,hi/orical ,lit]ature 9 ,agriculture 7,,*la71 ,cornell ,univ]sity7 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,transcrib]'s ,note ,a qu9cunx is a geometric patt]n consi/+ ( five po9ts1 f\r ( !m =m+ a squ>e or rectangle & a fif? at its c5t]4 ,x =ms ! arrangem5t ( five units 9 ! patt]n correspond+ to ! five-spot on dice1 play+ c>ds1 or dom9oes4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,,h&books ,,( ,,practical ,,g>d5+--,,xi ,,edit$ ,,by ,,h>ry ,,rob]ts ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,pe>s ,,& ,,plums ,illu/ration3 ,,pe> ,,blossom ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,pe>s ,,& ,,plums ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,e4 ,,b>trum1 ,d4,d41 ,f4,r4,h4,s4 ,,rector ,,( ,,wakes ,,colne1 ,,essex ,,editor ,,( ,,helpful ,,h9ts ,,= ,,h>d ,,times1 ,,etc4 ,,) ,,*apt]s ,,on ,,*]ries ,,& ,,mulb]ries ,,john ,,lane3 ,,! ,,bodley ,,head ,,london ,,& ,,new ,,york4 ,,mcmiii ,pr9t$ by ,turnbull ,spe>s1 ,ed9burgh ,,introduction ,i h gr[n pe>s1 plums1 *]ries & mulb]ries = _m ye>s1 & h writt5 _m articles ab\t ! fir/ two fruits2 yet1 9 prep>+ ?is "w1 ,i f\nd t ,i _h /ill mu* to le>n1 & ,i wi% p>ticul>ly to express my obligations to ! new edition ( ,?ompson's ,g>d5]'s ,assi/ant1 edit$ 9 six volumes by ,mr ,watson1 ,assi/ant ,curator ( ! ,royal ,g>d5s1 ,kew1 & br\ght out by ! ,gre%am ,publi%+ ,company4 ,i h also d]iv$ valuable aid f ! volumes ( ! ,royal ,horticultural ,society4 ,! *apt] on *]ries is bas$ *iefly on ! booklet contribut$ by ,mr ,g4 ,buny>d to my ,helpful ,h9ts = ,h>d ,times publi%$ by ! ,s4,p4,c4,k4 ,e4 ,b4 ,,wakes ,,colne ,,rectory1 ,,essex1 ,july #aijb4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,introduction vii ,,pe>s-- ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,pe> #a ,,situation ,,& ,,soil #c ,,protection #e ,,plant+ #e ,,/ak+ ,,& ,,wir+ #g ,,/ocks ,,= ,,pe>s #h ,,or*>d ,,trees #aj ,,pyramids #ab ,,column> ,,trees #ad ,,espali]s #ae ,,horizontals ,,on ,,walls #ae ,,fan-,,%ap$ ,,trees #af ,,bu%es #af ,,cordons #bj ,,ar*es #ba ,,prices ,,( ,,trees #bb ,,g>d5 ,,or*>ds #bb ,,manures #bc ,,pe>s ,,= ,a ,,private ,,g>d5 #bd ,,exhibition ,,pe>s #bd ,,cook+ ,,pe>s ,,= ,,exhibition #bf ,,pe>s ,,= ,,appe>ance #bg ,,pe>s ,,= ,,quality #bg ,,cook+ ,,pe>s #bh ,,e>ly ,,pe>s #bh ,,late ,,pe>s #bi ,,pe>s ,,= ,,cottag]s ,,& ,,small ,,f>m]s #bi ,,synonyms #cj ,,pe>s ,,= ,,p]ry #cb ,,ga!r+ ,,& ,,/or+ #cb ,,protection ,,( ,,fruit #cc ,,w9t] ,,& ,,spr+ ,,wa%es #cd ,,insect ,,enemies #cg ,,?9n+ ,,fruit #dc ,,summ]1 ,,w9t]1 ,,bran* ,,& ,,root ,,prun+2 ,,lift+ #dc ,,m>ket+ ,,& ,,pack+ #dd ,,pe>s ,,9 ,,an ,,unheat$ ,,or*>d ,,h\se #df ,,old ,,/&>ds #ea ,,irrigation #ea ,,labels #ea ,,am]ican ,,pe>s #ea ,,notes ,,on ,,v>ieties #eb ,,receipts #ed ,,plums-- ,,:at ,,is ,,! ,,f9e/ ,,fruit8 #eh ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,plum #eh ,,soil ,,& ,,situation #eh ,,propagation ,,& ,,/ocks #fa ,,plant+ #fb ,,:at ,,is ,,y\r ,,object8 #fb ,,plums ,,= ,a ,,private ,,g>d5 #fc ,,prun+ ,,& ,,tra9+ #ff ,,manures #fh ,,?9n+ #fi ,,gages #fi ,,m>ket ,,plums #gj ,,ga!r+1 ,,pack+1 ,,m>ket+ #gb ,,/or+ ,,& ,,keep+ #gd ,,insect ,,enemies #ge ,,or*>d ,,h\se #gg ,,damsons #gh ,,bullaces #gh ,,important ,,po9ts #gh ,,dry+ ,,by ,,evaporation #gh ,,bottl+ #gi ,,plum ,,jelly #hb ,,*]ries-- ,,keep+ ,,fruit1 ,,suitable ,,soil1 ,,aspect1 ,,sorts ,,recomm5d$ ,,by ,r4,h4,s4 ,,& ,,mr ,,buny>d ,,= ,,eat+1 ,,cook+ ,,& ,,m>ket1 ,,protection1 ,,prun+1 ,,tra9+1 ,,*]ries ,,on ,,walls1 ,,insect ,,attacks1 ,,di/ances1 ,,manures1 ,,m>ket+1 ,,d]ivation ,,( ,,! ,,^w #hc-hh ,,! ,,mulb]ry ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,^w1 ,,soil1 ,,situation1 ,,aspect1 ,,%ape1 ,,culture1 ,,prun+1 ,,trees ,,9 ,,pots1 ,,use ,,( ,,fruit #hi-ia ,,app5dix ,,! ,,propagation ,,( ,,! ,,pe> #ib ,,illu/rations ,,page ,,pe> ,,blossom 7f a draw+ by ,e!l ,roskruge7 ,frontispiece ,,b]gamotte ,,esp]5 ,,on ,,wall #ag ,,pe>--,,m>,,*al ,,de ,,la ,,c\r #be ,,pe>--,,m>gu]ite ,,m>illat #bg ,,pe>--,,beurr ,,diel #ca ,,fan-,,%ap$ ,,pe> ,,tree1 ,,"o ,,ye> ,,aft] ,,graft+1 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,l5g? ,,( ,,result+ ,,%oots #da ,,espali] ,,tra9$ ,,tree ,,cut ,,back ,,= ,,graft+--,,! ,,grafts ,,ins]t$ ,,& ,,clay$ ,,ov] #di ,,plum--,,riv]s' ,,e>ly ,,prolific #fd ,,plum--,,cz> #fd ,a ,,*]ry ,,or*>d #he ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,pe>s ,,& ,,plums ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,pe> ,! ,pe> is my !me1 & a pleasant "o x is4 ,only ^? :o h plant$ trees1 prun$ !m1 wat*$ _! gr[?1 pluck$ ! fruits1 enjoy$ !m at almo/ all h\rs1 se5 !m on ! table mon? aft] mon? z an appetis+ di%1 c fully realise ! value ( ! ,pe>4 ,a good ,pe>-tree is l a fai?ful fri5d--treat him prop]ly & he w n fail y4 ,circum/ances1 z = in/ance1 a late fro/1 may r5d] him incapable ( help+ y2 he may h no?+ to (f] y2 no d\bt he is sorry1 b ) pati5ce he w d y a good turn4 ,pyrus 7or pirus71 ! ,lat9 "n = ,pe>-tree1 is ! "n ( a g5us ( plants belong+ to ! natural ord] ,rosace4 ,pyrus communis1 ! wild pe>1 f :i* ! num]\s cultivat$ v>ieties h sprung1 is f\nd ov] a great "p ( ,europe & ,asia1 )9 ! limits ( ! temp]ate regions4 ,its orig9 is lo/ 9 obscurity4 ,! lake-dwell]s 9 ,switz]l& are said to h /or$ ! fruits = w9t] use4 ,x 0 probably br\ght by ! ,greeks1 possibly by birds1 f ,asia1 & aft] a "t became a fav\rite ) ! ,romans z well z ! ,greeks4 ,x is m5tion$ by ,horace1 ,v]gil1 ,juv5al1 & o!rs4 ,pl9y ref]s to num]\s v>ieties1 describ+ ^? ) special flav\rs4 ,he tells u t _m ( ! sorts 7 call$ aft] ! c\ntries f :i* !y came1 su* z ! ,syrian1 ! ,alex&rian1 ! ,numidian1 & ! ,grecian4 ,?us he m5tions pira n>d9a1 a pe> ) ! sc5t ( n>d2 pira onyn*9a1 a pe> ( ! col\r ( ! f+]nail1 & o!rs4 ,^! la/ are evid5tly ,greek4 ,=ty or fifty sorts are nam$ 9 ,roman writ]s1 & ! ,pe> 0 appropriately d$icat$ to ,m9]va1 ! goddess ( wisdom4 ,! ,romans no d\bt took _! pe>-trees nor?w>ds into ,gaul & ,brita94 ,! climate ( ,france is s well adapt$ to ! gr[? ( pe>s1 t at "o "t x 0 ?\ght all good pe>s mu/ come f ,france4 ,i well rememb] _m ye>s ago see+ a g>d5 9 ?is c\ntry full ( pe>-trees1 e "o ( :i* _h come f ,france4 ,happily !re is no ne$ n[ to g out ( ,engl& = ! v be/ v>ieties4 ,a li/ publi%$ 9 #afbh by a fruit-gr[] ( ,orleans nam$ ,le ,lecti] 7!re is a new v>iety call$ by 8 "n1 & probably aft] him7 enum]ates #bfj v>ieties4 ,! well kn[n ,j>gonelle is m5tion$ 9 t li/4 ,our ,p>k9son 9 #afbi ref]s to #fd v>ieties only4 ,sev5ty ye>s lat] we read ( #ach1 & 9 #ahbi ( #fcj v>ieties4 ,john ,scott1 r fam\s z a fruit-gr[] =ty ye>s ago1 says 9 8 ,or*>di/ t he has above #ajjj sorts work$ ^u ! ,qu9ce ,/ock4 ,he _h /udi$ pomology at ! ,j>d9 ,fruiti]1 ! fruit g>d5 atta*$ to ! ,j>d9 des ,plantes at ,p>is1 &1 us+ 8 opportunities1 le>nt all ! secrets ( ,pe> culture1 & br\ght !m f ,france to ,m]riott1 ne> ,crewk]ne1 9 ,som]set4 ,! la/ edition ( ,dr ,hogg's ,fruit ,manual 7invaluable to ! ,pomologi/71 publi%$ 9 #ahhd1 conta9s ! names ( #fdg v>ieties4 ,n a few ( ^! 7 m>k$ z wor?less by ! ,committee ( ! ,national ,pe> ,conf]5ce1 held at ,*iswick 9 ,octob] #ahhe4 ,! ,royal ,horticultural ,society 9 _! ,fruits = ,cottag]s & ,small ,f>m]s 7#ahib71 select$ eight v>ieties only = eat+1 & two m = late keep]s2 f\r 7 recomm5d$ = cook+ or /ew+4 ,fre% sorts are con/antly be+ br\ght into notice1 ! result ( cross-f]tilisation1 & we may1 ,i ?9k1 congratulate ourselves t ,briti% pe>s 9 a fav\rable season are z good z ^? produc$ 9 any "p ( ! _w4 ,let any "o :o d\bts ?is /atem5t att5d a ,cry/al ,palace or any o!r fir/-rate ,fruit ,%[2 8 d\bts w soon be dispell$4 ,,situation ,,& ,,soil ,^! two po9ts are ( ! greate/ importance 9 successful cultivation4 ,no am\nt ( skill w enable ev5 a clev] g>d5] to gr[ good fruit 9 a bad site4 ,:]e ! l& is l[ & swampy1 expos$ !re=e to fro/s m ?an gr\nd at a high] altitude1 ! ef=t w\ld be useless4 ,/agnant wat] moreov] produces cank]1 & soon ru9s trees4 ,pe>s love a deep moi/ soil1 b n wat] t lies = any l5g? ( "t ab\t ! roots4 ,on a hillside1 :]e ! slope is m ?an gradual1 s t 9 a dry season ! upp] "p suff]s f dr\ght1 !y w\ld be a failure4 ,trees plant$ ne> ! bottom & prop]ly protect$ f w9ds might succe$1 yet !y w\ld probably suff] f fro/4 ,! slope %\ld n be m ?an two to ?ree feet 9 a hundr$4 ,! aspect %\ld be s\?1 s\?-ea/ or s\?-we/4 ,! ,pe> is ( ,ea/]n orig91 & probably reta9s its ,ea/]n habit 9 bloom+ e>ly "s "t be=e ! apple4 ,x ne$s m w>m?1 & m protection4 ,to plant pe>s 9 a nor? aspect ev5 on a wall is a mi/ake4 ,morello *]ries are a sure crop1 pe>s a v d\btful "o4 ,! wood is n well rip5$1 & bloom-buds are n (t5 =m$4 ,! am\nt ( ra9fall is also a matt] = consid]ation4 ,if ! soil is light1 m moi/ure w be ne$$ ?an 9 heavi] l&4 ,heavy clays are n good = pe>s1 yet mu* may be done to improve su* soils1 & "s outlay may be desirable 9 g>d5s & small plantations4 ,good dra9age w be necess>y4 ,! gr\nd be=e plant+ mu/ be well lift$ & expos$ to ! air2 "s portions %\ld be burnt & mix$ ) ! re/2 decay$ vegetable matt] %\ld be add$ 9 abundance4 ,aft] plant+1 :5 ! trees are root$ & gr[+1 ! soil %\ld be (t5 lift$ ) a light =k1 or ho$1 & ! air admitt$ to ! roots4 ,a clayey loam is ! be/ ( all soils = ! ,pe>1 yet ev5 t may be mu* improv$ by exposure be=e plant+1 & ! use ( ! =k or hoe aft]w>ds4 ,9 s&y or *alky soils1 pe>s w h a poor *ance ev5 on ! free 7or pe>7 /ock1 unless ! gr\nd has be5 previ\sly prep>$ by tr5*+1 & !n digg+ 9 a good quantity ( decay$ /able or f>my>d manure4 ,m>l or clay f o!r p>ts1 or turf 7*opp$ up7 f a field1 may be add$ ) advantage4 ,g5]\s treatm5t subsequ5tly 9 ! way ( liquid manure w alone make trees 9 su* gr\nd a success4 ,%\ld1 h[ev]1 ! soil be %all[ & ! subsoil gravel or *alk1 trees mu/ be lift$ e few ye>s1 & ! exp5se 9 a l>ge g>d5 might be consid]able4 ,! monks 9 old5 days 7 wont to put slates or l>ge /ones bel[ _! trees be=e plant+1 to prev5t ! tap-root runn+ into bad soil4 ,9 mod]n g>d5s a concrete bottom two or ?ree in*es ?ick1 slop+ t[>ds a dra9 9 front1 is sometimes made4 ,me?ods mu/ dep5d on soil & means4 ,a concrete bottom is bett] ?an a /ratum ( /ones or brick rubbi%4 ,p]sons cont5t ) a few small trees may lift !m frequ5tly or root-prune annually1 9 :i* case no special precautions are requir$4 ,,protection ,z ! ,pe> ne$s sun%9e & w>m? z well z moi/ure1 x mu/ h protection f cold w9ds4 ,walls & build+s are n always to be _h4 ,black ,italian or ,canadian popl>s well plant$ & r close toge!r soon =m a good %elt]2 limes 7invaluable = bees7 quickly make a good f5ce if enc\rag$ to ?r[ %oots f ! l[] "p ( ! tree & closely cut 94 ,h$ges ( damsons or ! myrobalan 7! *]ry plum7 s]ve z %elt]s f ! w9d & gr[ rapidly4 ,?is *]ry plum blooms e>ly1 & its fl[] is (t5 cut (f2 o!rwise its fruit 7ripe 9 ,augu/7 is useful = t>ts4 ,protection is ne$$ on ! s\?-we/ aga9/ ! w9ds z well z on ! nor?-ea/4 ,! l>g] trees %\ld be plac$ at "s di/ance t _! roots may n absorb ! n\ri%m5t ne$$ 9 ! fruit g>d54 ,,plant+ seems a simple subject1 yet ! diff]5ce betwe5 good & bad "w may make ! diff]5ce betwe5 success & failure4 ,prop] plant+ is ( vital importance4 ,! gr\nd %\ld be prep>$ be=eh&4 ,if x is wet1 & ! wat] does n readily pass (f1 dra9age is ess5tial4 ,! dep? ( ! dra9s mu/ dep5d on ! outfall4 ,if !y c be sunk ?ree or ev5 f\r feet bel[ ! surface1 !y are less expos$ to dang] f deep tr5*+ or ! roots above !m4 ,! dra9s %\ld be ab\t five y>ds ap>t4 ,! soil %\ld !n be well tr5*$ & expos$ ?or\ghly to ! action ( ! atmosph]e4 ,b bew>e ( op5+ holes "s "t be=eh&4 ,%\ld ra9 come1 ! holes w be fill$1 & if ! soil is heavy1 may rema9 !re = "s "t4 ,ab/a91 too1 f plant+ 9 wet wea!r4 ,if ! gr\nd is /icky1 ! roots w n h free play4 ,%\ld ! soil be light1 well-decay$ manure may be dug 91 especially if x has be5 well mix$ "s "t be=eh& ) turfy or good loam4 ,9 /rong soil1 no manure is ne$$4 ,:5 ! trees arrive1 d n unpack !m until y are ready to plant4 ,exposure ( ! roots to ! air %\ld be avoid$ z mu* z possible4 ,if delay occurs f ra91 fro/1 or any o!r cause1 put ! roots 9 ! gr\nd1 lay+ ! trees 9 a slant+ position 9 a tr5*1 & cov]+ ! roots ?or\ghly ) soil4 ,*oose1 too1 a %elt]$ position 9 ! g>d5 = ! tr5*4 ,%\ld ! gr\nd be h>d f fro/1 d n unpack ! trees2 keep !m "u cov]1 & protect !m z f> z possible f cold & fro/4 ,:5 ! gr\nd is fit & ! wea!r fav\rable1 op5 ! e>? #b to #c feet across at a dep? ( #ab to #ah in*es accord+ to ! class & size ( ! tree & roots4 ,c>efully exam9e ! roots4 ,cut (f ! po9ts ( any jagg$ or torn roots cleanly ) a %>p knife1 & %ort5 all d[nw>d & co>se roots4 ,cut on ! "u side1 & t[>ds ! outside1 s t ! tree may lie flat4 ,avoid any injury to ! rootlets4 ,! aid ( a lad w be useful to hold ! tree 9 its place :ile ! g>d5] is plant+4 ,spread ! roots & rootlets c>efully out ) an upw>d r ?an a d[nw>d t5d5cy4 ,!n scatt] f9e soil amid !m1 %ak+ ! trees occasionally1 add+ m soil until x /&s erect4 ,n[ tread 9 ! soil firmly1 & fill up ! hole ) fre% soil1 rais+ ! e>? sev]al in*es above ! ord9>y level4 ,! soil w s9k aft] a "t1 & occasionally m soil may be add$ subsequ5tly4 ,b deep plant+ %\ld always be avoid$4 ,) pe>s on ! ,qu9ce1 x is important t all ! qu9ce /ock %\ld be cov]$ by ! soil1 z x suff]s 9 dry wea!r if expos$1 & ! fruit w\ld !re=e be affect$4 ,all buds on ?is /ock %\ld on ?is acc\nt be ins]t$ z ne> ! gr\nd z possible4 ,%\ld ! soil be v heavy1 yet pe>s mu/ be plant$1 place ! roots almo/ on ! surface1 & ?r[ ! lighte/ e>? obta9able r\nd ! /em4 ,if su* gr\nd is trodd5 d[n h>d1 & ra9 %\ld soon foll[1 ! gr\nd w\ld probably become l a brick1 & ! roots1 kept 9 *eck1 w\ld suff] s]i\sly4 ,! be/ "t = plant+ is t[>ds ! close ( ,octob] & 9 ,novemb]4 ,select y\r trees y\rself1 & g only to fir/ rate nurs]ym5 = pe>s if y want v>ieties on ! ,qu9ce /ock4 ,ea* nurs]y has its specialty4 ,budd+1 graft+ & d\ble-graft+ on special /ocks d n always h ! att5tion & skill requir$4 ,if y _c g1 s5d y\r ord]s e>ly1 s z to secure an e>ly *oice & good trees4 ,plant+ may cont9ue to ! end ( ,febru>y1 b y mu/ n expect good trees = late ord]s4 ,! roots1 too1 make "s progress ev5 9 w9t]1 s t e>ly plant+ is pref]able 9 e way4 ,,/ak+ ,,& ,,wir+ ,/&>ds %\ld be atta*$ to a r\nd1 /rong1 /\t /ake #b- in*es ?ick or m1 z soon z plant$4 ,! be/ plan is to h ! /ake 9 position ready = ! tree4 ,= full siz$ /&>ds1 ! /akes %\ld be #g to #h feet long1 & driv5 #ah in*es or m into ! gr\nd2 !y %\ld be 9 ! c5tre ( ea* hole4 ,*oose durable wood1 z f> z possible4 ,a /raw or hay b&1 or a piece ( bagg+1 %\ld n[ be run r\nd ! /em1 & ! /ake atta*$ to x by ?ick /r+ or cord well t>r$4 ,! twigs ( ! will[ 7s(t & /rong1 especially ! gold5 will[7 may also be us$4 ,protection aga9/ rabbits mu/ be provid$ at once4 ,a wire f5ce r\nd ! or*>d or g>d5 is be/2 :]e !re is no f5ce1 put a y>d ( wire nett+ 7#a- me%7 r\nd ea* tree4 ,?is w la/ = ye>s4 ,! wire %\ld be #c feet high at ! lea/4 ,exam9e y\r f5ce e ye> 9 ,septemb] & repair4 ,y _c be too p>ticul>4 ,s]i\s damage may be done 9 a night4 ,,/ocks ,,= ,,pe>s ,! discov]y ( ! ,qu9ce ,/ock1 z adapt$ to ! ,pe> = budd+ or graft+ ^u1 has add$ imm5sely ( late ye>s to ! popul>ity ( ?is valuable fruit4 ,! discov]y1 x is true1 is n a new "o4 ,m]let1 writ+ 9 #affg 7says ,mr ,scott71 recomm5ds ! ,portugal ,qu9ce z /rong] & m fav\rable = work+ pe>s ^u ?an any o!r v>iety3 ,x swells equally fa/ ) ! graft1 :i* none ( ! o!r sorts d4 ,le ,g5dre1 an au?or ( ab\t ! same date1 9 ,le ,manire de cultiv] les arbres ,fruti]s1 says3 ,i h be5 mu* aid$ by ! inv5tion ( graft+ ! ,pe> ^u ! ,qu9ce1 & adds t he 0 "o ( ! fir/ :o help$ to introduce ?is me?od4 ,by ?is discov]y ! well-kn[n say+3 ,plant pe>s = y\r heirs1 mu/ give way to ano!r3-- ,t ^? :o plant pe>s ,gr[ fruit = _! heirs ,is a maxim our gr&fa!rs knew2 ,b folks h le>nt s9ce1 ,if y graft on ! qu9ce ,! fruit w develop = y4#a ,?is /ock *ecks excessive gr[?1 & br+s ! tree into e>ly be>+4 ,x is n adapt$ = l>ge /&>ds nor = light soil2 9 good pe> gr\nd x is simply invaluable4 ,sometimes poor results occur1 b ! failure is usually caus$ by ! want ( prop] c>e1 ei!r at ! nurs]y or 9 ! g>d54 ,"y trees are (t5 ov]work$4 ,"s v>ieties w n ?rive on ! qu9ce /ock1 s t d\ble-graft+ has be5 introduc$4 ,?us ! /rong-gr[+ ,beurr d',amanlis is graft$ on ! qu9ce1 !n two ye>s aft] "s o!r sort is graft$ on x4 ,x is said t 9 ?is way ,gansel's ,b]gamot is made a m>vel ( f]tility1#b b ?is is n my exp]i5ce6 ,! disappo9t+ pe> ,m>ie ,l\ise is usually d\ble-graft$1 s is t excell5t late pe> ,joseph9e de ,mal9es = cordons1 bu%es1 or pyramids1 & s are _m o!rs4 ,/rong-gr[+ v>ieties l ,vic> ( ,w9kfield1 ,beurr ,h>dy1 ,beurr ,clairgeau1 ,m>ie ,l\ise d',uccle1 & o!rs1 are us$ z int]m$iate /ocks4 ,to *eck ! vigor\s ,pitma/on ,du*ess1 ! weakly ,w9t] ,nelis is employ$ z an int]m$i>y4 ,our *ief nurs]ym5 are /udy+ ! habits ( ea* pe> :i* ne$s d\ble graft+1 & failure is r>e on _! "p4 ,fruits gr[n on ! ,qu9ce ,/ock are (t5 m highly col\r$1 & n s co>se z su* z are on ! ,pe> ,/ock4 ,^? :o h a good pe> soil !n %\ld plant no tree on ! ,pe> ,/ock1 except 9 an or*>d4 ,! v>ieties usually employ$ are ! ,portugal1 ! ,ang]s1 & ! common ,qu9ce4 ,! ,ang]s be+ compact1 prolific1 & easily increas$1 is said to be ! fav\rite4#c ,9 "s soils ,pe> ,/ocks mu/ be us$4 ,! ,qu9ce w\ld n ?rive2 x is n /rong en\gh4 ,! latt] is surface root+1 x emits m fibres1 & does n rejoice 9 ! tap-root ( ! ,pe> ,/ock4 ,b = light & unfav\rable soils1 & also = l>ge /&>ds1 ! ,pe> ,/ock alone w suffice4 ,?is is (t5 call$ ! ,free ,/ock1 z comp>$ ) ! dw>f+ ,qu9ce4 ,9 =m] ye>s ! se$s ( ! wild pe> 7 us$ to raise new /ocks1 b at ! pres5t "t pe> se$l+s are s5t f ,france to ,engl& & ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 l>ge quantities4 ,our c\s9s1 h[ev]1 are ex]t+ !mselves e>ne/ly to improve ! pe>1 & ) _! en]gy & v>iety ( climate1 w n long be dep5d5t ^u ,france4 ,,or*>d ,,trees ,9 good soil & a fav\rable1 well-%elt]$ aspect1 /&>d trees on ! pe> /ock may be a success if plant]s & own]s c we> ! cap ( pati5ce = eight to t5 ye>s4 ,%\ld x be probable t cattle w use ! gr\nd1 a /rong & la/+ f5ce mu/ be put r\nd ea* tree1 z ?orns encircl+ !m w n suffice4 ,iron f5ces made = ! purpose1 ) wire nett+ add$ at ! top1 may be ! *eape/ 9 ! end4 ,o!rwise1 put ?ree po/s 7l>* or oak7 to =m a triangle r\nd ! tree4 ,^! %\ld be well *>r$ or t>r$ at "s di/ance f ! l[] end be=e be+ firmly driv5 94 ,! tops %\ld slant outw>ds4 ,!n nail cross-pieces to ! po/s2 old railway-sleep]s are sometimes *eap & useful4 ,! /&>ds 9 good soil %\ld be ?irty feet ap>t or m4 ,x is a mi/ake to all[ ! grass at any "t to gr[ "u ! trees4 ,moi/ure :i* pe>s require is absorb$1 & ! air is kept f ! roots4 ,r$uce ! bran*es aft] plant+ 79 ,octob] or ,novemb]7 to five or six at ! mo/2 cut ^! back to an out] eye1 six to n9e in*es f ! /em4 ,! roots w e/abli% !mselves = ! fir/ ye>1 & good gr[? w usually foll[4 ,! /r5g? ( a tree dep5ds ma9ly on its roots4 ,^! mu/ n be ov]task$ at fir/1 or ! tree w suff] s]i\sly4 ,next ye>1 late 9 ,july1 cut back to ! six? leaf all %oots spr++ f ! ma9 bran*es :i* run inw>ds2 keep ! c5tre op51 well expos$ to ! light1 sun & air1 & all[ ! ma9 bran*es to develop !mselves freely4 ,9 ! w9t] cut all %oots n ne$$ back to two or ?ree eyes4 ,if m b\ghs are ne$$1 %ort5 ! lead+ %oots1 always cutt+ j above an out] eye4 ,make ! tree z ev5 z y c by %ort5+ lead+ %oots on opposite sides4 ,nev] all[ b\ghs to cross or to int]f]e ) "o ano!r4 ,if b\ghs are void ( a fair proportion ( %oots & spurs1 !y %\ld be /opp$4 ,be c>eful to admit ! sun fully on ! s\? side4 ,cut (f all %oots spr++ f ! c5tral "p or on ! l[] "p ( ! bran*es ( old /&>ds4 ,if "y /&>d trees are well plant$1 c>efully f$ & prun$1 ! /ems kept cle> ( we$s & grass1 !y c be br\ght into comp>atively e>ly be>+4 ,:]e irrigation is possible1 let a /ream ( wat] t has fl[$ "s di/ance ov] ! gr\nd be turn$ 9 dry wea!r on to _! roots1 or let liquid manure be giv5 aft] ra92 ! effect w be surpris+4 ,b bew>e ( v cold or /agnant wat]6 ,e>ly pe>s are probably ! mo/ pr(itable = or*>d plant+4 ,! foll[+ are reliable3-- ,six ,m>ket ,or*>d ,/&>d ,pe>s select$ by ,messrs ,buny>d3 ,hessle1 ,f]tility1 ,williams' ,bon ,*rti51 ,beurr ,capiaumont1 ,durondeau1 ,pitma/on ,du*ess4 ,messrs ,riv]s' li/ ( sev53 ,beacon1 ,bon ,*rti51 ,clapp's ,fav\rite1 ,f]tility1 ,conf]5ce1 ,m>ie ,l\ise d',uccle1 ,vic> ( ,w9kfield4 ,! li/ ( an em95t firm 9 ! s\? is z foll[s3-- ,bon ,*rti51 ,hessle1 ,pitma/on ,du*ess1 ,l\ise ,bonne ( ,j]sey1 ,emile d',hey/1 ,m>ie ,l\ise4 ,at ! ,pe> ,conf]5ce 7,r4,h4,s471 #ahhe1 ,bon ,*rti5 _h #ej votes1 ,l\ise ,bonne #df1 ,b4 ,capiaumont #ch1 ,hessle #cj4 ,?us1 ,william's ,b4 ,c4 has #d votes1 ,hessle #c1 ,pitma/on #b1 ,f]tility #b4 ,p]sonally1 ,i pref] ,pitma/on z a bu%1 ! fruit be+ s l>ge4 ,x is a pe> = a good m>ket1 n a co/]'s fruit4 ,t5 trees ( ?ree v>ieties w\ld make a good or*>d4 ,vic> ( ,w9kfield or ,v]ulam might be add$ = a lat] ,/ew+ ,pe>4 ,! bloom ( ,m>ie ,l\ise is s t5d] t ,i pref] ,m>ie ,l\ise d',uccle1 a v good cropp]2 ! fruit is sometimes sold z ,m>ie ,l\ise4 ,! li/ ( #ahhe is h>dly up to date4 ,l\ise ,bonne does n d well ) me z a /&>d1 & ,i %\ld sub/itute ,f]tility4 ,clapp's ,fav\rite is also v promis+4 ,if ! plantation is ( any size1 d n put two trees ( ! same v>iety close toge!r4 ,"s v>ieties are self-/]ile1 yet q capable ( cross-f]tilisation f ! poll5 ( o!r v>ieties4 ,bees %\ld be kept close at h& to f]tilise ! blooms4 ,! foll[+ is ,mr ,radcliffe ,cook's li/ ( or*>d /&>ds = ,p]ry 7see 8 ,cid] & ,p]ry73-- ,b>l&1 ,moorcr(t1 ,r$ ,pe>1 ,taynton ,squa%1 e>ly v>ieties4 ,langl&1 ,yell[ & ,black ,huffcup1 midsumm]4 ,blak5ey ,r$1 ,butt ,pe>1 ,oldfield1 ,p9e ,pe>1 ,rock ,pe>1 late4 ,x is said t 9 ,france !re are m ?an #aejj v>ieties ( ,p]ry ,pe>s4 ,we mu/ wake up & gr[ ! be/ v>ieties4 ,,pyramids ,no "o %\ld plant high /&>ds except "u special circum/ances2 pyramids are a "p ( almo/ e l>ge & good fruit-g>d54 ,9 moi/1 /rong soils !y %\ld be on ! ,qu9ce ,/ock4 ,9 light soils ! ,pe> ,/ock alone has a *ance4 ,"s trees succe$ only z bu%es1 o!rs c be tra9$ z pyramids4 ,! li/s ( ! lead+ nurs]ym5 usually ref] to ! habits ( ea* tree4 ,buy trees tra9$ z pyramids direct f ! nurs]y4 ,if y pref] maid5s 7trees "o ye> old7 tra9 z foll[s3 ,9 e>ly spr+1 aft] plant+1 /op ! tree slightly1 & enc\rage gr[?2 next w9t] cut x d[n almo/ to ! /ock4 ,a /rong %oot f ! base mu/ n[ be made ! lead] & ! c5tral /em4 ,next w9t] cut ?is back to )9 #ah in*es ( ! gr\nd4 ,! highe/ %oot next season mu/ be tra9$ upw>ds by a /raight /ake2 ! side %oots w =m bran*es4 ,^! 9 ,septemb] mu/ be br\ght 7by /akes7 into a horizontal position4 ,! /rong] mu/ be m depress$1 ! weak] may be left = ano!r ye>4 ,b5d into position be=e ! sap s9ks4 ,9 w9t] r$uce side %oots on bran*es to two or ?ree eyes4 ,cut ! lead+ %oot #ab or #ae in*es 7accord+ to gr[? or soil7 above ! bran* bel[ x1 s z to produce fre% bran*es4 ,b5d ^! d[n z be=e4 ,z ! tree progresses1 ! lead+ %oot may be /opp$ 9 summ] :5 x has gr[n a foot1 s z to ?r[ out m bran*es2 x may gr[ ano!r foot upw>ds by ,septemb]1 & also s5d out fre% bran*es4 ,e c>e %\ld be tak5 to keep an upright & /raight /em4 ,9 summ] prun+ *eck ! upp] bran*es be=e ! l[]1 /opp+ ! t]m9al %oots s t !y %all n spread out fur!r ?an ^? bel[ !m4 ,/op !m :5 !y h gr[n #h or #aj in*es1 remov+ ! top4 ,any %oots f ! bran*es 7lat]als7 mu/ be r$uc$ to six or sev5 leaves ab\t mid-,june 7on "y trees71 s z to op5 ! tree & conc5trate gr[? on necess>y p>ts1 & also to produce bloom-buds4 ,^! may =m ne> ! base4 ,9 w9t] r$uce to two or ?ree eyes4#d ,pyramids on ! ,pe> ,/ock 9 /rong soil rea* a height ( #ae to #be feet1 b su* trees are h>d to manage4 ,weak gr[+ sorts might be tri$4 ,! l>g] trees w\ld ne$ annual root-prun+ 7half a side ea* ye>7 to secure good crops4 ,tra9 pyramids f ! nurs]y 9 a simil> way1 keep+ ! upp] bran*es 9 subjection to ! l[]1 tak+ c>e to let light into e "p ( ! tree by summ] prun+4 ,pyramids on ! ,qu9ce %\ld be n less ?an #aj feet ap>t1 #ae 9 /rong soil ) /rong sorts 7su* z ,pitma/on ,du*ess1 or ,du*esse d',ang\lme72 on ! ,pe> ,/ock 9 simil> soil = /rong sorts #bj feet ap>t4 ,avoid cr[d+4 ,lift or root-prune r ?an cr[d4 ,d n plant two trees ( ! same v>iety close toge!r4 ,! poll5 ( a diff]5t sort may make ea* tree m fruitful4 ,h hives ( bees at no great di/ance to promote f]tilisation4 ,! foll[+ are good sorts = pyramids3-- ,citron des ,c>mes 7on pe>7 e>ly1 ,williams' ,bon ,*rti51 ,clapp's ,fav\rite1 ,m>ie ,l\ise d',uccle1 ,du*esse d',ang\lme1 ,durondeau1 ,fondante d',automne1 ,beurr ,h>dy1 ,beurr ,sup]f91 ,m>*al de la ,c\r1 ,doy5n du ,comice1 ,pr9cess1 ,joseph9e de ,mal9es1 ,beurr ,rance4 ,,cook+ ,,pe>s4--,bellissime d',hiv]1 ,vic> ( ,w9kfield1 ,v]ulam4 ,o!rs might be add$4 ,"s ( ^! also d well z bu%es4 ,,column> ,,trees are pyramids on a small] scale1 kept well 9 *eck by lift+ or root-prun+1 m l a column ?an a pyramid4 ,9 light soil ?is "w w\ld n be ne$$4 ,!y are adapt$ = small g>d5s1 &1 well manag$1 may be v useful4 ,plant f #h to #aj feet ap>t4 ,,espali]s 9 ! op5 gr\nd 7accord+ to "s good gr[]s7 are ! mo/ economical ( space1 b ,i d n c>e mu* = !m4 ,tra9 at fir/ f maid5s z = a pyramid1 keep+ "o upright %oot & guid+ "o bran* ea* side 9 an almo/ horizontal position4 ,cut back ! lead] once a ye> at fir/ at ab\t #ab or #ae in*es f ! bran* bel[ to "o bud j above ! buds :5ce ! bran*es are to spr+4 ,f ?is "o bud ! upright lead] w gr[4 ,! bran*es %\ld be ab\t a foot ap>t4 ,/op ! topmo/ 9 summ] 7if v /rong7 to div]t ! sap into o!r p>ts4 ,/op /rong horizontals to /r5g!n ! weak & to promote fruit-buds4 ,/op %oots on ! bran*es late 9 ,june or 9 ,july at six full leaves1 if ! tree is fl\ri%+1 b n o!rwise4 ,equalise ! sap z f> z possible4 ,espali]s may be b\ght f ! nurs]ies1 sav+ sev]al ye>s4 ,plant #ae or #bj feet ap>t accord+ to gr\nd & tree4 ,support ) rails or /\t firm /akes plac$ #b- feet f ! walk2 place ! tree #c in*es f ! /ake on ! side ( ! pa?4 ,keep ! trees l[ to prev5t %ade on ! g>d52 #e feet is high en\gh4 ,prune e/abli%$ trees 9 ,july2 cutt+ back fre% %oots 7lat]als7 to six leaves1 & op5+ ! tree & fruit to ! sun1 remov+ %oots n ne$$4 ,r$uce to two or ?ree buds 9 w9t]2 ) a small saw cut back l>ge lumpy pieces ! gr[? ( ye>s4 ,,horizontals ,,on ,,walls %\ld be tra9$ z ,espali]s4 ,!y are bett] = a l[ ?an a high wall4 ,! bran*es %\ld be ab\t a foot 7f\r bricks7 ap>t4 ,9 "s old g>d5s1 enorm\s ,horizontals may be se5 ) ! bran*es at di/ant ends turn$ upw>ds4 ,! l[] bran*es are horizontal z f> z ! space all[s1 !n turn$ upw>ds4 ,?is *ange *ecks ! sap1 less5s luxuriance1 & promotes fruit-buds4 ,b !re (t5 is excessive gr[? 9 ! upp] p>ts4 ,^! upp] %oots mu/ be prun$ be=e ! l[]4 ,su* trees are call$ ,palmetto ,v]ri]1 & are sc>cely to be recomm5d$4 ,,fan-,,%ap$ ,,trees are adapt$ to high walls4 ,tomatoes or o!r fruits may be gr[n bel[ 9 ! vacant spaces4 ,by plant+ a /&>d aga9/ a high wall1 x w soon be cov]$ if f$ & duly tra9$4 ,cut ! tree back z an or*>d /&>d aft] plant+4 ,keep ! b\ghs well away f ea* o!r1 #ab in*es or m ap>t4 ,if a wall is %ad$ ) foliage x d]ives little heat f ! sun4 ,/op ! gross upright %oots e>ly 9 ! season to spread ! sap1 & summ] prune 9 ,july4 ,keep ! bran*es close to ! wall1 & complete prun+ 9 w9t]4 ,^! trees mu/ be on ! ,pe> ,/ock4 ,! *oice/ sorts1 su* z ,doy5n du ,comice1 ,beurr ,sup]f9 or ,diel %\ld be select$ = a s\? wall4 ,prune ! upp] p>ts be=e ! l[]4 ,wires may be plac$ on ! walls #a- in*es out1 ) an int]val ( #ab in*es or m betwe5 ea* wire4 ,,bu%es are ( great value1 ei!r 9 a plantation or a g>d54 ,9 good soil1 ev5 ^? on ! qu9ce gr[ l>ge1 & may ne$ root-prun+ or mov+4 ,9 poor soil1 ) gravel or *alk n f> bel[1 bu%es on ,pe> ,/ock mu/ be mov$ e few ye>s1 & well f$4 ,rott5 manure giv5 9 ! autumn w attract & fe$ ! roots4 ,fruit on l[ bu%es is less affect$ by /rong w9ds4 ,"s sorts d bett] z bu%es ?an z pyramids2 bu%es1 too1 are m "u control4 ,a maid5 tree aft] plant+ %\ld be all[$ to gr[ = a ye> un*eck$1 to e/abli% ! roots4 ,9 w9t] cut ! tree back to )9 a foot ( ! gr\nd4 ,9 ! spr+ x w ?r[ out vigor\s %oots4 ,select ?ree or f\r ( ^!1 & fix !m 9 position ) /akes1 remov+ ! o!rs4 ,next w9t] cut ^! back to an out] eye1 leav+ six or n9e in*es ( ea* bran* f ! /em4 ,o!r bran*es w soon foll[4 ,"t w be sav$ by buy+ bu%es f ! nurs]y4 ,keep ^! z op5 z possible1 especially on ! s\? side & ! c5tre4 ,ea* bran* %\ld be a foot ap>t4 ,summ] prune 9 ,july & w9t] z be=e4 ,/op ! bran*es 9 summ]1 if gr[+ rapidly1 to produce fruit spurs1 & 9 w9t] cut back to /rong wood 7to an out] eye74 ,all new wood w ?us be fea!r$ dur+ ! foll[+ ye>4 ,"s bu%es are v diffuse & ne$ mu* room1 e4g4 ,catillac & ,uv$ale ,/ ,g]ma94 ,bu%es on qu9ce %\ld be eight to twelve feet ap>t2 /rong gr[]s1 su* z ,pitma/on1 ,du*esse d',ang\lme1 ,catillac1 %\ld be ev5 m 9 good soil1 if root-prun+ is n to be practis$4 ,! foll[+ are good z bu% trees3-- ,illu/ration3 ,,b]gamotte ,,esp]5 ,,on ,,wall ,dess]t ,pe>s4--,doy5n d't 7v e>ly71 ,beurr ,giff>d1 ,j>gonelle1 ,b4 d',amanlis1 ,doy5n ,b\sso*1 ,l\ise ,bonne1 ,pitma/on ,du*ess1 ,emile d',hey/1 ,b4 ,diel1 ,=elle or ,tr\t ,pe>1 ,b4 ,clairgeau1 ,w9t] ,nelis1 ,joseph9e de ,mal9es1 ,passe ,crassanne1 ,ea/] ,beurr4 ,cook+ ,pe>s4--,catillac1 ,uv$ale's ,/ ,g]ma91 ,v]ulam 7m compact71 ,bellissime d',hiv] 7gr[s l a cypress74 ,o!rs might be add$4 ,"s ( ^! d well also z pyramids4 ,,cordons oblique or diagonal1 on "o /em only1 are my fav\rites4 ,! f9e/ fruit c be gr[n on !m ev5 9 ! op51 if ! situation is good & well protect$4 ,!y are usually plac$ aga9/ a wall1 b !y also d well on wires4 ,^! %\ld be put ne> a pa? ab\t #ah in*es or #b feet away1 & #b to #c feet %\ld be all[$ ! o!r side4 ,if ! wires run ,n4 & ,s41 ! be/ fruit w be on ! ,s4 side4 ,e4 & ,w4 is a bett] aspect1 b bo? are good if !re is %elt]4 ,on a wall1 ,s4 or ,s4-,w4 is be/4 ,plant s+le cordons 9 good gr\nd1 !y w soon gr[ & be>4 ,d\ble-graft$ trees are de>]1 yet *eap4 ,all 9 su* soil %\ld be on ,qu9ce4 ,on *alk or gravel soils !y mu/ be on ! pe> or free /ock4 ,old] trees co/ a trifle m1 b nev] buy old trees4 ,old trees are l old folks1 !y r>ely transplant well4 ,avoid horizontal or d\ble cordons4 ,! =m] are too ne> ! gr\nd1 & (t5 9 ! g>d5]'s way4 ,! latt] are n s manageable z s+le /ems4 ,sometimes s+le /ems fail f v>i\s causes2 !y c be easily remov$1 & a fre% tree sub/itut$ at little co/4 ,9 a ye> or two ! new tree1 if n cropp$ at fir/1 may beg9 to d well & be> fruit4 ,plant #ah or #bj in*es f ea* o!r at an angle ( #de2 :5 ! tree rea*es ! top wire1 tra9 x onw>ds4 ,aft] a "t1 ?is wire may be cr[d$2 !n a tree "h & !re may be all[$ 7z a s+le /em7 to g upw>ds4 ,b root-prun+ 7half a side only7 ea* ye> w keep gross gr[]s 9 *eck4 ,/op ! tops ( /rong gr[]s ( any size aft] plant+ to produce fruit buds1 & always remove blossom buds at ! top4 ,all v>ieties d well z cordons2 ! mo/ t5d] %\ld be plant$ 9 ! be/ protect$ & w>me/ spot4 ,! wires 7galvanis$7 %\ld be /ret*$ f iron po/s1 ! latt] /r5g!n$ ) /ays4 ,b>s ( iron p]=at$1 flat1 & light1 #f or #g feet ap>t1 %\ld keep ! wires 9 position4 ,! l[e/ wire %\ld be ab\t #ah in*es f ! gr\nd1 ! wires above at lea/ #ab in*es ap>t4 ,six feet is a suffici5t height = ! top wire4 ,o!rwise ! g>d5 is %ad$ & ! trees require a ladd]4 ,oak po/s #g to #h feet long1 #d to #e in*es ?r\gh1 t>r$ or *>r$ at ! bottom1 are p]haps *eap] at fir/4 ,^! also require /ays4 ,9 ?ree or f\r ye>s ! wires are almo/ cov]$1 & good crops 9 a f9e season foll[4 ,leave op5+s at int]vals = g>d5]s to g ?r\gh4 ,,ar*es 7) a cordon on ea*7 may also be =m$ ov] pa?s & wires /ret*$ f "o to ano!r4 ,b bew>e ( br++ !m v ne> to ea* o!r4 ,sun & air are ess5tial to success4 ,a %oot all[$ to run along a high horizontal wire w (t5 be> f9e fruit4 ,walls too %\ld be cov]$ ) cordons r ?an horizontals4 ,d\ble ! crop is (t5 secur$ 9 half ! "t4 ,visitors to ! ,*iswick ,g>d5s ( ! ,r4,h4,s4 may see a l>ge numb] on a high wall be>+ 9 a hot gravelly soil good fruit4 ,! treatm5t ( all su* trees is simple4 ,if aga9/ a wall & on light soil1 !y mu/ be f$ well4 ,/able manure %\ld be giv5 9 ! autumn & left to decay2 liquid manure :5 ! fruit beg9s to swell4 ,summ] prune 9 ,july1 p9*+ or cutt+ new gr[?s back to ! six? leaf1 r$uc+ ^! 9 autumn to two or ?ree eyes1 b leav+ fruit buds unt\*$4 ,root prune :5 necess>y 9 late ,octob] or ,novemb]4 ,9 w9t]1 look ov] ! trees1 see t all are ti$ prop]ly1 r$uce ) a small saw any l>ge lumps ( wood =m$ 9 ! c\rse ( ye>s1 & prep>e ! trees = spray+ or wa%+4 ,,prices ,,( ,,trees ,! co/ ( ,/&>ds is usually f #as4 #f;d4 to #bs4 #f;d42 ,maid5s or ,ye>l+s #as4 #f;d4 ea*1 #abs4 p] doz52 ,bu% & ,pyramids on ,pe> or ,qu9ce #as4 #f;d4 to #cs4 #f;d42 cordons1 #as4 #f;d4 ea*1 #abs4 p] doz52 d\ble-graft$ trees #bs4 #f;d4 to #cs4 #f;d4 ,,g>d5 ,,or*>ds ,bu% trees on ! ,qu9ce are be/ = ^!4 ,!y come soon into be>+1 are int]e/+ & sometimes pr(itable4 ,heavy fruits h a bett] *ance ?an ^? on /&>ds or on pyramids4 ,^! latt] require m "t1 & are m expos$ to ! w9d4 ,pyramids c soon be conv]t$ into bu%es by cutt+ out ! c5tral bran* )9 #b or #c feet ( ! gr\nd4 ,beg9 by enclos+ y\r or*>d ) a wire f5ce1 !n =m a h$ge ( damsons4 ,plant y\r pe>s #h to #ab feet ap>t4 ,keep av5ues op5 = ! transit ( manures2 "o h>d pa? or road may be v useful4 ,use int]m$iate spaces = o!r crops :ile ! bu%es are "y4 ,z crops _c be expect$ e ye>1 gr[ gooseb]ries1 /rawb]ries1 currants1 salads1 etc41 9 a l>ge plantation4 ,trees ( ! same v>iety %\ld n be plant$ next ea* o!r4 ,poll9ation is (t5 promot$ by a diff]5t v>iety be+ close at h&4 ,! foll[+ are reliable & saleable3--,beacon1 ,clapp's ,fav\rite1 ,bon ,*rti51 ,b4 d',amanlis1 ,s\v5ir du ,congrs1 ,l\ise ,bonne1 ,f]tility1 ,b4 ,h>dy1 ,d4 du ,comice1 ,durondeau1 ,pitma/on ,du*ess1 ,b4 ,diel1 ,joseph9e de ,mal9es1 & 7cook+7 ,v]ulam4 ,no "o gr[+ = m>ket %\ld plant all ^! sorts except 9 a l>ge plantation1 a fir/ rate soil1 & a well %elt]$ position4 ,= m>ket only take ,bon ,*rti51 ,amanlis1 ,f]tility1 ,durondeau1 ,pitma/on ,du*ess1 ,joseph9e de ,mal9es1 ,v]ulam4 ,bon ,*rti5 does n suit e soil4 ,clapp's ,fav\rite might be bett]4 ,f]tility1 ,durondeau & ,pitma/on are a good ?ree2 ,hessle1 ,beacon & ,f]tility1 if e>li] pe>s are desir$4 ,,manures ,! artificial manures recomm5d$ by ! ,r4,h4,s4 are z foll[s3 #d oz4 ( ,basic slag & #a oz4 ( ,ka9it p] squ>e y>d 7z f> z ! roots ext5d7 9 ! autumn2 foll[ ^! 9 ,febru>y or ,m>* ) #b oz4 ( sup]phosphate & #a oz4 ( sulphate ( ammonia4 ,liquid manure /imulates gr[? ( wood1 roots & fruit4 ,soot 7#a peck to #cj gallons ( wat]7 all[$ to /& till ! liquid is cle>1 giv5 once or twice a week1 is v helpful4 ,e fruit-gr[] %\ld h a good supply ( "s k9d at h&4 ,n a drop f 8 /ables1 etc41 %\ld be wa/$ 9 summ]4 ,9 a dr\ght x may save 8 trees4 ,b rank or fruitless trees ( any age1 z a rule1 ne$ no manure4 ,if !re is a heavy crop1 fe$ well :5 ! gr[+ season is ov]4 ,pe>s are gross & ?ir/y fe$]s4 ,messrs ,riv]s#e recomm5d t a peck ( soot %\ld be /rew$ on ! surface 9 a circle #c feet 9 diamet] r\nd ea* 7dw>f7 tree 9 ,m>*4 ,pe>s on ! ,qu9ce 9 a light1 dry soil %\ld h ! surface r\nd ! tree cov]$ dur+ ,june1 ,july & ,augu/1 ) %ort litt] or manure1 & 9 dry wea!r be dr5*$ once a week ) guano wat] 7#a lb4 to #aj gallons71 & equal p>ts ( soot1 :i* mu/ be well /irr$ be=e x is us$4 ,ea* tree %\ld h #aj gallons p\r$ gradually into ! soil4 ,lime rubbi% or *alk %\ld be add$ :]ev] !re is any defici5cy4 ,if x be possible1 9 dry wea!r all[ a /ream ( wat] to fl[ by _! roots1 or 9 any case give liquid manure4 ,! roots %\ld nev] be dry2 crack+ (t5 foll[s ra9 j aft] a dr\ght if ! roots are dry4 ,soot is a safegu>d aga9/ insects1 & is suppos$ to give col\r4 ,dr ,griffi?s 79 ,special ,manures = ,g>d5 ,crops1 p4 #aja7 says3 ,nitrog5\s manures are requisite = backw>d1 pota% & phosphates = =w>d trees2 ! =m] aids gr[?1 ! latt] develops bloom1 ! sug> 9 ! fruit1 & ! rip5+ ( ! wood4 ,pe> trees are aid$ by a manure conta9+ f\r p>ts 7by weight7 ( ka9it & "o "p ( sup]phosphate--#d lbs4 ( ?is mixture to be giv5 9 ! spr+ to ea* tree aft] prun+4 ,if ! trees are backw>d1 wat] once a week ) a solution conta9+ #a oz4 ( nitrate ( soda to #b gallons ( wat]4 ,if basic slag & ka9it are giv51 autumn is ! "t1 z _! action is sl[4 ,nitrate ( soda is good on hot1 dry1 & *alky soils4 ,,pe>s ,,= ,a ,,private ,,g>d5 ,if ! space is small1 try cordons or bu%es4 ,if ?ree are en\gh1 ,f]tility1 ,pitma/on1 ,joseph9e de ,mal9es2 if six1 add ,durondeau1 ,bon ,*rti51 ,comice2 if n9e1 add ,b4 ,h>dy1 ,b4 ,sup]f91 ,v]ulam2 if twelve1 ,b4 d',amanlis1 ,l\ise ,bonne1 ,b4 ,clairgeau2 if fifte51 ,j>gonelle1 ,clapp's ,fav\rite1 ,b4 ,diel2 if tw5ty1 ,doy5n ,b\sso*1 ,m>ie ,l\ise d',uccle1 ,m>*al de la ,c\r2 if tw5ty-?ree1 ,gl\ ,morceau1 ,w9t] ,nelis1 ,passe ,crassanne2 if tw5ty-six1 ,comte de ,lamy1 ,dana's ,hovey1 ,?ompson's2 if ?irty1 ,doy5n d't1 ,emile d',hey/1 ,b>onne de ,mello1 ,ea/] ,beurr or ,olivi] de ,s]res4 ,,exhibition ,,pe>s ,size is ( importance z well z p]fection 9 e po9t4 ,co>se pe>s ( inf]ior quality r>ely w94 ,*oice mu/ dep5d on ! "t ( ye> :5 y compete4 ,! same fruits _c be s5t to sev]al %[s2 !y are c]ta9 to be bruis$ & to suff] 9 "s way4 ,! foll[+ are ! *ief pe>s = exhibition3-- ,illu/ration3 ,,pe>--,,m>,,*al ,,de ,,la ,,c\r ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,beacon4 ,s\v5ir du ,congrs4 ,flemi% ,beauty4 ,clapp's ,fav\rite4 ,bon ,*rti54 ,m>gu]ite ,m>illat4 ,septemb] & ,octob]4 ,b4 d',amanlis4 ,bonne d',eze or ,brockwor? ,p>k4 ,beurr de l',assomption4 ,triomphe de ,vi5ne4 ,octob]4 ,b4 ,h>dy4 ,m>ie ,l\ise d',uccle4 ,d4 ,b\sso*4 ,b4 ,sup]f94 ,l\ise ,bonne4 ,octob] & ,novemb]4 ,beurr ,alex&re ,lucas4 ,m>*al de la ,c\r4 ,emile d',hey/4 ,d4 du ,comice4 ,b4 ,diel4 ,pitma/on ,d4 ,beurr ,f\qu]ay4 ,magnate4 ,du*esse d',ang\lme4 ,conf]5ce4 ,durondeau4 ,m>ie ,l\ise4 ,novemb] & ,decemb]4 ,?ompson's4 ,b4 ,/]kmans4 ,n\veau ,poiteau4 ,b4 d',anj\4 ,pr9cess4 ,gl\ ,morceau4 ,fondante de ,?irriott4 ,g5]al ,todleb54 ,b4 ,baltet ,pre4 ,janu>y1 etc4 ,n\velle ,fulvie4 ,passe ,crassanne4 ,b]gamotte ,esp]54 ,presid5t ,b>ab4 ,olivi] de ,s]res4 ,ea/] ,beurr4 ,b4 ,rance4 ,,cook+ ,,pe>s ,,= ,,exhibition ,decemb] & ,april4 ,uv$ale's ,/ ,g]ma94 ,bellissime d',hiv]4 ,catillac4 ,directeur ,alph&4 ,v]ulam4 ,size is ! *ief po9t 9 cook+ pe>s1 !n equality ( excell5ce4 ,size is produc$ by c>eful culture & good fe$+ 9 good soil4 ,! dates above are only approximate4 ,,pe>s ,,= ,,appe>ance ,illu/ration3 ,,pe>--,,m>gu]ite ,,m>illat ,doy5n ,b\sso* is p]haps ! mo/ h&some ( all pe>s1 b does n la/ long4 ,m>gu]ite ,m>illat 7,septemb]7 is l>ge & h&some1 s are ,b4 ,clairgeau1 ,b4 ,/]kmans1 ,b4 ,mortillet1 ,s\v5ir du ,congrs1 ,b4 ,baltet ,pre 7v turb9ate71 ,b4 ,giff>d1 ,b4 ,h>dy1 ,l\ise ,bonne1 & o!rs4 ,,pe>s ,,= ,,quality ,mu* dep5ds on ! season1 soil & situation4 ,9 a cold season1 ev5 pe>s ( good quality are only fit = cook+4 ,?us us$1 !y are (t5 excell5t4 ,! sweete/ ( all pe>s is ,comte de ,lamy4 ,dana's ,hovey 7( ,am]ican orig97 is p]haps its equal4 ,d4 du ,comice1 ,b4 ,h>dy1 ,m>ie ,l\ise1 ,joseph9e de ,mal9es1 ,w9t] ,nelis1 ,bon ,*rti51 ,b4 ,sup]f91 ,?ompson's1 ,fondante d',automne1 are among ! be/4 ,a w>m autumn makes a va/ diff]5ce4 ,b4 ,diel !n becomes fir/ rate1 s d ,passe ,crassanne1 ,olivi] de ,s]res1 ,b]gamotte ,esp]51 ,b4 d',anj\1 ,b4 ,/]kmans1 & o!rs4 ,,cook+ ,,pe>s ,gr[]s %\ld keep 9 m9d t dess]t pe>s (t5 cook well if ga!r$ be=e !y are ripe4 ,/ew$ pe>s are excell5t food 9 e way2 pe>s t d n rip5 well c be utilis$ ?us4 ,!re are special sorts pre-em95tly good4 ,v]ulam & ,bellissime d',hiv]1 v f]tile z bu%es or cordons1 keep & cook well4 ,catillac & ,uv$ale's ,/ ,g]ma9 are v l>ge1 ! latt] (t5 enorm\s2 ! fruit sometimes exce$s #b lb4 if ! tree is well f$4 ,! two la/ are spread+ z bu%es1 b d well z cordons4 ,bellissime d',hiv] 0 ! fav\rite ,c4 pe> ( ! fam\s ,dr ,hogg4 ,vic> ( ,w9kfield is also good1 b n s la/+4 ,cook+ pe>s %\ld beg9 9 ,septemb] & la/ until ,april4 ,b4 ,clairgeau is reg>d$ by ! ,r4,h4,s4 z a cook+ pe>4 ,x is free-be>+ & h&some1 b n la/+4 ,directeur ,alph& 7new7 is describ$ z v l>ge1 b ne$s sun to rip54 ,,e>ly ,,pe>s ,^! are n important 7except = sale71 z s _m fruits ( o!r k9ds are usually abundant4 ,doy5n d't is ! fir/ 94 ,d\ble-graft$ on ! ,qu9ce1 x is v f]tile4 ,next comes ,citron des ,c>mes1 a great ,fr5* fav\rite4 ,! fruit ( ?is is said to be f9e :5 ! tree is d\ble-graft$4 ,craw=d1 a fav\rite ,scot* pe>1 is reg>d$ z its sup]ior nor? ( ! ,twe$4 ,j>gonelle is also a ,scot* fav\rite1 especially 9 ,p]?1 :]e e vacant wall space is said to be soon occupi$ by ?is pe>4 ,x is gr[n1 too1 z a /&>d on ! free /ock1 b does n love ! ,qu9ce4 ,if d\ble-graft$1 ! lead+ %oot p9*$ z well z ! side %oots two or ?ree times 9 ! season1 x w be> well4 ,beacon & ,b4 ,giff>d are also ,augu/ pe>s4 ,lat] on come ,clapp's ,fav\rite1 ,bon ,*rti51 & _m o!rs4 ,e>ly sorts %\ld be ga!r$ be=e !y are ripe4 ,mr ,g4 ,buny>d recomm5ds t e>ly pe>s z well z e>ly apples %\ld be laid 9 heaps1 cov]$ ) nettles or /raw1 & sweat$1 to improve _! appe>ance4 ,!y are said to col\r well treat$ ?us4 ,,late ,,pe>s ,are (t5 wor?less until !y are 9 ! kit*52 yet a w>m autumn makes "s ( !m delici\s4 ,! be/ ( all is ,joseph9e de ,mal9es4 ,! tree does well z a /&>d or bu%1 & ! dem& = ! fruit is sometimes great4 ,) c>e x w la/ to ,m>*4 ,next comes ,w9t] ,nelis1 n s h>dy2 !n foll[ ,n\velle ,fulvie1 ,madame ,millett1 ,passe ,crassanne1 ,olivi] de ,s]res1 ,ea/] ,beurr1 & ,b4 ,rance4 ,a new sort1 ,presid5t ,b>ab1 has receiv$ a ,fir/ ,class ,c]tificate f ! ,r4,h4,s4 ,late v>ieties mu/ be all[$ on ! trees z long z possible1 & be well protect$ f birds4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 9 h&l+ & /or+4 ,bruis$ pe>s soon rot4 ,,pe>s ,,= ,,cottag]s ,,& ,,small ,,f>m]s ,! foll[+ 7 select$ 9 #ahib by ! ,r4,h4,s4 on ! advice ( =ty exp]ts3 = eat+1 ,j>gonelle1 ,bon ,*rti51 ,b4 d',amanlis1 ,l\ise ,bonne1 ,durondeau1 ,m>ie ,l\ise1 ,d4 du ,comice1 ,pitma/on ,du*ess2 = cook+1 ,b4 ,clairgeau1 ,catillac1 ,uv$ale's ,/ ,g]ma91 ,v]ulam4 ,b ,m>ie ,l\ise is a poor & unc]ta9 be>]4 ,,synonyms ,:5 fruit trees h num]\s names1 !y c]ta9ly are popul>1 probably good4 ,passe ,colm> has tw5ty-eight1 *iefly ,fr5*2 gr[n 9 a ri* w>m soil x is a fir/-rate dess]t pe> 7,novemb]74 ,! tree is vigor\s & makes a good pyramid4 ,b4 ,diel has ?irte53 among ! ,fr5* x is ,beurr ,magnifique4 ,x requires a good season "h4 ,uv$ale's ,/ ,g]ma9 7,belle ,angev9e ( ! ,fr5*7 has tw5ty-two1 *iefly ,fr5*4 ,yet x 0 rais$ 9 #afij by ,dr ,uv$ale1 a ,s*oolma/] ( ,el?am 9 ,k5t4 ,w9dsor1 a v old ,engli% pe>1 m5tion$ 9 #afbi1 yet ( ,fr5* orig91 has elev54 ,! fruit is l>ge & gre5i%-yell[1 flu%$1 b soon becomes dry & wor?less4 ,9 good soil x gr[s & be>s well 7,augu/74 ,:ite ,doy5n has f\rte51 a fairly good ,septemb] & ,octob] pe>1 r l>ge1 a good be>]1 fle% :ite1 b some:at acrid & gritty 7,b>ron74 ,vic> ( ,w9kfield has twelve4 ,a long l>ge fruit (t5 twi/$1 fairly good = bak+1 f ,novemb] to ,janu>y1 second rate 7,b>ron74 ,b4 ,rance has six4 ,a long1 l>gi%1 late pe>1 sometimes v good4 ,w>d5s1 a "n giv5 to pe>s :i* nev] melt1 are long keep+1 & us$ = cook+ only4 ,! "n comes f ! ,ci/]cian ,abbey ( ,w>d5 9 ,b$s4 ,p>k9son's ,w>d5 is n[ ,black ,worce/]4 ,!re are ,spani%1 ,:ite & ,r$ ,w>d5s4 ,bi%op's ,?umb 0 orig9ally call$ ,bi%op's ,tongue1 ,x 0 a fav\rite 9 #afij1 & is /ill a fav\rite4 ,! tree is h>dy & a good be>]1 ! fruit long1 firm1 melt+1 sweet 7,octob]1 ,novemb]74 ,br[n ,beurr has t52 an old fav\rite1 :i* requires a wall or v w>m site 7,octob]74 ,*aumontel has n9e1 requires a v w>m climate4 ,bett] 9 ,j]sey ?an 9 ,brita94 ,illu/ration3 ,,pe>--,,beurr ,,diel ,ea/] ,beurr has tw5ty-two1 mo/ ( !m ,fr5*4 ,good if gr[n 9 good soil & 9 a good season4 ,x does n gr[ well on ! ,qu9ce4 ,flemi% ,beauty has sev5te54 ,! fruit is l>ge & sometimes russetty & flu%$ crimson2 good only :5 ga!r$ be=e x is ripe 7,septemb] & ,octob]74 ,l\ise ,bonne has sev54 ,rais$ at ,avran*es 9 ,norm&y 7#aghh71 x curi\sly is call$ ,l4 ,b4 ( ,j]sey4 ,m>*al de la ,c\r has six1 l>ge & good4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ 7,dr ,hogg74 ,napoleon has f\rte54 ,second rate 7,b>ron74 ,r$ ,doy5n has elev51 *iefly ,fr5*4 ,! fruit is sup]ior to ,:ite ,d4 7,novemb]74 ,gl\ ,morceau has twelve or ?irte51 *iefly ,fr5*4 ,x is excell5t 9 a w>m soil & site 7,novemb] & ,decemb]74 ,,pe>s ,,= ,,p]ry ,our p are beg9n+ to discov] t we c & ought to make z good ,cid] & ,p]ry z is made 9 any c\ntry4 ,mr ,radclyffe ,cooke 9 8 ,cid] & ,p]ry gives ! foll[+ li/3-- ,e>ly ,v>ieties4 ,b>l&4 ,moorcr(t4 ,r$ ,pe>4 ,taynton ,squa%4 ,midsumm]4 ,langl& ,yell[ & ,black ,huffcap4 ,late4 ,blak5ey ,r$4 ,butt ,pe>4 ,oldfield4 ,p9e ,pe>4 ,rock ,pe>4 ,sixty v>ieties appe> 9 ! ,li/ s5t to ! ,pe> ,conf]5ce ( ! ,r4,h4,s41 ,octob] #ahhe4 ,,ga!r+ ,,& ,,/or+ ,mid-,season & late pe>s %\ld be ga!r$ 9 dry wea!r z soon z !y come easily f ! tree4 ,lift g5tly1 & ga!r by degrees z ! fruits rip51 ^? on s\? side fir/4 ,use padd$ baskets1 & treat good fruits ) lov+ c>e4 ,bew>e ( pil+ a l>ge quantity 9 "o basket1 ( turn+ or roll+ out in/ead ( h&l+ by ! /ems4 ,) high pyramids ,hea?man's comb9$ ladd]-/eps may be ne$$4 ,pe>s %\ld be put away q dry 9 a d>k & dry place1 :]e ! temp]ature is z ev5 z outside wood5 or o!r walls1 & ?at* above c make x4 ,p]fect & f9e fruit %\ld be wrapp$ 9 tissue or o!r pap] & plac$ s+ly on %elves or 9 %all[ draw]s or boxes4 ,boxes are excell5t = late fruit4 ,= /or+ !y %\ld be only deep en\gh to hold "o lay] ( fruit4 ,scott recomm5ds clean bran1 o!rs dry silv] s&1 to put among ! fruit s z to absorb any moi/ure4 ,! rip5+ may be ha/5$ by plac+ ! fruit 9 a g5tly w>m$ room1 or on hot wat] pipes 9 a gre5h\se4 ,sorts dry & t\gh c>efully rip5$ 9 w>m draw]s or on ! %elves ( a w>m cupbo>d become delici\sly melt+ & ri*4 ,a heat f #fj to #gj is ab\t ! prop] temp]ature 7,scott74 ,fruit peck$1 bruis$1 or injur$ 9 any way %\ld be kept ap>t & got rid ( )\t /or+4 ,:ite tissue pap]1#f glaz$ on "o side1 ! fruit re/+ on ! glaz$ side ) ano!r %eet on ! top1 ! glaz$ side d[nw>ds1 is useful :]e a l>ge am\nt ( fruit is /or$ on %elves or trays4 ,orr's ,pat5t ,trays1 sold by ,john ,p4 ,:ite1 ,b$=d1 are excell5t = /or+4 ,! trays fit on ea* o!r1 & s+le trays are readily mov$1 s t ! fruit on ea* tray c be exam9$ )\t be+ h&l$4 ,,protection ,,( ,,fruit ,z trees mu/ be protect$ aga9/ h>es & rabbits1 s mu/ fruit be f o!r enemies4 ,birds 9 "s seasons are mo/ de/ructive1 attack+ ! f9e/ fruit1 peck+ a piece out ne> ! /alk4 ,su* fruit soon decays4 ,wasps & blue-bottle flies fea/ on ripe or injur$ fruit4 ,mr ,*eal 9 8 ,fruit ,culture recomm5ds t galvanis$ wire nett+ be put ov] ! :ole gr\nd4 ,?is may d = small plantations1 n = l>ge1 nor = places :]e ! trees rise beyond #g feet4 ,_m use ! ,cloi/] ,fruit ,protector ( p]=at$ celluloid4 ,?is protects pea*es1 apples1 pe>s1 etc41 f birds1 wasps & snails1 b ! co/ is heavy4 ,musl9 bags kept c>efully f ye> to ye> are good4 ,! fruit re/s 9 !m & gr[s4 ,nets made 9 diff]5t sizes might be put ov] bu% trees on /akes4 ,!y la/ if kept dry4 ,! g>d5]1 too1 %\ld h a gun & use x at dawn & daily4 ,messrs ,buny>d recomm5d a trap l a lob/] pot made by ,gilb]tson ,page1 ,h]t=d1 to be bait$ ) soak$ bread4 ,?is trap takes birds alive4 ,! h\se-sp>r[ & ! bullf9* are ! *ief1 b n ! only1 enemies4 ,rob9s1 h$ge-sp>r[s1#g etc41 might be releas$4 ,cut ivy c>efully back1 & enc\rage w9t] nets & sp>r[ clubs4 ,fro/ is ano!r foe4 ,cordons might be protect$ by hoops cov]$ ) tiffany1 ,russian canvas1 mats1 or nett+2 bu%es by nets1 mats1 etc4 ,a movable cop+ ov] a wall is (t5 useful4 ,b if /rong colonies ( bees are close at h&1 !y w r>ely fail to f]tilise "s blossoms4 ,9 f9e int]vals bees come out 9 cr[ds1 & d great good4 ,que5 wasps & wasps' ne/s %\ld be s\ght & de/roy$4 ,c\ntry *ildr5 w f9d !m = a small rew>d4 ,,w9t] ,,& ,,spr+ ,,wa%es ,if ! fruit-blossoms survive fro/1 cold w9ds & ra91 enemies ( a diff]5t k9d await !m4 ,x is necess>y to spray or wa% ! trees if ^! enemies are to be kept at bay4 #a4 ,! foll[+ mixture is recomm5d$ by ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture3 ,to prep>e cau/ic alkali wa%1 fir/ dissolve #a lb4 ( comm]cial cau/ic soda 9 wat]1 !n #a lb4 ( crude pota% 7pota%es or pe>l a% ( oilm57 9 wat]4 ,:5 bo? h be5 dissolv$1 mix ! two well toge!r1 !n add lb4 ( s(t soap or agricultural treacle1 /ir well1 & add suffici5t wat] to make up #aj gallons4 ,z ! wa% has a burn+ effect on ! h&s1 ! spray] %\ld we> gloves & be c>eful4 ,! ,eclair h&-spray+ pump1 suppli$ by ,cl>k ,co41 #bj ,great ,/ ,hel5s1 ,e4 ,c41 s5ds a spray l a mi/4 ,! co/ is ab\t #ces4 ,we h us$ x = ye>s1 & ! same firm repairs x well4 ,?is mixture ) u1 ?\gh easily spray$1 has n be5 a great success4 ,if us$1 x %\ld be appli$ 9 ,febru>y1 j be=e ! buds op54 #b4 ,! ,bordeaux ,mixture is us$ = spray+ by "s1 & is recomm5d$ by ,messrs ,buny>d4 ,x is a good fungicide z well z insect-enemy4 ,! foll[+ is ! receipt3 ,sulphate ( copp] #f lbs41 unslak$ lime #d lbs41 wat] #ej gallons4 ,dissolve ! sulphate ( copp] 9 a wood5 vessel1 p\r+ 9 suffici5t wat] to cov] ! co>se bag 9 :i* ! sulphate %\ld h be5 plac$4 ,atta* ! bag by means ( a /r+ to a rod plac$ across ! vessel1 & let x hang 9 ! wat]4 ,9 ano!r vessel add wat] gradually to ! lime until a ?ick pa/e is =m$2 :5 cool mix ! two toge!r 9 a ?ird vessel1 & add wat] up to #dj1 #ej or #fj gallons4 ,if ! mixture is prop]ly made1 a clean knife blade held = "o m9ute 9 ! solution %\ld rema9 un*ang$2 if coat$ ) copp]1 add m lime until no copp] adh]es to ! blade4 ,/ir ! mixture con/antly :ile spray+ & use x fre%4 ,spray ! trees :5 ! buds are fir/ exp&+4 ,messrs ,buny>d 7,fruit ,catalogue1 #aija-b7 recomm5d #f lbs4 ( pure sulphate ( copp]1 #d lbs4 fre% unslak$ lime1 & #bb gallons ( wat]1 ! sulphate to be put 9 a piece ( sack+ or light clo?1 & hung by a /r+ f ! top ( a b>rel conta9+ #ah gallons ( wat]1 a few in*es bel[ ! surface s z to dissolve4 ,!n slack #d lbs4 ( fre% lime 9 z small a quantity ( wat] z possible1 ! wat] be+ add$ v sl[ly1 until slak+ is complet$2 !n sl[ly make up to #d gallons4 ,:5 cool1 ?or\ghly /ir & /ra9 sl[ly ! milk ( lime into ! copp] solution1 /irr+ well :ile mix+ = ano!r m9ute or two2 x is !n fit = use z a w9t] spray4 ,x %\ld be us$ :5 fre%ly made1 7a7 ,apply be=e buds />t to all fruit trees ) ! #bb gallons mixture4 ,?is c be dilut$ to a #cj1 #ej or #fj gallons mixture = spr+ or summ] use4 7b7 ,spray aga9 j z ! petals drop ) ! #fj gallons mixture4 ,if made & appli$ z above 7)9 t5 or tw5ty h\rs7 x adh]es closely to ! wood & foliage2 treacle ne$ n be add$4 ,?is adhesion is ( va/ importance1 z lime is abhorr$ by /em-bor]s 7e4g41 ! goat & leop>d mo?s7 z well z by all insects4 ,! d\ble application ( lime is also helpful4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,p>is ,gre5 is sometimes add$1 & is no d\bt useful2 ! proportion mu/ be v small4 #c4 ,= _m ye>s ,i h pa9t$ my trees 9 w9t] ) ! foll[+ mixture3 "o bu%el ( lime1 half a bu%el ( soot1 a qu>t ( p>aff91 a pail ( c[ dung1 a pail ( clay2 melt$ grease is sometimes add$1 & ! :ole work$ into a pa9t & !n put on ! trees4 ,treacle might be sub/itut$ = ! c[ dung & grease4 ,?is has prov$ a valuable prev5tive4 ,! lime & soot gradually fall+ (f1 leave ! b>k clean1 & enri* ! soil bel[4 ,b pa9t+ is a mu* long] process ?an spray+ ) 7#a7 or 7#b74 ,apples h subsequ5tly be5 spray$ ) ,p>is ,gre51 & pe>s might also be4 ,,insect ,,enemies #a4 ,! pe> oy/] scale is v injuri\s1 especially on walls1 if n *eck$ at an e>ly /age4 ,! cov]+ ( ! female is l a small oy/] scale1 h5ce ! "n4 ,scrape (f any r\gh b>k 9 w9t]1 & apply ! alkali or "o ( ! o!r wa%es z a prev5tive4 ,9 ,may & ,june affect$ p>ts might be bru%$ ) lb4 ( s(t soap 9 a gallon ( wat]4 ,tobacco or lime wat] might also be appli$4 ,p>aff9 l>gely dilut$ may be us$1 b is dang]\s 9 excess4 ,messrs ,riv]s 9 ,! ,m9iature ,fruit ,g>d5 7p4 #add7 say3 ,wa%+ ! p>ts affect$ ) a mixture ( soot1 lime & sulphur w remove ! r\ghness & re/ore ! tree to heal?2 ! above mix$ ) skim milk is m endur+4 ,z a believ] f exp]i5ce 9 soot & lime1 ,i pref] ?is receipt1 if ! trees 7 n wa%$ 9 w9t]4 #b4 ,! ,bli/] ,mo? makes br[n bli/]s on ! leaves4 ,x may be kept f lay+ eggs on ! tree by syr++ occasionally ) soap-suds4 ,spray+ ) ,p>is ,gre5 j aft] ! fruit is =m$ w d good4 ,half an ounce ( be/ pa/e to #aj or #ab gallons ( wat]1 ) "s fre% lime add$1 w suffice = small g>d5s4 ,spray only 9 f9e wea!r j aft] ! petals h fall54 ,p>is ,gre5 is ars5ic1 & may poison bees if us$ too soon4 ,! spray] %\ld avoid brea?+ ov] ! mixture :5 mak+ x up1 %\ld use gloves1 "w f w9dw>d1 & n all[ any spray to rea* 8 fle%4 ,a second spray+ = ?is & o!r insects is (t5 useful4 ,blundell1 ,sp5ce ,co4 7,ltd471 ,hull1 supply good pa/e4 ,price lb4 #as41 less = l>g] quantities4 ,see also ,no4 #c4 #c4 ,! ,pe> ,leaf ,mite causes small bli/]s on ! leaves1 b n ! tunnels or gall]ies ( ! ,bli/] ,mo?4 ,x w9t]s 9 ! bud scales1 & em]ges 9 ! spr+4 ,if ! trees are wa%$ & syr+$1 ! attacks w be less5$4 ,9 7#b7 & 7#c7 collect ! bli/]$ leaves z soon z se51 burn !m & spray or syr+e at once4 ,miss ,orm]od recomm5ds a dilute p>aff9 emulsion spray$ ov] infe/$ leaves4 ,dissolve lb4 ( s(t soap 9 a gallon ( wat]1 add ?is :ile boil+ to two gallons ( p>aff91 *urn ! :ole ) syr+e or small pump = t5 or fifte5 m9utes to make a p]fect mixture4 ,= spray+ add #ab gallons ( wat] to ea* gallon ( ! emulsion4 ,/ir well :ile spray+1 & try ! mixture on a bran* or two le/ x be too /rong2 if s1 add m wat]4 ,?is emulsion is good = ! ,bli/] ,mo? & ! ,slug-worm4 #d4 ,! ,slug-worm is s call$ f ! simil>ity ( ! l>va ( ?is sawfly to a small black slug4 ,! worms fe$ on ! upp] surface ( ! leaves4 ,du/ ) quick lime two or ?ree days 9 succession1 or syr+e ) /rong soap-suds & "s tobacco wat]4 ,clean ) pure wat] 9 a few days4 ,! p>aff9 emulsion 7,no4 #c7 might also be us$4 ,quick-lime scatt]$ ar\nd ! roots & =k$ ?ree or f\r in*es into ! soil may de/roy _! cocoons4 ,b bew>e ( excess4 ,! rem$y may be worse ?an ! disease4 ,insects t attack leaves w also eat ! sk9 ( ! "y fruits if conv5i5tly plac$ = !m4 #e4 ,! ,pe> ,suck] is a jump+ plant-l\se :i* e>ly 9 ! season sucks ! juices ( ! tree ab\t ! axils ( ! leaves4 ,!y are cov]$ ) ! exudations ( ! sap1 :i* (t5 drops on ! gr\nd4 ,! visits ( ! ants %\ld call att5tion to ?is pe/4 ,syr+e well ) s(t soap & wat]1 lb4 to #d gallons1 & add tobacco wat]4 ,remove all r\gh b>k 7_! hid+-places7 9 w9t]4 #f4 ,! ,pe> ,gnat ,midge 7,diplosis pyrivora7 may readily ru9 a crop if un*eck$4 ,x is a rec5t importation among u4 ,bo? "h & 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates x is spread+ ) al>m+ rapidity4 ,x is a small two-w+$ fly1 ) a black body hav+ l9es ( yell[ hair4 ,! female pi]ces ! fl[]-buds & lays h] eggs 9 !m4 ,^! soon hat*1 & ! "y t9y grubs eat _! way into ! embryo fruit1 keep+ to ! fle%y "p1 leav+ ! core & se$s alone4 ,! pe>s turn br[n1 & !n black4 ,cut !m op51 y w notice maggots4 ,! fruit bur/s or falls1 ! maggots =m silk5 cocoons 9 ! soil 9 :i* !y pupate1 & rema9 till ! blossoms beg9 to exp& next spr+4 ,mr ,j4 ,fras] 7editor ( ,g>d5+ ,_w7 has k9dly s5t ^! details1 & recomm5ds 7#a7 t ! injur$ fruit be ga!r$ & burnt2 7#b7 t two in*es ( ! gr\nd b5ea? ! trees %\ld be tak5 up & burnt2 7#c7 t ka9it %\ld be di/ribut$ r\nd ! trees 9 autumn4 ,ka9it is said to keep (f wireworm1 & is recomm5d$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates z a prev5tive aga9/ ?is pe/4 ,i ?9k ! mixture ,no4 #b or ,no4 #c %\ld also be us$1 z insects may be det]r$ by ! sc5t4 ,lime & soot spread ov] ! gr\nd 9 w9t] w\ld probably d good4 #g4 ,weevils dev\r leaves1 buds1 "y %oots1 ev5 ! sk9 ( fruit4 ,!y fe$ by night1 & may be %ak5 into a clo? (f bu%es4 ,lime & soot may less5 _! attacks1 ei!r z a wa% ,no4 #b or #c1 or spread lightly r\nd ! /ems1 or z a p[d] ov] ! leaves4 ,a special bell[s = di/ribut+ any dry p[d] 7z sulphur1 lime1 soot1 etc47 c be _h f ,de ,luzy ,frres1 #dd;,a ,h>old ,/reet1 ,camb]well4 ,! price is #gs4 #f;d41 c>riage paid4 ,z a g5]al rule insecticides %\ld be appli$ 9 ! ev5+ or aft] ! sun is d[n4 ,e>ly & late visits to ! trees are be/ = f9d+ !m fe$+4 #h4 ,wasps1 aft] a dry spr+1 may be v num]\s4 ,_! ne/s (t5 hold _m ?\s&s4 ,l>ge numb]s may be de/roy$ ?us3 place a h&-light ^u bricks1 make a small hole 9 ! top ( ?is1 & ov] x put a s\nd & closely-fitt+ "o4 ,fruit cut op5 %\ld be ?r[n b5ea? ! l[] light4 ,! wasps (t5 g up ?r\gh ! hole1 & d n return4 ,_! buzz+ attracts o!rs4 ,de/roy by burn+ sulphur b5ea?1 or by dr[n+4 ,a glass de/roy] on a simil> pr9ciple is sold 9 *9a-%ops4 ,op5-m\!d bottles fill$ ) be] sweet5$ or wat] sweet5$ ) treacle w lure _m to de/ruction4 ,que5 wasps 9 spr+ & wasp-ne/s mu/ be notic$ & de/roy$4 ,fa/5 a piece ( clo? soak$ 9 a solution ( cyanide ( potassium 7a small quantity dissolv$ 9 hot wat]71 & put x 9 ! ne/2 all ! wasps w be kill$4 ,dig out ! grubs4 ,?is is a deadly poison1 & %\ld be h&l$ only by an exp]t4 ,! emanation f ! solution mu/ n be brea!d4 ,t> does almo/ z well4 ,a ne/ may be p>tly dug & flood$ at night4 ,a clean w9e bottle 7half-fill$ ) wat]7 ins]t$ 9 ! place ( ! ne/ 7! top ( ! neck level ) ! surface ( ! gr\nd7 w probably capture all /raggl]s4 ,"s make a heap ( injur$ fruit & syr+e ! wasps ) nicot9e soap1 eight ounces to a gallon ( hot or cold wat]4 ,?is plan kills quickly1 b ! fruit no long] attracts4 ,squibs a half-in* 9 diamet]1 ?ree in*es long1 made ( gunp[d] moi/5$ ) wat]1 "o-f\r? ( fl[]s ( sulphur add$1 mix$ into a pa/e1 wrapp$ 9 br[n pap]1 & ti$ at "o end1 are good = ! "w4 ,aft] d>k1 light ! squib1 pu% ! light$ end into ! hole1 put a sod ov]1 & ram x 9 to conf9e ! fumes4 ,9 a few m9utes dig up & de/roy ! grubs1 !n fill up ! hole4 ,if ! ne/ is high up1 atta* ! squib to a /ick1 light1 & keep x close 7:ile burn+7 to ! entrance4 ,"y g>d5]s enjoy ?is squibb+ process4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fan-,,%ap$ ,,pe> ,,tree1 ,,"o ,,ye> ,,aft] ,,graft+1 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,l5g? ,,( ,,result+ ,,%oots ,,?9n+ ,,fruit ,if y wi% = f9e fruit or a crop e ye>1 trees mu/ n be ov]work$1 especially 9 _! e>li] days4 ,?9 :5ev] !re is a l>ge crop1 b d n beg9 too soon1 z "s fruits are n fully f]tilis$1 & may fall4 ,nev] let fruits t\* ea* o!r4 ,z ! fruits mature1 give any grub-eat5 to ! pigs1 & use inf]ior pe>s = cook+ purposes4 ,grub-eat5 fruit mu/ n lie on ! gr\nd4 ,,summ]1 ,,w9t]1 ,,bran* ,,& ,,root ,,prun+2 ,,lift+ ,summ] prun+ re/s *iefly on ! pr9ciple t ! trees %\ld always be op5 m or less :ile 9 leaf to ! sun1 ! light1 & ! air4 ,s cut out at any "t bran*es t cr[d ! tree or ?reat5 to cross o!r b\ghs4 ,cut f bel[1 s z n to te> b>k away4 ,pe>s d n ble$ f be+ cut4 ,9 ,july1 :5 ! gr[+ "t is almo/ ov]1 cut back to six or sev5 leaves any /rong %oots spr++ f a ma9 bran*1 or 9 cordons1 f ! /em4 ,if !y %oot aga91 !y %\ld aga9 be /opp$4 ,9 late autumn or w9t] look ov] ! trees1 r$uce ! %oots to two or ?ree eyes1 tak+ c>e n to remove bloom buds4 ,e>ly 9 ! summ]1 & at any "t1 remove f ! trunk & b\ghs any %oots ?reat5+ to cr[d or %ade ! c5tre4 ,keep ! tree 7especially ! c5tre7 op5 to sun & light4 ,ev5 l>ge /&>ds are improv$ by summ] prun+4 ,tree-prun]s %\ld be us$ :]e ! %oots are out ( h&-rea*4 ,root prun+ is also ess5tial 9 /rong soils :]e trees are too rank 9 gr[? & produce wood r ?an fruit4 ,trees ( all k9ds may be root prun$ ) advantage 9 su* soils1 & also :]e ! l[] soil is bad4 ,op5 a tr5* #bj1 #cj or #dj in*es f ! /em 7accord+ to size ( tree7 until ! co>se roots are rea*$4 ,"o-?ird ! di/ance f ! /em t ! trees are 9 height is a rule sugge/$ by a rec5t writ]4#h ,cut back su* roots ) a %>p knife2 drive ! spade "u ! /em 7if possible7 to cut ! tap roots1 & any o!rs go+ d[nw>ds4 ,op5 a tr5* half r\nd "o ye>1 & if necess>y attack ! o!r half next ye>4 ,be c>eful n to prune too h>d at fir/1 or to injure ! fibres4 ,beg9 9 mid-,octob]4 ,if ! gr\nd bel[ is v dry1 give w>m or ra9 wat]4 ,fruit blooms w probably appe> next autumn4 ,if "y trees gr[ v luxuriantly1 !y may be lift$ at ! end ( ,octob] ) advantage4 ,cut ! tap root & replant at once4 ,exposure ( ! roots is dang]\s to vitality4 ,p]sons :o prune _! trees only 9 w9t] usually gr[ wood r ?an fruit4 ,,m>ket+ ,,& ,,pack+ ,m>ket+ dep5ds greatly on ! neighb\rhood4 ,col\r1 size & quality ensure a sale ev]y:]e1 b only a con/ant supply ( good fruit w attract retail deal]s or ! ,london salesm54 ,poor /uff w n sell at a good m>ket4 ,! e>ly fruits may be s5t 9 flats 7) tops7 l5t by ! salesm54 ,b ^! are (t5 lo/ & involve tr\ble & exp5se4 ,non-returnable boxes to conta9 half a bu%el or a bu%el are n[ 9 use1 b su* boxes are too l>ge = ! bett] fruits4 ,cali=nian pe>s come to u 9 good condition 9 boxes conta9+ ea* a few doz5 fruits1 ea* fruit be+ sep>ately pack$ 9 tissue pap]4 ,fr5* pe>s are also s5t 9 boxes ev5ly grad$ & pack$ 9 "o1 two1 or ?ree lay]s4 ,small boxes b\ght by ! gross are n de>4 ,! foll[+ li/ is tak5 f ,watson1 vol4 v4 p4 #cfi4 ,gross4 ,l5g?4 ,wid?4 ,dep?4 ,s4 ,d4 #aa- 94 #aj- 94 #g- 94 #cb #f #ae #f #g- #ca #f #ae #aa #g #ej #j #ae #ac #d #ec #f #af #h #d #bh #f --,,blacknell4 ,9 ! l>g] boxes1 /rong pap] %\ld be put r\nd inside to prev5t bruis+4 ,all fruit1 h[ev] s5t1 %\ld be ev5 9 size1 ( good quality1 n diseas$ or bruis$4 ,pe>s are m attractive :5 well pack$ ?an apples4 ,plac$ ) _! heads aga9/ ! two opposite sides 9 two r[s ) ! /ems t[>d ea* 9 a box ( suitable size1 !y may be made to fit closely s z to travel safely4 ,! bett] & lat] sorts %\ld be b$d$ 9 wood-wool & wrapp$ 9 tissue pap]1 :ite or col\r$1 ) a %eet ( pap] betwe5 ea* lay]1 & ! :ole firmly pack$4 ,loose fruit are sure to suff]4 ,! cont5ts ( ea* box mu/ be made s firm z n to be mov$ 9 ! slighte/ degree4 ,! ,g4,e4 & o!r railway companies provide *eap boxes ( a suitable size & all[ simil> boxes also to be us$ if nail$4 ,!y mu/ n be cord$4 ,wire h+es & a fa/5+ 9 front h be5 sugge/$4 ,nos4 #c1 #d & #e 7,g4,e4,r471 #bs4 #f;d41 #cs41 & #ds4 p] doz5 are ! be/ sizes4 ,!y w hold #ah to #bd fruits4 ,on ,g4,e4,r4 #bj lbs4 c be s5t = #d;d4 to ,london2 #a;d4 extra is *>g$ = e additional #e lbs42 deliv]y is includ$4 ,su* boxes c\ld be readily /amp$ ) ! gr[]'s "n4 ,! companies assi/ gr[]s by publi%+ ! names ( ^? :o h produce to sell4 ,,pe>s ,,9 ,,an ,,unheat$ ,,or*>d ,,h\se ,) skill & c>e pe>s may be successfully gr[n 9 an unheat$ or*>d h\se4 ,!y may h apples = _! companions1 b n *]ries1 pea*es1 plums or apricots4 ,! mo/ conv5i5t h\se is a span-ro( f #bj to #bd feet wide1 #aj to #ab feet high to ! ridge ( ! ro(1 & #d- to #f feet at ! sides4 ,v5tilators %\ld run r\nd ! sides #ah in*es wide1 & h+$ at bottom2 ! top v5tilators %\ld be #c feet wide by #ae in*es1 #g- feet ap>t1 on alt]nate sides ( ! ridge 7,mr ,t4 ,som]s ,riv]s1 9 ,royal ,horticultural ,j\rnal1 vol4 xxv41 p>ts i41 ii474 ,a good l5g? = ?is bread? is #ej to #fj feet4 ,a half-in* wire protection ov] ! v5tilators & an inn] wir$ door may be z necess>y 7z a protection aga9/ birds71 z x is = *]ries4 ,!re %\ld be a pa? made h>d ) clay & gravel ?r\gh ! c5tre4 ,"s advise a concrete floor2 o!rs pref] to plunge _! pots inside z well z out4 ,a lean-to h\se f #f to #i feet wide aga9/ a s\? wall may be ( great s]vice4 ,cordons c be gr[n on ! wall1 or plant$ outside & tra9$ indoors1 l v9es1 ne> ! glass4 ,trees 9 pots c also be plac$ !re4 ,) ei!r h\se1 "s gr\nd to :i* ! trees 9 pots c be remov$ :5 all dang] f fro/ is ov] is requir$4 ,x %\ld be w>m & well %elt]$4 ,maid5 plants may be put into #h or #aj-;in* pots 9 ,septemb]1 & cut back lat] on1 b "t is sav$ by pur*as+ old] trees ( nurs]ym52 #ae to #ah-;in* pots w be ne$$ 9 a few ye>s4 ,if !re is a concrete floor1 ! pots mu/ be rais$ on bricks1 t surplus wat] may pass (f4 ,if ! pots are plung$1 c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! wat] c run away4 ,9 ,june take !m into ! op5 air1 plunge !m 9 ! gr\nd )9 ?ree in*es ( ! rim1 to keep !m w>m & moi/1 & to protect ! trees f ! w9d4 ,aft] ! fruit is ga!r$1 ! trees %\ld z a rule be repott$4 ,prep>e a fre% pot ) brok5 fl9ts1 etc41 at ! bottom1 place a piece ( turf on !m1 next a h&ful ( soot1 & "s f9e soil on t4 ,h ready "s new soil made *iefly ( good turfy loam1 to :i* old mort> rubbi% or road scrap+s1 wood a%es1 guano1 & bone-du/ h previ\sly be5 add$4 ,! :ole %\ld be well mix$4 ,!n take ! tree out ) a ball ( e>?1 remove ! soil all r\nd ! ball ) a po9t$ /ick1 %ort5 ! rootlets ar\nd1 & cut any co>se roots away ) %>p prun+ scissors4 ,place ! topmo/ roots an in* & a half bel[ ! rim1 !n %ake ?is compo/ among ! roots1 f9ally ramm+ ! soil h>d d[n into ! pot4 ,9 two or ?ree days soak ! ball ) ra9 or w>m wat]4 ,! trees are bett] 9 ! h\se until re-e/abli%$4 ,spr9kle ! leaves daily ) s(t wat]4 ,close & keep ! h\se moi/4 ,! pots c !n be tak5 out & plung$ once m4 ,! h\se w probably be want$4 ,!y mu/ be c>efully protect$ 9 sev]e wea!r2 place a%es1 e>?1 or manure ar\nd !m4 ,ano!r plan is to lay ! pots on ! gr\nd & cov] !m ) mats4 ,take !m back to ! h\se be=e ! buds beg9 to move4 ,%ape ! trees 9 w9t]1 & summ] prune z may be necess>y4 ,!y require syr++ z well z ri* fe$+ :5 c>ry+ a crop4 ,a mixture ( p\ltry dropp+s or night soil 7half a b>r[ful7 add$ to ! same am\nt ( sift$ soil & ( wood a%es1 ) a peck ( soot & a peck ( bone du/1 all made into a compo/ a few days be=e use1 is a /rong surface-dress+4 ,a lay] half an in* ?ick :5 ! fruit is swell+ %\ld be giv5 two or ?ree times1 & be wat]$ d[n ) a f9e rose4 ,messrs ,buny>d recomm5d c[ manure mix$ ) malt comb+s1 & 7z an artificial7 sulphate ( ammonia4 ,liquid manure 7n /rong nor cold7 mu/ also be giv5 two or ?ree times a week4 ,! fruit mu/ be ?9n$1 & ! trees nev] ov]-cropp$4 ,l>ge trees 9 #af or #ah-;in* pots ne$ ! annual r5ewal ( ! soil r ?an repott+4 ,! fl[]s %\ld be f]tilis$ by ! admission ( bees1 by %ak+ ! trees 9 f9e wea!r ab\t mid-day1 or by pass+ a light bru% g5tly ov] ! blooms f fl[] to fl[]4 ,*ange ( diet z well z air1 & frequ5t syr++ ) cle> wat] 7say ,messrs ,buny>d7 are v necess>y 7,mod]n ,fruit ,culture1 p4 #bc74 ,b a dry atmosph]e is be/ :5 pe> & plum trees are 9 fl[]4 ,syr++ 9 ! op5 air is good = all trees 9 dry wea!r aft] ! fruit has set4 ,! foll[+ is a good wa% to be appli$ :5 ! trees are br\ght into ! h\se 9 ,janu>y or ,febru>y4 ,put a peck ( fre% soot into a co>se sack1 & hang x 9 a tub conta9+ #cj or #dj gallons ( wat]2 leave x !re = eight or t5 days2 !n remove x & ?r[ 9 half a peck ( fre% lime4 ,mix well1 !n take (f ! surface scum4 ,a decoction ( quassia made by boil+ #b or #c ozs4 ( *ips to a gallon ( wat] = tw5ty-five or ?irty m9utes 7or /eep$ 9 s(t wat] = tw5ty-f\r h\rs7 add$ to ! above is a useful insecticide4 ,syr+e ) ?is be=e ! buds appe>1 b n aga9 until ! fruit is set1 !n once a week1 or (t5]1 z occasion may require4 ,n4 ,b4--,nev] repot until y h le>nt t ! ball & roots ( ! tree are ?or\ghly moi/4 ,soak ! ball1 if necess>y1 = tw5ty m9utes4 ,9 surface-dress+ leave a space ne> ! tree op51 t y may see :at wat] is want$4 ,nev] give /rong liquid manure4 ,z sev]e fro/s & dull wea!r sometimes occur 9 ,m>* :5 ! trees are 9 bloom1 "s hot-wat] pipes 7two r[s ( #d-;in*7 may be add$ if means all[4 ,a span-ro( h\se %\ld run nor? & s\?4 ,only ! *oice/ sorts %\ld be deem$ wor?y ( a h\se1 su* z ,bon ,*rti51 ,s\v5ir du ,congrs1 ,b4 ,br[n1 ,b4 ,sup]f91 ,l\ise ,bonne1 ,b4 ,h>dy1 ,m>*al de la ,c\r1 ,m>ie ,l\ise1 ,d4 du ,comice1 ,joseph9e de ,mal9es1 ,w9t] ,nelis1 ,passe ,crassanne1 ,b]gamotte ,esp]51 & o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,espali] ,,tra9$ ,,tree ,,cut ,,back ,,= ,,graft+--,,! ,,grafts ,,ins]t$ ,,& ,,clay$ ,,ov] ,,old ,,/&>ds ,old ,/&>ds t h ceas$ to produce good fruit %\ld be cut d[n to )9 a few feet ( ! /em4 ,! "y wood w soon be> bett] quality4 ,! trunk %\ld be well clean$ & wa%$4 ,,irrigation ,:]ev] possible1 irrigation %\ld be appli$ 9 dry wea!r4 ,an a]o-motor pump or eng9e ( "s k9d may raise ! wat] to a tank4 ,x %\ld be all[$ to run ov] ! gr\nd = "s di/ance to be w>m$ & a]at$4 ,apply 9 /rong soil only :5 ! gr[+ season is ov]4 ,,labels ,labels add greatly to ! int]e/ & pleasure ( a g>d54 ,acme labels are popul>4 ,^? s5t out by ,john ,smi?1 ,label ,factory1 ,/rat=d-on-,avon1 are also good4 ,!y may be atta*$ by 8 copp] wire1 b ^? ( ! =m ( ! rose labels ) ! "n affix$ at ! top ( a long spike are less likely to be lo/4 ,,am]ican ,,pe>s ,! *ief pe> 9 ! ,/ates is ! ,b>tlett1 correspond+ ) our ,bon ,*rti54 ,a s*oolma/] nam$ ,:eel]1 ( ,ald]ma/on 7,b]ks71 rais$ x ab\t #aggj4 ,a nurs]yman nam$ ,williams br\ght x out4 ,9 #agii "o ,eno* ,b>tlett1 ( ,dor*e/]1 ne> ,bo/on 7,u4,s471 introduc$ x into ,am]ica1 & n[ x is cultivat$ s widely t x is on sale = ?ree or f\r mon?s 9 ! ye>1 & export$ also to ,engl&4 ,seckle1 a good ,octob] pe>1 b small1 we h f ! ,/ates2 ! orig9al tree is said to be ne> ,philadelphia1 ab\t #ajj ye>s old4 ,clapp's ,fav\rite 7,augu/7 comes f ,dor*e/]1 ,massa*usetts2 ,dana's ,hovey1 a v]itable sweetmeat 7,novemb] & ,janu>y71 also comes f ! same ,/ate4 ,x is sometimes call$ ,w9t] ,seckle4 ,mo/ ( our good sorts are gr[n 9 ! ,u4,s41 & ,cali=nian pe>s are n[ com+ to u 9 great quantities4 ,!y are s5t 9 wood5 boxes1 prop]ly grad$ & pack$4 ,e fruit is 9 pap]1 ) ! "n ( ! gr[] on x1 & ! "n ( ! v>iety on ea* box4 ,! excell5t quality & c>eful pack+ ensure a good dem& at a high price4 ,good ,am]ican sorts are ,lawson or ,comet1 ,block's ,acme1 ,sug> ,pe>1 ,bloodgood1 & o!rs4 ,our gr[]s may le>n a useful lesson f ,cali=nian pe>s 9 ! ,london m>ket4 ,,notes ,,on ,,v>ieties ,emile d',hey/ is said to be equal to ,m>ie ,l\ise 9 quality1 to be h>di]1 & to be a bett] be>]4 ,x is n a gr& gr[] on ! ,qu9ce1 nor does ! fruit keep long 7,octob]1 ,novemb]74 ,al?orp ,crassanne is (t5 a fir/-rate pe>4 ,mr ,knight 7v em95t a c5tury ago7 call$ x ! be/ ( all4 ,x la/s f ,octob] to ,decemb]4 ,! tree is h>dy1 & a good be>]1 b ! fruit is h>dly l>ge en\gh = exhibition4 ,brockwor? ,p>k1 almo/ id5tical ) ,bonne d',eze1 0 once a pe> ( great repute1 be+ l>ge & %[y1 b ! fle% is co>se 7,novemb]74 ,b4 ,bosc is l>gely gr[n 9 ,k5t z a m>ket pe>4 ,x succe$s on a *alky1 w>m soil4 ,x is sometimes fir/ rate1 ,b>ron 7,octob]1 ,novemb]74 ,beurr ,mortillet 7new7 7,d4 ,g41 i4e4 ,d\ble ,graft$7 is a l>ge & h&some ,septemb] pe>2 ga!r be=e x is ripe4 ,conf]5ce 7,riv]s71 comp>atively new1 is l>ge1 h&some1 & a good be>]1 b n fir/ rate 7,novemb]74 ,fondante de ,?irriott1 or ,?iriot 7new71 gr[s & be>s freely1 fruit l>ge & good4 ,fir/ quality1 ,b>ron 7,novemb] & ,decemb]74 ,madame ,treyve is a good ,septemb] pe>1 r$ & yell[1 9 *alky soil4 ,x be>s freely1 b is n fir/ rate4 ,bon ,*rti5 %\ld be ga!r$ gradually be=e x is ripe1 & laid on ! %elves4 ,x is said t y mu/ sit up all night to eat x j at ! "r "t4 ,d4 du ,comice is reg>d$ z ! be/ all r\nd ,dess]t pe> gr[n4 ,m>ie ,l\ise is t5d] & unreliable4 ,?ompson's1 "s ?9k1 ! be/ = flav\r4 ,x is small]1 & be>s be/ on ! ,pe> ,/ock4 ,m>ie ,b5oi/ is recomm5d$ 9 _m li/s z a good late pe>1 b my exp]i5ce has n be5 fav\rable4 ,x is late & l>ge :5 x be>s4 ,g5]al ,todleb5 is l>ge & h&some1 b usually only fit = cook+ 7,octob] & ,novemb]74 ,pr9cess 7new7 is a late ,l\ise ,bonne1 l>ge & good2 ! tree be>s well4 ,beurr or ,doy5n ,/]kmans is a m$ium-siz$1 late pe> 7,decemb]1 ,janu>y1 ,febru>y71 flu%$ bright r$ on "o side2 second rate1 ,b>ron4 ,beurr de ,jonghe is a good ,*ri/mas ,pe>1 b a sl[ gr[]1 & ne$s a wall or or*>d h\se4 ,beurr ,ba*eli] is l>ge1 h&some1 a good be>]1 b q second rate 7,novemb]74 ,hacon's ,incomp>able is l>ge & h&some1 b second rate 7,novemb]74 ,swan's ,egg 0 a popul> pe> fifty ye>s ago = m>ket1 z ! tree is h>dy1 be>s well1 & ! fruit is good1 b r small 7,octob]74 ,noveau ,poiteau is a good exhibition pe>1 ( vigor\s gr[?1 & be>s well2 ! fruit is excell5t b does n keep well 7,novemb]74 ,pitma/on ,du*ess is an increas+ly popul> pe> = m>ket4 ,x is v l>ge1 & on a cordon (t5 h&some2 9 w>m seasons ( good quality1 gold5 yell[ :5 ripe4 ,bu% trees on ,qu9ce be> well 7,octob]1 ,novemb]74 ,du*esse d',ang\lme 0 a great fav\rite =m]ly1 ! tree gr[+ & be>+ well4 ,fruit (t5 v l>ge1 b co>se & gritty4 ,cross$ ) ,gl\ ,morceau x has giv5 u a *ild ,pitma/on sup]ior to ! p>5ts4 ,joseph9e de ,mal9es is pron\nc$ by ,mr ,b>ron to be always good4 ,h>dy1 & be>s well on ,qu9ce 7,janu>y-,april74 ,f\qu]ay is a l>ge1 good pe>1 an improv$ ,b4 ,ba*eli] 7,octob]74 ,b4 ,h>dy is a great fav\rite ) birds2 !y pref] & peck ! be/ fruit4 ,b4 ,alex&re ,lucas is l>ge & h&some2 pyri=m1 ! tree is a good gr[] 7,octob]1 ,novemb]74 ,triomphe de ,vi5ne is a l>ge & h&some ,septemb] pe> tree 7,d4 ,g471 gr[s & be>s well1 comp>atively new4 ,m>gu]ite ,m>illat1 a v l>ge1 h&some ,septemb] pe>1 be>s well3 comp>atively new4 ,mi*aelmas ,nelis is a new v>iety1 ( :i* a specim5 fruit has j be5 s5t me by ,messrs ,buny>d4 ,x is z delici\s z ! ,w9t] ,nelis pe> 7,decemb] & ,janu>y74 ,,receipts 7f ,cassell's ,diction>y ( ,cook]y1 slightly abridg$7 #a4 ,to bake ,pe>s4--,rub half-a-doz5 l>ge h>d pe>s ) a s(t clo?4 ,put !m on a butt]$ bak+ t9 into a sl[ ov51 & let !m bake g5tly = five or six h\rs4 ,:5 t5d]1 !y are done en\gh1 & are excell5t if eat5 ) sug>4 ,probably co/ #d;d4 ,suffici5t = ?ree or f\r p]sons4 #b4 ,ano!r way4--,p>e v smoo?ly a doz5 l>ge bak+ pe>s4 ,halve !m1 take out ! cores1 put !m side by side into a well-bright5$ block-t9 saucepan ) a closely fitt+ cov]4 ,p\r ov] z mu* cold wat] z w cov] !m1 add ! ?9 r9d ( a small lemon1 a tablespoonful ( /ra9$ lemon juice1 an in* ( /ick c9namon1 & fifte5 gra9s ( allspice4 ,put on cov]1 place ! di% 9 a g5tle ov51 let x rema9 until ! pe>s are t5d]1 add a little :ite w9e if lik$4 ,if su* a saucepan is us$1 no co*9eal w be ne$$4 ,"t to bake six h\rs4 ,probable co/ #as4 #h;d4 ,suffici5t = eight or t5 p]sons4 ,to ,pres]ve ,pe>s4--,ga!r ! pe>s be=e !y are q ripe1 p>e1 halve1 core & weigh !m1 put into a deep j>1 all[+ #c lbs4 ( sug> to e #d lbs4 ( pe>s1 & j en\gh wat] to moi/5 ! sug>1 & to keep ! fruit f burn+4 ,! /ra9$ juice & ?9ly-p>$ r9d ( a lemon & an in* ( :ole g+] may be put ) e #b lbs4 ( pe>s4 ,place ! j> 9 a saucepan ( boil+ wat]1 & let ! fruit /eam g5tly = six or sev5 h\rs4 ,turn x into j>s1 & at once fa/5 ^! d[n securely1 & /ore 9 a dry1 cool place4 ,two or ?ree drops ( co*9eal add$ to ! pe>s aft] !y are cook$ improve _! appe>ance4 ,pe>s pres]v$ ?us w n probably keep good m ?an ?ree or f\r mon?s4 ,probable co/ #h;d4 p] lb4 ,pe>s ,pres]v$1 ,r$4--,if 9 pres]v+ pe>s x is wi%$ to give a deep p9k t+e to ! fruit & syrup1 use a p]fectly bright block-t9 saucepan4 ,if ?is is n conv5i5t1 add ?ree or f\r drops ( co*9eal to ! syrup or a small proportion ( ,r$ ,currant or ,r$ ,gooseb]ry juice4 ,pe>s ,/ew$4--,p>e1 core1 & halve eight or t5 good-siz$ pe>s1 leav+ on ! /alks or n1 accord+ to ta/e2 put !m into a t9n$ saucepan1 ) #f ozs4 ( loaf sug>1 #f cloves1 #f :ole allspice1 ( a p9t ( wat]1 & a glassful ( port 7874 ,let !m boil z g5tly z possible until q s(t b n brok54 ,lift !m out1 put !m on a glass di%1 & :5 ! syrup is cold1 /ra9 x ov] !m4 ,"s cream or cu/>d add$ is a great improvem5t4 ,"t to /ew ! pe>s f two-&-a-half to ?ree h\rs4 ,probable co/ #as4 #d;d4 ,suffici5t = five or six p]sons4 ,= ,compte ( ,pe>s1 ,pe>s ,fro/$ & ,ic$1 ,pe>s ,pickl$1 & o!r su* receipts1 see same diction>y4 ,= ano!r me?od ( pres]v+1 see plums4 ,to ,pres]ve ,pe>s 7f an old au?or74--,p>e !m v ?9ly & simm] 9 a ?9 syrup2 let !m lie a day or two 9 ! syrup4 ,make ! syrup ri*]1 & simm] aga91 & repeat ?is process till !y are cle>2 !n dra9 & dry !m 9 ! sun or a cool ov5 a v little "t4 ,!y may be kept 9 syrup1 :i* makes !m m moi/ & ri*1 & dri$ z want$4 ,j>gonelles are said to be ! be/ = ?is purpose4 ,to ,bake ,pe>s4--,^! ne$ n be ( a f9e sort2 b "s ta/e bett] ?an o!rs1 & (t5 ^? t are lea/ fit to eat raw are be/ = bak+4 ,wipe1 b d n p>e1 & lay !m on t9 plates1 & bake 9 a sl[ ov54 ,:5 s(t en\gh to be> pressure1 flatt5 !m ) a silv] spoon4 ,:5 done ?or\gh1 put !m on a di%4 ,!y %\ld be bak$ ?ree or f\r times1 & v g5tly4 ,to ,/ew ,pe>s4--,p>e1 halve or qu>t] l>ge pe>s1 accord+ to _! size2 ?r[ !m into wat]1 z ! sk9 is tak5 (f1 be=e !y are divid$ to prev5t !m turn+ black4 ,pack !m r\nd a block t9 /ewpan1 & spr9kle z mu* sug> ov] z w make !m pretty sweet2 add lemon-peel1 a clove or two1 & "s allspice crack$2 j cov] !m ) wat]1 & add a little r$ w9e4 ,cov] !m close & /ew ?ree or f\r h\rs2 :5 t5d]1 take !m out1 & /ra9 ! liquor ov] !m4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,see ,*eal1 ,fruit ,culture1 p4 #h4 #b ,riv]s4 #c ,see an excell5t article on ,pe>s 9 new edition ( ,?ompson's ,g>d5]s' ,assi/ant1 by ,r4 ,l4 ,c4 #d ,see elaborate acc\nt 9 ! ,watson's ,g4's ,assi/ant1 vol4 iv4 p4 #aaf4 #e ,see ,m9iature ,fruit ,g>d51 p4 #fd4 #f ,see ,watson1 vol4 v41 ,/or+4 #g ,h$ge-sp>r[ small]1 dull] 9 col\r1 eggs blui% gre51 builds 9 h$ges2 h\se-sp>r[1 eggs :ite1 ) br[n spots1 ne/s 9 trees & build+s4 #h ,john ,wright1 ,pr(itable ,fruit ,gr[+4 ,,plums ,,& ,,damsons ,:at is ! f9e/ fruit 9 ! _w8 ,! secret>y & ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,r4,h4,s4 79 vol4 xxvi41 p>ts ii4 & iii4 ( ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,r4,h4,s47 agree 9 ?9k+ t ,goldoni1 a yell[ nect>9e rais$ f a pea* by ! late ,francis ,riv]s is1 :5 prop]ly rip5$1 )\t exception1 ! f9e/ fruit 9 ! _w4 ,x has n be5 my privilege to ta/e x1 yet ,i v5ture to ?9k t a ?or\ghly rip5$ plum ( "o ( ! be/ v>ieties mu/ come ne> x4 ,! incessant dem& = gre5gages is a te/imony to ! popul>ity ( ! plum z a dess]t fruit4 ,next to ! apple1 x is ! mo/ useful ( our fruits4 ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,plum ,em95t botani/s are ( op9ion t our plums & damsons h _h _! orig9 9 ! ,prunus ,communis f\nd 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,europe & ,asia1 b o!rs consid] t ! ,prunus ,dome/ica is ! p>5t ( ! majority4 ,mr ,a4 ,h4 ,pe>son ( ,*ilwell1 ,nott4 7v4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,r4,h4,s41 vol4 xxi4 "p ii471 ?9ks t ! blood ( m ?an "o species is f\nd 9 ! plums ( ! pres5t day1 z v>ieties closely resembl+ "o ano!r dem& diff]5t /ocks = _! well-be+ :5 propagat$ by graft+4 ,! *]ry plum is ,prunus myrobalana1 & ( ?is species !re are sev]al v>ieties1 z ,/ ,eti5ne1 ,mirabelle ,prcoce1 i4e4 ! ,e>ly ,mirabelle1 ,mirabelle ,petite1 & o!rs4 ,riv]s' ,e>ly ,prolific is said to be ( ! same race4 ,! ,bullace is class$ by "s botani/s "u ! ,prunus ,in/ititia1 & !y place ! damson 9 ! same species1 b ! latt] is r\nd1 ! =m] oval4 ,! damson1 a small plum1 may be safely class$ ) ! ,prunus ,communis4 ,x d]ives its "n f ! city ( ,damascus4 ,damasc5a is ! ^w us$ 9 ,pl9y = ! di/rict r\nd ,damascus1 & damson orig9ally meant ! ,damascus plum4 ,! ,*9ese h = c5turies cultivat$ plums1 & 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates plums f ,japan are com+ rapidly into use1 & appe> to be m successful !re ?an 9 ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,we f9d ! ^w prunum1 a plum1 9 ,v]gil1 ,ovid1 ,m>tial1 & o!r ,roman writ]s4 ,prunus1 a plum tree1 is d]iv$ directly f ! ,greek2 prunus silve/ris1 9 ,columella & ,pl9y1 is suppos$ to mean ! black ?orn or sloe tree4 ,^! illu/rations prove t ! plum has be5 kn[n = ages1 & t its value is recognis$ 9 e "p ( ! _w4 ,our ^w plum is pla9ly d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 7probably ?r\gh ! ,anglo-,saxon71 & ! ^w prune is almo/ id5tical ) prunum4 ,,soil ,,& ,,situation ,! plum is n s p>ticul> z ! pe> ab\t soil1 yet x has its pref]5ces4 ,x is n s deep-root+ z ! apple & pe> are2 ! "* !re=e ( ! l[] soil is n s important4 ,b /one-fruits require lime4 ,9 plant+ = pr(it1 no site %\ld be select$ = a l>ge plantation if ! soil is defici5t 9 lime4 ,x is true t lime c be add$1 b ?is plan may suit a private g>d51 n a l>ge plantation = pr(it4 ,! plum be+ h>di] ?an ! pe> w fl\ri% 9 mo/ soils1 ev5 9 a heavy loam1 b n 9 light s&y or gravelly soil4 ,9 ! latt] case1 some?+ may be done by heavy manur+ & frequ5t removal4 ,! trees 9 ! ,r4,h4,s4's g>d5 at ,*iswick are a triumph ( skilful culture1 z good crops are rais$ on _m trees 9 a hot & gravelly soil4 ,"s damsons1 h[ev]1 d n ?rive !re4 ,b su* culture is co/ly4 ,9 soils ( an int]m$iate "*1 mu* may be done by add+ o!r mat]ials z sugge/$ = pe>s4 ,if !re is any d\bt ab\t ! am\nt ( lime 9 ! soil1 an analysis %\ld be obta9$1 & special notice tak5 ( ! trees 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,! plum 7l ! pe>7 w n ?rive 9 a l[1 wet1 undra9$ locality1 nor 9 "o t is v dry or expos$4 ,dra9age is ess5tial to success4 ,if1 9 a ra9y season1 wat] 9 a clay soil is all[$ to rema9 r\nd ! roots1 cank] or gumm+ is pretty sure to foll[4 ,excessive moi/ure is z bad z extreme dryness4 ,! slope ( ! gr\nd1 !re=e1 is a matt] ( importance4 ,9 ,essex !re is (t5 l& q level ) a heavy clay soil difficult to dra92 su* soil w\ld n suit plums1 ?\gh x might suit qu9ces4 ,! aspect z well z ! slope mu/ also be consid]$4 ,= ! bett] class ( plums1 i4e4 dess]t v>ieties1 :]e sweetness is expect$1 a position op5 to ! s\!rn sun is be/1 b !y w also ?rive if ! aspect is ,s4-,e4 or ev5 ,s4-,w4 ,cul9>y & h>dy v>ieties might be plant$ 9 ! cold] aspects to ! ,n41 ,n4-,e4 or ,n4-,w4 ,prop] %elt] mu/ by no means be =gott54 ,bitt] nor? w9ds may injure ! bloom almo/ z mu* z fro/ or ra92 /rong w9ds f ! ,e4 or ,s4-,w4 may d great damage to heavy crops4 ,mr ,lewis ,ca/le 9 ,plums = ,pr(it 7edit$ by myself1 ,s4,p4,c4,k47 sugge/s t ,canadian & ,italian popl>s make a good break if tall gr[]s are requir$1 b *]ry plums1 ! myrobalan1 w gr[ into a /rong h$ge 9 two or ?ree ye>s' "t if ! height be suffici5t4 ,damson h$ges s]ve a d\ble purpose & af=d good protection4 ,he also sugge/s t "s ( ! ornam5tal crabs are simil>ly useful = protection4 ,( ^! ! ,transc5dant & ,hyslop or ,d>tm\? produce good crops ( lovely fruit :i* are excell5t = cook+ purposes & w\ld probably sell well4 ,,propagation ,,& ,,/ocks ,! usual me?od ( propagation is by budd+ & graft+4 ,! /ocks on :i* ! diff]5t v>ieties are graft$ are rais$ f /ones4 ,mr ,pe>son /ates t six k9ds ( /ocks are us$ 9 ! be/ nurs]ies--i4e4 ! common plum1 ! ,brussels1 ! ,mussel1 ! ,brompton1 ! ,damas ,noir or ,/ ,juli51 & ! ,myrobalan4 ,! secret ( success is to "w ! /ock ) a v>iety :i* is ( common p>5tage4 ,ne>ly all plums w gr[ ^u ! common plum /ock1 ?\gh "s ( !m ?rive mu* bett] ^u o!r /ocks4 ,pr9ce ,engleb]t & ,diamond fl\ri% ^u ,mussel1 b n ^u ! ,brompton4 ,belgian ,purple w n gr[ ^u ei!r ,brussels or common plum1 b succe$s ^u ,damas ,noir1 ,mussel1 or ,myrobalan4 ,! accurate k requir$ po9ts to ! wisdom ( pur*as+ trees only f nurs]ym5 :o make su* trees a specialty4 ,! late ,ar*deacon ,lea 9 8 excell5t book ,small ,f>ms dwells /rongly on ! folly ( buy+ *eap /uff4 ,trees on unsuitable /ocks or n true to "n br+ bitt] disappo9tm5t aft] a few ye>s4 ,nev] pur*ase trees because !y are *eap4 ,visit ! nurs]ies1 & pick out trees ) clean heal?y b>k1 ev5 ?\gh !y are small] ?an o!rs4 ,if y _c g or s5d a reliable man1 write 9 good "t & get an e>ly *oice4 ,select & accept only "y trees n m ?an two or ?ree ye>s' old4 ,budd$ trees are bett] ?an ^? graft$1 z a g5]al rule1 ! union be+ bett]2 inde$ graft+ is usually adopt$ because budd+ has fail$4 ,9 trees t h be5 budd$1 !re w probably be less gumm+4 ,,plant+ ,plant+ is a matt] ( supreme importance1 b ! rules = pe>s & plums are v mu* ! same4 ,especial c>e mu/ be tak5 if ! soil is heavy & load$ ) moi/ure4 ,put ! trees on arrival 9 a tr5* 7see be=e71 & wait until ! gr\nd is fit & ! soil z f9e z possible s t ! roots may run freely ?r\gh x4 ,get ! /akes ready & place !m 9 position be=e plant+4 ,b9d ! tree1 if tall1 at once :5 plant$ to ! /ake by s(t will[ twigs or o!r means1 tak+ e c>e t ! b>k is n rubb$ by ! /ake4 ,old clo? or c>pet may be us$ = ?is purpose1 t>r$ tw9e or cord be+ pass$ r\nd x4 ,dry /akes well t>r$1 (t5 la/ z long z !y are ne$$4 ,,:at ,,is ,,y\r ,,object8 ,:at is y\r object8 ,be=e *oos+ v>ieties1 or plant+1 x is advisable to ask y\rself1 :at is my object8 ,on ! answ] ! =m ( plantation & ! *oice ( trees mu/ dep5d4 ,if = a private h\se only1 ! answ] is easy4 ,!n comes ! "q1 ,is !re a wall1 & if s1 :at is ! soil & ! aspect8 ,is !re an ,or*>d ,h\se8 ,if = m>ket1 = :at m>ket are y prep>+8 ,9 ! ,midl&s1 ! ,p]%ore 7 ,gisborne's7 is a great fav\rite2 9 ,london1 ! ,e>ly ,orleans & ! ,egg ,plum2 9 ! ,nor?1 ! ,black ,diamond1 ! ,wydale & o!rs4 ,9 plant+ damsons ! same "q %\ld be put4 ,! ,midl& p won't h ! ,f>leigh ,prolific s popul> 9 ,k5t1 & !y are "r2 ! ,%rop%ire folks ?9k _! damson ! be/ ( all & _m agree ) !m4 ,are y ne> a jam factory8 ,:at plums d !y desire or require8 ,local circum/ances & wants %\ld h great weight4 ,if y are ne> a wood & birds are num]\s1 y may be wise 9 n gr[+ gre5gages1 yet o!rwise !y may be ! be/ sort = a l>ge outlay z ! dem& = !m is univ]sal4 ,,plums ,,= ,a ,,private ,,g>d5 ,let u suppose t ! soil is fairly good2 ! *oice ( trees is n difficult4 ,we h a selection made 9 #ahib by a committee ( ! ,r4,h4,s41 consi/+ ( =ty exp]ts1 & _! *oice has be5 confirm$ 9 a rem>kable degree by a report ( ! trial ( plums at ! ,*iswick ,g>d5 ( ! ,r4,h4,s4 9 #aija4 ,at ?is trial on a soil t 9 a good ye> is said to suit !m g5]ally1 n9ety-five v>ieties 7 te/$1 & a good acc\nt 0 giv5 ( ! foll[+ t53-- ,plums = ,eat+4 ,riv]s' ,e>ly ,transp>5t ,gage4--,gre5 or gre5i% yell[1 flu%$ ) r$1 ! f9e/ e>ly dess]t plum1 a good cropp]1 habit bu%y1 compact1 vigor\s4--,r4#i ,augu/ #ba4 ,d5ni/\n's ,sup]b ,gage4--,gre5 & ( gre5gage flav\r1 a fir/-rate dess]t v>iety1 ( exquisite flav\r1 cropp+ well z a bu% tree 9 ! op5 air1 habit erect1 compact1 vigor\s4--,r4 ,augu/ #bf4 ,jeff]son's4--,fruit l>g] ?an ! two =m]1 yell[1 cov]$ ) small r$ dots1 habit erect1 compact1 v vigor\s1 ! be/ 'all r\nd' table k9d1 succe$s 9 e =m4--,r4 ,septemb] #f4 ,9 ! li/ ( #ahib ,belgian ,purple 0 nam$ z a plum = eat+1 b x is only fit = ! table 9 w>m seasons1 d>k purple1 ( m$ium size1 be>s well1 habit erect1 compact1 vigor\s4--,r4 ,augu/ #ai4 ,plums = ,cook+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plum--,,riv]s' ,,e>ly ,,prolific ,riv]s' ,e>ly ,prolific1 a d>k purple fruit1 r small b "o :i* comes 9 e>ly s t x is (t5 fir/ 9 ! m>ket2 ?us ! tree has "t to re/ & recov] be=e w9t]4 ,a v e>ly & valuable cook+ plum2 ( fair quality = dess]t1 a great & con/ant be>]4 ,! tree does n ?rive ev]y:]e1 nor is x v vigor\s4--,r4 ,july #bc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plum--,,cz> ,riv]s' ,cz>4--,d>k r$ or purple1 ( m$ium size1 v good be>]1 habit erect1 compact1 vigor\s4--,r4 ,augu/ #b4 ,victoria1 ,fruit l>ge & bright r$1 v heavy cropp]1 ! mo/ popul> plum & be/ = g5]al purposes4--,r4 ,augu/ #bb4 ,cox's ,emp]or1 or ,d5bigh1 or ,d5bigh ,se$l+1 a l>ge d>k r$ ( ! ,orleans type1 habit erect1 compact1 vigor\s1 a v good free be>+ plum t always cooks well4--,r4 ,augu/ #bb4 ,gisborne's 7l ,p]%ore71 ,fruit deep yell[1 r l>ge1 habit erect1 compact1 vigor\s1 a great be>]4--,e>ly ,septemb]4 ,riv]s' ,mon>*1 ,fruit l>ge1 blui%-purple1 ! be/ late ,c4 7,cook+7 plum1 habit r diffuse & vigor\s4--,r4 ,septemb] #ac4 ,^! t5 v>ieties h borne ! te/ ( "t1 & won approval f ! ,r4,h4,s4 9 #ahib & #aija4 ,! descriptions are ^? ( ! ,r4,h4,s4 ,mr ,lewis ,ca/le omits ,cox's ,emp]or & adds2-- ,e>ly ,orleans1 m$ium size1 r$di% purple1 good be>] & good ,c4 v>iety1 habit diffuse & mod]ately vigor\s4--,r4 ,augu/ #b4 ,gre5gage4--,if ?is is plant$1 *oose ,july gre5gage1 r l>ge = a gre5gage1 habit erect1 compact1 vigor\s1 bett] be>] ?an old ,g41 f9e-flav\r$ ,dess]t plum4--,r4 ,augu/ #g4 ,diamond1 v l>ge1 blue-black1 v heavy cropp]1 habit bu%y1 compact1 vigor\s1 good ,c4 plum4--,r4 ,augu/ #bc4 ,pond's ,se$l+1 ,fruit v l>ge1 deep r$1 habit bu%y1 compact1 vigor\s1 r late1 free be>+ ,c4 plum4--,r4 ,septemb] #g4 ,pr9ce ,engleb]t1 ,r l>ge1 d>k purple1 habit erect1 compact1 vigor\s1 reliable ,c4 plum4--,r4 ,augu/ #ac4 ,coe's ,gold5 ,drop1 ,fruit l>ge1 pale yell[1 habit bu%y1 compact1 vigor\s1 a delici\s late ,d4 plum1 an indiff]5t be>] on bu% trees1 mo/ reliable on walls4--,r4 ,septemb] #ac4 ,^! rem>ks are bas$ on ! ,report ( trials at ,*iswick 9 #aija4 ,if "o plum only is want$1 *oose ,victoria1 if ?ree1 ,e>ly ,prolific1 ,victoria & ,mon>*2 to ^! ,d5ni/\n's ,sup]b & ,jeff]son might be add$ = dess]t if five are desir$4 ,all ^! v>ieties may be plant$ z ,/&>ds1 b are bett] z half-/&>ds or bu%es4 ,if z cordons !y mu/ be two feet or m ap>t1 & lift$ ab\t once 9 ?ree ye>s4 ,!re is no dw>f+ plum /ock l ! p>adise = apples or ! qu9ce = pe>s4 ,if ! dess]t v>ieties are on walls1 special att5tion mu/ be giv5 to prun+ & to root-prun+4 ,! gr[? ( co>se ?ick /ems & bran*es is (t5 fatal to ! prospect ( good crops4 ,,prun+ ,,& ,,tra9+ ,plums z a rule d n ne$ nor w !y be> z mu* close prun+ z pe>s & apples4 ,b !y ne$ special att5tion 9 e>ly life4 ,,/&>ds4--,^! mu/ be plant$1 :5 o!r crops are to be gr[n b5ea?4 ,qu9cunx fa%ion is ! be/4 ,! r[s1 z a rule1 %\ld be #bd feet ap>t1 & ! trees 9 ea* r[ ab\t #bj feet4 ,plums d n %ade z mu* z apples & pe>s1 yet x is always wise to avoid ov]cr[d+4 ,"s sorts are n z spread+ or z vigor\s z o!rs4 ,weak gr[]s l ! ,e>ly ,prolific might be plac$ betwe5 ,jeff]son & ,mon>*4 ,good trees 9 six or sev5 ye>s %\ld br+ good returns1 b ! int]m$iate space may mean:ile be utilis$ = /rawb]ries1 gooseb]ries1 & s on4 ,/&>ds %\ld be #f feet high or m4 ,aft] plant+1 cut back ! %oots to ab\t "o-?ird ( _! l5g?1 ! weake/ /ill m1 to promote vigor\s gr[?1 & cut j above an out] eye4 ,keep ! c5tre op54 ,9 lat] ye>s /op gross or robb] %oots 9 ,june1 clipp+ "s leaves ( ! latt]1 if necess>y4 ,nev] all[ b\ghs to cross1 & keep all ! tree fairly op54 ,:5 ! tree beg9s to be>1 little prun+ is necess>y4 ,b /opp+ luxuriant %oots ab\t midsumm] is good = ! o!r bran*es1 & = ! production ( fruit buds be=e w9t]4 ,complete prun+ e>ly 9 ,augu/4 ,9 w9t] cut out dead wood1 & %ort5 b\ghs :]ev] fre% wood is requir$4 ,! wood ( ! ,victoria plum is v brittle1 & requires special treatm5t4 ,%ort5 ! /rong gr[+ luxuriant bran*es ( ?is v>iety 9 ,july2 o!rwise lat] on !y w break :5 load$ ) fruit4 ,messrs ,buny>d's *oice ( six = m>ket /&>ds is3 ,riv]s' ,e>ly ,prolific1 ,cz>1 ,e>ly ,orleans1 ,victoria1 ,pond's ,se$l+1 ,riv]s' ,mon>*4 ,,half ,,/&>ds 7#c- feet to #d feet high7 are bett]1 & m manageable4 ,plant$ #ab feet ap>t1 gooseb]ries1 etc41 may be plac$ ar\nd !m2 o!rwise !y may be ne>]1 ev5 up to #f or #h feet4 ,^! %\ld be prun$ 9 ,augu/ unless /rong %oots require p9*+ back4 ,/op new side %oots at ! six? leaf to produce fruit-buds4 ,avoid excess4 ,w\nds made 9 ,augu/ h a bett] *ance ( heal+ :ile ! sap is /ill active4 ,pyramids are n z useful z bu%es2 ! =m] require a c5tral /em & special tra9+4 ,,9 ,,bu%es1 keep ! tree op51 /op /rong %oots at midsumm]1 prune new 7side7 %oots back to six leaves ab\t mid-,augu/1 & take out wood t is n want$1 admitt+ ! sun & air4 ,9 w9t] cut back any b\ghs :]e fre% %oots are want$ to a wood bud at an out] eye4 ,,trees ,,on ,,walls4--,plums are usually put on ea/ walls1 b ! be/ repay a s\? z well z a we/ aspect4 ,!y require & repay c>e & skill 9 tra9+4 ,if ! wall is l[1 ! horizontal =m is be/4 ,! bran*es %\ld be tak5 sev]al in*es bel[ ! l9e along :i* !y are to be tra9$1 & n at "r angles2 ! sap w fl[ bett]1 & ! t5d5cy ( bran*es to die (f w be less5$4 ,! fir/ bran* %\ld be #a foot f ! gr\nd1 ! re/ #i in*es ap>t4 ,co>se /ems & bran*es mu/ be avoid$ by mod]ate root-prun+4 ,! wood mu/ be kept ne> ! wall1 t wood & fruit may be bett] rip5$4 ,! fan sy/em is bett] = a high wall4 ,tra9 %oots on ! tree f ! nurs]y 9 regul> ord] at equal int]vals1 cutt+ back only to ripe wood4 ,pick (f gr[?s on ! side next ! wall1 & o!rs badly plac$4 ,lay 9 new wood e ye>1 & 9 ,augu/ or ,e>ly ,septemb] cut out unsightly bran*es or spurs if !re is o!r wood to replace !m4 ,prune upp] "p ( tree fir/1 & enc\rage foliage & fruit spurs ov] e "p4 ,/op /rong gr[+ bran*es at midsumm]1 & p9* back side %oots to six leaves ab\t mid-,augu/4 ,fruit buds w foll[4 ,wire on ! wall %\ld be #a- in* out1 ) an int]val ( #a foot betwe5 ea* wire4 ,,manures ,! abs5ce ( moi/ure & ! consequ5t exhau/ion h a s]i\s effect on plums1 & %\ld nev] be all[$4 ,mul* newly-plant$ trees 9 light or poor soil2 give liquid manure or irrigate 9 dry wea!r4 ,%\ld ! crops be heavy1 & ! soil at all defici5t 9 lime1 ! defici5cy %\ld be made up by scatt]+ lime "s di/ance ar\nd ! /ems & work+ x g5tly 94 ,an annual dress+ ( decay$ vegetable matt]1 old manure & lime-rubbi%1 laid ab\t a y>d r\nd ! /ems1 produces v satisfactory results 7,plums = pr(it74 ,supply ?is 9 ,novemb]4 ,! artificials recomm5d$ by ,r4,h4,s4 = pe>s are also good = plums4 ,dr ,griffi?s recomm5ds c[ dung & a mix$ manure1 compos$ ( #e p>ts ( ka9it1 #a "p ( magnesium sulphate1 #b p>ts ( sup]phosphate2 #g lbs4 ( ! mixture to be appli$ to ea* tree 9 autumn1 two m p\nds 9 ! spr+4 ,e/abli%$ trees 9 full heal? ne$ no aid 9 an ord9>y season if !y c>ry no crop4 ,damsons %\ld be f$ z well z plums4 ,,?9n+ mu/ be c>ri$ out sev]ely if ! crop is ?ick4 ,9 a good plum season1 only v f9e & fir/-rate fruits fet* a good price1 & ^! c only be obta9$ by ?9n+ ! fruit & fe$+ ! trees4 ,an annual crop 7if fro/ does n int]f]e7 may !n be expect$4 ,half ! crop 9 "s ye>s %\ld be tak5 (f long be=e ! fruit is ripe4 ,! jam-mak]s utilise gre5 & half-ripe plums4 ,,gages ,^! are dess]t plums1 "s ( ! highe/ excell5ce1 b !y usually require a wall or ! be/ soil & situation4 ,! dem& = !m is v great4 ,pres]v$ ) prop] c>e1 !y la/ until plums come aga91 & (t5 fet* a high] price ?an ! r$ or d>k plums4 ,! foll[+ are ! five be/3-- #a4 ,july ,gre5gage 7see be=e7 e>ly 9 ,augu/4 #b4 ,d5ni/\n's ,sup]b 7see be=e7 mid-,augu/4 #c4 ,e>ly ,transp>5t 7see be=e7 end ( ,augu/4 #d4 ,re9e ,claude ,comte d',al?ann1 briefly ,comte d',al?ann1 a comp>atively new plum f ,bohemia4 ,fir/-class c]tificate ,r4,h4,s4 ,m$ium to l>ge1 greyi% gre51 deeply flu%$ & dott$ ) r$1 cov]$ ) a beautiful :ite bloom1 v heavy crop1 habit bu%y1 compact1 vigor\s1 rem>kably good dess]t plum1 succe$+ equally well z a wall tree1 bu%1 or /&>d1 rem>kably prolific4 ,r4,h4,s41 ,r4 ,augu/ #bb4 #e4 ,jeff]son 7see be=e74 #f4 ,if m are want$ ,m',laughl9's ,gage is r l>ge1 pale yell[1 flu%$ ) r$1 a good cropp]1 habit erect1 compact1 vigor\s1 "o ( ! f9e/ dess]t plums4 ,r4 ,augu/ #ag4 #g4 ,gu?rie's ,late ,gre51 v good cropp]1 habit bu%y1 compact1 vigor\s1 a mo/ delici\s dess]t plum4 ,r4 ,augu/ #cj4 ,nos4 #b1 #e & #f are spl5did specim5s ( ,am]ican plums1 ,no4 #g is ,scot*1 nam$ aft] ! late ,mr ,gu?rie ( ,dundee4 ,! foll[+ are well kn[n b n s good 9 "s respects3 ,bryan/on ,gage1 ,oull9's ,gold5 ,gage1 ,gold5 ,transp>5t4 ,coe's ,gold5 ,drop has be5 describ$4 ,angel9a ,burdett is sometimes class$ ) ! gages4 ,x is d>k r$1 %ad$ ) purple1 a good cropp]1 habit bu%y & compact1 a delici\s dess]t v>iety t hangs well 9 ! trees = "s "t aft] x is ripe4 ,r4 ,augu/ #bb4 ,,m>ket ,,plums ,if a plant] pref]s to gr[ gages1 he mu/ protect 8 trees f bullf9*es & o!r birds4 ,! =m] (t5 c>ry (f ! buds 9 w9t]1 & ru9 all hopes ( a crop4 ,su* a plantation ne> a wood w\ld usually be a failure4 ,if ! trees are wa%$ 9 e>ly w9t] ) ,no4 ,,ii4 mixture1 ! buds w h "s protection4 ,lime %\ld be ?r[n ov] ! bran*es on a damp day4 ,! gun 9 _m cases mu/ be at "w f dawn to dusk4 ,! g>d5] mu/ le>n to di/+ui% betwe5 fri5d & foe4 ,mr ,lea's li/ 9 ,small ,f>ms 9 ! ,midl&s is z foll[s3 ,e>ly ,prolific1 ,victoria1 ,black ,diamond 7! wood is rem>kably t\gh71 ,pond's ,se$l+ 7tol]ably t\gh71 ,p]%ore ,egg ,plum1 i4e4 ,gisborne 7h>die/ ( all plums1 sure/ cropp]1 comes e>ly into be>+1 ! wood t\gh1 & ?\gh ! price is l[1 pays well74 ,he also m5tions ,pr9ce ,engleb]t & ,jemmy ,moore 7alias ,cox's ,emp]or1 alias ,d5bigh71 b wisely adds1 ^! come 9 ab\t ! same "t z ,victoria1 :5 !re is a glut4 ,e>ly or late v>ieties usually sell be/4 ,a new v>iety1 ,bitt]n1 rais$ 7z s _m v>ieties h be57 at ,sawbridgewor?1 by ! late ,francis ,riv]s1 seems well wor? try+3 ,fruit r l>ge1 deep purple1 v heavy crop1 habit bu%y1 compact1 vigor\s1 excell5t e>ly free-be>+ v>iety4 ,r4 ,augu/ #b4 ,curlew is ano!r e>ly free-cropp+ purple plum1 habit erect1 vigor\s1 also rais$ by ,francis ,riv]s4 ,mon>* is a late1 good1 & v saleable plum4 ,x is said t #ge p] c5t4 or m ( ! plums plant$ 9 rec5t ye>s h be5 ,victorias4 ,plant]s %\ld avoid ! ,victoria glut4 ,pond's ,se$l+1 r$ & v l>ge1 com+ 9 aft] ,victoria1 (t5 sells well4 ,put up 9 a small basket x is invit+1 & sells = an eat+ ?\gh prop]ly a cook+ plum4 ,e>ly ,prolific is also l>gely plant$1 b does n suit all soils4 ,! :ite ,magnum ,bonum or egg plum 7v l>ge71 good = cook+ & pres]v+1 sells well 9 ,london1 b ne$s a /rong soil4 ,x is an e>ly ,septemb] fruit4 ,wy$ale is popul> 9 ,york%ire1 valuable = its lat5ess1 & = keep+ s\nd on ! trees :5 ripe2 its habit is diffuse1 size r small1 a good cropp]4 ,mr ,pe>son names ,golia?1 a l>ge r$di% purple plum1 a good cropp]1 habit diffuse & vigor\s1 a v useful cook+ plum4 ,r4 ,septemb] #g4 ,at ! ,plum ,congress held at ,ed9burgh 9 ,septemb] #ahhi an election ( sorts 0 made ) ! foll[+ result3-- ,dess]t ,plums ,votes4 ,jeff]son #gb ,coe's ,gold5 ,drop #fi ,gre5 ,gage #eg ,kirke's #eg ,e>ly ,transp>5t #be ,oull9's ,gold5 ,gage #af ,re9e ,claude de ,bavay #ad ,cul9>y ,votes4 ,victoria #gd ,pond's ,se$l+ #ed ,:ite ,magnum ,bonum #eb ,e>ly ,prolific #dj ,golia? #ca ,e>ly ,orleans #bg ,! fri5d :o s5t me ?is li/ rem>ks3 ,new] plums sup]s$e "s ( ^!4 ,cz> does n crack ) ! wet z ,orleans does4 ,i pref] ,diamond to ,golia?4 ,kirke's is bett] on a wall ?an 9 ! op54 ,! same may be said ( ,oull9's2 nei!r are gr& cropp]s4 ,re9e ,claude de ,bavay is a late gage1 ri*ly flav\r$1 b n a good cropp]4 ,,ga!r+1 ,,pack+1 ,,m>ket+ ,a /ep ladd] or a ,hea?man's comb9$ ladd] is be/ = ga!r+ z plum wood is (t5 brittle4 ,look ov] ! trees sev]al times & ga!r gradually4 ,fruit = home use %\ld n be ga!r$ until x is ripe1 b = m>ket x %\ld n be q ripe4 ,e>ly morn+ :5 ! fruit is cool is ! be/ "t4 ,dess]t fruits g5]ally %\ld be h&l$ z little z possible1 o!rwise ! bloom on !m & ! appe>ance are spoilt4 ,plums are (t5 s5t away 9 r\nd baskets1 or oblong flat baskets4 ,! =m] 9 ! ,london m>kets are t]m$ sieves or half-sieves4 ,a sieve holds sev5 imp]ial gallons2 ! diamet] is #ae in*es1 ! dep? #h in*es4 ,flat baskets ) lids protect ! fruit f injury4 ,/\t & /rong pap]1 above1 bel[ & ar\nd1 assi/ 9 sav+ x4 ,oblong baskets ) h&les & )\t a lid are us$ 9 ! ,midl&s & ! ,n4 ,!y are call$ pots1 & local inquiry z to weight %\ld be made4 ,/rong br[n pap] is useful on ! top4 ,! co/ p] ream is f #ajs4 to #bjs4 ,b non-returnable boxes are bett]4 ,! baskets are (t5 miss+ or lo/4 ,! sizes ( unplan$ boxes ) lids to be nail$ on are usually z foll[s3--#aj ,gross4 ,doz4 lbs4 ,l5g?4 ,wid?4 ,dep?4 s4 d4 s4 d4 #ad #aj- 94 #aj- 94 #f- 94 #bf #f #b #f #bh #bb #aj- #f- #df #j #d #b #db #bg #ae #h #hd #j #g #f --,,glov]4 ,*oice dess]t plums s5t 9 light boxes 7"o or two lay]s only 9 a box7 plac$ 9 wood-wool1 & ) tissue pap] cov]+ ! inside ( ! box1 & ly+ betwe5 ea* lay]1 (t5 sell well4 ,:ite pap]-lace 7su* z is us$ = honey sections7 sets (f good fruit1 & makes x m attractive4 ,p9k tissue pap] is (t5 us$ = light fruits4 ,! boxes %\ld be uni=m 9 size & quality ( fruit z f> z possible4 ,tissue pap] c be b\ght at #bs4 #f;d4 to #es4 or m a ream1 & %\ld n be grudg$4 ,! be/ wood-wool ranges f #ahs4 to #bes4 p] cwt4 ,a few visits to ,cov5t ,g>d51 ! be/ %ops1 & ! ,cry/al ,palace ,fruit ,%[s1 w n be "t or lab\r lo/4 ,plums & damsons = m>ket %\ld be ga!r$ & s5t be=e !y are q ripe2 if s(t & pulpy on arrival1 !y are valueless4 ,sort 9 size & quality z ev5 z possible3 keep back all inf]ior /uff4 ,only good produce1 well sort$ & prop]ly pack$1 plac$ on ! m>ket 9 good condition1 is likely to sell well4 ,=eign]s z well z neighb\rs compete = cu/om4 ,9 l>ge e/abli%m5ts a pack+ room ) e conv5i5ce close at h& is necess>y4#aa ,! m>ket-ag5t %\ld daily advise :at goods are ne$$4 ,,/or+ ,,& ,,keep+ ,plums1 z a rule1 d n rema9 good = any l5g? ( "t aft] be+ ga!r$4 ,!y w h[ev] la/ a week or two if laid out 9 a cool1 d>k1 well con/ruct$ place4 ,slate slabs assi/ to keep baskets & fruit cool4 ,"s ( ! late dess]t v>ieties ga!r$ be=e !y are q ripe1 wrapp$ 9 pap]1 w la/ 9 a dry place = a long p]iod4 ,dr ,hogg says t ,ickwor? ,impratrice1 a l>ge late dess]t v>iety1 if all[$ to rema9 on ! tree until x %rivels1 !n wrapt 9 silk pap] & plac$ 9 a dry %elf1 w la/ = _m weeks4 ,x is a ri*ly-flav\r$ plum4 ,! rem>k is probably true ( o!r late v>ieties2 e4g41 ! lovely ,gold5 ,transp>5t1 a delici\s plum gr[n aga9/ a wall1 b n a success 9 ! op5 7,r4 ,septemb] #ab71 or ,re9e ,claude de ,bavay1 :i* is late1 b a poor be>]4 ,! ,ickwor? ,impratrice 0 n te/$ by ! ,r4,h4,s41 & is n n[ (t5 gr[n4 ,gu?rie's late ,gre51 a mo/ delici\s dess]t plum & ! heavie/ cropp] "h 7i4e4 ,*iswick ,r4,h4,s47 ( all ! gages1 is probably "o ( ! be/ sorts = keep+ z describ$ above4 ,angel9a ,burdett 7see gages7 if all[$ to hang till x %rivels becomes a p]fect sweetmeat 7,hogg74 ,,insect ,,enemies #a4 ,,aphides are (t5 a great tr\ble4 ,!re are ?ree sorts or m1 "o call$ ! plum aphis4 ,!y attack 9 spr+ & cause ! leaves to curl up1 & s *eck gr[?4 ,/eep #d ozs4 ( quassia *ips 9 a gallon ( s(t wat] = tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,dissolve #b ozs4 ( s(t soap 9 ?is mixture1 & add to ! infusion4 ,apply by a pa9t]'s bru%1 & c>efully wa% ! "u side ( ! leaves 7,riv]s74 ,on a l>g] scale3 ,boil #a lb4 ( *ips 9 a gallon ( wat] = tw5ty m9utes1 /ra9 (f ! *ips & add #ch gallons ( wat]4 ,put #a lb4 ( s(t soap 9 a gallon ( wat] until dissolv$1 !n add to ! re/4 ,apply by a syr+e or spray]4 ,:]e ! foliage is "y foll[ ! spray+ by syr++ half-an-h\r aft]w>ds 7,ca/le74 ,tobacco wat] made z foll[s is also a good rem$y3 ,p\r s(t boil+ wat] at ! rate #a gallon to #b ozs4 ( ! /ronge/ %ag tobacco1 all[ x to /& till cool4 ,its efficacy is increas$ by dissolv+ #b ozs4 ( s(t soap 9 ea* gallon at ! "t x is p\r$ on ! tobacco 7,wright74 ,?is mixture may be appli$ ) "s =ce by ! g>d5 eng9e4 ,! great po9t is to syr+e or pa9t ) "o ( ^! rem$ies z soon z ! evil is p]ceiv$4 #b4 ,,r$ ,,grub is (t5 v injuri\s4 ,! mo? measures ab\t in* across1 ! cat]pill>s are pale r$1 ) br[n neck & black head4 ,!y pi]ce & drop ) ! fruit1 seek %elt] 9 ! b>k1 :]e !y sp9 a cocoon & pass ! w9t]4 ,if ! trees h be5 scrap$1 !n wa%$ ) a mixture ( lime & soot1 p>aff9 & grease 7see ,no4 ,,iii4 pe>s71 or spray$ be=e ! buds op5 ) ,bordeaux mixture 7see ,no4 ,,ii471 & also aft]w>ds1 !y probably w n suff]4 ,lime & soot scatt]$ ov] ! gr\nd "u ! trees w also be useful4 ,if ! plums are attack$1 collect all fall5 fruits & %ake ! trees e morn+1 burn ! fruits affect$ or give !m to ! pigs4 #c4 ,! ,,plum ,,sawfly also attacks ! fruit1 lay+ an egg 9 ! calyx ( ea* fl[]4 ,! grub is :iti%1 ) br[n head4 ,x ent]s ! fruits1 fe$s on ! /one1 & causes !m to drop4 ,a spray+ ( ! modifi$ mixture ,no4 ,,ii4 aft] ! fruit has set w\ld be useful1 b z ! grub pupates 9 ! soil1 lime & soot w aga9 be s]viceable4 ,collect & de/roy fall5 fruit daily4 #d4 ,,r$ ,,spid]1 a sp9n+ mite1 is a great pe/ 9 dry summ]s4 ,x mu/ be *eck$ by ! free use ( ! syr+e or wat] eng9e z soon z se54 ,yell[ spots on ! leaves are a pro( ( its pres5ce4 ,mix #d gallons ( s(t soap solution ) lb4 ( fl[]s ( sulphur2 apply ) syr+e4 ,/rong soap-suds1 or ev5 cle> wat] =cibly giv5 are bett] ?an no?+4 ,,fungoid ,,attacks injure ! trees4 ,! ,bordeaux mixture 7,no4 ,,ii47 is ! be/ prev5tive & rem$y if !re are any signs ( fungus4 ,cut away all diseas$ twigs1 b\ghs & bran*es1 & burn !m4 ,fungus spores are scatt]$ by ! w9d & spread ! disease4 ,dr5* ! trunk & b>k 9 w9t] ) ?is mixture be=e ! buds swell4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to apply ! mixture 9 full /r5g? to t5d] leaves & buds4 ,= ! fungus mildew1 half an ounce ( sulphide ( potassium mix$ 9 a gallon ( wat] & appli$ by a syr+e is recomm5d$ 7,wright74 ,f9ely-p[d]$ quick-lime mix$ ) sulphur 7d\ble ! quantity ( ! =m]71 & di/ribut$ by a special bell[s 7see be=e1 page #ci71 is also said to be a good rem$y4 ,,or*>d ,,h\se ,= dim5sions see "u pe>s4 ,plums are be/ 9 pots or tubs1 z !y c be tak5 out :5 at re/4 ,!y are v liable to attacks f aphides1 b ! insecticide = pe>s 9 pots is good also = plums4 ,! h\se mu/ be fumigat$1 & ! trees syr+$ on ! lea/ appe>ance ( aphis4 ,place ! pots on bricks 7v4 pe>s74 ,:5 gr[? is be+ />t$ ! temp]ature %\ld be f #de at night to #ej by day4 ,s(t or tepid wat] %\ld be giv5 freely4 ,fumigate aga9 j be=e ! fl[]s come out4 ,z ! buds increase1 raise ! temp]ature #e to #aj & syr+e once or twice a day ) tepid wat]4 ,b a dry atmosph]e is important :ile ! trees are 9 fl[]4 ,admit air z well z bees 9 ! =5oon1 & pass a camel-hair or light bru% ov] ! fl[]s ab\t ! middle ( ! day4 ,:5 ! fruit is set1 syr+e at lea/ once a day2 if ! wea!r is hot1 twice or ev5 ?ree times a day1 & give all ! air possible4 ,?9 ! fruits 7if ! crop is l>ge7 ) scissors2 mul* & fe$ ) weak liquid manure 7see pe>s74 ,! %oots mu/ be p9*$ if ! trees are ( any age1 at ! fif? or six? leaf4 ,n mu* heat is ne$$ g5]ally1 b :5 ! /on+ p]iod is pass$1 ! rip5+ process may be ha/5$ by a high] temp]ature4 ,! h\se may be clos$ at an e>li] h\r if necess>y4 ,avoid extremes4 ,z ! fruits rip51 cease gradually to syr+e1 b keep ! h\se moi/ by spr9kl+ wat] ov] ! pa?s1 etc4 ,*oose ! *oice/ dess]t sorts3 ,e>ly ,transp>5t1 ,d5ni/\n's ,sup]b1 ,july ,gre5gage1 ,jeff]son1 ,c\nt ,al?ann1 ,coe's ,gold5 ,drop1 ,gu?rie's ,late ,gre51 ,angel9a ,burdett1 ,bryan/one ,gage1 & ,gold5 ,transp>5t2 & if d>k] col\rs are desir$3 ,e>ly ,prolific1 ,belgian ,purple & ,cz>4 ,bryan/on ,gage 0 recomm5d$ by ! ,r4,h4,s4 9 #ahib1 & is a v ri*ly-flav\r$ dess]t v>iety1 b is n a good cropp] 9 ! op51 & ne$s a wall or h\se4 ,,damsons are (t5 v valuable1 & also make good outside h$ges4 ,bradley's ,k+ ( ! ,damsons is ! be/4 ,! fruit is l>ge1 ! tree free-cropp+1 bu%y1 vigor\s1 erect4 ,r4 ,septemb] #bj4 ,frogmore ,prolific 7e>li]7 is also l>ge & free-be>+4 ,r4 ,septemb] #i4 ,bo? ^! are late4 ,mirabelle & ,riv]s' ,e>ly ,damson are ,augu/ damsons1 small1 ! =m] vigor\s4 ,,bullaces ,%eph]d's is ! be/1 & hangs late on ! tree4 ,a few trees 9 a l>ge g>d5 are useful4 ,r4 ,septemb] #bj4 ,,important ,,po9ts ,good sorts on suitable /ocks 9 good soil & prop] aspect2 lime 9 ! soil1 add$ or o!rwise2 w9t] wa%+ or spray+2 ?9n+ fruit2 e>ly tra9+2 mod]ate prun+2 root-prun+ 9 v /rong soils2 lift+ 9 %all[ soils2 liquid & o!r manures2 imm$iate action if aphides or r$ spid] appe>4 ,,dry+ ,,by ,,evaporation ,?is important subject _c be treat$ "h at l5g?4 ,9 a hot season ) abundant crops1 good results may be obta9$ ) "s prospect ( pr(it4 ,b ! app>atus has be5 exp5sive4 ,mr ,udale's ,report to ! ,worce/]%ire ,c4,c4 on dri$ fruits1 vegetables & h]bs1 ) ! article 9 ,j\rnal ( ,r4,h4,s41 vol4 xxvi41 "p ii41 %\ld be consult$1 & ,fruit ,pres]v+1 by ,r4,l4,c41 9 ,watson1 vol4 v4 ,?ick-sk9n$ plums1 e4g41 ,cz>1 ,pr9ce ,engleb]t1 ,diamond & ,mon>* are be/ = ! purpose4 ,plums plac$ on trays1 dri$ 9 a v sl[ ov51 & all[$ to cool sev]al times1 are (t5 equal to ,fr5* prunes4 ,,bottl+ ,?is is a simple & mo/ useful process4 ,plums well bottl$ w la/ = ye>s4 ,ga!r clean & dry fruit be=e x is q ripe1 t ! heat may n crack ! plums4 ,remove ! /alks & pack closely 9 bottles n ov] #aa in*es high1 )\t bruis+1 up to %\ld] ( bottle4 ,provide a boil] a foot deep2 place hay or canvas at ! bottom1 !n put ! bottles 9 ! boil] ) hay or canvas ar\nd !m to prev5t fracture4 ,n[ fill ! boil] up to ! necks ( ! bottles1 & place x on a sl[ fire4 ,heat v gradually until ! wat] is at boil+ po9t4 ,!n take ea* bottle out ) a clo?1 fill ) boil+ wat] kept close at h&1 & cov] :ile boil+ ) air-tight /opp]s4 ,ano!r me?od is to fill ! bottles ne>ly full ) cold wat] or ?9 syrup1 & boil = fifte5 m9utes4 ,messrs ,de ,luca h receiv$ silv] & bronze m$als f ! ,r4,h4,s4 = self-clos+ bottles n[ sold by ,messrs ,abbott ( ,s\?all1 ne> ,london4 ,_! me?od is z foll[s3 ,p\r 9 wat] or cold ?9 syrup 7"o tablespoonful ( cry/alis$ cane-sug> to ! p9t7 suffici5t to cov] ! fruit4 ,adju/ ! indi>ubb] 9 ! groove made = x on neck ( ! bottle1 place ! disc on x1 & lightly screw d[n ! out] r+4 7,/eam mu/ be all[$ to escape47 ,boil z be=e = tw5ty m9utes2 take out ea* bottle1 & at once screw ! out] r+ z tightly z possible4 ,leave bottles until cold4 ,next day exam9e by unscrew+ ! out] r+1 & try :e!r ! disc is firmly fa/5$ d[n4 ,if s1 replace ! r+1 screw d[n tightly & /ore away 9 a cool place1 /&+ !m upright4 ,! bottles by hav+ new discs & indi>ubb] r+s may be frequ5tly us$4 ,! ,rev4 ,w4 ,wilks1 secret>y ( ! ,r4,h4,s41 recomm5ds pe>s1 especially ,pitma/on ,d41 z suitable = bottl+4 ,bottl$ x is delici\s4 ,he ?9ks fifte5 m9utes f ! "t ! wat] boils suffici5t = plums4 ,messrs ,de ,luca m5tion an h\r z ! "t = pe>s4 ,messrs ,lee ,co4 ( #ai ,knightrid] ,/41 ,maid/one1 h receiv$ m$als f ! ,r4,h4,s4 & o!rs = _! fruit bottl+ app>atus & bottl$ fruit4 ,!y supply a pat5t economic fruit bottl+ app>atus at #bas4 ,a !rmomet] at ! side records ! temp]ature ( ! bottles & ( _! cont5ts4 ,! foll[+ is ! me?od giv5 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,r4,h4,s4 ,! fruit mu/1 ( c\rse1 be fre% & good & ! bottles clean4 ,! fruit is fir/ pack$ into ! bottles1 :i* are !n fill$ up to ! neck ) cold wat]1 or if pref]r$1 ) ?9 syrup made by dissolv+ lb4 ( loaf-sug> 9 hot wat] & leav+ x to cool4 ,! bottles are !n put into ! cook+ pot :]e !y mu/ rema9 = c]ta9ly n less ?an two h\rs at a temp]ature ( betwe5 a m9imum ( #ade degrees & a maximum ( #afj degrees4 ,?is l[ /]ilis+ temp]ature be+ ma9ta9$ = two1 ?ree1 or f\r h\rs w de/roy all g]ms )\t cook+ ! fruit1 & is ! great secret ( successful bottl+4 ,no actual h>m is done by ! heat ris+ above #afj degrees1 b if x does ! fruit w probably bur/1 lose its %ape1 & n look s nice4 ,vegetables may be pres]v$ 9 exactly ! same way1 b !y mu/ be done twice ov] ) an int]val ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs to all[ ( _! becom+ q cold4 ,jams & fruit jellies c be pres]v$ fre% & good = ye>s 9 ! same way4 ,success 9 bottl+ & pres]v+ fruit dep5ds *iefly on two po9ts3 7#a7 ,! de/ruction ( e g]m ( mildew1 etc41 by keep+ ! bottles at a c]ta9 temp]ature = a c]ta9 "t2 7#b7 ! absolute prev5tion ( any possible re-entry ( air into ! bottles aft]w>ds4 ,! bottles mu/ be h]metically seal$ :ile 9 ! /eam or /&+ 9 almo/ boil+ wat] 7see ,j\rnal ,r4,h4,s41 vol4 xxvi4 "p iii4 p4 #cfe74 ,,bottl+ ,,or ,,cann+ ,,9 ,,syrup4--,?is is done by boil+ toge!r at ! rate ( #c lbs4 ( cane-sug> to #a qu>t ( wat] & ! :ite ( #a egg2 p\r ! fruit :ole into ! syrup :ile boil+1 & cont9ue to boil toge!r = only a few m9utes1 !n p\r into bottles or cans1 & /opp] or seal air-tight imm$iately :il/ boil+4 ,pe>s may be pres]v$ 9 ! same way4 ,*eal1 ,j\rnal ( ,r4,h4,s41 vol4 xxi4 #a4 ,,plum ,,jam makes a ri* pres]ve4 ,take equal quantities ( fruit & cane-sug>2 boil quickly half to ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r1 !n put into hot j>s & cov] well at once4 ,exclude ! air z mu* z possible4 ,! col\r ( ! fle% is said to make a diff]5ce 9 ! sale4 ,r$ jam is usually pref]r$1 b gre5gage is also popul>4 ,coe's ,gold5 ,drop or ,autumn ,compte 7,septemb]1 h>dy1 fairly productive1 b ! fruit (t5 splits7 are good = yell[ 7,amb]--,dr ,hogg7 jam2 ,belle de ,septembre 7,septemb]1 a good late cook+ v>iety1 good be>]1 b fruit prone to split7 = crimson col\r4 ,free-/ones are bett] ?an cl+-/ones4 ,! foll[+ are free-/ones3 ,bitt]n1 ,coe's ,late ,r$ 7fruit small1 good be>]1 a v useful late cook+ plum71 ,e>ly ,orleans1 ,e>ly ,transp>5t ,gage1 ,old ,gre5gage1 ,orleans1 ,oull9's ,gold5 ,gage1 ,r$ ,magnum ,bonum1 ,comte d',al?ann1 ,victoria4 ,! foll[+ are ne>ly s3 ,e>ly ,prolific1 ,cz>1 ,cox's ,emp]or1 ,jeff]son4 ,belle de ,septembre is a cl+-/one4 ,damsons make good jam1 ! col\r be+ a d>k ri* r$4 ,,plum ,,jelly ,plums are ri* 9 vegetable jelly4 #a4 ,boil alone = half-an-h\r1 !n /ra9 ! juice ?r\gh a f9e sieve or clo?2 add #b lbs4 ( cane-sug> to ea* qu>t ( juice1 boil aga9 = tw5ty m9utes1 p\r into j>s & glasses1 cov] at once4 ,a firm1 cle> & bright jelly %\ld result 7,watson74 #b4 ,dur+ ! pres]v+ season ,i g5]ally h a few pots ( jelly made f ea* pan ( pres]ves )\t spoil+ my jams4 ,i make currant1 gooseb]ry1 & plum jelly ?is way4 ,= all common pres]ves ,i all[ ( a p\nd ( loaf-sug> to ea* p\nd ( fruit4 ,! sug> mu/ be brok5 small4 ,put ! fruit & sug> into y\r pan1 let ! sug> melt1 !n boil quickly = tw5ty to ?irty m9utes4 ,skim c>efully1 take ! pan (f ! fire1 take f x ?ree or f\r cupfuls ( juice1 or z mu* z y ?9k c be sp>$ )\t mak+ y\r jam dry4 ,/ra9 ! juice ?r\gh a small gravy sieve into small j>s4 ,?is w be f\nd to jelly well4 ,9 ?is way a nice /ock ( jelly c be procur$1 & no fruit is wa/$4 7,f ,weldon's ,m5u ,cook]y ,book1 #as41 publi%$ by ,weldon1 #ca ,s\?ampton ,/reet1 ,/r&47 ,,footnotes3 #i ,! dates ref] to ! "t :5 ! fruits 7 ready 7ripe1 fit = ga!r+7 at ! ,*iswick ,g>d5 ( ! ,r4,h4,s4 #aj ,f ,watson1 vol4 v4 p4 #cfi4 #aa ,= _m useful details see ,watson1 vol4 v4 ,,*]ries ,x is useless to plant *]ries unless ! fruit c be protect$ f ! birds4 ,! co/ ( keep+ a few trees w\ld absorb all pr(it4 ,9 plant+ = sale1 select two or ?ree v>ieties only2 & ^! %\ld come 9 toge!r1 if possible1 to less5 ! co/ ( keep4 ,!y %\ld be int]m+l$1 = reasons already m5tion$ 7see pe>s1 p4 #ab74 ,*]ries l a deep1 mell[1 & r s&y soil1 b !y also ?rive on a good loam ly+ on *alk4 ,/iff moi/ soils & dry gravelly soils are n suitable4 ,! trees require mu* moi/ure1 especially sorts ) l>ge leaves1 su* z ! ,big>reau & ,he>t ,*]ries4 ,plant v>ieties to suit ! soil4 ,inquire c>efully :at sorts d be/ 9 y\r neighb\rhood4 ,*]ries d well 9 op5 gr\nd1 n %ad$ nor 9 a valley4 ,!y pref] a s\? aspect1 b ,morellos ?rive on a nor? wall4 ,k5ti% & ,late ,duke might also be tri$ !re4 ,plant z y w\ld pe>s or plums4 ,protect y\r trees f rabbits by wire1 & f cattle by cradles1 #f feet high at lea/1#ab or iron gu>ds4 ,cattle f$ on cake are useful 9 *]ry or*>ds1 & improve ! produce4 ,,*]ries ,,= ,,eat+1 recomm5d$ by ,r4,h4,s4 9 #ahib1 are3-- a4 ,,dukes4--7#a7 ,may ,duke1 d>k r$ & e>ly2 7#b7 ,ar*duke 7l>ge blacki% r$71 mid-season1 bo? t5d]-sk9n$1 & s belov$ by birds4 ,bo? are close gr[]s4 b4 ,,yell[-,,fruit$ 7i4e4 ,:ite ,he>t or ,big>reau74--7#a7 ,elton1 v e>ly1 good on heavy soil1 tree spread+2 7#b7 ,k5t ,big>reau1 e>ly1 l>ge1 h>dy1 makes a l>ge tree1 be/ = g5]al crop4 c4 ,,black-,,fruit$4--7#a7 ,black ,eagle1 v l>ge1 travels well1 free gr[]1 mid-season2 7#b7 ,e>ly ,riv]s1 fir/-rate1 e>lie/ black1 a good cropp] & gr[]4 ,,cook+ ,,*]ries4--7#a7 ,k5ti%1 bright r$1 mid-season1 a compact gr[]1 be/ = jam2 7#b7 ,morello1 v late1 only fit = wall1 f5ce1 or bu%4 ,o!r good sorts are ,gov]nor ,wood 7mottl$ r$1 e>ly7 & ,black ,t>t>ian1 a /rong gr[]1 fruit l>ge1 late4 ,flor5ce is v l>ge & late1 succe$+ ! ,big>reau1 b requires a w>m soil & aspect4 ,:]e !re is no wall1 ,morellos & o!r sorts %\ld be plant$ z bu%es 9 a g>d5 #e or #f feet ap>t4 ,!y %\ld be cov]$ ) nets :5 ! fruit is col\r+4 ,morellos la/ a long :ile on a nor? wall1 protect$ by a net4 ,^! are (t5 9 great dem&1 & 9 a plantation succe$ z /&>ds4 ,b ! co/ ( keep+ = a long "t w\ld be excessive4 ,,prun+ ,,& ,,tra9+ ,all[ ! trees to gr[ a ye> be=e prun+ !m4 ,!n cut back ! bran*es to ab\t #a foot 9 l5g? to an out] eye2 ! ,big>reau to #ae in*es4 ,enc\rage two %oots f ea* bran*1 "o at ! end1 ! o!r #c in*es f ! /em1 & on ! outside4 ,?us ! bran*es w n gr[ into ea* o!r4 ,ma9ta9 ! *ief bran*es at ne>ly equal l5g? = "s ye>s4 ,/&>ds d n require mu* prun+4 ,cut back 9 summ] 7,july7 all %oots cr[d+ ! tree or ?reat5+ to cross o!rs4 ,9 w9t] look ov] ! trees aga94 ,keep ! trees op5 to sun & air4 ,*]ries on wall %\ld be on ! fan sy/em1 & p9*$ back 9 ,july4 ,! bran*es %\ld be #i in*es ap>t = ,duke ,*]ries1 #ab = ,big>reau4 ,if tra9$ horizontally or z espali]s1 %ort5 ! %oots on ! upp] bran*es a week or two be=e ^? on ! l[]4 ,keep ! %oots ne> ! wall4 ,:5 suffici5t ma9 bran*es are =m$ to cov] ! wall1 d n cut back ! lead]s aga94 ,be sp>+ ) ! knife4 ,aft] two or ?ree ye>s fruit spurs w =m1 b n mu* surplus wood4 ,morellos require special treatm5t4 ,! fruit is usually f\nd on ! wood ( ! previ\s ye>4 ,tra9 "y %oots 9 to replace ! old1 & cut out1 :5 ! fruit is (f1 all ! old t c be sp>$4 ,9 /&>ds1 pyramids & bu%es1 ?9 out ! bran*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,*]ry ,,or*>d ,,aphides are ! *ief enemy1 especially on walls4 ,syr+e ) tobacco wat] made by p\r+ #a gallon ( s(t boil+ wat] on #b ozs4 ( /rong %ag tobacco2 add #b ozs4 ( s(t soap to ! wat] :5 p\r$ on ! tobacco4 ,/ra9 (f & use cold4 ,?is solution is also good aga9/ ! pe> slug-worm1 :i* attacks *]ries z well z pe>s4 ,foll[ ?is prescription by a good syr++ ( cold wat] ! foll[+ morn+4 ,! roots ( *]ries are ne> ! surface s t ! gr\nd above !m mu/ n be dug4 ,,/&>ds 9 /rong soil %\ld be #cj feet ap>t1 #bd feet 9 light] gr\nd4 ,!y are be/ on grass :i* is us$ = pa/ure4 ,! trees !n %\ld be #cj feet f ea* o!r4 ,! ,k5ti% ,r$ are sometimes #ae or #ah feet only4 ,betwe5 /&>ds at #bd feet ap>t bu% trees ( v>i\s k9ds may be plant$ 7apples1 pe>s1 plums71 ! two =m] on dw>f+ /ocks2 !re %\ld be two betwe5 ea* /&>d #h feet ap>t4 ,ord9>y manure is n (t5 giv54 ,x may cause rank gr[?4 ,dr ,griffi?s recomm5ds ! foll[+ artificials3 #c p>ts weight ( ka9it1 #b p>ts ( sup]phosphate1 #a "p ( nitrate ( soda4 ,?ree lbs4 ( ?is mixture %\ld be appli$ to ea* tree %ortly be=e active gr[? beg9s4 ,if ! l& is defici5t 9 lime or *alk "s %\ld be giv5 to ea* tree4 ,w4 ,c4 79 ,watson73 ,sup]phosphate ( lime1 #e lbs41 sulphate ( pota%1 #b lbs41 sulphate ( magnesia1 lb41 *loride ( soda1 lb4 ,apply dur+ mild wea!r 9 ,febru>y at ! rate ( #d ozs4 to ! squ>e y>d ( bord]1 or ! full quantity #h lbs4 to ea* rod ( or*>d gr\nd4 ,ga!r fruit dry be=e x is q ripe4 ,*]ries are usually s5t to m>ket 9 baskets :i* conta9 #bd lbs4 nett2 v *oice fruit 9 #ab lb4 baskets4 ,! ^w *]ry comes f ! old ,engli% *]i1 *iri1 & t probably f ! ,fr5* c]ise1 t f ! ,lat9 c]asus1 & t f ! ,greek k]asos4 ,*]i or *iri 0 a corruption ( *]is or *iris1 ! f9al s be+ mi/ak5 = ! plural inflection2 ! same mi/ake occurs 9 sev]al o!r words1 notably 9 pea z %ort5$ f pease1 ,lat9 pisum 7,skeat74 ,,footnote3 #ab ,cradles 9 ,k5t are (t5 made ( *e/nut wood split1 & la/ z long z !y are ne$$4 ,= =m see pe>s1 p4 #g4 ,,! ,,mulb]ry ,! mulb]ry is a v h&some tree well wor?y ( cultivation 9 a l>ge g>d51 if only x receives ! c>e & culture :i* x des]ves4 ,its prop] "n d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 ?r\gh ! ,anglo-,saxon is ,murb]ry4 ,mulb]ry is c]ta9ly m euphoni\s4 ,x is said to be a native ( ,p]sia1 b x has be5 kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry = ?ree c5turies & a half at lea/4 ,x is /at$ t !re are trees /ill liv+ among u sev]al c5turies old4 ,! black mulb]ry is ! "o commonly gr[n 9 ,engl&2 ! :ite does bett] 9 a w>m] clime1 & has be5 l>gely plant$ 9 ,france & o!r l&s1 :]e ! leaves are requir$ = silkworms4 ,! :ite1 h[ev]1 c be gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! mulb]ry w ?rive 9 any good soil1 b ! gr\nd %\ld n be v wet4 ,x %\ld be plac$ 9 a %elt]$ s\!rn aspect1 & is likely to d well 9 ! s\? r ?an ! nor? ( ,engl&4 ,x is propagat$ by lay]s1 cutt+s & se$s4 ,trees ) good /raight /ems %\ld be _h f ! nurs]ym51 & a few %ill+s sp5t 9 buy+ a /raight1 /rong tree may save ye>s4 ,plant 9 late autumn )\t manure ) ! usual c>e 7see plant+ pe>s72 ! roots %\ld n be expos$ to fro/ or cold w9ds4 ,brick & lime-rubbi% bel[ 9 a heavy wet soil %\ld be giv54 ,9 a light] soil put decay$ manure r\nd ! tree aft] plant+4 ,9 spr+ =k ! soil up lightly1 z trees ?rive bett] :5 ! soil is /irr$4 ,if y plant e>ly 9 ,novemb] "u fav\rable circum/ances leave f\r bran*es only1 & cut ^! h>d back to an out] eye4 ,if y plant late1 don't prune until ! foll[+ w9t]4 ,! fir/ bran*es if cut back to ?ree or f\r in*es w probably ?r[ out /rong %oots4 ,9 ,augu/ *oose f\r ( ! be/ plac$ & /ronge/ ( ^!1 cutt+ out ! re/ t ^? left may gr[ & ! wood be rip5$4 ,! tree be>s on %ort-jo9t$ "y wood1 & on spurs1 n on gross %oots4 ,keep ! tree op51 especially ! middle1 remov+ weak1 wat]y spray1 & tra9 ! %oots upw>ds4 ,x w be a pleasure to g "u ! tree 9 "t & enjoy its %ade4 ,! sun & air mu/ h free access if ! fruit is to rip54 ,sometimes ! b]ries fall prematurely4 ,dr\ght or want ( food may be ! cause4 ,liquid manure 9 summ] z ! fruit comes on1 & ! artificial manures recomm5d$ = all fruit trees 7see pe>s7 w be helpful4 ,9 ! w9t]-prun+1 cut out all cross b\ghs1 beg9n+ f bel[1 s z n to te> ! b>k4 ,*eck only bran*es t are rampant & runn+ away f o!rs4 ,keep ! tree z uni=mly r\nd z y c4 ,:5 ! tree has 79 f\r or five ye>s7 ga9$ size & fruits well1 grass may be gr[n ar\nd ! tree1 b x %\ld be kept closely m[n1 especially :5 ! fruit is rip5+4 ,all co>se grasses %\ld be spudd$ out4 ,if ! fruit 7 ?9n$ & ! tree well f$1 no d\bt ! b]ries w\ld be f9]4 ,9 any case fe$ well 9 ,july4 ,! fruit is n v m>ketable1 z x does n travel well1 nor la/ long4 ,b 9 cid] c\nties x is sometimes mix$ ) apples1 to make mulb]ry cid]4 ,! trees be> =c+ 9 pots1 & give good fruit 9 ,july4 ,!y w be> a high temp]ature4 ,! fruit mix$ ) apples 9 a t>t or pudd+ is describ$ z delici\s4 ,if x is ga!r$ p]fectly dry1 x c be us$ to make a jelly 9 a simil> mann] to r$ currant jelly1 & us$ = light pudd+s1 etc4 ,mulb]ry syrup is said to be good = sore ?roat2 mulb]ry wat] to be refre%+ z a dr9k 9 cases ( fev]1 mulb]ry v9eg> to be efficaci\s = m$ic9al purposes j z raspb]ry v9eg>1 :i* x some:at resembles4 ,cassell's ,diction>y ( ,cook]y expla9s ^! details1 & also h[ to make mulb]ry pres]ve4 ,,app5dix ,,! ,,propagation ,,( ,,! ,,pe> ,x is n propos$ to ent] into elaborate details ) ref]5ce to ! propagation ( ! pe>1 = ! g5]al cultivator is f> m conc]n$ ) & int]e/$ 9 its successful treatm5t :5 e/abli%$ ?an be=e1 = he c n[ obta9 prep>$ trees s readily & *eaply f nurs]ym51 :o propagate !m by ! ?\s&1 t x is n at all wor? 8 :ile to attempt _! propagation himself4 ,pe> trees are propagat$ ei!r by budd+ or graft+4 ,! fir/ m5tion$ process is p]=m$ dur+ ,july & ,augu/1 & graft+ is done 9 ! mon? ( ,m>*4 ,budd+ consi/s 9 remov+ a bud f "o tree & ins]t+ x "u ! b>k ( ! /ock or bran* ( ano!r tree4 ,?is "w is done 9 ! mon?s ( ,july & ,augu/1 because ! b>k is dur+ t "t m easily rais$1 & a union m easily effect$ betwe5 ! cambium 7an inn] gr[+ lay]7 ( bo? bud & /ock4 ,! buds ins]t$ are tak5 f ! curr5t ye>'s %oots1 *oos+ %oots t are firm & %ort-jo9t$4 ,aft] hav+ remov$ a %oot1 say n9e or t5 in*es long1 & cut ! leaves to half _! l5g?s1 next proce$ to cut out a bud4 ,?is is done by ins]t+ a knife bel[ ! bud at a di/ance ( ab\t half an in*1 & !n draw+ x upw>ds beh9d ! bud1 em]g+ aga9 ab\t half an in* above ! bud4 ,! cut mu/1 ( c\rse1 turn inw>ds--t is to say1 t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! %oot4 ,:5 remov$1 ! bud !re=e w be ab\t an in* long1 ) ! eye 9 ! c5tre1 & ) a c]ta9 am\nt ( wood atta*$ to x beh9d4 ,?is %\ld be remov$1 & ! be/ way to d x is to ins]t ! po9t ( "o's knife j und]nea?1 s z slightly to raise ! wood4 ,!n1 ) ! blade ( ! knife & "o's ?umb above1 x c easily be remov$ ) a slight j]k4 ,take great c>e t ! root ( ! bud is n remov$ also4 ,! /ock to be budd$ %\ld h a ,t-%ap$ incision made 9 ! b>k4 ,) ! ivory h&le1 :i* a prop] budd+ knife w h1 raise ! b>k on ei!r side ( ! longitud9al slit1 comm5c+ at ! corn]s j bel[ :]e x jo9s ! transv]se incision4 ,take great c>e t ! knife h&le does n p5etrate b5ea? ! inn] b>k1 b press x aga9/ ! latt]1 slipp+ x along4 ,:5 ! b>k is suffici5tly rais$1 c>efully ins]t ! bud b5ea?1 tak+ hold ( x by ! rema9+ portion ( ! leaf /alk4 ,x mu/ n be =c$ d[n1 b introduc$ z g5tly z c be1 o!rwise !re w be dang] ( injur+ ! vital cambium lay]1 :]e ! union is effect$4 ,aft]w>ds tie ! bud ar\nd ) matt+1 to keep x 9 position & to prev5t ! entrance ( air4 ,tie bo? above & bel[ ! eye1 leav+ ?is ( c\rse free4 ,an excell5t indication z to :e!r or n ! bud has tak5 is af=d$ by ! petiole 7leaf /alk74 ,if ?is1 a few weeks aft]w>ds1 falls completely away1 "o may be fairly c]ta9 t ! bud has tak52 if1 on ! o!r h&1 x )]s away1 "o may be almo/ equally sure t ! op]ation has n be5 successful4 ,! buds t h tak5 w comm5ce to gr[ 9 ! foll[+ spr+1 & !n ! /ocks mu/ be cut back to )9 a few in*es ( :]e ! buds are ins]t$4 ,_m nurs]ym51 if !y f9d t ! bud has n tak51 graft ! same /ock 9 ! foll[+ spr+1 in/ead ( wait+ to bud aga9 9 summ]4 ,graft+ consi/s 9 s atta*+ "o %oot to ano!r t !y unite & gr[ toge!r4 ,!re are _m diff]5t me?ods ( graft+1 b t mo/ usually employ$ 9 ! graft+ ( pe> trees is tongue or splice graft+4 ,?is is done 9 ! mon? ( ,m>*1 ) firm gr[? ( ! prec$+ ye>4 ,fir/ cut ! /ock 9 a slop+ direction1 & s t ! cut may t]m9ate j above a bud if possible4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! scions fit ! /ocks1 is ! recomm5dation ( "o ( our l>ge nurs]y gr[]s ( pe> trees1 & "o t %\ld be closely foll[$4 ,!re=e *oose a graft z ne>ly z possible ( ! same size z ! /ock4 ,hav+ cut ! graft to a suitable l5g?1 say n9e or t5 in*es1 cut ! l[] end 7t is1 ! ?ick] "o7 exactly z ! top ( ! /ock 0 cut1 s t :5 plac$ toge!r !y w prop]ly fit ^u ea* o!r4 ,! ess5tial po9t is1 ( c\rse1 to make sure t ! inn] b>k ( ! "o co9cides ) ! inn] b>k ( ! o!r1 z !n ! cambium lay]s w also co9cide4 ,! graft %\ld be c>efully & securely ti$ on to ! /ock ) raffia1 & !n cov]$ ov] ) ei!r clay or graft+ wax1 s z effectually to prev5t ! entrance ( air4 ,x is advisable to place moss ov] ! clay1 s t 9 dry wea!r ?is c be wat]$ to prev5t ! clay f becom+ dry4 ,unless !re 7 a cov]+ ( "s mat]ial capable ( hold+ moi/ure1 x w\ld be impossible to keep ! clay 9 any?+ l a moi/ condition4 ,:5 x is se5 t ! graft comm5ces to gr[ freely1 ! clay may be p>tly remov$ s z to all[ ( ! ligatures be+ loos5$4 ,x is wise to tie ! graft to a /ake atta*$ to ! /ock :5 ! clay is f9ally remov$1 z 9 r\gh wea!r x might possibly be brok5 (f4 ,! above is repr9t$ f ,! ,book ( ! ,apple 9 ! pres5t s]ies ( h&books4 ,h&books ( ,practical ,g>d5+ ,"u ! ,g5]al ,editor%ip ( ,,h>ry ,,rob]ts ,cr[n #hvo4 ,illu/rat$4 ,clo?4 ,price #bs4 #f;d4 net p] volume4 ,price #a4jj net4 ,,"s ,,op9ions ,,( ,,! ,,press4 ,scotsman--,a s]ies :i* has already elicit$ w>m recognition4 ,we/]n ,daily ,m]cury--,! invaluable s]ies4 ,lit]>y ,_w--,9 e respect ^! ,h&books w delight ! he>t ( ! g>d5]4 ,!y are writt5 by m5 ( wide exp]i5ce1 & are well got up & well illu/rat$4 ,*ur*woman--,delightfully got up1 well & freely illu/rat$1 & full ( useful & practical in=mation simply express$4 ,brad=d ,obs]v]--,an elegant & comp5di\s s]ies1 ! great excell5ce ( :i* is t !y are writt5 by m5 hav+ special au?ority1 & t !y convey 9 succ9ct & practical =m :at ! cultivator wants to "k4 ,pilot--,! s]ies is rem>kable = ! am\nt ( practical in=mation & advice compress$ )9 ea* volume4 ,_w--,?is v useful s]ies %\ld by no means be miss$ f ! libr>y ( ! s9c]e g>d5]4 ,liv]pool ,c\ri]--,a useful & attractive s]ies4 ,vol4 ,i4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,asp>agus4 ,) sections also on ,cel]y1 ,salsify1 ,scorzon]a1 & ,seakale2 toge!r ) a *apt] on _! cook+ & prep>ation = ! table4 ,by ,,*>les ,,ilott1 ,f4,r4,h4,s41 ,lectur] on ,horticulture to ! ,cornwall ,c\nty ,c\ncil4 ,vol4 ,,ii4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,gre5h\se4 ,by ,j4 ,c4 ,,tallack1 ,f4,r4,h4,s41 ,head ,g>d5] at ,%ipley ,hall4 ,vol4 ,,iii4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,grape4 ,toge!r ) a *apt] on ! ,hi/ory & ,decorative ,value ( ! ,v9es4 ,by ,h4 ,w4 ,,w>d1 ,f4,r4,h4,s41 = tw5ty-five ye>s ,head ,g>d5] at ,long=d ,ca/le4 ,vol4 ,,iv4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,old-,,fa%ion$ ,,fl[]s4 ,by ,,h>ry ,,rob]ts1 au?or ( ,! ,*ronicle ( a ,corni% ,g>d54 ,vol4 ,v4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,bulbs4 ,by ,s4 ,,arnott1 ( ,c>se?orne1 ne> ,dumfries4 ,vol4 ,,vi4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,apple4 ,by ,h4 ,h4 ,,?omas1 ,assi/ant ,editor ( ,! ,g>d51 late ( ! ,royal ,g>d5s1 ,w9dsor4 ,toge!r ) *apt]s by ! ,editor on ! ,hi/ory & ,cook+ ( ! ,apple & ! ,prep>ation ( ,cid]4 ,vol4 ,,vii4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,vegetables4 ,by ,,george ,,wy!s1 ,v4,m4,h41 ,head ,g>d5] at ,syon ,h\se4 ,toge!r ) *apt]s on ,hi/ory & ,cook]y1 by ! ,editor4 ,,vol4 ,,viii4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,or*ids4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,:ite1 ,f4,r4,h4,s41 ,or*id ,gr[] to ,sir ,trevor ,lawr5ce1 ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,horticultural ,society4 ,,vol4 ,,ix4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,/rawb]ry4 ,) *apt]s on ! ,raspb]ry1 ,blackb]ry1 ,loganb]ry1 ,japanese ,w9eb]ry & alli$ fruits4 ,by ,,edw9 ,,beckett1 ,f4,r4,h4,s41 ,head ,g>d5] at ,ald5ham ,p>k4 ,,vol4 ,x4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,climb+ ,,plants4 ,by ,s4 ,,arnott1 ,f4,r4,h4,s41 au?or ( ,! ,book ( ,bulbs4 ,,vol4 ,,xi4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,pe>s ,,& ,,plums4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,e4 ,,b>trum1 ,d4,d4 ,,vol4 ,,xii4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,h]bs4 ,by ,,lady ,,rosal9d ,,nor?cote4 ,,vol4 ,,xiii4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,wild ,,g>d54 ,by ,s4 ,w4 ,,fitzh]b]t4 ,,vol4 ,,xiv4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,bees4 ,by ,,*>les ,,h>rison4 ,,books ,,= ,,c\ntry ,,h\ses ,,by ,e4 ,v4 ,b4 ,au?or ( ,days & ,h\rs 9 a ,g>d54 ,sev5 ,g>d5s & a ,palace4 ,illu/rat$ by ,f4 ,l4 ,b4 ,,griggs & ,,ar?ur ,,gordon4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,price #es4 net4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #a4ej4 ,,by ,,h>ry ,,rob]ts ,! ,*ronicle ( a ,corni% ,g>d54 ,) ,sev5 ideal ,illu/rations by ,f4 ,l4 ,b4 ,,griggs4 ,price #es4 net4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #a4ej net4 ,,by ,,francis ,,bacon ,( ,g>d5s3 ,an ,essay4 ,) an ,introduction by ,,hel5 ,,milman & a ,cov] ,design & ,frontispiece by ,,edmund ,h4 ,,new4 ,price #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,demy #afmo4 ,price #ej c5ts net4 ,,by ,,mrs ,,leslie ,,williams ,a ,g>d5 9 ! ,suburbs4 ,) ,eight ,illu/rations4 ,price #es4 net4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #a4be net4 ,,by ,,m>y ,p4 ,,milne-,,home ,/ray ,leaves f a ,bord] ,g>d54 ,) ,eight ,illu/rations by ,f4 ,l4 ,b4 ,,griggs4 ,price #fs4 net4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #a4ej net4 ,,by ,,hel5 ,,milman ,9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,peace4 ,) #bd ,illu/rations & ,cov] design$ by ,,edmund ,h4 ,,new4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,price #es4 net4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #a4ej4 ,outside ! ,g>d54 ,) #bd ,illu/rations & ,cov] by ,,edmund ,h4 ,,new4 ,price #es4 net4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #a4ej4 ,my ,roses & ,h[ ,i ,grew ,!m4 ,) a ,cov] design$ by ,,edmund ,h4 ,,new4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,price #as4 #f;d4 net4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #ge c5ts4 ,f ! ,he>t ( ! ,rose4 ,) a ,frontispiece 9 ,photogravure4 ,price #es4 net4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #a4ej net4 ,9 a ,tuscan ,g>d54 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations1 & a ,cov] ,design4 ,price #es4 net4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #a4ej net4 ,,by ,,canon ,,ellacombe ,au?or ( ,9 a ,gl\ce/]%ire ,g>d51 c4 ,9 ,my ,vic>age ,g>d54 ,) illu/rations by ,f4 ,l4 ,b4 ,,griggs4 ,price #es4 net4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #a4ej net4 ,,by ,,=bes ,,watson ,fl[]s & ,g>d5s4 ,) ,photogravure ,portrait ( ! ,au?or4 ,edit$1 ) a ,biographical ,note1 by ,canon ,,ellacombe4 ,price #es4 net4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #a4ej net4 ,,by ,,john ,d4 ,,s$d+ ,g>d5-,craft ,old & ,new4 ,) a ,memorial ,notice by ! ,rev4 ,e4 ,f4 ,,russell1 & n9e full-page ,illu/rations4 ,new ,edition4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #b4ej net4 ,,by ,e4 ,h4 ,,poll>d ,! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,selborne4 ,edit$1 ) an ,introduction1 by ,,grant ,,all54 ,) ne>ly #bjj ,illu/rations by ,,edmund ,h4 ,,new4 ,price #es4 net4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #a4ej net4 ,,by ,,izaak ,,walton ,,& ,,*>les ,,cotton ,! ,compleat ,angl]4 ,edit$1 ) an ,introduction1 by ,,ri*>d ,,le ,,galli5ne4 ,) ,photogravure ,portraits ( ,walton & ,cotton1 & ov] #bej ,illu/rations & ,cov] design$ by ,,edmund ,h4 ,,new4 ,price #aes4 net4 ,fcap4 #dto4 ,price #f4jj4 ,,by ,,*>les ,,h5ry ,,lane ,all ,ab\t ,dogs4 ,a ,book = ,doggy ,p4 ,) #he ,full-page ,illu/rations 7includ+ ne>ly #gj *ampions7 by ,r4 ,h4 ,,moore4 ,gilt top4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #b4ej net4 ,,john ,,lane3 ,,london3 ,,vigo ,,/reet1 ,w4 ,,new ,,york3 #fg ,,fif? ,,av5ue4 ---------------------------------------- -------- ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,"s inconsi/5t hyph5ation & spell+ 9 ! orig9al docum5t h be5 pres]v$4 ,typographical errors correct$ 9 ! text3 ,page #bb ,joseph9es *ang$ to ,joseph9e ,page #bd ,cornice *ang$ to ,comice ,page #bh x's *ang$ to its ,page #ea ,joseph9es *ang$ to ,joseph9e ,page #ed ,m>rillat *ang$ to ,m>illat ,page #fa ,engelb]t *ang$ to ,engleb]t ,page #fc ,d5ni/on's *ang$ to ,d5ni/\n's ---------------------------------------- --------