,note3 ,images ( ! orig9al pages are    
available ?r\gh       ,int]net          
,ar*ive_/,am]ican ,libr>ies4 ,see       
http3_/_/www4ar*ive4org_/details_/an?rop
ologyassc#jj;br9ri*   ,transcrib]'s     
,note     ,two typographical errors 7   
id5tifi$ b n correct$    9 ?is e-book4  
,!y are m>k$ ) ,,tn-#a & ,,tn-#b1    :i*
 ref] to notes at ! end ( ! text4       
,,an?ropology3  ,z a ,sci5ce & ,z a     
,bran* ( ,univ]sity ,education 9 !      
,unit$ ,/ates4  by  ,,daniel ,g4        
,,br9ton1 ,a4,m41 ,m4,d41 ,,ll4,d41     
,pr(essor ( ,am]ican ,ar*ology &        
,l+ui/ics 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1
 & ( ,g5]al ,e?nology at ! ,academy (   
,natural ,sci5ces1 ,philadelphia2       
,correspond+ ,memb] ( ! ,an?ropological 
,societies ( ,wa%+ton1 ,new ,york1      
,p>is1 ,b]l91 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ,vi5na1   
,muni*1 ,flor5ce1 ,etc4                 
,philadelphia3 #ahib4     ,,prefatory   
,,note4   ,?is v brief pres5tation ( !  
claims ( ,an?ropology = a recogniz$     
place 9 in/itutions ( ! high] education 

9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates w1 ,i hope1 receive ! 
?\ghtful consid]ation ( ! (fic]s &      
patrons ( our ,univ]sities &            
,po/-,graduate ,dep>tm5ts4  ,! ne$ ( su*
 a pres5tation 0 urg$ ^u me n long s9ce 
by ! di/+ui%$ presid5t ( a ,new ,engl&  
,univ]sity4 ,impress$ ) ! =ce ( 8 words1
 ,i make an e>ne/ appeal to our seats ( 
advanc$ le>n+ to e/abli% a bran* (      
,an?ropology on ! broad l9es h]e9       
sugge/$4 ,x may be b "o *air 9 _!       
,faculties ( ,philosophy2 b ! rightful  
claims ( ?is sci5ce w be recogniz$ only 
:5 x is organiz$ z a dep>tm5t by itself1
 ) a compet5t corps ( pr(essors &       
doc5ts1 ) well-appo9t$ laboratories &   
museums1 & ) fell[%ips = des]v+ /ud5ts4 
,:o is ! enlight5$ & lib]al citiz5 ready
 to f\nd su* a dep>tm5t1 & end[ x ) !   
means necess>y to c>ry out bo?          
in/ruction & orig9al rese>*8  ,i d n    
plead = any "o in/itution1 or locality1 
or individual2 b simply = ! creation 9 !
 ,unit$ ,/ates ( ! opportunity ( /udy+  
?is highe/ ( ! sci5ces 9 a mann] befitt+

 its importance4       ,,an?ropology1   
,,z ,a ,,sci5ce1   ,,&   ,z a ,bran* (  
,univ]sity ,education4   ,:at           
,an?ropology ,is4  ,man himself is !    
only f9al measure ( 8 own activities4   
,to 8 own =ce & faculties all o!r te/s  
are 9 ! end ref]r$4 ,all sci5ces & arts1
 all pleasures & pursuits1 are assign$  
_! respective rank 9 8 int]e/ by ref]5ce
 to ^? physical p[]s & m5tal processes  
:i* are peculi>ly ! prop]ty ( 8 own     
species4  ,h5ce1 ! ,/udy ( ,man1 pursu$ 
"u ! guidance ( accurate obs]vation &   
exp]im5tal rese>*1 embrac+ all 8 nature 
& all ! manife/ations ( 8 activity1 9 ! 
pa/ z well z 9 ! pres5t1 ! :ole         
co-ord9at$ 9 accordance ) ! inductive   
me?ods ( ! natural sci5ces--?is /udy mu/
 9 ! future unfail+ly come to be reg>d$ 
z ! cr[n & completion ( all o!rs--& ?is 
is ,an?ropology4   ,! ,value (          
,an?ropology4  ,! value ( ! applications
 ( ?is sci5ce c sc>cely be ov]e/imat$4  
,9 gov]nm5t & law1 9 education &        
religion1 m5 h hi!rto be5 dealt )       

accord+ to traditional beliefs or a     
priori !ories ( :at !y may or ought to  
be4 ,:5 we le>n ?r\gh sci5tific rese>*  
:at !y really are1 we %all !n1 & !n     
only1 h a solid f\ndation on :i* to     
build ! social1 e?ical & political      
/ructures ( ! future4 ,x is !           
appreciation ( ?is :i* has giv5 !       
extraord9>y impetus to ! /udy (         
,sociology--a bran* ( ,an?ropology--)9 !
 la/ decade4  ,an?ropology alone        
furni%es ! key & clue to ,hi/ory4 ,?is  
also is meet+ recognition4 ,no long] are
 ! be/ hi/ories ma9ly *ronicles ( k+s & 
w>s1 b records ( ! developm5t & ! decl9e
 ( peoples2 & :at con/itutes a p1 &     
%apes its de/9y1 is ! v bus9ess (       
,e?nology to expla94  ,s likewise 9     
hygi5e & m$ic9e1 9 e?ics & religion1 9  
language & arts1 9 pa9t+1 ar*itecture1  
sculpture & music1 ! full import & (t5  
unconsci\s int5tion ( human activity c  
only be und]/ood1 & direct$ 9 ! mo/     
productive *annels1 by su* a c>eful     
hi/orical & physical analysis z         

,an?ropology aims to pres5t4            
,societies & ,s*ools = ! ,/udy (        
,an?ropology4  ,! _w ( sci5ce has be5   
recogniz+ m fully1 ye> by ye>1 ! p>am\nt
 importance ( ! sy/ematic /udy (        
,an?ropology to ! aspirations ( mod]n   
civilization4  ,! fir/ ,an?ropological  
,society--t ( ,p>is--0 f\nd$ by ,paul   
,broca1 9 ,may1 #ahei4 ,x has be5       
rapidly foll[$ by ! organization (      
simil> societies 9 ,london1 ,b]l91 ,/4  
,pet]sburg1 ,vi5na1 ,brussels1 ,muni*1  
,madrid1 ,flor5ce1 ,wa%+ton1 ,new ,york1
 & _m o!r c5tres ( enlight5$ ?\ght4 ,9  
#ahhb ! ,am]ican ,association = !       
,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce organiz$ its      
,section ( ,an?ropology2 & 9 #ahhd !    
,briti% ,association = ! ,advancem5t (  
,sci5ce foll[$ ?is example4 ,x is a well
 kn[n fact t ^! sections are m          
attractive to ! g5]al public1 & are     
bett] suppli$ ) mat]ial ?an any o!r     
sections 9 ! ,associations4 ,?is augurs 
well = ! zeal ) :i* /ud5ts w\ld welcome 
! creation ( special dep>tm5ts =        

in/ruction 9 all bran*es ( ! sci5ce4  ,!
 fir/ ,s*ool ( ,an?ropology 0 f\nd$ also
 by ,broca1 at ,p>is1 9 ! ye> #ahgf4 ,x 
began ) a corps ( five pr(essors1 a     
numb] :i* x has n[ d\bl$1 ! dem& = m    
ext5d$ in/ruction hav+ /eadily increas$4
 ,! c\rses h be5 z well att5d$ z any    
o!rs1 ei!r at ! ,collge de ,france1 or  
at ! ,sorbonne4 ,a second s*ool is      
organiz$ 9 connection ) ! ,museum (     
,natural ,hi/ory at ! ,j>d9 des         
,plantes4 ,x has c\nt$ among its        
in/ructors v>i\s illu/ri\s names1 & its 
c\rses h also be5 highly popul>4        
,sev]al ( ! ,g]man univ]sities h        
organiz$ a dep>tm5t ( ,an?ropology4 ,9  
^? ( ,muni*1 ,b]l91 ,m>burg1 & ,buda    
,pe/h ! *airs are fill$ respectively by 
,ranke1 ,ba/ian1 ,von d5 ,/e951 & ,von  
,trk4 ,9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,leipzig1 ,dr4  
,e4 ,s*midt is doc5t 9 ,an?ropology2 & !
 same position is held 9 ,b]l9 by ,dr4  
,von ,lus*an4 ,9 a numb] ( o!r          
in/itutions1 lectures on ! bran* are    
giv54 ,! fir/ degree 9 ,an?ropology 0   

conf]r$ by ! ,univ]sity ( ,muni* ?ree   
ye>s ago4 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,brussels has 
e/abli%$ a full *air ( ,an?ropology1    
occupi$ by ,pr(essor ,h\ze2 & a simil>  
position is fill$ 9 ! ,muse             
,polyte*nique1 at ,mosc[1 by ,pr(essor  
,dimitri ,an\t*9e4  ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 
regul> c\rses on ,physical ,an?ropology 
& ,e?nology h be5 giv5 by me = ! la/ six
 ye>s1 at ! ,academy ( ,natural         
,sci5ces1 ,philadelphia4 ,b ! only      
educational in/itutions :i* h di/9ctly  
recogniz$ ! bran* are ,cl>k ,univ]sity1 
,worce/]1 ,mass41 :]e ,dr4 ,franz ,boas 
is doc5t 9 ,an?ropology1 & :i*1 9 ,m>* (
 ?is ye>1 conf]r$ ! fir/ degree 9       
,an?ropology giv5 9 ,am]ica2 & !        
,univ]sity ( ,*icago1 9 :i* ,dr4        
,fr$]ick ,/>r is ,assi/ant ,pr(essor (  
,an?ropology4 ,i _c le>n t any full     
pr(essor%ip ( ! sci5ce has be5 e/abli%$ 
9 ?is c\ntry4  ,consid]able att5tion has
 be5 paid to ! subject by ! sci5ti/s    
connect$ ) ! ,national ,museum1 !       
,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 ! ,army ,m$ical

 ,museum1 & especially ! ,bureau (      
,e?nology at ,wa%+ton4 ,! la/ m5tion$1  
"u ! effici5t adm9i/ration ( ,major ,j4 
,w4 ,p[ell1 has enri*$ ! lit]ature (    
,an?ropology ) a s]ies ( publications n 
exce$$ 9 value by ^? ( any o!r gov]nm5t4
   ,subdivisions ( ,an?ropology4  ,!    
,/udy ( ,man 9 accordance ) ! laws (    
inductive rese>* is1 !re=e1 ! aim &     
mean+ ( ,an?ropology4 ,! subject is a   
broad "o1--9 space1 z wide z ! _w2 9 "t1
 long] ?an all hi/ory2 9 dep?1 rea*+ to 
! inn]mo/ consci\sness4 ,a man may be   
reg>d$ m]ely z a specim5 ( a c]ta9      
species ( v]tebrates2 or1 9 8 multif>i\s
 relations z a memb] ( a social         
organization4 ,we may /udy him z a liv+ 
be+2 or seek to trace 8 actions & orig9 
9 ages long be=e hi/ory beg9s4 ,h5ce1   
,an?ropology is divid$ into sev]al      
associat$ dep>tm5ts devot$ to !         
exploration ( its v>i$ realms ( rese>*4 
,!y may conv5i5tly be divid$ into f\r1 (
 ne>ly equal importance4 ,an acqua9tance
 ) all ( !m is ess5tial to ! equipm5t ( 

a s\nd an?ropologi/4  ,! fir/ is ! /udy 
( ! physical nature ( man1 8 anatomy1   
physiology & biology1 s f> z ^! be> on !
 di/9ctions ( races1 peoples1 & nations4
 ,psy*ology1 s f> z x is an exp]im5tal &
 inductive sci5ce1 belongs 9 ?is        
dep>tm5t4 ,?is g5]al division has be5   
call$ by ,fr5* writ]s special           
,an?ropology1 & by ! ,g]mans somatic    
,an?ropology2 b we ne$ = x a s+le t]m1 &
 none bett] c\ld be f\nd ?an t sugge/$  
by ! ,g]man expression4 ,i call x1      
!re=e1 ,somatology1 a ^w long           
s9ce1,,tn-#a dome/icat$ 9 ! vocabul>y ( 
,engli% & ,am]ican m$ical sci5ce1 &     
expla9$ 9 ! diction>ies z a disc\rse or 
discussion on ! human body4  ,! second  
division is ,e?nology4 ,?is is1 9 its   
me?ods1 hi/oric & analytic4 ,x          
contemplates man z a social creature4 ,x
 is m conc]n$ ) ! m5tal1 ! psy*ical "p (
 man1 ?an ) 8 physical nature1 & seeks  
to trace ! intellectual developm5t (    
communities by /udy+ ! gr[? ( gov]nm5t1 
laws1 arts1 languages1 religions1 &     

society4  ,! ?ird division1 ,e?nography1
 is geographic & descriptive 9 its plans
 ( rese>*4 ,x /udies ! subdivision &    
migrations ( races1 local traits1       
peculi>ities & cu/oms1 & conf9es itself 
to matt]s ( pres5t obs]vation4  ,f9ally1
 ,ar*ology comes 9 to supply ! mat]ial  
:i* nei!r hi/ory nor pres5t obs]vation c
 furni%4 ,x pries into ! obscurity ( !  
remote/ p]iods ( man's life on e>?1 &   
ga!rs ?\s&s ( facts =gott5 by hi/orians 
& ov]look$ by contempor>ies4 ,(t5 ^!    
unconsid]$ trifles prove ( priceless    
value1 & furni% ! key to ! real life (  
anci5t nations4   ,means ( ,practical   
,in/ruction4  ,an?ropology is n a       
!oretical sci5ce4 ,x is ess5tially      
exp]im5tal & practical1 a sci5ce (      
obs]vation & op]ative proc$ures4 ,x _c  
be le>n$ by m]ely read+ books & att5d+  
lectures4 ,! /ud5t mu/ lit]ally put 8 h&
 to ! "w4  ,= t reason e in/itution =   
tea*+ ,an?ropology mu/ h a ,laboratory  
atta*$ to x2 & 9 t ,laboratory ! be/ "p 
( ! "w w be done4  ,su* a ,laboratory w 

naturally be divid$ into two dep>tm5ts2 
"o devot$ to ! /udy ( ! physical        
*>act]i/ics ( man1 ! o!r to !           
inve/igation ( ! products ( 8 indu/ry4  
,! =m] w be m especially relat$ to !    
bran* ( ,somatology2 ! latt]1 to ^? (   
,e?nology1 ,e?nography1 & ,ar*ology4 ,! 
ef=ts ( ! ,laboratory in/ructors w be   
direct$ to tra9+ ! p]ceptions ( ! /ud5ts
 9 ! requirem5ts ( ?is sci5ce & to giv+ 
!m ! practical k & manual dext]ity      
necess>y to employ its te/s4  ,connect$ 
) ! ,laboratory1 & really =m+ "p ( x1 w 
be a ,museum1 ( su* ext5t z circum/ances
 p]mit4 ,x w include crania &           
o/eological specim5s2 art-products1     
arrang$ bo? e?nologically1 t is1 9 s]ies
 %[+ _! evolution1 & e?nographically1 t 
is1 illu/rat+ ! geographical prov9ces & 
e?nic areas f :i* !y are d]iv$2 &       
ar*ological specim5s typical (          
prehi/oric & proto-hi/oric culture4  ,h&
 9 h& ) ! ,laboratory "w %\ld proce$    
,libr>y ,labor4 ,!re is a /rong t5d5cy 9
 /ud5ts ( sci5ces ( obs]vation to read  

only = imm$iate purposes & on curr5t    
topics4 ,few acqua9t !mselves ) ! hi/ory
 ev5 ( _! own special bran*es2 an       
ignorance :i* (t5 results injuri\sly on 
! effectiv5ess ( _! "w4 ,to correct ?is1
 a s]ies ( tasks 9 ! lit]ature ( !      
sci5ce %\ld regul>ly be assign$4        
,f9ally1 all t has be5 propos$ mu/ be   
supplem5t$ by a c\rse ( ,field-"w1 9 :i*
 ! /ud5t mu/ be tra9$ to apply 8        
acquirem5ts 9 really add+ to ! /ores ( k
 by indep5d5t & unaid$ ex]tion4  ,i d n 
re/ satisfi$ ) pres5t+ ^! g5]al         
/atem5ts4 ,m detail w v prop]ly be dem&$
 by any "o s]i\sly consid]+ ! f\ndation 
( a *air or dep>tm5t 9 ?is bran*4  ,i h 
drawn up1 !re=e1 & app5d1 a s*eme = a   
c\rse or c\rses ( lectures2 a plan =    
laboratory in/ruction2 ano!r = libr>y   
"w2 a sket* ( :at %\ld be done 9 !      
field2 & f9ally1 ,i "n a few ( ! be/    
text-books on ! v>i\s subdivisions ( !  
g5]al sci5ce4  ,i w\ld ask ! p>ticul>   
att5tion ( ^? int]e/$ 9 ?is sci5ce to ! 
classification & nom5clature :i* ,i "h  

pres5t4 ,x is ! result ( a c>eful       
collation ( all ! lead+ ,european writ]s
 on ! subject & ( consultation ) sev]al 
( ! mo/ ?\ghtful 9 ?is c\ntry4  ,!re is1
 un=tunately1 consid]able div]sity 9 !  
arrangem5ts & t]ms adopt$ by diff]5t    
au?ors1 & x is mo/ desirable t a uni=m  
phraseology be adopt$ 9 all c\ntries4 ,t
 :i* ,i (f] aims to be exhau/ive ( !    
sci5ce & to adopt1 :]ev] practicable1 ! 
expressions sanction$ by ! great] numb] 
( di/+ui%$ liv+ au?orities 9 its        
lit]ature4     ,g5]al ,s*eme =          
,in/ruction 9 ,an?ropology4   ,,synopsis
 ,,( ,,lecture ,,c\rse4  ,,pr9cipal     
,,subdivisions4      ,i4                
,somatology4--,physical & ,exp]im5tal   
,an?ropology4     ,,ii4                 
,e?nology4--,hi/oric & ,analytic        
,an?ropology4    ,,iii4                 
,e?nography4--,geographic & ,descriptive
 ,an?ropology4     ,,iv4                
,ar*ology4--,prehi/oric & ,recon/ructive
 ,an?ropology4   ,i4--,somatology4  ,a4 
,int]nal ,somatology4      a4           

,o/eology4--,bones ( ! skeleton1 names1 
=ms1 measures1         proportions1     
peculi>ities1 su* z flatt5$ tibia1      
p]=at$         hum]us1 =m ( pelvis1 os  
calcis1 etc4 ,craniology2               
measurem5ts ( skull & face1 sutures1    
angles1 nasal &         orbital indices1
 d5tition1 artificial de=mations4       
b4 ,myology & ,splan*nology4--,! muscul>
 sy/em & visc]a s         f> z !y conc]n
 racial peculi>ities1 z defici5t calves1
         proportions ( liv] & lungs1    
etc4 ,/eatopygy4  ,b4 ,ext]nal          
,somatology4      ,/ature & ,proportion4
 ,an?ropomometry4 ,te/s = /r5g? &       
endurance4 ,color ( sk91 hair1 & eyes4  
,color scales4 ,%ape         & gr[? (   
hairs4 ,canons ( proportion4 ,physical  
beauty4  ,c4 ,psy*ology4                
,application ( exp]im5tal psy*ology to  
races4 ,comp>ative rates         ( n]v\s
 impulse1 s5sation1 muscul> movem5ts1 & 
m5tal         processes4 ,"r- &         
left-h&$ness4 ,anomal\s bra9 actions4   
,d4 ,developm5tal & ,comp>ative         

,somatology4      ,embryology ( man4    
,doctr9es ( h]$ity & cong5ital          
transmission4 ,t]atology1 or !          
production ( v>ieties &                 
mon/rosities4 ,e?nic & racial anatomy4  
,evolution ( man4         ,comp>ative   
anatomy ( man & an?ropoids4 ,simian &   
lemurian         analogies4 ,fossil     
rema9s ( man4      ,biology ( man4      
,*anges produc$ by nutrition 7food      
supply71         climate1 humidity1     
altitude1 etc4 ,comp>ative physiology & 
pa?ology4 ,m$ical geography4 ,comp>ative
 nosology ( diff]5t         races4      
,crim9al an?ropology4 ,pa?ology ( races4
 ,f]tility &         /]ility ( races4   
,reproduction & /irpiculture4           
,comp>ative         longevity4 ,immunity
 f disease4 ,vital /ati/ics4 ,anatomical
         classifications ( races4       
7,hi/orical review2 pres5t op9ions47    
,,ii4--,e?nology4  ,a4 ,def9itions &    
,me?ods4      ,mean+ ( ,race1 ,p 7e?nos1
 folk71 ,nation1 ,tribe4 ,culture &     
civilization4 ,measures & /ages (       

culture4 ,causes &         conditions ( 
e?nic progress4 ,e?nic aptitudes =      
special         l9es ( progress4 ,e?nic 
psy*ology 7,vlk]psy*ologie74  ,b4       
,sociology4      a4                     
,gov]nm5t4--,primitive =ms4 ,! g5s2 !   
tribe2 !         conf$]acy2 *iefta9%ip2 
mon>*y2 !ocracy2 democracy1 etc4      b4
 ,m>riage4--,!ories ( primitive m>riage2
 promiscuity2         polygamy2 poly&ry2
 monogamy4 ,limitations ( m>riage4 ,=ms 
& rites ( m>riage4 ,laws ( desc5t &     
consangu9ity4 ,social         position (
 woman4 ,gynocracy4      c4             
,laws4--,orig9 ( laws4 ,primitive e?ics4
 ,dualism ( e?ics4         ,evolution ( 
! moral s5se4 ,! ,taboo4 ,blood rev5ge4 
,t5ures         ( l&4 ,classes above    
law4 ,ca/es4 ,privileg$ classes4        
,codifi$         laws4 ,int]national    
laws4  ,c4 ,te*nology4      a4 ,!       
,utilit>ian ,arts4--,manufacture (      
tools1 ut5sils1 weapons1         &      
agricultural1 etc41 implem5ts4          
,ar*itecture & build+4         ,clo?+ & 

fa%ions4 ,means ( transportation by l& &
         wat]4 ,agriculture4            
,dome/ication ( plants & animals4       
,weights1 measures1 & in/rum5ts (       
precision4 ,m$ia (         ex*ange1     
curr5cy1 money1 articles ( b>t] &       
comm]ce4      b4 ,! ,e/hetic            
,arts4--,!ory ( ! s5se ( ! beautiful4   
,decorative designs 9 l9e & color4      
,sk9-pa9t+4 ,tattoo+4         ,sculpture
 & model+4 ,music & musical in/rum5ts4  
,sc5ts         & fl[]s4 ,games &        
fe/ivals4  ,d4 ,religion4      a4       
,psy*ological ,orig9 (                  
,religions4--,pr9ciples & me?od (       
! sci5ce ( religion4 ,p]sonal1 family1 &
 tribal religions4         ,ance/ral    
wor%ip4 ,doctr9es ( animism2 feti*ism2  
poly!ism2         h5o!ism2 mono!ism2    
univ]sal religions4      b4             
,my?ology4--,def9ition & gr[? ( my?s4   
,sol> light &         /orm my?s4        
,creation & deluge my?s4 ,relation (    
my?s to         language4      c4       
,symbolism & ,religi\s ,art4--,relation 

( symbolism to         feti*ism4        
,primitive idols4 ,*>ms & amulets4      
,tok5s4 ,tombs1         temples1 alt>s4 
,sacrifice4 ,symbolism ( colors &       
numb]s4         ,special symbols2 !     
bird2 ! s]p5t2 trees2 ! cross2 !        
sva/ika2 ! circle1 etc4      d4         
,religi\s ,tea*]s & ,doctr9es4--,!      
prie/ly class4         ,%amanism4       
,!ocracies4 ,secret ord]s4 ,initiations4
 ,div9]s4         ,augurs & prophets4   
,doctr9es ( s\l4 ,fatalism4      e4     
,analysis ( ,special                    
,religions4--,egyptian religion2        
,buddhism2         ,judaism2            
,*ri/ianity2 ,mohamm$anism1 etc4  ,e4   
,l+ui/ics4      a4 ,ge/ure & ,sign      
,language4--,examples4 ,plan ( ?\ght 9  
relation to picture writ+4      b4      
,spok5 ,language4--,articulate &        
in>ticulate spee*4 ,imitative           
s\nds4 ,! phonology ( languages4        
,univ]sal alphabets4 ,logical           
relations ( ! p>ts ( spee*4 ,! vocabul>y
 & ! gramm>         ( languages4        

,di/9ctions betwe5 languages & dialects4
 ,mix$         languages & j>gons4      
,relations ( language to e?nography4    
,polyglottic & monoglottic peoples4     
,causes ( *anges 9         language4    
,ext5t & nature ( su* *anges4 ,examples4
         ,classifications ( languages4  
,relative excell5ce ( languages4        
,crit]ia ( sup]iority4 ,rules = !       
sci5tific comp>ison (         languages4
      c4 ,record$ ,language4--,sy/ems ( 
record+ ideas4         ,?\ght-writ+4    
,pictography4 ,symbolic & ideographic   
writ+4         ,examples4 ,s\nd-writ+4  
,evolution ( ! phonetic alphabets4      
,egyptian1 ,cunei=m1 ,*9ese1 ,aztec1 &  
o!r phonetic sy/ems4      d4 ,=ms (     
,expression4--,rhy?mical4 ,orig9 ( met]4
 ,poetry (         primitive peoples4   
,rhy?m & rhyme4 ,*>act]s ( prose4       
,relation ( prose & poetry to national  
language & "*4         ,dramatic4 ,!    
primitive drama & its developm5t4  ,f4  
,folk-lore4      ,def9ition1 nature1 &  
value ( folk-lore4 ,me?ods ( its /udy4  

,relations to hi/ory & "* ( a p4        
,traditional         cu/oms4            
,traditional n>ratives4 ,folk-say+s4    
,sup]/iti\s         beliefs & practices4
   ,,iii4--,e?nography4  ,a4 ,! ,orig9 &
 ,subdivisions ( ,races4      ,!ories ( 
monog5ism & polyg5ism4 ,doctr9e (       
geographical         prov9ces or areas (
 *>act]ization4 ,! cont95tal areas      
at ! date ( man's appe>ance on ! e>?4   
,eurafrica1         ,au/africa1 ,asia1  
,am]ica1 ,oceanica4 ,causes &           
consequ5ces (         ! migrations (    
races & nations4      a4 ,! ,eurafrican 
,race4--,types ( ! :ite race4 ,its fir/ 
home4         ,e>ly migrations4 ,! ,s\? 
,m$it]ranean bran* 7,hamitic &          
,semitic /ocks74 ,! ,nor? ,m$it]ranean  
bran* 7,eusk>ic1         ,aryan1 &      
,caucasic /ocks74      b4 ,! ,au/african
 ,race4--,=m] geography ( ,africa4 ,!   
,negrillos or ,pigmies4 ,! true         
,negroes4 ,! ,negroids4 ,! race         
9 o!r cont95ts4 ,negro slav]y4      c4  
,! ,asian ,race4--,! ,s9itic bran*      

7,*9ese1 ,?ibetans1                     
,indo-,*9ese74 ,! ,sibiric bran* 7!     
,tungusic1 ,mongolic1         ,tat>ic1  
,f9nic1 ,arctic1 & ,japanese gr\ps74    
d4 ,! ,am]ican ,race4--,peopl+ (        
,am]ica4 ,gr\ps ( ,nor? &         ,s\?  
,am]ican tribes4      e4 ,insul> &      
,litoral ,peoples4--,! ,negritic /ock   
7,negritos1         ,papuans1           
,melanesians74 ,! ,malayic /ock 7,we/]n 
,malayans1         ,ea/]n1 or           
,polynesians74 ,! ,au/ralic /ock        
7,au/ralian         tribes2 ,dravidians 
& ,kols1 ( ,india74   ,,iv4--,ar*ology4 
,a4 ,g5]al ,ar*ology4      a4 ,geology (
 ! epo* ( man4 ,late t]ti>y & quat]n>y  
p]iods4 ,glacial ph5om5a4 ,riv] drift4  
,diluvial & alluvial         deposits4  
,physical geography ( ! quat]n>y4       
,prehi/oric         botany & zology4    
b4 ,prehi/oric ,ages4--,! ,age ( ,/one  
7*ipp$ /one1 or         paloli?ic p]iod2
 poli%$ /one1 or neoli?ic p]iod74 ,!    
,age ( ,bronze4 ,! ,age ( ,iron4 ,epo*s1
 /ations1 & examples4         ,me?ods ( 

/udy ( /one & bone implem5ts1 pott]y1 & 
o!r anci5t rema9s4 ,indications (       
prehi/oric comm]ce4                     
,pale?nology4 ,proto-hi/oric epo*4  ,b4 
,special ,ar*ology4      ,egyptian1     
,assyrian1 ,ph5ician1 ,classical1 &     
,m$ieval ,ar*ology4      ,ar*ology ( !  
v>i\s areas 9 ,am]ica4 ,art 9 /one1     
bone1         %ell1 wood1 clay1 pap]1   
etc41 9 ^! areas4   ,,laboratory ,,"w4  
,a4 ,physical ,laboratory4      ,comp>+ 
& id5tify+ bones4 ,measur+ skulls4      
,dissections (         an?ropoids &     
human subjects4 ,exam9ation ( bra9s4    
,/udy (         embryology & t]atology4 
,practical /udy ( ! hair1 sk91          
nails1 etc41 ( diff]5t races4 ,use (    
color scales1 etc4         ,practice 9  
an?ropomometry1 ) ! necess>y in/rum5ts4 
,te/+ = s5se p]ceptions4  ,b4           
,te*nological ,laboratory4      ,/udy ( 
/one implem5ts2 simple & comp\nd2 r\gh &
 poli%$2         prim>y & second>y      
*ipp+2 cleavage2 fir+2 bulb (           
p]cussion2 m9]alogy ( implem5ts2 pat9e1 

etc4 ,bone         implem5ts4      ,/udy
 ( metal implem5ts4 ,hamm]+1 smelt+1    
ca/+4 ,results (         exposure4      
,analysis ( alloys4 ,co9s1 etc4 ,/udy ( 
pott]y4         ,pa/es2 burn+2 glaz+2   
=ms2 decorative designs2 pa9t+         &
 color+4      ,textile mat]ials2 anci5t 
clo? & basket "w2 fea!r "w4      ,me?ods
 ( mak+ ca/s & models2 tak+ squeezes1   
rubb+s1         copies1 & photographs4  
,draw+1 %ad+1 & color+                  
e?nographic *>ts4      ,practice 9      
pres]v+1 m\nt+1 arrang+1 & classify+    
specim5s4 ,te/s = ! detection ( frauds4 
,incru/ations1         d5drites1 etc4   
,practice 9 r$uc+ unkn[n tongues to     
writ+1         by ! e>4 ,practice 9 !   
repetition ( unfamili> phonetic         
elem5ts4 ,/udy ( ! actions ( ! l+ual    
muscles 9 !         production ( s\nds4 
,,libr>y ,,"w4  ,rese>*es 9 ! hi/ory (  
an?ropology4  ,mak+ li/s ( works &      
articles on special subjects1 ) brief   
ab/racts4  ,notes ( ! proce$+s (        
an?ropological societies & ! cont5ts (  

j\rnals4  ,pres5tation ( ! !ories (     
p>ticul> writ]s on ! sci5ce4            
,famili>ize ! /ud5t ) ! pa/ & pres5t    
lit]ature ( 8 bran*4   ,,field ,,"w4    
,me?ods ( survey+1 photograph+1 & plott+
 anci5t rema9s4  ,plans = tak+          
field-notes4  ,in/ruction 9 ! prop]     
me?ods ( op5+ m\nds1 %ell heaps1 etc41 &
 9 excavat+ rock-%elt]s & cav]ns4 ,!    
pres]v+ & pack+ ( specim5s4  ,/udy (    
quat]n>y geology2 alluvial deposits2    
riv] t]races2 glacial scrat*es2 mora9es2
 riv] drift2 loess2 elevation &         
subsid5ce4  ,! collection ( languages & 
dialects2 ( folk-lore1 & local          
peculi>ities4   ,,text-,,books4  ,z !   
plan ( /udy "h propos$ is l>gely t :i*  
,i h pursu$ & develop$ 9 my own lectures
 & publi%$ works on ! subject1 ,i may be
 p]mitt$ to ins]t ! foll[+ li/ ( ^!3--  
,an?ropology & ,e?nology4 #dto1 pp4     
#ahd4 ,9 ,vol4 ,i ( !      ,iconographic
 ,encyclopdia 7,philadelphia1 #ahhf74   
,prehi/oric ,ar*ology4 #dto1 pp4 #aaf4  
,9 ,vol4 ,,ii ( !      ,iconographic    

,encyclopdia 7,philadelphia1 #ahhf74    
,races & ,peoples2 ,lectures on !       
,sci5ce ( ,e?nography4 #hvo1      pp4   
#cac 7,n4 ,d4 ,c4 ,hodges1 ,new ,york1  
#ahij74       ,! ,am]ican ,race2 a      
,l+ui/ic ,classification & ,e?nographic 
,description ( ! ,native ,tribes ( ,nor?
 & ,s\? ,am]ica4 #hvo1      pp4 #cib    
7,n4 ,d4 ,c4 ,hodges1 ,new ,york1       
#ahia74  ,9 addition to ^! ,i w\ld "n ! 
foll[+ z among ! be/ works = ! /ud5t (  
?is bran*3--       ,an?ropologis*e      
,me?od54 ,by ,dr4 ,emil ,s*midt         
7,leipzig1 #ahhh74       ,elm5ts        
d',an?ropologie ,gnrale4 ,by ,dr4 ,paul 
,top9>d 7,p>is74      ,also ,l',homme   
dans la ,nature 7,p>is1 #ahia71 by !    
same au?or4       ,prcis                
d',an?ropologie4 ,by ,hovelacque & ,h]v 
7,p>is74       ,allgeme9e ,e?nographie4 
,by ,fri$]i* ,mll]4       ,die          
,urges*i*te des ,m5s*54 ,by ,moritz     
,ho]nes 7,leipzig1 #ahia74       ,la    
,prhi/orique ,antiquit de l',homme4 ,by 
,g4 de ,mortillet      7,p>is74         

,an?ropology4 ,by ,dr4 ,tylor 7,new     
,york74       ,elem5ts,,tn-#b de        
,sociologie4 ,by ,*4 ,let\rneau 7,p>is74
  ,to ?is li/ ,i add ! names ( "s o!rs (
 ! di/+ui%$ =eign liv+ writ]s on v>i\s  
dep>tm5ts ( ,an?ropology3--       ,9    
,france3 ,b]tr&1 ,collignon1 ,let\rneau1
 de ,nadaillac4 ,9      ,engl&3 ,buckl&1
 ,fl[]1 ,gallon1 ,m4 ,mll]4 ,9 ,g]many3 
,&ree1      ,ba/ian1 ,mey]1 ,f4 ,mll]1  
,ranke1 ,s*aafhaus51 ,/e9?al1 ,vir*[1   
,ratzel1 ,g]l&4 ,9 ,italy3 ,giglioli1   
,mantegazza4  ,x is highly likely t _m  
modifications & improvem5ts on ?is s*eme
 w sugge/ !mselves to in/ructors2 b ,i  
may say = x t x is ! c>efully consid]$  
result ( a comp>ison ( ! me?ods employ$ 
9 ! ,european s*ools1 comb9$ ) a p]sonal
 exp]i5ce ( "s ye>s 9 ! pres5tation ( ! 
topics to classes4  ,( c\rse1 ! am\nt ( 
att5tion :i* w be giv5 to ! sep>ate     
divisions ( ! subject w dep5d on !      
position :i* ! bran* occupies 9 !       
/ud5t's plan ( /udies--:e!r a major or a
 m9or4 ,if ! latt]1 he %\ld att5d a     

c\rse ( ?irty or =ty lectures ab\t      
equally divid$ betwe5 ! f\r head+s "u   
:i* ! sci5ce is "h pres5t$1 & %\ld give 
d\ble z _m h\rs to laboratory "w4  ,?is 
is ! m9imum :i* w\ld give him any       
adequate notion ( ! sci5ce4 ,if1 on !   
o!r h&1 x be tak5 z a major1 or pr9cipal
 subject1 ! great] "p ( 8 "t = two or   
?ree ye>s w be fully occupi$ 9 prep>+   
himself = indep5d5t "w1 or = !          
in/ruction ( o!rs4            99      99
      99      99      99                
,transcrib]'s note3  ,! foll[+ misspell+
 & typographical error 7 n correct$3    
,page   ,error   ,,tn-#a   #f    s9ce1  
%\ld read s9ce   ,,tn-#b  #ad           
,elem5ts %\ld read ,elm5ts