file 0 produc$ f images produc$ by ,core
 ,hi/orical ,lit]ature 9 ,agriculture   
7,,*la71 ,cornell ,univ]sity7           
,,! ,,tra9+ ,,( ,a ,,=e/]               
,illu/ration3 ,a ,,=e/ ,,rang] ,,look+  
,,= ,,fire ,,f ,a ,,national ,,=e/      
,,look\t ,,/ation ,page #cb       ,,!   
,,tra9+ ,,( ,a ,,=e/]       ,,by        
,,gif=d ,,p9*ot       ,,) ,,eight       
,,illu/rations      ,illu/ration        
,,philadelphia  ,,london   ,j4 ,b4      
,,lipp9cott ,,company   #aiad           
,,copyright1 #aiad1 ,,by ,j4 ,b4        
,,lipp9cott ,,company    ,,publi%$      
,,febru>y1 #aiad      ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,j4  
,b4 ,,lipp9cott ,,company   ,,at ,,!    
,,wa%+ton ,,squ>e ,,press               
,,philadelphia1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4       ,to   
,,ov]ton ,w4 ,,price   ,,fri5d ,,&      
,,fell[ ,,work]    ,,to ,,:om ,,is      
,,due1 ,,m ,,?an ,,to ,,any ,,o!r ,,man1
 ,,!   ,,high ,,effici5cy ,,( ,,!       
,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,=e/ ,,s]vice          
,,preface   ,at "o "t or ano!r1 ! l>ge/ 
"q be=e e "y man is1 ,:at %all ,i d ) my

 life8 ,among ! possible op5+s1 :i* be/ 
suits 8 ambition1 8 ta/es1 & 8          
capacities8 ,along :at l9e %all he      
und]take to make a successful c>e]8 ,!  
se>* = a life "w & ! *oice ( "o is      
surely z important bus9ess z c occupy a 
boy v]g+ into manhood4 ,x is to help 9 !
 decision ( ^? :o are consid]+ =e/ry z a
 pr(ession t ?is little book has be5    
writt54  ,to ! "y man :o is attract$ to 
=e/ry & beg9s to consid] x z a possible 
pr(ession1 c]ta9 que/ions pres5t        
!mselves4 ,:at is =e/ry8 ,if he takes x 
up1 :at w 8 "w be1 & :]e8 ,does x 9 fact
 (f] ! satisfy+ type ( outdoor life :i* 
x appe>s to (f]8 ,:at *ance does x      
pres5t = a successful c>e]1 = a c>e] (  
g5u9e usefulness1 & :at is ! *ance to   
make a liv+8 ,is he fitt$ = x 9 "*1 m9d1
 & body8 ,if s1 :at tra9+ does he ne$8  
,^! que/ions des]ve an answ]4  ,to ! m5 
:om x really suits1 =e/ry (f]s a c>e] m 
attractive1 x may be said 9 all         
fairness1 ?an any o!r c>e] :atsoev]4 ,i 
d\bt if any o!r pr(ession c %[ a        

memb]%ip s uni=mly & en?usia/ically 9   
love ) ! "w4 ,! m5 :o h tak5 x up1      
practis$ x1 & left x = o!r "w are few4  
,b to ! man n fully adapt$ = x1 =e/ry   
mu/ be puni%m5t1 pure & simple4 ,^? :o h
 begun ! /udy ( =e/ry1 & !n h le>n$ t x 
0 n = !m1 h d\btless be5 m 9 numb] ?an  
^? :o h foll[$ x ?r\gh4  ,i urge no man 
to make =e/ry 8 pr(ession1 b r to keep  
away f x if he c4 ,9 =e/ry a man is ei!r
 altoge!r at home or v mu* out ( place4 
,unless he has a compell+ love = !      
,=e/]'s life & ! ,=e/]'s "w1 let him    
keep out ( x4    ,g4 ,p4     ,,cont5ts  
,,page    ,,:at ,,is ,a ,,=e/8          
#ac    ,,! ,,=e/]',s ,,k                
#ah    ,,! ,,=e/ ,,& ,,! ,,nation       
#ai    ,,! ,,=e/]',s ,,po9t ,,( ,,view  
#bc    ,,! ,,e/abli%m5t ,,( ,,=e/ry     
#bg    ,,! ,,"w ,,( ,a ,,=e/]           
#cj    ,,! ,,=e/ ,,s]vice               
#cj    ,,! ,,=e/ ,,sup]visor            
#df    ,,! ,,tra9$ ,,=e/]               
#ej    ,,p]sonal ,,equipm5t             
#fc    ,,/ate ,,=e/ ,,"w                

#hd    ,,! ,,=e/ ,,s]vice ,,9 ,,wa%+ton 
#hi    ,,private ,,=e/ry                
#ajf    ,,=e/ ,,s*ools                  
#aad    ,,! ,,opportunity               
#aaf    ,,tra9+                         
#abc     ,,illu/rations                 
,,page    ,a ,,=e/ ,,rang] ,,look+ ,,=  
,,fire ,,f ,a ,,national   ,,=e/        
,,look\t ,,/ation                       
,frontispiece    ,,/r++ ,a ,,=e/        
,,telephone ,,l9e                       
#cb    ,,=e/ ,,rang]s ,,scal+ ,,timb]   
#dc    ,,we/]n ,,yell[ ,,p9e ,,se$      
,,collect$ ,,by ,,! ,,=e/   ,,s]vice ,,=
 ,,plant+ ,,up ,,d5ud$ ,,l&s            
#dg    ,a ,,=e/ ,,exam9] ,,runn+ ,a     
,,compass ,,l9e                         
#ei    ,,bru% ,,pil+ ,,9 ,a ,,national  
,,=e/ ,,timb] ,,sale                    
#ie    ,,=e/ ,,rang]s ,,gett+           
,,in/ruction ,,9 ,,me?ods ,,(   ,,"w ,,f
 ,a ,,di/rict ,,=e/ ,,(fic]             
#aje    ,,=e/ ,,s]vice ,,m5 ,,mak+      
,,fre% ,,measurem5ts ,,9   ,,! ,,miss\ri
 ,,swamps                               

#acf     ,,! ,,tra9+ ,,( ,a ,,=e/]      
,,:at ,,is ,a ,,=e/8   ,fir/1 ,:at is   
=e/ry8 ,=e/ry is ! k ( ! =e/4 ,9        
p>ticul>1 x is ! art ( h&l+ ! =e/ s t x 
w r5d] :atev] s]vice is requir$ ( x )\t 
be+ impov]i%$ or de/roy$4 ,= example1 a 
=e/ may be h&l$ s z to produce saw logs1
 telegraph poles1 b>rel hoops1 firewood1
 tan b>k1 or turp5t9e4 ,! ma9 purpose ( 
its treatm5t may be to prev5t ! wa%+ (  
soil1 to regulate ! fl[ ( /reams1 to    
support cattle or %eep1 or x may be h&l$
 s z to supply a wide range & comb9ation
 ( uses4 ,=e/ry is ! art ( produc+ f !  
=e/ :atev] x c yield = ! s]vice ( man4  
,be=e we c und]/& =e/ry1 c]ta9 facts    
ab\t ! =e/ itself mu/ be kept 9 m9d4 ,a 
=e/ is n a m]e collection ( individual  
trees1 j z a city is n a m]e collection 
( unrelat$ m5 & wom51 or a ,nation l    
ours m]ely a c]ta9 numb] ( indep5d5t    
racial gr\ps4 ,a =e/1 l a city1 is a    
complex community ) a life ( its own4 ,x
 has a soil & an atmosph]e ( its own1   
*emically & physically diff]5t f any    

o!r1 ) plants & %rubs z well z trees :i*
 are peculi> to x4 ,x has a resid5t     
population ( insects & high] animals    
entirely di/9ct f t outside4 ,mo/       
important ( all1 f ! ,=e/]'s po9t (     
view1 ! memb]s ( ! =e/ live 9 an exact &
 intricate sy/em ( competition & mutual 
assi/ance1 ( help or h>m1 :i* ext5ds to 
all ! inhabitants ( ?is complicat$ city 
( trees4  ,! trees 9 a =e/ are all help$
 by mutually protect+ ea* o!r aga9/ high
 w9ds1 & by produc+ a ri*] & moi/] soil 
?an w\ld be possible if ! trees /ood    
s+ly & ap>t4 ,!y compete among !mselves 
by _! roots = moi/ure 9 ! soil1 & =     
light & space by ! gr[? ( _! cr[ns 9    
height & bread?4 ,p]haps ! /ronge/      
weapon :i* trees h aga9/ ea* o!r is gr[?
 9 height4 ,9 c]ta9 species intol]ant ( 
%ade1 ! tree :i* is ov]topp$ has lo/ !  
race = good4 ,! numb] ( "y trees :i*    
de/roy ea* o!r 9 ?is fi]ce /ruggle =    
exi/5ce is prodigi\s1 s t (t5 a few     
score p] acre are all t survive to      
middle or old age out ( _m t5s ( ?\s&s (

 se$l+s :i* ent]$ ! race ( life on      
approximately ev5 t]ms4  ,n only has a  
=e/ a "* ( its own1 :i* arises f ! fact 
t x is a community ( trees1 b ea*       
species ( tree has peculi> *>act]i/ics &
 habits also4 ,j z 9 ,new ,york ,city1 =
 example1 ! ,fr5*1 ! ,g]mans1 !         
,italians1 ! ,hung>ians1 & ! ,*9ese ea* 
h qu>t]s ( _! own1 & 9 ^? qu>t]s live 9 
accordance ) habits :i* di/+ui% ea* race
 f all ! o!rs1 s ! diff]5t species (    
p9es & hemlocks1 oaks & maples pref] &  
are f\nd 9 c]ta9 def9ite types (        
locality1 & live 9 accordance ) def9ite 
racial habits :i* are z g5]al & unfail+ 
z ! racial *>act]i/ics :i* di/+ui%1 =   
example1 ! ,italians f ! ,g]mans1 or !  
,sw$es f ! ,*9ese4  ,! mo/ important (  
^! *>act]i/ics ( race or species are ^? 
:i* are conc]n$ ) ! relation ( ea* to   
light1 heat1 & moi/ure4 ,?us1 a riv]    
bir* w die if x has only z mu* wat] z w 
suffice to keep a po/ oak 9 ! be/       
condition1 & ! w>m climate 9 :i* !      
balsam fir w\ld p]i% is j suit$ to !    

requirem5ts ( a long leaf p9e or a      
magnolia4  ,! tol]ance ( a tree = %ade  
may v>y greatly at diff]5t times ( its  
life1 b a :ite p9e always requires m    
light ?an a hemlock1 & a bee* ?r\gh\t   
its life w fl\ri% ) less sun%9e or      
reflect$ light ?an1 = example1 an oak or
 a tulip tree4  ,trees are limit$ 9 _!  
di/ribution also by _! adaptability1 9  
:i* !y v>y greatly4 ,?us a bald cypress 
w gr[ bo? 9 wett] & 9 dry] l& ?an an    
oak2 a r$ c$> w fl\ri% f ,florida to !  
,canadian l9e1 :ile o!r species1 l !    
,ea/]n l>*1 ! ,we/]n m\nta9 hemlock1 or 
! big trees ( ,cali=nia1 are conf9$ 9 _!
 native localities )9 extremely n>r[    
limits4     ,,! ,,=e/]',s ,,k   ,! tra9$
 ,=e/] mu/ "k ! =e/ z a doctor kn[s !   
human ma*9e4 ,fir/ ( all1 he mu/ be able
 to di/+ui% ! diff]5t trees ( :i* ! =e/ 
is compos$1 = t is l le>n+ to read4 ,he 
mu/ "k ! way !y are made & ! way !y gr[2
 b f> m important ?an all else1 he mu/  
base 8 k ^u t "p ( =e/ry :i* is call$   
,silvics1 ! k ( ! relation ( trees to   

light1 heat1 & moi/ure1 to ! soil1 & to 
ea* o!r4  ,! well-tra9$ ,=e/] mu/ also  
"k ! =e/ %rubs & at lea/ ! m important  
small] =e/ plants1 some?+ ( ! insect &  
animal life ( 8 doma91 & ! birds & fi%4 
,he mu/ h a good work+ k ( rocks1 soils1
 & /reams1 & ( ! me?ods ( mak+ roads1   
trails1 & bridges4 ,he %\ld be an exp]t 
9 woodcraft1 able to travel ! =e/ safely
 & surely by day or by night4 ,x is     
ess5tial t he %\ld h a k ( ! !ory & !   
practice ( lumb]+1 & he %\ld "k some?+  
ab\t lumb] m>kets & ! value ( lumb]1    
ab\t survey+ & map mak+1 & _m o!r matt]s
 :i* are consid]$ m at l5g? 9 ! ,*apt]  
on ,tra9+4 ,!re are z yet 9 ,am]ica     
comp>atively few m5 :o h acquir$ ev5    
fairly well ! m important k :i* %\ld be 
includ$ 9 ! tra9+ ( a ,=e/]4     ,,!    
,,=e/ ,,& ,,! ,,nation   ,! position ( !
 =e/ 9 ! h\sekeep+ ( any nation is      
unlike t ( any o!r great natural        
res\rce1 = ! =e/ n only furni%es wood1  
)\t :i* civilization z we "k x w\ld be  
impossible1 b s]ves also to protect or  

make valuable _m ( ! o!r ?+s )\t :i* we 
c\ld n get on4 ,?us ! =e/ cov] protects 
! soil f ! effects ( w9d1 & holds x 9   
place4 ,= lack ( x hundr$s ( ?\s&s (    
squ>e miles h be5 conv]t$ by ! w9ds f   
mod]ately f]tile1 productive l& to arid 
drift+ s&s4 ,n>r[ /rips ( =e/ plant$ z  
w9dbreaks make agriculture possible 9   
c]ta9 regions by prev5t+ de/ruction (   
crops by moi/ure-/eal+ dry w9ds :i* s   
afflict ! c5tral portions ( our c\ntry4 
,)\t ! =e/s ! great bulk ( our m9+ =    
coal1 metals1 & ! preci\s m9]als w\ld be
 ei!r impossible or va/ly m exp5sive ?an
 x is at pres5t1 because ! gall]ies (   
m9es are propp$ ) wood1 & s protect$    
aga9/ cav+ 94 ,s f>1 no satisfactory    
sub/itute = ! wood5 railroad tie has be5
 devis$2 & our :ole sy/em ( l&          
transportation is directly dep5d5t = its
 exi/5ce ^u ! =e/1 :i* supplies m ?an "o
 hundr$ & tw5ty million new railroad    
ties e ye> 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates alone4  ,! 
=e/ regulates & protects ! fl[ ( /reams4
 ,its effect is to r$uce ! height (     

floods & to mod]ate extremes ( l[ wat]4 
,! (ficial measurem5ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 ,geological ,survey h f9ally settl$ ?is
 long-disput$ "q4 ,by protect+ m\nta9   
slopes aga9/ excessive soil wa%1 x      
protects also ! l[l&s ^u :i* ?is wa%    
w\ld o!rwise be deposit$ & ! riv]s ^:   
*annels x w\ld clog4 ,x is well )9 !    
tru? to say t ! utility ( any sy/em (   
riv]s = transportation1 = irrigation1 = 
wat]p[]1 & = dome/ic supply dep5ds 9    
great "p ^u ! protection :i* =e/s (f] to
 ! headwat]s ( ! /reams1 & t )\t su*    
protection none ( ^! uses c be expect$  
long to endure4  ,( ! two basic mat]ials
 ( our civilization1 iron & wood1 ! =e/ 
supplies "o4 ,! dom9ant place ( ! =e/ 9 
our national economy is well illu/rat$  
by ! fact t no article :atsoev]1 :e!r ( 
use or ornam5t1 :e!r x be = food1 %elt]1
 clo?+1 conv5i5ce1 protection1 or       
decoration1 c be produc$ & deliv]$ to ! 
us]1 z indu/ry is n[ organiz$1 )\t !    
help ( ! =e/ 9 supply+ wood4 ,an        
exam9ation ( ! hi/ory ( any article1    

includ+ ! production ( ! raw mat]ial1 & 
its manufacture1 transportation1 &      
di/ribution1 w at once make ?is po9t    
cle>4  ,! =e/ is a national necessity4  
,)\t ! mat]ial1 ! protection1 & !       
assi/ance x supplies1 no nation c long  
succe$4 ,_m regions ( ! old _w1 su* z   
,pale/9e1 ,greece1 ,nor!rn ,africa1 &   
,c5tral ,india1 (f] 9 !mselves ! mo/    
impressive object lessons ( ! effect ^u 
national prosp]ity & national "* ( !    
neglect ( ! =e/ & its consequ5t         
de/ruction4     ,,! ,,=e/]',s ,,po9t ,,(
 ,,view   ,! c5tral idea ( ! ,=e/]1 9   
h&l+ ! =e/1 is to promote & p]petuate   
its greate/ use to m54 ,8 purpose is to 
make x s]ve ! greate/ good ( ! greate/  
numb] = ! longe/ "t4 ,be=e ! memb]s (   
any o!r pr(ession deal+ ) natural       
res\rces1 ! ,=e/]s acquir$ ! long look  
ahead4 ,?is 0 only natural1 because 9   
=e/ry x is seldom t a man lives to h>ve/
 ! crop :i* he help$ to s[4 ,! ,=e/] mu/
 look =w>d1 because ! natural res\rce ) 
:i* he deals matures s sl[ly1 & because1

 if /eps are to be tak5 to insure =     
succe$+ g5]ations a supply ( ! ?+s ! =e/
 yields1 !y mu/ be tak5 long 9 advance4 
,! idea ( us+ ! =e/ fir/ = ! greate/    
good ( ! pres5t g5]ation1 & !n = !      
greate/ good ( succe$+ g5]ations ?r\gh !
 long future ( ! nation & ! race--t is !
 ,=e/]'s po9t ( view4  ,! use ( =esight 
to insure ! exi/5ce ( ! =e/ 9 ! future1 
&1 s f> z practicable1 ! cont9u$ or     
increas+ abundance ( its s]vice to m51  
naturally sugge/$ ! use ( =esight 9 !   
same way z to o!r natural res\rces z    
well4 ,?us x 0 ! ,=e/]'s po9t ( view1   
appli$ n only to ! =e/ b to ! l&s1 !    
m9]als1 & ! /reams1 :i* produc$ !       
,cons]vation policy4 ,! idea ( apply+   
=esight & common-s5se to ! o!r natural  
res\rces z well z to ! =e/ 0 natural &  
inevitable4 ,x works out1 equally z a   
matt] ( c\rse1 into ! conception ( a    
plann$ & ord]ly developm5t ( all t ! e>?
 conta9s = ! uses ( m54 ,?is leads 9    
turn to ! application ( ! same pr9ciple 
to o!r que/ions & res\rces4 ,x 0 =ese5 f

 ! beg9n+ by ^? :o 7 responsible =      
inaugurat+ ! ,cons]vation movem5t t its 
natural developm5t w\ld 9 "t "w out into
 a plann$ & ord]ly s*eme = national     
effici5cy1 bas$ on ! elim9ation ( wa/e1 
& direct$ t[>d ! be/ use ( all we h = ! 
greate/ good ( ! greate/ numb] = !      
longe/ "t4 ,x is easy to see t ?is      
pr9ciple 7! ,=e/]'s pr9ciple1 fir/      
br\ght to public att5tion by ,=e/]s7 is 
! key to national success4  ,=e/ry1 !n1 
is se5 to be peculi>ly ess5tial to !    
national prosp]ity1 bo? n[ & h]eaft]4   
,national degradation & decay h uni=mly 
foll[$ ! excessive de/ruction ( =e/s by 
o!r nations1 & w inevitably become our  
portion if we cont9ue to de/roy our =e/s
 ?ree times fa/] ?an !y are produc$1 z  
we are do+ n[4 ,! pr9ciples ( =e/ry1    
!re=e1 mu/ occupy a comm&+ place 9      
det]m9+ ! future prosp]ity or failure ( 
our nation1 & ?is comm&+ position 9 !   
field ( ideas is naturally & prop]ly    
reflect$ 9 ! dignity & high /&+ :i* !   
pr(ession ( =e/ry1 "y z x is1 has       

already acquir$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is 
position x mu/ be ! fir/ c>e ( e memb] (
 ! pr(ession to ma9ta9 & increase4  ,9 !
 long run1 no pr(ession rises high] ?an 
! degree ( public consid]ation :i* m>ks 
its memb]s4 ,! pr(ession ( =e/ry is 9 _m
 ways a peculi>ly responsible pr(ession1
 b 9 no?+ m s ?an 9 its vital connection
 ) ! :ole future welf>e ( our c\ntry & 9
 ! obligation :i* lies ^u its memb]s to 
see t its reputation & /&+1 :i* are !   
measures ( its capacity = usefulness1   
are kept /rong & cle>4     ,,!          
,,e/abli%m5t ,,( ,,=e/ry   ,9 ! ,unit$  
,/ates1 =e/ry is pass+ out ( ! pione]   
phase ( agitation & ! education ( public
 op9ion1 & into ! p]man5t phase ( !     
practice ( ! pr(ession4 ,! fir/ /eps 9  
=e/ry 9 ?is c\ntry1 z 9 any o!r :]e !   
developm5t & de/ruction ( natural       
res\rces has be5 rapid1 7 necess>ily    
direct$ ma9ly to in=m+ ! public m9d ^u !
 importance ( =e/ry1 & to build+ up     
national & ,/ate laws & organizations = 
! protection ( timb]l&s set aside = !   

public b5efit4 ,! "r to be he>d )       
respect by ! m5 :o 7 already 9 control (
 ! l>g] "p ( our total =e/ weal? _h to  
be won1 & has be5 won4 ,:at is m1 9 !   
tee? ( ! bitt]e/ opposition ( private   
special int]e/s1 ! "r ( ! public to fir/
 consid]ation 9 ! protection &          
developm5t ( ! =e/ & ( all ! res\rces x 
conta9s _h to be ass]t$ & e/abli%$4 ,t  
has n[ be5 done4  ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ^! 
/eps 9 ! movem5t = ! wise use ( ! =e/ h 
be5 tak5 ma9ly 9 ! la/ doz5 or fifte5   
ye>s1 dur+ :i* ! ,f$]al =e/ organization
 has gr[n f an insignificant division ( 
less ?an a doz5 m5 to ! pres5t ,unit$   
,/ates ,=e/ ,s]vice1 ( m ?an ?ree ?\s&  
memb]s4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod1 also1 =e/ry1   
bo? z a pr(ession & z a public          
necessity1 has won endur+ public        
recognition1 & at ! same "t m public    
timb]l& has be5 set aside = ! public use
 & to rema9 9 ! public h&s ?an dur+ all 
! re/ ( our hi/ory put toge!r4 ,to-day !
 ,national ,=e/s are reasonably safe 9 !
 protection ( public op9ion1 n aga9/ all

 attack1 x is true1 b aga9/ any         
successful attempt to dismemb] & turn !m
 ov] to ! special int]e/s :o already    
control ! bulk & ! be/ ( our =e/s4 ,!   
public has accept$ =e/ry z necess>y to !
 public welf>e1 bo? 9 ! pres5t & 9 !    
future2 ,/ate =e/ organizations are     
spr++ up2 =e/ry has won ! "r to be he>d 
9 ! bus9ess (fices z well z 9 !         
conv5tions ( ! private own]s ( =e/ l&2 &
 ! "t = ! practice ( ! pr(ession has    
fully come4     ,,! ,,"w ,,( ,a ,,=e/]  
,:at does a ,=e/] d8 ,i w try to answ]  
?is "q1 fir/1 ) ref]5ce to ! ,unit$     
,/ates ,=e/ ,s]vice1 & lat] z to !      
num]\s o!r fields ( activity :i* are    
op5+ or h already op5$ to ! tra9$ ,=e/] 
9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4     ,,! ,,=e/        
,,s]vice   ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,=e/ ,s]vice
 is responsible bo? = ! g5]al progress (
 =e/ry1 s f> z ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t
 is conc]n$1 & = ! protection & use ( ! 
,national ,=e/s4 ,^! ,national ,=e/s n[ 
cov] an area ( "o hundr$ & eighty-sev5  
million acres1 or z mu* l& z is includ$ 

9 all ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates1 ) ,new      
,york1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,new ,j]sey1       
,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia & ,we/       
,virg9ia4 ,! head ( ! ,s]vice1 ^:       
(ficial title is ,=e/]1 is *>g$ ) !     
great task ( protect+ ?is va/ area aga9/
 fire1 !ft1 & o!r depr$ations1 & ( mak+ 
all its res\rces1 ! wood1 wat]1 & grass1
 ! m9]als1 & ! soil1 available & useful 
to ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates "u regulations 
:i* w secure developm5t & prev5t        
de/ruction or wa/e4  ,! ,unit$ ,/ates   
,=e/ ,s]vice consi/s1 fir/1 ( a         
protective =ce ( ,=e/ ,gu>ds & ,=e/     
,rang]s1 :o sp5d practically ! :ole ( _!
 "t 9 ! =e/2 second1 ( an executive /aff
 ( ,=e/ ,sup]visors & _! assi/ants1 :o h
 imm$iate *>ge ( ! h&l+ ( ! ,national   
,=e/s2 & ?ird1 ( an adm9i/rative /aff   
divid$ betwe5 headqu>t]s 9 ,wa%+ton & ! 
six local adm9i/rative (fices 9 ! ,we/1 
:]e ! ,national ,=e/s ma9ly lie4  ,! "w 
( a ,=e/ ,rang] is1 fir/ ( all1 to      
protect ! ,di/rict committ$ to 8 *>ge   
aga9/ fire4 ,t comes be=e all else4 ,= t

 purpose1 ! ,rang] patrols 8 ,di/rict   
dur+ ! seasons :5 fires are dang]\s1 or 
wat*es = signs ( fire f c]ta9 high      
po9ts1 call$ fire-look\ts1 or bo?4 ,he  
keeps ! trails & fire l9es cle> & !     
telephone 9 work+ ord]1 & sees to x t ! 
fire fight+ tools1 su* z spades1 axes1 &
 rakes1 are 9 good condition & ready =  
s]vice4 ,if he is wise1 he e/abli%es su*
 relations ) ! p :o live 9 8            
neighborhood t !y become 8 volunte]     
assi/ants 9 wat*+ = =e/ fires1 9 tak+   
precautions aga9/ !m1 & 9 notify+ him ( 
!m :5 !y d take place4 ,illu/ration3    
,,/r++ ,a ,,=e/ ,,telephone ,,l9e       
,fight+ a =e/ fire 9 "s respects is l   
fight+ a fire 9 a city4 ,9 bo?1 ! fir/ &
 mo/ necess>y ?+ is to get m5 & app>atus
 to ! site ( ! fire at ! fir/           
practicable mom5t4 ,= ?is purpose1      
fire-eng9es & m5 are always ready 9 !   
city1 :ile 9 ! =e/ ! telephones1 trails1
 & bridges mu/ be kept 9 condition1 & ! 
=e/ (fic]s mu/ be ready to move in/antly
 day or night4  ,x is f> bett] to prev5t

 a =e/ fire f />t+ ?an to h to put x out
 aft] x has />t$2 b 9 spite ( all ! c>e 
t c be ex]cis$ ) ! means at h&1 _m fires
 />t4 ,ea* ye> ! ,=e/ ,s]vice m5 ext+ui%
 n less ?an ?ree ?\s& fires1 ne>ly all (
 !m :ile !y are /ill small4 ,at times1  
h[ev]1 :5 ! woods are v dry & ! w9d bl[s
 h>d1 9 spite ( all t c be done1 a fire 
w gr[ l>ge en\gh to be dang]\s n only to
 ! =e/ b to human life4 ,?us 9 ! summ] (
 #aiaj1 ! drie/ ev] kn[n 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( 
! ,we/1 high w9ds drove ! =e/ fires cle>
 beyond ! control ( ! fire fight]s1 _m (
 :om 7 compell$ to fight = _! own lives4
  ,! wor/ ( ^! fires 7 9 ,montana &     
,idaho1 :]e ! :ole p[] ( ! ,=e/ ,s]vice 
0 us$ aga9/ !m4 ,! ,=e/ ,rang]s1 "u !   
ord]s ( _! ,sup]visors1 imm$iately      
organiz$ or took *>ge ( small companies 
( fire fight]s1 & began ! "w ( gett+ !m 
"u control4 ,b s fi]ce 0 ! w9d & s      
t]rible ! heat ( ! fires & ! spe$ ) :i* 
!y mov$1 t 9 _m places x became a "q (  
sav+ ! lives ( ! fire fight]s r ?an (   
putt+ out ! fires4 ,z a matt] ( fact1   

ne>ly a hundr$ ( ! m5 tempor>ily employ$
 to help ! ,gov]nm5t fire fight]s lo/ _!
 lives1 & _m m w\ld h di$ b = ! c\rage1 
res\rce1 & k ( ! woods ( ! ,=e/ ,rang]s4
  ,take1 = example1 ! case ( ,rang]     
,edw>d ,c4 ,pulaski1 ( ! ,coeur d',al5e 
,national ,=e/1 /ation$ at ,wallace1    
,idaho4 ,pulaski _h *>ge ( =ty ,italians
 & ,poles4 ,he _h be5 at "w ) !m = _m   
h\rs1 :5 ! flames grew to be s ?reat5+ t
 x became a "q ( :e!r he c\ld save 8 m54
 ,! fire 0 travell+ fa/] ?an ! m5 c\ld  
make _! way ?r\gh ! d5se =e/1 & ! only  
hope 0 to f9d "s place into :i* ! fire  
c\ld n come4 ,accord+ly ,pulaski guid$ 8
 p>ty at a run ?r\gh ! bl9d+ smoke to an
 ab&on$ m9e he knew ( 9 ! neighborhood4 
,:5 !y rea*$ x1 he s5t ! m5 into !      
work+s ahead ( him1 hung a wet blanket  
across ! m\? ( ! tunnel1 & himself /ood 
!re on gu>d4 ,! fi]ce heat1 ! /ifl+ air1
 & _! deadly fe> drove "s ( ! =eign]s   
tempor>ily insane1 & a numb] ( !m tri$  
to break out4 ,) drawn revolv] ,pulaski 
held !m back4 ,"o man did get by him & 0

 burn$ to dea?4 ,_m fa9t$ 9 ! tunnel4 ,!
 ,rang] himself1 m expos$ ?an any ( 8   
m51 0 t]ribly burn$4 ,he /ood at 8 po/1 
h[ev]1 = five h\rs1 until ! fire _h     
pass$1 & br\ght 8 p>ty ?r\gh )\t los+ a 
s+le man except t "o :o got out ( !     
tunnel1 al?\gh 8 own injuries 7 s sev]e 
t he 0 9 ! hospital = two mon?s z a     
result ( !m4 ,! record ( ! ,=e/ ,s]vice 
9 ^! t]rible fires is "o ( :i* e ,=e/]  
may well be pr\d4  ,! ,rang] mu/ protect
 8 ,di/rict1 n only aga9/ fire b aga9/ !
 !ft ( timb] & ! incessant ef=ts ( l&   
grabb]s to /eal ,gov]nm5t l&s4 ,to      
prev5t ! !ft ( timb] is usually n       
difficult1 b x is f> h>d] to prev5t fake
 home/ead]s1 fraudul5t m9+ m51 & o!r    
di%one/ claimants f seiz+ ^u l& to :i*  
!y h no "r1 & s prev5t+ hone/ m5 f us+  
^! claims to make a liv+4  ,9 ! pa/1 ?is
 problem has pres5t$ ! mo/ s]i\s        
difficulties1 & /ill occasionally does  
s4 ,!re is no l\d] %\t] = ju/ice ?an a  
balk$ habitual l& ?ief ) political      
influ5ce beh9d him4 ,to illu/rate ! k9d 

( attack ^u ! ,=e/ ,s]vice to :i*       
fraudul5t l& claims h con/antly giv5    
rise1 ,i may cite ! /atem5ts made dur+  
"o ( ! annual attempts 9 ! ,s5ate to    
break d[n ! ,s]vice4 ,"o ( ! ,s5ators   
ass]t$ t 9 8 ,/ate ! ,=e/ ,s]vice 0     
ov]be>+ & tyrannical1 & t 9 a p>ticul>  
case x _h driv5 out ( 8 home a citiz5   
kn[n to ! ,s5ator1 & _h left him & 8    
family to w&] h\seless ^u ! hillside1 & 
t = no good reason :atsoev]4  ,?is      
/atem5t1 if x _h be5 true1 w\ld at once 
h de/roy$ ! /&+ ( ! ,s]vice 9 ! m9ds (  
_m ( its fri5ds1 & w\ld h l$ to imm$iate
 defeat 9 ! fight !n go+ on4 ,=tunately1
 ! records ( ! ,s]vice 7 s complete1 & !
 k ( field conditions on ! "p ( ! m5 9  
,wa%+ton 0 s ?or\gh1 t ! m]e m5tion ( ! 
g5]al locality ( ! suppos$ outrage by ! 
,s5ator made x easy to id5tify !        
individual case4 ,! man 9 "q1 in/ead (  
be+ an hone/ settl] ) a wife & family1 0
 ! keep] ( a disreputable saloon & dance
 hall1 a well-kn[n law-break] :om !     
local au?orities _h tri$ "t & aga9 to   

dispossess & drive away4 ,b by means ( 8
 fraudul5t claim ! man _h always defeat$
 ! local (fic]s4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! (fic]s ( 
! ,=e/ ,s]vice took ! case 9 h&1 !      
situation *ang$ & ?+s mov$ quickly4 ,!  
disreputable saloon 0 promptly remov$ f 
! fraudul5t l& claim by means ( :i* !   
keep] ( x _h held on1 & ?is ?or\ghly    
undesirable citiz5 ei!r w5t out (       
bus9ess or remov$ 8 abom9able trade to  
"s locality outside ! ,national ,=e/4   
,! actual facts 7 fully br\ght out 9 !  
debate next day1 rema9$ uncontradict$1 &
 sav$ ! fight = ! ,=e/ ,s]vice4 ,! :ole 
incid5t may be f\nd at l5g? 9 !         
,congressional ,record4  ,! ,=e/ ,rang] 
is *>g$ ) ov]see+ & regulat+ ! free use 
( timb] by settl]s & o!rs :o live 9 or  
ne> ! ,national ,=e/s4 ,la/ ye> 7#aiab7 
! ,=e/ ,s]vice gave away )\t *>ge m ?an 
#aif1jjj wor? ( saw timb]1 h\se logs1   
f5c+1 fuel1 & o!r mat]ial to m5 & wom5  
:o ne$$ x = _! own use4 ,usually x is ! 
,rang]'s "w to issue ! p]mits = ?is free
 use1 & to designate ! timb] t may be   

cut4 ,= ?is purpose1 he mu/ be well     
acqua9t$ ) ! k9ds & ! uses ( ! trees 9 8
 ,di/rict1 & x is mo/ important t he    
%\ld "k some?+ ( h[ _! reproduction c   
be/ be secur$1 9 ord] t ! free use may  
be p]mitt$ )\t injury to ! future welf>e
 ( ! =e/4  ,a ,rang] ov]sees ! use ( 8  
,di/rict = ! graz+ ( cattle1 %eep1 & o!r
 dome/ic animals4 ,he mu/ acqua9t       
himself ) ! br&s & m>ks ( ! v>i\s own]s1
 & %\ld be well po/$ 9 ! ess5tials ( !  
bus9ess ( rais+ cattle1 %eep1 & horses4 
,! allotm5t ( graz+ areas is "o ( ! mo/ 
difficult problems to adju/1 because !  
dem& is almo/ always = mu* m range ?an  
is available & ! division ( :at range   
!re is among ! local own]s ( /ock (t5   
pres5ts s]i\s difficulties1 9 :i* !     
,rang]'s local k & advice is con/antly  
s\ght by 8 sup]ior (fic]4  ,!re is a    
wise law1 pass$ at ! reque/ ( ! ,=e/    
,s]vice1 "u :i* l& 9 ! ,national ,=e/s  
:i* is %[n to be agricultural may be    
ent]$ "u ! home/ead law1 & us$ = ! mak+ 
( homes4 ,?is law is peculi>ly h>d to   

c>ry out because ! ceaseless ef=ts ( l& 
grabb]s to misuse x dem& great vigilance
 on ! "p ( ! ,=e/ ,(fic]s4 ,9 _m cases x
 is ! ,rang] :o makes ! report ^u :i* ! 
decision z to ! agricultural or         
non-agricultural "* ( ! l& is bas$1     
al?\gh 9 o!r cases ! exam9ations to     
det]m9e :e!r ! l& is really agricultural
 9 "* are made by ,exam9]s especially   
tra9$ = ?is duty4 ,s]i\s controv]sies   
into :i* politics ent] are (t5 caus$ by 
! ef=ts ( speculators & o!rs1 "u pretext
 ( ?is law1 to get possession ( l&s     
*iefly valuable = _! timb]4  ,! build+ &
 ma9t5ance ( trails1 telephone l9es1    
roads1 bridges1 & f5ces 9 8 ,di/rict is 
"u ! *>ge ( ! ,rang]1 & 9 _m cases      
,rang]s & ,=e/ ,gu>ds are appo9t$ by !  
,/ate z ,w>d5s to see to x t ! game &   
fi% laws are prop]ly en=c$4  ,next to ! 
protection ( 8 ,di/rict f fire1 ! mo/   
important duty ( ! ,rang] has to d ) !  
sale ( timb] & ! m>k+ ( ! individual    
trees :i* are to be cut4 ,! reproduction
 ( ! =e/ dep5ds directly on :at trees   

are kept = se$1 or on h[ ! exi/+ "y gr[?
 is protect$ & pres]v$ 9 fell+ & swamp+ 
! trees :i* h be5 m>k$ = cutt+1 & 9     
skidd+ ! logs4 ,! disposal ( ! sla% mu/ 
be look$ aft]1 = x has mu* to d ) =e/   
reproduction1 & ) promot+ safety f fire4
 ,!n1 ! scal+ ( ! logs det]m9es ! am\nt 
( ! paym5t ! ,gov]nm5t receives = its   
timb]1 & !re are (t5 regulations gov]n+ 
! transportation ( ! scal$ logs ^:      
en=cem5t is ( great consequ5ce to !     
future =e/4  ,illu/ration3 ,,=e/        
,,rang]s ,,scal+ ,,timb]  ,ne>ly all (  
^! duties ! ,rang] may p]=m 9 c]ta9     
cases )\t sup]vision1 if 8 judgm5t &    
tra9+ are suffici5t1 b ! m>k+ especially
 is (t5 done "u ! eye or 9 accordance ) 
! directions ( ! te*nical ,=e/]1 ^: duty
 x is to see t ! future ( ! =e/ is      
protect$ by en=c+ ! conditions ( sale4  
,^! are b a "p ( ! duties ( ! ,rang]1 = 
he is conc]n$ ) all ! uses :i* 8        
,di/rict may s]ve4 ,! /reams1 = example1
 may be important = city wat] supply1   
irrigation1 or = wat]p[]1 & _! use = ^! 

purposes mu/ be "u 8 eye4 ,hotels &     
saw-mills on sites leas$ f ! ,gov]nm5t  
may dot 8 ,di/rict "h & !re4 ,! l& )9   
,national ,=e/s may be put to a ?\s& o!r
 uses1 f a bee ran* on ! ,clevel& ,=e/ 9
 s\!rn ,cali=nia to a :al+ /ation on !  
,tongass ,=e/ 9 ,alaska1 all ( :i* means
 "w = him4  ,! result ( all ?is is t !  
,rang] comes 9 contact ) city dwell]s1  
irrigators1 cattlem51 %eepm51 & horsem51
 ran*]s1 /orekeep]s1 hotel m51 hunt]s1  
m9]s1 & lumb]m51 & above all ) ! settl]s
 :o live 9 or ne> 8 ,di/rict4 ,) all ^! 
x is 8 duty to keep on good t]ms1 = well
 he kn[s t "o man at c]ta9 times c set m
 fires ?an a regim5t c ext+ui%1 & t !   
be/ protection = 8 ,di/rict comes f !   
fri5dly int]e/ ( ! m5 :o live 9 x or ne>
 x4  ,a ,=e/ ,gu>d is 9 effect an       
assi/ant to ! ,rang]1 & may be call$ ^u 
to c>ry out mo/ ( ! duties :i* fall ^u a
 ,rang]4  ,! =ego+ %ort /atem5t w make x
 cle> t prelim9>y exp]i5ce z a ,rang]   
may be ( ! utmo/ value to ! man :o      
proposes lat] on to p]=m 9 ! ,gov]nm5t  

,s]vice ! duties ( a tra9$ ,=e/]4 ,x is 
becom+ m & m common1 & =tunately s1 =   
graduates ( =e/ s*ools to beg9 _! "w 9 !
 ,unit$ ,/ates ,=e/ ,s]vice z ,rang]s or
 ,=e/ ,gu>ds4 ,! man :o has done well a 
,rang]'s "w1 l ! graduate ( an eng9e]+  
s*ool :o1 aft] graduation1 has ent]$ a  
ma*9e %op z a h&1 has acquir$ a body (  
practical in=mation & exp]i5ce :i* w be 
invaluable to him 9 ! lat] practice ( 8 
pr(ession1 & :i* is f> beyond ! rea* (  
any man :o has n be5 tra9$ 9 ! actual   
execution ( ?is "w on ! gr\nd & 9 actual
 daily contact ) ! multif>i\s uses &    
us]s ( ! =e/4     ,,! ,,=e/ ,,sup]visor 
,illu/ration3 ,,we/]n ,,yell[ ,,p9e     
,,se$ ,,collect$ ,,by ,,! ,,=e/ ,,s]vice
 ,,= ,,plant+ ,,up ,,d5ud$ ,,l&s  ,!    
,sup]visor is ! g5]al manag] ( a        
,national ,=e/4 ,! responsibility = !   
protection1 c>e1 & use ( x falls ^u him1
 "u ! direction ( ! ,di/rict ,=e/]4 ,!  
,sup]visor is responsible = mak+ ! use (
 8 =e/ z valuable & z conv5i5t z        
possible = ! p 9 & ar\nd ! area ( :i* he

 has *>ge4 ,he deals ) ! organizations (
 =e/ us]s1 su* z local /ock             
associations1 & issues p]mits = graz+   
live /ock 9 ! =e/4 ,p]mits = cutt+ small
 am\nts ( timb] are grant$ by him1 & he 
adv]tises 9 ! pap]s ! sale ( l>g] am\nts
 & receives bids f prospective pur*as]s2
 keeps ! acc\nts ( 8 =e/2 & makes regul>
 reports on a v>iety ( important        
subjects1 su* z ! p]sonnel ( 8 =e/ =ce1 
! p]man5t improvem5ts made or to be     
made1 ! p]mits issu$ = regul> & special 
uses ( ! =e/ & = free use ( timb] &     
=age1 ! numb] & k9ds ( pr$atory animals 
kill$1 ! am\nt ( =e/ plant+ accompli%$1 
& ! exp5se & losses f =e/ fires4 ,he has
 g5]al ov]sight ( ! roads1 trails1 & o!r
 improvem5ts on 8 =e/2 & prep>es plans =
 ! ext5sion ( !m4 ,9 p>ticul>1 he       
directs1 controls1 & inspects ! "w ( !  
,rang] & ,gu>ds1 & 9 g5]al1 he att5ds to
 ! ?\s& & "o matt]s :i* g to adju/+ !   
use ( ! =e/ to ! ne$s ( ! m5 :o use x1 &
 on :i* dep5ds :e!r ! =e/ is well or    
badly ?\ght ( among ! p ^: coop]ation or

 opposition h s mu* to d ) mak+ its     
managem5t successful or o!rwise4  ,!    
,sup]visor sp5ds ab\t half 8 "t 9 !     
(fice & half 9 ! field1 inspect+ ! "w ( 
8 m5 & consult+ ) !m1 meet+ local       
resid5ts or associations ( local        
resid5ts :o h propositions to submit =  
improv+ ! s]vice ( ! =e/ to !m1 or =    
correct+ mi/akes1 or :o wi% to lay be=e 
! ,sup]visor "s "o ( ! numb]less matt]s 
9 :i* ! =e/ affects _! welf>e4 ,!       
usefulness ( ! ,sup]visor dep5ds z mu*  
^u 8 good judgm5t1 8 ability to meet m5 
& d bus9ess ) !m1 & 8 k ( local ne$s &  
local affairs1 z x does ^u 8 k ( ! =e/  
itself4 ,z 9 ! case ( e sup]ior (fic]1 8
 attitude t[>d 8 "w1 8 en]gy1 8 good    
s5se1 & 8 good w are or %\ld be reflect$
 9 ! m5 "u him1 s t 8 position is "o ( !
 greate/ importance 9 det]m9+ ! success 
or failure ( ea* ,national ,=e/1 & h5ce 
( ! ,=e/ ,s]vice z a :ole4 ,m & m ( !   
tra9$ ,=e/]s 9 ! ,s]vice are seek+ &    
secur+ appo9tm5ts z ,=e/ ,sup]visors    
because ( ! int]e/ & satisfaction !y f9d

 9 ! "w4 ,su* m5 h&le bo? ! pr(essional 
& bus9ess sides ( =e/ managem5t4 ,_m (  
_! duties1 !re=e1 are describ$ 9 !      
succe$+ *apt]4  ,! position ( ,sup]visor
 is 9 _m respects ! mo/ desirable a     
tra9$ ,=e/] c occupy 9 ! ,=e/ ,s]vice1 &
 ! mo/ responsible ( ! field positions4 
,,! ,,tra9$ ,,=e/]   ,to ea* =e/ :]e    
timb] cutt+ has become important !re are
 assign$ "o or m ,=e/ ,assi/ants or ,=e/
 ,exam9]s4 ,^! are pr(essionally tra9$  
,=e/]s4 ,!y are subord9ate ^u ea* =e/ to
 ! ,sup]visor z manag]1 b x is _! "w :i*
 has mo/ to d ) decid+ :e!r ! ,=e/      
,s]vice 9 g5]al is to be successful or  
is to fail 9 ! great task ( pres]v+ !   
=e/ by wise use4  ,! ,=e/ ,assi/ant     
secures 8 position ) ! ,s]vice by pass+ 
an exam9ation devis$ to te/ 8 te*nical k
 & 8 ability4 ,aft] he has s]v$ two ye>s
 z ,=e/ ,assi/ant ! quality & quantity (
 8 "w w h det]m9$ 8 fitness to cont9ue 9
 ! employ ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,if he is unfit
 he may be dropp$1 = !re are _m "y &    
ambiti\s m5 ready to /ep into 8 place4  

,if he makes good he is promot$ to !    
grade ( ,=e/ ,exam9] & is put def9itely 
9 *>ge ( c]ta9 l9es ( pr(essional "w2   
always1 ( c\rse1 "u ! direction ( !     
,sup]visor1 ( :om he becomes ! advis] on
 all problems involv+ te*nical =e/ry4   
,! mo/ important tasks ( ! tra9$ ,=e/]  
on a ,national ,=e/ are ! prep>ation (  
work+ plans = ! use ( ! =e/ by me?ods   
:i* w protect & p]petuate x z well1 & ! 
c>ry+ out ( ! plans :5 made4 ,?is is    
=e/ry 9 ! te*nical s5se ( ! ^w4 ,x      
involves a ?or\gh /udy ( ! k9ds ( timb]1
 _! am\nt & location1 _! rate ( gr[?1 _!
 value1 ! ease or difficulty ( _!       
reproduction1 & ! me?ods by :i* ! timb] 
c be cut at a pr(it & at ! same "t !    
reproduction ( ! =e/ c be safely secur$4
 ,a work+ plan usually includes a       
consid]able numb] ( maps1 :i* (t5 h to  
be drawn 9 ! fir/ place f actual surveys
 on ! gr\nd by ! ,=e/ ,exam9]4 ,^! maps 
conta9 ! in=mation secur$ by work+-plan 
/udies1 & are ( ! fir/ necessity = !    
wise & skilful h&l+ ( ! =e/4 ,!y (t5    

con/itute1 also1 mo/ important docum5ts 
9 ! hi/ory ( its condition & use4  ,on  
_m ( ! ,national ,=e/s ! ne$ = imm$iate 
use ( ! timb] is s urg5t & s j t !re is 
no "t to prep>e elaborate work+ plans4  
,timb] sales mu/ be made1 & made at     
once2 b !y mu/ be made1 nev]!less1 9 a  
way t w fully protect ! future welf>e ( 
! =e/4 ,:e!r work+ plans c be prep>$ or 
n1 a mo/ important duty ( ! te*nical    
,=e/] is to "w out ! conditions "u :i* a
 giv5 body ( timb] c be cut ) safety to 
! =e/1 especially ) safety to its       
reproduction & future gr[?4 ,! pr9cipal 
/udy = a timb] sale w usually include an
 exam9ation ( ! g5]al features &        
condition ( ! =e/1 & ! det]m9ation ( !  
diamet] d[n to :i* x is advisable to cut
 ! /&+ trees1 a diamet] :i* mu/ be fix$ 
at su* a size z w protect ! =e/ & make !
 lumb]+ pay4 ,x w include also an       
inve/igation1 m or less ?or\gh &        
complete1 z ! conditions w>rant1 ( !    
silvical habits ( "o or m ( ! species ( 
trees 9 t =e/4 ,! areas :i* =m natural  

units = ! logg+ & transportation ( !    
timb] mu/ be work$ out & laid (f1 &     
c>eful e/imates1 or measurem5ts1 ( !    
am\nt ( /&+ timb] & ( its value on !    
/ump mu/ be made1 z well z ( ! co/ (    
mov+ x to ! mill or to ! railroad4  ,!  
,=e/ ,exam9] mu/ also consid]1 9 _m     
cases1 ! build+ ( logg+ roads or        
railroads1 timb] slides1 etc41 & mu/    
make a c>eful /udy ( ! mat]ial into :i* 
! trees to be cut c be/ be work$ up1 & (
 ! value ( su* mat]ial 9 ! m>ket4 ,mo/ (
 all1 h[ev]1 he mu/ /udy1 ?9k ov]1 &    
decide :at he w recomm5d z to !         
conditions :i* are to gov]n ! logg+     
conditions by :i* ! protection ( ! =e/  
is to be insur$4 ,^! conditions1 fix$ by
 8 sup]iors ^u ! report ( ! ,=e/        
,exam9]1 det]m9e :e!r an individual     
timb] sale is =e/ry or =e/ de/ruction4  
,?is is ! c5tral "q 9 ! adm9i/ration ( !
 ,national ,=e/s f ! national po9t (    
view4  ,! pr9cipal objects ( !          
conditions laid d[n = a timb] sale are  
always ! reproduction ( ! =e/ & its     

safety aga9/ fire4 ,natural reproduction
 f self-s[n se$ is almo/ inv>iably !    
result desir$2 & s ! "q ( ! se$ trees to
 be left1 & h[ !y are to be locat$ or   
spac$1 is fundam5tal1 unless !re is     
ample "y gr[? already on ! gr\nd4 ,9 !  
latt] case ?is "y gr[? mu/ n be sma%$ or
 b5t by ?r[+ ! old] trees on top ( x1 or
 aga9/ x1 & ! "y sapl+s b5t d[n by !    
fell$ tops mu/ be promptly releas$4  ,9 
ord] to avoid dang] to ! "y gr[? already
 pres5t or to be secur$1 z well z to    
protect ! old] trees f fires1 ! sla%    
produc$ 9 lumb]+1 ! tops lopp$ f ! trees
 up to & beyond ! highe/ po9t to :i* !  
lumb]m5 are requir$ to take ! logs1 mu/ 
be satisfactorily dispos$ (--ei!r by    
scatt]+ x ?9ly ov] ! gr\nd1 by pil+ &   
burn+1 or (t5 by pil+ alone4  ,^! & _m  
o!r conditions ( sale mu/ be /udi$ out 9
 a =m adapt$ to ea* p>ticul> case1 & mu/
 be discuss$ ) ! m5 :o propose to buy1  
:o (t5 h wise & practical sugge/ions to 
make4  ,simil> que/ions on a less       
important scale pres5t !mselves & mu/ be

 answ]$ 9 ! matt] ( small timb] sales1 &
 ( timb] giv5 )\t *>ge "u free-use      
p]mits to settl]s & o!rs4  ,:5 ! t]ms ( 
a contract ( sale h be5 work$ out &     
accept$ & ! timb] has be5 sold1 !n !    
,=e/ ,assi/ant has *>ge ( ! extremely   
int]e/+ task ( m>k+ ! trees t are to be 
cut1 9 accordance ) ^! t]ms4 ,usually   
?is is done by m>k+ all ! trees :i* are 
to be fell$1 b sometimes by m>k+ only ! 
trees :i* are to rema94  ,! m>k+ is     
usually done by blaz+ ea* tree & /amp+ !
 lett]s ,u4 ,s4 ^u ! blaze ) a ,gov]nm5t
 m>k+ axe or hat*et4 ,x mu/ be done 9   
su* a way t ! logg]s w h no excuse ei!r 
= cutt+ an unm>k$ tree or leav+ a m>k$  
tree uncut1 or vice v]sa1 z ! case may  
be4 ,! m>k+ may be c>ri$ out by !       
,rang]s & ,=e/ ,gu>ds "u sup]vision ( ! 
,=e/ ,assi/ant1 or 9 difficult          
situations he may m>k or direct ! m>k+ (
 ea* tree himself4 ,m>k+ is fasc9at+ "w4
  ,lat]1 :ile ! logg+ is "u way1 ! ,=e/ 
,exam9] w (t5 inspect x to see t ! t]ms 
( ! sale are compli$ )1 t ! trees cut   

are ?r[n 9 places :]e !y w n unduly     
damage ei!r "y gr[? or ! l>g] trees :i* 
are to rema91 & t ! o!r conditions laid 
d[n = ! logg+ 9 ! contract ( sale are   
obs]v$4 ,! scal+ ( ! logs to det]m9e !  
am\nt ( paym5t to ! ,gov]nm5t w _m times
 be "u 8 sup]vision1 al?\gh 9 ! l>g]    
sales ?is "w1 z well z ! r\t9e          
inspection ( ! logg+1 is usually c>ri$  
out by a special body ( exp]t lumb]m51  
:o (t5 br+ to x a mu* wid] k ( ! woods  
?an ! m5 9 actual *>ge ( ! lumb]+4  ,9  
ne>ly e ,national ,=e/ !re are areas ^u 
:i* ! trees h be5 de/roy$ by fire4 ,_m (
 ^! are s l>ge or s remote f se$-be>+   
trees t natural reproduction w n suffice
 to replace ! =e/4 ,9 su* localities    
plant+ is ne$$1 & = t purpose ! ,=e/    
,exam9] mu/ e/abli% & conduct a =e/     
nurs]y4 ,! decision on ! k9d ( trees to 
plant & on ! me?ods ( rais+ & plant+ !m1
 ! collection ( ! se$1 ! c>e &          
transplant+ ( ! "y trees until !y are   
set out on ! site ( ! future =e/1 =ms a 
task ( absorb+ int]e/4 ,su* "w (t5      

requires a high degree ( te*nical skill4
 ,x is likely to occupy a l>g] & l>g]   
%>e ( ! "t & att5tion ( ! tra9$ m5 ( !  
,=e/ ,s]vice4  ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,=e/   
,,exam9] ,,runn+ ,a ,,compass ,,l9e  ,! 
,=e/ ,assi/ant's or ,exam9]'s k (       
survey+ makes x natural = him to take an
 important "p 9 ! lay+ out ( new roads &
 trails 9 ! =e/1 or 9 correct+ ! l9es ( 
old ones1 & !re is little "w m          
imm$iately useful4 ,! =e/ c be safegu>d$
 effectively j 9 proportion to ! ease ) 
:i* all p>ts ( x c be rea*$4 ,=e/       
protection may be less te*nically       
int]e/+ ?an o!r p>ts ( ! ,=e/]'s "w1 b  
no?+ t he does is m important or pays   
l>g] divid5ds 9 future results4  ,9     
addition to 8 /udies ( ! habits &       
reproduction ( ! diff]5t trees = work+  
plans or timb] sales1 or simply to      
increase 8 k ( ! =e/1 ! ,=e/ ,exam9] is 
(t5 call$ ^u to lay out sample plots =  
asc]ta9+ ! exact relation ( ea* species 
to light1 heat1 & moi/ure1 or = /udy+   
its rate ( gr[?4 ,he may f9d x necess>y 

to det]m9e ! effect ( ! graz+ ( cattle  
or %eep on "y gr[? ( v>i\s species & (  
v>i\s ages1 or to asc]ta9 _! relative   
resi/ance to fire4 ,9 g5]al1 :at "t he c
 sp>e f m press+ duties is v fully      
occupi$ ) add+ to 8 silvical k by       
obs]vation1 ) /udies ( injuri\s insects 
or fungi1 ( ! reasons = ! increase or   
decrease ( valuable or wor?less species 
( trees 9 ! =e/1 ! innum]able second>y  
effects ( =e/ fires1 ! causes ( ! local 
di/ribution ( trees1 or ) "s o!r ( !    
?\s& que/ions :i* give a nev]-fail+     
int]e/ to "w 9 ! woods4  ,! protection (
 a valuable k9d ( tree (t5 dep5ds ^u !  
ability to f9d a use =1 & !re=e to      
remove1 a less-valuable species :i* is  
cr[d+ x out1 = z yet ! ,am]ican ,=e/] c 
d v little cutt+ or ?9n+ t does n pay4  
,j s1 ! protection ( a giv5 tract aga9/ 
fire may dep5d ^u ! ability to use1 &   
!re=e to remove1 a "p or ! :ole ( ! dead
 & d[n timb] :i* n[ makes x a fire trap4
 ,= su* reasons z ^!1 ! uses ( wood & ! 
m>kets = its disposal =m exce$+ly       

important bran*es ( /udy = ! ,=e/       
,exam9]1 :o w usually f9d t 8 duties    
require him to be ?or\ghly famili> ) !m4
  ,x is m & m common to f9d ea* ,=e/    
,(fic]--,rang]1 ,=e/ ,exam9]1 or        
,sup]visor--comb9+ 9 himself ! qualities
 & ! k requir$ to fill any or all ( !   
o!r positions4 ,! pr(essionally tra9$   
man :o develops m>k$ executive ability  
is likely to become a ,sup]visor1 j z a 
,rang]1 ) ! necess>y tra9+ & exp]i5ce1  
:o may wi% to devote himself to silvical
 inve/igations may be transf]r$ to t "w4
 ,! po9t is t ea* man has individual    
opportunity to e/abli% & occupy ! place 
= :i* he is be/ fitt$4  ,! success ( !  
te*nical ,=e/]1 l t ( ! ,rang]1 & inde$ 
( ne>ly e ,gov]nm5t ,=e/ ,(fic]1 9      
:atev] position or l9e ( "w1 w v        
frequ5tly dep5d on 8 good judgm5t &     
practical s5se1 ! *ief +r$i5t ( :i* w   
always be 8 k ( local ne$s & conditions1
 & 8 sympa!tic und]/&+ ( ! local po9t ( 
view4 ,?is does n mean t ! local po9t ( 
view is always to control4 ,on !        

contr>y1 ! ,=e/ ,(fic] mu/ (t5 decide   
aga9/ x 9 ! int]e/ ( ! welf>e ( ! l>g]  
public4 ,b ! desires & dem&s ( ! us]s ( 
! =e/ %\ld always be giv5 ! fulle/ he>+ 
& ! mo/ c>eful consid]ation4 ,to ?is    
rule !re is no exception :atsoev]4      
,,p]sonal ,,equipm5t   ,=e/ry diff]s f  
mo/ pr(essions 9 ?is1 t x requires z mu*
 vigor ( body z x does vigor ( m9d4 ,!  
sort ( man to :i* x appeals1 & :i* x    
seeks1 is ! man ) high p[]s (           
obs]vation1 :o does n %r9k f            
responsibility1 & ^: m5tal vigor is     
balanc$ by physical /r5g? & h>d9ess4 ,! 
man :o takes up =e/ry %\ld be little    
int]e/$ 9 8 own p]sonal com=t1 & %\ld h 
& cons]ve endurance en\gh to /& sev]e   
physical "w accompani$ by m5tal labor   
equally exhau/+4  ,=e/]s are /ill few 9 
numb]s1 & ! po9t ( view :i* !y repres5t1
 :ile x is mak+ imm5se /rides 9 public  
acceptance1 is /ill f> f g5]al          
application4 ,!re=e1 ,=e/]s are /ill    
mission>ies 9 a v real s5se1 & s9ce !y  
are s few1 x is ( ! utmo/ importance t  

!y %\ld /& closely toge!r4 ,diff]5ces ( 
op9ion !re mu/ always be 9 all          
pr(essions1 b !re is no o!r pr(ession 9 
:i* x is m important to keep ^!         
diff]5ces f work+ out into animosities  
or sep>ations ( any k9d4 ,we are =tunate
 above all 9 ?is1 t ,am]ican ,=e/]s are 
unit$ z probably ! memb]s ( no o!r      
pr(ession4 ,?is esprit de corps has giv5
 !m _! greate/ p[] ( a*ievem5t1 & any   
man :o proposes to ent] ! pr(ession %\ld
 d s ) ?is fact cle>ly 9 m9d4  ,! high  
/&>d :i* ! pr(ession ( =e/ry1 new 9 !   
,unit$ ,/ates1 has already rea*$1 its   
great p[] = usefulness to ! ,nation1 n[ 
& h]eaft]1 & ! l>ge responsibilities :i*
 fall s quickly on ! m5 :o are tra9$ to 
accept x--all ^! ?+s give to ! pr(ession
 a position & dignity :i* x %\ld be !   
fir/ c>e ( e man :o ent]s x to ma9ta9 or
 increase4  ,to /& well at graduation is
 or ought to be f> less ! object ( a    
,=e/]'s tra9+ ?an to /& well t5 or tw5ty
 ye>s aft] graduation4 ,x is ( ! fir/   
importance t ! tra9+ %\ld be ?or\gh &   

complete4  ,a fri5d ( m9e1 ,john ,muir1 
says t ! be/ advice he c give "y m5 is3 
,take "t to get ri*4 ,8 idea ( gett+ ri*
 is to fill 8 m9d & _s full )           
obs]vations ( ! nature he s deeply loves
 & s well und]/&s2 s t 9 8 m9d x is n   
money :i* makes ri*es1 b life 9 ! op5 & 
! see+ eye4  ,next to ^? basic traits ( 
p]sonal "*1 )\t :i* no man is wor? 8    
salt1 ! ,=e/]'s mo/ important quality is
 ! p[] ( obs]vation1 ! p[] to note &    
und]/&1 or seek to und]/&1 :at he sees 9
 ! =e/4 ,x is j z ess5tial a "p ( !     
,=e/]'s equipm5t to be able to see :at  
is wrong ) a piece ( =e/1 & :at is      
requir$ = its improvem5t1 z x is        
necess>y = a physician to be able to    
diagnose a disease & to prescribe !     
rem$y4  ,silvics1 :i* may be said to be 
! k ( h[ trees behave 9 heal? & disease 
t[>d ea* o!r1 & t[>d light1 heat1       
moi/ure1 & ! soil1 is ! f\ndation (     
=e/ry & ! ,=e/]'s fir/ task is to br+   
himself to a high po9t ( effici5cy 9    
obs]v+ & int]pret+ ^! facts ( ! =e/1 &  

to keep himself !re4 ,x %\ld be z h>d "w
 to walk ?r\gh ! =e/1 & see :at is !re  
to be se51 z to wre/le ) ! mo/ difficult
 problem ( ma!matics4 ,no man c be a    
good ,=e/] )\t t quality ( obs]vation & 
und]/&+ :i* ! ,fr5* call ! =e/]'s eye4  
,x is n ! only quality requir$ = success
 9 =e/ry1 b x is unque/ionably ! fir/4  
,p]haps ! second among ! qualities      
necess>y = ! ,=e/] is common s5se1 :i*  
mo/ (t5 simply means a sympa!tic und]/&+
 ( ! circum/ances among :i* a man f9ds  
himself4 ,! ,am]ican ,=e/] mu/ "k !     
,unit$ ,/ates & und]/& its p4 ,no?+ :i* 
affects ! welf>e ( 8 c\ntry %\ld be     
indiff]5t to him4 ,=e/ry is a =m (      
practical /atesman%ip :i* t\*es !       
national life at s _m po9ts t no ,=e/] c
 safely all[ himself to rema9 ignorant (
 ! ne$s & purposes ( 8 fell[ citiz5s1 or
 to be out ( t\* ) ! curr5t que/ions ( !
 day4 ,! be/ citiz5 makes ! be/ ,=e/]1 &
 no man c make a good ,=e/] unless he is
 a good citiz5 also4  ,! ,=e/] c n      
succe$ unless he und]/&s ! problems &   

po9t ( view ( 8 c\ntry1 & t is ! reason 
:y ,=e/]s f o!r l&s 7 n br\ght into !   
,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! e>ly /ages ( ! =e/    
movem5t4 ,at t "t practically no        
,am]ican ,=e/]s _h yet be5 tra9$1 & !   
great ne$ ( ! situation 0 = m5 to d !   
imm$iately press+ "w4 ,=e/]s f ,g]many1 
,france1 ,switz]l&1 & o!r c\ntries c\ld 
h be5 obta9$ 9 abundant numb]s & at     
reasonable sal>ies4 ,!y 7 n invit$ to   
come because1 h[ev] well tra9$ 9        
te*nical =e/ry1 !y c\ld n h und]/ood !  
habits ( ?\ght ( our p4 ,!re=e1 9 too _m
 cases1 !y w\ld h fail$ to e/abli% ! k9d
 ( practical und]/&+ :i* a ,=e/] mu/ h )
 ! m5 :o use1 or "w 91 8 =e/1 if he is  
to succe$4 ,x 0 wis] to wait until      
,am]icans c\ld be tra9$1 = ! practis+   
,=e/] mu/ h&le m5 z well z trees4  ,"o (
 ! mo/ difficult ?+s to d 9 any         
pr(ession :i* involves drudg]y 7& ,i    
take x t no pr(ession :i* does n involve
 drudg]y is wor? ! att5tion ( a man7 is 
to look beyond ! daily r\t9e to ! ?+s   
:i* t r\t9e is int5d$ to assi/ 9        

accompli%+4 ,?is is peculi>ly true (    
=e/ry1 9 :i*1 p]haps m ?an 9 any o!r    
pr(ession1 ! long-di/ance1 f>-sight$    
attitude ( m9d is ess5tial to success4  
,! trees a ,=e/] plants he himself w    
seldom live to h>ve/4 ,mu* ( 8 ?\ght    
ab\t 8 =e/ mu/ be 9 t]ms ( c5turies4 ,! 
great object = :i* he is /riv+ (        
necessity c n be fully accompli%$ dur+ 8
 lifetime4 ,he mu/1 !re=e1 accu/om      
himself to look ahead1 & to reap 8      
p]sonal satisfaction f ! plann$ & ord]ly
 developm5t ( a s*eme ! p]fect fruit (  
:i* he c nev] hope to see4  ,?is is "o (
 ! /ronge/ reasons :y ! ,=e/]1 :e!r 9   
public or private employm5t1 mu/ always 
look ^u himself z a public s]vant4 ,x is
 ( ! fir/ importance t he %\ld accu/om  
himself to ?9k ( ! results ( 8 "w z     
affect+1 n prim>ily himself1 b o!rs1    
always includ+ ! g5]al public4 ,x is    
ess5tial = a ,=e/] to =m ! habit ( look+
 f> ahead1 out ( :i* gr[s a s\nd        
p]spective & p]si/5ce 9 body & m9d4  ,"o
 ( ! greate/ football play]s ( our "t   

makes ! di/9ction betwe5 a play] :o is  
quick & a play] :o is soon4 ,9 8        
description1 ! quick play] is ! man :o  
waits until ! la/ mom5t & !n moves )    
n]v\s & desp]ate ha/e 9 ! little "t he  
has left4 ,! man :o is soon1 h[ev]1     
almo/ inv>iably arrives ahead ( ! man :o
 is quick1 because he has ?\ght out 9   
advance exactly :]e he is go+ & h[ to   
get !re1 & :5 ! mom5t comes he does n   
delay 8 />t1 makes no false motions1 &  
!reby makes & keeps himself effici5t4   
,=e/ry is preem95tly a pr(ession = !    
soon man1 = x is ! /eady prep>ation long
 9 advance1 ! well-?\ght\t plan well    
/uck to1 :i* 9 =e/ry br+s success4  ,9  
my exp]i5ce1 m5 diff] comp>atively      
little 9 m]e ability1 9 ! quality ( !   
m5tal ma*9e1 ?r\gh :i* ! _s works4 ,n9e 
times out ( t51 x is n ability :i* br+s 
success1 b p]si/5ce & en?usiasm1 :i* are
 usually1 b n always1 ! same z vision & 
w4 ,we all h ability en\gh to d ! ?+s   
:i* lie be=e u1 b ! man ) ! w to keep   
ev]la/+ly at x1 & ! vision to realize ! 

mean+ & value ( ! results = :i* he is   
/riv+1 is ! man :o w9s 9 ne>ly e case4  
,?is is true 9 all human affairs1 b x is
 peculi>ly true ( ! ,=e/] & 8 task1 !   
end ( :i* lies s f> ahead4  ,9 a class  
bel[ me at ,phillips-,exet] ,academy 0 a
 boy :o _h j ent]$ ! s*ool4 ,8 great    
ambition 0 to play football1 & he came  
to ! practise day aft] day4 ,8          
abilities1 h[ev]1 7 app>5tly n on ! same
 plane ) 8 ambitions1 & 8 "w 0 s        
ridicul\sly poor t he became ! laugh+   
/ock ( ! :ole s*ool4 ,t1 h[ev]1 tr\bl$  
him n at all4 ,:at held 8 m9d 0         
football4 ,undisc\rag$ & undismay$1 he  
kept on play+ football until 9 8 la/ ye>
 he became capta9 ( ! ,exet] football   
team4  ,e man ( exp]i5ce has kn[n _m    
simil> cases4 ,x is cle>1 ,i ?9k1 t !   
ma/] qualities 9 a*ievem5t are nei!r    
luck nor m]e ability1 b r en?usiasm &   
p]si/5ce1 or vision & w4  ,9 a peculi>  
s5se ! ,=e/] dep5ds ^u public op9ion &  
public support = ! means ( c>ry+ on 8   
"w1 & = its f9al success4 ,b ! att5tion 

:i* ! public gives or c give to any     
p>ticul> subject v>ies1 & ( necessity   
mu/ v>y1 f "t to "t4 ,"u ^!             
circum/ances1 x is inevitable t ! ,=e/] 
mu/ meet disc\ragem5ts1 *ecks1 & delays1
 z well z p]iods ( smoo? sail+4 ,he %\ld
 expect !m1 & %\ld be prep>$ to disc\nt 
!m :5 !y come4 ,:5 !y d come1 ,i "k ( no
 bett] way ( r$uc+ _! bad effects ?an = 
a man to make all[ance = 8 own /ate (   
m9d4 ,he :o c /& (f & look at himself   
imp>tially1 realiz+ t he w n feel       
to-morr[ z he feels to-day1 has a p[]ful
 weapon aga9/ ! tempor>y disc\ragem5ts  
:i* are necess>ily met 9 any "w t is    
really wor? :ile4 ,progress is always 9 
spirals1 & !re is always a good "t com+4
 ,!re is no?+ s fatal to good "w z t    
flabby _s "u :i* "s weak m5 try to hide 
_! ineffici5cy--! _s ( ,:at's ! use8  ,x
 has be5 ! exp]i5ce ( e ,=e/]1 z he goes
 ab\t ! c\ntry1 to be told t a c]ta9    
m\nta9 is impassable1 t a c]ta9 trail c 
n be travell$1 t a c]ta9 /ream c n be   
cross$1 & to f9d t m\nta91 trail1 &     

/ream c all be pass$ ) little s]i\s     
difficulty by a man :o is will+ to try4 
,mo/ ?+s said to be impossible are s    
only 9 ! m9d ( ! man ^: timidity or     
in]tness keeps him f mak+ ! attempt4 ,! 
:ole /ory ( ! e/abli%m5t & gr[? ( !     
,unit$ ,/ates ,=e/ ,s]vice is a /ory ( !
 do+ ( ?+s :i* ! m5 :o did !m 7 w>n$ 9  
advance w\ld be impossible4 ,usually !  
?+ :i* c't be done is well wor? try+4   
,p]haps ,i ought to add t ,i am n urg+ !
 "y ,=e/] to disreg>d local public      
op9ion )\t ! be/ ( reasons1 or to ru% 8 
horse bl9dly into ! =d ( a swoll5 /ream4
 ,good s5se is ! fir/ condition (       
success4 ,i am m]ely say+ t 9 n9ety-n9e 
cases out ( a hundr$1 :5 a ?+ ought to  
be done x c be done1 if ! ef=t is made )
 t idea 9 m9d4  ,all ?is is b "o way (  
say+ t ! ,=e/] %\ld be 8 own sev]e/     
taskma/]4 ,! ,=e/] mu/ keep himself up  
to 8 own "w4 ,9 no o!r pr(ession1 to my 
k1 is a man ?r[n s completely on 8 own  
responsibility4 ,! ,=e/] (t5 leads an   
isolat$ life = weeks or mon?s at a "t1  

see+ ! m5 "u :om he works only at di/ant
 int]vals4 ,because he is s mu* 8 own   
ma/]1 ! responsibility :i* re/s ^u him  
is peculi>ly 8 own1 & mu/ be met out ( !
 res\rces )9 himself4  ,! tra9+ ( a     
,=e/] %\ld lead him to be practical 9 ! 
"r s5se ( t ^w1 :i* emphatically is n ! 
s5se ( ab&on+ /&>ds ( "w or conduct 9   
ord] to get imm$iate results4 ,!        
practical m5 ) :om ! ,=e/] mu/ d 8      
"w--lumb]m51 cattlem51 %eepm51 settl]s1 
=e/ us]s ( all k9ds--are (t5 by v mu* 8 
sup]iors 9 usable k ( ! details ( _! "w4
 ,_! op9ions are entitl$ to ! mo/       
complete he>+ & respect4 ,!re is no o!r 
class ( m5 f ^: advice ! ,=e/] c s      
greatly pr(it if he *ooses to d s4 ,he  
is sup]ior to !m1 if at all1 only 9 8   
te*nical k1 & 9 ! broad] po9t ( view he 
has d]iv$ f 8 pr(essional tra9+4 ,x is (
 ! fir/ importance t ! "y ,=e/] %\ld "k 
^! m51 %\ld le>n to l & respect !m1 & t 
he %\ld get all ! help he c f _! k &    
practical exp]i5ce4 ,! will+ness to use 
! in=mation & assi/ance :i* su* m5 7    

ready to give has m ?an once meant !    
diff]5ce betwe5 failure & success4  ,!  
"y ,=e/]1 l o!r "y m51 is likely to be  
impati5t4 ,i d n blame him = x4 ,rightly
 direct$1 8 impati5ce may become "o ( 8 
be/ assets4 ,b x w d no h>m to rememb]1 
also1 t ! human race has rea*$ its      
pres5t degree ( civilization &          
advancem5t only /ep by /ep1 & t x seems 
likely to proce$ 9 v mu* ! same way     
h]eaft]4 ,z a g5]al rule1 results sl[ly 
& pa9fully accompli%$ are la/+4 ,!      
results to be a*iev$ 9 =e/ry mu/ be la/+
 if !y are to be valuable4  ,9 g5]al1 ! 
m5 ) :om ! ,=e/] deals c adopt1 & 9 _m  
cases1 ought to adopt1 a new po9t ( view
 b sl[ly4 ,to fall 9 love at fir/ sight 
) !ories or policies is z r>e z ! same  
exp]i5ce is betwe5 p]sons4 ,z a rule1 an
 intellectual conviction1 h[ev] well    
f\nd$1 mu/ be foll[$ by a p]iod (       
incubation & gr[? be=e x c blossom into 
a def9ite pr9ciple ( action1 be=e ! man 
:o holds x is ready to "w or fight 9    
ord] to c>ry x out4 ,!re is a rate 9 !  

adoption ( new ideas beyond :i* only !  
mo/ unusual circum/ances w induce m5's  
m9ds to move4 ,=e/ry has gone ahead 9 ! 
,unit$ ,/ates fa/] ?an x ev] did 9 any  
o!r l&4 ,if x proce$s a little less     
rapidly1 n[ t s mu* ( ! field has be5   
won1 !re w be no reason = disc\ragem5t 9
 t4   ,,z ,a ,,subord9ate ,,(fic]       
,necess>ily ! "y ,=e/] w beg9 z a       
subord9ate4 ,h[ soon he w come to give  
ord]s ( 8 own w dep5d on h[ well he     
executes ! ord]s ( 8 sup]ior4 ,9        
p>ticul>1 x w dep5d on :e!r he requires 
to be coddl$ 9 do+ 8 "w1 or :e!r he is  
will+ & able to /& on 8 own feet4 ,! man
 = :om e employ] ( m5 is se>*+1 ev]y:]e 
& always1 is ! man :o w accept !        
responsibility = ! "w he has to d--:o w 
n lean at e po9t ^u 8 sup]ior =         
additional in/ructions1 advice1 or      
enc\ragem5t4  ,!re is no m valuable     
subord9ate ?an ! man to :om y c give a  
piece ( "w & !n =get ab\t x1 9 !        
confid5t expectation t ! next "t x is   
br\ght to y\r att5tion x w come 9 ! =m (

 a report t ! ?+ has be5 done4 ,:5 ?is  
ma/] quality is jo9$ to executive p[]1  
loyalty1 & common s5se1 ! result is a   
man :om y c tru/4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is  
no great] nuisance to a man heavily     
burd5$ ) ! direction ( affairs ?an !    
weak-back$ assi/ant :o is cont9ually    
try+ to get 8 *ief to d 8 "w = him1 on !
 feeble plea t he ?\ght ! *ief w\ld l to
 decide ?is or t himself4 ,! man to :om 
an executive is mo/ grateful1 ! man :om 
he w "w h>de/ & value mo/1 is ! man :o  
accepts responsibility will+ly1 & is n  
cont9ually "u 8 feet4   ,,z ,a ,,sup]ior
 ,,(fic]  ,! pr9ciples ( effective      
adm9i/rative "w h nev]1 s f> z ,i "k1   
be5 adequately classifi$ & def9$4 ,:5 !y
 come to be /at$ "o ( ! mo/ important w 
be f\nd to be ! exact assignm5t (       
responsibility1 s t :atev] goes wrong ! 
adm9i/rative head w "k cle>ly & at once 
^u :om ! responsibility falls4 ,?is is  
"o ( ! reasons :y1 z a rule1 bo>ds &    
commissions are f> less effective 9     
gett+ ?+s done ?an s+le m5 ) cle>-cut   

au?ority & equally cle>-cut             
responsibility4 ,ano!r pr9ciple1 s well 
kn[n t x has almo/ become a prov]b1 is  
to delegate ev]y?+ y c1 to d no?+ t y c 
get someone else to d = y4 ,b ! wisdom (
 lett+ a good man alone is less commonly
 und]/ood4 ,x is sometimes z important =
 ! sup]ior (fic] n to worry 8 subord9ate
 ) useless ord]s z x is = ! subord9ate n
 to h>ass 8 sup]ior ) useless que/ions4 
,let a good man alone4 ,give him 8 head4
 ,no?+ w hold him s rigidly to 8 "w z ! 
feel+ t he is tru/$4 ,lead y\r m5 9 _!  
"w1 & above all make ( y\r organization 
n a mon>*y1 limit$ or unlimit$1 b a     
democracy1 9 :i* ! responsibility ( ea* 
man = a p>ticul> piece ( "w %all n only 
be def9$ b recogniz$1 9 :i* ! cr$it =   
ea* man's "w1 s f> z possible1 %all be  
atta*$ to 8 own "n1 9 :i* ! op9ions &   
advice ( y\r subord9ates are (t5 s\ght  
be=e decisions are made2 9 a ^w1 a      
democracy 9 :i* ea* man feels a p]sonal 
responsibility = ! success ( ! :ole     
ent]prise4  ,! "y ,=e/] may be ye>s     

remov$ f ! *ance to apply ^! pr9ciples 9
 practice1 b s9ce no sup]ior (fic] c put
 !m into fruitful effect )\t !          
coop]ation ( 8 subord9ates1 x is well t 
!y %\ld be kn[n at bo? ends ( ! l9e4    
,a ,,public ,,s]vant  ,i repeat t :e!r a
 ,=e/] is engag$ 9 private "w or 9      
public "w1 :e!r he is employ$ by a      
lumb]man1 an association ( lumb]m51 a   
fi%+ & %oot+ club1 ! own] ( a great     
e/ate1 or :e!r he is an (fic] ( a ,/ate 
or ( ! ,nation1 by virtue ( 8 pr(ession 
he is a public s]vant4 ,because he deals
 ) ! =e/1 he has 8 h& ^u ! future welf>e
 ( 8 c\ntry4 ,8 po9t ( view is t :i* mu/
 control its future welf>e4 ,he         
repres5ts ! plann$ & ord]ly developm5t (
 its res\rces4 ,he is ! repres5tative   
also ( ! =e/ s*ool f :i* he graduates1 &
 ( 8 pr(ession4 ,^u ! /&>ds :i* he helps
 to e/abli% & ma9ta91 ! welf>e ( ^!1    
too1 directly dep5ds4     ,,/ate ,,=e/  
,,"w   ,! "w ( ! ,/ates 9 =e/ry is /ill 
9 ! pione] /age1 & ! "w ( a ,/ate ,=e/] 
mu/ /ill be> l>gely on ! creation ( a "r

 public s5tim5t 9 =e/ matt]s4 ,9 ,/ate  
=e/ry ! ne$ = agitation has by no means 
pass$4 ,x is (t5 ! duty ( ! ,/ate ,=e/] 
to prep>e or endeavor to secure !       
passage ( good ,/ate =e/ laws1 or to    
int]pose aga9/ ! enactm5t ( bad laws4 ,9
 p>ticul>1 mu* ( 8 "t is likely to be   
giv5 to legislation ^u ! subjects ( =e/ 
fires & =e/ taxation4 ,^u ! latt] !re is
 z yet no s\nd & effective public op9ion
 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 &         
legislatures & p /ill d n und]/& h[     
p[]ful bad me?ods ( =e/ taxation h be5 &
 /ill are 9 =c+ ! de/ructive cutt+ (    
timb] by mak+ x impossible to wait = !  
bett] me?ods ( lumb]+ :i* accompany a   
bett] m>ket4 ,i h kn[n ! taxes on /&+   
timb] to equal six p] c5t4 a ye> on !   
reasonable value ( ! /umpage4  ,?irte5  
,/ates h ,/ate ,=e/s ) a total area     
altoge!r ( #c1djj1jjj acres4 ,( ^! ,new 
,york has ! l>ge/ area4 ,its ,/ate ,=e/s
 cov] #a1fde1jjj acres1 p>tly 9 !       
,adirondacks & p>tly 9 ! ,catskills2    
,p5nsylvania comes next ) n9e hundr$ &  

eighty-f\r ?\s& acres2 & ,wiscons9 ?ird1
 ) ab\t f\r hundr$ ?\s& acres4          
,tw5ty-n9e ,/ates make appropriations = 
=e/ "w4 ,exclud+ special appropriations 
= c\rses 9 =e/ry at univ]sities1        
colleges1 & s*ools1 ! total am\nt sp5t =
 ?is purpose is ab\t #a1cdj1jjj4        
,p5nsylvania has ! l>ge/                
appropriation1--?ree hundr$ &           
tw5ty-eight ?\s& doll>s1 9 addition to  
:i* a special appropriation ( two hundr$
 & sev5ty-five ?\s& doll>s has be5      
devot$ to *eck+ ! *e/nut blight4        
,m9nesota comes second ) two hundr$ &   
?irty-?ree ?\s& doll>s2 ,new ,york ?ird 
) ab\t "o hundr$ & sixty-five ?\s&      
doll>s1 & ,wiscons9 next ) n9ety-five   
?\s& doll>s4  ,?irty-?ree ,/ates h ,/ate
 =e/ (fic]s1 ( :om fifte5 are ,/ate     
,=e/]s by title1 :ile ! majority ( !    
rema9d] p]=m duties ( a v simil> nature4
  ,elev5 ,/ates are receiv+ assi/ance f 
! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t "u ! ,weeks law1 :i* 
au?orizes coop]ation = fire protection1 
provid$ ! ,/ate w furni% a sum equal to 

t allott$ to x f ! ,national fund1 ) a  
limit ( t5 ?\s& doll>s to a s+le ,/ate4 
,= purposes ( re=e/ation1 t5 ,/ates     
ma9ta9 =e/ nurs]ies4 ,dur+ ! ye> #aiab  
!y produc$ 9 r\nd numb]s tw5ty million  
"y trees1 ( :i* f\rte5 million 7        
di/ribut$ to ! citiz5s ( ^! t5 ,/ates4  
,9 "s ,/ates ! wat]p[] "q falls )9 !    
sph]e ( ! ,/ate ,=e/]1 z well z o!r     
simil> ,cons]vation matt]s1 :ile x has  
usually be5 made 8 duty to assi/ private
 timb]l& own]s 9 ! h&l+ ( _! hold+s1    
:e!r ^! be ! l>g] hold+s ( lumb]        
companies or ! f>m]s' woodlots4 ,9 _m   
,/ates ! ,/ate ,=e/] is made responsible
 = ! en=cem5t ( ! ,/ate =e/ fire laws1 &
 = ! control & managem5t ( a body (     
,/ate fire w>d5s1 :o may or may n be    
p]man5tly employ$ 9 t "w4 ,! en=cem5t ( 
laws :i* exempt timb]l&s or l&s plant$  
to timb] f taxation1 or limit ! taxation
 ^u !m1 are also usually "u 8           
sup]vision4  ,! "w ( =e/ry 9 ! v>i\s    
,/ates be+ on ! :ole mu* less advanc$   
?an x is 9 ! ,nation1 ! ,/ate ,=e/] mu/ 

/ill occupy himself l>gely ) ^?         
prelim9>y phases ( ! "w ( =e/ry ?r\gh   
:i* ! ,national ,=e/ ,s]vice has already
 pass$4 ,mu* progress1 h[ev]1 is be+    
made1 & we may fairly c\nt n only t     
,/ate =e/ organizations w ultimately    
exi/ 9 e ,/ate1 b t ! ,/ate ,=e/]s w    
ex]t a /eadily increas+ influ5ce on =e/ 
p]petuation 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4     ,,!  
,,=e/ ,,s]vice ,,9 ,,wa%+ton   ,a       
description ( :at a ,=e/] has to d :i*  
did n include ! "w ( ! ,gov]nm5t ,=e/]s 
at ! ,national ,capital w\ld necess>ily 
be incomplete4 ,! foll[+ outl9e may1    
!re=e1 help to r\nd out ! picture4  ,!  
,wa%+ton headqu>t]s ( ! ,=e/ ,s]vice are
 directly 9 *>ge ( ! ,=e/] & 8 imm$iate 
assi/ants4 ,! ,=e/] has g5]al sup]vision
 ( ! :ole ,s]vice4 ,x is he :o1 ) !     
approval ( ! ,secret>y ( ,agriculture1  
det]m9es ! g5]al policy :i* is to gov]n 
! ,s]vice 9 ! v v>i\s & num]\s matt]s ) 
:i* x has to deal4 ,he keeps 8 h& ^u !  
:ole ma*9]y ( ! ,s]vice1 holds x up to  
its "w1 & 9 g5]al is responsible =      

supply+ x ) ! "r _s & po9t ( view1 )\t  
:i* any k9d ( effici5cy is impossible4  
,! ,=e/] prep>es ! e/imates1 or annual  
budget1 = ! exp5ditures ( ! ,s]vice1 &  
appe>s be=e ,committees ( ,congress to  
expla9 ! ne$ = money1 & o!rwise to set  
=? or def5d ! "w ^u :i* ! ,s]vice is    
engag$4 ,8 imm$iate subord9ates sp5d a  
l>ge "p ( _! "t 9 ! field inspect+ ! "w 
( ! ,s]vice & keep+ its tone high4 ,_!  
reports to ! ,=e/] keep him ?or\ghly    
advis$ z to ! situation on all !        
,national ,=e/s1 s t he may wisely meet 
ea* "q z x comes up1 & adju/ !          
regulations & r\t9e bus9ess me?ods ( !  
,s]vice to ! con/antly *ang+ ne$s ( ! p 
) :om x deals4  ,be+ responsible = !    
p]sonnel ( ! ,=e/ ,s]vice1 ! ,=e/]      
recomm5ds to ! ,secret>y ( ,agriculture1
 by :om ! actual pap]s are issu$1 all   
appo9tm5ts to x1 z well z promotions1   
r$uctions1 & dismissals4 ,"u 8 imm$iate 
eye also is ! v important & necess>y "w 
( mak+ public ! in=mation collect$ by ! 
,s]vice = ! use ( ! p4 ,s9ce #aijj1 #cgj

 publications ( ! ,s]vice h be5 issu$1 )
 a total circulation ( #aa1aih1jjj      
copies4  ,! publications ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates ,=e/ ,s]vice include by f> ! mo/ 
& ! be/ in=mation ^u ! =e/s ( ?is c\ntry
 :i* has until n[ be5 assembl$ & pr9t$4 
,h5ce1 ! prospective /ud5t ( =e/ry c d  
no?+ bett] ?an to write to ,! ,=e/]1    
,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 7:i* is ! correct     
address71 = ! annotat$ catalogue ( ^!   
publications :i* is s5t free to all     
applicants1 & !n to secure & /udy su* ( 
! bullet9s & circul>s z be/ meet 8      
individual ne$s4 ,if he looks =w>d to   
ent]+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,=e/ ,s]vice1 he  
%\ld n fail to get also ! ,use ,book1 ! 
volume ( directions & regulations 9     
accordance ) :i* ! ,national ,=e/s are  
protect$1 develop$1 & made available &  
useful to ! p ( ! regions 9 :i* !y lie4 
,! d5drological "w ( ! ,s]vice1 :i* has 
to d ) =e/ di/ribution1 ! id5tification 
( tree species & o!r =e/ botanical "w1  
is also "u ! imm$iate sup]vision ( !    
,=e/]1 & ! ,*ief ,lumb]man reports      

directly to him4  ,9 addition to ! "w   
:i* falls imm$iately "u ! eye ( ! ,=e/]1
 & :i* us$ to1 b does n n[1 include !   
legal "w necess>y to support & promote !
 op]ations ( ! ,s]vice1 !re are sev5    
pr9cipal p>ts1 or bran*es1 9 ! "w ( !   
,wa%+ton headqu>t]s4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is !  
,bran* ( ,acc\nts1 ^: "w ,i ne$ n       
describe fur!r ?an to say t ! ,s]vice   
has always ow$ a v l>ge "p ( its safety 
aga9/ ! bitt] attacks ( its enemies to !
 accuracy1 complet5ess1 & g5]al high    
quality ( its acc\nt+ sy/em4  ,! second 
bran*1 t ( ,op]ation1 has *>ge ( !      
bus9ess adm9i/ration bo? ( ! ,national  
,=e/s & ( ! o!r "w ( ! ,=e/ ,s]vice4 ,"h
 ! bus9ess me?ods :i* are necess>y to   
keep ! organization at a high /ate (    
effici5cy are =mulat$1 put 9 practice1 &
 con/antly revis$1 = x is only by su*   
revision t !y c be kept1 z !y are kept1 
at a level ) ! v be/ practice ( ! be/   
mod]n bus9ess4 ,!re are v few ,gov]nm5t 
bureaus ( :i* ?is c be said4 ,! ,bran* (
 ,op]ation is responsible = ! adoption &

 en=cem5t ( labor-sav+ devices 9        
correspond5ce1 9 h&l+ requisitions1 & 9 
! fil+ & c>e ( pap]s g5]ally1 & = !     
supply ( /ation]y1 tools1 & in/rum5ts1 &
 ! r5t+ ( qu>t]s1--9 a ^w1 = ! :ole ( ! 
m or less r\t9e transaction ( bus9ess   
:i* is ess5tial to keep s l>ge an       
organization at ! highe/ po9t (         
effici5cy4  ,illu/ration3 ,,bru% ,,pil+ 
,,9 ,a ,,national ,,=e/ ,,timb] ,,sale  
,! (fice "w ne$$ 9 ! mapp+ ( ! ,national
 ,=e/s1 ) all _! res\rces1 b\nd>ies1 &  
int]ior hold+s1 is 9 *>ge ( ! ,bran* (  
,op]ation4 ,s is ! imm5se am\nt ( draft+
 :i* is necess>y 9 ! o!r "w ( ! ,s]vice1
 & ! photographic laboratory 9 :i* maps 
are reproduc$ & :]e p]man5t photographic
 records ( ! condition ( ! =e/ are made4
  ,! ?ird bran*1 t ( ,silviculture1 is !
 mo/ important ( all4 ,x has ov]sight ( 
! practice ( =e/ry on all ! ,national   
,=e/s1 & ( all sci5tific =e/ /udies 9 ! 
,national ,=e/s & outside4 ,x is "h t ! 
conditions 9 ! contracts "u :i* ! l>g]  
timb] sales are made are f9ally exam9$ &

 approv$1 & "h are f\nd ! inspectors ^: 
duty x is n only to see t ! "w is well  
done1 b to labor con/antly = improvem5ts
 9 me?ods z well z 9 results4 ,"h c5tres
 ! prep>ation ( =e/ work+ plans1 & ! k (
 lumb] & ! lumb] m>kets4  ,! ,bran* (   
,silviculture has *>ge also ( ,national 
coop]ation = ! advancem5t ( =e/ry ) !   
sev]al ,/ates1 & 9 p>ticul> = fire      
protection "u ! ,weeks law4 ,?is =m (   
coop]ation has made ! k & equipm5t ( !  
,=e/ ,s]vice available = ! /udy ( ,/ate 
=e/ res\rces & =e/ problems1 & mu* ( !  
progress 9 =e/ry made by ! ,/ates is    
directly due to x4  ,"u ! ,bran* (      
,silviculture1 ! ,(fice ( ,=e/          
,inve/igations br+s toge!r all t is kn[n
 ( ! nature & gr[? ( trees 9 ?is c\ntry1
 & to "s ext5t 9 o!r c\ntries also1     
conducts indep5d5t /udies ( ! greate/   
value 9 develop+ bett] me?ods ( secur+ !
 reproduction ( important =e/ trees1 &  
computes ! enorm\s numb] ( =e/          
measurem5ts deal+ ) ! /& & ! rate ( gr[?
 ( trees & =e/s t are turn$ 9 by !      

p>ties engag$ 9 =e/ inve/igation 9 !    
field4 ,"u ! ,(fice ( ,=e/              
,inve/igations1 /udies 9 =e/ di/ribution
 & 9 ! /ructure ( wood are c>ri$ on1 & x
 includes ! ,libr>y ( ! ,=e/ ,s]vice1 by
 f> ! mo/ complete & effective =e/      
libr>y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  ,! f\r?      
bran*1 t ( ,graz+1 sup]vises ! use ( !  
,national ,=e/s = pa/ure4 ,ov] ! great] 
"p ( ! ,we/1 ?is 0 ! fir/ use to :i* !  
=e/s 7 put1 & an idea ( its magnitude   
may be ga!r$ f ! fact t e ye> !         
,national ,=e/s supply fe$ = ab\t a     
million & a half cattle & horses1 & m   
?an f\rte5 million %eep4 ,x is no easy  
task to p]mit all ?is live /ock to      
utilize ! =age :i* ! ,national ,=e/s    
produce1 & yet d little or no h>m to !  
"y gr[? on :i* ! future ( ! =e/ dep5ds4 
,to exclude ! graz+ animals altoge!r is 
impossible & undesirable1 = to d s w\ld 
ru9 ! lead+ indu/ry 9 _m portions ( !   
,we/4 ,consequ5tly1 _m ( ! mo/ difficult
 & p]plex+ que/ions 9 ! practical       
adm9i/ration ( ! ,national ,=e/s h      

occurr$ 9 ! "w ( ! ,bran* ( ,graz+1 & h 
!re be5 solv$1 & _m ( ! mo/ bitt]       
attacks ^u x h !re be5 met4  ,! fif?    
bran*1 t ( ,l&s1 has to d ) ! que/ions  
:i* arise f ! use ( ! l& 9 ! ,national  
,=e/s = f>m+ or ran*+1 m9+1 & a v wide  
v>iety ( o!r purposes1 & ) ! exce$+ly   
num]\s & intricate que/ions :i* arise   
because !re are ab\t #ba1ajj1jjj acres (
 l& )9 ! b\nd>ies ( ! ,national ,=e/s ^:
 title has already pass$ f ! ,gov]nm5t4 
,! b\nd>ies ( ! ,national ,=e/s also are
 con/antly be+ exam9$ to det]m9e :e!r !y
 include all ! l&1 & only ! l&1 to be   
conta9$ )9 !m1 & :e!r !y %\ld be ext5d$ 
or r$uc$4  ,! fir/ p]mits = ! use (     
wat]p[] sites on ,gov]nm5t l& 7 issu$ by
 ! ,=e/ ,s]vice1 & ! policy :i* is j be+
 adopt$ by ! ,int]ior ,dep>tm5t & o!r   
,gov]nm5t organizations 9 _! h&l+ (     
wat]p[] que/ions 0 !re fir/ develop$4   
,^! p]mits are prep>$ 9 ! ,bran* ( ,l&s4
 ,! fir/ /eps t[>d det]r+ m5 :o attempt 
9 defiance ( ! law to get possession (  
l&s claim$ to be agricultural or m9]al  

)9 ! ,national ,=e/s are tak5 "h1 b !   
f9al decision on ^! po9ts re/s ) !      
,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior4 ,! exam9ation ( 
l&s to det]m9e :e!r !y are agricultural 
9 "*1 & !re=e %\ld be op5$ to settlem5t1
 is direct$ f ?is ,bran*4  ,! uses to   
:i* ,national ,=e/ l&s are put are almo/
 unbelievably v>i\s4 ,b>ns1 borr[ pits1 
botanical g>d5s1 cemet]ies & *ur*es1    
dairies & dipp+ vats1 fox ran*es & fi%  
hat*]ies1 hotels1 pa/ures1 pipe l9es1   
p[] sites1 resid5ces1 sanit>ia &        
s*ool-h\ses1 /ores & tunnels1 ^! & _m   
o!rs make up1 ) graz+ & timb] sales1 !  
uses ( ! ,national ,=e/s1 = :i* already 
m ?an half a million p]mits h be5 issu$4
 ,?is "w also falls to ! ,bran* ( ,l&s4 
,! six? bran*1 t ( ,=e/ ,products1 is   
conc]n$ ) ! :ole "q ( ! uses ( wood &   
o!r mat]ials produc$ by ! =e/4 ,its     
pr9cipal "w is conduct$ ?r\gh ! ,=e/    
,products ,laboratory1 9 coop]ation ) ! 
,univ]sity ( ,wiscons9 at ,madison4 ,"h 
timb] is te/$ to asc]ta9 its /r5g?1 !   
products ( wood di/illation are         

inve/igat$1 wood pulp & pap] /udies (   
l>ge rea* are c>ri$ on1 ! me?ods ( wood 
pres]vation & ! results ( apply+ !m are 
9 con/ant c\rse ( be+ exam9$1 & !       
diseases ( trees & ( wood are /udi$ 9   
coop]ation ) ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t (          
,agriculture4 ,! consumption ( wood1 & !
 production ( lumb] & =e/ products1 are 
also ! subject ( cont9u\s inve/igation1 
& v>i\s necess>y special /udies are     
und]tak5 f "t to "t4 ,at ! mom5t1 an    
ef=t is "u way to f9d new uses & new    
m>kets = wood kill$ by ! *e/nut blight 9
 ! nor!a/]n ,unit$ ,/ates4  ,! sev5?    
bran* has to d ) ! /udy1 selection1 &   
acquisition ( l&s "u ! ,weeks law1 9    
accordance ) :i* eight million doll>s 0 
appropriat$ = ! pur*ase ( =e/ l&s       
valuable = /ream protection1 ) p>ticul> 
ref]5ce to ! ,s\!rn ,appala*ians & !    
,:ite ,m\nta9s ( ,new ,engl&4 ,!        
exam9ation ( ! am\nt ( m]*antable timb] 
on l&s "u consid]ation = pur*ase1 ! /udy
 ( ! "* ( ! l& & ! =e/1 & ! survey ( !  

l& keep a num]\s body ( "y m5 v fully   
occupi$4 ,_! task is to see t none b !  
"r l& is recomm5d$ = acquisition by !   
,gov]nm5t1 t ! nature & value ( ! l&s   
select$ %all be mo/ ?or\ghly kn[n1 & t !
 con/ant ef=t to make ! ,gov]nm5t pay   
unreasonable prices or pur*ase "u       
unfavorable conditions %all z con/antly 
be defeat$4 ,! same bran* takes *>ge ( !
 l&s z soon z !y h be5 acquir$4  ,!     
=ego+ description ( ! "w :i* is done 9  
,wa%+ton by ! ,=e/ ,s]vice may help to  
make cle> ! great v>iety ( tasks to :i* 
a ,=e/] may be requir$ to set 8 h&1 &   
emphasizes ! ne$ ( a broad tra9+ n      
/rictly conf9$ to purely te*nical l9es4 
,x w\ld be defective z a description1   
h[ev]1 & w\ld fail to %[ ! _s 9 :i* ! "w
 is done1 if no m5tion 7 made ( !       
,s]vice ,meet+1 at :i* ! responsible    
heads ( ea* bran* & ( ! "w ( ! ,=e/]'s  
(fice meet once a week to discuss e     
problem :i* confronts ! ,s]vice & e     
phase ( its "w4 ,?is meet+ is ! c5tre   
:]e all p>ts ( ! "w ( ! ,s]vice come    

toge!r & arrange _! mutual coop]ation1 &
 x is also ! spr+ f :i* ! ess5tial      
democracy ( ! organization takes its    
rise4 ,! ,s]vice ,meet+ is ! be/ ?+ 9 ! 
,=e/ ,s]vice1 & t is say+ a great deal4 
,x mu/ n be imag9$ t ! ma9t5ance ( ,=e/ 
,s]vice headqu>t]s 9 ,wa%+ton indicates 
t ! actual bus9ess ( h&l+ ! ,national   
,=e/s is c>ri$ on at long range4 ,9 ord]
 to avoid any su* possibility ! six     
,di/rict (fices 7 organiz$ 9 #aijh4 ,^! 
are situat$ at ,miss\la1 ,d5v]1         
,albuqu]que1 ,portl&1 ,ogd51 & ,san     
,francisco4 ,ea* ( ! ,di/rict (fices is 
9 *>ge ( a ,di/rict ,=e/]1 :o directs ! 
practical c>ry+ out ( ! policies f9ally 
det]m9$ ^u 9 ,wa%+ton1 aft] consultation
 ) ! m5 9 ! field4 ,! execution ( all ! 
"w1 ! l>g] features ( :i* ! ,wa%+ton    
(fice decides & directs 7& ! details (  
:i* x inspects71 is ! task ( ! ,di/rict 
,=e/]4 ,! ,di/rict ,=e/]'s (fice is     
necess>ily organiz$ mu* on ! same g5]al 
l9es z ! ,wa%+ton headqu>t]s4 ,?us1 !   
subjects ( acc\nts1 op]ation1           

silviculture1 graz+1 l&s1 & =e/ products
 are all repres5t$ 9 ! ,di/rict (fices4 
,9 addition1 a legal (fic] is necess>ily
 atta*$ to ea* ,di/rict (fice1 & ea*    
,di/rict ,=e/] has 9 8 ,di/rict "o or m 
=e/ exp]im5t /ations1 employ$ ma9ly 9   
/udy+ que/ions ( gr[? & reproduction2 & 
?ree =e/ insect field /ations1 ma9ta9$ 9
 coop]ation ) ! ,bureau ( ,entomology1  
are divid$ among ! six ,di/ricts4       
,illu/ration3 ,,=e/ ,,rang]s ,,gett+    
,,in/ruction ,,9 ,,me?ods ,,( ,,"w ,,f  
,a ,,di/rict ,,=e/ ,,(fic]  ,:ile ! "w (
 ! ,wa%+ton (fice is ma9ly t ( guid+ !  
"w ( ! ,national ,=e/s along broad g5]al
 l9es1 ?r\gh in/ructions to ! ,di/rict  
,=e/]s1 ! (fice ( ea* ,di/rict ,=e/]    
deals directly ) ! ,=e/ ,sup]visors1 & s
 ) ! h&l+ ( ! ,national ,=e/s4 ,a       
multitude ( que/ions :i* ! ,sup]visors c
 n answ] are decid$ 9 ! ,di/rict (fice  
in/ead1 z 0 =m]ly ! case1 ( be+ =w>d$ to
 ,wa%+ton = disposal !re1 ) ! consequ5t 
aggravat+ & ne$less delay4 ,! e/abli%m5t
 ( ! ,di/rict (fices has made ! h&l+ ( !

 ,national ,=e/s f> less complicat$ & f>
 m prompt1 & has br\ght x f> clos] ?an  
ev] be=e to ! actual us]s1--t is1 has   
made x f> m quickly & accurately        
responsive to _! ne$s4     ,,private    
,,=e/ry   ,z yet1 ! practice ( =e/ry by 
private own]s1 except = fire protection1
 has made b little progress 9 ! ,unit$  
,/ates1 al?\gh )\t d\bt x w be widely   
ext5d$ dur+ ! next t5 or fifte5 ye>s4 ,!
 conc5tration ( timb]l& own]%ip 9 !     
,unit$ ,/ates has put a few m5 9 control
 ( va/ areas ( =e/4 ,_m ( !m are anxi\s 
to prev5t =e/ de/ruction1 s f> z t may  
be practicable )\t int]f]+ ) _! pr(its1 
& = t purpose ,=e/]s are beg9n+ to be   
employ$4 ,until n[ ! pr9cipal tasks (   
,=e/]s employ$ by lumb]m5 h be5 !       
measurem5t ( ! am\nt ( lumb] 9 ! /&+    
crop ( trees1 & ! protection ( =e/ l&s f
 fire4 ,"h & !re ! practice ( a c]ta9   
am\nt ( =e/ry has be5 add$1 b ?is "p ( !
 "w ( ! private ,=e/] employ$ by lumb]m5
 has n be5 important4 ,x is likely1     
h[ev]1 to increase ) "s rapidity be=e   

long4 ,9 ! meantime1 ! private ,=e/] mu/
 usually be will+ to accept a good _m   
limitations on ! te*nical side ( 8 "w4  
,x is ess5tial = ! ,=e/] ?us employ$ to 
h or promptly to acquire a k ( practical
 lumb]+1 t is1 ( logg+1 mill+1 & m>kets1
 & = ! =e/ /ud5t :o expects to ent] ?is 
"w to give special att5tion to ^!       
subjects4  ,already ab\t #agj graduates 
( =e/ s*ools are 9 private employ1 a    
consid]able proportion ( :i* numb] are  
employ$ by l>ge lumb]m54  ,! "t is      
und\bt$ly com+1 & ,i hope x may come    
soon1 :5 =e/ de/ruction w be legally    
recogniz$ z ho/ile to ! public welf>e1 &
 :5 lumb]m5 w be compell$ by law to h&le
 _! =e/s s z to insure ! reproduction ( 
!m "u reasonable conditions & )9 a      
reasonable "t4 ,! idea is nei!r         
tyrannical nor new4 ,9 democratic       
,switz]l&1 private own]s ( timb]l& are  
re/ra9$ by law f de/roy+ ! =e/s ^u :i* !
 welf>e ( t m\nta9 region s l>gely      
dep5ds1 & if !y disobey1 _! =e/ l&s are 
replant$ by ! ,gov]nm5t at ! own]s'     

exp5se4  ,ano!r op5+ = ,=e/]s 9 ! employ
 ( lumb]m5 is ?r\gh ! =e/ fire          
protective associations4 ,( ^!1 two /&  
out mo/ conspicu\sly at ! pres5t "t1 "o 
! ,nor?we/]n ,cons]vation & ,=e/ry      
,association1 ! o!r ! ,oregon ,=e/ ,fire
 ,association4 ,ea* has z its executive 
(fic] a tra9$ ,=e/] ^: k ( ! woods n    
only makes him exce$+ly useful to 8     
employ]s1 b also1 :5 comb9$ ) ! ,=e/]'s 
po9t ( view1 enables him to be ( great  
value 9 protect+ ! g5]al int]e/ 9 ! =e/4
  ,! object & me?ods ( "o ( !           
associations is describ$ by its         
,secret>y z foll[s3  ,a field hi!rto    
n>r[ b cont9ually broad5+1 & (f]+ mu*   
opportunity = ^? ) peculi>              
qualifications1 is ! managem5t ( !      
cooep]ative =e/ "w c>ri$ on by timb]    
own]s 9 _m localities1 (t5 jo9tly )     
,/ate & ,gov]nm5t4 ,?is movem5t orig9at$
 9 ! ,pacific ,nor?we/1 :]e x /ill has !
 highe/ developm5t1 b is ext5d+ to !    
,lake ,/ates1 ,new ,engl&1 & ,canada4   
,z a rule ! prim>y object ( ^!          

cooep]ative associations is fire        
prev5tion & _! local manag]s mu/ h      
demon/rat$ ability to organize effective
 patrol sy/ems1 build telephone l9es1   
apply e +5uity to supply+ & equipp+ _!  
=ces1 &1 above all1 to h&le m5 9        
em]g5cies4 ,b 9 mo/ cases ! association 
( =e/ own]s to ?is end has l$ also to   
progress 9 _m o!r matt]s insep>able f   
improvem5t1 su* z /udy ( re=e/ation     
possibilities1 =e/ legislation1 educat+ 
lumb]man & public 9 =e/ pres]vation1 & !
 ext5sion ( coop]ation 9 all ^! z well z
 9 fire prev5tion f private to ,/ate &  
f$]al ag5cies4  ,! developm5t ( su*     
activities is already employ+ sev]al    
highly paid m5 :o c comm& ! confid5ce1 n
 only ( =e/ own]s1 b also ( ! public & (
 public (ficials4 ,advis]s 9 legislative
 z well z te*nical =e/ry matt]s &       
p>ticul>ly pr(ici5t 9 all t p]ta9s to   
=e/ protection1 _! usefulness lies z mu*
 outside _! own association z )9 !m1 &  
to be successful !y mu/ be skilful      
organiz]s & campaign]s4 ,x is ^! m5 :o h

 develop$ to its highe/ ext5t !         
adaptation to =e/ry propag&a ( mod]n    
publicity & adv]tis+ me?ods4  ,z a rule1
 h[ev]1 ^! may be describ$ z graduate   
positions1 fill$ by m5 ( exp]i5ce &     
acqua9tance ) ! sev]al ag5cies involv$1 
r ?an by newly fl$g$ ,=e/]s4 ,a         
practical k ( protection problems is    
ess5tial4  ,=e/ry associations (f] a    
diff]5t1 b (t5 a mo/ fasc9at+ field1 (  
"w = ! tra9$ ,=e/]4 ,!re are at pres5t  
#ci su* associations4 ,! "w :i* !y (f]  
has mu* 9 common ) ! duties ( a ,/ate   
,=e/]4  ,fi% & game associations are    
beg9n+ to employ ,=e/]s1 realiz+ t !    
wise h&l+ ( ! =e/s may well g h& 9 h& ) 
! c>e ( ! game & fi% :i* ! =e/ %elt]s & 
protects4 ,ev5tually ne>ly all su*      
associations :i* control any consid]able
 body ( l& 9 timb]$ regions may be      
expect$ to utilize ! s]vices ( tra9$    
,=e/]s ( _! own4  ,9 addition to ! "w = 
lumb]m5 & = associations ( v>i\s k9ds1  
l& own]s 9 consid]able v>iety h begun to
 employ ,=e/]s4 ,among ^! are coal &    

coke companies1 iron companies1 wood    
pulp & pap] companies :i* are beg9n+ to 
look aft] _! supply ( timb]2 p[d]1 arms1
 & ammunition companies1 hydraulic &    
wat] companies2 a great corporation     
engag$ 9 ! manufacture ( mat*es2 & a    
numb] ( railroads1 includ+ ! ,delaw>e & 
,hudson1 ! ,ill9ois ,c5tral1 & !        
,p5nsylvania4 ,9 addition to ! ne$ =    
cross ties1 railroads are among ! l>ge/ 
consum]s ( lumb]4 ,! ,=e/]s :o "w = !m  
are l>gely occupi$ ) gr[+ ! wood        
supplies :i* ! railroads ne$1 & nurs]y  
practice (t5 occupies a v l>ge %>e ( _! 
att5tion4     ,,=e/ ,,s*ools   ,s9ce !  
fir/ "o 0 f\nd$ 9 #ahih1 ! numb] ( =e/  
s*ools 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates has increas$ s 
rapidly z to create a dem& = =e/        
in/ructors :i* x has be5 exce$+ly       
difficult to fill4 ,inde$1 ! increase 9 
second>y =e/ s*ools1 or s*ools n ( !    
fir/ grade1 has d\btless be5 m rapid ?an
 ! welf>e ( ! pr(ession or ! s\nd       
practice ( =e/ry requir$1 & ! brisk dem&
 = tea*]s has l$ "s m5 to take up ! task

 ( in/ruction :o 7 n well fitt$ = x4    
,!re are 9 ?is c\ntry to-day #bc =e/    
s*ools :i* prep>e m5 = ! practice (     
=e/ry z a pr(ession1 & #ea s*ools :i*   
devote !mselves to g5]al in/ruction 9   
=e/ry or to c\rses = ,=e/ ,rang]s & ,=e/
 ,gu>ds4 ,! approximate numb] ( tea*]s 9
 all =e/ s*ools is at pres5t #aaj1 & ?is
 numb] w d\btless be /ill fur!r increas$
 by ! addition ( new =e/ s*ools or !    
expansion ( old ones1 :ile a c]ta9 numb]
 ( places w be made vacant by !         
retirem5t ( m5 :o f9d !mselves bett]    
fitt$ = o!r l9es ( "w4  ,! tea*+ /aff at
 ?ree ( ! pr9cipal =e/ s*ools ( ! c\ntry
 is z foll[s3  ,at ,s*ool ,a1 #e m5 give
 _! :ole "t to =e/ in/ruction1 & #ad    
give c\rses 9 ! =e/ s*ool4  ,s*ools ,b &
 ,c h ea* #d m5 :o give _! :ole "t to ! 
"w2 & #d & #bj respectively :o give     
lectures or individual c\rses4  ,9      
addition to ! "w = lumb]m51             
associations1 railroads1 & o!rs j       
m5tion$1 an increas+ numb] ( ,=e/]s are 
requir$ to c>e = ! =e/s on l>ge l&$     

e/ates 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,"w ( 
?is k9d is at pres5t re/rict$ almo/     
entirely to ! ,ea/1 & especially to ,new
 ,engl&1 :]e sev]al firms ( consult+    
,=e/]s give to x ! l>g] portion ( _! "t4
 ,"s ( ! m5 ?us employ$ are z fully     
occupi$ ) ! tasks ( ! pr(essional ,=e/] 
z any ( ! m5 9 ! ,gov]nm5t s]vice1 :ile 
o!rs give a "p ( _! att5tion to ! g5]al 
managem5t ( ! prop]ty1 or to !          
protection & propagation ( game & fi%4  
,,! ,,opportunity   ,,gov]nm5t ,,s]vice 
,!re is no m useful pr(ession ?an =e/ry4
 ,! opportunity to make himself c\nt 9  
affairs ( public importance comes e>li] 
& m c]ta9ly to ! ,=e/] ?an to ! memb] ( 
any o!r pr(ession4 ,! fir/ & mo/        
valuable1 !re=e1 ( ! inc5tives :i* lead 
! ,=e/] to 8 *oice is ! *ance to make   
himself ( use to 8 c\ntry & to 8        
g5]ation4  ,b if ?is is ! fir/ matt] to 
be consid]$ 9 decid+ ^u a pr(ession1 x  
is by no means ! la/1 & ! practical     
consid]ations ( a fair return = good "w1
 bread & butt] = a man & 8 family1 !    

c]ta9ty or unc]ta9ty ( employm5t1--su*  
que/ions z ^! mu/ h _! full %>e (       
att5tion4  ,!re are 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates   
,=e/ ,s]vice #ajei ,=e/ ,gu>ds1 #abdg   
,=e/ ,rang]s1 #bcc ,sup]visors1 &       
,deputy ,sup]visors1 & #aae ,=e/        
,assi/ants & #agg ,=e/ ,exam9]s :o1 z   
already expla9$1 are ! te*nical m5 9    
*>ge ( practical =e/ry on ! ,national   
,=e/s4 ,! six ,di/rict (fices toge!r    
include 9 _! memb]%ip ab\t #ej          
pr(essional ,=e/]s1 & ab\t #fe m are    
atta*$ to ! headqu>t]s at ,wa%+ton1 s t 
all[+ = duplications !re are ab\t #cce  
tra9$ ,=e/]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,=e/     
,s]vice4  ,! numb] ( new appo9tm5ts to !
 ,=e/ ,s]vice 9 ! diff]5t p]man5t grades
 v>ies f ye> to ye> b may be said to be 
approximately z foll[s3 ,rang]s1 #bdj   
new appo9tm5ts2 ,=e/ ,assi/ants1 #ce2   
o!r te*nical positions1 #aj4 ,all       
appo9tm5ts z ,sup]visor are by promotion
 f ! li/s ( ,=e/ ,rang]s or ,=e/        
,exam9]s4  ,! ye>ly pay ( ! ,=e/ ,gu>d1 
:o1 l ! ,rang]1 mu/ be a citiz5 ( !     

,/ate 9 :i* 8 "w lies1 is f #dbj to     
#ijj4 ,=e/ ,rang]s1 :o ent] ! ,s]vice   
?r\gh ,civil ,s]vice exam9ation1 receive
 f #aajj to #aejj p] annum4 ,=e/        
,sup]visors1 practically all ( :om are  
m5 ( long exp]i5ce 9 =e/ "w1 receive f  
#afjj to #bgjj p] annum4 ,=e/ ,assi/ants
 ent] ! ,=e/ ,s]vice ?r\gh ,civil       
,s]vice exam9ation at a sal>y ( #abjj p]
 annum1 & are promot$ to a maximum sal>y
 ( #bejj p] annum1 z ,=e/ ,exam9]s4     
,pr(essional ,=e/]s at "w 9 ! ,di/rict  
(fices are recruit$ ma9ly f among ! ,=e/
 ,assi/ants & ,exam9]s4 ,!y receive f   
#aajj to #cbjj ye>ly4 ,! te*nical m5 9  
*>ge at ,wa%+ton get f #aajj to #ejjj p]
 annum1 :i* la/ is ! pay ( ! ,=e/]1 at !
 head ( ! ,s]vice4   ,,/ate ,,s]vice  ,!
 pay ( ! ,/ate ,=e/]s1 or o!r tra9$     
,=e/]s 9 *>ge ( ,/ate "w1 ranges f #ahjj
 to #djjj1 & t ( _! te*nical assi/ants f
 #ajjj to #bejj4 ,out ( ! total numb]1  
only #b are directly 9 *>ge ( _! own "w1
 responsible only to ! ,gov]nor & !     
,legislature1 :ile #ai act z subord9ates

 = ,/ate =e/ commissions or             
commission]s1 :o 9 ! majority ( cases   
are political appo9tees4 ,9 /rik+       
contra/ ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,=e/ ,s]vice1 
politics has s f> be5 a dang]\s1 if n a 
dom9at+1 influ5ce 9 ! =e/ "w ( mo/ ( !  
,/ates :i* h und]tak5 x4  ,l ! ,national
 ,=e/s1 ! ,/ate ,=e/s already 9 exi/5ce 
w create an increas+ dem& = ! s]vice (  
te*nical ,=e/]s4 ,inde$1 z simil> =e/s  
are acquir$ by mo/ ( ! ,/ates :i* are n[
 )\t !m1 z und\bt$ly !y w be1 ! ext5t ( 
! opportunity = pr(essionally tra9$     
,=e/]s 9 ,/ate "w is c]ta9 to gr[4      
,,private ,,"w  ,at pres5t1 ! dem& =    
,=e/]s 9 private "w is f> less press+ & 
! op5+ is f> less attractive ?an x w be 
9 ! n di/ant future4 ,! numb] ( m5 t w  
be requir$ = ?is "w w dep5d on !        
developm5t ( legislation z well z ^u !  
desire ( ! private own]s1 lumb]m5 &     
o!rs1 to protect & improve _! prop]ty4  
,! "t is com+1 & com+ be=e long1 :5 all 
private own]s ( =e/s 9 ! m\nta9s1 or on 
/eep slopes else:]e1 w be requir$ by law

 to provide = _! protection &           
reproduction4 ,:5 t "t arrives1 ! dem& =
 ,=e/]s 9 private "w w increase to v    
l>ge dim5sions1 & w probably d s f> m   
rapidly ?an ,=e/]s c be tra9$ to supply 
x4  ,! pay ( ,=e/]s 9 private "w1 :e!r 9
 ! employ ( lumb]m51 railroads1 %oot+ & 
fi%+ clubs1 ! proprietors ( l>ge private
 e/ates1 or o!r =e/ own]s1 has s f> be5 
some:at bett] ?an t = simil> s]vices 9  
,gov]nm5t employ4 ,?is money diff]5ce 9 
favor ( private employm5t is1 9 my      
judgm5t1 likely to cont9ue1 & ev5tually 
! pay ( consult+ ,=e/]s ( e/abli%$      
reputation employ$ 9 pass+ ^u ! value ( 
=e/s (f]$ z security = inve/m5ts1 or 9  
e/imat+ ! /&+ timb] = pur*as]s or       
sell]s1 or 9 o!r pr(essional "w ( l>ge  
bus9ess importance1 w c]ta9ly rea* v    
satisfactory figures4   ,,tea*+         
,approximately #aaj ,=e/]s are engag$ 9 
tea*+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates to-day4 ,_! pay 
v>ies f ab\t #ajjj to ab\t #cjjj1 & is  
likely to increase r m rapidly ?an t (  
o!r pr(essional tea*]s1 s9ce less ( !m  

are available4 ,x is n likely1 h[ev]1 t 
! numb] ( op5+s 9 tea*+ =e/ry w be l>ge 
)9 ! next t5 ye>s4     ,,tra9+   ,! l5g?
 ( "t :i* 8 tra9+ is to take & !        
p>ticul> c\rses ( in/ruction :i* he %all
 pursue are to ! "y man contemplat+ !   
/udy ( =e/ry matt]s ( ! fir/ importance4
 ,! fir/ ?+ to insi/ on 9 t connection  
is t ! tra9+ mu/ be ?or\gh4 ,x is       
natural t a "y man %\ld be eag] to beg9 
8 life "w & !re=e some:at impati5t ( !  
long gr9d ( a ?or\gh s*ool+4 ,b h[ev]   
natural1 x is n ! "p ( wisdom to cut    
%ort ! "t ( prep>ation4 ,:5 ! s]i\s "w (
 ! tra9$ ,=e/] beg9s lat] on1 !re w be  
little or no "t to fill ! gaps left at  
s*ool1 & ! e>ne/ desire ( ! "y ,=e/] w  
be t he _h sp5t m "t 9 8 prep>ation r   
?an less4 ,9 ?is matt] ,i speak z "o :o 
has ga!r$ a conviction f p]sonal        
exp]i5ce1 & believes he kn[s4  ,x w\ld  
be useless to attempt to /rike an av]age
 ( ! "w prescrib$ & ! c\rses giv5 at !  
v>i\s =e/ s*ools4 ,i %all describe1     
!re=e1 n an av]age sy/em ( in/ruction b 

"o :i*1 9 ! judgm5t ( m5 entitl$ to an  
op9ion1 & 9 my own judgm5t1 is s\nd1    
practical1 & effective4  ,=e/ s*ools may
 r\ghly be divid$ betwe5 ^? :i* d n     
prep>e m5 = pr(essional "w 9 =e/ry1 & ^?
 :i* d4 ,! latt] may be divid$ aga9 into
 und]graduate s*ools & graduate s*ools4 
,mo/ ( ! =m] (f] a f\r-ye> und]graduate 
c\rse1 & _! /ud5ts receive _! degrees at
 ! same "t z o!r memb]s ( ! ,univ]sity  
:o ent]$ at ! same "t ) !m4 ,! graduate 
s*ools require a college degree1 or its 
equival5t 9 c]ta9 subjects1 be=e !y w   
receive a /ud5t4 ,! m5 :o h complet$ _! 
c\rses h usually1 !re=e1 pursu$ m       
ext5sive & m advanc$ /udies 9 =e/ry1 are
 bett] tra9$1 & are !mselves old] & m   
ready to accept ! responsibilities :i*  
=e/ry br+s ^u !m4 ,= ^! reasons1 !      
graduate s*ool tra9+ is by f> ! m       
desirable1 9 my op9ion4  ,! subjects    
requir$ = entrance to a graduate =e/    
s*ool %\ld include at lea/ "o full ye> 9
 college botany1 cov]+ ! g5]al          
morphology1 hi/ology1 & physiology (    

plants1 "o c\rse ea* 9 geology1 physics1
 inorganic *emi/ry1 zooelogy1 &         
economics1 ) ma!matics ?r\gh            
trigonometry1 & a read+ k ( ,fr5* or    
,g]man4 ,"s acqua9tance ) me*anical     
draw+ is also desirable b n absolutely  
necess>y4 ,o!r c\rses :i* are extremely 
desirable1 if n altoge!r ess5tial1 are  
m9]alogy1 meteorology1 me*anics1        
physical geography1 organic *emi/ry1 &  
possibly calculus1 :i* may be ( use 9   
timb] physics4  ,"o or two =e/ s*ools   
beg9 _! c\rse ( tra9+ = ! fir/ ye> 9    
,july in/ead ( 9 ,octob]1 9 ord] to give
 _! /ud5ts "s acqua9tance ) ! woods f ! 
,=e/]'s /&po9t be=e ! m =mal c\rses     
beg94 ,! result ( ?is plan is to give   
increas$ vividness & reality to all !   
c\rses :i* foll[ ! "w 9 ! woods1 to make
 cle> ! application ( :at is taught1 & s
 to add greatly to ! effici5cy ( !      
tea*+4  ,9 addition to ?is prelim9>y t\*
 ) ! woods1 any wise plan ( tea*+ w     
include _m =e/ excursions & mu*         
practical field "w z vitally important  

p>ts ( ! in/ruction4 ,?is outdoor "w    
%\ld occur ?r\gh\t ! :ole c\rse1 w9t] & 
summ]1 & 9 addition1 ! la/ t]m ( ! s5ior
 ye> may well be sp5t :olly 9 ! woods1  
:]e ! /ud5ts c be tra9$ 9 ! managem5t ( 
logg+ op]ations & mill+1 & c get _! f9al
 practice "w 9 survey+ & map-mak+1 9    
prep>+ =e/ work+ plans1 e/imat+ timb]1  
lay+ out roads & trails1 mak+ plans =   
lumb] op]ations1 & o!r simil> practical 
"w4 ,sev]al ( ! be/ =e/ s*ools h adopt$ 
?is plan4  ,! regul> c\rses ( a graduate
 =e/ s*ool usually cov] a p]iod ( two   
ye>s4 ,!y %\ld fit a /ud5t = ne>ly e    
phase ( pr(essional "w 9 =e/ry1 & %\ld  
give him a s\nd prep>ation n m]ely =    
practical "w 9 ! woods1 b also = !      
broad] "w ( =e/ organization 9 !        
,gov]nm5t ,s]vice 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & 9 
! ,philipp9es1 & 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,/ates2 
= h&l+ l>ge tracts ( private =e/ l&s2 = 
exp]t "w 9 ! employ ( lumb]m5 & o!r =e/ 
own]s2 = public speak+ & writ+2 = tea*+2
 & = sci5tific rese>*4  ,e well equipp$ 
=e/ s*ool w h a work+ libr>y ( books1   

pamphlets1 & lumb] j\rnals publi%$ "h & 
abroad1 an h]b>ium at lea/ ( native     
trees & %rubs & ( ! m important =e/     
h]bs1 toge!r ) a collection ( =e/ tree  
fruits & se$s1 & specim5s ( dome/ic &   
=eign timb]s4 ,exhibits %[+ ! uses (    
woods & ! v>i\s =ms ( tools us$ 9       
lumb]+1 z well z ! app>atus = laboratory
 "w & survey+1 & =e/ in/rum5ts = "w 9 ! 
field1 are (t5 ( great value to ! /ud5t4
  ,:at %\ld a "y man le>n at a =e/      
s*ool8 ,d\btless !re w be "s v>iation ( 
op9ion z to ! exact c\rse ( /udy :i* w  
be/ fit him = ! "w ( a ,=e/] 9 ! ,unit$ 
,/ates4 ,! foll[+ li/ expresses ! be/   
judgm5t on ! subject ,i h be5 able to   
=m3   ,,d5drology3  ,! fir/ /ep 9 =e/ry 
is to become acqua9t$ ) ! v>i\s k9ds (  
trees4 ,! com+ ,=e/] mu/ le>n to id5tify
 ! woody plants ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 bo? 9
 summ] & 9 w9t]4 ,he mu/ und]/& _! %apes
 & outw>d /ructures1 & :]e !y are f\nd1 
& he mu/ beg9 8 k ( ! individual habits 
( gr[? & life :i* di/+ui% ! trees :i*   
are important 9 =e/ry4   ,,=e/          

,,physiography3  ,trees gr[ 9 ! soil4 ,x
 is important to "k some?+ ( ! orig9 (  
soils & _! prop]ties & values1 & ( !    
pr9cipal soil types1 ) special ref]5ce  
to _! effect ^u plant di/ribution &     
welf>e4 ,! orig91 nature1 value1 &      
cons]vation ( humus1 t mo/ ess5tial     
+r$i5t ( ! =e/ floor2 ! field me?ods (  
mapp+ soil types2 ! rock types mo/      
important 9 _! relation to soils1 h[ !y 
are made up1 h[ !y make soil1 & :]e !y  
occur--some?+ %\ld be le>n$ ( all ?is4  
,f9ally1 "u ?is head1 ! /ud5t ought to  
get a usable k ( ! physiographic regions
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 _! b\nd>ies1        
geologic /ructure1 topography1 dra9age1 
& soils1--all ?is naturally ) special   
ref]5ce to ! relation betwe5 ^! basic   
facts & ! =e/4   ,,silviculture3        
,silviculture is ! art ( c>+ = =e/s1 &  
!re=e ! backbone ( =e/ry4 ,x is bas$ ^u 
,silvics1 :i* is ! k ( ! habits or      
behavior ( trees 9 _! relations to      
light1 heat1 & moi/ure1 to ! air & soil1
 & to ea* o!r4 ,x is ! facts embrac$ 9  

,silvics :i* expla9 ! composition1 "*1 &
 =m ( ! =e/2 ! success or failure ( tree
 species 9 competition ) ea* o!r2 !     
di/ribution ( trees & ( =e/s2 !         
developm5t ( ea* tree 9 height1 diamet]1
 & volume2 its =m & l5g? ( life2 !      
me?ods ( its reproduction2 & ! effect ( 
all ^! ^u ! nature & ! evolution ( !    
city ( trees1 & ^u =e/ types & _! life  
hi/ories4  ,?is is k ! ,=e/] c n d )\t4 
,silvics is ! f\ndation ( 8 pr(essional 
capacity1 & z a /ud5t he c bett] af=d to
 scamp any "p ( 8 tra9+ r ?an ?is4 ,a   
man may be a poor ,=e/] :o kn[s         
,silvics1 b no man c be a good ,=e/] :o 
does n4  ,! practice ( ,silviculture has
 to d ) ! treatm5t ( woodl&s4 ,! =e/    
/ud5t mu/ le>n ! diff]5t me?ods (       
reproduc+ =e/s by diff]5t me?ods ( cutt+
 !m d[n1 & ! application ( ^! me?ods 9  
diff]5t ,am]ican =e/ regions4 ,!re are  
also _m me?ods ( cutt+ = ! improvem5t ( 
! "* & gr[? ( =e/s1 z well z = utiliz+  
mat]ial t o!rwise w\ld g to wa/e1 be=e !
 f9al reproduction cutt+s c be made4 ,! 

ways 9 :i* =e/s ne$ protection are      
equally num]\s1 & ( ^! by f> ! mo/      
important 9 our c\ntry h to d ) me?ods (
 prev5t+ or ext+ui%+ =e/ fires4  ,well  
manag$ =e/s are h&l$ "u work+ plans bas$
 on ! silvical "* & silvicultural ne$s (
 ! =e/1 z well z ^u ! purpose set by !  
own] z ! object ( managem5t1 :i* is (t5 
closely relat$ to que/ions ( =e/ f9ance4
 ,! /ud5t %\ld gr\nd himself ?or\ghly 9 
! mak+ ( silvicultural work+ plans1 & ! 
m practice 9 mak+ !m he c get1 ! bett]4 
,s1 too1 ) ! m>k+ ( trees 9 reproduction
 & improvem5t cutt+s "u z _m diff]5t    
k9ds ( =e/ conditions z may be possible4
  ,! artificial reproduction ( =e/s is  
likely to occupy f> m ( ! ,=e/]'s       
att5tion 9 ! future ?an x has 9 ! pa/4  
,h5ce ! collection ( tree se$s1 _!      
f]tility & vitality z affect+ _! h&l+1 !
 be/ me?ods ( se$+ & plant+1 & ! lessons
 ( pa/ failures & successes1 ) ! :ole   
subject ( nurs]y "w & ! c>e ( "y        
plantations1 mu/ by no means be         
ov]look$4  ,mu* incid5tal in=mation on !

 subject ( =e/ protection w come to !   
/ud5t 9 ! c\rse ( 8 /udies1 b special   
att5tion %\ld be giv5 to le>n+ :i* ( !  
species ( =e/ insects are mo/ injuri\s  
to =e/ vegetation1 h[ _! attacks are    
made1 h[ !y may be discov]$1 & ! be/    
ways by :i* su* attacks c be mitigat$ or
 controll$4 ,s also ! diseases ( timb]  
trees w repay h>d /udy4 ,! pr9cipal     
fungi :i* causes su* diseases %\ld be   
kn[n1 h[ !y attack ! trees1 & :at are ! 
rem$ies1 z well z 7al?\gh ?is is f> less
 important7 ! way to treat tree w\nds & 
! correct me?ods ( prun+4   ,,=e/       
,,economics3  ,=e/ ,economics is a l>ge 
subject4 ,x deals ) ! productive value (
 =e/s to _! own]s1 & ) ! l>g] "q ( _!   
place 9 ! economy ( ! ,nation4 ,x       
consid]s _! use z cons]v]s ( ! soil & ! 
/reams2 _! effect on climate1 locally1 z
 9 ! case ( w9dbreak]s1 & on a l>g]     
scale2 & _! contribution to ! public    
welf>e z recreation gr\nds & game       
refuges4 ,x includes a k ( wa/es f :i* !
 =e/s suff]1 & ! consequ5t loss to      

indu/ry & to ! public1 & 9 ?is x does n 
omit ! effects ( =e/ fires4 ,/ati/ics ( 
=e/ consumption2 ! relation ( ! =e/ to  
railroads1 m9es1 & o!r wood-us+         
indu/ries2 its effect ^u agriculture1   
/ock rais+1 & manufactur+ indu/ries2 &  
its effect ^u ! use ( ! /reams =        
navigation1 p[]1 irrigation1 & dome/ic  
wat] supply2 all ^! are important4 ,!   
/ud5t %\ld consid] also ! =e/ res\rces (
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 _! pres5t condition1 &
 ! ne$s !y mu/ be fitt$ to supply4      
,,=e/ ,,eng9e]+3  ,=e/ eng9e]+ is       
/eadily becom+ m & m necess>y to !      
,=e/]4 ,he mu/ h a work+ k ( ! use (    
survey+ in/rum5ts2 ! mak+ ( topographic 
surveys2 ! (fice "w requir$ ( an eng9e]2
 ! mak+ ( topographic maps2 ! location (
 trails1 roads1 & railroads2 & !        
con/ruction ( bridges1 telephone l9es1  
cab9s1 & f5ces1 toge!r ) logg+          
railroads1 slides1 dams1 & flumes4      
,,=e/ ,,m5suration3  ,illu/ration3 ,,=e/
 ,,s]vice ,,m5 ,,mak+ ,,fre%            
,,measurem5ts ,,9 ,,! ,,miss\ri ,,swamps

  ,=e/ m5suration1 ! art ( measur+ !    
cont5ts & gr[? ( trees & =e/ /&s1 is (  
fundam5tal importance4 ,! pr9ciples &   
me?ods ( timb] e/imat+1 ! actual        
measurem5t ( /&+ timb]1 log rules1 !    
mak+ ( /em analyses to %[ ! increase ( a
 tree 9 diamet]1 height1 & volume1 !    
con/ruction ( tables ( curr5t & mean    
annual gr[? p] acre & p] tree1 & !      
me?ods ( us+ ! in=mation ?us            
=mulat$1--all ^! are necess>ily ( ke5   
int]e/ to ! man :o lat] on w h to apply 
8 k 9 ! practical managem5t ( woods4    
,,=e/ ,,managem5t3  ,=e/ managem5t is   
conc]n$ ) ! pr9ciples involv$ 9 plann+ !
 h&l+ ( =e/s4 ,que/ions ( ! valuation ( 
=e/s =m a mo/ ess5tial "p ( x1--su*     
que/ions z ! co/ ( gr[+ timb] crops1 !  
value ( l& = t purpose1 ! value ( "y    
timb]1 ! valuation ( damage to ! =e/1 & 
! legal /atus ( ! damage & ! rem$y4     
,bus9ess pr9ciples are z necess>y 9 !   
managem5t ( =e/s z 9 ! managem5t ( mills
 or f>ms4 ,^! bus9ess pr9ciples "w out 9
 diff]5t =ms ( =e/ policy adapt$ to !   

ne$s ( diff]5t k9ds ( own]s1 su* z      
lumb]m5 & ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,:at ! "y ,=e/]  
has le>n$ ab\t gr[? & yield1 ab\t timb] 
e/imates & =e/ /ati/ics1 & _m o!r       
matt]s1 all f9ds its application 9 =e/  
managem5t4 ,he mu/ also consid] ! me?ods
 & pr9ciples = regulat+ ! cut ( timb]1  
or = secur+ su/a9$ annual yields4 ,all  
?is =ms ! basis = ! prep>ation ( work+  
plans = ! utilization ( =e/s "u ,am]ican
 economic & silvicultural conditions1 n 
only )\t injury1 b ) b5efit1 to _!      
cont9u$ productiv5ess4  ,! subjects (   
=e/ survey+ & work+ plans are intimately
 relat$4 ,maps are indisp5sable 9 !     
practical "w ( mak+ a =e/ work+ plan4   
,topographic mapp+1 timb] e/imat+1 =e/  
description1 & ! location ( logg+ roads1
 trails1 & fire l9es1 toge!r ) ,silvics 
& a k ( gr[? & yield--^! & _m o!r       
subjects ent] into ! mak+ ( a practical 
work+ plan to h>ve/ a =e/ crop & secure 
a second gr[? ( timb]4 ,! /ud5t %\ld get
 all ! practice he c 9 m>k+ timb] =     
cutt+ "u su* a plan4  ,! "y ,=e/] mu/   

make himself famili> ) ! adm9i/ration ( 
! ,national ,=e/s4 ,he mu/ "k h[ !      
bus9ess ( ! =e/ is h&l$1 h[ x is        
protect$ aga9/ fire1 h[ ! timb] is sold1
 h[ claims & entries are dealt ) "u !   
public l& laws1 h[ l& 9 ! ,national     
,=e/s is us$ to make homes1 h[ trespass 
is controll$1 h[ ! live/ock indu/ry on !
 ,national ,=e/s is fo/]$ & regulat$1 & 
h[ ! extremely valuable wat]%$s !y      
conta9 are safegu>d$ & improv$4   ,,!   
,,practice ,,( ,,=e/ry3  ,! practice (  
=e/ry is necess>ily diff]5t 9 diff]5t   
k9ds ( =e/s & "u diff]5t economic       
conditions4 ,all t ! ,=e/] kn[s mu/ "h  
be appli$1 & appli$ 9 workable fa%ion1 n
 only to ! =e/1 b to ! m5 :o use ! =e/4 
,?is is peculi>ly true ( ! practice (   
=e/ry 9 ,national & ,/ate ,=e/s ev]y:]e4
   ,,=e/ ,,products3  ,"u ?is g5]al     
subject1 ! =e/ /ud5t mu/ acqua9t        
himself1 ?r\gh ! microscope1 ) ! m9ute  
anatomy ( ! woody /em ( conif]\s &      
broadleaf trees1 & ! occurr5ce1 =m1     
/ructure1 & v>iability ( ! elem5ts :i*  

make x up4 ,he %\ld become famili> ) !  
me?ods ( classify+ ! economic woods ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates1 bo? "u ! microscope & ) !
 unassi/$ eye1 & = ?is purpose %\ld "k  
some?+ ( _! color1 gloss1 gra91 d5sity1 
odor1 & resonance bo? z aids to         
id5tification & z to _! importance 9    
giv+ value to ! wood2 ! defects ( timb]2
 its moi/ure cont5t1 d5sity1 %r9k+1     
*eck+1 w>p+2 & ! effect ( all ^! ^u its 
uses4  ,! *emical composition ( wood & (
 m9or =e/ products1 su* z tann9s & dye  
/uffs1 is important2 ! prop]ties gov]n+ 
! fuel value & ! o!r values ( wood mu/  
be /udi$1 z well z ! me?ods ( us+ ^!    
prop]ties 9 ! mak+ ( *>coal & wood pulp1
 9 wood di/illation1 ! turp5t9e indu/ry1
 9 tann+ & dye+1 & 9 o!r indu/ries4  ,a 
field ( great importance is ! relation  
betwe5 ! physical /ructure & ! me*anical
 prop]ties ( wood4 ,a /ud5t %\ld in=m   
himself conc]n+ ! /&>d me?ods ( te/+ !  
prop]ties ( /ructural timb]1 by b5d+1   
compression1 %e>+1 torsion1 impact1 & ! 
h>dness & t5sion te/s1 ) _! relation to 

heat & moi/ure1 & ! me?ods ( season+1 ! 
use ( pres]vatives1 & ! effect ( ! rate 
( application ( ! load4  ,woods v>y z to
 _! durability4 ,x is important1 !re=e1 
to "k ab\t ! causes ( decay1 !          
decay-resi/+ p[] ( v>i\s woods1 !       
relation ( moi/ure cont5t to durability1
 :y ! season+ ( wood is effective1 !    
!ory & ! comm]cial me?ods ( wood        
pres]vation1 & its relation to ! timb]  
supply4   ,,lumb]+3  ,lumb]+ ! ,=e/]    
%\ld "k m ?an a little ab\t1 z h[ to    
organize lumb] op]ations1 ! equipm5t &  
managem5t ( logg+ & mill+ 9 v>i\s =e/   
regions1 ! manufacture1 season+1 & grad+
 ( ! r\gh & f9i%$ lumb]1 co/ keep+ 9 a  
lumb] bus9ess1 me?ods ( sale1 m>ket     
requirem5ts at home & abroad1 prices1 ! 
relation ( ! lumb] t>iff to =e/ry1 lumb]
 associations1 timb] bonds1 & insurance4
 ,! practical con/ruction ( logg+       
equipm5t1 su* z a]ial tramways1 log     
slides1 dams1 & flumes1 is ( peculi>    
importance1 & s are ! conditions &      
*anges ( ! lumb] m>ket4  ,exp]i5ce on ! 

l& ( "s op]at+ lumb] company is ( great 
value4 ,x %\ld include a /udy ( logg+   
me?ods1 log scal+1 wa/e 9 logg+1 !      
equipm5t & h&l+ ( ! mill1 ! saw+ & c>e (
 r\gh & f9i%$ lumb]1 its grad+1 & s f> z
 possible an acqua9tance ) wood work+   
plants ( v>i\s k9ds1 & ) ! op]ations (  
turp5t9e or*>d+4 ,/udies along ^! l9es  
may ) advantage be almo/ indef9itely    
ext5d$ to include1 = example !          
utilization ( /eam ma*9]y = logg+1 !    
improvem5t ( /reams = driv+ logs1 & o!r 
simil> que/ions4   ,,=e/ ,,law3  ,!     
,=e/] mu/ h at lea/ a slight acqua9tance
 ) =e/ law1 bo? ,/ate & ,national4 ,x is
 important to "k some?+ ( ! g5]al       
pr9ciples ( classify+ ! public l&s1 (   
,/ate laws = fire protection1 !         
developm5t ( =e/ policies 9 ! v>i\s     
,/ates z legally express$1 & ! important
 laws :i* gov]n ! creation & managem5t (
 ,/ate =e/ res]ves4  ,=e/ taxation1     
,/ate & local1 :i* has1 :5 excessive1 s 
mu* to d ) ha/5+ =e/ de/ruction1 is "o (
 ! mo/ important que/ions :i* c engage !

 att5tion ( ! ,=e/]4  ,"u ! subject (   
,f$]al ,=e/ ,law1 x is n suffici5t = !  
/ud5t to acqua9t himself ) ^? laws alone
 :i* gov]n ! =e/s4 ,he mu/ also h "s k (
 ! creation ( a =e/ policy out ( !      
public l& policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 "s  
acqua9tance ) ! public l& laws4 ,a good 
work+ k ( ! laws & regulations gov]n+ ! 
,national ,=e/s is indisp5sable1 & !    
/ud5t %\ld at lea/ "k :]e to f9d ! m    
important c\rt decisions by :i* !y are  
int]pret$4   ,,=e/ ,,hi/ory3  ,! hi/ory 
( =e/ry 9 ,europe has a c]ta9 importance
 9 ?r[+ light on our own =e/ hi/ory &   
its probable developm5t1 & ?is is       
especially true ( ! hi/ory ( !          
adm9i/ration ( ,gov]nm5t =e/ l&s & (    
education 9 =e/ry4  ,! hi/ory ( =e/ry 9 
! ,unit$ ,/ates1 h[ev]1 is f> m         
important4 ,! ,=e/] mu/ "k ! /ory ( !   
gr[? & *ange ( ,national ,=e/           
organizations1 ! ,=e/ ,(fic]s & _!      
duties1 ! co/1 size1 & effectiv5ess ( ! 
,gov]nm5t ,=e/ ,s]vice at diff]5t times1
 ! ,civil ,s]vice regulations "u :i* x  

is recruit$1 & o!r simil> matt]s4 ,x is 
important likewise = him to become      
?or\ghly saturat$ ) an intimate k ( !   
developm5t ( =e/ry 9 public op9ion 9 !  
,unit$ ,/ates1 its ext5sion to ! o!r    
natural res\rces ?r\gh ! cons]vation    
policy1 & ! relation ( ! ,=e/]'s po9t ( 
view ?us express$ to ! pres5t welf>e &  
future success ( ! ,nation4  ,x is n    
always possible = ! =e/ /ud5t to become 
a woodsman be=e ent]+ 8 pr(ession1 b x  
is mo/ desirable4 ,a ,=e/] mu/ be able  
to travel ! =e/ alone by day & by night1
 he %\ld be a good fi%]man & a good     
hunt] 7:i* is f> m important ?an to be a
 good %ot71 & deeply int]e/$ 9 bo? fi% &
 game4 ,! bett] horseman he is ! bett]  
,=e/] he w be1 & especially if he c pack
 & h&le pack horses 9 ! woods4 ,s t :e!r
 ! "y ,=e/] beg9s ) a practical k (     
woodcraft or n1 he mu/ n fail to acquire
 or improve x1 = )\t x he w endang] !   
:ole success ( 8 c>e]4  ,"s k ( fir/ aid
 to ! injur$ is likely to be ( great &  
sudd5 value to a man s mu* ( ^: life mu/

 be sp5t 9 ! woods1 at a di/ance f      
m$ical aid4 ,! "t sp5t 9 gett+ in=mation
 on ?is subject w be any?+ b wa/$4      
,,engli%3  ,! ability to write & to     
speak good1 pla91 und]/&able ,engli% is 
a prime requisite 9 ! ,=e/]'s tra9+4 ,x 
is a "p ( education frequ5tly neglect$1 
especially by ^? 9 eng9e]+ or sci5tific 
pursuits2 yet its importance = ! ,=e/]  
is v l>ge4 ,z already po9t$ out1 ! ,=e/]
 is on ! fir+ l9e ( ! cons]vation       
movem5t2 he is pione]+ 9 a new          
pr(ession4 ,= ?is reason he w (t5 ne$ to
 expla9 8 /& & conv]t o!rs to 8 beliefs4
 ,9 addition1 he mu/ make available to  
o!rs ! results he secures f ! /udy ( new
 facts4 ,a usable comm& ( 8 own language
 w /& him 9 good /ead1 :e!r he ne$s to  
talk face to face ) ano!r man1 or f a   
plat=m to a conc\rse ( p1 or to put into
 readable pr9t$ =m ! results ( 8        
obs]vations or 8 ?9k+4  ,:5 ! "y ,=e/]  
has complet$ ! c\rses ( 8 s*ool tra9+ 9 
,am]ica1 ! "q may be rais$ :e!r he %\ld 
supplem5t 8 tra9+ by /udy abroad4 ,i am 

/rongly ( op9ion t he %\ld d s if he c4 
,/udy abroad is n indisp5sable = !      
,am]ican ,=e/]1 b x c d him no?+ b good 
to see 9 practical op]ation ! me?ods (  
=e/ry :i* h result$ f ! long exp]i5ce ( 
o!r l&s1 & especially to become famili> 
) ! effect ( s\nd =e/ry on ! =e/4       
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,note3                                  
,inconsi/5t hyph5ation & spell+ 9 !     
orig9al docum5t h be5 pres]v$4          
,typographical errors correct$ 9 ! text3
                                        
,page #ace  w9dbrakes *ang$ to w9dbreaks
                                        
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