,,pot-,,boil]s by ,,clive ,,bell ,london ,*atto ,w9dus ,,mcmxviii ,pr9t$ at ! ,complete ,press ,we/ ,norwood ,london ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,=eword #a ,,montaigne ,,9 ,,facsimile #ag ,,ibs5 #bh ,,miss ,,col]idge #da ,,peacock #ej ,,boswell',s ,,lett]s #gd ,,c>lyle',s ,,loves ,,& ,,love-,,lett]s #hb ,,! ,,lysi/rata #ii ,,trelawny',s ,,lett]s #aae ,,sophocles ,,9 ,,london #abf ,,! ,,flight ,,( ,,! ,,dragon #ace ,,william ,,morris #adf ,,p]sian ,,m9iatures #aef ,,c\nt]*eck ,,qu>relsome #afe ,,picture ,,%[s3 ,i4 ,,! ,,london ,,salon #agd ,,ii4 ,,engli% ,,po/-,,impressioni/s #agi ,,iii4 ,,an ,,exp5sive ,,ma/]piece #ahh ,,iv4 ,,m>*& #aid ,v4 ,,! ,,mans>d ,,gall]y #aii ,,contempor>y ,,art ,,9 ,,engl& #bji ,,art ,,& ,,w> #bca ,,be=e ,,! ,,w> #bdg ,,=eword ,,de> ,,ge(frey ,,:itwor?1--,consid]+ = h[ _m ages h[ _m clev] p h be5 compla9+ ( _! publi%]s1 y might h suppos$ t no device = gett+ "o ( !m into a scrape c\ld h be5 left untri$4 ,yet1 s f> z ,i c rememb]1 no au?or has _h ! bright idea ( d5\nc+ 8 publi%]1 p>ticul>ly1 & by "n1 z accessory be=e ! fact4 ,i am will+ to suspect my memory r ?an my pr(ession ( be+ at fault 9 ?is matt]2 b t ! practice is uncommon is mo/ c]ta9 & t1 surely1 is v /range4 ,no au?or ?9ks twice ( saddl+ 8 fri5d1 8 wife1 8 "m1 or ev5 8 mi/ress ) ! responsibility ( hav+ be5 ! onlie begett] ( "s feckless cub or mon/r\s abortion2 b on 8 publi%]1 ! v man he %\ld wi% to injure1 :o ev] ?\ght ( fa/5+ ! (f5ce8 ,yet y _c d5y1 my de> ,:itwor?1 t ?is book is y\r fault4 ,i 0 all = ab&on+ ! project aft] ,i _h read ,mr4 ,arnold ,b5nett's volume & recogniz$ h[ mu* m readable 8 j\rnalism 0 ?an m9e3 y\r read]1 ,i suspect1 0 ( l m9d3 x 0 y1 & y alone1 :o1 by enli/+ my vanity1 conqu]$ my pride4 ,( c\rse 9 ! end my vanity might h triumph$ )\t y3 x is n (t5 or easily beat54 ,oblig$ by hung] & reque/ ( fri5ds1 ,i c imag9e myself pr9t+ "u t classic excuse1 :i* has ! m]it ( be+ 9 ! gr& lit]>y tradition & z dis+5u\s z ano!r2 = 9 ^! days an au?or is n m hungry ?an e "o else1 & my fri5ds w\ld h be5 ! fir/ to p>don my sil5ce4 ,y may take x = c]ta91 by ! way1 t :5 a man says he is publi%+ at ! in/ance ( two or ?ree fri5ds he means t he is (f]+ ! public :at he kn[s t ! public c\ld h done p]fectly well )\t4 ,he means t he is pr9t+ nei!r to p]suade nor to in=m nor yet to express ! tru? t is 9 him1 b simply to gratify an it* = su* notoriety z ! c>eless att5tion ( a few ?\s& read]s may be suppos$ to give4 ,if ,i n[ contrive to escape ! consequ5ces ( my own axiom x is ?anks to y1 ,my ,publi%]--or ,publi%]'s repres5tative mu/ ,i say8 7,y are s v mode/1 my de> ,:itwor?1 & s exact47 ,naturally1 by s oblig+ me y h made me y\r fri5d = life4 ,b t 0 ex po/ facto4 ,i said j n[ t :5 ,i read ,mr4 ,b5nett's ,books & ,p]sons1 ,i 0 = ab&on+ a project ab\t :i*1 y w d me ! ju/ice ( rememb]+1 ,i 0 lukew>m f ! fir/4 ,i enjoy$ imm5sely 8 lively pap]s & ,i felt pretty sure t no "o w\ld s enjoy m9e4 ,y\r read] 0 good en\gh to po9t out "s reasons1 besides ! obvi\s "o1 :y ?is mu/ be s2 & 9 self-def5ce ,i am go+ to rem9d y ( !m4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,b5nett wrote = ! ,new ,age he 0 a fam\s & full-gr[n au?or1 v mu* at 8 ease1 v mu* at 8 lib]ty1 well aw>e t if he said :at he pleas$ z he pleas$ 8 editor w\ld be only too happy to pr9t x4 ,:5 ,i wrote mo/ ( ! reviews repr9t$ 9 ?is volume ,i 0 comm5c+ j\rnalism1 & ,i wrote !m = ! ,a!num4 ,! ,a!num1 ! editor ( :i* ,i take ?is opportunity ( ?ank+ = p]mission to repr9t my articles1 is a pap]1 01 at any rate1 a pap] ) anci5t & peculi> cu/oms2 & ( ^! cu/oms p]haps ! mo/ peculi> 0 t1 :ile all[+ its contributors extraord9>y lib]ty 9 "s matt]s1 x su/a9$ :at may p]haps be describ$ z a lit]>y policy4 ,l o!r v5]able in/itutions1 ! ,a!num _h a ta/e = unwritt5 law2 its policy 0 adumbrat$ r ?an def9$1 b few contributors1 ,i believe1 7 unconsci\s ( its exi/5ce4 ,n "o ( u1 ,i am sure1 w\ld h express$ any?+ b :at he ?\ght & felt1 b we all hop$ t our ?\ghts & feel+s w\ld n be too dissimil> f ^? ( our presid+ g5ius1 ,a!ne ! wise1 our eponym\s goddess2 because1 if !y 71 h] high-prie/1 albeit "o ( ! mo/ *>m+ & accompli%$ p 9 ,fleet ,/reet or !reab\ts1 /ood ready ) ! inexorable blue p5cil to smite once & smite no m4 ,9 ! matt] ( expression1 too1 ,h] ,omnisci5ce 01 to my m9d1 some?+ ov]-exact+4 ,concision is an excell5t quality 9 a writ]4 ,we all "k :at ,b5 ,jonson said ab\t ,%akespe>e & we all agree ) him4 ,/ill1 :51 by ! %ape ( "o's p>agraphs1 ! balance ( "o's s5t5ces1 & ! int]nal rhy?m ( "o's clauses1 "o fancies t an article has be5 rais$ almo/ to ! p]fection ( a "w ( art1 x is disappo9t+ to f9d a l9e cut out "h1 two m !re1 half a doz5 miss+ f ! second galley1 & f ! ?ird a :ole p>agraph gone = no bett] reason ?an t !y are n ess5tial to ! argum5t--especially :5 "o is p]suad$ t !y are4 ,i h said t ! editor ( ! ,a!num1 9 my "t1 0 a *>m+ & accompli%$ writ]2 he is also my v good fri5d & too g5]\s critic1 & ,i %\ld be a wret* if ,i did n love him4 ,b on ! ev5+ :5 a weekly pap] goes to press1 :5 ! pages are p\r+ 91 & "s "o1 z likely z n1 is wait+ at ! ,caf ,royal1 ev5 ! mo/ cultivat$ & consid]ate ( editors w be an editor4 ,:]e=e ,i mu/ n[ plague y & my read]s ) a ^w or two 9 explanation ( my me?od ( correction & revision4 ,re-read+ ^! articles--"s ( :i* 7 writt5 n9e or t5 ye>s ago--,i come on su* phrases z ?is is a notable a*ievem5t1 8 equipm5t is n really /rong1 & ,i wond]1 ( c\rse1 :at ! devil ,i did say4 ,no d\bt x 0 some?+ def9ite & p>ticul>1 = 9 ^? days ,i 0 a mo/ consci5ti\s writ]2 b :at subtle limitation1 :at delicately sugge/$ ref]5ce1 :at f9ely qualify+ phrase1 :at treasure ( my critical nonage lies buri$ b5ea? ?is gett+ out =mula ,i _c n[ rememb]4 ,i read ! article aga9 & aga9 b ,i want ! c\rage & en]gy to read aga9 ! book ab\t :i* x 0 writt54 ,&1 if ,i did1 %\ld ,i recapture precisely :at ,i ?\ght or felt & tri$1 by means ( t lo/ clause or s5t5ce1 n to leave q unexpress$8 ,! idea is gone1 & ) x1 no d\bt1 ! complete significance ( ! article4 ,i h bot*$ & cobbl$1 b at be/ ,i h b pat*$ a r5t4 ,i hope1 h[ev]1 t ,i h n sp>$ _m ( ^? tru/y vet]ans :o1 occasionally ev5 9 our be/ weekly & regul>ly 9 our morn+ & ev5+ pap]s1 are expect$ to d duty = s5se4 ,:]ev] ! blue p5cil or /&>diz$ phrase has left too deep a w\nd or gross a blemi% ,i h _h to rewrite4 ,&1 z ,i h r>ely succe$$ 9 recov]+ ! orig9al idea1 ,i h _h to borr[ f my lat] ?\ght4 ,( su* pat*+ ,i h be5 z ?rifty z possible3 also1 ,i h n attempt$ to squ>e ! op9ions & s5tim5ts ( e>ly days ) my lat] pron\ncem5ts1 s1 ,i make no d\bt1 "s v clev] read]s w h ! pleasure ( cat*+ me 9 inconsi/5cy4 ,if !y are really clev] !y w cat* me 9 worse ?+s ?an t1 9 pu]ility = in/ance1 & affectation1 to say no?+ ( blasphemy & s$ition4 ,z = consi/5cy1 ,i seem consi/5tly to h c>$ mu* = f\r ?+s--,art1 ,tru?1 ,lib]ty & ,peace4 ,i 0 nev] mu* 9 sympa?y ) my age4 ,) my y\?ful /yle ,i %\ld n v5ture to tamp] ev5 7 ,i consci\s ( any important *ange 9 my !ory ( composition or p[] ( expression4 ,& ,i am n4 ,i write m flu5tly n[adays & !re=e1 probably1 worse4 ,x _c be help$4 ,x *>ms me to notice z ,i read ^! essays ) :at c>e & consci5ce !y are done4 ,magna cum cura atque dilig5tia scripsit--!y are n f> f ,lat9 ,gramm> days4 ,precisely on acc\nt ( ^! qualities !y h suff]$ mu* f editorial am5dm5t1 & on _! acc\nt ,i h be5 cons]vative 9 a matt] :]e ano!r policy w\ld1 ,i d>e say1 h be5 m to ! ta/e ( "s connoisseurs4 ,! matt] 9 "q is t ( ! gr& editorial ,we4 ,t1 z y may suppose1 0 ! p]son 9 :i* ,pallas habitually address$ h] att5tive suppliants2 t 0 ! p]son 9 :i* ^! articles 7 writt52 & exp]im5t has %[n t to sub/itute ,i1 my1 & m9e = we1 our1 & ours1 de/roys inv>iably ! texture ( ! prose4 ,:e!r ?is e>ly prose ( m9e 0 good is n = me to decide2 b t x 0 closely knit is indisputable1 & a s5sitive critic :o c>$ to tease himself ) trifles c\ld discov]1 ,i fancy1 f /yli/ic evid5ce1 j :i* passages h be5 int]polat$4 ,! articles borr[$ f ! ,burl+ton ,magaz9e1 ! ,nation1 ! ,new ,/atesman1 ! ,int]national ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics1 & ! ,cambridge ,magaz9e--to ! editors ( :i* ,i h]e) t5d] cu/om>y ?anks = cu/om>y fav\rs--all hav+ appe>$ ov] my signature 71 ( c\rse1 all writt5 9 ! fir/ p]son s+ul>4 ,any "o :o did me ! hon\r ( read+ my book1 ,art1 s att5tively z n[ to notice t to its mak+ w5t c]ta9 qu>ry+s f ^! articles1 w h enjoy$ x en\gh1 ,i hope1 n to res5t be+ occasionally rem9d$ ( x4 ,& "h ,i might end a t$i\s lett]3 b fir/1 if y w be> ) me1 ,i %\ld l to say a ^w on a subject 9 :i* bo? y & ,i are int]e/$4 ,i h %[n s mu* humility 9 contra/+ ^! reviews ) ^? ( ,mr4 ,b5nett t ,i w p]mit myself "o comm5t1 by no means 9 disp>agem5t ( ,books & ,p]sons1 b 9 ! hope t he1 or inde$ any "o :o conc]ns himself ) lit]>y criticism1 may pr(it by x4 ,9 "o respect ,i d fancy myself a bett] critic ?an ,mr4 ,b5nett2 = ?\gh1 d\btless1 ,i lack mo/ ( ^? qualities t make 8 book a positive pleasure to read1 ,i lack also 8 indiscrim9ation4 ,p>tly1 ?is comes ( my n be+ :at he calls himself--a creative arti/1 j z x results 9 my n us+ t t]m :5 ,i mean an intellig5t p]son2 b *iefly x is t ,i am1 ,i believe1 almo/ free f t prov9cialism 9 "t--if ,i may co9 a phrase--:i* is :at is mo/ amiss ) ,mr4 ,b5nett's critical app>atus4 ,x is a great pity ,mr4 ,b5nett %\ld be prov9cial 9 any s5se1 = 9 ! common he is n2 on ! contr>y1 he is "o :o has liv$ 9 ,france1 ev5 z ,fr5*m5 live !re1 )\t be+ m ?an a little %ock$4 ,he has read a good _m books1 bo? old & new2 he is "o :o c>es = lit]ature manife/ly3 !n :y does he call ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells a great imag9ative arti/8 ,i w n swe> to ! epi!ts--,i h n 8 book by me--b ,i am sure he is too c&id to d5y t if he has n us$ !m he has us$ _! equival5ts4 ,?is mu* ,i "k he has said--= ,i made a note :5 ,i read ! essay--a/\nd+ wid? ( obs]vation1 a m>vell\sly true p]spective1 an extraord9>y grasp ( ! real significance ( innum]able ph5om5a utt]ly div]se1 pr(\nd emotional p[]1 dazzl+ v]bal skill4 ,n[1 my de> ,:itwor?1 if ,i 7 to say t sort ( ?+ ab\t ,m>ivaux y w\ld raise y\r eyebr[s--y "k y w\ld4 ,yet ,i suppose no compet5t judge ( lit]ature w pret5d t ! novels ( ,m>ivaux--to say no?+ ( ! com$ies--are inf]ior to ^? ( ,mr4 ,wells4 ,pray read aga9 ,le ,paysan ,p>v5u--all except ! eigh? & la/ "p1 ab\t :i* ,i c't help ?9k+ !re is "s my/]y--& !n try ,mr4 ,britl+4 ,b if by ,mr4 ,b5nett's /&>ds we are to give ,m>ivaux 8 due1 :at is !re left to say ab\t ,%akespe>e8 ,prov9cialism 9 "t is z fatal to judgm5t z ! m notori\s sort1 & a defective s5se ( proportion is at ! root ( bo?4 ,consid] ,engli% noveli/s ( ! la/ hundr$ ye>s4 ,:o b a fool d>e pr$ict confid5tly = any liv+ ,engli%man1 save ,h>dy1 s mu* immortality z belongs to ,galt's ,annals ( ! ,p>i%1 or ,mrs4 ,oliphant's ,beleagur$ ,city8 ,n[ :at figure1 ?9k y1 w\ld a critic cut :o bespr9kl$ ^! writ]s ) su* complim5ts z ,mr4 ,b5nett pepp]s 8 contempor>ies )al8 ,y ne$ n answ]4 ,mr4 ,b5nett is a fri5d ( ! firm4 ,_h ,mr4 ,b5nett lo/ 8 head ab\t contempor>ies :o 7 attempt+ to solve new arti/ic problems ,i c\ld und]/& x4 ,"y writ]s wax ov]-en?usia/ic ab\t ,la=gue & ,*>les-,l\is ,philippe--bo? ( :om1 by ! way1 di$ "s ye>s ago--& are n mu* to blame on t acc\nt2 nei!r %\ld ,i h ! lea/ difficulty 9 =giv+ myself 7 x to turn out--z x w n--t ,i _h said too mu* 9 praise ( ,matisse or ,picasso4 ,! arti/ :o ev5 appe>s to h discov]$ or r$iscov]$ an in/rum5t ( expression or to h ext5d$ by "o semitone ! gamut ( /hetic exp]i5ce is b\nd to turn ! be/ heads ( 8 age4 ,7 x possible to ov]rate ,czanne1 n to d s w\ld be a m>k ( ins5sibility4 ,i 0 nev] mu* impress$ by ^? sup]ior p]sons ( an e>li] age :o f ! fir/ saw ?r\gh ,wagn]2 !re 0 a "t :5 to dislike ,wagn] 01 9 n9ety-n9e cases out ( a hundr$1 a sign n ( sup]iority b ( /upidity4 ,! arti/s1 h[ev]1 :om ,mr4 ,b5nett belauds s uncritically1 are n ( ?is sort4 ,9 my judgm5t1 ,mr4 ,wells1 ,mr4 ,george ,moore1 & ! late ,sir ,john ,galswor?y are n arti/s at all3 be t z x may1 pa/ "q !y are arti/ically conv5tional & ?or\ghly 9 ! tradition ( ,briti% fiction4 ,( c\rse !y write ( motor-c>s & telephones :]e an old] g5]ation wrote ( railway-tra9s & telegrams1 & ( ! deuximes1 troisimes or quatre-v+t-diximes :]e _! gr&mo!rs wrote ( les premi]s am\rs2 also1 !y c ref] to ! ,almighty 9 ! ?ird p]son )\t bur/+ into capitals4 ,b 9 ?is !re is no m arti/ic novelty ?an !re w\ld be 9 a picture ( an a]oplane pa9t$ 9 ! mann] ( ,+res4 ,nei!r is !re any discr$it2 v mu* ! same might be said ( our ?ree be/ liv+ noveli/s--,h>dy1 ,conrad1 & ,virg9ia ,woolf1 all ( :om are m or less traditional1 z is ,anatole ,france1 p]haps ! be/ noveli/ alive4 ,a fir/-rate unconv5tional "w ( art is n a /raw bett] ?an a conv5tional "o1 & to become slightly light-head$ ab\t ei!r is n only p]missible b seemly4 ,nev]!less1 to g silly ov] a m$iocre innovation is f> m excusable ?an to be tak5 9 by its equival5t 9 a famili> /yle4 ,:ile to rave ab\t ,messrs4 ,wells1 ,moore & ,galswor?y seems to me %ock+4 ,surely !re c be no difficulty ab\t treat+ ^! writ]s z ord9>y citiz5s ( ! ,republic ( ,lett]s--a /ate1 let u try to rememb]1 t n only ext5ds 9 space beyond ! horizons ( ,toot+ b 9 "t beyond ! ,edw>dian & ev5 ! ,victorian era4 ,a critic1 ,i submit1 %\ld judge a "w ( art1 n 9 relation to ! age & circum/ances 9 :i* x 0 produc$1 b by an absolute /&>d bas$ on ! :ole corpus ( t art to :i* ! p>ticul> "w belongs4 ,we d n want to he> h[ good ,tono-,bungay seems by comp>ison ) ,mrs4 ,w>d's la/ production4 ,m>vell\s1 no d\bt3 s1 no d\bt1 are ,mrs4 ,w>d's intellectual gifts by comp>ison ) ^? ( a walrus4 ,b we want to h ,mrs4 ,w>d judg$ z a specim5 ( ,humanity & ,tono-,bungay z a specim5 ( ,lit]ature4 ,x mu/ be tri$ by ! /&>ds we try ,tri/ram ,%&y & ,la ,pr9cesse de ,clves by4 ,h[1 !n1 does x /&8 ,) ,liaisons ,dang]euses8 ,h>dly4 ,well1 is x ( ! class ( ,evel9a or ( ,adolphe1 or ( ,consuelo ev58 ,mr4 ,b5nett c be z %>p z a special con/able ) ,?ack]ay3 is x z good z ,p5d5nis8 ,&1 unless x be inf9itely bett]1 :at s5se is !re 9 despis+ ,?ack]ay & extoll+ ,mr4 ,wells8 ,pray1 ,mr4 ,b5nett1 h[ good is ?is book8 ,let u see2 ,i ?9k ,i h a note on ! subject3 8 sci5tific romances are on ! plane ( epic poetry & 9 ',tono-,bungay' he has a*iev$ ! same feat1 magnifi$ by t5--or a hundr$2 !re are passages t[>d ! close ( ! book :i* may fitly be comp>$ ) ! lyrical fre$oms ( no matt] :at epic1 & :i* display an unsurpassable dext]ity ( h&4 ,& n[ :at are we to say ( ,manon ,lescaut8 ,t x is a million times bett] ?an ,milton & knocks spots (f ,hom]8 ,b all ?is ?\gh di/ress+ is n conclusive2 x proves prov9ciality b x proves no?+ worse4 ,mr4 ,b5nett may really h be5 ?9k+ all ! "t ( ,rob]t ,elsm]e & ,! ,epic ( ,hades4 ,ab\t ano!r ( 8 fav\rites1 h[ev]1 he is m precise3 ,i re-read ',a ,man ( ,prop]ty1' he says1 imm$iately aft] re-read+ ,do/oievsky's ',crime & ,puni%m5t1' & imm$iately be=e re-read+ ,bjrnson's ',arne4' ,x ranks well ) ^! ,european ma/]pieces4 ,i repeat t 9 "o respect ,i am a bett] critic ?an ,mr4 ,b5nett4 ,?is "q ( criticism fasc9ates me4 ,x int]e/s ,mr4 ,b5nett1 too1 & he has writt5 sev]al compet5t & surpris+ly confid5t articles on ! subject4 ,i c\ld almo/ wi% to discuss "o ( !m ) him4 ,i w\ld help him to und]/& ,col]idge & tell him ab\t ,dryd5's essays & ,johnson's ,lives ( ! ,poets1 & ,i w\ld assure him1 too1 x 0 n ,i :o wrote t un=tunate review ( ,conrad t gets su* an exempl>y drubb+ at 8 h&s = its self-complac5t imbecility4 ,he ought to "k t1 or he w ?9k t ,i speak out ( malice4 ,he says t ,engl& has ne$ ( a lit]>y critic4 ,i agree4 ,& ,i agree t ?is critic mu/ n be ( t pr(essorial bre$ ) :i* he deals s fai?fully1 n "o :o w date y e l9e 9 ,%akespe>e on int]nal evid5ce & !n oblig+ly pron\nce ,sir ,ar?ur ,conan ,doyle our greate/ liv+ writ]4 ,he w ne$ ! intellig5ce1 ! fir/-h& views1 ! op5 m9d1 ! g5u9e ta/e = books1 ! respect = art & irrev]5ce = p]sons ( ,mr4 ,b5nett himself2 &1 z ,i h h9t$1 he w ne$ "o or two qualities = :i* ,mr4 ,b5nett is n s well (f4 ,he mu/ be a resolute critic ( lit]ature & n an au?ority on curr5t reputations2 he mu/ h en\gh natural ta/e to recognize a "w ( art 9 odd company1 new clo!s1 or fancy dress2 he mu/ be ! sort ( p]son :o w\ld h se5 at a glance t ,kipl+ or ,paul ,b\rget 0 n ! real ?+2 he mu/ be a s*ol> & a man ( ! intellectual _w3 & he mu/ be z incapable ( call+ ,mr4 ,george ,moore a great arti/ or speak+ ( a fir/-rate beautiful ?+ by t g5tleman z ,mr4 ,b5nett is ( eat+ peas ) 8 knife4 ,! critic ( our dreams--,mr4 ,b5nett's & m9e--has yet to be f\nd4 ,y w n imag9e1 surely1 t ,i am putt+ myself =w>d z a c&idate8 ,"h y w f9d v few ( ! virtues & "s1 ,i suspect1 ( ! critical vices to :i* ,i h allud$ 9 ?is lett]4 ,b y ne$ n fe>1 my de> ,:itwor?1 t ,i am n[ go+ to tax y\r good nature by an elaborate def5ce ( ^! ess5tially insignificant pap]s4 ,!y are an odd lot1 & ,i ?9k !re are b two--! two la/--t ,i am n a little a%am$ ( repr9t+4 ,cle>ly1 7 ,i n[ to write on ! same !mes ,i %\ld h some?+ v diff]5t to say & %\ld say x diff]5tly4 ,hone/ly1 ,i believe ^! ?+s are wor? read+2 ,i c say no m = !m & ,i %all hold him g5]\s :o says z mu*4 ,b ! pleasure ,i %all d]ive f see+ !m pr9t$ & (f my h&s w be z great almo/ z t :i* ,i felt :51 f\r ye>s ago1 y1 or y\r firm r1 did me ! hon\r ( publi%+ a book to :i* ,i atta*$1 & cont9ue to atta*1 a good deal ( importance4 ,"h ,i am h>ve/+ my wild oats2 & t de$ done1 ,i expect to feel :at a regul> b r humdrum s9n] mu/ feel z he returns f ,confession4 ,quit ( my pa/1 ,i %all be ready to turn ov] a new leaf4 ,i %all be able1 if ,i please1 to approa* life f a new angle & try my luck 9 unexplor$ c\ntries1 s f>1 t is1 z ! ,european situation p]mits4 ,c4 ,b4 ,febru>y #aiah4 ,,montaigne ,,9 ,,facsimile#a ,sid5ote3 ,a!num ,jan4 #aiac ,let x be und]/ood at once t ! appe>ance ( ?is magnific5t "w is a bibliophilic r ?an a lit]>y ev5t4 ,! lit]>y ev5t 0 ! publication by ,m4 ,=tunat ,/r[ski1 9 #aiji1 ( ,l',edition ,municipale1 an exact transcription ( t annotat$ copy ( ! #aehh qu>to kn[n to fame z ,l',exemplaire de ,bordeaux4 ,:at ! same em95t s*ol> gives u n[ is a reproduction 9 phototype ( ,l',exemplaire4 ,any "o1 !re=e1 :o goes to ^! volumes 9 se>* ( lit]>y discov]ies is =$oom$ to disappo9tm5t4 ,inde$1 ! same might h be5 said ( ,l',edition ,municipale2 = ! ,mo!au et ,j\au/ edition1 repr9t$ by ,,mm4 ,flamm>ion 9 _! ,biblio?que classique1 0 complete en\gh to satisfy all b ! mo/ meticul\s s*ol>s1 :ile = g5]al lit]>y purposes ! edition publi%$ 9 #aeie1 ?ree ye>s aft] ! au?or's dea?1 by 8 niece1 ,mlle4 de ,g\rnay1 is suffici5t & adequate4 ,?\gh five editions ( ! ,essais 7 pr9t$ dur+ _! au?or's life--#aehj & #aehb at ,bordeaux1 #aehd 7probably7 & #aehg at ,p>is1 #aehh at ,bordeaux--to critics 9 se>* ( dramatic spiritual *anges a comp>ative /udy w af=d b meagre sport4 ,to be sure1 ! editions ( '#hd & '#hg 7 no?+ m ?an :at we %\ld n[ call repr9ts2 b ! edition ( #aehh1 ( :i* ,l',exemplaire de ,bordeaux is a copy1 repres5ts s ?or\gh an ov]haul+ & s g5]\s an enl>g+ ( ! old book t "s h be5 tempt$ to reckon x a new "o4 ,yet1 ?\gh x g>n]s ! fruit ( eight f]tile ye>s ( travel & public s]vice1 x reveals no />tl+ *ange 9 ! outlook1 nor 9 :at is m important1 ! insight1 ( its au?or4 ,we ne$ feel no surprise4 ,_h ,montaigne be5 ! sort ( man ^: views & s5tim5ts are pr(\ndly affect$ by travel or (fice1 he w\ld n h be5 ! object ( t cult ( :i* ! ?ree volumes be=e u are ! late/1 & p]haps ! mo/ significant1 monum5t4 ,t is a peculi> man ^: cross+s & dott+s & deletions are judg$ wor?y ( photographic record by ! au?orities ( a great indu/rial city4 ,montaigne 0 ?or\ghly normal1 n to say commonplace1 9 8 ability to pass ?r\gh =eign c\ntries )\t suff]+ any?+ s al>m+ z a conv]sion4 ,he left home on 8 travels 9 ,g]many1 ,switz]l&1 & ,italy1 a le>n$ & extremely intellig5t man ( affairs1 :o _h tak51 r late 9 life p]haps1 to play+ ! "p ( a ,fr5* c\ntry g5tleman2 he return$ ) a /ore ( acute obs]vations & pleasant anecdotes1 a little old]1 a little mell[]1 o!rwise un*ang$4 ,( ^? magically exp&$ views1 ^? sudd5 yawn+s ( sympa!tic dep?s1 t n[adays e "o may c\nt on w9n+1 if n by a week 9 ,brittany1 at any rate by a mon? 9 ,manitoba1 we f9d sc>cely a trace4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury t sort ( ?+ 0 unusual4 ,ev5 9 ^? days !re 7 p ( extraord9>y s5sibility = :om life 0 a succession ( miracles1 :o ) difficulty recogniz$ !mselves f ye> to ye>1 to :om go+ abroad 0 an emotional adv5ture1 a supreme revelation3 b ( ^! ,montaigne 0 n "o4 ,him1 l "s o!rs1 *ange seems m]ely to h confirm$ 9 8 native pr$ispositions & prejudices4 ,z he grew old] he grew va9]1 r m g>rul\s1 fond] ( 8 fav\rite au?ors1 & a little less op5-m9d$2 & 8 travels 7 no?+ m ?an a long & agreeable /age on ! longe/ j\rney4 ,!re are p = :om travel provides no?+ b supplem5t>y evid5ce 9 a cause t has already be5 judg$4 ,^? :o c f9d no?+ good at home w smack _! lips ov] ! s\re/ w9es abroad2 & ,old ,meynell ne$ n h left 8 g>d5 to arrive at t conclusion comm5d$ by ,dr4 ,johnson3 ,= any?+ ,i see1 =eign]s are fools4 ,montaigne 0 n ( ^!1 ei!r2 too normal to be above patriotism1 he 0 too pr\d & too intellig5t to be bl9dly patriotic4 ,montaigne 0 ! ideal man-9-!-/reet4 ,we d n mean t he 0 typical2 b if !re are m5-9-!-/reet 9 heav51 !y w resemble ,montaigne4 ,& ?\gh we rank a ?ird-rate sa9t or arti/ a great deal high] ?an a fir/-rate good fell[1 we recognize t !re is some?+ ab\t any k9d ( p]fection t dazzles ev5 ^? :o are mo/ alive to its ess5tial inf]iority4 ,montaigne is ! exempl> ( good feel+ & good s5se2 9 him we see ^? qualities *att+ on t]ms ( famili>ity ) g5ius & inspiration4 ,he held ! views t all s5sible p w\ld hold if only all 7 z intellig5t & b5evol5t z !y hone/ly believe !mselves to be2 he express$ !m 9 a =m appropriate to1 & !re=e limit$ by1 8 subject1 b1 )9 ^? limits1 p]fect4 ,! =m 9 :i* ,montaigne express$ himself 0 new to ,fr5* lit]ature4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury !re 0 a recogniz$ lit]>y /yle bas$ on ! ,lat9 p]iod4 ,s5t5ces 7 long1 sonor\s1 & circuit\s4 ,x 0 a language well suit$ to ^? :o foll[$ ! pr(ession ( lett]s1 b uns]viceable to "o :o w\ld communicate 8 ?\ghts & feel+s to o!rs4 ,montaigne 0 n a pr(essional au?or2 he 0 a c\ntry g5tleman ) some?+ ( 8 own to say4 ,! lit]ature ( ! pr(essionals 0 an +5i\s & ab/ract sup]/ructure built up ov] an idea or an emotion4 ,montaigne wi%$ to set d[n ! orig9al ?\ght or feel+ z x sprang1 hot1 f ! m9d2 &1 z orig9al ?\ghts & feel+s pres5t !mselves always ) ! =ce ( s5sations1 he gave !m ! =ms ( s5sations--t is to say1 he wrote 9 images4 ,he express$ 8 philosophy ( good s5se 9 %ort1 h>d1 col\r$ s5t5ces1 keep+ !m z close z possible to ! nak$ ?\ghts !y convey$4 ,t 9 pr9t !y appe> z long z ^? ( 8 contempor>ies is a m]e accid5t ( typography2 = almo/ e semicolon 9 ! ,essais "o may sub/itute a full /op3 v r>ely is ! long s5t5ce 9 ,montaigne a p]iod4 ,l mo/ s5sible m51 ,montaigne _h an unreasonable fondness = reason2 unlike mo/1 he possess$ an intellect t %[$ him ! f9al consequ5ces ( 8 fancy4 ,n only h we no suffici5t reason = believ+ t we "k any?+1 we h none = affirm+ t we "k no?+4 ,by %e] reasonabl5ess we are r$uc$ to a /ate ( pure ,pyrrhonism1 :]e1 l ! poor donkey1 we mu/ die ( />vation midway betwe5 two equally l>ge & equally appetiz+ bundles ( hay4 ,an affectation ( sup]ior ignorance has be5 a fav\rite lit]>y device f ! days ( ! ,prea*] to ^? ( ,anatole ,france4 ,montaigne loves to tease & conf\nd u ) a ,que say-ie1 he has ! common lit]>y ta/e = humiliat+ unsympa!tic read]s2 b he has also a ta/e = hone/y n s common1 ev5 9 lit]ature4 ,d\bt is a m>k ( good s5se3 hone/ d\bt is a m>k ( g5ius almo/4 ,9 8 reflective mom5ts ! reasonable man incl9es to believe t reason c prove no?+--except :at he believes4 ,h[ fe>lessly did ^? n9ete5?-c5tury apo/les ( ,reason make havoc 9 ! p>l\rs ( meek curates & sp9/]s1 ?und]+ aga9/ ! altoge!r insuffici5t gr\nds on :i* 7 accept$ ! surpris+ adv5tures ( ,noah & 8 ,ark6 ,b :5 !y 7 told t ,reason 0 z unfri5dly to _! moral code & ! me?ods ( sci5ce z to ! ,book ( ,g5esis1 !y clapp$ h] 9 jail )\t m ado4 ,reason af=ds no solid gr\nds = hold+ a good _w bett] ?an a bad1 & ! sacr$ law ( cause & effect itself admits ( no logical demon/ration4 ,prison or ! ,mad ,h\se1 cri$ ! m5 ( good s5se2 ,montaigne 0 m ?or\gh--,tol]ance1 said he4 ,l ! man-9-!-/reet1 ,montaigne f\nd refuge f reason 9 conviction4 ,until we h =mulat$ a proposition reason has no excuse = int]f]5ce2 & emotional convictions prec$e intellectual propositions4 ,only1 z we h no means ( judg+ betwe5 convictions1 we mu/ rememb] t ! firm & dis9t]e/$ convictions ( o!rs are z respectable z our own3 aga9 we mu/ tol]ate4 ,to cr$it ,montaigne ) t sublime lib]ality :i* is summ$ up 9 ! mo/ sublime ( all ,*ri/ian aphorisms--,judge n1 & ?\ %alt n be judg$--w\ld be absurd4 ,montaigne 0 a ,pagan1 & 8 high conception ( tol]ance & humanity 0 d]iv$ entirely f ! great pagan philosoph]s4 ,( !m he 0 a pr(\nd & s9c]e disciple1 s x is n surpris+ t 8 ideas 7 f> 9 advance ( ^? ( 8 age1 & ( ours4 ,= in/ance1 he hat$ brutality4 ,bo? 8 own nature & t f9e ,a!nian humanity :i* by /udy he _h made 8 own 7 revolt$ by b>b>\s puni%m5ts4 ,t !re may be m5 too vile to live seem$ to him1 d\btless1 a t5able op9ion--he c\ld =get all ab\t ! fallibility ( human judgm5ts--b ,quant moy1 he says1 en la iu/ice mesme1 t\t ce qui e/ au del de la mort simple1 me semble pure cruaut4 ,to hurt o!rs = our own good is n1 he dimly p]ceiv$1 to cut a v magnanim\s figure4 ,to call x hurt+ !m = _! own1 he w\ld h ?\ght damnable2 b t piece ( hypocrisy is ! inv5tion ( a m enlight5$ age4 ,torture he abhorr$4 ,assur$ly ,montaigne w\ld h be5 m at home 9 ! /reets ( ,p]iclean ,a!ns ?an 9 ^? ( sixte5?-c5tury ,bordeaux or tw5tie?-c5tury ,london4 ,no?+ illu/rates bett] ,montaigne's ess5tial paganism ?an 8 passionate admiration = magnanimity4 ,t 0 ! virtue he lov$4 ,high c\rage & =titude1 dignity1 pati5ce1 & g5]osity--^! are qualities1 examples ( :i* nev] fail to /rike a sp>k ( en?usiasm f 8 calm nature4 ,he is nev] tir$ ( extoll+ ! con/ancy ( ,socrates & ,cato1 ! c\rage ( ,cs>1 ! g5]osity ( ,alex&]1 ! great & gr&iose actions ( ! h]oes ( antiquity4 ,inde$1 ?is admiration = c\rage & dignity s transports him t once1 at any rate1 he surpasses mo/ pagan philosoph]s1 & jo9s h&s ) ! late/ & mo/ ,*ri/ian ( ,*ri/ian morali/s3 ,a quoy faire n\s allons n\s g5d>mant p> ces ef=ts de la sci5ce8 ,reg>dons t]re1 les pauvres g5s que n\s y voyons esp&us1 la te/e pan*ante apres leur besongne3 qui ne sav5t ny ,ari/ote ny ,caton1 ny exemple ny precepte4 ,de ceux-l1 tire ,nature t\s les i\rs1 des effects de con/ance et de pati5ce1 plus purs et plus roides1 que ne sont ceux que n\s e/udions si curieusem5t en l'escole4 ,combi5 en vois ie ord9airem5t1 qui mescognoiss5t la pauvret3 combi5 qui desir5t la mort1 ou qui la pass5t sans al>me et sans affliction8 ,celui l qui f\it mon i>d91 il a ce mat9 ent]r son p]e ou son fils4 ,les noms mesme1 dequoy ils appell5t les maladies1 en add\ciss5t et amolliss5t l'aspret4 ,la ph?ysie1 c'e/ la t\x p\r eux3 la dys5t]ie1 devoym5t d'e/oma*3 un pleuresis1 c'e/ un morfondem5t3 et selon qu'ils les nomm5t d\cem5t1 ils les support5t aussi4 ,elles sont bi5 griefves1 qu& elles romp5t leur travail ord9aire3 ils ne s'allit5t que p\r m\rir4 ,?is passage is exceptional2 x is n ! less s9c]e4 ,( its s9c]ity no "o :o reads & feels c d\bt4 ,b g5]ally ! in/ances ( eximi\s virtue are :at ,montaigne delights to hon\r4 ,no?+ 9 him is m lovable ?an ?is passionate h]o-wor%ip2 & :at quality is m lovable or m common 9 ! ord9>y man8 ,le plus sage des ,franais1 ,sa9te-,beuve call$ him2 ! judgm5t is typical ( ! critic & 8 age4 ,we ne$ n /ay to qu>rel ) x4 ,we c hold t !re is a high] wisdom ?an ! que/ ( gold5 m$iocrity )\t disp>ag+ ei!r ,horace or 8 disciple4 ,if ! man-9-!-/reet be "o :o approa*es ! obvi\s 9 ! _s ( a pione]1 we mu/ admit t ,montaigne rises sup]ior to 8 class1 = he n only explor$ t c\ntry1 b possess$ & cultivat$ x too1 & =c$ x to yield an ampl] h>ve/ ( good s5se & humanity ?an any o!r husb&man be=e or s9ce4 ,france has ev] be5 ri*1 & is z ri* z ev]1 9 m5 :o h kn[n h[ to sacrifice ! %ad[ to ! sub/ance2 9 fanatics :o h pursu$ )\t pause or divagation dreams ( impossible ,utopias & unatta9able good2 9 ideali/s :o h joyfully giv5 all to love1 to art1 to religion1 & to logic4 ,x is n inappropriate1 !re=e1 t ,france %\ld h produc$ 9 an age ( turmoil & t]rible madness ! man :o exalt$ ! cult ( mod]ation to ! heights ( sublime philosophy4 ,,footnote3 #a ,reproduction en ,phototypie de l',exemplaire1 avec ,notes manuscrites m>g9ales1 des ,essais de ,montaigne app>t5ant la ,ville de ,bordeaux4 ,publie1 avec une ,introduction1 p> ,=tunat ,/r[ski4 #c vols4 7,p>is1 ,ha*ette47 ,,ibs5#b ,sid5ote3 ,a!num ,june #aiab ,0 x *ance made ,mr4 ,ellis ,rob]ts m5tion ,czanne on ! f\r? page ( a book ab\t ,ibs58 ,"o _c ?9k s4 ,simil>ities 9 ! "w & circum/ances ( ! two m5 c h>dly h escap$ him4 ,born )9 a doz5 ye>s ( ea* o!r 7,ibs5 0 born 9 #ahbh71 bo? matur$ 9 a p]iod :5 ! pr(essions ( writ+ & pa9t+ 7 labori\sly cultivat$ at ! exp5se ( art4 ,ea*1 unguid$ except by 8 own s5se ( dissatisfaction ) 8 surr\nd+s1 f\nd a way ?r\gh ! sl\ghs ( romance & ! des]ts ( realism1 to ! high c\ntry beyond !m4 ,bo? s\ght & bo? f\nd ! same ?+--! ?+ above lit]ature & pa9t+1 ! /uff out ( :i* great lit]ature & pa9t+ are made4 ,! ,romantics & ,reali/s 7 l p com+ to cuffs ab\t :i* is ! m important ?+ 9 an orange1 ! hi/ory ( ,spa9 or ! numb] ( pips4 ,! in/9ct ( ! romantic1 invit$ to say :at he felt ab\t any?+1 0 to recall its associations4 ,a rose made him ?9k ( qua9t g>d5s & graci\s ladies & ,edmund ,wall] & sundials1 & a ?\s& pleasant ?+s t1 at "o "t or ano!r1 _h befall5 him or "s "o else4 ,a rose t\*$ life at a hundr$ pretty po9ts4 ,a rose 0 int]e/+ because x _h a pa/4 ,on ?is ! reali/'s comm5t 0 ,mu%6 or words to t effect4 ,9 l pr$icam5t1 he w\ld give a detail$ acc\nt ( ! prop]ties ( ,rosa setig]a1 n =gett+ to m5tion ! urn-%ap$ calyx-tube1 ! five imbricat$ lobes1 or ! op5 corolla ( five obovate petals4 ,to an ,ibs5 or a ,czanne "o acc\nt w\ld appe> z irrelevant z ! o!r1 s9ce bo? omitt$ ! ?+ t matt]$1 :at philosoph]s us$ to call ! ?+ 9 itself1 :at n[ !y w\ld call ! ess5tial reality3 ,,solness4 444 ,d y read mu*8 ,,hilda4 ,no1 nev]6 ,i h giv5 x up4 ,= x all seems s irrelevant4 ,,solness4 ,t is j my feel+4 ,x 0 j :at ! books left out t ,ibs5 want$ to express4 ,he soon work$ ?r\gh ! romantic tradition4 ,x hamp]$ him long en\gh to prev5t ,pe] ,gynt f becom+ a great poem2 aft] t he f\nd himself on ! ?re%old ( a _w :]e ev]y?+ matt]$ too mu* 9 itself = its associations to be ( consequ5ce4 ,attempt+ to analyse ,ibs5's *>act]s us$ to be a pa/ime = fools2 to-day1 we all "k t !y come f t _w :]e ev]y?+ has be5 r$uc$ to an ess5ce t defies analysis4 ,!re ,ibs5 0 nev] s completely at home z ,czanne2 he lack$ ! imag9ation by :i* alone "o arrives & rema9s 9 ! _w ( reality4 ,8 vision 0 m unc]ta9 & s 8 fai? 0 weak]4 ,he 0 a less f]oci\sly s9c]e arti/4 ,:5 vision began to fail he took refuge 9 a catalogue ( facts or 9 unconv9c+ symbolism3 ,czanne toss$ 8 picture into a bu%4 ,p]haps t is :y a new g5]ation1 hungry = great contempor>y art1 turns m hopefully to pa9t+ ?an to lit]ature4 ,?irty ye>s ago x w\ld h be5 mislead+ to say1 :at is und\bt$ly true1 t x is z an arti/ t ,ibs5 is great4 ,to call a man a good arti/ came to mu* ! same ?+ z call+ him a good p+-pong play]3 x impli$ t he 0 pr(ici5t 9 8 own bus9ess2 x did n imply t he 0 a great man :o affect$ life greatly4 ,!re=e _m p :o und]/ood ,ibs5 & 7 mov$ by 8 plays pref]r$ to call him a political ?9k] or a social re=m]2 :ile _! enemies1 ! /hetes1 7 v will+ to call him a great arti/1 s9ce by do+ s !y excus$ !mselves f pay+ ! lea/ att5tion to any?+ t he said4 ,ibs5 0 a re=m] 9 ! s5se t all great arti/s are re=m]s2 x is impossible to speak ( reality )\t criticiz+ civilization4 ,9 ! same way he 0 a politician2 x is impossible to c>e passionately ab\t art )\t c>+ ab\t ! fate ( mank9d4 ,b ,mr4 ,rob]ts is c]ta9ly "r 9 hold+ t to appreciate ,ibs5 we mu/ consid] him z an arti/4 ,ibs5 approa*$ humanity 9 ! _s ( an arti/4 ,he s\ght t ess5tial ?+ 9 m5 & wom5 by :i* we %\ld "k !m if ! devil came "o night & /ole away _! bodies2 we may call x "* if we *oose4 ,he imag9$ situations 9 :i* "* w\ld be reveal$ cle>ly4 ,! subjects ( 8 plays are (t5 problems1 because he 0 int]e/$ 9 p :o only :5 problems arise are se5 to be ess5tially diff]5t f "o ano!r1 or1 inde$1 f ! furniture ) :i* !y live4 ,!re is no reason to suppose t ,ibs5 _h any love = problems z su*2 & we are tempt$ to believe t "s mod]n problems are no?+ m ?an situations f ,ibs5's plays4 ,ibs5's me?od is ! true arti/'s me?od4 ,! reali/ writ+ ab\t p t5ds to give an inv5tory ( p]sonal peculi>ities1 & a fai?ful report ( all t is said & done4 ,! romantic hopes1 someh[1 to create an atmosph]e by sugge/+ :at he once felt = some?+ n altoge!r unlike ! matt] 9 h&4 ,ibs5 sets himself to discov] ! halfp5nywor? ( significance 9 all ?is intol]able deal ( irrelevance4 ,:i* is ! ^w1 :i* ! ge/ure1 t1 spr++ directly f ! dep?s ( "o "*1 p5etrates to ! dep?s ( ano!r8 ,:at is ! true cause ( ?is hubbub ( inconsequ5t words & contradictory actions8 ,no?+ less remote ?an ! true cause w s]ve1 no?+ else is firmly root$ 9 reality4 ,is t man express+ :at he feels or is he pay+ out :at he ?9ks he is expect$ to feel8 ,h ,i pu%$ simplification z f> z x w g8 ,are !re no trapp+s1 no ov]tones1 no?+ b :at is ess5tial to express my vision ( reality8 ,&1 above all1 is my vision absolutely %>p & sure8 ,^! 7 ! que/ions ,ibs5 _h to answ]4 ,:5 he succe$$ he 0 a great arti/1 n1 z ,mr4 ,rob]ts sugge/s1 9 ! mann] ( ,%akespe>e1 b 9 ! mann] ( s*ylus4 ,!re is no m obvi\s pro( ( ! greatness ( ,ibs5's art ?an ! p]fection ( its =m4 ,to ass]t t f9e =m always enfolds f9e ?\ght & feel+ w\ld imply a k ( lit]ature to :i* x w\ld be effront]y 9 a critic to pret5d4 ,he may be all[$1 h[ev]1 to advise any "o :o is ready ) an in/ance ( great =m enclos+ a void to v]ify 8 impressions3 x 0 ?us t "o critic at any rate came to appreciate ,goldoni & ,alfi]i4 ,be t z x may1 ?is is c]ta93 a p]fectly conceiv$ idea nev] fails to express itself 9 p]fect =m4 ,ibs5 did n %irk ! lab\r ( mak+ 8 conceptions z h>d1 & def9ite1 & self-support+ z possible4 ,no matt] h[ autobiographical "s ( 8 be/ plays may be1 he is too good an arti/ to all[ !m to lean on 8 p]sonal exp]i5ce2 !y h to /& firmly on _! own feet4 ,ibs51 !re=e1 work$ 8 conceptions to su* a degree ( h>dness & self-consi/5cy t he c\ld deta* !m f himself & /udy !m imp]sonally4 ,t is :y 8 plays are models ( =m4 ,& if !re be an ,academy ( ,lett]s t takes its duties s]i\sly1 ,rosm]%olm & ,gho/s are1 we presume1 9 ! h&s ( e "y p]son )9 its sph]e ( influ5ce4 ,! /ud5ts are %[n1 we hope1 t ,ibs5's =m is sup]b1 n because ,ibs5 paid any p>ticul> att5tion to ! precepts ( ,ari/otle1 b because1 l ,sophocles1 :o _h ! mis=tune to pr$ecease ! ,/agirite1 he knew precisely :at he want$ to say1 & address$ himself exclusively to ! task ( say+ x4 ,to a*ieve great =m is ne$$ nei!r sci5ce nor tradition1 b int5se feel+1 vigor\s ?9k+1 & imag9ation4 ,=mlessness is n a sign ( spirit$ revolt aga9/ sup]/ition2 x is a m]e indication ( muddlehead$ness4 ,! subject-matt] ( ,ibs5's plays is reality2 un=tunately1 8 imag9ation 0 n always /rong en\gh to keep a sure hold on x4 ,:5 ! vision fad$ he took refuge 9 symbolism or lit]ality4 ,!re 0 a commonplace backgr\nd to 8 m9d1 ( :i* we see too mu* 9 su* plays z ,an ,enemy ( ! ,p & ,pill>s ( ,society4 ,x is ?is commonplace & r suburban quality t tempts u occasionally to expla9 ,ibs5's popul>ity by ! fact t he repres5t$ ! revolt ( ! supremely unimportant1 ( :om !re happ5 to be q a numb] 9 ! _w4 ,) ! symbolism ( ,! ,ma/]-,build] no fault c be f\nd4 ,x is a legitimate & effective means ( express+ a s5se ( reality4 ,! !me is nev] lo/4 ,! arti/ :o sacrifices 8 human relations1 b d>e n give all1 d>e n give 8 vanity or 8 life to ! ideal1 moves /eadily to 8 inevitable doom4 ,:e!r he move 9 ! =m ( ,halv>d ,solness1 ! c[>dly ar*itect ( g5ius1 fe>less ( ideas b fe>ful ( action1 or 9 ! =m ( ! symbolical ma/]-build]1 ! arti/ :o tries to h ! be/ ( bo? worlds1 matt]s n a /raw4 ,! m$ium ( expression *anges1 b ! !me is con/ant3 ! conception is :ole4 ,t is m ?an c be said ( ,! ,lady f ! ,sea1 :]e ! symbolism comes p]il\sly ne> padd+2 or ( ,:5 ,we ,dead ,awak51 :]e x (t5 expresses no?+ relevant1 m]ely /&+ picturesquely = commonplaces1 & fill+ gaps4 ,to read "o ( ,ibs5's great plays is always ?rill+2 to read "o = ! fir/ "t is an ev5t4 ,if a savage :o took locomotives & motor-c>s = grant$1 z inexplicable creatures ( :im & fancy1 sudd5ly 7 %[n1 n by vague adumbration1 b by /raight=w>d exposition1 t !y 7 expressions ( intelligible laws controll$ by compreh5sible ma*9]y1 he c\ld n be m amaz$ ?an 0 ! n9ete5? c5tury by ,ibs54 ,= ,ibs5 took no?+ = grant$4 ,he saw little on ! surface ( life t correspond$ ) reality2 b he did n cease to believe 9 reality4 ,t 0 :]e he diff]$ bo? f ! ,phili/9es & f ! elect4 ,he saw t ! univ]se 0 some?+ v diff]5t f :at x 0 g5]ally suppos$ to be3 he saw ! futility ( popul> morals & popul> metaphysics2 b he nei!r swall[$ ! conv5tions nor ?rew up 8 h&s 9 despair1 decl>+ ! :ole ?+ to be an idiotic f>ce4 ,he knew t tru? & goodness _h no?+ to d ) law & cu/om2 b he nev] d\bt$ t !re 7 su* ?+s2 & he w5t b5ea? ! surface to f9d !m4 ,x 0 ,ibs5's revelation ( a new _w1 9 :i* moral values 7 real & conv9c+1 t ?rill$ ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & ?rills u yet4 ,c any "o read s$ately t sc5e 9 ,gho/s 9 :i* ,mrs4 ,alv+ %[s ) bewild]+ simplicity t1 h[ev] respectable ! ,pa/or's morality may be1 x is pure wick$ness8 ,,pa/or ,,m&]s4 ,y call x c[>dice to d y\r pla9 duty8 ,h y =gott5 t a son ought to love & hon\r 8 fa!r & "m8 ,,mrs4 ,,alv+4 ,d n let u talk 9 su* g5]al t]ms4 ,let u ask3 ,ought ,oswald to love & hon\r ,*amb]la9 ,alv+8 ,,m&]s4 ,is !re no voice 9 y\r "m's he>t t =bids y to de/roy y\r son's ideals8 ,,mrs4 ,,alv+4 ,b :at ab\t ! tru?8 ,,m&]s4 ,b :at ab\t ! ideals8 ,,mrs4 ,,alv+4 ,oh--ideals1 ideals6 ,if only ,i 7 n su* a c[>d6 ,ibs5's social & political ideas foll[ necess>ily f ! nature ( 8 art4 ,he knew too mu* ab\t ! dep?s ( "* to suppose t p c\ld be improv$ f )\t4 ,he agre$ ) our gr&mo!rs t :at m5 ne$ are new he>ts4 ,x is good feel+ t makes good m51 & ! sole *eck on bad feel+ is consci5ce4 ,laws1 cu/oms1 & social conv5tions he reg>d$ z ineffectual means to good4 ,!re is no virtue 9 "o :o is re/ra9$ f evil by fe>4 ,he w5t fur!r3 he reg>d$ ext]nal re/ra9ts z means to bad1 s9ce !y come betwe5 a man & 8 consci5ce & blunt ! moral s5se4 ,s long z ,i keep to ! rules1 says ! smug citiz51 ,i am ( ! righte\s4 ,ibs5 loa!d ! ,/ate1 ) its negative virtues1 its mean /&>ds1 its m$iocrity1 & its spiritual squalor4 ,he 0 a passionate individuali/4 ,p]haps no "o has se5 m cle>ly t ! ,/ate1 at its be/1 /&s = no?+ bett] ?an ! l[e/ common factor ( ! human m9d4 ,:at else c x /& =8 ,/ate ideals mu/ be ideals t are n beyond ! intellect & imag9ation ( ! av]age citiz52 also1 s9ce av]age m9ds are n p]vi\s to reason1 ! reason+ ( /atesm5 mu/ be rhetoric4 ,/ate morals--law & cu/om t is to say--are no?+ m ?an excuses = n bo!r+ ab\t consci5ce4 ,b ,ibs51 be+ an arti/1 knew t he :o w\ld save 8 s\l mu/ d :at he feels to be "r1 n :at is said to be s4 ,feel+ is ! only guide1 & ! man :o does :at he feels to be wrong does wrong1 :atev] ! ,/ate may say4 ,! pla91 ?\gh by no means frank1 det]m9ation ( society to suppress ! individual consci5ce le/ x %\ld cla% ) ! int]e/s ( ! community seems positively to h %ock$ him4 ,to be f9e1 he believ$1 m5 mu/ ?9k & feel = !mselves & live by _! own s5se ( tru? & beauty1 n by collective wisdom or rea*-me-d[n ideals4 ,:at sort ( tru?s d ! majority rally r\nd8 ,tru?s s /rick5 9 ye>s t !y are s9k+ into decrepitude4 ,:5 a tru? is s old z t1 g5tlem51 x's 9 a fair way to become a lie 7,laught] & je]s74 ,h[ c\ld ,ibs5 help be+ some?+ ( a politician8 ,he seems really to h wi%$ 8 fell[-creatures to be f9e1 & to h be5 angry ) !m because !y wi%$ to be no?+ ( ! sort4 ,he did n und]/& t ?is passionate individualism1 ?is s5se ( p]sonal responsibility1 ?is claim to private judgm5t1 is :at no mod]n ,/ate1 be x democratic1 bureaucratic or autocratic1 c tol]ate4 ,m5 long = ! ease & assurance ( con=mity & s soon z !y are suffici5tly organiz$ en=ce x4 ,tru? is ! enemy--crasez l'infme6 ,poor1 silly old ,/ockmann 9 ,an ,enemy ( ! ,p blurts x out1 blurts out t ! wat]-supply is contam9at$ & 8 native heal?-resort no bett] ?an a dea?-trap1 = no bett] reason ?an t he feels x is :at he ought to d4 ,he fails to consid] ! feel+s &1 :at is ev5 m important1 ! f9ancial int]e/s ( 8 neighb\rs1 & ! neighb\rs make %ort "w ( him1 z !y g5]ally d ( p :o ?9k & feel & act = !mselves--( sa9ts & arti/s 9 fact4 ,?us x comes ab\t t ! prophets are /on$ & ! be/ plays c5sor$1 :ile p su* z ,ibs5 loa! ! ,/ate ) its h]d-in/9cts1 n[ dec5tly baptiz$ h[ev]1 & kn[n z ,morality & ,idealism4 ,:e!r ,ibs5 0 9 ! "r is n = a review] to decide4 ,mr4 ,rob]ts has /rong views on ! subject1 :i* he is at no pa9s to conceal4 ,= ?is we are f> f blam+ him4 ,inde$1 we feel t ! p]sonal note import$ by ! au?or's intellectual bias gives "s flav\r to a book :i*1 ow+ to ! complete abs5ce ( *>m or di/9ction1 w\ld be o!rwise insipid4 ,x is a compet5t1 b woefully un9spir+1 piece ( "w4 ,above all ?+s1 ,mr4 ,rob]ts lacks hum\r--a quality indisp5sable 9 a writ] on ,ibs54 ,= ,ibs51 l o!r m5 ( g5ius1 is slightly ridicul\s4 ,und5iably1 !re is some?+ comic ab\t ! picture ( ! ,norwegian dramati/1 spectacl$ & frock-coat$1 look+1 ,mr4 ,ar*] tells u1 l a di/+ui%$ diplomat1 at "w among/ ! orange-groves ( ,sorr5to on ,gho/s4 ,ibs5 0 ke5ly s5sitive to place1 & if we w\ld get ! utmo/ feel+ out ( 8 plays we mu/ rememb] h[ l>ge a "p 0 play$ by =tunate or un=tunate position & circum/ances 9 contribut+ to ! wond]ful 'atmosph]e' ( ! dramas4 ,t is :at ,mr4 ,rob]ts ?9ks4 ,a s5se ( hum\r w\ld also h sav$ him f ! "o black note ( s5tim5tality 9 ! book3 ,ellida might be ,solveig analys$--b analys$ ) h[ lov+ a t\*1 h[ un]r+ a k9dness2 x is z if a great surgeon 7 op]at+ on a woman he lov$4 ,su* ?+s1 we _h imag9$1 c\ld only be writt5 by memb]s ( ! ,acadmie franaise4 ,,footnote3 #b ,h5rik ,ibs53 a ,critical ,/udy4 ,by ,r4 ,ellis ,rob]ts4 7,seck]47 ,,miss ,,col]idge#c ,sid5ote3 ,a!num ,july #aiaj ,! greate/ art is1 9 a s5se1 imp]sonal4 ,we h no biographies ( ,hom] & ,sophocles1 nor d we ne$ !m4 ,( ,milton & ,keats we "k some?+2 yet1 kn[+ no?+1 %\ld we enjoy _! "w ! less8 ,x is n = :at x reveals ( ,milton t we prize ,p>adise ,lo/2 ! ,grecian ,urn lives indep5d5t ( its au?or & 8 circum/ances1 a "w ( art1 complete 9 itself4 ,precisely opposite is ! case ( ,miss ,m>y ,col]idge's poems3 !y1 :5 9 #aijh ,mr4 ,elk9 ,ma!ws produc$ a m or less complete edition1 excit$ u1 n because1 z v]se1 !y 7 p>ticul>ly good1 b because !y discov]$1 or seem$ to discov]1 an attractive "*4 ,inde$1 ,miss ,col]idge's art 0 any?+ b excit+3 h] diction 0 n beautiful1 h] rhy?ms pleas$ ! e> b mod]ately1 "o look$ 9 va9 = t magic ( expression :i* transmutes ?\ght & feel+ into poetry4 ,b if ! expression want$ magic1 t :i* 0 express$ seem$ an en*antm5t almo/4 ,! g5tle _s1 ) its ve9 ( t5d] pessimism1 9 puzzl$ revolt aga9/ ! wrongness & cruelty ( a %ad[y _w1 ! brood+ ?\ght too :imsical to be bitt]1 ! fancy too ref9$ to be boi/]\sly m]ry--all ^! conspir$ to fasc9ate u z we came to p]ceive & appreciate !m b5ea? ! r /iff little v]ses4 ,to read ,miss ,col]idge's poems 0 to make acqua9tance ) a *>m+ & delicate s\l t wi%$ to be und]/ood & 0 will+ to be intimate4 ,life a/oni%$ h]1 & h] comm5ts on life are h] poems4 ,!y are (t5 my/ical1 n to say obscure2 & ! obscurity1 z a rule1 is caus$ by vagu5ess r ?an pr(undity1 by ! fact t %e h>dly kn[s h]self :at %e feels1 or ?9ks1 or believes4 ,b f s graci\s a _s "o accepts )\t demur t :i* f ano!r w\ld n h pass$ un*all5g$4 ,miss ,col]idge bewit*$ u ) h] p]sonality2 we knew t h] poems 7 slight1 we felt t !y reveal$ a "p ( h] only1 we _h suspicions1 b we held our peace4 ,_h we turn$ to h] novels1 9 spite ( ! brilliancy ( "o ( !m--,! ,k+ ) ,two ,faces--our suspicions w\ld h be5 /r5g!n$4 ,b we did n turn2 or if we did1 !y =c$ u into no que/ion+ mood4 ,x 0 left = ?is tell-tale volume ( ,ga!r$ ,leaves to press ! "q insi/5tly1 & to answ] x4 ,! spell is brok54 ,we "k n[ bo? :y ! poems are good & :y !y are n bett]4 ,no "o w blame ,miss ,si*el = sett+ ! tru? be=e all ?+s3 cle>ly1 by publi%+ ^! /ories & essays %e supplies an opportunity ( correct+ a too flatt]+ e/imate2 b1 =esee+1 no d\bt1 t we %all avail ourselves ( x1 %e supplies also a memoir ( fifty pages on :i* our f9al e/imate is to be bas$4 ,t ?is memoir is a compet5t piece ( "w ne$ h>dly be said4 ,miss ,si*el's compet5ce is notori\s2 z an effici5t biograph] h] reputation is secure4 ,n e subject1 h[ev]1 is suit$ to h] p54 ,miss ,col]idge did n develop along conv5tional l9es2 9 fact1 %e diff]$ s disconc]t+ly f ! type ) :i* we h gr[n agreeably famili> 9 ! ,engli% ,m5 ( ,lett]s s]ies1 t1 )\t viol5ce1 %e c\ld nev] h be5 fitt$ into ! traditional m\ld4 ,h] biograph] has done ! "w ?or\ghly1 b %e is a ?\ght heavy 9 ! h&2 %e is too lit]>y1 n to say pr(essional2 %e is def9ite at all co/s4 ,%e has re/or$ ,miss ,col]idge z a ,g]man ar*ologi/ might re/ore a ,tanagra figure4 ,indet]m9ate l9es h be5 ru?lessly rectifi$ & asymmetry has gr[n symmetrical4 ,?\gh we d n sugge/ t %e misund]/ood h] fri5d1 we are sure t ! lady exhibit$ 9 ! memoir is n ! lady :o reveals h]self 9 ! poems4 ,( ! au?or ( ! poems we cat* a glimpse 9 ! fragm5ts ( lett]s & di>ies :i* =m ! p5ultimate section ( ! volume4 ,b "h1 aga91 we f9d cause = discont5t4 ,if private reasons =bade fullness1 0 x wise to pr9t scraps8 ,:y tantalize u8 ,9 ! lett]s we %\ld1 p]haps1 h recaptur$ ! lady we h lo/ 9 ! essays & /ories2 b ^! fragm5ts1 ?\gh sugge/ive1 are too slight to be consolatory3 besides1 ,miss ,col]idge 0 no co9] ( aphorisms & epigrams :o c\ld give h] mean+ 9 a h&ful ( s5t5ces4 ,"h is ! fir/ deta*$ ?\ght 9 ! book3 ',:om ! gods love die "y' & :om !y hate die old1 b :om !y hon\r1 ^! !y take up to _! et]nal habitations 9 ! ripe summ] "t ( exi/5ce4 ,"o wond]s h[ x came !re4 ,! suspicions :i* ?is volume helps to confirm1 ! melan*oly guesses x answ]s1 are t ,miss ,col]idge1 ) all h] imag9ation1 _h n ! con/ructive imag9ation ( an arti/1 & t1 9 spite ( h] gaiety & spirits1 fundam5tally %e 0 feeble4 ,! imag9ation ( an arti/1 if we may be all[$ a seem+ p>adox1 works logically4 ,n =tuit\sly1 b by "s my/]i\s necessity1 does "o vision foll[ ano!r4 ,!re is a rational1 if unconsci\s1 ord] 9 ! pageantry ( images2 !re is an inevitabl5ess 9 _! succession closely alli$ to ! logical necessity by :i* "o idea foll[s ano!r 9 a well-reason$ argum5t4 ,9 ,miss ,col]idge's m9d images arrang$ !mselves 9 no progressive ord]2 "o be>s no p>ticul> relation%ip to ano!r2 !y are disconnect$1 sporadic4 ,great imag9ation is ar*itectural2 x sets fancy ^u fancy until x has compos$ a spl5did & intelligible :ole--a valid ca/le 9 ! air4 ,miss ,col]idge c\ld n build2 ideas broke 9 h] m9d 9 %[]s ( :ims1 & lay :]e !y fell at haphaz>d2 %e has bequea!d no ca/les1 b a g>d5 /rewn ) qua9t figures1 :]e e ?\ght is tagg$ ) gay conceits4 ,h] %ort poems are (t5 successful because %e c\ld pick at *oice a ?\ght or fancy & twi/ x into a /anza2 b :5 %e attempt$ a tale or an essay %e ga!r$ a h&ful ( incongru\s oddm5ts & made ( !m a pat*work4 ,?is fir/ defect 01 we conjecture1 a consequ5ce ( t o!r & m fundam5tal flaw to :i* we h already drawn att5tion4 ,if ,miss ,col]idge's artific]s play$ truant1 x 0 because %e lack$ /r5g? to keep !m at _! task4 ,= an indol5t & lawless imag9ation =ce ( "* is ! only :ip1 =ce ( intellect ! only guide4 ,miss ,col]idge 0 defici5t 9 bo? respects1 & s h] fancy sat play+ ) *ips & pebbles1 mak+ mud-pies :5 x %\ld h be5 mak+ palaces4 ,miss ,col]idge nev] creat$ a real "w ( art because %e c\ld n grasp emotions1 or1 if %e grasp$1 fail$ to hold !m4 ,p]haps %e 0 too mu* ( a ,victorian lady to d m ?an express ! culture ( an imp]fect age imp]fectly4 ,at any rate1 x is cle> t a %r9k+ fa/idi\sness exclud$ f h] _w mu* ( ! raw mat]ial f :i* great art is made4 ,/ray reflections on ,greek life & ?\ght1 ?\gh 9 !mselves trivial1 are int]e/+ = :at !y betray ( a /ate ( m9d famili> & always slightly di/ress+ to p :o take art s]i\sly4 ,%e 0 a fair s*ol> ,miss ,si*el tells u2 c]ta9ly %e /udi$ "u an excell5t ma/]--! au?or ( ,ionica2 yet %e c\ld say ( ! ,bac*3 ,! ,hallelujah ,lasses get drunk on ! w9e ( ! _s1 n ! w9e ( ! grape2 & ( ! ,m$ea3 ,m$ea is ?or\ghly f9 de sicle2 says %e w\ld r g into battle ?ree times ?an h a baby once1 pit*es into m5 l any?+4 ,b !re's too mu* ,:ite*apel ab\t h]4 ,h[ are y to be s]i\sly int]e/$ 9 a woman :o has murd]$ h] "m & boil$ h] fa!r-9-law be=e ! play beg9s8 ,:at is ?is b ! %y jaunt9ess1 ! elaborate und]/atem5t1 ( some?+ small 9 ! pres5ce ( some?+ great8 ,t uneasy titt]1 caught f "t to "t z "o turns ,miss ,col]idge's pages1 we seem to h he>d be=e 9 ! ,ar5a *apel or at ! end ( a ,ba* fugue4 ,x is ! comm5t ( sophi/icat$ ref9em5t t c nei!r sit /ill nor laun* out into raptur\s1 b ill-br$1 ec/asies1 ( ! weakl+ :o takes refuge 9 slang or jocul>ity = fe> ( becom+ natural & be+ ?\ght ridicul\s4 ,miss ,col]idge /ood = ,k5s+ton & ,culture1 s %e smil$ & %rugg$ h] %\ld]s at ,m$ea1 & call$ ! ,bac* ,hallelujah ,lasses4 ,%e & ,k5s+ton admir$ ,greek lit]ature & art1 ( c\rse1 ) en?usiasm temp]$ by ta/e2 b ! glory t 0 ,greece1 ! m]ciless hone/y & riot\s passions1 ! adv5tur\s ?\ght & feel+1 7 meat too /rong = a society ^: happ9ess dep5d$ on gaz+ at "o half ( life ) clos$ eyes & swall[+ ! o!r 9 sug>-coat$ pills4 ,s we %all n turn aga9 to ,ga!r$ ,leaves1 ?\gh we %all sometimes read ! poems4 ,h5ce=?1 !y w conjure up a less elusive figure4 ,!y w %[ u a p5sive lady1 r well dress$ 9 ! fa%ion ( five-&-tw5ty ye>s ago1 :o sits 9 a ,morris draw+-room1 ! :ite walls ( :i* are spott$ ) ,pre-,raphaelite pictures1 & muses on :at h] surr\nd+s repres5t4 ,%e is intellig5t & graceful2 witty 9 season1 fanta/ic 9 measure4 ,h] m9d is ruffl$ by ! p]plexities appropriate to h] age & /ate2 %e se>*es ,canon ,dixon's late/ poem = light on ,holman ,hunt's la/ picture4 ,h] life is an exquisite preoccupation ) ! surface ( tru? & ! he>t ( unreality4 ,h] poems sugge/ once m ! atmosph]e ( an age already dead & half-=gott52 ( ,sunday aft]noons 9 l>ge rooms ) long bl9ds1 beh9d :i* m5 yawn & cultivat$ wom5 are e>ne/ & playful2 ( a _w 9 :i* p mu/ pret5d c\rage\sly t life is v important = fe> ( discov]+ t x h>dly signifies4 ,x is a /range _w1 fad$1 fri5dly1 urbane1 &1 we are happy to ?9k1 already inf9itely remote4 ,,footnote3 #c ,ga!r$ ,leaves f ! ,prose ( ,m>y ,e4 ,col]idge4 ,) a ,memoir by ,edi? ,si*el4 7,con/able & ,co47 ,?is review1 :5 fir/ publi%$1 gave pa91 ,i "k2 x gave pa9 to fri5ds ( ,miss ,col]idge & to fri5ds ( ,miss ,si*el & to _m ( ! *>m+ p :o 7 fri5ds ( bo?4 ,! pa91 ( c\rse1 ,i regret2 b ,i _c say t ,i regret ! article4 ,! criticism /ill seems to me fair1 & ,i "k t x 0 hone/3 nev]!less1 7 ,miss ,si*el alive1 ,i %\ld n c>e to repr9t x4 ,b t able & fri5dly lady is n[ dead1 & h] eulogy has be5 pron\nc$ by ^? :o knew h] be/ & c\ld be/ appreciate h]4 ,i1 ( c\rse1 h criticiz$ h] only 9 h] public "*1 z a writ]1 & 9 s do+ h transgress$ no law t ,i1 at any rate1 c respect4 ,z ,voltaire says1 ,on doit des g>ds aux vivants2 on ne doit aux morts que la vrit4 ,to ! liv+1 p]haps1 ,i h n always be5 z civil z c\ld h be5 desir$2 b ( ! dead ,i h told no lies t ,i am aw>e (4 ,,peacock#d ,i ,sid5ote3 ,a!num ,feb4 #aiaa ,9 ! fir/ place1 7 ^! plays wor? publi%+8 ,) "s hesitation we w admit t !y 74 ,presumably ! possessors ( ,messrs4 ,d5t's pretty edition1 or ( any edition = t matt]1 w be glad to set ?is small volume beside ! o!rs & ?us become own]s ( ! complete prose works ( an ,engli% classic4 ,= ,peacock is a classic2 o!rwise !y might well h be5 all[$ to acquire t port5t\s dignity :i* gr[s l moss on anci5t & unpr9t$ ,,mss4 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,"h & !re1 9 ! f>ces1 "o may discov] examples ( truly ,peacockian wit & /yle1 b ^! r>e gems h mo/ly be5 work$ into ! novels2 :ile ! residue1 :i* includes a drama 9 blank v]se1 has little if any intr9sic value4 ,! e>lie/ works ( ,peacock--a brilliant amateur to ! la/--are z amateuri% z ! e>lie/ works ( 8 fri5d ,%elley & z ?9 & conv5tional z ! wor/ ( ,goldoni4 ,nev]!less !y are readable2 s we ne$ n /ay to qu>rel ) ! en?usia/ic editor :o claims t !y are replete ) fun1 writt5 9 a flexible /yle1 & be>+ ! impr9t ( a s*ol>ly discrim9ation4 ,engli% prose & hum\r are c]ta9ly ! ri*] = "o or two spee*es 9 ?is little book1 b ! s]vice x p]=ms1 or c be made to p]=m1 is great] ?an t ( rescu+ a few fragm5ts ( humor\s prose or ev5 ( fill+ a gap on our %elves4 ,x s5ds u back to p]haps ! lea/ kn[n ( ! great ,engli%1 writ]s4 ,! ,life ( ,peacock has yet to be writt53 an ineffectual memoir by ,sir ,h5ry ,cole1 "s p]sonal recollections by ! au?or's gr&daught] ,mrs4 ,cl>ke1 a critical essay f ! v]satile b vapid p5 ( ,"l ,h\ghton1 ! gossip ( ,rob]t ,bu*anan1 & editorial notices by ,pr(4 ,sa9tsbury & ! late ,ri*>d ,g>nett1 toge!r af=d no?+ m ?an a p]functory appreciation4 ,two writ]s1 inde$1 h attempt$ a m elaborate e/imate3 ,james ,sp$d+1 an able prig1#e review$ ,peacock's novels 9 ! ,ed9burgh ( ,janu>y #ahci1 & m ?an half a c5tury lat] ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,paul contribut$ to ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury a pap] on ! same subject4 ,unluckily1 ! judgm5t ( bo? is vitiat$ by a common defect4 ,bo? are good j\rnali/s1 b bo? are bett] p>ty m52 consequ5tly1 nei!r c appreciate ! attitude ( "o to :om collective wisdom 0 folly1 :o judg$ e "q 9 politics1 philosophy1 lit]ature1 & art on its m]its1 & ^: scorn = ^? :o judg$ o!rwise 0 express$ )\t any ( ^? oblig+ circumlocutions t are priz$ s highly 9 political life4 ,) ! possible exception ( ,pr(4 ,sa9tsbury1 n "o ( ,peacock's int]pret]s has und]/ood 8 position or %>$ 8 po9t ( view2 did n ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,button ,"y1 ! editor ( ^! plays1 himself affirm t 8 /ories deal ) tangible realities1 & n ) obscure or absurd situations1 z is ! case ) ^? ( _m noveli/s4444 ,= ?is reason alone !y des]ve to be widely kn[n1 z also _! au?or1 = hav+ help$ to raise ! tone ( novel-writ+ at a critical juncture 9 its developm5t1 by introduc+ into 8 tales in/ruction & in=mation8 ,x is only fair to add t ?is bit ( criticism occurs 9 8 ,inaugural ,diss]tation pres5t$ to ! ,philosophical ,faculty ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,freiburg im ,breisgau = ! ,asquisition ( ! ,degree ( ,doctor ( ,philosophy4 ,9 call+ ,peacock a great writ] we h rais$ a claim t ne$s "s support4 ,8 exquisite /yle ) its ,tacitean flav\r1 ! p]fection ( 8 lyrics1 8 wit1 & t intellectual brilliancy :i* sp>kles f all ! facets ( 8 satire1 p>ody1 & epigram1 suffice to ende> him to ! small1 fa/idi\s _w ^: approval is be/ wor? hav+1 & also1 p]haps1 to ju/ify our op9ion4 ,b1 unless we mi/ake1 ! appeal ( 8 novels goes f>!r ?an ! fronti]s ( good ta/e4 ,peacock's m9d 0 orig9al2 he ?\ght ab\t _m ?+s & he did 8 own ?9k+4 ,he is ! o!r side to e "q2 8 way ( look+ at life is a p]petual *all5ge2 & a man )\t a ve/ige ( hum\r or ta/e may read him ) pr(it = 8 po9t ( view4 ,peacock belongs to no s*ool or age4 ,he has be5 call$ a man ( ! eighte5? c5tury liv+ 9 ! n9ete5?2 no?+ c\ld be f>!r f ! tru?4 ,he lov$ ! s5se & dignity ( ! ,augu/ans1 j z he lov$ ! fire & romance ( ! ,r5aissance1 & ! my/]i\s gaiety ( ! ,middle ,ages2 b he c\ld h criticiz$ any ( !m ) z good a w z he criticiz$ ! age ( ma*9]y & ! m>* ( m9d1 &1 _h he be5 born 9 any "o ( !m1 w\ld d\btless h done s4 ,he 0 a /ud5t ( b>dic poetry :o yet admir$ ,ario/o2 8 passion = classical lit]ature 0 uncommonly wise & s9c]e2 he read ,sophocles = pleasure4 ,s remote 0 he f ! eighte5?-c5tury ,grecians t he c\ld p]ceive & enjoy ! romantic elem5t 9 ,greek life & art2 yet x is a mi/ake to call him a ,greek4 ,an ,a!nian ( ! "t ( ,p]icles 01 he ?\ght1 ! noble/ specim5 ( humanity t hi/ory _h to %[1 & ( t nobility he assimilat$ :at he c\ld4 ,he acquir$ a di/a/e = cant1 prud]y1 facile emotion1 & philan?ropy2 he le>nt to enjoy ! good ?+s ( life )\t fe> or %ame2 to love /r5g? & beauty1 & to respect ! tru?4 ,= all t1 he 0 a mod]n too2 %>p eyes c see x 9 8 v]se4 ,a t\* ( gloat+ & un9quisitive wond]1 a suspicion ( s5tim5t = s5tim5t's sake1 ! gho/ ( an appeal f ! head to ! he>t1 f ! c]ta9ty ( ! pres5t to ! my/]y ( ! pa/ & ! future1 betray ! desc5dant ( ,%akespe>e & ,/]ne4 ,! v culture t he inh]it$ f a ,grco-,roman civilization1 8 booki%ness1 8 ar*ology1 8 consci\s ,paganism1 w\ld h look$ que] 9 an ,a!nian ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,! au?or ( ,love & ,age 0 no ,greek2 b he 0 ,greek en\gh to /& out above 8 fell[s1 f :om he is mo/ hon\rably di/+ui%$ by 8 ,a!nian op5-m9d$ness4 ,t ,peacock cultivat$ prejudices is n disput$2 = in/ance1 he c\ld n abide tobacco-smoke1 ,"l ,br\gham1 or ! ,great ,exhibition ( #ahea4 ,b 8 prejudices 7 z peculi> to himself z 7 ! pr9ciples ( ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne4 ,!y 7 n ! prejudices ( 8 age & /ate1 nei!r 7 !y ( ! k9d t is fatal to free ?9k+ & pla9 speak+4 ,unlike ! popul> dogmas ( ! muscul> ,*ri/ians & _! rivals ! muscul> agno/ics1 8 :ims & fancies 7 sup]ficial & involv$ no intellectual confusion4 ,he compell$ no "o to build on unprov$ hypo!ses1 nor w\ld he suff] himself to be compell$4 ,?\gh sceptical ab\t progress & mi/ru/ful ( democracy1 to ! end ( 8 life he dislik$ ! ,cons]vative p>ty2 & p]haps 8 f9e/ flights ( s>casm occur 9 ,! ,mis=tunes ( ,elph91 :]e he ridicules ,cann+'s florid rhetoric 9 def5ce ( ! ,con/itution4 ',reports h be5 br\ght to me says ,elph91 t ! embankm5t1 :i* has be5 s long entru/$ to y\r c>e1 is 9 a /ate ( dang]\s decay4' ',decay1' said ,sei!nyn1 'is "o ?+1 & dang] is ano!r4 ,ev]y?+ t is old mu/ decay4 ,t ! embankm5t is old1 ,i am free to confess2 t x is some:at rott5 9 p>ts1 ,i w n altoge!r d5y2 t x is any ! worse = t1 ,i d mo/ /urdily ga9say4 ,x does its bus9ess well3 x works well3 x keeps out ! wat] f ! l&1 & x lets 9 ! w9e ^u ! ,high ,commission ( ,embankm5t4 ,cupbe>]1 fill4 ,our ance/ors 7 wis] ?an we3 !y built x 9 _! wisdom2 &1 if we %\ld be s ra% z to try to m5d x1 we %\ld only m> x4' ',! /onework1' said ,tei?r91 'is sapp$ & m9$3 ! piles are rott51 brok51 & dislocat$3 ! floodgates & sluices are leaky & creaky4' ',t is ! beauty ( x1' said ,sei!nyn4 ',"s p>ts ( x are rott51 & "s p>ts ( x are s\nd4' ',x is well1' said ,elph91 't "s p>ts are s\nd3 x 7 bett] t all 7 s4' ',s ,i h he>d "s p say be=e1' said ,sei!nyn2 'p]v]se p1 bl9d to v5]able antiquity3 t v unamiable sort ( p1 :o are 9 ! habit ( indulg+ _! reason4 ,b ,i say1 ! p>ts t are rott5 give ela/icity to ^? t are s\nd3 !y give !m ela/icity1 ela/icity1 ela/icity4 ,if x 7 all s\nd1 x w\ld break by its own ob/9ate /iffness3 ! s\ndness is *eck$ by ! rott5ness1 & ! /iffness is balanc$ by ! ela/icity4 ,!re is no?+ s dang]\s z innovation4 ,see ! waves 9 ! equ9octial /orms1 da%+ & cla%+1 ro>+ & p\r+1 spatt]+ & batt]+1 rattl+ & battl+ aga9/ x4 ,i w\ld n be s presumpti\s z to say1 ,i c\ld build any?+ t w\ld /& aga9/ !m half an h\r2 & "h ?is immortal old "w1 :i* ,god =bid ! f+] ( mod]n mason %\ld br+ into jeop>dy1 ?is immortal "w has /ood = c5turies1 & w /& = c5turies m1 if we let x alone4 ,x is well3 x works well3 let well alone4 ,cupbe>]1 fill4 ,x 0 half rott5 :5 ,i 0 born1 & t is a conclusive reason :y x %\ld be ?ree p>ts rott5 :5 ,i die4' ,peacock's attitude t[>ds wom5 af=ds an example ( ! lib]ality ( 8 views & ( 8 isolation4 ,x %ock$ ,victorian s5tim5tali/s1 & w\ld probably infuriate ! m au/]e fem9i/s ( to-day4 ,8 h]o9es1 l all 8 *>act]s1 are r\ghly & extravagantly sket*$2 :at makes !m peculi> is t !y are sometimes almo/ alive4 ,/upidity1 ignorance1 & incompet5ce1 crav5 submissiv5ess or insipid resignation1 he did n comm5d 9 wom53 on ! contr>y1 intellect1 wit1 gaiety1 _s1 & ev5 a fir/ 9 ! ,classical ,tripos seem$ or w\ld h seem$ desirable & ladylike attributes to ! creator ( ,an!lia ,mel9c\rt & ,morgana ,gryll4 ,:at 0 call$ womanl9ess 9 ! =ties displeas$ him2 b he lik$ wom5 to be fem99e1 & knew t di/+ui%$ wom5 h ev] be5 di/+ui%$ z wom54 ,! tru? is1 ,peacock _h /&>ds te/$ by :i* ! curr5t ideas ( almo/ any age w\ld be f\nd want+4 ,)\t be+ a pr(\nd ?9k]1 he 0 "o ( ^? p :o bo!r ab\t ends to ! ext5t ( be+ unwill+ to approve ( means unless !y are satisfi$ t ! end 9 view is good--or at lea/ t !re is "s end 9 view4 ,) a self-complac5t age1 9 :i* e "o 0 %\t+ ,=w>d6 & no "o 0 expect$ to inquire ,:i!r8 he 0 necess>ily out ( sympa?y4 ,to ! %\t]s he seem$ irrational & irrelevant4 ,!y call$ him immoral :5 !y 7 solemn1 & :imsical :5 !y 7 m]ry2 & :imsical is ! epi!t ) :i* we are tempt$ to label him1 if labell$ he mu/ be4 ,g5ius makes /range b$fell[s2 & ,peacock's intellectual c&\r f9ds itself associat$ ) ! emotional caprici\sness ( ,/]ne4 ,truly1 he is always unexpect$1 & z (t5 z n sup]ficially inconsequ5t4 ,to /ate ! ?ree p>ts ( a syllogism is n 9 8 way2 & by implication he *all5g$ half ! major premises 9 vogue4 ,8 scorn ( r\gh-&-ready /&>ds1 commonplaces1 & :at us$ to be call$ ! op9ion ( all s5sible m5 made him disrespectful to common s5se4 ,x 0 common s5se once to believe t ! sun w5t r\nd ! e>?1 & x is /ill ! m>k ( a s5sible man to ignore1 on occasions1 ! law ( contradictions4 ,to t common s5se :i* is comp\nd$ ( m5tal sluggi%ness & a ta/e = be+ 9 ! majority ,peacock's wit 0 a ne$le4 ,he 0 intellectual en\gh to enjoy prick+ bladd]s1 & s f9i%$ a p]=m] t we nev] tire ( wat*+ him at 8 play4 ,he 01 9 fact1 an arti/ ) intellectual curiosity2 & j z he lack$ ! dep? ( a philosoph] s he want$ ! vision ( a poet4 ,t he possess$ g5ius w n be d5i$2 b 8 art is fanciful r ?an imag9ative & ( creative p[] he _h next to none4 ,8 life 0 nei!r a mission nor a miracle4 ,b he 0 bless$ ) t ke5 delight 9 8 own s5sations :i* makes a _w full ( beautiful & amus+ ?+s1 *>m+ p1 w9e1 & w>m sun%9e seem1 on ! :ole1 a v tol]able place1 & all metaphysical speculation & political passion a little unnecess>y4 ,he made an art ( liv+1 & 8 novels are a "p ( 8 life4 ,he wrote !m because he _h a subtle s5se ( ! ludicr\s1 a turn = satire1 & /yle4 ,he wrote because he enjoy$ writ+2 &1 ) a disreg>d = ! public inconceivable 9 a man ( s5se1 he wrote ! sort ( books t he himself w\ld h lik$ to read4 ,!y are ! sort1 we ?9k1 t w always be wor? read+4 ,,ii#f ,sid5ote3 ,a!num ,oct4 #aiaa ,betwe5 ! publication ( 8 ,peacock's fir/ & la/ poem sixty ye>s _h elaps$2 b ! records ( 8 exi/5ce w\ld1 if plac$ 9 close juxtaposition1 h>dly fill out t5 ye>s4 ,?us writes ,mr4 ,freeman2 & ,mr4 ,van ,dor5's book is a failure j because he has insi/$ on exp&+ ^? records into a volume ( ?ree hundr$ pages4 ,( su* a "w a great "p mu/ consi/ 9 /at+ trivial facts & draw+ f !m inf]5ces :i* !re is no reason to accept1 & :i* w\ld be unimportant if accept$4 ,ab\t ! "t ( ! publication ( ',palmyra1' ! "y poet w5t back to ,*]tsey to live4 ,8 gr&fa!r1 ,?omas ,love1 di$ ,decemb] #aj1 #ahje1 & ,mrs4 ,love1 ?us left alone1 probably desir$ ! companion%ip ( h] daught] & gr&son4 ,a lett] to ,hookham1 dat$ two ye>s lat]1 te/ifies t ,peacock soon ext5d$ "o ( 8 walk+ t\rs mu* f>!r ?an he _h hi!rto gone1 9 an excursion to ,scotl&4 ,"h foll[s an extract f a r gu%+ & q unimportant lett] ab\t ! beauties ( ,scot* sc5]y1 aft] :i* ! p>agraph concludes z foll[s3 ,no?+ fur!r is kn[n ( ?is ,scotti% t\r1 b f x probably dates ,peacock's invet]ate prejudice aga9/ ! ,scot*4 ,?is is ,mr4 ,van ,dor5 at 8 wor/ & hack biography at normal4 ,at 8 be/ he gives a /raight=w>d acc\nt ( ! little t indu/ry c une>? conc]n+ a writ] ( fir/-rate importance :o di$ b fifty-five ye>s ago & ^: life is yet m obscure ?an t ( _m a small] man :o has be5 dead twice or ?rice z long4 ,indu/ry 9 que/ ( facts is1 inde$1 ,mr4 ,van ,dor5's *ief m]it1 :i* only aggravates our surprise & regret at 8 hav+ conclud$ 8 rese>*es )\t discov]+ t ,old ,s>um is n 9 ,cornwall4 ,/ill1 he has writt5 a readable book4 ,8 k ( ,engli% is sup]ior to t ( ! majority ( 8 compatriots2 & :5 he is n try+ to be cau/ic or faceti\s he is (t5 q s5sible4 ,we c say no m = him h[ev]4 ,mr4 ,freeman aims high]1 & ?\gh he comes %ort ( 8 m>k 8 is a valuable book4 ,he c write well1 & w write bett]2 at pres5t he is set ^u be+ witty & clev]1 :i* is ! m to be regrett$ 9 t he is bo? by nature4 ,he has a view ( life & lett]s :i*1 if x be lit]>y & r sup]ficial1 is1 at all ev5ts1 p]sonal4 ,p]ceiv+ ! insuffici5cy ( mat]ial = a biography1 he has attempt$ an appreciation ( ,peacock's art4 ,z we set ourselves a simil> task s rec5tly z ,febru>y la/1 :5 review+ ,dr4 ,"y's edition ( ! plays1 we feel no call to re/ate our e/imate or pit x aga9/ t ( ?is new critic4 ,x ne$ only be said t he realizes1 z does ,mr4 ,van ,dor51 ! s+ul>ity ( ,peacock's g5ius2 t1 ?\gh nei!r has succe$$ 9 %[+ precisely :y x is unique1 ! ,engli% critic has br\ght =w>d "s highly illum9at+ sugge/ions2 & t r$uction by a half w\ld be ! greate/ improvem5t t ei!r book c\ld und]go4 ,9 ! circum/ances1 our int]e/ t5ds to c5tre on ! biographical p>ts ( bo? works4 ,= bo? are biographical3 only ,mr4 ,freeman1 :o claims att5tion = judgm5t r ?an = le>n+1 has be5 at less pa9s to sift & record ! m9ute evid5ce t contempor>y lit]ature & j\rnalism af=d4 ,fre% evid5ce1 9 ! %ape ( lett]s & memoirs1 may1 ( c\rse1 be br\ght =w>d2 until !n ^! two volumes w be f9al4 ,s f> z ext]nal evid5ce goes1 ! /ud5t is n[ 9 possession ( all t is kn[n ab\t ! au?or ( ,headlong ,hall4 ,x is surpris+ t ,mr4 ,freeman's tact did n rescue him f ! temptation into :i* ,mr4 ,van ,dor5's indu/ry l$ him inevitably--! temptation ( f9d+ 9 ,peacock's mature "w def9able traces ( *ildi% memories & impressions4 ,/ill m surpris+ is x t1 :5 bo? h quot$ mu* t is wor?less1 nei!r %\ld h pr9t$ ! "o significant docum5t among/ ! surviv+ fragm5ts ( 8 boyhood4 ,?is is a lett] 9 v]se to 8 "m1 :i* n only gives promise ( ! songs t1 above all else1 h made _! au?or fam\s1 b is also wor? quot+ = its peculi> *>m & fancy4 ,unless we mi/ake1 x has only once be5 pr9t$1 & is h>dly kn[n to ! lit]>y public1 s "h x is3 ,de> ,"m1 ,i attempt to write y a lett] ,9 v]se1 ?o' 9 prose ,i c\ld d x mu* bett]2 ,! ,muse1 ?is cold wea!r1 sleeps up at ,p>nassus1 ,& leaves u poor poets z /upid z asses4 ,%e'll t>ry /ill long]1 if %e has a w>m *amb]1 ,a /ore ( old massie1 ambrosia1 & amb]4 ,de> "m1 don't laugh1 y may ?9k %e is tipsy ,& ,i1 if a poet1 mu/ dr9k l a gipsy4 ,suppose ,i %\ld borr[ ! horse ( ,jack ,/5ton-- ,a f9] ridd5 bea/ no muse ev] w5t on-- ,pegasus' fleet w+s p]haps n[ are froz51 ,i'll s5d h] old ,/5ton's1 ,i "k ,i've well *os52 ,be x fro/1 be x ?aw1 ! horse c well cant]2 ,! sight ( ! bea/ _c help to en*ant h]4 ,all ! boys at our s*ool are well1 ?o' yet _m ,are suff]$1 at home1 to suck eggs ) _! granny4 ,to-morr[1 says daddy1 y mu/ g1 my de> ,billy1 ,to ,englefield ,h\se2 d n cry1 y are silly4 ,says ! "m1 all dress$ 9 silk & 9 sat91 ,don't cram ! poor boy ) y\r ,greek & y\r ,lat91 ,i'll h him a little long] be=e m9e own eyes1 ,to nurse him & fe$ him ) t>ts & m9ce-pies2 ,we'll s5d him to s*ool :5 ! wea!r is w>m]2 ,come kiss me1 my pretty1 my sweet little *>m]6 ,b n[ ,i mu/ bani% all fun & all folly1 ,s doleful's ! news ,i am go+ to tell ye3 ,poor ,wade1 my s*oolfell[1 lies l[ 9 ! gravel1 ,"o mon? ere fifte5 put an end to 8 travel2 ,h>mless & mild1 & rem>k'd = good nature2 ,! cause ( 8 dea? 0 8 ov]gr[n /ature3 ,8 epitaph ,i wrote1 z ins]t$ bel[2 ,:at tribute m fri5dly c\ld ,i on him be/[8 ,! b>d craves "o %ill+ ( 8 own de> "m1 ,&1 if y ?9k prop]1 add to x ano!r4 ,t epitaph is bett] kn[n1 b des]ves to be bett] /ill3 ,"h lies int]r$1 9 sil5t %ade1 ,! frail rema9s ( ,hamlet ,wade2 ,a y\? m promis+ ne'er took brea?2 ,b ere fifte5 laid cold 9 dea?6 ,ye "y1 ye old1 & ye ( middle age1 ,act well y\r "p1 = quit ! /age ,( mortal life1 "o day y mu/1 ,&1 l him1 crumble into du/4 ,surely ! boy ( n9e ye>s old :o wrote ?is 0 de/9$ to be some?+ bett] ?an a m9or poet4 ,& did n ! delightful "m :o enc\rag$ him to express himself des]ve some?+ bett] = h] son8 ,inde$1 he mu/ h be5 an en*ant+ *ild1 ) 8 long1 flax5 curls1 bright col\r+1 & f9e1 intellig5t head4 ,"o fancies him a happy creature1 mak+ light "w ( 8 ,greek & ,lat9 gramm> at ,mr4 ,wicks's s*ool on ,englefield ,gre51 at home spoilt & educat$1 9 ! be/ & mo/ lit]al s5se ( ! ^w1 by 8 pretty "m & 8 gallant old gr&fa!r4 ,no wond] ,que5 ,*>lotte1 driv+ 9 ,w9dsor ,p>k1 /opp$ h] c>riage & got d[n to kiss ! w9some little boy4 ,f ,peacock's y\? & e>ly writ+s 7he 0 born 9 #aghe & publi%$ ,palmyra 9 #ahjf7 we c ga!r "s idea ( 8 "*4 ,! obvi\s ?+ ab\t him is 8 clev]ness4 ,! "q is1 ,:at w he make ( x8 ,he tries bus9ess = a %ort "t2 ! sea = an ev5 %ort]2 & !n he settles d[n 9 ! c\ntry to a life ( /udy & composition3 he w be a man ( lett]s4 ,8 poems are :at we %\ld expect a clev] lad to write4 ,_h !y be5 writt5 at ! end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury d\btless !y w\ld h be5 z fa%ionably decad5t z1 writt5 at ! beg9n+1 !y are fa%ionably pomp\s4 ,x 0 cle> f ! fir/ t ,peacock w\ld n be a poet2 he lack$ ! ess5tial quality--! p[] ( feel+ deeply4 ,be=e he 0 tw5ty x mu/ h be5 cle> t he possess$ a rem>kable head & an ord9>y he>t4 ,he _h wits en\gh = any?+ & suffici5t feel+ & imag9ation to write a good song2 b 9 ^! e>ly days 8 intellect s]v$ *iefly to save him f s5tim5tality & ! gross] k9ds ( rhetoric4 ,x ga9$ him a fri5d too1 & t fri5d 0 ,%elley4 ,to ?9k ( ,peacock's y\? is to ?9k ( 8 relations ) ,%elley4 ,he seems to h giv5 m ?an he receiv$3 8 nature 0 n receptive4 ,he made ! poet read ,greek1 & p]suad$ him t he 0 n infect$ ) elephantiasis by quot+ ,lucretius to ! effect t ! disease 0 kn[n to exi/ on ! banks ( ! ,nile1 neque prt]ea usquam4 ,^! words 7 ! greate/ com=t to ,%elley4 ,! two "y m5 did a va/ am\nt ( walk+1 argu+1 & miscellane\s read+ toge!r1 9 :i* ,peacock1 p>tly f conviction & p>tly f affectation1 seems to h be5 pretty consi/5t 9 p]=m+ ! (fice ( a wet blanket4 ,te/+ 8 intellect on o!r p's en?usiasms1 fall+ s$ately & :imsically 9 love ) v>i\s ladies1 among/ !m 8 future wife1 b keep+ su* feel+s z he _h = ! mo/ "p to himself1 ,peacock slipp$ ?r\gh all ! critical /ages ( y\? till 9 #ahaf he publi%$ ,headlong ,hall4 ,bra9s w n make a poet1 b !y made a sup]b satiri/4 ,!re is no?+ to puzzle u 9 ,peacock's accept+ a po/ "u ! ,ea/ ,india ,company4 ,an unusually /rong incl9ation t[>d ,miss ,jane ,gryffydh1 8 milk-:ite ,sn[donian ,antelope z ,%elley calls h]1 :om he _h n se5 = m ?an eight ye>s1 & to :om he became engag$ )\t fur!r inspection1 may possibly h c\nt$ = some?+ 9 8 decision4 ,b ! obvi\s explanation is t a man :o lives by ! head ne$s regul> employm5t1 & only he :o lives by ! emotions has any?+ to lose by x4 ,peacock's feel+s 7 n s f9e t r\t9e c\ld blunt !m1 nor s deep t an expression ( !m c\ld give a satisfactory purpose to life4 ,he ent]$ ! ,company's s]vice at ! age ( f\r-&-?irty2 he f\nd 9 x cong5ial fri5ds1 cong5ial employm5t1 & a sal>y t enabl$ him to indulge 8 r luxuri\s ta/es4 ,he kept *amb]s 9 ,london1 a h\se on ! ,?ames1 a good cell> we may be sure1 & a wife4 ,( ?is "p ( 8 life we "k little beyond ! fact t he 0 an able & indu/ri\s (ficial4 ,probably1 we %all n be f> wrong 9 suppos+ him to h be5 mu* l o!r (ficials1 only m intellig5t1 m witty1 m sceptical1 m le>n$1 & m cranky3 also he kept /or$ some:]e at ! back ( 8 m9d a sp>k ( t my/]i\s ?+ call$ g5ius4 ,at any rate1 8 record$ op9ion1 ,!re has nev] be5 any?+ p]fect "u ! sun except ! compositions ( ,moz>t1 smacks /rongly ( classical conc]ts & ! ,treasury4 ,?\gh dur+ ?is p]iod he wrote 8 mo/ ent]ta9+1 & p]haps 8 mo/ brilliant novel1 ,crot*et ,ca/le1 ! ye>s 7 heavy ) mis=tune4 ,8 "m1 ! human be+ = :om he seems to h c>$ mo/1 di$ 9 #ahcc2 be=e t date 8 wife _h become a hopeless invalid4 ,?ree ( 8 f\r *ildr5 7 dead be=e he retir$ f affairs4 ,already he _h outliv$ _m ( 8 companions4 ,sorr[ does n seem to h embitt]$ b nei!r did x sweet5 greatly 8 temp]4 ,8 retic5ce /iff5$1 s did 8 prejudices4 ,only emotion enables a man to make some?+ noble & lovely ( pa92 b intellect tea*es him to be> x l a g5tleman4 ,x is easy to draw a pleasant picture ( ,peacock's old age2 deeply consid]$1 h[ev]1 x is pr(\ndly sad4 ,he _h /ood = _m great causes b = none _h he /ood greatly4 ,good nature & b5evol5ce _h done duty = love & pity4 ,he _h be5 m intimate ) books ?an ) m54 ,& s1 at ! end1 he f\nd himself alone4 ,8 trag$y is n t he 0 lonely1 b t he pref]r$ to be s4 ,he retir$ ) a h&some p5sion to a %elt]$ life at ,halli=d4 ,! jolly old pagan1 ! s*ol>1 & ! cau/ic satiri/ 7 /ill alive 9 him4 ,he wrote ,gryll ,grange4 ,he pack$ poor ,rob]t ,bu*anan out ( ! h\se = smok+ 9 x4 ,he t]rifi$ a meek curate1 :o came to p]suade him to leave 8 burn+ home1 by %\t+ at him1 ,by ! immortal gods ,i w n move4 ,he c>ri$ on a desultory correspond5ce ) ,"l ,br\ghton1 full ( lit]>y hum\r & lit]>y s5tim5t4 ,he practis$ small b5evol5ces & small tyrannies1 lik$ to see smil+ faces ab\t him1 & decl9$ to believe s]i\sly 9 ! unhapp9ess ( o!rs4 ,he 0 a ?or\ghly good-natur$1 selfi% old man4 ,9 old age he _h to pay ! p5alty t awaits ^? :o live by ! head & n by ! he>t4 ,he _h k9d acqua9tances1 b he _h no real fri5ds4 ,he _h no?+ to look back ^u b a s]ies ( m or less amus+ ev5ts & a tale ( successful a*ievem5ts--no high ent]prises1 no spl5did failures1 no passionate affections4 ,be=e him lay no?+ b 8 books1 8 d9n]1 & a lit]>y reputation4 ,capable biograph]s c make pretty pictures ( ! :ite-hair$ s*ol> surr\nd$ by 8 fav\rite au?ors4 ,!y c turn 8 petulant limitations & qu]ul\s prejudices into exquisite foibles1 8 despotisms into qua9t impetuosity1 8 ins5sibility to human want & mis]y into mell[ wisdom4 ,b we _c =get t ! la/ ye>s ( ^? :o h nev] passionately pursu$ impossible ideals or lov$ imp]fect human be+s are probably m attractive to ! biograph]s :o record ?an to ! m5 & wom5 :o h to endure !m4 ,,footnotes3 #d ,! ,plays ( ,?omas ,love ,peacock4 ,publi%$ = ! fir/ "t4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,b4 ,"y4 7,david ,nutt47 #e ,! week aft] ?is article appe>$ ,sir ,fr$]ick ,pollock wrote to ! ,a!num compla9+ ( my hav+ call$ ,sp$d+ a prig4 ,well1 "h is a sample ( :at ,sp$d+ has to say ab\t ,mel9c\rt3 ,_h ! bus9ess end$ "h we %\ld h ?\ght t ! au?or's bett] g5ius _h prevail$4 ,we might inde$ h que/ion$ _m ( 8 doctr9es1 bo? social & political2 & %[n cause to d\bt :e!r 9 ! fai?ful bosom ( real nature !y w\ld yield s fair a h>ve/ z 9 ! m accommodat+ soil ( fiction4 ,b we %\ld h met him ) undivid$ sympa?y1 z no idle talk] on no idle !me4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 8 wor/ g5ius int]f]es to prev5t4 ,he has only a half fai? 9 ! cause he has esp\s$1 & d>es n let g 8 int]e/ ) ! o!r p>ty4 ,x is z if1 hav+1 9 sport or curiosity1 rais$ ! veil ( tru?1 he _h felt rebuk$ by ! sev]ity ( h] aspect1 & turn$ = relief to m ?an usual levity & mock]y4 ,h5ce ! p]petual int]ruption ( ! s]i\s & affect+1 & sometimes ev5 awful1 int]e/ :i* belongs to ! ma9 argum5t ( ! piece1 by sc5es ( f>cical & extravagant c>icature :i* might be pleasant en\gh z v>ieties 9 t f>ce ( unreason ) :i* he usually ent]ta9s u1 b :i*1 com+ ^u ! m9d 9 a /ate ( s]i\s emotion1 are (f5sive & disagreeable4 ,! two /yles appe> two opposite & incompatible moods2 & x is impossible s to gov]n ! imag9ation or ! sympa?ies z to be 9 ! hum\r = bo?4 ,if y are n disgu/$ ) ! light]1 y _c b be we>i$ ) ! grav]4 ,& aga93 ,z x is1 ?is affect$ contra/ ! contra/ :i* ,sp$d+ ?9ks ,peacock may h int5d$ betwe5 ! beauty ( ,=e/] & ,an!lia's view ( life1 & ! gross pictures ( corruption1 quack]y1 & worldl9ess ) :i* he surr\nds !m1 in/ead ( br++ ! virtue ( 8 h]o into /rong] relief1 s]ves only to make m conspicu\s 8 own want ( con/ancy 9 8 purpose & fai? 9 8 pr9ciples4 ,sp$d+ solemnly proce$s to give ,peacock a little advice ab\t ! con/ruction ( 8 novels1 & recomm5ds t ,mel9c\rt %\ld be divid$ into two /ories3 "o to deal ) ! adv5tures ( ,sir ,oran ,haut-ton & 8 election = ! bor\gh ( ,onevote2 ! o!r to treat ( ! grav] que/ions conc]n+ ! realizations ( ! _s ( *ivalry "u ! =ms ( mod]n society 444 ) ,=e/] & ,an!lia = ! c5tral figures4 ,if he w\ld b set ab\t ?is latt] task 9 a fai?ful _s1 we d n fe> to pr$ict1 f ! specim5 :i* ! tale be=e u1 ev5 9 its pres5t /ate1 exhibits1 t he w\ld produce a "w ( f> high] & m endur+ int]e/ ?an any he has yet attempt$4 ,let ! read] consid] ,mel9c\rt1 :at mann] ( "w x is1 & !n judge fai?fully betwe5 me & ,sir ,fr$4 #f ,! ,life ( ,?omas ,love ,peacock1 ,by ,c>l ,van ,dor54 7,d5t & ,sons47 ,?omas ,love ,peacock4 ,by ,a4 ,m>t9 ,freeman4 7,m>t9 ,seck]47 ,,boswell',s ,,lett]s#g ,sid5ote3 ,a!num ,feb4 #aiji ,boswell's lett]s enjoy ! advantage ( a my/]i\s hi/ory4 ,!y 7 writt5 betwe5 #ageh & #agie1 n )\t a view to publication1 b 7 lo/ = m ?an fifty ye>s4 ,at ,b\logne 9 #ahej ,major ,/one1 ( ! ,ea/ ,india ,company1 _h ! =tunate curiosity to exam9e a scrap ( pap] 9 :i* 0 wrapp$ "s small pur*ase2 x turn$ out to be a lett] sign$ by ,james ,boswell1 & 0 trac$ to ! /ore ( an it9]ant pap]-v5dor1 :]e ! lett]s publi%$ 9 #ahef 7 discov]$4 ,! anonym\s editor ( ?is issue is conjectur$--) good reason1 z we ?9k--by ,mr4 ,seccombe1 :o introduces ! volume1 to h be5 a ,philip ,francis ( ! ,middle ,temple :o became lat] ,sir ,philip ( ! ,supreme ,consul> ,c\rt ( ! ,levant2 b ?is matt] also is obscure4 ,! /range/ my/]y ( all1 h[ev]1 is t ^! int]e/+1 ent]ta9+1 9 fact delightful lett]s1 ?\gh on _! fir/ appe>ance !y creat$ a mild lit]>y s5sation1 till la/ ,decemb] _h nev] be5 repr9t$4 ,! volume be=e u is a repr9t f ! fir/ edition1 ! introduction by ,mr4 ,seccombe be+ sub/itut$ = t ( ! orig9al editor4 ,we wi% t ,mr4 ,seccombe _h be5 less mode/--less cons]vative at any rate4 ,) 8 view t ! edit+ 0 admirably done we _c agree entirely4 ,francis1 :o has int]calat$ blocks ( exegesis & comm5t betwe5 ! lett]s1 writes good1 /raight=w>d prose1 & appe>s to h be5 a good1 s5sible sort ( man4 ,he has enliv5$ 8 editorial lab\rs ) irruptions ( legal faceti\sness & sagaci\s reflections4 ,he admires ,c>lyle4 ,b 8 lack ( subtlety & 8 prodigi\s good s5se make him incapable ( appreciat+ ! "* ( ,boswell4 ,passages 9 ! lett]s :i* seem$ to him ridicul\s he1 9 8 solicitude = ! read]'s enjoym5t1 has be5 c>eful to pr9t 9 italics2 = x is difficult to suppose t ,boswell und]l9$ !m himself4 ,! orig9als are aga9 lo/2 %\ld ! passages 9 "q really be und]l9$1 x w\ld foll[ t ,boswell 0 n un9t5tionally or unconsci\sly ridicul\s2 t all 8 life he practis$ an elaborate my/ification2 t he succe$$ 9 hoodw9k+ ! _w2 t he enlight5$ ,temple alone1 :o nev]!less appe>s to h treat$ him z ?\gh he 7 :at ! _w took him =2 & t ,francis1 :o saw ^! und]l9$ manuscripts1 & yet p]si/$ 9 ! conv5tional view ( ,boswell1 0 n a ,mid-,victorian prig b a common imbecile4 ,x is true t he has be5 /upid en\gh to mangle & emasculate ! lett]s t he 0 employ$ to publi%2 an (fici\s prude unque/ionably he 01 b no fool1 mu* less an idiot4 ,to discuss ! "* ( ,boswell has ev] be5 a delicate1 n to say dang]\s1 und]tak+2 b at lea/ we may affirm t ^? :o1 judg+ him f ! ,life ( ,johnson1 are dissatisfi$ ) ! ord9>y1 unfav\rable view1 w n be put out ( c\nt5ance by ^! lett]s4 ,to be sure !y w n be disappo9t$ ( ! popul> ,bozzy1 ridicul\s1 va91 & a little vulg>1 some?+ ( a snob1 ( a sycophant ev51 ) an undignifi$ zeal = notoriety & an imp]fect moral s5se2 b beside him !y w f9d ano!r ,boswell1 ! fri5d ( ,hume & ,johnson1 ) 8 passion = excell5ce1 g5]\s nature1 good und]/&+1 & g5ius = obs]vation--a man by no means to be despis$4 ,!y w see h[ ?is man expresses ?\ghts & feel+s1 (t5 suffici5tly commonplace1 9 words s a/oni%+ly appropriate t we are amaz$ by ! %e] tru? ( ! self-revelation2 & !y may ev5 conjecture t "s ( 8 p]=mances1 :i* h be5 lightly attribut$ to dull self-complac5cy or a defective s5se ( proportion1 are m probably ! effects ( a :imsical & fanta/ic m9d ?r\gh :i* ran possibly a que] /ra9 ( madness4 ,be t z x may1 we n[ select = quotation a few *>act]i/ic passages1 leav+ ! read] to decide = himself :5 & h[ f> ,boswell is laugh+ at ,bozzy4 ,! correspond5ce ) ,temple1 a fell[-/ud5t at ,ed9burgh1 began 9 #ageh1 :5 ,boswell 0 eighte52 = ! fir/ eight ye>s1 h[ev]1 he 0 too busy mak+ acqua9tance ) ,johnson1 travell+ on ! ,cont95t1 & conduct+ 8 fam\s ,corsican adv5ture1 to be a v prolific lett]-writ]4 ,9 #agff he settl$ d[n 9 ,ed9burgh to ! law1 :i* he f\nd intol]ably dre>y1 & a love-affair1 :i* he f\nd too excit+4 ,! de> infidel1 z he call$ h]1 besides be+ ano!r man's wife1 seems to h be5 an extravagant & disreputable "y woman3 ,9 a =m] "p ( ?is lett] ,i h talk$ a great deal ( my sweet little mi/ress2 ,i am1 h[ev]1 uneasy ab\t h]4 ,furni%+ a h\se & ma9ta9+ h] ) a maid w co/ me a great deal ( money1 & x is too l m>riage1 or too mu* a settl$ plan ( lic5ti\sness2 b :at c ,i d8 ,besides1 %e is ill-br$1 q a rompi% girl4 ,%e debases my dignity2 %e has no ref9em5t1 b %e is v h&some & v lively4 ,:at he did 0 to break ) h]2 f\r weeks lat] he writes3 ,my life is "o ( ! mo/ romantic t ,i believe ei!r y or ,i really "k (2 & yet ,i am a v s5sible1 good sort ( man4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ?is1 ,temple8 ,y may dep5d ^u x t v soon my follies w be at an end1 & ,i %all turn out an admirable memb] ( society4 ,n[ t ,i h giv5 my m9d ! turn1 ,i am totally emancipat$ f my *>m]1 z mu* z f ! g>d5]'s daught] :o n[ puts on my fire & p]=ms m5ial (fices l any o!r w5*2 & yet j ?is "t twelve mon? ,i 0 s madly 9 love z to ?9k ( m>ry+ h]4 ,! frequ5cy & solemnity ( ,boswell's resolutions to am5d are extraord9>y1 ?\gh ! fact t 8 correspond5t 0 a curate sugge/s an explanation2 9 c>ry+ !m out he 0 p]fectly normal4 ,boswell tells u t he looks ) horror on adult]y1 & ! love-affairs ) :i* 8 lett]s ov]fl[ appe>1 = ! mo/ "p1 to h be5 suffici5tly innoc5t2 = an ,italian angel1 ,zelide 7:om he knew at ,utre*t71 ,miss ,bosville1 & ,la ,belle ,irl&aise he *]i%$ at diff]5t times a *a/e flame2 :ile ,miss ,blair1 a neighb\r & lady ( =tune1 v ne>ly caught him4 ,b ,boswell decid$ t he w\ld n h a ,scots lass4 ,y _c say h[ f9e a woman ,i may m>ry2 p]haps a ,h[>d or "s o!r ( ! noble/ 9 ! k+dom4 ,r\se me1 my fri5d6 he cries2 ,kate has n fire en\gh2 %e does n "k ! value ( h] lov]6 ,nev]!less1 he 0 to h a ,scots lass aft] all1 = 9 ! autumn ( #agfi he m>ri$ ,miss ,m>g>et ,montgom]ie1 a true ,montgom]ie1 :om ,i e/eem1 :om ,i love1 aft] fifte5 ye>s1 z on ! day :5 %e gave me h] h& 7,lett] to ! ,p ( ,scotl&74 ,aft] 8 m>riage ,boswell's life cont9u$ agitat$ & desultory3 he practis$ at ! ,scot* ,b>1 )\t mu* success1 & 0 call$ to ! ,engli%2 almo/ e ye> he visit$ ,london1 :]e he cultivat$ ,johnson1 enjoy$ good company & f9e1 made ! mo/ ( 8 social & lit]>y importance1 & revell$ 9 ! g5u9e & flatt]+ fri5d%ip ( ,paoli1 :o seems to h made him free ( 8 h\se3 ,i felt m dignity :5 ,i _h sev]al s]vants at my devotion1 a l>ge ap>tm5t1 & ! conv5i5ce & /ate ( a coa*4 ,x 0 absurd ( him1 no d\bt1 to say1 ,am ,i n =tunate 9 hav+ some?+ ab\t me t int]e/s mo/ p at fir/ sight 9 my fav\r8 b x seems to h be5 ne> ! tru?4 ,i am really ! great man n[4 ,i h _h ,david ,hume 9 ! =5oon1 & ,mr4 ,johnson 9 ! aft]noon4 ,^! great m5 7 int]e/$ someh[1 & s1 "o mu/ suppose1 0 ,miss ,silv]ton3 ,!re is a ,miss ,silv]ton 9 ! ,fly ) me1 an amiable creature1 :o has be5 9 ,france4 ,i c unite little fondnesses ) p]fect conjugal love4 ,!re 01 too1 an agreeable "y wid[ :o1 also 9 a fly1 nurs$ me1 & support$ my lame foot on h] knee4 ,boswell's life 9 ,ed9burgh 0 n happy2 he hat$ ! r\gh society ( ,scot* lawy]s1 & qu>rell$ ) 8 fa!r1 ! ,laird ( ,au*9leck1 :o seems to h be5 a tiresome1 disagreeable old man4 ,! ,laird di$ 9 #aghb1 & sev5 ye>s lat] ,boswell lo/ 8 valuable wife4 ,8 /ory becomes melan*oly3 money tr\bles & family p]plexities beset him 7he 0 left ) five *ildr572 & x may be t :at once made him odd1 aggravat$ by 8 break+ heal?1 n[ made him gloomy4 ,aft] 8 wife's dea? he came to ,london = good4 ,already he _h tak5 a h\se 9 ,que5 ,anne ,/reet1 & "h he work$ h>d at ,! ,life1 com=t$ a little by 8 assurance t x w\ld be a ma/]piece3 ,i am absolutely c]ta9 t my mode ( biography1 :i* gives n only a ,hi/ory ( ,johnson's visible progress ?r\gh ! _w1 & ( 8 publications1 b a view ( 8 m9d 9 8 lett]s & conv]sations1 is ! mo/ p]fect t c be conceiv$1 & w be m ( a ,life ?an any "w t has ev] yet appe>$4 ,) ?is bold b j prophecy we may leave him2 he di$ 9 #agie4 ,,footnote3 #g ,lett]s ( ,james ,boswell to ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,j4 ,temple4 7,sidgwick & ,jackson47 ,,c>lyle',s ,,loves ,,& ,,love-,,lett]s#h ,i ,sid5ote3 ,a!num ,may & ,oct4 #aiji ,are p /ill int]e/$ 9 ! ,c>lyles8 ,"s are1 we suppose4 ,! old] g5]ation is int]e/$ 9 ,c>lyle1 at any rate2 ?\gh ! y\ng]1 we believe1 is n4 ,= m5 & wom5 "u ?irty ! r$\btable sage has app>5tly no message2 b = _m ( _! fa!rs & mo!rs 8 lea/ ^w /ill has a c]ta9 importance4 ,su* rev]5t curiosity1 ?\gh x may excuse "s bad books & mu* futile rese>*1 w1 we fe>1 h>dly ju/ify ! volume be=e u--,mr4 ,ar*ibald's we mean1 :i* tells u little ab\t ,c>lyle & t little by no means new4 ,"o *apt] only c be manufactur$ out ( 8 suffici5tly indef9ite relations ) ,miss ,gordon2 ?\gh t5 m pages are fill$ out ) a discussion ( t :olly unimportant "q ,:o 0 ,blum9e8 ,! reasonable conjecture is1 ( c\rse1 t ,c>lyle's me?od resembl$ t ( o!r writ]s2 8 h]o9e1 no d\bt1 0 ! *ild ( 8 own imag9ation1 & :5 a model 0 ne$$ he drew indiscrim9ately f ! ladies ) :om he 0 acqua9t$4 ,%\ld any "o *ance to be int]e/$ 9 ,m>g>et ,gordon1 h] ance/ors1 h] k9dr$1 or h] husb&1 he may glean a c]ta9 am\nt ( in=mation f ?is book4 ,born at ,*>lottet[n 7,pr9ce ,edw>d ,isl&7 9 #agih1 %e 0 left fa!rless at ! age ( f\r1 & br\ght up 9 ,scotl& by h] aunt4 ,betwe5 #ahah & #ahbj %e may h _h a love-affair or flirtation ) ,c>lyle2 & 9 #ahbd %e m>ri$ ,mr4 ,bann]man1 a commonplace1 good-hum\r$ bus9ess-man f ,ab]de51 :o became a ,memb] ( ,p>liam5t4 ,mr4 ,bann]man speculat$1 lo/ 8 =tune1 & 0 consol$ ) a colonial gov]nor%ip & a knigh?ood4 ,lady ,bann]man 0 drawn into ! ,evangelical movem5t1 devot$ ! la/ ye>s ( h] life to works ( piety1 & di$ 7#ahgh7 9 a little h\se at ,gre5wi* & ! od\r ( sanctity4 ,z to :at mann] ( woman %e may h be5 we are left 9 ignorance2 into h] mode ( ?9k+1 feel+1 & see+--into h] "*1 t is--,mr4 ,ar*ibald has obta9$ no insight4 ,! necess>y *anges 9 matt]s ( hi/ory hav+ be5 made1 8 volume might d duty z ! biographical memoir ( ?\s&s ( h] contempor>ies4 ,b p]haps a c\ple ( specim5s ( ! /yle & sub/ance ( ,mr4 ,ar*ibald's prose w be/ give ! measure ( 8 und]/&+3 ,lady ,bann]man disp5s$ ! hospitality ( ,gov]nm5t ,h\se ) ! dignity & grace :i* might be expect$ ( "o :o = ov] ?irty ye>s _h mov$ 9 ! be/ society ( ,engl&4 ,%e _h ! p[] ( putt+ all at _! ease1 ( id5tify+ h]self ) _! individual int]e/s1 & ( ent]+ ) animation into ! affairs ( ! h\r4 ,b :ile %e 0 k9d & graci\s & frank1 & w\ld freely ent] into conv]sation ) any "o1 !re 0 always a c]ta9 dignity :i* prev5t$ any attempt at undue famili>ity4 ,aga93 ,9 ,/4 ,john's %e 0 exce$+ly k9d & *>itable to ! poor1 & %e & ,lady ,hoyles 7 active work]s 9 ! ,dorcas ,society4 ,%e wor%ipp$ at ,/4 ,?omas' 7,episcopal7 ,*ur*1 & 0 especially int]e/$ 9 h] ,sunday-s*ool class4 ,z we h se51 h] sympa?ies 7 m ) ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 b probably because ( h] husb&'s (ficial position1 %e always *ose 9 ! ,colonies to connect h]self ) ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,if ?is be a fair acc\nt ( ,lady ,bann]man1 we may be p>don$ = wond]+ :y any "o ?\ght h] biography wor? writ+4 ,:at x all has to d ) ,c>lyle is to u f> f cle>4 ,! eyes ( publi%]s1 h[ev]1 are 9 ^! matt]s notori\sly %>p] ?an ^? ( review]s4 ,,ii ,hav+ dispos$ ( ,c>lyle's fir/ love1 we c att5d to 8 second--if t is :]e ,miss ,wel% comes 9 ord] ( s5iority2 = our text m]cifully obliges u to say no?+ ( ,miss ,aurora ,kirkpatrick1 ano!r claimant to ! hon\r ( hav+ sat = ,blum9e1 :ile on ! glories ( ,lady ,a%burton1 :o1 to be frank1 int]e/s u no m ?an ! simple/ ( ^! extremely simple misses1 ! title ( our essay precludes u f expatiat+4 ,b c we8 ,does n ! great man1 :o 0 to give ,jane ! spl5d\r ( 8 "n1 seem r to dem& prompt satisfaction = ! insult paid him 9 our fir/ p>agraph8 ,!re we said1 or impli$1 t he 0 obsolesc5t2 & x is1 p]haps1 wor? paus+ to inquire h[ a man :o seem$ to 8 own age "o ( ! great tea*]s & spiritual ma/]s ( humanity--! pe] ( ,py?agoras & ,buddha1 ( ,plato1 ,epictetus1 ,/4 ,francis & ,r\sseau--comes 9 ?is g5]ation to be held a little high] ?an ,em]son1 a good deal l[] ?an ,mat!w ,arnold1 immeasurably s ?an ,r5an4 ,& is x n wor? paus+ aga9 to reflect t1 contemporane\sly ) ^! m51 & almo/ unkn[n to ,we/]n ,europe1 liv$ "o :o bids fair to produce a great] effect on ! _w ?an has be5 produc$ by any tea*] s9ce ! crucifixion8 ,x 0 prim>ily z a tea*]1 z a dissem9ator ( ideas1 t ,c>lyle appe>$ v5]able to 8 own age2 9 a less degree !y admir$ him z an hi/orian & an arti/4 ,to-day1 8 ideas are z mu/y z ^? ( ,godw9--a bett] expon5t ( deep] speculations3 z an hi/orian--9 spite ( an und5iable gift = visualiz+ & describ+ sc5es f ! pa/--he is h>dly ( m consequ5ce ?an ,creighton or ,/anhope3 :ile1 z an arti/1 he ranks ) su* fad$ rhetoricians z ,*teaubri&4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ?is8 ,:y simply t ! ,victorians made ! mi/ake ab\t ,c>lyle t e age makes ab\t its ,c>lyles4 ,!y took a ?\ghtful j\rnali/ = a ma/]2 & ?is !y did because ! j\rnali/ _h ! skill & conviction to p]suade !m1 & himself1 t :at is commone/ & mo/ vigor\s 9 human nature is also mo/ sublime4 ,c>lyle c\ld1 9 p]fect good fai?1 give tone to ! vulg> in/9cts & passions2 he c\ld make n>r[-m9d$ness1 brutality1 intol]ance1 obtus5ess1 & s5tim5tality seem noble2 he knew1 be+ an unconsci\s hypocrite1 h[1 )\t a glimm] ( op5 cynicism1 to make ! be/ ( bo? worlds4 ,= in/ance1 ,c>lyle & 8 public wi%$ to believe 9 ,et]nal ,ju/ice regulat+ ! affairs ( m54 ,!y believ$ 9 x z some?+ emotionally cong5ial to !m1 n1 y may be sure1 z a metaphysical tru? discov]$ & confirm$ by ! intellect4 ,intellectual processes 7 n 9 ,c>lyle's way3 he 0 a popul> philosoph]4 ,f ?is belief 9 ,et]nal ,ju/ice he naturally d$uc$ ! doctr9e t ,"r is ,might1 :i* doctr9e appli$ to hi/ory bore fruit mo/ grateful to h]o-wor%ipp]s--a sect t fl\ri%$ uncommonly 9 ^? days4 ,:51 h[ev]1 x 0 po9t$ out by e>?y & eri/ic rationali/s t if 9 ! pa/ ,"r 0 ,might !n x foll[$ t ,might 0 ,"r1 ,c>lyle1 :o _h ev] ! %orte/ ( ways ) diss5t]s1 dr[n$ ! argum5t 9 a flood ( invective4 ,( c\rse if ,"r is ,might x does foll[ t ! good cause has always be5 ! successful "o2 & 9 t case x looks z ?\gh ! successful "o mu/ always h be5 ! good4 ,might1 9 fact1 is ,"r4 ,c>lyle knew bett]3 & he :o w\ld be ! prophet ( 8 age mu/ "k1 z he did1 to reject un:olesome conclusions )\t invalidat+ ! heal?y premises f :i* !y foll[4 ,ea* age has its ,c>lyles1 b x nev] mu* respects ! ,c>lyles ( o!r ages4 ,we h our ,f]r]o & our ,h4 ,g4 ,wells1 to say no?+ ( su* small fry z ,faguets1 ,m>9etti1 e tutti quanti4 ,!y are p :o h some?+ = _! own age & no?+ = any o!r1 & _! own age is pretty sure to pref] !m to any great man x may produce b fail to smo!r3 !y are ador$ & duly =gott54 ,!y mu/ come =w>d z ! critics & guides ( society2 :e!r !y decl>e _! messages 9 prose or v]se1 9 novels1 hi/ories1 spee*es1 essays1 or philosophical treatises is ( no consequ5ce4 ,x mu/ be possible to make prophets ( !m1 t is all4 ,a pure arti/ or philosoph] or man ( sci5ce1 "o :o is conc]n$ ) ,beauty or ,tru? b n ) its application to contempor>y life w n d4 ,d>w9 & ,sw9burne1 !re=e1 ! greate/ ( ! ,engli% ,victorians1 7 n eligible2 b ! age *ose ,c>lyle = its select prea*] :5 x might h _h ,mill4 ,naturally x pref]r$ 8 col\r$ rhetoric & w>m s5tim5tality to ,mill's cold reason & :ite-hot emotion4 ,x *ose him because he 0 :at ,mill 0 n--a ,c>lyle4 ,yet1 ?\gh ,utilit>ianism is discr$it$1 ,mill rema9s2 ! c&\r & subtlety ( 8 intellect impress u /ill1 & 8 ,autobiography w seem to future g5]ations "o ( ! mo/ mov+ docum5ts ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,z = ,c>lyle1 nobody m>ks him2 we only wond] t he w /ill be talk+4 ,! old controv]sy betwe5 ^? :o wi% to believe ! tru? & ^? :o insi/ t :at !y wi% to believe is true raves on2 b nei!r side dreams ( brief+ ! ,*elsea sage4 ,8 vatic eloqu5ce c>ries no conviction4 ,m5 & wom5 ( ! y\ng] g5]ation1 :atev] _! views1 f9d no support 9 him1 because he appeals to axioms & po/ulates :i* to !m seem unreal4 ,x is n t 8 argum5ts are old-fa%ion$1 b t !y are bas$ on no?+ & apply to no?+4 ,a mod]n emotionali/ may call 9 ,tol/oy or ,b]gson or ,b]kley or ,lon ,bloy or ,pguy or ,plato himself to break ! head ( ,anatole ,france or ,b]tr& ,russell1 b he w n tr\ble ,c>lyle4 ,& besides f9d+ him empty1 ! new age is q aw>e ( 8 positive defects4 ,x _c away ) 8 peasant morality--moraliz+ r--8 prov9cialism1 & ! grossness ( 8 me?od4 ,f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( 8 works !re is nei!r pure ?\ght nor pure feel+--no?+ b a po9t ( view :i* is n[ p]ceiv$ to be ridicul\sly plebeian4 ,nev]!less1 ,c>lyle _h "o positive gift t ! y\ng] g5]ation is p]haps n v well qualifi$ to appreciate1 he 0 an extraord9>ily capable man ( lett]s4 ,8 footnotes1 = in/ance1 might s]ve z models2 he _h a prodigi\s tal5t = pick+ out j ^? bits ( by-in=mation t w amuse & int]e/ a read] & s5d him back to ! text ) r5ew$ att5tion4 ,8 edit+ ( ,mrs4 ,c>lyle's lett]s--lett]s :i* come n )9 our t]ms ( ref]5ce & f :i*1 !re=e1 we _c dec5tly quote--is rem>kable3 only1 ev5 "h1 8 intol]able virtue & vanity1 8 call\s self-cont5t1 8 mis]able1 misplac$ self-pity & 8 nause\s s5tim5tality p>ade !mselves on almo/ e page4 ,= all 8 ,oh heav5ses1 c\rage\s little s\ls1 & ay de mis1 he nev] once guess$ ! nature ( 8 (f5ce1 nev] realiz$ ! bea/l9ess ( t moral & religi\s humbug :i* to himself seems always to h ju/ifi$ him 9 play+ tyrant & vampire to a woman ( g5ius4 ,,iii ,! volumes be=e u1 z we h h9t$1 7 expect$1 n )\t excitem5t1 by ^? p = ^: b5efit we are ab\t to review !m4 ,x mu/ be confess$ t !y h n :olly escap$ ! fate t is apt to befall ! prog5y ( p>turi5t m\nta9s4 ,n t !y are precisely :at ,horace w\ld h expect$ !m to be3 !y are any?+ b small2 yet1 ab\t ! cont5ts !re is some?+ m\sey--! col\r p]haps4 ,! fact is1 !y are disappo9t+4 ,! lett]s !y conta9--a b>e ?ird ( :i* are by ,jane ,wel%--7 all writt5 betwe5 ! middle ( #ahba & ! end ( #ahbf--t is to say1 be=e ei!r ,jane or ,c>lyle _h f\nd !mselves4 ,at 8 be/1 ,c>lyle 0 n a lett]-writ]2 he 0 a clev] man :o wrote lett]s4 ,^! h sometimes ! p]sonal quality ( a good essay1 nev] ! *>m ( famili> correspond5ce4 ,9 ^! e>ly days 8 m9d is z undevelop$ z 8 /yle2 he is crude1 awkw>d1 ov]-emphatic2 apt] at cat*+ ! faults ?an ! excell5ces ( ! eighte5?-c5tury prose writ]s4 ,t "o %\ld write to please r ?an to improve "o's correspond5t 0 an idea :i* seems h>dly to h occurr$ to him3 ,:5 ,i sit d[n to write ,lett]s to p ,i c>e any?+ =1 ,i am too apt to get into a c]ta9 ebulli5t hum\r1 & s to indite great quantities ( nons5se1 :i* ev5 my own judgm5t condemns--:5 too late = be+ m5d$4 ,t is 8 own admission4 ,"h is a specim5 ( 8 solemn admonitions to 8 future wife3 ,i v mu* approve y\r resolution to ex]cise y\r p[]s 9 "s sort ( lit]>y ef=t2 & ,i %all ?9k myself happy1 if by any means ,i c aid y 9 putt+ x 9 practice4 ,!re is no?+ m injuri\s to ! faculties ?an to sit por+ ov] books cont9ually )\t attempt+ to exhibit any ( our own conceptions4 ,we amass ideas1 x is true2 b at ! same "t we proportionally weak5 our p[]s ( express+ !m2 a p[] equally valuable ) t ( conceiv+ !m1 & :i*1 ?o' 9 "s degree l x ! gift ( ,nature1 is 9 a f> high] degree ! fruit ( art1 & s langui%es m irretrievably by want ( culture1 etc4 ,ev5 :5 writ+ to a lady ) :om "o is on ! mo/ delicate t]ms su* au/]ity is excessive1 especially :5 x runs into a doz5 pages4 ,c>lyle is at 8 be/ :5 describ+ p1 & x is to be regrett$ t 8 editor1 out ( respect = ! memory ( ,campbell's wid[ & o!rs long s9ce deceas$1 has felt oblig$ to suppress m ?an "o passage 9 :i* contempor>ies are freely h&l$4 ,he is at 8 wor/ :5 writ+1 & g5]ally compla9+1 ab\t himself2 &1 l ! majority ( p :o take !mselves v s]i\sly1 mo/ amus+ :5 unconsci\sly s4 ,9 ! ,octob] ( #ahbd he visit$ ,p>is & told ,miss ,wel% j :at he ?\ght ( x3 ,i am daily gr[+ m & m contemptu\s ( ,p>is1 & ! manire d'tre ( its p4 ,poor fell[s6 ,i feel alt]nately titillat$ into laught] & %ock$ to ! v]ge ( horror at ! h& !y make ( ,life4444 ,_! h\ses are n h\ses1 b places :]e !y sleep & dress2 !y live 9 cafs & prom5ades & !atres2 & t5 ?\s& dice are set a-rattl+ e night 9 e qu>t] ( _! city4 ,e ?+ seems gild+ & fillagree1 address$ to ! eye1 n to ! t\*4 ,mrs4 ,c>lyle1 on ! o!r h&1 _h a g5u9e gift2 h] g5ius may be small1 b x is und5iable4 ,%e 0 nev] 9 ! fir/ flight ( lett]-writ]s1 a t9y b& :i* consi/s1 we take x1 ( ,mrime1 ,mme4 de ,svign1 ,horace ,walpole1 ,byron1 & :om else8 ,b 9 t l>g] second class1 ! class ( ,gray & ,julie de ,lesp9asse1 ,lady ,m>y ,montagu1 ,swift1 ,flaub]t1 ,leop>di1 ,*>les ,lamb1 ,gibbon1 ,fitzg]ald1 ,voltaire1 ,cic]o we suppose1 & a good _m m1 %e is entitl$ to a place4 ,jane ,wel%1 h[ev]1 is by no means ,mrs4 ,c>lyle4 ,%e 0 b tw5ty-five :5 %e m>ri$4 ,"h we f9d h] r too consci\s ( h] own sup]iority2 n only 0 %e ! beauty1 %e 0 also ! ,muse ( ! village2 _h %e be5 less va9 %e mu/ h be5 unnatural4 ,yet1 "u all h] p]t prov9cialism1 we c detect t my/]i\s quality :i* di/+ui%es ! good lett]-writ]4 ,%e writes to please two p--h] correspond5t & h]self2 %e has no ne$1 !re=e1 to canvass g5]al tru?s1 b c af=d to be p]sonal & *>m+4 ,h] artful wit gives pi? & mom5t to ! mo/ trivial ent]prises1 & turns dome/ic projects into adv5tures ( high romance4 ,%e nev] makes great ?+s small by declamation2 %e pref]s to make small ?+s great by ins9uation4 ,h] fri5d is assum$ to be int]e/$ 9 all t conc]ns h]self1 s %e is n afraid to be intimate2 & a correspond5t bo? clev] & intimate is "o ( ^? ?+s t make life preci\s4 ,9 a ^w1 h] lett]s 7:i*1 to our dismay1 besides occupy+ a b>e ?ird ( ! two volumes1 are t[>ds ! end disa/r\sly affect$ by ! /yle ( h] lov]7 succe$ 9 giv+ a :imsical view ( h] ord9>y & ext]nal life1 view$ f /&po9ts above & beyond ! rea* ( ext]nals--! head & ! he>t4 ,h] acc\nt ( ! affair ) ,mr4 ,dugald ,g---- is1 9 its way1 a little ma/]piece1 b too long = quotation4 ,we select a %ort] specim5 ( h] /yle3 ,su* a week ,i sp5t 9 ,gall[ay6 ,!re 0 no amusem5t )9 doors1 & ! wea!r preclud$ ! *ance ( f9d+ any )\t4 ',coelebs 9 ,se>* ( a ,wife' 0 ! only book 9 ! h\se1 & ev5 t 0 monopoliz$ by a "y lady :o came to my ,uncle's 7,i /rongly suspect7 on ,coeleb's err&4 ,! re/ ( u _h no weapon ( any sort to combat "t )1 & = f\r :ole days ,i sat c\nt+ ! drops ( ra9 t fell f ! ceil+ into a b[l b5ea?1 or 9 burbl+ ! *a9 ( my wat* = ! pleasure ( undo+ x4 ',oh1 ,plato6 :at tasks = a philosoph]6' ,at l5g? 9 a fr5zy ( ennui ,i m\nt$ a brute ( a horse t c\ld d no?+ b trot1 & rode till ,i 0 ready to drop f ! saddle--j = div]sion4 ,i left my companions wond]+ :5 x w\ld be fair2 & :5 ,i return$ !y 7 /ill wond]+4 ,h[ v few p reta9 _! faculties 9 ra9y wea!r6 ,we c h>dly make evid5t by %ort quotations ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! lett]s ( a gift$ p]son & ( "o :o _h a gift = lett]-writ+2 ! read]1 h[ev]1 :o w be at pa9s to take ,lamb's correspond5ce f ! %elf & comp>e 8 lett]s ) ^? ( ,mrs4 ,c>lyle w no d\bt discov] :at x is t !y bo? possess & ,c>lyle lacks4 ,we w\ld say1 if p]mitt$ once aga9 to trot out ! we>y & well-fir$ hack1 t y may ?9k ( ,c>lyle writ+ 8 ,fr$]ick 9 a tail-coat1 or :atev] co/ume y pref]1 & feel sure1 if y\r m9d be n too lit]al1 t 8 lett]s 7 writt5 9 ! same full dress4 ,f> pleasant] to imag9e ,jane ,wel%1 com+ home f a r\t1 slipp+ a gay dress+-g[n ov] a sat9 petticoat1 & gossip+ till ! fire burnt l[4 ,:at is m1 be=e %e _h ! privilege ( do+ = a great man ) a ,scot* s5se ( economy & a peasant's notion ( wifely duties1 %e may (t5 h s gossip$4 ,! fact is1 ,c>lyle1 9 8 mo/ playful mom5ts1 kept "o eye on ! et]nities1 & ,jane1 9 h] mo/ solemn1 nev] lo/ sight ( ! comic _s4 ,! volumes be=e u are well pr9t$ on good pap]1 & )\t are embelli%$ by a device--two he>ts1 /amp$ 9 gold1 l9k$ ) a gold5 r+1 & support$ by a plump little cupid2 ! same device is repeat$ on ! title-page 9 mauve4 ,trifles may be significant2 :e!r ?is symbol 0 sugge/$ by ! editor1 or :e!r ! editor 0 influ5c$ by x1 are que/ions des]v+ ?\ght4 ,turn+ to matt]s less subtle1 we wi% t ,mr4 ,alex&] ,c>lyle _h n f\nd x necess>y to rake up ! a%es :i* retic5ce _h all[$ to gr[ cold4 ,also1 we wi% t he _h adopt$ "s o!r policy t[>ds ,jane ,wel%2 ! p91 ev5 betwe5 deft f+]s1 is an ignoble & unattractive weapon4 ,9 8 notes he contrives a small & unpleasant s5sation 7vol4 i1 p4 #cai7 :i* w\ld be m effective 7 x support$ by any?+ bett] ?an a piece ( gossip1 = :i* no au?ority is giv51 & ! d\btful int]pretation ( "o passage 9 a lett]4 ,we are grateful to him1 h[ev]1 = translat+ all ! ,lat91 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,italian1 & ,scot* words1 & = sev]al t\*es ( unconsci\s hum\r1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is a pleasant example3 ,p5 7f ,p5fillan1 home ( ,miss ,wel%'s pat]nal gr&fa!r7 0 h] pet "n us$ to di/+ui% h] f ! ,wel%es ( h] mat]nal gr&fa!r's h\sehold1 especially f h] "m's y\ng] si/]1 ^: "n 0 also ,jeannie ,wel%4 ,consci\s ( procra/9at+ too long 9 writ+1 ,miss ,wel% "h sportively enl>ges ,p5 n into ,p5fillan1 b into ,p5elope1 ! "n ( ,ulysses' fai?ful wife1 :o put (f s long ! hateful task ( *oos+ a husb& f ! wa/eful & riot\s horde ( suitors assembl$ 9 h] h\se dur+ ,ulysses' protract$ abs5ce4 ,see ,hom]'s ',odyssey4' ,,footnote3 #h ,! ,love-,lett]s ( ,?omas ,c>lyle & ,jane ,wel%4 ,edit$ by ,alex&] ,c>lyle4 #b vols4 ,illu/rat$4 7,john ,lane47 ,c>lyle's ,fir/ ,love1 ,m>g>et ,gordon1 ,lady ,bann]man4 ,by ,raymond ,cl>e ,ar*ibald4 7,john ,lane47 ,,! ,,lysi/rata#i ,greek3 ,ahi ,*>ites tem5os ti labe9 hop] ou*i peseitai zt\sai psu*n euron ,ari/ophan\s4 ,,plato4 ,sid5ote3 ,a!num ,jan4 #aiab ,to ,plato x seem$ t ! ,graces1 seek+ an imp]i%able temple1 discov]$ ! s\l ( ,ari/ophanes4 ,to ! groc]s & /atesm5 ( ,que5 ,victoria x seem$ o!rwise4 ,_! ta/e 0 a good deal nic] ?an t ( ,plato1 or ( ,%akespe>e = t matt]1 or ( ,dante1 ,rabelais1 ,catullus1 ,voltaire1#aj ,gibbon or ,balzac1 to say no?+ ( ,/4 ,*ryso/om 7:o c\ld n sleep )\t an ,ari/ophanes "u 8 pill[7 or ! au?or ( ,! ,song ( ,solomon4 ,!y did n l vulg>ity & !y put a /op to x3 also 9 t age ,pun* & ! ,times fl\ri%$4 ,:at is dec5t or indec5t1 vulg> or ref9$1 is1 ( c\rse1 a matt] ( ta/e2 & ea* age has a ta/e ( its own4 ,! ta/e ( ,a!ns 9 h] prime1 or ( ,rome 9 h]s1 ( ,italy 9 ! days ( ,dante or ( ,raphael1 ( ! c\rt ( ,elizabe?1 or ( eighte5?-c5tury ,france 0 n ! ta/e ( ,victorian ,engl&4 ,& ! /range ?+ is t1 ?\gh n only 9 ! arts1 b 9 all ! delicacies ( life--9 p]sonal relations1 9 s5tim5t & wit--! great poets1 arti/s & critics are admitt$ to h be5 m subtle & fa/idi\s ?an mo/ curates or tradesm51 9 ! matt] ( morals ! curates & tradesm5 are all[$ to "k bett]4 ,9 ?is "o respect _! s5sibilities are to be pref]r$2 9 all o!rs !y mode/ly confess !mselves inf]ior to ! greate/ m9ds ( ! ages4 ,?+s t seem$ beautiful or int]e/+ or amus+ to ,%akespe>e or ,plato1 to ,*auc] or ,ari/ophanes1 !y "k1 = c]ta91 to be evil4 ,& s9ce !y are evil !y are n to be m5tion$2 discussion ( !m ev5--s9ce !y are q sure t !y are evil--is a crime4 ,n[ ! prev5tion ( crime is a duty ( ! /ate2 s v few ( ! _w's great ma/]pieces c\ld h be5 publi%$ = ! fir/ "t 9 mod]n ,engl&2 & x has be5 impossible = ,mr4 ,bickley ,rog]s to give u ev5 a translation ( ! ,lysi/rata4 ,7 ,ari/ophanes alive & publi%+ n[1 n only w\ld 8 plays be veto$ by ! ,c5sor = indelicacy1 & boycott$ by ! libr>ies1 he w\ld be 9 p]sonal dang] on ano!r acc\nt2 = a judge ( ! ,high ,c\rt c\ld surely be f\nd to s5t5ce ! au?or ( ,! ,birds to six mon?s' h>d lab\r = blasphemy4 ,mr4 ,rog]s1 !re=e1 :o made ?is translation1 n 9 ! ,a!ns ( ,plato1 b 9 ! ,london ( ,podsnap--9 #ahgh1 to be exact--is n mu* to be blam$ = hav+ all[$ x to be> ! m>k ( its age4 ,nev]!less1 ?\gh p>donable1 8 compromise is deplorable1 s9ce x robs ?is translation ( precisely t quality :i* gives to mo/ ( ! o!rs _! high importance4 ,= ,mr4 ,rog]s is "o ( ^? :o dur+ ! la/ five-&-tw5ty ye>s h be5 busy awak5+ u to a new s5se ( ! possibilities ( life4 ,8 %>e 9 t task has be5 to express & re/ate1 9 a =m appreciable by ! mod]n m9d1 "s ( ! adv5tures & discov]ies ( ! ,hell5ic g5ius4 ,he is "o ( ^? s*ol>s :o1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 h jo9$ h&s ) ! bolde/ spirits ( ! age1 &1 by %[+ :at ! ,greeks ?\ght & felt1 h reveal$ to u new worlds ( ?\ght & feel+4 ,n[1 to write l ! sociologi/s1 ! subject ( ! ,lysi/rata is ! fundam5tal nature & necessity ( ! int]dep5d5ce ( ! sexes4 ,b :at ,ari/ophanes ?\ght & felt ab\t ! matt] is j :at we %all n f9d 9 ?is translation4 ,= in/ance1 ! sc5e betwe5 ,c9esias & ,myrrh9a is ess5tial to a p]fect und]/&+ ( ! play1 b ! latt] "p ( x 7ll4 #ije-fj7 is n s mu* z p>aphras$ "h4 ,& s ! _s langui%es2 x c\ld fl\ri% only 9 ! body creat$ = x by ! poet1 & t body has be5 mutilat$4 ,?is v]sion1 !n1 fails to br+ out ! pr(\nd1 comic conception t gives unity & significance to ! orig9al2 nev]!less1 x has some?+ m ?an su* lit]>y int]e/ z may be suppos$ to belong to any "w by ,mr4 ,rog]s4 ,! comic poet (f]s matt] wor?y ! consid]ation ( politicians & political controv]siali/s1 & ?is ! translator has r5d]$ fe>lessly & well4 ,= ! ,lysi/rata is a political play1 & _c be discuss$ pr(itably ap>t f its political ideas & argum5ts4 ,x c no m be treat$ z pure lit]ature ?an ! poetry ( ,keats c be treat$ z any?+ else4 ,frankly pacifici/1 & to "s ext5t fem9i/1 ho/ile1 at any rate1 to arrogant virility1 x s\nds 9 its ideas & argum5ts oddly famili> to mod]n e>s2 &1 9 ! int]e/ ( ^? e>s1 x may be wor? paus+ a mom5t to consid] ! circum/ances 9 :i* x 0 produc$4 ,"s eighte5 mon?s e>li]--t[>ds ! end ( #dac ,b4,c4--_h come news ( ! mo/ /unn+ disa/] t 0 to befall ,a!ns till ! f9al cata/rophe at ,aegospotami4 ,! greate/ armam5t ev] assembl$ by a ,greek /ate _h be5 annihilat$1 lit]ally1 be=e ,syracuse3 ! city1 itself1 0 9 dang]4 ,= t n ! less 0 ,ari/ophanes p]mitt$ to produce 9 ! /ate !atre at ! public co/ 8 fi]cely anti-milit>i/ & anti-imp]iali/ play4 ,0 x ! be/1 or "o ( ! two or ?ree be/1 com$ies ( ! ye>8 ,t 0 :at ! ,a!nians want$ to "k4 ,if x 01 ( c\rse x ought to be pres5t$4 ,dur+ ?is long & horrible w> 7x la/$ tw5ty-eight ye>s71 p[]1 z 0 to be expect$1 slipp$ into ! h&s ( vile & viol5t demagogues1 ( m5 :o by rhetoric & intrigue induc$ ! p m ?an once to reject on fair occasions reasonable t]ms1 :o 9 #dbj1 guid$ by ,alcibiades1 contriv$ by an infam\s /ratagem to upset ! ,peace ( ,nicias1 & by a comb9ation ( evil motives--private int]e/1 public vanity1 v9dictiv5ess1 gre$1 & s5tim5tality--prolong$ ! w> until x end$ 9 ! ru9 ( ! city & ! irrep>able debasem5t ( anci5t civilization4 ,^! m51 z may be suppos$1 7 ! butts ( our poet's bitt]e/ satire & mo/ furi\s invective4 ,yet ev5 !y1 ?\gh incessantly attack$ & expos$1 nev] succe$$ 9 prohibit+1 & p]haps nev] wi%$ to prohibit1 ! p]=mance ( 8 plays4 ,x has be5 said t ,a!ns attempt$ to impose h] civilization on ! ,hell5ic _w & became b>b>\s 9 ! attempt4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 mu* tru? 9 ?is4 ,to wage w> successfully a /ate mu/ make itself to "s ext5t b>b>\s2 & ! ,peloponnesian ,w> end$ ! progressive phase ( ,greek culture4 ,! /ate conqu]$ by ,rome 0 some?+ unrecognizably inf]ior to ! /ate t ,p]icles s recklessly jeop>diz$2 & x is int]e/+ to note t ! conque/ ( ,greece by ,rome did f> m = ! spread ( ,greek civilization & culture ?an any ( ^? projects ( aggr&izem5t & expansion s artfully devis$ by ,a!nian imp]iali/s4 ,no read] ( ,?ucydides c d\bt t z ! /ruggle int5sifi$ ,a!nian civility dim9i%$3 yet1 :5 we rememb] t ev5 9 ! ?roes ( w> ! "r ( ! individual to live & speak freely 0 n lo/1 t1 on ! contr>y1 dur+ ! w>1 came =? "s ( ! f9e/ & free/ criticism ) :i* ! _w has ev] be5 ble/1 we %all incl9e to suspect t ev5 9 h] decl9e ,a!ns 0 decid$ly m civiliz$ ?an mo/ /ates at _! apogee4 ,greek3 ho de anexeta/os bios ou bitos1 said ,socrates--a life unsift$ is a life unsp5t4 ,because ! ,a!nians really believ$ ?is1 because !y saw dimly t good /ates ( m9d1 n weal? nor com=t nor p[] nor pre/ige--:i* are b means--b /ates ( m9d1 :i* alone are good 9 !mselves1 are ! prop] end ( exi/5ce1 !y refus$ to sacrifice individual lib]ty to any god ( effici5cy4 ,x 0 to ! m9d ( ! individual !y look$ = absolute good3 ! /ate 0 b a means4 ,!re=e at ,a!ns1 aft] tw5ty ye>s ( /ultify+ w>1 ! "r ( ! individual to free expression & self-developm5t 0 scrupul\sly respect$4 ,9 ?is truly lib]al atmosph]e vivid & orig9al *>act]s grew & fl\ri%$1 ?\ght & felt1 & ( _! ?\ghts & feel+s h left su* record z /ill *>ms & tantalizes less =tunate g5]ations4 ,?is belief 9 p]sonal lib]ty1 ?is respect = ! individual m9d z ! sole s\rce ( tru? & beauty1 made possible ,a!ns1 a small %ort-liv$ /ate 9 ! di/ant pa/1 an ideal t[>ds :i* ! be/ m9ds are ev] look+ back1 ! glory & gr& a*ievem5t ( ! ,we/]n _w4#aa ,our en?usiasm = t ,a!nian _s1 :i* respect$ art & gave free re9 to criticism ev5 at ! mo/ desp]ate mom5t ( ! city's hi/ory1 has c>ri$ u a little1 b only a little1 away f ! matt] 9 h&--! political ideas ( ! ,lysi/rata4 ,political wisdom1 l human folly1 seems to obey a law kn[n to m5 ( sci5ce z ! ,cons]vation ( ,en]gy--quantity & quality are p]man5t1 =m alone *anges4 ,x is ! ,ari/ophanic me?od t diff]s s greatly f t ( mo/ mod]n satiri/s4 ,= ,ari/ophanes does n conf9e himself to driv+ ! blade ( 8 wit into ! rott5 p>ts ( a bad case2 he does n score intellectual po9ts only4 ,8 me?od is m fundam5tal4 ,a clev] controv]siali/ c always f9d jo9ts 9 ! h>ness ( 8 foe4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,%aw meets ,mr4 ,belloc 9 public controv]sy x is h>d to say :i* makes ! great] numb] ( hits4 ,ev5 h>d] is x to say t ! cause ( tru? has be5 mu* advanc$4 ,"o may hold1 fairly en\gh1 t bo? sides h be5 made ludicr\s2 b x is /ill fair] to admit t nei!r has be5 utt]ly discr$it$4 ,if ,ari/ophanes nev] succe$$ 9 ru9+ a p>ty1 at lea/ he succe$$ 9 discr$it+ "s pe/il5t op9ions4 ,?is he did1 n s mu* by a brisk display ( intellectual h&9ess1 z by %[+ t a pomp\s sup]/ructure 0 baseless4 ,he makes u feel a position to be absurd1 in/ead ( m]ely ?9k+ c]ta9 ?+s 9 x silly4 ,! sup]ior1 sne]+ (ficial has n escap$ %rewd knocks f ! wits ( e age4 ,!re is a type ( m9d :i*1 "u e =m ( gov]nm5t1 pu%es to ! front by %e] lack ( virtue4 ,:]ev] life has become suffici5tly me*anical to support a bureaucracy1 !re w ! ,poloniuses & ,%all[s ga!r1 &1 :]ev] !re is an (ficial ca/e1 !re w be satiri/s or torture-*amb]s4#ab ,yet1 ?\gh ! self-complac5t magi/rate has be5 ! butt ( ! ages1 ,ari/ophanes & ,%akespe>e1 & p]haps ,flaub]t1 h alone reveal$ 8 ess5tial nullity1 because !y alone h look$ = some?+ ess5tial b5ea? ! accid5tal4 ,no?+ c\ld be simpl] ?an ! "* ( ,polonius2 no?+ c\ld be m subtle4 ,a rap "h1 a /ab !re1 & ! s\l ( a m9i/] is expos$4 ,we h come to see1 we sc>cely "k h[1 t1 if he ev] _h "o1 he has lo/ x4 ,"s idea ( ! simplicity & subtlety ( ! ,ari/ophanic me?od may be ga!r$ f ! foll[+ sc5e1 b to illu/rate ! extravagance & beauty ( ! =m1 or ! pr(undity ( ! conception1 no quotation c suffice4 ,lysi/rata has unfold$ h] fam\s s*eme = /opp+ ! w>3 !re is to be a sympa!tic /rike2 ! wom5 ( all ! combatant /ates1 pr9cipals & allies1 are to )hold _! s]vices until ! w> has be5 /opp$3 ,,lysi/rata end+ a spee*4 ,!n %all ! p rev]e u & hon\r u1 giv]s ( ,joy1 & giv]s ( ,peace4 ,,magi/rate4 ,tell u ! mode & ! means ( y\r do+ x4 ,,lys4 ,fir/ we w /op ! disord]ly crew1 ,soldi]s 9 arms prom5ad+ & m>ket+4 ,,/ratyllis lead] ( ! *orus ( wom54 ,yea1 by div9e ,aphrodite1 'tis true4 ,,lys4 ,n[ 9 ! m>ket y see !m l ,corybants1 jangl+ ab\t ) _! arm\r ( mail4 ,fi]cely !y /alk 9 ! mid/ ( ! crock]y1 /]nly p>ade by ! cabbage & kail4 ,,mag4 ,"r1 = a soldi] %\ld always be soldi]ly6 ,,lys4 ,tro?1 'tis a mighty ridicul\s je/1 ,wat*+ !m haggle = %rimps 9 ! m>ket-place1 grimly acc\tr$ ) %ield & ) cre/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,/rat4 ,comes1 l a ,t]eus1 a ,?racian irregul>1 %ak+ 8 d>t & 8 t>get to boot2 ,(f runs a %opgirl1 appall$ at ! sight ( him1 d[n he sits soldi]ly1 gobbles h] fruit4 ,,mag4 ,y1 ,i presume1 c\ld adroitly & g+]ly settle ?is intricate1 tangl$ conc]n3 ,y 9 a trice c\ld relieve our p]plexities4 ,,lys4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,mag4 ,h[8 p]mit me to le>n4 ,,lys4 ,j z a woman1 ) nimble dext]ity1 ?us ) h] h&s dis5tangles a ske94 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mag4 ,wond]ful1 m>vell\s feats1 n a d\bt ( x1 y ) y\r ske9s & y\r sp9dles c %[2 ,fools6 d y really expect to unravel a t]rible w> l a bundle ( t[8 ,,lys4 ,ah1 if y only c\ld manage y\r politics j 9 ! way t we deal ) a fleece6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mag4 ,he>d any ev] ! l ( _! impud5ce1 ^! :o h no?+ to d ) ! w>1 ,prea*+ ( bobb9s1 & beat+s1 & wa%+-tubs8 ,,lys4 ,no?+ to d ) x1 wret* t y are8 ,! wom5 conclude t "o :o talks ?us is no bett] ?an a dead man2 & :5 he sets out on "s tru/y platitude conc]n+ wom5's sph]e & ! m>ri$ /ate ) ,truly :oev] is able to w$-- ,lysi/rata takes him up %>ply ) ,truly1 old fell[1'tis "t y 7 dead4 ,accord+ly !y prep>e ) sacrificial pigs1 fun]al cakes1 fillets & *aplets to give ! walk+ corpse a dec5t burial4 ,! magi/rate /umps (f1 tak+ ,heav5 to witness he nev] 0 s insult$ 9 8 life1 :i*1 z ,lysi/rata obs]ves1 am\nts to no?+ m ?an grumbl+ because !y h n laid him out4 ,tw5ty-?ree c5turies are gone s9ce ,ari/ophanes wrote ! ,lysi/rata1 b ! safe (ficial :o dismisses ) a traditional sne] or a smile ! notion t any c manage1 save ^? :o h be5 tra9$ to mismanage1 is /ill ) u4 ,p]haps he has outliv$ ! class ^: prejudices & limitations he =m]ly express$2 b 9 ! days ( ,ari/ophanes su* a class exi/$1 & x is repres5t$ "h by ! *orus ( old g5tlem54 ,9 ^? days ! m5 7 n ! only fools4 ,ari/ophanes _h no int5tion ( mak+ out t !y 74 ,he 0 a bett] arti/ ?an p>ty man4 ,he 0 a comic poet :o reveal$ ! ess5tial com$y ( all ?+s4 ,! *orus ( wom51 ,lysi/rata h]self1 & ! o!r lead+ ladies1 all h _! foibles & absurdities2 only ! *orus ( m51 :o are s ke5ly alive to !m1 seem nev] to guess t !re are smuts on ! pot4 ,to seek 9 ?is age & c\ntry a companion = ^! old fell[s w\ld be to insult our ,we/]n civilization4 ,let u inv5t a purely fanta/ic "*2 "o :o c\ld n sleep at night = fe> ( ,prussians & ,social ,democrats1 :o clam\r$ daily = a doz5 ,dreadn\ghts1 conscription1 & ! head ( ,mr4 ,keir ,h>die on a *>g]1 & yet sp5t 8 leisure w>n+ read]s ( ! daily pap]s aga9/ ! dang] ( admitt+ to any %>e ( p[] a sex notori\s = its panic-fe>fulness1 intol]ance1 & lack ( hum\r2 su* a "o w\ld inde$ m]it admission to ! ,greek3 *oros g]ontn1 w\ld be a prop] fell[ to take 8 /& ,greek3 hexs ,ari/ogeitoni1 beside ! brave ,ari/ogiton1 & ,greek3 pataxai tsde graos tn gna?on1 beat d[n ?is mon/r\s regim5t ( wom54 ,ari/ophanes 0 a /aun* ,cons]vative1 b he dislik$ a /upid argum5t :]ev] he f\nd x4 ,he c>$ int5sely ab\t politics1 b he c\ld n easily =get t he 0 an arti/4 ,nei!r ! m5 nor ! wom5 are ti$ up & pepp]$ ) ! small %ot ( 8 wit2 !y are all[$ to betray !mselves4 ,! art consi/s 9 select+ f ! mass ( _! op9ions & s5tim5ts :at is mo/ significant1 & mak+ ! magi/rate1 :o speaks = ! p>ty1 deliv] himself ( judici\s commonplaces4 ,! *orus ( wiseacres1 ! b>-p>l\r politicians1 :om *ance or mis=tune has l$ to fav\r "o side r ?an ! o!r1 are less cauti\s )\t be+ less platitud9\s4 ,_! talk is all ( inevitable w> & /ripp+ = ! fray1 v9dicat+ rights1 tyranny & traitors1 spoliation1 innovation1 & /rik+ good bl[s = ! cause2 at lea/ x 0 tw5ty-?ree hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,m5 ,*orus4 ,?is is n a "t = slumb]2 n[ let all be bold & free1 ,/rip to meet ! great occasion1 v9dicate our rights ) me4 ,i c smell a deep1 surpris+ ,tide ( ,revolution ris+1 ,od\r z ( folk devis+ ,hippias's tyranny4 ,& ,i feel a dire misgiv+1 ,le/ "s false ,laconians1 meet+ 9 ! h\se ( ,clei/h5es1 ,h inspir$ ^! wret*$ wom5 all our weal? & pay to seize4 ,pay f :5ce ,i get my liv+4 ,gods6 to he> ^! %all[ w5*es tak+ citiz5s to task1 ,prattl+ ( a brassy buckl]1 jabb]+ ( a m>tial casque6 ,gods6 to ?9k t !y h v5tur$ ) ,laconian m5 to deal1 ,m5 ( j ! fai? & hon\r t a rav5+ wolf might feel6 ,plots !y're hat*+1 plots contriv+1 plots ( rampant ,tyranny2 ,b o'er ,,u !y %an't be ,tyrants1 no1 = on my gu>d ,i'll be1 ,& ,i'll dress my sword 9 myrtle1 & ) firm & dauntless h&1 ,"h beside ,ari/ogeiton resolutely take my /&1 ,m>ket+ 9 arms beside him4 ,?is ! "t & ?is ! place ,:5 my patriot arm mu/ deal a --bl[ ^u t woman's face4 ,"o is tempt$ to quote ,mr4 ,rog]s indef9itely2 inde$1 !re are a score ( good ?+s to :i* we w\ld gladly call att5tion4 ,hav+ w>n$ read]s t ?is v]sion is n a translation 9 ! s5se t ! v]sions ( ,! ,frogs & ,! ,birds are1 we c1 ) a cle> consci5ce1 urge all to read x :o c>e = good lit]ature or are int]e/$ 9 political ideas4 ,!y w n be disappo9t$2 only1 we w\ld sugge/ to ^? ^: ,greek has gr[n a little ru/y t a lit]al translation 9 ,fr5* or ,g]man w\ld be a suitable companion = ! ,engli% p>aphrase4 ,)\t x1 !y w h>dly und]/& :at provok$ ,plato's spl5did complim5t & w\ld br+ d[n ^u ! au?or1 7 he alive1 ! rig\rs ( our ,engli% law4 ,,footnotes3 #i ,! ,lysi/rata ( ,ari/ophanes1 act$ at ,a!ns 9 ! ye> ,b4,c4 #daa4 ,! ,greek ,text ,revis$1 ) a ,translation into ,correspond+ ,metres1 ,introduction1 & ,comm5t>y1 by ,b5jam9 ,bickley ,rog]s4 7,bell & ,sons47 #aj ,voltaire1 by ! way1 0 no admir] ( ,ari/ophanes4 ,ce pote comique1 said he1 qui n'e/ ni comique ni pote1 n'aurait pas t admis p>mi n\s donn] ses f>ces la foire ,sa9t-,laur5t4 ,b t 0 n because he 0 indec5t1 b because to ,voltaire1 :o said mu* ! same ( ,%akespe>e1 he seem$ extravagantly incorrect4 #aa ,( c\rse ?is panegyric ne$s qualification4 ,:at panegyric does n8 ,! ,a!nians condemn$ ,socrates4 ,yes 444 yes4 ,b1 z a /atem5t ( ! g5]al belief &1 :at is m1 ! practice ( ,a!ns1 ^! r excit$ p>agraphs may /&4 #ab ,note3 #aiah4 ,?\gh assur$ly our satiri/s hide _! light "u a bu%el1 ! t9y flick]s d n escape ! eyes ( our (ficials4 ,let !m bew>e4 ,9 #dae1 aft] ! mutilation ( ! ,h]mae1 !re 0 a panic at ,a!ns & a reign ( t]ror in/igat$ by "s ( ! demagogues4 ,torture1 ?\gh contr>y to ! laws ( ,a!ns & to all ,a!nian s5tim5t1 0 propos$4 ,! proposal 0 accept$2 b :5 ! mom5t = execution came ! ecclesia--! mass meet+ ( citiz5s1 t is to say--refus$ to all[ x4 ,n[ ,p]icles w\ld nev] h propos$ su* a ?+2 nei!r w\ld ,mr4 ,asqui?3 b suppose 9 ^! days "s m popul> & less responsible lead] 7 to back ! project1 ,i wond] :e!r ! ,engli% p w\ld decl9e to foll[ him4 ,,trelawny',s ,,lett]s#ac ,sid5ote3 ,a!num ,jan4 #aiaa ,any "o :o has read ,trelawny's recollections ( ,%elley & ,byron mu/ "k t _! au?or 0 some?+ mu* m consid]able ?an a fri5d ( ! great4 ,any "o :o1 lur$ by t en*ant+ book1 has gone on to ! ,adv5tures ( a ,y\ng] ,son may be p>don$ = suppos+1 if we are really to take x = autobiography1 t its au?or 0 a /up5d\s li>4 ,j :at he 0--! man :o wrote ^? en?rall+ memoirs & t excell5t romance--may n[ be pretty well made out f ?is collection ( old & new lett]s put toge!r by ,mr4 ,buxton ,=man4 ,vig\r & directness1 transp>5t hone/y & complete fe>lessness1 are ! qualities t impress ?is able editor z he reads ! lett]s ( ! man :o1 9 8 op9ion1 0 less ta9t$ ) ! sordid comm]cialism & ev]-increas+ snobb]y ( t c5tury ! n9ete5? ?an almo/ any man "o c\ld "n z hav+ liv$ ?r\gh s l>ge a "p ( x4 ,we agree he>tily2 b1 ( c\rse1 !re is m to be said--= in/ance1 t ,trelawny sometimes rem9ds u ( an extraord9>ily intellig5t s*oolboy1 at o!rs ( a r morbid m9or poet4 ,only1 ! vitality ( few s*oolboys am\nts almo/ to g5ius1 & m9or poets are n always ble/ ) feel+s fundam5tally s\nd4 ,mo/ ( 8 vices 7 ! defects ( good qualities4 ,a p[]ful imag9ation may be fairly held acc\ntable = 8 habit ( romanc+1 & a brave vocabul>y = "s ( 8 exagg]ation4 ,8 vanity & viol5ce--z *ildi% z 8 love ( my/]y1 & (t5 z *ildi%ly display$--7 =ms 9 :i* 8 high spirits & passionate nature express$ !mselves4 ,art1 9 ! %ape ( a bad education1 aggravat$ 8 faults2 b 8 hone/y & imag9ation1 8 g5]osity & *ildlike capacity = admiration & affection 7 f nature alone4 ,he 0 a s*oolboy :o nev] grew up2 cultivat+ 8 cabbages at ,wor?+ 9 #ahge1 he is ess5tially ! same %rewd1 passionate1 romantic scapegrace :o des]t$ 8 %ip 9 ,bombay h>b\r soon aft] ! battle ( ,trafalg>1 & burnt ,%elley's body on ! =e%ore at ,via ,reggio4 ,l all boys1 ,trelawny 0 exce$+ly impressionable1 & at ! beg9n+ ( ?is book we f9d him "u ! influ5ce ( ! le>n$ ladies ( ,pisa4 ,left to himself1 he wrote ) po9t & vig\r prose z ri* 9 col\r & _s z x is poor 9 gramm> & spell+4 ,8 lett] to ! ,lit]>y ,gazette1 publi%$ 9 ?is volume1 is a good example ( 8 n>rative /yle4 ,b ev5 8 /yle c\ld be p]v]t$3 ,i mu/ give y ! consolation ( kn[+--t y h inflict$ on me indiscribable tortures--t y\r lett] has inflict$ an incurable w\nd :i* is fe/]+ & inflam+ my blood--& my pride & passion1 w>r+ aga9/ my ungov]nable love1 has 9 va9 essay$ to hide my w\nd$ feel+s--by sil5tly submitt+ to my evil de/9y4 ,s he wrote to ,claire ,clairmont 9 ,decemb] #ahbb2 b "u ! language ( ! m9or romantic ?robs ! lu/y passion ( a man4 ,%elley's influ5ce 0 great2 ) him ,trelawny 0 always natural & always at 8 be/2 b ,%elley 0 a wiz>d :o drew ! pure metal f e ore4 ,) ,byron x 0 diff]5t4 ,trelawny 0 almo/ z va9 z ! ,pilgrim ( ,et]nity1 z s5sitive1 &1 :5 hurt1 z v9dictive4 ,he 0 jeal\s ( ,byron's success ) wom5--!y 7 two ( a trade--& especially ( 8 relations ) ,claire4 ,:5 ,byron pos$ ,trelawny pos$1 & :5 ! "o sulk$ ! o!r sulk$2 b 0 any man except ,%elley big en\gh to brook 8 lord%ip's moods8 ,t ,byron valu$ ,trelawny is c]ta92 he invit$ him to ,greece because he knew 8 wor?4 ,once arriv$1 ,byron _h ! wit to p]ceive t ,mavrocordato1 albeit ! meane/ ( ma/]s1 0 ! be/ & mo/ s]viceable to be _h at ! mom5t4 ,trelawny1 z 0 to be expect$1 fell "u ! spell ( ,odysseus1 at t "t 9 m or less op5 revolt aga9/ ! provisional gov]nm5t1 b an adv5tur] ( fi]ce & reckless _s1 9 mann] & appe>ance a romantic outlaw1 a man aft] 8 own he>t4 ,h5ce=? ,byron is reckon$ at be/ a dupe1 & at wor/ a sluggi% poltroon2 :ile ,trelawny1 x is said1 imitat$ 8 h]o s loyally t he ate1 dress$1 & ev5 spat 9 8 mann]4 ,:5 ! poet di$ ,trelawny spoke ) *>act]i/ic feel+3 ,) all 8 faults ,i lov$ him truly4444 ,if x gave me pa9 witness+ 8 frailties1 he only want$ a little excitem5t to awak5 & put =? virtues t r$eem$ !m all4 ,b ! iron _h ent]$ into 8 s\l1 old sores rankl$1 he c\ld n =give2 to ! la/ he 0 will+ to pay back 8 rival 9 8 own co9--sne]s & abuse4 ,z ,trelawny c\ld sc>cely write to a woman )\t mak+ love to h]1 & z 8 relations ) ,m>y ,%elley 7 necess>ily emotional & intimate1 an ambigu\s proposal & a h&ful ( affectionate lett]s w n p]suade u t he ev] c>$ m s]i\sly = h] ?an = scores ( o!rs4 ,?\gh "s lett]s mu/ h be5 writt5 :5 he 0 c\rt+ ! si/] ( ,odysseus or keep+ a h>em at ,a!ns1 & o!rs :5 8 he>t 0 dis5gag$1 c any "o decide :i* are s9c]e & :i* are n8 ,or1 r1 are !y n all equally s9c]e8 ,! foll[+ extract may help u to a conclusion3 ,i say6 ! poet ,%elley 0 a ?or\gh mormon--:y did he n decl>e himself & anticipate ! sect8 ,i w\ld h jo9$ him & f\nd him a settlem5t--x w\ld n hold toge!r )\t a sup]/ition--= man all ov] ! _w are sic sup]/iti\s--x's ! nature ( ! animal--y\r "m 0 a simpleton to h nev] he>d ( a man be+ 9 love ) two wom52 :5 we are "y we are 9 love ) all wom5--! bible w\ld call x by its prop] "n1 lu/4 ,s wrote ,trelawny 9 #ahfi 7he _h recov]$ 8 /yle7 to ,claire ,clairmont4 ,8 lett]s to h]1 n[ publi%$ = ! fir/ "t1 compose ! l>ge/ & livelie/ "p ( ! volume4 ,if he c>$ = "o woman m ?an ano!r1 we believe t woman 0 ,claire4 ,%e 0 n good1 b %e has be5 m ?an suffici5tly revil$4 ,= ,trelawny t %e 0 beautiful suffic$2 let x satisfy ! v9dictiv5ess ( virtue t %e suff]$ horribly4 ,:at precisely 0 ! degree ( _! intimacy is n cle>2 b1 9 view ( ,claire's reputation & c]ta9 passages 9 ^! lett]s1 x is p]haps n unfair to suppose t at any rate = a %ort "t 9 ! ye> #ahbb %e 0 8 mi/ress4 ,be t z x may1 aft] ,%elley's dea? !y p>t$1 & d\btless x w be said %e treat$ h] lov] ill4 ,to u x appe>s t he gave z good z he got4 ,%e 0 m]c5>y1 & he 0 incon/ant4 ,if we read ,lett] ,,xx aright1 :5 %e did (f]1 aft] "s mon?s ( prud5t dalliance1 to live ) him at ,flor5ce1 he repli$ t he _h b #ejj a ye>1 :i* 0 n en\gh = two4 ,an e/abli%m5t on ! conf9es ( respectability 0 ! la/ ?+ he desir$4 ,nei!r ev] lov$ truly2 b ,trelawny1 = a "t1 felt viol5t physical passion = ! woman ^: head & %\ld]s rem9d u ( :at deal]s call a ,giorgione4 ,su* is ! /ory1 s f> z we c d$uce x f ^! lett]s2 ea*1 if our conjecture s]ve1 0 p>tially satisfi$1 = 9 money matt]s ,trelawny always treat$ 8 lady h&somely1 ?\gh he c\ld n or w\ld n give h] :at mo/ %e want$--mat]ial security4 ,he nev] lo/ 8 ta/e = ,claire2 & on ! ru9s ( _! bitt] & agitat$ relations 0 built a k9d ( fri5d%ip1 9 :i* expansion & intimacy & malice 7 all possible1 & :i* is aptly commemorat$ by ^! vivid & ent]ta9+ lett]s4 ,z = ,m>y1 h] "* det]iorat$ & ,trelawny's judgm5t grew m acute4 ,h] corn]s grew m brutally protub]ant b5ea? ! tissue ( glam\r ca/ ov] !m by a "n4 ,to h] also ,trelawny's purse 0 op52 b long be=e ! qu>rel ov] ,que5 ,mab 8 g5]\s _s _h begun to groan "u h] prim banality1 & to express itself 9 ung5]\s backbit+s4 ,8 f9al e/imate he imp>t$ to ,claire :5 he 0 sev5ty-eight ye>s old1 & x rema9s = ^? :o dislike to disprove x3 ,m>y ,%elley's jeal\sy mu/ h sorely vex$ ,%elley--inde$ %e 0 n a suitable companion = ! poet--8 fir/ wife ,h>riett mu/ h be5 m suitable--,m>y 0 ! mo/ conv5tional slave ,i ev] met--%e ev5 affect$ ! pi\s dodge1 su* 0 h] ye>n+ = society--%e 0 devoid ( imag9ation & ,poetry--%e felt compunction :5 %e _h lo/ him--%e did n und]/& or appreciate him4 ,!re are two big gaps 9 ! correspond5ce ) ,claire3 "o f #ahch to #aheg1 ! o!r f #aheg to #ahfi4 ,at ! age ( sev5ty-sev5 we f9d ,trelawny /ill un*ang$3 ,all my e>ly convictions & feel+s h>d5 ) my bones--age has n tam$ or alt]$ me4 ,he _h liv$ ?r\gh ! wilde/ adv5tures3 9 a cave on ,m\nt ,p>nassus he _h be5 %ot ?r\gh ! body & _h p>don$ "o ( 8 assailants2 he _h swum ! rapids bel[ ,niag>a2 he _h play$ ! pirate 9 ! ,s\? ,seas & flirt$ ) ,mrs4 ,norton 9 ,d[n+ ,/reet2 & n[1 a vet]an & some?+ ( a lion1 he a/oni%$ ,london p>ties ) 8 gasconade & ! ,sussex fi%]-folk ) 8 ba?+ exploits4 ,we c believe t 8 conv]sation 0 brilliant1 b mo/ c5sori\s2 8 lett]s to ,claire give "s idea ( x3 ,wom5 h tak5 to g9--m5 h always done s1 n[ x's wom5's turn2 ---- is z gross & fat z ---- & f ! same cause--gluttony & sott+--x's all ! fa%ion4 ,& "h we w\ld int]pose a qu]y--,0 x really necess>y to suppress ! names8 ,?is elaborate & uns*ol>ly t5d]ness = ! feel+s ( ! fri5ds & relations ( ! dead1 & = ^? ( _! desc5dants ev51 is becom+1 9 our judgm5t1 a nuisance4 ,_h p be5 s fussy & timid always we %\ld h no hi/ory wor? read+4 ,aft] all1 m51 & wom5 too = t matt]1 h got to /& on _! own feet4 ,we are n our gr&mo!rs' keep]s4 ,no "o w ?9k at all ! worse ( ,mr4 ,smi? because "s lively di>i/ has h9t$ t 8 great maid5 aunt 0 no su* ?+3 nei!r w any "o ?9k mu* ! worse ( ! old lady4 ,besides1 x is easy = ,mr4 ,smi? to say t ! di>i/ 0 a li> :o c\ldn't possibly h kn[n any?+ ab\t x4 ,! pa/ belongs to ! pres5t1 & ! dead are 9 "s sort public prop]ty4 ,x is n well1 we ?9k1 t hi/ory %\ld be impov]i%$1 & an in/rum5t ( culture blunt$1 out ( reg>d = ! feel+s ( /ray nephews & nieces1 & we comm5d to editors & biograph]s ! say+ ( t und]graduate :o to 8 fri5d's compla9t--,hi1 ,johnnie1 y've %ot my fa!r1 repli$1 ) a truly ,briti% s5se ( give & take--,nev] m9d1 h a %ot at m9e4 ,poor ,claire became dev\t 9 old age & provok$ a compreh5sive gr[l f ,%elley's untam$ fri5d3 ,i am n "o ( t great sect ^: vanity1 cr$ulity1 & sup]/ition makes !m believe 9 ,god--! devil--s\ls & immortality4 ,yet ) :at *e]ful wisdom he laughs away ! fancy1 :i* ?reat5$ to become an obsession1 t ,allegra 0 /ill alive 9 #ahfi3 ,my de> ,cl>e1 y may be well 9 body2 b y h a bee 9 y\r bonnet4 ,he sugge/s rak+ up "s plausible cranky old dri$-up hang]-on ( fifty-two or s1 :o %\ld foll[ y ab\t l a fem99e ,frank5/e91 z he c>elessly puts x4 ,he tri$ to mitigate ! crazy malevol5ce %e *]i%$ = h] e>lie/ lov]3 ,y\r rel5tless v9dictiv5ess aga9/ ,byron is n tol]at$ by any religion t ,i "k (2 :ile ?r\gh ! rack ( jibes1 malisons1 & ebullitions ( wilfulness %9es /eadily 8 v5]ation = ! great poet he lov$3 ,y say he ,%elley 0 womanly 9 "s ?+s--s he 01 & we m5 %\ld all be mu* bett] if we _h a t\* ( _! feel+1 s5tim5t1 e>ne/ness1 & con/ancy2 b 9 all ! be/ qualities ( man he excell$4 ,?r\gh ^! lett]s--?r\gh all ,trelawny's writ+s--runs a wond]ful s5se ( p[]4 ,he 0 n "o to seek out ! "r ^w or prune a s5t5ce2 8 /r5g? is manife/ 9 8 laxities4 ,he believ$ t no task1 intellectual or physical1 0 beyond him2 s he wrote z he swam1 tak+ 8 ease1 glory+ 9 8 vitality1 secure 9 a res]ve ( /r5g? equal to any?+4 ,a s5se ( p[] & a disreg>d = syntax--^! are 8 lit]>y *>act]i/ics4 ,he read ,%akespe>e & ,%elley1 & x is n cle> t he c>$ greatly = mu* besides2 he lik$ ,sw9burne1 & 0 pr(\ndly int]e/$ 9 ,d>w94 ,late 9 life he discov]$ ,blake & 0 fasc9at$4 ,:at ,trelawny c>$ = 9 lit]ature 0 ,imag9ation1 ! m sublime ! bett]1 :ile 9 life he _h a ta/e = ,tru? & ,fre$om4 ,he 0 always some?+ ( an oddity4 ,he loa!d sup]/ition1 cant & snobb]y & said s 9 a way t gave mu* pa9 to ! nice/ p4 ,he 0 ( t disconc]t+ sort :i*1 excell+ 9 all t ord9>y p admire1 admires1 = its "p1 :at !y hate--! abnormal & di/+ui%$4 ,he 0 a man ( action :o mi/ru/$ common s5se1 a good fell[ on ! side ( cranks3 ! race has nev] be5 common & is n[ almo/ ext9ct4 ,,footnote3 #ac ,lett]s ( ,edw>d ,john ,trelawny4 ,edit$1 ) a brief ,introduction & ,notes1 by ,h4 ,buxton ,=man4 7,fr[de47 ,,sophocles ,,9 ,,london ,i ,sid5ote3 ,o,edipus at ,cov5t ,g>d5 ,sid5ote3 ,a!num ,jan4 #aiab ,!re ne$ be no?+ ana*ron\s or ar*ological ab\t a p]=mance ( ,o,edipus at ,cov5t ,g>d54 ,!re is no reason :y ! plays ( ,sophocles %\ld move u less ?an !y mov$ ! ,a!nians tw5ty-?ree hundr$ ye>s ago1 & !re is "s = suppos+ t we1 :o live 9 ! tw5tie?1 are m likely to appreciate !m ?an ^? :o liv$ 9 any int]v5+ c5tury4 ,= ev]y:]e to-day is a cry = simplicity & significance1 & art m simple & significant ?an ! ,attic drama does n exi/4 ,9 less ?an t5 ?\s& words ,sophocles tells all t c be told ab\t a t]rible & complex trag$y4 ,zola or ,m]$i? 9 t5 times ! space w\ld h add$ no?+4 ,!y w\ld only h put fle% on bone & muscle2 !y w\ld h giv5 u trapp+s & ornam5t :]e ,sophocles gives no?+ b b>e spr+s & =ces4 ,yet 9 ?is flat1 lean1 ,attic drama all ,lat9 realism & ,celtic romance1 all details & sugge/ions1 are implicit4 ,x /ates j ^? fundam5tal ?+s ( :i* all ! re/ are b manife/ations or consequ5ces4 ,!re is z mu* psy*ology 9 ! sc5e betwe5 ,o,edipus & ,joca/a1 a matt] ( "s sev5ty l9es1 z c\ld be =c$ into sev5ty pages by a mod]n noveli/4 ,a *ange ( feel+ t x w\ld take ,mr4 ,h5ry ,james a *apt] to elaborate is indicat$ by a /atem5t1 a "q1 & a reply4 ,sophocles c\ld nev] be satisfi$ ) any?+ %ort ( ! ess5tial3 t he /at$2 ! re/ he left out4 ,?\gh ,pr(4 ,gilb]t ,murray is1 z e "o kn[s1 a *>m+ & s5sitive s*ol>1 he is n ! ideal translator ( ,sophocles4 ,p]haps ! ,zolas & ,m]$i?s--especially ! ,m]$i?s--impress him too easily2 p]haps he loves too well ! lit]>y tradition1 ! ,european tradition ( five hundr$ ye>s1 to und]/& t ! greate/ poetry is r>ely poetical3 ,a ,voice1 a ,voice1 t is borne on ! ,holy ,way6 ,:at art ?\1 ,o ,heav5ly ,"o1 ,o ,^w ( ! ,h\ses ( ,gold8 ,!bes is bright ) !e1 & my he>t x leape?2 yet is x cold1 ,& my _s fa9ts z ,i pray4 ,i--6 ,i--6 ,:at task1 ,o ,affright] ( ,evil1 :at task %all ?y p essay8 ,"o new z our new-come affliction1 ,or an old toil return$ ) ! ye>s8 ,unveil !e1 ?\ dread b5$iction1 ,hope's daught] & ,fe>'s4 ,?is is v pretty1 b is x ,sophocles8--or ,sw9burne8 ,/ill1 grace !re is1 & di/9ction1 9 all t ,pr(4 ,murray writes--qualities t are n acc5tuat$ by ! m\?+s ( ! protagoni/1 ,mr4 ,m>t9 ,h>vey1 ! un9spir$ drone ( ! *orus1 or ! int]mitt5t %riek+ & bawl+ ( ! cr[d4 ,9 ! translation ( ! ,pr(essor ! simple pr(undities ( ! poet become delicate v]se1 :i* 9 ! m\? ( ! hi/rion is turn$ into rhy?mless rhetoric4 ,b1 aft] all1 9 p]=mances ( ?is sort x is n ! play1 b ! production1 t is ! ?+--?\gh t is less true ( ?is ?an ( any o!r ,re9h>dt ent]ta9m5t we h yet se54 ,/ill1 de$s n words3 x is by !atrical effects & /age decoration1 if by any means1 t ! message ( ,sophocles is to be convey$ to ! p ( ,london4 ,t bo? are rem>kable _c be d5i$4 ,o,edipus is a f9e %[4 ,x is erudite1 /rik+1 & +5i\s2 b x is n a "w ( art4 ,:at is x1 !n8 ,to borr[ an expressive1 ?\gh unnecess>ily insult+ t]m f our neighb\rs1 x is ,le faux bon4 ,& :at is ,le faux bon8 ,x is some?+ exce$+ly difficult to produce4 ,we d n wi% to belittle x2 we wi% to make pla9 its nature4 ,if we succe$1 we %all %[ also h[ *oice & r>e a ?+ ?is ,o,edipus is4 ,at any rate1 x keeps good company4 ,! plays ( ,mr4 ,/eph5 ,phillips are classical examples ( ! faux bon1 &1 to remove a suspicion ( disp>agem5t1 we ha/5 to add t ! plays ( ,m4 ,ro/& & ,fitz,gerald's p>aphrase ( ,om> are examples too4 ,! brilliant & ent]ta9+ pictures ( ,mr4 ,ni*olson & ,mr4 ,orp5 s]ve our purpose ev5 bett]1 s closely d !y resemble ! fir/-rate4 ,& n[ 9 ?is1 ! late/ art1 ! new art ( ! !atre1 come ,m4 ,bak/ ) 8 ,s*eh]azade1 & ,pr(4 ,re9h>dt ) ,sumurun & ,! ,miracle1 levy+ contribution on all ! o!rs1 cull+ f !m all ^? features t p ( ta/e expect & recognize 9 a "w ( art4 ,= le faux bon is produc$ to meet ! dem&s ( a ta/eful & cultivat$ society--a society t kn[s z mu* ab\t art z c be taught4 ,p :o h be5 br\ght up on t]ms ( famili>ity ) ! arts le>n to recognize all ^? features t a "w ( art ought to possess2 !y "k ! effects t x ought to produce2 b1 unless born ) ! p[] ( react+ emotionally & directly to :at !y see & he>1 !y _c und]/& :at a "w ( art is4 ,su* p are num]\s 9 ^! days4 ,f> too intellig5t to be dup$ by imitations ( p>ticul> plays1 or poems1 or pictures1 :at !y require is imitation art4 ,& t is :at !y get4 ,9 ,pr(4 ,re9h>dt's productions !re are dramatic pauses & susp5sions1 effects ( light & s\nd1 comb9ations ( movem5t & mass1 l9e & col\r1 :i* recall1 n p>ticul> works1 b g5]al ideas bas$ on ! /udy ( hundr$s ( works1 & provoke1 9 ! "r k9d ( spectator1 precisely ^? tra9s ( ?\ght & feel+ t are provok$ by real works ( art4 ,true1 !y express no fir/-h& emotion1 nei!r does ! real ?+ to lov]s ( ! faux bon1 b !y cause physical reactions 7z :5 ,joca/a's wom5 ru% scream+ on to ! /age7 subtle en\gh to d duty = /hetic emotions4 ,x is h>d to believe t ^! ref9$ /imulants are precisely ! same 9 k9d z ! collisions & avalan*es ( melodrama2 b !y are4 ,o,edipus is a good %[4 ,to appreciate x prop]ly we mu/ realize t x is no?+ else4 ,we mu/ comp>e x ) pageants & ballets2 & if1 s comp>+ x1 we l x less ?an "s t we h se5 at ! ,empire & ! ,alhambra1 ! g5]\s w attribute our ecc5tricity to an ov]develop$ moral s5se4 ,to be frank1 we d n believe t ,pr(4 ,re9h>dt or ,m4 ,bak/ has m to say ?an ! creators ( our be/ musical ballets4 ,b1 :ile ! latt] mode/ly pret5d to no?+ m ?an ! flatt]y ( our s5ses by means ( =m & s\nd & col\r1 ! wiz>ds ( ! new art claim to express ! mo/ pr(\nd & subtle emotions4 ,we pref] #ahcj to ,! ,miracle1 because x is unpret5ti\s & s9c]e4 ,we pref] ,o,edipus to ! pantomime because x is pretti] & %ort]4 ,z works ( art !y all seem to u ab\t equal4 ,,ii ,sid5ote3 ,! ,tra*9i at ,! ,c\rt4 ,sid5ote3 ,a!num ,july #aiaa ,! play]s ( ,b$=d ,college are w9n+ = !mselves a place ( hon\r among/ ^? :o help ! mod]n _w to und]/& ,greek drama4 ,! traditional op9ion t ! ,a!nians 7 a race ( fools ) a s5se ( =m1 :o wrote t$i\s v]se to p]fection1 has be5 ou/$ by a new doctr9e1 less false1 b ev5 m dang]\s4 ,a race ( s*ol>s arose :o assum$1 reasonably en\gh1 t plays writt5 by intellig5t m5 = an intellig5t public c\ld n be q s dull z tradition proclaim$2 & ?\gh to rob ! classics ( _! t]rors ne$$ mu* audacity & "s irrev]5ce1 ! new ideas won gr\nd by %e] =ce ( plausibility4 ,un=tunately1 to ! mod]n s*ol> an intellig5t public meant a public ( mod]n s*ol>s4 ,he peopl$ ! ,attic !atre ) an audi5ce ( cultivat$ lib]als1 & by a good play meant ! sort ( play su* a public w\ld reli%4 ,:5ce x foll[$ t ! ,a!nian dramati/s mu/ h conc]n$ !mselves ) ^? problems :i* h be5 s acutely discuss$ 9 ! plays ( ,mr4 ,galswor?y & ,mr4 ,%aw4 ,z a fact1 ,a!nian trag$y is nev]1 or h>dly ev]1 conc]n$ ) intellectual matt]s ( any sort2 its bus9ess is to express emotion1 & ?is x has done 9 ! mo/ p]fect lit]>y =m ev] devis$ by man4 ,! great m]it ( ,miss ,e4 ,b4 ,abraham's p]=mance is t %e plays ! "p ( ,deianeira nei!r z if t lady 7 a relic ( ! mo/ insipid p]iod ( classical sculpture1 nor yet z ?\gh %e 7 c\s9-g]man to ,h$da ,gabl]4 ,:5 %e errs1 %e errs on ! side ( mod]nity2 & t is z x %\ld be4 ,c]ta9ly %e puts too mu* psy*ology into ! "* ( ! fond1 g5tle lady1 ^: simple humanity at pa!tic odds ) ,fate w9s sympa?y f ! audi5ce )\t ef=t or emphasis2 :ile a hank]+ aft] ! late/ subtleties has l$ h] to misund]/& completely ! passage 7#ehj-ie 9 ! act+ edition7 9 :i* %e supposes ! que5 to be ju/ify+ h]self to a reluctant *orus1 :]eas1 9 fact1 %e is ju/ify+ h]self to ! ,univ]se1 & giv+ ! audi5ce a h9t4 ,! meek *orus is only too will+ to agree4 ,poor is ! triumph ( ,fate ov] a timid woman4 ,h]acles is a m spl5did b n less helpless victim4 ,mr4 ,g4 ,edw>ds und]/&s ! "p well4 ,v f9e 0 ! passionate indignation1 surg+ up ?r\gh physical agony1 9 ! fir/ great spee*2 & ?is mood is made to prevail until 9 ! "n ,greek3 ,nessos ! h]o recognizes ! f+] ( ,god4 ,f t po9t1 ?\gh viol5t & dictatorial /ill to 8 son & ! respectful mortals ab\t him1 ! tyrant submits sull5ly to ^? he c nei!r vanqui% nor appease4 ,mr4 ,g>rod1 :o play$ ! "p ( ,hyllus1 spoke 8 l9es exce$+ly well4 ,p]haps ! *orus 0 a little too classical--t is to say1 too /iff & lackadaisical2 b ! phras+ 0 always pretty & sometimes unexpect$1 & ! lovely /rophe beg9n+1 ,greek3 hon aiola nux en>izom5a2 seem$ to ga9 a new en*antm5t f ! delicately conc]t$ voices4 ,s*ol>s w h to br+ /rong argum5ts to ju/ify :at is an obvi\s lit]>y blemi% 9 ! di/ribution ( ! conclud+ l9es4 ,someh[ or o!r1 betwe5 ,hyllus & ! *orus1 ! sombre int5sity ( ! compla9t 0 all[$ to evaporate4 ,! words1 ,greek3 ta de nun he/t' oiktra m5 hm91 ais*ra & ,greek3 k\d5 t\tn o ti m ,zeus %\ld come f ! same lips1 surely4 ,o ,provid5ce1 ,i w n praise1 ,nei!r = fe>1 nor joy ( ga91 ,y\r blund]+ & cruel ways4 99 99 99 99 99 ,& all m5's mis]able days1 ,& all ! ugl9ess & pa91 ,o ,provid5ce1 ,i w n praise4 ,,! ,,flight ,,( ,,! ,,dragon#ad ,sid5ote3 ,a!num ,oct4 #aiaa ,no "o w be surpris$ to le>n t f\rte5 hundr$ ye>s ago ! ,*9ese laid d[n six canons ( art4 ,no?+ is m natural ?an t "s great arti/1 review+ 9 old age 8 life & "w1 %\ld d$uce f ! mass ( exp]i5ce & a*ievem5t c]ta9 propositions1 & t ^!1 9 "t1 %\ld become rules1 to be prea*$ by p$ants1 practis$ by dilettanti1 & ignor$ by e arti/ wor?y ( ! "n4 ,:at does surprise u is t ! fir/ ( ^! ,*9ese canons %\ld be no?+ less ?an a def9ition ( t :i* is ess5tial 9 all great art4 ,rhy?mic vitality1 ,pr(4 ,giles calls x2 ,mr4 ,okakura1 ! ,life-movem5t ( ! ,_s ?r\gh ! ,rhy?m ( ?+s2 ,mr4 ,b9yon sugge/s ! fusion ( ! rhy?m ( ! _s ) ! movem5t ( liv+ ?+s4 ,at any rate1 he says1 :at is c]ta9ly meant is t ! arti/ mu/ pi]ce b5ea? ! m]e aspect ( ! _w to seize & himself to be possess$ by t great cosmic rhy?m ( ! _s :i* sets ! curr5ts ( life 9 motion4 ,we %\ld say 9 ,europe t he mu/ seize ! univ]sal 9 ! p>ticul>4 ,! univ]sal 9 ! p>ticul>1 t is p]haps :at ! greate/ art expresses4 ,p]haps x is a widespread consci\sness ( ?is t produces all great movem5ts2 & p]haps ! hi/ory ( _! decl9e & fall is no?+ m ?an a hi/ory ( its gradual decay & disappe>ance4 ,great movem5ts seem to arise :5 m5 become aw>e sudd5ly t ! univ]se has a s\l3 ! fir/ arti/s ( a movem5t are ! m5 :o p]ceive mo/ cle>ly ?is s\l 9 e "p ( ! univ]se2 !y are call$ ,primitives4 ,!y are m5 driv5 to art by ! intol]able necessity ( express+ :at !y feel2 !y break sil5ce only because !y h some?+ to say2 & _! "o object is to say x z completely & intelligibly z possible4 ,primitives /& 9 a class by !mselves because !y h p]ceiv$ m cle>ly ?an o!rs ! reality t lies b5ea? ! sup]ficial1 & because1 hav+ no o!r end 9 view1 !y h express$ x m completely4 ,great movem5ts are alike 9 _! beg9n+s2 :e!r !y are ,buddhi/ or ,byzant9e1 ,greek or ,egyptian1 ,assyrian or ,mexican1 _! primitives h two qualities 9 common1 pr(undity & directness4 ,& 9 _! hi/ories1 s f> z we may judge f ! scanty records ( anci5t civilizations1 all h a g5]al resemblance4 ,always1 z ! s5se ( reality decays1 ! arti/ lab\rs to conceal "u te*nical pr(ici5cy ! pov]ty ( 8 emotional exp]i5ce4 ,= ! inspir$ arti/ te*nique 0 no?+ b a means2 = 8 hungry successors x becomes an end4 ,= ! man :o has little to say ! mann] ( say+ x ga9s consequ5ce1 & 9 a mann] :i* has be5 elaborat$ into an intricate craft ! greate/ emotions _c be express$4 ,! circle is vici\s4 ,) ! exaltation & elaboration ( craftsman%ip expression fir/ falls into neglect & !n becomes impossible4 ,^? :o are n cont5t to m>vel at clev]ness1 b /ill ask emotion ( art1 mu/ be satisfi$ ) su* z craftsm5 c supply4 ,if pictures no long] express feel+ !y may at lea/ provoke x4 ,if pa9t+ is to be a m]e "q ( patt]n-mak+1 at lea/ let ! patt]ns be pretty4 ,s5su\s beauty & cunn+ del9eation become rivals = ! ?rone :5ce expression has be5 ou/$4 ,s1 ) occasional irregul>ities1 ! pa? w9ds d[n ! hill4 ,skill itself decl9es1 & ! s5se ( beauty runs ?94 ,at ! bottom1 = :at once 0 art--! expression ( man's mo/ holy emotions--sm>t tradesm5 (f]1 at fancy prices1 me*anical prett9ess1 *eap s5tim5t1 & accurate repres5tation4 ,comp>isons betwe5 ! hi/ory ( ,asiatic & ( ,european art are admitt$ly possible2 b z yet we believe ! precise nature ( ! simil>ity has n be5 /at$4 ,x lies 9 ! fact t bo? con=m to ! g5]al laws ( decay4 ,! ,asiatic movem5t ) :i* we are famili> is ess5tially ,buddhi/2 x expresses t s5se ( ! univ]se t is express$ 9 ano!r =m by ,buddhi/ doctr9e & its lat] developm5ts along ! l9es ( ,taoi/ idealism4 ,h[ f> ! spread ( ,buddhism 9 ,*9a repres5ts a spiritual reaction f ! dry mat]ialism ( ,confucianism is no matt] = brief & dogmatic discussion4 ,we ne$ only say t ! f\r?-c5tury pa9t+ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum by ,ku ,k'ai-*ih1 ?\gh ! arti/ himself is said to h be5 a ,buddhi/1 belongs cle>ly to an e>li] movem5t ?an t ( :i* ! ,t'ang & j pre-,t'ang ma/]pieces are ! primitives4 ,by comp>ison ) e>ly ,buddhi/ art ?is exquisite picture is suffici5tly lack+ 9 emotional significance to tempt "o to suppose t x repres5ts ! ripe & highly cultivat$ decad5ce ( a movem5t t ! gr[+ religi\s _s 0 soon to displace4 ,slight z 8 acqua9tance ) ?is e>ly art mu/ be1 an ,engli%man :o visit$ regul>ly ! exhibition at ,%eph]d's ,bu% 0 able to ga!r f eight or t5 pictures1 a c\ple ( l>ge wood5 ,bodhisattvas1 & a few small figures 9 bronze1 "s idea ( ! way 9 :i* ,japanese primitives c\ld ent] & express ! _w ( reality4 ,t same p[] he w f9d 9 ! ,byzant9e mosaics ( ! six? c5tury1 :i* express ! e>lie/ triumphs ( ano!r spiritual revolution ov] ! cultur$ mat]ialism ( a moribund civilization4 ,t new movem5t spread sl[ly across ,europe1 & till ! middle ( ! twelf? c5tury !re 0 no g5]al decl9e4 ,b ! be/ 0 ov] 9 ,france be=e ! twelf? c5tury 0 out4 ,go?ic ar*itecture is juggl+ 9 /one & glass4 ,9 ,italy ,giotto foll[$ ,cimabue2 & ,giotto c\ld n always resi/ ! temptation to /ate ! p>ticul> & leave ! univ]sal out4 ,he sometimes tells u facts in/ead ( express+ emotions4 ,9 ! full ,r5aissance ! co>se/ feel+ suffic$ to flav\r a h&some1 well-made picture4 ,mean:ile1 "u ! ,m+ dyna/y 7#acfh-afdd7 ,asiatic art _h rea*$ mu* ! same /age4 ,! ,m+ picture 9 ! ,briti% ,museum kn[n z ,! ,e>?ly ,p>adise is inf]ior to ! be/ "w ( ,botticelli1 ) :i* x is commonly comp>$1 b rem9ds u1 9 its f9i%$ grace & gaiety1 ( a pa9t+ by ,watteau4 ,kor91 t[>ds ! end ( ! ,m+ p]iod1 is ab\t z empty z ,velasquez & m brilliant ?an ,frans ,hals4 ,! eighte5? c5tury1 "o incl9es to believe1 0 ! same ev]y:]e4 ,/yli/ic obsession & ! ta/e = mat]ial beauty end$ 9 me*anical prett9ess1 altoge!r inexpressive or s5tim5tal4 ,9 bo? hemisph]es pa9t+ 0 r$uc$ to a =mula--a =mula = produc+ elegant furniture4 ,b ev5 9 ! age ( decay ,ori5tal art reta9$ traces ( primitive spl5d\r4 ,x nev] sank into m]e repres5tation4 ,! m5 :o turn$ out ! popul> ,japanese col\r-pr9ts1 ?\gh !y *ose ! same subjects z ! ,dut* g5re pa9t]s1 7 arti/s en\gh to treat !m diff]5tly & to look = some?+ significant b5ea? ! mass ( irrelevant accid5ts4 ,also !y pres]v$ a nic] s5sibility to mat]ial beauty4 ,a *eap ,japanese pr9t has sometimes ! quality ( a pa9t+ by ,:i/l]4 ,inde$1 ! sup]iority ( ! ,ori5tals is discreetly ins9uat$ f beg9n+ to end ( ,mr4 ,b9yon's essay4 ,equal1 if n sup]ior1 to ! ,greek or ,*ri/ian 9 ! primitive /age1 ! ,asiatic movem5t clung to ! heights long]1 sank m gradually1 & nev] sank s l[4 ,^! facts are pa9ful1 b pat5t2 !y require explanation4 ,:y is ,ori5tal art g5]ally sup]ior to ,european8 ,be>+ 9 m9d :at has be5 said ab\t ! nature ( ! greate/ art1 we %all expect x to be because 9 ! ,ea/ !y h kept 9 clos] t\* ) reality4 ,t is precisely :at has happ5$4 ,! emotional life has nev] be5 9 ! ,ea/ :at x has become 9 ! ,we/1 ! r>e possession ( a =tunate few4 ,!re ! practical life has be5 kept subord9ate1 a means to support+ ! emotional4 ,9 ,*9a m5 /ill g ab\t _! bus9ess t !y may pur*ase leisure 9 :i* to contemplate reality4 ,9 ,europe we are practical2 & reality is bani%$ f ! life ( ! practical man :o reg>ds all ?+s z means in/ead ( contemplat+ !m z ends4 ,he sees j :at is ( use to him1 & no m4 ,he sees en\gh = id5tification & recognition2 9 fact1 he reads ! labels on ?+s4 ,! labels are all he requires4 ,9 ! emotional life ?+s are valu$ = _! significance--= :at !y are1 n = :at !y c be made to d2 !y are se5 :ole because !y are se5 z ends4 ,! practical man sees only a "p--! "p t s]ves 8 purpose4 ,! cam]a sees m ?an t1 x sees all ! details2 b x _c see ! _s--t has to be felt4 ,mo/ ,europeans ?9k ( boats z means ( locomotion1 ( apples z eatables4 ,!y recognize su* ?+s by _! s]viceable qualities2 _! individuality1 ! univ]sal 9 ^! p>ticul>s1 escapes !m4 ,9 a picture ( a boat or an apple !y look = ^? uness5tial qualities :i* m9i/] to _! pleasure1 & ( :i* alone !y are aw>e4 ,! clev]ness ( a man :o c pa9t fruit t tempts ur*9s impresses !m2 b ! arti/ :o feels1 & tries to express1 ! s\l ( fruit & fl[]s !y take = an incompet5t dunce or a *>latan4 ,"o might say t man has be5 a mon>*1 look+ to 8 subject-_w only = s]vice & = flatt]y1 & j because ( ?is lordly attitude he has fail$ to und]/& t subject-_w1 &1 ev5 m1 has fail$ to und]/& himself4 ,9 ! ,ea/ m5 h ev] set ! spiritual life above ! practical1 & arti/s h excell$ 9 express+ ! v ess5ce ( mat]ial ?+s because !y express$ :at !y felt1 in/ead ( repres5t+ :at ! ord9>y man sees4 ,!y h felt t if ! _s in=ms all1 !n all mu/ h individual significance4 ,to see ?+s z means is to see :at is mo/ useful & lea/ important ab\t !m4 ,to see ?+s z ends is to be %ock+ly unpractical2 x is to see ,god 9 ev]y?+2 x is to exalt ! _s above ! fle%2 x is n ! way to get on2 b x is ! only way to produce significant art1 &1 inde$1 x is only on su* t]ms t life itself signifies4 ,s f> we h admitt$ ! sup]iority ( ! ,ea/3 ! la/ ^w has yet to be said4 ,few obs]vant p w d5y t !re are signs ( an awak5+ 9 ,europe4 ,! times are great ) ! bir? ( "s new ?+4 ,a spiritual r5aissance may be at h&4 ,mean:ile1 we are n suff]$ to ignore ! huge /rides 9 mat]ial progress t are ! *ief glory ( mod]n ,japan2 nor h we fail$ to rem>k t ! late/ art to rea* u f t c\ntry prov$1 :5 display$ ) "s o/5tation at ,%eph]d's ,bu%1 equal 9 vulg>ity ( s5tim5t1 fla%9ess ( execution1 & apelike imitation to ! wor/ t c be se5 at ,burl+ton ,h\se4 ,phili/9ism1 x seems1 f9ds ready conv]ts on ! o!r side ( ! globe4 ,let ! spokesm5 ( ! "y & bu/l+ empire be he>d4 ,%iba ,kokan1 ! pupil ( ,h>unobu1 says 9 8 ,confessions3 ,9 ,occid5tal art objects are copi$ directly f nature2 h5ce be=e a l&scape "o feels z if "o 7 plac$ 9 ! mid/ ( nature4 ,!re is a wond]ful app>atus call$ ! photograph1 :i* gives a facsimile copy ( ! object1 :atev] x is1 to :i* x is direct$4 ,no?+ :i* has n actually be5 se5 is sket*$1 nor is a nameless l&scape reproduc$1 z we (t5 see done 9 ,*9ese productions4444 ,a pa9t+ :i* is n a fai?ful copy ( nature has nei!r beauty nor is wor?y ( ! "n4 ,& ?is is ! consid]$ judgm5t ( t popul> mod]n pa9t] ,okio3 ,! use ( art is to produce copies ( ?+s1 & if an arti/ has a ?or\gh k ( ! prop]ties ( ! ?+ he pa9ts1 he c assur$ly make a "n4444 ,)\t ! true depiction ( objects !re c be no pictorial art4 ,nobility ( s5tim5t & su*like only come aft] a successful del9eation ( ! ext]nal =m ( an object4 ,su* m5 w\ld be v mu* at home at an ,academy banquet or 9 ! p>l\r ( a suburban /ockbrok] & less s 9 ! _w ( art ?an a sa9t w\ld be 9 ,wall ,/reet4 ,= :]eas ! sa9t w\ld p]ceive ! sp>k ( ! univ]sal 9 ! p>ticul> /ockjobb]1 ! /ockjobb] & 8 fri5ds1 ,mr4 ,okio1 ! del9eator1 & ! philophotographic ,mr4 ,kokan1 are bl9d to any?+ t is n on ! surface4 ,japan1 we are told1 is to %ape ! future ( ! ,ea/]n hemisph]e4 ,japan is =g+ ahead4 ,already %e has set h] h& to ! task ( civiliz+1 t is to say ,europeaniz+1 ,*9a--j at ! mom5t :5 ,europe is com+ to loa! h] own grossness4 ,"t is ! ma/] ( p>adox4 ,:o %all say :at surprises are too fanta/ic = 8 contriv+8 ,c ! classic di/9ction betwe5 ,ea/ & ,we/1 t v5]able "m ( trite reflections & bad argum5ts1 be1 aft] all1 mutable8 ,is ! un*ang+ ,ea/ *angeable8 ,is ,mr4 ,kipl+'s ?rill+ l9e no m ?an ! /atem5t ( a geographical truism8 ,engl& !y tell u 0 once a tropical =e/2 ,london may yet be ! spiritual capital ( ! _w1 :ile ,asia--ri* 9 all t gold c buy & guns c give1 "l ( l&s & bodies1 build] ( railways & promulgator ( police regulations1 glori\s 9 all mat]ial glories--po/ures1 complac5t & obtuse1 be=e a ,europe cont5t 9 ! possession ( all t matt]s4 ,,footnote3 #ad ,! ,flight ( ! ,dragon3 an ,essay on ! ,!ory & ,practice ( ,art 9 ,*9a & ,japan4 ,by ,laur5ce ,b9yon4 7,john ,murray47 ,,william ,,morris#ae ,sid5ote3 ,new ,/atesman ,oct4 #aiad ,"h is a book t />ts a doz5 h>es1 any "o ( :i* w\ld be wor? cat*+ or hunt+1 at any rate1 ?r\gh a c\ple ( l>ge-type columns4 ,= a really good book ab\t ,william ,morris is b\nd to raise ^? que/ions t ,morris made int]e/+ & 8 disciples fa%ionable1 & t our *ildr51 we may hope1 w "o day make vital4 ,h[ f> c society affect art1 or art society8 ,:at might we h made ( ma*9]y & :at has ma*9]y made ( u8 ,0 ! n9ete5? c5tury a disa/] or only a failure8 ,^! are ! que/ions t x seems "r & natural = a writ] :o has made ,william ,morris 8 peg to discuss2 & if ,i discuss some?+ q diff]5t x may look z ?\gh1 =sak+ pr(itable h>es1 ,i 7 aft] a h]r+ ( my own trail+4 ,yet1 read+ ?is book1 ,i f9d t ! "q t int]e/s me mo/ is3 ,:y does ,clutton ,brock t5d to ov]rate ,william ,morris8 ,to answ] x ,i h _h to discov] :at sort ( p]son ,i suppose ,clutton ,brock to be1 & ,william ,morris to h be54 ,clutton ,brock is "o ( our be/ critics4 ,:5 ,i say ?is1 ( c\rse ,i take into consid]ation 8 unsign$ writ+s1 ! anonymity ( :i* is n s /rict z to make my judgm5t indiscreet4 ,)\t ! subtlety ( a philosoph] or a tra9$ dialectician1 he has be5 ble/ ) a p[]ful intellect :i* enables him1 unlike mo/ ( our critics1 n only to di/+ui% betwe5 s5se & nons5se1 b himself to refra9 f say+ :at is utt]ly absurd4 ,mr4 ,brock does n l nons5se1 & he nev] talks x4 ,bo? ! =m & ! cont5t ( 8 criticism are intellectual4 ,he is 9 ! great ,engli% tradition--! tradition ( ,dryd5 & ,johnson & ,macaulay & ,leslie ,/eph52 he has an argum5tative prose-/yle & a di/a/e = highfalut91 &1 :]e ! un5light5$ intellectualism ( ,macaulay & ,leslie ,/eph51 & ! incorrigible common s5se ( ,johnson1 might h pit*$ ^! em95t m5 into ! sl\gh ( desp]ate absurdity1 x (t5 happ5s t ,mr4 ,brock1 ^: less p[]ful m9d is sweet5$ by a s5se ( art1 contrives to escape4 ,no man :o has ev] done any?+ wor? do+ has done less highfalut9 ?an ,morris4 ,he 0 always ! craftsman :o kept close to 8 mat]ial1 & ?\ght m ab\t ! block & ! *isel ?an ab\t /hetic ec/asy4 ,! ?rills & ec/asies ( life1 he seems to h felt1 mu/ come z by-products out ( do+ "o's job z well z "o c\ld3 !y 7 n ?+s1 he ?\ght1 to aim at1 or ev5 talk ab\t ov]mu*4 ,i d n agree ) ,morris1 b t is beside ! po9t4 ,! po9t is t ,clutton ,brock is unwill+ to disagree ) him viol5tly4 ,he has a peculi> k9dness = ,morris t does n surprise me4 ,he is a man :o works = 8 liv+1 & does 8 "w s well t we may be sure he w9s f x delight4 ,! great] "p ( :at he writes he does n sign2 & !re are ?\s&s ( p 9 ,engl& :o1 ?\gh !y h>dly "k 8 "n1 h yet be5 affect$ by 8 m9d4 ,z he sits quietly produc+ a surpris+ quantity ( good lit]ature1 he mu/ sometimes feel v ne> ^? anonym\s craftsm5 ( ! ,middle ,ages :o1 lo/ 9 ! scaffold+1 /ruck out =ms t w\ld to-day make only too famili> ! names ( _! creators4 ,at su* mom5ts1 c he be less ?an p>tial to ! man :o und]/ood s well ! greatness & ! dignity ( ^? nameless arti/s8 ,morris 0 among/ ! fir/ to p]ceive t mu* ( ! greate/ art has be5 produc$ anonym\sly & collectively2 & we may be sure t ,clutton ,brock %>es 8 dislike = t wor%ip ( names1 t int]e/ 9 catalogues & biographies1 :i* among/ ! collect+ classes /ill does duty = /hetic s5sibility4 ,morris 0 indignant1 z well he might be1 :5 he he>d ! pictures ( "s fam\s arti/--fam\s because he sign$ 8 "n & left "s record ( 8 life--exalt$ above ! sculpture & w9d[s ( ,*>tres--! "w ( obscure /one-cutt]s & v]ri]s4 ,he lov$ ! m$ival craftsm5 = ! f95ess ( _! "w & = _! p]sonal mode/y4 ,he lik$ to ?9k ( m5 :o c\ld take _! ord]s f a contre-matre & execute !m sup]bly1 p>tly1 ,i ?9k1 because he saw t ^! 7 m5 :o c\ld be fitt$ into 8 ideal ,/ate4 ,& ,mr4 ,clutton ,brock1 good ,sociali/ t he is1 mu/1 ,i suppose1 himself h be5 p]plex$ by t problem :i* confronts e mod]n ,/ate-projector3 ,:at is to be done ab\t ! arti/s8 ,h[ are ^! /range1 turbul5t1 individuali/ic creatures to be fitt$ into any rational collectivism8 ,:at place c be f\nd 9 ,utopia = p :o d n "w to live1 b live to d :at !y consid] _! own peculi> piece ( "w8 ,n[1 if only !y 7 craftsm51 !y w\ld make :at 0 want$2 !y w\ld d :at !y 7 told4 ,"s feel+ ( ?is sort may1 ,i ?9k1 be at ! back ( ,mr4 ,clutton ,brock's peculi> sympa?y ) ,morris2 x w\ld expla91 too1 :y he did less ?an ju/ice to ,%elley 9 t rem>kable /udy he publi%$ "s ye>s ago4 ,he c\ld n q =give ! poet = be+ s hopelessly anti-,social4 ,p]haps1 9 8 he>t1 ,mr4 ,brock w\ld h>dly admit ! absolute value ( /hetic rapture2 he wants art to d some?+ = life1 & he loses pati5ce ) p :o simply add to its confusion4 ,%elley1 he ?\ght1 made a mess ( 8 own life & ( ,h>riet's1 &1 = all "o kn[s1 ( ,miss ,hit*5]'s1 & ( a score ( o!rs2 & 8 poetry y mu/ read = its own sake or n at all4 ,! poetry ( ,morris has value = p :o h nev] kn[n :at x is to feel an /hetic emotion1 & 8 life 0 sup]bly useful to 8 fell[-m54 ,! great ,/ate ( ! future w be glad ( z _m ,william ,morrises z x c get4 ,b x is ,i :o am be+ less ?an j n[4 ,f :at ,i h said any "o might inf] t ,i _h n read1 or _h n appreciat$1 t volume call$ ,! ,def5ce ( ,gu5ev]e & ,o!r ,poems1 9 :i* are to be f\nd ?+s ( pure beauty1 ,summ] ,dawn1 ,9 ,prison1 ,! ,w9d1 ,! ,hay/ack 9 ! ,floods2 any "o might suppose t ,i did n "k ,love is ,en\gh4 ,^! are ! poems :i*1 ) ,sigurd1 give ,william ,morris 8 place among/ ! poets4 ,mr4 ,clutton ,brock feels ?is surely en\gh1 because he possesses1 besides intellect1 t o!r & r>] critical faculty1 t spiritual tun+-=k by :i* a f9e critic di/+ui%es betwe5 emotion & s5tim5tality1 betwe5 rhetoric & rant4 ,x is because ,mr4 ,brock possesses ?is peculi> s5sibility--"p /hetic1 "p e?ical1 & "p intellectual1 x seems--t he c be tru/$ to detect & dislike ev5 ! subtle/ manife/ations ( t quality :i* mo/ di/+ui%es ,t5nyson f ,morris1 ,kipl+ f ,walt ,:itman1 & ! ,bi%op ( ,london f ! ,vic> ( ,wakefield4 ,t is :y ,i suppose ,mr4 ,brock to be "o ( our be/ critics4 ,if !re 7 any?+ fundam5tally na/y ab\t ,morris ,mr4 ,brock w\ld n be incl9$ to ov]rate him4 ,mr4 ,brock p>dons no unp>donable horrors3 !re are none "h to p>don4 ,b he ov]rates1 or r ov]m>ks1 ,william ,morris z a scrupul\s b s(t-he>t$ exam9] might ov]m>k a sympa!tic pupil4 ,he nev] gives m>ks :5 ! answ] is wrong1 b he gives a great _m :5 x is "r3 & he is a little bl9d to defici5cies4 ,he does n make x cle> t ,morris1 z an arti/1 0 curs$ ) two ( ! ?ree mod]n ,engli% vices1 t he 0 prov9cial & amateuri%4 ,b he gives him full cr$it = n be+ goad$ to futility by a s5se ( 8 own g5ius4 ,morris 0 prov9cial z ! ,pre-,raphaelites & ,t5nyson & ,c>lyle 7 prov9cial1 z ,sw9burne & ,:i/l] 7 n2 8 m9d c\ld r>ely escape f ! place & age 9 :i* x 0 =m$4 ,he look$ at art & life1 & at ! future ev51 f ! po9t ( view ( an ,engli%man & a ,victorian2 & :5 he tries to *ange 8 position we feel ! ,victorian lab\r+1 m or less unsuccessfully1 to get out ( himself4 ,:5 ,i accuse him ( be+ amateuri% ,i d n use t vile ^w 9 contradi/9ction to pr(essional4 ,9 a s5se all true arti/s mu/ be amateurs2 ! pr(essional view1 ! view t art is a hopeful & g5teel way ( e>n+ "o's liv+1 is possible only to (ficial portrait-pa9t]s & contractors = public monum5ts4 ,:5 ,i say t ,morris1 l almo/ all our visual arti/s & too _m ( our mod]n writ]s1 0 amateuri%1 ,i mean t he 0 n s]i\s en\gh ab\t 8 art4 ,he t5d$ to reg>d art z a "p ( life in/ead ( reg>d+ life z a means to art4 ,a long morn+'s "w1 an aft]noon ( fre% air1 a quiet ev5+1 & s to b$ & fit next morn+ = ano!r good spell ( production2 some?+ ( t sort1 "o fancies1 0 n unlike ! ideal ( ,william ,morris4 ,x is a craftsman's ideal2 x is a good life = any "o b an arti/2 & x w\ld be a good attitude t[>ds art if art 7 n some?+ altoge!r diff]5t f "w4 ,alas6 x is ! ,engli% attitude4 ,i nev] look at ^? ,saxon manuscripts 9 ! ,briti% ,museum b ,i say to myself3 ,& didn't !y g out & h a game ( cricket aft] h\rs & "w all ! h>d] next day = _! :olesome ex]cise6 ,b f ! fatal curse ,morris 0 free2 no man ( great ability 0 ev] less conceit$4 ,y w n f9d 9 8 "w a trace ( t tir$ pomposity :i* tells u t ! great man is %[+ (f1 or ( t empty pret5ti\s s+ul>ity :i* betrays ! vanity ( ! lonely ,briti% arti/4 ,morris 0 nev] ! self-consci\s ma/] call+ on sun & moon to /& & wat* him sign 8 "n1 nei!r 0 he ! %y g5ius ( ! ,engli% h$g][s %elt]+ 8 little tal5t f contempor>y infection & ! *ill w9ds ( criticism4 ,morris 0 nei!r a great arti/ nor a great ?9k]1 b he 0 a great man1 & t1 ,i suspect1 is ! *ief reason :y ,mr4 ,brock loves him1 & :y none ( ! bett] sort c help lik+ him4 ,he _h t magnanimity :i* makes p take in/9ctively ! "r side4 ,8 reasons might be wrong1 b he 0 9 ! "r4 ,!re are p 9 hi/ory1 & ,morris is "o ( !m1 ab\t :om we feel t if !y 7 alive !y w\ld sympa?ize ) :atev] 7 ! be/ & mo/ press+ aspirations ( ! age4 ,morris w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be z firm to-day z ev] aga9/ plutocracy1 b "o feels sure t he w\ld take 8 /& ) ^? :o are try+ to w9 = !mselves "s k9d ( moral & intellectual z well z economic fre$om4 ,"o feels sure he w\ld be ( t =lorn hope ( civilization t c>ries on a sporadic & ineffective w> aga9/ (ficialism & milit>ism on ! "o h&1 & puritanism & sup]/ition on ! o!r4 ,"o feels sure t1 h[ev] little he might l new developm5ts 9 art or ?\ght1 he w\ld be aga9/ ! p :o tri$ to suppress !m4 ,"o feels q sure t he w\ld nev] cease to believe t s long z society is imp]fect x is ! "r & duty ( individuals to exp]im5t4 ,! fact is1 ,morris 0 at once a practical craftsman & an ideali/4 ,9 practical affairs & private prejudices he c\ld be z trucul5t & wrong-head$ z ! re/ ( u2 b he 0 always consci\s ( some?+ mu* m important ?an practical affairs & private prejudices4 ,he c>$ no?+ = 8 own reputation & little = imm$iate success because he c>$ = some?+ great]4 ,= t he c>$ s mu* t he 0 able to =give ! qu>rels & absurdities ( ! ,hamm]smi? ,sociali/s & to laugh ev5 at 8 own vehem5ce4 ,,footnote3 #ae ,william ,morris4 ,by ,a4 ,clutton ,brock4 7,williams & ,norgate3 ,home ,univ]sity ,libr>y1 #as4 net47 ,,p]sian ,,m9iatures#af ,sid5ote3 ,burl+ton ,magaz9e ,may #aiad ,v sl[ly x is becom+ possible to con/ruct a hi/ory ( ,p]sian pa9t+4 ,until q lately all attempts 7 fru/rat$ by :at is sure to fru/rate ! attempts ( ! fir/ hi/orians ( any s*ool or slope1 or1 = t matt]1 ( any subject :atev]--a false po9t ( dep>ture4 ,s long z x 0 suppos$ t ,behzad 0 ! fir/ mature ma/] ( ,p]sian pa9t+1 ,p]sian art-hi/orians 7 z inevitably out 9 _! conjectures z 7 ! p :o us$ to believe t ,raphael 0 :at !y w\ld h call$ ! fons et origo ( ,european pa9t+4 ,we are n[ acqua9t$1 if n famili>1 ) ,p]sian pa9t+s ( ! ?irte5? & e>ly f\rte5? c5turies1 ) ! ,mongol & ) a pre-,mongol s*ool--= x seems imprud5t to give ! "n ,mongol to works t c be assign$ to a date e>li] ?an #abeh 7! ye> ( ! eponym\s e/abli%m5t71 especially z !y diff] pr(\ndly f ! recogniz$ ,mongol type4 ,we "k t ! pre-,mongol s*ool 0 ! heir ( a great decorative tradition2 & we h good reasons = believ+ t ?is tradition 0 bas$ on ,sassanian1 ,sung1 & ,byzant9e art4 ,we are !re=e m or less 9 ! position ( p :o %\ld be acqua9t$ ) ! "w ( ,cimabue1 ,giotto1 & ,duccio1 ?\gh kn[+ v little ( ,byzant9e art & its primitive developm5ts 9 ! ,we/4 ,( ?is e>ly p]iod--,mongol & pre-,mongol--we d n yet possess _m examples2 b ! /ud5t :o turns to ! ,burl+ton ,magaz9e = ,july & ,augu/ #aiac w see reproductions f a sup]b manuscript ( ! late ?irte5? c5tury1 ,mr4 ,pi]pont ,morgan's ,manafi-i-,heiwan1 & any "o :o has ! good =tune to "k ,m4 ,claude ,anet or ,m4 ,vigni] c probably be put 9 ! way ( see+ "s orig9als4 ,he w discov] 9 ! "w ( ?is e>ly p]iod two di/9ct s*ools3 "o--( :i* ! runn+ ibexes 9 ! ,manafi-i-,heiwan is an example--obvi\sly relat$ to ,sung2 ! o!r--( :i* ! ,kalila & ,dimna m9iatures#ag 7dat$ #abcf71 & ! elephants f ! ,manafi-i-,heiwan 7#abie circa7 may be tak5 z illu/rations--rem9d+ u r ( ,sassanian art4 ,exquisite p]fection ( l9e is ! dom9ant *>act]i/ic ( ! fir/ s*ool2 9 ! second1 we f9d a broad] treatm5t1 a m spl5did disposition ( masses1 & a m monum5tal design ?an 9 any o!r kn[n s*ool ( ,p]sian pa9t+4 ,x is among/ ! works ( ^! ?irte5?-c5tury pa9t]s t we mu/ look = ! discov]$ ma/]pieces ( ,p]sian art4 ,9 our pres5t /ate ( ignorance we may call ?is ! great age4 ,x is ! famili> age ( f9e ,rhages pott]y2 & to comp>e ! beautiful draw+ on ! twelf?-& ?irte5?-c5tury pots ) ! m9iatures ( ?is p]iod is to let a flood ( light on to ! /udy ( bo?4 ,mr4 ,kevorkian has1 or _h1 a wond]ful pa9t+ f ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,kalifs by ,tab>i 7ab\t #abjj71 ! figures ( :i* might h walk$ /raight out ( a ,rhages b[l into :i* !y _h walk$ "s fifty ye>s e>li] direct f ,we/]n ,*9a4 ,yet1 admirable z ?is ?irte5? c5tury is1 ,i d n believe t x is 9 fact ! supreme age ( ,p]sian pa9t+4 ,c]ta9ly x is n ! primitive age4 ,?is is an art t comes out ( a long tradition4 ,& j z we h already discov]$ pott]y e>li] ?an & surpass+ t ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 s ,i hope & believe we %all yet see primitive ,p]sian pa9t+s sup]ior to any?+ t ! late pre-,mongol & ,mongol p]iod c %[4 ,= ! pres5t we c only say t ! works ( ?is p]iod are n mu* inf]ior to ! greate/ t ! g5ius ( any race or age has creat$4 ,9 #acce beg9s :at is kn[n z ! ,tim\rid age--! age belov$ above all o!rs by disc]n+ connoisseurs--& x is tempt+ to assign to ?is fam\s p]iod ! illu/rations 9 a manuscript belong+ to ,mr4 ,h]ramaneck1 n[ 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,ruck1 f :i* are drawn ! pa9t+s reproduc$ on ,plate ,i4 ,?is temptation is /r5g!n$ by ! fact t ! manuscript is said to be dat$ #acih2 yet x is a temptation to :i* ,i am unwill+ to yield4 ,r1 ,i incl9e to ?9k t ^! are ! "w ( an e>ly contempor>y ( ,behzad1 by :om !y are n influ5c$1 & t !y belong1 !re=e1 to t int]e/+ p]iod ( transition :i* lies betwe5 ! ,tim\rids ( ! fifte5? & ! ,sefevaeans ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,if we turn to ! ,burl+ton ,magaz9e = ,octob] #aiab1 we c comp>e our ,plate ,i1 a1 ) two pa9t+s1 "o 9 ,m4 ,claude ,anet's collection dat+ f ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ! o!r f ,m4 ,mey]-,rief/ahl's belong+ to ! fifte5?4 ,all h ,mongol aff9ities3 b 9 ,m4 ,anet's picture1 ?\gh ! r f9ick+ & academic draw+ ( ! tree %[s t already "u ! e>ly ,tim\rids ! full ,p]sian /yle 0 develop$1 !re are yet to be f\nd traces ( a monum5tal design t _h almo/ disappe>$ by ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! "w "h illu/rat$ is too descriptive & n suffici5tly monum5tal to be assign$ to ! ,tim\rid age1 & s ,i give x to ! late fifte5? c5tury1 to ^? delici\s ye>s :5 ! old tradition1 ?\gh weak5$1 _h n be5 smo!r$ "u ! sc5ic delicacies br\ght into fa%ion by ,behzad4 ,if ! ,tim\rid age is to be dubb$ ! ,p]sian quattroc5to1 ,mr4 ,ruck's man w pass mu/] z ! c\nt]p>t ( "s arti/ old] ?an ,raphael1 :o work$ indep5d5tly ( ! "y prodigy unaffect$ by 8 ultimately disa/r\s inv5tions4 ,f an album1 also 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,ruck1 comes a draw+ sign$ by ,behzad & reproduc$ on ,plate ,,ii1 c4 ,on ! g5u95ess ( ! signature ,i _c pret5d to an op9ion1 b !re seem to be no solid gr\nds = disput+ x4 ,! "w itself is *>act]i/ic en\gh4 ,x is accompli%$ & ta/eful2 x is also ?9 9 quality & ! =ms are indiff]5tly co-ord9at$4 ,x is1 9 fact1 a v pretty piece ( illu/ration2 x is n a pr(\ndly mov+ design4 ,comp>$ ) figure ,a on ,plate ,i x is tight & unlovely3 comp>$ ) ! ma/]pieces ( ! ?irte5? c5tury x is n ev5 :at a picture by ,raphael is to a picture by ,giotto2 if1 hi/orically1 ,behzad is ! ,raphael ( ,p]sia1 /hetically1 he is a v inf]ior "o4 ,x is 9 ! po/-,behzad art1 _! ,sefevaean art ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 t ! ,p]sians h ! advantage ( u4 ,! m9iatures ( ?is age 71 until lately1 reckon$ by ,european collectors ! ma/]pieces ( ,p]sian pa9t+1 & ! decl9e ( _! reputation may be comp>$ ) t ( ^? lat] c9quec5ti/e :o /ood s high 9 ! ta/e ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! desc5t1 h[ev]1 has be5 less %>p z ! error 0 less gl>+4 ,aft] ,behzad !re is no su* tumble z befell ,italian art 9 ! la/ days ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,on ! contr>y1 z my f9al illu/rations 7also drawn f ,mr4 ,ruck's scrap-book7 %[1 ! ,p]sian art ( ! sixte5? c5tury ma9ta9$ a v high level4 ,! ladd] picture 7,plate ,,iii1 ,d7 is1 ,i presume1 by ,sultan ,moham$4 ,= my "p ,i pref] x to ! ,behzad4 ,x is less me*anical2 & ,i f9d 9 x none ( t we>y pomposity1 t ge/ure ( ! great man :o kn[s 8 bus9ess too well1 :i* s (t5 displeases me 9 ! ma/]4 ,sultan ,moham$ 01 s ! /ory goes1 a pupil ( ,aga ,mirek1 :o 0 a pupil ( ,behzad4 ,?is *>m+ ,sultan ,moham$ belongs to ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & its companion illu/ration 7,plate ,,iii1 ,e7 may be plac$ "s tw5ty ye>s lat]4 ,ab\t ?is la/1 h[ev]1 x w\ld be easy & excusable to g wrong2 = f ! local col\r & ! head ( ! man :o leads ! horse x w\ld seem to h be5 pa9t$ 9 ,india4 ,we "k t ! album f :i* x comes 0 = _m ye>s 9 t c\ntry2 yet ,i _c believe t ?is picture is ! product ( any ,indo-,p]sian s*ool4 ,x is too good3 !re p]si/s too mu* ( ! great ,tim\rid & ,mongol tradition :i*1 z ! "w ( ,sultan ,moham$ %[s1 0 /ill *]i%$ by ! ,p]sian arti/s ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,t x is e>li] ?an ! sev5te5? c5tury & ! reign ( ,%ah ,abbas is beyond dispute2 x is unta9t$1 or almo/ unta9t$1 ) t s(t1 slick1 convictionless wooll9ess t 0 br\ght to p]fection by ,riza ,abbassi1 ! c\rt pa9t]1 & seems to h flatt]$ s happily ! ta/e ( ! ,p]sian gr& mon>que4 ,! figure ( ! kneel+ pr9cess comes ne>] to ! /yle ( ,mirek ?an to t ( any o!r arti/ ) :om ,i am acqua9t$2 &1 if ,i mu/ haz>d a guess1 ,i w sugge/ t ?is is ! "w ( "s ,p]sian pupil ( ,mirek :o w5t to try 8 luck at ! c\rt ( ! ,great ,mogul4 ,) ,%ah ,abbas & ! sev5te5? c5tury ,p]sian art becomes def9itely & hopelessly second-rate4 ,f ! ru9s em]ge a v>iety ( decad5t s*ools ( :i* two des]ve m5tion4 ,! academic s*ool cont9u$ ! ,behzad tradition1 & its h>d b capable /yle did well en\gh = copy+ ,p]sian old ma/]s1 ,european pa9t+s by su* arti/s z ,bell9i1 & engrav+s by su* artisans z ,m>cantonio--an amus+ product ( ?is la/ k9d ( activity 7also f a book 9 ,mr4 ,ruck's possession7 w be reproduc$ lat] 9 ! ,burl+ton ,magaz9e4 ,at ! same "t !re appe>$ a fre] & s(t] /yle1 examples ( :i*1 at fir/ sight1 sometimes rem9d "o ( a p>ticul>ly good ,cond]4 ,9 ,india develop$ a numb] ( s*ools1 romantic1 picturesque1 & lit]al2 ( ^!1 a que] s5sual *>m not)/&+1 x mu/ be confess$ t ! two ma9 *>act]i/ics are weakness ( design & a sweetly sug>y col\r4 ,b ,i am /ray+ beyond any b\nd>y t my illu/rations c\ld ju/ify4 ,i h be5 able to give excell5t examples ( ! late middle p]iod ( ,p]sian pa9t+4 ,9 ! two fir/ we caught an e*o ( ! great ,tim\rid age & felt a premonition ( ! good ,sefevaean3 9 ! la/ we see h[ spl5did ,p]sian pa9t+ c\ld be 9 its decl9e4 ,i wi% ,i c\ld h reproduc$ examples to %[ h[ glori\s 0 its y\? & e>ly manhood4 ,,footnotes3 #af ,to make ! mo/ ( an article ( ?is sort ! read] ought1 obvi\sly1 to h illu/rations by him4 ,= ^!1 9 ! orig9al ev51 ,i 0 oblig$ to ref] to back numb]s ( ! ,burl+ton ,magaz9e1 & n[ ,i mu/ ref] also to ! plates t accompani$ ?is article :5 fir/ x appe>$4 #ag ,9 ! collections ( ,m4 ,h5raux & ,m4 ,claude ,anet4 ,reproduc$ 9 ! ,burl+ton ,magaz9e1 ,octob] #aiab4 ,,c\nt]*eck ,,qu>relsome ,sid5ote3 ,new ,/atesman ,m>4 #aiad ,i ha/5 to accept ,mr4 ,r&all ,davies's (f] ( fri5d%ip1#ah ?\gh ,i d\bt :e!r mu* good c come ( x if we are to g on argu+ ab\t /hetics4 ,we are too f> ap>t4 ,:at ,mr4 ,davies feels = a picture is some?+ altoge!r diff]5t f :at he feels = a c>pet1 :]eas ! emotion ,i feel = a c>pet is ( exactly ! same k9d z ! emotion ,i feel = a picture1 a /atue1 a ca!dral1 or a pot4 ,also1 my :ole sy/em ( /hetics is bas$ on ?is psy*ological fact1 s t x w\ld1 p]haps1 h be5 wis] 9 ,mr4 ,davies to h /at$ ! diff]5ce betwe5 u & let x g at t4 ,if "s "o 7 to f9d fault ) ! ,new ,/atesman on acc\nt ( ! flims9ess & inadequacy ( ! argum5ts x adduces 9 fav\r ( private own]%ip ( railways1 ! editor1 be+ a polite man1 w\ld reply1 ,i suppose1 t 8 critic _h misund]/ood ! policy ( ! pap]3 he w\ld n feel t 8 argum5ts _h receiv$ any v damag+ bl[4 ,9 my fir/ *apt] ,i made x cle>--my publi%]s accus$ me ( becom+ repetiti\s ab\t x--t :at ,i want$ to discov] 0 a quality common & peculi> to all ^? objects ,i call$ works ( art2 ,i expla9$ t by works ( art ,i meant objects t provok$ 9 me a peculi> emotion1 call$ /hetic2 & ,i repeat$ ov] & ov] aga9 t among/ ^! objects 7 pictures1 pots1 textiles1 /atues1 build+s1 etc4 ,mr4 ,davies's %>p eyes h enabl$ him to p]ceive ei!r t my hypo!sis--t significant =m is ! ess5tial quality 9 a "w ( art--leads to ! inclusion ( ,p]sian c>pets among/ works ( art1 or t ! hypo!sis t repres5tation is ! ess5ce ( art excludes !m3 ,i am n sure :i*4 ,anyway1 ?is mu* is c]ta91 ei!r bo? pictures & c>pets c be works ( art or !y _c4 ,i set out f ! hypo!sis t pictures & c>pets1 or r "s pictures & "s c>pets1 are works ( art2 & !re=e ,i am less incl9$ to feel cru%$ by ,mr4 ,davies's discov]y t my premises foll[ f my conclusions ?an to inquire :y ,mr4 ,davies does n consid] c>pets & pots & build+s works ( art1 or1 if1 aft] all1 he does consid] !m works ( art1 to :at class he relegates pictures & /atues4 ,my object is to discov] "s quality common & peculi> to all works ( art4 ,su* a quality !re mu/ be unless :5 we use ! t]m works ( art we gibb]4 ,does ,mr4 ,davies ass]t t only pictures & /atues c be works ( art8 ,or are we to assume t he gibb]s8 ,ev5 if ,i _c argue pr(itably ) my new fri5d ,i may be able to give him a useful h9t4 ,= ?\gh1 z he wittily obs]ves1 he is /ill mu* old] ?an ,i am1 x is conceivable t ,i enjoy a wid] /hetic exp]i5ce4 ,to look = ! same qualities 9 a c>pet & a picture w\ld be equally absurd1 see+ t "o is int5d$ to hang on ! wall & ! o!r to be laid on ! floor4 ,if any "o d\bts ?is1 let him frame 8 c>pets & put 8 canvases ov] ! p>quet4 ,to hang on ! wall 01 ( c\rse1 precisely ! purpose = :i* _m ( ! f9e/ ,ori5tal c>pets 7 int5d$2 b disda9+ all consid]ations1 no matt] h[ relevant1 t seem to set a premium on s*ol>%ip1 ,i w gladly put my fri5d & 8 read]s 9 ! way ( c>ry+ out ?is int]e/+ exp]im5t4 ,!y ne$ n jeop>dize ! draw+-room furniture4 ,n f> f ! h\se 9 :i* ,mr4 ,davies lives /&s a build+ s l>ge & s silly t x c sc>cely h escap$ 8 admiration4 ,x is ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum2 & any "o :o c>es to /ep inside c see a fair collection ( ,ori5tal c>pets hang+ picture-wise aga9/ ! wall--hang+ 9 frames too4 ,i %all be v mu* surpris$ if ! m s5sitive ( ^? :o tr\ble to pay !m a visit d n feel t ^! c>pets are z /hetically satisfactory on ! wall z !y w\ld be on ! floor1 & ,i %all be amaz$ if !y d n feel also t !y are z def9itely works ( art z ! objects t adorn ! walls ( ! ,tate ,gall]y4 ,my purpose is to discov] ! quality common & peculi> to works ( art4 ,i h sugge/$ t ?is quality is :at ,i call ,significant ,=m--i4e4 comb9ations ( l9es & col\rs t are 9 !mselves mov+4 ,a good _m p besides ,mr4 ,davies h blam$ me = giv+ ! "n ,significant ,=m to j t =m :i* seems to signify no?+4 ,i adopt$ ! t]m ) hesitation1 & ,i %all sacrifice x )\t pa9 if some?+ bett] c be f\nd to take its place4 ,all ! same1 ,i did try to expla9 :at ,i meant by x4 ,i speak ( ,significant ,=m 9 contradi/9ction to ,insignificant ,beauty--! beauty ( gems or ( a butt]fly's w+1 ! beauty t pleases1 b does n seem to provoke t peculi> ?rill t we call an /hetic emotion4 ,i sugge/$ v cauti\sly t ! explanation ( ?is diff]5ce might lie 9 ! fact t ! =ms creat$ by an arti/ express1 or 9 "s way transmit1 an emotion felt by _! creator1 :]eas ! =ms ( nature1 s f> z mo/ ( u are conc]n$1 d n seem to h& on any?+ s def9ite4 ,b ab\t ?is "p ( my !ory ,i 01 & /ill am1 extremely diffid5t1 & ,i m5tion x "h only 9 ! hope ( ju/ify+ :at has seem$ to _m s5sible p a silly "n4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( my book ,i 0 at "s pa9s to expla9 :y ,i held t all sy/ems ( /hetics mu/ be bas$ on p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,i said t my purpose 0 to discov] "s quality common & peculi> to all works t mov$ me /hetically1 & ,i invit$ ^? ^: exp]i5ce did n tally ) m9e--& ^: exp]i5ce does tally exactly ) t ( any "o else8--to discov] "s o!r quality common & peculi> to all ! objects t s mov$ !m4 ,i said t 9 elaborat+ a !ory ( /hetics an au?or mu/ dep5d entirely on 8 own exp]i5ce1 & 9 my book ,i dep5d$ entirely on m9e4 ,!re are p to :om a simple /atem5t ( ?is sort comes z a press+ invitation to score *eaply3--,s n[ we "k :at art is1 x is :atev] y are pleas$ to hon\r ) y\r approval4 ,b :y %\ld ,mr4 ,bell suppose t ! =ms t move him are ! only ones prop] to move o!rs8 says ,mr4 ,davies4 ,aga91 x is z fooli% = ,mr4 ,bell1 or any o!r individual1 to say1 z he does say1 t ,fri?'s ,padd+ton ,/ation is n a "w ( art z x w\ld be = me to say t rhub>b t>t--:i* ,i dete/--is n food4 ,if ,i 7 ! only p]son 9 ! _w :o ate any?+1 !n1 ,i admit1 ,i %\ld be "r 9 say+ t x 0 n food--= x w\ld n be1 because ,i %\ld nev] eat x4 ,& if ,mr4 ,bell 7 ! only spectator ( works ( art on e>?1 he w\ld h a p]fect "r to say t ,padd+ton ,/ation 0 n a "w ( art4 ,b z he is n ! only p]son on e>?--if he w =give me = m5tion+ ! fact--he has no "r to say t x is n a "w ( art4 ,if ?is 7 any?+ m respectable ?an "o ( ^? pieces ( grave b delicate s>casm = :i* ,i am told ,mr4 ,davies is fam\s1 x w\ld be p]il\s doctr9e 9 ! m\? ( a pr(essional art critic4 ,we h no "r to say t some?+ is n a "w ( art s long z o!r p say t x is4 ,! poor fell[ :o has gone ?r\gh ) a picture to ! v end & has got x hung w always1 ,i suspect1 consid] x a "w ( art2 & ,i hope t "s ( 8 fri5ds w h ! humanity to back him up4 ,!re=e 444 well1 we mu/ be ca?olic4 ,b ,mr4 ,r&all ,davies1 :o deals out1 week aft] week1 column aft] column ( /hetic judgm5ts1 may surely be invit$ by 8 read]s to disclose ! crit]ia by :i* he di/+ui%es betwe5 works ( art & rubbi%4 ,if a "w ( art be t :i* any "o judges to be a "w ( art1 we may z well consult ! fir/ policeman we meet in/ead ( go+ = an op9ion to a paid exp]t4 ,if ,mr4 ,davies _h und]/ood ! v simple language 9 :i* ,i /at$ my position1 he w\ld h realiz$ t :5 ,i say t ,padd+ton ,/ation is n a "w ( art ,i mean t ,padd+ton ,/ation does n provoke 9 me an /hetic emotion1 & t ,i believe we c h no reason = ?9k+ a ?+ to be a "w ( art except t we feel x to be "o4 ,padd+ton ,/ation did n move me2 !re=e ,i _h no reason = judg+ x a "w ( art1 b1 ( c\rse1 ,i may h look$ at ! picture /upidly & rema9$ ins5sitive to ! real significance ( its =ms4 ,if ,mr4 ,davies _h und]/ood ! v simple language 9 :i* ,i /at$ my position1 he w\ld h realiz$ t1 f> f mak+ a claim to infallibility 9 /hetic judgm5ts1 ,i insi/$ on ! fact t we might all disagree ab\t p>ticul> works ( art & yet agree ab\t /hetics4 ,b if ,mr4 ,davies _h be5 able to cat* ! g5]al drift ( my book1 he w\ld h und]/ood t :e!r ,padd+ton ,/ation moves me or :e!r x leaves me cold is a matt] ( second>y importance4 ,! po9t ( fir/ importance is :e!r a p]son :o is mov$ 9 ! same sort ( way by ,padd+ton ,/ation & a ,sung b[l & ,/a4 ,sophia & a ,p]sian c>pet c f9d any quality common & peculi> to all save t :i* ,i h call$ ,significant ,=m4 ,t is ! problem4 ,x is n q s simple z ,i h _h to make x appe>4 ,"s day ,i hope to answ] ! p]t95t que/ions rais$ by ,mr4 ,rog] ,fry & o!r critics4 ,9 my book ,i h exam9$ my own exp]i5ce 9 ! hope ( induc+ my read]s to exam9e !irs4 ,:at d !y say8 ,are !y really talk+ nons5se :5 !y speak ( works ( art1 includ+ "u t head pictures1 pots1 build+s1 textiles1 etc48 ,if !y are n1 :at *>act]i/ic di/+ui%es ! species8 ,d !y n feel z mu* emotion = a picture ( a r\nd ( beef z = a picture ( ! ,crucifixion1 & d !y feel less = a ,sassanian textile8 ,if :at !y _h tak5 = a jug turns out to be a pap]-weight2 if1 z sometimes happ5s 9 a batt]$ fresco1 :at 0 said to be ! ,heav5ly ho/ is prov$ to be a pack ( lic5ti\s ,flor5t9es1 d !y really h to readju/ _! /hetic attitude8 ,if p :o are capable ( feel+ & ( analys+ _! feel+s w give me hone/ answ]s to ^! que/ions1 ,i %all be ev5 m grateful to !m ?an ,i am to ,mr4 ,davies = 8 faceti\s adv]tisem5t ( my book4 ,,footnote3 #ah ,i wond] :at ,mr4 ,davies really said4 ,any "o :o c>es to "k has only to consult ! ,new ,/atesman = ,m>* #g or #ad1 #aiad4 ,i h n a copy by me4 ,x looks z ?\gh !re _h be5 a pretty firm (f] ( "s sort3 x came to no?+1 alas6 ,,picture ,,%[s ,i ,,! ,,london ,,salon ,sid5ote3 ,a!num ,july #aiab ,!re are _m reasons = approv+ ( ! ,london ,salon4 ,= "o ?+ x is ! only place 9 ,engl& :]e pictures are hung )\t any selection be+ made4 ,! fate ( ! ,salon d',automne1 =m]ly ! mo/ int]e/+ exhibition 9 ,europe1 c\ld be cit$ to discr$it ! jury sy/em1 7 x n t ! sy/em _h discr$it$ itself ev5 m effectually 9 ?is c\ntry by mak+ x appe> t ,briti% art _h ceas$ to exi/4 ,no matt] h[ good ! int5tions ( a jury may be1 inevitably x comes to be dom9at$ by a clique ( pa9t]s :o imag9e t !y are sett+ a high /&>d by reject+ all pictures suffici5tly unlike _! own4 ,9 ,france1 !re=e1 ,les ,indp5dants h become ! repres5tatives ( contempor>y art1 :ile ,engli% p :o hope to discov] some?+ vital at home mu/ betake !mselves to ! ,alb]t ,hall4 ,b !re is m ?an ?is to be said = ! ,london ,salon3 its /&>d ( pa9t+ is f> high] ?an t ( ! ,royal ,academy or ( ! ,new ,engli% ,art ,club4 ,= ?is we h *iefly to ?ank ,mr4 ,walt] ,sick]t & 8 pupils4 ,!y set ! tone4 ,x is extraord9>y t any ma/] %\ld h l$ s _m pupils s f> along ! road to art4 ,all h be5 tak5 to t po9t :]e "w ceases to appe> utt]ly negligible4 ,all h be5 made to se>* life = realities1 & n = pictures4 ,!y h be5 taught to simplify & to select2 & !y h be5 taught n to select ! obvi\s1 ! romantic1 & ! pretty4 ,!y h n be5 taught1 h[ev]1 to discov] & express ! pr(\ndly significant1 = t _c be taught4 ,ev5 ,mr4 ,sick]t _c turn s9c]e & intellig5t pa9t]s into arti/s4 ,ent]+ ! ar5a1 ! visitor w probably turn fir/ to ! l>ge picture by ,mr4 ,wyndham ,lewis4 ,to appreciate ?is1 he %\ld take ! lift to ! gall]y1 :5ce1 hav+ %$ all irrelevant prejudices 9 fav\r ( repres5tation1 he w be able to contemplate x z a piece ( pure design4 ,he w be able to judge x z he w\ld judge music--t is to say1 z pure1 =mal expression4 ,s judg+1 he _c fail to be impress$ by ! solidity ( ! composition1 to :i* ! col\r is n an add$ *>m1 b ( :i* x is an integral "p2 he w feel t ! picture holds toge!r z a unity 9 ! way t a good sonata holds1 9 a way t no?+ else does 9 ?is exhibition2 also he w feel a c]ta9 dissatisfaction :i* may cause him to inquire :e!r ,mr4 ,lewis has altoge!r succe$$ 9 express+ himself4 ,we believe t he has n4 ,!re is a labori\sness ab\t ?is "w :i* seems to repres5t ! arti/'s unsuccessful /ruggle to realize 9 pa9t 8 m5tal conception2 & x is = ?is reason t we admire x r z a promise ( some?+ great ?an z an a*ievem5t4 ,! o!r /rik+ ?+ 9 ! ar5a is ,mr4 ,ep/e9's /atue4 ,approa*$ f beh9d1 z ! pres5t writ] approa*$ x1 ?is has v mu* ! air ( an important "w ( art2 & t x well may be4 ,clos] exam9ation1 h[ev]1 raises "s d\bts4 ,is x1 p]haps1 only ! imitation ( "o8 ,mr4 ,ep/e9 is a baffl+ arti/4 ,8 skill & s*ol>%ip are amaz+1 & he seems to h convictions2 b :at are !y8 ,has he m]ely a brilliant gift = description1 help$ out & sophi/icat$ by a subtle ta/e8 ,or has he a que] entangl$ s5se ( ! significance ( =m4 ,is he a pla/ic arti/ or an extraord9>ily gift$ /atu>y8 ,ev5 if ?is "w be an imitation1 h[ admirable a "o is x6 ,t ,mr4 ,ep/e9 %\ld comb9e ) ! ta/e & intellig5ce to p]ceive ! beauty ( ,mexican sculpture ! skill & sci5ce to reproduce its f9e qualities is surely some?+ to note & admire4 ,!re is en\gh 9 ?is figure1 imitative ?\gh x be1 to secure = its au?or pre-em95ce among/ liv+ ,briti% sculptors4#ai ,a ?ird "w 9 ?is "p ( ! hall has attract$ "s att5tion4 ,x is a picture ( ! coronation ( ,george ,v4 by "o ,f]n& ,piret1 a ,fr5* aviator--s ! /ory goes--:o nev] be=e dabbl$ 9 t]r5e arts4 ,x may be s4 ,9 any case he has contriv$ a mordant comm5t on t memorable & my/ic c]emony4 ,up/airs1 ! be/ ?+s are two *>m+ pictures by ,mr4 ,s4 ,f4 ,gore4 ,x is a joy to wat* ! progress ( ?is good arti/4 ,! pati5t & unpret5ti\s lab\r ( 8 exp]im5tal ye>s is be+ h&somely rew>d$4 ,mr4 ,gore is f9d+ himself2 we nev] d\bt$ t he 0 well wor? f9d+4 ,mr4 ,gilman1 too1 is /eadily becom+ m int]e/+2 b ,mr4 ,g9n] has1 z yet1 h>dly fulfill$ ! promise ( 8 e>ly "w4 ,! delicate s5sibility & f9e s*ol>%ip :i* ,m4 ,luci5 ,piss>ro *ooses to conceal b5ea? a pres5tm5t ( almo/ exagg]at$ mode/y w escape no "o ^: eyes h n be5 bl9d$ by ! flu% ( fa%ionable vulg>ity1 ( :i*1 happily1 !re is v little "h4 ,! ,london ,salon is no place = ^? :o are1 or :o hope to become1 portrait-mak]s at a ?\s& a head4 ,all ! cr$itable "w to be f\nd 9 ?is exhibition is n to be m5tion$ 9 "o article4 ,! pictures by ,miss ,hel5 ,saund]s1 pa9t$ surely "u ! influ5ce ( ,mr4 ,et*ells2 ,! ,omnibus1 by ,mr4 ,ad5ey2 ! works ( ,mrs4 ,l\ise ,pi*>d1 ,mr4 ,malcolm ,drummond1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,yeats1 & ,mr4 ,w4 ,b4 ,c4 ,burnet2 t r pret5ti\s piece1 ,les ,deux ,amies1 by ,madame ,r5e ,f9*2 & ,! ,cot1 a *>m+ little picture by ,mrs4 ,ogilvie--all des]ve m att5tion ?an any ov]work$ critic is likely to give !m4 ,!y are1 = ! mo/ "p1 accompli%$ pa9t+s t provoke no d\bts & no outrage\s hopes4 ,,footnote3 #ai #aiag3 ,a fri5dly critic read+ ?is p>agraph sugge/s t x might /& fairly z a description ( ,mevstrovi'c4 ,i _c agree4 ,ep/e9 is 9 e respect sup]ior to ! ,s]bian sculptor1 9 ^: "w !re c be no "q ( any?+ b pa/i*e4 ,x has be5 said t x expresses ! s\l ( ,s]bia4 ,i "k no?+ ( t4 ,:at ,i d "k1 :at e "o famili> ) mod]n art kn[s1 is t x expresses no?+ b :at c be le>nt by any clev] /ud5t 9 ! s*ools ( ,vi5na1 ,muni*1 & ,p>is4 ,,ii ,,engli% ,,po/-,,impressioni/s ,sid5ote3 ,nation ,oct4 #aiac ,x is said t ,czanne 0 9 ! habit ( describ+ himself z a pupil ( ,camille ,piss>ro4 ,! belief is popul>1 & may be well f\nd$2 at any rate1 x has embold5$ ,mr4 ,rutt] to ov]/ock 8 ,po/-,impressioni/ & ,futuri/ ,exhibition ) unimportant works by ?is di/+ui%$ ,impressioni/4 ,surely a c\ple ( examples w\ld h suffic$ to illu/rate ! late/1 & be/1 !ory ( /hetics4 ,= t is ! s]vice p]=m$ on ?is occasion by ! works ( ,piss>ro4 ,!y m>k t diff]5ce 9 purpose betwe5 ?ree s*ools1 an und]/&+ ( :i* w enable ! intellig5t /ud5t to pick 8 way across ! dep?s & %all[s ( contempor>y art4 ,! romantic arti/s ( ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury us$ =m & col\r to describe situations & comm5t on life4 ,!re are no examples ( _! "w 9 ?is exhibition2 b1 z we %all see1 ! ,futuri/s are unconsci\sly h>k+ back to _! !ories4 ,! ,impressioni/s1 9 rebellion1 us$ =m & col\r to regi/] _! visual impressions2 !y belong to ! age ( sci5ce & /ate facts )\t comm5t4 ,b e romantic or impressioni/ pa9t] :o happ5$ to be an arti/ also us$ =m & col\r z means ( express+ & provok+ pure /hetic emotion4 ,x 0 n 8 fault if he flew 9 ! face ( p>ty pr9ciples2 he 0 an arti/ & he c\ld n help x4 ,czanne 0 n only a v great arti/2 he 0 :at is almo/ z r>e1 a ?\ghtful "o4 ,s1 9 8 lat] p]iods1 he came to use =m & col\r solely z means ( express+ & provok+ ^? extraord9>y emotions t arise f ! contemplation ( real or imag9$ =m4 ,8 !ory qu>rels ) no vital s*ool ( art t has ev] exi/$4 ,he m]ely sift$ ! gra9 f ! *aff1 ! relevant f ! irrelevant4 ,! ,lake1 by ,czanne1 is !re=e ! mo/ important /hetic docum5t 9 ?is exhibition besides be+ ! be/ picture4 ,czanne set mod]n art on ! "r road4 ,! revolution>y doctr9e he bequea!d to ,po/-,impressionism is a tru? z old z ! ,neoli?ic ,age--! tru? t =ms & col\rs are ( !mselves significant4 ,! ,italian ,futuri/s are at ! opposite pole to ,po/-,impressioni/s because !y treat =m & col\r z vehicles = ! transmission ( facts & ideas4 ,polka & ,valse by ,sev]9i are1 9 int5tion1 z descriptive z ,! ,doctor by ,sir ,luke ,fildes2 only !y are meant to describe /ates ( m9d1 :]eas ,! ,doctor purports to describe a situation4 ,:e!r1 9 fact1 !y succe$ 9 describ+ any?+1 &1 if s1 :e!r :at !y describe is ( mu* consequ5ce1 are que/ions = ! psy*ologi/4 ,! critic ( art has only to note t ! =ms & col\rs are 9 !mselves insignificant & 9 _! relations commonplace2 !y are also ^? mu* affect$ ( late by ! m adv5tur\s /ud5ts at ! cole des ,beaux-,arts4 ,futurism is a negligible accid5t3 ! discov]ies ( ,czanne are safe 9 ! h&s ( ! ,fr5* ma/]s1 ) ^: names ! catalogue bri/les--,gaugu91 ,van ,gogh1 ,matisse1 ,picasso1 ,m>*&1 ,d]a91 ,m>quet1 ,friesz1 ,h]b91 l',hote4 ,unluckily1 ! big arti/s are1 = ! mo/ "p1 meagrely repres5t$ by r unimportant works1 ( :i*1 by ! way1 a good _m are already famili> to picture-go]s4 ,i ?9k ,i nev] met s _m old faces 9 a mod]n exhibition4 ,& ?\gh ,i %all nev] compla9 ( enc\nt]+ a ,matisse or a ,m>*&1 ?\gh x be = ! ?ird "t 9 eighte5 mon?s1 to be vex$ by "s m$iocre remnant f ! summ] exhibitions /rikes me z an unnecess>ily %>p tax on ! pati5ce4 ,i d n grumble at ! reappe>ance ( ,wyndham ,lewis's ,k]messe1 :i* has be5 alt]$ & greatly improv$ s9ce its la/ appe>ance at ! ,london ,salon4 ,lewis promises to become t r>e ?+1 a real academic arti/4 ,he is academic 9 ! good s5se ( ! ^w--t is to say1 he uses a =mula ( :i* he is ! ma/] & n ! slave4 ,he uses x z a means to va/ organizations ( =m1 design$1 ,i imag9e1 to h some?+ ( ! au/]e & impressive unity ( great ar*itecture4 ,he succe$s to a surpris+ degree4 ,! enemy t dogs him 9 all 8 works is an excessive ta/e = life4 ,he is incl9$ to modify 8 =ms 9 ! int]e/ ( drama & psy*ology1 to ! detrim5t ( pure design4 ,at times 8 simplifications & rhy?ms seem to be det]m9$ by a lit]>y r ?an a pla/ic conception4 ,probably ?is is n ! k9d ( criticism :i* by n[ ,wyndham ,lewis mu/ h le>nt to disreg>d4 ,he is m accu/om$1 ,i suspect1 to he>+ 8 "w call$ me*anical & lifeless1 &1 9 a s5se1 x is bo?4 ,t is ! price an arti/ mu/ pay :o sets himself to a*ieve ! end t ,lewis has 9 view4 ,he :o is work+ by =mula t[>ds ! realization ( a m9utely def9ite intellectual plan mu/ be will+1 on occasions1 to sacrifice ! really valuable qualities ( s5sibility & h&writ+ z well z ! adv5titi\s *>ms t spr+ f happy flukes4 ,besides1 ,i am n sure t ,lewis has be5 ble/ ) uncommon s5sibility4 ,! peculi> m]its ( ,k]messe w become obvi\s to any "o :o1 aft] contemplat+ t picture1 turns %>p r\nd & glances at ! big canvas by ,delaunay4 ,delaunay1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,rutt]1 is ! protagoni/ ( :at is kn[n 9 ,p>is z ,orfism2 8 picture1 ,! ,c>diff ,football ,team1 is :at us$ to be kn[n 9 ,p>is z trs arti/e4 ,x is well made1 b x is n made to we>4 ,x is n :at ,czanne w\ld h call$ quelque *ose de solide et de durable comme l'art des muses4 ,x is a bright]1 gay]1 m attractive ?+ ?an ,k]messe1 b 9 con/ruction x is less subtle & less solid3 by comp>ison1 x looks l a po/]1 & a po/]1 ,i believe1 is :at x is4 ,x w\ld be t$i\s to write at l5g? ab\t ! ,fr5* ma/]s1 consid]+ h[ mu* has be5 writt5 dur+ ! la/ twelve mon?s 9 praise or blame ( f9] & m *>act]i/ic examples ( _! art4 ,m pr(itably !y may be us$ z a peg on :i* to hang a %ort s]mon to _! ,engli% imitators4 ,among/ ^! ,i d n reckon ! pa9t]s ( ! ,camd5 ,t[n gr\p1 ( ^: "w !re is pl5ty 9 ?is exhibition4 ,walt] ,sick]t1 ! *ief ( t s*ool1 0 9 possession ( a /yle & a reputation :5 ,picasso 0 /ill mak+ figures on a slate4 ,sp5c] ,gore has tak5 f ! new movem5t j s mu* z 0 suit$ to 8 temp]am5t1 &1 )\t submitt+ 8 p]sonal gift to any =mula1 has add$ imm5sely to ! significance & *>m ( 8 "w4 ,! majority1 h[ev]1 rema9 ess5tially :at !y h always be5--reali/ic impressioni/s4 ,!y h be5 v consci5ti\sly twi/+ _! hurdy-gurdies :ile ,rome 0 a-burn+4 ,b1 z ?is exhibition %[s1 !re is a s*ool ( ,engli% ,po/-,impressioni/s4 ,x is n completely repres5t$ "h2 inde$1 ! gaps are z conspicu\s z !y are un=tunate4 ,"h we h only a het]og5e\s collection ( "y pa9t]s1 div]se 9 tal5t & temp]1 all ( :om h ?is 9 common1 t !y h swall[$1 m or less :ole1 ! =mulas :i* ,fr5* ma/]s inv5t$ & :i* ,fr5* ma/]s are n[ develop+ & modify+4 ,confront$ by ! elaborate surprises ( ^! rank-&-file m51 ! patriotic critic1 suppos+ su* an anomaly to exi/1 w h to admit t ,engli% pa9t+ rema9s :]e x has g5]ally be5--9 a by-/reet4 ,x is well to admit ?is 9 "t2 = ,i c almo/ he> ^? que] p :o c appreciate :at is vital 9 e age b _! own1 squeal+ triumphantly--,we told y s4 ,yes2 x is true4 ,engli% ,po/-,impressionism is becom+ academic3 b ,po/-,impressionism is n2 9 ,france ! movem5t is z vital z ev]4 ,too _m ( ! ,engli% ,po/-,impressioni/s are com+ to reg>d c]ta9 simplifications1 s*ematizations1 & tricks ( draw+1 n z means ( expression & creation1 b z ends 9 !mselves1 n z in/rum5ts1 b z p>ty fav\rs4 ,! ,fr5* ma/]s are be+ treat$ by _! ,engli% disciples z ,mi*ael ,angelo & ,titian 7 treat$ by ! m9or m5 ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,_! mann]isms are ! revolution>y's /ock-9-trade4 ,"o is con/antly confront$ at ! ,dor ,gall]y by a =m or a col\r t is do+ no /hetic "w at all2 x is too busy mak+ a pr(ession ( fai?2 x is %\t+1 ,i am advanc$--,i am advanc$4 ,i h no qu>rel ) advanc$ ideas or revolution>y propag&a2 ,i l !m v well 9 _! place1 :i* ,i conceive to be a tub 9 ! p>k4 ,b no man c be at once a prote/ant & an arti/4 ,! pa9t]'s job is to create significant =m1 & n to bo!r ab\t :e!r x w please p or %ock !m4 ,ugl9ess is j z irrelevant z prett9ess1 & ! pa9t] :o goes out ( 8 way to be ugly is be+ z in>ti/ic & silly z ! man :o makes 8 angels simp]4 ,t is :at is ! matt] ) ,hamilton's portrait 9 ! big room--to take an in/ance at r&om4 ,hamilton has pl5ty ( tal5t1 & ?is picture is well en\gh1 pleasant 9 col\r & ta/efully plann$2 b 8 tal5t w\ld be se5 to great] advantage if x did n /rut 9 borr[$ & inappropriate plumes4 ,! simplifications & di/ortion ( ! head p]=m1 s f> z ,i c see1 no /hetic function :atev]2 !y are n ess5tial to ! design1 & are at odds ) ! g5]al rhy?m ( ! picture4 ,_h ! pa9t] scribbl$ across 8 canvas1 ,to hell ) ev]y?+1 x seems to me he w\ld h done :at he want$ to d1 & done x bett]4 ,:at gives ev5 m9or ,fr5*m5 an advantage ov] ! ,engli% is arti/ic c\rage4 ,!y w be !mselves at all co/s1 ev5 at ! risk ( pleas+ old ladies f ! c\ntry1 or pass+ unnotic$4 ,assel9 goes f>!r ?an ,nev9son ) less ability4 ,yet ,nev9son be>s ! ,briton's burd5 m lightly ?an 8 fell[s2 probably because he is clev]] ?an mo/ ( !m4 ,he is clev] en\gh to pick up "s "o else's /yle ) fatal ease2 is he n clev] en\gh to diagnose ! malady & discov] a cure8 ,if ,i 7 old]1 ,i w\ld advise ,nev9son & ! m intellig5t ( ?is company to %ut !mselves up = six mon?s1 & pa9t pictures t no "o 0 ev] go+ to see4 ,!y might cat* !mselves do+ some?+ m p]sonal if less a/oni%+ ?an :at !y are %[+ at ! ,dor ,gall]ies4 ,arti/ic c\rage1 t is :at is want$--c\rage to create ! =ms t express oneself in/ead ( imitat+ ^? t express ! p = :om "o w\ld gladly be mi/ak54 ,,iii ,,an ,,exp5sive ,,ma/]piece ,sid5ote3 ,new ,/atesman ,july #aiad ,because we all "k /ories ( fir/-rate works ( art hav+ be5 (f]$ at ridicul\sly l[ prices to ,engli% gall]ies & museums & refus$ by !m on ! gr\nd t !re 0 no money ev5 = ! pur*ase ( :at 0 v good & v *eap1 we are surpris$ & ev5 excit$ :5 we he> t a big price 7"s say z mu* z #ejjj7 has be5 paid = a ,*9ese pott]y figure4 ,& ^? ( u :o h ! =tune to belong to ! privileg$1 & !re=e well-behav$1 sex hurry (f to see :at ,mr4 ,hobson describes 9 ! ,may numb] ( ! ,burl+ton ,magaz9e z a new ,*9ese ma/]piece 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,mr4 ,hobson is a s\nd ar*ologi/2 consequ5tly x is impossible to read 8 c>eful & admirably frank article )\t surmis+ t he himself feels "s qualms ( suspicion ab\t ! date1 if n ! beauty1 ( 8 treasure4 ,= u ! fir/ "q to be ask$ is3 ,is ?is a f9e "w ( art8 ,= ,mr4 ,hobson ,i suppose ! fir/ c>e 0 to decide :e!r or no ! ?+ 0 ,t'ang4 ,8 is ! s\nd1 ! sci5tific1 ! ar*ological me?od2 & ,i feel sure he foll[$ x because x is ! ar*ological me?od1 & because1 _h he foll[$ ! unsci5tific1 /hetic me?od1 & consid]$ fir/ ! /yle & arti/ic wor? ( ?is figure1 he w\ld h f\nd t 9 answ]+ our "q he _h answ]$ 8 own or made ! ask+ ( x sup]flu\s4 ,_h ,mr4 ,hobson be5 z s5sitive z he is s\nd1 we may be sure t he w\ld h se5 ?is s-call$ ,t'ang ,lohan 9 ,am]ica or f>!r be=e ev] he advis$ ! ,briti% ,museum to bid a %ill+ = x4 ,! new ,*9ese ma/]piece 9 ! ,briti% ,museum is a common1 pret5ti\s ?+1 & t1 if ,i mu/ play ! ar*ologi/1 is a fair reason = suspect+ t x is n ! product ( a great age--& ,t'ang art /ill seems great ev5 aft] we h se5 some?+ ( its great] pr$ecessors1 ,wei1 ,liang1 ,sui4 ,?is figure1 ?\gh l>g] ?an life-size1 is n[ise monum5tal2 on ! contr>y1 x is pat5tly a bibelot agr&i1 rem9d+ "o oddly 9 ?is respect ( ,b5v5uto ,cell9i's ,p]seus4 ,x is some?+ t has be5 conceiv$ on a small scale & c>ri$ out on a l>ge4 ,?is fact alone1 _h x be5 not$1 z x mu/ h be5 by any "o :o look$ at ! figure /hetically1 w\ld h sugge/$ t ?is 0 a product1 n ( ! ,t'ang dyna/y--an age ( monum5tal sculpture--b ( ! ,m+ dyna/y--! great age ( *oice *9ois]ies & ar*ai/ic exp]im5ts4 ,?is !ory--t ! figure is ,m+--te*nical evid5ce supports at lea/ z /rongly z x supports ! ,t'ang attribution4 ,te*nique ap>t1 arti/ic consid]ation makes x cle> t if ! "w is n ,t'ang x mu/ be z late z ,m+4 ,t ?is %\ld be s may at fir/ seem /range to ^? :o rememb] t ! ,t'ang dyna/y fl\ri%$ betwe5 ,a4,d4 #fah & #ijf1 & ! ,m+ betwe5 #acfh & #afdc4 ,yet1 9 fact1 x is f> easi] to confuse ,t'ang ) ,m+ ?an to confuse a "w ( ! int]m$iate ,sung p]iod 7#ifj-abgi7 ) ei!r4 ,! my/]y is n pr(\nd4 ,?r\gh\t ! ,t'ang & ,sung p]iods ,*9ese art 0 ?or\ghly alive2 bo? ,t'ang & ,sung are vital & orig9al /yles4 ,t'ang art expresses ! inspiration ( "o age1 ,sung ( ano!r2 ,sung foll[s & diff]s f ,t'ang z quattroc5to foll[s & diff]s f ,giottesque3 !y are diff]5t & *>act]i/ic modes ( a cont9u\s /ream ( inspiration4 ,b ! ,sung dyna/y & ! ,*9ese inspiration collaps$ )9 a hundr$ ye>s or less ( ea* o!r1 & = sugge/ion & direction ! ,m+ arti/s look$1 n s mu* into _! own he>ts z to ! pa/1 & especially to ! gold5 days ( ,t'ang4 ,hi/ory is deaf to ! doctr9e ( progressive evolution1 &1 if we w\ld und]/& ! hi/ory ( art1 we mu/ le>n to ?9k 9 /yles r ?an 9 ye>s2 also we mu/ become accu/om$ to remote d]ivations4 ,x is possible to conf\nd ,r5aissance "w ( ! sixte5? c5tury ) ,roman ( ! second2 x is impossible to confuse ei!r ) _! neighb\rs1 ,go?ic & ,byzant9e4 ,simil>ly1 x w\ld be intol]able to mi/ake ,m+ = ,sung1 b excusable to mi/ake x = ,t'ang1 & t1 ,i believe1 is j :at ,mr4 ,hobson has done4 ,b1 to be frank1 ,i c>e v little :5 or :]e ?is figure 0 made2 :at ,i c>e ab\t is its /hetic insignificance4 ,look at ! modell+ ( ! h&s3 !y are z ins5sitive & convictionless z lumps ( bread4 ,look at ! tight1 *eap realism ( ! head2 ! acc5ts viol5t )\t be+ impressive1 ! *oice ( relief common4 ,! *e/ is ! be/ "p ( ! ?+1 & t /rikes me z be+ traditional r ?an felt4 ,! view ( ! figure 9 pr(ile is less unsatisfactory ?an ! view f 9 front3 b look at ^? h&s6 ,if ?is ?+ impresses any "o1 x mu/ impress him by its dramatic & n by its pla/ic qualities2 & t is n ! way 9 :i* a f9e ,t'ang figure impresses u4 ,"h ! design is petty & ! =ms1 9 !mselves1 flaccid & poor2 b ! tight1 reali/ic face is made to gaze mo/ melodramatically into et]nity4 ,x is melodrama1 ,i fancy1 t has tak5 ! t[n by /orm4 ,comp>e ?is ov]gr[n knick-knack ) "s really f9e ,t'ang piece or1 bett] /ill1 ) "o ( ^? ,wei figures :i* ! ,museum _h lately ! *ance ( acquir+ at a v mod]ate price1 & y w feel ! diff]5ce betwe5 =m t impresses by %e] /hetic rightness & =m t rem9ds y ( ! late ,sir ,h5ry ,irv+4 ,) all its elaborate quietness1 ?is deep-contemplative ,lohan is j a piece ( rhetoric3 put x beside some?+ fir/-rate & y w "k :at to ?9k ( x z surely z y "k :at to ?9k ( ,i h spread its folds o'er ! dy+1 adrift 9 a hopeless sea2 ,i h hurl$ x swift on ! slav]1 & se5 ! slave set free1 :5 y put t beside ,he all _! ammunition ,& feats ( w> defeats ,) pla9 h]oic magnitude ( m9d4444 ,:y is x always 9 pur*ases ( ?is sort ! nation s9ks ! be/ "p ( its mis]able art fund8 ,well1 9 ?is case ,i ?9k x is possible to foll[ ! work+s ( (ficial ta/e4 ,(ficials "k z well z ! re/ ( u t ,t'ang art is well ?\ght (1 & t )\t "s important example ( x no ,ori5tal collection is deem$ complete4 ,b ,t'ang art1 z a rule1 is nei!r lit]>y nor pretty nor at all ! sort ( ?+ ! collect+ class c>es =4 ,:at ?is class really likes is ! art ( ! eighte5? c5tury & ! art ( ! high ,r5aissance4 ,miracul\sly comes to light an important figure labell$ ,t'ang yet ri* 9 ! de>1 famili> qualities ( ,r5aissance sculpture4 ,z usual1 ! (ficials h got x bo? ways4 ,surely ,provid5ce _h a h& 9 ?is1 unless x 0 ! deal]s4 ,,iv ,,m>*& ,sid5ote3 ,preface4 ,c>fax ,exhibition1 ,june #aiae ,( ! y\ng] ,fr5* arti/s ,m>*& seems to me ! mo/ int]e/+4 ,by ! y\ng] ,i mean ^? :o1 ?\gh !y desc5d f ,czanne1 h be5 influ5c$1 directly or indirectly1 by ,matisse or ,picasso or bo?4 ,^! =m a j di/+ui%able gr\p s&wi*$ betwe5 ! quasi-impressioni/s--,bonn>d1 ,mangu91 ,vuill>d--& ! ,cubi/s4 ,to be precise1 x is ( a batt]$ s&wi* t !y are ! core2 ! jam oozes ?r\gh on ei!r side4 ,x always does4 ,t is :y s*ol>s & hi/orians h a h>d "t ( x4 ,i d>e say ,m>*& w\ld d5y t he _h be5 influ5c$ by any "o2 = "s /range reason arti/s l to suppose t1 unlike all o!r liv+ ?+s1 !y are unaffect$ by _! environm5t4 ,! matt] is ( no consequ5ce1 b ) ! be/ w 9 ! _w ,i %\ld f9d x h>d to believe t ! ,femme c\*e devant un paysage 7,no4 #e7 w\ld h be5 j :at x is if ,gaugu9 _h nev] exi/$1 or t ! s*eme ( ! beautiful ,portrait de femme 7,no4 #d7 owes no?+ to ,picasso4 ,& isn't x pretty cle> t ,m>*& w\ld h pa9t$ 9 an altoge!r diff]5t /yle if ,czanne _h nev] exi/$8 ,believ+1 z ,i d1 9 ! influ5ce ( "o arti/ on ano!r1 ,i reg>d ?is exhibition z a piece ( r>e good =tune = ,briti% art4 ,m>*& is em95t 9 j ^? qualities t we mo/ lack4 ,above all ?+s he is a pa9t]4 ,i am curi\s to he> :at ,mr4 ,sick]t has got to say ab\t 8 pictures2 & ,i %all be disappo9t$ if !y d n wr+ f him :at us$ to be ! highe/ encomium on ! lips ( 8 old fri5d ,degas--,c'e/ de la pe9ture6 ,no liv+ pa9t] is m purely conc]n$ ) ! creation ( =m1 ) ! emotional significance ( %apes & col\rs1 ?an ,m>*&4 ,to him1 evid5tly1 ! function ( a pa9t] is to pa9t2 ! discussion ( su* int]e/+ matt]s z ,love1 ,life1 ,dea?1 & ,! gr& = ev]1 he leaves to ! lit]>y g5tlem54 ,he has no?+ to say ab\t ,man's place 9 ! ,univ]se1 or ev5 9 ,camd5 ,t[n2 x is 9 comb9ations ( l9es & col\rs t he deals1 &1 z y may see1 he has already produc$ "s ( extraord9>y subtlety & significance4 ,be=e su* a picture z ,no4 #g or ,no4 #ab ! mo/ invet]ate psy*ologi/1 %\ld he happ5 to possess a gra9 ( s5sibility1 mu/ be dumb2 unless he murmur respectfully ! "n ( ,*>d94 ,m>*& is nei!r a doctr9aire nor a timid ,cons]vative4 ,he is famili> ) ! "w ( ,czanne1 ,matisse1 ,picasso1 & ! :ole ,cubi/ s*ool2 & if by simplification1 di/ortion1 or :at m5 ( sci5ce w\ld call flat absurdity1 he c 9 any way improve 8 composition1 he does n hesitate to simplify1 di/ort1 or fly 9 ! face ( facts4 ,he wants to create significant =m1 & all means to t end he f9ds good4 ,b he is no doctr9aire4 ,he nev] di/orts or makes 8 pictures look que] on pr9ciple4 ,he c>es no?+ = be+ 9 ! fa%ion1 nei!r does he es*ew a novel ecc5tricity le/ ! nice/ p %\ld say t he is go+ a little too f>4 ,8 "w is uncompromis+ly s9c]e4 ,he nei!r prote/s aga9/ tradition nor respects x4 ,he is an arti/4 ,i %all n be surpris$ to he> t "s critics consid] ,m>*& dry & intellectual4 ,c]ta9ly he is n lyrical or *>m+4 ,no picture by him has ! ravi%+ lovel9ess ( a ,r5oir or ! delici\s h&l+ ( a ,duncan ,grant4 ,i suspect he pa9ts all 8 big ?+s 9 ! /udio4 ,he makes sket*es2 & ,i %all be glad to he> :at any "o compet5tly acqua9t$ ) ! draw+s ( ! old ma/]s has to say ab\t ,no4 #ci4 ,b :5 he gets to "w on 8 canvas ,i d n suppose he ?9ks ( any?+ beyond ! complete realization ( a def9ite & p]fectly elaborat$ s*eme4 ,!re are no happy accid5ts or lucky flukes 9 8 pa9t+4 ,x is z />k & solid z ! "w ( ,+res or ,mantegna4 ,"s p call t sort ( ?+ dry & intellectual2 o!rs call x ma/]ly4 ,if ,engli% amateurs take k9dly to ^! pictures !y w d !mselves great hon\r4 ,!y w prove t !y c di/+ui% betwe5 ! easy juxtaposition ( pretty pat*es ( col\r & ! pr(\nd & s5sitive rese>* ( a true col\ri/2 !y w prove t !y c di/+ui% betwe5 obvi\s relations & subtle h>monies2 !y w prove t !y c recognize t quality :i* is common to works ( art ( all s*ools & ages1 & t1 :5 !y see x1 !y l x4 ,& ^? unlucky p :o _c1 ev5 9 ! pres5ce ( a "w ( art1 =get = a mom5t all ab\t politics & philan?ropy1 may l to rememb] t ,m>*&1 too1 has be5 unlucky4 ,aft] great h>d%ips he _h j won 8 way to a position ( "s security :5 w> broke out4 ,he has lately be5 call$ up1 n1 ,i ?9k1 = active1 b = "s sort ( milit>y s]vice4 ,8 pay1 ,i believe1 is "o s\ a day1 & :at happ5s to ^? :o dep5d on him "o does n c>e to imag9e4 ,m>*& 0 born at ,p>is 9 #ahhc4 ,8 "w is n unkn[n 9 ,engl&4 ,f\r ( 8 pictures 7 %[n at ! ,grafton ,gall]ies 9 #aiab2 & n long ago ,i saw an exquisite little /ill life by him--,no4 #ab 9 ?is ,exhibition1 unless ,i mi/ake--at ! ,new ,engli% ,art ,club4 ,i wond] h[ x got !re4 ,v ,,! ,,mans>d ,,gall]y#bj ,sid5ote3 ,nov4 #aiag ,! collection ( mod]n pictures made by ,mr4 ,fry1 & %[n1 fir/ 9 ,birm+ham & !n at ! ,mans>d ,gall]y1 is ! mo/ important we h se5 9 ,london s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! w>--s9ce ! ,grosv5or ,h\se %[ 9 ! summ] ( #aiad1 to be exact4 ,t ! be/ exhibition we h se5 = s long %\ld be held 9 ! be/ gall]y is a bit ( good luck :i*1 9 ^! unlucky days1 seems extraord9>y2 b :at seems miracul\s almo/ is t ,messrs4 ,heal & ,sons seem positively to pref] good pictures to bad4 ,i w\ld1 !re=e1 advise any "o :o ?9ks my advice wor? hav+ to keep an eye on ! ,mans>d ,gall]y4 ,9 ?is exhibition ! be/ ( ! y\ng] ,engli% arti/s--,i am sorry !re is no?+ by ,/anley ,sp5s]1 ,wyndham ,lewis1 ,bomb]g or ,rob]ts--are confront$ by a h&ful ( _! ,fr5* contempor>ies4 ,!y are n confront$ by ! be/ ( !m3 ,mr4 ,fry has hung no?+ by ,matisse1 ,bonn>d or ,picasso1 = in/ance1 ?\gh1 _h he pleas$1 he c\ld h %[n a c\ple ( pictures by ! la/-nam$1 at any rate4 ,he *ose well1 ,i d>e say2 b x is m]e ju/ice to admit t ! only two ,fr5* arti/s fairly repres5t$ are ,m>*& & de ,vlam9ck4 ,= ! re/1 ! s+le picture by l',hote is a *>act]i/ic "w ( t engag+ b n v =midable pa9t]2 ! two small pictures by ,friesz1 good z !y are1 h>dly rank among 8 ma/]pieces2 !re is 9 ,london at lea/ "o o!r "w by ,gris1 & t1 to my ?9k+1 a bett]2 :ile ! ,d]a9 is by no means wor?y ( t em95t arti/4 ,i wi% we c\ld h be5 %[n ?ree or f\r capital works by ,d]a91 because !re is no man 9 ! mod]n movem5t m readily appreciat$ by p :o c>e = pa9t+1 b boggle at ! unfamili>4 ,i rememb] f9d+ myself once 9 ,kahnweil]'s %op on ! ,b\lev>ds ) an extremely intellig5t (ficial f ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 & ,i rememb] 8 admitt+ ) excell5t c&\r t1 ?\gh ! ,picassos /ill puzzl$ him1 he 0 a ?or\gh conv]t to ,d]a94 ,naturally3 h[ %\ld a man ( ta/e & erudition n appreciate ! exquisite s*ol>%ip ( an arti/ :o c use ! ma/]s ( pa9t+ z a v f9e man ( lett]s--,*>les ,lamb1 = in/ance--uses ! ma/]s ( lit]ature8 ,= ,d]a9 is "o :o has gone to ! root ( ! matt] & c rem9d y ( ! ,si5nese s*ool or h a joke ) ,p9turic*io by a subtl] me?od ?an quotation4 ,:5 su* a "o bases 8 art on ,czanne & ! d\ani] ,r\sseau1 treat+ !m q simply z ma/]s1 an intellig5t spectator is b\nd to unlock 8 mo/ f9i%$ prejudices & take ano!r look at !m4 ,m>*& & de ,vlam9ck dom9ate "o end ( ! gall]y4 ,!re are ?ree pictures by ea*1 !y are admirably hung1 & ! effect produc$ by ?is pool ( di/+ui%$ & beautifully ord]$ col\r is m>vell\s4 ,"o is br\ght to a /& by t indescribable s5se t has come to mo/ ( u on ent]+ = ! fir/ "t "s well-arrang$ room 9 an important cont95tal gall]y--a s5se ( be+ 9 ! pres5ce ( great art4 ,clos] exam9ation1 )\t de/roy+ ! unity ( effect1 proves ^! two m5 to be ab\t z diff]5t z two v good arti/s ( ! same s*ool & c\ntry c be4 ,on ,m>*& ,i said my say two ye>s ago :5 ,i wrote a preface = 8 %[ at ,c>fax3 he is pre-em95tly solid & ar*itectural1 & obvi\sly he is highly s5sitive--by :i* ,i mean t 8 reactions to :at he sees are int5se & peculi>4 ,b ^! reactions1 "o fancies1 he likes to take home1 m$itate1 criticize1 & r$uce f9ally to a rigor\sly def9ite conception4 ,& ?is conception he has ! p[] to translate into a beautifully logical & h>moni\s =m4 ,p[] he seems nev] to lack3 x w\ld be almo/ impossible to pa9t bett]4 ,i d n "k :i* ( ,m>*&'s ?ree pictures is ! be/2 b :i*ev] x be1 x is ! be/ picture 9 ! gall]y4 ,) de ,vlam9ck x is f a ^w to a bl[1 f a ?rill+ emotion to a f9i%$ picture4 ,if ,m>*& is l a m9or ,milton--! comp>ison is n "o to be press$--de ,vlam9ck is l ,keats4 ,he is ! mo/ lyrical ( ! y\ng] ,fr5*m52 ! fla% & sp>kle ( 8 pictures is ! wond]fully close expression ( a trembl+ly delight$ s5sibility4 ,yet !re is no?+ sket*y ab\t !m4 ,consid] 8 l&scape 7,no4 #fe71 & y w be a/oni%$ to f9d :at a solid1 self-support+ design ^! delicately grad$ tones & lightly bru%$ =ms compose4 ,only "o ,engli%man holds 8 own ) ! ,fr5* pa9t]s1 & he1 ( c\rse1 is ,duncan ,grant4 ,! *all5ge to ano!r v int]e/+ "y ,engli%man is1 h[ev]1 m m>k$ s9ce ! de ,vlam9ck ( :i* ,i h j spok5 has z its rival on ! wall1 at "r angles to x1 ,! ,mill 7,no4 #cb71 by ,m>k ,g]tl]4 ,! comp>ison made1 :at fir/ /rikes "o is t ! ,g]tl]1 = all its ass]tion ( /r5g? & its emphatic1 heavy acc5ts1 looks flimsy beside its lightly bru%$ & airy neighb\r4 ,b ,! ,mill is n ! piece by :i* ,g]tl] %\ld be judg$2 let u look r at 8 l>ge & elaborate ,sw+ ,boats4 ,i h se5 bett] ,g]tl]s ?an ?is2 ! insi/5t repetition ( n v int]e/+ =ms makes x come p]il\sly ne> :at ,mr4 ,fry calls 9 8 preface m]ely ornam5tal patt]n-mak+1 b x is a picture t enables "o to see pretty cle>ly ! /r5g? & weakness ( ?is rem>kable p]son4 ,) a great] arti/ic gift1 ,m>k ,g]tl]'s conviction & consci5ce w\ld suffice to make him a pa9t] ( ! fir/ magnitude4 ,un=tunately1 8 arti/ic gift1 "o incl9es to suppose1 is precisely t irr$ucible m9imum )\t :i* an arti/ _c exi/4 ,t is 8 weakness4 ,8 /r5g? is t he exploits t m9imum uncompromis+ly to its utmo/ possibility4 ,g]tl] is "o :o w nev] say an idle ^w 9 pa9t1 no matt] h[ *>m+ or int]e/+ or amus+ x might be4 ,9 8 pictures y w look 9 va9 = a s+le bru%-/roke t does n s]ve 8 s+le purpose2 he admits no adv5titi\s da9ties1 !re is no?+ to quote4 ,happy t\*es are n 9 8 way4 ,%\ld he f9d "s "p ( 8 picture empty he w n fill x ) nicely balanc+ daisies1 cl\ds1 or bric--brac2 he w beg9 x aga94 ,to him x w seem ei!r t he has fail$ to conceive 8 "w z a :ole or t he has fail$ to realize 8 conception4 ,simil>ly1 y w n easily discov] a fav\rite passage2 = if he felt t he _h succe$$ beyond expectation 9 "o passage1 t "s note 0 %>p] & tru] ?an ! re/1 he w\ld set himself to key ! re/ to t note4 ,9 art1 su* a process means incr$ible lab\r & agony2 ,g]tl] sweats blood & %[s x4 ,he lab\rs t]ribly1 & 8 pictures are t]ribly lab\r$4 ,he is n arti/ en\gh to pa9t z a bird s+s2 he pa9ts z a desp]ate soldi] might dig himself 94 ,:at he has to express is n1 x mu/ be confess$1 ( ! highe/ quality1 because 8 reactions are limit$ & r undi/+ui%$4 ,he has only two or ?ree notes1 & !y are nei!r ri* nor r>e4 ,= an arti/ he is unimag9ative1 & (t5 9 _! blank simplicity 8 conceptions are all b commonplace4 ,9 actual expression1 too1 ?\gh a fir/-rate craftsman :o pa9ts admirably1 he lacks s5sibility4 ,9 8 h&writ+--8 l9es & da%es1 smudges & cont\rs1 t is to say--!re is nei!r *>m nor temp]am5t4 ,8 col\rs d _! "w1 say+ :at !y h to say1 b are )\t beauty 9 !mselves or 9 _! relations4 ,!re is some?+ slightly depress+ 9 ! unlovely s9c]ity ( 8 execution t rem9ds me r ( ,fra ,b>tolomeo1 & 8 imag9ative limitations might be comp>$ ) ^? ( ,lesueur4 ,i am tak+ a high /&>d1 y p]ceive4 ,& any "o :o _c respond to ! conviction & consci5ce ) :i* he n only excludes :atev] is irrelevant or =tuit\s or false1 b does positively realize 8 conceptions is1 9 my judgm5t1 incapable ( appreciat+ visual art4 ,no art c\ld be m diff]5t f ! art ( ,g]tl] ?an t ( ,duncan ,grant4 ,= him x seems impossible to scrabble a l9e or wipe 8 bru% on a bit ( pap] )\t giv+ delight4 ,z ! say+ goes1 he is all ov] an arti/4 ,m5 end[$ ) ?is prodigi\s s5sibility1 facility1 & s5se ( beauty are n uncommon 9 ,engl&4 ,9 my "t !re h be5 f\r--,cond]1 ,/e]1 ,john1 & ,duncan ,grant4 ,! dang] is1 ( c\rse1 t !y w fall into a trick ( flick+ (f bits ( empty prett9ess to ! huge cont5tm5t ( a public t _c be> arti/s to develop or be s]i\s4 ,b ,duncan ,grant %[s no bad symptoms3 f 8 e>ly picture ,lemon ,ga!r]s 7,no4 #ce7 7ju/ly & almo/ univ]sally admir$ = its great beauty & delightful ref]5ces to ,pi]o della ,francesca7 to ! little /ill life 9 ! nor? corn] ( ! room1 !re is a va/ progression2 & b5ea? ^! gay & delici\s pa9t+s--s delici\s "o c\ld fancy !m good to eat--is a /ruggle ) ! problems ( design & space-composition z vital z any?+ "h to be f\nd1 unless x be 9 ! "w ( ,m>*&4 ,i notic$1 by ! way1 t 9 ,lemon ,ga!r]s1 a picture on c>dbo>d1 some?+ is go+ wrong ) ! col\rs1 & ( ?is ,i take r a s]i\s view z ! picture belongs to me4 ,duncan ,grant is ! hope ( patriotic amateurs3 bless$ ) adorable gifts & a p[]ful intellect1 he %\ld1 if he has ! /r5g? to realize 8 conceptions & ! c\rage to disda9 popul>ity1 become :at we h be5 await+ s long1 an ,engli% pa9t] 9 ! front rank ( ,european art4 ,( ! rema9+ ,briti% arti/s1 ! mo/ int]e/+1 to my m9d1 is ,vanessa ,bell4 ,! influ5ce ( ,duncan ,grant on h] "w is unmi/akable1 & ,i hope1 unlike mo/ arti/s1 :o seem to suppose t = !m ! laws ( cause & effect & ! influ5ce ( environm5t are inop]ative1 %e w n m9d my say+ s4 ,:y1 9 arti/s s orig9al z ,giotto1 ,el ,greco1 & ,czanne1 at lea/ #ej p] c5t is d]ivative6 ,vanessa ,bell1 l all arti/s1 & especially wom5 arti/s1 is impressionable1 b z ! effect on h] "w ( famili>ity ) "o or two ,engli% pa9t]s & ! mod]n ,fr5* ma/]s is altoge!r = ! good1 ,i see no h>m 9 t4 ,at ! same "t1 %e has v p]sonal gifts4 ,besides a l>ge simplicity ( /yle1 !re is ab\t h] draw+ some?+ oddly sympa!tic1 & :at ,i %\ld call1 = want ( a bett] ^w1 amus+2 :ile a s5se ( ! peculi> significance to h] ( c]ta9 =ms & relations ( =ms comes ?r\gh & gives to h] "w an air ( intimacy t y w get f no?+ else 9 ?is exhibition4 ,any woman :o c make h] "w c\nt 9 ! art ( h] age des]ves to be criticiz$ v s]i\sly4 ,9 lit]ature ! au?oress /&s firm on h] own feet2 only q un$ucat$ p--subalt]n-poets & "y ,lat9 philosoph]s--believe t wom5 _c write2 b x is a m]e truism to say t no woman-pa9t]1 pace ,madame ,vige-,lebrun1 has yet held h] own ) contempor>ies ev54 ,to-day !re are at lea/ ?ree--,m>ie ,laur5c91 ,gon*>ova1 & ,vanessa ,bell--^: claim to take rank among/ ! be/ ( _! g5]ation w h to be answ]$ v c>efully by ^? :o wi% to disall[ x4 ,beh9d !m press half a doz5 less =midable b /ill s]i\s c&idates1 & ,i wi% ,mr4 ,fry w\ld br+ toge!r a small collection ( _! works4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to see h[ & h[ mu* !y diff] f ! m52 &1 unless ,i mi/ake1 x w\ld effectively give ! lie to ^? :o fancifully conclude t because ! ,muses 7 wom5 x is = wom5 to inspire r ?an create4 ,,footnote3 #bj ,?is article 0 writt5 = ! ,nation1 b ow+ to a s]ies ( mis=tunes c\ld n be publi%$ until ! exhibition 0 ov]4 ,x !n seem$ be/ to res]ve x = ?is collection4 ,,contempor>y ,,art ,,9 ,,engl& ,sid5ote3 ,burl+ton ,magaz9e ,july #aiag ,only la/ summ]1 aft] go+ r\nd ! ,london gall]ies1 a =eign writ] on art ^: "n is z well kn[n 9 ,am]ica z on ! ,cont95t1 rem>k$ gloomily1 & 9 private ( c\rse1 t he q und]/ood :y ,briti% art 0 almo/ unkn[n outside ,great ,brita94 ,! e>ly "w ( ,engli%m51 he admitt$1 %[$ tal5t & *>m+ s5sibility (t51 b1 someh[ or o!r1 said he1 _! gifts fail to mature4 ,!y w n become arti/s1 !y pref] to rema9 ,briti% pa9t]s4 ,!y are hopelessly prov9cial1 he said2 & s !y are4 ,( our eld] liv+ arti/s--^?1 t is to say1 :o _h f\nd !mselves & develop$ a /yle be=e ! influ5ce ( ,czanne became p>am\nt on ! ,cont95t--,mr4 ,sick]t is probably ! only "o :om a cont95tal amateur w\ld dream ( collect+2 & he1 be x not$1 escap$ e>ly f ,briti% prov9cialism & plung$ into ! ma9 /ream ( ,european art4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! names ( ,mr4 ,/e]1 ,mr4 ,john1 ,mr4 ,orp5 & ,mr4 ,mc,evoy1 "h only less famili> ?an ^? ( ,cab9et ,m9i/]s or ,c\nty ,cricket]s1 abroad are z obscure4 ,mr4 ,/e]1 to be sure1 has 8 portrait 9 ! ,uffizi1 b !n1 z likely z n1 ! ,poet ,laureate has 8 bir?day ode 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale4 ,if ,mr4 ,/e] & ,sir ,edw>d ,poynt] are treat$ civilly abroad1 t may be because ,engl& is an important c\ntry r ?an because !y are important arti/s4 ,no wond] patriots are vex$ to f9d ,engli% art e/eem$ on ! ,cont95t & 9 ,am]ica bel[ ! art ( ,g]many or ,sc&9avia1 see+ t ,engli% arti/s seem to possess m native s5sibility ?an ei!r ,g]mans or ,sc&9avians &1 p]haps1 z mu* z ,russians4 ,yet x is a fact t _! "w1 by reason ( its invet]ate suburbanity1 s :olly lacks significance & s]i\sness t an imp>tial hi/orian1 :o c\ld n neglect ! m$iocre products ( ,nor? & ,ea/ ,europe1 w\ld probably dismiss ,engli% pa9t+ 9 a c\ple ( p>agraphs4 ,= x is n only poor2 x is prov9cial3 & prov9cial art1 z ! hi/orian well kn[s1 nev] really c\nts4 ,x w\ld be pleasant to fancy t ,engl& 0 work+ out1 9 isolation1 an int]e/+ & indep5d5t art2 b cle>ly %e is do+ no su* ?+4 ,!re is no live tradition1 no?+ b fa%ions z /ale z la/ week's newspap]4 ,all t is alive is a private s*oolboy rivalry1 an ambition to be cock ( ! walk or to ape ! cock1 to be primus int] p>es or amico di primus4 ,!re is no live ,engli% tradition2 & z ,engli% pa9t]s refuse ob/9ately to accept ! ,european1 & z arti/s d n spr+ up unacc\ntably z gr\ndsel & d&elions appe> to d1 ?is is a r s]i\s mis=tune4 ,art does n happ51 x gr[s--n necess>ily 9 ! "r direction4 ,! fact t ! developm5t ( art trac$ ?r\gh s*ools & movem5ts squ>es pretty well ) hi/orical fact proves conclusively ! exi/5ce ( influ5ces 9 art4 ,no "o w d5y t ,botticelli 0 an orig9al & extremely p]sonal arti/ or t he is ! obvi\s successor ( ,lippo ,lippi4 ,el ,greco is call$ by "s ! mo/ lonely figure 9 ! hi/ory ( art--yet x ne$s no wiz>d to div9e t ,titian 0 8 ma/] or t he 0 re>$ 9 ! ,byzant9e tradition4 ,arti/s1 ?\gh !y hate be+ told s1 are1 9 fact1 l o!r ?+s1 subject to ! law ( cause & effect4 ,"y arti/s1 especially1 are influ5c$ by _! surr\nd+s & by ! pa/1 p>ticul>ly ! imm$iate pa/1 by ! m5 f five to ?irty ye>s old] ?an !mselves4 ,art lives on tradition1 ( :i* contempor>y culture is no?+ b ! la/ developm5t4 ,b ,engli% arti/s1 = ! mo/ "p1 ignore ! real tradition1 & :at passes = developm5t "h is no m1 z a rule1 ?an a belat$ *ange ( fa%ion4 ,all t is vital 9 mod]n art is be+ influ5c$ by ! ,fr5* ma/]s--,czanne1 ,gaugu91 ,van ,gogh1 ,matisse1 ,r\sseau1 ,picasso1 ,bonn>d1 ,maillol1 :o1 9 _! turn1 7 influ5c$ by ! ,impressioni/s1 & :o all h be5 n\ri%$ by t great ,fr5* tradition :i*1 ( late1 has be5 s surpris+ly affect$ by ! influx ( ,ori5tal art4 ,engli% pa9t+1 h[ev]1 has be5 left high & dry2 & our y\ng] m5 ei!r imitate _! tea*]s1 too (t5 second-rate draw+ ma/]s1 enjoy+ at be/ a dull acqua9tance ) ! ,italian fifte5? & ,engli% eighte5? c5turies1 or1 9 revolt1 set up = !mselves z indep5d5t1 h$g][ g5iuses1 ignorant1 half-tra9$1 & swoll5 by _! prodigi\s conceit to su* mon/]s z va/ly a/oni% all ^? :o c rememb] !m z *ildr54 ,x is wor? not+1 p]haps1 t :5 m5 ( tal5t make great m5 ( !mselves1 wrapp+ up 9 ! cloak ( g5ius & front+ ! _w my/]i\sly1 & :5 ?is attitude is tol]at$ by ! public1 !re is reason to suspect t art f>es ill4 ,s9ce e ext5sion lectur] kn[s t ,raphael 0 "p ( a civilization great] ?an himself x seems unnecess>y to treat a fa%ionable portrait-pa9t] z ?\gh he 7 z inexplicable z an e>?quake & z remote z ! ,matt]horn4 ,"o ( ! ?+s to be desir$ 9 ,engl& is m respect = art & less rev]5ce = arti/s4 ,engli% lit]ature has a great tradition--! tradition ( ! greate/ lit]ature 9 ! _w4 ,i say t 9 ignorance1 to be sure1 ( ,*9ese1 b n unm9dful ( ,a!nian4 ,x w\ld be inexact to describe t tradition z "p ( ! ma9 cont95tal tradition :i*1 s9ce ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 has be5 pr$om9antly ,fr5*1 col\r$ 9 ! eighte5? c5tury by ,engli%1 9 ! e>ly n9ete5? by ,g]man1 & 9 ! tw5tie? by ,russian lit]ature4 ,yet ! ,engli% tradition1 ri* & spl5did z x is1 has nev] all[$ itself = long to lose t\* ) ! ,european curr5t4 ,! curi\s h only to turn f ! works ( our "y writ]s to ^? ( ,nietzs*e1 ,do/oievsky1 ,t*ekov1 ,mall>m1 ,rimbaud1 ,la=gue1 & ,claudel to appreciate ! s5sitiv5ess ( ,engli% lit]ature1 :i* has nev] fall5 into t insul>ity on :i* our lean visual art seems to pride itself4 ,at mom5ts--9 mid-,victorian days1 = in/ance--,engli% lit]ature may h appe>$ prov9cial2 x 0 nev] suburban4 ,! t5d5cy ( ,briti% visual art to s9k into a feeble b>b>ism seems to h exi/$ always & to h ass]t$ itself :5ev] we lo/ t\* ) ! c5tre4 ,! e>lie/ ,engli% art1 e>ly ,saxon sculpture1 is good2 x is a respectable "p ( t great ,byzant9e tradition :i* f ! middle ( ! eigh? to ! middle ( ! n9? c5tury appe>s to h be5 z vital 9 ! nor? ( ,engl& & 9 ,irel& z 9 any "p ( ,we/]n ,europe4 ,! ,normans kept ,engl& close to ! c5tre & left u a little sup]b ar*itecture2 b f ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury ,engli% visual art--ar*itecture1 pa9t+1 & sculpture--beg9s to take on t absurd air ( be+ out ( x :i* has s9ce become ! unfail+ *>act]i/ic ( an exhibition ( home-made arts & crafts4 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury we aga9 got into t\* ) ! movem5t & ! g5ius ( ,inigo ,jones & ,wr5 gave u "s admirable ar*itecture4 ,9 ! eighte5? we produc$ two pa9t]s ( note1 ,blake & ,crome1 bo? ( :om suff]$ desp]ately f _! deplorable surr\nd+s4 ,:at 0 int]e/+ 9 ,con/able & ,turn] 0 seiz$ & made use ( m quickly & f> m intellig5tly by ,fr5* ?an by native arti/s4 ,"h !y 7 treat$ z isolat$ g5iuses2 !re !y 7 absorb$ into ! tradition ( pa9t+4 ,a /ud5t ( contempor>y art :o f\nd himself 9 ! company ( pa9t]s & amateurs 9 any great c5tral city abroad--,p>is1 ,/ockholm1 ,cop5hag51 ,mosc[1 ,muni*1 ,vi5na1 ,g5eva1 ,milan1 or ,b>celona--w\ld be able to discuss1 & d\btless w\ld discuss1 ! contempor>y movem5t4 ,t movem5t1 z e "o outside ,engl& seems to "k1 radiates f ,france4 ,he w\ld discuss1 !re=e1 ! respective m]its ( ,matisse1 ,picasso1 ,m>quet1 ,m>*&1 ,friesz1 ,d]a91 ,bonn>d1 de ,vlam9ck1 ,maillol1 ,laprade1 ,segonzac1 ,delaunay1 etc4 etc42 & n only discuss & criticize _! works1 b ! direction 9 :i* ea* 0 mov+1 ! influ5ce ( "o on ano!r1 & ! influ5ce ( ,czanne1 ,gaugu91 ,van ,gogh1 or ! d\ani] ,r\sseau on all4 ,su* a company w\ld "k some?+ ab\t ! developm5t ( ! movem5t 9 o!r c\ntries2 x w\ld h some?+ to say ab\t ,k&9sky & ! ,muni* pa9t]s1 ab\t ,gon*>ova & ,l>ion(f1 ab\t ! ,b>celona s*ool1 & ev5 ab\t ! ,italian futuri/s4 ,9 a ^w1 x w\ld be able to talk ab\t contempor>y ,european pa9t+4 ,only 9 an ,engli% /udio w\ld su* conv]sation be h>d to come by3 !re "o might le>n t ,mr4 ,smi? 0 a great] g5ius ?an ,miss ,jones1 t ,mrs4 ,rob9son w\ld nev] f9i% h] picture 9 "t = ! ,new ,engli% ,exhibition1 t ,mr4 ,john 0 ! greate/ pa9t] 9 ! _w--?\gh ,mr4 ,innes _h once run him h>d--& t ! greate/ sculptor 0 "s "o ^: "n ,i _c recall4 ,( contempor>y ,fr5* pa9t+ at mo/ a p]functory ^w2 yet to ignore x is to put oneself beyond ! pale ( contempor>y culture4 ,& !re1 x seems1 is j :]e we mu/ look = ,engli% art2 9 ,european civilization x has no place4 ,x is out ( x2 x is suburban4 ,educat$ p1 enjoy+ "s k ( :at has be5 happ5+ abroad dur+ ! la/ fifty ye>s1 c sc>cely conceive ! ignorance & insul>ity ( contempor>y ,briti% pa9t]s4 ,x 0 only ! o!r day t "o ( ! be/ ( !m1 fir$ by ,mr4 ,rog] ,fry's article 9 ! ,burl+ton ,magaz9e1 walk$ into ! ,national ,gall]y & saw = ! fir/ "t a ,r5oir4 ,he 0 duly impress$2 & hurri$ (f1 ,i am glad to say1 to buy a book ( reproductions4 ,ano!r promis+ pa9t]1 :o 0 9 ,p>is j be=e ! w>1 n only nev] saw a ,czanne1 a ,gaugu91 a ,matisse or a ,picasso1 b 0 equally neglectful ( ! ,impressioni/ ma/]s1 nev] tak+ ! tr\ble to visit ! ,luxemb\rg & inspect ! ,caillebotte beque/4 ,imag9e a cont95tal man ( sci5ce :o 9 #ahhj _h nev] tak5 ! tr\ble to read ,! ,orig9 ( ,species or inve/igate ! !ory ( evolution6 ,! /ate ( m9d produc$ 9 mo/ ,engli% pa9t]s by ?is outl&i% ignorance is calamit\s4 ,unconsci\s ( :at is go+ on abroad1 dimly1 at be/1 aw>e ( :at has be5 done 9 ! pa/1 & lack+ effective1 well-in=m$ criticism f writ]s 9 ! newspap]s & f _! fell[-arti/s1 !y "w )\t /&>ds1 ideals or arti/ic s]i\sness1 & soon fall into t gha/ly complac5cy 9 :i* a man is cont5t to satisfy ! m>ket ) endless repetition ( "s popul> success4 ,mode/y is a virtue h>dly atta9able by ! prize /ud5t f ! ,slade or ! ,academy :o is p]suad$ t 9 a few ye>s he w be ! prize pa9t] ( ! _w1 & is1 9 a few ye>s1 by press & public duly confirm$ 9 8 delusion4 ,8 fir/ ambition w be to get a picture accept$ by ! ,royal ,academy or ! ,new ,engli% ,art ,club1 8 next to :e$le ! quidnuncs--i4e4 ! newspap] m5--into giv+ him a place among/ ! local wor?ies1 8 la/ to discov] a =mula t %all be ! /rong-box ( 8 lucky hit4 ,?is accompli%$1 commissions & p>agraphs beg9 to roll 9 ) com=table regul>ity1 & he re/s replete--a lead+ ,briti% arti/4 ,is he ev] plagu$ ) nightm>es1 ,i wond]1 9 :i* he dreams t outside ,engl& no compet5t amateur c\ld possibly take him s]i\sly8 ,"s ,briti% arti/s1 :5 !y 7 "y--& "s ( !m mu/ once h be5 s--are said to h /udi$ 9 ,p>is4 ,does x ev] occur to !m t _! prop] rivals1 ! m5 ^: rivalry is /imulat+ & n m]ely disquiet+1 are n to be f\nd 9 ,london8 ,& does x occur to !m t1 in/ead ( hunt+ = tips 9 ,bond ,/reet & ,burl+ton ,h\se !y might g = lessons to ! ,national ,gall]y & ,s\? ,k5s+ton8 ,:atev] p may ?9k ( ! art ( ,h5ri ,matisse1 8 fame is beyond cavil4 ,j be=e ! w> commissions & entreaties 7 p\r+ 9 on him1 n f ,france only1 b f ,russia1 ,g]many1 ,sc&9avia1 & ,am]ica4 ,he _h--he has1 = t matt]--:at no ,engli% pa9t]1 ) ! possible exception ( ,con/able1 ev] _h--a ,european reputation4 ,yet 9 ! spr+ ( #aiad1 look+ ) a fri5d at a picture by ,*>d91 he is said to h rem>k$ t if he c\ld believe t "o day he w\ld pa9t z good a ?+ z t he w\ld be extremely happy4 ,if "o ( our fam\s portrait-pa9t]s w\ld g = once to ! ,national ,gall]y & /&1 n be=e a great ma/]1 b be=e a ,philippe de ,*ampaigne or a ,viv>9i1 ,i wond] :at he w\ld say4 ,x is h>d to conjecture2 = our portrait-pa9t]s live 9 a _w :i*1 ?\gh n ins5sitive to prett9ess1 & impress$ by obvi\s manife/ations ( ability1 c>es no?+ = art or good pa9t+4 ,9 su* a _w an arti/--:o is1 aft] all1 little bett] ?an a human be+--c h>dly be expect$ to develop 8 critical faculty4 ,if "s ( our gift$ m5 7 to take _! tal5ts to ,p>is1 :]e is a press & public t kn[s h[ to be s]i\s ab\t art1 !y w\ld1 "o fancies1 beg9 to feel dissatisfi$ ) _! facile triumphs & appetiz+ confections4 ,!y w\ld feel1 too1 t !y 7 surr\nd$ by p :o c\ld recognize & appreciate conviction & sci5ce ev5 ?\gh ^! 7 pres5t$ 9 =ms too recondite = ! mob4 ,!y w\ld f9d t 9 ,p>is a pa9t] c h praise en\gh )\t /oop+ = ! applause ( ,mayfair4 ,x is significant t1 :]eas ,engli% pa9t]s once !y h f\nd a /yle t hits ! public ta/e1 are n mu* incl9$ to *ange x1 9 ,p>is su* an arti/ z ,picasso1 :o has tak5 ! fancy ( amateurs & deal]s 9 at lea/ ?ree diff]5t mann]s1 goes on f exp]im5t to exp]im5t1 leav+ ! public to foll[ z be/ x c4 ,b ?is diff]5ce betwe5 ! atmosph]e ( ,london & ( ,p>is br+s up a "q t _h be/ be /at$ at once4 ,:at are ! causes ( ,briti% prov9cialism8 ,?\gh its exi/5ce is a fact t runs "r ?r\gh ! hi/ory ( ,briti% art1 x w\ld be ra% to assume t ! causes h always be5 ! same4 ,= in/ance1 ! geographical isolation ( ,engl& may at "o "t h be5 a cause2 t has be5 remov$ by railways & /eamboats4 ,x w be s5sible to speak 9 ?is article only ( pres5t causes ( pres5t ills4 ,"s p w h x t ! insignificance ( ,engli% art is v simply to be expla9$ by a complete abs5ce ( native tal5t2 b ! m]e inspection ( ,engli% *ildr5's & /ud5ts' "w suffices to dispose ( ?is too conv5i5t hypo!sis4 ,9 no c\ntry1 p]haps1 except ,france1 is !re m ( t raw mat]ial f :i* good art is made4 ,m plausible is ! !ory t ! va/ & t[]+ greatness ( ,engli% lit]ature ov]hangs & />ves all o!r =ms ( expression4 ,9 su* a l& z ?is x seems natural t any s5se ( art or p[] ( creation %\ld drift t[>ds lit]ature1 & almo/ inevitable t ! pa9t]s !mselves %\ld be half poets at he>t1 h>dly conv9c$ ( ! intr9sic value ( _! own m$ium1 t5d+ ev] to sub/itute lit]>y = pla/ic significance4 ,e critic is on ! wat* = a lit]>y symbol & ! *ance ( an allegorical int]pretation1 e cultivat$ amateur is eag] to spy out an adroitly plac$ anecdote or %aft ( pictorial satire2 only ) great pa9s is any "o induc$ to reg>d a picture z an indep5d5t creation ( =m4 ,9 s lit]>y a society x seems p>adoxical almo/ to believe 9 pure pa9t+2 &1 9 despair1 we cry out t no c\ntry c be expect$ to excel1 at "o "t1 9 two arts4 ,we =get ,a!ns & ,tuscany2 we also =get ,france4 ,= m ?an two hundr$ ye>s ,france has l$ ! visual art ( ,europe2 & if ,engli% pa9t+ 7 ev] to become "o-t5? "p z good z ,fr5* lit]ature ,i1 = my "p1 %\ld be z pleas$ z surpris$4 ,( music ,i say no?+2 yet 9 t art too ,france 0 beg9n+1 j be=e ! w>1 to *all5ge1 n v =midably p]haps1 ! pre-em95ce ( ,g]many & to /& z ! fair rival ( ,russia4 ,:at hamp]s ,engli% arti/s mo/ is1 unless ,i mi/ake1 ! atmosph]e 9 :i* !y "w4 ,9 ,france--9 ,g]many too1 !y say--!re is a fairly l>ge1 au?oritative1 & int5sely s]i\s public compos$ ( arti/s1 critics1 & compet5t amateurs4 ,?is public kn[s s well :at x is ab\t t no pa9t]1 be he nev] s gr&ly indep5d5t1 c make himself imp]vi\s to its judgm5ts4 ,x is an un(ficial areopagus :i* imposes its decisions1 un9t5tionally b none ! less effectively1 on ! ri* float+ snobisme ( ,p>is & ( cont95tal ,europe4 ,^? :o g to ! ,salon = _! art or inve/ 9 ,h5n]s & ,b\g]eaus are reckon$ hopelessly b\rgeois ev5 by ! cultivat$ pressm54 ,x is a fa/idi\s public1 intellig5t1 le>n$1 & extremely sev]e3 pa9t+ x reg>ds z an end 9 itself1 n z a bran* ( j\rnalism or a sup]ior am5ity2 & no arti/ c beg9 to abuse 8 tal5t or play tricks ) ! curr5cy )\t gett+ f ?is =midable body ! sort ( fr[n t makes ev5 a successful portrait-pa9t] w9ce4 ,inde$1 _m popul> cont95tal lik5ess-cat*]s1 "s ( :om enjoy ! highe/ hon\rs 9 ?is c\ntry1 hav+ come "u its ban1 are n[ rul$ out ( contempor>y civilization4#ba ,9 ,engl&1 on ! o!r h&1 ! arti/'s public consi/s ( t fr+e ( ! fa%ionable _w :i* dabbles 9 culture & c af=d to pay long prices2 f x ! press obsequi\sly takes ! cue2 & any hone/ burgh] :o may wi% to int]e/ himself 9 ! f9e arts goes1 ,i presume1 = in/ruction to ! place f :i* in/ruction comes--,i mean ! ha'p5ny pap]s4 ,patronage ( ! arts 9 ,engl& is an exp5sive pleasure4 ,9 ,france ! prices ( ! mo/ promis+ "y m5 range f "o hundr$ to "o ?\s& francs1 & _m an amateur ) a fir/-rate collection ( mod]n "w has nev] paid m ?an five hundr$ francs = a picture4 ,! ,engli%man :o w\ld possess ! works ( native g5iuses mu/ be able to put d[n f #ej to #bjjj4 ,?us x comes ab\t t a few ( ! ri*] p 9 ! m or less cultivat$ class =m 9 ,engl& ! arti/'s public4 ,to !m he mu/ look = criticism1 sympa?y1 und]/&+1 & ord]s2 & mo/ ( !m1 unluckily1 h no use ei!r = art or = good pa9t+4 ,:at !y want is furniture & a backgr\nd--pretty ?+s = ! b\doir1 h&some ones = ! hall1 & some?+ jolly = ! smok+-room4 ,!y want1 n art1 b am5ity2 :e!r !y get x is ano!r matt]4 ,:at is c]ta9 is t _! en?usiasms & disappo9tm5ts1 likes & dislikes1 fancies & prejudices1 h no?+ :atev] to d ) art4 ,beh9d ! patrons & _! decorators !re is1 ( c\rse1 t odd little _w sometimes call$ ,bohemia1 ab\t :i* v little ne$ be said4 ,e ma/]1 be he academician1 ,new ,engli%]1 or comic illu/rator1 is foll[$ by a tail ( lads & lasses ^: bus9ess x is to s+ ! great man's praises & keep up1 9 ! face ( di%e>t5+ indiff]5ce1 ! pa!tic tradition ( ,briti% immorality4 ,!y give tips to ! critics sometimes1 b no "o else m>ks !m4 ,su* be+ ! public1 n unnaturally ! m s]i\s & indep5d5t pa9t]s endeav\r to set up small cot]ies ( _! own z f> f ,mayfair & ! ,*elsea embankm5t z possible4 ,?us arose ! ,camd5 ,t[n gr\p "u ,mr4 ,sick]t1 ?us arose ! ,friday ,club & ! ,london gr\p4 ,& "h we may pause 9 our mis]able & comm9atory progress to admit gladly t 9 su* societies are to be f\nd pl5ty ( tal5t & ( :at is mu* r>]1 s9c]ity4 ,"h are m5 :o take art s]i\sly2 "h are m5 :o h no prospective sitt]1 no ri* patron1 no t]rible draw+-ma/] 9 m9d2 "h are m5 to :om pa9t+ is ! mo/ important ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,un=tunately1 9 _! isolation !y are apt1 l ! re/1 to come on ! p>i%4 ,!irs is no vulg> prov9cialism2 b 9 its lack ( receptivity1 its too will+ alo(ness f =eign influ5ces1 its t5d5cy to conc5trate on a m$iocre & r middle-class ideal ( hone/y1 x is1 ,i suspect1 typically ,briti%4 ,!re is no?+ ,t5nysonian ab\t ^! m51 no?+ ,kipl+esque2 _! art is nei!r m]etrici\s nor conceit$2 b x rem9ds "o oddly ( p]p5dicul> ar*itecture4 ,^! are ! m5 t might pr(it by good criticism1 = !y are intellig5t & fair-m9d$4 ,alas6 ,engli% criticism is m woefully out ( x ?an pa9t+ ev54 ,! ignorance ( our critics is appall+4#bb ,sev5 ye>s ago !re 0 br\ght ov] to ,london a collection ( pictures by ,czanne1 ,gaugu91 & ,van ,gogh4 ,e man & woman on ! ,cont95t :o claim$ acqua9tance ) mod]n art _h already come to "s conclusion ab\t ^! pa9t]s ^: works 7 9 ! public collections ( ,g]many & ! ,nor? & 9 ! private collections ( directors ( ,fr5* gall]ies4 ,"s ?\ght t !y took rank among/ ! v great pa9t]s ( ! _w2 o!rs t !re 0 a g5]al disposition to ov]rate !m2 no "o d5i$ t !y 7 consid]able m5 or t ,czanne 0 a ma/]4 ,9 ,london no "o _h he>d ( !m1 s x 0 decid$ out ( h& t !y 7 immoral ali5s fit only to be ?r[n on ! ne>e/ bonfire4 ,czanne 0 a but*]1 ,gaugu9 a f>ceur1 ,van ,gogh a p>ticul>ly disagreeable lunatic3 t is :at ! critics said1 & ! public said ,hee-haw4 ,!y rem9d$ "o ( a pack ( ,victorian curates to :om ! !ory ( natural selection _h be5 too sudd5ly brok54 ,two ye>s lat] ,rog] ,fry & ,i collect$ & arrang$ at ! ,grafton ,gall]ies an exhibition ( contempor>y ,fr5* art--,matisse1 ,picasso1 ,maillol1 etc4 ,e "o abroad _h recogniz$ ^! m5 z int]e/+ arti/s ( v>y+ m]it2 no "o d\bt$ t ! movem5t !y repres5t$ 0 significant & ( promise4 ,only ! ,engli% critics _h le>nt no?+4 ,!y nev] d2 !y only tea*4 ,"h 0 some?+ go+ on "u _! noses t might well turn out to be z important z ! e>ly fifte5?-c5tury movem5t 9 ,tuscany1 & !y w5t on direct+ ! att5tion ( _! pupils to ! "w ( ,alfr$ ,/ev5s4 ,"h 0 ! art ( ! ,ea/--( ,*9a1 ,p]sia1 & ,turke/an--be+ reveal$ to u by ,european s*ol>s1 & !y w5t on mess+ ab\t ) ,engli% *oir-/alls & sanctu>y-r+s4 ,our critics & tea*]s provid$1 & cont9ue to provide1 an arti/ic education comp>able ) ! hi/orical education provid$ by our bo>d-s*ools4 ,p :o h be5 br\ght up to believe t ! hi/ory ( ,engl& is ! hi/ory ( ,europe--t x is a tale ( unbrok5 victory1 lead]%ip1 & p[]--feel1 :5 !y he> ( ! asc5dancy ( ,france or ( ! ,h\se ( ,au/ria or ( ! comp>ative insignificance ( ,engl& till ! dawn ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 angry fir/ & !n incr$ul\s4 ,s !y give !mselves ! lea/ possible *ance ( he>+ su* unpalatable nons5se by liv+ snugly 9 ! slums & suburbs1 :]e1 p]suad$ t !y h no?+ to le>n f damn$ =eign]s1 !y cont9ue to ent]ta9 ea* o!r ) scraps ( local & p]sonal gossip4 ,t is :at our art criticism s\nds l to cultivat$ p f abroad4 ,a few mon?s ago an extraord9>ily f9e ,r5oir1 a recogniz$ ma/]piece ( mod]n art1 0 hung 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,any "y pa9t] :o may h se5 & pr(it$ by x ne$ n ?ank ^? directors ( public ta/e1 ! critics4 ,x 0 pass$ by 9 sil5ce or ) a nod by ! bulk ( our paid exp]ts1 :o 7 mu* m pleas$ by a p>ticul>ly poor b v l>ge ,puvis1 :i* possibly rem9d$ !m 9 "s obscure way ( a pre-,raphaelite picture4#bc ,b :5 !re 0 "q ( sell+ a block ( unimportant wat]-col\rs by our national ,turn] & buy+ ) ! proce$s two or ?ree great ma/]pieces ( ,italian art ! hubbub ( ^! patriot-geese rose = a mom5t above ! noise ( battle4 ,su* is ! atmosph]e 9 :i* "y ,briti% arti/s are expect$ to mature4 ,"o wond]s :at is go+ to happ5 to !m--^! "y or y\ngi% ,engli%m5 ( tal5t4 ,!re are at lea/ half a doz5 on :om a disc]n+ critic w\ld keep a hopeful eye--,mr4 ,duncan ,grant1 ,mr4 ,lewis1 ,mr4 ,/anley ,sp5s]1 ,mr4 ,g]tl]1 ,mr4 ,rob]ts1 ,mr4 ,bomb]g1 ,mrs4 ,bell1 & ,mr4 ,ep/e9--= x w\ld be absurd to omit f ?is li/ an arti/ possess$ ( su* skill1 s*ol>%ip1 & surpris+ p[]s ( improvisation & developm5t z ! la/-nam$4 ,( ^! "s already h be5 t\*$ by t brea? ( life :i*1 bl[+ f ,p>is1 has revolutioniz$ pa9t+ )\t mu* discompos+ ! placid %all[s ( ,briti% culture4 ,/&+ 9 ! broad light ( ,european art1 ^! c h>dly detect t sacr$ tap] :i* ! ,new ,engli% ,art ,club is said to %ield f ! reaction>y puff+s ( ! ,royal ,academy4 ,&1 al?\gh x is a dang]\s ?+ 9 ! suburbs to ignore nice po9ts ( prec$5ce & v5]able feuds1 su* magnanimity makes = progress4 ,mr4 ,grant1 ,mr4 ,lewis1 ,mr4 ,ep/e91 & ,mrs4 ,bell1 at any rate1 are all cut by ,toot+1 = !y h se5 ! sun rise & w>m$ !mselves 9 its rays2 x is p>ticul>ly to be regrett$1 !re=e1 t ,mr4 ,lewis %\ld h l5t 8 great p[]s to ! canaliz+ 7= ! old metaphor 0 ! bett]7 ( ! new _s 9 a little backwat] call$ ,engli% vorticism1 :i* already gives signs ( becom+ z insipid z any o!r puddle ( prov9cialism4 ,c no "o p]suade him to be w>n$ by ! fate ( ,mr4 ,eric ,gill1 :o1 "s t5 ye>s ago1 "u ! influ5ce presumably ( ,malliol1 gave arre/+ expression to 8 v g5u9e feel+s1 until1 ridd5 by ^? tw9 hags insul>ity & wilful ignorance1 he drift$ along ! l9e ( lea/ resi/ance &1 by an e>ne/ /udy ( ,engli% ecclesia/ical ornam5t1 r$uc$ 8 art to some?+ a little l[] ?an ,engli% alaba/]s8 ,! dang] is !re always2 & unless our able "y m5 make a gr& /ruggle1 !y too w f9d !mselves suck$ into ! backwat]1 impot5t1 insignificant1 & prosp]\s4 ,x is n treasonable1 ,i ?9k1 to hope t ! w> w "s day be ov]4 ,& let no "o imag9e t :5 ! w> is ov] x w be f\nd t ! new movem5t 9 ,france is dead or dy+4 ,9 little p]iodicals1 photographs1 bro*ures1 lett]s1 & /ray works t f "t to "t cross ! ,*annel !re is pl5ty ( evid5ce t x is z vital z ev]4 ,ev5 a ,european w> _c kill a ?+ ( t sort4 ,! "q is :e!r1 aft] ! w>1 "y ,engli% arti/s w realize t !y too1 by reason ( _! vocation1 ( ! tru? t is 9 !m1 belong to a communion wid] & f> m significant ?an ! conv5ticle to :i* !y 7 br$4 ,engl&1 we he>1 is to wake up aft] ! w> & take h] place 9 a league ( nations4 ,may we hope t "y ,engli% arti/s w v5ture to take !irs 9 an int]national league ( y\?8 ,t league exi/$ be=e ! w>2 b ,engli% pa9t]s appe> to h pref]r$ be+ pigmies among/ cranes to be+ arti/s among/ arti/s4 ,aurons-n\s *ang t\t a8 ,qui vivra v]ra4 ,! league exi/s2 its p]man5t headqu>t]s are 9 ,p>is2 & f ,london to ,p>is is two hundr$ & fifty miles--a j\rney ( sev5 & a half h\rs 9 times ( peace4 ,,footnotes3 #ba ,s9ce ^! words 7 writt5 ! ,briti% ,press1 or ! ,gov]nm5t maybe1 has _h ! bright idea ( int]n+ "o ( !m4 ,to be sure he 0 a v bad pa9t]2 b ! puni%m5t seems r sev]e = an (f5ce :i* usually incurs no?+ worse ?an a knigh?ood4 #bb ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 exceptions4 ,! critics ( ! ,times1 ! ,we/m9/] ,gazette1 & ! ,ev5+ ,/&>d1 = in/ance1 are nei!r ignorant nor /upid2 b !y are all1 "o fancies1 hamp]$ by n]v\s & ill-educat$ editors4 #bc ,i h ref]r$ already to ,mr4 ,rog] ,fry's article 9 ! ,burl+ton ,magaz9e1 & w\ld draw att5tion also to 8 article 9 ! ,nation4 ,,art ,,& ,,w>#bd ,an acqua9tance ( m9e1 a ,fr5* arti/1 :o us$ to live 9 ,engl& & pa9t pictures = :i* ,i c>e no?+ b on :i* ! cultur$ dote1 />t$ e>ly 9 ,augu/ to jo9 8 regim5t1 leav+ beh9d him 8 wife & five *ildr54 ,s mis]able 0 ! prospect be=e ^! t a b5evol5t lady wrote to su* ( h] ri* fri5ds z happ5$ to be amateurs ( pa9t+ pray+ !m to buy a picture or two & s help ! family ( _! un=tunate fav\rite4 ,"o & all refus$1 sev]ely giv+ ! lady to und]/& t ?is 0 no "t to ?9k ab\t art4 ,( *>ity !y said no?+2 b !y 7 g5]\s1 ,i d>e say1 9 "s m patriotic & conspicu\s fa%ion4 ,*>ity1 h[ev]1 is beside my po9t4 ,:at int]e/s me 9 ?is little /ory is ! unanimity ) :i* ! cultivat$ p agree t ?is is no "t = art4 ,x int]e/s me because ,i h lately be5 tak5 to task = say+ t ! cultur$ reg>d art z no m ?an an elegant am5ity4 ,! w> has put my op9ion to ! pro( & ,i am %ock$ to discov] h[ mu* ,i 0 9 ! "r4 ,f e qu>t] comes ! same cry--,?is is no "t = art6 ,^? gall]ies & exhibitions :i* are n clos$ are visit$ *iefly by homeless refugees2 if lit]>y ta/e goes beyond ! newspap]s x is only to salute ! v]se ( ,mr4 ,begbie & ! prose ( ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells2 ev5 at conc]ts our e>s are exasp]at$ by national platitudes & ! banalities ( our ,allies4 ,?is is no "t = art4 ,good ta/e is unpatriotic2 ! man :o cont9ues to c>e = pa9t+1 poetry1 or music is little bett] ?an a ,hun4 ,t p :o 9 times ( peace treat art z an am5ity %\ld feel t ?is is no "t = art is1 ,i suppose1 natural4 ,t !y %\ld expect ^? :o feel t art is ! mo/ important ?+ 9 ! _w to d ! same seems to me unreasonable4 ,to ^? :o c>e s]i\sly = art1 to ^? = :om x is a con/ant s\rce ( passionate emotion1 ! notion t ?is is no "t = art seems z ludicr\s z to a ,*ri/ian my/ic ( ! n9? c5tury w\ld h seem$ ! notion t t tortur$ age 0 no "t = religi\s ec/asy4 ,p :o are capable ( ec/asy1 be x religi\s or /hetic1 are apt to di/+ui% betwe5 ends & means4 ,!y "k t empires & dom9ations1 political sy/ems & mat]ial prosp]ity & life itself are valuable only z means to ^? /ates ( m9d :i* alone are good z ends4 ,?us x comes ab\t t ! ?+s :i* to ! majority are ( prim>y importance1 because to ! majority !y seem to be ends1 are to a h&ful ( my/ics & arti/s ( second>y importance because to !m !y are no m ?an means4 ,!y _c =get ab\t art & ?9k exclusively ab\t w>1 because if !y =got ab\t art ! _w & its ways w\ld seem unwor?y ( ?\ght4 ,public activities & op]ations !y feel are ( consequ5ce only 9 s f> z !y affect ! ?+s t matt]--! raptures ( art & religion1 t is to say1 & ab/ract ?\ght & p]sonal relations4 ,x is n reasonable to expect u to turn our backs on absolute good & consid] exclusively :at may be a means to good4 ,besides1 we c\ld n d s if we w\ld4 ,! arti/ mu/ ?9k m ab\t art1 ! philosoph] m ab\t tru?1 ! my/ic m ab\t ,god1 ! /hete m ab\t beauty1 & ! lov]1 !y tell me1 m ab\t ! belov$1 ?an ab\t any?+ else4 ,! fact is1 we are n practical p2 we _c adju/ ourselves to circum/ances1 s we mu/ be cont5t to appe> imprud5t & unpatriotic4 ,we are n ma/]s ( our fate2 n only h we got hold ( :at we believe to be ! greate/ ?+ 9 ! _w1 ! greate/ ?+ 9 ! _w has got hold ( u4 ,a crisis has divid$ ! %eep f ! goats--,i c>e n on :i* h& ,i am m>%all$--& n[ we "k :o are ! p t love art because !y mu/ & :o love x because !y ?9k !y ought to4 ,i am mak+ no moral judgm5t2 ,i am po9t+ out m]ely t ^? :o say ,?is is no "t to ?9k ab\t art admit t = !m ?9k+ or n ?9k+ ab\t art is a matt] ( *oice4 ,i h always suppos$ t x 0 p]fectly well ) "o :o _h lo/ himself 9 an ec/asy ( creation or contemplation4 ,h[ c he be bett] (f :o has already atta9$ beatitude8 ,to invite su* a "o to rel9qui% ! be/ & be/ir himself ab\t :at may be a means to good seems to me absurd4 ,t has always be5 my op9ion & ,i _c conceive ! circum/ances t w\ld compel me to *ange x4 ,^? :o reject x1 ^? :o d5y t c]ta9 /ates ( m9d1 among/ :i* is ! /ate ( /hetic contemplation1 are alone good z ends1 w f9d !mselves 9 an intellectual position :i* appe>s to me unt5able3 ,i %all n qu>rel ) !m1 h[ev]1 s long z !y leave u alone & refra9 f cant4 ,accord+ to !m !re are bett] ?+s ?an ,beauty or ,tru? or ! contemplation ( ei!r4 ,i simply disagree3 x is only :5 ,i cat* !m wr++ _! h&s ov] ! ru9s ( ,reims t ,i prote/4 ,take n ! "n ( art 9 va93 at lea/ be a%am$ to use x = political purposes4 ,any /ick may be good en\gh to beat ,g]mans )4 ,beat !m if y c3 ,i %all h no te>s = !m & _! /rong milit>y gov]nm5t4 ,x is n p l me :o w weep = ,prussia4 ,b1 ?\gh any /ick may be good en\gh1 "s are too good4 ,besides1 h[ev] mu* we love ,france & ! ,fr5*1 let u h ! ju/ice to rememb] t if1 z seems possible1 ,fr5* soldi]s 7 us+ ! ca!dral z a po/ ( obs]vation1 ! ,g]mans1 accord+ to :at are call$ ! rules ( w>1 7 9 ! "r4 ,9 t case x 0 ! ,fr5* !mselves :o fir/ transgress$ t law :i*1 !y n[ tell u1 makes neutral & inviolate works ( art4 ,= my own "p1 ,i utt]ly d5y t x c ev]1 9 any circum/ances1 be "r to de/roy or put 9 jeop>dy beautiful ?+s4 ,b = any ( ^? gov]nm5ts :i* took a h& 9 ! delib]ate ru9 ( ! summ] palace at ,pek9 to prate ( v&alism & pose z def5d]s ( art is n only dis+5u\s b silly4 ,! spectacle ( ,european soldi]s & /atesm5 :o1 to admoni% su* evil ,*9am5 z might p]si/ 9 def5d+ _! lib]ty & _! religion1 de/roy$ )\t demur ! ma/]pieces ( ,ori5tal art1 ! spectacle1 ,i say1 ( ^! p :imp]+ ov] ! late ,go?ic ( ,l\va9 or ! e>ly ,go?ic ( ,reims1 /rikes me z be+ :at ! ,fr5*1 if _! s5se ( hum\r _h n suff]$ m ?an _! monum5ts1 w\ld call un peu trop =t4 ,reims is1 or 0--,i am n sure :e!r we are m consci\s ( :at exi/$ be=e ! bomb>dm5t or ( :at we imag9e rema9s--,reims is or 0 a typical ?irte5?-c5tury build+2 &1 l mo/ ?irte5?-c5tury build+s1 is or 01 to my feel+1 ( no great arti/ic significance4 ,t x is a v5]able focus ( s5tim5t no "o d5ies2 s1 ,i suppose1 is ! mon/rosity ( ,cologne & ! ,alb]t ,memorial4 ,i am n conc]n$ ) s5tim5t1 b ) art4 ,!re=e1 ,i mu/ note t ( su* arti/ic value z ! ca!dral ev] possess$ ! great] "p 0 n de/roy$ by ! ,g]man bomb>dm5t3 x 0 de/roy$ :51 "s ye>s ago1 ! upp] "p ( ! *ur* 0 made z good z new by ! ,m9i/ry ( ,f9e ,arts4 ,only ! glass1 & ! sculpture ov] ! little door 9 ! nor? transept1 & a few twelf?-or v e>ly ?irte5?-c5tury figures :i* _h escap$ re/oration w be a great loss to ! _w2 &1 = our com=t1 we may rememb] t ! glass 0 n comp>able ) ! glass at ,*>tres or ,b\rges1 :ile f9] sculpture is to be se5 9 scores ( ,romanesque *ur*es4 ,i c li/5 ) admirable pati5ce to tales ( damage done to ,reims ca!dral2 b %\ld ! abbey *ur* ( ,/4 ,remi h be5 injur$ x w\ld be less easy to p>don ! responsible p>ty4 ,/4 ,remi is a ma/]piece ( ! elev5? c5tury1 & 0 /ill1 :5 la/ ,i saw x1 a "w ( spl5d\r & significance 9 spite ( hav+ suff]$ at ! h&s ( ,fr5* ar*itects worse ?+s ?an x is likely to h suff]$ f ,g]man gunn]s4 ,x is a mi/ake = ! ,engli% upp] classes to assure ! _w t !y prize a "w ( art above a victory2 ! _w kn[s bett]4 ,are n ^! ! p :o 7 tell+ u j n[ t ?is 0 no "t = art8 ,is x seemly 9 !m1 is x prud5t ev51 to revile _! own class 9 ,g]many = c>+ z little ab\t art z !mselves8 ,:5 ! ,g]mans sack$ ,l\va9 & %ell$ ,reims our politicians & press discov]$ sudd5ly t art is a sacr$ ?+ & t p :o disrespect x are brutes4 ,agre$3 & h[ h ! money$ classes 9 ,engl& respect$ art8 ,:at sacrifices1 mat]ial1 moral or milit>y1 h !y made8 ,"h1 9 ! ri*e/ c\ntry 9 ! _w1 ) :at difficulty d we raise a few ?\s& p\nds to buy a ma/]piece4 ,:at in/itution d we />ve s abjectly z we />ve ! ,national ,gall]y8 ,has any "o met a ri* man :o d5i$ himself a motorc> to keep a g5ius8 ,h[ d>e ! p :o fill our /reets & public places ) monum5ts t make u ! laugh+-/ock ( ,europe1 ! p :o _c sp>e a few gu9eas to save a picture1 :o *e]fully improve away respectable ar*itecture1 :o all[ arti/s to p]i% & put up ! ,admiralty ,ar*--h[ d>e su* p pose z ! *ampions ( culture & expose _! w\nd$ feel+s 9 ! p5ny & halfp5ny pap]s4 ,9 times ( peace !y us$ art z a hobby & a means ( self-adv]tisem5t1 9 w>time !y w\ld br&i% x z a /ick aga9/ _! foes4 ,! old abuse 0 vulg>1 ! new "o is worse4 ,we c measure ! s5sibility ( ^! politic amateurs :5 we ov]he> _! *att] ab\t patriotic art & cat* !m1 z we caught !m lately1 attempt+ to ban ,g]man music4 ,give u patriotic art1 !y cry4 ,z if art c\ld be patriotic or unpatriotic6 ,"o might z well cry = patriotic ma!matics4 ,! ess5ce ( art is t x provokes a peculi> emotion1 call$ /hetic1 :i*1 l religi\s emotion or ! passion = tru?1 transc5ds nationality4 ,art's supreme importance lies precisely 9 ?is3 its glory is to %>e ) tru? & religion ! p[] ( appeal+ to t "p ( u :i* is uncondition$ by "t or place or public or p]sonal int]e/s4 ,a "w ( art satisfies u /hetically1 j z a true proposition satisfies u intellectually1 :e!r x 0 made 9 ,g]many or else:]e3 by :om x 0 creat$1 :5 x 0 creat$1 & :]e x 0 creat$ are matt]s ( no consequ5ce to any "o b an ar*ologi/4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z patriotic art4 ,! qualities 9 a poem1 a picture1 or a symphony t lead p to describe ! "w z patriotic are purely adv5titi\s & h no?+ to d ) its /hetic significance4 ,wordswor?'s s-call$ patriotic sonnets1 9 s f> z !y are works ( art--& :at sup]b works ( art !y are6--are z appreciable 9 ,b]l9 z 9 ,london4 ,!y appeal z directly to ! /hetic s5sibility ( any ,g]man :o c read ,engli% & appreciate poetry z to ! s5sibility ( an ,engli%man2 & unless a man be /hetically s5sitive he w nev] really appreciate !m no matt] :]e he 0 born4 ,! /ate ( m9d :i* art provokes & :i* compreh5ds & reacts to art is "o 9 :i* nationality has ceas$ to exi/4 ,i am n say+ t an ard5t patriot _c appreciate art2 ,i say t :5 he appreciates x he is c>ri$ into a _w 9 :i* patriotism becomes mean+less4 ,if he has n be5 c>ri$ into t _w he has n appreciat$ art4 ,i %all n d5y t at ! pres5t mom5t an ,engli%man may f9d some?+ peculi>ly sympa!tic 9 ! ideas & memories associat$ ) ! poetry ( ,wordswor?4 ,x is conceivable t a ,fr5*man may f9d unpalatable c]ta9 memories & ideas associat$ ) ! music1 or m probably ) ! "n1 ( ,ba*4 ,b ^! memories & ideas are n a "p ( ! music2 !y are only ! contribution ( an un/hetic auditor4 ,! man :o says t he c no long] appreciate ! music ( ,ba* m]ely admits t he has nev] appreciat$ ! music ( any "o4 ,two ?+s above all o!rs give value to a civilization1 art & ?\ght4 ,x 7 well t ^? ev5 :o _c appreciate ,beauty & ,tru? %\ld be> ?is 9 m9d4 ,in/ead ( blu/]+ ab\t ?is be+ no "t = art !y %\ld rejoice t !re are "s :o1 ris+ above tumultu\s circum/ance1 cont9ue to create & speculate4 ,s long z a s5se ( art & ! dis9t]e/$ passion = tru? p]si/1 ! _w reta9s "s "r to respectful consid]ation2 once ^! disappe> its fate becomes a matt] ( indiff]5ce4 ,! cont9u$ exi/5ce ( a /upid & ins5sitive _w1 incapable ( /hetic rapture or metaphysical ec/asy1 is n p>ticul>ly desirable4 ,x may be wise to wage w> = ! sake ( civilization2 t is a "q ( probabilities ) :i* ,i am n at pres5t conc]n$3 b a w> t leaves ! _w poor] 9 art or ?\ght is1 :atev] its political consequ5ces1 a victory = b>b>ism & = humanity a disa/]4 ,a nation t w\ld def5d ! cause ( civilization mu/ rema9 civiliz$2 & t a nation may em]ge civiliz$ f fi]ce & exhau/+ w>1 t x may pres]ve unabat$ its p[] = good1 x is necess>y t dur+ its horrid & circumscrib+ lab\rs !re %\ld h be5 m5 :o1 deta*$ & undismay$1 cont9u$ to s]ve int]e/s high] & wid] ?an ! int]e/s ( any ,/ate or conf$]acy4 ,9 times ( /orm & d>kness x is ! "p ( arti/s & philosoph]s to t5d ! lamp4 ,?is duty !y p]=m unconsci\sly by simply m9d+ _! own bus9ess4 ,arti/s & philosoph]s & ^? :o are apt to h&le tru? & beauty are1 9 fact1 ! ve/als ( civility4 ,to be sure1 !y are n appo9t$ or elect$1 nei!r are !y consecrate nor %orn nor always *a/e2 nev]!less1 !y t5d ! lamp4 ,because !y alone c project _! ?\ghts & feel+s f> beyond ! fronti]s ( ,/ates & ,empires1 because _! sympa?ies & int]e/s are univ]sal1 because !y c lose !mselves 9 timeless ab/ractions1 because _! k+dom is n ( ?is _w1 !y alone 9 times ( division & calamity & %ortsight$ passion c keep ! flame alive4 ,?us d !y un9t5tionally s]ve ! ,/ate4 ,s f> z !y are conc]n$ _! b5efic5ce is q adv5titi\s1 _! s]vice sup]]ogatory4 ,= !y d n live to s]ve humanity1 b to s]ve _! ma/]ful & inhuman passion2 by s]v+ t fai?fully !y save ! _w4 ,let !m cont9ue to ?9k & feel1 wat*+1 untr\bl$1 ! cl\dless heav5s1 till m51 look+ up f _! bea/ly lab\rs1 aga9 cat* sight ( ! un*ang+ />s4 ,m5s equa 9 arduis3 calm & unconc]n$ 9 ! hurricane3 ! m9d set /eadily on inde/ructible ?+s3 t1 ,i ?9k1 is h[ x %\ld be 9 ^! days ) arti/s & philosoph]s4 ,:5 ! ,roman soldi]s ent]$ ,syracuse !y f\nd ,ar*im$es absorb$ 9 a ma!matical problem4 ,he nev] rais$ 8 head & !y kill$ him :]e he sat4 ,i want to save ^? nice1 cultivat$ p :o g ab\t say+ t ?is is no "t = art f do+ "s h>m & mak+ !mselves ridicul\s4 ,to !m1 n to ! arti/s1 is my mission4 ,!y are 9 dang] ( becom+ co>se & absurd & ( say+ ?+s t _! enemies w nev] all[ !m to =get4 ,!y are n =midable3 besides1 art is fe>less4 ,= art _c die2 nei!r c ! desire = art4 ,if hi/ory tea*es no?+ else wor? rememb]+1 x tea*es t4 ,arti/s w create ?\gh !y mu/ />ve = x1 & art we w h ?\gh our days be numb]$4 ,arti/s & ^? :o c>e = art may be a m]e h&ful 9 ! human mass1 b !irs is ! passionate fai? t conqu]s someh[ 9 spite ( battles & holds ! _w 9 fee4 ,art survives3 ! /ate ( ?is *illy1 qu>relsome little planet has nev] gr[n s desp]ate t arti/s h lo/ fai?4 ,aft] all1 :y %\ld !y8 ,art is n less important because "s m5 are bad & mo/ are wret*$2 & x is no "p ( an arti/'s bus9ess to /raight5 out ! contortions ( humanity4 ,! loss ( hue to riv]-banks1 obs]v$ ,*'ng ,hao1 ! ,sung poet1 is ! riv]-banks' affair4 ,art has se5 worse days ?an ^!4 ,betwe5 #icg & #ajei1 if we may believe ,glab]1 !re 7 =ty-eight ye>s ( pe/il5ce & fam9e4 ,f ,con/ant9ople to ,exet] ! _w 0 "o mis]able sore4 ,cannibalism became *ronic4 ,9 ! m>ket-place ( ,t\rnus human jo9ts 7 expos$ = sale4 ,man _h sunk to su* dep?s ( impot5ce t ! wolves came out & disput$ ) him ! ma/]y ( ,europe4 ,w> seems to h be5 ! only activity = :i* ! lead]s ( ! p 7 n too feeble3 let u hope t !y kept hon\r bright & pres]v$ nicely ! balance ( ,neu/ria1 ,au/ria1 & ! k+dom ( ,italy4 ,& ov] all hung1 z well x might1 ! t]ror ( judgm5t & ! end ( ! _w4 ,yet art surviv$4 ,! ye>s t lie r\nd ab\t ! mill5nium are precisely ^? 9 :i* arti/s seem to h be5 unable almo/ to d wrong4 ,!n x 0 t ! /hetic s5se1 ris+ calm above confusion1 deta*$ & remote f human woes1 express$ itself gravely 9 t e>ly ,romanesque ar*itecture & sculpture :i* rema9s ! imp]i%able glory ( ! ,middle ,age4 ,!re h be5 w>s z great z ?is2 !re may be great]4 ,empires & cont95ts h gone d[n & may aga9 g d[n into mis]y4 ,art survives4 ,:at rema9s ( ,egypt b h] monum5ts8 ,9 ,babylonia !re 7 k+s & pr9ces be=e ! com+ ( ! ,assyrians2 !re 7 /atesm51 g5]als1 & prie/s3 b ! glory & /ory ( t l& w\ld be = u a vague1 bad dream 7 x n t ! sculpture ( ! vanqui%$ ,sum]ians rema9s spl5did & unobscure4 ,kublai ,khan1 t conqu]] ( ,*9a & sc\rge ( all ! ,ea/1 lives1 if he live at all1 9 ! v]se ( an ,engli% poet1 :ile ! art ( ! p he came to de/roy is ! great glory ( ,asia & ! inspiration ( half ! _w4 ,to be or n to be ?9k+ ab\t art is n a matt] ( *oice4 ,art is imp]i\s4 ,z well tell an arti/ n to brea! z n to create4 ,arti/s w be arti/s2 & s f> z ,i c see ! _s has nev] f\nd]$ 9 ! wreck ( mat]ial ?+s4 ,if ^? anci5t m9i/]s ( ! devil1 fire & sword1 pe/il5ce & fam9e1 c\ld n =ce m5 to /op creat+ & feel+1 ,i d n suppose t j\rnali/s & politicians & inactive colonels & fire-eat+ curates w be m successful4 ,!re nev] 0 a "t t 0 no "t = art4 ,9 ! d>kness ( ! d>ke/ ages ! /hetic s5se %9es cle>4 ,7 n ! ma/]pieces ( ,attic com$y writt5 9 a beleagur$ ,/ate 9 ! ?roes ( a disa/r\s w>8 ,& 0 x n 9 #affg t ,engl& suff]$ :at has be5 call$ h] greate/ humiliation8 ,c]ta9ly x 0 9 #affg %e receiv$ h] greate/ epic4 ,few1 inde$1 c look /eadily at _! own times4 ,to ! ephem]a t toss$ on ! wat]s ( ! pa/ ! ripples 7 m\nta9\s2 to u ! pa/ is a sad1 grey lake1 sc>cely ruffl$1 f :i* em]ge ! tall lights ( art & ?\ght4 ,x mu/ be a defective s5se ( proportion1 ,i ?9k1 t makes p :o cite ,ari/ophanes1 b nev] he>d ( ,conon1 :o are deep 9 ,p>adise ,lo/ b nei!r "k nor c>e :o won ! battle ( ,l[e/(t1 ass]t s confid5tly t ?is is no "t = art4 ,let !m1 = _! own sakes1 consid] :at sort ( figure 9 hi/ory "o w\ld cut :o _h adjur$ "y ,%akespe>e--?irty ye>s ( age &1 if "o may draw inf]5ces f tradition1 able at lea/ to %oot--to give ov] 8 preci\s fool+ & jo9 ! exp$ition>y =ce 9 ,portugal4 ,yet ! mom5t 0 grave3 we _h lo/ ,! ,rev5ge & fail$ ignom9i\sly be=e ,cadiz2 we /ill expect$ invasion4 ,%akespe>e & ! re/ ( !m might surely h done some?+ = _! c\ntry4 ,,footnote3 #bd ,?is essay 0 writt5 = a ,hamp/ead lit]>y society--,i =get ! "n--& read "s "t 9 ,octob] #aiad4 ,x 0 pr9t$ ! foll[+ ye> 9 ! ,int]national ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics4 ,,be=e ,,! ,,w> ,sid5ote3 ,cambridge ,magaz9e ,may #aiag ,x is to me a /range ?+ t s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! w> ,utopia-build+ has gone on m m]rily ?an ev]4 ,almo/ e "o has a s*eme = social recon/ruction2 & ( ^! s*emes1 ?\gh mo/ are ( t famili> k9d :i* discov]s 9 compulsory /rike-arbitration ! true & only panacea1 "s are 9 !mselves attractive en\gh1 be+ m or less intellig5t attempts to comb9e ,sociali/ economics ) ! maximum ( p]sonal lib]ty4 ,& yet ,i c take no int]e/ 9 any ( !m1 ?\gh my apa?y1 ,i "k1 vexes my fri5ds :o compla9 t 9 old days1 be=e ! w>1 no ca/le-build] 0 m reckless ?an ,i4 ,v true3 b ?+s h *ang$ s9ce !n4 ,be=e ! w> ,engl& 0 imm5sely ri*2 & ! upp] classes1 be=e ! w>1 7 beg9n+ to f9d b>b>ism bor+4 ,consequ5tly ! l[] & l[]-middle1 z !y got money & pu%$ up t[>ds ! light1 ent]$ a _w t c\ld af=d to be lib]al1 ab\t :i* float$1 vaguely en\gh1 ideas t 9 "t might h be5 turn$ to good acc\nt4 ,t is :]e ! ,edw>dian-,georgian age diff]$ mo/ hopefully f ! ,victorian4 ,9 ,victorian days :5 a man became ri* or ceas$ to be mis]ably poor he /ill f\nd himself 9 a society :]e money-mak+ 0 consid]$ ! prop] end ( exi/5ce3 intellectually he 0 /ill 9 ! slums4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aiad society (f]$ ! new-com] precisely :at ! new-com] want$1 n cut-&-dri$ ideas1 /ill less a p]fect civilization1 b an intellectual flutt]1 fa9t & fev]i% no d\bt1 a c]ta9 receptivity to new ways ( ?9k+ & feel+1 a m9d at lea/ aj>1 & ! luxuri\s tol]ance ( inh]it$ weal?4 ,n1 ,i suppose1 s9ce #aghi h days seem$ m full ( promise ?an ^? spr+ days ( #aiad4 ,!y seem fabul\s n[1 & a fairy-tale nev] comes amiss4 ,! g5]ation t takes its fir/ look at ! _w 9 ! ye>s t foll[ ! w> w h>dly be p]suad$ t 9 ! ye>s t j prec$$ x ! gov]n+ class 0 drift+ out ( b>b>ism4 ,yet s x 04 ,! bright] & bett] educat$1 at any rate1 7 beg9n+ to discov] t clev] p are m ent]ta9+ ?an /upid ones1 & t social exp]im5t is z good an extravagance z ano!r4 ,engl& 0 fanta/ically ri*2 & "s ( ! v ri* all[$ "s ( ! v clev] to :e$le f !m great sums ( money1 kn[+ all ! "t t ^! w\ld be appli$ to su* unsettl+ activities z ! education ( ?ankless lab\r]s or anti-sweat+ propag&a4 ,ev5 t[>ds ,art roll$ a few copp]s2 inde$1 ! be/ pa9t] 9 ,engl& tells me t ab\t ?is "t he 0 e>n+ z mu* z two hundr$ a ye>4 ,x 0 ?\ght odd b n %ameful 9 ,mr4 ,?omas ,bee*am to sp5d "s "p ( 8 fa!r's =tune on produc+ mod]n music & ! op]as ( ,moz>t4 ,9 fact1 x 0 com+ to be a "q :e!r !re 0 any?+ ess5tially ridicul\s ab\t a musician1 a poet1 or a ,sociali/4 ,pun* 0 r>ely se5 9 ! be/ h\ses4 ,= a few dizzy ye>s x 0 wildly surmis$ t to f\nd a civilization might be z ?rill+ z to f\nd a family1 & t "o c\ld be z romantic & snobbi% ab\t ,art z ab\t bull-dogs or battle%ips4 ,to be op5-m9d$ became modi%2 p ) int]e/+1 subv]sive ?+s to say 7 enc\rag$ to talk--always provid$ !y talk$ ) an air ( n tak+ q s]i\sly :at !y said4 ,! poor 7 repress$ z firmly z ev]1 b ! job 0 left to su* paid bullies z con/ables1 magi/rates1 & judges1 :om ! nic] patricians employ$1 b took leave to despise4 ,9 #aiad :at 9 ,engl& is call$ ,society gave promise ( becom+ :at x _h n be5 s9ce ! ,fr5* ,revolution--some?+ t a fa/idi\s p]son c\ld tol]ate4 ,x 0 becom+ op5-m9d$4 ,n[ op5-m9d$ness is ! s9e qua non ( :at is call$ brilliant society1 & brilliant society is by f> ! be/ manure ) :i* to f]tilize ! soil 9 :i* revolutions are to be cultivat$4 ,only :5 ,society becomes clev] & inquisitive1 & wants to be amus$1 does x op5 its doors to re=m]s1 & only 9 su* society c mo/ re=m]s--re=m]s1 t is to say1 :o h n be5 born ) an exceptional gift ( self-criticism--acquire t s5se ( hum\r & da% ( cynicism lack+ :i* !y p]i%4 ,society to be good mu/ be op5-m9d$2 )\t t !re c be nei!r wit nor gaiety nor conv]sation wor? ! "n4 ,prejudices & prud]ies1 respect ( p]sons1 rev]5ce ( s5tim5ts1 & consid]ation = ! corns ( ! dull are fatal4 ,on su* t]ms ev5 fun & high spirits soon deg5]ate to buffoon]y & romps4 ,!re mu/ be no clos$ subjects at ! m5tion ( :i* faces l5g!n1 voices become grave1 & ! air ?ick5s ) he>ty platitudes3 ! intellect mu/ be suff]$ to play freely ab\t ev]y?+ & ev]ybody4 ,wit is ! v salt & ess5ce ( society1 & y c no m h wit t hurts no?+ ,que5 ,victoria respect$ ?an y c h tru? t hurts no?+ %e believ$4 ,n[ wit is purely an affair ( ! intellect1 & s is society :5 x is at all good2 no "o b a fool dreams ( go+ !re = f9e feel+s & pr(\nd emotions4 ,b ! intellect to be nimble mu/ be free3 'tis a sprite w play y ! prettie/ tricks an y give x ! run ( ! h\se2 close b "o door ?\gh1 & x sits sulk+ 9 ! lobby4 ,delightful are ! games x c play y3 wit1 irony1 criticism1 ?rill+ ideas1 visions ( fanta/ic an>*y & brea?less g5]alizations--all ^! x c give2 b ! e>? & all ?+s above & bel[ mu/ be its toy-box2 f ! def]5tial intellect expect no?+ bett] ?an puns1 anecdotes1 com=table platitudes1 elaborate faceti\sness1 & ! ,saturday ,we/m9/]4 ,i d n sugge/ t 9 ! spr+ ( #aiad ,engli% society 0 brilliant or any?+ ( t sort3 ,i ?9k x 0 tir$ ( be+ m]ely dec5t4 ,"o or two f9e ladies _h made op5-m9d$ness & a ta/e = ideas fa%ionable3 snobisme 0 do+ ! re/4 ,& we may z well recognize1 )\t m ado1 t1 ,a!ns & ,flor5ce be+ ?+s ( ! pa/1 a ?ick-spread intellectual & arti/ic snobisme is ! only possible basis = a mod]n civilization4 ,?anks *iefly to ! em]g5ce ( a lay] ( ?is ri* & rott5 mat]ial "o _h hopes 9 #aiad ( "s day cultivat+ a g>d5 9 :i* arti/s & writ]s w\ld fl\ri% & prophets le>n n to be silly4 ,society be=e ! w> %[$ signs ( becom+ :at ,fr5* society be=e ! ,revolution _h be5--curi\s1 gay1 tol]ant1 reckless1 & reasonably cynical4 ,aft] ! w> ,i suppose x w be none ( ^! ?+s4 ,l ! eighte5? c5tury1 hav+ le>nt its lesson1 x w borr[ a sob] tone & simpl] ta/es f ! b\rgeoisie4 ,= ! ,edw>dian culture did n g v deep2 ! c\ntry g5tlefolk & eld] bus9ess m51 ! middl+ pr(essionals & half-pay (fic]s1 nev] ab&on$ ! ,victorian tradition4 ,!y c\ld n b deplore ! imprud5ce ( _! too affable lead]s1 :om1 nev]!less1 x 0 _! duty & pleasure to admire4 ,!y knew t ,mr4 ,balf\r 0 addict$ to ! plays ( ,b]n>d ,%aw1 t ,anatole ,france _h be5 ent]ta9$ at ! ,savoy1 & t ,cunn+hame ,graham--a man :o 0 once s5t to prison = riot+--sat d[n to d9n] at ! tables ( ! nobility4 ,x made !m uneasy & irritable2 x also made !m fancy t !y1 too1 %\ld keep abrea/ ( ! times4 ,s !y let _! wives subscribe to "s advanc$ fa%ion-pap] ) ,be>dsleyesque-,brunelles*i draw+s & felt1 q rightly1 t x 0 r na/y4 ,! he>t ( ,engl& 0 s\nd4 ,all ov] ! c\ntry 7 homes 9 :i* ladies 7 p]mitt$ nei!r to smoke cig>ettes nor read ! plays ( ,ibs5 nor pron\nce1 )\t a %udd]1 ! "n ( ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george4 ,by ! majority ! use ( cosmetics 0 /ill reckon$ a s91 ,wagn] a good joke1 & ,kipl+ a good poet4 ,! ,spectator 0 /ill read4 ,nev]!less1 ! /ud5t ( paulo-pre-w> ,engl& w h to recognize t = a few deliri\s ye>s a "p ( ! rul+ faction--cosmopolitan plutocrats & "s ( ! brisk] pe]esses--li/5$ m will+ly to ! clev] ?an to ! good4 ,!re 0 a v5e] ( culture or1 z ,i h h9t$1 ( intellectual snobisme4 ,heav5 may delude ^? :om x wills to de/roy1 b ! v infirmities ( its fav\rites x %apes to _! prop] advantage4 ,! gov]n+ classes ( ,europe effectually upset ! apple-c>ts ( _! fanciful fri5ds by gett+ into a w>4 ,:5 t happ5$ ^! dream-p$l>s surely %\ld h p]ceiv$ t ! game 0 up4 ,!y _h always kn[n t only by devot+ its fir/ half to ! accumulation ( weal? & culture c\ld ! tw5tie? c5tury hope 9 its second to make good "s "p ( its utopic vision4 ,weal? 0 ! fir/ & absolute necessity3 ,socialism )\t money is a nightm>e4 ,to live well man mu/ be able to buy "s leisure1 f9]y1 & elb[-room4 ,any?+ is bett] ?an a pov]ty-/rick5 communism 9 :i* no "o c af=d to be lazy or unpractical4 ,if1 z seems probable1 ! en]gies ( ,europe dur+ ! next fifty ye>s mu/ be devot$ to re-amass+ ! capital t ,europe has squ&]$1 ! conc5tration on bus9ess w be z fatal to ! hopes ( social re=m]s z ! pov]ty t provokes x4 ,"o =esees ! h>d1 unimag9ative view ( life rega9+ ! asc5dancy1 labori\s ins5sibility re-cr[n$ que5 ( ! virtues1 ,self-help by ,smiles aga9 giv5 z a prize = good conduct1 & ! gr& biological discov]y t ! fitte/ to survive d survive adduc$ aga9 z an argum5t aga9/ income-tax4 ,:5 "o rememb]s ! long comm]cial tyranny t foll[$ ! ,napoleonic w>s1 ! tyranny "u :i* money-mak+ became ! *ief duty ( man1 "u :i* ,art f\nd]$ & middle-class morality fl\ri%$1 "o gr[s uneasy4 ,& if "o _c =get ! /raggl]s f ! ,age ( ,reason1 ! old1 pre-,revolution>y p :o1 9 ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xviii1 cackl$ obsolete lib]alism1 blasphem$1 & span wr9kl$ intrigues b5ea? ! sc&aliz$ br[s ( neo-,ca?olic gr&*ildr51 "o becomes exce$+ly sorry = oneself4 ,ev5 be=e ! w> we 7 n su* fools z to suppose t a new _w w\ld gr[ up 9 a night4 ,fir/ _h to gr[ up a g5]ation ( civiliz$ m5 & wom5 to desire & devise x4 ,t 0 :]e ! intellectual dilettanti came 94 ,^? p]t & unpopul> p :o float$ ab\t prop\nd+ unpleasant riddles & tweak+ up ! law :]ev] x _h be5 mo/ solemnly laid d[n 71 9 fact1 mak+ possible ! ,new ,age4 ,n only did !y set *att]+ ! ri* & gibb]+ ) rage ! less pres5table revolution>ies1 x 0 !y :o p\r$ out ! ideas t filt]$ ?r\gh to ! trades-union class2 &1 if t class 0 soon to create & direct a br&-new ,/ate1 x 0 high "t t x %\ld beg9 to h&le ! sort ( ideas ^! p _h to (f]4 ,d\btless ! trade-unioni/s w\ld h develop$ a civilization sweet] & f> m solid ?an t :i* flitt$ s airily f salon to /udio1 f ,bloomsbury to ,*elsea2 be=e long1 ,i d>e say1 !y w\ld h dismiss$ our !ories z he>tless & dry & absurd to boot2 9 ! end1 p]haps1 !y w\ld h _h our heads (f--b n1 ,i ?9k1 until !y _h got "s ideas into _! own4 ,! w> has ru9$ our little pat* ( civility z ?or\ghly z a revolution c\ld h done2 b1 s f> z ,i c see1 ! w> (f]s no?+ 9 ex*ange4 ,t is :y ,i take no fur!r int]e/ 9 s*emes = social recon/ruction4 ,,! ,,end ,,index ,,( ,,names ,abbas1 ,%ah1 #afc ,abbassi1 ,riza1 #afb ,abraham1 ,miss ,e41 #ac1 #acb ,ad5ey1 #agh s*ylus1 #cb ,alex&]1 #bd ,alfi]i1 #cc ,anet1 ,claude1 #aeg1 #aei1 #afj ,angelo1 ,mi*ael1 #ahe ,ar*]1 #bi ,ar*ibald1 ,raymond ,cl>e1 #hb1 #hd ,ar*im$es1 #bdb ,ario/o1 #ee ,ari/ophanes1 #ii-ajc1 #ajf-aaa1 #bdf ,ari/otle1 #be1 #cd ,arnold1 ,mat!w1 #hf ,assel91 #ahf ,a!num1 !1 #c1 #d1 #e ,au*9leck1 ,laird (1 #hj ,ba*1 #bdj ,bak/1 #abi1 #aca ,balf\r1 #beb ,balzac1 #ii ,bee*am1 ,sir ,?omas1 #bdi ,begbie1 ,h>old1 #bcb ,bell1 ,vanessa1 #bjf1 #bjg1 #bbh1 #bbi ,b5nett1 ,arnold1 #a1 #c1 #h1 #i-aa1 #ac-ae ,b]gson1 #hi ,b]kley1 #hi ,behzad1 #aef1 #aei1 #afa-afc ,b9yon1 #ace ,bjrns51 #ad ,blake1 #abe1 #bad ,bloy1 ,lon1 #hi ,bonn>d1 #aid1 #bjj1 #baa1 #bae ,boswell1 ,james1 #gd-ha ,botticelli1 #adj1 #baa ,b\g]eau1 #bbb ,b\rget1 ,paul1 #ae ,brock1 ,clutton1 #adf-adi1 #aea ,br\gham1 ,"l1 #ef ,br[ne1 ,sir ,?omas1 #ef ,bu*anan1 ,rob]t1 #ea ,burl+ton ,magaz9e1 !1 #g1 #aeg1 #aei1 #afc1 #ahh1 #baf ,byron1 ,"l1 #id1 #aae1 #aag1 #aah1 #abd ,cs>1 #bd ,cambridge ,magaz9e1 !1 #g ,cann+1 #eg ,c>lyle1 ,alex&]1 #ig ,c>lyle1 ,mrs41 #id1 #if1 #ig ,c>lyle1 ,?omas1 #ge1 #hb-ih1 #aeb ,cato1 #bd1 #be ,catullus1 #ii ,czanne1 #aa1 #bh-cj1 #ahc1 #aid1 #aie1 #aif1 #bja1 #bjf1 #bji1 #baa1 #bae1 #baf1 #bbe1 #bbf ,*ampaigne1 ,philippe de1 #bai ,*>d91 #aif1 #bah ,*teaubri&1 #hf ,*auc]1 #ajj ,*e/]ton1 ,g4 ,k41 #hh1 #ajf ,*ryso/om1 ,/41 #ajj ,cic]o1 #id ,cimabue1 #aeg ,clairmont1 ,claire1 #aag1 #aai-aba ,cl>ke1 ,mrs41 #ea ,claude1 #bac ,cole1 ,sir ,h5ry1 #ea ,col]idge1 #ad ,col]idge1 ,miss ,m>y1 #da-di ,cond]1 #bje ,conon1 #bdf ,conrad1 ,joseph1 #aa1 #ad ,con/able1 #bad1 #bah ,creighton1 #hf ,crome1 #bad ,dante1 #ii ,d>w91 #ih1 #abe ,davies1 ,r&all1 #afe1 #aff1 #afh1 #agj-agc ,delaunay1 #ahc1 #bae ,d]a91 #aha1 #bjj1 #baa1 #bae ,dixon1 ,canon1 #dh ,dor51 ,c>l ,van1 #fb-fe ,do/oievsky1 #ac1 #bac ,doyle1 ,sir ,ar?ur ,conan1 #ad ,drummond1 ,malcolm1 #agh ,edw>ds1 ,george1 #acc ,em]son1 #hf ,epictetus1 #hf ,ep/e91 #agf1 #bbh1 #bbi ,et*ells1 #agh ,faguet1 #hh ,f]r]s1 #hh ,fildes1 ,sir ,luke1 #aha ,f9*1 ,madame ,r5e1 #agh ,fitz,gerald1 #id1 #abi ,flamm>ion1 ,,mm41 #ag ,flaub]t1 #ajh ,=man1 ,h4 ,buxton1 #aae ,france1 ,anatole1 #aa1 #bb1 #ij1 #beb ,francis1 ,sir ,philip1 #gd-gf ,/41 #hf ,freeman1 ,a41 #fb1 #fd1 #fe ,friesz1 #aha1 #bjj1 #bae ,fri?1 #agj ,fry1 ,rog]1 #agj1 #baf1 #bbf ,galswor?y1 ,john1 #aa1 #ab1 #acb ,galt1 #aj ,g>nett1 ,ri*>d1 #ea ,g>rod1 #acc ,gaugu91 #aha1 #aie1 #baa1 #bae1 #baf1 #bbe1 #bbf ,george ,v1 #agg ,george1 ,lloyd1 #bec ,g]tl]1 ,m>k1 #bjc1 #bjd1 #bbh ,gibbon1 #ii ,giles1 ,pr(41 #ace ,gill1 ,eric1 #bbi ,gilman1 #agg ,g9n]1 #agh ,giotto1 #aeg1 #afa1 #bjf ,glab]1 #bdb ,godw91 #hf ,gogh1 ,van1 #aha1 #baa1 #bae1 #bbe1 #bbf ,goldoni1 #cc1 #ea ,gon*>ova1 #bjg1 #bae ,gordon1 ,m>g>et1 #hb1 #hc ,gore1 ,s4 ,f41 #agg1 #ahd ,g\rnay1 ,mlle4 de1 #ah ,grahame1 ,cunn+hame1 #beb ,grant1 ,duncan1 #aif1 #bjb1 #bje1 #bjf1 #bbh1 #bbi ,gray1 #id ,greco1 ,el1 #bjf1 #baa ,gris1 #bjj ,hals1 ,frans1 #adj ,hamilton1 #ahf ,hao1 ,*'ng1 #bdc ,h>die1 ,keir1 #aaa ,h>dy1 ,?omas1 #aj1 #aa ,h>vey1 ,m>t91 #abh ,h5n]1 #bbb ,h]b91 #aha ,h]ramaneck1 #aei ,hobson1 #ahh1 #ahi1 #aia ,hom]1 #ac1 #da ,horace1 #ci1 #ia l',hote1 #aha1 #bjj ,h\ghton1 ,"l1 #ea ,hoyles1 ,lady1 #hd ,hume1 ,david1 #gf1 #hj ,ibs51 ,h5rik1 #bh-dj1 #bec ,+res1 #aig ,int]national ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics1 !1 #g ,irv+1 ,sir ,h5ry1 #aib ,james1 ,h5ry1 #abg ,john1 #bje1 #baj ,johnson1 ,samuel1 #ad1 #bj1 #gf1 #gg1 #hj1 #ha1 #adg ,jones1 ,inigo1 #bad ,jonson1 ,b51 #d ,k&9sky1 #bae ,keats1 #da1 #ajb1 #bjb ,kevorkian1 #aeh ,kipl+1 ,rudy>d1 #ae1 #ade1 #bbe1 #bec ,kokan1 ,%iba1 #adc1 #ade ,kor91 #adj ,kublai ,khan1 #bde ,la=gue1 #aj1 #bac ,lamb1 ,*>les1 #id1 #if1 #bjj ,laprade1 #bae ,l>ion(f1 #bae ,laur5ciu1 ,m>ie1 #bjg ,leop>di1 #id ,lesp9asse1 ,julie 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