,libr>ies47 ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,o4 ,,hudson ,presid5t1 ,bo>d ( ,commission]s ( ,port ( ,new ,orleans ,,=eword4 ,oh ! m9d ( man6 ,frail1 untru/wor?y1 p]i%able--yet able to /& unlimit$ agony1 cope ) ! greate/ =ces ( ,nature & build aga9/ a ?\s& ye>s4 ,passion c bl9d x--yet x c read 9 inf9ity ! diff]5ce betwe5 "r & wrong4 ,alcohol c unsettle x--yet x c create a poem or a h>mony or a philosophy t is immortal4 ,a fl[] pot fall+ out ( a w9d[ c de/roy x--yet x c move m\nta9s4 ,if ,man _h a tool t 0 z frail z 8 m9d1 he w\ld fe> to use x4 ,he w\ld n tru/ himself on a plank s liable to crack4 ,he w\ld n v5ture into a boat s liable to g to pieces4 ,he w\ld n drive a tack ) a hamm]1 ! head ( :i* is s liable to fly (f4 ,b ,man kn[s t :at ! m9d c conceive1 t c he execute4 ,s ,man sits 9 8 room & plans ! ?+s ! _w ?\ght impossible4 ,f ! kn[n he d>es ! unkn[n4 ,he cov]s pap] ) figures1 conjures =? a blue pr9t1 & s5ds an army ( workm5 aga9/ ! =ces ( ,nature4 ,if 8 m9d blund]$1 he w\ld wa/e millions 9 money & p]haps de/roy ?\s&s ( lives4 ,b ,man c tru/ 8 m9d2 fragile ?\gh x is1 he kn[s x c be> ! /ra9 ( any task put ^u x4 ,all ov] ! _w !re is ! pro(3 9 ! heav5s above1 & 9 ! wat]s "u ! e>?4 ,& n[h]e has ,man won a great] triumph ov] unspeakable odds ?an 9 ,new ,orleans1 9 ! dr$g+ ( a canal ?r\gh buri$ =e/s #ah1jjj ye>s old1 ! creation ( an und]gr\nd riv]1 & ! build+ ( a lock t 0 ?\ght impossible4 ,! ,indu/rial ,canal & ,inn] ,h>bor ( ,new ,orleans ,hi/ory1 ,description & ,economic ,aspects ( ,giant ,facility ,creat$ to ,enc\rage ,indu/rial ,expansion & ,develop ,comm]ce ,by ,?omas ,ew+ ,dabney ,publi%$ by ,bo>d ( ,commission]s ( ! ,port ( ,new ,orleans ,second ,port ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,may1 #aiba 7,copyright1 #aiba1 by ,?omas ,ew+ ,dabney74 ,,cont5ts ,,=eword #b ,,! ,,ne$ ,,recogniz$ ,,= ,a ,,c5tury #e ,,new ,,orleans ,,decides ,,to ,,build ,,canal #h ,,small ,,canal ,,fir/ ,,plann$ #ac ,,! ,,dirt ,,beg9s ,,to ,,fly #ag ,,canal ,,plans ,,exp&$ #bb ,,digg+ ,,! ,,dit* #bg ,,ov]:elm+ ,,endorsem5t ,,by ,,new ,,orleans #ca ,,siphon ,,& ,,bridges #cf ,,! ,,rem>kable ,,lock #dj ,,new ,,*annel ,,to ,,! ,,gulf #dh ,,:y ,,gov]nm5t ,,%\ld ,,op]ate ,,canal #ed ,,economic ,,aspect ,,( ,,canal #fj ,,con/ruction ,,co/s ,,& ,,contractors #ff ,,o!r ,,port ,,facilities #gj ,,comp>ison ,,( ,,di/ances ,,betwe5 ,,new ,,orleans ,,& ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,cities ,,& ,,ports ,,( ,,! ,,_w #gh ,,! ,,ne$ ,,recogniz$ ,,= ,a ,,c5tury4 ,!re is a map 9 ! possession ( ,t4 ,p4 ,?ompson ( ,new ,orleans1 :o has a notable collection ( books & docum5ts on ! e>ly hi/ory ( ?is city1 dat$ ,m>* #a1 #ahbg1 & drawn by ,capta9 ,w4 ,t4 ,p\ss91 topographical eng9e]1 %[+ ! r\te ( a propos$ canal to connect ! ,mississippi ,riv] & ,lake ,pont*>tra91 curi\sly ne> ! site f9ally *os5 = t great ent]prise ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s lat]4 ,new ,orleans !n 0 a m]e huddle ( build+s ar\nd ,jackson ,squ>e2 b ) ! pur*ase ( ! ,l\isiana t]ritory f ,france1 & ! great influx ( ,am]ican ent]prise t *>act]iz$ ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! la/ c5tury1 developm5t 0 work+ l yea/1 & x 0 =ese5 t ,new ,orleans' future dep5d$ l>gely ^u connect+ ! two wat]ways m5tion$--! riv]1 t dra9s ! comm]ce ( ! ,mississippi ,valley1 at our front door1 & ! lake1 ) its %ort-cut to ! sea & ! comm]ce ( ! _w1 at ! back4 ,:5 ! ,c>ondelet canal1 n[ kn[n z ! ,old ,bas9 ,canal1 0 begun 9 #agid1 ! plan 0 to ext5d x to ! riv]4 ,x 0 also plann$ to connect ! ,new ,bas9 ,canal1 begun 9 #ahcc1 ) ! ,mississippi4 ,?is 01 9 fact1 "o ( ! big que/ions ( ! p]iod4 ,t ! "w 0 n put ?r\gh 0 due m to ! lack ( ma*9]y ?an ( ent]prise4 ,dur+ ! re/ ( ! c5tury1 ! proposal bobb$ up at frequ5t int]vals1 & ! small ,lake ,borgne canal 0 f9ally %ov$ ?r\gh f ! ,mississippi to ,lake ,borgne1 :i* is a bay ( ,lake ,pont*>tra94 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! e>ly proposals & ! plan = ! ,indu/rial ,canal & ,inn] ,h>bor t 0 f9ally adopt$1 is t ! purpose 9 ! =m] case 0 simply to develop a wat]way = h&l+ freight1 :]eas ! object ( ,new ,orleans' great facility1 n[ ne>+ completion1 is to create indu/rial developm5t4 ,"u ! law ( ,l\isiana1 inh]it$ f ! ,spani% & ,fr5* regimes1 riv] frontage c n be sold or leas$ to private ent]prise4 ,?is law prev5ts port facilities be+ sew$ up by selfi% int]e/s & insures a fair deal = all %ipp+ l9es1 new ones z well z old1 ) a consequ5t developm5t ( =eign trade2 & port (ficials1 at h>bors t are "u private monopoly1 w\ld give a pretty if ! ,l\isiana sy/em c\ld be e/abli%$ !re4 ,b !re is no law1 h[ev] good1 t meets all conditions1 & a numb] ( private ent]prises--w>eh\ses & factories--h und\bt$ly be5 kept out ( ,new ,orleans because !y c\ld n secure wat] frontage4 ,an artificial wat]way1 capable ( indef9ite expansion1 on ^: banks private ent]prise c\ld buy or lease1 = a long p]iod ( "t1 ! l& = erect+ its build+s & plants1 )\t putt+ 9 jeop>dy ! comm]cial developm5t ( ! port2 a wat]way t w\ld co-ord9ate riv]1 rail & m>itime facilities mo/ economically1 & l5d itself to ! developm5t ( a free port :5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates f9ally adopts t requisite to a _w comm]ce--t 0 ! recogniz$ ne$ ( ,new ,orleans :5 ! proposal = connect+ ! two wat]ways came to ! =e 9 ! op5+ ye>s ( ! pres5t c5tury4 ,! ,progressive ,union1 lat] ! ,association ( ,comm]ce1 took a lead+ "p 9 ! propag&a2 x 0 assi/$ by o!r public bodies1 & =w>d-look+ m51 :o gradually wore away ! opposition ) :i* is receiv$ e attempt to d some?+ t gr&fa!r didn't d4 ,& on ,july #i1 #aiad1 ! legislature ( ,l\isiana pass$ ,act ,no4 #bdd1 au?oriz+ ! ,commission ,c\ncil ( ,new ,orleans to det]m9e ! site1 & ! ,bo>d ( ,port ,commission]s ( ,l\isiana1 or ,dock ,bo>d1 z x is m commonly call$1 to build ! ,indu/rial ,canal4 ,! act gave ! bo>d a "r to expropriate all prop]ty necess>y = ! purpose1 to build ! necess>y locks1 slips1 lat]als1 bas9s & appurt5ances 99 99 99 9 aid ( comm]ce1 & to issue an unlimit$ am\nt 9 bonds aga9/ ! real e/ate & canal & locks & o!r improvem5ts 99 99 99 to be paid out ( ! net receipts ( said canal & appurt5ances !re(1 aft] ! paym5t ( op]at+ exp5ses 99 99 99 7&7 to fix *>ges = tolls 9 said canal4 ,?is 0 submitt$ to a vote ( ! p at ! regul> election 9 ,novemb] ( t ye>1 & became "p ( ! con/itution4 ,to avoid ! complication ( a second mortgage on ! prop]ty1 ! ,dock ,bo>d subsequ5tly 7ord9ance ( ,june #bi1 #aiah7 set a limit on ! total bond issue4 ,to enable ! developm5t t 0 !n se5 to be dimly possible1 x set ?is limit high--at #be1jjj1jjj4 ,,new ,,orleans ,,decides ,,to ,,build ,,canal4 ,! canal = :i* ! legislature made provision 9 #aiad be>s ab\t ! relation to ! "o t 0 f9ally built z ! acorn does to ! oak4 ,x 0 to be a m]e b>ge canal t might ultimately be enl>g$ to a %ip canal4 ,its co/ 0 e/imat$ at #b1djj1jjj1 :i* 0 less ?an ! co/ ( digg+ ! ,new ,bas9 canal ne>ly a c5tury be=e1 :i* 0 a great deal small] & ran b half way betwe5 ! lake & riv]4 ,! panic ( ! e>ly days ( ! ,_w ,w> %ov$ ev5 ?is mode/ plan to "o side1 & x 0 n until ! next ye> t en?usiasm caught its second w9d4 ,!n ! lead+ m5 & ! press ( ! city put !mselves beh9d ! project once m4 ,z ! ,new ,orleans ,item said1 ,octob] #bb1 #aiae1 ! lack ( t canal has already prov5 to h co/ ! city mu* 9 trade & develop$ indu/ry4 ,comm5t+ on ! a/oni%+ exhibition ( intellig5t public _s 9 ,new ,orleans1 ! ,*icago ,tribune said t no o!r city 9 or ne> ! ,mississippi ,valley1 includ+ ,*icago1 has %[n su* an awak5+ to ! possibilities & re>rangem5ts t are foll[+ ! cutt+ ( ! ,panama canal4 99 99 99 ,! awak5+ />t$ ) ! talk ( ! new canal4 ,o!r pap]s ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry made simil> expressions4 ,9 #aiae ! eng9e]+ firm ( ,=d1 ,bacon ,davis made a prelim9>y survey ( conditions & h[ developm5t w\ld be affect$ by ! canal4 ,at ab\t ! same "t ! ,ill9ois legislature vot$ to sp5d #e1jjj1jjj to con/ruct a deep wat] canal1 giv+ ,*icago wat] connection ) ! ,mississippi ,riv]2 & ! ,new ,orleans ,item l9k$ ! two projects :5 x said1 ,janu>y #af1 #aiaf1 ! ,ill9ois-,lake ,mi*igan ,canal & ! ,new ,orleans ,indu/rial ,canal are complem5t>y l9ks 9 a new sy/em ( wat]ways connect+ ! upp] ,valley ?r\gh ! ,mississippi ,riv] & ,new ,orleans ) ! ,gulf & ! ,panama ,canal4 ,?is sy/em aga9 gives ! diff]5tial to ! ,valley cities 9 trade ) ! m>kets ( ! ,ori5t1 our own we/ coa/1 & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,commodore ,erne/ ,lee ,jahncke1 presid5t ( ! ,association ( ,comm]ce1 issu$ a /atem5t to ! press ,janu>y #af1 #aiaf1 decl>+ t ! prospect ( ! canal bright5$ ! :ole bus9ess future ( ?is city & ! ,mississippi ,valley2 ! ,new ,orleans ,real ,e/ate ,bo>d & ! ,auction ,ex*ange1 9 a jo9t meet+1 urg$ its spe$y build+2 & ,gov]nor ,lu!r ,e4 ,hall1 9 a =mal /atem5t to ! press ,janu>y #af1 #aiaf1 gave 8 endorsem5t to ! con/ruction ( ! canal long s\ght by _m comm]cial int]e/s ( ,new ,orleans1 & said t "w w\ld probably beg9 9 ?ree mon?s4 ,9 ,augu/1 #aiaf1 ! gov]nor dismiss$ ! ,dock ,bo>d & appo9t$ a new "o4 ,9 ! confusion att5d+ ! reorganization ! canal project 0 aga9 dropp$4 ,! ,new ,orleans ,am]ican1 on ,augu/ #bh1 #aiaf1 attempt$ to revive x1 b ! ef=t fell flat1 & ! plan laid on ice until #aiah4 ,am]ica _h 9 ! meantime ?r[n its hat into ! r+1 & ! cry 0 go+ up = %ips1 m %ips1 & /ill m %ips4 ,national patriotism succe$$ :]e civic ef=t _h fail$4 ,new ,orleans br\ght out its ,indu/rial ,canal project to help ! c\ntry build ! fam\s bridge ( boats4 ,b ?is new phase ( ! plan 0 f> f ! canal t 0 f9ally built4 ,9 fact1 ! accompli%m5t ( ?is project has %[n a rem>kable developm5t ) ! pass+ ye>s1 rem9d+ "o ( ! gr[? ( ! trivial hopes ( ! boy into ! mighty a*ievem5t ( ! man4 ,%ips c\ld n be built on ! ,mississippi ,riv]4 ,! tw5ty-foot range 9 ! wat] level w\ld require ! ways to make a long slope into ! curr5t1 a "w ( prohibitive exp5se1 & z ne>ly impossible f an eng9e]+ /&po9t z any?+ c be4 ,e>ly 9 #aiah a committee ( repres5tative ,orleanians began to /udy ! situation4 ,?is 0 kn[n z ! ,city ,%ipbuild+ ,committee4 ,x compris$ ,mayor ,behrman1 ,o4 ,s4 ,morris1 presid5t ( ! ,association ( ,comm]ce2 ,walt] ,p>k]1 manag] ( t body2 ,ar?ur ,mc,guirk1 special c\nsel ( ! ,dock ,bo>d2 ,r4 ,s4 ,he*t1 presid5t ( ! ,hib]nia ,bank2 ,dr4 ,paul ,h4 ,saund]s1 presid5t ( ! ,canal-,comm]cial ,bank2 ,j4 ,d4 ,o',keefe1 vice-presid5t ( ! ,:itney-,c5tral ,bank2 ,j4 ,k4 ,newman1 f9anci]2 ,g4 ,g4 ,e>l1 sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,sew]age & ,wat] ,bo>d2 ,hampton ,reynolds1 contractor2 ,d4 ,d4 ,moore1 ,james ,m4 ,?ompson & ,j4 ,walk] ,ross1 ( ! ,times-,picayune1 ,item & ,/ates1 respectively4 ,on ,febru>y #aj1 #aiah1 ?is committee laid ! plans = an indu/rial bas91 connect$ ) ! riv] by a lock1 & ultimately to be connect$ ) ! lake by a small b>ge canal4 ,%ips c\ld be built on ! banks ( ?is bas91 ! wat] 9 :i* w\ld h a fix$ level4 ,mr4 ,he*t1 & ,ar?ur ,mc,guirk1 special c\nsel ( ! ,dock ,bo>d1 devis$ ! plan by :i* ! project c\ld be f9anc$4 ,! ,dock ,bo>d w\ld issue long-t]m bonds1 & build ! necess>y levees ) ! mat]ial excavat$ f ! canal4 ,! committee's =mal /atem5t summ>iz$ ! public ne$ ( ?is facility z foll[s3 #a4 ,x w provide practical1 conv5i5t & fix$-level wat]-front sites = %ip & boat build+ & repair plants1 = indu/ries & comm]cial ent]prises requir+ wat] frontage4 #b4 ,x w provide opportunities = all ent]prises requir+ p>ticul> facilities on wat] frontage to create su* facilities4 #c4 ,x w p]mit ! complete co-ord9ation1 9 ! ,city ( ,new ,orleans1 ( ! traffic ( ! ,mississippi ,riv] & its tribut>ies1 ( ! ,intracoa/al ,canal1 ! railroads & ! sea1 "u ! mo/ conv5i5t & satisfactory conditions4 #d4 ,9 connection ) ! publicly-own$ facilities on ! riv] front1 x w give ,new ,orleans all ! port & h>bor advantages enjoy$ by ,am/]dam ) its canal sy/em1 ,rott]dam & ,antw]p ) _! jo9t riv] & ocean facilities2 ,hamburg ) its free port1 & ,liv]pool ) its capacity z a m>ket deposit4 #e4 ,x w give ,new ,orleans a fix$-level1 well protect$ h>bor4 #f4 ,x w s]ve ! purposes ( ! ,intracoa/al ,canal & increase ! b5efits to accrue to ,new ,orleans f t canal4 #g4 ,9 connection ) reviv$ comm]cial use ( ! inl& wat]ways ^u :i* ! f$]al gov]nm5t is n[ det]m9$1 x w op5 ! way = an easy solution ( ! problem ( h&l+1 h\s+ & int]*ange ( wat]-borne comm]ce1 & ( ! developm5t ( facilities = ! /orage ( commodities betwe5 ! p]iod ( production & consumption4 #h4 ,x w prove an important facility 9 ! equipm5t ( ,new ,orleans to meet ! new competition ! enl>g$ ,erie ,canal w create4 ,! orig9al ,erie ,canal h>m$ ,new ,orleans because ,mississippi ,riv] boat l9es c\ld n build _! own t]m9al & h\s+ facilities at ,new ,orleans4 ,illu/ration3 ,w4 ,a4 ,,k]naghan ,vice-,presid5t ,,r5 ,,cl]c ,secret>y ,,alb]t ,,mackie ,,hugh ,mc,c,l,o,s,k,e,y ,,commission]s ,bo>d ( ,commission]s ( ! ,port ( ,new ,orleans ,?is meet+ made indu/rial hi/ory 9 ,new ,orleans4 ,! ,he*t plan 0 /udi$ by lawy]s & f9anci]s & decl>$ feasible4 ,mr4 ,he*t summ>iz$ ! confid5ce ( ! f>-vision$ m5 9 ! new ,new ,orleans :5 he decl>$ 9 a public int]view3 ,i feel !re is absolutely no?+ to prev5t ! imm$iate realization ( ,new ,orleans' long dream ( becom+ a great indu/rial & comm]cial c5t] & hav+ great %ipbuild+ plants locat$ )9 ! city limits4 ,& ! ,item said1 9 comm5t+ on ! und]tak+ 7,febru>y #ag1 #aiah73 ,millions ( doll>s ( capital w be ready to engage 9 %ipbuild+ 9 ,new ,orleans ! mom5t t pil$riv]s & /eam %ovels are set to "w on ! %iplock & navigation canal4 ,x 0 a "t ( great indu/rial excitem5t4 ,victory 0 at la/ 9 ! grasp ( ,new ,orleans4 ,! eyes ( ! c\ntry 7 on ,new ,orleans4 ,! cry 01 ,full ,spe$ ,ahead6 ,,small ,,canal ,,fir/ ,,plann$4 ,! plan1 at ?is "t1 0 to h a lock-sill only #af or #ah feet deep4 ,?is w\ld be suffici5t to all[ empty %ips to ent] or leave ! canal1 b n load$4 ,! m]e build+ ( %ips 0 ?us ! pr9cipal ?\ght1 despite ! rhetoric on comm]cial & indu/rial possibilities4 ,p]haps ! lead]s :o 7 beat+ ! project into %ape 7 !mselves afraid to ?9k 9 ! millions necess>y to d ! "w to :i* ,new ,orleans f9ally d$icat$ itself2 p]haps !y realiz$ t ! figure w\ld /agg] ! m9ds ( ! p & defeat ! und]tak+1 if !y 7 n gradually educat$ up to ! m>k4 ,meet+ on ,febru>y #ae1 #aiah1 ! ,dock ,bo>d resolv$ unanim\sly to put ! plan ?r\gh1 if x prov$ feasible4 ,w4 ,b4 ,?ompson 0 presid5t ( ! bo>d2 ! o!r memb]s 7 ,dr4 ,e4 ,s4 ,kelly1 ,?omas ,j4 ,kelly1 ,b4 ,b4 ,hans & ,o4 ,p4 ,g]54 ,lat]1 ,e4 ,e4 ,lafaye took ,mr4 ,kelly's place on ! bo>d4 ,! ,public ,belt ,railroad bo>d _h 9 ! meantime 7,febru>y #ac7 vot$ to pay ! ,dock ,bo>d #ej1jjj a ye>2 & ! ,levee ,bo>d 7,febru>y #ad7 to give #abe1jjj a ye>4 ,z ! plans 7 increas$1 ! ,levee ,bo>d lat] increas$ its bit to #ibe1jjj4 ,mayor ,behrman1 ,ar?ur ,mc,guirk & ,r4 ,s4 ,he*t laid ! proposition be=e bo? bodies4 ,action 0 unanim\s4 ,colonel ,j4 ,d4 ,hill1 speak+ = ! ,belt ,railroad ,bo>d1 said3 ,i am glad t at la/ !re has be5 outl9$ a plan :i* seem+ly makes x possible to con/ruct ! canal4 ,x w n only result 9 ! ev5tual con/ruction ( a big fleet ( %ips1 b w prep>e ! way = a trem5d\s indu/rial activity 9 o!r l9es4 ,! cons5sus has be5 t a navigation canal is ne$$ to induce l>ge manufactur]s1 import]s & export]s to e/abli% _! factories & w>eh\ses "h4 ,?is project w be ! op5+ w$ge4 ,memb]s ( ! ,public ,belt ,bo>d vot+1 besides ,colonel ,hill & ,mayor ,behrman 7ex-(ficio7 7 ,g9d] ,abbott1 ,ar?ur ,simpson1 ,john ,h4 ,murphy1 ,w4 ,b4 ,bloomfield1 ,adam ,lor*1 ,george ,p4 ,?ompson1 ,?omas ,f4 ,cunn+ham1 ,victor ,lamb\1 ,edg> ,b4 ,/]n & ,sam ,seg>i4 ,memb]s ( ! ,levee ,bo>d vot+ 73 ,william ,mc,l4 ,fayss\x1 presid5t1 ,?omas ,kille51 ,?omas ,smi?1 ,john ,f4 ,mull]1 ,james ,p4 ,williams1 ,john ,p4 ,vezi54 ,w4 ,b4 ,?ompson1 presid5t1 put ! matt] be=e ! ,dock ,bo>d4 ,! idea he said1 accord+ to ! m9utes ( ! meet+ ( ,febru>y #ae1 #aiah1 _h always receiv$ 8 approval1 & he ?\ght t ! mayor w\ld recall t 9 ! prep>ation1 he ) ! city attorney1 _h a v consid]able "p 9 fram+ ! same1 & he _h tak5 an active int]e/ 9 ! matt]2 he _h always be5 9 favor ( ! ,indu/rial ,canal1 & he believ$ 9 ! possibility ( developm5t ( ,new ,orleans ?r\gh ?is1 z a t]m9us2 & x 0 entirely logical t ! ,dock ,bo>d %\ld d all t may lie )9 its p[] to br+ ab\t ! successful consummation ( ?is project2 ! only d\bt 9 8 m9d be+ z to ! feasibility ( ! project f ! f9ancial /&po9t4 ,x seems n[1 h[ev]1 t a plan has be5 devis$1 ?r\gh ef=ts ( ! mayor & ,mr4 ,he*t1 :i* gives e promise ( success4 ,! co-op]ation ( ! city on behalf ( ! ,public ,belt ,railroad1 & ( ! ,levee ,bo>d1 app>5tly remov$ ! difficulties 9 respect to ! f9ancial end4 ,! ,dock ,bo>d welcomes ! assi/ance & co-op]ation ( ! city & ( ! ,levee ,bo>d1 b inasmu* z ^! bo>ds are m]ely contribut+ c]ta9 am\nts p] ye>1 & :]eas ! ,dock ,bo>d is ! obligor 9 respect ( ! pr9cipal ( ! bond issue1 x devolves ^u ! ,dock ,bo>d to use great caution be=e committ+ itself to any p>ticul> plan 9 a matt] :i* s vitally affects ! cr$it ( ! ,dock ,bo>d1 ! city ( ,new ,orleans & ! ,levee ,bo>d4 ,presid5t ,?ompson fur!r /at$ t he unhesitat+ly endors$ ! project & t he 0 sure t e memb] ( ! bo>d agre$1 & ! bo>d w\ld be glad to give prompt consid]ation to ! p>ticul> plan 9 "q & rea* "s conclusion :i* w insure ! realization ( ?is great project4 ,to e/imate ! probable co/ ( ! canal1 ,mayor ,behrman appo9t$ ! foll[+ committee ( eng9e]s3 ,w4 ,j4 ,h>dee1 city eng9e]2 ,a4 ,f4 ,b>clay1 eng9e] ( ! ,public ,belt ,railroad2 ,george ,g4 ,e>l1 sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,sew]age ,wat] ,bo>d2 ,c4 ,t4 ,rayn]1 ,jr41 eng9e] ( ! ,levee ,bo>d & ,hampton ,reynolds1 contractor4 ,on ,febru>y #bb1 ! committee report$ t1 n c\nt+ real e/ate1 a canal c\ld be built = #b1fbf1hgf4 ,?is e/imate call$ = a lock #fjj feet long1 #gj feet wide1 & #ah feet deep1 & a b>ge canal to ! lake4 ,! co/ ( con/ruct+ ! lock 0 put at #a1cgj1ffj1 & ( digg+ ! canal #a1bef1baf4 ,?is report 0 fir/ receiv$ by a special committee compos$ ( ,mayor ,behrman1 ,w4 ,b4 ,?ompson1 ,col4 ,j4 ,b4 ,hill1 ,r4 ,s4 ,he*t & ,major ,w4 ,mc,l4 ,fayss\x4 ,?is committee ref]r$ x to ! ,dock ,bo>d1 :i* adopt$ x ,febru>y #bb4 ,f9ancial arrangem5ts 7 complet$ at ?is same meet+4 ,9 ord] to h suffici5t to pay = ! l& :i* w\ld h to be expropriat$ = ! canal1 & to give "s leeway1 x 0 decid$ to issue bonds = #c1ejj1jjj1 ) an option ( float+ #a1jjj1jjj m )9 #cj days4 ,a f9ancial syndicate1 consi/+ ( ! ,hib]nia1 ,int]/ate & ,:itney-,c5tral banks ( ,new ,orleans1 ! ,william ,r4 ,compton ,inve/m5t ,company ( ,/4 ,l\is1 & ! ,halsey1 ,/u>t ,company ( ,*icago1 agre$ to take ! entire issue4 ,! bonds 7 to run #dj ye>s & beg9 to mature s]ially aft] #aj ye>s4 ,!y 7 to be> #e p] c5t int]e/1 & to be sold at #ie4 ,!y w\ld be secur$ by a mortgage on ! real e/ate ( ! canal site1 & by ! tax+ p[]s ( ! /ate1 = !y 7 a recogniz$ /ate obligation1 z ,ar?ur ,mc,guirk1 special c\nsel ( ! ,dock ,bo>d1 po9t$ out 9 8 op9ion ( ,july #aj1 #aiah4 ,he add$3 ,i am likewise ( op9ion t said bonds are unaffect$ by any limitations ^u ! /ate debt1 or ^u ! rate ( taxation = public purposes2 t ! said bonds are entitl$ to be paid out ( ! g5]al funds1 or by ! ex]cise ( ! p[] ( taxation ins(> z ! rev5ues1 funds or prop]ty pref]5tially pl$g$ or mortgag$ to secure said issue may fail1 or be insuffici5t1 to pay ! same4 ,! foll[+ sat ) ! ,dock ,bo>d & its attorneys at ! meet+ ( ,febru>y #bb3 ,mayor ,behrman1 ,j4 ,d4 ,hill ( ! ,public ,belt ,railroad1 ,r4 ,s4 ,he*t1 presid5t ( ! ,hib]nia ,bank1 ,j4 ,d4 ,o',keefe1 vice-presid5t ( ! ,:itney-,c5tral ,bank1 ,c4 ,g4 ,reeves1 vice-presid5t ( ! ,int]/ate ,bank1 ,w4 ,r4 ,compton ( ! ,compton ,inve/m5t ,company1 ,h4 ,l4 ,/u>t ( ,halsey1 ,/u>t & ,company1 ,w4 ,j4 ,h>dee1 city eng9e]1 & ,hampton ,reynolds1 contractor4 ,! selection ( ! site 0 left1 by ! /ate law1 to ! commission c\ncil4 ,!re 7 a numb] ( possible r\tes1 & ! selection 0 made ) ! utmo/ secrecy to prev5t real e/ate pr(ite]+4 ,at fir/ ! area b\nd$ by ,france & ,reynes /reets 0 *os54 ,?is 0 on ,febru>y #bh4 ,on ,may #i1 h[ev]1 ! site 0 *ang$ to ! area b\nd$ by ,france & ,liz>di /reets1 nor? f ! ,mississippi ,riv] to ,florida ,walk1 !nce to ,lake ,pont*>tra94 ,?is is a virtually un9habit$ region 9 ! ,?ird ,di/rict1 ?r\gh ! old ,ursul9es tract4 ,! site *os5 = expropriation is five & a ?ird miles long by #b1bjj feet wide1 #hig acres4 ,= ?is l& ! ,dock ,bo>d paid #a1dic1ecb4bd1 :i* is at ! rate ( #a1ffe an acre4 ,! valuation 0 rea*$ by expropriation proce$+s4 ,9 ! meantime1 ,commodore ,erne/ ,lee ,jahncke _h ask$ to be allott$ ! fir/ site on ! ,indu/rial ,canal1 & ,d\llut ,williams = ! second4 ,bo? 7 = %ipy>ds4 ,! ,f\ndation ,company1 :i* 0 op]at+ a numb] ( %ipy>ds 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 s5t an eng9e] "h to see if x w\ld be feasible = ! conc]n to build a %ipy>d "h4 ,ev5 be=e ! pil$riv]s & dr$ges 7 on ! job1 ! millions 7 be+ c\nt$ = inve/m5t 9 ! city ^: rem>kable ent]prise _h won ! admiration ( ! c\ntry4 ,,! ,,dirt ,,beg9s ,,to ,,fly4 ,until ! money = ! bond issue %\ld be available1 ! ,hib]nia ,bank au?oriz$ ! ,dock ,bo>d to draw aga9/ x on op5 acc\nt4 ,x only rema9$1 !n1 to secure ! au?orization ( ! ,capital ,issues ,committee ( ! ,f$]al ,res]ve ,bo>d1 :i* controll$ all bond issues dur+ ! ,_w ,w>1 to />t ! "w4 ,! gr\nds on :i* ! au?orization 0 reque/$ summ>ize conditions t make possible a great indu/rial developm5t 9 ,new ,orleans1 & w /& quot+4 ,!y are3 7a7 ,semi-tropical conditions1 :i* make x feasible to "w e day & night 9 ! ye>2 7b7 ,admirable h\s+ conditions :i* r5d] x feasible = labor to live "u mo/ sanit>y conditions 9 h\ses closely proximate to bo? ! plants & ! city1 ) sew]age & wat] connections1 & ) /reet c> transportation facilities to & f ! plants & to & f ! amusem5t c5t]s ( ! city2 7c7 ,ample labor supply & satisfactory labor conditions2 7d7 ,proximity to timb]1 /eel & coal s\rces ( supply ) all wat] z well z rail transportation facilities !reon2 7e7 ,/ate control ( ! canal facilities & op]ation ( ! same1 n = pr(it1 b = ! economical & exp$iti\s developm5t ( %ipbuild+4 ,two %ipy>ds 7 e/abli%$ on ! canal4 ,!y p\r$ millions ( doll>s into ,new ,orleans4 ,! trem5d\s tonnage built 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates dur+ ! w>1 & ! slump 9 =eign trade t foll[$ ! armi/ice1 due to f9ancial conditions abroad1 h caus$ _m %ipy>ds ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates to close d[n1 among !m "o ( ^! at ,new ,orleans4 ,! o!r "o is n[ f9i%+ its w> contracts1 & w be m or less inactive until ! dem&s ( ! ,am]ican ,m]*ant ,m>9e & bus9ess 9 g5]al op5 up aga94 ,if !y are n us$ = %ipbuild+1 !y c be us$ = %ip repair+ or build+ b>ges4 ,& x is obvi\s t ! same conditions t made %ip build+ an economic possibility1 w enc\rage o!r indu/rial production1 especially production t requires ! co-ord9ation ( riv]1 rail & m>itime facilities4 ,! ,canal means millions ( new money to ,new ,orleans1 z its propon5ts said x w\ld4 ,on ,m>* #ab1 ! au?orization ( ! ,capital ,issues ,committee 0 giv54 ,on ,m>* #ae1 ! ,george ,w4 ,goe?als ,company1 ,inc41 0 reta9$ z consult+ eng9e]s on ! big job4 ,! s]vices ( ?is company 7 secur$ z mu* = its eng9e]+ skill1 prov5 by its "w on ! ,panama ,canal1 z = ! pre/ige ( its "n4 ,! ,goe?als ,company1 co-op]at+ ) ! eng9e]s ( ! ,dock ,bo>d1 :i* did ! "w1 design$ ! fam\s lock & direct$ ! entire job4 ,george ,m4 ,wells1 vice-presid5t ( ! firm1 0 put 9 active *>ge ( ! "w4 ,g5]al ,goe?als made occasional visits ( sup]vision4 ,! dirt began to fly on ,june #f1 #aiah4 ,be=e com+ to ,new ,orleans to take up 8 "w1 ,mr4 ,wells1 act+ ^u in/ructions ( ! ,dock ,bo>d1 call$ at ! (fice ( ! ,f\ndation ,company 9 ,new ,york1 ^: eng9e] _h already /udi$ ! possibilities ( e/abli%+ a %ipy>d on ! canal1 & gu>ante$ an outlet to ! sea by ! "t its vessels %\ld be f9i%$4 ,! riv] end ( ! site *os5 = ! canal consi/$ ( l[ & flat mead[ l&4 ,!re 7 a few h\ses helt]-skelt]$ ab\t1 l blocks 9 a nurs]y1 b ! pr9cipal signs ( human life 7 ! c[s t graz$ :]e ! graz+ 0 good1 & s\ght refuge f ! noonday beams ( ! sun "u ! occasional oaks t _h /ray$ out into ! op5 & didn't "k h[ to get back4 ,! middle ( ! site--sev]al miles 9 ext5t--0 a gray cypress swamp1 ) five or six hundr$ trees to ! acre1 & always awa%4 ,! lake end 0 trembl+ prairie m>% l& subject to tidal ov]fl[ & v s(t4 ,illu/ration3 ,n4 ,o4 ,,army ,,supply ,,base ,illu/ration3 ,,build+ ,,lake ,,entrance ,) dr$ges1 spades1 me*anical excavators1 pil$riv]s & dynamite ! "w op5$4 ,a great =ce ( m5 began to ?r[ up by h&1 ! levees t 7 to s]ve z banks = ! turn+ bas91 ! lock & o!r portions ( ! canal4 ,?is levee w\ld keep ! liquid mat]ial1 dr$g$ out1 f runn+ back into ! excavation4 ,! turn+ bas91 #iej feet by #a1aej feet1 0 an expansion ( ! orig9al indu/rial bas94 ,situat$ sev]al hundr$ feet f ! lock1 its purpose is to enable %ips ent]+ ! canal f ! riv]1 & pass+ ?r\gh ! lock1 to turn 91 z well z to furni% a site = ! conc5tration ( indu/ries4 ,! ,f\ndation ,company _h 9 ! meantime decid$ to e/abli% a %ipy>d on ?is bas92 its eng9e]s 7 on ! gr\nd1 & its mat]ial 0 roll+4 ,"o dr$ge 0 s5t ar\nd ,lake ,pont*>tra9 to comm5ce bor+ 9 f t end4 ,?is c\ld n be done on ! riv] end4 ,! ,mississippi is too mighty a giant to risk su* lib]ties4 ,! #b1jjj-;foot cut betwe5 ! riv] & ! lock w\ld h to be done la/ ( all1 :5 ! re/ ( ! canal & ! lock 7 f9i%$1 & ! new levees t w\ld protect ! city aga9/ its ov]fl[1 7 solidly set4 ,b a few hundr$ feet f ! turn+ bas91 0 ,bay\ ,bi5v5u1 :i* runs into ,lake ,borgne1 "p ( ,lake ,pont*>tra91 & "o ( ! refuges ( ,lafitte 9 ! brave days :5 smuggl+ 0 m a sport ( ! pla9 p ?an x is n[ ) ,european travel re/rict$ to ! weal?y4 ,s ?r\gh ,bay\ ,bi5v5u a small excavator 0 s5t to cut a passage into ! turn+ bas91 to all[ ! mighty #bb-;in* dr$ges to get 9 & "w outw>ds t[>ds ! lake & ! lock site4 ,! problem 0 fur!r complicat$ by ! ,florida ,walk dra9age sy/em1 :i* empti$ into ,bay\ ,bi5v5u1 & by ! railway l9es t cross$ ! site ( ! ,canal4 ,^! railways 7 ! ,s\!rn ,railway1 at ! lake end1 ! ,l\isville ,na%ville1 at ! middle1 & ! ,s\!rn & ,public ,belt ne> ! turn+ bas9 on ,florida ,walk4 ,= !m1 ! ,dock ,bo>d _h to build run-ar\nd tracks1 to be us$ :ile _! l9es 7 cut to enable ! dr$g+ to be made & ! bridges to be con/ruct$4 ,= ! dra9age1 ! plans call$ = ! con/ruction ( an inv]t$ siphon pass+ "u ! ,canal1 a riv] "u a riv]1 s to speak4 ,9 ! meantime1 h[ev]1 ! dra9age canal _h to be block$ (f ) two c(f]dams1 to cut (f ! wat] f ! city & ! bay\1 & enable ! con/ruction ( ! siphon betwe54 ,additional railroad tracks1 too1 _h to be built to h&le ! imm5se volume ( mat]ial ne$$ = ! "w2 roads _h to be built = gett+ supplies on ! job by truck2 ! trolley l9e _h to be ext5d$ = ! transportation ( labor4 ,week by week ! labor gangs grew1 z ! m5 7 able to f9d places 9 ! attack+ l9e ( ! indu/rial battle4 ,great excavators /alk$ ov] ! l&1 pull+ !mselves along by _! dipp]s :i* bit out *unks ( e>? z big z a c>t :5 !y took a-hold2 ! smack ( pile driv]s1 ! ?ump ( dynamite1 & ! :i/le ( dr$ges fill$ ! air4 ,build+s spr\t$ l mu%rooms2 9 ! mead[1 half a mile f ! ne>e/ wat]1 ! %ipy>d ( ! ,f\ndation ,company began to take =m4 ,x 0 ! plan to f9i% ! ,canal by ,janu>y1 #aibj4 ,,canal ,,plans ,,exp&$4 ,"w 9 ! meantime _h begun on ! commodity w>eh\se & :>f1 ano!r facility plann$ by ! ,dock ,bo>d to relieve ! gr[+ pa9s4 ,built on ! ,canal1 b op5+ on ! riv]1 x 0 to p]=m ! same s]vice = g5]al commodities z ! ,public ,cotton ,w>eh\se & ! ,public ,gra9 ,elevator did = ^? products4 ,?\gh n a "p ( ! canal plan1 ! con/ruction ( ! w>eh\se at ?is po9t 0 "p ( ! g5]al s*eme to conc5trate indu/rial developm5t on t wat]way4 ,lat]1 ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t took ov] ?is "w & gave ,new ,orleans a #ac1jjj1jjj t]m9al1 ?r\gh :i* x h&l$ army supplies4 ,x is /ill us+ ! ?ree w>eh\ses = /orage purposes1 b has leas$ ! half-mile d\ble-deck :>f to ! ,dock ,bo>d1 :i* is devot+ x to ! g5]al comm]ce ( ! port4 ,9 "t1 ! ,dock ,bo>d hopes to get at lea/ "o ( ! build+s4 ,!re c be no d\bt b t ! ent]prise ( ,new ,orleans 9 build+ ! ,indu/rial ,canal _h a great deal to d ) ! gov]nm5t's det]m9ation to e/abli% a depot at ,new ,orleans4 ,on ,may #cj1 ! news came out ( ,wa%+ton t ! ,d\llut ,williams ,%ipbuild+ ,company _h be5 aw>d$ a #ae1jjj1jjj contract by ! ,em]g5cy ,fleet ,corporation to build eight %ips ( #i1fjj tons ea*4 ,?is 0 ! l>ge/ %ipbuild+ contract t _h be5 giv5 ! ,s\?4 ,! ,indu/rial ,canal r5d]$ x possible4 ,! firm ( ,d\llut ,williams _h be5 engag$ = fifte5 ye>s or s 9 ! civil eng9e]+ & contract+ bus9ess 9 ,new ,orleans4 ,capta9 ,m4 ,p4 ,d\llut _h built laun*es ) 8 own h&s :5 a "y man1 & dream$ ( ! "t :5 he w\ld h a y>d capable ( turn+ out ocean-go+ vessels4 ,! ,d\llut ,williams ,%ipbuild+ ,company 0 organiz$ ,april #be1 #aiah1 ) ! foll[+ (fic]s3 ,m4 ,p4 ,d\llut1 presid5t2 ,paul ,d\llut1 vice-presid5t2 ,w4 ,horace ,williams1 secret>y-treasur] & g5]al manag]2 ,l4 ,h4 ,gu]91 *ief eng9e]2 & ,james ,p4 ,ew91 assi/ant *ief eng9e]4 ,i feel t ,new ,orleans is on ! eve ( a v rem>kable developm5t said ,s5ator ,ransdell ( ,l\isiana 9 a telegram ( congratulation1 & e>ne/ly hope our p w cont9ue to "w toge!r ) en]gy & he>ty accord until we h gone way ov] ! top 9 %ipbuild+ & _m o!r l9es4 ,! expression ov] ! top _h n become ! pe/ t x & o!r w>-"t we$s ( rhetoric h subsequ5tly prov54 ,t 0 a "t :5 "o c\ld /ill ref] to a drive )\t caus+ a gna%+ ( tee?4 ,pick+ ! site at ! ,lake ,pont*>tra9 end ( ! canal1 ,d\llut ,williams ,%ipbuild+ ,company began to erect its %ipy>d4 ,! plant build+s 7 erect$ ^u tall pil+4 ,z ! dr$ges excavat$ ! mat]ial f ! cut1 !y deposit$ x on ! site ( ! %ipy>d & rais$ ! elevation sev]al feet1 s ! build+s 7 only ! usual height above ! gr\nd4 ,bo? sides ( ! ,canal1 x %\ld be add$1 h be5 simil>ly rais$ by excavation mat]ial4 ,x 0 plann$ t ! %ips f ! ,d\llut ,williams y>d %\ld be s5t out into ! _w ?r\gh ,lake ,pont*>tra91 :i* empties into ! ,gulf ( ,mexico4 ,!re 0 ample wat] 9 ! lake1 )\t dr$g+1 to accommodate unload$ %ips ( ?is size4 ,b ! fact t %ips #djj or s feet long & draw+1 :5 load$ to capacity1 #bg feet1 7 to be built at ,new ,orleans1 emphasiz$ ! belief ( ^? direct+ ! "w ( ! ,indu/rial ,canal t ! plan on :i* !y 7 work+ 0 too small4 ,an #ah-;foot canal w\ld n meet ! gr[+ ne$s ( ,new ,orleans4 ,accord+ly ! ,dock ,bo>d in/ruct$ ! eng9e]+ dep>tm5t to exp& ! plans4 ,by ,june #aa1 #aiah1 ! plans _h be5 revis$ to give a #be-;foot *annel4 ,?is w\ld accommodate all b ! l>ge/ %ips t come to ,new ,orleans4 ,! co/ ( su* a lock & canal1 ,george ,m4 ,wells e/imat$1 w\ld be #f1jjj1jjj1 or #b1ejj1jjj m ?an ! e/imate = ! orig9al canal4 ,! ,levee ,bo>d promptly rais$ its ante to #bej1jjj to gu>antee ! int]e/4 ,:5 ! ,dock ,bo>d float$ ! fir/ bond issue ( #c1ejj1jjj 9 ,febru>y1 at #ie1 x res]v$ ! option to issue ano!r #a1jjj1jjj ( bonds )9 ?irty days1 at ! same rate4 ,= #a1ejj1jjj ( ! new issue1 ! same syndicate ( banks (f]$ #ig-a_/b1 or two & a half po9ts high] ?an = ! fir/2 b = ! o!r million1 !y held ! bo>d to ! orig9al rate ( #ie4 ,presid5t ,?ompson report$ to ! ,dock ,bo>d ,june #aa t he consid]$ ^! v satisfactory t]ms4 ,he add$3 ,we 7 able to secure ^! bett] prices & conditions because ! bond m>ket is 9 a some:at bett] condition n[ ?an x 0 :5 we made ! orig9al contract4 ,! contract 0 accept$ on t date1 & application made to ! ,capital ,issues ,committee = ! necess>y p]mission4 ,?is 0 giv5 9 due "t1 ?\gh !re 0 consid]able opposition4 ,! opposition1 said ,presid5t ,?ompson1 at ! ,dock ,bo>d meet+ ( ,febru>y #bf1 #aiai1 review+ ! developm5t ( ! canal plans1 0 inspir$ by vici\s & spectacul> attacks ( c]ta9 private int]e/s ho/ile to ! canal project & to ! port ( ,new ,orleans4 ,railroads1 ^: "r ( way cross$ ! ,canal1 7 ! pr9cipal propag&i/s4 ,!y realiz$ t ! ,dock ,bo>d c\ld n be requir$ to build _! bridges ov] ! wat]way1 & al?\gh ! ,?ompson bo>d f9anc$ ! "w at ! "t1 !y knew t soon] or lat] w\ld come a day ( reckon+4 ,! ,hudson ,bo>d has s9ce !n tak5 /eps to collect sev]al million doll>s f ^! roads4 ,b :y build a canal almo/ l>ge en\gh1 only8 ,:y build a #be-;foot lock :5 %ips draw+ #cj-;feet ( wat] come to ,new ,orleans8 ,a lock _c be enl>g$1 once x is complet$--& ! t5d5cy ( ! times is t[>ds l>g] %ips4 ,:y n make a capacity facility :ile !y 7 ab\t x8 ,illu/ration3 ,,lock ,,site ,driv+ ,%eet ,pil+ ,illu/ration3 ,,lock ,,site ,dr$ges ,ent]+ ,^! 7 que/ions ! ,dock ,bo>d ask$ itself1 & on ,june #bi1 #aiah1 x decid$ to build ! lock ) a #cj-;foot dep? ov] ! sill at extreme l[ wat]1 & make ! canal #cjj feet wide at ! top1 & #aej feet wide at ! bottom4 ,to d ?is1 w\ld co/ ab\t #a1jjj1jjj m1 x 0 e/imat$ by ,george ,m4 ,wells ( ! ,goe?als company--a sum :i* ! ,dock ,bo>d ?\ght w\ld be realiz$ f ! r5tal-rev5ues ( ,d\llut ,williams & ! ,f\ndation ,company1 )\t increas+ ! second bond issue4 ,?is is ! ,canal t 0 f9ally built--ne>ly #gj p] c5t l>g] ?an ! "o t 0 begun & ab\t #ajj p] c5t l>g] ?an ! "o orig9ally plann$1 :5 ! newspap]s & =w>d-look+ told ! p t ! lack ( su* a canal _h co/ ,new ,orleans millions ( doll>s 9 developm5t4 ,,digg+ ,,! ,,dit*4 ,no rock-problem 0 enc\nt]$ 9 dr$g+ ! canal4 ,! co/ 0 bel[ :at ! eng9e]s e/imat$ x w\ld be--less ?an ?irty c5ts a cubic y>d4 ,b a novel situation did develop2 a condition t w\ld h s5t ! co/ sky-rocket+ if an ,orleanian _h n met ! difficulty4 ,l\isiana is :at geologi/s call a region ( subsid5ce4 ,! gulf ( ,mexico =m]ly rea*$ to :]e ,cairo1 ,ill41 n[ is4 ,wa%+s f ! l&1 dur+ ! sl[-mov+ c5turies1 pu%$ ! %orel9e ev] outw>d2 ! humus ( decay+ vegetation rais$ ! gr\nd surface /ill high]4 ,?is section ( ,l\isiana1 built by ! silt ( ! ,mississippi1 0 ( c\rse ! mo/ rec5t =mation4 ,tw5ty ?\s& ye>s ago1 say ! geologi/s1 !re 7 great =e/s :]e ,l\isiana n[ is4 ,among ^! mighty trees roam$ ! glyptodont2 ! #af-;foot armadillo ) a tail l ! morn+-/> ( ! old crusad]s1 mon/r\sly magnifi$2 ! giraffe camel2 ! titano!re2 ! ,columbian elephant1 ab\t ! size ( a trolley c> & ) #ae-;foot tusks2 ! giant slo? :i* c\ld look into a second-/ory w9d[2 "h ! sab]-too!d tig] f\ght ) ! mega!rium2 mighty rh9oc]oses slo%$ _! clumsy way1 & huge & grotesque birds fill$ ! air ) _! flapp+s4 ,z ! subsoil pack$ m solidly1 ?is wild]ness 9 "t sunk b5ea? ! wat]s4 ,! ,mississippi built up its s&b>s aga91 /orms %ap$ !m above ! waves1 m>% grass rais$ ! surface ) its humus1 & ano!r =e/ grew4 ,?is1 9 turn1 sunk4 ,& s ! process 0 repeat$1 "t aft] "t4 ,at diff]5t dep?s bel[ ! surface ( ! gr\nd ! rema9s ( ^! =e/s are f\nd today1 ! wood p]fectly pres]v$ by ! dampness4 ,& ?r\gh ?is tangl$ mass ! dr$ges _h to fight _! way4 ,x 0 a task too great = ! ord9>y type ( #bj or #bb-;in* suction dr$ge1 ev5 ) ! /r5g? ( #a1jjj horses beh9d x4 ,:5 !y met ^! giant /umps & trunks !y j /opp$4 ,a4 ,b4 ,wood1 ( ! sew]age & wat] dep>tm5t1 _h already design$ & pat5t$ a c5trifugal pump impell] adapt$ to ! h&l+ ( sew]age conta9+ tra%4 ,le>n+ ( ?is1 ,w4 ,j4 ,:ite1 sup]9t5d5t ( dr$g+ on ! ,canal1 ask$ him to design a special impell]1 along simil> l9es1 = ! dr$ge ,texas4 ,results f ! inv5tion 7 rem>kable4 ,dur+ ! ?irty days imm$iately prec$+ ! in/allation ! dr$ge _h suff]$ delays f clogg$ suction :i* totall$ #acj-c_/d h\rs4 ,dur+ ! ?irty days imm$iately succe$+ in/allation ! total ( delays = ! same reason 0 cut d[n to #ga-a_/b h\rs4 ,! av]age y>dage 01 = ! e>li] p]iod1 #aeb an h\r1 ( actual excavation2 & = ! lat] p]iod1 #dde an h\r--an increase ( almo/ #bjj p] c5t4 ,! situation _h be5 met4 ,?is 0 ! p]iod :5 ! co/ ( labor & mat]ial began to jump4 ,employ]s 7 bidd+ aga9/ ea* o!r = m51 & ! gov]nm5t's "w practically fix$ ! price ( supplies4 ,george ,m4 ,wells1 consult+ eng9e]1 9 8 report ( ,decemb] #i1 #aiah1 to ! ,dock ,bo>d1 summ>iz$ labor increases ov] ! scale :5 ! "w 0 begun1 z foll[s3 ,unskill$ labor1 #ed2 pile driv] m51 #dj2 ma*9i/s1 #dj2 blacksmi?s1 #dj2 =em5 & mon?ly1 #ae to #dj--;an av]age increase ( #dj4 ,mat]ials _h advanc$1 he w5t on to %[1 z foll[s3 ,gravel1 #gb2 s&1 #be2 cem5t1 #aj2 lumb] 7=m71 #gj2 timb]1 #dj2 piles1 untreat$1 #dj2 piles1 treat$1 #be4 ,^! increases1 toge!r ) ! expansion ( ! plans requir+ a canal ( maximum dep?1 in/ead ( ! pilot cut ( fifte5 feet1 z orig9ally plann$2 ! insi/5ce ( ! ,levee ,bo>d t levees 9 ! back areas mu/ be rais$ to elevation #cj2 developm5t ( un=ese5 & un=eseeable quicks& conditions 9 ! v>i\s excavations2 requirem5ts ( railroads = bridges ( great] capacity & /r5g? ?an ne$$2 build+ ( a p[] l9e to ! ,f\ndation ,company's plant--n a ,dock ,bo>d job1 b "o t ! conditions requir$ x %\ld f9ance !n2 & o!r exp5ses1 besides delay+ ! "w1 made ano!r bond issue necess>y to f9i% ! job4 ,at its meet+ ( ,febru>y #bf1 #aiai1 ,presid5t ,?ompson laid ! matt] be=e ! bo>d4 ,x decid$ to issue #f1jjj1jjj ( bonds1 = :i* ! same syndicate ( bank]s t _h tak5 ! o!r two (f]$ #if4 ,lib]ty bonds 7 !n sell+ at a big disc\nt1 & ?is seem$ ! be/ t]ms on :i* ! money c\ld be secur$4 ,?is gave a total issue ( #ab1jjj1jjj to date1 ! int]e/ on :i* am\nt$ to #fjj1jjj a ye>4 ,! ,levee ,bo>d rais$ its %>e ( ! r5tal to #eej1jjj1 to gu>antee ! int]e/2 ! ,public ,belt ,railroad's #ej1jjj made ! total complete4 ,9 ! meantime %ips 7 beg9n+ to bulk l>ge on ! ways ( ! ,f\ndation & ! ,d\llut ,williams y>ds4 ,! ,f\ndation company laun*$ its fir/1 ! ,gau*y--a #d1bjj-ton non-s9kable /eel %ip1 built = ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t--9 ,septemb]1 #aiai2 & ! ,d\llut ,williams company laun*$ its fir/1 ! ,new ,orleans1 a /eel vessel ( #i1fjj tons1 ! l>ge/ turn$ out s\? ( ,newport ,news1 built = ! ,%ipp+ ,bo>d1 9 ,janu>y1 #aibj4 ,^! 7 foll[$ by f\r si/] vessels f ! ,f\ndation y>d & sev5 f ! ,d\llut ,williams plant4 ,! =m] w5t to sea ?r\gh ,bay\ ,bi5v5u & ! latt] ?r\gh ,lake ,pont*>tra94 ,! ,d\llut ,williams y>d is a l>ge "o4 ,orig9ally plann+ a m]e assembl+ y>d1 ! ,f\ndation ,company _h subsequ5tly develop$ ! greate/ /eel fabricat+ plant 9 ! ,s\?--s confid5t x 0 t ,new ,orleans w\ld c>ry ?r\gh ! project4 ,&1 too1 ! ,new ,orleans ,army ,supply ,base t ,uncle ,sam 0 build+ on ! riv] end ( ! ,indu/rial ,canal 0 rapidly ris+--! facility t 0 to d\ble ! port /orage capacity ( ,new ,orleans :5 x 0 f9ally complet$ 9 ,june1 #aiai4 ,! canal is #e-a_/c miles long4 ,betwe5 riv] & lock ! canal prism w be #abe feet wide at ! bottom & #bge feet at ! top2 betwe5 ! lock & ! lake1 #aej feet wide at ! bottom & #cjj feet wide at ! top4 ,x is an excavation job ( #aj1jjj1jjj cubic y>ds4 ,five hundr$ ?\s& flat c>s w\ld be requir$ to c>ry t dirt--a tra9 m ?an #d1jjj miles long4 ,by ,septemb]1 #aiai1 ! canal _h be5 entirely dr$g$1 except = ! #b1jjj-;foot *annel betwe5 ! lock & riv]1 :i* mu/ be left until ! la/1 to a wid? ( ab\t #aej feet & a dep? ( #bf feet4 ,s9ce !n1 ! labor has be5 conc5trat$ ^u ! lock4 ,b tw5ty-six feet w float a vessel c>ry+ #f1jjj bales ( cotton4 ,full dim5sions1 h[ev]1 w be develop$1 & ! ,canal1 ) a sy/em ( lat]als & bas9s su* z are f\nd 9 ,europe1 w be an ,inn] ,h>bor capable ( indef9ite expansion4 ,,ov]:elm+ ,,endorsem5t ,,by ,,new ,,orleans4 ,:5 ! ,canal 0 ab\t half f9i%$ x receiv$ ! mo/ trem5d\s endorsem5t by e int]e/ ( ,new ,orleans 9 its hi/ory4 ,! "q 0 put squ>ely be=e ! p3 ,d y ?9k x is a good ?+1 & y are will+ to be tax$ to put x across1 &1 if s1 h[ mu*8 ,& ! answ] came )\t hesitation3 ,x is absolutely necess>y to ! indu/rial progress ( ! city4 ,we mu/ h ! ,canal at all co/s1 & are will+ to be tax$ any am\nt = x4 ,on ,septemb] #bd1 #aiai1 ,george ,m4 ,wells1 consult+ eng9e]1 made a report to ! ,dock ,bo>d1 %[+ t ! la/ bond issue ( #f1jjj1jjj _h be5 exhau/$1 & ab\t #e1jjj1jjj m 0 ne$$ to f9i% ! ,canal4 ,?is 0 9 ! la/ days ( ! ,?ompson ,bo>d1 & x took no action4 ,! ,hudson bo>d ent]$ ^u its duties ,octob] #b4 ,x compris$ ,william ,o4 ,hudson1 presid5t2 ,william ,a4 ,k]naghan1 ,r5 ,f4 ,cl]c1 ,alb]t ,mackie1 ,?omas ,h4 ,rob]ts4 ,lat]1 ,mr4 ,rob]ts resign$ & ,hugh ,mc,closkey took 8 place4 ,all are s\nd bus9ess m51 ) ! int]e/s ( ! port at he>t4 ,!y f\nd1 9 ! bank1 only #b1jfg1hde4cg to ! ,indu/rial ,canal ,acc\nt4 ,aft] d$uct+ ! obligations already made !re 0 left only #aab1jfd4dc to cont9ue ! "w4 ,)\t a public expression f ,new ,orleans !y 7 unwill+ to incur ! responsibility ( issu+ #e1jjj1jjj m bonds4 ,presid5t ,hudson call$ a s]ies ( meet+s ( ! repres5tative int]e/s ( ! city to decide :at 0 to be done4 ,z ! p ( ,new ,orleans _h decid$ to beg9 ! ,canal 9 ! fir/ place1 x 0 only "r t !y %\ld det]m9e :e!r ! und]tak+1 co/+ five times z mu* z ! orig9al plan1 %\ld be c>ri$ ?r\gh4 ,! gov]nor1 ! mayor1 presid5ts ( banks1 committees ( comm]cial ex*anges1 ! presid5t ( ! ,public ,belt ,railroad1 ! presid5t ( ! ,levee ,bo>d1 newspap] publi%]s1 labor lead]s & prom95t bus9ess m5 7 invit$4 ,likewise1 a g5]al call 0 made to ! community at l>ge to express an op9ion z to f9i%+ ! ,canal4 ,at ! meet+ ( ,octob] #ag ! city made its answ]4 ,presid5t ,hudson outl9$ ! attitude ( ! ,dock ,bo>d z foll[s3 ,! bo>d has no feel+ ( prejudice aga9/ ! completion ( ! ,canal4 ,we are 9 favor ( x4 ,we are anxi\s to complete x4 ,x 0 fo/]$ by ! citiz5s ( ,new ,orleans4 ,! float+ ( ! bond issue is a simple matt]1 if y m5 ?9k we ought to d x2 b :]e is ! money = meet+ ! int]e/ to come f8 ,! #fjj1jjj int]e/ on bonds n[ out/&+ is be+ paid1 #eej1jjj by ! ,levee ,bo>d1 & #ej1jjj by ! ,public ,belt ,railroad4 ,! ,public ,belt's %>e is paid f its e>n+s2 b ! ,levee ,bo>d's %>e is be+ paid by direct taxation on ! citiz5s ( ,new ,orleans4 ,mu/ we increase t tax8 ,i p]sonally won't object to any taxation z a citiz5 to pay my "p t[>ds f9anc+ ! ,canal4 ,i want to see ! canal complet$1 said ,gov]nor ,pleasant4 ,b x is up to ! p ( ,new ,orleans to say :e!r !y are will+ to assume ! add$ obligation4 ,r4 ,s4 ,he*t1 presid5t ( ! ,hib]nia ,bank1 & a recogniz$ f9ancial lead] 9 ,new ,orleans1 !n arose4 ,i feel1 he said1 t all :o h ! future ( ,new ,orleans at he>t mu/ agree t we are "h to discuss n :e!r ! ,canal is to be f9i%$1 b h[4 ,f9i%$ x mu/ be1 or our comm]cial future w be doom$ = _m ye>s4 ,if ! ,dock ,bo>d 7 to /op ! "w1 x w\ld =ev] kill its cr$it = any o!r bond issue t might be propos$ = :>f developm5t1 new w>eh\ses1 or any?+ else4 ,! co/ ( ! canal is a surprise to ev]ybody4 ,i 0 pres5t :5 ! co/ 0 orig9ally e/imat$ at #c1ejj1jjj ) a leeway ( #a1jjj1jjj4 ,i said !n1 & ,i repeat n[1 t ! canal c\ld be f9anc$ if ! p ( ,new ,orleans /ood squ>ely beh9d x4 ,! cotton w>eh\se & ! gra9 elevator co/ a great deal m ?an ! orig9al e/imates4 ,s ! ,indu/rial ,canal1 ?\gh x is co/+ m ?an anticipat$1 because ( ! increas$ co/ ( mat]ial & labor & ! increas$ size 9 ! ,canal1 w1 ,i feel sure1 be ju/ifi$ by ! developm5t ( ! future4 ,are we to be tax$ = fifty ye>s = our inve/m5t ( #ab1jjj1jjj & get no return1 or are we will+ to pay a little bit m & get some?+ wor? :ile8 ,t express$ ! s5tim5t ( ! meet+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,build+ ,,! ,,lock ,! p ( ,new ,orleans1 said ,hugh ,mc,closkey1 f9anci] & dean ( all ,dock ,bo>d presid5ts1 h nev] fail$ to meet a crisis4 ,x is ! duty ( ! ,dock ,bo>d to f9i% ! ,canal1 no matt] :at ! d\bt+ ,?omases may say4 ,simil> expressions 7 made by ,?omas ,kille51 presid5t ( ! ,levee ,bo>d2 ,?omas ,cunn+ham1 ( ! ,public ,belt ,railroad2 ,d4 ,d4 ,moore1 editor ( ! ,times-,picayune2 ,james ,m4 ,?ompson1 publi%] ( ! ,item2 ,b4 ,c4 ,casanas1 presid5t ( ! ,association ( ,comm]ce2 ,l4 ,m4 ,pool1 presid5t ( ! ,m>9e ,bank2 ,j4 ,e4 ,b\d51 presid5t ( ! ,:itney-,c5tral ,bank2 ,b]n>d ,mc,closkey1 attorney2 ,frank ,b4 ,hayne1 ( ! ,cotton ,ex*ange2 ,jeff]son ,d4 ,h>d91 ( ! ,bo>d ( ,trade2 ,william ,v4 ,seeb]1 repres5tative ( ! ,n9? ,w>d2 ,m>%all ,ball>d1 editor ( ,! ,item4 ,o!rs pres5t1 ass5t+ by _! sil5ce1 includ$ ,john ,f4 ,cl>k1 presid5t1 & ,e4 ,s4 ,butl]1 memb] ( ! ,cotton ,ex*ange2 ,w4 ,horace ,williams1 ( ,d\llut ,williams ,%ipbuild+ ,company2 ,e4 ,m4 ,/af=d1 /ate s5ator2 ,c4 ,g4 ,rives ( ! ,int]/ate ,bank2 ,s4 ,t4 ,de,milt1 presid5t ( ! ,new ,orleans ,/eam%ip ,association2 ,r4 ,w4 ,dietri* ( ! ,bi5ville ,w>eh\se ,corporation2 ,edg> ,b4 ,/]n1 ,milton ,boylan1 ,w4 ,h4 ,byrnes1 ,j4 ,c4 ,hamilton1 & ab\t ?irty o!r repres5tative bus9ess & pr(essional m54 ,mayor ,behrman1 ,john ,t4 ,banville1 presid5t ( ! ,brew]y ,work]s' ,union1 & ,george ,w4 ,moore1 presid5t ( ! ,build+ ,trades ,c\ncil1 at a subsequ5t meet+1 gave _! endorsem5t4 ,) only "o diss5t+ voice1 ^! meet+s 7 unanim\s t ! ,indu/rial ,canal mu/ be complet$ at all co/s2 t )\t x1 ! gr[? ( ! city w\ld be s]i\sly int]rupt$4 ,! "o prote/ 0 by ! ,s\!rn ,realty & ,securities ,company4 ,x 0 made ,octob] #bc aga9/ ! ,levee ,bo>d's und]writ+ ! int]e/ on ! new bond issue4 ,on t date ! ,levee ,bo>d unanim\sly vot$ to gu>antee ^! int]e/ *>ges1 am\nt+ to #cge1jjj a ye>4 ,?is br+s ! total be+ paid by t body out ( direct taxation to #ibe1jjj4jj a ye>4 ,! o!r #ej1jjj is paid by ! ,public ,belt ,railroad4 ,to provide a leeway aga9/ ! eng9e]'s e/imates1 ! ,dock ,bo>d made provision = a bond issue ( #g1ejj1jjj1 b actually issu$ only #e1jjj1jjj wor?4 ,?is 0 tak5 by ! same syndicate ( bank]s t _h tak5 ! previ\s issues1 b ?is "t !y paid p>4 ,t 0 a po9t on :i* ,presid5t ,hudson _h insi/$4 ,! contract 0 accept$ ,decemb] #aj1 #aiai4 ,& ! "w w5t on1 ) e ef=t conc5trat$ on economical con/ruction4 ,,siphon ,,& ,,bridges4 ,z an incid5t 9 ! "w ( build+ ! ,indu/rial ,canal1 x 0 necess>y to create a disappe>+ riv]4 ,?is is ! fam\s siphon--! quadruple passage ( concrete t w c>ry ! city's dra9age und]nea? ! %ipway4 ,x is "o ( ! l>ge/ /ructures ( its k9d 9 ! c\ntry4 ,a ^w ab\t ,new ,orleans' dra9age problem4 ,! city is ! b[l ( a di%1 ( :i* ! levees aga9/ riv] & lake are ! rim4 ,!re is no natural dra9age4 ,! ra9fall is ne>ly five feet a ye>1 conc5trat$ at times1 ^u ! ?\s& miles ( /reets1 into cl\dbur/s ( f\r in*es an h\r & t5 in*es 9 a day4 ,9 ! boyhood ( m5 n[ 9 _! e>ly ?irties x 0 a regul> ?+ = ! city to be flood$ aft] a heavy ra94 ,to meet ! situation1 ,new ,orleans has con/ruct$ ! greate/ dra9age sy/em 9 ! _w4 ,!re are six pump+ /ations on ! ea/ side ( ! riv]1 connect$ ) ea* o!r by canals1 & ) a dis*>ge capacity ( m ?an #aj1jjj cubic feet a second4 ,! sev5 billion gallons ( wat] t ^! pumps c move a day w\ld fill a lake "o mile squ>e & ?irty-five feet deep4 ,?ree ( ! canals empty into ,lake ,pont*>tra91 ! f\r?1 ! ,florida ,walk ,canal1 into ,bay\ ,bi5v5u1 :i* leads into ,lake ,borgne1 an arm ( ,pont*>tra94 ,because ( ?is dra9age contam9ation1 ! lake %ore front ( ,new ,orleans has be5 held back 9 its developm5t4 ,yet x is an ideal site = a suburb--on a beautiful body ( wat]1 & j half a doz5 miles f ! bus9ess di/rict4 ,s ! ,sew]age & ,wat] ,bo>d has be5 plann+ ultimately to turn ! city's entire dra9age into ,bay\ ,bi5v5u1 a /ream ) swamps on bo? sides1 runn+ into a lake surr\nd$ by m>%4 ,! ,indu/rial ,canal crosses ! ,florida ,walk dra9age canal4 ,?is made x necess>y to build ! inv]t$ siphon4 ,a siphon1 9 ! ord9>y s5se1 is a b5t tube1 "o section ( :i* is long] ?an ! o!r1 ?r\gh :i* a liquid fl[s by its own weight ov] an elevation to a l[] level4 ,b siphon "h is an eng9e]+ t]m to describe a *annel t goes "u an ob/ruction--! canal--& returns ! wat] to its =m] level4 ,l ! fam\s riv]s t drop into ! e>? & appe> aga9 miles fur!r on1 ! ,florida dra9age canal approa*es to )9 a hundr$ or s feet ( ! ,indu/rial ,canal1 !n dives =ty feet und]gr\nd1 passes b5ea? ! %ipway1 & comes to ! surface on ! o!r side1 9 front ( ! pump+ /ation1 :i* lifts x into ,bay\ ,bi5v5u4 ,at fir/ x 0 plann$ to build a comp>atively small siphon1 b :ile ! plans 7 be+ drawn1 ,new ,orleans ent]$ ^u its trem5d\s developm5t4 ,! eng9e]s ?rew away _! bluepr9ts & began ov] aga94 ,!y design$ "o t is capable ( h&l+ ! entire dra9age ( ! city4 ,& 9 ,april1 #aibj1 x 0 f9i%$--a "w ( /eel & concrete & ma*9]y1 co/+ ne>ly ?ree-qu>t]s ( a million doll>s1 & ) a capacity ( #b1jjj cubic feet ( wat] a second1 #g1bjj1jjj an h\r1 #agb1hjj1jjj a day4 ,x 0 a "w t pres5t$ _m difficulties4 ,fir/ ! ,florida ,walk canal _h to be clos$ by two c(f]dams4 ,! space betwe5 0 pump$ out1 ! excavation 0 made1 & ! driv+ ( f\ndation pil+ begun4 ,quicks&s gave mu* tr\ble4 ,!y fl[$ into ! cut1 until !y 7 /opp$ ) %eet pil+4 ,! piles 7 f #cj to #fj feet 9 l5g? & f ?ree to five feet ap>t on c5t]s4 ,=ty-six feet bel[ ! gr\nd surface 7-#bf ,cairo datum7 0 laid ! concrete floor ( ! siphon4 ,! siphon is divid$ into f\r comp>tm5ts4 ,!re are two /orm *amb]s1 measur+ #aj by #ac feet ea*1 "o normal wea!r *amb] measur+ #d by #aj feet1 & "o public utilities duct1 measur+ #f by #aj feet4 ,^! are inside dim5sions4 ,! floor ( ! siphon is two feet ?ick2 ! ro(1 "o foot n9e in*es4 ,! :ole /ructure is a solid piece ( concrete & capable ( /&+ a pressure ( m ?an #b1jjj p\nds to ! squ>e foot4 ,its total l5g? is #cgh feet2 ! %ipway pass+ ov] x is #aje feet wide & #cj feet deep4 ,9 ! public utilities duct are c>ri$ ! city's wat] pipes1 cables1 telephone & telegraph wires1 & gas ma9s4 ,! /orm *amb]s w h&le ! ra9fall ( cl\dbur/s4 ,9 ord9>y wea!r ! wat] w be conc5trat$ ?r\gh ! small] *amb]1 9 ord] to produce a /rong fl[ & r$uce ! settlem5t ( s$im5t to a m9imum4 ,eight sluice gates1 ea* #f by #aj feet1 op5 or close ! wat] *amb]s4 ,!y are op]at$ by hydraulic cyl9d]s ( ! mo/ approv$ type4 ,= s5d+ workm5 inside ! siphon to make repairs or cle>+ away an ob/ruction !re are eight manholes4 ,f\r measure #f by #ac feet1 two #f by #f feet1 & two #f by #d feet4 ,z soon z ! ,florida ,walk canal c be deep5$ & a few l9k-ups 9 ! dra9age sy/em c be made1 ! entire dra9age ( ,new ,orleans1 9 normal wea!r & dur+ light /orms1 w1 accord+ to ann\ncem5t by ! ,sew]age & ,wat] ,bo>d1 be s5t ?r\gh ?is outlet4 ,dur+ ! occasional cl\dbur/s x w be necess>y to s5d "s ( ! dra9age into ! lake1 b ?is w be rapidly fl[+ wat] & w sweep (f%ore4 ,x means a great deal to ! suburban developm5t ( ! city4 ,a ye> & a half ! siphon 0 9 ! mak+4 ,prep>ations = ! /ructure co/ m ?an #bej1jjj--;excavation f\ndation1 etc4 ,! concrete alone co/ #agj1jjj4 ,ma*9]y & ! "w ( h\s+ & in/all+ x co/ #fj1jjj m4 ,f\r bascule /eel bridges n[ cross ! ,indu/rial ,canal4 ,!y are ! l>ge/ 9 ! city4 ,?ree ( !m--at ,florida ,walk1 = ! ,s\!rn & ,public ,belt ,railways2 ,g5tilly1 = ! ,l\isville ,na%ville2 & on ! lake front1 = ! ,s\!rn1 weigh #a1fjj1jjj p\nds ea*--sup]/ructure only4 ,! f\r?--at ! lock--weighs #a1jjj1jjj p\nds4 ,!y are balanc$ by #hjj-ton concrete blocks & concrete adju/m5t blocks4 ,_! extreme l5g? is #afj feet2 ! mov+ leaf has a span ( #aag feet4 ,) a #cj-;foot "r ( way = railroad tracks1 #aa feet = vehicles & trolley c>s & f\r feet = p$e/rians1 !y are design$ to meet traffic conditions ( a great & gr[+ city4 ,!y w support #ej-ton /reet c>s or #ae-ton road roll]s--,new ,orleans has no?+ z heavy z t n[--& tra9s a great deal heavi] ?an are n[ com+ to ! city4 ,no bridge 9 ! ,s\? w support z heavy loads4 ,! t5sile /r5g? ( ! /eel ( :i* ! bridges are con/ruct$ is f #ee1jjj to #he1jjj p\nds to ! squ>e in*1 & !y w be> a w9d load ( #bj p\nds to ! squ>e in* ( expos$ surface4 ,!y are op]at$ by two #ge-;horse p[] electric motors1 #ddj volts1 #fj-;cycle1 #c-phase curr5t1 :i* is /epp$ d[n f #b1bjj volts by means ( trans=m]s4 ,9 addition1 !re is a #cf-;horse p[] gasol9e eng9e1 to be us$ if ! electrical equipm5t is out ( ord]4 ,to op5 or close ! bridges w require a m9ute & a half4 ,,! ,,rem>kable ,,lock4 ,n only is ! lock ( ! ,indu/rial ,canal "o ( ! l>ge/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b its con/ruction solv$ a soil problem t 0 ?\ght impossible4 ,t ( ! ,panama ,canal is simple 9 comp>ison4 ,! design is unique 9 _m respects4 ,! lock is a monum5t to ! p[] ( ,man ov] ! =ces ( ,nature1 & to ! progress ( a community t w n say die4 ,because ( ! great v>iation 9 ! level ( ! riv] at l[ & high wat]--a matt] ( tw5ty feet--x 0 necess>y to make ! excavation1 = build+ ! lock1 ab\t fifty feet deep4 ,9 solid soil ?is w\ld be a simple matt]4 ,b ?is gr\nd has be5 made by ! gradual deposit ( ,mississippi ,riv] silt ^u :at 0 orig9ally ! s&y b$ ( ! ocean1 & ?r\gh ^! deposits run /rata ( wat]-be>+ s&1 or quicks&4 ,?is fl[s into a cut & causes ! banks to cave & slide into ! excavation4 ,und]nea? !re is a pressure ( m>% gas1 :i*1 ) ! pressure ( ! collaps+ banks1 squeezes ! deep] lay]s ( quicks& upw>ds1 creat+ boils & bl[+ up ! bottom4 ,new ,orleans has _h pl5ty ( exp]i5ces ) ^! fl[+ s&s 9 its %all[ sew]age excavations4 ,h[1 !n1 expect to make an excavation fifty feet deep8 ask$ ! d\bt+ ,?omases4 ,x c\ldn't be done4 ,! quicks&s w\ld fl[ 9 too fa/4 ,! dr$ges w\ld dra9 ! surr\nd+ subsoil1 b t w\ldn't get beyond a c]ta9 dep?4 ,fur!rmore1 :at assurance 0 !re t ! soil t f> d[n w\ld supply suffici5t friction to hold ! piles necess>y to su/a9 ! enorm\s weight ( ! lock & ! %ips pass+ ?r\gh x8 ,undaunt$ by ^! croak+s1 ! eng9e]s1 f te/ bor+s1 calculat$ ! slid+ & fl[+ "* ( ! soil1 & e/imat$ ! v>i\s pressures t w\ld h to be c\nt]act$1 balanc$ ?is ) ! hold+ p[] ( p9e & /eel & concrete1 evolv$ a plan1 & began an excavation ( a hole #cej feet wide by #a1ejj feet long1 gradually slop+ ! cut 7#a to #d ratio7 to a c5t] :]e ! lock1 #a1jbj by #aej feet1 outside dim5sions1 0 to be built4 ,illu/ration3 ,,inn] ,,h>bor--,,navigation ,,canal ,lock & ,vic9ity ,! g5tle slope ( ! cut 0 to prev5t slides4 ,x _h be5 asc]ta9$ t ! fir/ /ratum ( quicks& began tw5ty-eight feet bel[ ! gr\nd surface 7-#c ,cairo datum7 & 0 ?ree feet ?ick2 ! second /ratum1 =ty-eight feet bel[ ! surface 7-#bc ,cairo datum7 & t5 feet ?ick4 ,co>s] s& ext5d$ elev5 feet bel[ ?is1 f -#cc ,cairo datum4 ,! second /ratum ( fl[+ s& began j bel[ :]e ! lock floor _h to be laid4 ,! ?ird lay] 0 #hj feet bel[ ! surface 7-#ee ,cairo datum72 ! tips ( ! pil+ w\ld j miss x4 ,excavation began 9 ,novemb]1 #aiah4 ,:ile ! dr$ges 7 at "w a wood5 %eet pil+ c(f]dam 0 driv5 completely ar\nd ! lock1 & ab\t #abe feet f ! edge ( ! bank1 to cut (f ! fir/ quicks& /ratum4 ,ab\t #aej feet fur!r 91 :5 ! excavation 0 well advanc$1 a second r+ ( %eet pil+ 0 driv51 to cut (f ! second /ratum1 :i* c>ri$ a /atic pressure ( #ee feet & 0 j a foot or s bel[ :]e ! floor ( ! lock w\ld be4 ,x 0 n ?\ght necess>y to cut (f ! ?ird /ratum4 ,! excavation 0 made 9 ! wet4 ,:5 x 0 f9i%$ ! dr$ges mov$ back into ! ,canal1 ! entrance clos$1 & ! "w ( unwat]+ ! lock site began4 ,?is 0 9 ,april1 #aiai4 ,!re _h nev] be5 su* a deep cut made 9 ?is section4 ,consequ5tly1 ! "* ( ! soil1 :ile x c\ld be e/imat$1 c\ld n be kn[n absolutely4 ,& ! exact pressure ( ! gas c\ld n be kn[n4 ,! s&s prov$ to be m liquid & ! gas pressure /rong] ?an anticipat$4 ,quicks&s ran ?r\gh ! %eet pil+ z ?r\gh a sieve4 ,! walls ( ! excavation began to sl\gh & cave4 ,! gas pressure became al>m+ :5 ! weight ( e>? & wat] 0 tak5 (f2 s& boils began to develop at ! bottom2 ! floor ( ! cut 0 bl[+ up4 ,! fate ( ! ,indu/rial ,canal hung 9 ! scale4 ,to meet ! situation ! eng9e]s pump$ a great volume ( wat] into ! excavation4 ,its weight c\nt]balanc$ ! e>? pressure ( ! side & ! gas pressure ( ! bottom4 ,!n ano!r r+ ( %eet pil+ 0 driv5 inside ! o!r two4 ,?is "o 0 ( /eel1 & ! walls 7 brac$ ap>t by wood5 beams t5 in*es squ>e & fifte5 feet ap>t 9 bo? directions4 ,?is is "o ( ! l>ge/ c(f]dams ( /eel ev] driv54 ,z an add$ precaution aga9/ ! dang] ( a bl[\t by ! ?ird /ratum ( quicks&1 :i* _h a /atic head ( #ge feet1 #acj t5-in* artesian wells 7 driv5 inside ! /eel c(f]dam4 ,fifty-six simil> wells 7 driv5 betwe5 ! /eel & ! wood5 c(f]dams to dry out ! second /ratum ( quicks&1 z mu* z possible1 & less5 its fl[+ "*4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #aiai1 ! "w ( unwat]+ ! lock site aga9 began4 ,only "o foot e o!r day 0 tak5 (f4 ,eng9e]s wat*$ e timb]4 ,x 0 n until ,janu>y #d1 #aibj1 t ! unwat]+ 0 complete4 ,! plan _h work$4 ,only 9 "o place _h !re be5 any movem5t--a section ( ! wood5 %eet pil+ ab\t #cjj feet long bulg$ =w>d a maximum di/ance ( ?ree in*es1 :5 ! brac+ caught & /opp$ x4 ,!n began ! "w ( driv+ ! #bd1jjj piles on :i* ! lock 0 to be float$4 ,!y are #fj feet long & _! tips are #ajj feet bel[ ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,9 ,m>*1 #aibj1 ! "w ( lay+ ! concrete began4 ,! "w 0 done 9 #ae-;foot sections1 = only a few ( ! braces c\ld be mov$ at "o "t4 ,:5 x 0 f9i%$ 9 ,april1 #aiba1 ! lock 0 9 "o piece1 a solid mass ( /eel & /one1 #a1jbj feet long1 #aej feet wide1 & #fh feet high1 weigh+1 ) its gates & ma*9]y1 #bbe1jjj tons1 & fill$ ) wat]1 #cej1jjj tons4 ,! concrete floor ( ! lock is #i to #ab feet ?ick1 ! walls #ac feet wide at ! bottom1 decreas+ to a two foot wid? at ! top4 ,six ?\s& tons ( re9=c+ /eel 7 us$ 9 ! con/ruction1 & #abe1jjj b>rels ( cem5t4 ,!re are #ij1jjj cubic y>ds ( concrete 9 ! /ructure4 ,two & a half million feet ( lumb] 7 us$ 9 build+ ! =ms4 ,usable dim5sions ( ! lock are #fdj feet long1 #ge feet wide1 & #cj feet 7at m9imum l[ wat] ( ! riv]7 deep4 ,! top ( ! lock is #bj feet above ! natural gr\nd surface & #f feet above ! highe/ /age ( ! ,mississippi ,riv] on record4 ,to ! top ! gr\nd w be slop$ on a #aej-;foot s]ies ( t]races4 ,?is w brace ! walls aga9/ ! pressure ( wat] )9 ! monoli?4 ,x w be develop$ to a beautiful p>k4 ,heavy an*or-columns ( concrete w hold ! walls aga9/ ! pressure ( ^! artificial hills :5 ! lock is empty4 ,traffic crosses ! canal "h by a /eel bascule bridge #fe feet wide1 ) two railroad & two /reet c> tracks1 two vehicle roadways1 & two ways = p$e/rians4 ,concrete viaducts lead to ! bridge4 ,gas & wat] ma9s1 sew] pipes & telephone1 telegraph & electric wires pass "u ! lock 9 conduits ca/ 9 ! liv+ concrete4 ,wat] is admitt$ into & dra9$ f ! lock by culv]ts ca/ 9 ! base4 ,^! are #h by #aj feet1 n>r[+ at ! op5+ to #h by #h feet1 & clos$ by #h sluice gates1 ea* op]at$ by a #eb-;horsep[] electric motor4 ,x w be possible to fill or empty ! lock 9 t5 m9utes4 ,!re are five sets ( gates to ! lock4 ,!y are built ( /eel plates & roll$ %apes1 f\r & a half feet ?ick & weigh+ #bjj tons ea*4 ,& !re is an em]g5cy dam weigh+ #gbj tons1 :i* 9 case ( necessity c be us$ z a gate4 ,f\r pairs ( ! gates are ( #ee-;foot size2 "o ( #db-;foot4 ,ea* gate is op]at$ by a #eb-;horsep[] electric motor4 ,:5 op51 ! gates fit flu% into ! walls ( ! locks4 ,9 ! em]g5cy dam is ! ref9em5t ( precaution--design$ z x 0 to save ! city f ov]fl[ 9 ! remote ev5t ( ! lock gates fail+ to "w dur+ high wat]1 & to insure ! un9t]rupt$ op]ation ( ! lock 9 normal times1 if ! gates %\ld be sprung by a %ip1 or o!rwise put out ( commission4 ,?is dam consi/s ( eight gird]s or sections1 #hj feet long1 #c feet wide & #f feet high4 ,!y weigh #ij tons ea*4 ,!y are kept on a plat=m ne> ! riv] end ( ! lock4 ,ne>by is ! crane ) a #cjj-;horsep[] motor1 t picks up ^! gird]s & drops !m into ! slots 9 ! walls ( ! lock4 ,to set ?is em]g5cy dam is ! "w ( an h\r4 ,a %ip pass+ ?r\gh ! lock w n proce$ "u h] own p[]4 ,!re are six cap/ans1 two at ea* end ( ! lock & two at ! middle1 ea* op]at$ by a #eb-;horsep[] electric motor1 & capable ( develop+ a pull ( #ce1jjj p\nds1 :i* w "w ! vessels ?r\gh4 ,! lock complete1 c\nt+ ! bridge & approa*es1 co/ #g1ejj1jjj4 ,"o & a half million ( ?is is = ma*9]y1 & #ef1jjj = ! approa*es4 ,h5ry ,goldm>k1 ! ,new ,york eng9e] :o design$ ! gates ( ! ,panama ,canal & ! ,new ,orleans ,indu/rial ,canal1 9 a lett] ( ,m>* #bd1 #aiba1 to ! eng9e]+ dep>tm5t ( ! ,dock ,bo>d1 comm5ts z foll[s on ! rem>kable lock3 ,i 0 mu* impress$ by ! uni=mly high grade ( con/ruction ( ! lock1 ! sy/ematic & en]getic way 9 :i* ! "w 0 be+ c>ri$ on1 & especially by ! admirable _s ( team "w1 %[n by ! employees ( ! ,dock ,bo>d1 ( diff]5t grades1 z well z ! contractors1 sup]9t5d5ts & =em54 ,! desire to get ! be/ possible results 9 all ! details1 at ! lea/ co/1 0 manife/ ?r\gh\t4 ,! unique me?od us$ = c>ry+ on ! v difficult & risky "w ( excavation has attract$ mu* pr(essional att5tion 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,its successful completion is v cr$itable to all conc]n$1 9 ! inception & c>ry+ out ( ! me?od us$4 ,! concrete "w gives ! impression ( lightness1 z well z /r5g?1 z ?\gh e y>d ( concrete 0 do+ its special %>e ( ! "w )\t ov]/ra9+1 :i* is1 ( c\rse1 ! *>act]i/ic ( well-design$ re9=c$ masonry4 ,! out] surfaces are p>ticul>ly smoo? & well f9i%$1 m s ?an 9 any "w ,i h rec5tly se54 ,! erection ( ! gates1 valves1 op]at+ ma*9]y & ! protective dam1 has kept up closely ) ! concrete "w1 s t no delays ne$ be appreh5d$ at ! close ( ! con/ruction p]iod4 ,! %op & field "w 9 ! lock gates is excell5t4 ,! rivet holes mat* well & ! rivet heads appe> to be tight & well =m$4 ,! gate leaves seem v /raight & true4 ,! lock 0 design$ by ,george ,m4 ,wells ( ! ,george ,w4 ,goe?als ,company1 assi/$ by ,r4 ,o4 ,com]1 design+ eng9e] ( ! ,dock ,bo>d1 & approv$ by ,g5]al ,goe?als4 ,! me?ods employ$ to unwat] ! lock 7 devis$ by ,mr4 ,wells4 ,j4 ,dev]eux ,o',reilly1 *ief eng9e] ( ! ,dock ,bo>d1 to ,novemb]1 #aiai1 _h *>ge ( ! details ( in/all+ ! unwat]+ & safety devices4 ,he 0 succe$$ by ,g5]al ,arsne ,p]rilliat1 :o sup]vis$ ! f9al unwat]+ process4 ,^u 8 dea? 9 ,octob]1 #aibj1 he 0 succe$$ by ,j4 ,f4 ,coleman ,company1 9 *>ge ( ! eng9e]+ dep>tm5t1 & ,h4 ,m4 ,gallagh]1 *ief eng9e]1 "u :om "w is be+ br\ght to a conclusion4 ,f fir/ to la/1 ,tiley ,s4 ,mc,chesney1 assi/ant secret>y & treasur] ( ! ,dock ,bo>d1 r5d]$ intellig5t & invaluable s]vice1 ga!r+ toge!r & hold+ ! ?reads ( ! ent]prise1 & att5d+ promptly to ! multitude ( details connect$ ) ! prosecution ( ! "w4 ,! lock 0 =mally d$icat$ ,may #b1 #aiba--;a c]emony t 0 ! feature ( ! ,mississippi ,valley ,association's conv5tion 9 ,new ,orleans4 ,) ! dr$g+ ( ! *annel betwe5 ! riv] & ! lock1 a "w t %\ld be f9i%$ be=e ,janu>y1 #aibb1 %ips w be able to pass f ! ,mississippi into ,lake ,pont*>tra94 ,!n ,new ,orleans c plan its next great developm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cross ,,section ,,( ,,lock ,illu/ration3 ,,cross ,,section ,,( ,,siphon ,,new ,,*annel ,,to ,,! ,,gulf4 ,george ,m4 ,wells1 ,george ,r4 ,goe?als1 son ( ! ,g5]al1 ,colonel ,e4 ,j4 ,d5t1 ,u4,s4 di/rict eng9e] at ,new ,orleans1 & o!r eng9e]s :o h /udi$ ! problem1 say t ! dr$g+ ( a *annel f ! ,indu/rial ,canal to ! gulf ?r\gh ,lake ,pont*>tra91 or ! m>%es1 is feasible1 comp>atively *eap1 & ma9t5ance w\ld be simple4 ,?is w\ld %ort5 ! di/ance f ,new ,orleans to ! sea by ab\t #ej miles1 & w\ld be a va/ sav+ = %ips4 ,x is "o ( ! objects t[>ds :i* ! ,hudson ,dock ,bo>d is work+4 ,x is ,uncle ,sam's recogniz$ duty to develop & ma9ta9 h>bors & *annels to ! sea4 ,di/ance is obvi\sly an important factor2 fur!rmore1 ! propos$ new outlet w\ld be an important l9k 9 ! ,intracoa/al ,canal1 connect+ ) ! ,w>rior ,riv] section ( ,alabama1 :i* ! gov]nm5t is develop+ betwe5 ! ,atlantic & ,gulf ,coa/s4 ,a bill 0 introduc$ 9 ! ,s5ate 9 #aibj by ,s5ator ,ransdell ( ,l\isiana1 provid+ = ! developm5t ( ! propos$ *annel2 x 0 n press$ because ! canal 0 f> f complet$4 ,h[ev]1 e ef=t w be made by ! ,dock ,bo>d f n[ on to h ,uncle ,sam take hold4 ,colonel ,d5t has = a numb] ( mon?s be5 /udy+ ! feasible r\tes4 ,he1 by ! way1 is ?or\ghly conv9c$ ( ! value ( ! ,indu/rial ,canal to ! developm5t ( ,new ,orleans1 & ! comm]ce ( ! nation1 & has s express$ himself 9 public4 ,! ,pont*>tra9 r\te has be5 laid (f1 by eng9e]s1 beg9n+ at ! ,canal1 p>allel+ ! s\? %ore ( ! ,lake ,pont*>tra9 to ! s\? draw ( ! ,s\!rn ,railway bridge1 !nce to ! ,rigolets to ,cat ,isl& ,pass1 f !re to ,cat ,isl& ,*annel & s to ! deep wat] ( ! ,gulf1 a total di/ance ( #ge miles4 ,s\nd+s & surface prob+s h be5 tak5 at frequ5t int]vals ov] ! entire r\te4 ,^! h %[n ! eng9e]s ! foll[+3 ,?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile f ! s\? %ore ( ! lake1 & z f> z ! railroad drawbridge1 a h>d bottom is f\nd4 ,! mat]ial is pr9cipally pack$ s&1 r f9e1 ) a small am\nt ( clay1 & occasionally "s brok5 %ells4 ,beyond ?is di/ance f ! %ore1 ! bottom is s(t]1 consi/+ ( mud mix$ ) s&4 ,f ! bridge ov] ! rema9d] ( ! r\te1 ! bottom1 ) ! exception ( a few s& pockets1 is s(t--a blue mud ) a l>ge p]c5tage ( s&4 ,?is s(t mat]ial has s mu* t5acity1 h[ev]1 t curr5t & wave wa%1 :i* t5d to fill up artificially dr$g$ *annels1 w\ld affect only ! surface4 ,! gov]nm5t is conduct+ l>ge dr$g+ op]ations 9 ,mobile ,bay1 ,gulfport ,*annel1 ,at*afalaya ,bay & ! ,h\/on ,%ip ,*annel4 ,an outl9e ( ! results !re w %[ h[ feasible ! dr$g+ ( ! ,pont*>tra9 ,*annel w\ld be1 & h[ mu* *eap] 9 comp>ison4 ,! *annel connect+ ,mobile ,bay ) ! ,gulf ( ,mexico has a bottom v s(t = ! mo/ "p1 & ) a small p]c5tage ( s&4 ,t[>ds ! out] end1 ! mat]ial is black mud1 ab\t equal 9 consi/5cy to ! s(te/ mat]ial f\nd 9 ! ,pont*>tra9 r\te4 ,a s\nd+ pole ) a #d-;in* disc on ! end c be easily pu%$ ?ree or f\r feet into ! mud & pull$ out aga94 ,wave & curr5t action cause ! *annel to %oal at ! rate ( #gh1jjj to #acb1jjj cubic y>ds p] mile p] ye>1 dep5d+ on ! s(tness ( ! bottom & ! dep?4 ,:]e ! highe/ rate obta9s1 ! surr\nd+ mat]ial consi/s ( s(t mud1 )\t a trace ( s&4 ,exp]i5ce %[s t :]e !re is a fair p]c5tage ( s& 9 ! mat]ial adjac5t to ! *annel b$1 ! %oal+ is less5$4 ,9 g5]al1 ! mat]ial along ! ,pont*>tra9 r\te conta9s a great] p]c5tage ( s& & is f> m t5aci\s ?an t along ! ,mobile ,bay ,*annel4 ,fur!rmore1 ! ,pont*>tra9 r\te is n expos$ to su* /rong cross curr5ts4 ,! ,gulfport ,*annel is dr$g$ ?r\gh v s(t mat]ial1 a grayi%-blue mud ( oozy consi/5cy1 into :i* ! s\nd+ pole p5etrates six feet ) v little ex]tion4 ,on top1 a small am\nt ( s& is f\nd1 b practically none 9 ! l[] /ratum4 ,! mat]ial is consid]ably s(t] ?an any enc\nt]$ on ! ,pont*>tra9 r\te1 except = "o small /ret*4 ,yet ! %oal+ is n great4 ,:]e ! %oal+ is heavie/1 betwe5 ! end ( ! pi] & ,beacon #aj1 only ab\t #gjj1jjj cubic y>ds a mile has to be dr$g$ out e ye> to ma9ta9 ! *annel4 ,f ,beacon #aj out1 ! av]age annual ma9t5ance is less ?an #bjj1jjj cubic y>ds a mile4 ,except = ! f\r-mile /ret* we/ ( ! inn] entrance to ! ,cat ,isl& ,*annel1 ! bottom1 on ! ,pont*>tra9 r\te1 is h>d] ?an t ( ! ,gulfport ,*annel4 ,!re=e1 x is reasonable to conclude t ! ma9t5ance ( ! ,pont*>tra9 ,*annel w\ld n av]age z high z ! out] portion ( ! ,gulfport ,*annel4 ,! ,at*afalaya ,bay ,%ip ,*annel1 ext5d+ f ! m\? ( ! ,at*afalaya ,riv] across ! %oal wat]s ( ,at*afalaya ,bay1 to ab\t ! #bj-;foot cont\r ( ! ,gulf1 a di/ance ( fifte5 miles1 is ?r\gh a mat]ial ( slu%y mud1 ) occasional ?9 pockets ( s&4 ,! %oal+ runs f #edj1jjj to #a1fhj1jjj cubic y>ds a mile a ye>4 ,! highe/ rate is obta9$ 9 %all[ wat]4 ,except 9 ! /ret* m5tion$1 ! mat]ial on ! ,pont*>tra9 r\te is n z s(t z on ! ,at*afalaya1 nor are ! dep?s z %oal1 nor is !re ! exposure to cross curr5ts4 ,9 ! ,h\/on ,%ip ,*annel1 ! mat]ial is compos$ ( s(t mud ) a small am\nt ( s&4 ,a two-mile /ret* ?r\gh ,r$ ,fi% ,reef is practically self-ma9ta9+4 ,= ! rema9d] ( ! *annel1 dur+ ! six ye>s f #aiae to #aibj1 a total excavation ( #ac1egd1jjj cubic y>ds 0 necess>y to ma9ta9 ! dep?4 ,?is is equival5t to #ajj1jjj cubic y>ds a mile a ye>4 ,9 summ>y1 !n3 #a4 ,! ,lake ,pont*>tra9 r\te is practically unexpos$ to cross curr5ts1 z is ! case ) ! ,mobile ,bay1 ,gulfport1 ,at*afalaya1 &1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ! out] portion ( ! ,h\/on ,%ip ,*annels4 #b4 ,! mat]ial along & on ! sides ( ! ,pont*>tra9 r\te is1 ) ! exception ( a small /ret*1 m t5aci\s1 & conta9s1 9 g5]al1 a great] proportion ( s& ?an 9 ! case ( ! neighbor+ *annels m5tion$4 ,! *annel c\ld !re=e be m easily ma9ta9$4 ,eng9e]s e/imate t a *annel ) a #cjj-;foot bottom w\ld be ne$$4 ,on ! s\? %ore ( ! lake1 ! side slopes %\ld be on ! #a to #c ratio1 ) provision = a #a to #e ratio at ! end ( five ye>s4 ,dump$ on %ore1 ! mat]ial w\ld reclaim consid]able frontage1 & elim9ate ! re-deposit ( ?is mat]ial 9 ! *annel4 ,?r\gh ! rema9d] ( ! r\te1 ! orig9al excavation %\ld be made ) side slopes on ! #a to #e ratio1 ) provision made = a #a to #aj ratio 9 five ye>s4 ,! dr$g+ ( ! #ge miles ( ! ,pont*>tra9 ,*annel w\ld am\nt to #ig1bjj1jjj cubic y>ds1 x is e/imat$ by eng9e]s4 ,! co/ w\ld be ar\nd #aj1jjj1jjj4 ,! annual ma9t5ance1 dur+ ! fir/ five ye>s1 w\ld am\nt to #h1hhj1jjj cubic y>ds--an e/imate bas$ on a comp>ison ) ! o!r *annels into ! ,gulf1 & ! "* ( ! mat]ial to be excavat$4 ,?is e/imate is consid]$ l>ge--b ev5 at t1 x is only #aah1djj cubic y>ds a mile a ye>1 & ! co/ w\ld be ab\t #gej1jjj1 accord+ to ,colonel ,d5t4 ,aft] five ye>s1 x w\ld be less4 ,ano!r propos$ r\te1 inve/igat$ by ,colonel ,d5t1 is ?r\gh ,lake ,borgne4 ,a canal "s miles 9 l5g?1 ?r\gh ! m>%1 w\ld connect ! lake ) ! ,indu/rial ,canal4 ,?is r\te has consid]able ma9t5ance advantages ov] ! ,pont*>tra9 r\te4 ,! "* ( ! bottom 9 ,borgne is m or less ! same z 9 ,pont*>tra94 ,soon] or lat]1 "o ( ^! *annels w be built by ! gov]nm5t4 ,t x has n already be5 begun is due to ! fact t ! ,canal has n yet be5 complet$1 & ! expect$ developm5t has n tak5 place4 ,b !re is no d\bt t x w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,typical ,,bridge ,,on ,,canal ,illu/ration3 ,,em]g5cy ,,dam ,,crane ,,:y ,,gov]nm5t ,,%\ld ,,op]ate ,,canal4 ,x is ! function ( ! /ate to provide port facilities 9 ! =m ( docks1 pi]s1 w>eh\ses1 gra9 elevators1 me*anical equipm5t1 etc4 ,b x is ! duty ( ! national gov]nm5t to improve h>bors1 dr$ge /reams1 dig canals = navigation & irrigation1 erect levees to protect ! back c\ntry1 & build locks & dams :5 ne$$4 ,^! are ! premises f :i* ! ,hudson ,dock ,bo>d reasons t ! co/ ( con/ruction & ma9t5ance ( ! ,new ,orleans ,navigation ,canal & ,inn] ,h>bor %\ld be assum$ by ,uncle ,sam4 ,x w leave no /one unturn$ to h him assume ! obligation4 ,! ,navigation ,canal is ess5tially a h>bor improvem5t4 ,x enables practically unlimit$ indu/rial developm5t & comm]cial int]*ange4 ,x is an important l9k 9 ! ,intracoa/al ,canal sy/em :i* ! gov]nm5t is develop+ to provide an inl& wat]way f ,bo/on1 ,mass4 to ,br[nsville1 ,tex41 &1 ) ! dr$g+ ( a *annel ?r\gh ,lake ,pont*>tra9 to ! ,gulf1 a problem :i* ,u4,s4 eng9e]s h be5 /udy+ = "s "t & an und]tak+ :i* !y h f\nd feasible1 x w put ! nation's second port ab\t fifty miles clos] to ! sea4 ,x has consid]able milit>y value4 ,its purpose is1 !re=e1 national2 ! local int]e/s are second>y4 ,x is no new pr9ciple1 ?is obligation ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,t duty has be5 recogniz$ by ,congress s9ce ! ,unit$ ,/ates 04 ,any riv]s & h>bors bill w %[ great & useful exp5diture = wat]ways improvem5t4 ,! ,panama ,canal1 built by ! gov]nm5t1 is ! greate/ example4 ,com+ clos] home1 !re is s\? pass at ! m\? ( ! ,mississippi4 ,a b>1 ) a n9e-foot dep? ( wat]1 block$ ! comm]ce ( ,new ,orleans4 ,"u ! riv]s & h>bors act ( #ahge1 ,capta9 ,james ,b4 ,eads 0 paid #h1jjj1jjj = build+ ! fam\s jetties to provide a #bf-;foot *annel4 ,s9ce !n1 ! *annel has be5 deep5$ to #cc feet4 ,9 m rec5t ye>s1 ! gov]nm5t began to improve s\?we/ pass1 ! we/]nmo/ m\? ( ! ,mississippi4 ,a n9e-foot b> 0 !re1 too4 ,to increase ! dep? to #ce feet1 ! gov]nm5t sp5t1 up to #aiai1 ab\t #ae1jjj1jjj1 & is /ill sp5d+4 ,j z ! purpose ( ! improvem5ts ( ^! *annels 0 to bridge ! di/ance f deep wat] to deep wat] says ,ar?ur ,mc,guirk1 special c\nsel ( ! ,dock ,bo>d1 9 a report ( ,febru>y #bc1 #aiba1 to ! ,bo>d1 s is ! purpose ( ! ,navigation ,canal to bridge ! di/ance f ! deep wat] ( ! riv] to ! propos$ deep wat] *annel ( ! lake4 ,9 ! annual report ( ! *ief ( eng9e]s1 ,u4,s4,a41 = ! fiscal ye> end+ ,june #cj1 #aiai1 are li/$ ! foll[+ wat]ways improvem5ts & canal developm5ts be+ made by ! ,gov]nm5t3 ,op]at+ & c>e ( canals1 #c1eif1eff4bj4 ,cape ,cod canal1 pur*ase au?oriz$1 riv] & h>bors act1 ,augu/ #h1 #aiag1 co/ n exce$+ #aj1jjj1jjj1 & enl>gem5t #e1jjj1jjj4 ,jamaica ,bay *annel1 #ejj feet wid?1 #aj feet dep?1 to be fur!r increas$ to #a1ejj feet wid? entrance *annel & #a1jjj feet int]ior *annel1 maximum dep? ( #cj feet1 l5g? ( *annel #ab miles4 ,approv$ e/imate ( co/ to ,unit$ ,/ates n to exce$ #g1dcj1jjj4 ,riv] & h>bors act ( ,june #be1 #aiaj4 ,h\se docum5t ,no4 #adhh1 #fj? ,congress4 ,ambrose *annel1 ,new ,york h>bor1 appropriation new "w & ma9t5ance1 #d1ibd1ecj4hh1 ye> end+ ,june #cj1 #aiai4 ,bay ,ridge & ,r$ ,hook *annels1 #d1dga1ajj4 ,locks & dams on ,coosa ,riv]1 ,alabama-,georgia1 #a1gjj1iah4ba4 ,*annel connect+ ,mobile ,bay & ,mississippi ,s\nd1 act ( ,june #ac1 #aijb1 orig9al project1 = con/ruction & ma9t5ance total co/ #g1hji1hab4db4 ,black ,w>rior riv]1 #ag locks1 ,mobile to ,s&]s' ,f]ry1 #ddc miles4 ,total to date1 #aj1aja1bie4ed4 ,indef9ite appropriation4 ,sab9e ,pass1 act ( ,june #ai1 #aijf & prior1 *annels1 turn+ bas9s & jetties1 ,m>* #b1 #aijg1 & previ\sly1 total appropriations1 #a1hge1ejf4gh4 ,tr9ity ,riv]1 ,galve/on1 nor?1 #cg miles locks & dams4 ,act ( ,june #ac1 #aijb1 h\se docum5t #dji1 #ef? congress4 ,e/imate co/ complete canalization ( riv]1 revis$ #aiaf1 9 addition to am\nts exp5d$ prior to riv]s & h>bors act ( ,july1 #aiaf1 9 r\nd numb]s #ac1ejj1jjj4 ,e/imat$ annual co/ ( ma9t5ance1 #bhj1jjj4 ,h\/on to ,galve/on %ip canal1 act ( ,july #be1 #aiab1 & ,july #bg1 #aiaf4 ,co/1 #c1hej1jjj4 ,annual ma9t5ance1 #cbe1jjj4 ,rock ,isl& ,rapids 7,ill47 & ,le,claire canal1 rock excavations1 etc41 act ( ,m>* #b1 #aijg1 dams1 #c locks1 etc41 to ,june #cj1 #ca1ahj1jhe4fb & #acj1aeh4jc = #a ye> ma9t5ance4 ,keokuk1 ,i[a 7=m]ly ,des ,mo9es ,rapids canal71 old project 7act ( ,june #bc1 #ahff71 #d1egd1iej4jj4 ,muscle ,%oals ,canal 7,t5nessee ,riv]71 #cf4f miles1 dep? #e feet1 #d1gdc1dhd4ej4 ,exclusive ( co/ ( nitrate plant4 ,locks & dams on ,ohio ,riv]1 act ( ,m>* #c1 #ahgi1 to act ( ,m>* #b1 #aijg1 includ+ pur*ase ( ,l\isville & ,portl& canal1 #ag1feg1bgc4gh4 ,e/imat$ co/ ( new "w1 wid5+ ,l\isville & ,portl& canal & *anges 9 dams1 #fc1gca1dhh4 ,annual ma9t5ance cov]+ only lock =ces & co/ ( repairs & r5ewals1 #haj1jjj4 ,act ( ,june #be1 #aibj1 h\se docum5t #dib1 #fe? congress1 fir/ session4 ,also act ( ,m>* #d1 #aiae1 h\se docum5t #afie1 #fd? congress1 second session4 ,%ip *annel connect+ wat]s ( great lakes1 includ+ ,/4 ,m>y's riv] 7,sault ,sa9te ,m>ie locks71 ,/4 ,clair & ,detroit riv]s1 locks & dams1 total appropriations to ,june #cj1 #aiai1 #bf1jbj1cfi4fh4 ,e/imate new "w1 #bd1jhe4 ,/4 ,clair riv]1 connect+ ,lakes ,/4 ,clair & ,erie1 %oale/ "p 0 #ab-a_/b to #ae feet4 ,improv$ at exp5se ( #ac1beb1bed4jj4 ,e/imat$ co/ ( completion1 #b1gbj1jjj4 ,niag>a riv]1 #ae1ghe1gac4jg4 ,los ,angeles & ,long ,bea* h>bor1 #d1dib1hji4hj4 ,seattle1 ,lake ,wa%+ton %ip canal1 9 city ( ,seattle1 f ,puget ,s\nd to lake2 orig9al project1 act ( ,augu/ #ah1 #ahid4 ,d\ble lock & fix$ dam4 ,l5g? ab\t #h miles4 ,total appropriation to date1 #c1cde1ejj4jj4 ,^! are only "s ( ! l>g] projects4 ,( c\rse !re are a great numb] ( su* works1 all ov] ! c\ntry1 con/ruct$ & ma9ta9$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 sometimes alone1 & aga9 by co-op]ation ) local au?orities4 ,new ,orleans 0 f\nd$ because ( ! /rategic value ( ! location1 bo? f a comm]cial & a milit>y /&po9t4 ,! p[] t holds ,new ,orleans comm&s ! ,mississippi ,valley--a fact :i* ! ,briti% recogniz$ 9 #ahab :5 !y tri$ to capture x4 ,likewise1 :5 ,f>ragut captur$ ,new ,orleans1 he broke ! backbone ( ! ,conf$]acy4 ,mr4 ,mc,guirk1 9 ! report to :i* ref]5ce has already be5 made1 discusses ! milit>y importance ( ! ,indu/rial ,canal z foll[s3 ,a %ip canal1 connect+ ! riv] & ! lake at ,new ,orleans w be a ,panama or a ,kiel canal1 9 m9iature1 & d\ble 9 effectiv5ess ! naval =ces def5d+ ! valley1 z !y may be mov$ to & fro 9 ! canal f ! riv] to ! lake4 ,on ?is l9e ( def5se heavy artill]y on mobile m\nts c be utiliz$1 9 addition to heavy %ips ( ! l9e4 ,t is to say1 j z light-draft monitors1 & ev5 floats c>ry+ high-p[]$ rifles 7 us$ effectively on ! ,belgian coa/2 on ! ,piave riv] 9 ,italy1 & on ! ,tigris 9 ,mesopotamia1 s may !y be us$ 9 ! def5se ( ! valley1 on any canal connect+ ! ,mississippi riv] & ,lake ,pont*>tra94 ,*anges are con/antly occurr+ 9 ! details ( "w ( def5se due to developm5t ( armam5t1 munitions & transport4 ,! nev]-end+ developm5t ( range & calib] has assum$ va/ importance1 p>ticul>ly ) ref]5ce to ! effect on ! protection ( cities f bomb>dm5t4 ,naval guns are n[ capable ( hurl+ projectiles to di/ances ( ov] #ej1jjj y>ds1 #bh to #cj miles4 ,= ! protection ( ! valley we %\ld h at ,new ,orleans armam5t m\nt$ on float+ plat=ms :i* w hold ! enemy beyond ! po9t :]e 8 %ells may n rea* _! objective1 & 9 ?is op]ation ! canal1 af=d+ means ( rapid transport1 w r5d] invaluable & ess5tial s]vice4 ,a c\ntry's ports are its wat]gates4 ,_! local importance is comp>atively small4 ,!y are important or n accord+ to :e!r !y are on trade r\tes1 & easily accessible4 ,an inf9itesimal "p ( ! trade t fl[s ?r\gh ,new ,orleans orig9ates or t]m9ates !re4 ,! back c\ntry gets ! bulk ( ! bus9ess4 ,! developm5t ( ! h>bor is = ! s]vice ( ! int]ior4 ,x is ess5tially national4 ,f e po9t ( view1 !re=e1 x is ! duty ( ! national gov]nm5t to take ov] ! ,navigation ,canal & release ! monies ( ! /ate s !y may be devot$ to ! improvem5t ( ! wat]way ) :>ves & o!r works 9 aid ( ! nation's comm]ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,s4 ,,new ,,orleans ,fir/ ,%ip ,laun*$ by ,d\llut ,williams ,%ipbuild+ ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,s4 ,,gau*y ,fir/ ,%ip ,laun*$ on ,canal ,,economic ,,aspect ,,( ,,canal4 ,ti$ to ! ,mississippi ,valley by ne>ly #ad1jjj miles ( navigable wat]ways1 & ! l>ge/ port on ! gulf coa/ & ! mo/ c5trally situat$ ) respect to ! ,lat9-,am]ican & ,ori5tal trade1 ,new ,orleans is naturally a m>ket ( deposit4 ,! developm5t ( ! riv] s]vice1 9 :i* ! gov]nm5t set ! pace 9 #aiah1 is re/or+ ! nor? & s\? fl[ ( comm]ce1 aft] a g5]ation ( =c$ haul ea/ & we/1 along ! l9es ( greate/ resi/ance2 & ,new ,orleans has become ! nation's second port4 ,its import & export bus9ess 9 #aibj am\nt$ to a billion doll>s4 ,n9ety p] c5t ( ! nation's weal? is produc$ 9 ! ,valley1 ( :i* ,new ,orleans is ! m>itime capital4 ,x is ! s\rce ( supply ( :eat1 corn1 sug>1 lumb]1 meat1 iron1 coal1 cotton oil1 agricultural implem5ts1 & _m o!r products4 ,x is a m>ket = ! products ( ,lat9-,am]ica & ! ,ori5t4 ,) ! co-ord9ation ( riv]1 rail & m>itime facilities1 & suffici5t space = developm5t1 x is inevitable t ,new ,orleans %\ld become a mighty manufactur+ di/rict4 ,su* ent]prises z coke ov5s1 coal by-product plants1 fl\r mills1 iron furnaces1 indu/rial *emical works1 iron & /eel roll+ mills1 %ipbuild+ & repair plants1 automobile factories & assembl+ plants1 soap works1 pack+ plants1 lumb] y>ds1 build+ mat]ial plants & y>ds1 w>eh\ses ( all k9ds1 etc41 w\ld be enc\rag$ to e/abli% "h if giv5 ! prop] facilities1 & ! ,indu/rial ,canal is ! answ] to ?is ne$1 = "u ! laws ( ,l\isiana private indu/ries c n acquire or lease prop]ty on ! riv] front4 ,ev5 be=e ! completion ( ! ,canal1 ! dream has be5 p>tly realiz$--) ! e/abli%m5t ( two l>ge %ipy>ds on ! ,canal1 :i* o!rwise w\ld h gone some:]e else1 & ! build+ ( ! army supply base on ! same wat]way1 l>gely due to ! ent]prise ( ! port4 ,z ,colonel ,e4 ,j4 ,d5t1 ,u4,s4 di/rict eng9e]1 said be=e ! memb]s' c\ncil ( ! ,association ( ,comm]ce1 ,febru>y #ag1 #aiba1 ! ,indu/rial ,canal w be ! means ( remov+ ! h&icaps on ,new ,orleans' =eign trade4 ,i hold no brief = ! ,indu/rial ,canal1 he cont9u$1 b speak+ z "o :o has no int]e/ 9 x b :o has /udi$ ! "q deeply1 ,i w say t five ye>s f n[1 if y develop ! ,indu/rial ,canal z x %\ld be develop$1 y w be wond]+ h[ on e>? y ev] got along )\t x4 ,be=e ! con/itutional conv5tion ( ,l\isiana1 on ,april #d1 #aiba1 he elaborat$ ?is ?\ght z foll[s3 ,! ,indu/rial ,canal w furni% to ,new ,orleans h] greate/ ne$4 ,x %\ld be possible to build docks !re :]e ! entire c>go = a %ip may be assembl$4 ,"u pres5t conditions 9 ! riv] x is (t5 necess>y = a %ip to g to ?ree or f\r docks to get a complete c>go4 ,la/ ye> !re pass$ ?r\gh ! port ( ,new ,orleans #aa1jjj1jjj tons ( freight valu$ at #a1ajj1jjj1jjj4 ,?is requir$ #a1jjj load$ freight c>s a day pass+ ov] ! docks1 fifte5 solid tra9loads ( freight ea* day4 ,! inb\nd freight 0 ab\t #e1jjj1jjj tons & ! outb\nd ab\t #f1jjj1jjj4 ,?is is extraord9>ily well balanc$ = any port 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is w\ld mean ab\t #e1jjj /eam]s ( an av]age capacity ( #b1jjj tons4 ,! prop] place to assemble a c>go is on ! docks4 ,la/ ye> ! ,dock ,bo>d all[$ b sev5 days = assembl+ ! c>go = a %ip--only sev5 days = assembl+ #bej c>loads ( /uff4 ,!n la/ ye> ! ,dock ,bo>d w\ld n assign a %ip a b]? until x 0 )9 ! jetties4 ,^! are "s ( ! difficulties4 ,:at ,new ,orleans ne$s is #ej to #ajj p] c5t m facilities = h] port4 ,la/ summ] ! port ( ,new ,orleans 0 conge/$1 b %e held h] own because o!r ports 7 conge/$4 ,b t may n occur aga94 ,if y want to hold y\r own y mu/ improve y\r facilities4 ,:>ves c be built a great deal *eap] on ! fix$-level canal1 ) its /able banks4 ,& t is ! only place specializ$ indu/ries c secure wat] frontage4 ,soon] or lat] ! gov]nm5t w adopt ! free port sy/em1 by :i* o!r c\ntries h pu%$ _! =eign trade to su* heights4 ,free ports h no?+ to d ) ! t>iff "q4 ,!y are simply zones e/abli%$ 9 :i* imports may be /or$1 re-pack$1 manufactur$ & !n export$ )\t ! paym5t ( duties 9 ! fir/ place1 duties = ! refund ( :i* ! pres5t law makes provision1 b only aft] vexati\s delays & exp5sive r$ tape4 ,precautions are tak5 to prev5t smuggl+4 ,9 ! prelim9>y inve/igations & recomm5dations made by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce1 ,new ,york1 ,san ,francisco & ,new ,orleans h be5 designat$ z ! fir/ free ports t %\ld be e/abli%$4 ,) ! ample space x (f]s = expansion1 ! ,indu/rial ,canal is ! logical location = ! free zone4 ,c\nt+ ! #ae1jjj1jjj contract ( ! ,d\llut ,williams ,%ipy>d1 ! #e1jjj1jjj contract ( ! ,f\ndation ,company ,%ipy>d1 ! #ac1jjj1jjj army supply base1 ! ,indu/rial ,canal has already br\ght #cc1jjj1jjj ( developm5t to ,new ,orleans1 #fj p] c5t m ?an ! co/ ( ! und]tak+4 ,m ?an half ( ?is 0 = wages & mat]ial pur*as$ 9 ,new ,orleans4 ,! /ate has ga9$ hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( doll>s 9 taxes4 ,ab\t half ! money sp5t on ! ,indu/rial ,canal 0 wages2 & help$ to increase ! population1 =ce bus9ess to a new height1 raise ! value ( real e/ate1 & make ,new ,orleans ! f9ancial /ronghold ( ! ,s\?4 ,:at indirect be>+ on br++ scores ( o!r indu/ries to ,new ,orleans1 :i* did n require a location on ! wat]way1 ! build+ ( ! ,indu/rial ,canal has _h1 !re is no way ( asc]ta9+4 ,s9ce ! "w 0 begun ! ,dock ,bo>d has receiv$ inquiries f a hundr$ or s l>ge ent]prises reg>d+ ! co/ ( a site on ! canal4 ,t !y h n e/abli%$ !re is due to ! fact t ! ,canal has n yet be5 complet$1 & ! ,dock ,bo>d has ann\nc$ no policy4 ,x is n[ work+ on t "q ) repres5tatives ( ! ,association ( ,comm]ce1 ,jo9t ,traffic ,bureau1 ,cle>+ ,h\se ,association1 ,cotton ,ex*ange1 ,bo>d ( ,trade1 & ,/eam%ip ,association4 ,!re is no use try+ to guess at :at ! policy w be4 ,x is too big a problem1 & mu/ be work$ out v c>efully1 ) ref]5ce to a confus+ tangle ( cross-int]e/s4 ,two pr9ciples h already be5 categorically laid d[n by ,presid5t ,hudson & endors$ by ! ,dock ,bo>d at an op5 meet+ ( ,april #e1 #aiba1 ) ! comm]cial & indu/rial int]e/s ( ! city1 plann+ = ! policy ( ! ,canal3 ,fir/1 t ! developm5t ( ! ,canal %all n be at ! exp5se ( ! riv]4 ,:>f developm5t w be pu%$ on ! riv] to meet ! legitimate comm]cial dem&s ( ! port4 ,no "o is to be =c$ on ! ,canal4 ,t w\ld hurt ! port4 ,x is n ?\ght t su* =c$ developm5t w\ld be necess>y1 & ! ,canal w be kept op5 = ! specializ$ indu/ries t c be/ use ! co-ord9ation ( ! riv]1 rail & m>itime facilities4 ,second1 t ! control ( ! prop]ty along ! ,canal1 own$ by ! ,dock ,bo>d1 w n g out ( ! h&s ( ! ,bo>d4 ,!re w be long-t]m leases--up to n9ety-n9e ye>s1 b no outright sale4 ,fur!rmore1 ! private l& on ! o!r side ( ! ,dock ,bo>d's prop]ty w n be all[$ to be develop$ at ! exp5se ( ! /ate's int]e/s4 ,s ! frontage on ! ,canal w be develop$ be=e !re is any ext5sive con/ruction ( lat]al bas9s & slips4 ,:at w be ! rate *>g$ = a site8 ,w x be bas$ on ! actual co/ ( ! ,canal & its ma9t5ance8 ,or w ! /ate consid] x a bus9ess inve/m5t l a road or /reet1 & *>ge ! prop]ty own]s !reon less ?an ! co/ ( con/ruction1 collect+ ! diff]5ce 9 ! g5]al progress8 ,t1 too1 is a "q :i* calls = consid]able /udy be=e x c be answ]$4 ,) ! ,indu/rial ,canal op51 sites available on long leases to bus9ess ent]prise1 & ) our tax laws relat+ to ! processes ( indu/ry & comm]ce revis$ & made m favorable1 ,new ,orleans w ent] a p]iod ( expansion & developm5t on a scale h>dly yet dream$ ( by h] mo/ f>-vision$ citiz5s1 ) enl>g$ pr(it & opportunity = all h] p4 ,new taxable weal? w be creat$ rapidly4 ,new ne$s = taxable prop]ty w arise4 ,! tax burd5 on all w be di/ribut$ m widely & :5 contra/$ ) ! e>n+ p[] ( su* prop]ty w become less & less ( a burd54 ,?is w be s because ! wat] frontage ?r\gh :i* ! ,canal is be+ creat$ = ! attraction ( _m ent]prises :i* _c locate on ! riv] front1 is all )9 ! limits ( ! city ( ,new ,orleans4 ,) ?is ,canal 9 op]ation1 ,new ,orleans w possess to ! fulle/ degree ! ?ree great sy/ems ( port op]ation3 ,public own]%ip & op]ation ( ! riv] h>bor facilities2 public own]%ip ( ! l& & private op]ation ( facilities on ! ,indu/rial ,canal2 & private own]%ip ( ! l& & private op]ation ( ! facilities on ! new *annel to ! sea4 ,no o!r port 9 ! c\ntry has ! capacity = ?is tr9ity ( port sy/ems4 ,no o!r port possesses su* a h9t]l& z is embrac$ )9 ! ,mississippi ,valley1 nor s ext5sive & s complete a sy/em ( easy-grade railroads & navigable wat]ways p5etrat+ its h9t]l&4 ,no o!r port holds s /rategic a position 9 ! pa? ( ! new trade r\tes connect+ ! region ( greate/ productivity ) ! new m>kets ( greate/ promise 9 ,lat9-,am]ica & ! ,ori5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lock ,,gate ,!re are ,t5 ,l ,?is ,,con/ruction ,,co/s ,,& ,,contractors4 ,ev]y?+ is relative4 ,look+ at ! total1 "s may ?9k t ! co/ ( ! ,indu/rial ,canal is l>ge4 ,s x is--comp>$ ) ! co/ ( an irrigation dit* ?r\gh a #bj-;acre f>m4 ,b comp>+ ! co/ ) ! weal? x is inve/$ to produce--has already begun to produce--x dw9dles to a m]e p]c5tage4 ,& a comp>ison ( con/ruction co/s on ! ,indu/rial ,canal ) simil> "w done else:]e dur+ ! same "t is v mu* 9 favor ( ! =m]4 ,witness ! foll[+ figures %[n 9 ! books ( ! eng9e]+ dep>tm5t ( ! ,dock ,bo>d3 ,dr$g+1 includ+ ! canal prism & ! excavation ( ! sites ( ! bridge f\ndations1 siphon & lock1 av]ag$ 4#bghd c5ts a cubic y>d4 ,! highe/ co/ 0 9 ! lock section1 f :i* #fji1cjb cubic y>ds 7 excavat$ at an av]age co/ ( 4#cgif c5ts a cubic y>d4 ,on ! siphon & ,florida ,walk bridge section1 includ+ two o!r deep cuts1 ! #had1iai cubic y>ds excavat$ co/ an av]age ( 4#bfjg c5ts a cubic y>d4 ,on ! ,l\isville ,na%ville bridge section1 ! #a1jbc1dff cubic y>ds excavat$ co/ an av]age ( 4#bcfc c5ts a cubic y>d4 ,f !re to ! lake1 #a1fgc1ghg cubic y>ds1 ! av]age co/ 0 4#bdaa c5ts4 ,dr$g+ co/s 7 bel[ ! orig9al e/imates :5 labor & supplies 7 #ej p] c5t *eap]4 ,! #ij1jjj cubic y>ds ( concrete 9 ! lock co/ an av]age ( #bb4ej a cubic y>d4 ,?is includes co/ ( mat]ial1 mix+1 build+ =ms1 p\r+ & /ripp+ =ms4 ,mix+ & p\r+1 f ! "t ! mat]ial 0 h&l$ f ! /oreh\se or pile1 av]ag$ #a4bj a cubic y>d4 ,x w\ld be h>d to f9d *eap] concrete on a "w ( simil> magnitude any:]e1 say ! eng9e]s4 ,on ! siphon ! concrete "w co/ m1 because x 0 a subt]ranean job1 ) elaborate %ap+4 ,! price !re 0 #ce a cubic y>d1 9 place1 includ+ mat]ial & =m "w4 ,to drive ! #ag1jjj be>+ piles & #g1jjj travel+ piles on :i* ! lock is float$1 co/ an av]age ( #ae c5ts a runn+ foot4 ,?is does n include ! co/ ( ! pil+4 ,con/ruction /eel co/ 4#ab c5ts a p\nd1 & erection ar\nd #d c5ts4 ,^! 7 /&>d prices4 ,! lock gates1 weigh+ #e1bhe1jjj p\nds1 co/ #hde1fjj1 9 place4 ,?is does n include op5+ & clos+ ma*9]y4 ,?ree ( ! bascule bridges cross+ ! ,canal1 weigh+ #a1fjj1jjj p\nds ea*1 co/ #bej1jjj ea*1 erect$4 ,! f\r? bridge1 ne> ! lock1 weigh+ #a1jjj1jjj p\nds1 co/ #bjj1jjj1 erect$4 ,?is is = sup]/ructure only--x does n include ! f\ndation4 ,! em]g5cy dam bridge1 weigh+ #cej1cgc p\nds1 & its #ajh1bef p\nds ( turn+ ma*9]y1 co/ #if1gbh1 9 place4 ,hoi/+ ma*9]y co/ #dj1jjj m4 ,! eight gird]s ( ! em]g5cy dam1 weigh+ #ij tons ea*1 at #bdj a ton1 co/ #agb1hjj4 ,ma*9]y = work+ ! t5 lock gates1 ! eight fill+ gates1 & ! six cap/ans--tw5ty-f\r #eb-;horse p[] electric motors--co/ #ba1dgi1 f4o4b4 ,new ,orleans4 ,! plant = unwat]+ ! lock1 consi/+ ( "o pump ) a capacity ( #ae1jjj gallons a m9ute1 & two ) a capacity ( #bej gallons ea*1 co/1 erect$1 #aa1jjj4 ,total me*anical equipm5t us$ on ! ,indu/rial ,canal weighs #ad1ejj tons4 ,its co/1 includ+ p[]-h\se1 electrical connections1 etc41 is #a1eaf1jjj4 ,plant & equipm5t = build+ ! ,canal1 includ+ locomotives1 cranes1 pil$riv]s1 dr$ges1 tools1 etc41 co/ #gha1bcb4 ,depreciation1 up to ,febru>y1 #aiba1 is set at #bff1hgd1 leav+ a balance ( #ead1ceh1 c>ri$ z assets4 ,mu* ( ?is has already be5 sold1 & m w be dispos$ (4 ,foll[+ are ! firms t execut$ contracts on ! ,indu/rial ,canal3 ,,outside ,,new ,,orleans4 ,lock gates & em]g5cy dam gird]s3 ,mc,clintic-,m>%all ,con/ruction ,company1 ,pittsburg1 ,pa42 design$ by ,goldm>k ,h>ris ,company1 ,new ,york4 ,fill+ gates3 ,c(f9 ,valve ,company1 ,indian ,or*>d1 ,mass4 ,miscellane\s valve equipm5t3 ,ludl[ ,valve ,company1 ,troy1 ,n4,y4 ,cap/ans3 ,am]ican ,eng9e]+ ,company1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,moor+ po/s3 ,%ipbuild+ ,products ,company1 ,new ,york1 ,n4,y4 ,mit] gate mov+ ma*9es3 ,fawcus ,ma*9e ,works1 ,pittsburg1 ,pa4 ,motors1 control bo>ds & miscellane\s electrical equipm5t3 ,g5]al ,electric ,company1 ,s*5ectady1 ,n4,y4 ,bridge crane & bascule bridges3 ,be?lehem ,/eel ,corporation1 ,/eelton1 ,pa4 ,=m] design$ by ,goldm>k ,h>ris ,company1 ,new ,york1 ,n4,y42 latt]1 by ,/rauss ,bascule ,bridge ,company1 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,/eel %eet pil+3 ,lackawanna ,/eel ,company1 ,buffalo1 ,new ,york4 ,hoi/s & cranes3 ,orton ,/e9br5n]1 ,hunt+ton1 ,ind42 ,am]ican ,hoi/ & ,d]rick ,company1 ,/4 ,paul1 ,m9n4 ,conveyor equipm5t3 ,web/] ,company1 ,tiffany1 ,ohio2 ,b>k]-,gre5e ,company1 ,aurora1 ,ill4 ,woodwork+ ma*9]y3 ,fay ,egan ,company1 ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio4 ,pipe3 ,u4,s4 ,ca/ ,iron ,pipe ,company1 ,birm+ham1 ,ala4 ,lumb] & pil+3 ,hammond ,lumb] ,company1 ,hammond1 ,la42 ,great ,s\!rn ,lumb] ,company1 ,bogalusa1 ,la4 ,dr$ges3 ,b[]s ,s\!rn ,dr$g+ ,company1 ,galve/on1 ,tex42 ,atlantic1 ,gulf & ,pacific ,company1 ,mobile1 ,ala4 ,,9 ,,new ,,orleans4 ,c9d] & e>? fill3 ,?omas ,m4 ,johnson4 ,levee "w3 ,h]cules ,con/ruction ,company2 ,hampton ,reynolds4 ,s& & gravel3 ,jahncke ,s]vice1 ,inc42 ,d4 ,v4 ,john/on ,company4 ,cem5t3 ,atlas ,portl& ,cem5t ,company1 ! ,mi*el ,lumb] & ,brick ,company be+ local ag5ts4 ,lumb] & pil+3 ,salm5 ,brick & ,lumb] ,company2 ,w4 ,w4 ,c>re ,company1 ,ltd4 ,coal3 ,kirkpatrick ,coal ,company2 ,t5nessee ,coal1 ,iron & ,r4,r4 ,company4 ,re9=c+ /eel & supplies3 ,t5nessee ,coal1 ,iron & ,r4,r4 ,company2 ,ole ,k4 ,ols54 ,rail & track accessories3 ,a4 ,m>x ,sons4 ,concrete mix]s3 ,fairbanks ,company4 ,repairs & ca/+s3 ,dib]t1 ,bancr(t ,ross2 ,j\b]t ,gosl9 ,ma*9]y & ,f\ndry ,company2 ,/]n ,f\ndry & ,ma*9]y ,company4 ,,o!r ,,port ,,facilities4 ,new ,orleans1 says ,dr4 ,roy ,s4 ,mac,elwee 9 8 book on ,port & ,t]m9al ,facilities1 a subject on :i* he is consid]$ an au?ority1 is ! mo/ advanc$ port 9 ,am]ica 9 respect to sci5tific policy4 ,! ,%ipp+ ,bo>d e*o$ ! complim5t 9 its report ( its port & h>bor facilities commission ( ,april1 #aiai1 :5 x said3 ,new ,orleans ranks high among ! ports ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = volume ( bus9ess1 & pres5ts a v successful example ( ! public own]%ip & op]ation ( port facilities4 ,x is "o ( ! be/ equipp$ & co-ord9at$ ports ( ! c\ntry4 ,new ,orleans is ! pr9cipal fre% wat]-ocean h>bor 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,l&lock$ & protect$ f /orms1 x is ! safe/ h>bor on ! ,gulf ,coa/4 ,almo/ unlimit$ is ! numb] ( vessels t c be accommodat$ at an*or4 ,alongside ! :>ves ! wat] is f ?irty to sev5ty feet deep4 ,! gov]nm5t ma9ta9s a #cc-;foot *annel at ! m\? ( ! riv]4 ,! port ( ,new ,orleans takes 9 ab\t #ba miles ( ?is h>bor on bo? sides ( ! riv]4 ,?is gives a riv] frontage ( #da4d miles1 :i* is "u ! jurisdiction ( ! ,dock ,bo>d1 an ag5cy ( ! /ate4 ,! ,bo>d has1 to date1 improv$ sev5 miles ( ! ea/ bank ( ! riv] ) :>ves1 /eel %$s1 cotton w>eh\ses1 a gra9 elevator & a coal-h&l+ plant ( mo/ mod]n type1 toge!r ) o!r facilities = load+ & unload+4 ,au?ority has be5 grant$ to issue #f1ejj1jjj 9 bonds = increas+ ^! facilities4 ,:>ves1 elevators & w>eh\ses built by railroads & indu/rial plants on bo? sides ( ! riv] br+ up ! total improv$ portion ( ! port to #de1jjj l9e> feet1 capable ( b]?+ n9ety vessels #ejj feet long4 ,^! facilities are co-ord9at$ by ! only municipally own$ & op]at$ belt railroad 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* saves ! %ipp] mu* money4 ,m ?an sixty /eam%ip l9es connect ! port ) ! _w m>kets2 ! gov]nm5t b>ge l9e1 a numb] ( /eamboat l9es1 & twelve railroad l9es connect x ) ! produc+ & consum+ sections ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bull ,,:eel ,"p ( ,op]at+ ,ma*9]y = ,lock ,gates ,n[ ne>+ completion is ! ,public ,coal ,h&l+ ,plant4 ,built by ! ,dock ,bo>d to develop ! bus9ess 9 c>go coal1 x is co/+ m ?an #a1jjj1jjj4jj1 & w h a capacity ( #be1jjj tons4 ,x is ( ! belt-conveyor type4 ,! plant w be able to3 #a4 ,unload coal f railway c>s into a /orage pile2 #b4 ,unload coal f c>s into /eam]s or b>ges2 #c4 ,load coal f /orage pile into /eam]s or b>ges2 #d4 ,unload coal f b>ges into /eam]s & /orage pile2 #e4 ,load coal f b>ges or /orage pile into c>s4 ,at ! #gej-;foot :>f ! plant c take c>e ( ?ree %ips at "o "t1 ) a maximum load+ capacity ( #hjj to #a1jjj tons an h\r4 ,o!r coal+ facilities at ! port are furni%$ by3 ,ill9ois ,c5tral ,railroad3 ,tipple ) capacity ( #cjj tons an h\r2 ,new ,orleans ,coal ,company3 ,two tipples1 capacity #aej & #cej tons an h\r2 float+ colli] to coal %ips :ile freight is be+ tak5 abo>d at ! :>f1 capacity #age tons an h\r2 colli]1 capacity #aej tons an h\r4 ,alabama & ,new ,orleans ,transportation ,company3 ,/orage plant ) load+ t[]s on ,lake ,borgne canal1 j bel[ ! city2 ,am]ican ,sug> ,ref9+ ,company3 ,coal plant1 capacity1 #gj tons an h\r1 = receiv+ coal f b>ges & deliv]+ x to boil] h\se2 ,monongahela ,riv] ,coal & ,coke ,company3 ,float+ colli]4 ,fuel oil facilities = bunk]+ purposes are furni%$ by3 ,gulf ,ref9+ ,company3 ,/orage capacity1 #ajj1jjj b>rels2 bunk]+ capacity1 #hjj b>rels an h\r2 ,texas ,oil ,company3 ,/orage capacity1 #aej1jjj b>rels2 bunk]+ capacity1 #a1ejj b>rels an h\r2 ,mexican ,petroleum ,corporation3 ,bunk]+ capacity1 #a1ejj b>rels an h\r2 ,s9clair ,ref9+ ,company3 ,/orage capacity1 #bej1jjj b>rels2 bunk]+ capacity1 #b1ejj b>rels an h\r2 ,/&>d ,oil ,company3 ,/orage capacity1 #aaj1ccf b>rels2 bunk]+ capacity1 #a1jjj b>rels an h\r4 ,9 ! ,jahncke ,dry ,dock & ,%ip ,repair ,company1 ,new ,orleans has ! l>ge/ %ip repair plant s\? ( ,newport ,news4 ,! plant is on ! ,mississippi riv]1 adjac5t to ! ,indu/rial ,canal4 ,x has a #a1ejj-;foot :>f & ?ree dry docks1 ( #f1jjj1 #h1jjj & #aj1jjj tons capacity1 respectively4 ,^! c be jo9$ = lift+ ! v l>ge %ips4 ,x is equipp$ ) ! late/ & mo/ p[]ful ma*9]y1 & has be5 a /rong factor 9 develop+ ! port4 ,! ,johnson ,iron ,works & ,%ipbuild+ ,company likewise has facilities = wood repair+1 caulk+1 pa9t+ & scrap+ ( vessels1 z well z iron "w4 ,x has ?ree docks3 "o #bcd feet long1 "o #ccd feet long1 & a small "o = lift+ b>ges & small riv] tugs4 ,at ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,naval ,y>d is a dock ( #ae1jjj tons capacity4 ,?is is plac$ at ! s]vice ( comm]cial vessels :5 private docks are n available4 ,! ,public ,cotton ,w>eh\se & ,public ,gra9 ,elevator are among ! mo/ mod]n facilities 9 ! c\ntry4 ,bo? plants are ( re9=c$ concrete ?r\gh\t1 insur+ a l[ insurance rate4 ,! cotton w>eh\se comprises five units1 ) a total /orage capacity at "o "t ( #cbj1jjj bales1 & an annual h&l+ capacity ( #b1jjj1jjj4 ,high d5sity presses compress ?is cotton to #cd p\nds p] cubic foot1 sav+ ! export] #bj p] c5t on /eam%ip freight rates4 ,! insurance rate on /orage cotton is #bd c5ts p] #ajj a ye>4 ,cotton is h&l$ by ,dock ,bo>d employees lic5s$ by ! ,new ,orleans ,cotton ,ex*ange "u rules & regulations laid d[n by ! dep>tm5t ( agriculture4 ,w>eh\se receipts may be disc\nt$ at ! banks4 ,cotton c be h&l$ *eap] "h ?an at any o!r w>eh\se 9 ! c\ntry4 ,/orage capacity ( ! ,public ,gra9 ,elevator is #b1fbb1jjj bu%els4 ,?is is ab\t #be p] c5t ( ! gra9 elevator /orage capacity ( ! port1 b ! ,public ,elevator h&les #fj p] c5t ( ! bus9ess--prov+ its effici5cy4 ,its unload+ capacity is #fj1jjj bu%els a day f b>ges or %ips1 & #bjj1jjj bu%els f c>s4 ,load+ capacity into %ips is #ajj1jjj bu%els an h\r--to "o or f\r vessels1 simultane\sly4 ,firepro( & equipp$ ) a mod]n du/-collect+ sy/em1 ?is facility is consid]$ "o ( ! be/ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,o!r gra9 elevators at ,new ,orleans are op]at$ by3 ,s\!rn ,railway3 capacity1 #cge1jjj bu%els2 ,ill9ois ,c5tral ,railroad two elevators1 capacity1 #b1ejj1jjj bu%els2 ,trans-,mississippi ,t]m9al ,railroad ,company3 two elevators1 capacity1 #a1cej1jjj bu%els4 ,:>ves own$ & controll$ by ! ,dock ,bo>d measure #bh1hgb l9e> feet 9 l5g?1 ) an area ( #d1bcj1hid squ>e feet4 ,tw5ty ( ^! ?irty-f\r :>ves are cov]$ ) /eel %$s4 ,:>ves op]at$ by ! railroads on bo? sides ( ! riv] increase ! port facilities z foll[s3 ,s\!rn ,railway3 ,two concrete & /eel cov]$ docks1 "o a two-/ory /ructure2 "o is #aej by #a1cjj feet1 ) a floor space ( #aie1jjj squ>e feet2 "o is #aej by #a1fhj feet on ! l[] floor1 & #abj by #a1fhj on ! upp]1 ) a comb9$ area ( #dec1jjj squ>e feet floor space4 ,ill9ois ,c5tral ,railroad3 cov]$ :>f1 #acj-aej by #d1gci feet4 ,morgan's ,l\isiana & ,texas ,railroad & ,/eam%ip ,company3 :>f space1 #aab1jjj squ>e feet2 cov]$ space1 #aag1bjj squ>e feet4 ,trans-,mississippi ,t]m9al ,railroad ,company3 ,:>f ,no4 #a1 ?ree b]?s1 #bha1ijd squ>e feet2 ,no4 #b1 "o b]?1 #id1cej squ>e feet2 ,no4 #c1 "o b]?1 #ajj1gbe squ>e feet--mo/ ( x cov]$2 oil :>f1 #ae1jjj squ>e feet4 ,! ,new ,orleans ,army ,supply ,base has a two-/ory :>f #b1jjj feet long by #adj feet wide4 ,! l[] floor ( ! :>f is leas$ by ! ,dock ,bo>d4 ,back ( x are ! ?ree w>eh\ses1 ea* #adj by #fjj feet1 & six /ories 9 height4 ,sev5 indu/rial plants h load+ & unload+ facilities on ! riv]4 ,! ,dock ,bo>d does n lease or "p ) ! control ( ^!1 & controls ! foll[+ *>ges3 h>bor fees1 dockage1 %$dage1 :>fage1 etc4 ,op5 /orage on riv] front contigu\s to :>ves totals #a1afi1ijj squ>e feet4 ,!re is a great deal ( pot5tial op5 /orage space away f ! :>ves & along railroad tracks1 :i* c\ld be rea*$ by swit*es4 ,= ! /orage ( c(fee1 alcohol1 sisal1 sug> & g5]al commodities1 private w>eh\ses (f] a floor space ( #b1jjj1jjj squ>e feet4 ,railroads s]v+ ,new ,orleans are3 ,! ,public ,belt1 ,ill9ois ,c5tral1 ,yazoo ,mississippi ,valley1 ,gulf ,coa/ ,l9es1 ,l\isiana ,railway ,navigation ,company1 ,l\isville ,na%ville1 ,l\isiana ,s\!rn1 ,miss\ri-,pacific1 ,texas ,pacific1 ,new ,orleans ,l[] ,coa/1 ,morgan's ,l\isiana ,texas ,railroad & ,/eam%ip ,company1 7,s\!rn ,pacific7 ,s\!rn ,railway & ,new ,orleans ,great ,nor!rn4 ,/orage track capacity ( ,new ,orleans = export traffic totals #ae1aef c>s4 ,track facilities alongside ! :>ves w accommodate #fjj c>s4 ,new ,orleans c h&le1 at ! gra9 elevators & :>ves1 #c1jjj c>s a day4 ,:>ves are s]v$ exclusively by ! ,public ,belt ,railroad4 ,! ,indu/rial ,canal w be simil>ly s]v$4 ,! ,public ,belt ,railroad assumes ! obligations ( a common c>ri]1 op]at+ "u appropriate traffic rules & regulations4 ,! swit*+ *>ge is #g4jj a c>1 reg>dless ( ! di/ance4 ,on uncompress$ cotton & l9t]s1 ! *>ge is #d4ej4 ,! gov]nm5t b>ge l9e connects ,new ,orleans ) ! ,w>rior ,riv] section ( ,alabama & ! ,upp] ,mississippi ,valley1 includ+ a great deal ( inl& t]ritory to :i* riv] & rail diff]5tial rates apply1 z f> z ,/4 ,l\is4 ,x is op]at+ a fleet ( #b1jjj-ton /eel cov]$ b>ges & #a1hjj horsep[] t[boats4 ,!re is a weekly s]vice4 ,rates are #bj p] c5t *eap] ?an rail rates4 ,! port is suppli$ ) "s ( ! mo/ mod]n freight h&l+ ma*9]y4 ,h>bor dues & o!r exp5ses are l[4 ,! wat] supply1 = dr9k+ purposes & boil]s1 meets ! /ronge/ te/s4 ,h[ advantage\sly situat$ is ,new ,orleans w be se5 f ! foll[+ comp>ison ( di/ances3 ,illu/ration3 ,,%ip ,,lock on ! ,,inn] ,,h>bor ,,navigation ,,canal at ! ,,port ,,( ,,new ,,orleans ,,! ,,lock ,,complet$ ,,comp>ison ,,( ,,di/ances ,,by ,,& ,,betwe5 ,,new ,,orleans ,,& ,,new ,,york ,,& ,,pr9cipal ,,cities4 7,di/ances 9 /atute miles1 furni%$ by ,w> ,dep>tm5t47 ,new ,york ,new ,orleans ---------------------------------------- ,atlanta #hdf #dih ,baltimore #ahh #a1ahd ,birm+ham #a1jdc #cdh ,bo/on #bce #a1fjg ,buffalo #ddb #a1bge ,*>le/on #gci #ggf ,*attanooga #hdf #dih ,*icago #iab #iab ,c9c9nati #gha #hcf ,clevel& #ehd #a1jib ,dallas #a1fdb #eae ,d5v] #a1icb #a1cef ,detroit #fic #a1ajj ,dulu? #a1cij #a1cdj ,el ,paso #b1caj #a1aie ,galve/on #a1ghb #daj ,indianapolis #hbg #hhh ,kansas ,city #a1cce #hfg ,little ,rock #a1bij #dhg ,l\isville #hfg #gdi ,memphis #a1aef #cif ,m9neapolis #a1ccb #a1bhe ,mobile #a1bca #ada ,norfolk #cdg #a1jic ,oklahoma ,city #a1fdc #hef ,omaha #a1djb #a1jgj ,pittsburgh #ddd #a1adb ,philadelphia #ia #a1bha ,port ,t[ns5d #c1aii #b1igi ,portl&1 ,oregon #c1bjd #b1gdf ,salt ,lake ,city #b1ddb #a1ibh ,san ,antonio #a1idc #ega ,san ,francisco #c1aia #b1dhb ,savannah #hde #ffa ,seattle #c1aea #b1ica ,/4 ,l\is #a1jeh #gja ,tol$o #gje #a1jdj ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 #bbh #a1add ,,comp>ison ,,( ,,di/ances ,,by ,,wat] ,,r\tes ,,betwe5 ,,new ,,orleans ,,& ,,new ,,york ,,to ,,pr9cipal ,,ports ,,( ,,! ,,_w4 7,di/ances 9 nautical miles1 suppli$ by ,hydrographic ,(fice1 ,navy ,dep>tm5t2 l& r\tes 9 /atute miles suppli$ by ,w> ,dep>tm5t47 ,new ,york ,new ,orleans ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,antw]p #c1cbe #d1hec ,bombay-- ,via ,suez #h1abj #i1ecf ,via ,cape ( ,good ,hope #aa1bej #aa1hdh ,bu5os ,ayres #e1hfh #f1cah ,callao-- ,via ,panama #c1cib #b1gfd ,via ,tehauntepec #d1bdf #b1iia ,cape ,t[n #f1hea #g1cgd ,colon 7ea/]n end ( ,panama ,canal7 #a1iha #a1chj ,havana #a1bbg #eig ,hong ,kong-- ,via ,panama #aa1dca #aj1hcj a ,via rail to ,san ,francisco #i1bgg #h1efh ,honolulu-- ,via ,panama #f1fhf #f1jhe ,via rail to ,san ,francisco #e1bhh #d1egi ,liv]pool #c1jec #d1eec ,london #c1bcc #d1ejg ,manila-- ,via ,panama #aa1edf #aj1iic a ,yokohama & ,san ,francisco #i1dhj #h1gga a ,yokohama & ,port ,t[ns5d #i1aib #h1igb ,melb\rne-- a ,via ,san ,francisco #aj1bca #i1ebb ,via ,panama #aj1jbh #i1dbd ,via ,tehauntepec #i1heb #h1fjd ,via ,suez ,canal #ab1iha #ad1cjc ,mexico ,city-- ,by l& & wat] #b1cii #a1agb ,by l& #b1hih #a1ebf ,new ,orleans-- ,l& #a1cgb ,wat] #a1gda ,nome1 ,alaska-- a ,via ,san ,francisco #e1hif #e1ahg a ,via ,port ,t[ns5d #e1eee #e1cce ,via ,panama #h1jaj #g1daj ,panama 7we/]n end ,canal7-- ,via ,canal & ,colon #b1jbh #a1dbg ,p]nambuco1 ,brazil #c1fif #c1ifi ,rio de ,janeiro #d1ggh #e1bah ,san ,juan1 ,p4,r4 #a1dbh #a1eci ,s+apore-- ,via ,yokohama & ,panama #ac1ajd #ab1ejc ,via ,suez #aj1agj #aa1efj ,san ,francisco #c1aia #b1dhb ,via ,tehauntepec #d1dae #c1aia ,via ,panama #e1cje #d1gjd ,tehauntepec-- ,ea/]n end ( railroad #b1jcf #hab ,valp>aiso-- ,via ,panama #d1fcg #d1jce ,yokohama-- ,via ,honolulu & ,tehauntepec #i1bdc #g1iie ,via ,honolulu & ,panama #aj1jic #i1dib ,via ,panama #i1hfi #i1bfh ---------------------------------------- ----------------- a ,by l& & wat]4 b ,by l&4