,,stories ,,pictures ,,tell ,,book ,,four ,by ,,flora ,l4 ,,carpenter ,instructor in drawing in ,waite ,high ,school1 ,toledo1 ,ohio ,formerly supervisor of drawing1 ,bloomington1 ,illinois ,illustrated with ,half ,tones from ,original ,photographs ,,rand ,,mcnally ,,company ,,chicago ,,new ,,york ,copyright1 #aiah1 by ,,rand ,,mcnally ,,company ,all rights reserved ,edition of #aibh ,illustration ,made in ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,the ,,contents ,,september ,,and ,,october ,,page ,the ,sower ,millet #a ,highland ,shepherd's ,chief ,mourner ,landseer #ac ,,november1 ,,december1 ,,and ,,january ,children of the ,shell ,murillo #bc ,saved ,landseer #ca ,,february ,,and ,,march ,pilgrim ,exiles ,boughton #dc ,dance of the ,nymphs ,corot #ea ,,april1 ,,may1 ,,and ,,june ,oxen ,plowing ,rosa ,bonheur #fc ,review of ,pictures and ,artists ,studied ,the ,suggestions to ,teachers #ge ,,the ,,preface ,art supervisors in the public schools assign picture-study work in each grade1 recommending the study of certain pictures by well-known masters4 ,as ,supervisor of ,drawing ,i found that the children enjoyed this work but that the teachers felt incompetent to conduct the lessons as they lacked time to look up the subject and to gather adequate material4 ,recourse to a great many books was necessary and often while much information could usually be found about the artist1 very little was available about his pictures4 ,hence ,i began collecting information about the pictures and preparing the lessons for the teachers just as ,i would give them myself to pupils of their grade4 ,my plan does not include many pictures during the year1 as this is to be only a part of the art work and is not intended to take the place of drawing4 ,the lessons in this grade may be used for the usual drawing period of from twenty to thirty minutes1 and have been successfully given in that time4 ,however1 the most satisfactory way of using the books is as supplementary readers1 thus permitting each child to study the pictures and read the stories himself4 ,,flora ,l4 ,,carpenter ,illustration3 ,by permission of ,braun ,co41 ,paris and ,new ,york ,,the ,,sower ,,stories ,,pictures ,,tell ,,the ,,sower ,questions to arouse interest4 ,what is this man doing8 ,why do you think so8 ,what does he carry over his shoulder8 in his bag8 ,how does he sow the grain8 ,what will be the result of his work8 ,how do you think the grain will be covered8 ,what can you see in the background8 ,do you think the oxen are plowing the field or covering the grain8 why8 ,what time of the day is it8 ,what can you see in this picture to indicate that the man has been working a long time8 ,how is he dressed8 ,how does he wear his hat8 ,what kind of boots is he wearing8 ,what makes you think the ground is soft8 ,is the man standing still1 or walking8 ,why do you think so8 ,where does he seem to be looking8 ,why do you think he looks ahead8 ,what is the cause of the glow in the sky behind him8 ,what do you think are the colors in the sky8 the colors in the field8 ,what time of the year is it8 in what country8 ,what do you like best about this picture8 ,original ,picture3 ,vanderbilt ,collection1 ,metropolitan ,museum1 ,new ,york4 ,artist3 ,jean ,franois ,millet 7mel7e74 ,birthplace3 ,gruchy1 ,france4 ,dates3 ,born1 #ahad2 died1 #ahge4 ,the story of the picture4 ,in this picture ,millet has tried to tell us only a few important facts about the man and his work4 ,it is easy to see that he is sowing grain broadcast over the field4 ,the shadows creeping over ground and sky tell us that night is fast approaching4 ,he seems intent upon finishing that last stretch of field before dark1 and his steady1 rhythmic swing shows none of the physical weariness he must feel4 ,when we think of the life of this sturdy ,french peasant1 as the artist surely intended we should1 we realize the patience and perseverance required in the monotonous day's work1 and we are forced to a feeling of respect and admiration for him4 ,in these days with what ease and skill the same task is performed by the aid of machinery6 ,riding on the seat of a machine which drills the seed into the ground and covers it up1 the man would have found the simple task of guiding his horses a very pleasant one indeed4 ,as he walks along so energetically1 his eyes are probably fixed on some stake at the end of the field to guide him as he travels back and forth1 sowing the grain4 ,no doubt he used a team of oxen to plow and harrow the ground before he sowed the seed4 ,we have no way of knowing just what kind of a harrow he had1 but very likely it was one made of brush or branches of trees4 ,we can see a team of oxen and a driver in the distance1 who seem to be following in the tracks of our sower and covering up the seeds he is sowing4 ,the artist1 ,millet1 knew all about such work1 for he himself had worked out in the fields through the long day4 ,he tells us that his ancestors were peasants and he was born a peasant4 ,no doubt the man in our picture started out on his day's work long before the sun was up4 ,his first task1 after eating his breakfast and feeding his oxen1 was to yoke the oxen ready for the journey to the field where their work was to be done4 ,no doubt the man has been working steadily ever since1 for he does not look like a man who would stop to rest very many times4 ,he gives us rather a feeling of physical strength and of steady1 faithful effort in the accomplishment of his daily tasks4 ,at the close of such a day's labor in the field he will be too utterly weary to sit up and read1 as most of our farmers do during these days of farm machinery and rural delivery4 ,and yet1 there were some who did read even in those days when work was so difficult1 for we know that ,millet sat up many nights with the village priest1 who taught him reading and arithmetic1 and with whom he studied ,latin and read the works of ,shakespeare4 ,it was due to this greater knowledge that ,millet became something more than a mere peasant4 ,it was this that gave him such perfect sympathy with and keen insight into the peasants' lives4 ,his own knowledge of the world made him more conscious of the great contrast between their narrow1 hard-working lives so full of privation1 and those of the men and women in the great world outside so full of opportunity and promise4 ,yet even in so great a city as ,paris1 men could starve1 as he had found out by his own experience4 ,perhaps ,millet wished to make us feel the content of a successful day's work such as this1 with its well-earned quiet and rest1 free from the hurry and noise of the city4 ,although the sun is sinking over a world of beauty and pleasure1 our sower knows nothing and cares for nothing except the accomplishment of his task4 ,his hat1 pulled down over his face1 shades his heavy1 coarse features4 ,although an expert in his work1 doing to the utmost1 his mind is probably dull and slow and quite unequal to any great mental task4 ,and yet what a great work is his1 after all6 ,how dependent we are upon the men of whom he is a type6 ,the fact that he is doing his own work and doing that work well compels our respect and admiration4 ,the light from the sun disappearing behind the hill brings out in silhouette the figure of the sower turned toward the dark and earthy field4 ,this man is not posing for his picture4 ,quite unconscious of our gaze1 he swings briskly forward1 his feet sinking slightly into the newly plowed field4 ,from the bag hanging from his shoulder he scatters the grain with a long sweep of his strong right arm4 ,he is actually moving in the picture4 ,take this position for yourself4 ,the weight of the body falls evenly upon both feet4 ,to raise either foot you must move the entire body4 ,as the right foot goes forward the right arm goes back4 ,if you try taking long strides and swinging your arms you will find this is the natural movement4 ,the horizon line is slanting or diagonal1 and divides the light part of the picture from the dark4 ,the sky and ground are held together by the figure of the sower4 ,notice the absence of details in the picture4 ,the art critics of ,millet's day did not appreciate the great thought expressed in this picture1 for nearly all of them found fault with it4 ,they could see no beauty in a common laborer in his dirty clothes doing his miserable work1 and thought ,millet should have chosen something more beautiful to paint4 ,what do you think of the justice of this criticism8 ,what is your opinion of the beauty of this picture8 ,millet loved these simple1 kind-hearted1 hard-working peasants1 loved their lives of toil in the fields1 respected their labors1 and being so wholly in sympathy with them1 he wished to make us feel so1 too4 ,questions to help the pupil understand the picture4 ,where is the man8 in what country8 ,how can you tell what time of the day it is8 ,why does he not seem weary8 ,why do you think he must be very tired8 ,how early do the ,french peasants usually start to work8 ,what must this man do before daybreak8 ,why do you think he is not lazy8 ,why do we respect and admire him8 ,how could his work be made easier now8 ,how do most of our farmers sow and plant their seed8 ,how did this man plow his ground8 ,what is a harrow for8 ,what kind of a harrow did this man have8 ,what is the team of oxen at the farther end of the field doing8 ,does this man seem to be looking at the ground or far ahead8 ,how did the artist1 ,millet1 know so much about this kind of work8 ,what would this man probably do after his day's work8 ,why did he not read the newspaper1 as our farmers do8 ,what did ,millet do in the evening8 ,how did this help him8 ,what did ,millet wish to make us feel in this picture8 ,how does the horizon line divide the picture8 ,how are the sky and ground held together8 ,why do you suppose ,millet did not paint details1 such as the features of the face or the buttons on the coat8 ,what did the critics say about this picture8 ,how many agree with them8 why8 why not8 ,to the ,teacher3 ,ask one of the pupils to take this position while the others sketch the action1 finishing the sketch from memory--and adding their own background4 ,use ink silhouette1 or charcoal on manila paper4 ,the story of the artist4 ,jean ,franois ,millet was the son of poor ,french peasants who lived on a farm and worked hard to take care of their large family of eight children4 ,jean was the eldest boy4 ,the father was very fond of music and of all beautiful things out of doors1 and often he would say to his son1 ,look at that tree1 how large and beautiful6 ,it is as beautiful as a flower4 ,he would call the boy's attention to the beauty of the fields1 the sunsets1 and all things around them4 ,millet's mother worked out in the fields with the father all day long1 so it was the grandmother who took care of the little boy4 ,it was she who named him ,jean after his father1 and ,franois after the good ,saint ,francis4 ,she was a deeply religious woman1 and nearly all the pictures ,millet saw when a boy were those in her ,bible4 ,he copied these pictures many times1 drawing them with white chalk on the stone walls of the house4 ,this pleased his grandmother very much1 and she encouraged him all she could4 ,at the age of six he was sent to school4 ,when he was twelve years old1 the priest of the village became interested in him and offered to teach him ,latin4 ,millet was only too glad to accept this offer1 and many a happy evening the two spent thus together4 ,but his studies were frequently interrupted by his work on the farm1 for since he was the eldest son his father depended most upon him4 ,it was the custom in ,france among the peasants to take a daily hour of rest from their labors4 ,but the boy ,millet1 instead of sleeping1 spent the hour in drawing the homely scenes around him4 ,one ,sunday morning1 coming home from church1 ,millet met an old man who walked very slowly1 his back bent over a cane4 ,we have all seen just such old men1 and their feebleness has aroused our sympathy and respect4 ,it is not strange1 then1 that something about this bent figure appealed to young ,millet so strongly that he could not resist the desire to draw a portrait of the man4 ,he drew the portrait on a stone wall1 with a piece of charcoal1 and so well that people passing on their way home from church recognized it at once and were very much surprised and pleased4 ,his father1 perhaps1 was the most delighted of all1 for once he himself had wished to be an artist4 ,now he determined that his son should have the chance4 ,we are sure ,millet never forgot that day when the father1 mother1 grandmother1 and his brothers and sisters sat around the table after dinner and talked about his wonderful picture and what they could do to help him become a great painter4 ,and when it was finally decided that his father should take him to the artist 7,mouchel7 in the next village1 you may be sure he worked hard on the drawings he was to take with him4 ,at last the day came for the journey1 and the proud father and his happy son set out on foot for the home of the artist4 ,when shown the drawings ,mouchel at first refused to believe the boy had made them1 they were so good4 ,finally convinced1 he was glad indeed to take ,millet as one of his pupils4 ,but ,millet studied with him only two months when his father died and he was obliged to return home to take his father's place on the farm as best he could4 ,by this time the people of the village had become so much interested in his paintings that they decided to help him4 ,so they raised a large sum of money1 sent him back to the artist to study1 and finally sent him to the great city of ,paris1 ,france4 ,but although he painted wonderful pictures which are worth thousands of dollars to-day1 his style of art was not appreciated then and would not sell1 and he was glad to paint portraits for a few francs each in order to make a living4 ,his life in ,paris was a continuous struggle with poverty1 and at last he decided to leave4 ,with his wife and children he settled in a little three-roomed cottage at ,barbizon1 a tiny little village near a great forest and only a day's journey from ,paris4 ,here was ,millet's home all the rest of his life4 ,although still very poor1 the family did not starve1 as they came so near doing while they lived in ,paris1 for the garden and the fruit trees always provided them with something to eat4 ,at that time the popular artists were painting beautiful pictures of lovely women and men of the nobility in their fine clothes1 or of wonderful saints and angels1 and pictures showing only the happier side of life4 ,to them ,millet's pictures came as a shock1 bringing to mind the dirt and grime of the common1 everyday tasks of the poorer ,french peasants4 ,and1 more than that1 he made them realize the dreadful condition in which the ,french ,revolution had left many of these same peasants1 and that was something of which they did not care to be reminded4 ,so they refused to buy his pictures1 and it was not until the last ten years of his life that ,millet received a little of the recognition and honor that he so richly deserved4 ,with his increasing fame came better financial conditions1 and in #ahfg he received the ribbon of the ,legion of ,honor4 ,questions about the artist4 ,who painted this picture8 ,in what country did he live8 ,tell about his mother and father4 ,who took care of ,millet when he was a boy8 ,what pictures did he copy8 ,where did he draw them8 ,with what did he draw8 ,who encouraged him8 ,what did the priest teach him8 ,tell about the picture of the old man leaning on the cane4 ,where did he draw this picture8 ,who saw it8 ,why do you think it must have been a good likeness8 ,how did ,millet's father feel about it8 ,what did he do8 ,how did they travel8 ,what did the artist think8 ,how long did ,millet study with him8 ,why did he return home8 ,what did his neighbors do for him8 ,what was he obliged to paint for a living8 ,where did he move8 ,what kind of pictures were the popular artists of that day painting8 ,why were ,millet's pictures not popular8 ,when were his pictures appreciated8 ,why have his pictures outlived those of the popular artists of that time8 ,illustration ,,highland ,,shepherd',s ,,chief ,,mourner ,questions to arouse interest4 ,what do you see in this picture8 ,for whom is the dog grieving8 ,what makes you think the shepherd may have been an old man8 a religious man8 a lonely man8 ,is there anything in the picture that would suggest the country in which he lived8 ,what is there in the picture to suggest the time of the year8 the occupation of the man8 ,what kind of dog is this8 ,who painted the picture8 ,tell something about his life4 ,do you like this picture8 ,how does it make you feel8 ,original ,picture3 ,south ,kensington ,museum1 ,london4 ,artist3 ,sir ,edwin ,landseer 7l7andser74 ,birthplace3 ,london1 ,england4 ,dates3 ,born1 #ahjb2 died1 #ahgc4 ,the story of the picture4 ,here we are looking into the interior of a highland shepherd's hut4 ,our eyes are immediately attracted to the center of the room1 where we see the coffin of the shepherd covered with a blanket against which his dog keeps solitary watch4 ,a well-worn ,bible and a pair of glasses on the stool near by1 the hat1 the cane1 all suggest something of the life and age of the shepherd4 ,we are told that he was a very old man who had lived all his life among the hills of ,scotland4 ,for the last few years1 at least1 he had lived here alone except for the companionship of his faithful dog and his sheep4 ,the good old dog could tell you all about it4 ,how1 early in the morning1 he would go with his master to drive the sheep to the best grazing ground1 where all day long they guarded and watched them1 the man and the dog sharing their noonday lunch of coarse bread4 ,and why did they need to watch the sheep so carefully8 ,there were a great many eagles whose nests were high up in the giant oak trees or up in some rocky cliff far away1 and they came flying over the hills looking for food4 ,woe to the sheep if their master was not near to care for them1 for then an eagle would swoop down upon his choice and carry it away to his nest4 ,then1 too1 there may have been wild animals prowling about1 and the sheep must be protected from them4 ,the dog and his master also had to keep watch lest some lamb stray away from the flock and get lost4 ,in the evening the dog helped his master drive the sheep to shelter in the great sheds where they were kept safe all night4 ,then up the hill they would climb to their home1 where the shepherd prepared the simple evening meal for himself and his dog4 ,now what could they do after supper8 ,it was too far for the old man to go to the distant village1 and no one was likely to come in to see them4 ,no doubt1 too1 he was very tired1 and ready to go to bed very early4 ,you know how sleepy you are after you have been out in the fields all day long4 ,but first he read a little in his ,bible2 and when the dog saw his master take up the book and put on his spectacles1 he probably stretched out on the floor and kept very still4 ,as time went on1 the old man became more feeble and the dog worked all the harder to save his master's strength4 ,it may be that toward the last the dog did almost all the work of caring for the sheep4 ,then1 one morning1 the old shepherd did not wake up4 ,even the tugging and sharp barks of his faithful friend failed to arouse him4 ,it may be that the dog's barks brought some passing drovers to the door4 ,in the picture the dog presses close to the coffin4 ,his clinging paws have dragged the blanket to the floor4 ,his eyes seem full of tears of hopeless grief1 as if he understood his master could not come back4 ,he must have kept that same rigid and sorrowful position since the men left4 ,some green branches placed upon the coffin have fallen to the floor because of the dog's first frantic tugging at the blanket4 ,the shepherd must have led a lonely life indeed to have no one but his faithful dog to watch beside him4 ,his hat and cane lie where he left them1 and all is very quiet4 ,in another picture ,landseer painted a dog lying on the ground over the grave where his master lies buried4 ,we can easily imagine that this dog will follow his master to his last resting place and that he1 too1 will act as sentinel over the grave of the one he loves so dearly4 ,landseer wanted to make us feel how good and faithful a friend a dog is4 ,questions to help the pupil understand the picture4 ,whose home was this8 ,in what country did he live8 ,tell about his life among the hills4 ,who helped him care for the sheep8 ,why must they be cared for8 ,where did they stay at night8 ,what could the old man do in the evening8 ,when he became feeble1 who did nearly all the work of caring for the sheep8 ,when the master did not wake up what did the dog probably do8 ,why have the branches fallen from the coffin8 ,why do you suppose there is no one else in the room8 ,the story of the artist4 ,sir ,edwin ,landseer's grandfather was a jeweler and his father also learned that trade4 ,the jewelers of that day were very often asked to engrave the copper plates that were used in printing pictures4 ,sir ,edwin's father soon decided that he would rather engrave pictures than sell jewels1 and he became a very skillful engraver4 ,at that time few people realized what an art it was to be able to cut a picture in copper so that a great many copies of it could be made from one plate4 ,they did not even consider it an art as we do1 and so engravers were not allowed to exhibit at the ,royal ,academy and were given no honors at all4 ,edwin's father thought this was not right1 and gave several lectures in defense of the art4 ,he said that engraving is a kind of sculpture performed by incision4 ,his talks were of no avail at the time1 but within a year after his death the engravers received the recognition due them4 ,his eldest son1 ,thomas1 also became famous as an engraver1 and to him we are indebted for so many fine prints of ,sir ,edwin ,landseer's paintings4 ,thomas also made an engraving of the ,horse ,fair for ,rosa ,bonheur4 ,few can afford to own the paintings1 but the prints come within the means of all of us4 ,edwin's father taught him to draw1 and even when ,edwin was only five years old he could draw remarkably well4 ,edwin had three sisters and two brothers4 ,they lived in the country1 and often the father went with his children for a walk through the fields4 ,there were two very large fields separated by a fence over which was built an old-fashioned stile with several steps4 ,the fence was built high so the sheep and cows in the fields could not jump over4 ,one day ,edwin stopped at the stile to look at the cows and asked his father to show him how to draw them4 ,his father then gave ,edwin his first lesson in drawing a cow4 ,after this ,edwin came nearly every day to these fields and his father called them ,edwin's studio4 ,when he was only thirteen years old1 two of his pictures were exhibited at the ,royal ,academy4 ,one was a portrait of a mule1 and the other was of a dog and puppies4 ,edwin painted from real life always1 not caring to make copies from the work of others4 ,all the sketches he made when he was a little boy were kept carefully by his father1 and now if you go to ,england you may see them in the ,south ,kensington ,museum in ,london4 ,landseer was only sixteen years old when he exhibited his wonderful picture ,fighting ,dogs ,getting ,wind4 ,a very rich man whose praise meant a great deal bought the picture1 and the young artist's success was assured4 ,it was about this time1 too1 that he painted an old white horse in the stable of another wealthy man4 ,after the picture was finished and ready to deliver1 it suddenly disappeared4 ,a diligent search was made for it1 but it was not found until twenty-four years afterwards4 ,a servant had stolen it and hidden it in a hayloft4 ,he had been afraid to sell it or even to keep it in his home1 for no one would have failed to recognize the great artist's work4 ,for many years ,landseer lived and painted in his father's house in a poor little room without even a carpet4 ,the only furniture1 we are told1 were three cheap chairs and an easel4 ,later he had a fine studio not far from ,regent's ,park4 ,here was a small house with a garden and a barn4 ,the barn was made over into a studio4 ,here so many people brought their pets for him to paint that he had to keep a list1 and each was obliged to wait his turn4 ,but ,sir ,edwin was not a very good business man1 so he left all his affairs to his father1 who sold his pictures for him and kept his accounts4 ,landseer made a special study of lions1 too4 ,a lion died at the park menagerie and he dissected its body and studied and drew every part4 ,he painted many pictures of lions4 ,he also modeled the great lions at the base of the ,nelson ,monument in ,trafalgar ,square1 ,london4 ,although ,landseer painted so many wild animals1 birds1 and hunting scenes1 he did not care to shoot animals4 ,his weapons were his pencil and sketch book4 ,sometimes he hired guides to take him into the wildest parts of the country in search of game4 ,but he quite disgusted the guides when1 a great deer bounding toward him1 he would merely make a sketch of it in his book4 ,many of ,landseer's paintings are of scenes in ,scotland1 as is this one1 ,highland ,shepherd's ,chief ,mourner4 ,when ,sir ,edwin ,landseer went to visit ,scotland one of his fellow travelers was ,sir ,walter ,scott1 the great novelist4 ,the two became close friends4 ,sir ,walter ,scott tells us3 ,landseer's dogs were the most magnificent things ,i ever saw1 leaping and bounding and grinning all over the canvas4 ,landseer painted ,sir ,walter ,scott's dog ,maida ,vale many times1 and he named his studio for the dog4 ,at twenty-four ,landseer became an associate of the ,royal ,academy1 which was an unusual honor for so young a man4 ,in #ahej the honor of knighthood was conferred upon him4 ,this story is told of him at a social gathering in the home of a well-known leader of society in ,london4 ,the company had been talking about skill with the hands1 when some one remarked that no one had ever been found who could draw two things at once4 ,oh1 ,i can do that1 said ,landseer2 lend me two pencils and ,i will show you4 ,quickly he drew the head of a horse with one hand while with the other he drew a stag's head and antlers4 ,both sketches were so good that they might well have been drawn with the same hand and with much more study4 ,sir ,edwin ,landseer felt that animals understand1 feel1 and reason just like people1 so he painted them as happy1 sad1 gay1 dignified1 frivolous1 rich1 poor1 and in all ways just like human beings4 ,this appealed to the people1 and he became very popular4 ,sir ,edwin did and said all he could against the custom of cropping the ears of dogs4 ,he said that nature intended to protect the ears of dogs that dig in the dirt1 and man should not interfere4 ,people paid attention to what he said1 and the custom lost favor4 ,landseer died in ,london in #ahgc at the age of seventy-one4 ,a tablet placed to his memory in the notch of one of the windows at ,westminster ,abbey has a medallion portrait of him at the top1 and below this1 carved in light relief1 is a copy of one of his most famous paintings1 ,the ,highland ,shepherd's ,chief ,mourner4 ,questions about the artist4 ,tell about ,sir ,edwin ,landseer's father4 ,what did he do8 ,why were engravers not allowed to exhibit their work8 ,what did ,edwin's father do to defend his art8 ,what did ,edwin's brother1 ,thomas1 accomplish8 ,why are we so indebted to him8 ,who taught ,edwin how to draw8 ,tell about his brothers and their walks in the fields4 ,what animal did ,edwin draw first8 ,where was ,edwin's studio8 ,which two of his pictures were exhibited when he was only thirteen years old8 ,what became of the sketches he made when he was a boy8 ,tell about his two studios4 ,tell about his picture of the old white horse4 ,with whom did ,sir ,edwin ,landseer travel through ,scotland8 ,what did ,sir ,walter ,scott say about ,landseer's dogs8 ,how did ,landseer happen to name his studio ,maida ,vale8 ,what weapons did ,sir ,edwin use when he hunted8 ,why did he not shoot the animals8 ,tell about his drawing with both hands4 ,in what ways are animals like people according to ,landseer's judgment8 ,illustration ,,children ,,of ,,the ,,shell ,questions to arouse interest4 ,where do these children seem to be8 ,which of the two children seems to be the older8 ,what is the boy at the right doing8 ,from what is he drinking8 ,why do you think the boy at the left has given him a drink8 ,how is he helping him now8 ,what does the boy who is drinking hold in his left hand8 ,how is he standing8 ,what is the lamb doing8 ,who else seems to be watching them8 ,why do you think the picture is called ,children of the ,shell8 ,do you like this picture8 why8 ,original ,picture3 ,prado ,gallery1 ,madrid1 ,spain4 ,artist3 ,bartolom ,esteban ,murillo 7moo relyo74 ,birthplace3 ,seville1 ,spain4 ,dates3 ,born1 #afah2 died1 #afhb4 ,the story of the picture4 ,the great religious painter1 ,murillo1 has given us many pictures of the ,christ child and ,john the ,baptist1 but perhaps none more pleasing than this one which critics have so often declared the most beautiful picture of children ever painted4 ,we must go back in our ,bible history to the time when the wicked ,king ,herod reigned over ,judea1 for it was then that our story begins4 ,this proud king had conquered all his enemies and expected to live at ease in his rich and beautiful palace1 surrounded by all that would give him comfort and pleasure4 ,but one day he was made very unhappy when a messenger appeared bringing him most unwelcome news4 ,it was that a child had been born in ,bethlehem at just the time and place it had been prophesied that a child should be born who would one day be king over all the world4 ,in a manger of a stable1 true to the prophecy1 the baby ,jesus was born4 ,the three wise men of the ,east and many others who already worshiped him as king sought and found him there4 ,the thought that the child would grow up to rule over his kingdom alarmed ,king ,herod1 and he resolved to remove this possible rival before it was too late4 ,fearful lest the child should escape1 ,herod sent out a terrible decree that all boy babies under two years of age should be killed4 ,that must have been a dreadful day1 for there was little hope of escape or concealment4 ,however1 ,mary and ,joseph had been warned by an angel several days before1 and with the child ,jesus they were already safe on their way to ,egypt4 ,they had left in the night1 and no one could tell anything about them1 or where to look for them4 ,several years later ,king ,herod died1 and almost immediately ,mary1 ,joseph1 and the boy ,jesus started on the homeward journey4 ,it was during this journey1 we are told1 that the boy1 running on ahead of the donkey ,mary was riding1 found a cool little spring where he could quench his thirst4 ,suddenly there appeared another boy wearing a camel's-hair cloak and carrying a wooden stick with a cross carved upon it4 ,he was followed by a lamb4 ,it was ,john the ,baptist1 who1 although only a child1 was living among the hills1 eating locusts and wild honey1 preparing for the great work he was to do4 ,it is supposed that as the mothers of these two boys often visited each other1 the children must have met before4 ,in the picture we see them standing near the cool little spring4 ,jesus has in his hand a shell which1 straightway forgetting his own thirst1 he has filled and now offers to his cousin ,john4 ,john the ,baptist is bending over to drink from the shell which ,jesus holds for him4 ,the lamb watches them contentedly1 while from the sky above the angels1 with clasped hands and smiling faces1 look down in silent adoration4 ,although he does not look at them1 ,jesus seems conscious of their presence1 for he points toward them with his little hand4 ,light radiates from the clouds and the angels1 while deep shadows at the left and the right serve to heighten the effectiveness of the central part of the picture4 ,the lamb1 as the symbol of innocence1 is the natural playmate of these two healthy1 sturdy boys4 ,the little ,john drinks eagerly1 as if he were indeed thirsty and weary1 while ,jesus1 although younger in years1 has the kind and thoughtful look of an elder brother caring for a younger4 ,at this moment they seem to be merely two thirsty boys1 little knowing the great work before them or thinking of anything but to quench their thirst4 ,yet some of the coming greatness shows itself in the generous action of the child ,jesus and the gentle acceptance of ,john the ,baptist4 ,questions to help the pupil understand the picture4 ,whom does this picture represent8 ,for what kind of paintings is ,murillo famous8 what subjects8 ,tell about ,king ,herod4 ,why was he worried when he heard of the birth of ,jesus8 ,what did he do in order to be sure the child would be killed8 ,what did the parents of the baby ,jesus do8 ,when was it safe for the boy ,jesus to return8 ,how did he happen to meet ,john at the spring8 ,how was ,john dressed8 ,what followed him8 ,for what does the lamb stand8 ,who has the shell8 ,what does he do with it8 ,why do you suppose he did not drink first8 ,to whom does ,jesus point or beckon with his left hand8 ,which boy was the younger8 ,for what is this picture famous8 ,the story of the artist4 ,a little ,spanish boy1 ,bartolom ,esteban ,murillo1 born into the home of a poor mechanic1 and with no opportunities save those of his own making1 grew to be one of the greatest of ,spanish painters4 ,both his parents died before he was eleven years old1 and he seems to have been left quite to his own devices4 ,until that time he had attended school1 where his ability to draw had shown itself in pictures drawn on the walls of the school building4 ,after school and on ,saturdays he had assisted an artist1 doing such work as cleaning brushes1 grinding paints1 and running errands4 ,an uncle had secured this position for him1 but seemed to be unable to help him further4 ,by these means and by painting banners and pictures for the weekly market1 the boy earned his own living4 ,the peasants came to ,seville from all the country around1 bringing in their fruits1 vegetables1 and wares to sell4 ,here the young ,murillo took his paintings1 which were on coarse1 cheap cloth instead of on canvas1 which he could not afford4 ,sometimes it was a ,madonna1 sometimes a portrait of the buyer which he would finish quickly while the crowd watched1 or sometimes one of the beggar boys in the gypsy quarters of the city4 ,but ,murillo had a boy friend who went to ,london to study with the great ,sir ,anthony ,van ,dyck1 and who1 when he returned1 brought such news of the wonderful paintings in the galleries of ,london and ,paris that ,murillo began to dream of seeing them4 ,before he had saved enough money to go1 however1 the artist ,van ,dyck died1 and ,murillo decided to go to ,madrid1 where one of his own countrymen1 ,velsquez1 had won great fame4 ,he walked nearly all the way1 presenting his letter of introduction to ,velsquez1 who received him most kindly4 ,murillo was now twenty-four years old1 enthusiastic1 ambitious1 and manly4 ,velsquez soon discovered his great talent1 and not only received him as a pupil but took him into his own home1 where he remained three years4 ,when1 at the end of that time1 he returned to ,seville1 his fame as an artist was established and pupils came to him from all over the country4 ,his friends could be found among the very poorest beggars as well as among the most influential men of the city1 and he was idolized by his pupils4 ,always of a deeply religious nature1 he chose religious subjects for most of his paintings4 ,in his studio all swearing and ill conduct were forbidden1 and his religious paintings were produced only after much prayerful meditation4 ,he gave so generously to the poor about him that it was said he gave away all he earned4 ,often his wife1 who was very beautiful1 his lovely daughter1 or his two handsome sons posed for his paintings1 and so we find the same faces repeated in several pictures4 ,one day when ,murillo was painting on the walls of a convent the cook there asked him to paint a small picture for him on a napkin1 which was all he had to offer for a canvas4 ,without hesitation ,murillo painted a beautiful ,madonna and ,child which has since become famous as the ,virgin of the ,napkin4 ,while painting the ceiling in a church in ,cadiz the scaffolding broke and he fell1 injuring himself so seriously that he died shortly after4 ,every ,sunday afternoon1 which is a free day at the gallery in ,madrid1 crowds of the poor1 men1 women1 and children1 may be seen gathered around the paintings by ,murillo1 which they regard with an admiration which is almost worship4 ,to them ,murillo is little less than a saint4 ,questions about the artist4 ,in what country did ,murillo live8 ,what nationality do his pictures represent8 ,tell about his boyhood4 ,in what did he excel at school8 ,what work did he do after school and on ,saturdays8 ,what else did ,murillo do to earn money8 ,tell about the weekly market4 ,what did ,murillo paint for the market8 ,whom did he paint8 ,what did his boy friend tell him that made him want to go to ,london8 ,why did he not go8 ,what happened before he had saved enough money to go8 ,to whom did he go then8 ,how did he go8 ,how old was he by that time8 ,what did the artist ,velsquez do for him8 ,what kind of people were ,murillo's friends8 ,what kind of pictures did he like to paint best8 ,how did he prepare for this8 ,what rules did he have in his studio8 ,tell about the cook at the convent and the napkin4 ,what is this picture called8 ,how was ,murillo hurt8 ,how do some of the ,spanish people regard ,murillo8 ,illustration ,,saved ,questions to arouse interest4 ,what has happened8 ,where are the dog and the child8 ,why do you think it could not have been a shipwreck8 ,why are the sea gulls flying around8 ,what can you see in the distance8 ,what kind of a beach is it8 ,artist3 ,sir ,edwin ,landseer 7l7andser74 ,birthplace3 ,london1 ,england4 ,dates3 ,born1 #ahjb2 died1 #ahgc4 ,the story of the picture4 ,this fine ,newfoundland dog has just saved the life of a little child4 ,we can see even in this print of the picture that they are both dripping wet1 and so we know the child must have fallen into the water and was about to drown when the dog swam out and brought her safely to the shore4 ,we can only guess how the accident occurred4 ,it could not have been a shipwreck1 for then there would be others for the good old dog to save2 besides1 although the sky is partly cloudy1 there is no evidence of a storm1 and we see sailboats in the distance4 ,the child evidently had not been wading out into the water and gone beyond her depth1 because she has on her shoes and stockings and is dressed for a day in the warm sunshine1 perhaps out on the beach4 ,probably she had been playing on the wharf or on the rocky shore and had reached out too far or had slipped on a rock4 ,the dog1 hearing her cry1 must have immediately plunged into the water after her4 ,then holding the child firmly by her dress1 he had battled against the waves until he reached a sandy beach from which he had dragged himself to this place4 ,although we cannot see the parents1 nurse1 or playmates1 no doubt they are running toward the child and the dog4 ,the dog seems to be watching their approach as he lies there exhausted1 guarding the precious burden lying across his paws4 ,his great tongue hangs out and we can almost hear him pant as he gasps for breath after his fierce struggle against the waves4 ,the child is still unconscious1 her large shade hat held by a rubber band under her chin2 her arm lies limp and lifeless1 yet we are sure the great dog has been in time1 and she will soon open her eyes4 ,the sea gulls circle about the two as if they were glad of the rescue1 and were trying to show the parents where to find the child4 ,these powerful ,newfoundland dogs are strong swimmers4 ,at the first cry of alarm they usually plunge unbidden into the water1 and rarely fail to accomplish a rescue4 ,in ,france they are kept on the banks of the ,seine as important members of the life-saving crew4 ,here they are carefully trained for this purpose by their masters1 who throw a stuffed figure of a man into the water and teach the dogs to bring it back to shore4 ,they are taught always to hold the head of the figure above the water4 ,they seem to understand perfectly just what is wanted of them and why4 ,a story is told1 and it is claimed to be true1 of a woman who1 while washing clothes on the bank of a river1 placed her baby in the clothes basket to keep it safe4 ,in some way the child tipped the basket1 rolling out of it and down the bank into the deep water below4 ,the woman screamed but she was helpless4 ,hearing her cry1 a large ,newfoundland dog that she had never seen before came swimming down the stream and saved the child1 carrying it to the opposite shore4 ,the woman ran down the bank of the river and secured the help of a ferryman and his grandson1 a boy about ten years old4 ,when the boat reached the opposite shore the big dog was licking the hands and face of the cooing child1 but growled and barked viciously at the people who were approaching him4 ,no one dared go near him4 ,they tried every device1 but no1 he could not be coaxed away from the baby4 ,at last the boy said he had an idea1 and off he ran down the bank and jumped into the boat4 ,rowing out some distance into the river1 he suddenly jumped from the boat into the water1 uttering a loud cry of distress4 ,he struggled a while1 and then to all appearances sank out of sight4 ,the grandfather knew the boy could swim and dive1 and yet the suddenness with which he sank alarmed him greatly1 and he called out1 too4 ,immediately the great dog recognized the cry of alarm and1 forgetting all else1 left his small charge and rushed to the help of the larger one1 bringing the boy safely to the shore4 ,meanwhile1 of course1 the mother had taken up the baby4 ,the dog1 though showing surprise at the quick recovery of the boy he supposed to be nearly drowned1 still determined to guard him in the same way he had guarded the baby4 ,about this time1 however1 the dog's owner1 a huntsman1 appeared4 ,the dog greeted him joyously1 running from the child to the boy and then to his master as if to tell him what he had done and how he had guarded them until his master came4 ,many times it has been told of a ,newfoundland that1 when annoyed by some small dog that persisted in barking and snapping at him1 he would finally seize it by the back of the neck1 carry it to the river1 and drop it into the water4 ,after watching the struggles of the little dog1 which seldom was able to swim1 the ,newfoundland would plunge in and rescue him4 ,after that you may be sure the little dog took care not to annoy the big one4 ,a humorous incident is told of two boatmen who1 on a wager1 started to swim across a stream4 ,when one of the men was in midstream his ,newfoundland dog plunged in after him and in spite of his struggles brought him back to the shore by his hair4 ,the crowd which had been watching was greatly amused1 but the chagrined sailor was able to laugh in turn when the great animal1 mistaking the emotion of the onlookers1 brought the other man back also4 ,a lady who owned a fine ,newfoundland dog allowed him one day to carry her parasol4 ,when they came to a baker's shop she bought a bun for him4 ,the next day the dog met another lady coming down the street carrying a parasol4 ,he immediately seized it and ran on ahead until he came to the baker's shop4 ,the lady went in and asked the baker to help her secure her parasol4 ,he suggested that she give the dog a bun as his mistress had done4 ,then the dog gave up the parasol willingly4 ,he had to be punished very severely before he could be broken of this habit4 ,cases have been known of these dogs rescuing even so delicate a thing as a canary bird that had fallen into the water4 ,intelligent and faithful1 perhaps there is no other dog1 unless it be the ,st4 ,bernard1 which rescues travelers in the snow-covered ,alps1 that has done so much for man or has saved so many lives4 ,these dogs show remarkable kindness not only toward man but toward other animals4 ,when another dog has been injured they have been known to carry bones and other food to it4 ,a ,newfoundland was once taken to a dog pound with numerous other dogs4 ,he soon gnawed his rope in two and was about to escape when1 hearing the piteous cries of the other dogs1 he went from one to another1 setting them all free4 ,even abuse will not make these loyal animals turn against a master1 although they have been known to run away from a cruel one4 ,a story is told of a man who1 while rowing a boat1 pushed his ,newfoundland dog into the stream4 ,the dog followed the boat for some time but1 growing tired at last1 tried to get back into the boat4 ,the man pushed him away several times1 finally pushing so hard that he overturned the boat and was about to drown4 ,the good dog1 however1 caught hold of his coat and held him above water until help came4 ,in the island of ,newfoundland these dogs are used much as we use horses1 and are very valuable4 ,with them duty is first4 ,we often hear of one of these dogs carrying a basket of meat1 a paper1 or some other thing for his owner1 and bearing any amount of annoyance from other dogs until he has delivered his charge safely2 then he promptly goes back and punishes the offenders in such a way that they dare not interfere with him again4 ,these dogs are noble animals indeed4 ,their lives are devoted to man1 though their devotion is not always appreciated as it should be4 ,lord ,byron writes3 ,in life the firmest friend1 ,the first to welcome1 foremost to defend2 ,whose honest heart is still his master's own2 ,who labors1 fights1 lives1 breathes for him alone4 ,the rich man's guardian1 and the poor man's friend4 ,no wonder ,sir ,edwin ,landseer loved to paint these noble animals4 ,their intelligent look and1 better still1 their brave and noble deeds render them almost human1 lacking only the power of speech4 ,it seems sometimes as if they really do talk1 and the owners of such dogs declare that their actions prove that the dogs understand every word said to them4 ,sir ,edwin ,landseer has painted another picture of a ,newfoundland dog1 called ,a ,member of the ,royal ,humane ,society1 which looks so much like this one that it might be the same dog4 ,questions to help the pupil understand the picture4 ,what kind of a dog is this8 ,what has he done8 ,what makes you think he and the little girl have been in the water8 that there has not been a shipwreck8 ,why do you think the child had not been wading8 ,how is she dressed8 ,how do you suppose she happened to fall into the water8 ,how could this dog save her8 ,where do you suppose the child's playmates and nurse are8 ,where is the dog lying8 ,why does he not take the child to them8 ,what makes you think he is tired8 ,how are ,newfoundland dogs sometimes trained in ,france8 ,tell about the washwoman and her baby4 ,how was the baby rescued8 ,why could the mother not take the child8 ,what did the boy do8 ,what happened then8 ,when were they released8 ,how do ,newfoundland dogs sometimes punish small dogs that annoy them8 ,why do they not drown8 ,tell about the two boatmen and their wager4 ,tell about the dog and the lady's parasol4 ,what do these stories tell us about ,newfoundland dogs8 ,what other kind of dogs save many lives8 ,what did the ,newfoundland do at the dog pound8 ,how do they sometimes resent abuse8 ,tell about the boatman and his dog4 ,upon what island are they used to carry burdens8 ,tell a story showing that duty comes first with these dogs4 ,what other picture of this dog has ,sir ,edwin ,landseer painted8 ,why do you think he was especially fond of ,newfoundland dogs8 ,to the ,teacher3 ,short stories of the bravery and faithfulness of dogs may take the place of other talks on kindness to animals4 ,,subjects ,,for ,,compositions ,a ,description of a ,newfoundland ,dog4 ,how a ,dog ,saved a ,child from ,drowning4 ,the ,smartest ,dog ,i ,ever ,saw4 ,the ,bravest ,dog ,i ,ever ,heard of4 ,a ,description of a ,st4 ,bernard ,dog4 ,how to ,treat a ,dog4 ,why ,we ,should ,be ,kind to ,dogs4 ,the story of the artist4 ,when ,edwin ,landseer was a small boy he lived in the country4 ,nearly every day at breakfast the father would ask his boys1 ,what shall we draw to-day8 ,the three boys would take turns choosing and sometimes they would vote on it4 ,then out across the fields the father and his boys would tramp until they came to where the donkeys1 sheep1 goats1 and cows were grazing4 ,each would choose the animal he wished to draw2 then the four would sit down on the grass and make their sketches4 ,edwin's first choice for a subject was a cow1 and his father helped him draw it4 ,when he was five years old he drew a picture of a dog asleep on the floor that was very much better than any his older brothers could do1 and so even then they began to expect much from him4 ,at this time ,edwin had three dogs of his own named ,brutus1 ,vixen1 and ,boxer4 ,they were always with him1 and so intelligent they almost seemed to speak4 ,in their back yard the children had several pens for pet rabbits and they kept pigeons in the attic of their house4 ,the story is told of how ,mr4 ,landseer once decided to move1 selected the house1 and thought all was settled1 when the landlord refused to rent the house to him because he kept so many animals and birds as pets4 ,we read of how the father and his sons made many visits to the ,zological ,gardens where they could watch and make sketches of lions1 bears1 and other wild animals4 ,one day they saw a strange sight in one of the store windows in ,london--a large ,newfoundland dog caring for a lion4 ,the lion had been caught in ,africa when it was very little and had been cared for by this dog4 ,they had never been separated4 ,now1 although the lion was much larger than the dog1 they were still the best of friends4 ,sometimes the dog would punish the lion if it did not behave1 and the great beast would whimper just as if it could not help itself4 ,all three boys made many sketches of this strange pair and could hardly be persuaded to leave the window4 ,every one knew of ,sir ,edwin ,landseer and wanted some one of his pictures of dogs because it looked so much like a dog they knew4 ,in the story of the picture ,highland ,shepherd's ,chief ,mourner1 are further particulars of the life of ,sir ,edwin ,landseer4 ,questions about the artist4 ,what other picture have we studied by this artist8 ,tell about ,sir ,edwin ,landseer's boyhood4 ,how did the brothers decide where to go to sketch8 ,how old was ,edwin when he drew a very good picture of a dog8 ,what was the dog doing8 ,tell about ,edwin's dogs2 the other pets4 ,why did the landlord refuse to rent ,edwin's father a house8 ,tell about the ,newfoundland dog and the lion4 ,what else can you tell about the artist's life8 ,illustration ,,pilgrim ,,exiles ,questions to arouse interest4 ,describe this picture4 ,where are these people8 ,who are they8 ,who were the ,pilgrims8 ,where are they looking8 ,why do you think they may be homesick or sad8 ,what time of day do you think it is8 7,notice the shadows47 ,what time of year does it seem to be8 ,how is the man dressed8 the two women8 ,what relation do you think these people are to each other8 ,upon what is the older woman sitting8 ,what can you see in the distant background8 ,artist3 ,george ,henry ,boughton 7bt4on74 ,birthplace3 ,norwich1 ,england4 ,dates3 ,born1 #ahcc2 died1 #aije4 ,the story of the picture4 ,we all know how1 long ago1 that sturdy band of one hundred and two ,puritans left ,england in the small and storm-beaten ship called the ,mayflower4 ,they were called ,puritans because they were dissatisfied with the religion of the ,church of ,england1 and demanded purification of all the old observances and doctrines4 ,when they began to establish in ,england separate churches of their own1 they were driven from place to place4 ,they longed for a land where they could worship ,god in their own way1 so they came to ,america1 determined to endure every danger and to trust in ,god to care for them4 ,their wanderings from place to place had given them a new name1 ,pilgrim1 which means wanderer4 ,then1 ever since their landing on the rock at ,plymouth1 they have been called ,pilgrim ,fathers4 ,there were many women and children in this band of wanderers4 ,on the journey a little baby was born and was called ,oceanus after the great rolling ocean4 ,the ,pilgrims endured many hardships in those first few years1 and none more distressing than the frequent attacks by the ,indians1 who resented the strangers' presence in a land which belonged to them4 ,the ,pilgrims carried their guns with them even when they went to church1 for they never knew just when they might be attacked4 ,they arrived in the fall of the year1 too late to plant grain or to put by enough provisions for the winter1 so they were quite dependent upon the provision boat from ,england4 ,often this boat was long delayed because of storms at sea1 or because the people in ,england did not send it on time4 ,this caused much suffering and distress4 ,in our picture we see three of the first settlers of our ,new ,england coast1 waiting for the provision ship4 ,the waves come rolling in to this rough and barren shore1 but as far as the eye can see there is yet no sign of the awaited boat4 ,on that point of land in the distance are a few rude houses which must be the homes of the ,pilgrims4 ,this dreary place1 so bleak and barren1 makes us wonder how they could ever hope to survive the perils of a winter there4 ,our interest is centered upon the three figures at the right in the picture4 ,one can almost read the thoughts expressed in the three faces4 ,the figure of the man stands out strong and erect1 and there is that in his fixed gaze which tells us his thoughts are far away4 ,no doubt he is thinking of his old home across the ocean4 ,he is homesick1 yet go back he would not2 there is no sign of discouragement4 ,his wife1 standing beside him1 places her hand on his shoulder to comfort him1 but she too looks as if she were thinking of that other home and the friends across the sea4 ,her gentle1 refined face is saddened for the moment1 yet in it we see expressed the fine courage which has carried her thus far along the way4 ,the mother1 seated on the great rock1 has the same thoughtful1 far-away gaze4 ,her hands1 clasped in her lap1 have more of resignation and patience in them4 ,probably her thoughts and affections are centered in the two dear ones beside her1 and in their welfare1 rather than in the friends across the sea4 ,notice the ,puritan dress1 cloaks1 shoes1 caps1 and collars4 ,these people are well dressed1 and do not seem to be poor4 ,perhaps they are simply longing to hear from their friends1 and hoping the ship will bring some news of them4 ,it may be that it has been due for several days1 and each day they have walked out to this same rocky point1 hoping to see it on the distant horizon4 ,they are dressed in warm clothes4 ,from that fact and from the half-bare branches of the bush that we see growing beside the rock in the foreground of the picture we should judge it to be the fall of the year4 ,standing in the bright sunlight1 they look anxiously out toward the rolling ocean4 ,the length of the shadows makes us think it must be late in the afternoon4 ,when at last they catch a glimpse of the dark masts of the approaching ship they will send a glad shout along the shore1 and soon the beach will be crowded with an anxious throng of people hoping for some message or news from home4 ,at what seems to be a long distance from the shore the great ship will cast anchor and send out its rowboats filled with passengers1 mail1 and provisions4 ,how eagerly the homesick people will crowd around the new arrivals and welcome them6 ,our three friends will not be standing quiet and alone1 but each will be hurrying about to help the others4 ,the spirit of helpfulness was very strong in those days of hardship and toil4 ,notice the arrangement of lights and shadows in this picture4 ,our eye is first attracted to the faces of these three ,pilgrims1 then carried almost in a circle to the ocean1 the rocks at the left side of the picture1 to the rock the mother is seated upon1 and back to the three faces4 ,start where we please the play of light leads us back to the three faces brought out by the white collars4 ,suppose we start with the mother's hands1 our eyes follow her apron1 the man's shoes1 the light on the grass and ocean1 then to the man's face and on around4 ,without these echoes of light1 the picture would be unbalanced and much less interesting4 ,half close your eyes and study the picture4 ,there is not a single straight line in the composition4 ,notice the placing of the horizon line1 of the distant shore4 ,the artist started his landscape much as we do1 with a rectangular space divided into two parts by the horizon line4 ,he chose for his picture a small division for sky2 the larger space to be divided into less than half as much water as land4 ,instead of standing so the shore line would appear exactly horizontal1 he chose a position where the near shore line and that of the distant point of land are at an angle1 thus relieving the monotony4 ,the tall1 determined figure of the man1 and his gentle wife1 standing silhouetted against the sky1 hold the ground space and the sky space together1 while the mother seated on the rock serves as another connecting link4 ,all the figures serve to unite the different parts of the picture into an effect of unity most gratifying to the eye4 ,questions to help the pupil understand the picture4 ,tell about the ,puritans4 ,why were they so called8 ,why did they leave ,england8 ,in what boat did they sail8 ,to what country did they come8 ,why were they then called ,pilgrims8 ,why did they have such a hard time in this country8 ,upon what were they dependent8 ,why was the boat often delayed8 ,what are the three people in our picture waiting for8 ,what do the expressions in their faces tell us8 ,how can we tell what time of year it is8 the time of day8 ,what will they do when they see the boat8 ,who will join them8 ,where will they come from8 ,what can you see of their homes8 ,why are they so anxious to have the boat come8 ,why cannot the ship land at this beach8 ,how will it land its passengers and freight8 ,what do you suppose these three people will be doing then8 ,what can you say of the composition of this picture8 ,what did the artist consider first8 ,what holds the ground and the sky spaces together8 ,what can you say of the light and shade in this picture8 ,why is the picture called ,pilgrim ,exiles8 ,the story of the artist4 ,george ,henry ,boughton was born near ,norwich1 ,england1 but when he was only a year old his parents came to ,america4 ,he grew up and was educated at ,albany1 ,new ,york1 where he first began to paint4 ,as soon as he started to school he showed great skill at drawing1 by1 as he says1 drawing every mortal thing that came under my notice4 ,when he was nineteen years old he sold enough of his sketches to pay his way back to ,london1 ,england4 ,he spent several months in ,england1 sketching wherever he went4 ,when he came back to ,new ,york he painted a picture called ,winter ,twilight1 which marked the beginning of his success4 ,later he spent a year in ,paris1 finally making his permanent home in ,london4 ,his studio in ,new ,york ,city was given up1 but1 although he lived in ,england1 his art remained distinctly ,american4 ,he was especially interested in the history and literature of our country and has been called the interpreter and illuminator of ,new ,england life in the seventeenth century4 ,besides painting1 he wrote for magazines1 illustrating his own stories with great success4 ,questions about the artist4 ,tell about the artist4 ,where was he born8 ,where did he grow up8 ,how old was he when he came to ,america8 ,in what did he excel at school8 ,when did he go back to ,england8 ,how did he earn the money8 ,what did he do when he came back8 ,of what country did he paint the most pictures8 ,what part of our history interested him especially8 ,in what else was he successful besides painting8 ,illustration ,,dance ,,of ,,the ,,nymphs ,questions to arouse interest4 ,of what is this a picture8 ,what time of the year do you think it is8 what time of the day8 ,what are the people doing8 ,half close your eyes and look at the picture4 ,what do you see first8 what next8 ,where is the sun8 ,how do you know8 7,look at the trunks of the trees and the shadows47 ,what do you see in the foreground to the left8 to the right8 ,do you like this scene8 why8 ,original ,picture3 ,luxembourg ,gallery1 ,paris1 ,france4 ,artist3 ,jean ,baptiste ,camille ,corot 7koro74 ,birthplace3 ,paris1 ,france4 ,dates3 ,born1 #agif2 died1 #ahge4 ,the story of the picture4 ,the artist who painted this picture1 ,jean ,baptiste ,corot1 tells us that when he was a small boy he used to lean out of his window at night1 long after his mother and father thought him safe in bed1 to watch the clouds1 the sky1 and the trees4 ,he continued this study as a young man1 and soon made friends with three other young men1 all artists 7,rousseau1 ,daubigny1 and ,dupr7 who were also studying nature4 ,all had studios and painted in the city2 but they were always longing for a glimpse of the country4 ,one day the four started out together for a day's outing1 each taking his painter's outfit4 ,they went to the end of the omnibus line from ,paris and then started on foot for a long tramp across the country4 ,it was then they thought of the great ,forest of ,fontainebleau1 where nature was wild and undisturbed in its wondrous beauty4 ,we will go to that beautiful forest and spend our vacation there1 they said4 ,and so it came about several weeks later4 ,in this forest1 at all times of the day or night1 they could be found wandering about1 searching out new vistas and discovering new wonders and beauties in nature4 ,they hid their paints and brushes in the rocks to keep them from the dew1 and they themselves slept under the spreading branches of the great oak trees4 ,these city-bred young men1 brought up in the rush and hurry of the great city of ,paris1 cared for no other shelter than the wide expanse of sky and the protecting branches of the trees4 ,so when we know that later ,corot came to live near this ,forest of ,fontainebleau1 it is easy to guess where he painted this picture called the ,dance of the ,nymphs4 ,sometimes this picture is called ,morning1 for ,corot painted another picture much like this one1 and called it1 ,the ,dance of the ,nymphs1 ,evening4 ,corot is often spoken of as the happy one1 and many stories are told of him and how surprising it was to hear him singing lustily as he painted4 ,seated on his camp stool before his easel1 wearing his blue calico blouse and painter's hat1 he was indeed happy4 ,he is described as adding the finishing touches to one of his landscapes in this way3 ,let us put that there--tra1 la1 tra1 la1--a little boy1--ding dong1 ding dong6 ,oh1 a little boy1 he wants a cap--la1 la1 la1 la1 tra la6 ,people always smiled when they saw ,corot start out1 carrying his easel1 paints1 and brushes1 and singing or whistling like a care-free boy4 ,but it happened more often that they saw him going toward home in the evening1 for he had a way of starting out before sunrise when nobody was about and seating himself in some lovely spot in the woods1 waiting breathlessly to see what would happen next4 ,that is what he did the morning he sketched this picture4 ,the grass was heavy with dew1 the birds were still asleep1 all was quiet and covered with the veil of night4 ,as the mist slowly lifted1 the great trees gradually assumed definite shapes1 the birds awoke1 the sun shone forth1 and all was bright and fresh as the early mornings in spring always are4 ,look at this picture1 then close your eyes and open them slowly1 and you yourself can see just such an awakening to life4 ,is it any wonder then that1 as ,corot sat1 pencil in hand1 this lovely spring morning and watched the trees gradually take shape against the slowly lightening sky1 and listened to the birds singing their morning greeting1 he should fancy he saw the fairy wood nymphs come out from their secret hiding places and dance joyously about in the bright morning sunlight8 ,it seems most natural indeed that they should be there1 and dancing1 too4 ,the mere fact of being alive on such a morning as this fills us too with delight4 ,when ,corot began to paint his large picture from the small sketch he made in the woods that morning1 he must have sung his merriest tunes4 ,the picture seems full of music1 from the quivering leaves1 the waving grass1 and the shifting clouds to the dancing figures4 ,although there is not a bird in sight1 we know that they are there1 and it takes very little imagination to hear them singing4 ,at the right-hand side of the picture one of the wood nymphs has seized the hand of a timid companion1 urging her to come and join in the frolic4 ,so much are we in sympathy with those merry ones that we too find ourselves unconsciously urging her to join in the dance4 ,when he painted trees1 ,corot did not pay very great attention to details1 and so we cannot always tell what kind of trees they were4 ,he cared most to make us feel the beauty of the sunlight on their tender leaves1 their growth1 and the protection they offer to birds and men4 ,a young art student once approached ,corot and asked him why he left so many things out of his pictures and put others in4 ,then pointing to a certain tree in ,corot's painting he said1 ,this tree is not in the landscape4 ,corot smiled1 then whispered to him1 ,don't you tell1 but ,i put it there to please the birds4 ,it would be difficult indeed to find a single straight line in our picture1 so full is it of rhythmic curves1 from the treetops to the graceful figures in the foreground4 ,the skillful blending of colors1 of light and shade1 gives it that mysterious1 misty quality which is one of its chief charms4 ,corot's favorite colors were pale green1 gray browns1 and silvery grays4 ,one little touch of bright color in his pictures makes them alive4 ,the costumes of the nymphs were chosen for the very few bright touches in this painting1 and the tall1 slender tree near the left-hand side of the picture for the pale green feathery foliage of early spring4 ,our eye moves pleasantly through all the leafy maze of this enchanted forest4 ,we are at the edge of the woods4 ,looking out through the trees we see the wide1 open fields beyond1 with their high canopy of sky1 and we feel a new contentment steal over us as our eye again seeks this sheltered nook in the great ,forest of ,fontainebleau4 ,questions to help the pupil understand the picture4 ,how had the artist1 ,corot1 studied the clouds1 sky1 and trees8 ,with whom did he become friends8 ,what were these three young artists doing8 ,where did they go for an outing8 ,what did they take with them8 ,what forest did they decide would be a good place to spend a vacation8 ,how did they live in this forest8 ,what shelter did they have8 ,what nickname did they give ,corot8 ,how did he like to paint8 ,how did he dress8 ,what did he do while painting8 ,where was this picture painted8 ,what is it sometimes called8 ,what time of day did he usually start out to paint8 ,what are the nymphs doing8 ,what did ,corot wish to tell us about the trees8 ,what did a young art student once ask ,corot8 ,what was the answer8 ,of what kind of lines is this picture made up8 ,what colors were used8 ,where are the bright colors8 ,in what part of the forest is this picture8 ,what can you see through the open space8 ,the story of the artist4 ,from the very first all things seemed to favor ,corot4 ,of a naturally happy disposition1 born into a family of means1 and all his life free from financial worries1 everything seemed to combine to make his life one of care-free ease and pleasure4 ,his father and mother kept a millinery store2 this must have been a good business1 for they soon accumulated a comfortable fortune4 ,at ten years of age ,corot was sent away to school at ,rouen in the hope of making a business man of him4 ,he lived with a friend of his father who was a serious man but also a great lover of nature4 ,corot took many a long walk with him over narrow1 unfrequented paths4 ,they took these walks usually at the close of the day1 and so ,corot's love of the twilight hour grew strong4 ,upon his return to ,paris seven years later1 his father placed him in a drygoods store1 where he remained for nearly nine years4 ,whenever there were no customers the boy would hide under the counter and draw4 ,his employer was a good-natured man and he sympathized with ,corot in his desire to be a painter4 ,so he told the father it was of no use to try to make a business man of him as his tastes were all for art4 ,about this time ,corot went to his father and asked his permission to study painting4 ,the father was not at all pleased with the idea1 but decided to let him try4 ,he told his son he had set aside a certain sum of money to start him in business for himself and he could choose that or a small income which would be allowed him for the study of art4 ,if he chose the latter1 however1 he must not expect any other help from his father1 as he did not approve of this new venture4 ,but ,corot embraced his father most affectionately and declared he had made him the happiest person in the world4 ,he then proceeded at once to the nearest store and bought a complete painter's outfit4 ,choosing a spot by the river near his father's house1 he began to paint4 ,he tells us how the girls who worked in the millinery store slipped away and came to see what he was doing4 ,he never parted with this first painting1 but kept it as a reminder of his great happiness when he was at last free to do what he most desired in the world4 ,he studied under several artists1 but received little encouragement until he went to ,rome to study4 ,most of the paintings of that time were classical1 including ,greek temples1 shepherds1 nymphs1 or dryads1 and such trees as cedars and palms4 ,that is why ,millet's simple peasants and ,corot's misty landscapes were not appreciated4 ,at ,rome1 ,corot became a great favorite among the students because of his happy nature and the rollicking1 jolly songs he could sing4 ,but as for his pictures1--they were considered very amusing4 ,however1 one day as he sat sketching the ,coliseum a friend who was regarded as an authority on landscape painting praised his work4 ,corot looked around expecting to be laughed at1 but no1--the man was in earnest4 ,that evening1 before all the other students1 he remarked that ,corot might some day become the master of them all4 ,this gave him standing among the artists and was greatly appreciated by ,corot1 who always felt that this praise was the beginning of his success4 ,it was not long after this that his pictures were exhibited and many honors came to him4 ,does it seem strange that ,corot and ,millet1 looking upon the same woods and people1 living and painting so near each other1 should choose such different subjects8 ,corot saw the same poor1 toilworn peasants1 and he helped them most generously when they asked him1 but as for painting them--he did not think of it4 ,millet saw the same beautiful woods1 fields1 and sky1 and loved them all1 but to him the peasant came first4 ,he said1 ,corot's pictures are beautiful1 but they do not reveal anything new4 ,corot said1 ,millet's painting is for a new world2 ,i do not feel at home there4 ,i am too much attracted to the old4 ,i see therein great knowledge1 air1 and depth1 but it frightens me2 ,i love better my little music4 ,in speaking of another artist he said1 ,he is an eagle2 ,i am only a skylark4 ,i send forth little songs in my gray clouds4 ,as success came to ,corot he was most generous in helping others4 ,many young artists came to study with him1 but he would accept no pay for his instruction and gladly did all he could to encourage and help them4 ,he did not have the heart to turn a beggar from his door1 and often had as many as twenty-five come to him in a day4 ,the story is told of a beggar who demanded a larger sum of money than ,corot usually gave1 and was refused4 ,after he left1 the artist could not paint2 his day was spoiled4 ,so he hurriedly ran out after the beggar1 gave him the money1 and all was well again4 ,during the siege of ,paris he gave both time and money to help the wounded4 ,papa ,corot1 as the people called him1 was greatly beloved4 ,the demand for his paintings increased4 ,he said that when youth left him1 honor and fame came to make him still the happiest man in the world4 ,questions about the artist4 ,in what ways was ,corot favored8 ,what did his father and mother do8 ,what did they hope to make of ,corot8 ,where was he sent8 ,with whom did he live8 ,where did they walk8 ,how did this influence ,corot8 ,upon his return home1 what did he do8 ,what did his employer finally do8 ,what did ,corot ask his father8 ,what offer did his father make8 ,what did ,corot decide8 ,what did he do at once8 ,who came to watch him8 ,what became of this first painting8 ,where did ,corot go to study8 ,what subjects did most of the artists of ,corot's time choose to paint8 ,what happened that raised ,corot in their estimation8 ,compare the subjects chosen by ,corot and ,millet4 ,tell about ,corot and the beggar4 ,why did ,corot claim to be the happiest man in the world8 ,does this picture make you feel happy or sad8 why8 ,illustration3 ,,oxen ,,plowing ,,oxen ,,plowing ,questions to arouse interest4 ,how many of you have ever watched oxen plowing8 ,how are these oxen geared together8 ,how many oxen usually draw one plow8 ,why do you think they use so many in the field8 ,with what part of the body do the oxen pull the plow8 ,why is the earth plowed8 ,how can you tell that the soil these men are plowing is moist and fertile8 ,in what direction is the sun8 7,look at the shadows47 ,how is the driver urging the oxen on8 ,where is the farm house8 ,what do you consider most interesting about the oxen8 ,original ,picture3 ,luxembourg ,gallery1 ,paris1 ,france4 ,artist3 ,rosa ,bonheur 7bonr74 ,birthplace3 ,bordeaux1 ,france4 ,dates3 ,born1 #ahbb2 died1 #ahii4 ,the story of the picture4 ,it must have been very early in the morning indeed when these men and their oxen started to plow this great field1 for although the sun is still low in the sky1 each group of oxen has already plowed two furrows4 ,by those long shadows and the light in the sky we know the sun cannot be very high in the heavens1 and there is that about the ground1 the occupation1 and the distant trees that suggests the season1 spring4 ,we are told that ,rosa ,bonheur went out into the country to paint this picture1 and that she had a small shed made into a studio where she could keep her canvas and paints4 ,every evening when she came home her father would ask anxiously about the picture1 for he was not well enough to go to see it and he knew ,rosa was working very hard on it4 ,even her genius could not make it possible for her to paint such a picture as this without much preparation4 ,in fact1 she had been preparing for it for years1--as far back as when she made her first drawing of oxen1 and then later when she went to the packing houses and made separate studies of each part of an ox4 ,she knew just how those great muscles did their work1 and just how the curving ribs and the joints did their part4 ,in this picture she shows us just enough of their movements to make us feel the great strength and power of those patient animals4 ,our wonder grows anew that even one such powerful ox can be controlled by man's will4 ,it is plain to see that the ox nearest us1 of the middle pair1 does resent the prodding with the stick which the driver uses so vigorously4 ,his great eye rolls and he looks indignant1 but it is only for the moment--he accepts all with resignation and indifference1 knowing that it will be the turn of one of the other oxen next4 ,these oxen are geared together by a central pole which is fastened to their horns4 ,this causes them to take the entire weight of the plow with their horns instead of with their shoulders as our horses do4 ,it would seem to be a most uncomfortable arrangement1 yet they are used to it4 ,the leaders must be chosen very carefully if the farmer would have a straight furrow4 ,it seems as if these first two oxen in the picture feel the responsibility1 and are glad and willing to do their part4 ,there is a look of intelligence about them that makes us certain that they know and understand the worth of the thing they are doing4 ,oxen in our country are driven by the words gee1 meaning turn to the right1 and haw1 turn to the left4 ,however1 the drivers in this picture would not use these words1 for they are ,frenchmen1 and would speak to them in their own language4 ,it is easy to tell that the ground is soft by the way the feet of the oxen sink down into it1 and by the man's wooden shoe which has half slipped off his foot as he starts to lift it from the ground4 ,on this quiet1 peaceful morning we can almost hear the heavy tread of the oxen as they pass us1 and the harsh call of the drivers as they urge them on4 ,in imagination we can smell the freshly plowed earth4 ,to be sure1 it is a hard pull up the hill1 but how cheerfully1 even proudly1 the oxen pull their load6 ,look at their backs2 you will see a slanting line which emphasizes the fact that they are climbing a hill4 ,this line is broken somewhat by the slant of the woods in the distance4 ,cover up these distant woods with the hand or a piece of paper and we immediately have the uncomfortable feeling that the oxen are going to slip back out of the picture4 ,in this picture the artist has portrayed the intelligent use man makes of the power and strength of animals and of the soil4 ,we see so few oxen now that we wonder why they were so much used in those days2 but of course we know it was because the farmers did not have the machinery for tilling the ground1 sowing1 and planting grain that we have4 ,horses were used also1 but oxen were cheaper1 so all could afford them4 ,then1 too1 oxen may have been chosen because of their superior strength1 steadiness1 and patience4 ,the artist has centered our attention on the nearest of the two first pairs of oxen4 ,the other oxen and driver are of secondary importance and the landscape itself last of all4 ,the artist has accomplished this by color1 light1 and shade1 and by a more careful treatment of the nearest oxen1 showing plainly their intelligent eyes1 wrinkled hides1 and even the play of muscles as they step forward1 pulling their heavy load4 ,rosa ,bonheur finished this painting only a short time before her father died4 ,as soon as he saw it he knew that his daughter had painted a masterpiece1 and almost his last words were in praise of her work4 ,questions to help the pupil understand the picture4 ,why do you think these men and oxen must have started to work very early8 ,why do you think it is still early8 ,what time of year do you think it is8 why8 ,where did ,rosa ,bonheur paint this picture8 ,where did she keep her canvas and paints8 ,what preparation did she make before painting the picture8 ,what is the driver doing8 ,in what humor does the nearest ox seem to be8 ,how are the oxen geared together8 ,why must they have good leaders8 ,how are oxen driven8 ,why do you think these drivers would not use the same words that we should8 ,how can you tell that the ground is soft8 ,do you think the oxen are pulling hard8 ,why did they use oxen so much in those days8 ,what are used now8 ,upon which of the oxen has the artist centered our attention8 ,what is next in importance8 last of all8 ,how has the artist done this8 ,what did ,rosa ,bonheur's father think of this picture8 ,to the ,teacher3 ,,subjects ,,for ,,compositions ,the ,picture and ,what ,it ,represents4 ,how ,this ,picture ,was ,painted4 ,what ,i ,would ,consider ,most ,important in a ,picture4 ,why ,i ,like ,this ,picture4 ,rosa ,bonheur as a ,little ,girl4 ,rosa ,bonheur as an ,artist4 ,the story of the artist4 ,marie ,rosalie ,bonheur spent the first ten years of her life in a little country town4 ,it was almost as good as living in the country1 for ,rosa and her two brothers spent most of their time in the woods or fields4 ,at home they had lambs1 rabbits1 and squirrels for pets4 ,the father was an artist1 and since he could not sell many pictures in such a little village he decided to move to the great city of ,paris4 ,the children liked the gay city with its many surprises1 but they missed the woods and their pets4 ,the first place in which they lived was up several flights of stairs and across the street from a butcher's shop4 ,this shop had a queer sign4 ,it was a wild boar roughly carved out of wood1 but it looked so much like the little pet pig ,rosa had in the country that she used to stop and pet it every time she passed that way4 ,a man who lived in the same house with the ,bonheur family kept a small school for boys4 ,rosa's two brothers went to this school1 and after a while the teacher said ,rosa might come too4 ,she was the only girl in the school1 but she did not mind that at all4 ,the boys were glad to have her with them1 for she knew more games than they did and played just like one of them4 ,her father did not do so well with his painting as he had hoped1 so they moved into a cheaper house4 ,it was here that ,rosa's mother died4 ,the father was obliged to send his children where they could be well cared for1 so the baby daughter1 ,juliette1 was sent to her grandmother1 the two boys to school1 and ,rosa went to live with an aunt4 ,this aunt sent her to school4 ,to reach the schoolhouse ,rosa had to walk some distance through the woods4 ,sometimes she would stop and smooth the dust in the road with her hand and then draw pictures in it with a stick4 ,even then she liked to draw pictures of animals best of all4 ,often she had such a good time drawing that she forgot to go to school1 or was very late1 so she did not get along very well and was delighted when her father came to take her home4 ,he had married again and wanted all his children with him4 ,how happy they were6 ,a great many stories have been told about the pets they kept in their house4 ,rosa's brother ,isidore carried a little lamb on his shoulders down six flights of stairs every morning and evening1 that it might nibble the green grass and be out in the fresh air4 ,it became a great pet1 and all the children drew its picture in ever so many different positions4 ,besides1 they had a parrot1 a monkey1 two dogs1 and some rabbits and birds for pets4 ,their father let them keep these pets in a room fitted especially for them4 ,the father taught in a private school at that time1 and was away from home all day1 but when he came home at night ,rosa would show him what she had been doing while he was gone4 ,once she had been painting cherries1 and her father came home while she was at work on them4 ,he praised her very much and helped her finish painting them4 ,in the evening ,rosa1 her two brothers1 and her father used to put their easels in different parts of the big room and draw and paint until it was quite late4 ,they would all much rather do this than anything else in the world1 and it was the only time their father could help them4 ,the father belonged to a religious order called the ,saint ,simonians4 ,the members wore queer gowns and bonnets with long tassels4 ,such a bonnet with a big tassel ,rosa wore on the street1 and sometimes boys shouted and laughed at her1 but she paid no attention to that4 ,the father secured a teaching position in another private school and earned enough money to send his three children there and give them all they needed at home4 ,rosa did not behave very well in school4 ,often she was punished1 sometimes by being given nothing to eat but bread and water4 ,every one liked her1 however1 for she was good-hearted1 kind1 and full of fun4 ,but finally she did something that could not be overlooked4 ,this is what she did4 ,the lady who kept the school was very fond of flowers1 and above all she loved the stately hollyhocks4 ,she had a beautiful bed of them in the front yard of the school that was very much admired by all who passed4 ,one day ,rosa had been reading in the history about war1 and she thought it would be fine fun to arrange a battle between the school girls4 ,they used wooden sticks for swords4 ,very soon the girls on ,rosa's side drove their enemies toward the hollyhock bed1 where they turned and fled4 ,seeing the hollyhocks standing guard like soldiers1 ,rosa thought it would be fun to charge upon them1 which she did1 cutting off all their heads with her stick4 ,is it any wonder she was sent home in disgrace8 ,her father then sent her to a dressmaker to see if she could learn that trade1 but ,rosa did not like dressmaking and finally went home without having learned very much4 ,then some friends gave her some photographs to color4 ,this she liked to do1 so her father decided that the only thing to do was to let her paint4 ,rosa was willing to walk miles in all kinds of weather1 to sit hours in all kinds of uncomfortable positions1 and to go without food in order to draw a good picture of some animal4 ,now she began her study of animals in earnest4 ,she went to all the country horse fairs1 to the slaughter houses1 and wherever there was an opportunity to study them4 ,rosa never had very pretty clothes4 ,she tells us herself that one day a parrot called after her ,ha1 ha6 ,that hat6 ,now that she was grown up she found she could not get about very easily in her long skirts4 ,there were so many rough men in the packing houses and in other places where she must go to study that she obtained a permit to wear men's clothing4 ,her hair was short1 anyway1 and with her blue working blouse and dark trousers she looked just like a man4 ,then no one noticed her as she went about1 for they thought her one of the workmen4 ,people who knew her did not mind her dress1 and were ready to help her as much as they could in her work4 ,the first picture she exhibited was of some little rabbits nibbling carrots4 ,her pictures became famous the world over4 ,from all over the country she received gifts of fine horses and other animals to paint4 ,buffalo ,bill once sent her two fine horses from ,texas4 ,she bought a farm1 and had a very large barn built where she could keep her animals4 ,how proud her father was of her6 ,one day she was working hard in her studio when a servant came to tell her that the ,empress ,eugnie had come to see her4 ,it was a great event when this royal lady came to the artist's studio2 and there was ,rosa dressed in her old blue blouse covered with paint6 ,she did not have time even to slip it off before the empress came in1 but they had a most delightful visit4 ,as the ,empress ,eugnie bent over and kissed ,rosa ,bonheur1 she pinned the ,cross of the ,legion of ,honor on the artist's blue blouse4 ,rosa did not notice it until after the ,empress was gone4 ,how pleased she must have been1 for she was the first woman to receive that honor4 ,questions about the artist4 ,what is the artist's full name8 ,where did she live the first ten years of her life8 ,what did the father do for a living8 ,why did they move to the city8 ,how did the children like this change8 ,in what kind of a house did they live8 ,tell about ,rosa and the wild boar2 the school for boys4 ,why did they move8 ,what became of the children after their mother died8 ,why was ,rosa often late to school8 ,who came to take her home8 ,tell about the new home and the pets2 ,isidore and the lamb4 ,how did they all spend their evenings8 ,tell about the ,saint ,simon bonnet4 ,how did ,rosa behave at the private school8 ,tell about ,rosa and the hollyhocks4 ,how was she punished8 ,what trade did her father wish her to learn8 ,what was she willing to do in order to paint pictures8 ,where did she go to study animals8 ,how did she dress8 ,why did she dress like a man8 ,what presents did she receive8 ,where did she keep them8 ,tell about the visit of the ,empress ,eugnie4 ,how did she honor ,rosa ,bonheur8 ,,the ,,suggestions ,,to ,,teachers ,studying the picture4 ,several days before the lesson is to be taken up1 the picture to be studied should be placed where every pupil can see it4 ,first of all1 the children should find out for themselves what is in the picture4 ,the questions accompanying the story of each picture are intended to help them to do this4 ,language work4 ,the pupils should be encouraged in class to talk freely and naturally4 ,in this way the lesson becomes a language exercise in which the pupils will gain in freedom of expression and in the ability to form clear mental images4 ,if a lesson does not occupy the entire drawing period1 the children should be asked to retell the story of the picture4 ,dramatization and drawing4 ,most of the stories told by the pictures lend themselves readily to dramatization and1 whenever practicable1 such stories should be acted out4 ,the stories also offer numerous interesting situations that may be used as subjects for drawing lessons4 ,the review lesson4 ,the review lesson should cover all pictures and artists studied throughout the year4 ,at this time other pictures available1 by the same artists should be on exhibition4 ,the review work may be conducted as a contest in which the pictures are held up1 one at a time1 while the class writes the name of the picture and the artist on slips of paper which have been prepared and numbered for that purpose4 ,one teacher who used this device surprised her class by presenting those whose lists were correct with their choice of any of the large-sized ,perry pictures studied4 ,many teachers1 however1 will prefer to use this time for composition work1 although the description of pictures is often given as an ,english lesson4 ,pupils may write a description of their favorite picture4 ,in fact1 the lessons can be made to correlate with history1 geography1 ,english1 spelling1 reading1 or nature study4 ,in any event the real purpose of the work is that the pupils shall become so familiar with the pictures that they will recognize them as old friends whenever and wherever they may see them4 ,it is hoped that acquaintance with the picture and the interest awakened by its story will grow into a fuller appreciation and understanding of the artist's work4 ,thus the children will have many happy hours and will learn to love the good1 the true1 and the beautiful in everything about them4 ,transcriber's ,note3 99 ,some words have accents of different weights4 ,the heavier accent is marked double 774 7,example3 bonr7 99 ,pg #b ,replaced colon with a semi-colon after #ahad located in ,born1 #ahad34 99 ,pg #ea 7koro7 and ,pg #fc 7bonr7 contains the symbol representing an up tack not represented in any charts4