowed to remain until they have borne their crops and ripened their wood1 when the roots are cut back to the pot4 ,trees planted out succeed best when confined in brick pits1 where short-jointed fruitful wood is produced without root pruning1 which is necessary when the roots are allowed to ramble without control4 ,melons4--,this is a good time to ridge-out plants1 as the sun will have a powerful and beneficial influence at the time when it will be most wanted to ripen off the fruit4 ,pot off young plants1 and sow seed for a succession4 ,pines4--,continue to keep up a regular and moist heat2 to be supplied with soot or other manure water occasionally during the whole time they are swelling the fruit until they attain their full size2 watering and syringing overhead should be withheld when they begin to change colour1 to give flavour to the fruit4 ,the succession-plants recently potted to be very moderately supplied with manure water1 and in a very diluted state until their roots reach the sides of the pots4 ,strawberries4--,introduce succession-plants under glass1 according to the demand4 ,keep the atmosphere dry when the plants are in bloom and near the glass2 admitting at all opportunities a good supply of fresh air without currents4 ,vines4--,persevere in thinning the bunches1 as it is a mistake to leave more on the ,vine than it is likely to finish off to perfection4 ,the borders to be examined that a gentle warmth may be maintained at the roots4 ,when the ,vines are planted inside1 apply good soakings of manure water occasionally4 ,thin the shoots of the late ,vines as soon as the bunches are perceptible4 ,,third ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,proceed as diligently as possible with the repotting of such of the hardwooded greenhouse plants as require it1 so as to start them in good time to acquire a vigorous growth4 ,cacti4--,the chief point in managing these plants is to allow them an alternate period of rest and growth4 ,to be grown in a mixture of lime rubbish and loam1 with a little cowdung1 and in well-drained pots4 ,in summer to be fully exposed to the sun1 and well watered2 and from ,october to ,march to be kept perfectly dry4 ,calceolarias 7,herbaceous74--,to be shifted into larger pots in a compost of equal quantities of decayed turf1 leaf mould1 good sandy peat1 old cowdung1 and silver sand1 with plenty of drainage and moss on the crocks4 ,to be kept close for a week1 after which air may be freely given1 avoiding currents of cold air4 ,heaths4--,every vigorous shoot that is taking the lead to be stopped1 to produce a more uniform and compact plant4 ,lilium lancifolium4--,to be potted either in a good peat1 with a little silver sand1 or in a light sandy loam1 using also some silver sand4 ,the bulb to be placed two or three inches deep from the top of the pot to allow room for the stem-fibres to penetrate the soil4 ,pelargoniums4--,the plants potted last month to be stopped back4 ,the house to be kept rather close for a week or ten days1 to assist them to push out their eyes4 ,those intended to bloom in ,may1 that have not been stopped since cutting down1 will be putting up their trusses1 on sunny days syringe them lightly1 and shut the house up warm1 with the sun upon it1 about three or four o'clock in the afternoon4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,keep a lively growing temperature here during the day1 with a plentiful supply of moisture4 ,syringe1 and shut up early1 with #hj deg4 or more1 allowing a fall of #bj deg4 during the night4 ,shake out and repot in succession the stove plants that have been previously recommended to be headed back1 and encourage a free growth by plunging them1 if possible1 in bottom heat4 ,smaller pots to be used until they have filled them with roots1 they may then receive one bold shift that might probably be sufficient for the season4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,cherries4--,these may now want thinning if too thickly set2 but the operation must be influenced by the energies of the tree and the action of the roots4 ,endeavour to keep the atmosphere like fine mild weather in ,may4 ,during the period of the stoning of the fruit1 give the trees no water at the roots1 as this is generally one of the chief causes of so much of it falling off at that time4 ,figs4--,when the fruit is swelling off1 the trees to be liberally supplied with water4 ,the young shoots to be stopped to four or five eyes1 with the exception of those that are required to fill up vacancies4 ,melons4--,continue the thinning1 stopping1 training1 c41 as required4 ,set the early crops when in blossom1 keeping a dry and lively atmosphere during that period4 ,air to be given freely in favourable weather1 but cautiously1 with some contrivance to break cold winds4 ,do not allow a plant to swell a fruit until sufficiently strong to sustain it4 ,peaches4--,be moderate in the application of fire heat to those that are stoning 7they make little or no progress in swelling during the period7--say #fe deg4 by day and #fj deg4 by night2 but when they commence their second swell increase the heat moderately4 ,stop all luxuriant shoots1 and thin out in the second house all clusters of fruit when about the size of ,peas4 ,pines4--,the fruiting plants will be benefited by a watering with manure water as soon as the bloom is set4 ,succession plants1 if recently shifted1 to be shaded in the middle of the day if the sun is powerful2 to be kept rather close and dry1 except slight sprinklings over the tops1 until they have taken root1 when they may be watered freely1 and will generally require no more to be given for a week or ten days4 ,vines4--,the atmosphere in the early house1 where the bunches have been thinned1 to be kept pure by a gradual increase of air and moisture4 ,the night temperature to be kept up to #fe deg41 with an increase of #aj deg4 by day1 and even more in bright sunshine4 ,the second house may now be in bloom1 and will require attention in tying the shoots and keeping up the necessary amount of heat1 with less moisture4 ,where the fruit is set1 give the ,vines a good syringing1 to wash off the flowers2 after which the leaves and fruit should not be again wetted1 but to be supplied with atmospheric moisture by watering the floor of the house1 and sprinkling the flues or pipes1 or from evaporating-troughs or pans4 ,give plenty of tepid manure water to the ,vines fruiting in pots4 ,,fourth ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,as the great proportion of greenhouse plants are now commencing1 or are in active growth1 constant attention will be required for the judicious regulation of temperature1 and for the admission of fresh air during fickle and ungenial weather1 and in the supply of water to the roots1 and atmospheric moisture4 ,when settled fine spring weather has arrived1 every plant which inhabits a pot should be brought at once under review1 and put in proper condition for the growing season4 ,no fear need then be apprehended from potting4 ,keep up a moist atmosphere by sprinkling1 c41 and admit plenty of air1 bearing in mind former directions as to draughts1 c4 ,if the plants in the borders1 or any of the climbers1 are dry1 give them a good soaking of weak1 tepid manure water4 ,trellis climbers to be frequently attended to--stopping1 training1 and arranging their shoots4 ,balsams4--,encourage the growth of them and other such tender annuals by potting them when the roots begin to cluster round the side of the pot4 ,calceolarias 7,herbaceous74--,shift on the young stock1 keeping the plants well down in the pots1 so as to bring the earth in the pots up to the lowermost leaves1 to induce the plants to throw out fresh rootlets from the stem4 ,keep a sharp look out for green fly4 ,climbers4--,prune off superfluous shoots2 stop or pinch out the tops of gross leaders1 and keep them neatly tied and trained4 ,cockscombs4--,to remain in small pots until they begin to show flower4 ,dahlias4--,pot off cuttings as soon as struck4 ,fuchsias4--,continue to shift young plants into larger-sized pots1 according to their height and strength2 to be kept growing by placing them in a brisk1 moist heat4 ,cuttings to be potted off as soon as they are sufficiently rooted2 to be placed in a temperature similar to that in which they were struck4 ,sow in heat seeds of stove and greenhouse plants4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,attend to regular shifting1 watering1 and a free and healthy circulation of air1 without draught1 early in the morning to stove plants4 ,continue to cut down1 disroot1 and repot1 as advised last week1 those which have been flowering through the winter4 ,to be then favoured with a bottom heat of from #ge deg4 to #hj deg41 and slightly shaded during bright sunshine4 ,some of the young plants in the stove which are growing on for specimens will probably require a second shift1 see to them in time2 and if they are in good health treat them liberally by giving a large shift1 especially to plants of free growth4 ,give plenty of air at all favourable opportunities1 and saturate the atmosphere with moisture4 ,the surface of the tan to be stirred once or twice a-week1 and sprinkle it occasionally with manure water1 to produce a moist1 congenial atmosphere about the plants4 ,shut up with plenty of sun heat4 ,look sharply after mealy-bug and thrips4 ,achimenes4--,the plants established in small pots may be removed into the flowering-pans1 putting six plants into a pan4 ,orchids4--,increase the temperature1 and ply the syringe among them1 as they will now grow rapidly4 ,be careful not to throw too much water over those sending out succulent flower-stalks1 for they may damp off4 ,ferret out and destroy cockroaches1 woodlice1 and snails4 ,calantha veratifolia1 ,neottia picta1 ,n4 elata1 ,phaius of sorts1 some varieties of ,stanhopea1 ,zygopetaltum ,mackayii1 and other such ,orchids that are now making their growth1 would be benefited by an application of clear1 diluted manure water occasionally2 a kindly humidity to be kept up1 and the shading to be in readiness for use during bright mid-day sun4 ,,pits ,,and ,,frames4 ,sow tender and half-hardy annuals2 pot off those already up2 give air daily1 and never allow the plants to flag for want of water4 ,pot off cuttings of ,dahlias1 and continue the propagation of ,fuchsias1 ,heliotropes1 ,petunias1 ,verbenas1 and bedding-plants generally4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,beans 7,french74--,give them1 when in a bearing state1 a liberal supply of manure water1 and see to keeping up a succession of them4 ,cherries4--,when you are sure that the fruit is finally stoned1 the temperature may be raised a few degrees2 air and water overhead to be liberally supplied4 ,cucumbers4--,as soon as the frames are uncovered in the morning give a little air for an hour1 to let the stagnant and foul air pass off1 when they may be closed again till the day is further advanced4 ,as soon as the principal shoots have reached the side of the frame1 never allow any of the laterals to grow more than two joints before being stopped4 ,stop frequently1 and thin liberally2 where two fruit show at a joint pinch one away4 ,figs4--,if red spider should be observed1 wash the flues or the walls exposed to the sun with lime and sulphur4 ,melons4--,those lately planted out to be encouraged with a close1 moist heat1 to get them into free growth as quickly as possible4 ,the plants that are fairly established to be kept cooler1 admitting air at every favourable opportunity1 to produce short-jointed fruitful wood4 ,the shoots to be kept thin and regular1 pinching out any that are not wanted4 ,the night temperature not to exceed #fe deg41 and air to be admitted as soon as the thermometer rises to #ge deg42 but to be given very cautiously during cold winds4 ,prepare for raising plenty of young plants for succession crops1 and endeavour to have them strong and vigorous by keeping them near the glass2 to be provided1 when they require it1 with plenty of pot-room4 ,keep up the heat in the beds by renewing the linings2 the coverings at night to be regulated in accordance with the heat of the beds1 taking care that the mats do not hang over either the front or back of the frames4 ,mushrooms4--,collect materials for fresh beds1 and give those that have been some time in bearing good soakings of manure water2 sprinkle the floor and heating apparatus occasionally4 ,the conditions of success are to have the materials for making the beds well prepared and sweet--that is1 free from rank steam1 and the spawn to be put in whilst the heat keeps regular and moderate1 and the beds are coated over to keep it so until the spawn is well established4 ,peaches4--,remove all superfluous shoots1 and tie in neatly those that are left2 thin the fruit that is swelling off before stoning1 leaving more than may be ultimately required1 as1 in stoning1 it is liable to drop off4 ,syringe the trees daily in fine weather4 ,where it is intended to force ,peaches1 ,cherries1 c41 in pots next season1 and some suitable trees have to be provided1 it should be no longer postponed4 ,it is a good plan to pot some maiden plants every year1 to succeed any that may become useless4 ,pines4--,give plants swelling their fruit plenty of manure water1 and a humid atmosphere4 ,the fruiting-house may range from #hj deg4 to #he deg4 during the day1 and as near #gj deg4 as possible at night2 the succession-pits from #ge deg4 to #hj deg4 during day1 and #fj deg4 to #fe deg4 at night4 ,these particulars to be modified by the state of the weather1 whether sunny or dull4 ,strawberries4--,they require plenty of light and air to set their fruit1 when they may be removed without fear of injury to a stove1 or any other house or pit possessing a higher temperature4 ,the plants swelling their fruit require a liberal supply of water1 and a sprinkling overhead daily4 ,when the fruit begins to change colour the sprinkling to be dispensed with1 and the supply of water at the roots to be given sparingly4 ,vines4--,if the ,grapes are colouring1 a free circulation of air1 accompanied with a high temperature1 will be advantageous4 ,attention to be given1 where fermenting materials have been used for warming the borders1 that the heat is not allowed to decline at present under the influence of the ,march winds4 ,attend to last week's advice as to tying1 disbudding1 c41 and proceed with the thinning the fruit in the succession-house as soon as the berries are fairly set4 ,when thinning be as careful as possible of the bunches--neither pull them about with the hand1 by which rust on the berries is frequently produced1 nor with whatever the shoulders may be held up by at the time of thinning1 as1 by the twisting of the stalks1 shanking is not unfrequently produced4 ,attention to be given in stopping all laterals1 and breaking off all useless shoots for the more free admission of light1 which is most beneficial in every stage of their growth4 ,look over houses where the fruit is swelling1 and see if any of the bunches would be improved by tying up the shoulders4 ,any healthy ,vines1 but not of good kinds1 should be inarched before the wood gets too old4 ,,april4 ,,first ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,the shifting and repotting of all specimen plants in these houses have been completed1 ,i hope1 before this time2 but if not1 the sooner they are done the better4 ,keep up a moist atmosphere1 sprinkling the plants with tepid water twice or thrice a week2 and pay attention to the destruction of insects the moment you can perceive them4 ,camellias4--,as the plants go out of bloom1 it is advisable to syringe them freely1 shutting up early with solar heat1 and maintaining a kindly humidity during the time they are making their growth4 ,fuchsias4--,supply them liberally with water when in full growth1 and shade slightly during bright sunshine4 ,heaths4--,to be kept free from strong currents of dry air2 rambling growth to be stopped4 ,liliums4--,give them a liberal supply of water1 and a top dressing of turfy peat1 sand1 and well-decomposed cowdung4 ,new ,holland ,plants4--,give such plants as young ,boronias1 ,dillwynias1 ,dracophyllums1 ,eriostemons1 ,leschenaultias1 ,pimeleas1 ,polygalas1 c41 a tolerably-close corner of the house2 stop the young growth as it may require it2 keep them clean1 and repot them when necessary4 ,pelargoniums4--,tie and stake the larger plants neatly1 without loss of time1 and shift the smaller ones into larger pots4 ,the roots will feed greedily on oyster-shells1 broken very fine at the bottom of the pot4 ,put in cuttings for flowering in ,september and ,october4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,keep up a sweet1 moist atmosphere with a regular circulation of air1 using an abundance of water about the floors2 and syringe frequently air plants and others suspended4 ,shut up a solar heat1 if possible1 of #hj deg4 towards three or four o'clock4 ,achimenes4--,shift them1 and also ,gesneras1 and pot others for succession4 ,begonias4--,when the flowers begin to decline1 the plants may be reduced1 and potted into smaller pots1 and be kept close for some time afterwards4 ,put in cuttings of them1 if not attended to before2 and also cuttings of ,eranthemums1 ,euphorbias1 ,gesneras1 ,justicias1 ,linums1 c4 ,clerodendrons4--,give them plenty of room and encouragement to grow4 ,orchids4--,they should have a mild1 but regularly moist1 atmosphere for a few weeks until they begin to grow2 no water to be applied until that period1 and then with moderation4 ,,forcing-,,pit4 ,get in ,balsams1 ,cockscombs1 ,globe ,amaranthuses1 and other such plants from the dung-frame1 that will be useful for the summer and autumn decoration of the greenhouse and conservatory4 ,,forcing-,,house4 ,cherries4--,if all the petals have dropped1 and the fruit is set1 the temperature may be raised to #fj deg4 by day and #ej deg4 by night1 and syringed in the evening three or four times during the week4 ,a sharp look out should be kept for curled leaves1 and the grubs that nestle in them destroyed4 ,figs4--,if the fruit is swelling off1 supply the trees liberally with water2 stop the young shoots at the fourth or fifth eye4 ,temperature1 #fe deg4 by day and #ee deg4 by night4 ,melons4--,the supply of air and water must be regulated by the state of the weather and the temperature of the bed4 ,the plants sometimes show one or two fruit at an early period of their growth1 which should be picked off1 as they would prevent the swelling off of others4 ,the vines1 or shoots1 after being frequently stopped1 and when they have nearly filled the frame1 or other allotted space1 several fruit should be impregnated at one time4 ,sow for successional crop4 ,peaches and ,nectarines4--,pinch off laterals1 and tie in the shoots as they advance in growth4 ,if green fly makes its appearance1 fumigate the house2 but if only a few shoots are infested1 dip them in tobacco water4 ,when the fruit in the early house are stoned1 thin them to the number you wish to retain1 and use a pair of scissors1 which is better than pulling them off4 ,pine ,apples4--,the plants should now be making rapid growth1 and1 therefore1 will require a liberal supply of water4 ,fruiting plants may now be turned out of their pots into prepared beds1 selecting those that are not very forward4 ,the fruiting-house may range from #hj deg4 to #he deg4 during day1 and from #fe deg4 to #gj deg4 at night4 ,the successions from #ge deg4 to #hj deg4 by day1 and from #fe deg4 to #gj deg4 at night4 ,strawberries4--,when out of bloom1 give them a liberal supply of water1 syringe freely1 and keep down insects by fumigation4 ,vines4--,if forcing were begun early in ,december1 whether with ,vines in pots or established vines1 the colouring process will have now commenced4 ,when such is the case1 admit air freely on all favourable opportunities2 but avoid draughts1 or cutting winds1 which frequently cause rust and other imperfections in the bunches4 ,in the later houses1 attend to thinning1 tying1 and stopping laterals4 ,the last house to be closed early in the afternoon4 ,as the buds1 in most cases1 will be considerably advanced1 it is advisable to syringe frequently2 to apply plenty of moisture to the floors and paths2 and to postpone the application of fire-heat as long as possible4 ,,second ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,some of the most hardy and woody plants may be removed from the greenhouse to a cold pit1 where they can be protected from frost4 ,it will make more room for the ,cinerarias1 ,pelargoniums1 and other such plants4 ,azaleas4--,such as have done blooming to be repotted1 and their fresh growth to be gently promoted in a higher temperature for a short time4 ,camellias4--,continue to keep a moist atmosphere about the plants making wood1 with a temperature of about #fe deg4 by day and #ee deg4 by night4 ,air to be given at all opportunities1 to produce sturdy1 short-jointed wood4 ,the plants in flower to be shaded during bright sunshine4 ,cinerarias4--,regular attention to be given to them1 that they may not suffer by want of water4 ,climbers4--,regulate them as they grow1 more particularly those in pots which are intended to cover a wire trellis4 ,kennedyas1 ,thunbergias1 ,nierembergias1 ,tropaeolums1 and other such plants of a slender and tender habit1 delight in a soil the greater proportion being composed of leaf mould4 ,chrysanthemums4--,strike cuttings1 and pot off rooted suckers4 ,heaths4--,any requiring repotting1 should receive that attention without delay1 apportioning the size of the pot to the vigour of their growth2 as the free-growing kinds will require more room than the less vigorous ones4 ,new ,holland ,plants4--,as many of them are now either in flower1 or approaching that state1 they will1 consequently1 require a larger quantity of water1--more especially large specimens not shifted since last season4 ,continue to pinch off the tops of the leading shoots1 to produce bushy plants4 ,pelargoniums4--,attention to be given in tying up1 watering1 and fumigating1 if the green fly appears4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,as the soft-wooded stove plants will now be making rapid growth1 the free admission of light is necessary to prevent them from drawing2 using shade only during scorching sunshine4 ,when a plant is shifted1 give less water to the roots2 as the fresh soil1 after the first watering will be moist enough for some time4 ,some of the free-growing kinds of ,cattleyas1 ,calanthes1 ,phaiuses1 ,saccolabiums1 ,stanhopeas1 and ,zygopetalums1 should be encouraged to make kindly growth by frequent syringings about their pots1 blocks1 or baskets4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,cherries4--,the principal objects to be attended to are--abundance of air1 with due precaution against cold draughts1 a moist atmosphere1 and the free application of the syringe4 ,the temperature the same as last week4 ,particular attention in watering to be paid to the trees in pots1--as too much is as bad as1 if not worse than1 too little4 ,figs4--,continue stopping the young shoots at the fourth or fifth eye4 ,keep the syringe in frequent use until the fruits begin to change for ripening4 ,plenty of water1 and occasionally a little weak tepid liquid manure1 to be given at the roots1 more especially when they are confined in pots or tubs4 ,melons4--,as soon as a sufficient number of fruit blossoms for a crop are expanded1 or are likely to expand within a day or two of each other1 they should be impregnated4 ,as prevention is better than cure1 keep the plants in a healthy-growing state by frequent syringings in fine weather1 and closing early2 insects will but rarely1 if ever1 attack thriving plants4 ,peaches and ,nectarines4--,as soon as the stoning of the fruit in the early house is completed1 give them a good watering with clear1 weak liquid manure2 keep the shoots tied in regularly1 and pinch off all laterals4 ,if the fruits in the late house are set1 partially thin them2 as more dependence may now be placed on a crop than at an earlier period of the season4 ,pine ,apples4--,fruiting plants will be greatly benefited by strong solar heat1 as1 under its influence1 evaporation will be rapid2 therefore1 water must be applied to both roots and leaves4 ,succession plants to be shaded during sudden bright sunshine or sunbursts2 and be guided in the application of water by the active or inactive state of the roots4 ,vines4--,thinning the fruit is an operation of primary importance4 ,the first thinning to be performed when the berries are the size of ,peas2 the second when they begin to be crowded2 and the third after the berries are stoned4 ,a piece of strong wire1 eight or ten inches long1 crooked at one end1 is useful to draw the bunches backward and forward1 as the operator may require4 ,the ,vines in the late house to be tied up as soon as they begin to break4 ,syringe them every fine afternoon1 and close the house early4 ,give air early in the morning1 that the leaves may become gradually dry before the sun acts powerfully upon them4 ,,third ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,keep the conservatory as cool by day as is consistent with the health of the plants4 ,by such means they will remain longer in bloom1 and will be more enjoyable for parties inspecting them4 ,camellias4--,continue to encourage the growth of those that have done flowering by increasing the temperature1 by frequent syringings1 and by a liberal supply of water at the roots4 ,if any have made their growth1 and have formed their blossom-buds1 they will require more light and less moisture for the future4 ,cinerarias4--,to continue them in a healthy blooming state it is necessary to attend to them carefully1 that they may not droop for want of water1 nor be saturated with it4 ,when the sun is powerful1 slight shading is necessary for a few hours in the middle of the day1 to prevent the blooms from losing their brilliancy2 and plenty of air to be given when the weather is mild4 ,fuchsias4--,having been treated with plenty of heat and moisture1 they will now be making rapid growth1 and will be fit to shift into their blooming-pots1 using a light1 rich soil for the purpose4 ,new ,holland ,plants4--,top and syringe frequently all such plants as are growing freely4 ,stake and tie them as they may require4 ,pelargoniums4--,continue to stake and tie the shoots that require it in due time4 ,some clear liquid manure 7cowdung water1 for instance7 may be given to plants that are well established with roots and showing their trusses of bloom2 and sufficient space to be given for each plant to develope its natural beauty4 ,we would advise shading only when there is a fear of scorching from the usual sudden sunbursts of ,april weather4 ,ply the syringe every fine evening to refresh the plants1 and to keep down insects1 until the flowers expand1 when syringing should be discontinued4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,the stove plants recently potted will now be making fresh growth4 ,allow no diminution of bottom heat1 and keep up a warm1 moist atmosphere4 ,give air when the thermometer indicates #ij deg44 ,continue to shift ,gesneras1 ,clerodendrons1 and other such free-growing plants1 as they require it4 ,the ,brassias1 ,cattleyas1 some of the ,dendrobiums1 ,gongoras1 ,peristerias1 ,phaiuses1 ,sobralias1 ,zygopetalums1 and other such ,orchids1 will now be growing freely1 and will therefore require a considerable amount of atmospheric moisture4 ,if the roof is covered with climbers1 a little management in trimming them will obviate the necessity of outside shading1 and will give an additional feature of interest to the house4 ,the plants on blocks1 or suspended in baskets1 will require very frequent syringings to keep them in a healthy-growing state4 ,plants in bloom may be removed to the conservatory1 or any other house with a drier atmosphere1 to prolong their period of blooming4 ,,forcing-,,house4 ,cherries4--,when they begin to change they will require free exposure to light1 and abundance of air1 to bring out their colour2 and1 at the same time1 a diminution in the supply of water4 ,carefully examine all curled leaves1 and destroy the grubs they contain4 ,if the trees are very luxuriant1 and are making strong foreright shoots1 stop them to within a few buds of the main branch4 ,figs4--,give the trees in pots some clear liquid manure when they are swelling off4 ,stop the shoots at about six or eight inches1 and thin out any useless shoots4 ,syringe and water freely4 ,melons4--,keep the vines thin1 and stop regularly4 ,shade only in very hot weather4 ,water sparingly overhead4 ,plant out succession crops4 ,peaches and ,nectarines4--,when the fruit in the early house has gone through the critical process of stoning1 the final thinning should take place2 the borders--if inside1 or out1 or both--should be copiously supplied with water2 using liquid manure whenever a weak habit1 from poor soil or over-exhaustion1 shows it to be necessary4 ,syringings to be given twice a-day--early in the morning and at shutting-up time4 ,the night temperature to be no more than #ej deg42 but during the day it may range to #he deg41 if accompanied with air in liberal quantities4 ,pine ,apples4--,lessen the moisture amongst the fruiting plants when they approach maturity4 ,shift and grow on the young stock in a moist atmosphere2 admit air freely in fine weather2 prepare beds1 and turn out the plants1 if preferred4 ,strawberries4--,they should be kept near the glass3 temperature1 #fe deg4 to #gj deg4 by day1 and #ee deg4 to #fj deg4 by night2 succession crops rather cooler4 ,reduce the water to those ripening4 ,support the stems1 and thin the fruit where superior produce is wanted4 ,keep them clear of runners and decayed leaves1 and give an abundance of air4 ,vines4--,continue to thin the ,grapes in the early houses3 a few berries may require to be taken out of some of the bunches up to the time of their changing colour4 ,keep up a high temperature--about #ge deg4 by day and #fj deg4 by night3 in later houses1 where the bunches are in course of formation1 it is a great object to bring them out well4 ,in later houses1 where the bunches are formed1 or in bloom1 let the heat be moderately increased1 and admit an abundance of air at all favourable opportunities4 ,shift pot ,vines often1 and keep them near the light4 ,,fourth ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,the plants that are introduced to the conservatory from the stove1 forcing-pit1 or any other such structures1 merely for the blooming season1 will require particular care to be taken in the application of water that they may not become sodden and diseased4 ,continue to stop1 prune1 or pinch back all rambling and luxuriant shoots in due time4 ,stir the surface of the bed in the conservatory1 and apply fresh soil1 to maintain the plants in good health4 ,azaleas1 ,chinese4--,supply them liberally with water at their roots during their blooming season1 and prevent damp and drip from injuring the bloom4 ,calceolarias4--,the herbaceous sorts that have been pushed along in a gentle heat will now be showing bloom1 and will require to be grown in a cool1 airy place1 to prevent the flower-stems from being too much drawn4 ,keep down green fly4 ,shift on young stock1 keeping the plants well down in the pots as they throw out fresh rootlets from the stem4 ,cuttings taken off now will root readily in a gentle bottom heat4 ,camellias4--,apply shading the moment it is necessary1 to protect the young leaves4 ,fuchsias4--,grow them steadily on in a moist1 warm temperature4 ,use the syringe freely4 ,stop any that have a tendency to be long-jointed1 to produce uniform and bushy plants4 ,heaths4--,admit air liberally to them1 and such other hard-wooded plants that are now in bloom1 or approaching that state4 ,pelargoniums4--,shift on young plants4 ,any that are wanted for late blooming should now be stopped4 ,rhododendrons1 ,hybrid ,indian4--,treat as advised for ,azaleas4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,continue a kindly moistness amongst the ,orchids1 and slightly increase the temperature4 ,shade with tiffany1 or close-meshed netting1 in bright sunny weather2 removing it early in the afternoon4 ,water liberally all that are making free growth4 ,repot any that may require it as soon as they have fairly commenced their growth4 ,continue to give liberal shifts to the free-growing young stock of stove plants1 slightly shading for a few hours in hot weather1 shutting up early in the afternoon1 and producing a kindly humid atmosphere by damping the walls1 floors1 pots1 c4 ,begonias4--,repot and propagate4 ,this is one of the most useful tribe of plants that can be grown1 both for the stove and the adornment of the conservatory4 ,clerodendrons4--,encourage by a moist heat4 ,climbers4--,keep them neatly tied up1 and give them liberal supplies of water1 if in pots4 ,gardenias4--,they delight in a close atmosphere2 a pit with dung linings is most congenial to them4 ,gesnera zebrina4--,pot bulbs for late flowering4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,cherries4--,thin out the fruit where in large clusters2 admit plenty of air at favourable opportunities1 and never allow the trees in tubs1 or pots1 to become dry4 ,figs4--,the same as last week4 ,peaches and ,nectarines4--,keep the leading shoots regularly tied in1 and pinch out the points of some of the stronger ones4 ,pine ,apples4--,it is advisable to keep all that are starting1 or have already started1 into fruit1 at one end of the house1 or pit1 that more air may be admitted to them than to the others more advanced1 to produce a more robust growth1 and to avoid the necessity of using stakes to support the fruit4 ,air to be admitted freely to the succession plants at every favourable opportunity4 ,strawberries 7in pots74--,where fruit are colouring1 keep a rather dry atmosphere1 with a liberal supply of air1 in order to secure flavour4 ,when the plants are in bloom1 keep them near the glass1 and the atmosphere dry1 with a good supply of fresh air2 but avoid currents of frosty air4 ,introduce succession plants under glass according to the demand4 ,do not expose those from which fruit has been picked to the open air till well hardened off4 ,give them the protection of a cold pit for a time1 as they are invaluable in open-air plantations4 ,vines4--,where the fruit is on the change to colouring admit air on every favourable opportunity1 not forgetting to give it in the morning before the sun shines on the house1 to prevent the condensed vapour1 which would affect them injuriously1 from settling on the bunches4 ,attend to stopping the laterals1 thinning the young shoots1 tying in leaders1 c41 in the later houses4 ,remove the top dressing from the outside border1 to allow the increasing power of the sun to act beneficially upon it4 ,,may4 ,,first ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,attend in due time to all plants that require potting into larger pots2 and pinch off the tops of all that are of a rambling or loose habit of growth1 to make them compact and bushy4 ,azaleas4--,as soon as they are out of bloom1 take them into heat to make their growth1 syringing them frequently and supplying them occasionally with manure water1 and shade for a short time in the middle of the day when the sun is powerful4 ,calceolarias4--,give them weak liquid manure occasionally1 and shade those in bloom4 ,cinerarias4--,when done flowering1 cut the stems down1 to favour the development of suckers1 and remove them to a cold pit or frame4 ,climbers4--,keep all neatly trained4 ,heaths and ,new ,holland ,plants4--,the late-flowering sorts1 or such as have already flowered1 and the young stock intended for another season1 may be removed to cold pits or frames4 ,such plants as require it must be shifted1 stopped1 and shaded2 particular attention being paid that they do not get dry at the root4 ,pelargoniums4--,shade such as are in flower2 and shift and stop such as are wanted to flower late4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,keep up a kind humidity and a gradual increase of temperature in correspondence with the increase of solar light1 and shut up early in the afternoon with sun heat4 ,continue to propagate the choice stove plants1 and keep all free from insects4 ,achimenes4--,pot off4 ,begonias4--,continue to repot as they go out of bloom1 pruning in any straggling shoots1 and propagate as advised last week4 ,keep them close1 and syringe frequently1 when they will soon commence growing4 ,keep them some distance apart1 to allow their fine foliage to expand4 ,the following are good sorts3--,prestoniensis1 ,cinnabarina1 ,fuchsioides1 ,martiana1 ,zebrina1 ,barkeri1 ,rubra1 and ,argyrostigma4 ,gloxinias4--,repot where necessary4 ,succulents4--,opuntias1 ,melocacti1 and ,epiphyllum1 to be excited into vigorous growth by intense light and abundance of heat and moisture4 ,,forcing-,,house4 ,cherries4--,temperature #fe deg4 to #gj deg4 by day and #ej deg4 at night1 and give plenty of air2 but guard against wet and cold4 ,figs4--,stop and thin the shoots4 ,keep a damp atmosphere1 and use the syringe over the foliage1 when the house1 or pit1 is shut up in the afternoon1 to keep down red spider4 ,when the fruit is ripening1 the syringe must be dispensed with1 and the atmosphere kept drier2 but1 as there is generally a succession of fruit on the trees1 water must not be wholly withheld at the time of the first crop ripening1 as it would endanger the succeeding one2 but it may be given more sparingly4 ,melons4--,stop and keep the shoots very thin4 ,when the crop is safely set1 give the soil a good soaking of clear1 tepid manure water4 ,let swelling fruit be exposed as much as possible to the light4 ,peaches4--,continue to stop all gross shoots1 which will both increase the size of the fruit and the smaller shoots at the bottom of the tree4 ,the syringe1 when used frequently1 is useful for the same purpose1 and to keep down insects4 ,air and light to be admitted1 to give flavour and colouring to the ripening fruit4 ,pines4--,the fruiting plants now swelling1 and in pots1 may be treated with a little clear liquid manure4 ,guano water1 or soot water1 or both combined1 will produce a perceptible improvement in foliage and growth1 with the caution that it be given in a warm1 clear state1 and not too strong4 ,ply the syringe freely on warm afternoons1 and close up with a temperature of #he deg4 or #ij deg42 giving air again towards evening4 ,when indications of ripening by changing colour appear1 desist from the use of the syringe1 and give them no further supplies at the root4 ,strawberries4--,when ripening their fruit they may be placed in a frame where a free admission of air can be given4 ,vines4--,encourage the young stock intended for growing in pots next year1 to make healthy1 luxuriant growth1 by giving them plenty of pot room and manure water1 to set them in a light situation in some of the forcing-houses1 and to pay early attention to the leaders as they advance in growth4 ,where ,muscats are growing with ,hamburghs and other such free-setting varieties1 it is advisable to keep up a brisk day-temperature for the ,muscats during their season of blooming1 and until their berries are fairly set1 with a reduction to a night-temperature of #fe deg4 or #fh deg41 to suit the other varieties4 ,,second ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,a free ventilation is of importance1 and by closing with a humid atmosphere early in the evening a vigorous growth will be promoted4 ,liberal shifts to be given to such plants as may now require them1 before their roots become matted4 ,remove all plants intended for bedding out1 and let them remain for a short time under the protection of a cold frame1 or in beds hooped over1 and covered at night with mats1 or other such protecting materials4 ,this gradually-hardening-off will better enable them to withstand unfavourable weather1 if it should occur after they are planted out4 ,azaleas4--,all irregularities of growth should be corrected by pruning4 ,we have lately seen the beneficial effects of close pruning on such plants2 they had been cut in severely last season by removing strong1 straggling branches of old wood1 to give some a spherical and others a pyramidal form4 ,when pruned1 the ball was reduced1 the plant fresh potted in a smaller-sized pot1 and the peat soil rammed as hard as it was possible to make it2 then watered1 and introduced to heat4 ,the plants treated in that manner are now covered with bloom1 and in a high state of vigour4 ,heaths4--,keep the tops pinched off1 to form bushy plants4 ,new ,holland ,plants4--,some of them of weak growth1 and which naturally make long1 straggling shoots1 are much improved by bending down the branches1 and fixing them to a wire hoop1 or string attached to the rim of the pot4 ,by such means the nakedness of the plant at its base is hidden1 and the check imposed on the ascent of the sap will induce an increased supply of shoots4 ,pick off the seed-pods as the plants go out of bloom4 ,cut back and arrange the shoots in the best manner1 to produce compact growth4 ,pelargoniums4--,all that are showing bloom1 unless of very gross habit1 will receive benefit from a supply of a little weak manure water4 ,for that purpose put cow1 horse1 or sheepdung into a tub1 and to one peck add five gallons of rain or other soft water4 ,when taking it for use draw it off clear1 and give the plants a watering twice a week4 ,give air freely1 shut up early1 and syringe the plants overhead till the flowers expand1 when syringing should be discontinued4 ,as the petals are apt to drop very soon in hot weather1 it is recommended to touch the centre of the flower with a camel-hair pencil1 or small feather1 dipped in gum water1 which will stick the petals together and prolong the blooming4 ,such is the general practice at our metropolitan exhibitions4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,as the stove plants grow1 allow them more space1 especially such plants as are prized for the beauty of their foliage4 ,give frequent attention to stopping and training4 ,look to the climbers frequently1 to regulate their growth and to prevent entanglement1 and a world of trouble and confusion4 ,put in cuttings of such plants as ,brugmansias1 ,clerodendrons1 ,eranthemums1 ,erythrinas1 ,poinsettias1 and those winter-flowering plants ,euphorbia jaquiniflora and the ,gesnera bulbosa4 ,where there is only one house in which to grow ,orchids1 a compromise as to temperature must be made to suit the natives of the hot and moist valleys or shady woods of the ,east1 and those which inhabit high and airy regions in the ,western hemisphere4 ,to accomplish this it is advisable to allow a free circulation of air during the early part of the day1 with an abundance of atmospheric moisture1 and to shut up early in the afternoon with a high degree of temperature4 ,achimenes4--,they delight in a moist heat1 and a partially-shaded situation4 ,more air to be given as they advance in growth4 ,the shoots to be staked out neatly4 ,gesneras to be treated similarly1 with the addition of more light4 ,gloxinias4--,the same as ,achimenes4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,cherries4--,give more air1 and keep a drier atmosphere when the fruit is ripening4 ,give plenty of water to the trees swelling their fruit4 ,keep them free from insects1 or the fruit will be of little value4 ,figs4--,air freely1 to give flavour to the fruit now ripening4 ,avoid wetting the fruit when it begins to soften4 ,melons4--,keep up the heat of the beds by renewing or turning the linings4 ,slightly shade the plants when the sun is powerful1 to keep the foliage in a healthy state1 without which good fruit cannot be produced4 ,when the frames are at liberty1 ,melons may be grown in them with a little assistance from dung heat at bottom4 ,peaches4--,give a liberal supply of air1 with less water1 to trees1 the fruit of which are ripening4 ,pines4--,continue the previous instructions in the management of the plants in the different stages of growth4 ,vines4--,thin and stop the shoots1 and thin the berries in good time4 ,attend to the late crops1 and set1 by hand1 the blossoms of ,muscats1 ,west's ,st4 ,peter's1 and other shy setters4 ,be sure that inside borders are properly supplied with water1 giving sufficient quantities to thoroughly moisten the whole mass of soil4 ,,third ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,attend carefully to the stock of plants for summer and autumn decoration1 and do not allow them to suffer for want of pot room and water4 ,azaleas4--,continue to encourage all that have flowered by timely potting1 syringings1 and applications of weak liquid manure4 ,camellias4--,introduce a gradual declension of artificial heat amongst all that have completed their growth4 ,a curtailment in the supply of water1 giving merely sufficient to keep them from flagging1 will induce the production of blossom-buds4 ,epacris4--,repot with a pretty large shift the early-flowering sorts that have freely commenced their growth4 ,use good fibrous heath soil1 rejecting any of a spongy or greasy nature4 ,such plants1 for some time after being newly shifted1 require particular attention in watering1 that the soil may not become soddened4 ,let the plants be placed in a cold pit1 and be slightly shaded during bright sunshine4 ,the stopping or pinching out the points of strong shoots must be regularly attended to during their growing season1 to establish a uniformity of sturdy growth4 ,heaths and ,new ,holland ,plants4--,all that have flowered1 and have made their season's growth1 may be removed to cold pits1 or frames1 to allow those that remain1 and are promising to flower1 more air1 sun and light4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,keep up a liberal supply of humidity1 with ventilation1 at favourable opportunities4 ,the plants here should now be growing very freely1 and should1 therefore1 receive frequent attention as to stopping1 training1 c4 ,keep them properly accommodated with pot room1 and allow them all the sunshine they will bear without scorching2 also1 allow them sufficient space for the development of their foliage4 ,plenty of moisture is now requisite to encourage a free growth in ,orchids1 to get their pseudo-bulbs firm1 well nourished1 and ripened in good time4 ,free ventilation in favourable weather and a slight shading in bright sunshine are also requisites for their healthy growth4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,cherries4--,when the fruit is ripening1 air to be given freely1 even to the drawing the lights off completely in favourable weather4 ,fires may be discontinued altogether1 unless the nights are very cold4 ,figs4--,give them plenty of water in all their stages of growth2 discontinue the use of the syringe during the ripening process4 ,they frequently require attention in stopping all long young shoots4 ,melons4--,if there is a sufficient depth of soil for the plants1 they will not require any large supplies of water after the fruit is swelling off2 but it will be necessary to sprinkle the plants overhead1 and to shut up early every fine afternoon with a good heat4 ,lay the fruit on a tile or piece of slate4 ,peaches4--,when the fruit is swelling off1 or beginning to ripen1 admit air freely in favourable weather1 even to the drawing off the lights entirely1 so as to admit a free circulation and the direct influence of the sun1 by which flavour and colour are best attained4 ,continue to stop all very-luxuriant shoots1 and thin out the young wood4 ,some persons lay in plenty of young wood to select from in winter pruning2 but fruit-bearing wood1 regularly disposed all over the tree1 is best attained by the judicious and successive thinning of useless shoots during their growing season4 ,continue to tie in the shoots of the late houses4 ,pineries4--,when the repotting of the plants has recently taken place it will be necessary to shade for several hours1 during bright sunshine1 for a few days2 but for the general stock shading should be dispensed with as much as possible--as short1 stiff leaves and sturdy growth are best attained by judicious airings and humidity4 ,do not water much at the root immediately after repotting4 ,maintain a brisk bottom heat to the succession plants4 ,admit plenty of air during favourable weather4 ,vineries4--,as the fruit in the early houses become coloured1 it is advisable to remove all superfluous or rambling shoots2 but to retain and to preserve with the greatest care the principal leaves--as the good quality of the fruit and the healthy condition of the tree for the ensuing season will depend upon the number and healthy state of the principal leaves4 ,,fourth ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,as most plants here are now in active growth1 they will require a liberal supply of water4 ,if the sun shines very brightly1 a slight shading would be of benefit for a few hours on very hot days4 ,azaleas1 ,chinese4--,when done blooming1 they succeed best in a close pit1 kept moderately moist and slightly shaded in the middle of the day4 ,if they are too large for a pit1 they will do well in a vinery1 or in any other large house where they can stand at a distance from the glass without shading4 ,balsams and ,cockscombs4--,promote their growth by shifting them into larger pots1 in rich soil1 with an abundance of light near the glass1 and heat4 ,camellias to be treated as advised for ,azaleas4 ,geraniums4--,if any remain after the flower-garden masses are furnished1 they should be potted and treated with every attention as to watering1 c4 ,when they have made fresh roots1 and begin to grow freely1 to be stopped1 to make bushy plants4 ,calceolarias1 ,fuchsias1 ,petunias1 ,verbenas1 c41 treated in a similar manner1 will be useful as a reserve to succeed the greenhouse plants that are now in bloom1 and to fill up vacancies as they occur in the beds and borders4 ,heaths and ,new ,holland ,plants4--,many being now in full growth will require an abundance of water1 more especially in bright weather4 ,many fine specimens are frequently lost through imperfect watering2 for if the ball is once allowed to get thoroughly dry1 all endeavours to restore the plant to health and vigour are generally unsuccessful4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,ornamental stove plants--such as ,brugmansias1 ,centradenias1 ,clerodendrons1 ,eranthemums1 ,euphorbias1 ,geissomerias1 ,gesneras1 ,justicias1 ,poinsettias1 c41 to be supplied with clear liquid manure1 and to have their rambling shoots stopped4 ,many of the free-growing plants will require shifting occasionally4 ,the great object should be to get rapid growth when light abounds1 and thus to secure luxuriant foliage at the right season1 when there will be more time for the wood to be properly matured for winter4 ,the syringings to be given early in the afternoon1 that the plants may get dry before night4 ,achimenes4--,when grown in large seed-pans they produce a fine effect4 ,,forcing-,,house4 ,cherries4--,give more air1 and keep a drier atmosphere when the fruit is ripening4 ,give plenty of water to the trees now swelling their fruit4 ,syringe frequently1 and keep the foliage and fruit free from insects4 ,chrysanthemums4--,pot off as soon as rooted4 ,if not already struck1 the cuttings should be put in at once4 ,cucumbers4--,stop them1 and water freely4 ,all that are intended for ridges1 if hardened off1 should now be planted out4 ,see that the ball of earth is well soaked with water before planting4 ,figs4--,give them plenty of air during the day in fine weather1 with abundance of water4 ,use the syringe freely1 except when fruit is ripening4 ,peaches4--,although a dry atmosphere is necessary to give flavour to the ripening fruit1 it is not advisable to withhold water altogether from the roots while the trees are making their growth4 ,water the inside borders in the morning in clear weather1 so that any vapour that arises may pass off during the day4 ,the outside borders1 if dry1 should also be watered as far as the roots extend1 and then mulched1 to prevent evaporation during hot1 dry weather4 ,if the early-forced trees have naked branches1 some of the earliest-made wood may be taken from the trees1 and buds inserted from it in the barren parts4 ,buds inserted now may start into growth in ,july1 and be stopped when about six inches long1 to get the wood well ripened4 ,pines4--,a bottom heat from #hj deg4 to #he deg4 must be kept up to the plants intended for fruiting in the autumn4 ,it is advisable1 where practicable1 to allow the stools from which fruit has been cut to remain in the house for some time2 to supply them liberally with water1 and occasionally with liquid manure2 to encourage the growth of the suckers4 ,vines4--,in the houses where ,grapes are ripening1 the temperature may be allowed to rise to #ij deg41 with sun heat1 and to decline to #fj deg4 at night4 ,in the succession-houses thin the bunches1 and do not be covetous to over-crop the ,vines1 as it is the cause of many bad effects4 ,stop laterals1 and use the syringe freely in the afternoons4 ,,june4 ,,first ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,azalea ,indica4--,encourage free growth1 as soon as possible after they have done blooming1 by placing them in heat1 supplying an abundance of water1 and syringing freely4 ,calceolarias4--,water carefully2 cut down when out of bloom1 and remove them to a cold frame4 ,heaths and ,new ,holland ,plants4--,the young stock will now succeed best in a pit1 or frame1 placing the lights to the north4 ,the glass to be well washed1 and the pots to be placed on tiles1 or ashes1 above the ground level4 ,pelargoniums4--,give air freely1 avoid cold draughts1 and shade from scorching sun4 ,shift and stop the succession stock for late flowering4 ,petunias4--,do not neglect to pot off from the store propagating pots some of those1 as advised last week1 as also ,scarlet ,geraniums1 ,verbenas1 ,heliotropes1 c41 to afford a variety of sorts and colours for the conservatory4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,let rambling shoots of ordinary stove plants have frequent stopping4 ,the ,aerides1 ,dendrobiums1 ,phalaenopses1 ,saccolabiums1 ,sarcanthuses1 ,sobralias1 ,vandas1 and others of the eastern genera of ,orchids1 will now require most liberal and frequent waterings and syringings4 ,gongoras1 ,peristerias1 ,stanhopeas1 c41 when full of roots in baskets1 require a thorough soaking4 ,now is a good time to pot ,cymbidiums1 ,peristerias1 c41 starting into growth4 ,aerides1 ,vandas1 and plants of a similar habit1 do best when shifted after they have done blooming4 ,achimenes4--,continue to shift them1 as also ,begonias1 ,clerodendrons1 ,gesneras1 c41 as requisite4 ,remove those in bloom to the greenhouse or conservatory4 ,climbers4--,keep them thin and tied in1 so as not to shade the rest of the plants to an injurious extent4 ,succulents4--,shift ,melocacti1 c41 and keep them growing1 and near the glass4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,cherries4--,the trees in large pots or tubs1 from which the crop has been lately gathered1 should have abundance of air1 and an occasional supply of liquid manure4 ,give them1 also1 a good washing overhead with the syringe1 or engine1 dashing it on with considerable force4 ,they will also require to have their wood matured early4 ,figs4--,continue the practice of stopping when the shoots are four or five eyes long4 ,give a liberal supply of water1 and thin out the second crop where too thick4 ,melons4--,keep the shoots thin1 and remove all useless laterals4 ,when the fruit is swelling1 the soil should be kept in a properly moist state1 and the foliage in a healthy condition4 ,the bottom heat should not be allowed to sink below #ge deg44 ,peaches4--,keep up a growing temperature with plenty of air and moisture1 and frequently syringe the trees1 to keep them clean and healthy4 ,the ripening fruit will require plenty of air4 ,pines4--,repot as they may require2 for if they are allowed to remain in a pot-bound state at this season they are very apt to start prematurely into fruit4 ,it is also particularly requisite that the balls are thoroughly moist at the time of repotting4 ,to give strength to the growing stock1 it is advisable to admit abundance of air in the morning part of the day2 and in the afternoon1 to encourage a high degree of heat with an abundance of atmospheric moisture4 ,the plants growing in open beds to be supplied with a steady bottom heat of from #hj deg4 to #he deg41 and sufficient water to the roots4 ,vines4--,proceed diligently with thinning the berries1 as they swell rapidly at this season4 ,the late houses in which the ,vines are in bloom to be kept warmer and closer than they have been1 until the fruit is set4 ,stop the shoots and laterals1 and never allow a mass of useless wood to remain on them4 ,,second ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,the principal part of the greenhouse plants may now be removed to an out-of-door situation1 open to the morning sun1 and protected from high winds1 and be placed on some hard bottom through which the worms cannot get into the pots4 ,the specimen plants that remain should be turned round from time to time1 that they may not get one-sided2 and allow them to have plenty of room on all sides4 ,also1 the young plants intended for specimens should have their flower-buds picked off1 to encourage their growth4 ,balsams4--,encourage them by frequent shifts1 and keep them in bottom heat1 and near the glass4 ,the prematurely-formed flower-buds to be picked off1 as the plants should attain a considerable size before they are allowed to bloom4 ,calceolarias4--,the most critical time is after the plants have flowered2 if allowed to produce seed1 they generally die off--,nature having completed her task4 ,when the bloom begins to fall1 cut the plants down1 and repot into a larger size2 place them in a cold frame facing the east1 the lights on during the day1 with air1 and entirely off during the night1 unless in rainy weather1 as the night dews are highly beneficial4 ,treated thus the plants will soon produce new shoots1 which must be taken off and pricked out into small pots in a very open soil1 and placed in a very gentle bottom heat to strike4 ,when rooted1 to be shifted into pots of a larger size4 ,cinerarias4--,the plants that have bloomed through the season to be cut down1 turned out of their pots1 and to have at least half the old soil removed from their roots4 ,prepare a piece of ground1 in a sheltered situation1 with leaf mould or rotten dung and sand1 in which the ,cinerarias are to be planted1 one inch below the level of the soil1 in rows fifteen inches apart and one foot apart in the row4 ,when planted1 to be well watered4 ,climbers4--,the ,passifloras1 ,mandevilla suaveolens1 ,tecoma jasminoides1 and other such climbers in the conservatory1 will now be growing very freely1 and will therefore require frequent attention to keep them in order4 ,the young shoots may be allowed to grow in a natural manner1 merely preventing them from getting too much entangled1 or growing into masses4 ,fuchsias4--,when in a healthy-growing state they require an abundance of water and frequent syringings4 ,train them in the desired form1 and pinch back all weak and straggling shoots4 ,heaths and ,new ,holland ,plants4--,examine them very carefully1 and be sure that they are in a proper state as to moisture4 ,the young plants which are not blooming will do best if placed in a pit where they can be exposed or not1 as may appear necessary4 ,to lay a proper foundation for a good specimen it is necessary to stop and to train the shoots into form4 ,kalosanthes4--,train them neatly1 increase the supply of water1 and give them liquid manure occasionally4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,continue to shift the young and growing stock of stove plants4 ,to harden the wood of the early-grown plants1 or autumn or winter flowering1 it is advisable to remove them to some cooler place1 such as the shelves of the greenhouse4 ,the baskets1 in which the ,stanhopeas will now be blooming1 should be carefully examined to see that the buds1 as they protrude1 may not be injured by contact with the side4 ,many stove plants and ,orchids in flower1 if taken to a late vinery1 or such intermediate house1 will thus be prepared1 in a short time1 for removal to the conservatory during the summer4 ,climbers4--,when the shrubby plants are large1 the climbers hanging loosely give a sort of tropical character to the house2 but1 either hanging1 or trained in wreaths or festoons1 they require pruning and regulating1 to prevent them becoming entangled1 and1 therefore1 a confused mass of wood and foliage4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,cherries4--,give air night and day in fine weather4 ,figs4--,when the ripest of the fruit is gathered1 give the trees a good syringing overhead1 to cleanse and refresh the leaves1 and to keep down insects4 ,melons4--,to be slightly shaded with a net1 or a few pea-sticks1 during bright sunshine in the middle of the day1 to prevent the scorching of the leaves2 for if such occurs1 the fruit ripens prematurely1 and is1 in consequence1 without flavour4 ,peaches4--,when the fruit is ripening1 give as much air as possible during the day1 and when the nights are mild and warm leave the lights open4 ,when the fruit in the succession-house is stoned1 give a good watering to the roots1 and syringe the trees frequently1 as previously advised4 ,pines4--,apply an abundance of moisture to the pathways of the fruiting-house during bright weather4 ,give plenty of air1 but allow at the same time the thermometer to range from #ij deg4 to #ie deg44 ,shut up when the rays of the sun are getting partially off the house1 and ply the syringe freely about the leaves and stems of the plants1 and the surface of the plunging material4 ,air to be given an hour or two afterwards for the night4 ,vines4--,keep thinning the berries and stopping the laterals as they advance1 which1 with syringing and giving air1 is the principal work to be done4 ,,third ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,the stock of plants out of doors to be carefully looked over in showery weather that they may not suffer from imperfect drainage4 ,the more delicate sorts to be returned to the houses1 or protected by some means during heavy rains4 ,camellias4--,when they are kept in-doors give an abundance of air night and day1 with an occasional application of the syringe1 keeping the paths and floors damp4 ,when they have ceased growing1 and have formed their flower-buds1 discontinue to syringe the plants overhead1 as it sometimes starts them into a fresh growth that will be the destruction of the flower-buds4 ,chrysanthemums4--,plant them out eighteen or twenty inches apart in an open piece of ground4 ,some to be left to grow as standards on one stem1 and others to be topped1 to make them bushy4 ,cinerarias4--,in raising seedlings it is advisable to select each parent plant1 distinguished for its dwarf habit and decided colour1 and to place them by themselves in a pit or frame4 ,the seed should be carefully gathered as it ripens4 ,it should be sown in shallow pots1 or pans1 well drained with crocks2 then some siftings1 and over that some light soil1 with some finer and more sandy on the surface1 covering the seeds very lightly with the same2 and slightly sprinkling1 or watering1 through a very fine rose1 and the surface covered with a little moss1 to prevent evaporation4 ,in a few days the seedlings will be up2 then remove the moss1 and let them remain in the pots1 or pans1 until they are large enough to be handled with safety2 then pot them in small pots1 and keep close for a day or two4 ,lilium lancifolium4--,give attention to them2 as also to tree ,carnations1 ,salvia splendens1 ,scarlet ,geraniums1 c41 for autumn and early winter flowering4 ,oranges4--,the same as advised for ,camellias4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,achimenes4--,repot1 as also ,begonias and ,gesneras1 for succession of late bloom4 ,luculia gratissima4--,propagate by cuttings4 ,some of the ,orchids will now require to be topped up a little with fresh soil4 ,the ,barkeria spectabilis1 ,epidendrum ,skinneri1 the ,lycastes1 ,odontoglossum grande1 c41 will now enjoy the temperature of the conservatory4 ,,forcing-,,house4 ,figs4--,continue to stop all shoots when five or six joints long4 ,never allow the trees in tubs1 or pots1 to want water2 they now require daily attention4 ,melons4--,shade them during bright sunshine for a few hours in the middle of the day4 ,if the red spider appears1 rub sulphur vivum1 mixed with water1 on slates or tiles1 and place them in the pit1 or frame1 where the sun's rays may fall upon them4 ,peaches4--,admit plenty of air when the fruit is ripe1 or nearly so4 ,when the crop is gathered1 give them a good washing with the syringe4 ,those changing for ripening1 if the trees are young and vigorous1 to have a general stopping of the strong shoots all over the higher parts of the tree4 ,to keep down red spider1 it is advisable to wash the walls1 pipes1 or flues1 with sulphur vivum reduced to the consistency of paint2 or to paint some slates1 tiles1 or common saucers1 with the mixture1 and to place them in different parts of the house1 where the sun can shine upon them4 ,pines4--,if the pot plants in fruit are in a healthy condition1 well furnished with roots1 an occasional supply of clear manure water1 in a warm state1 may be given with advantage to them4 ,strawberries4--,as it is necessary1 by early attention1 to ensure a healthy1 vigorous growth1 therefore1 as soon as the runners have emitted the least portion of root1 take them off1 and prick them out on a rich piece of ground1 or on an old hotbed where ,radishes or early ,potatoes have been grown under hoops1 where1 when the weather is hot1 they are more convenient to shade1 and require less water4 ,vines4--,when the fruit is cut in the early houses1 ripen the wood by exposing it night and day1 except during heavy rains4 ,water to be gradually withheld as the growth of the plants declines1 and somewhat in the proportion in which you would have vegetation stop1 not all at once1 but gradually4 ,the ,vines with fruit now stoning may be allowed to produce a few redundant shoots if there is sufficient room to lay them in without crowding1 or overlapping the old wood1 or shading the old leaves4 ,the late ,grapes to be finally thinned1 their shoulders to be tied out1 and every useless shoot to be removed4 ,keep the ,vines in pots trained1 and exposed to light1 and apply weak liquid manure frequently4 ,,fourth ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,many of the finer kinds of hard-wooded plants--such as ,boronias1 ,epacrises1 c4--will now be out of bloom1 and will require cutting in rather closely1 to form neat bushy plants4 ,some of the greenhouse plants will most probably require shifting1 and should receive that attention now1 or1 at latest1 by the middle of next month4 ,keep a sharp look out for insects of all kinds1 and also for mildew2 and give the plants1 if the weather is dry1 a sprinkling once or twice a-week from the syringe or garden engine4 ,new ,holland ,plants4--,if any are retained in the house1 let them be placed where they can have a sufficiency of light and fresh air1 and at the same time in a place where the sun has no power on the pots2 but if such cannot be avoided1 place the pot containing the plant in another two sizes larger1 and fill the intervening space with moss4 ,pelargoniums4--,when out of bloom1 they should be placed in the open ground for a fortnight or three weeks to ripen the wood before they are cut down4 ,scarlet ,geraniums4--,to prepare them for winter blooming it is advisable to place the pots during the summer on a hard bottom out of doors and in the full sun1 and to pinch out the flower-stems as they appear4 ,to be carefully attended with water4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,keep up a kindly humidity by frequent syringings1 and keeping the floors1 paths1 c41 damp4 ,many of the stove plants--viz41 ,clerodendrons1 ,erythrinas1 ,gardenias1 ,ixoras1 ,jasmines1 ,liliums1 ,pergularias1 ,stephanotises1 c4--may be removed to the conservatory1 where the flowers will attain a deeper colour and retain it for a longer period than if they had remained in the stove4 ,euphorbias4--,propagate jacquiniaeflora and fulgens1 and grow them on a successional system of culture for furnishing the conservatory and stove throughout the autumn1 winter1 and spring4 ,gesnera zebrina4--,keep up a succession in various stages of growth1 and place another batch of tubers in a pan4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,give particular attention to the preservation of the foliage in houses where the fruit has been gathered1 keeping the atmosphere cool and moist2 and give the trees an occasional washing with the engine1 to keep down red spider and the leaves clean and healthy4 ,cherries4--,when the trees are planted in the house1 and the fruit has been gathered1 give all the air possible by throwing it entirely open4 ,give them a good washing occasionally with the garden engine4 ,when the plants are in pots1 it is advisable to place them on a hard bottom on the north side of a wall or fence4 ,melons4--,bottom heat is necessary for their healthy growth2 without it a check would be given that would be sure to produce a most injurious effect on the swelling fruit4 ,water to be given to the plants overhead occasionally4 ,peaches4--,continue to maintain a moist1 healthy atmosphere while the fruit is swelling4 ,give air sufficiently early in the morning1 to prevent the sun scorching the foliage4 ,syringe and shut up early in the afternoon4 ,pines4--,continue to provide proper bottom and surface heat1 and give attention to airing1 watering1 syringing1 and shifting in due time4 ,by such means a large amount of healthy growth may now be secured for the fruit-swelling and succession plants4 ,the plants swelling their fruit to be also favoured with a high temperature1 a moist atmosphere1 and plenty of water1 and occasionally manure water at the root4 ,if worm-casts appear in any of the pots1 water with lime-water in a clear state4 ,vines4--,as the dry atmosphere necessary for the preservation of the ripe bunches is conducive to the increase of red spider1 the sulphur must be immediately applied as advised last week4 ,discontinue the use of the syringe as soon as the succession crops begin to ripen4 ,check the growth of laterals by timely pinching4 ,give the final thinnings to the latest ,grapes2 and as they are frequently required for winter use1 a good thinning should be given1 as crowded bunches and berries will not keep late in the season4 ,,july4 ,,first ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,the plants permanently planted out in the borders of the conservatory should have a thorough soaking of weak liquid manure4 ,give all the air possible at this season1 both night and day1 and keep the house as neat and clean as possible4 ,if it contains many tender stove plants1 shut it up for an hour while the sun is on it in the evening1 so as to produce a more genial atmosphere for them4 ,achimenes4--,encourage them1 as also ,clerodendrons1 c41 to grow and to prolong their beauty in the conservatory by supplying them with liquid manure1 taking particular care not to give it too strong1 especially at first4 ,cinerarias4--,sow seed immediately4 ,plants for early blooming should also be potted and started at once1 choosing the strongest suckers for the purpose1 and placing them in a cool1 shady frame until they have made fresh growth4 ,chrysanthemums4--,propagate some for blooming in small pots4 ,heaths4--,pluck off the flowers and seed-pods as soon as they become unsightly1 and prune straggling growth4 ,the softwooded kinds--such as the ventricosa1 c4--do best in a sheltered situation in the open air1 with means to protect them during heavy rains2 while the woolly-leaved--such as ,masonii1 c4--and hardwooded varieties delight in cold pits where the glass can be shaded or used for protection as necessary4 ,examine the plants which were not shifted in the spring1 and1 if necessary1 pot them without delay2 but if they require to be cut in1 to make them bushy1 it will be best to let them break afresh before they are repotted4 ,leschenaultias4--,if they have done blooming1 and are pot-bound1 to be repotted and placed in a shady place to make their growth4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,give abundance of air to the stove plants at all favourable times1 and abundance of moisture by all means4 ,examine young specimens that were potted early in the season1 and shift at once such as require more pot room4 ,ixoras4--,encourage the young plants by giving them plenty of air both night and day1 to make short1 sturdy growth2 and discontinue stopping them for the season4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,cherries4--,when the fruit has been gathered from the trees grown in tubs1 or pots1 it is advisable to place them in some open1 airy quarter1 to make their wood for next season's bearing4 ,figs4--,give liberal supplies of water to the trees now throwing up their second crop4 ,a top dressing of old cowdung would now be useful4 ,pinch out the top buds1 if the shoots are growing very long4 ,it should be a practice to manage the trees during the summer that nothing more than a slight thinning out should be wanted at the winter pruning4 ,melons4--,give attention to the crops now growing1 in thinning out the shoots1 stopping1 c4 ,peaches and ,nectarines4--,when all the fruit is gathered1 and the wood seems well ripened1 it will be best to take the lights quite off1 and place them under cover until wanted again4 ,plenty of air to be given to the trees that are swelling off their fruit4 ,also1 stop in succession many of the strong shoots about the period the last swelling commences4 ,use the syringe freely over the leaves early in the morning and again in the evening4 ,pines4--,give abundance of air to the fruiting and succession plants1 and during dry1 hot weather1 saturate the paths and every open space with moisture1 to prevent the leaves of the plants becoming brown4 ,if such a practice be regularly adopted during hot1 bright sunny weather1 shading will seldom or never be necessary4 ,be at the same time particular in maintaining a mild1 genial bottom heat4 ,vines4--,the houses containing ripe fruit will require to be kept dry and well ventilated2 those swelling will still require attention to keep a regular steady temperature with regular supplies of air4 ,muscats very frequently require fires during the night and on wet1 cold days4 ,,second ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,achimenes4--,they delight in a steady1 moist heat2 to be shaded in the middle of hot days1 to prevent the sun from scorching the foliage2 and never to be watered overhead4 ,cacti4--,remove them to a dry1 airy place as soon as they have finished their growth4 ,cockscombs4--,they can be grown with strong1 short stems1 and very large heads1 if they are allowed to remain in small pots until the flowers are formed1 then potted in large pots in a compost of one-half rich loam1 one-fourth leaf mould1 and one-fourth sand1 and supplied with as much liquid manure and moist heat as possible4 ,fuchsias4--,as the plants progress in growth give them plenty of air and moisture1 occasionally moistening the paths1 walls1 and stages with clear manure water1 and syringe the plants both morning and evening overhead4 ,globe ,amaranthus4--,to be potted into #dh-sized pots1 in which they will flower in a soil composed of peat1 loam1 and leaf mould1 or rotten dung4 ,they should be allowed to stand near the glass1 and be subjected to a moist heat of not less than #ge deg44 ,heaths4--,if mildew appears1 dust them with flowers of sulphur4 ,when watering1 give them a good soaking1 so that every part of the ball is thoroughly wet1 and then withhold further supply until it is again completely dry4 ,japan ,lilies4--,as they are succulent in growth1 keep them well and liberally supplied with water4 ,the flower-stems to be properly sticked1 so as to keep them in due bounds1 and also to assist in presenting a large mass of flowers to the eye at once4 ,pelargoniums4--,if the plants have been exposed to the open air1 as advised in a previous calendar1 they will now be fit to cut down4 ,after the plants are cut down1 place them in a shady place until the most forward young shoots are one inch long2 then shake them out1 and repot into small pots1 using sandy loam and peat only1 and placing them in a close1 cold frame until they begin to grow again2 after which freely expose them to the weather until heavy rains in autumn1 or the approach of frost1 renders it necessary to house them for the winter4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,cleanliness is indispensable amongst the ,orchids1 use a sponge to remove filth from the leaves4 ,see that no plants are neglected in standing in corners or behind large plants2 arrange and re-arrange frequently1 as it tends both to promote the healthy growth of the plants and a pleasing variety in the house4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,cucumbers4--,although bright hot weather may prevail1 it is advisable to keep up a brisk1 regular bottom as well as top heat4 ,strike cuttings of choice sorts for winter bearing4 ,melons4--,the same as advised for ,cucumbers1 as they both delight in plenty of heat to keep them healthy and in regular bearing4 ,give them good soakings of weak manure water occasionally1 and shut up early on all fine days1 sprinkling the sides of the pits or frames1 and the plants at times overhead4 ,when watering the plants never allow any to fall on the main stem4 ,if gum1 or canker1 appears1 apply lime to the parts affected4 ,old plants cut back should be stimulated to grow freely4 ,peaches4--,any tendency to premature decay in the leaves of those from which the fruit has been all gathered to be arrested by liberal waterings at the roots and by syringings4 ,pines4--,keep up the temperature from #ij deg4 to #ie deg4 by day and from #gj deg4 to #ge deg4 by night1 with plenty of moisture among the growing plants and swelling fruit4 ,shift the successions as the roots fill the pots4 ,vines4--,uncover the house1 or give all the air possible night and day as soon as the ,grapes are gathered1 unless the wood is not fully ripened1 in that case the house should be closed in the afternoon at a good heat4 ,stop the laterals on the later ,vines1 thin and tie up the bunches1 and maintain a steady1 moist temperature1 with plenty of air1 but do not syringe the bunches4 ,,third ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,if any of the stove plants1 as lately recommended1 have been brought into the conservatory1 they will require a free admission of air at every favourable opportunity to keep the atmosphere of the house dry4 ,the plants must be kept clear of decaying leaves and flowers4 ,some judgment is also required in watering recently repotted plants1 that they may not be injured by saturation in cloudy weather1 nor by drought in hot sunny days4 ,the growth of twiners should be carefully regulated1 allowing them sufficient freedom to develope their natural habits as far as other considerations will permit4 ,continue to shift the hardwooded plants as they require it4 ,a turfy compost of three-parts sandy heath soil of a fibrous and rather lumpy character1 and one-part loam1 will suit the majority4 ,particular attention should be paid to the drainage1 more especially to the crock at the bottom2 for if that is flat1 and not hollow1 it matters but little how much depth of drainage material rests upon it1 the soil will soon become saturated and sour4 ,remember that the final shift should be given in good time to those intended to flower in the autumn4 ,calceolarias 7,herbaceous74--,sow seeds2 the compost to be equal parts of peat or leaf mould1 loam1 and rotten dung1 with a small portion of sand4 ,place a layer of broken crocks two inches thick at the bottom of the pot2 then fill up within half an inch of the rim with the compost1 passed through a fine seive4 ,after the pot has been gently struck on the potting-bench to settle the soil1 the surface must then be made level with a flat piece of wood1 or the bottom of a small garden pan or saucer4 ,sprinkle the seeds regularly over the surface1 do not cover with soil1 and water with a fine rose2 then to be placed in a cold frame1 and be kept shaded from the sun4 ,chorozema4--,the beauty of this genus for early spring display is generally appreciated1 and1 therefore1 requires no commendation from me4 ,they delight1 like most other ,new ,holland plants1 in sandy peat containing plenty of fibre1 and require plenty of air at all times1 and also to be kept constantly moist1 but never very wet4 ,a large pot and frequent stopping will soon produce a fine specimen4 ,chrysanthemums4--,continue to top the plants that have been planted out in the open ground4 ,epacris4--,the varieties of this genus are most useful for the adornment of the conservatory in early spring4 ,they delight in fibrous peat1 broken rough1 mixed with fine white sand4 ,the young plants to be frequently stopped by pinching off the points of the shoots while growing1 to induce them to throw out laterals2 those again to be stopped until the plants have attained a size sufficient to warrant their blooming4 ,gardenias4--,if any have been removed to the conservatory while in bloom they should be returned to heat as soon as the bloom is over1 to encourage growth and to allow them sufficient time to mature their growth4 ,eutaxia myrtifolia4--,it is a profuse and early bloomer4 ,during the summer and autumn every new shoot should be stopped as soon as it has attained two or1 at most1 three joints3 by such treatment it can be easily formed into a neat1 compact specimen4 ,winter ,flowers4--,the ,cinerarias1 ,chinese ,primroses1 ,heliotropes1 ,perpetual1 ,tea1 and other ,roses1 will require frequent and diligent attention as to watering1 shifting1 c4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,give immediate and regular attention to the young stock of stove plants intended for winter blooming4 ,keep up a moist temperature at all times2 with air during the day4 ,when a few days of gloom occur1 the humidity that sometimes becomes stagnant and injurious should be dissipated by a free circulation of air when bright weather returns4 ,keep a free circulation of air amongst the ,orchids by day2 endeavour to supply an abundance of atmospheric moisture during the latter part of the day2 and dispense with shading as much as possible by using it only during a few hours of the hottest part of the day4 ,pay every attention to specimen plants in the stove4 ,keep them neatly tied to sticks1 or trellises1 as the case may require4 ,give them a plentiful supply of water1 and1 if not in flower1 syringe them frequently overhead4 ,stanhopeas4--,about the end of this or the beginning of next month is the most proper time to remove and repot them4 ,persons who wish to grow fine specimens ought to put them in large baskets1 or pots1 so that they may not require to be shifted for several years1 as then the plants grow much finer and flower better than when annually shifted4 ,now1 as soon as they have done flowering they commence growing1 when they should have plenty of heat and moisture until they have completed their pseudo-bulbs1 when they should be reduced to a comparative state of rest by gradually withholding water until they show flower2 then to be supplied with atmospheric moisture1 but should have no water at the root1 or at least but a small portion1 until they begin to grow4 ,as all the plants belonging to this genus push their flowers downwards1 it is advisable to have them elevated1 or put in baskets1 where the flowers can get through and show themselves to advantage4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,figs4--,supply with plenty of water the roots of the trees that are swelling their second crop2 ply the syringe frequently amongst the foliage1 and sprinkle the paths1 c41 to keep the atmosphere moist4 ,shut up early in the afternoon4 ,as the fruit of the first crop ripens1 curtail the supply of atmospheric moisture--otherwise before they reach maturity they are apt to turn mouldy4 ,the roots to be regularly supplied with water1 and some liquid manure added about once a week to assist the second crop4 ,keep down red spider by the application of sulphur in the manner so frequently advised of late4 ,give the fruit that is ripening the benefit of the sun1 by fastening on one side the leaves that shade it4 ,peaches4--,the fruit will be all the more delicious for a comparatively cool temperature while ripening4 ,examine the fruit daily1 and gather before it is overripe and loses its flavour4 ,pines4--,maintain a good bottom heat1 and encourage the growth of the advancing crop by kindly humidity and allowing them plenty of air and sufficient space from plant to plant4 ,give air1 also1 freely to the young stock in dungpits1 to secure strong stocky growth2 but a circulation should not be allowed by giving back and front air at the same time during hot drying winds4 ,attend to former directions to afford the plants swelling their fruit a moist atmosphere by frequent syringings and by sprinkling the paths and every other available surface until the fruit begins to change colour1 when the atmosphere and soil should be kept rather dry1 to improve the fruit's flavour4 ,see to the stools from which fruit have been cut4 ,earth them up1 so as to cause suckers to strike root4 ,give them a brisk bottom heat1 and proper supplies of water4 ,you will thus gain time and assistance for the suckers from the declining strength of the parent plant as long as possible4 ,it is now a good time to start a lot into fruit1 as they will have two or three most favourable months for swelling1 and will come in at a season when they are in very general request4 ,keep the bark-bed moderately moist1 as in that state it will retain its heat much longer than if it is allowed to get dry4 ,vines4--,keep up a brisk heat to the late ,grapes during the day1 as it is advisable to get them well ripened before the season gets too far advanced4 ,by such means they will be of better quality and keep longer than if the ripening process be delayed to a later period4 ,do not allow plants in pots to remain in the house to cause damp1 which1 despite every care in ventilating1 is apt to settle on the berries and spoil them4 ,the outside borders of the late houses should be watered and mulched1 if the weather continue dry4 ,,fourth ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,the conservatory should now be gay with ,balsams1 ,cockscombs1 ,fuchsias1 ,globe ,amaranths1 ,heliotropes1 and the varieties of ,japan ,lilies4 ,strict attention must be paid to all plants in these structures that they do not suffer from the want of water4 ,continue to stop over-luxuriant growth1 to obtain compact1 sturdy specimens4 ,on the evenings of hot1 dry days1 after the plants have been watered1 give them a slight syringing1 or sprinkling1 over the leaves1 and also the ground upon which they are standing4 ,aotus gracillimus4--,when done blooming1 to be cut down close to the pot4 ,aphelexis and ,helichrysums4--,when past their best state1 cut the flower-stems close into the old wood2 to be set in a cool shady place until they begin to grow1 when any that require it may be repotted4 ,chrysanthemums4--,propagate by cuttings1 or layers1 to obtain dwarf stocky plants4 ,continue to top the plants that have been planted out in rows in the open ground1 as advised some time ago4 ,cinerarias4--,pot off the first batch of seedlings and offsets4 ,sow seed4 ,fuchsias4--,shift in the last batch1 and put in cuttings4 ,leschenaultias4--,when they are going out of bloom1 or past their best1 remove the flowers and flower-buds1 and put them in a cool place to start again4 ,kalosanthes4--,when done blooming1 the flower-stems and all straggling growth to be cut in closely1 to form compact specimens for another season4 ,pelargoniums4--,cut back the principal stock1 and treat them as advised lately4 ,pimelea spectabilis4--,when that and the other kinds have done blooming1 to be freely cut in1 and to be set in a cool shady place to break4 ,polygalas to be treated in the same manner as the ,pimeleas4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,look out for insects in the stove1 and destroy them as soon as visible4 ,the ,gishurst ,compound is worthy of a trial4 ,follow former instructions as to moisture and air4 ,ixoras4--,when done blooming to be cut in rather closely1 to be started in a gentle heat to make fresh growth4 ,the ,orchids suspended on baskets1 or on blocks of wood1 require a soaking of water at the roots1 and frequent1 but slight1 syringings overhead4 ,a little fire-heat applied in the afternoon will be of service to them4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,figs4--,if the second crop on the earliest trees is advancing towards maturity1 as soon as the fruit begins to ripen the atmosphere should be kept dry and rather cool1 giving air freely every fine day4 ,keep the foliage clean and healthy1 and clear from insects1 and do not allow the young shoots to get crowded4 ,melons4--,keep up a good bottom heat when the fruit is setting4 ,keep the plants on which the fruit is ripening rather dry at the root1 with an abundance of air in fine weather4 ,pines4--,air to be admitted freely during hot weather to fruiting and succession plants4 ,particular care will be necessary in the application of water that they may not suffer for want of it1 or by saturation4 ,the walls1 paths1 and surface of the bed to be kept constantly moist1 and frequent syringings to be given to the young stock4 ,continue all other routine operations according to former directions4 ,strawberries4--,some lay the runners at once into pots of strong1 rich loam1 cutting them away from the parent plants when they have made roots enough for their own support4 ,some prefer to lay them in small pots1 to be shifted into larger by-and-by1 and others prefer to lay them in their fruiting-pots4 ,the principal object should be1 to attain plants of a moderate growth1 well matured and rested before forcing time4 ,vines4--,the early houses1 when they have been cleared of their fruit1 and the wood is properly ripened may have the sashes removed and repaired1 if required2 indeed1 every house is purified by free exposure to the atmosphere for some time4 ,the late crops to be encouraged to swell by giving the borders good soakings of manure water1 and by being carefully thinned1 more especially if they are wanted to keep late4 ,a little fire-heat will be necessary in unfavourable weather1 with an abundance of air day and night4 ,,august4 ,,first ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,the conservatory borders will now require liberal supplies of water4 ,faded blossoms to be constantly removed2 straggling growth and exhausted stock to be cut previous to making a new growth4 ,as the autumn is fast approaching1 the sooner the new growths are encouraged the better1 that they may have sufficient time to mature them4 ,all greenhouse plants will now be benefited by exposure to the natural atmosphere3 the dews are more refreshing and invigorating than artificial moisture or the application of the syringe4 ,finish potting all specimen plants2 for if left until later in the season they will not have sufficient time to fill their pots with roots1 and1 therefore1 will be liable to suffer from stagnation of water at the roots4 ,no position can be worse for a plant than that of surrounding it with fresh soil for months when the roots should be in a comparatively dormant state4 ,pelargoniums4--,continue to head them down1 and to propagate the cuttings1 which will now strike freely in a sunny situation in the open ground4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,much moisture and free ventilation will be necessary here during warm weather4 ,the young plants of ,euphorbias1 ,ixoras1 ,poinsettias1 and other such stove plants1 to be rendered bushy by stopping them betimes4 ,the ,a,eschynanthus grandiflorus1 ,aphelandra cristata1 ,eranthemum pulchellum1 ,justicias1 and any others that are intended for the decoration of the conservatory in the autumn and early part of winter1 should be carefully looked over1 and shifted without delay if they want more pot-room2 the shoots to be tied out thinly1 and to be exposed to as much sun as they will bear without scorching the foliage1 to induce stocky growth4 ,nothing is more injurious to stove plants than to keep them growing late in the season1 and thus to prevent the ripening of the wood1 which will render them more liable to injuries in winter and more unproductive of flowers the following season4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,melons4--,the plants on which the fruit is ripening to be kept rather dry at the roots1 with free exposure to the air in favourable weather4 ,a steady bottom heat to be kept up to the late crops4 ,peaches4--,if the lights have not been taken off the early-forced houses1 it would be advisable to remove them as soon as possible1 that the air1 rain1 and dews may have free access to act both beneficially on the trees and to keep down red spider4 ,in those houses which have been treated as advised in former ,calendars1 the principal object now should be to get the wood properly ripened4 ,the late houses to be treated in a similar manner when the fruit is gathered4 ,where the trees in peach-houses have been recently planted1 and are not yet in a bearing state1 the shoots will require to be trained carefully1 and insects to be kept down4 ,pines4--,the plants growing in beds of soil to be carefully attended to with water1 giving at each application sufficient to penetrate the whole body of soil1 as it frequently happens that the surface is moist while the bottom is quite dry4 ,pot a portion of the strongest successions for early forcing next season4 ,strawberries4--,continue to lay the runners of the kinds you wish to force in pots until you have a sufficient number4 ,vines4--,muscats1 now beginning to ripen1 will generally require a little fire heat to push them on2 when ripened in good time they are better flavoured and keep longer than when the ripening process is delayed to a late period of the season4 ,continue to remove the stray laterals that begin to shade the larger leaves2 to be done a little at a time1 as disbudding on an extensive scale is prejudicial to fruit trees4 ,the young ,vines in pots to have every attention1 to secure as much growth and healthy vigour as possible while the growing season lasts4 ,allow all young planted ,vines to ramble freely without stopping them so closely1 as is frequently practised4 ,before wasps and flies do much mischief to ripe ,grapes1 coarse canvass should be fixed over the top lights and front lights that are opened for the admission of air4 ,remove decayed berries as soon as observed1 and keep the house containing ripe fruit dry and free from dust4 ,,second ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,bulbs4--,the selections for winter and spring flowering to be made as soon as possible1 choosing the most suitable varieties for each season2 to be potted at two or three intervals for succession4 ,to be potted in light fibrous turfy loam of a sandy quality1 and placed in a dry situation2 to be covered with three or four inches of old tan or coal ashes4 ,camellias4--,the large1 old specimens that have set their flower-buds to be carefully supplied with water2 for if they are allowed to get too dry at the roots they are apt to drop their buds4 ,young vigorous plants1 on the contrary1 will require to be watered rather sparingly1 to prevent them making a second growth4 ,cinerarias4--,shift as they require it1 and let no neglect as to watering1 c41 cause a check to their growth4 ,climbers4--,to have a succession late in the season when flowers become scarce1 it is advisable to cut them back for that purpose1 more especially the climbers on rafters or ornamental trellises4 ,new ,holland ,plants4--,if any have been standing out of doors for some time1 it is advisable to remove the best and most tender varieties to the cold pits1 or other secure situations1 to avoid the danger and risk of exposure to wet or windy weather4 ,soils4--,now is a favourable time to collect soils of different sorts for future use4 ,the advantages of forethought for such matters will become evident when the time for use arrives4 ,leaf mould1 decomposed sheep1 deer1 and cowdung1 road and river sand1 old ,cucumber1 ,melon1 and other such soils1 to be put in separate heaps in a shed1 or any other dry place1 protected from drenching rains4 ,each sort to be numbered1 or named1 that no mistake may occur when wanted4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,all plants intended to flower this autumn to be regularly supplied with water and occasionally with liquid manure2 but all the other stove plants to be watered more sparingly after this time1 and the water to be given early in the morning4 ,the house to be shut up early in the afternoon with a strong sun heat4 ,slight fires to be made in the daytime1 if the weather is dull1 so that plenty of air may be given to the plants4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,figs4--,if the nights are cold1 the house or pit should be closed early1 for the benefit of the second crop of fruit4 ,melons4--,withhold water when the fruit is ripening1 as a sudden supply at that time very frequently causes the fruit to crack and become worthless4 ,keep the shoots so thin that every leaf may receive the benefit of the light4 ,do not expose the fruit to the sun's rays till it is fully swelled4 ,give a supply of manure water to the late crops1 and thin out useless laterals4 ,it is advisable to paint the interior of the frame1 or pit1 with sulphur3 this1 with slight syringings and shutting up early while the sun shines upon it1 will keep down insects4 ,mushrooms4--,collect some very short stable-litter and horse-droppings1 and turn them over frequently with the addition of a small portion of turfy loam until they are well incorporated4 ,when moderately dry1 to be packed on shelves or in boxes1 and be well-beaten down in layers four or five inches thick1 till the bed is the required thickness--from a foot to eighteen inches2 for success will depend in a great measure upon the solidity of the bed4 ,to be spawned when there is a brisk heat4 ,pines4--,if a strong body of fresh materials have recently been added1 the watch-sticks should be frequently examined1 and any approach to a burning heat to be counteracted by lifting the pots1 c4 ,fruit recently started and swelling off to have every encouragement for the next two months4 ,shut up early1 to secure a strong amount of solar heat4 ,keep all the growing stock warm and moist1 syringing them lightly twice a-day4 ,vines4--,the early-forced houses1 where the wood is nearly ripe1 would be benefited by free exposure to the air2 but if the lights are required to remain on1 cleanliness should be observed1 and all laterals kept down4 ,when the fruit is swelling or colouring1 and when the weather is wet or cloudy1 a gentle fire1 if then applied1 will expel damps1 and be in other respects very beneficial to them4 ,stop all useless growths in the late houses2 do not remove the leaves to expose the fruit to the sun1 unless they are very thick indeed1 as they are the principal agents by which nutriment is carried to the berries4 ,vines in ,pots4--,when the leaves begin to fade1 to be removed to the north side of a wall1 and the pots to be laid on their sides1 to keep the roots dry4 ,a little litter thrown over the pots will protect them from sudden changes4 ,,third ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,as the majority of greenhouse plants are out in the open air1 or in pits1 where they have either set1 or are setting1 their blooms1 preparations should be made for their return1 by scrubbing and washing all the shelves of the greenhouse1 and clearing out all crevices and corners1 to banish all insects that may be secreting there4 ,when by scrubbing1 brushing1 c41 you have brought everything to the ground1 let no time be lost in clearing the insects1 rubbish1 c41 off the ground1 and also out of the house4 ,if painting and glazing are necessary1 the sooner they are done the better1 leaving the house entirely open for three weeks or a month1 that the effluvium from white lead1 which is prejudicial to plants1 may pass off before the lights are put on again4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,shift into pots a size larger any small plants1 or indeed any plants that you are desirous to grow fast1 or to make specimen plants1 as soon as they have filled their pots with roots4 ,cuttings inserted in pots of light1 sandy soil1 well drained at the bottom1 will readily strike when plunged in the tan-bed1 where there is a little bottom heat1 and covered with bell-glasses1 that will allow of the edge being pressed into the soil inside the pot4 ,henceforward a certain degree of care and consideration will be necessary to have the summer growth of plants generally--and especially that of all those whose period of excitement is continued over a certain portion of the autumn--so arranged and circumstanced as to secure its perfect maturity1 or1 in gardening terms1 to have it well ripened4 ,for that purpose it is necessary to avoid the application of moisture beyond what is necessary to prevent a decided check in the growth of the plants1 to expose them to the influence of light1 by not suffering them to crowd or overhang each other1 and to prevent from what cause soever the too sudden declension of the average temperature to which they are exposed4 ,the ,orchidaceous ,plants that are growing to have plenty of moisture and heat1 it will be easily seen when their growth is completed1 and then it is proper to let them go to rest by gradually lessening the supply of water1 and removing them to a cooler part of the house4 ,any ,orchids that you are desirous of increasing may be separated or potted into small pots1 or fastened to blocks1 or placed in baskets4 ,fill pots with pieces of turfy peat the size of ,walnuts1 and peg them altogether until they form a cone above the pot4 ,on the summit place your plant1 which is1 in fact1 a piece cut off another plant1 and with four pegs or wires make it fast4 ,let the roots go where they please in the pot1 or outside it4 ,orchids depend more for sustenance upon the atmosphere and moisture1 than upon the soil4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,peaches4--,it is advisable1 when practicable1 to get the lights off the early houses1 presuming that the trees are fast advancing towards a state of rest4 ,the practice is certainly not absolutely indispensable1 but it is of much benefit to the trees4 ,whether the lights are off or on1 attention may now be given to the repairs of glass or woodwork where necessary1 and to finish with a coat of paint and whitewashing1 if possible4 ,pines4--,the plants swelling their fruit to be carefully looked over in hot weather that they may receive no check for want of water4 ,continue to pot or plant suckers as soon as they are taken off the parent plants1 as they are apt to shrivel much at this season1 if left out of the ground4 ,attend to the state of the linings to dung pits1 as all ,pine plants1 in whatever situation1 will require a lively bottom heat of #ij deg44 ,vines4--,the houses containing late ,grapes to be shut up warm and rather early 7about four o'clock71 in order to dispense1 if possible1 with fires1 giving air by seven o'clock in the morning1 and increasing it abundantly towards noon1 and to be then diminished at intervals1 in accordance with the state of the weather4 ,,fourth ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,the plants in these houses should receive particular attention that they do not suffer from want of water or fresh potting2 the water to be given in the morning or forenoon1 that the plants and houses may be dry towards night1 to prevent the ill effects arising from damps4 ,camellias4--,look over them1 and disbud where too many are set in a cluster4 ,resurface the soil1 and see that the drainage is efficient4 ,new ,holland ,plants4--,heaths and other such hardwooded plants that have been placed out of doors will now do best in a cold pit or frame1 where they can be protected from heavy rains4 ,pelargoniums4--,when the shoots of the plants that have been cut down are about an inch long1 the old soil must be shaken away1 the roots slightly trimmed1 and then repotted into small pots1 c41 as advised early in ,july4 ,some of the cuttings may now be fit for potting off2 when potted1 to be placed in a pit or frame1 kept close1 and shaded until they have made fresh roots1 when they should be placed out in an open situation to grow firm and stocky1 pinching out the leading shoots2 and to be placed on coal ashes1 slates1 or boards1 to prevent the admission of worms4 ,sow the seed immediately it is gathered1 and also that of ,fuchsias1 or of any other perennial plant1 if ripe before the middle of ,september4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,the stove plants of strong and early growth may be allowed a gradual increase of ventilation and more sunlight4 ,plenty of moisture is still essential for the general stock4 ,shading may now be dispensed with1 except during bright sunbursts4 ,careful attention to be given to the ,allamandas1 ,echites1 ,euphorbias1 ,luculias1 ,stephanotises1 ,dipladenias1 and other such valuable stove plants4 ,the surface soil of large specimens to be stirred1 and weeds and moss removed4 ,gesnera zebrina4--,shift them for winter flowering2 they delight in a mixture composed of equal parts of fibrous loam1 heath soil1 and leaf mould4 ,all plants after shifting do best when placed in a gentle bottom heat2 to be syringed occasionally1 and shaded during bright sunshine4 ,shift on all ,orchids that now require it1 and are making their growth4 ,top dress others1 if they require it4 ,all that are growing freely in pots or baskets1 or on blocks1 to be syringed with clear1 tepid1 soft water in the afternoons of fine days1 and to be shut up early4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,figs4--,if any are growing against the back wall of a vinery1 or other such structure1 it may be advisable to give them a good soaking of water1 and but very little1 if any1 after--as a dry atmosphere is necessary to ripen the fruit4 ,melons4--,continue to supply them with bottom heat4 ,if they are growing in pits or frames1 keep the linings well topped up or renewed1 to produce a comfortable heat inside2 for without it canker is apt to set in and destroy the plants4 ,mushrooms4--,in making beds for these on shelves1 or in boxes1 as recommended a fortnight ago1 or on the floor1 let the whole mass be made very firm by well-beating it as it is put on in layers4 ,it is advisable when the spawn is put in to cover it with good1 strong1 fresh loam at least from two to three inches thick1 and to make it as firm as possible4 ,the ,mushrooms will come stronger and of much better quality than if partly-exhausted soil is used4 ,pines4--,if the winter fruit have finished blossoming1 supply them occasionally with clear liquid manure when they want water4 ,the growth of the crown to be checked1 and all useless suckers1 gills1 c41 to be removed4 ,when a house or pit is devoted to late ,pines alone1 an abundance of moisture should be supplied4 ,give abundance of air to the young stock in dungpits1 and increase the dryness of the atmosphere1 to induce maturity of growth and a hardy constitution against winter4 ,shift1 if not already done1 succession plants into larger pots4 ,any plants recently potted to be shaded during bright sunshine1 sprinkled overhead every afternoon1 and the house closed early4 ,the sprinkling will be sufficient without watering at the root until the plants begin to grow4 ,vineries4--,continue to secure a dry state of the atmosphere when the ripe fruit is intended to hang for any length of time1 using a little fire heat when necessary to dispel damp4 ,to ripen the fruit in late vineries1 it is frequently necessary to use fire heat1 but more especially when the external temperature ranges below #ej deg44 ,,september4 ,,first ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,balsams4--,give them a good watering when they show indications of drooping2 but be cautious in watering when the least stagnation appears1 as saturation will be death to them4 ,bulbs4--,pot ,hyacinths and other such bulbs for forcing4 ,when potted1 to be placed in a dry1 cool situation1 as advised in the early part of the month1 and covered with some porous material--such as coal ashes1 old spent tanner's bark1 coarse sand1 or any other material that will serve to keep the roots not only cool and un-acted on by atmospheric changes1 but which1 from being moderately damp1 will not abstract moisture from the roots1 but keep them uniformly and evenly moistened4 ,the ,cape bulbs1 if obtained now1 may be had in flower at various periods throughout the winter and early spring4 ,amaryllis ,johnsoni1 vittata1 and many other varieties1 are splendid4 ,ornithogalum1 both the white and orange-flowered species1 the free-growing species of ,ixia1 and the varieties of ,sparaxis tricolor1 are desirable plants that may be easily bloomed by gentle forcing4 ,calceolarias 7,herbaceous74--,pot off seedlings into small pots1 and keep them close in a frame for some days4 ,put in cuttings of the best kinds2 they will strike readily in a common frame4 ,chrysanthemums4--,they should now be stopped for the last time1 to produce a late succession of bloom4 ,climbers4--,be careful to train the shoots1 that the trellis or stakes may be furnished and clothed with foliage and flowers from the rim of the pot upwards4 ,fuchsias4--,to have a late bloom1 cut back about half of the young wood1 trimming the plants to handsome shapes4 ,if placed or plunged in a little bottom heat they will break again1 and continue blooming till ,christmas4 ,lilium lancifolium4--,supply them cautiously with water1 as advised for ,balsams1 and shade the flowers from bright sunshine1 to prolong their beauty4 ,when they have done blooming1 to be removed to the foot of a south wall or fence to ripen their growth4 ,water to be given sparingly until their tops show signs of decay1 when they may be laid on their sides till potting time4 ,the same treatment is recommended for ,gladioli and plants of like habit4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,some judgment will now be necessary to arrange the plants that are finishing or have completed their season's growth in the coolest part of the house1 where they should be freely supplied with air1 and rather cautiously and sparingly with water4 ,while others in free growth should be encouraged with warmth and moisture by giving but very little air and a liberal supply of water during very fine sunshiny weather4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,when the fruit in the early houses is gathered1 the great object should be to ripen the wood4 ,a certain degree of attention is necessary to be given by exposing them to light and air1 and preserving the leaves from injury1 as it is upon their healthy action that the future crop depends4 ,cherries4--,trees in tubs1 or large pots1 if intended for early forcing1 to be removed to a cool1 and plunged in an open airy1 situation1 to continue the regular root action1 upon which much of their future success will depend4 ,figs4--,withhold water from the borders where the second crop of fruit is ripening4 ,trees in tubs1 or large pots1 intended for early forcing1 to be treated as advised for ,cherries4 ,peaches4--,if mildew attack the trees before the leaves have performed their necessary functions1 dust the affected shoots with sulphur4 ,trees in pots to be treated as recommended for ,cherries4 ,pines4--,take advantage of fine weather to encourage free growth where it is desirable4 ,plants swelling their fruit to be supplied occasionally with clear liquid manure4 ,the succession plants to be supplied with water at the roots1 as inattention to that particular during hot weather is very likely to cause some of the plants to fruit prematurely4 ,strawberries4--,the stock intended for forcing to be carefully attended to2 to be kept free from runners and weeds2 and1 when necessary1 to be liberally watered4 ,free exposure to sun and air1 and a little weak liquid manure1 will assist to produce stout healthy plants for forcing4 ,vines4--,when the fruit is ripe1 give air freely1 and keep the house as cool and dry as possible4 ,stop laterals in the late houses1 and expose the foliage to light1 to make it as healthy and vigorous as possible4 ,vines in pots to be treated as advised for ,cherries4 ,,second ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,as boisterous winds1 heavy rains1 and other atmospheric changes occur about this time1 it is advisable to draft the choicest out-door greenhouse plants to their winter quarters4 ,each plant to be carefully examined1 dead leaves removed1 and any defects in the soil or drainage of the pots to be remedied4 ,if worm-casts1 or other indications of the presence of worms1 appear on the surface of the soil1 by carefully turning the ball of soil out of the pot they can generally be picked out4 ,if they are not visible on the outside of the ball1 a small peg stuck in will direct particular attention to it until the intruder is removed4 ,when staging the plants1 a pleasing variety may be introduced by placing a few on inverted pots4 ,sufficient space to be given to each plant to allow the air to circulate freely around4 ,if there is not sufficient room for all1 the oldest or mis-shapen plants may be rejected1 or wintered in a pit or vinery4 ,when housed1 all the air possible should be given in fine weather by the entire withdrawal of the lights1 and only reducing the ventilation when unfavourable changes in the weather take place4 ,heliotropes4--,pay attention to keep them in a growing1 healthy state for winter flowering4 ,mignonette4--,sow now and a month hence1 for winter and spring blooming4 ,pinks4--,pot ,anne ,boleyne and other sorts1 to be well established before they are wanted for forcing4 ,roses4--,some of the ,tea-scented and ,china kinds1 being placed under glass1 and to be repotted if requisite1 will promote immediate growth and early blooming4 ,violets4--,take up with good balls1 to be potted in rotten turf1 or leaf mould and road-scrapings1 in #dh or #cb-sized pots1 placed in a pit or frame near the glass1 for flowers in the winter and early spring4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,as the season of active growth is now getting to a close1 it is advisable to ripen off gradually the pseudo-bulbs and strong healthy shoots by keeping up a genial atmosphere1 ranging from #gj deg4 to #hj deg41 with abundance of air in favourable weather4 ,cattleyas1 ,epidendrum ,skinneri1 ,laelias1 ,lycaste ,skinneri1 and ,odontoglossum grande1 to be kept rather cool1 and to be slightly syringed occasionally4 ,water to be given more sparingly to all the plants except such as are growing freely4 ,shading to be now dispensed with as much as possible1 that the plants may have the benefit of the ripening influence of the sun4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,figs4--,continue to pay strict attention to the state of the atmosphere4 ,where the fruit is still swelling and ripening1 slight fires will be useful in dull1 cold weather1 to assist in ripening the fruit2 and but little syringing and watering will be required from this time forward4 ,melons4--,take advantage of fine weather by giving plenty of air1 shutting up early1 and keeping the shoots regularly thinned4 ,in whatever structure they may be growing1 it is advisable to keep up the bottom heat by a gentle fire1 or by linings4 ,peaches4--,we will suppose the trees to be now fully exposed to the air night and day1 and will1 therefore1 require but little attention1 except an occasional washing with the engine1 to remove insects and to allow the foliage to perform its functions to a natural decay4 ,if a blank in the house is to be filled up1 it may be done as soon as the crop is gathered from the open wall2 and the crop to be expected from the same tree next season will depend upon the care with which it is removed1 as there will be sufficient time for the wood to be ripened and the tree to make fresh roots1 and to get sufficiently established before winter4 ,pines4--,where young stock is grown in dung-pits1 care to be taken by giving air freely in favourable weather1 to avoid growing the plants weakly in a close and warm temperature1 and by a sufficient command of heat from the linings to allow a little air to be given at night and on cloudy days4 ,vines4--,all long growths1 whether bearing or not1 to be stopped1 as it is getting too late for them to be benefited by the foliage made after this period of the year4 ,a gentle fire in damp weather is useful to keep the atmosphere dry when the fruit is ripe4 ,the bunches to be frequently and carefully looked over and all tainted berries removed1 and the foliage kept free from insects4 ,fire heat is also necessary where the fruit is not yet ripe1 and where the fruit is cut it is sometimes necessary to keep the atmosphere dry and rather warm1 to ripen the wood4 ,,third ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,finish housing the greenhouse plants1 and give them as much air as possible2 for if air is too sparingly admitted at this season1 when many of the plants have not finished their growth1 it will cause them to produce weak and tender shoots1 which will be very liable to damp off at a more advanced period when the inclemency of the external air will cause them to be kept close4 ,water to be liberally supplied when they are first taken into the house1 as the dry boards on which they may stand1 or the elevated situation and free circulation of air will occasion a more frequent want of that element than when they stood on the moist earth4 ,however1 by no means go to the extreme1 but give it only when evidently necessary4 ,azaleas4--,plants that have set their blooms to be removed to the greenhouse2 but the late kinds to remain in heat until their growth is matured and the bloom set4 ,if a few are required to bloom at ,christmas1 or a little after1 they should be kept in heat until the bloom-buds have swelled to a good size1 when they will require but very little forcing to start them into bloom4 ,bulbs4--,procure and pot them as soon as possible1 as much of the success of early forcing depends upon early potting4 ,camellias4--,treat them as advised for ,azaleas4 ,heaths4--,look sharply after mildew1 as plants that have been growing freely in a shady situation in the open air1 and are in a rather succulent state when taken indoors1 are liable to be attacked by this pest1 which should be removed on its first appearance by an application of sulphur4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,commence a gradual reduction of the temperature in correspondence with the decline of external heat2 by such means the plants will be better prepared to withstand the gloom and other vicissitudes of the winter season4 ,begonias4--,encourage the different kinds for winter flowering by shifting them1 if necessary1 into larger pots4 ,they succeed best in a compost of half leaf mould and half loam4 ,they grow luxuriantly in a soil composed entirely of decayed vegetable matter2 but in that they are liable to rot off at the base of the stem4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,figs4--,trees in tubs or pots still bearing to be assisted with a little liquid manure when dry4 ,withhold water gradually from the borders1 to induce an early1 but not a too premature1 ripeness of the wood and an early rest4 ,peaches4--,the flues of the early house may now be cleaned1 and1 if not yet done1 the lights washed and painted1 if necessary4 ,pines4--,if there are some of the spring fruiting plants still remaining in the fruiting-house1 they should either be placed at one end of the pit1 or removed to a small house by themselves2 the house should then be prepared for the best of the succession plants for the second crop next summer4 ,plants showing fruit after this time1 although they cannot be expected to produce as fine fruit as if earlier in the season1 will1 nevertheless1 be found very useful1 and should have every attention given to them while the season continues favourable4 ,to be placed in the warmest corner of the house1 and to be supplied when dry with a little liquid manure4 ,continue to grow on the young stock while the weather continues favourable2 for fine sunny days and moist growing nights are all that we can desire4 ,a good portion of solar heat to be secured by shutting up early4 ,on cold nights gentle fires will be necessary to keep up the temperature to #gj deg4 towards morning4 ,vines4--,the ,vines that are to be forced early1 if the wood is well ripened and all the leaves nearly off1 may be pruned without much fear of bleeding1 keeping the house as cool as possible2 but if1 from appearances1 the sap is not considered to be sufficiently at rest1 the pruning should be postponed4 ,continue to forward the ,grapes not yet ripe by giving a little fire heat during the day4 ,air to be given to the house as soon as the sun shines upon it1 as the vapour that ascends1 if not allowed to pass off by ventilation1 will cause the ,grapes to become mouldy and worthless4 ,,fourth ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,the plants that have been in the open borders during the summer to be taken up1 the roots carefully cut back1 and repotted2 to be placed in a gentle bottom heat1 or in some close place1 until they have made fresh roots1 the better to resist the vicissitudes of the dull1 dreary months of the approaching winter4 ,american ,plants4--,if a rich display of bloom is desired in early spring1 the plants should be now potted in rather small pots1 to be plunged in the warmest part of the garden1 and introduced to the forcing-house from ,november until ,february1 as they may be required4 ,the most suitable for such a purpose are the ,azaleas of the nudiflora class with various hybrids1 ,andromeda pulverulenta1 ,daphne cneorum1 ,kalmias1 of sorts1 ,ledum latifolium and ,l4 thymifolium1 ,polygala ,chamoebuxus1 ,rhododendrons1 and ,rhodora ,canadense4 ,calceolarias 7,herbaceous74--,remove them to a shelf as near the glass as possible1 with plenty of air at all favourable opportunities4 ,to be duly supplied with water4 ,camellias4--,water to be given carefully1 to prevent the dropping of the buds4 ,the late-flowering plants to be thinned of their buds1 leaving not more than two buds on each shoot1 and retaining the largest and smallest to get a long succession of bloom4 ,the leaves1 if necessary1 to be washed clean4 ,chinese ,primroses4--,place them as advised for ,calceolarias4 ,cinerarias4--,protect them from the ravages of green fly by the application of the ,gishurst infallible compound4 ,fuchsias4--,continue to encourage the late stock for bloom4 ,seeds may be sown at once1 where there is a greenhouse or other means of sheltering them from frost and damp2 but if you have no such convenience1 it is advisable to postpone the sowing until spring4 ,the seed is separated most easily from the pulp by bruising the berries amongst dry sand1 and allowing it to stand in the sun1 or in a warm place1 until the moisture has evaporated1 when the seed and sand will be intermixed1 and in a fit state to be sown4 ,heaths4--,on fine mornings syringe them1 and ,epacrises and ,pimeleas1 and give all possible ventilation1 both night and day1 while the weather continues favourable4 ,new ,holland ,plants4--,place them in situations to enjoy a considerable share of air and light4 ,all luxuriant shoots to be stopped1 to maintain symmetry and uniformity of growth4 ,a vigilant eye should be kept upon them almost daily1 to see that neither mildew1 green fly1 nor other such enemies be allowed to injure them4 ,orange ,trees4--,if they have been standing out during the summer1 the sooner they are returned to their winter quarters the better4 ,clean the leaves1 if necessary1 and fresh surface the soil in which they are growing4 ,succulents4--,cacti1 ,euphorbiae1 and other such plants to be gradually curtailed in the supply of water as they approach the winter and their season of rest4 ,tropaeolums4--,if any of this beautiful tribe1 particularly ,t4 tricolorum or ,t4 ,brachyseras that have flowered early in the season1 begin to grow1 they should not be checked1 but allowed to grow slowly through the winter2 but if there is no appearance of growth--which is best for their future success--the roots should be kept dormant1 in a cool place1 with the soil about them quite dry1 and protected from mice4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,stove plants cannot be too cautiously watered late in the autumn4 ,nothing is now wanted but to keep the soil from getting quite dry4 ,slight fires to be made in the forenoons of dull and rainy days1 not so much for the purpose of raising the temperature as for drying the house4 ,air to be given at all favourable opportunities1 to maintain a healthy atmosphere4 ,several of the ,orchids--viz41 ,aerides1 ,dendrobiums1 ,saccolabiums1 ,vandas1 c41 may be encouraged by the application of a high temperature1 with much moisture and less shading1 to make further and sometimes considerable growth4 ,cattleyas4--,young plants may also be encouraged to grow for some time longer2 but older specimens should be reduced to a comparatively dormant state by a gradual diminution in the supply of water1 and a decrease in temperature1 with less shading4 ,stanhopeas4--,to be treated as advised for ,cattleyas4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,continue to make fresh beds as formerly directed1 and prepare fresh material for successional ones4 ,to ensure success it is advisable never to allow the manure to be put together in a dry state1 nor to get too far exhausted1 but in that medium state when the strong fermentation has passed off1 and a moderate heat is likely to remain in it for some time4 ,the temperature to be kept from #fj deg4 to #fe deg41 with the admission of air for several hours daily4 ,cherries4--,whether they are in pots or in borders1 and have arrived at1 or are only approaching1 a comparatively dormant state when but little attention will be necessary1 still that little will be required to keep them clear of insects and of the leaves as they become sufficiently ripe1 when they come readily off with a touch4 ,the old surface of the soil of those grown in pots to be removed1 and the same quantity of fresh1 in a rough state1 put in its place4 ,remove them without further delay1 if not already done1 as advised in the early part of the month1 to the north side of a wall or hedge until wanted2 or if not wanted until a sharp frost sets in1 they should be protected from its icy grasp4 ,figs4--,trees in pots to be treated as advised for ,cherries4 ,melons4--,although the weather may have been favourable for ripening the late fruit1 they will in some places still require the assistance of a good top and bottom heat1 and a large portion of air in the middle of the day4 ,peaches4--,trees in pots to be pruned1 and treated as recommended for ,cherries4 ,no time should be lost if fresh trees are to be planted in the place of any that may be worn out4 ,the choice should be made of young trees that are in a bearing state1 and all the better if they had been moved last autumn4 ,in pruning the trees1 after the leaves have dropped1 be sure not to leave them too crowded2 but if the summer pruning1 as frequently advised1 have been properly done1 but very little1 if any1 will be required now4 ,to remove the leaves from the trees in the early houses it is advisable to shake them daily1 and sometimes to brush them gently with a few pieces of birch-spray tied in a bundle4 ,all foreright shoots to be removed1 and the trees in the late houses kept free from insects4 ,pines4--,persevere in former directions as to general routine management4 ,whilst fine weather continues air may be given liberally2 and shut up earlier in the afternoon to secure as much sun heat as possible4 ,plants swelling their fruit to be assisted with a brisk temperature1 both at top and bottom1 from #fe deg4 to #gj deg4 at night1 allowing it to rise to #hj deg4 on sunny days with a steady bottom heat of about #hj deg44 ,when watering is necessary let it be given in sufficient quantity to moisten the whole of the soil4 ,the suckers and crowns that were potted in the summer months should now be shifted1 if they have grown freely2 they should then be plunged in a brisk bottom heat in the succession-house or pit1 from which the plants have been removed1 to the fruiting-house4 ,any remaining suckers on the old stools to be taken off1 potted1 and plunged in a brisk heat in the nursing pit4 ,vines4--,the early house1 or the first lot of ,vines in pots1 if it is intended to start them in ,november or ,december1 to be pruned1 that sufficient time may be allowed to heal up the wounds1 and the buds to become more plump and prominent4 ,the border of the early house to be thatched with straw1 or covered with any other such material1 to protect it from heavy rains4 ,it is also advisable in some situations to cover the borders of the houses in which it is intended to keep ,grapes late1 to prevent the soil getting saturated about the roots4 ,continue to look over ripe fruit1 cutting out the mouldy or tainted berries2 applying gentle fires only when necessary to expel damps1 with a free circulation of air--as a warm1 close atmosphere is as injurious as damp4 ,where the long-rod system is adopted1 the old shoots should be cut down as soon as the fruit is gathered2 and1 whatever system is adopted1 if there are any shoots to remove they should be taken out as soon as they can be spared2 the ends of the remaining shoots1 if green1 to be cut off4 ,continue to pay strict attention to late ,grapes1 look over them daily1 and cut out every decayed berry4 ,,october4 ,,first ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,the plants when newly set in the house are very liable to lose a portion of their leaves3 these should be removed1 and the plants kept supplied with water1 so as to preserve the soil moderately moist throughout4 ,air to be given every day1 and also a portion at night1 if the weather continue mild4 ,bulbs 7,dutch74--,all kinds to be immediately potted and plunged in a convenient situation ready to be removed1 when wanted1 to the forcing-house or pit4 ,if potted and treated as advised some time ago1 a few of them may now be excited into growth4 ,chrysanthemums4--,take up the plants from the open ground2 choose a showery day for the purpose4 ,after potting to be well watered and shaded for a few days1 then placed in a cold pit1 or removed to the greenhouse1 and neatly tied to stakes4 ,the buds to be thinned for a fine display4 ,gladioli4--,pot them1 and ,ixias1 ,sparaxis1 c42 and to be watered sparingly until they begin to grow4 ,lily of the ,valley4--,pot some1 to be treated as advised for ,bulbs1 that a regular supply of this favourite flower may be had during winter4 ,shrubs4--,get in1 if not already done4 ,a supply of ,american plants to be potted1 as advised a fortnight ago1 and plunged in old tan until wanted for forcing4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,continue to act in unison with the season1 allowing the temperature to decline slightly as light decreases4 ,although the ,aerides1 ,dendrobiums1 c41 will continue to enjoy a temperature of #hj deg4 by day and #gj deg4 by night1 the ,cattleyas will require #aj deg4 or #ae deg4 less to bring them to a healthy state of rest2 for if kept in constant excitement they will continue to sprout buds from their pseudo-bulbs1 which generally adds to the size of the plant at the expense of the blooms4 ,achimenes picta4--,promote their growth by every attention1 also ,gesnera zebrina1 which adds much to the beauty of the stove during winter4 ,begonias4--,encourage the different kinds for winter flowering by giving them larger pots if required4 ,euphorbia fulgens and splendens4--,these are also worthy of especial attention1 as they contribute to enliven the house at the dullest season of the year when flowers are scarce4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,cucumbers4--,to prolong the season of fine crisp fruit it is necessary to keep the plants clean and healthy by giving them plenty of top and bottom heat4 ,figs4--,the trees having no fruit likely to come to perfection1 and whose leaves are fading1 to be kept cool and dry1 to induce an early rest4 ,a seasonal rest should also be given by the same means to trees in pots1 that they may be in a fit state for forcing early4 ,melons4--,continue to maintain a warm1 dry atmosphere1 to give flavour to the fruit4 ,they will require little or no water after this4 ,peaches4--,vacancies to be filled with trees from the walls on the open ground4 ,this is a plan preferable to having young trees from the nursery1 which are usually some years in covering the space allotted to them4 ,where the lights have been wholly removed1 after being repaired and painted1 they should be put upon the houses to protect the trees and borders from unfavourable weather4 ,pines4--,ripening fruit to be kept in a dry1 warm atmosphere1 to give it flavour4 ,the swelling fruit to have a warm1 moist atmosphere4 ,water to be given to the plants cautiously2 every one to be examined before it receives any1 and manure water to be dispensed with altogether4 ,the heat of the dung-pits to be kept up by renewing the linings4 ,the crowns and suckers that are planted in the tan to have no water2 all they require is attention in giving air and keeping up the heat4 ,vines4--,attention to be given to the young ,vines in pots that are intended for forcing1 that they may not become soddened1 which would injure the young roots considerably4 ,where netting or any other such material had been used over the lights that open in houses containing fruit1 to prevent the ingress of wasps1 it may be taken down as little mischief will now be apprehended from their attacks4 ,mice are sometimes very troublesome in vineries at this season1 and will spoil a whole house of ,grapes in a short time if not prevented4 ,traps should1 therefore1 be kept set1 and every means used to prevent their ingress from the garden4 ,cover the border when the trees are planted outside1 with a good coat of fern or any other such material before they become saturated and chilled by the autumnal rains1 to be laid on thickly in layers1 beginning at the front of the border1 the whole to be covered with a thin layer of good straw1 and fastened down as a thatcher does the straw on stacks4 ,,second ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,the plants being cleaned1 surfaced1 staked1 and arranged1 they will require but little beyond the ordinary attentions of watering and regulating the admission of air4 ,plants1 when fresh surfaced1 sometimes droop without any apparent cause1 which generally arises from the roots being very dry2 the fresh soil absorbing most of the moisture1 and the water escaping between the pot and ball of earth4 ,this is usually brought on by surfacing the plants when dry3 as soon1 therefore1 as the consequences are observed1 the plants should be examined1 and sufficient water given to wet the ball of earth thoroughly4 ,chrysanthemums4--,treat them without further delay as advised in a late ,calendar4 ,an occasional and moderate supply of clear liquid manure will assist to develope their flowers to greater perfection4 ,if any indication of mildew appear an application of the flowers of sulphur1 when the foliage is damp1 will banish it4 ,fuchsias4--,encourage the young stock to continue their blooming by the application of a little weak liquid manure4 ,when the flowering is over1 and they have lost most of their leaves1 they may then be set aside in any corner free from frost for the winter4 ,to be kept moderately dry4 ,myrtles4--,these and other such evergreen plants requiring protection to be placed in pits or frames1 or in any other structure1 as near the glass as possible4 ,to be watered regularly2 but1 like all other plants1 care must be taken that they do not get too much at any time during the winter4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,the plants that have taken their rest should be shaken out1 and repotted2 pruning back such as require it1 and placing them in a gentle bottom heat4 ,the ,orchids showing bloom--such as the ,cypripediums1 ,phajus grandifolius and ,stenorhynchus speciosus--to be supplied with plenty of heat and moisture4 ,some of the other sorts--such as the ,catasetums1 the ,cycnoches1 ,lycastes1 c41 that are approaching their dormant state--to be accommodated1 if possible1 with a drier and cooler atmosphere4 ,all fast-growing plants--such as ,clerodendrums1 ,vincas1 c4--that require large pots in summer1 to be now turned out of their pots1 the soil to be shaken from them1 and repotted into the smallest sized pots that will contain them1 without pruning the roots much at this time4 ,climbers4--,some of the most rambling will now want some pruning1 more especially where they obstruct the light in any material degree4 ,the ,combretums1 ,echites1 ,ipomsaeas1 ,mandevillas1 late-blooming ,passifloras1 ,pergularias1 ,stephanotises1 ,thunbergias1 c41 which are still growing1 to be regulated with a more gentle hand1 cutting out but little more than barren shoots1 and drawing the remainder into somewhat closer festoons1 to allow the more free admission of sunlight into the interior of the house4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,cucumbers4--,the plants for a winter supply of fruit should now be making progress4 ,keep the vines thin and use every means to keep up a good heat1 with liberal admissions of air at all favourable opportunities1 to get them strong and vigorous against the winter months4 ,stop mildew by dusting the leaves with sulphur4 ,mushrooms4--,succession-beds to be made according to previous directions4 ,give a good sprinkling to those in bearing1 to produce a genial humidity2 and turn the covering material occasionally1 to keep them sweet and free from mouldiness4 ,peaches4--,when the trees in the early house are pruned1 it is advisable to cover the cuts1 when dry1 with white lead1 to prevent the admission of air and water to the wound4 ,wash the trellis1 whitewash the flues and walls1 and make every part of the house clean4 ,dress the trees with a mixture of soft soap and sulphur in hot water2 to be well rubbed in with a brush or sponge4 ,vines4--,continue to look over the ripe ,grapes1 cutting out any decaying berries4 ,if the fruit is to be kept for any length of time1 and if any plants1 through want of other accommodation1 must be kept under the ,vines1 they should be watered in the morning1 using a little fire heat in the day1 with air1 to expel damp before night4 ,whatever system of pruning is adopted1 whether the long-rod or spur1 it is advisable1 when the brown scale is visible1 to take off the loose bark1 to wash them1 and the wires and rafters1 with soft soap dissolved in hot water1 using a hard brush1 being careful not to injure the buds2 afterwards to apply hot lime1 made to the consistency of thick paint4 ,,third ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,the decline of temperature and less watering must go on progressively1 more especially in dull weather1 with free ventilation at all favourable opportunities4 ,if the weather be cold1 use a little fire-heat occasionally during the day1 especially where there are many plants in bloom1 that ventilation may be given to expel damp and stagnant air4 ,cinerarias4--,plants that have filled their small pots with roots to be shifted1 according to their size and strength1 into larger pots4 ,the compost to be one part turfy loam1 one part peat or leaf mould1 and one part rotten horsedung4 ,they delight on a cool bottom1 and will thrive tolerably well in a cold pit1 protected from frost during the winter4 ,they should be placed on a dry bottom of coal ashes1 and kept as near to the glass as possible4 ,heaths4--,they may1 if there is no room for them in the greenhouse1 be kept in a cold pit1 or frame1 during the winter4 ,water to be given carefully on the forenoon of a fine day4 ,frost to be excluded by mats1 or other covering2 but they can be grown sufficiently hardy by free exposure to bear a few degrees of frost without injury if they are shaded from the sun's rays until gradually thawed4 ,mignonette4--,sow1 to come into bloom about the end of ,february4 ,the soil to be rich1 light1 and the pots to have a good supply of crocks at the bottom1 as the success of growing this favourite plant through the winter will depend in a great measure upon the drainage and keeping the plants dry and untouched by frosts4 ,those who have a hotbed frame will find it useful to start the seeds by moderate heat4 ,others who have no such convenience may place their pots in a cold frame in a sheltered situation1 and upon a floor of rough stones overlaid with ashes4 ,pelargoniums4--,the more dormant they can be kept during the winter the better4 ,therefore1 only a very moderate supply of water should be given to keep them from flagging1 and a liberal supply of air at all favourable opportunities4 ,verbenas4--,to be placed on swing or other shelves as near to the glass as possible4 ,they require plenty of air1 the extirpation of green fly1 and a moderate supply of water to preserve them in a healthy condition4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,ferns4--,sow the seeds1 or spores1 when ripe4 ,a convenient sized pot to be filled with sandy peat1 finishing with a few rough lumpy pieces to form an uneven surface4 ,the seeds to be shaken over the tops and sides of these pieces of soil1 by which there is more probability of some of them vegetating than if they had been sown on a level surface where the whole of the seed would be subjected to the same kind of treatment1 which might with ordinary care be either too wet or too dry4 ,the pot to be set in a saucer that contains a little water1 which will feed the whole mass with sufficient moisture without a drop being required on the surface of the pot4 ,the seedlings succeed best in a cool part of the stove where evaporation can be most effectually prevented2 but they do not like to be continually kept close under a bell-glass4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,cucumbers4--,top dress the plants in pots or boxes with leaf mould1 supplying those that are rooting freely with an abundance of atmospheric moisture1 and free circulation of air1 stopping at every second joint1 and setting the fruit as the blossom expands4 ,strawberries4--,it is usual1 when the stock of plants in pots is large1 to lay them on their sides on the south side of a wall or fence1 packed in dry coal ashes1 and topped with boards1 or any other such covering1 to protect them from heavy falls of rain until they are wanted for forcing4 ,,fourth ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,as fresh air is indispensable for the health of plants1 and as fogs occur about this time1 it is essential to apply a little fire-heat during the day1 to expel damps1 and to cause a desirable activity in the circulation of the air4 ,attend to cleanliness1 picking off dead leaves1 and the destruction of insects4 ,bulbs4--,pot ,hyacinths1 ,narcissi1 ,tulips1 c41 to flower late in the spring2 also the ,ixiae and ,gladioli1 and various other ,irideae2 and also ,oxalis1 ,lachenalia1 c4 ,they delight in light open soil composed of peat1 loam1 and sand1 and rotten leaf mould as an addition to1 or substitute for1 the peat4 ,cinerarias4--,give the final shift to the plants intended to flower as specimens in early spring4 ,chrysanthemums to be treated with manure water occasionally4 ,all suckers and spindly shoots to be removed1 and the flowers to be thinned4 ,pelargoniums4--,a little fire-heat by day1 with plenty of air1 will be of service to drive off the damp and stagnant atmosphere caused by heavy rains4 ,watering1 if necessary1 to be given in the morning2 the principal shoots to be tied into a regular form1 and the weakly and useless ones removed2 to be placed near the glass1 to encourage a sturdy1 short-jointed growth4 ,two ounces of the ,gishurst compound1 dissolved in one gallon of soft water1 will speedily banish the green fly4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,cucumbers4--,keep them tied in as they grow2 stop the side-shoots at the second joint2 allow the leader to grow to the required length before stopping it2 and pinch off the young fruit if you think they are not sufficiently strong to carry a crop4 ,peaches4--,prune and dress the trees as soon as they lose their leaves4 ,if the lights are still off any of the early houses the sooner they are put on the better4 ,an abundance of air to be given4 ,pines4--,the temperature of the fruit-swelling plants to range from #fj deg4 to #fe deg4 at night1 with an increase during the day in accordance with the state of the weather1 whether bright and sunny1 or rainy1 foggy1 or frosty2 and the succession plants a few degrees less4 ,humidity to be considerably reduced1 as it tends at this season to produce weak and immature growth4 ,the bark-beds of strong succession plants that are required to start into fruit early1 to be renewed by having a small quantity added to the surface of the bed4 ,pits heated by dung will require covering with mats at night3 when covered let every other light be slightly raised1 to allow the steam to pass off4 ,when the covering is off it will escape through the laps of the glass4 ,take advantage of all opportunities for giving a little air4 ,if it can be done every day1 so much the better for the health of the plants4 ,vines4--,the ,vines in late houses that will not require to be pruned for some time should have the tops or other portions of the immature wood cut off1 to give strength and plumpness to the back eyes4 ,if the houses are dry1 kept free from drip1 and the scissors employed amongst decaying berries1 the fruit that now remains will be in a good condition for holding on for a long time4 ,,november4 ,,first ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,now that the dull1 foggy days and sharp frosty nights have arrived1 it is necessary to keep all plants that have finished their growth free from excitement1 and rather dry at their roots4 ,a gentle fire to be applied during the day1 which will allow the advantage of a free circulation of fresh air1 and1 by closing up early in the afternoon1 will retain sufficient heat to resist the encroachments of ordinary frosts during the night4 ,but if the frost should set in severely1 night coverings1 if possible1 should be applied in preference to fire-heat4 ,american ,plants1 c4--,pot1 if not done1 ,rhododendrons1 ,kalmias1 hardy ,azaleas1 ,lily of the ,valley1 and other plants usually required for winter forcing4 ,chrysanthemums4--,they will require an abundance of air to prevent the flowers expanding weakly4 ,keep them well supplied with water1 and the leaves in a healthy state2 for a great portion of their beauty depends upon so doing4 ,they may sometimes be seen almost entirely denuded of leaves when in flower1 which considerably detracts from what should be their ornamental appearance in the greenhouse or conservatory4 ,primroses 7,chinese74--,give a few of the strongest and most forward a shift into larger pots4 ,the double varieties are very useful for cutting where bouquets are much in request1 as they do not drop the flowers like the single varieties4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,great caution will now be necessary in the application of atmospheric heat and humidity1 as an excess of either will cause a premature and unseasonable growth which no after-care could thoroughly rectify4 ,the thermometer for the majority of stove plants need not at any time of the day exceed #fj deg41 with a fall of #h deg4 or #aj deg4 during the night4 ,begonias4--,they deserve a place in every stove1 as they are plants of easy cultivation1 and bloom at a season when flowers are scarce2 they can also be introduced to the conservatory or sitting-room when in bloom4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,hotbeds4--,keep up the heat of dungbeds by adding leaves and dung to the linings2 but not sufficient of the latter to cause a rank steam in the frames4 ,peaches4--,if any vacancies occur in the late houses they should now be filled up4 ,we have before recommended trees of large size to be taken from the walls for this purpose1 but in so doing care should be taken to select such sorts as the ,murray1 ,elruge1 and ,violette ,hative ,nectarines2 ,noblesse1 ,royal ,george1 ,grosse ,mignonne1 and ,chancellor ,peaches1 being the best adapted for forcing4 ,some sorts are of little value as forced fruit1 although they may bear abundantly4 ,pines4--,coverings to be used1 and as little fire-heat as possible1 to keep up the required heat during the night4 ,the heat of the spring-fruiting and succession-houses to be gradually decreased1 so that it may range from #fj deg4 to #fe deg44 ,the winter-fruiting plants to range #aj deg4 higher4 ,vines4--,the ,grapes will require unremitting attention to keep the house dry1 and to cut out the decayed berries4 ,it will1 we suppose1 be generally observed that the fruit that was ripe before wet weather sets in will keep better than the more backward ones1 which may be a useful hint to make hay while the sun shines1 or1 in other words1 to ripen the fruit in good time4 ,prune and dress the ,vines in the succession-houses as recommended for the early ones4 ,when ,vines have been taken out of the house they should be protected from the vicissitudes of the weather1 as they are sometimes greatly injured by being exposed to excessive wet and severe frosts4 ,,second ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,continue to admit air in favourable weather1 but not in currents2 shut up early2 use water sparingly1 and always tepid--giving little or none to succulents and plants in a state of rest4 ,flowers4--,where there is a pit at liberty it may now be prepared for forcing flowers4 ,the glass must be thoroughly cleaned1 as light is of importance at this season4 ,the tree leaves when gathered to be mixed with a portion of well-prepared dung1 to produce an early action1 and about nine inches of tan or sawdust placed over them in which to plunge the pots4 ,the plants1 if in proper condition1 may be introduced immediately--viz4 ,azaleas1 ,camellias1 ,persian ,lilacs1 ,gardenias1 ,moss and ,provence ,roses1 ,rhododendrons1 ,sweet ,briars1 ,honeysuckles1 c4 ,the ,hyacinths1 ,narcissi1 ,tulips1 and other bulbs that have been potted early1 as advised in due season1 may be introduced successively in small quantities when the buds are an inch or two long1 plunging them in any out-of-the-way part of the pit1 covering them for a time with four or five inches of old tan4 ,heaths and ,new ,holland ,plants4--,water them sparingly4 ,dry the atmosphere if necessary by lighting a slight fire on fine days4 ,give air freely4 ,pelargoniums4--,shift and tie out as they may require4 ,a few of the most forward may be accelerated by a little heat4 ,primroses 7,chinese74--,water with caution4 ,two or three small pegs to be stuck into the soil around each1 to keep the stem and plant erect in the pot4 ,thin out weak and deformed bloom-buds4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,the resting section of ,orchids should now be allowed to settle down gently to their annual repose by withholding water at the root1 by diminishing the amount of atmospheric moisture1 and by giving a more liberal ventilation than in the growing season4 ,the more evergreen kinds--such as some of the ,aerides1 ,dendrobiums1 ,saccolabiums1 ,vandas1 c41 to be favoured with the warmest situation4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,asparagus4--,where it is wanted early1 preparations should now be made for forcing it4 ,any old ,cucumber or ,melon-bed that still retains a gentle heat may be used for the purpose4 ,the plants to be placed as closely as possible1 and covered with three or four inches of any light soil4 ,the application of linings will supply any deficiency of heat that may be caused by severe weather4 ,when the heads come up1 to be supplied with an abundance of light and air4 ,cherries4--,look over the plants in pots1 and if they require shifting into larger pots it may be done at once4 ,the pots to be plunged in coal ashes1 or any other loose material1 to protect the roots from frost1 and where they will commence rooting immediately4 ,figs4--,if the summer and autumn attention has been given to them1 as advised1 very little1 if any1 winter pruning will now be required2 but if such is necessary it may be done as soon as the leaves fade4 ,the trees to be carefully washed clean all over with soap and water1 and then painted over with a mixture composed of one ounce of soft soap and one ounce of sulphur to a quart of water4 ,trees in pots to be shifted1 or top-dressed1 as may be necessary4 ,shifting is only recommended when it is desirable to increase the size of the trees4 ,to be afterwards placed in a shed with the pots plunged in leaves4 ,pines4--,the plants on which the fruit has recently appeared to be encouraged with heat and moderate moisture2 but those that are likely to show for the next two months to be supplied with a temperature to keep them progressing slowly that they may be just beginning to swell their fruit when the days and sun are lengthening and strengthening4 ,the state of temperature of the beds recently renewed with tan to be examined frequently1 as they sometimes become suddenly too hot4 ,now1 when ,oak and other tree leaves can be collected1 it is advisable to use half leaves and half dung for lining the pits heated by fermenting materials2 the leaves contribute to make the heat more regular and lasting4 ,give no water to the succession plants during dull weather except to such plants as are near the flues and pipes1 and are apt to get over-dry in consequence4 ,sea-kale4--,if this delicious vegetable is wanted early1 a small hotbed should be made in some convenient place2 the roots to be taken up and placed upon it1 covered with a little light soil1 and protected by boards or any other contrivance most convenient and suitable to exclude light and the inclemency of the weather4 ,rhubarb4--,the same as advised for ,sea-kale4 ,where a ,mushroom-house is at work is the best place for both4 ,vines4--,all fading leaves to be removed from the ,vines on which fruit is hanging1 and the house to be kept dry1 light1 and airy1 and free from anything likely to create mould or damp4 ,,third ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,careful attention should now be given to the picking off mouldy and dead leaves1 decaying flower-stems1 c41 as they spread contagion wherever they touch4 ,drip to be prevented1 and atmospheric humidity to be disposed of by a gentle day fire occasionally1 and the free admission of air4 ,azaleas 7,chinese74--,introduce a few into heat for early bloom4 ,the ,a4 ,indica alba and ,phoenicea are best to begin with2 to be succeeded by ,smith's coccinea1 and after it any of the other varieties4 ,as decorations for the conservatory or drawing-room they are invaluable where they continue for six weeks or two months in perfect beauty4 ,camellias4--,water1 when necessary1 to be given in a slightly tepid state1 and plenty of air1 that the buds may be allowed to swell full and prominent by a slow but sure process4 ,if bloom is required early1 to be forwarded by introducing them into a situation where heat is applied4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,withhold moisture entirely from the roots of deciduous ,orchids1 and such as are sinking into a state of repose4 ,any late specimens1 or importations1 making late growths to be favoured with the best light situations in the house and a little water1 to keep up the vitality sufficient to produce the secretions necessary to carry them safely through the dull days of winter4 ,look over all growing plants1 and see that they do not suffer for want of water4 ,look to every ,orchid1 even the smallest growing on blocks or in baskets1 they all require attention4 ,repot or surface dress any that require it4 ,a favourable day to be chosen to wash the lights for the more free admission of that agent most indispensable for their health4 ,the whole to be kept neat1 and free from insects2 and the plants on stages1 tables1 or suspended from blocks1 baskets1 c41 to be arranged in a manner the most suitable for a picturesque and pleasing effect4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,where early forcing is intended it is advisable to give a thorough cleansing to the houses by limewashing and dressing the wood of ,cherries1 ,figs1 ,peaches1 ,vines1 c41 as frequently directed4 ,beans 7,dwarf ,kidney74--,sow in six-inch pots2 when crocked to be filled within three inches of the rim with a compost consisting of old ,cucumber or ,melon mould1 rotten dung and leaf mould in about equal proportions4 ,to be placed in any convenient part of the forcing-house for a few days until the soil is warm4 ,the ,beans are then sown about ten or twelve in each pot1 and pressed by the finger about an inch below the soil4 ,in a week they will be up2 to be then thinned out1 according to the strength of the plants1 to six or eight in each1 and to receive a gentle watering4 ,when the two first leaves are fully developed the plants to be earthed up as high as the cotyledons4 ,to be regularly syringed and watered at the roots1 taking especial care that they do not become too wet1 or they will damp off4 ,when they have made two joints to be stopped1 to cause them to produce laterals and bearing branches4 ,the plants to be placed as close to the glass as possible4 ,the ,chinese ,dwarf and ,fulmer are good sorts for forcing4 ,figs4--,a temperature of about #dj deg4 will suit them at present2 if allowed to get lower they are very apt to suffer4 ,trees in pots to be removed to any house where that degree of temperature is kept up4 ,peaches4--,where the roots are inside1 and have been kept dry1 an application of weak1 clear liquid manure1 at the temperature of summer heat 7#gf deg471 will act as a stimulant to the roots1 whose services are required before much excitement takes place at top4 ,pines4--,now1 at the dullest season of the year1 it is necessary to be very cautious in regulating the bottom and surface temperatures1 more especially in the succession-houses or pits2 a bottom heat of about #gj deg41 with a steady top temperature of about #fj deg4 during the day1 and about #ee deg4 during the night1 will keep the plants in a comparatively comfortable state of rest1 neither allowing the temperature to decline so low as to reduce their vitality to such a degree as to endanger their restoration to vigour in proper season1 nor to rise so high as to excite them into a growth that would be immature for want of solar light and heat4 ,a moderate application of water will also be necessary4 ,vines4--,when the ,grapes are all cut1 prune the ,vines without loss of time1 that the wounds may have sufficient time to get perfectly healed before they are excited into growth4 ,if delayed until early spring1 bleeding will be sure to follow4 ,vines in pots intended for forcing should either be placed within the protection of the house appropriated to them1 or secured from the effects of severe weather4 ,,fourth ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,the great object should now be to keep them moderately dry2 water1 when necessary1 to be given in the forenoon4 ,gentle fires to be applied in the daytime1 with a sufficiency of air to allow the vapour to pass off4 ,all decaying leaves1 flower-stalks1 c41 to be carefully picked off4 ,all weeds1 moss on the surface of pots1 or anything else that would tend to cause dampness1 mildew1 or decomposition1 to be cleared away4 ,pinch off the tops of any of the half-hardy plants that are growing too rapidly4 ,climbers4--,to be closely tied1 that they may interfere as little as possible with the admission of light4 ,forcing ,pit4--,the various plants described in former ,calendars1 and recommended to be forwarded here for furnishing the drawing-room1 conservatory1 or mixed greenhouse1 will require careful and skilful attention4 ,moderate syringings with tepid water to be given on suitable occasions4 ,fire heat to be applied1 more especially in the daytime1 with air at every favourable opportunity4 ,the pit to be shut up early1 and the heat to be husbanded by external coverings in preference to night heat4 ,syringings with the ,gishurst ,compound1 or frequent and moderate fumigations of tobacco smoke1 to be given to destroy green fly4 ,the water to be always tepid when applied to the roots or branches when they require it4 ,new ,holland ,plants4--,as they are very apt to suffer when exposed to cold draughts of air1 and as they are generally wintered in the same house with the more hardy sorts of greenhouse plants1 they should occupy a part of the house where air can be admitted1 when necessary1 from the top lights only4 ,orange ,trees4--,advantage to be taken of unfavourable weather for out-door work1 to clean the foliage of ,orange trees and ,camellias4 ,it is as essential to the health of such things that the foliage be kept clean1 and1 therefore1 in a fit state to perform its functions1 as that their roots be kept in a healthy1 active state4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,asparagus4--,make a slight hotbed of tree leaves1 if they can be procured1 of size or substance sufficient only to cause a gentle heat4 ,the roots may be taken up from the open ground1 and planted at once in the bed4 ,mice and slugs to be looked after4 ,any vacant pits1 or frames1 may be made available for the purpose of forcing ,asparagus4 ,cherries4--,to be treated as advised for ,peaches4 ,cucumbers4--,if the plants are strong1 and you have a full command of bottom and atmospheric heat1 you may calculate1 with a little attention1 upon ultimate success4 ,air to be admitted when it is safe to do so1 to get the leaves dry1 if possible1 daily4 ,light is indispensable1 and steep-roofed houses1 or pits1 are preferred for that object in winter4 ,the early nursing-box for young plants should be well supplied with linings1 the glass washed clean and kept in good repair4 ,mushrooms4--,continue to prepare succession-beds as formerly directed4 ,the beds that have been in bearing some time1 if the surface is dry1 to be watered with clear1 weak liquid manure1 a few degrees warmer than the temperature of the house4 ,peaches4--,the early house should now be set in order1 by being thoroughly cleansed1 whitewashed1 and the trees pruned1 dressed1 and tied4 ,air to be given during the day1 and the house to be shut up at night for a fortnight or three weeks1 preparatory to the commencement of forcing4 ,pines4--,the principal objects of attention during this dull season should comprise a moderate declension of heat and moisture1 and a moderate supply of air at all times when it can be admitted with safety4 ,when heat is supplied by fermenting materials the linings will require some sort of covering--as straw1 fern1 boards1 or shutters--to protect them from cold winds1 frosts1 or rains2 only a gentle bottom heat is now required at this1 that should be1 their season of rest1 as a dry and moderately warm atmosphere is nearly all they will require4 ,if the young plants are growing in pits heated solely by dung linings1 be careful to exclude the steam from the dung1 as excess of damp will rot the hearts of the plants4 ,vines4--,if early ,grapes are required1 it is advisable to adopt the old-fashioned plan of placing some sweet hot dung inside the house1 to produce an atmosphere that is most congenial for softening the wood1 and for breaking the buds4 ,the roots1 if outside1 to be covered with a good depth of litter1 to produce an increase of heat by fermentation1 and to prevent the escape of terrestrial heat4 ,all ,vines casting their leaves to be pruned immediately4 ,,december4 ,,first ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,every endeavour should now be made to keep these houses as gay as possible4 ,fire-heat to be applied occasionally during dull1 dark1 or rainy weather1 taking care not to raise the temperature too high--say greenhouse from #ej deg4 to #ee deg4 by day and from #dj deg4 to #de deg4 by night2 conservatory #fj deg4 by day and #ej deg4 by night4 ,chrysanthemums to be removed as soon as they get shabby1 to be succeeded by early ,camellias4 ,the ,euphorbia jacquiniflora is well worthy of attention now2 it requires but a very moderate allowance of water at this season1 as the least saturation or interference with the root action will cause the leaves to turn yellow while the plant is in flower4 ,poinsettia pulcherrima is also worthy of particular attention as a noble ornamental flower at this season4 ,the old ,plumbago ,capensis and rosea still retain their places amongst our best plants at this season4 ,acacias and ,cytisuses1 being yellow and showy1 give1 with the other flowers1 a variety of colours to beautify the whole4 ,gesnera zebrina should not be forgotten2 the elegant markings of the leaves contribute to enhance the beauty of this beautiful winter flower4 ,heaths4--,as fire-heat is generally injurious to this tribe of plants it is advisable to be very cautious in its application4 ,they can bear a good deal of cold and some degrees of frost without sustaining any very serious injury2 but they cannot bear the drying influence of fire-heat without serious damage to their foliage1 and which is very frequently death to the plants4 ,they will require but very little water1 especially the large specimens1 which should be very particularly examined as to their state of dryness or otherwise1 as a guide to the application or withholding of water4 ,an abundance of air to be given on fine days1 to keep the plants from growing4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,a cautious application of fire-heat to be still observed here4 ,the temperature to be kept rather low than otherwise1 for fear of exciting premature growth4 ,a small portion of air to be admitted on fine days1 to purify the atmosphere of the house4 ,keep the surface of the soil in the pots free from weeds1 as also from moss and lichen2 but when doing so do not loosen the soil so as to injure the roots near the surface4 ,keep every plant free from dead leaves1 and all climbing plants neatly tied up4 ,the ,achimenes1 ,clerodendrons1 ,erythrinas1 ,gloxinias1 and the various bulbs will now be approaching a state of repose1 and therefore will require but little or no water4 ,to prevent confusion or mistakes it is advisable to place them on a shelf1 or some other part of the house1 by themselves4 ,although dormant1 or nearly so1 they require a stove temperature to keep them safe and sound4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,asparagus and ,sea-kale4--,make up beds as wanted4 ,mushrooms4--,keep a moist atmosphere in the house1 and the temperature steadily at or near #fj deg44 ,a fresh bed to be made and spawned every three or four weeks1 to produce successional crops4 ,pines4--,the fruit now swelling will require the temperature and moisture of the house or pit to be kept up4 ,those intended for the main crop to be kept in a regular state1 allowing them air at every favourable opportunity1 with a day temperature from #gj deg4 to #ge deg4 and from #ee deg4 to #fj deg4 at night4 ,plants in bloom to receive careful attention4 ,keep the atmosphere dry with a brisk temperature1 admitting a little fresh air at favourable opportunities1 to prevent them from being injured by damp4 ,when the heat is kept up by dung linings1 constant watching will be necessary to prevent any fluctuation of temperature1 having materials at hand to assist in case of frost4 ,vines4--,where forcing has commenced attend to the breaking of the ,vines by the application of fermenting manure inside the house1 as advised last week1 which will be found the best means of keeping the atmosphere regularly moist2 but if such cannot be used1 the wood should be syringed frequently1 and evaporating-pans1 or troughs1 kept full of water4 ,the roots1 if outside1 to be protected1 and afforded a steady1 gentle warmth until the buds are fairly swelled4 ,as it is advisable to proceed very slowly with early ,vines1 the temperature to range from #ee deg4 to #fj deg4 by day and from #de deg4 to #ej deg4 by night1 and even rather under than over the above scale4 ,late ,grapes will require great care to preserve them from damp4 ,look over them frequently1 and dry the house by fire during the day4 ,,second ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,every dead1 decaying1 and mouldy leaf1 and flowerstalk1 to be removed as soon as they are seen4 ,mildew to be banished by an application of flowers of sulphur1 and afterwards to be prevented from making its appearance by a free ventilation on clear1 mild mornings1 using a little fire heat at the same time4 ,great caution is now necessary in giving water to the plants1 more especially to such as have not well matured their growth1 and are in a rather soft state4 ,it is also advisable to look over them every morning1 that the flagging of a leaf may be noticed1 and the necessary supply of water be given4 ,all pots to be turned around occasionally to keep the plants uniform4 ,calceolarias4--,remove all decayed leaves1 and be careful to give no more water than is really required4 ,keep down green fly4 ,cinerarias4--,no more fire heat to be given than is necessary to keep out frost4 ,the plants intended for large specimens to receive their final shift2 air to be given on all occasions in favourable weather4 ,every one that is getting pot-bound to be shifted4 ,green fly to be kept down by fumigating4 ,the most forward to have the lightest place in the house1 close to the glass1 with sufficient space for the air to circulate freely around the foliage of each4 ,pelargoniums4--,to be kept rather cool and dry2 fire heat to be avoided1 except when necessary to prevent the temperature falling below #dj deg41 or to dispel damp4 ,every plant intended for early bloom to be arranged in the best form4 ,the system of arranging a piece of twisted bass under the rim of the pot1 to which loops are fastened to secure the shoots and the better formation of the plant1 obviates the too-extensive use of sticks1 a superfluity of which is at all times objectionable4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,continue to act as advised lately4 ,care and caution in the application of water are more especially required1 as there is not a single feature in the cultivation of plants during the winter in which the amateur is more likely to err1 and by reason of which a greater amount of injury is sustained1 than in the application of water either in its fluid or vaporous state4 ,if applied to the soil in superabundance1 the roots1 being inactive1 are certain to sustain some degree of injury2 and if it is applied in excess to the atmosphere in the form of vapour1 the exhalations from the leaves of the plants will be checked in consequence of the density of the medium that surrounds them when they will be sure to suffer4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,cucumbers4--,sow some good variety for planting out next month4 ,a one-light frame on a well-worked bed of dung and leaves is most suitable for the purpose1 as producing an atmosphere moist and congenial for their healthy vegetation and growth4 ,peaches4--,syringe the trees that are just started and swelling the buds1 and keep every plant clean and neat4 ,pines4--,when the application of fire heat is necessary during severe weather1 it is advisable to pay particular attention to those that have done blooming and swelling off in various stages1 that they may not receive a check from being over-dry at the roots4 ,vines4--,leaves1 or dung1 or both mixed together1 when used to produce fermentation1 and a sweet vaporous atmosphere to break the early ,vines1 should be turned and watered at least once a-week4 ,keep the wood generally moist1 and proceed in forcing with caution as before advised4 ,as the most essential point in early forcing is to secure a healthy and vigorous root action1 it is advisable1 if the ,vines are planted inside1 to excite the roots by an occasional application of water at a temperature from #he deg4 to #ij deg44 ,it the ,vines are planted outside1 a steady heat of about #fj deg4 should be maintained by the fermenting matter placed on the border to be frequently turned over1 and protected with dry litter from the frost or other unfavourable weather4 ,houses intended to commence forcing the early part of next month1 to have some fermenting materials placed on the borders to excite the roots a little before the ,vines are started1 which will be of some assistance to make the buds push strongly and without much loss of time4 ,to induce the buds to break regularly throughout the whole length of the ,vine1 it is frequently necessary to bend the rod so as to incline the most forward buds to the lowest level1 and to elevate the most backward4 ,,third ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,as many of the hard-wooded plants are impatient of fire heat and a confined atmosphere1 it is advisable to use no more artificial heat than is absolutely necessary4 ,the drying effects of fire heat must be counteracted by a supply of moisture2 the moisture becomes condensed on the glass and falls in drips1 that are apt to spoil the beauty of the flowers1 and to injure the foliage of the plants4 ,the best corrective for such unfavourable results is to be found in keeping the temperature as low as may be consistent with the safety of the plants1 and in withholding moisture as much as possible whenever the glass is affected by frost4 ,see that the young stock of ,heliotropes1 ,scarlet ,geraniums1 ,persian ,cyclamens1 and other such flowers1 that are grown especially for winter1 are accommodated with a light1 airy situation1 and receive regular attention as regards watering4 ,avoid watering the ,pelargoniums until they are thoroughly dry1 and keep down insects4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,the plants in the stove should be kept as quiet as possible1 and only just sufficient water given to keep them from flagging1 to be accompanied with a moderately low temperature2 about #fj deg4 by day1 and #ej deg4 by night1 the object being to prevent them from growing before the spring of the year4 ,admit air when it can be done safely1 but do not expose the plants to cold1 frosty winds at any time4 ,as our collections of ,orchids are from countries with different seasons of growth1 and various kinds of temperature and climate1 it is difficult to cultivate in one house a miscellaneous collection of them so satisfactorily as where there are two divisions1 the one commanding a higher temperature1 with more moisture1 than the other4 ,where there is no such division1 advantage may be taken of a forcing-pit1 or other such house1 to which any of them now in a growing state may be removed1 and thus their growth may be promoted without injury to the general collection4 ,for the general collection a drier atmosphere and lower temperature are now desirable1 as no plants are more benefited by a season of rest than ,orchids4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,all ,vines1 ,peaches1 and ,figs in ,pots1 or ,tubs1 to be secured from frost and wet4 ,a fermenting body in a forcing vinery is an excellent plunging medium for such of these as are wanted very early4 ,keep up a succession of ,asparagus1 ,french ,beans1 ,rhubarb1 ,sea-kale1 c41 according to the demand4 ,cucumbers4--,thin out the fruit occasionally1 more especially if too many appear at one time4 ,if any plants have been bearing some time1 and now appear nearly exhausted1 they may be rallied into vigour again by a judicious pruning and thinning1 and by the application of a top dressing of leaf mould or other such rich1 light soil1 and of liquid manure occasionally4 ,peaches4--,a moist heat1 arising from dung or leaves1 is as beneficial to ,peach trees as to ,vines before they break1 but as it can but rarely be made use of1 in consequence of the difference in the structure of the interior1 moisture must be supplied by other means1 such as syringing and sprinkling the flues1 or pipes1 when warm4 ,a few trees1 in pots1 are useful for early forcing1 as they can be easily plunged in a pit or any other convenient place where a mild regular bottom heat can be supplied4 ,the trees for this purpose must have been grown and established for some time in pots4 ,pines4--,a regular heat1 both bottom and atmospheric1 to be kept up to carry the general stock of fruiting plants safely through the winter4 ,a high and close temperature to be avoided in the management of the succession plants4 ,strawberries4--,if ripe fruit is wanted very early1 some of the strongest plants1 if treated as advised1 should now be selected1 and placed in a pit where they can get a gentle bottom heat1 or on the back or front shelf of a vinery or ,peach-house1 just started for forcing1 to be placed near the glass with a free admission of air on fine days4 ,vines4--,it is advisable1 when beginning to force1 to commence with a low temperature--say1 #ee deg4 by day and #ej deg4 by night1 to be increased #e deg4 more until they break1 when it may be raised to #fj deg4 at night1 and #fe deg4 in the day1 or thereabouts1 allowing a rise of a few degrees by sun heat4 ,the ,vines to be syringed evening and morning until they break1 and the walls and floor kept damp4 ,if the stems of the ,vines are near the flues1 or pipes1 wrap moss over that part1 and keep it constantly moist4 ,the ,vines in the late houses to be pruned1 the loose bark to be removed1 and the scale1 if visible1 to be banished by an application of the ,gishurst ,compound1 or by the more ancient composition of sulphur1 soft soap1 and tobacco water4 ,where the fruit is ripe1 a little fire heat will be necessary in frosty weather to prevent the vapour that adheres to the glass on the inside being frozen1 for the moisture on thawing is apt to drop upon the bunches causing injury to the bloom1 and decay to the berries4 ,,fourth ,,week4 ,,greenhouse ,,and ,,conservatory4 ,continue to keep the supply of heat and moisture at the lowest degree compatible with the safety of the plants from frosts4 ,in damp1 foggy weather1 a gentle fire to be applied occasionally during the day to expel moist1 stagnant air4 ,during severe winterly weather it is advisable to be cautious in the application of heat1 more especially at night4 ,from #de deg4 by night to #ej deg4 by day will be sufficient for the conservatory1 and #dj deg4 for the mixed greenhouse4 ,to give a pleasing variety to the appearance of these houses it is advisable to rearrange the plants occasionally2 those going out of flower to be removed1 and a fresh supply introduced from the forcing-pit4 ,all plants in these and other departments to be regularly looked over1 removing the dead leaves and tying in straggling branches4 ,the surface soil to be stirred a little1 and some fresh added4 ,as all compost-heaps are benefited by exposure to frosts1 it is advisable to turn over the caked or frozen surface every morning1 until the whole is turned over and penetrated by the frost1 by which grubs and all such kinds of vermin are destroyed1 and the soil considerably ameliorated4 ,calceolarias 7,herbaceous74--,to be shifted into larger pots if they require them1 to be kept near the glass1 to be watered moderately through a fine rose1 and on no account to be allowed to get thoroughly dry4 ,to be careful when removing decayed leaves1 not to pull or to cut them off too close to the stem1 by which the flower-shoots would be very likely to get injured4 ,camellias4--,great care is necessary that they may not be exposed to great alternations of temperature1 which are sure to cause them to drop their flower-buds4 ,the great reason why flower-buds very often fall off without properly coming into bloom1 is the too sudden changes in the temperature to which they are exposed4 ,for instance3 when the buds are nearly ready to expand1 a sudden heat causes them to push too rapidly2 and1 on the contrary1 a decrease of warmth at the time checks their growth1 and in other cases causes them to fall4 ,the heat required to expand the blossom-buds is about #fj deg4 by day1 and #ej deg4 by night4 ,if this be attended to1 the plants will continue in flower for a great length of time1 as the plants in that heat are not excited to grow4 ,a little weak manure water to be given occasionally to the blooming plants4 ,chrysanthemums4--,when they begin to fade1 to be removed to the north side of a wall or fence1 the pots to be plunged in old tan1 leaves1 or sawdust1 to protect them from the severity of winter4 ,cytisuses4--,place them and other such early-flowering plants in the coldest part of the house1 where they may receive plenty of air at all favourable opportunities4 ,orange ,trees4--,these1 or other such plants that have not been recently potted1 to be surfaced by removing a little of the top soil and supplying its place with fresh4 ,attention to be paid to keeping the leaves clean and healthy4 ,,stove ,,and ,,orchid-,,house4 ,as it would be improper to attempt to maintain the same degree of heat in any structure1 when the external temperature is below the freezing-point as may be permitted if it were #aj deg4 or #ae deg4 above freezing1 we would advise from #ej deg4 by night to #fj deg4 by day1 for the stove and ,orchid-house4 ,as many plants1 especially ,orchids1 suffer from drip at this season1 a careful look-out should be kept1 and either the cause remedied or the plants removed4 ,the decoration of the hothouse would now depend in a great measure upon ,begonias1 ,euphorbias1 ,luculias1 c4 ,such plants should be carefully tied up and placed in the most conspicuous situations1 or some of them may be removed to the conservatory so as to prolong their season of blooming4 ,allamandas4--,continue the temperature and treatment as lately advised4 ,to be potted1 as also ,stephanotis1 c41 and trained preparatory to starting them into growth1 about the beginning of the new year4 ,forcing-pit4--,introduce such plants as are generally used for forcing1 especially the sweet-scented sorts1 ,lily of the ,valley1 ,sweet ,briar1 ,lilacs1 some of the ,tea1 ,bourbon1 or ,hybrid ,perpetual ,roses1 and bulbous plants4 ,ixoras4--,to be elevated near the glass to set their bloom1 and to have plenty of air at favourable opportunities4 ,,forcing-,,houses4 ,cucumbers4--,no diminution of heat to be allowed after the plants are ridged out and in action4 ,peaches4--,it is becoming very much the fashion to have ,peach and some other sorts of fruit trees which are wanted for early forcing in pots1 and the plan is so far good1 that it affords the advantage of being able to give the roots a mild1 regular bottom heat1 which is of the greatest importance in early forcing4 ,those who have good established trees1 in pots1 may now start them in a moderate heat4 ,air to be given liberally in favourable weather1 and the syringe to be used freely over them morning and evening4 ,the surface soil to be stirred up and kept open1 and a supply of manure water to be given previous to starting them4 ,the trees in the late houses to receive whatever pruning is necessary1 and to be cleansed of every particle of scale1 and afterwards washed with a composition of soft soap and sulphur4 ,all bast ties and insect-haunts to be carefully removed4 ,pines4--,during the continuance of severe weather1 dry fern1 straw1 c41 will be necessary1 in addition to mats2 such coverings will be of more service than maintaining strong fires to keep up the temperature4 ,when a supply of fruit is required throughout the year1 it is sometimes necessary1 at this season1 to subject some of the plants to a high temperature to start them into fruit4 ,a few of such as are most likely to fruit soon1 to be put into a pit1 or house1 by themselves1 where a temperature of from #fj deg4 to #fe deg4 by night1 and from #gj deg4 to #ge deg4 by day1 with about #hj deg4 of bottom heat1 will be the most certain treatment for starting them into fruit4 ,the other plants can then be supplied with a moderate temperature until the beginning of ,february2 by such treatment a succession of fruit will be prolonged4 ,do not suffer the linings of dung-beds to decline1 keep up1 if possible1 a temperature of #ej deg4 at night1 and #fj deg4 by day1 with a little air at every favourable opportunity4 ,potatoes4--,plant some sound1 whole sets1 singly1 in three-and-a-half-inch pots1 to be placed at the back of a ,pine-pit1 or in any other place where there is some heat1 they will1 in due time1 be useful for planting out in the exhausted ,asparagus-frames or pits4 ,raspberries4--,when a few early dishes would be considered a treat1 if some canes are taken up and planted in any vacant spot in the ,peach-house1 they will be found to bear fruit abundantly with common care4 ,it is a more certain method of obtaining fruit than by potting them4 ,vines4--,when started and until the buds are fairly broken1 endeavour to keep the points of the shoots nearly on a level with the lowest part of the ,vine1 and if that should not be found sufficient to induce the buds to start regularly throughout the whole length of the ,vine1 the rod should be bent so as to bring the most forward buds to the lowest level1 and elevating those that are backward4 ,a moist atmosphere to be kept up by sprinkling the floor and paths1 and by syringing the ,vines lightly every morning and evening until the leaves begin to appear1 when the supply of moisture will not be so much required4 ,introduce a lot in pots to some house1 pit1 or frame prepared with leaves or manure1 if not done as advised last week4 ,at first1 ,vines in pots are most useful for early work1 as they1 in many places1 save the established ,vines in houses1 from the hazardous operation of early excitement4 ,increase the temperature slightly when the buds are beginning to swell1 or are starting a little4 ,the fermenting material in the house to be stirred up occasionally4 ,this fermenting material should1 if possible1 consist of a large proportion of leaves mixed with the dung1 to prevent the steam from the latter discolouring the rafters and sashes2 and if the vapour is likely to be too strong1 a thin covering of sawdust or old tan will prevent any injurious effects4 ,if the roots are outside the house1 and had been covered before the commencement of frost1 as advised1 some more dung and leaves should be added to keep up a genial heat in the border1 the good effects of which will be soon evident in the progress of the ,vines inside4 ,when the ,grapes are all cut in the late houses1 the ,vines to be pruned immediately1 and the cuts to be covered with white lead4