,illu/ration3 ,,coni/on                 
,,f ,a ,,photograph                     
,libr>y ,edition                        
,,! ,,complete ,,works                  
,,(                              ,,john 
,,rusk9                                 
,,cr[n ,,( ,,wild ,,olive               
,,"t ,,& ,,tide                         
,,que5 ,,( ,,! ,,air                    
,,lectures ,,on ,,art ,,& ,,l&scape     
,,aratra ,,p5telici                     
,,national ,,libr>y ,,association       
,,new ,,york             ,,*icago       
,,"t ,,& ,,tide                         
,,by                              ,,we>e
 ,,& ,,tyne                             
,,tw5ty-,,five ,,lett]s                 
,,to                      ,a ,,work+    
,,man ,,( ,,sund]l&                     
,,on                           ,,!      
,,laws ,,( ,,"w4     ,,cont5ts4         
,,page       ,,preface                  
ix    ,,lett]       ,i4 ,,co-,,op]ation 
#a           ,! two k9ds (              
,co-op]ation4--,9 its highe/            

s5se x is n yet ?\ght (4       ,,ii4    
,,cont5tm5t                             
#d           ,co-op]ation1 z hi!rto     
und]/ood1 is p]haps           n exp$i5t4
      ,,iii4 ,,legislation              
#g           ,( ,true ,legislation4--,t 
e ,man may be a ,law           to       
himself4       ,,iv4 ,,exp5diture       
#aa           ,! ,exp5ses = ,art & =    
,w>4        ,v4 ,,ent]ta9m5t            
#ac           ,! ,corruption ( ,mod]n   
,pleasure4--7,cov5t ,g>d5               
,pantomime47       ,,vi4 ,,dext]ity     
#ah           ,! ,corruption ( ,mod]n   
,pleasure4--7,! ,japanese               
,juggl]s47      ,,vii4 ,,fe/ivity       
#bj           ,( ! ,v>i\s ,expressions (
 ,national ,fe/ivity4     ,,viii4 ,,?+s 
,,writt5                                
#bb           ,! ,f\r ,possible ,!ories 
respect+ !           ,au?ority ( !      
,bible4       ,,ix4 ,,?anksgiv+         
#bg           ,! ,use ( ,music & ,danc+ 
"u ! ,jewi%           ,!ocracy1 comp>$ )
 _! ,use by ! ,mod]n           ,fr5*4   

,x4 ,,:eat-,,sift+                      
#cb           ,! ,mean+1 & ,actual      
,op]ation1 ( ,satanic or                
,demoniacal ,influ5ce4       ,,xi4 ,,!  
,,gold5 ,,b\gh                          
#ch           ,! ,satanic ,p[] is ma9ly 
,tw(old3 ! ,p[] (           caus+       
,falsehood & ! ,p[] ( caus+ ,pa94       
,! ,resi/ance is by ,law ( ,honor & ,law
 (           ,delight4      ,,xii4      
,,dictator%ip                           
#da           ,! ,necessity ( ,imp]ative
 ,law to ! ,prosp]ity           (       
,/ates4     ,,xiii4 ,,episcopacy ,,&    
,,duk$om                                
#de           ,! ,prop] ,(fices ( !     
,bi%op & ,duke2 or1           ,ov]se] & 
,lead]4      ,,xiv4 ,,trade-,,w>rant    
#ea           ,! ,fir/ ,gr\p ( ,ess5tial
 ,laws4--,aga9/ ,!ft           by ,false
 ,"w1 & by ,bankruptcy4--,necess>y      
,publicity ( ,acc\nts4       ,,xv4      
,,p]-,,c5tage                           
#ed           ,! ,nature ( ,!ft by      
,unju/ ,pr(its4--,crime c               

f9ally be arre/$ only by ,education4    
,,xvi4 ,,education                      
#ei           ,( ,public ,education     
irrespective ( ,class                   
di/9ction4 ,x consi/s ess5tially 9 giv+ 
,habits ( ,m]cy1 & ,habits ( ,tru?4     
7,g5tl5ess           & ,ju/ice47        
,,xvii4 ,,difficulties                  
#ff           ,! ,relations ( ,education
 to ,position 9 ,life4    ,,xviii4      
,,humility                              
#fh           ,! h>mful ,effects (      
,s]vile ,employm5ts4 ,!                 
possible ,practice & ,exhibition ( s9c]e
           ,humility by ,religi\s       
,p]sons4      ,,xix4 ,,brok5 ,,re$s     
#gc           ,! ,g5]al ,pressure (     
,excessive & ,improp]           ,"w1 9  
,engli% ,life4       ,,xx4              
,,rose-,,g>d5s                          
#gh           ,( ,improvid5ce 9 ,m>riage
 9 ! ,middle ,classes2           & ( !  
advisable ,re/rictions ( x4      ,,xxi4 
,,g5tillesse                            
#hc           ,( ! ,dignity ( ! ,f\r    

,f9e ,arts2 & ( !           ,prop]      
,sy/em ( ,retail ,trade4     ,,xxii4 ,,!
 ,,ma/]                                 
#hh           ,( ! ,normal ,position &  
,duties ( ! ,upp]           ,classes4   
,g5]al ,/atem5t ( ! ,l& ,"q4    ,,xxiii4
 ,,l&m>ks                               
#ic           ,( ! ,j ,t5ure ( ,l&s2 & !
 ,prop]           ,functions ( high     
,public ,(fic]s4     ,,xxiv4 ,,! ,,rod  
,,& ,,honeycomb                         
#aja           ,! ,(fice ( ! ,soldi]4   
,,xxv4 ,,hyssop                         
#ajh           ,( inevitable ,di/9ction 
( ,rank1 & necess>y                     
,submission to ,au?ority4 ,! ,mean+ (   
,pure-,he>t$ness4 ,conclusion4          
,,app5dices4     ,,app5dix              
,,page     ,i4 ,exp5diture on ,sci5ce & 
,art                            #aai    
,,ii4 ,legislation ( ,fr$]ick ! ,great  
#abj   ,,iii4 ,effect ( ,mod]n          
,ent]ta9m5ts on ! ,m9d ( ,y\?      #abd 
,,iv4 ,drunk5ness z ! ,cause ( ,crime   
#abd     ,v4 ,abuse ( ,food             

#abf    ,,vi4 ,regulations ( ,trade     
#abh   ,,vii4 ,lett] to ! ,editor ( !   
,pall ,mall ,gazette           #acj     
,,preface4   ,! foll[+ ,lett]s 7 writt5 
to ,mr4 ,?omas ,dixon1 a work+          
cork-cutt] ( ,sund]l&1 dur+ ! agitation 
= ,re=m 9 ! spr+ ( ! pres5t ye>4 ,!y    
conta91 9 ! pla9e/ t]ms ,i c\ld use1 !  
sub/ance ( :at ,i !n desir$ to say to   
our ,engli% workm51 :i* 0 briefly       
?is3--,! re=m y desire may give y m     
influ5ce 9 ,p>liam5t2 b y\r influ5ce !re
 w ( c\rse be useless to y1--p]haps     
worse ?an useless1 until y h wisely made
 up y\r m9ds :at y wi% ,p>liam5t to d = 
y2 & :5 y h made up y\r m9ds ab\t t1 y w
 f9d1 n only t y c d x = y\rselves1 )\t 
! int]v5tion ( ,p>liam5t2 b t ev5tually 
nobody b y\rselves c d x4 ,& to help y1 
z f> z "o ( y\r old fri5ds may1 9 s mak+
 up y\r m9ds1 su* & su* ?+s are :at x   
seems to me y %\ld ask =1 &1 moreov]1   
/rive = ) y\r he>t & might4  ,! lett]s  
n[ publi%$ relate only to "o division ( 
! laws :i* ,i desir$ to recomm5d to !   

consid]ation ( our op]atives1--^?1      
namely1 be>+ ^u hone/y ( "w1 & hone/y ( 
ex*ange4 ,i hope 9 ! c\rse ( next ye> t 
,i may be able to complete ! second "p (
 ! s]ies1 ,i c\ld n2 b ',=s ,clavig]a'  
is n[ 7#ahgb7 answ]+ ! same end3 :i* w  
relate to ! possible com=ts & :olesome  
laws1 ( famili> h\sehold life1 & ! %>e  
:i* a labor+ nation may atta9 9 ! skill1
 & ! treasures1 ( ! high] arts4  ,!     
lett]s are republi%$ z !y 7 writt51 )1  
"h & !re1 correction ( a phrase1 &      
omission ( "o or two passages ( m]ely   
p]sonal or tempor>y int]e/2 ! head+s    
only are add$1 9 ord] to give ! read] "s
 clue to ! g5]al aim ( necess>ily       
desultory discussion2 & ! portions (    
,mr4 ,dixon's lett]s 9 reply1 ref]r$ to 
9 ! text1 are add$ 9 ! ,app5dix1 & w be 
f\nd well des]v+ ( att5tion4    ,,d5m>k 
,,hill1       ,decemb] #ad1 #ahfg4      
,,"t ,,& ,,tide1  ,,by  ,,we>e ,,&      
,,tyne4     ,,lett] ,i4  ,,! ,,two      
,,k9ds ,,( ,,co-,,op]ation4--,,9 ,,its  
,,highe/ ,,s5se ,,x ,,is ,,n ,,yet      

,,?\ght ,,(4                            
,,d5m>k ,,hill1 ,febru>y #d1 #ahfg4     
,,my ,,de> ,,fri5d1  #a4 ,y h n[ ev]y?+ 
,i h yet publi%$ on political economy2 b
 !re are sev]al po9ts 9 ^! books ( m9e  
:i* ,i int5d$ to add notes to1 & x seems
 little likely ,i %all get t soon done4 
,s ,i ?9k ! be/ way ( mak+ up = ! want (
 ^! is to write y a few simple lett]s1  
:i* y c read to o!r p1 or s5d to be     
pr9t$1 if y l1 9 any ( y\r j\rnals :]e y
 ?9k !y may be useful4  ,i especially   
want y1 = "o ?+1 to und]/& ! s5se 9 :i* 
! ^w co-op]ation is us$ 9 my books4 ,y w
 f9d ,i am always plead+ = x2 & yet ,i  
don't at all mean ! co-op]ation (       
p>tn]%ip 7z oppos$ to ! sy/em ( wages7  
:i* is n[ s gradually ext5d+ itself     
among our great firms4 ,i am glad to see
 x do+ s1 yet n altoge!r glad3 = none ( 
y :o are engag$ 9 ! imm$iate /ruggle    
betwe5 ! sy/em ( co-op]ation & ! sy/em (
 ma/]%ip "k h[ mu* ! dispute involves2 &
 none ( u "k ! results to :i* x may     
f9ally lead4 ,= ! alt]native is n1 9    

reality1 only betwe5 two modes (        
conduct+ bus9ess--x is betwe5 two       
diff]5t /ates ( society4 ,x is n ! "q   
:e!r an am\nt ( wages1 no great] 9 ! end
 ?an t at pres5t receiv$ by ! m51 may be
 paid to !m 9 a way :i* %all give !m %>e
 9 ! risks & int]e/ 9 ! prosp]ity ( !   
bus9ess4 ,! "q is1 really1 :e!r ! pr(its
 :i* are at pres5t tak51 z 8 own "r1 by 
! p]son ^: capital1 or en]gy1 or +5uity1
 has made him head ( ! firm1 are n 9 "s 
proportion to be divid$ among !         
subord9ates ( x4  #b4 ,i d n wi%1 = !   
mom5t1 to ent] into any inquiry z to ! j
 claims ( capital1 or z to ! proportions
 9 :i* pr(its ought to be1 or are 9     
actually exi/+ firms1 divid$4 ,i m]ely  
take ! "o assur$ & ess5tial condition1 t
 a some:at l>g] income w be 9           
co-op]ative firms secur$ to !           
subord9ates1 by ! dim9ution ( ! income (
 ! *ief4 ,& ! g5]al t5d5cy ( su* a sy/em
 is to increase ! facilities (          
advancem5t among ! subord9ates2 to      
/imulate _! ambition2 to enable !m to   

lay by1 if !y are provid5t1 m ample & m 
e>ly provision = decl9+ ye>s2 & to =m 9 
! end a va/ class ( p]sons :olly diff]5t
 f ! exi/+ op]ative3--memb]s ( society1 
possess+ ea* a mod]ate compet5ce2 able  
to procure1 !re=e1 n inde$ _m ( !       
luxuries1 b all ! com=ts ( life2 & to   
devote "s leisure to ! atta9m5ts (      
lib]al education1 & to ! o!r objects (  
free life4 ,on ! o!r h&1 by ! exact sum 
:i* is divid$ among !m1 m ?an _! pres5t 
wages1 ! =tune ( ! man :o1 "u ! pres5t  
sy/em1 takes all ! pr(its ( ! bus9ess1 w
 be dim9i%$2 & ! acquirem5t ( l>ge      
private =tune by regul> means1 & all !  
conditions ( life belong+ to su* =tune1 
w be r5d]$ impossible 9 ! m]cantile     
community4  #c4 ,n[1 ! magnitude ( !    
social *ange h]eby involv$1 & !         
consequ5t diff]5ces 9 ! moral relations 
betwe5 individuals1 h n z yet be5 ?\ght 
(1--mu* less e/imat$1--by any ( y\r     
writ]s on comm]cial subjects2 & x is    
because ,i d n yet feel able to grapple 
) !m t ,i h left unt\*$1 9 ! books ,i   

s5d y1 ! "q ( co-op]ative labor4 ,:5 ,i 
use ! ^w co-op]ation1 x is n meant to   
ref] to ^! new con/itutions ( firms at  
all4 ,i use ! ^w 9 a f> wid] s5se1 z    
oppos$1 n to ma/]hood1 b to competition4
 ,i d n mean1 = in/ance1 by co-op]ation1
 t all ! ma/] bak]s 9 a t[n are to give 
a %>e ( _! pr(its to ! m5 :o g out ) !  
bread2 b t ! ma/]s are n to try to      
und]sell ea* o!r1 nor seek ea* to get ! 
o!r's bus9ess1 b are all to =m "o       
society1 sell+ to ! public "u a common  
law ( sev]e p5alty = unju/ deal+1 & at  
an e/abli%$ price4 ,i d n mean t all    
bank]s' cl]ks %\ld be p>tn]s 9 ! bank2 b
 ,i d mean t all bank]s %\ld be memb]s (
 a great national body1 answ]able z a   
society = all deposits2 & t ! private   
bus9ess ( speculat+ ) o!r p's money %\ld
 take ano!r "n ?an t ( bank+4 ,&1 = f9al
 in/ance1 ,i mean by co-op]ation n only 
fell[%ips betwe5 trad+ firms1 b betwe5  
trad+ nations2 s t x %all no m be ?\ght 
7z x is n[1 ) ludicr\s & va9 selfi%ness7
 an advantage = "o nation to und]sell   

ano!r2 & take its occupation away f x2 b
 t ! primal & et]nal law ( vital comm]ce
 %all be ( all m5 und]/ood--namely1 t e 
nation is fitt$ by its "*1 & ! nature ( 
its t]ritories1 = "s p>ticul> employm5ts
 or manufactures2 & t x is ! true int]e/
 ( e o!r nation to enc\rage x 9 su*     
speciality1 & by no means to int]f]e )1 
b 9 all ways =w>d & protect1 its ef=ts1 
ceas+ all rival%ip ) x1 s soon z x is   
/rong en\gh to occupy its prop] place4  
,y see1 !re=e1 t ! idea ( co-op]ation1 9
 ! s5se 9 :i* ,i employ x1 has h>dly yet
 ent]$ into ! m9ds ( political inquir]s2
 & ,i w n pursue x at pres5t2 b return  
to t sy/em :i* is beg9n+ to obta9 cr$5ce
 & practice among u4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 mu/ be
 9 a foll[+ lett]4     ,,lett] ,,ii4    
,,co-,,op]ation1 ,,z ,,hi!rto           
,,und]/ood1 ,,is ,,p]haps ,,n ,,exp$i5t4
                                        
,febru>y #d1 #ahfg4  #d4 ,limit+ !      
inquiry1 !n1 = ! pres5t1 z propos$ 9 !  
close ( my la/ lett]1 to ! =m (         
co-op]ation :i* is n[ ^u its trial 9    

practice1 ,i w\ld beg ( y to obs]ve t ! 
po9ts at issue1 9 ! comp>ison ( ?is     
sy/em ) t ( ma/]%ip1 are by no means    
hi!rto frankly /at$2 /ill less c !y z   
yet be fairly br\ght to te/4 ,= all     
ma/]%ip is n alike 9 pr9ciple2 !re are j
 & unju/ ma/]%ips2 & :ile1 on ! "o h&1  
!re c be no "q b t co-op]ation is bett] 
?an unju/ & tyrann\s ma/]%ip1 !re is v  
great room = d\bt :e!r x be bett] ?an a 
j & b5ignant ma/]%ip4  #e4 ,at pres5t   
y--e "o ( y--speak1 & act1 z if !re 7   
only "o alt]native2 namely1 betwe5 a    
sy/em 9 :i* pr(its %all be divid$ 9 due 
proportion among all2 & ! pres5t "o1 9  
:i* ! workman is paid ! lea/ wages he w 
take1 "u ! pressure ( competition 9 !   
labor-m>ket4 ,b an int]m$iate me?od is  
conceivable2 a me?od :i* appe>s to me m 
prud5t1 & 9 its ultimate results m j1   
?an ! co-op]ative "o4 ,an arrangem5t may
 be suppos$1 & ,i h good hope also may  
"o day be effect$1 by :i* e subord9ate  
%all be paid suffici5t & regul> wages1  
accord+ to 8 rank2 by :i* due provision 

%all be made out ( ! pr(its ( ! bus9ess 
= sick & sup]annuat$ work]s2 & by :i* ! 
ma/]1 be+ held responsible1 z a m9or k+ 
or gov]nor1 = ! conduct z well z ! com=t
 ( all ^? "u 8 rule1 %all1 on t         
condition1 be p]mitt$ to reta9 to 8 own 
use ! surplus pr(its ( ! bus9ess :i* !  
fact ( 8 be+ its ma/] may be assum$ to  
prove t he has organiz$ by sup]ior      
intellect & en]gy4 ,& ,i ?9k ?is        
pr9ciple ( regul> wage-pay+1 :e!r x be 9
 ! ab/ract m j1 or n1 is at all ev5ts ! 
m prud5t2 = ?is reason ma9ly1 t 9 spite 
( all ! cant :i* is cont9ually talk$ by 
cruel1 fooli%1 or design+ p]sons ab\t ! 
duty ( rema9+ cont5t 9 ! position 9 :i* 
,provid5ce has plac$ y1 !re is a root ( 
! v deepe/ & holie/ tru? 9 ! say+1 :i*  
gives to x su* p[] z x /ill reta9s1 ev5 
utt]$ by unk9d & unwise lips1 & receiv$ 
into d\btful & embitt]$ he>ts4  #f4 ,if1
 inde$1 no ef=t be made to discov]1 9 ! 
c\rse ( _! e>ly tra9+1 = :at s]vices !  
y\?s ( a nation are individually        
qualifi$2 nor any c>e tak5 to place ^?  

:o h unque/ionably prov$ _! fitness =   
c]ta9 functions1 9 ! (fices !y c\ld be/ 
fulfil1--!n1 to call ! confus$ wreck (  
social ord] & life br\ght ab\t by       
malici\s collision & competition1 an    
arrangem5t ( ,provid5ce1 is q "o ( ! mo/
 insol5t & wick$ ways 9 :i* x is        
possible to take ! "n ( ,god 9 va94 ,b  
if1 at ! prop] "t1 "s e>ne/ ef=t be made
 to place y\?s1 accord+ to _!           
capacities1 9 ! occupations = :i* !y are
 fitt$1 ,i ?9k ! sy/em ( organization w 
be f9ally f\nd ! be/1 :i* gives ! lea/  
enc\ragem5t to ?\ghts ( any great future
 advance 9 social life4  #g4 ,! heal?y  
s5se ( progress1 :i* is necess>y to !   
/r5g? & happ9ess ( m51 does n consi/ 9 !
 anxiety ( a /ruggle to atta9 high]     
place1 or rank1 b 9 gradually p]fect+ ! 
mann]1 & accompli%+ ! ends1 ( ! life :i*
 we h *os51 or :i* circum/ances h       
det]m9$ = u4 ,?us1 ,i ?9k ! object ( a  
workman's ambition %\ld n be to become a
 ma/]2 b to atta9 daily m subtle &      
exempl>y skill 9 8 own craft1 to save f 

8 wages en\gh to enri* & complete 8 home
 gradually ) m delicate & sub/antial    
com=ts2 & to lay by su* /ore z %all be  
suffici5t = ! happy ma9t5ance ( 8 old   
age 7r5d]+ him indep5d5t ( ! help       
provid$ = ! sick & indig5t by !         
arrangem5t pre-suppos$71 & suffici5t    
also = ! />t+ ( 8 *ildr5 9 a rank ( life
 equal to 8 own4 ,if 8 wages are n en\gh
 to enable him to d ?is1 !y are unju/ly 
l[2 if !y are once rais$ to ?is adequate
 /&>d1 ,i d n ?9k t by ! possible       
increase ( 8 ga9s "u cont+5cies ( trade1
 or by divisions ( pr(its ) 8 ma/]1 he  
%\ld be entic$ into fev]i% hope ( an    
entire *ange ( condition2 & z an almo/  
necess>y consequ5ce1 pass 8 days 9 an   
anxi\s discont5t ) imm$iate             
circum/ances1 & a com=tless scorn ( 8   
daily life1 = :i* no subsequ5t success  
c\ld indemnify him4 ,& ,i am ! m        
confid5t 9 ?is belief1 because1 ev5     
suppos+ a gradual rise 9 social rank    
possible = all well-conduct$ p]sons1 my 
exp]i5ce does n lead me to ?9k !        

elevation itself1 :5 atta9$1 w\ld be    
conducive to _! happ9ess4  #h4 ,! gr\nds
 ( ?is op9ion ,i w give y 9 a future    
lett]2 9 ! pres5t "o1 ,i mu/ pass to a m
 important po9t--namely1 t if ?is       
/ability ( condition be inde$ desirable 
= ^? 9 :om exi/+ circum/ances might seem
 to ju/ify discont5t1 mu* m mu/ x be    
good & desirable = ^? :o already possess
 ev]y?+ :i* c be conceiv$ necess>y to   
happ9ess4 ,x is ! m]e/ insol5ce (       
selfi%ness to prea* cont5tm5t to a      
labor] :o gets ?irty %ill+s a week1 :ile
 we suppose an active & plott+          
covet\sness to be m]itori\s 9 a man :o  
has ?ree ?\s& a ye>4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 all o!r
 po9ts ( m5tal discipl9e1 x is ! duty ( 
! upp] classes to set an example to !   
l[]2 & to recomm5d & ju/ify ! re/ra9t ( 
! ambition ( _! inf]iors1 *iefly by     
sev]e & timely limitation ( _! own4 ,&1 
)\t at pres5t inquir+ into ! great] or  
less conv5i5ce ( ! possible me?ods (    
accompli%+ su* an object1 7e detail 9   
sugge/ions ( ?is k9d necess>ily furni%+ 

sep>ate matt] ( dispute17 ,i w m]ely    
/ate my long-fix$ conviction1 t "o ( !  
mo/ important conditions ( a heal?ful   
sy/em ( social economy1 w\ld be !       
re/ra9t ( ! prop]ties & incomes ( ! upp]
 classes )9 c]ta9 fix$ limits4 ,!       
temptation to use e en]gy 9 !           
accumulation ( weal? be+ ?us remov$1    
ano!r1 & a high] ideal ( ! duties (     
advanc$ life w\ld be necess>ily creat$ 9
 ! national m9d2 by )drawal ( ^? :o _h  
atta9$ ! prescrib$ limits ( weal? f     
comm]cial competition1 e>li] worldly    
success1 & e>li] m>riage1 ) all its     
b5efic5t moral results1 w\ld become     
possible to ! "y2 :ile ! old] m5 (      
active intellect1 ^: sagacity is n[ lo/ 
or w>p$ 9 ! fur!rance ( _! own meane/   
int]e/s1 w\ld be induc$ unselfi%ly to   
occupy !mselves 9 ! sup]9t5d5ce ( public
 in/itutions1 or fur!rance ( public     
advantage4 ,& out ( ?is class x w\ld be 
f\nd natural & prud5t always to *oose ! 
memb]s ( ! legislative body ( !         
,commons2 & to atta* to ! ord] also "s  

peculi> honors1 9 ! possession ( :i* su*
 complac5cy w\ld be felt z w\ld m ?an   
replace ! unwor?y satisfaction ( be+    
suppos$ ri*] ?an o!rs1 :i* to _m m5 is !
 pr9cipal *>m ( _! weal?4 ,& al?\gh no  
law ( ?is purport w\ld ev] be impos$ on 
!mselves by ! actual upp] classes1 !re  
is no h9drance to its be+ gradually     
br\ght into =ce f b5ea?1 )\t any viol5t 
or impati5t proce$+s2 & ?is ,i w        
endeavor to %[ y 9 my next lett]4       
,,lett] ,,iii4  ,,( ,,true              
,,legislation4 ,,t ,,e ,,man ,,may ,,be 
,a ,,law ,,to ,,himself4                
,febru>y #ag1 #ahfg4  #i4 ,no1 ,i h n   
be5 mu* worse 9 heal?2 b ,i 0 ask$ by a 
fri5d to look ov] "s "w 9 :i* y w all be
 deeply int]e/$ "o day1 s t ,i c\ld n   
write aga9 till n[4 ,i 0 ! m sorry1     
because !re 7 sev]al ?+s ,i wi%$ to note
 9 y\r la/ lett]2 "o especially leads me
 directly to :at ,i 9 any case 0 desir\s
 ( urg+ ^u y4 ,y say1 ,9 vol4 #f? (     
',fr$]ick ! ,great' ,i f9d a great deal 
t ,i feel q c]ta91 if our ,que5 or      

,gov]nm5t c\ld make law1 ?\s&s ( our    
,engli% workm5 w\ld hail ) a %\t ( joy &
 gladness4 ,i d n rememb] to :at y      
especially allude1 b :atev] ! rules y   
speak ( may be1 unless !re be any?+ 9 !m
 contr>y to ! rights ( pres5t ,engli%   
prop]ty1 :y %\ld y c>e :e!r ! ,gov]nm5t 
makes !m law or n8 ,c y n1 y ?\s&s (    
,engli% workm51 simply make !m a law to 
y\rselves1 by practis+ !m8  ,x is n[ "s 
five or six ye>s s9ce ,i fir/ _h        
occasion to speak to ! memb]s ( !       
,london ,work+ ,m5's ,college on !      
subject ( ,re=m1 & ! sub/ance ( :at ,i  
said to !m 0 ?is3 ,y are all agape1 my  
fri5ds1 = ?is mighty privilege ( hav+   
y\r op9ions repres5t$ 9 ,p>liam5t4 ,!   
concession might be desirable1--at all  
ev5ts c\rte\s1--if only x 7 q c]ta9 y _h
 got any op9ions to repres5t4 ,b h y8   
,are y agre$ on any s+le ?+ y           
sy/ematically want8 ,less "w & m wages1 
( c\rse2 b h[ mu* less5+ ( "w d y       
suppose is possible8 ,d y ?9k ! "t w ev]
 come = ev]ybody to h no "w & all wages8

 ,or h y yet tak5 ! tr\ble s mu* z to   
?9k out ! nature ( ! true connection    
betwe5 wages & "w1 & to det]m9e1 ev5    
approximately1 ! real quantity ( ! "o1 t
 c1 accord+ to ! laws ( ,god & nature1  
be giv5 = ! o!r2 =1 rely on x1 make :at 
laws y l1 t quantity only c y at la/    
get4  #aj4 ,d y "k h[ _m m\?s c be f$ on
 an acre ( l&1 or h[ fa/ ^? m\?s        
multiply8 & h y consid]$ :at is to be   
done f9ally ) unfe$able m\?s8 ',s5d !m  
to be f$ else:]e1' d y say8 ,h y1 !n1   
=m$ any op9ion z to ! "t at :i*         
emigration %\ld beg91 or ! c\ntries to  
:i* x %\ld pref]ably take place1 or !   
k9d ( population :i* %\ld be left at    
home8 ,h y plann$ ! p]man5t /ate :i* y  
w\ld wi% ,engl& to hold1 emigrat+ ov] h]
 edges1 l a full well1 con/antly8 ,h[   
full w\ld y h h] be ( p1 fir/8 & ( :at  
sort ( p8 ,d y want h] to be no?+ b a   
l>ge work%op & =ge1 s t ! "n (          
',engli%man' %all be synonym\s )        
'ironmong]1' all ov] ! _w8 or w\ld y l  
to keep "s ( y\r lords & l&$ g5try /ill1

 & a few gre5 fields & trees8  #aa4 ,y  
"k well en\gh t !re is n "o ( ^!        
que/ions1 ,i d n say :i* y c answ]1 b   
:i* y h ev] ?\ght ( answ]+2 & yet y want
 to h voices 9 ,p>liam5t6 ,y\r voices   
are n wor? a rat's squeak1 ei!r 9       
,p>liam5t or out ( x1 till y h "s ideas 
to utt] ) !m2 & :5 y h ! ?\ghts1 y w n  
want to utt] !m1 = y w see t y\r way to 
! fulfill+ ( !m does n lie ?r\gh spee*4 
,y ?9k su* matt]s ne$ debat+ ab\t8 ,by  
all means debate ab\t !m2 b debate among
 y\rselves1 & ) su* hone/ help]s ( y\r  
?\ghts z y c f9d2 if by t way y _c get  
at ! tru?1 d y suppose y c\ld get at x  
soon] 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 :]e ! only  
aim ( _m ( ! memb]s w\ld be to refute e 
^w utt]$ 9 y\r favor2 & :]e ! settlem5t 
( any "q :atev] dep5ds m]ely on !       
p]turbations ( ! balance ( conflict+    
int]e/s8  #ab4 ,t 01 9 ma9 p>ticul>s1   
:at ,i !n said to ! m5 ( ! ,work+ ,m5's 
,college2 & 9 ?is recurr5t agitation    
ab\t ,re=m1 t is :at ,i w\ld /eadfa/ly  
say aga94 ,d y ?9k x is only "u !       

lacqu]$ spl5dors ( ,we/m9/]1--y work+ m5
 ( ,engl&1--t y\r affairs c be          
rationally talk$ ov]8 ,y h p]fect lib]ty
 & p[] to talk ov]1 & e/abli% =         
y\rselves1 :atev] laws y please2 s long 
z y d n int]f]e ) o!r p's lib]ties or   
prop]ties4 ,elect a p>liam5t ( y\r own4 
,*oose ! be/ m5 among y1 ! be/ at lea/ y
 c f9d1 by :atev] sy/em ( election y ?9k
 likelie/ to secure su* desirable       
result4 ,invite tru/wor?y p]sons ( o!r  
classes to jo9 y\r c\ncil2 appo9t "t &  
place = its /at$ sitt+s1 & let ?is      
p>liam5t1 *os5 aft] y\r own he>ts1      
delib]ate ^u ! possible modes ( !       
regulation ( indu/ry1 & advisable/      
s*emes = helpful discipl9e ( life2 & s  
lay be=e y ! be/ laws !y c devise1 :i*  
su* ( y z 7 wise might submit to1 & tea*
 _! *ildr5 to obey4 ,& if any ( ! laws  
?us det]m9$ appe> to be inconsi/5t ) !  
pres5t circum/ances or cu/oms ( trade1 d
 n make a noise ab\t !m1 nor try to     
en=ce !m sudd5ly on o!rs1 nor embroid]  
!m on flags1 nor call meet+s 9 p>ks ab\t

 !m1 9 spite ( rail+s & police2 b keep  
!m 9 y\r ?\ghts & sight1 z objects (    
pati5t purpose & future a*ievem5t by    
peaceful /r5g?4  #ac4 ,= y ne$ n ?9k t  
ev5 if y obta9$ a majority (            
repres5tatives 9 ! exi/+ p>liam5t1 y    
c\ld imm$iately compel any sy/em (      
bus9ess1 broadly contr>y to t n[        
e/abli%$ by cu/om4 ,if y c\ld pass laws 
to-morr[1 :olly favorable to y\rselves1 
z y might ?9k1 because unfavorable to   
y\r ma/]s1 & to ! upp] classes (        
society1--! only result w\ld be t !     
ri*es ( ! c\ntry w\ld at once leave x1 &
 y w\ld p]i% 9 riot & fam9e4 ,be assur$ 
t no great *ange = ! bett] c ev] be     
easily accompli%$1 or quickly2 nor by   
impulsive1 ill-regulat$ ef=t1 nor by bad
 m52 nor ev5 by good m51 )\t mu* suff]+4
 ,! suff]+ mu/1 inde$1 come1 "o way or  
ano!r1 9 all greatly critical p]iods2 ! 
only "q1 = u1 is :e!r we w rea* our ends
 7if we ev] rea* !m7 ?r\gh a *a9 (      
involunt>y mis]ies1 _m ( !m useless1 &  
all ignoble2 or :e!r we w "k ! wor/ at  

once1 & deal ) x by ! wisely %>p me?ods 
( ,godsp$ c\rage4  #ad4 ,?is1 ,i repeat 
to y1 x is :olly 9 y\r own p[] to d1 b x
 is 9 y\r p[] on "o condition only1 t ( 
/eadfa/ tru? to y\rselves1 & to all m54 
,if !re is n1 9 ! sum ( x1 hone/y en\gh 
among y to tea* y to frame1 & /r5g!n y  
to obey1 j laws ( trade1 !re is no hope 
left = y4 ,no political con/itution c   
ennoble knaves2 no privileges c assi/   
!m2 no possessions enri* !m4 ,_! ga9s   
are occult curses2 com=tless loss _!    
true/ bless+2 failure & pa9 ,nature's   
only m]cy to !m4 ,look to x1 !re=e1 fir/
 t y get "s :olesome hone/y = !         
f\ndation ( all ?+s4 ,)\t ! resolution 9
 y\r he>ts to d good "w1 s long z y\r "r
 h&s h motion 9 !m2 & to d x :e!r !     
issue be t y die or live1 no life wor?y 
! "n w ev] be possible to y1 :ile1 9    
once =m+ ! resolution t y\r "w is to be 
well done1 life is really won1 "h & =   
ev]4 ,& to make y\r *ildr5 capable ( su*
 resolution1 is ! beg9n+ ( all true     
education1 ( :i* ,i h m to say 9 a      

future lett]4     ,,lett] ,,iv4  ,,!    
,,exp5ses ,,= ,,art ,,& ,,= ,,w>4       
,febru>y #ai1 #ahfg4  #ae4 ,9 ! ',pall  
,mall ,gazette' ( ye/]day1 second column
 ( second page1 y w f9d1 close to ea*   
o!r1 two s5t5ces :i* be> closely on     
matt]s 9 h&4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is ! /atem5t1 
t 9 ! debate on ! grant = ! ,blacas     
collection1 ,mr4 ,b]nal ,osborne got an 
ass5t+ *e]1 :5 he said t ':5ev] sci5ce &
 art 7 m5tion$ x 0 a sign to look aft] !
 national pockets4' ,i want y to notice 
?is fact1 i4 e41 7! debate 9 "q be+ on a
 total grant ( #afd1jjjl41 ( :i*        
#dh1jjjl4 only 7 truly = art's sake1 & !
 re/ = %op's sake17 9 illu/ration ( a   
passage 9 my ',sesame & ,lilies' 7pp4   
#fi1 #gj ( ! small edition1 & pp4 #df1  
#dg ( ,vol4 ,i4 ( ! ,revis$ ,s]ies ( !  
,entire ,works71,a to :i* ,i %all h aga9
 to ref] y1 ) "s fur!r comm5ts1 9 !     
sequel ( ^! lett]s4 ,! second passage is
 to ! effect t ,! ,trades' ,union ,bill 
0 read a second "t1 aft] a claim f ,mr4 
,hadfield1 ,mr4 ,osborne1 & ,mr4        

,samuelson1 to admit work+ m5 into !    
commission2 to :i* ,mr4 ,watk9 answ]$ 't
 ! work+ m5's fri5d 0 too conspicu\s 9 !
 body2' & ,mr4 ,roebuck1 't :5 a but*] 0
 tri$ = murd] x 0 n necess>y to h but*]s
 on ! jury4'      ,a ,app5dix ,i4  #af4 
,note ?is second passage ) respect to   
:at ,i said 9 my la/ lett]1 z to !      
impossibility ( ! laws ( "w be+         
inve/igat$ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,:at   
admixture ( elem5ts1 ?9k y1 w\ld avail  
to obta9 s mu* z dec5t he>+ 7h[ %\ld we 
!n speak ( imp>tial judgm5t87 ( ! cause 
( work+ m51 9 an assembly :i* p]mits to 
"o ( its pr9cipal memb]s ?is insol5t    
disc\rtesy ( language1 9 deal+ ) a      
prelim9>y "q ( ! highe/ importance2 &   
p]mits x z s f> expressive ( ! :ole     
color & tone ( its own ?\ghts1 t !      
s5t5ce is quot$ by "o ( ! mo/ temp]ate &
 accurate ( our daily j\rnals1 z        
repres5t+ ! total answ] ( ! opposite    
side 9 ! debate8 ,no6 be assur$ y c d   
no?+ yet at ,we/m9/]4 ,y mu/ h y\r own  
p>liam5t1 & if y _c detect en\gh hone/y 

among y to con/itute a ju/ly m9d$ "o1 = 
! pres5t matt]s mu/ take _! c\rse1 & t w
 be1 yet a:ile1 to ! worse4  #ag4 ,i    
meant to h cont9u$ ?is subject1 b ,i see
 two o!r /atem5ts 9 ! ',pall ,mall      
,gazette' ( to-day1 ) :i*1 & a s+le     
rem>k ^u !m1 ,i ?9k x w be well to close
 my pres5t lett]4  7#a7 ,! total sum    
ask$ = 9 ! army e/imates1 publi%$ ?is   
morn+1 is #ad1geb1bjjl41 be+ an increase
 ( #dab1jjjl4 ov] ! previ\s ye>4  7#b7  
,ye/]day ! annual acc\nt ( ! navy       
receipts & exp5diture = ! ye> end+ #ca/ 
,m>*1 #ahff1 0 issu$ f ! ,admiralty4 ,! 
exp5diture 0 #aj1bfh1aael4 #gs4  ,omitt+
 ! sev5 %ill+s1 & ev5 ! odd hundr$-?\s&s
 ( p\nds1 ! net annual exp5diture = army
 & navy appe>s to be tw5ty-f\r millions4
  ,! grant 9 sci5ce & art1 two-?irds (  
:i* 0 n 9 reality = ei!r1 b = amusem5t &
 %op int]e/s 9 ! ,p>is ,exhibition--!   
grant :i* ! ,h\se ( ,commons feels to be
 indicative ( g5]al dang] to ! national 
pockets--is1 z above /at$1 #afd1jjjl4   
,n[1 ,i believe ! ?ree additional ciph]s

 :i* turn ?\s&s into millions produce on
 ! intellig5t ,engli% m9d usually !     
effect (--?ree ciph]s4 ,b calculate !   
proportion ( ^! two sums1 & !n imag9e to
 y\rself ! beautiful /ate ( rationality 
( any private g5tleman1 :o1 hav+        
regretfully sp5t #afdl4 on pictures = 8 
walls1 paid will+ly #bd1jjjl4 annually  
to ! policeman :o look$ aft] 8 %utt]s6  
,y practical ,engli%6--w y ev] unb> !   
%utt]s ( y\r bra9s1 & hang a picture or 
two 9 ^? /ate-*amb]s8     ,,lett] ,v4   
,,! ,,corruption ,,( ,,mod]n            
,,pleasure4--7,,cov5t ,,g>d5            
,,pantomime47                           
,febru>y #be1 #ahfg4  #ah4 ,!re is ?is  
great advantage 9 ! writ+ real lett]s1 t
 ! direct correspond5ce is a suffici5t  
reason = say+1 9 or out ( ord]1 ev]y?+ t
 ! *ances ( ! day br+ into "o's head1 9 
connection ) ! matt] 9 h&2 & z su* ?+s v
 usually g out ( "o's head aga91 aft] !y
 get tir$ ( _! lodg+1 !y w\ld o!rwise   
nev] get said at all4 ,& ?us to-day1 q  
out ( ord]1 b 9 v close connection )    

ano!r "p ( our subject1 ,i am go+ to    
tell y :at ,i 0 ?9k+ on ,friday ev5+    
la/1 9 ,cov5t ,g>d5 ,!at]1 z ,i 0 look+1
 & n laugh+1 at ! pantomime ( ',ali     
,baba & ! ,=ty ,?ieves4'  ,:5 y beg9    
s]i\sly to consid] ! "q ref]r$ to 9 my  
second lett]1 ( ! ess5tial1 & 9 !       
outcome inviolable1 connection betwe5   
quantity ( wages1 & quantity ( "w1 y w  
see t wages 9 ! full s5se don't mean pay
 m]ely1 b ! rew>d1 :atev] x may be1 (   
pleasure z well z pr(it1 & ( v>i\s o!r  
advantages1 :i* a man is meant by       
,provid5ce to get dur+ life1 = "w well  
done4 ,ev5 limit+ ! idea to pay1 ! "q is
 n s mu* :at quantity ( co9 y get1      
z--:at y c get = x :5 y h x4 ,:e!r a    
%ill+ a day be good pay or n1 dep5ds    
:olly on :at a %ill+'s wor? is2 t is to 
say1 :at quantity ( ! ?+s y want may be 
_h = a %ill+4 ,& t aga9 dep5ds1 & a     
great deal m ?an t dep5ds1 on :at y d   
want4 ,if only dr9k1 & f\l clo!s1 su* & 
su* pay may be en\gh = y2 if y want good
 meat & good clo!s1 y mu/ h l>g] wage2  

if clean rooms & fre% air1 l>g] /ill1 & 
s on4 ,y say1 p]haps1 e "o wants ^!     
bett] ?+s4 ,s f> f t1 a :olesome ta/e = 
cleanl9ess & fre% air is "o ( ! f9al    
atta9m5ts ( humanity4 ,!re are n[ n _m  
,european g5tlem51 ev5 9 ! highe/       
classes1 :o h a pure & "r love ( fre%   
air4 ,!y w\ld put ! fil? ( tobacco ev5  
into ! fir/ breeze ( a ,may morn+4  #ai4
 ,b !re are bett] ?+s ev5 ?an ^!1 :i* "o
 may want4 ,grant t "o has good food1   
clo!s1 lodg+1 & brea?+1 is t all ! pay  
"o ought to h = "o's "w8 ,:olesome means
 ( exi/5ce & no?+ m8 ,en\gh1 p]haps1 y  
?9k1 if ev]ybody c\ld get ^!4 ,x may be 
s2 ,i w n1 at ?is mom5t1 dispute x2     
nev]!less1 ,i w boldly say t y %\ld     
sometimes want m ?an ^!2 & = "o ( _m ?+s
 m1 y %\ld want occasionally to be      
amus$6  ,y "k1 ! upp] classes1 mo/ ( !m1
 want to be amus$ all day long4 ,!y ?9k 
,"o mom5t unamus$ a mis]y   ,n made =   
feeble m54  ,p]haps y h be5 9 ! habit ( 
despis+ !m = ?is2 & ?9k+ h[ mu* wor?i] &
 nobl] x 0 to "w all day1 & c>e at night

 only = food & re/1 ?an to d no useful  
?+ all day1 eat une>n$ food1 & sp5d !   
ev5+1 z ! morn+1 9 *ange ( follies &    
relays ( joy4 ,no1 my good fri5d1 t is  
"o ( ! fatale/ deceptions4 ,x is n a    
noble ?+1 9 sum & issue ( x1 n to c>e to
 be amus$4 ,x is inde$ a f> high] moral 
/ate1 b is a mu* l[] creature /ate1 ?an 
t ( ! upp] classes4  #bj4 ,yond] poor   
horse1 calm slave 9 daily *a9s at !     
railroad sid+1 :o drags ! deta*$ re> ( !
 tra9 to ! front aga91 & slips aside s  
deftly z ! buff]s meet2 &1 )9 eighte5   
in*es ( dea? e t5 m9utes1 fulfils 8     
*angeless duty all day long1 cont5t1 =  
et]nal rew>d1 ) 8 night's re/1 & 8 *amp$
 m\?ful ( hay2--any?+ m e>ne/ly moral & 
beautiful "o _c image--,i nev] see !    
creature )\t a k9d ( wor%ip4 ,& yond]   
musician1 :o us$ ! greate/ p[] :i* 79 ! 
art he knew7 ! ,fa!r ( spirits ev] yet  
brea!d into ! clay ( ?is _w2--:o us$ x1 
,i say1 to foll[ & fit ) p]fect s\nd !  
words ( ! ',zaub]flte' & ( ',don        
,giovanni'--fooli%e/ & mo/ mon/r\s (    

conceivable human words & subjects (    
?\ght--= ! future amusem5t ( 8          
race6--,no su* spectacle ( unconsci\s 7&
 9 t unconsci\sness all ! m fe>ful7     
moral degradation ( ! highe/ faculty to 
! l[e/ purpose c be f\nd 9 hi/ory4 ,b   
,moz>t is nev]!less a nobl] creature ?an
 ! horse at ! sid+2 nor w\ld x be ! lea/
 ne>] ! purpose ( 8 ,mak] t he1 & all 8 
frivol\s audi5ces1 %\ld evade !         
degradation ( ! pr(itless pip+1 only by 
liv+1 l horses1 9 daily physical labor =
 daily bread4  #ba4 ,!re are ?ree ?+s to
 :i* man is born,a--labor1 & sorr[1 &   
joy4 ,ea* ( ^! ?ree ?+s has its bas5ess 
& its nobl5ess4 ,!re is base labor1 &   
noble labor4 ,!re is base sorr[1 & noble
 sorr[4 ,!re is base joy1 & noble joy4  
,b y mu/ n ?9k to avoid ! corruption (  
^! ?+s by do+ )\t ! ?+s !mselves4 ,nor c
 any life be "r t has n all ?ree4 ,labor
 )\t joy is base4 ,labor )\t sorr[ is   
base4 ,sorr[ )\t labor is base4 ,joy )\t
 labor is base4      ,a ,i ask ! read]'s
 ?\ghtful att5tion to ?is     p>agraph1 

on :i* mu* ( :at else ,i h to say       
dep5ds4  #bb4 ,i d>e say y ?9k ,i am a  
long "t 9 com+ to ! pantomime2 ,i am n  
ready to come to x yet 9 due c\rse1 = we
 ought to g & see ! ,japanese juggl]s   
fir/1 9 ord] to let me fully expla9 to y
 :at ,i mean4 ,b ,i c't write mu* m     
to-day2 s ,i %all m]ely tell y :at "p ( 
! play set me ?9k+ ( all ?is1 & leave y 
to consid] ( x y\rself1 till ,i c s5d y 
ano!r lett]4 ,! pantomime 01 z ,i said1 
',ali ,baba & ! ,=ty ,?ieves4' ,! =ty   
?ieves 7 girls4 ,! =ty ?ieves _h =ty    
companions1 :o 7 girls4 ,! =ty ?ieves & 
_! =ty companions 7 9 "s way mix$ up )  
ab\t f\r hundr$ & =ty fairies1 :o 7     
girls4 ,!re 0 an ,ox=d & ,cambridge     
boat-race1 9 :i* ! ,ox=d & ,cambridge m5
 7 girls4 ,!re 0 a trans=mation sc5e1 ) 
a =e/1 9 :i* ! fl[]s 7 girls1 & a       
*&eli]1 9 :i* ! lamps 7 girls1 & a great
 ra9b[ :i* 0 all ( girls4  #bc4 ,m+l$   
incongru\sly ) ^! s]aphic1 &1 z f> z my 
boyi% exp]i5ce ext5ds1 novel1 elem5ts ( 
pantomime1 !re 7 yet "s ( its old &     

fa/-expir+ elem5ts4 ,!re 71 9           
speciality1 two ?or\ghly good pantomime 
actors--,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,payne & ,mr4      
,fr$]ick ,payne4 ,all t ^! two did1 0   
done admirably4 ,!re 7 two subord9ate   
actors1 :o play$1 subord9ately well1 !  
=e & h9d legs ( a donkey4 ,& !re 0 a    
little actress ( :om ,i h *iefly to     
speak1 :o play$ exquisitely ! little "p 
%e _h to play4 ,! sc5e 9 :i* %e appe>$ 0
 ! only "o 9 ! :ole pantomime 9 :i* !re 
0 any dramatic ef=t1 or1 ) a few r>e    
exceptions1 any dramatic possibility4 ,x
 0 ! home sc5e1 9 :i* ,ali ,baba's wife1
 on wa%+ day1 is call$ ^u by but*]1     
bak]1 & milkman1 ) unpaid bills2 & 9 !  
extremity ( h] di/ress he>s h] husb&'s  
knock at ! door1 & op5s x = him to drive
 9 8 donkey1 lad5 ) gold4 ,! *ildr5 :o h
 be5 beat5 in/ead ( gett+ breakfa/1     
pres5tly %>e 9 ! raptures ( _! fa!r &   
"m2 & ! little lady ,i spoke (1 eight or
 n9e ye>s old1--dances a pas-de-deux ) !
 donkey4  #bd4 ,%e did x beautifully &  
simply1 z a *ild ought to dance4 ,%e 0 n

 an infant prodigy2 !re 0 no evid5ce1 9 
! f9i% or /r5g? ( h] motion1 t %e _h be5
 put to cont9ual torture ?r\gh half h]  
eight or n9e ye>s4 ,%e did no?+ m ?an   
any *ild well taught1 b pa9lessly1 might
 easily d4 ,%e c>icatur$ no old]        
p]son1--attempt$ no curi\s or fanta/ic  
skill4 ,%e 0 dress$ dec5tly1--%e mov$   
dec5tly1--%e look$ & behav$             
innoc5tly1--& %e danc$ h] joyful dance )
 p]fect grace1 _s1 sweetness1 &         
self-=getfulness4 ,& ?r\gh all ! va/    
!at]1 full ( ,engli% fa!rs & mo!rs &    
*ildr51 !re 0 n "o h& lift$ to give h]  
sign ( praise b m9e4  ,pres5tly aft]    
?is1 came on ! =ty ?ieves1 :o1 z ,i told
 y1 7 girls2 &1 !re be+ no ?iev+ to be  
pres5tly done1 & "t hang+ heavy on _!   
h&s1 arms1 & legs1 ! =ty ?ief-girls     
proce$$ to light =ty cig>s4 ,:]eupon !  
,briti% public gave !m a r\nd (         
applause4 ,:]eupon ,i fell a ?9k+2 & saw
 little m ( ! piece1 except z an ugly & 
di/urb+ dream4     ,,lett] ,,vi4  ,,!   
,,corruption ,,( ,,mod]n                

,,pleasure4--7,,! ,,japanese ,,juggl]s47
                                        
,febru>y #bh1 #ahfg4  #be4 ,i h y\r     
pleasant lett] ) ref]5ces to ,fr$]ick4  
,i w look at !m c>efully4,a ,mr4 ,c>lyle
 himself w be pleas$ to he> ?is lett] :5
 he comes home4 ,i he>d f him la/ week  
at ,m5tone4 ,he is well1 & glad ( !     
light & calm ( ,italy4 ,i mu/ get back  
to ! evil light & uncalm1 ( ! places ,i 
0 tak+ y ?r\gh4      ,a ,app5dix #b4    
7,p>5!tically1 did y see ! article 9 !  
',times' ( ye/]day on brib]y1 & !       
conclusion ( ! commission--,no "o sold  
any op9ions1 = no "o _h any op9ions to  
sell87  ,bo? on ,?ursday & ,friday la/  
,i _h be5 torm5t$ by _m ?+s1 & want$ to 
di/urb my c\rse ( ?\ght any way ,i c\ld4
 ,i h told y :at ent]ta9m5t ,i got on   
,friday1 fir/1 = x 0 !n t ,i began      
m$itat+ ov] ^! lett]s2 let me tell y n[ 
:at ent]ta9m5t ,i f\nd on ,?ursday4     
#bf4 ,y may h he>d t a company (        
,japanese juggl]s has come ov] to       
exhibit 9 ,london4 ,!re has long be5 an 

increas+ int]e/ 9 ,japanese art1 :i* has
 be5 v h>mful to _m ( our own pa9t]s1 & 
,i greatly desir$ to see :at ^! p 71 &  
:at !y did4 ,well1 ,i h se5 ,blond91 &  
v>i\s ,engli% & ,fr5* circus "w1 b nev] 
yet any?+ t surpris$ me s mu* z "o ( ^! 
m5's ex]cises on a susp5d$ pole4 ,its   
special "* 0 a close approximation to ! 
action & p[] ( ! monkey2 ev5 to !       
preh5sile p[] 9 ! foot2 s t ,i ask$ a   
sculptor-fri5d :o sat 9 front ( me1 :e!r
 he ?\ght su* a grasp c\ld be acquir$ by
 practice1 or indicat$ diff]5ce 9 race4 
,he said he ?\ght x might be got by     
practice4 ,!re 0 also mu* inconceivably 
dext]\s "w 9 sp9n+ ( tops1--mak+ !m pass
 9 balanc$ motion along ! edge ( a      
sword1 & along a level /r+1 & ! l2--!   
fa!r p]=m+ 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 two *ildr51  
:o enc\rag$ him cont9ually ) %ort1 %>p  
cries1 l ^? ( animals4 ,!n !re 0 "s     
fairly good sleight-(-h& juggl+ ( little
 int]e/2 end+ ) a dance by ! juggl]1    
fir/ z an animal1 & !n z a gobl91 ,n[1  
!re 0 ?is great diff]5ce betwe5 !       

,japanese masks us$ 9 ?is dance & our   
common pantomime masks = bea/s &        
demons1--t our ,engli% masks are only   
/upidly & loa?somely ugly1 by           
exagg]ation ( feature1 or ( defect (    
feature4 ,b ! ,japanese masks 7l !      
frequ5t mon/]s ( ,japanese art7 7       
inv5tively frightful1 l fe>ful dreams2 &
 :atev] p[] x is t acts on human m9ds1  
enabl+ !m to inv5t su*1 appe>s to me n  
only to des]ve ! t]m demoniacal1 z !    
only ^w expressive ( its "*2 b to be    
logically capable ( no o!r def9ition4   
#bg4 ,! impression1 !re=e1 produc$ ^u me
 by ! :ole sc5e1 0 t ( be+ 9 ! pres5ce (
 human creatures ( a p>tially inf]ior   
race1 b n )\t great human g5tl5ess1     
dome/ic affection1 & +5i\s intellect2 :o
 71 nev]!less1 z a nation1 afflict$ by  
an evil _s1 & driv5 by x to recreate    
!mselves 9 a*iev+1 or behold+ !         
a*ievem5t1 ?r\gh ye>s ( pati5ce1 ( a    
c]ta9 correspond5ce ) ! nature ( ! l[]  
animals4  #bh4 ,^!1 !n1 7 ! two =ms (   
div]sion or recreation ( my m9d possible

 to me1 9 two days1 :5 ,i ne$$ su* help1
 9 ?is metropolis ( ,engl&4 ,i might1 z 
a ri* man1 h _h bett] music1 if ,i _h s 
*os51 ?\gh1 ev5 s1 n rational or        
helpful2 b a poor man c\ld only h ^!1 or
 worse ?an ^!1 if he c>$ = any mann] (  
spectacle4 7,i am n at pres5t1 obs]ve1  
speak+ ( pure act+1 :i* is a /udy1 &    
recreative only z a noble book is2 b (  
means ( m]e amusem5t47  ,n[1 la/ly1 9   
illu/ration ( ! effect ( ^! & o!r su*   
amusem5ts1 & ( ! desire to obta9 !m1 on 
! m9ds ( our y\?1 read ! ',times'       
correspond5t's lett] f ,p>is1 9 ! t5?   
page ( ! pap]1 to-day2,a & t w be q     
en\gh = y to read1 = ! pres5t1 ,i       
believe4      ,a ,app5dix #c4           
,,lett] ,,vii4  ,,( ,,! ,,v>i\s         
,,expressions ,,( ,,national ,,fe/ivity4
                                        
,m>* #d1 #ahfg4  #bi4 ,! subject :i* ,i 
want to br+ be=e y is n[ bran*$1 & worse
 ?an bran*$1 reticulat$1 9 s _m         
directions1 t ,i h>dly "k :i* %oot ( x  
to trace1 or :i* knot to lay hold (     

fir/4  ,i _h int5d$ to return to ^?     
,japanese juggl]s1 aft] a visit to a    
!at] 9 ,p>is2 b ,i _h bett]1 p]haps1 at 
once tell y ! piece ( ! p]=mance :i*1 9 
connection ) ! sc5e 9 ! ,engli%         
pantomime1 be>s mo/ on matt]s 9 h&4  ,x 
0 also a dance by a little girl--?\gh "o
 old] ?an ,ali ,baba's daught]1 7,i     
suppose a girl ( twelve or f\rte574 ,a  
dance1 s call$1 :i* consi/$ only 9 a    
s]ies ( %ort1 %>p contractions & j]ks ( 
! body & limbs1 result+ 9 attitudes (   
di/ort$ & qua9t ugl9ess1 su* z might be 
produc$ 9 a puppet by %>p twit*+ ( /r+s 
at its jo9ts3 ^! movem5ts be+ made to ! 
s\nd ( two in/rum5ts1 :i* betwe5 !m     
accompli%$ only a quick vibratory beat+ 
& /rumm+1 9 ne>ly ! "t ( a              
he>?-cricket's song1 b mu* h>%]1 & (    
c\rse l\d]1 & )\t any sweetness2 only 9 
! monotony & un9t5d$ aimless con/ruction
 ( x1 rem9d+ "o ( v>i\s o!r insect &    
reptile cries or w>n+s3 p>tly ( !       
cicala's hiss2 p>tly ( ! little         
melan*oly ,g]man frog :i* says ,mu1 mu1 

mu1 all summ]-day long1 ) its nose out (
 ! pools by ,dresd5 & ,leipsic2 & p>tly 
( ! dead5$ quiv]+ & int5se cont9u\sness 
( ! al>m ( ! rattlesnake4  ,:ile ?is 0  
go+ on1 !re 0 a ,bible text repeat+     
itself ov] & ov] aga9 9 my head1 :e!r ,i
 w\ld or no3--,& ,miriam ! prophetess1 !
 si/] ( ,a>on1 took a timbrel 9 h] h&1 &
 all ! wom5 w5t out aft] h] ) timbrels &
 ) dances4 ,to :i* text & "s o!rs1 ,i   
%all ask y\r att5tion pres5tly2 b ,i mu/
 g to ,p>is fir/4  #cj4 ,n at once1     
h[ev]1 to ! !at]1 b to a booksell]'s    
%op1 ,no4 #d1 ,rue ,voltaire1 :]e1 9 !  
ye> #aheh1 0 publi%$ ! fif? edition (   
,balzac's ',contes ,drlatiques1'        
illu/rat$ by #dbe designs by ,gu/ave    
,dor4  ,bo? text & illu/rations are z   
p[]ful z x is ev] 9 ! nature ( evil ?+s 
to be 7!re is no f9al /r5g? b 9         
rightness74 ,no?+ m witty1 nor m        
inv5tively horrible1 has yet be5 produc$
 9 ! evil lit]ature1 or by ! evil art1 (
 man3 nor c ,i conceive x possible to g 
beyond ei!r 9 _! specialities (         

corruption4 ,! text is full (           
blasphemies1 subtle1 trem5d\s1 hide\s 9 
%amelessness1 "s put into ! m\?s (      
prie/s2 ! illu/rations are1 9 a ^w1 "o  
cont9u\s revelry 9 ! mo/ loa?some &     
mon/r\s aspects ( dea? & s91 enl>g$ into
 fanta/ic gha/l9ess ( c>icature1 z if   
se5 ?r\gh ! di/ortion & trembl+ ( ! hot 
smoke ( ! m\? ( hell4 ,take ?is foll[+ =
 a g5]al type ( :at !y seek 9 dea?3 "o (
 ! mo/ labor$ designs is ( a man cut 9  
two1 d[nw>ds1 by ! sweep ( a sword--"o  
half ( him falls t[>d ! spectator2 ! o!r
 half is elaborately drawn 9 its        
section--giv+ ! pr(ile ( ! divid$ nose &
 lips2 cleft jaw--brea/--& entrails2 &  
?is is done ) f>!r pollution & horror ( 
int5t 9 ! circum/ances1 :i* ,i d n *oose
 to describe--/ill less "s o!r ( !      
designs :i* seek = fanta/ic extreme (   
s91 z ?is = ! utmo/ horror ( dea?4 ,b ( 
all ! #dbe1 !re is n "o1 :i* does n     
violate e in/9ct ( dec5cy & law ( virtue
 or life1 writt5 9 ! human s\l4  #ca4   
,n[1 my fri5d1 among ! _m ,signs ( !    

,times ! production ( a book l ?is is a 
significant "o3 b x becomes m           
significant /ill :5 connect$ ) ! f>!r   
fact1 t ,m4 ,gu/ave ,dor1 ! design] (   
?is s]ies ( plates1 has j be5 receiv$ ) 
l\d acclaim by ! ,briti% ,evangelical   
,public1 z ! fitte/ & mo/ able p]son :om
 !y c\ld at pres5t f9d to illu/rate1 to 
_! m9ds1 & recomm5d ) grace ( sacr$ art1
 _! hi!rto unadorn$ ,bible = !m4  ,( :i*
 ,bible1 & ( ! use we at pres5t make ( x
 9 ,engl&1 hav+ a grave ^w or two to say
 9 my next lett] 7prep>atory to !       
exam9ation ( t v]se :i* haunt$ me ?r\gh 
! ,japanese juggl+1 & ( "s o!rs also71  
,i leave y fir/ ?is sign ( ! public     
e/eem ( x to consid] at y\r leisure4    
,,lett] ,,viii4  ,,! ,,f\r ,,possible   
,,!ories ,,respect+ ,,! ,,au?ority ,,(  
,,! ,,bible4                            
,m>* #g1 #ahfg4  #cb4 ,i h y\r ye/]day's
 lett]1 b mu/ n all[ myself to be div]t$
 f ! bus9ess 9 h& = ?is once1 = x is !  
mo/ important ( :i* ,i h to write to y4 
,y mu/ h se5 long ago t ! ess5tial      

diff]5ce betwe5 ! political economy ,i  
am try+ to tea*1 & ! popul> sci5ce1 is1 
t m9e is bas$ on presumably atta9able   
hone/y 9 m51 & conceivable respect 9 !m 
= ! int]e/s ( o!rs1 :ile ! popul> sci5ce
 f\nds itself :olly on _! suppos$       
con/ant reg>d = _! own1 & on _! hone/y  
only s f> z !reby likely to be secur$4  
,x becomes1 !re=e1 = me1 & = all :o     
believe any?+ ,i say1 a great primal "q 
on :at ?is presumably atta9able hone/y  
is to be bas$4  #cc4 ,is x to be bas$ on
 religion8 y may ask4 ,are we to be     
hone/ = fe> ( los+ heav5 if we are      
di%one/1 or 7to put x z g5]\sly z we    
may7 = fe> ( displeas+ ,god8 ,or1 are we
 to be hone/ on speculation1 because    
hone/y is ! be/ policy2 & to inve/ 9    
virtue z 9 an undepreciable /ock8  ,& my
 answ] is--n 9 any hesitat+ or diffid5t 
way 7& y "k1 my fri5d1 t :atev] p may   
say ( me1 ,i (t5 d speak diffid5tly2    
?\gh1 :5 ,i am diffid5t ( ?+s1 ,i l to  
avoid speak+ ( !m1 if x may be2 b "h ,i 
say ) no %ad[ ( d\bt7--y\r hone/y is n  

to be bas$ ei!r on religion or policy4  
,bo? y\r religion & policy mu/ be bas$  
on x4 ,y\r hone/y mu/ be bas$1 z ! sun  
is1 9 vacant heav52 pois$1 z ! lights 9 
! firmam5t1 :i* h rule ov] ! day & ov] !
 night4 ,if y ask :y y are to be        
hone/--y are1 9 ! "q itself1 di%onor$4  
,because y are a man1 is ! only answ]2 &
 !re=e ,i said 9 a =m] lett] t to make  
y\r *ildr5 capable ( hone/y is ! beg9n+ 
( education4 ,make !m m5 fir/1 &        
religi\s m5 aft]w>ds1 & all w be s\nd2 b
 a knave's religion is always ! rott5e/ 
?+ ab\t him4  #cd4 ,x is n1 !re=e1      
because ,i am endeavor+ to lay d[n a    
f\ndation ( religi\s concrete1 on :i* to
 build pi]s ( policy1 t y s (t5 f9d me  
quot+ ,bible texts 9 def5se ( ?is or t  
pr9ciple or ass]tion4 ,b ! fact t su*   
ref]5ces are an (f5se1 z ,i "k !m to be1
 to _m ( ! read]s ( ^! political essays1
 is "o among _m o!rs1 :i* ,i w\ld desire
 y to reflect ^u 7:e!r y are y\rself "o 
( ! (f5d$ or n71 z expressive ( ! s+ul> 
position :i* ! m9d ( ! ,briti% public   

has at pres5t tak5 ) respect to its     
wor%ip$ ,book4 ,! positions1 hone/ly    
t5able1 be=e ,i use any m ( its texts1  
,i mu/ try to def9e = y4  #ce4 ,all !   
!ories possible to !ological disputants 
respect+ ! ,bible are resolvable into   
f\r1 & f\r only4  7#a47 ,! fir/ is t ( !
 illit]ate mod]n religi\s _w1 t e ^w ( !
 book kn[n to !m z ,! ,bible 0 dictat$  
by ! ,supreme ,be+1 & is 9 e syllable ( 
x ,8 ,^w4  ,?is !ory is ( c\rse t5able  
by no ord9>ily well-educat$ p]son4      
7#b47 ,! second !ory is1 t1 al?\gh      
admitt+ v]bal error1 ! sub/ance ( ! :ole
 collection ( books call$ ! ,bible is   
absolutely true1 & furni%$ to man by    
,div9e inspiration ( ! speak]s & writ]s 
( x2 & t e "o :o hone/ly & pray]fully   
seeks = su* tru? 9 x z is necess>y = 8  
salvation1 w infallibly f9d x !re4  ,?is
 !ory is t held by mo/ ( our good &     
upright cl]gym51 & ! bett] class ( !    
pr(ess$ly religi\s laity4  7#c47 ,! ?ird
 !ory is t ! gr\p ( books :i* we call ! 
,bible 7 nei!r writt5 nor collect$ "u   

any ,div9e guidance1 secur+ !m f        
sub/antial error2 & t !y conta91 l all  
o!r human writ+s1 false /atem5ts mix$ ) 
true1 & err+ ?\ghts mix$ ) j ?\ghts2 b t
 !y nev]!less relate1 on ! :ole1        
fai?fully1 ! deal+s ( ! "o ,god ) ! fir/
 races ( man1 & ,8 deal+s ) !m 9        
aft]time ?r\gh ,*ri/3 t !y record true  
miracles1 & be> true witness to !       
resurrection ( ! dead1 & ! life ( ! _w  
to come4  ,?is is a !ory held by _m ( ! 
active lead]s ( mod]n ?\ght4  7#d47 ,!  
f\r?1 & la/ possible1 !ory is t ! mass (
 religi\s ,scripture conta9s m]ely ! be/
 ef=ts :i* we hi!rto "k to h be5 made by
 any ( ! races ( m5 t[>ds ! discov]y (  
"s relations ) ! spiritual _w2 t !y are 
only tru/wor?y z expressions ( !        
en?usia/ic visions or beliefs ( e>ne/ m5
 oppress$ by ! _w's d>kness1 & h no m   
au?oritative claim on our fai? ?an !    
religi\s speculations & hi/ories ( !    
,egyptians1 ,greeks1 ,p]sians1 &        
,indians2 b are1 9 common ) all ^!1 to  
be rev]5tly /udi$1 z conta9+ a portion1 

div9ely appo9t$1 ( ! be/ wisdom :i*     
human intellect1 e>ne/ly seek+ = help f 
,god1 has hi!rto be5 able to ga!r betwe5
 bir? & dea?4  ,?is has be51 = ! la/    
half-c5tury1 ! !ory ( ! s\nde/ s*ol>s & 
?9k]s ( ,europe4  #cf4 ,!re is yet inde$
 "o f>!r condition ( incr$ulity         
atta9able1 & sorr[fully atta9$1 by _m m5
 ( p[]ful intellect--! incr$ulity1      
namely1 ( inspiration 9 any s5se1 or (  
help giv5 by any ,div9e p[] to ! ?\ghts 
( m54 ,b ?is =m ( infidelity m]ely      
indicates a natural incapacity = receiv+
 c]ta9 emotions2 ?\gh _m hone/ & good m5
 belong to ?is ins5ti5t class4  #cg4 ,! 
educat$ m51 !re=e1 :o may be s]i\sly    
appeal$ to1 9 ^! days1 on que/ions (    
moral responsibility1 z modifi$ by      
,scripture1 are broadly divisible into  
?ree classes1 sev]ally hold+ ! la/ ?ree 
!ories above /at$4  ,n[1 :atev] p[] a   
passage f ! /at$ly au?oritative portions
 ( ! ,bible may h ov] ! m9d ( a p]son   
hold+ ! f\r? !ory1 x w h a              
proportionately great] ov] t ( p]sons   

hold+ ! ?ird or ! second4 ,i1 !re=e1    
always imag9e myself speak+ to ! f\r?   
class ( !ori/s4 ,if ,i c p]suade or     
influ5ce !m1 ,i am logically sure ( !   
o!rs4 ,i say logically1 = ! actual fact1
 /range z x may seem1 is t no p]sons are
 s little likely to submit to a passage 
( ,scripture n to _! fancy1 z ^? :o are 
mo/ positive on ! subject ( its g5]al   
inspiration4  #ch4 ,address+1 !n1 ?is   
f\r? class ( ?9k]s1 ,i w\ld say to !m1  
:5 ask+ !m to ent] on any subject (     
importance to national morals1 or       
conduct1 ,?is book1 :i* has be5 !       
accept$ guide ( ! moral intellig5ce (   
,europe = "s fifte5 hundr$ ye>s1 en=ces 
c]ta9 simple laws ( human conduct :i* y 
"k h also be5 agre$ ^u1 9 e ma9 po9t1 by
 all ! religi\s1 & by all ! greate/     
pr(ane writ]s1 ( e age & c\ntry4 ,?is   
book prim>ily =bids pride1              
lascivi\sness1 & covet\sness2 & y "k t  
all great ?9k]s1 9 e nation ( mank9d1 h 
simil>ly =bidd5 ^! mortal vices4 ,?is   
book enjo9s tru?1 temp]ance1 *>ity1 &   

equity2 & y "k t e great ,egyptian1     
,greek1 & ,indian1 enjo9s ^! also4 ,y "k
 besides1 t ?r\gh all ! my/]ies ( human 
fate & hi/ory1 ?is "o great law ( fate  
is writt5 on ! walls ( cities1 or 9 _!  
du/2 writt5 9 lett]s ( light1 & lett]s (
 blood1--t :]e tru?1 temp]ance1 & equity
 h be5 pres]v$1 all /r5g?1 & peace1 &   
joy h be5 pres]v$ also2--t :]e ly+1     
lascivi\sness1 & covet\sness h be5      
practis$1 !re has foll[$ an infallible1 
&1 = c5turies1 irrecov]able ru94 ,& y   
"k1 la/ly1 t ! obs]vance ( ?is common   
law ( righte\sness1 comm5d+ itself to   
all ! pure in/9cts ( m51 & fruitful 9 _!
 temporal good1 is by ! religi\s writ]s 
( e nation1 & *iefly 9 ?is v5]at$       
,scripture ( ours1 connect$ ) "s di/9ct 
hope ( bett] life1 & righte\sness1 to   
come4  #ci4 ,let x n !n (f5d y if1 d$uc+
 pr9ciples ( action fir/ f ! laws &     
facts ( nature1 ,i nev]!less =tify !m   
also by appliance ( ! precepts1 or      
sugge/ive & probable tea*+s ( ?is ,book1
 ( :i* ! au?ority is ov] _m ar\nd y1 m  

di/9ctly ?an ov] y1 & :i*1 confess+ to  
be div9e1 !y1 at lea/1 c only disobey at
 _! moral p]il4  ,on ^! gr\nds1 & 9 ?is 
temp]1 ,i am 9 ! habit ( appeal+ to     
passages ( ,scripture 9 my writ+s on    
political economy2 & 9 ?is temp] ,i w   
ask y to consid] ) me "s conclusions :i*
 appe> to me d]ivable f t text ab\t     
,miriam1 :i* haunt$ me ?r\gh ! juggl]y2 
& f c]ta9 o!rs4     ,,lett] ,,ix4  ,,!  
,,use ,,( ,,music ,,& ,,danc+ ,,"u ,,!  
,,jewi% ,,!ocracy1 ,,comp>$ ,,) ,,_!    
,,use ,,by ,,! ,,mod]n ,,fr5*4          
,m>* #aj1 #ahfg4  #dj4 ,hav+1 ,i hope1  
made y n[ cle>ly und]/& ) :at feel+ ,i  
w\ld use ! au?ority ( ! book :i* !      
,briti% public1 pr(ess+ to consid]      
sacr$1 h lately adorn$ = !mselves ) ! "w
 ( ! bolde/ violator ( ! in/9cts ( human
 honor & dec5cy kn[n yet 9 art-hi/ory1  
,i w pursue by ! help ( t v]se ab\t     
,miriam1 & "s o!rs1 ! subject :i*       
occupi$ my m9d at bo? !at]s1 & to :i*1  
?\gh 9 s app>5tly desultory mann]1 ,i h 
be5 nev]!less v e>ne/ly endeavor+ to    

lead y4  #da4 ,! go+ =? ( ! wom5 (      
,israel aft] ,miriam ) timbrels & )     
dances1 01 z y d\btless rememb]1 _!     
expression ( passionate triumph &       
?ankfulness1 aft] ! full accompli%m5t ( 
_! deliv]ance f ! ,egyptians4 ,t        
deliv]ance _h be5 by ! utt] dea? ( _!   
enemies1 & accompani$ by /up5d\s        
miracle2 no human creatures c\ld 9 an   
h\r ( triumph be surr\nd$ by            
circum/ances m solemn4 ,i am n go+ to   
try to excite y\r feel+s ab\t !m4       
,consid] only = y\rself :at t see+ ( !  
,egyptians dead ^u ! sea-%ore meant to e
 s\l t saw x4 ,& !n reflect t ^! int5se 
emotions ( m+l$ horror1 triumph1 &      
gratitude 7 express$1 9 ! visible       
pres5ce ( ! ,deity1 by music & danc+4   
,if y answ] t y d n believe ! ,egyptians
 s p]i%$1 or t ,god ev] appe>$ 9 a pill>
 ( cl\d1 ,i reply1 ,be x s--believe or  
disbelieve1 z y *oose2--,?is is yet     
assur$ly ! fact1 t ! au?or ( ! poem or  
fable ( ! ,exodus suppos$ t1 "u su*     
circum/ances ( ,div9e int]position z he 

_h inv5t$1 ! triumph ( ! ,israeliti%    
wom5 w\ld h be51 & ought to h be51 "u ! 
direction ( a prophetess1 express$ by   
music & danc+4  #db4 ,nor 0 x possible t
 he %\ld ?9k o!rwise1 at :atev] p]iod he
 wrote2 bo? music & danc+ be+1 among all
 great anci5t nations1 an appo9t$ & v   
pr9cipal "p ( ! wor%ip ( ! gods4  ,& t v
 !atrical ent]ta9m5t at :i* ,i sate ?9k+
 ov] ^! ?+s = y--t pantomime1 :i* dep5d$
 ?r\gh\t = its success on an appeal to !
 vices ( ! l[] ,london populace1 01 9   
itself1 no?+ b a corrupt remnant ( !    
religi\s c]emonies :i* guid$ ! mo/ s]i\s
 fai?s ( ! ,greek m9d1 & laid !         
f\ndation ( _! grave/ moral &           
didactic--m =cibly s because at ! same  
"t dramatic--lit]ature4  #dc4 ,return+  
to ! ,jewi% hi/ory1 y f9d soon aft]w>ds 
?is en?usia/ic religi\s dance & song    
employ$1 9 _! m common & habitual mann]1
 9 ! idolatries "u ,s9ai2 b beautifully 
aga9 & t5d]ly1 aft] ! triumph (         
,jeph?ah1 ,& behold 8 daught] came out  
to meet him ) timbrels & ) dances4      

,aga91 /ill m notably1 at ! triumph (   
,david ) ,saul1 ! wom5 came out ( all ! 
cities ( ,israel s++ & danc+ to meet ,k+
 ,saul ) tabrets1 ) joy1 & ) in/rum5ts (
 music4 ,& y h ?is joyful song & dance (
 ! virg9s ( ,israel n only incid5tally  
allud$ to 9 ! mo/ solemn passages (     
,hebrew religi\s poetry 7z 9 ,psalm     
lxviii4 #bd1 #be1 & ,psalm cxlix4 #b1   
#c71 b approv$1 & ! re/oration ( x      
promis$ z a sign ( ,god's p]fect bless+1
 mo/ e>ne/ly by ! sadde/ ( ! ,hebrew    
prophets1 & 9 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( all
 8 say+s4  ,! ,"l ha? appe>$ ( old unto 
me1 say+1 ',yea1 ,i h lov$ !e ) an      
ev]la/+ love4 ,!re=e1 ) lov+-k9dness h  
,i drawn !e4--,i w build !e1 & ?\ %alt  
be built1 ,o ,virg9 ( ,israel2 ?\ %alt  
aga9 be adorn$ ) ?y tabrets1 & ?\ %alt g
 =? 9 dances ) !m t make m]ry1' 7,j]4   
xxxi4 #c1 #d2 & comp>e v4 #ac74 ,&      
f9ally1 y h 9 two ( q ! mo/ important   
passages 9 ! :ole s]ies ( ,scripture 7"o
 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 "o 9 ! ,new71 !     
rejoic+ 9 ! rep5tance f1 & remission (1 

s9s1 express$ by means ( music & danc+1 
namely1 9 ! raptur\s danc+ ( ,david be=e
 ! return+ ark2 & 9 ! joy ( ! fa!r's    
h\sehold at ! rep5tance ( ! prodigal    
son4  #dd4 ,i c\ld put all ?is mu*      
bett]1 & m conv9c+ly1 be=e y1 if ,i 7   
able to take any pa9s 9 writ+ at pres5t2
 b ,i am n1 z ,i told y2 be+ we>y & ill2
 nei!r d ,i mu* c>e n[ to use :at1 9 ! v
 tru?1 are b tricks ( lit]>y art1 9     
deal+ ) ?is s grave subject4 ,y see ,i  
write y my lett] /raight=w>d1 & let y   
see all my scrat*+s out & putt+s 92 & if
 ! way ,i say ?+s %ocks y1 or any o!r   
read] ( ^! lett]s1 ,i _c help x2 ?is    
only ,i "k1 t :at ,i tell y is true1 &  
writt5 m e>ne/ly ?an any?+ ,i ev] wrote 
) my be/ lit]>y c>e2 & t y w f9d x      
useful to ?9k ^u1 h[ev] x be said4 ,n[1 
!re=e1 to draw t[>ds our conclusion4    
,suppos+ ! ,bible inspir$1 9 any ( !    
s5ses above def9$1 y h 9 ^! passages a  
positively ,div9e au?ority = ! use (    
song & dance1 z a means ( religi\s      
s]vice1 & expression ( national         

?anksgiv+4 ,suppos+ x n inspir$1 y h    
7tak+ ! passages = z slightly           
au?oritative z y *oose7 record 9 !m1    
nev]!less1 ( a /ate ( m9d 9 a great     
nation1 produc+ ! mo/ beautiful religi\s
 poetry & p]fect moral law hi!rto kn[n  
to u1 yet only expressible by !m1 to !  
fulfilm5t ( _! joyful passion1 by means 
( pr(essional dance & *oral song4  #de4 
,n[ ,i want y to contra/ ?is /ate (     
religi\s rapture ) "s ( our mod]n phases
 ( m9d 9 p>allel circum/ances4 ,y see t 
! promise ( ,j]emiah's1 ,?\ %alt g =? 9 
! dances ( !m t make m]ry1 is imm$iately
 foll[$ by ?is1 ,?\ %alt yet plant v9es 
^u ! m\nta9s ( ,sam>ia4 ,& aga91 at !   
ye>ly fea/ to ! ,"l 9 ,%iloh1 ! danc+ ( 
! virg9s 0 9 ! mid/ ( ! v9ey>ds 7,judges
 xxi4 #ba71 ! fea/ ( ! v9tage be+ 9 !   
s\?1 z our h>ve/ home 9 ! nor?1 a       
peculi> occasion ( joy & ?anksgiv+4 ,i  
happ5$ to pass ! autumn ( #ahfc 9 "o ( !
 great v9e di/ricts ( ,switz]l&1 "u !   
slopes ( ! outly+ bran* ( ! ,jura :i*   
limits ! arable pla9 ( ! ,canton ,zuri*1

 "s fifte5 miles nor? ( ,zuri* itself4  
,t city has always be5 a r5[n$1         
/ronghold ( ,swiss ,prote/antism1 next 9
 importance only to ,g5eva2 & its       
evangelical zeal = ! conv]sion ( !      
,ca?olics ( ,uri1 & endeavors to br+    
ab\t t spiritual result by /opp+ !      
supplies ( salt !y ne$$ to make _!      
*eeses )1 br\ght on 7! ,uri m5 read+ _! 
,matt4 v4 #ac1 9 a diff]5t s5se7 !      
battle ( ,keppel1 & ! dea? ( ! re=m]    
,zw+lius4 ,! t[n itself %[s ! mo/       
gratify+ signs ( progress 9 all ! mod]n 
arts & sci5ces ( life4 ,x is ne>ly z    
black z ,newca/le--has a railroad /ation
 l>g] ?an ! ,london t]m9us ( ! ,*a?am & 
,dov]--f\ls ! /ream ( ! ,limmat z soon z
 x issues f ! lake1 s t y might ev5     
v5ture to comp>e ! =m]ly simple &       
innoc5t ,swiss riv] 7,i rememb] x ?irty 
ye>s ago--a curr5t ( pale gre5 cry/al7 )
 ! highly educat$ ,engli% /reams ( ,we>e
 or ,tyne2 &1 f9ally1 has z _m ,fr5*    
pr9ts ( dissolute t5d5cy 9 its pr9cipal 
%op w9d[s z if !y _h ! privilege ( op5+ 

on ! ,p>isian ,b\lev>ds4  #df4 ,i 0     
some:at anxi\s to see :at species (     
?anksgiv+ or exultation w\ld be express$
 at _! v9tage1 by ! peasantry 9 !       
neighborhood ( ?is mu* enlight5$1       
evangelical1 & comm]cial society4 ,x    
consi/$ 9 two c]emonies only4 ,dur+ !   
day1 ! s]vants ( ! f>ms :]e ! grapes _h 
be5 ga!r$1 collect$ 9 knots ab\t !      
v9ey>ds1 & sl[ly fir$ horse-pi/ols1 f   
morn+ to ev5+4 ,at night !y got drunk1 &
 /agg]$ up & d[n ! hill pa?s1 utt]+1 at 
%ort int]vals1 yells & %rieks1 diff]+   
only f ! h[l+ ( wild animals by a c]ta9 
int5d$ & insol5t discordance1 only      
atta9able by ! malignity ( debas$ human 
creatures4  #dg4 ,i mu/ n d ! inju/ice  
to ! ,zuri* peasantry ( imply+ t ?is    
mann] ( fe/ivity is peculi> to !m4 ,a   
ye> be=e1 9 #ahfb1 ,i _h =m$ ! int5tion 
( liv+ "s ye>s 9 ! neighborhood (       
,g5eva1 & _h e/abli%$ myself            
exp]im5tally on ! ea/]n slope ( ! ,mont 
,salve2 b ,i 0 =c$ to ab&on my purpose  
at la/1 because ,i c\ld n endure ! rabid

 h[l+1 on ,sunday ev5+s1 ( !            
holiday-mak]s :o came out f ,g5eva to   
get drunk 9 ! m\nta9 village4 ,by ! way1
 y\r la/ lett]1 ) its extracts ab\t our 
traffic 9 g91 is v valuable4 ,i w come  
to t "p ( ! bus9ess 9 a little :ile4    
,meantime1 my fri5d1 note ?is1 respect+ 
:at ,i h told y1 t 9 ! v c5t] ( ,europe1
 9 a c\ntry :i* is visit$ = _! *ief     
pleasure by ! mo/ ref9$ & ?\ghtful      
p]sons among all ,*ri/ian nations--a    
c\ntry made by ,god's h& ! mo/ beautiful
 9 ! temp]ate regions ( ! e>?1 &        
inhabit$ by a race once capable ( !     
/]ne/ patriotism & simple/ purity (     
life1 y\r mod]n religion1 9 ! v         
/ronghold ( x1 has r$uc$ ! song & dance 
( anci5t virg9al ?anksgiv+ to ! h[l+s & 
/agg]+s ( m5 betray+1 9 intoxication1 a 
nature sunk m ?an half-way t[>ds !      
bea/s2 & y w beg9 to und]/& :y ! ,bible 
%\ld h be5 illu/rat$ by ,gu/ave ,dor4   
#dh4 ,"o ^w m is ne$ful1 ?\gh ?is lett] 
is long already4 ,! peculi> gha/l9ess ( 
?is ,swiss mode ( fe/ivity is 9 its utt]

 failure ( joy2 ! p>alysis &            
helplessness ( a vice 9 :i* !re is nei!r
 pleasure1 nor art4 ,b we are n1 ?r\gh\t
 ,europe1 :olly ?us4 ,!re is su* a ?+1  
yet1 z raptur\s song & dance among u1   
?\gh n indicative1 by any means1 ( joy  
ov] rep5tant s9n]s4 ,y mu/ come back to 
,p>is ) me aga94 ,i _h an ev5+ to sp>e  
!re1 la/ summ]1 = inve/igation ( !at]s2 
& z !re 0 no?+ at any ( !m t ,i c>$ mu* 
ab\t see+1 ,i ask$ a valet-de-place at  
,meurice's :at p 7 g5]ally go+ to4 ,he  
said1 ,all ! ,engli% w5t to see !       
,lant]ne ,magique4 ,i d n c>e to tell y 
:at g5]al ent]ta9m5t ,i receiv$ 9       
foll[+1 = once1 ! lead ( my c\ntrym52 b 
x clos$ ) ! repres5tation ( ! *>act]i/ic
 danc+ ( all ages ( ! _w2 & ! dance giv5
 z *>act]i/ic ( mod]n "t 0 ! ,cancan1   
:i* y w see allud$ to 9 ! extract giv5 9
 ! note at page #hj ( ',sesame &        
,lilies' 7! small edition2 & page #ed ( 
,vol4 ,i4 ( ! ,revis$ ,s]ies ( ! ,entire
 ,works74 ,! ball t]m9at$ ) a ,devili%  
,*a9 & a ,cancan ( ,hell1 at sev5 9 !   

morn+4 ,x 0 l$ by f\r pr9cipal danc]s   
7:o h s9ce appe>$ 9 ,london 9 ! ,hugu5ot
 ,capta971 & x is _m ye>s s9ce ,i h se5 
su* p]fect danc+1 z f> z f9i% & accuracy
 ( art & fulness ( animal p[] & fire are
 conc]n$4 ,no?+ c\ld be bett] done1 9   
its own evil way1 ! object ( ! dance    
?r\gh\t be+ to express1 9 e ge/ure1 !   
wilde/ fury ( insol5ce & vici\s passions
 possible to human creatures4 ,s t y    
see1 ?\gh1 = ! pres5t1 we f9d ourselves 
utt]ly incapable ( a rapture ( gladness 
or ?anksgiv+1 ! dance :i* is pres5t$ z  
*>act]i/ic ( mod]n civilization is /ill 
raptur\s en\gh--b x is ) rapture (      
blasphemy4     ,,lett] ,x4  ,,! ,,mean+ 
,,& ,,actual ,,op]ation ,,( ,,satanic   
,,or ,,demoniacal ,,influ5ce4           
,m>* #af1 #ahfg4  #di4 ,y may ga!r f !  
facts giv5 y 9 my la/ lett] t1 z !      
expression ( true & holy gladness 0 9   
old "t /at$ly (f]$ up by m5 = a "p (    
wor%ip to ,god _! ,fa!r1 s ! expression 
( false & unholy gladness is 9 mod]n    
times1 ) z mu* di/9ctness & pla9ness1   

ass]t$ by !m op5ly to be (f]$ to ano!r  
_s3 ,*a9 ( ! ,devil1 & ,cancan ( ,hell  
be+ ! names assign$ to ^! mod]n =ms (   
joy\s procession4  ,n[1 y "k t1 among ! 
be/ & wise/ ( our pres5t religi\s       
tea*]s1 !re is a gradual t5d5cy to      
disbelieve1 & to prea* _! disbelief1 9 !
 commonly receiv$ ideas ( ! ,devil1 & ( 
8 place1 & 8 "w4 ,:ile1 among "s ( our  
equally well-mean+1 b f> less wise1     
religi\s tea*]s1 !re is1 9 consequ5ce1 a
 panic spread+ 9 anticipation ( ! moral 
dang]s :i* mu/ foll[ on ! loss ( ! help 
( ! ,devil4 ,"o ( ! la/ appe>ances 9    
public ( ! au?or ( ! ',*ri/ian ,ye>' 0  
at a conclave ( cl]gym5 assembl$ 9      
def5se ( fai? 9 damnation4,a ,! s5se ( !
 meet+ g5]ally 01 t !re mu/ be su* a    
place z hell1 because no "o w\ld ev]    
behave dec5tly ^u e>? unless !y 7 kept 9
 :olesome fe> ( ! fires b5ea? x3 & ,mr4 
,keble1 especially insi/+ on ?is view1  
relat$ a /ory ( an old woman :o _h a    
wick$ son1 & :o1 hav+ lately he>d )     
horror ( ! tea*+ ( ,mr4 ,maurice & o!rs1

 exclaim$ pa!tically1 ,my son is bad    
en\gh z x is1 & if he 7 n afraid ( hell1
 :at w\ld become ( him6 7,i write f     
memory1 & _c answ] = ! words1 b ,i c =  
_! purport47      ,a ,physical          
damnation1 ,i %\ld h said4 ,x is /range 
h[ seldom pa9 ( he>t is spok5 ( z a     
possible elem5t     ( future1 or z !    
wor/ ( pres5t pa94  #ej4 ,n[1 my fri5d1 
,i am afraid t ,i mu/ incur ! *>ge ( su*
 presumption z may be involv$ 9 v>iance 
f bo? ^! sy/ems ( tea*+4  ,i d n m]ely  
believe !re is su* a place z hell4 ,i "k
 !re is su* a place2 & ,i "k also t :5  
m5 h got to ! po9t ( believ+ virtue     
impossible b ?r\gh dread ( x1 !y h got  
into x4  ,i mean1 t accord+ to !        
di/9ctness ) :i* !y hold su* a cre$1 !  
/a9 ( ne!r fire has pass$ ^u !m4 ,9 !   
dep? ( 8 he>t ,mr4 ,keble c\ld n h      
ent]ta9$ ! ?\ght = an in/ant2 & ,i      
believe x 0 only z a conspicu\s sign to 
! religi\s _w ( ! /ate into :i* !y 7    
s9k+1 t ?is cre$1 possible 9 its s9c]ity
 only to ! base/ ( !m1 0 nev]!less      

appo9t$ to be utt]$ by ! lips ( ! mo/   
t5d]1 graci\s1 & belov$ ( _! tea*]s4    
#ea4 ,virtue impossible b = fe> (       
hell--a l(ty cre$ = y\r ,engli% y\?--& a
 holy "o6 ,& yet1 my fri5d1 !re 0 some?+
 ( "r 9 ! t]rors ( ?is cl]ical conclave4
 ,=1 ?\gh y %\ld assur$ly be able to    
hold y\r own 9 ! /raight ways ( ,god1   
)\t always believ+ t ! ,devil is at y\r 
side1 x is a /ate ( m9d mu* to be       
dread$1 t y %\ld n "k ! ,devil :5 y see 
him !re4 ,= ! probability is t :5 y d   
see him1 ! way y are walk+ 9 is n "o (  
,god's ways at all1 b is lead+ y q into 
o!r neighborhoods ?an ,84 ,on ,8 way1   
inde$1 y may (t51 l ,alb]t ,dr]'s       
,knight1 see ! ,fi5d beh9d y1 b y w f9d 
t he drops always f>!r & f>!r beh9d2    
:]eas1 if he jogs ) y at y\r side1 x is 
probably "o ( 8 own bypa?s y are got on4
 ,&1 9 any case1 x is a highly desirable
 matt] t y %\ld "k him :5 y set eyes on 
him1 :i* we are v f> f do+ 9 ^! days1   
hav+ conv9c$ ourselves t ! gram9ivor\s  
=m ( him1 ) horn & tail1 is extant no   

long]4 ,b 9 fe>ful tru?1 ! ,pres5ce &   
,p[] ( ,him is "h2 9 ! _w1 ) u1 & )9 u1 
mock z y may2 & ! fight ) him1 = ! "t1  
sore1 & widely unprosp]\s4  ,d n ?9k ,i 
am speak+ metaphorically or             
rhetorically1 or ) any o!r ?an lit]al & 
e>ne/ mean+ ( words4 ,he> me1 ,i pray y1
 !re=e1 = a little :ile1 z e>ne/ly z ,i 
speak4  #eb4 ,e faculty ( man's s\l1 & e
 in/9ct ( x by :i* he is meant to live1 
is expos$ to its own special =m (       
corruption3 & :e!r )9 ,man1 or 9 !      
ext]nal _w1 !re is a p[] or condition ( 
temptation :i* is p]petually endeavor+  
to r$uce e glory ( 8 s\l1 & e p[] ( 8   
life1 to su* corruption z is possible to
 !m4 ,& ! m beautiful !y are1 ! m fe>ful
 is ! dea? :i* is atta*$ z a p5alty to  
_! degradation4  #ec4 ,take1 = in/ance1 
t :i*1 9 its purity1 is ! s\rce ( !     
highe/ & pure/ mortal happ9ess--,love4  
,?9k ( x fir/ at its highe/--z x may    
exi/ 9 ! discipl9$ _s ( a p]fect human  
creature2 z x has s exi/$ aga9 & aga91 &
 does always1 :]ev] x truly exi/s at    

all1 z ! purify+ passion ( ! s\l4 ,i w n
 speak ( ! transc5d5tal & imag9ative    
int5sity 9 :i* x may reign 9 noble      
he>ts1 z :5 x inspir$ ! greate/ religi\s
 poem yet giv5 to m52 b take x 9 its    
true & quiet purity 9 any simple lov]'s 
he>t1--z y h x express$1 = in/ance1 ?us1
 exquisitely1 9 ! ',angel 9 ! ,h\se'3-- 
,& !re1 ) _m a blissful te>1   ,i v[$ to
 love & pray$ to w$   ,! maid5 :o _h    
gr[n s de>2--   ,?ank$ ,god1 :o _h set  
h] 9 my pa?2   ,& promis$1 z ,i hop$ to 
w91   ,i nev] w\ld sully my fai?   ,by !
 lea/ selfi%ness or s92   ,:atev] 9 h]  
sight ,i'd seem   ,i'd really be2 ,i    
ne'er w\ld bl5d1   ,) my delight 9 h]1 a
 dream   ',tw\ld *ange h] *eek to       
compreh5d2   ,&1 if %e wi%$ x1 w\ld     
pref]   ,ano!r's to my own success2   ,&
 always seek ! be/ = h]   ,) un(fici\s  
t5d]ness4  ,take ?is = ! pure type ( x 9
 its simplicity2 & !n ?9k ( :at         
corruption ?is passion is capable4 ,i w 
give y a type ( t also1 & at y\r v      
doors4 ,i _c ref] y to ! "t :5 ! crime  

happ5$2 b x 0 "s f\r or five ye>s ago1  
ne> ,newca/le1 & x has rema9$ always z a
 gha/ly l&m>k 9 my m9d1 ow+ to ! horror 
( ! ext]nal circum/ances4 ,! body ( !   
murd]$ woman 0 f\nd nak$1 roll$ into a  
heap ( a%es1 at ! m\? ( "o ( y\r pits4  
#ed4 ,y h ?us two limit+ examples1 ( !  
,pure ,passion1 & ( its corruption4 ,n[1
 :atev] influ5ce x is1 )\t or )9 u1 :i* 
has a t5d5cy to degrade ! "o t[>ds !    
o!r1 is lit]ally & accurately ,satanic4 
,& ?is trea*]\s or deceiv+ _s is        
p]petually at "w1 s t all ! wor/ evil   
among u is a betray$ or corrupt$ good4  
,take religion itself3 ! desire ( f9d+  
out ,god1 & plac+ "o's self 9 "s true   
son's or s]vant's relation to ,him4 ,!  
,devil1 t is to say1 ! deceiv+ _s )9 u1 
or outside ( u1 mixes up our own vanity 
) ?is desire2 makes u ?9k t 9 our love  
to ,god we h e/abli%$ "s connection )   
,him :i* sep>ates u f our fell[-m51 &   
r5d]s u sup]ior to !m4 ,!n x takes b "o 
wave ( ! ,devil's h&2 & we are burn+ !m 
alive = tak+ ! lib]ty ( contradict+ u4  

#ee4 ,take ! desire ( tea*+--! entirely 
unselfi% & noble in/9ct = tell+ to ^? :o
 are ignorant1 ! tru? we "k1 & gu>d+ !m 
f ! errors we see !m 9 dang] (2--!re is 
no nobl]1 no m con/ant in/9ct 9         
honorable brea/s2 b let ! ,devil =malize
 x1 & mix ! pride ( a pr(ession ) x--get
 fooli% p entru/$ ) ! bus9ess (         
in/ruction1 & make _! giddy heads giddi]
 by putt+ !m up 9 pulpits above a       
submissive cr[d--& y h x in/antly       
corrupt$ into its own rev]se2 y h an    
alliance aga9/ ! light1 %riek+ at ! sun1
 & ! moon1 & />s1 z pr(ane spectra3--a  
company ( ! bl9d1 besee*+ ^? !y lead to 
rema9 bl9d also4 ,! heav5s & ! lights t 
rule !m are untrue2 ! laws ( creation   
are trea*]\s2 ! poles ( ! e>? are out ( 
poise4 ,b we are true4 ,light is 9 u    
only4 ,%ut y\r eyes close & fa/1 & we w 
lead y4  #ef4 ,take ! desire & fai? (   
mutual help2 ! virtue ( v[$ bro!rhood = 
! accompli%m5t ( common purpose1 7)\t   
:i* no?+ great c be wr\ght by           
multitud9\s b&s ( m572 let ! ,devil put 

pride ( ca/e into x1 & y h a milit>y    
organization appli$ = a ?\s& ye>s to    
ma9ta9 t high] ca/e 9 idl5ess by robb+ !
 labor+ poor2 let ! ,devil put a few    
small p]sonal int]e/s into x1 & y h all 
fai?ful delib]ation on national law     
r5d]$ impossible 9 ! p>liam5ts (        
,europe1 by ! antagonism ( p>ties4  #eg4
 ,take ! in/9ct = ju/ice1 & ! natural   
s5se ( indignation aga9/ crime2 let !   
,devil color x ) p]sonal passion1 & y h 
a mighty race ( true & t5d]-he>t$ m5    
liv+ = c5turies 9 su* bloody feud t e   
note & ^w ( _! national songs is a      
dirge1 & e rock ( _! hills is a         
grave/one4 ,take ! love ( beauty1 & p[] 
( imag9ation1 :i* are ! s\rce ( e true  
a*ievem5t 9 art2 let ! ,devil t\* !m )  
s5suality1 & !y are /rong] ?an ! sword  
or ! flame to bla/ ! cities :]e !y 7    
born1 into ru9 )\t hope4 ,take ! in/9ct 
( indu/ry & ardor ( comm]ce1 :i* are    
meant to be ! support & mutual ma9t5ance
 ( man2 let ! ,devil t\* !m ) av>ice1 & 
y %all see ! av5ues ( ! ex*ange *ok$ )  

corpses t h di$ ( fam9e4  #eh4 ,n[      
obs]ve--,i leave y to call ?is deceiv+  
_s :at y l--or to !orize ab\t x z y l4  
,all t ,i desire y to recognize is !    
fact ( its be+ "h1 & ! ne$ ( its be+    
f\ght )4 ,if y take ! ,bible's acc\nt ( 
x1 or ,dante's1 or ,milton's1 y w       
receive ! image ( x z a mighty spiritual
 creature1 comm&+ o!rs1 & resi/$ by     
o!rs3 if y take s*ylus's or ,hesiod's   
acc\nt ( x1 y w hold x = a p>tly        
elem5t>y & unconsci\s adv]sity ( fate1 &
 p>tly = a gr\p ( mon/r\s spiritual     
ag5cies connect$ ) dea?1 & begott5 out (
 ! du/2 if y take a mod]n rationali/'s1 
y w accept x = a m]e trea*]y & want (   
vitality 9 our own moral nature expos+ x
 to loa?som5ess or moral disease1 z !   
body is capable ( mortification or      
leprosy4 ,i d n c>e :at y call x1--^:   
hi/ory y believe ( x1--nor :at y y\rself
 c imag9e ab\t x2 ! orig91 or nature1 or
 "n may be z y w1 b ! deadly reality ( !
 ?+ is ) u1 & w>r+ aga9/ u1 & on our    
true w> ) x dep5ds :atev] life we c w94 

,deadly reality1 ,i say4 ,! puff-add] or
 horn$ asp is n m real4                 
,unbelievable1--^?1--unless y _h se5 !m2
 no fable c\ld h be5 co9$ out ( any     
human bra9 s dreadful1 )9 its own poor  
mat]ial sph]e1 z t blue-lipp$           
s]p5t--work+ its way sidelong 9 ! s&4 ,z
 real1 b ) /+ ( et]nal dea?--?is worm t 
dies n1 & fire t is n qu5*$1 )9 our s\ls
 or ar\nd !m4 ,et]nal dea?1 ,i          
say--sure1 t1 :atev] cre$ y hold2--if ! 
old ,scriptural "o1 ,dea? ( p]petual    
bani%m5t f be=e ,god's face2 if ! mod]n 
rationali/ "o1 ,dea? ,et]nal = u1 in/ant
 & unr$eemable end+ ( lives wa/$ 9      
mis]y4  ,?is is :at ?is unque/ionably   
pres5t--?is1 accord+ to 8 p[]1          
omni-pres5t--fi5d1 br+s u t[>ds1 daily4 
,he is ! p]son to be vot$ aga9/1 my     
work+ fri5d2 x is wor? some?+1 hav+ a   
vote aga9/ him1 if y c get x6 ,:i* y c1 
inde$2 b n by gift f ,cab9et ,m9i/]s2 y 
mu/ "w w>ily ) y\r own h&s1 & drop sweat
 ( he>t's blood1 be=e y c record t vote 
effectually4  ,( :i* m 9 next lett]4    

,,lett] ,,xi4  ,,! ,,satanic ,,p[] ,,is 
,,ma9ly ,,tw(old3 ,,! ,,p[] ,,( ,,caus+ 
,,falsehood ,,& ,,! ,,p[] ,,( ,,caus+   
,,pa94 ,,! ,,resi/ance ,,is ,,by ,,law  
,,( ,,honor ,,& ,,law ,,( ,,delight4    
,m>* #ai1 #aheg4  #ei4 ,y may p]haps h  
?\ght my la/ ?ree or f\r lett]s m]e     
rhapsodies4 ,!y are no?+ ( ! k9d2 !y are
 accurate acc\nts ( lit]al facts1 :i* we
 h to deal ) daily4 ,?is ?+1 or p[]1    
oppos$ to ,god's p[]1 & specifically    
call$ ,mammon 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 is1
 9 de$ & 9 tru?1 a cont9ually pres5t &  
active enemy1 prop]ly call$ ,ar*-enemy1 
t is to say1 ,beg9n+ & ,pr9ce (         
,enemies1 & daily we h to record our    
vote =1 or aga9/ him4 ,( ! mann] ( :i*  
record we 7 next to consid]4  #fj4 ,?is 
enemy is always recognizable1 briefly 9 
two functions4 ,he is pre-em95tly ! ,"l 
( ,lies & ! ,"l ( ,pa94 ,:]ev] ,lies    
are1 he is2 :]ev] ,pa9 is1 he has be5--s
 t ( ! ,_s ( ,wisdom 7:o is call$ ,god's
 ,help]1 z ,satan ,8 ,adv]s>y7 x is     
writt51 n only t by h] ,k+s reign1 &    

,pr9ces decree ju/ice1 b also t h] ways 
are ways ( ,pleasantness1 & all h] pa?s 
,peace4  ,!re=e1 y w succe$1 y work+ m51
 9 record+ y\r votes aga9/ ?is          
ar*-enemy1 precisely 9 ! degree 9 :i* y 
c d away ) falsehood & pa9 9 y\r "w &   
lives2 & br+ tru? into ! "o1 & pleasure 
into ! o!r2 all education be+ direct$ to
 make y\rselves & y\r *ildr5 capable (  
,hone/y & capable ( ,delight2 & to      
rescue y\rselves f iniquity & agony4 ,& 
?is is :at ,i meant by say+ 9 ! preface 
to ',unto ?is ,la/' t ! c5tral          
requirem5t ( education consi/$ 9 giv+   
habits ( g5tl5ess & ju/ice2 g5tl5ess 7z 
,i w %[ y pres5tly7 be+ ! be/ s+le ^w ,i
 c\ld h us$ to express ! capacity = giv+
 & receiv+ true pleasure2 & ju/ice be+  
simil>ly ! mo/ compreh5sive ^w = all k9d
 ( hone/ deal+4  #fa4 ,n[1 ,i began ^!  
lett]s ) ! purpose ( expla9+ ! nature ( 
! requirem5ts ( ju/ice fir/1 & !n ^? (  
g5tl5ess1 b ,i all[$ myself to be l$    
into t talk ab\t ! !at]s1 n only because
 ! ?\ghts c\ld be m easily writt5 z !y  

came1 b also because ,i 0 able ?us to   
illu/rate = y m directly ! nature ( !   
enemy we h to deal )4 ,y d n p]haps "k1 
?\gh ,i say ?is diffid5tly 7= ,i (t5 f9d
 work+ m5 "k _m ?+s :i* "o w\ld h ?\ght 
7 out ( _! way71 t music 01 among !     
,greeks1 q ! fir/ means ( education2 & t
 x 0 s connect$ ) _! sy/em ( e?ics & (  
intellectual tra9+1 t ! ,god ( ,music is
 ) !m also ! ,god ( ,righte\sness2--!   
,god :o purges & av5ges iniquity1 &     
cont5ds ) _! ,satan z repres5t$ "u ! =m 
( ,py?on1 ! corrupt]4 ,& ! ,greeks 7    
incontrov]tibly "r 9 ?is4 ,music is !   
ne>e/ at h&1 ! mo/ ord]ly1 ! mo/        
delicate1 & ! mo/ p]fect1 ( all bodily  
pleasures2 x is also ! only "o :i* is   
equally helpful to all ! ages (         
man1--helpful f ! nurse's song to h]    
infant1 to ! music1 unhe>d ( o!rs1 :i* s
 (t5 haunts ! dea?b$ ( pure & innoc5t   
spirits4 ,& ! action ( ! deceiv+ or     
devili% p[] is 9 no?+ %[n q s di/9ctly  
among u at ?is day1--n ev5 9 our        
comm]cial di%one/ies1 nor 9 our social  

cruelties1--z 9 its hav+ be5 able to    
take away music1 z an in/rum5t (        
education1 altoge!r2 & to enli/ x almo/ 
:olly 9 ! s]vice ( sup]/ition on ! "o   
h&1 & ( s5suality on ! o!r4  #fb4 ,?is  
p[] ( ! ,muses1 !n1 & its prop] influ5ce
 ov] y workm51 ,i %all ev5tually h mu*  
to insi/ ^u ) y2 & 9 do+ s ,i %all take 
t beautiful p>able ( ! ,prodigal ,son   
7:i* ,i h already ref]r$ to71 & expla91 
z f> z ,i "k1 ! significance ( x1 & !n  
,i w take ! ?ree means ( fe/ivity1 or   
:olesome human joy1 !re9 /at$1--f9e     
dress1 ri* food1 & music2--7br+ =? !    
faire/ robe = him1--br+ =? ! fatt$ calf1
 & kill x2 z he drew nigh1 he he>d music
 & danc+72 & ,i w %[ y h[ all ^! ?ree   
?+s1 f9e dress1 ri* food1 & music       
7includ+ ultimately all ! o!r arts7 are 
meant to be s\rces ( life1 & means (    
moral discipl9e1 to all m52 & h[ !y h   
all ?ree be5 made1 by ! ,devil1 ! means 
( guilt1 dissolut5ess1 & dea?4,a ,b fir/
 ,i mu/ return to my orig9al plan ( ^!  
lett]s1 & endeavor to set d[n = y "s ( !

 laws :i*1 9 a true ,work+ ,m5's        
,p>liam5t1 mu/ be orda9$ 9 def5se (     
,hone/y4      ,a ,see ',=s ,clavig]a1'  
,lett] ,,xxiv4  ,( :i* laws 7prelim9>y  
to all o!rs1 & necess>y above all o!rs71
 hav+ n[ some:at got my ravel$ ?reads   
toge!r aga91 ,i w beg9 talk 9 my next   
lett]4     ,,lett] ,,xii4  ,,!          
,,necessity ,,( ,,imp]ative ,,law ,,to  
,,! ,,prosp]ity ,,( ,,/ates4            
,m>* #bj1 #ahfg4  #fc4 ,i h y\r mo/     
int]e/+ lett]1,a :i* ,i keep = ref]5ce1 
:5 ,i come to ! consid]ation ( its      
subject 9 its prop] place1 "u ! head ( !
 abuse ( ,food4 ,i d n wond] t y\r life 
%\ld be r5d]$ unhappy by ! sc5es (      
drunk5ness :i* y are s (t5 compell$ to  
witness2 nor t ?is s gigantic &         
infecti\s evil %\ld seem to y ! root ( !
 great] "p ( ! mis]y ( our l[] ord]s4 ,i
 d n wond] t ,george ,cruik%ank has w>p$
 ! entire curr5t ( 8 ?\ghts & life1 at  
once to my admiration & my sorr[1 f _!  
natural field ( "w1 t he might sp5d !m1 
9 /ruggle ) ?is fi5d1 = ! poor l[e/ p   

:om he kn[s s well4 ,i :olly sympa?ize )
 y 9 indignation at ! me?ods (          
temptation employ$1 & at ! use ( !      
=tunes made by ! v5dors ( dea?2 & :atev]
 imm$iately applicable legal means !re  
might be ( re/rict+ ! causes (          
drunk5ness1 ,i %\ld )\t hesitation      
desire to br+ into op]ation4 ,b all su* 
appliance ,i consid] tempor>y &         
provision>y2 nor1 :ile !re is record ( !
 miracle at ,cana 7n to speak ( !       
sacram5t7 c ,i conceive x possible1 )\t 
7logically7 ! d5ial ( ! entire tru? ( ! 
,new ,te/am5t1 to reprobate ! use ( w9e 
z a /imulus to ! p[]s ( life4 ,suppos+  
we did d5y ! words & de$s ( ! ,f\nd] (  
,*ri/ianity1 ! au?ority ( ! wise/       
hea!ns1 especially t ( ,plato 9 !       
',laws1' is :olly aga9/ ab/95ce f w9e2 &
 mu* z ,i c believe1 & z ,i h be5       
endeavor+ to make y believe also1 ( !   
subtlety ( ! ,devil1 ,i d n suppose !   
v9e to h be5 "o ( 8 inv5tions4 ,( ?is1  
h[ev]1 m 9 ano!r place4 ,by ! way1 0 x n
 curi\s t 9 ! ',man*e/] ,exam9]1' 9 :i* 

t lett] ( m9e on ! abuse ( danc+ appe>$1
 !re *anc$ to be1 9 ! next column1 a    
p>agraph giv+ an acc\nt ( a girl /abb+  
h] betray] 9 a ball-room2 & ano!r       
p>agraph describ+ a ,p>isian "*1 :i*    
gives exactly ! extreme type ,i want$1 =
 example ( ! abuse ( ,food8,b      ,a   
,app5dix #d4      ,b ,app5dix #e4  #fd4 
,i return1 h[ev]1 n[ to ! exam9ation (  
possible means = ! en=cem5t ( ju/ice1 9 
temp] & 9 act1 z ! fir/ ( political     
requirem5ts4 ,& z1 9 /at+ my conviction 
( ! necessity ( c]ta9 /r+5t laws on ?is 
matt]1 ,i %all be 9 direct opposition to
 ,mr4 ,/u>t ,mill2 &1 m or less1 9      
opposition to o!r pr(essors ( mod]n     
political economy1 z well z to _m hone/ 
& active promot]s ( ! privileges ( work+
 m5 7z if privilege only 7 want$ & nev] 
re/ra9t671 ,i w give y1 z briefly z ,i  
c1 ! gr\nds on :i* ,i am prep>$ to      
ju/ify su* opposition4  #fe4 ,:5 ! crew 
( a wreck$ %ip escape 9 an op5 boat1 & !
 boat is cr[d$1 ! provisions scanty1 & !
 prospect ( mak+ l& di/ant1 laws are    

in/antly e/abli%$ & en=c$ :i* no "o ?9ks
 ( disobey+4 ,an entire equality ( claim
 to ! provisions is ackn[l$g$ )\t       
dispute2 & an equal liability to        
necess>y labor4 ,no man :o c r[ is all[$
 to refuse 8 o>2 no man1 h[ev] mu* money
 he may h sav$ 9 8 pocket1 is all[$ s   
mu* z half a biscuit beyond 8 prop]     
ration4 ,any riot\s p]son :o endang]$ ! 
safety ( ! re/ w\ld be b\nd1 & laid 9 ! 
bottom ( ! boat1 )\t ! smalle/          
compunction1 = su* violation ( !        
pr9ciples ( individual lib]ty2 &1 on !  
o!r h&1 any *ild1 or woman1 or ag$      
p]son1 :o 0 helpless1 & expos$ to great 
dang] & suff]+ by _! weakness1 w\ld     
receive m ?an ord9>y c>e & indulg5ce1 n 
unaccompani$ ) unanim\s self-sacrifice  
on ! "p ( ! labor+ crew4  ,!re is nev]  
any "q "u circum/ances l ^!1 ( :at is "r
 & wrong1 wor?y & unwor?y1 wise or      
fooli%4 ,if !re be any "q1 !re is little
 hope = boat or crew4 ,! "r man is put  
at ! helm2 e available h& is set to !   
o>s2 ! sick are t5d$1 & ! vici\s        

re/ra9$1 at once1 & decisively2 or if n1
 ! end is ne>4  #ff4 ,n[1 ! circum/ances
 ( e associat$ gr\p ( human society1    
cont5d+ bravely = national honors &     
felicity ( life1 diff] only f ^? ?us    
suppos$1 9 ! great]1 in/ead ( less1     
necessity = ! e/abli%m5t ( re/ra9+ law4 
,!re is no po9t ( diff]5ce 9 !          
difficulties to be met1 nor 9 ! rights  
reciprocally to be ex]cis$4 ,vice &     
indol5ce are n less1 b m1 injuri\s 9 a  
nation ?an 9 a boat's company2 ! modes 9
 :i* !y affect ! int]e/s ( wor?y p]sons 
be+ f> m complex1 & m easily conceal$4  
,! "r ( re/ra9t1 ve/$ 9 ^? :o labor1 ov]
 ^? :o w\ld imp$e _! labor1 is z        
absolute 9 ! l>ge z 9 ! small society2 !
 equal claim to %>e 9 :atev] is necess>y
 to ! common life 7or commonweal?7 is z 
indefeasible2 ! claim ( ! sick &        
helpless to be c>$ = by ! /rong ) e>ne/ 
self-sacrifice1 is z pitiful & z        
imp]ative2 ! necessity t ! gov]n+       
au?ority %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( a true &     
tra9$ pilot is z cle> & z con/ant4 ,9   

none ( ^! conditions is !re any diff]5ce
 betwe5 a nation & a boat's company4 ,! 
only diff]5ce is 9 ?is1 t !             
impossibility ( disc]n+ ! effects (     
individual error & crime1 or ( c\nt]act+
 !m by individual ef=t1 9 ! affairs ( a 
great nation r5d]s x t5fold m necess>y  
?an 9 a small society t direction by law
 %\ld be /]nly e/abli%$4 ,assume t y\r  
boat's crew is disord]ly & lic5ti\s1 &  
w1 by agreem5t1 submit to no ord]2--!   
mo/ tr\blesome ( !m w yet be easily     
disc]n$2 & ! *ance is t ! be/ man among 
!m knocks him d[n4 ,common in/9ct (     
self-pres]vation w make ! riot]s put a  
good sailor at ! helm1 & impulsive pity 
& occasional help w be1 by he>t & h&1 "h
 & !re giv5 to visible di/ress4 ,n s 9 !
 %ip ( ! realm4 ,! mo/ tr\blesome p]sons
 9 x are usually ! lea/ recogniz$ = su*1
 & ! mo/ active 9 its managem5t2 ! be/  
m5 m9d _! own bus9ess pati5tly1 & are   
nev] ?\ght (2 ! good helmsman nev] t\*es
 ! till] b 9 ! la/ extremity2 & ! wor/  
=ms ( mis]y are hidd51 n only f e eye1 b

 f e ?\ght4 ,on ! deck1 ! aspect is (   
,cleopatra's galley--"u hat*es !re is a 
slave hospital2 :ile1 f9ally 7& ?is is !
 mo/ fatal diff]5ce ( all71 ev5 ! few   
p]sons :o c>e to int]f]e en]getically1 )
 purpose ( do+ good1 c1 9 a l>ge        
society1 disc]n s little ( ! real /ate (
 evil to be dealt )1 & judge s little ( 
! be/ means ( deal+ ) x1 t half ( _! be/
 ef=ts w be misdirect$1 & "s may ev5 d m
 h>m ?an good4 ,:]eas x is ! sorr[ful   
law ( ?is univ]se1 t evil1 ev5          
unconsci\s & un9t5d$1 nev] fails ( its  
effect2 & 9 a /ate :]e ! evil & ! good1 
"u conditions ( individual lib]ty1 are  
all[$ to cont5d toge!r1 n only e /roke  
on ! ,devil's side tells--b e slip1 7!  
mi/akes ( wick$ m5 be+ z mis*iev\s z _! 
successes72 :ile on ! side ( "r1 !re w  
be mu* direct & fatal defeat1 &1 ev5 (  
its measure ( victory1 half w be        
fruitless4  #fg4 ,x is true1 ( c\rse1 t1
 9 ! end ( ends1 no?+ b ! "r conqu]s2 ! 
preval5t ?orns ( wrong1 at la/1 crackle 
away 9 indiscrim9ate flame3 & ( ! good  

se$ s[n1 "o gra9 9 a ?\s& "s day comes  
up--& somebody lives by x2 b mo/ ( our  
great tea*]s1 n except+ ,c>lyle &       
,em]son !mselves1 are a little too      
enc\rag+ 9 _! proclamation ( ?is com=t1 
n1 to my m9d1 v suffici5t1 :5 = ! pres5t
 our fields are full ( no?+ b d>nel     
in/ead ( :eat1 & cockle in/ead ( b>ley2 
& none ( !m seem to me yet to h en\gh   
insi/$ on ! inevitable p[] &            
infecti\sness ( all evil1 & ! easy &    
utt] ext+ui%abl5ess ( good4 ,m$ic9e (t5 
fails ( its effect--b poison nev]3 &    
:ile1 9 summ+ ! obs]vation ( pa/ life1 n
 unwat*fully sp5t1 ,i c truly say t ,i h
 a ?\s& times se5 pati5ce disappo9t$ (  
h] hope1 & wisdom ( h] aim1 ,i h nev]   
yet se5 folly fruitless ( mis*ief1 nor  
vice conclude b 9 calamity4  #fh4 ,!re  
is1 h[ev]1 "o important condition 9     
national economy1 9 :i* ! analogy ( t ( 
a %ip's company is incomplete3 namely1 t
 :ile labor at o> or sail is necess>ily 
unit$1 & c atta9 no indep5d5t good1 or  
p]sonal pr(it1 ! labor prop]ly und]tak5 

by ! sev]al memb]s ( a political        
community is necess>ily1 & ju/ly1 )9    
c]ta9 limits1 indep5d5t2 & obta9s = !m  
indep5d5t advantage1 ( :i*1 if y w      
glance at ! la/ p>agraph ( ! fir/ *apt] 
( ',mun]a ,pulv]is1' y w see ,i %\ld be 
! la/ p]son to propose depriv+ !m4 ,?is 
great diff]5ce 9 f9al condition involves
 necess>ily mu* complexity 9 ! sy/em &  
application ( g5]al laws2 b x 9 no wise 
abrogates1--on ! contr>y1 x r5d]s yet m 
imp]ative1--! necessity = ! firm        
ord9ance ( su* laws1 :i*1 m>k+ ! due    
limits ( indep5d5t ag5cy1 may enable x  
to exi/ 9 full en]gy1 n only )\t becom+ 
injuri\s1 b s z m v>i\sly & p]fectly to 
promote ! entire int]e/s ( !            
commonweal?4  ,i w address myself !re=e 
9 my next lett] to ! /atem5t ( "s ( ^!  
necess>y laws4     ,,lett] ,,xiii4  ,,! 
,,prop] ,,(fices ,,( ,,! ,,bi%op ,,&    
,,duke2 ,,or1 ,,ov]se] ,,& ,,lead]4     
,m>* #ba1 #ahfg4  #fi4 ,i see1 by y\r   
la/ lett]1 = :i* ,i he>tily ?ank y1 t y 
w\ld n sympa?ize ) me 9 my sorr[ = !    

des]tion ( 8 own "w by ,george          
,cruik%ank1 t he may fight 9 ! front ( !
 temp]ance ranks4 ,b y d n "k :at "w he 
has left undone1 nor h[ mu* ri*]        
inh]itance y might h receiv$ f 8 h&4 ,x 
0 no m 8 bus9ess to et* diagrams (      
drunk5ness ?an x is m9e at ?is mom5t to 
be writ+ ^! lett]s aga9/ an>*y4 ,x is ! 
fir/ mild day ( ,m>* 7high "t1 ,i ?9k1 t
 x %\ld be671 & by rights ,i ought to be
 out among ! budd+ banks & h$ges1 outl9+
 sprays ( haw?orn & clu/]s ( primrose4  
,t is my "r "w2 & x is n1 9 ! inn] gi/ &
 tru? ( x1 "r nor good1 = y1 or =       
anybody else1 t ,cruik%ank ) 8 great    
gift1 & ,i ) my weak1 b yet ?or\ghly    
cle> & def9ite "o1 %\ld bo? ( u be      
torm5t$ by agony ( indignation &        
compassion1 till we are =c$ to give up  
our peace1 & pleasure1 & p[]2 & ru% d[n 
into ! /reets & lanes ( ! city1 to d !  
little t is 9 ! /r5g? ( our s+le h&s    
aga9/ _! uncleanl9ess & iniquity4 ,b1 z 
9 a sorely besieg$ t[n1 e man mu/ to !  
ramp>ts1 :atsoev] bus9ess he leaves1 s  

nei!r he nor ,i h _h any *oice b to     
leave our h\sehold /uff1 & g on crusade1
 su* z we are call$ to2 n t ,i mean1 if 
,fate may be anywise resi/$1 to give up 
! /r5g? ( my life1 z he has giv5 82 = ,i
 ?9k he 0 wrong 9 do+ s2 & t he %\ld    
only h c>ri$ ! fi]y cross 8 appo9t$     
leagues1 & !n giv5 x to ano!r h&2 &1 =  
my own "p1 ,i mean ^! v lett]s to close 
my political "w = _m a day2 & ,i write  
!m1 n 9 any hope ( _! be+ at pres5t     
li/5$ to1 b to disbur!n my he>t ( !     
witness ,i h to be>1 t ,i may be free to
 g back to my g>d5 lawns1 & pa9t birds &
 fl[]s !re4  #gj4 ,= ^! same /atutes :i*
 we are to consid] to-day1 h inde$ be5 9
 my m9d n[ ^! f\rte5 ye>s1 ev] s9ce ,i  
wrote ! la/ volume ( ! ',/ones (        
,v5ice1' 9 :i* y w f9d1 9 ! long note on
 ,mod]n ,education1 mo/ ( :at ,i h be5  
n[ 9 detail writ+ to y1 h9t$ 9 ab/ract2 
&1 at ! close ( x1 ?is s5t5ce1 ( :i* ,i 
solemnly n[ av\* 79 ?ankfulness t ,i 0  
p]mitt$ to write x71 e ^w3 ,f9ally1 ,i  
hold x = indisputable1 t ! fir/ duty ( a

 ,/ate is to see t e *ild born !re9 %all
 be well h\s$1 clo!d1 f$1 & educat$1    
till x atta9 ye>s ( discretion4 ,b 9    
ord] to ! effect+ ?is ! ,gov]nm5t mu/ h 
an au?ority ov] ! p ( :i* we n[ d n s   
mu* z dream4  ,t au?ority ,i did n !n   
endeavor to def9e1 = ,i knew all su*    
ass]tions w\ld be useless1 & t !        
necess>ily resultant outcry w\ld m]ely  
dim9i% my influ5ce 9 o!r directions4 ,b 
n[ ,i d n c>e ab\t influ5ce any m1 x be+
 only my conc]n to say truly t :i* ,i   
"k1 &1 if x may be1 get "s quiet life1  
yet1 among ! fields 9 ! ev5+ %ad[4  #ga4
 ,!re is1 ,i suppose1 no ^w :i* m5 are  
pr\d] ( ! "r to atta* to _! names1 or m 
envi\s ( o!rs :o be> x1 :5 !y !mselves  
may n1 ?an ! ^w noble4 ,d y "k :at x    
orig9ally meant1 & always1 9 ! "r use ( 
x1 means8 ,x means a kn[n p]son2 "o :o  
has ris5 f> en\gh above o!rs to draw    
m5's eyes to him1 & to be kn[n          
7honorably7 = su* & su* an "o4 ,ignoble1
 on ! o!r h&1 is d]iv$ f ! same root z !
 ^w ignorance4 ,x means an unkn[n1      

+lori\s p]son4 ,& no m s+ul> follies h  
be5 committ$ by weak human creatures ?an
 ^? :i* h be5 caus$ by ! in/9ct1 pure & 
simple1 ( escap+ f ?is obscurity4       
,in/9ct1 :i*1 corrupt$1 w hesitate at no
 means1 good or evil1 ( satisfy+ itself 
) notoriety--in/9ct1 nev]!less1 :i*1 l  
all o!r natural ones1 has a true & pure 
purpose1 & ought always 9 a wor?y way to
 be satisfi$4  ,all m5 ought to be 9 ?is
 s5se noble2 kn[n ( ea* o!r1 & desir+ to
 be kn[n4 ,& ! fir/ law :i* a nation1   
desir+ to conqu] all ! devices ( ! ,fa!r
 ( ,lies1 %\ld e/abli% among its p1 is t
 !y %all be s kn[n4  #gb4 ,w y please n[
 read  #bb ( ',sesame & ,lilies'8 ,!    
review]s 9 ! ecclesia/ical j\rnals      
laugh$ at x1 z a rhapsody1 :5 ! book    
came out2 none hav+ ! slighte/ notion ( 
:at ,i meant3 7nor1 inde$1 d ,i well see
 h[ x c\ld be o!rwise674 ,nev]!less1 ,i 
meant precisely & lit]ally :at is !re   
said1 namely1 t a bi%op's duty be+ to   
wat* ov] ! s\ls ( 8 p1 & give acc\nt ( e
 "o ( !m1 x becomes practically necess>y

 = him fir/ to get "s acc\nt ( _!       
bodies4 ,:i* he 0 wont to d 9 ! e>ly    
days ( ,*ri/ianity by help ( a p]son    
call$ deacon or m9i/]+ s]vant1 ^: "n is 
/ill reta9$ among prelim9>y             
ecclesia/ical dignities1 va9ly en\gh6   
,putt+1 h[ev]1 all que/ions ( =ms &     
names aside1 ! ?+ actually ne$+ to be   
done is ?is--t ov] e hundr$ 7m or less7 
( ! families compos+ a ,*ri/ian ,/ate1  
!re %\ld be appo9t$ an ov]se]1 or bi%op1
 to r5d] acc\nt1 to ! ,/ate1 ( ! life ( 
e individual 9 ^? families2 & to h c>e  
bo? ( _! int]e/ & conduct to su* an     
ext5t z !y may be will+ to admit1 or z  
_! faults may ju/ify3 s t x may be      
impossible = any p]son1 h[ev] humble1 to
 suff] f unkn[n want1 or live 9         
unrecogniz$ crime2--su* help & obs]vance
 be+ r5d]$ )\t (fici\sness ei!r (       
int]f]5ce or inquisition 7! limits ( bo?
 be+ det]m9$ by national law71 b ) !    
pati5t & g5tle wat*fulness :i* true     
,*ri/ian pa/ors n[ ex]cise ov] _!       
flocks2 only ) a high] legal au?ority   

pres5tly to be def9$1 ( int]f]5ce on due
 occasion4  ,& ) ?is f>!r function1 t   
su* ov]se]s %all be n only ! pa/ors1 b !
 biograph]s1 ( _! p2 a writt5 /atem5t ( 
! pr9cipal ev5ts 9 ! life ( ea* family  
be+ annually requir$ to be r5d]$ by !m  
to a sup]ior ,/ate ,(fic]4 ,^! records1 
laid up 9 public (fices1 w\ld soon      
furni% indications ( ! families :om x   
w\ld be advantage\s to ! nation to      
advance 9 position1 or di/+ui% ) honor1 
& aid by su* rew>d z x %\ld be ! object 
( e ,gov]nm5t to di/ribute no less      
punctually1 & f> m frankly1 ?an x       
di/ributes puni%m5t3 7comp>e ',mun]a    
,pulv]is1' ,essay ,,iv41 9 p>agraph on  
,critic ,law71 :ile ! m]e fact ( p]man5t
 record be+ kept ( e ev5t ( importance1 
:e!r disgraceful or wor?y ( praise1 9   
ea* family1 w\ld ( itself be a det]r5t f
 crime1 & a /imulant to well-des]v+     
conduct1 f> beyond m]e puni%m5t or      
rew>d4  #gc4 ,nor ne$ y ?9k t !re w\ld  
be any?+ 9 su* a sy/em un-,engli%1 or   
t5d+ to espionage4 ,no un9vit$ visits   

%\ld ev] be made 9 any h\se1 unless law 
_h be5 violat$2 no?+ record$1 aga9/ its 
w1 ( any family1 b :at 0 inevitably kn[n
 ( its publicly visible conduct1 & !    
results ( t conduct4 ,:at else 0 writt5 
%\ld be only by ! desire1 & f !         
communications1 ( its head4 ,& 9 a      
little :ile x w\ld come to be felt t !  
true hi/ory ( a nation 0 inde$ n ( its  
w>s1 b ( its h\seholds2 & ! desire ( m5 
w\ld r be to obta9 "s conspicu\s place 9
 ^! honorable annals1 ?an to %r9k beh9d 
clos$ %utt]s f public sight4 ,until at  
la/1 ,george ,h]b]t's gr& ^w ( comm&    
w\ld hold n only on ! consci5ce1 b !    
actual sy/em & out] economy ( life1     
,?9k ! ,k+ sees !e /ill1 = 8 ,k+ does4  
#gd4 ,secondly1 above ^! bi%ops or      
pa/ors1 :o are only to be occupi$ 9     
(fices ( famili> sup]vision & help1 %\ld
 be appo9t$ high] (fic]s ( ,/ate1 hav+  
executive au?ority ov] z l>ge di/ricts z
 might be conv5i5tly 7accord+ to ! numb]
 & circum/ances ( _! inhabitants7       
committ$ to _! c>e2 (fic]s :o1 accord+  

to ! reports ( ! pa/ors1 %\ld en=ce or  
mitigate ! op]ation ( too rigid g5]al   
law1 & det]m9e measures exceptionally   
necess>y = public advantage4 ,= in/ance1
 ! g5]al law be+ t all *ildr5 ( !       
op]ative classes1 at a c]ta9 age1 %\ld  
be s5t to public s*ools1 ^! sup]ior     
(fic]s %\ld h p[]1 on ! report ( !      
pa/ors1 to disp5se ) ! att5dance (      
*ildr5 :o _h sick p>5ts to take *>ge (1 
or ^: home-life seem$ to be "o ( bett]  
advantage = !m ?an t ( ! common s*ools2 
or :o1 = any o!r l cause1 might         
ju/ifiably claim remission4 ,& x be+ !  
g5]al law t ! entire body ( ! public    
%\ld contribute to ! co/1 & divide !    
pr(its1 ( all necess>y public works &   
und]tak+s1 z roads1 m9es1 h>bor         
protections1 & ! l1 & t no?+ ( ?is k9d  
%\ld be p]mitt$ to be 9 ! h&s ( private 
speculators1 x %\ld be ! duty ( !       
di/rict (fic] to collect :atev]         
in=mation 0 accessible respect+ su*     
s\rces ( public pr(it2 & to repres5t !  
circum/ances 9 ,p>liam5t3 & !n1 )       

,p>liam5t>y au?ority1 b on 8 own sole   
p]sonal responsibility1 to see t su*    
ent]prises 7 conduct$ hone/ly & ) due   
en]gy & ord]4  ,! appo9tm5t to bo? ^!   
(fices %\ld be by election1 & = life2 by
 :at =ms ( election %all be matt] (     
inquiry1 aft] we h det]m9$ "s o!rs ( !  
necess>y con/itutional laws4  #ge4 ,i d 
n d\bt b t y are already beg9n+ to ?9k x
 0 ) good reason ,i held my peace ^!    
f\rte5 ye>s1--& t1 = any good likely to 
be done by speak+1 ,i might z well h    
held x altoge!r6  ,x may be s3 b m]ely  
to complete & expla9 my own "w1 x is    
necess>y t ,i %\ld say ^! ?+s f9ally2 & 
,i believe t ! imm95t dang] to :i* we   
are n[ 9 ,engl& expos$ by ! gradually   
accel]at$ fall ( our ari/ocracy 7:olly  
_! own fault71 & ! sub/itution (        
money-p[] = _! m>tial "o2 & by !        
correspond+ly imm95t preval5ce ( mob    
viol5ce "h1 z 9 ,am]ica2 toge!r ) !     
cont9ually increas+ *ances ( insane w>1 
f\nd$ on popul> passion1 :e!r ( pride1  
fe>1 or acquisitiv5ess1--all ^! dang]s  

be+ fur!r d>k5$ & degrad$ by ! mon/r\s  
=ms ( vice & selfi%ness :i* ! appliances
 ( rec5t weal?1 & ( vulg> me*anical art1
 make possible to ! million1--w soon br+
 u into a condition 9 :i* m5 w be glad  
to li/5 to almo/ any words b ^? ( a     
demagogue1 & to seek any means ( safety 
r ?an ^? 9 :i* !y h lately tru/$4 ,s1 ) 
y\r good leave1 ,i w say my say to !    
end1 mock at x :o may4  ,p4,s4--,i take 
due note ( ! regulations ( trade propos$
 9 y\r lett] j receiv$,a--all excell5t4 
,i %all come to !m pres5tly1 ,ca% paym5t
 above all4 ,y may write t on y\r       
trade-bann]s 9 lett]s ( gold1 :]ev] y   
w\ld h !m rais$ victori\sly4      ,a    
,app5dix #f4     ,,lett] ,,xiv4  ,,!    
,,fir/ ,,gr\p ,,( ,,ess5tial            
,,laws--,,aga9/ ,,!ft ,,by ,,false ,,"w1
 ,,& ,,by ,,bankruptcy4--,,necess>y     
,,publicity ,,( ,,acc\nts4              
,m>* #bf1 #ahfg4  #gf4 ,i feel mu*      
incl9$ to pause at ?is po9t1 to answ] ! 
k9d ( que/ions & objections :i* ,i "k   
mu/ be ris+ 9 y\r m9d1 respect+ !       

au?ority suppos$ to be lodg$ 9 ! p]sons 
( ! (fic]s j specifi$4 ,b ,i c nei!r    
def9e1 nor ju/ify to y1 ! p[]s ,i w\ld  
desire to see giv5 to !m1 till ,i /ate  
to y ! k9d ( laws !y w\ld h to en=ce3 ( 
:i* ! fir/ gr\p %\ld be direct$ to !    
prev5tion ( all k9ds ( ?iev+2 b *iefly (
 ! occult & polite me?ods ( x2 &1 ( all 
occult me?ods1 *iefly1 ! mak+ & sell+ ( 
bad goods4 ,no =m ( !ft is s crim9al z  
?is--none s deadly to ! ,/ate4 ,if y    
break into a man's h\se & /eal a hundr$ 
p\nds' wor? ( plate1 he kn[s 8 loss1 &  
!re is an end 7besides t y take y\r risk
 ( puni%m5t = y\r ga91 l a man74 ,& if y
 d x bravely & op5ly1 & habitually live 
by su* inroad1 y may reta9 ne>ly e moral
 & manly virtue1 & become a h]oic rid] &
 reiv]1 & h]o ( song4 ,b if y sw9dle me 
out ( tw5ty %ill+s' wor? ( quality on   
ea* ( a hundr$ b>ga9s1 ,i lose my hundr$
 p\nds all ! same1 & ,i get a hundr$    
untru/wor?y articles besides1 :i* w fail
 me & injure me 9 all mann] ( ways1 :5  
,i lea/ expect x2 & y1 hav+ done y\r    

?iev+ basely1 are corrupt$ by ! guilt ( 
x to ! v he>t's core4  #gg4 ,?is is !   
fir/ ?+1 !re=e1 :i* y\r g5]al laws mu/  
be set to puni%1 fi]cely1 immitigably1  
to ! utt] prev5tion & ext9ction ( x1 or 
!re is no hope = y4 ,no religion t ev] 0
 prea*$ on ?is e>? ( ,god's r\nd+ ev]   
proclaim$ any salvation to sell]s ( bad 
goods4 ,if ! ,gho/ t is 9 y1 :atev] !   
ess5ce ( x1 leaves y\r h& a juggl]'s1 & 
y\r he>t a *eat's1 x is n a ,holy ,gho/1
 be assur$ ( t4 ,& = ! re/1 all         
political economy1 z well z all high]   
virtue1 dep5ds fir/ on s\nd "w4  ,let   
y\r laws1 !n1 ,i say1 9 ! beg9n+1 be set
 to secure ?is4 ,y _c make puni%m5t too 
/]n = subtle knav]y4 ,keep no truce )   
?is enemy1 :atev] p>don y ext5d to m    
g5]\s ones4 ,= light weights & false    
measures1 or = prov$ adult]ation or     
di%one/ manufacture ( article1 ! p5alty 
%\ld be simply confiscation ( goods &   
s5d+ out ( ! c\ntry4 ,! k9d ( p]son :o  
desires prosp]ity by su* practices c\ld 
n be made to emigrate too spe$ily4 ,:at 

to d ) him 9 ! place y appo9t to be     
bless$ by 8 pres5ce1 we w 9 "t consid]4 
#gh4 ,"u su* p5alty1 h[ev]1 & yet m "u !
 pressure ( su* a "r public op9ion z    
c\ld pron\nce & en=ce su* p5alty1 ,i    
imag9e t %am articles w\ld become       
spe$ily z r>e z s\nd ones are n[4 ,!    
*ief difficulty 9 ! matt] w\ld be to fix
 y\r /&>d4 ,?is w\ld h to be done by !  
guild ( e trade 9 its own mann]1 & )9   
c]ta9 easily recognizable limits1 & ?is 
fix+ ( /&>d w\ld necessitate mu*        
simplicity 9 ! =ms & k9ds ( articles    
sold4 ,y c\ld only w>rant a c]ta9 k9d ( 
glaz+ or pa9t+ 9 *9a1 a c]ta9 quality ( 
lea!r or clo?1 bricks ( a c]ta9 clay1   
loaves ( a def9$ mixture ( meal4        
,advisable improvem5ts or v>ieties 9    
manufacture w\ld h to be exam9$ &       
accept$ by ! trade guild3 :5 s accept$1 
!y w\ld be ann\nc$ 9 public reports2 &  
all puff]y & self-proclamation1 on ! "p 
( tradesm51 absolutely =bidd51 z mu* z !
 mak+ ( any o!r k9d ( noise or          
di/urbance4  #gi4 ,b obs]ve1 ?is law is 

only to h =ce ov] tradesm5 :om ,i       
suppose to h jo9$ volunt>ily 9 c>ry+ out
 a bett] sy/em ( comm]ce4 ,outside ( _! 
guild1 !y w\ld h to leave ! rogue to    
puff & *eat z he *ose1 & ! public to be 
gull$ z !y *ose4 ,all t is necess>y is t
 ! said public %\ld cle>ly "k ! %ops 9  
:i* !y c\ld get w>rant$ articles2 &1 z  
cle>ly1 ^? 9 :i* !y b\ght at _! own     
risk4  ,& ! above-nam$ p5alty (         
confiscation ( goods %\ld ( c\rse be    
en=c$ only aga9/ di%one/ memb]s ( !     
trade guild4 ,if p *ose to buy ( ^? :o  
_h op5ly refus$ to jo9 an hone/ society1
 !y %\ld be p]mitt$ to d s1 at _!       
pleasure1 & p]il3 & ?is = two           
reasons1--! fir/1 t x is always         
necess>y1 9 enact+ /rict law1 to leave  
"s safety valve = outlet ( irrepressible
 vice 7ne>ly all ! /]n lawgiv]s ( old "t
 err$ by ov]sight 9 ?is2 s t ! morbid   
elem5ts ( ! ,/ate1 :i* x %\ld be all[$  
to get rid ( 9 a cutane\s & op5ly       
curable mann]1 7 ?r[n inw>ds1 & corrupt$
 its con/itution1 & broke all d[n72--!  

second1 t op]ations ( trade &           
manufacture conduct$ "u1 & gu>d$ by1    
sev]e law1 ought always to be subject to
 ! /imulus ( su* erratic ext]nal +5uity 
z _c be te/$ by law1 or w\ld be h9d]$ f 
its full ex]cise by ! dread ( x2 n to   
speak ( ! f>!r ne$ ( ext5d+ all possible
 indulg5ce to =eign trad]s :o might wi% 
to ex]cise _! indu/ries "h )\t liability
 to ! surveillance ( our trade guilds4  
#hj4 ,f>!r1 :ile = all articles w>rant$ 
by ! guild 7z above suppos$7 ! prices   
%\ld be annually fix$ = ! trade ?r\gh\t 
! k+dom2 & ! produc+ workman's wages    
fix$1 s z to def9e ! ma/]'s pr(its )9   
limits admitt+ only su* v>iation z !    
nature ( ! giv5 article ( sale r5d]$    
inevitable2--yet1 9 ! production ( o!r  
classes ( articles1 :e!r by skill (     
appli$ h&icraft1 or f95ess ( mat]ial    
above ! /&>d ( ! guild1 atta9+1         
necess>ily1 values above its assign$    
prices1 e firm %\ld be left free to make
 its own indep5d5t ef=ts & arrangem5ts )
 its workm51 subject always to ! same   

p5alty1 if x c\ld be prov$ to h         
consi/5tly describ$1 or (f]$1 any?+ to !
 public = :at x 0 n3 & f9ally1 ! /ate ( 
! affairs ( e firm %\ld be annually     
report$ to ! guild1 & its books laid op5
 to inspection1 = guidance 9 !          
regulation ( prices 9 ! subsequ5t ye>2 &
 any firm ^: liabilities exce$$ its     
assets by a hundr$ p\nds %\ld be =?)    
decl>$ bankrupt4 ,& ,i w anticipate :at 
,i h to say 9 succe$+ lett]s s f> z to  
tell y t ,i w\ld h ?is condition ext5d  
to e firm 9 ! c\ntry1 l>ge or small1 & (
 :atev] rank 9 bus9ess4 ,& ?us y        
p]ceive1 my fri5d1 ,i %all n h to tr\ble
 y or myself mu* ) delib]ations respect+
 comm]cial panics1 nor to propose       
legislative cures = !m1 by any laxatives
 or purgatives ( pap] curr5cy1 or any   
o!r *ange ( pecuni>y diet4     ,,lett]  
,,xv4  ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,!ft ,,by      
,,unju/ ,,pr(its4--,,crime ,,c ,,f9ally 
,,be ,,arre/$ ,,only ,,by ,,education4  
#bi? ,m>*4  #ha4 ,! fir/ me?ods ( polite
 robb]y1 by di%one/ manufacture & by    

debt1 ( :i* we h be5 hi!rto speak+1 are 
easily en\gh to be dealt ) & end$1 :5   
once m5 h a m9d to end !m4 ,b ! ?ird    
me?od ( polite robb]y1 by di%one/       
acquisition1 has _m bran*es1 & is       
involv$ among hone/ arts ( acquisition1 
s t x is difficult to repress ! "o )\t  
re/ra9+ ! o!r4  ,obs]ve1 fir/1 l>ge     
=tunes _c hone/ly be made by ! "w ( any 
"o man's h&s1 or head4 ,if 8 "w b5efits 
multitudes1 & involves position ( high  
tru/1 x may be 7,i d n say t x is7      
exp$i5t to rew>d him ) great weal? or   
e/ate2 b =tune ( ?is k9d is freely giv5 
9 gratitude = b5efit1 n z repaym5t =    
labor4 ,also1 m5 ( peculi> g5ius 9 any  
art1 if ! public c enjoy ! product ( _! 
g5ius1 may set x at almo/ any price !y  
*oose2 b ?is1 ,i w %[ y :5 ,i come to   
speak ( art1 is unlawful on _! "p &     
ru9\s to _! own p[]s4 ,g5ius mu/ n be   
sold2 ! sale ( x involves1 9 a          
transc5d5tal1 b p]fectly true1 s5se1 !  
guilt bo? ( simony & pro/itution4 ,y\r  
labor only may be sold2 y\r s\l mu/ n4  

#hb4 ,n[1 by fair pay = fair labor1     
accord+ to ! rank ( x1 a man c obta9    
means ( com=table1 or if he ne$s x1     
ref9$ life4 ,b he _c obta9 l>ge =tune4  
,su* =tunes z are n[ ! prizes ( comm]ce 
c be made only 9 "o ( ?ree ways3--      
7#a47 ,by obta9+ comm& ov] ! labor (    
multitudes ( o!r m5 & tax+ x = our own  
pr(it4  7#b47 ,by treasure-trove1--z (  
m9es1 useful vegetable products1 & !    
l1--9 circum/ances putt+ !m "u our own  
exclusive control4  7#c47 ,by           
speculation1 7comm]cial gambl+74  ,!    
fir/ two ( ^! means ( obta9+ ri*es are1 
9 "s =ms & )9 c]ta9 limits1 lawful1 &   
advantage\s to ! ,/ate4 ,! ?ird is      
entirely detrim5tal to x2 = 9 all cases 
( pr(it d]iv$ f speculation1 at be/1 :at
 "o man ga9s ano!r loses2 & ! net       
results to ! ,/ate is z]o1 7pecuni>ily17
 ) ! loss ( ! "t & +5uity sp5t 9 !      
transaction2 besides ! disadvantage     
involv$ 9 ! disc\ragem5t ( ! los+ p>ty1 
& ! corrupt$ moral natures ( bo?4 ,?is  
is ! result ( speculation at its be/4   

,at its wor/1 n only ,b loses :at ,a    
ga9s 7hav+ tak5 8 fair risk ( su* loss =
 8 fair *ance ( ga971 b ,c & ,d1 :o nev]
 _h any *ance at all1 are drawn 9 by    
,b's fall1 & ! f9al result is t ,a sets 
up 8 c>riage on ! collect$ sum :i* 0    
once ! means ( liv+ to a doz5 families4 
#hc4 ,nor is ?is all4 ,= :ile real      
comm]ce is f\nd$ on real necessities or 
uses1 & limit$ by ^!1 speculation1 ( :i*
 ! object is m]ely ga91 seeks to excite 
imag9>y necessities & popul> desires1 9 
ord] to ga!r its tempor>y pr(it f !     
supply ( !m4 ,s t n only ! p]sons :o l5d
 _! money to x w be f9ally robb$1 b ! "w
 done ) _! money w be1 = ! mo/ "p1      
useless1 & ?us ! entire body ( ! public 
injur$ z well z ! p]sons conc]n$ 9 !    
transaction4 ,take1 = in/ance1 !        
ar*itectural decorations ( railways     
?r\gh\t ! k+dom1--repres5t+ _m millions 
( money = :i* no f>?+ ( divid5d c ev] be
 =?com+4 ,! public w n be induc$ to pay 
! smalle/ fraction ( high] f>e to       
,ro*e/] or ,dov] because ! ironwork ( ! 

bridge :i* c>ries !m ov] ! ,?ames is    
cov]$ ) floral cockades1 & ! pi]s ( x   
edg$ ) ornam5tal cornices4 ,all t "w is 
simply put !re by ! build]s t !y may put
 ! p]c5tage ^u x into _! own pockets2 &1
 ! re/ ( ! money be+ ?r[n into t floral 
=m1 !re is an end ( x1 z f> z !         
%>ehold]s are conc]n$4 ,millions ^u     
millions h ?us be5 sp5t1 )9 ! la/ tw5ty 
ye>s1 on ornam5tal arrangem5ts ( zigzag 
bricks1 black & blue tiles1 ca/-iron    
foliage1 & ! l2 ( :i* millions1 z ,i    
said1 n a p5ny c ev] return into !      
%>ehold]s' pockets1 nor contribute to   
public spe$ or safety on ! l9e4 ,x is   
all sunk =ev] 9 ornam5tal ar*itecture1 &
 7tru/ me = ?is67 all t ar*itecture is  
bad4 ,z su*1 x _h incomp>ably bett] n h 
be5 built4 ,its only result w be to     
corrupt :at capacity ( ta/e or "r       
pleasure 9 su* "w we h yet left to u6 ,&
 consid] a little1 :at o!r k9d ( result 
?an t might h be5 atta9$ if all ^?      
millions _h be5 sp5t usefully3 say1 9   
buy+ l& = ! p1 or build+ good h\ses =   

!m1 or 7if x _h be5 imp]atively requir$ 
to be sp5t decoratively7 9 lay+ out     
g>d5s & p>ks = !m1--or buy+ noble works 
( art = _! p]man5t possession1--or1 be/ 
( all1 e/abli%+ frequ5t public s*ools & 
libr>ies4 ,c\nt :at ^? lo/ millions w\ld
 h s accompli%$ = y6 ,b y left ! affair 
to supply & dem&1 & ! ,briti% public _h 
n bra9s en\gh to dem& l&1 or lodg+1 or  
books4 ,x dem&$ ca/-iron cockades &     
zigzag cornices1 & is suppli$ ) !m1 to  
its beatitude = ev]more4  #hd4 ,n[1 !   
!ft we fir/ spoke (1 by falsity (       
workman%ip or mat]ial1 is1 inde$1 s f>  
worse ?an ^! !fts by di%one/            
acquisition1 t !re is no possible excuse
 = x on ! gr\nd ( self-deception2 :ile  
_m speculative !fts are committ$ by     
p]sons :o really mean to d no h>m1 b ?9k
 ! sy/em on ! :ole a fair "o1 & d ! be/ 
!y c 9 x = !mselves4 ,b 9 ! real fact ( 
! crime1 :5 consci\sly committ$1 9 !    
numb]s rea*$ by its injury1 9 ! degree (
 suff]+ x causes to ^? :om x ru9s1 9 !  
bas5ess ( its calculat$ betrayal (      

implicit tru/1 9 ! yet m p]fect vil5ess 
( ! obta9+ su* tru/ by misrepres5tation1
 only t x may be betray$1 & 9 !         
impossibility t ! crime %\ld be at all  
committ$1 except by p]sons ( good       
position & l>ge k ( ! _w--:at mann] (   
!ft is s :olly unp>donable1 s inhuman1 s
 contr>y to e law & in/9ct :i* b9ds or  
animates society8  ,& !n consid] f>!r1  
h[ _m ( ! c>riages t glitt] 9 our /reets
 are driv51 & h[ _m ( ! /ately h\ses t  
gleam among our ,engli% fields are      
inhabit$1 by ?is k9d ( ?ief6  #he4 ,i   
happ5$ to be read+ ?is morn+ 7#bi? ,m>*7
 "s portions ( ! ,l5t s]vices1 & ,i came
 to a pause ov] ! famili> words1 ,& )   
,him !y crucifi$ two ?ieves4 ,h y ev]   
consid]$ 7,i speak to y n[ z a pr(ess+  
,*ri/ian71 :y1 9 ! accompli%m5t ( !     
numb]+ among transgressors1 !           
transgressors *os5 %\ld h be5 especially
 ?ieves--n murd]]s1 nor1 z f> z we "k1  
s9n]s by any gross viol5ce8 ,d y obs]ve 
h[ ! s9 ( !ft is aga9 & aga9 indicat$ z 
! *iefly antagoni/ic "o to ! law (      

,*ri/8 ,?is he said1 n t he c>$ = !     
poor1 b because he 0 a ?ief1 & _h ! bag 
7( ,judas74 ,& aga91 ?\gh ,b>abbas 0 a  
lead] ( s$ition1 & a murd]] besides1--7t
 ! popul> election might be 9 all       
respects p]fect7--yet ,/4 ,john1 9 curt 
& conclusive acc\nt ( him1 fa/5s aga9 on
 ! !ft4 ,!n cri$ !y all aga9 say+1 ,n   
?is man1 b ,b>abbas4 ,n[ ,b>abbas 0 a   
robb]4 ,i believe myself ! reason to be 
t !ft is inde$1 9 its subtle =ms1 ! mo/ 
complete & excuseless ( human crimes4   
,s9s ( viol5ce usually are committ$ "u  
sudd5 or oppressive temptation3 !y may  
be ! madness ( mom5ts2 or !y may be     
app>5tly ! only means ( extrication f   
calamity4 ,9 o!r cases1 !y are ! diseas$
 acts or habits ( l[] & brutifi$        
natures4,a ,b !ft involv+ delib]ative   
intellect1 & abs5ce ( passion1 is !     
pure/ type ( wilful iniquity1 9 p]sons  
capable ( do+ "r4 ,:i* be+ s1 x seems to
 be fa/ becom+ ! practice ( mod]n       
society to crucify its ,*ri/ inde$1 z   
will+ly z ev]1 9 ! p]sons ( ,8 poor2 b  

by no means n[ to crucify its ?ieves    
beside ,him6 ,x elevates its ?ieves aft]
 ano!r fa%ion2 sets !m ^u a hill1 t _!  
light may %9e be=e m5 & t all may see _!
 good works1 & glorify _! ,fa!r1 9--!   
,opposite ( ,heav54      ,a ,see !      
analysis ( ! moral sy/em ( ,dante1      
respect+     puni%m5t1 giv5 9 ',=s      
,clavig]a1' ,lett] ,,xxiii4  #hf4 ,i ?9k
 y\r trade p>liam5t w h to put an end to
 ?is k9d ( bus9ess someh[6 ,b x _c be   
done by laws m]ely1 :]e ! int]e/s &     
circum/ances are s ext5d$ & complex4    
,nay1 ev5 z reg>ds l[] & m def9$ crimes1
 ! assign$ puni%m5t is n to be ?\ght ( z
 a prev5tive means2 b only z ! seal (   
op9ion set by society on ! fact4 ,crime 
_c be h9d]$ by puni%m5t2 x w always f9d 
"s %ape & outlet1 unpuni%able or        
unclos$4 ,crime c only be truly h9d]$ by
 lett+ no man gr[ up a crim9al--by tak+ 
away ! w to commit s92 n by m]e puni%m5t
 ( its commission4 ,crime1 small &      
great1 c only be truly /ay$ by          
education--n ! education ( ! intellect  

only1 :i* is1 on "s m51 wa/$1 & = o!rs  
mis*iev\s2 b education ( ! he>t1 :i* is 
alike good & necess>y = all4 ,s1 on ?is 
matt]1 ,i w try 9 my next lett] to say  
"o or two ?+s ( :i* ! sil5ce has kept my
 own he>t heavy ?is _m a day4           
,,lett] ,,xvi4  ,,( ,,public ,,education
 ,,irrespective ,,( ,,class-,,di/9ction4
 ,,x ,,consi/s ,,ess5tially ,,9 ,,giv+  
,,habits ,,( ,,m]cy1 ,,& ,,habits ,,(   
,,tru?4 7,,g5tl5ess,a ,,& ,,ju/ice47    
,m>* #cj?1 #ahfg4  #hg4 ,?ank y = s5d+  
me ! pamphlet conta9+ ! acc\nt ( ! meet+
 ( cl]gy & workm51 & ( ! reason+s :i*   
!re took place4 ,i _c promise y t ,i    
%all read mu* ( !m1 = ! "q to my m9d mo/
 requir+ discussion & explanation is n1 
:y workm5 don't g to *ur*1 b--:y o!r p  
d4 ,h[ev]1 ?is ,i "k1 t if among our _m 
spiritual tea*]s1 !re are inde$ any :o  
he>tily & lit]ally believe t ! wisdom !y
 h to tea* is m preci\s ?an rubies1 &   
all ! ?+s ?\ can/ desire are n to be    
comp>$ unto h]1 & if1 s believ+1 !y w   
fur!r d>e to affront _! congregations by

 ! ass]tion2 & pla9ly tell !m !y are n  
to hunt = rubies or gold any m1 at _!   
p]il1 till !y h ga9$ t :i* _c be gott5 =
 gold1 nor silv] weigh$ = ! price       
!re(1--su* believ]s1 s prea*+1 & refus+ 
to prea* o!rwise till !y are 9 t att5d$ 
to1 w nev] want congregations1 bo? (    
work+ m51 & e o!r k9d ( m54      ,a     
,m]cy1 9 its full s5se1 means delight 9 
p]ceiv+     nobl5ess1 or 9 do+ k9dness4 
,comp>e  #ej4  #hh4 ,did y ev] he> (    
any?+ else s ill-nam$ z ! phantom call$ 
! ,philosoph]'s ,/one8 ,a talisman t    
%all turn base metal into preci\s metal1
 nature ackn[l$ges n2 nor w\ld any b    
fools seek aft] x4 ,b a talisman to turn
 base s\ls into noble s\ls1 nature has  
giv5 u6 & t is a ,philosoph]'s ,/one    
inde$1 b x is a /one :i* ! build]s      
refuse4  #hi4 ,if !re 7 two valleys 9   
,cali=nia or ,au/ralia1 ) two diff]5t   
k9ds ( gravel 9 ! bottom ( !m2 & 9 ! "o 
/ream b$ y c\ld dig up1 occasionally &  
by good =tune1 nuggets ( gold2 & 9 ! o!r
 /ream b$1 c]ta9ly & )\t haz>d1 y c\ld  

dig up little caskets1 conta9+ talismans
 :i* gave l5g? ( days & peace2 & alaba/]
 vases ( preci\s balms1 :i* 7 bett] ?an 
! ,arabian ,d]vi%'s o9tm5t1 & made n    
only ! eyes to see1 b ! m9d to "k1      
:atev] x w\ld--,i wond] 9 :i* ( ! /ream 
b$s !re w\ld be mo/ digg]s8  #ij4 ,"t is
 money--s say y\r practis$ m]*ants &    
economi/s4 ,none ( !m1 h[ev]1 ,i fancy1 
z !y draw t[>ds dea?1 f9d t ! rev]se is 
true1 & t money is "t8 ,p]haps x might  
be bett] = !m1 9 ! end1 if !y did n turn
 s mu* ( _! "t into money1 le/1 p]*ance1
 !y also turn ,et]nity into x6 ,!re are 
o!r ?+s1 h[ev]1 :i* 9 ! same s5se are   
money1 or c be *ang$ into x1 z well z   
"t4 ,heal? is money1 wit is money1 k is 
money2 & all y\r heal?1 & wit1 & k may  
be *ang$ = gold2 & ! happy goal s rea*$1
 ( a sick1 insane1 & bl9d1 aurif]\s old 
age2 b ! gold _c be *ang$ 9 its turn    
back into heal? & wit4  #ia4 ,"t is     
money2 ! words t+le 9 my e>s s t ,i c't 
g on writ+4 ,is x no?+ bett]1 !n8 ,if we
 c\ld ?or\ghly und]/& t "t              

0--itself1--w\ld x n be m to ! purpose8 
,a ?+ ( :i* loss or ga9 0 absolute loss1
 & p]fect ga94 ,& t x 0 exp$i5t also to 
buy heal? & k ) money1 if s pur*asable2 
b n to buy money ) !m8  ,& pur*asable !y
 are at ! beg9n+ ( life1 ?\gh n at its  
close4 ,pur*asable1 always1 = o!rs1 if n
 = ourselves4 ,y c buy1 & *eaply1 life1 
endless life1 accord+ to y\r ,*ri/ian's 
cre$--7!re's a b>ga9 = y67 b--long ye>s 
( k1 & peace1 & p[]1 & happ9ess (       
love--^! assur$ly & irrespectively ( any
 cre$ or "q1--= all ^? desolate & hagg>d
 *ildr5 ab\t y\r /reets4  #ib4 ,t is n  
political economy1 h[ev]4 ,p>don me2 !  
all-com=table say+1 ,:at he laye? out1 x
 %all be paid him aga91 is q lit]ally   
true 9 matt]s ( education2 no money se$ 
c be s[n ) s sure & l>ge return at      
h>ve/-"t z t2 only ( ?is money-se$1 m   
?an ( fle%-se$1 x is utt]ly true1 ,t :i*
 ?\ s[e/ is n quick5$ except x die4 ,y  
mu/ =get y\r money1 & e o!r mat]ial     
int]e/1 & educate = education's sake    
only6 or ! v good y try to be/[ w become

 v5om\s1 & t & y\r money w be lo/       
toge!r4  #ic4 ,& ?is has be5 ! real     
cause ( failure 9 our ef=ts = education 
hi!rto--:e!r f above or bel[4 ,!re is no
 hone/ desire = ! ?+ itself4 ,! cry = x 
among ! l[] ord]s is because !y ?9k t1  
:5 once !y h got x1 !y mu/ become upp]  
ord]s4 ,!re is a /range notion 9 ! mob's
 m9d n[-a-days 7includ+ all our popul>  
economi/s & educators1 z we mo/ ju/ly   
may1 "u t brief t]m mob71 t ev]ybody c  
be upp]mo/2 or at lea/1 t a /ate ( g5]al
 scramble1 9 :i* ev]ybody 9 8 turn %\ld 
come to ! top1 is a prop] ,utopian      
con/itution2 & t1 once give e lad a good
 education1 & he _c b come to ride 9 8  
c>riage 7! me?ods ( supply ( coa*m5 &   
footm5 n be+ contemplat$74 ,& v /]nly ,i
 say to y--& say f sure k--t a man _h   
bett] n "k h[ to read & write1 ?an      
receive education on su* t]ms4  #id4 ,! 
fir/ condition "u :i* x c be giv5       
usefully is1 t x %\ld be cle>ly und]/ood
 to be no means ( gett+ on 9 ! _w1 b a  
means ( /ay+ pleasantly 9 y\r place !re4

 ,& ! fir/ elem5ts ( ,/ate education    
%\ld be calculat$ equally = ! advantage 
( e ord] ( p]son compos+ ! ,/ate4 ,f !  
l[e/ to ! highe/ class1 e *ild born 9   
?is isl& %\ld be requir$ by law to      
receive ^! g5]al elem5ts ( human        
discipl9e1 & to be baptiz$--n ) a drop (
 wat] on its =ehead--b 9 ! cl\d & sea ( 
heav5ly wisdom & ( e>?ly p[]4  ,& !     
elem5ts ( ?is g5]al ,/ate education %\ld
 be briefly ^!3  #ie4 ,fir/--,! body mu/
 be made z beautiful & p]fect 9 its y\? 
z x c be1 :olly irrespective ( ult]ior  
purpose4 ,if y mean aft]w>ds to set !   
creature to bus9ess :i* w degrade its   
body & %ort5 its life1 fir/1 ,i %\ld    
say1 simply1--y _h bett] let su* bus9ess
 alone2--b if y mu/ h x done1 someh[1   
yet let ! liv+ creature1 :om y mean to  
kill1 get ! full /r5g? ( its body fir/1 
& ta/e ! joy1 & be> ! beauty ( y\?4     
,aft] t1 poison x1 if y w4              
,economically1 ! arrangem5t is a wis]   
"o1 = x w take long] 9 ! kill+ ?an if y 
began ) x y\ng]2 & y w get an excess (  

"w out ( x :i* w m ?an pay = its tra9+4 
,!re=e1 fir/ tea*--z ,i h said 9 !      
preface to ',unto ?is ,la/'--,! ,laws ( 
,heal?1 & ex]cises enjo9$ by !m2 &1 to  
?is end1 y\r s*ools mu/ be 9 fre%       
c\ntry1 & amid/ fre% air1 & h great     
ext5ts ( l& atta*$ to !m 9 p]man5t      
e/ate4 ,rid+1 runn+1 all ! hone/1       
p]sonal ex]cises ( (f5se & def5se1 &    
music1 %\ld be ! primal heads ( ?is     
bodily education4  #if4 ,next to ^!     
bodily accompli%m5ts1 ! two great m5tal 
graces %\ld be taught1 ,rev]5ce &       
,compassion3 n t ^! are 9 a lit]al s5se 
to be taught1 = !y are innate 9 e       
well-born human creature1 b !y h to be  
develop$ exactly z ! /r5g? ( ! body mu/ 
be1 by delib]ate & con/ant ex]cise4 ,i  
nev] und]/ood :y ,goe! 79 ! plan (      
education 9 ',wilhelm ,mei/]'7 says t   
rev]5ce is n innate1 b mu/ be taught f  
)\t2 x seems to me s fix$ly a function (
 ! human _s1 t if m5 c get no?+ else to 
rev]5ce !y w wor%ip a fool1 or a /one1  
or a vegetable4,a ,b to tea* rev]5ce    

rightly is to atta* x to ! "r p]sons &  
?+s2 fir/1 by sett+ ov] y\r y\? ma/]s   
:om !y _c b love & respect2 next1 by    
ga!r+ = !m1 out ( pa/ hi/ory1 :atev] has
 be5 mo/ wor?y 9 human de$s & human     
passion2 & lead+ !m cont9ually to dwell 
^u su* in/ances1 mak+ ?is ! pr9cipal    
elem5t ( emotional excitem5t to !m2 &1  
la/ly1 by lett+ !m ju/ly feel1 z f> z   
may be1 ! smallness ( _! own p[]s & k1 z
 comp>$ ) ! atta9m5ts ( o!rs4      ,a   
,by /eady prea*+ aga9/ x1 "o may qu5*   
rev]5ce1     & br+ insol5ce to its      
height2 b ! in/9ct _c be     :olly      
uproot$4  #ig4 ,compassion1 on ! o!r h&1
 is to be taught *iefly by mak+ x a po9t
 ( honor1 collat]ally ) c\rage1 & 9 !   
same rank 7z inde$ ! complem5t & evid5ce
 ( c\rage71 s t1 9 ! code ( unwritt5    
s*ool law1 x %all be held z %ameful to h
 done a cruel ?+ z a c[>dly "o4 ,all    
infliction ( pa9 on weak] creatures is  
to be /igmatiz$ z unmanly crime2 & e    
possible opportunity tak5 to ex]cise !  
y\?s 9 (fices ( "s practical help1 & to 

acqua9t !m ) ! realities ( ! di/ress    
:i*1 9 ! joyfulness ( ent]+ into life1 x
 is s difficult1 = ^? :o h n se5 home   
suff]+1 to conceive4  #ih4 ,rev]5ce1 !n1
 & compassion1 we are to tea* prim>ily1 
& ) ^!1 z ! bond & gu>dian ( !m1 tru? ( 
_s & ^w1 ( ?\ght & sight4 ,tru?1 e>ne/ &
 passionate1 s\ght = l a treasure1 &    
kept l a cr[n4  ,?is tea*+ ( tru? z a   
habit w be ! *ief "w ! ma/] has to d2 & 
x w ent] into all p>ts ( education4     
,fir/1 y mu/ accu/om ! *ildr5 to close  
accuracy ( /atem5t2 ?is bo? z a pr9ciple
 ( honor1 & z an accompli%m5t (         
language1 mak+ !m try always :o %all    
speak true/1 bo? z reg>ds ! fact he has 
to relate or express 7n conceal+ or     
exagg]at+71 & z reg>ds ! precision ( !  
words he expresses x 91 ?us mak+ tru?   
7:i*1 inde$1 x is7 ! te/ ( p]fect       
language1 & giv+ ! int5sity ( a moral   
purpose to ! /udy & art ( words3 !n     
c>ry+ ?is accuracy into all habits (    
?\ght & obs]vation also1 s z always to  
?9k ( ?+s z !y truly are1 & to see !m z 

!y truly are1 z f> z 9 u re/s4 ,& x does
 re/ mu* 9 our p[]1 = all false ?\ghts &
 see+s come ma9ly ( our ?9k+ ( :at we h 
no bus9ess )1 & look+ = ?+s we want to  
see1 in/ead ( ?+s t ought to be se54    
#ii4 ,d n talk b ( :at y "k2 d n ?9k b (
 :at y h mat]ials to ?9k ju/ly ^u2 & d n
 look = ?+s only t y l1 :5 !re are o!rs 
to be se5--?is is ! lesson to be taught 
to our y\?1 & inbr$ 9 !m2 & t ma9ly by  
our own example & cont95ce4 ,nev] tea* a
 *ild any?+ ( :i* y are n y\rself sure2 
&1 above all1 if y feel anxi\s to =ce   
any?+ into its m9d 9 t5d] ye>s1 t !     
virtue ( y\? & e>ly association may fa/5
 x !re1 be sure x is no lie :i* y ?us   
sanctify4 ,!re is always m to be taught 
( absolute1 incontrov]tible k1 op5 to   
its capacity1 ?an any *ild c le>n2 !re  
is no ne$ to tea* x any?+ d\btful4      
,bett] t x %\ld be ignorant ( a ?\s&    
tru?s1 ?an h consecrat$ 9 its he>t a    
s+le lie4  #ajj4 ,& = ?is1 z well z = _m
 o!r reasons1 ! pr9cipal subjects (     
education1 aft] hi/ory1 ought to be     

natural sci5ce & ma!matics2 b ) respect 
to ^! /udies1 y\r s*ools w require to be
 divid$ into ?ree gr\ps3 "o = *ildr5 :o 
w probably h to live 9 cities1 "o = ^?  
:o w live 9 ! c\ntry1 & "o = ^? :o w    
live at sea2 ! s*ools = ^! la/1 ( c\rse1
 be+ always plac$ on ! coa/4 ,& = *ildr5
 ^: life is to be 9 cities1 ! subjects (
 /udy %\ld be1 z f> z _! disposition w  
all[ ( x1 ma!matics & ! arts2 = *ildr5  
:o are to live 9 ! c\ntry1 natural      
hi/ory ( birds1 insects1 & plants1      
toge!r ) agriculture taught practically2
 & = *ildr5 :o are to be seam51 physical
 geography1 a/ronomy1 & ! natural hi/ory
 ( sea-fi% & sea-birds4  #aja4 ,?is1 !n1
 be+ ! g5]al c\rse & mat]ial ( education
 = all *ildr51 obs]ve f>!r1 t 9 !       
preface to ',unto ?is ,la/' ,i said t e 
*ild1 besides pass+ ?r\gh ?is c\rse1 0  
at s*ool to le>n ! call+ by :i* x 0 to  
live4 ,& x may p]haps appe> to y t aft]1
 or ev5 9 ! e>ly /ages ( education su* z
 ?is above describ$1 !re are _m call+s  
:i*1 h[ev] mu* call$ to !m1 ! *ildr5    

might n will+ly det]m9e to le>n or live 
by4 ,probably1 y may say1 aft] !y h     
le>n$ to ride1 & f5ce1 & s+1 & "k birds 
& fl[]s1 x w be little to _! lik+ to    
make !mselves into tailors1 c>p5t]s1    
%oemak]s1 blacksmi?s1 & ! l4 ,& ,i _c b 
agree ) y z to ! exce$+ probability ( "s
 su* reluctance on _! "p1 :i* w be a v  
awkw>d /ate ( ?+s inde$1 7s9ce we c by  
no means get on )\t tailor+ & %oemak+17 
& "o to be m$itat$ ^u v s]i\sly 9 next  
lett]4  #ajb4 ,p4,s4--,?ank y = s5d+ me 
y\r fri5d's lett] ab\t ,gu/ave ,dor2 he 
is wrong1 h[ev]1 9 ?9k+ !re is any good 
9 ^? illu/rations ( ',ela9e4' ,i _h     
int5d$ to speak ( !m aft]w>ds1 = x is to
 my m9d q z significant--almo/ z        
awful--a sign ( :at is go+ on 9 ! mid/ (
 u1 t our great ,engli% poet %\ld h     
suff]$ 8 "w to be ?us contam9at$1 z t ! 
l[] ,evangelicals1 nev] notable = s5se 9
 ! arts1 %\ld h got _! ,bibles di%onor$4
 ,^? ',ela9e' illu/rations are j z      
impure z any?+ else t ,dor has done2 b  
!y are also vapid1 & )\t any "o m]it    

:atev] 9 po9t ( art4 ,! illu/rations to 
! ',contes ,drlatiques' are full ( p[] &
 inv5tion2 b ^? to ',ela9e' are m]ely & 
simply /upid2 !atrical btises1 ) ! ta9t 
( ! *>nel-h\se on !m besides4           
,,lett] ,,xvii4  ,,! ,,relations ,,(    
,,education ,,to ,,position ,,9 ,,life4 
,april #c1 #ahfg4  #ajc4 ,i am n q sure 
t y w feel ! awkw>dness ( ! dilemma ,i  
got into at ! end ( la/ lett]1 z mu* z  
,i d myself4 ,y work+ m5 h be5 cr[+ &   
peacock+ at su* a rate lately2 & sett+  
y\rselves =? s confid5tly = ! cream (   
society1 & ! top ( ! _w1 t p]haps y w n 
anticipate any ( ! difficulties :i*     
sugge/ !mselves to a ?or\ghbr$ ,tory &  
,cons]vative1 l me4 ,p]haps y w expect a
 y\? prop]ly educat$--a good            
rid]--musician--& well-gr\nd$ s*ol> 9   
natural philosophy1 to ?9k x a /ep (    
promotion :5 he has to g & be made a    
tailor (1 or a coalheav]8 ,if y d1 ,i   
%\ld v will+ly admit t y might be "r1 & 
g on to ! f>!r developm5t ( my notions  
)\t paus+ at ?is /umbl+-block1 7 x n t1 

unluckily1 all ! wise/ m5 ^: say+s ,i   
ev] he>d or read1 agree 9 express+ 7"o  
way or ano!r7 j su* contempt = ^? useful
 occupations1 z ,i dread on ! "p ( my   
fooli%ly ref9$ s*ol>s4 ,%akespe>e &     
,*auc]1--,dante & ,virgil1--,horace &   
,p9d>1--,hom]1 s*ylus1 & ,plato1--all ! 
m5 ( any age or c\ntry :o seem to h _h  
,heav5's music on _! lips1 agree 9 _!   
scorn ( me*anic life4 ,& ,i imag9e t !  
feel+ ( prud5t ,engli%m51 & s5sible z   
well z s5sitive ,engli%wom51 on read+ my
 la/ lett]1 w\ld mo/ly be--,is ! man    
mad1 or laugh+ at u1 to propose educat+ 
! work+ classes ?is way8 ,he c\ld n1 if 
8 wild s*eme 7 possible1 f9d a bett]    
me?od ( mak+ !m acutely wret*$4  #ajd4  
,x may be s1 my s5sible & polite fri5ds2
 & ,i am he>tily will+1 z well z curi\s1
 to he> y develop y\r own s*eme (       
op]ative education1 s only t x be       
univ]sal1 ord]ly1 & c>eful4 ,i d n say t
 ,i %all be prep>$ to advocate my       
a?letics & philosophies in/ead4 ,only1  
obs]ve :at y admit1 or imply1 9 br++    

=w>d y\r possibly wis] sy/em4 ,y imply t
 a c]ta9 portion ( mank9d mu/ be employ$
 9 degrad+ "w2 & t1 to fit !m = ?is "w1 
x is necess>y to limit _! k1 _! active  
p[]s1 & _! enjoym5ts1 f *ildhood upw>ds1
 s t !y may n be able to conceive ( any 
/ate bett] ?an ! "o !y 7 born 91 nor    
possess any k or acquirem5ts inconsi/5t 
) ! co>s5ess1 or di/urb+ ! monotony1 (  
_! vulg> occupation4 ,& by _! labor 9   
?is contract$ /ate ( m9d1 we sup]ior    
be+s are to be ma9ta9$2 & always to be  
curtsey$ to by ! prop]ly ignorant little
 girls1 & capp$ by ! prop]ly ignorant   
little boys1 :5ev] we pass by4  #aje4   
,m9d1 ,i d n say t ?is is n ! "r /ate ( 
?+s4 ,only1 if x be1 y ne$ n be s       
ov]-p>ticul> ab\t ! slave-trade1 x seems
 to me4 ,:at is ! use ( argu+ s         
p]t9aci\sly t a black's skull w hold z  
mu* z a :ite's1 :5 y are decl>+ 9 ! same
 brea? t a :ite's skull mu/ n hold z mu*
 z x c1 or x w be ! worse = him8 ,x does
 n appe> to me at all a pr(\nd /ate (   
slav]y to be :ipp$ into do+ a piece ( l[

 "w t ,i don't l2 b x is a v pr(\nd /ate
 ( slav]y to be kept1 myself1 l[ 9 !    
=ehead1 t ,i may n dislike l[ "w4  #ajf4
 ,y see1 my fri5d1 ! dilemma is really  
an awkw>d "o1 :i*ev] way y look at x4   
,b1 :at is /ill worse1 ,i am n puzzl$   
only1 at ?is "p ( my s*eme1 ab\t ! boys 
,i %all h to make workm5 (2 ,i am j z   
mu* puzzl$ ab\t ! boys ,i %all h to make
 no?+ (6 ,grant1 t by hook or crook1 by 
reason or rattan1 ,i p]suade a c]ta9    
numb] ( ! r\ghe/ ones into "s s]viceable
 bus9ess1 & get coats & %oes made = !   
re/1--:at is ! bus9ess ( ! re/ to be8   
,naturally1 accord+ to ! exi/+ /ate (   
?+s1 "o supposes !y are to belong to "s 
( ! g5tlemanly pr(essions2 to be        
soldi]s1 lawy]s1 doctors1 or cl]gym54 ,b
 alas1 ,i %all n want any soldi]s (     
special skill or pugnacity4 ,all my boys
 w be soldi]s4 ,s f> f want+ any lawy]s1
 ( ! k9d t live by talk+1 ,i %all h !   
/ronge/ possible objection to _!        
appe>ance 9 ! c\ntry4 ,= doctors1 ,i    
%all always ent]ta9 a pr(\nd respect2 b 

:5 ,i get my a?letic education fairly   
e/abli%$1 ( :at help to !m w my respect 
be8 ,!y w all />ve6 ,& = cl]gym51 x is  
true1 ,i %all h a l>ge numb] (          
episcopates--"o ov] e hundr$            
families--7& _m positions ( civil       
au?ority also1 = civil (fic]s1 above !m 
& bel[71 b all ^! places w involve mu*  
h>d "w1 & be any?+ b covetable2 :ile1 ( 
cl]gym5's usual "w1 admonition1         
!ological demon/ration1 & ! l1 ,i %all  
want v little done inde$1 & t little    
done = no?+6 = ,i w all[ no man to      
admoni% anybody1 until he has previ\sly 
e>n$ 8 own d9n] by m productive "w ?an  
admonition4  ,well1 ,i wi%1 my fri5d1 y 
w\ld write me a ^w or two 9 answ] to    
?is1 tell+ me y\r own ideas z to ! prop]
 issue out ( ^! difficulties4 ,i %\ld l 
to "k :at y ?9k1 & :at y suppose o!rs w 
?9k1 be=e ,i tell y my own notions ab\t 
! matt]4     ,,lett] ,,xviii4  ,,!      
,,h>mful ,,effects ,,( ,,s]vile         
,,employm5ts4 ,,! ,,possible ,,practice 
,,& ,,exhibition ,,( ,,s9c]e ,,humility 

,,by ,,religi\s ,,p]sons4               
,april #g1 #ahfg4  #ajg4 ,i h be5 wait+ 
^! ?ree days to "k :at y w\ld say to my 
la/ que/ions2 & n[ y s5d me two         
pamphlets ( ,combe's to read6 ,i nev]   
read any?+ 9 spr+-"t 7except ! ,ai1 ,ai1
 on ! sangu9e fl[] inscrib$ ) woe72 &1  
besides1 if1 z ,i ga!r f y\r lett]1     
,combe ?9ks t among well-educat$ boys   
!re w\ld be a p]c5tage con/itutionally  
incl9$ to be cobbl]s1 or look+ =w>d )   
unction to e/abli%m5t 9 ! oil & tall[   
l9e1 or frett+ !mselves = a flunkey's   
uni=m1 no?+ t he c\ld say w\ld make me  
agree ) him4 ,i "k1 z well z he does1 ! 
unconqu]able diff]5ces 9 ! clay ( !     
human creature3 & ,i "k t1 9 ! outset1  
:atev] sy/em ( education y adopt$1 a    
l>ge numb] ( *ildr5 c\ld be made no?+ (1
 & w\ld necess>ily fall out ( ! ranks1 &
 supply c&idates en\gh = degradation to 
common me*anical bus9ess3 b ?is enorm\s 
diff]5ce 9 bodily & m5tal capacity has  
be5 ma9ly br\ght ab\t by diff]5ce 9     
occupation1 & by direct maltreatm5t2 & 9

 a few g5]ations1 if ! poor 7 c>$ =1 _! 
m>riages look$ aft]1 & sanit>y law      
en=c$1 a beautiful type ( face & =m1 & a
 high intellig5ce1 w\ld become all b    
univ]sal1 9 a climate l ?is ( ,engl&4   
,ev5 z x is1 ! m>vel is always to me1 h[
 ! race resi/s1 at lea/ 9 its *ildhood1 
influ5ces ( ill-regulat$ bir?1 poison$  
food1 poison$ air1 & s\l neglect4 ,i (t5
 see faces ( *ildr51 z ,i walk ?r\gh !  
black di/rict ( ,/4 ,giles's 7ly+1 z x  
does1 j betwe5 my own h\se & ! ,briti%  
,museum71 :i*1 ?r\gh all _! pale &      
corrupt mis]y1 recall ! old ,non ,angli1
 & recall x1 n by _! beauty1 b by _!    
sweetness ( expression1 ev5 ?\gh sign$  
already ) trace & cl\d ( ! com+ life1--a
 life s bitt] t x w\ld make ! curse ( ! 
#acg? ,psalm true ^u our mod]n ,babylon1
 ?\gh we 7 to read x ?us1 ,happy %all ?y
 *ildr5 be1 if "o take? & da%e? !m aga9/
 ! /ones4  #ajh4 ,yes1 v solemnly ,i    
repeat to y t 9 ^? wor/ treat$ *ildr5 ( 
! ,engli% race1 ,i yet see ! mak+ (     
g5tlem5 & g5tlewom5--n ! mak+ (         

dog-/eal]s & g9-dr9k]s1 su* z _! p>5ts  
72 & ! *ild ( ! av]age ,engli% tradesman
 or peasant1 ev5 at ?is day1 well       
s*ool$1 w %[ no innate disposition su* z
 mu/ fett] him =ev] to ! clod or !      
c\nt]4 ,y say t _m a boy runs away1 or  
w\ld run away if he c\ld1 f good        
positions to g to sea4 ,( c\rse he does4
 ,i nev] said ,i %\ld h any difficulty 9
 f9d+ sailors1 b ,i %all 9 f9d+         
fi%mong]s4 ,i am at no loss = g>d5]s    
ei!r1 b :at am ,i to d = gre5groc]s8    
#aji4 ,! fact is1 a great numb] ( q     
necess>y employm5ts are1 9 ! accurate/  
s5se1 ,s]vile2 t is1 !y s9k a man to !  
condition ( a s]f1 or un?9k+ work]1 !   
prop] /ate ( an animal1 b m or less     
unwor?y ( m52 nay1 unholy 9 "s s5se1 s t
 a day is made holy by ! fact ( its be+ 
comm&$1 ,?\ %alt d no s]vile "w !re94 ,&
 yet1 if und]tak5 9 a c]ta9 _s1 su* "w  
might be ! holie/ ( all4 ,if !re 7 b a  
?read or two ( s\nd fib] "h & !re left 9
 our mod]n religion1 s t ! /uff ( x w\ld
 be> a real /ra91 "o might address our  

two opposite gr\ps ( evangelicals &     
rituali/s some:at aft] ?is              
fa%ion3--,good fri5ds1 ^! diff]5ces (   
op9ion betwe5 y _c b be pa9ful to y\r   
,*ri/ian *>ity1 & !y are unseemly to u1 
! pr(ane2 & prev5t u f le>n+ f y :at1   
p]haps1 we ought4 ,b1 z we read y\r     
,book1 we1 = our "p1 ga!r f x t y might1
 )\t dang] to y\r own s\ls1 set an      
undivid$ example to u1 = ! b5efit (     
ours4 ,y1 bo? ( y1 z f> z we und]/&1    
agree 9 ! necessity ( humility to !     
p]fection ( y\r "*4 ,we (t5 he> y1 (    
,calv9i/ic p]suasion1 speak+ ( y\rselves
 z 's9ful du/ & a%es1'--w\ld x !n be    
inconsi/5t ) y\r feel+s to make         
y\rselves into 's]viceable' du/ & a%es8 
,we obs]ve t ( late _m ( our roads h be5
 h>d5$ & m5d$ ) c9d]s2 n[1 if1 9 a high]
 s5se1 y c\ld all[ u to m5d ! roads ( ! 
_w ) y a little1 x w\ld be a great pro( 
to u ( y\r s9c]ity4 ,suppose1 only = a  
little :ile1 9 ! pres5t difficulty &    
di/ress1 y 7 to make x a te/ ( conv]sion
 t a man %\ld regul>ly give ,zac*eus's  

portion1 half 8 goods1 to ! poor1 & at  
once adopt "s disagreeable & despis$1 b 
?or\ghly useful1 trade8 ,y _c ?9k t ?is 
w\ld f9ally be to y\r disadvantage2 y   
d\btless believe ! texts1 ',he t give?  
to ! poor l5de? to ! ,"l1' & ',he t w\ld
 be *ief among y1 let him be y\r        
s]vant4' ,! m y p>t$ )1 & ! l[] y /oop$1
 ! great] w\ld be y\r f9al rew>d1 & f9al
 exaltation4 ,y pr(ess to despise human 
le>n+ & worldly ri*es2 leave bo? ( ^! to
 u2 und]take = u ! illit]ate & ill-paid 
employm5ts :i* mu/ deprive y ( !        
privileges ( society & ! pleasures (    
luxury4 ,y _c possibly prea* y\r fai? s 
=cibly to ! _w by any quantity ( ! f9e/ 
words1 z by a few su* simple & pa9ful   
acts2 & ov] y\r c\nt]s1 9 hone/ retail  
bus9ess1 y might prea* a gospel t w\ld  
s\nd 9 m e>s ?an any t 0 ev] proclaim$  
ov] pulpit cu%ions or tab]nacle rails4  
,&1 :atev] may be y\r gifts ( utt]ance1 
y _c b feel 7/udy+ ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/les 
z c>efully z y d7 t y might m easily &  
mode/ly emulate ! practical tea*+ ( !   

sil5t ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles ?an ! spee*  
or writ+ ( 8 companion4 ,amid/ ! pres5t 
discom=ts ( y\r bre?r5 y may surely1 )  
great] prospect ( good to !m1 seek !    
title ( ,sons ( ,consolation1 ?an (     
,sons ( ,?und]1 & be satisfi$ )         
,b>nabas's confession ( fai?1 7if y c   
rea* no f>!r17 :o1 'hav+ l&1 sold x1 &  
br\ght ! money & laid x at ! ,apo/les'  
feet4'  #aaj4 ,to y1 on ! o!r h&1       
g5tlem5 ( ! embroid]$ robe1 :o nei!r    
despise le>n+ nor ! arts1 we "k t       
sacrifices su* z ^! w\ld be truly       
pa9ful1 & might at fir/ appe> inexp$i5t4
 ,b ! doctr9e ( self-mortification is n 
a new "o to y2 & we %\ld be sorry to    
?9k--we w\ld n1 inde$1 = a mom5t di%onor
 y by ?9k+--t ^! melodi\s *ants1 &      
prismatic brightnesses ( vitre\s        
pictures1 & floral graces ( deep-wr\ght 
/one1 7 9 any wise int5d$ = y\r own poor
 pleasures1 :atev] pr(ane attraction !y 
may ex]cise on m fle%ly-m9d$ p]sons4 ,& 
z y h c]ta9ly receiv$ no def9ite ord] = 
! pa9t+1 c>v+1 or light+ up ( *ur*es1   

:ile ! temple ( ! body ( s _m poor liv+ 
,*ri/ians is s pale1 s mis-%ap51 & s    
ill-light$2 b h1 on ! contr>y1 receiv$ v
 def9ite ord]s = ! fe$+ & clo?+ ( su*   
sad humanity1 we may surely ask y1 n    
unreasonably1 to humiliate y\rselves 9 !
 mo/ complete way--n ) a volunt>y1 b a  
/]nly 9volunt>y humility--n ) a %[ (    
wisdom 9 w-wor%ip1 b ) practical wisdom1
 9 all honor1 to ! satisfy+ ( ! fle%2 & 
to associate y\rselves 9 mona/]ies &    
conv5ts = ! bett] practice ( useful &   
humble trades4 ,d n burn any m c&les1 b 
m\ld "s2 d n pa9t any m w9d[s1 b m5d a  
few :]e ! w9d comes 91 9 w9t] "t1 )     
sub/antial cle> glass & putty4 ,d n     
vault any m high ro(s1 b ?at* "s l[     
ones2 & embroid] r on backs :i* are     
turn$ to ! cold1 ?an only on ^? :i* are 
turn$ to congregations4 ,& y w h y\r    
rew>d aft]w>ds1 & atta91 ) all y\r      
flocks ?us t5d$1 to a place :]e y may h 
z mu* gold1 & pa9t$ glass1 & s++1 z y l4
  ,?us mu*1 x seems to me1 "o might say 
) "s hope ( acceptance1 to any v e>ne/  

memb] ( ei!r ( our two great religi\s   
p>ties1 if1 z ,i say1 _! fai? c\ld /& a 
/ra94 ,i h n1 h[ev]1 bas$ any ( my      
imag9>y political arrangem5ts on !      
probability ( its do+ s2 & ,i tru/ only 
to su* g5]al good nature & will+ness to 
help ea* o!r1 z ,i presume may be f\nd  
among m5 ( ! _w2 to :om ,i %\ld h to    
make q ano!r sort ( spee*1 :i* ,i w     
endeavor to set d[n ! heads (1 = y1 9   
next lett]4     ,,lett] ,,xix4  ,,!     
,,g5]al ,,pressure ,,( ,,excessive ,,&  
,,improp] ,,"w1 ,,9 ,,engli% ,,life4    
,april #aj1 #ahfg4  #aaa4 ,i _c g on    
to-day ) ! "p ( my subject ,i _h        
propos$1 = ,i 0 di/urb$ by receiv+ a    
lett] la/ night1 :i* ,i h]e) enclose to 
y1 & ( :i* ,i wi% y to pr9t1 "h foll[+1 
! p>ts ,i h n und]l9$--                 
#a1 ,ph5e ,/reet1 ,*elsea1 ,april #h1   
#ahfg4       ,,my ,,de> ,r----1--       
,x is long s9ce y h he>d ( me1 & n[ ,i  
ask y\r      pati5ce ) me = a little4 ,i
 h b j return$ f      ! fun]al ( my de>1
 de> fri5d ----1 ! fir/ arti/      fri5d

 ,i made 9 ,london--a lov$ & priz$ "o4  
,= ye>s      pa/ he _h liv$ 9 ! v       
humble/ way1 fight+ 8      battle ( life
 aga9/ mean appreciation ( 8 tal5ts1 !  
wants ( a ris+ family1 & frequ5t attacks
 ( illness1      crippl+ him = mon?s at 
a "t1 ! wolf at ! door      mean:ile4   
,b ab\t two ye>s s9ce 8 prospects       
bright5$ 99 99 99 &      he _h b a few  
weeks s9ce v5tur$ on removal to a l>g]  
h\se4 ,8 elde/ boy ( sev5te5 ye>s1 a v  
intellig5t      y\?1 s /rongly desir$ to
 be a civil eng9e] t ,mr4      ----1 n  
be+ able to pay ! l>ge premium requir$ =
      8 appr5tice%ip1 _h be5 made v glad
 by ! cons5t      ( ,mr4 ,p5n1 (        
,millwall1 to receive him )\t a premium 
aft] ! boy %\ld h sp5t "s "t at ,k+'s   
,college      9 ! /udy ( me*anics4 ,!   
re/ is a sad /ory4 ,ab\t a      =tnight 
ago ,mr4 ---- 0 tak5 ill1 & di$ la/     
week1      ! doctors say1 ( %e] physical
 exhau/ion1 n      ?irty-n9e ye>s old1  
leav+ eight "y *ildr51 & 8      poor    
wid[ expect+ h] conf9em5t1 & s weak &   

ill z      to be incapable ( ef=t4 ,?is 
y\? is ! elde/1 & !      o!r *ildr5     
range d[nw>ds to a babe ( eighte5 mon?s4
      ,!re is n "o :o knew him1 ,i      
believe1 t w n give      *e]fully1 to _!
 ability1 = 8 wid[ & *ildr52      b su* 
aid w g b a little way 9 ?is pa9ful     
case2      & x w\ld be a real boon to   
?is poor wid[ if "s (      h] *ildr5    
c\ld be got into an ,orphan ,asylum4 99 
99 99       ,if y are able to d any?+ ,i
 w\ld s5d p>ticul>s (      ! age & sex (
 ! *ildr54               ,i rema91 de>  
,sir1 ev] ob$i5tly y\rs1                
,,fr$4 ,j4 ,,%ields4       ,p4,s4--,i   
ought to say t poor ---- has be5 q      
unable to      save1 ) 8 l>ge family2 & 
t !y w\ld be utt]ly      de/itute n[1 b 
= ! k9dness ( "s ) :om he 0             
pr(essionally connect$4  #aab4 ,n[ ?is  
case1 ( :i* y see ! entire au!nticity1  
is1 out ( ! _m ( :i* ,i he> cont9ually1 
a notably sad "o only 9 s f> z ! arti/ 9
 "q has di$ ( di/ress :ile he 0 cat]+ = 
! public amusem5t4 ,h>dly a week n[     

passes )\t "s su* mis]y com+ to my k2 & 
! quantity ( pa91 & anxiety ( daily     
ef=t1 ?r\gh ! be/ "p ( life1 end+ all at
 la/ 9 utt] grief1 :i* ! l[] middle     
classes 9 ,engl& are n[ suff]+1 is s    
great t ,i feel con/antly z if ,i 7 liv+
 9 "o great *ur*y>d1 ) p all r\nd me    
cl++ feebly to ! edges ( ! op5 graves1 &
 call+ = help1 z !y fall back into !m1  
out ( sight4  #aac4 ,n[ ,i want y to    
obs]ve "h1 9 a def9ite case1 ! work+ (  
y\r beautiful mod]n political economy ( 
supply & dem&4 ,"h is a man :o c\ld h   
suppli$ y ) good & ent]ta9+ art1--say = 
fifty good ye>s1--if y _h paid him en\gh
 = 8 day's "w to f9d him & 8 *ildr5     
peacefully 9 bread4 ,b y l hav+ y\r     
pr9ts z *eap z possible--y triumph 9 !  
little t y\r laugh co/s--y take all y c 
get f ! man1 give ! lea/ y c give to    
him1--& y accord+ly kill him at         
?irty-n9e2 & !reaft] h 8 *ildr5 to take 
c>e (1 or to kill also1 :i*ev] y *oose2 
b1 n[1 obs]ve1 y mu/ take c>e ( !m =    
no?+1 or n at all2 & :at y might h _h   

good value =1 if y _h giv5 x :5 x w\ld h
 *e]$ ! fa!r's he>t1 y n[ c h no return 
= at all1 to y\rselves2 & :at y give to 
! orphans1 if x does n degrade !m1 at   
lea/ afflicts1 com+1 n ?r\gh _! fa!r's  
h&1 its hone/ e>n+s1 b f /rang]s4       
,obs]ve1 f>!r1 :atev] help ! orphans may
 receive1 w n be f ! public at all4 ,x w
 n be f ^? :o pr(it$ by _! fa!r's       
labors2 x w be *iefly f 8 fell[-labor]s2
 or f p]sons ^: money w\ld h be5        
b5eficially sp5t 9 o!r directions1 f    
:5ce x is drawn away to ?is ne$1 :i*    
ought nev] to h occurr$1--:ile ^? :o    
wa/e _! money )\t do+ any s]vice to !   
public w nev] contribute "o f>?+ to ?is 
di/ress4  #aad4 ,n[ x is ?is d\ble fault
 9 ! help--t x comes too late1 & t !    
burd5 ( x falls :olly on ^? :o ought    
lea/ to be *>g$ ) x--:i* w\ld be        
correct$ by t in/itution ( ov]se]s ( :i*
 ,i spoke to y 9 ! twelf? ( ^! lett]s1  
say+1 y rememb]1 t !y 7 to h f>!r legal 
p[]s1 :i* ,i did n !n specify1 b :i*    
w\ld belong to !m *iefly 9 ! capacity ( 

public almon]s1 or help-giv]s1 aid$ by  
_! deacons1 ! reception ( su* help1 9 "t
 ( true ne$1 be+ n held disgraceful1 b  
honorable2 s9ce ! fact ( its reception  
w\ld be s entirely public t no impo/or  
or idle p]son c\ld ev] obta9 x          
surreptiti\sly4  #aae4 7#aa? ,april47 ,i
 0 int]rupt$ ye/]day1 & ,i am glad ( x1 
= "h happ5s j an in/ance ( ! way 9 :i* !
 unju/ di/ribution ( ! burd5 ( *>ity is 
reflect$ on g5]al int]e/s2 ,i _c help   
:at ta9t ( ungracefulness y or o!r      
read]s ( ^! lett]s may feel t ,i incur1 
9 speak+1 9 ?is in/ance1 ( myself4 ,if  
,i c\ld speak ) ! same accurate k ( any 
"o else1 mo/ gladly ,i w\ld2 b ,i also  
?9k x "r t1 :e!r p accuse me ( boa/+ or 
n1 !y %\ld "k t ,i practise :at ,i      
prea*4 ,i _h n int5d$ to say :at ,i n[  
%all1 b ! com+ ( ?is lett] la/ night j  
turns ! balance ( ! decision ) me4 ,i   
enclose x ) ! o!r2 y see x is "o f my   
booksell]1 ,mr4 ,qu>it*1 (f]+ me        
,fis*]'s "w on ! ,flora ( ,java1 &      
,lat\r's on ,indian ,or*idace1 b\nd     

toge!r1 = tw5ty gu9eas4 ,n[1 ,i am writ+
 a book on botany j n[1 = "y p1 *iefly  
on wild fl[]s1 & ,i want ^! two books v 
mu*2 b ,i simply _c af=d to buy !m1     
because ,i s5t my la/ sp>e tw5ty gu9eas 
to ,mr4 ,%ields ye/]day = ?is wid[4 ,&  
?\gh y may ?9k x n ! affair ( ! public t
 ,i h n ?is book on ,indian fl[]s1 x is 
_! affair f9ally1 t :at ,i write = !m   
%\ld be f\nd$ on z broad k z possible2  
:atev] value my own book may or may n h1
 x w j be 9 a giv5 degree wor? less to  
!m1 because ( my want ( ?is k4  #aaf4 ,s
 aga9--= hav+ begun to speak ( myself ,i
 w d s yet m frankly--,i suppose t :5 p 
see my "n d[n = a hundr$ p\nds to !     
,cruik%ank ,memorial1 & = ano!r hundr$  
to ! ,eyre ,def5se ,fund1 !y ?9k only t 
,i h m money ?an ,i "k :at to d )4      
,well1 ! giv+ ( ^? subscriptions simply 
decides ! "q :e!r or no ,i %all be able 
to af=d a j\rney to ,switz]l& ?is ye>1 9
 ! negative2 & ,i want$ to g1 n only =  
heal?'s sake1 b to exam9e ! junctions ( 
! molasse s&/ones & nagelfluh ) ! ,alp9e

 lime/one1 9 ord] to complete "s notes  
,i meant to publi% next spr+ on !       
geology ( ! great nor!rn ,swiss valley2 
notes :i* mu/ n[ lie by me at lea/ =    
ano!r ye>2 & ,i believe ?is delay 7?\gh 
,i say x7 w be really some?+ ( a loss to
 ! travel+ public1 = ! little essay 0   
int5d$ to expla9 to !m1 9 a famili> way1
 ! real wond]fulness ( _! favorite      
m\nta91 ! ,righi2 & to give !m "s       
amusem5t 9 try+ to f9d out :]e !        
_m-color$ pebbles ( x _h come f4 ,b x is
 m important t ,i %\ld1 ) "s /\tness1   
ass]t my respect = ! g5ius & e>ne/      
patriotism ( ,cruik%ank1 & my mu* m ?an 
disrespect = ! ,jamaica ,committee1 ?an 
t ,i %\ld see ! ,alps ?is ye>1 or get my
 essay f9i%$ next spr+2 b ,i tell y !   
fact1 because ,i want y to feel h[1 9   
?us leav+ _! m5 ( wor? to be assi/$ or  
def5d$ only by ^? :o deeply c>e = !m1 ! 
public m or less cripple1 to _! own     
ultimate disadvantage1 j ! p :o c\ld    
s]ve !m 9 o!r ways2 :ile ! speculators &
 money-seek]s1 :o are only mak+ _! pr(it

 out ( ! said public1 ( c\rse take no "p
 9 ! help ( anybody4 ,& ev5 if ! will+  
be>]s c\ld su/a9 ! burd5 anywise        
adequately1 none ( u w\ld compla92 b ,i 
am c]ta9 !re is no man1 :atev] 8 =tune1 
:o is n[ engag$ 9 any e>ne/ (fices (    
k9dness to ^! suff]]s1 especially ( !   
middle class1 among 8 acqua9tance1 :o w 
n be> me witness t = "o we c relieve1 we
 mu/ leave ?ree to p]i%4 ,i h left ?ree1
 myself1 9 ! fir/ ?ree mon?s ( ?is ye>4 
,"o 0 ! arti/ ,paul ,gray1 = :om an     
appeal 0 made to me = funds to assi/ him
 9 go+ abroad out ( ! bitt] ,engli%     
w9t]4 ,i _h n ! means by me1 & he di$ a 
week aft]w>ds4 ,ano!r case 0 t ( a wid[ 
^: husb& _h committ$ suicide1 = :om     
application 0 made to me at ! same "t2 &
 ! ?ird 0 a p]sonal fri5d1 to :om ,i    
refus$ a sum :i* he said w\ld h sav$ him
 f bankruptcy4 ,i believe six times z   
mu* w\ld n h sav$ him2 h[ev]1 ,i refus$1
 & he is ru9$4  #aag4 ,& obs]ve1 also1 x
 is n ! m]e crippl+ ( my means t ,i     
regret4 ,x is ! crippl+ ( my temp]1 &   

wa/e ( my "t4 ,! k ( all ?is di/ress1   
ev5 :5 ,i c assi/ x1--mu* m :5 ,i _c1--&
 ! v>i\s ?\ghts ( :at ,i c & _c1 or     
ought & ought n1 to d1 are a f> great]  
burd5 to me ?an ! m]e loss ( ! money4 ,x
 is p]emptorily n my bus9ess--x is n my 
gift1 bodily or m5tally1 to look aft]   
o!r p's sorr[4 ,i h en\gh ( my own2 &   
ev5 if ,i _h n1 ! sight ( pa9 is n good 
= me4 ,i don't want to be a bi%op4 ,9 a 
mo/ lit]al & s9c]e s5se1 nolo episcop>i4
 ,i don't want to be an almon]1 nor a   
c\nselor1 nor a ,memb] ( ,p>liam5t1 nor 
a vot] = ,memb]s ( ,p>liam5t4 7,:at w\ld
 ,mr4 ,holyoake say to me if he knew t  
,i h nev] vot$ = anybody 9 my life1 &   
nev] mean to d s67 ,i am ess5tially a   
pa9t] & a leaf dissector2 & my p[]s (   
?\ght are all purely ma!matical1 seiz+  
ultimate pr9ciples only--nev] accid5ts2 
a l9e is always1 to me1 l5g? )\t bread?2
 x is n a cable or a cr[b>2 & ?\gh ,i c 
almo/ infallibly reason out ! f9al law (
 any?+1 if )9 rea* ( my indu/ry1 ,i     
nei!r c>e =1 nor c trace1 ! m9or        

exig5cies ( its daily appliance4 ,s1 9 e
 way1 ,i l a quiet life2 & ,i don't l   
see+ p cry1 or die2 & %\ld rejoice1 m   
?an ,i c tell y1 9 giv+ up ! full half (
 my =tune = ! poor1 provid$ ,i knew t ! 
public w\ld make ,"l ,ov]/one also give 
! half ( 81 & o!r p :o 7 indep5d5t give 
! half ( !irs2 & !n set m5 :o 7 really  
fit = su* (fice to adm9i/] ! fund1 &    
answ] to u = nobody's p]i%+ innoc5tly2 &
 s leave u all to d :at we *ose ) ! re/1
 & ) our days1 9 peace4  ,?us f> ( !    
public's fault 9 ! matt]4 ,next1 ,i h a 
^w or two to say ( ! suff]]s' own       
fault--= mu* z ,i pity !m1 ,i conceive t
 none ( !m d p]i% altoge!r innoc5tly4 ,b
 ?is mu/ be = next lett]4     ,,lett]   
,,xx4  ,,( ,,improvid5ce ,,9 ,,m>riage  
,,9 ,,! ,,middle ,,classes2 ,,& ,,( ,,! 
,,advisable ,,re/rictions ,,( ,,x4      
,april #ab1 #ahfg4  #aah4 ,x is q z     
well1 :atev] irregul>ity x may introduce
 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! g5]al subject1 t    
yond] sad lett] w>p$ me away f ! broad  
inquiry1 to ?is speciality1 respect+ !  

pres5t di/ress ( ! middle classes4 ,= ! 
imm$iate cause ( t di/ress1 9 _! own    
imprud5ce1 ( :i* ,i h to speak to y     
to-day1 is only to be f9ally vanqui%$ by
 /rict laws1 :i*1 ?\gh !y h be5 _m a ye>
 9 my m9d1 ,i 0 glad to h a quiet h\r ( 
sun%9e = ! ?9k+ ov] aga91 ?is morn+4    
,sun%9e :i* happily rose cl\dless2 &    
all[$ me to m$itate my tyrannies be=e   
breakfa/1 "u ! j op5$ blossoms ( my     
or*>d1 & assi/$ by mu* melodi\s advice f
 ! birds2 :o 7my g>d5] hav+ positive    
ord]s nev] to tr\ble any ( !m 9 any?+1  
or object to _! eat+ ev5 my be/ peas if 
!y l _! flavor7 r n[ get into my way1   
?an out ( x1 :5 !y see me ab\t ! walks2 
& take me into mo/ ( _! c\nsels 9       
ne/-build+4  #aai4 ,! lett] f ,mr4      
,%ields1 :i* int]rupt$ u1 rea*$ me1 z y 
see1 on ! ev5+ ( ! #i? in/ant4 ,on !    
morn+ ( ! #aj?1 ,i receiv$ ano!r1 :i* ,i
 h]e) =w>d to y1 = v]ification4 ,x      
is--*>act]i/ically en\gh--dateless1 s y 
mu/ take ! "t ( its arrival on my ^w4 ,&
 sub/itut+ ,m4 ,n4 = ! "n ( ! boy ref]r$

 to1 & )hold+ only ! address & "n ( !   
writ]1 y see t x may be pr9t$ ^w = ^w--z
 foll[s3--       ,,sir1--       ,may ,i 
beg = ! favor ( y\r pres5tation to      
,*ri/'s      ,hospital = my y\nge/ son1 
,m4 ,n48 ,i h n9e *ildr51      & no     
means to educate !m4 ,i v5tur$ to       
address y1      believ+ t my husb&'s "n 
is n unkn[n to y z      an arti/4       
,believe me to rema9 fai?fully y\rs1    
99 99 99  #abj4 ,n[ ?is lett] is only a 
typical example ( ! entire class ( ^?   
:i*1 be+ a gov]nor ( ,*ri/'s ,hospital1 
,i receive1 9 common ) all ! o!r        
gov]nors1 at ! rate ( ab\t ?ree a day1 =
 a mon? or six weeks f ! date ( our     
names appe>+ 9 ! pr9t$ li/ ( ! gov]nors 
:o h pres5tations = ! curr5t ye>4 ,hav+ 
be5 a gov]nor n[ "s tw5ty-five ye>s1 ,i 
h docum5t>y evid5ce en\gh to f\nd "s    
g5]al /ati/ics ^u2 f :i* !re h result$  
two impressions on my m9d1 :i* ,i wi% "h
 specially to note to y1 & ,i d n d\bt b
 t all ! o!r gov]nors1 if y c\ld ask !m1
 w\ld at once confirm :at ,i say4 ,my   

fir/ impression is1 a heavy & sorr[ful  
s5se ( ! g5]al feebl5ess ( intellect ( t
 portion ( ! ,briti% public :i* /&s 9   
ne$ ( pres5tations to ,*ri/'s ,hospital4
 ,?is feebl5ess ( intellect is ma9ly %[n
 9 ! ne>ly total unconsci\sness ( !     
writ]s t anybody else may want a        
pres5tation1 besides !mselves4 ,) !     
exception "h & !re ( a soldi]'s or a    
sailor's wid[1 h>dly "o ( !m seems to h 
p]ceiv$ ! exi/5ce ( any di/ress 9 ! _w b
 _! own3 none "k :at !y are ask+ =1 or  
imag9e1 unless z a remote cont+5cy1 !   
possibility ( its hav+ be5 promis$ at a 
prior date4 ,! second mo/ di/9ct        
impression on my m9d1 is t ! portion ( !
 ,briti% public :i* is 9 ne$ (          
pres5tations to ,*ri/'s ,hospital       
consid]s x a m]it to h l>ge families1 ) 
or )\t ! means ( support+ !m6  #aba4 ,n[
 x happ5$ also 7& rememb]1 all ?is is   
/rictly true1 nor 9 ! slighte/ p>ticul> 
repres5t$ o!rwise ?an z x *anc$2 ?\gh ! 
said *ance br\ght ?us toge!r exactly !  
evid5ce ,i want$ = my lett] to y7--x    

happ5$1 ,i say1 t on ?is same morn+ ( ! 
#aj? ,april1 ,i became accid5tally      
acqua9t$ ) a case ( q a diff]5t k9d3 t (
 a noble girl1 :o1 engag$ at sixte51 &  
hav+ receiv$ sev]al advantage\s (f]s    
s9ce1 has rema9$ = t5 ye>s fai?ful to h]
 equally fai?ful lov]2 :ile1 _!         
circum/ances r5d]+ x1 z !y rightly      
consid]$1 unju/ifiable 9 !m to ?9k (    
m>riage1 ea* ( !m simply & happily1 aid$
 & *e]$ by ! o!r's love1 dis*>g$ !      
duties ( _! own sep>ate positions 9     
life4  #abb4 ,9 ! nature ( ?+s1 in/ances
 ( ?is k9d ( noble life rema9 m or less 
conceal$1 7:ile imprud5ce & error       
proclaim !mselves by mis=tune17 b !y are
 assur$ly n unfrequ5t 9 our ,engli%     
homes4 ,let u next obs]ve ! political & 
national result ( ^! arrangem5ts4 ,y    
leave y\r m>riages to be settl$ by      
supply & dem&1 in/ead ( :olesome law4 ,&
 ?us1 among y\r y\?s & maid5s1 !        
improvid5t1 incont95t1 selfi%1 & fooli% 
ones m>ry1 :e!r y w or n2 & beget       
families ( *ildr5 necess>ily inh]itors 9

 a great degree ( ^! p>5tal             
dispositions2 & = :om1 suppos+ !y _h !  
be/ dispositions 9 ! _w1 y h ?us        
provid$1 by way ( educators1 ! fooli%e/ 
fa!rs & mo!rs y c\ld f9d2 7! only       
rational s5t5ce 9 _! lett]s1 usually1 is
 ! inv>iable "o1 9 :i* !y decl>e        
!mselves incapable ( provid+ = _!       
*ildr5's education74 ,on ! o!r h&1      
:osoev] is wise1 pati5t1 unselfi%1 &    
pure among y\r y\?1 y keep maid or      
ba*elor2 wa/+ _! be/ days ( natural life
 9 pa9ful sacrifice1 =bidd+ !m _! be/   
help & be/ rew>d1 & c>efully exclud+ _! 
prud5ce & t5d]ness f any (fices ( p>5tal
 duty4  ,is n ?is a beatific &          
beautifully sagaci\s sy/em = a ,cele/ial
 ,empire1 su* z t ( ^! ,briti% ,isles8  
#abc4 ,i w n "h ent] into any /atem5t ( 
! physical laws :i* x is ! prov9ce ( our
 physicians to expla92 & :i* are inde$  
at la/ s f> beg9n+ to be und]/ood1 t !re
 is hope ( ! nation's giv+ "s ( !       
att5tion to ! conditions affect+ ! race 
( man1 :i* x has hi!rto be/[$ only on ^?

 :i* may bett] its races ( cattle4  ,x  
is en\gh1 ,i ?9k1 to say "h t ! beg9n+ (
 all sanit>y & moral law is 9 !         
regulation ( m>riage1 & t1 ugly & fatal 
z is e =m & ag5cy ( lic5se1 no          
lic5ti\sness is s mortal z lic5ti\sness 
9 m>riage4  #abd4 ,briefly1 !n1 & 9 ma9 
po9ts1 subject 9 m9or ones to su*       
modifications 9 detail z local          
circum/ances & *>act]s w\ld r5d]        
exp$i5t1 ^? foll[+ are laws su* z a     
prud5t nation w\ld in/itute respect+ its
 m>riages4 ,p]mission to m>ry %\ld be ! 
rew>d held 9 sight ( its y\? dur+ !     
entire latt] "p ( ! c\rse ( _!          
education2 & x %\ld be grant$ z !       
national atte/ation t ! fir/ portion (  
_! lives _h be5 rightly fulfill$4 ,x    
%\ld n be atta9able )\t e>ne/ & consi/5t
 ef=t1 ?\gh put )9 ! rea* ( all :o 7    
will+ to make su* ef=t2 & ! grant+ ( x  
%\ld be a public te/imony to ! fact1 t !
 y\? or maid to :om x 0 giv5 _h liv$1 )9
 _! prop] sph]e1 a mode/ & virtu\s life1
 & _h atta9$ su* skill 9 _! prop]       

h&icraft1 & 9 arts ( h\sehold economy1 z
 might give well-f\nd$ expectations ( _!
 be+ able honorably to ma9ta9 & tea* _! 
*ildr54  #abe4 ,no girl %\ld receive h] 
p]mission to m>ry be=e h] sev5te5?      
bir?day1 nor any y\? be=e 8 tw5ty-fir/2 
& x %\ld be a po9t ( some:at di/+ui%$   
honor ) bo? sexes to ga9 _! p]mission ( 
m>riage 9 ! eighte5? & tw5ty-second     
ye>s2 & a recogniz$ disgrace n to h ga9$
 x at lea/ be=e ! close ( _! tw5ty-fir/ 
& tw5ty-f\r?4 ,i d n mean t !y %\ld 9   
any wise ha/5 actual m>riage2 b only t  
!y %\ld hold x a po9t ( honor to h ! "r 
to m>ry4 ,9 e ye> !re %\ld be two       
fe/ivals1 "o on ! fir/ ( ,may1 & "o at !
 fea/ ( h>ve/ home 9 ea* di/rict1 at :i*
 fe/ivals _! p]missions to m>ry %\ld be 
giv5 publicly to ! maid5s & y\?s :o _h  
won !m 9 t half-ye>2 & !y %\ld be cr[n$1
 ! maids by ! old ,fr5* title (         
,rosires1 & ! y\?s1 p]haps by "s "n     
rightly d]iv$ f "o suppos$ signification
 ( ! ^w ba*elor1 laurel fruit1 & s l$ 9 
joyful procession1 ) music & s++1 ?r\gh 

! city /reet or village lane1 & ! day   
end$ ) fea/+ ( ! poor4  #abf4 ,& e      
ba*elor & rosire %\ld be entitl$ to     
claim1 if !y ne$$ x1 accord+ to _!      
position 9 life1 a fix$ income f !      
,/ate1 = sev5 ye>s f ! day ( _! m>riage1
 = ! sett+ up ( _! homes2 &1 h[ev] ri*  
!y might be by inh]itance1 _! income    
%\ld n be p]mitt$ to exce$ a giv5 sum1  
proportion$ to _! rank1 = ! sev5 ye>s   
foll[+ t 9 :i* !y _h obta9$ _! p]mission
 to m>ry1 b %\ld accumulate 9 ! tru/ ( !
 ,/ate until t sev5? ye>1 9 :i* !y %\ld 
be put 7on c]ta9 conditions7 f9ally 9   
possession ( _! prop]ty2 & ! m51 ?us    
necess>ily n be=e _! tw5ty-eigh?1 nor   
usually lat] ?an _! ?irty-fir/ ye>1     
become eligible to (fices ( ,/ate4 ,s t 
! ri* & poor %\ld n be %>ply sep>at$ 9 !
 beg9n+ ( ! w> ( life2 b ! "o support$  
aga9/ ! fir/ /ress ( x long en\gh to    
enable !m1 by prop] =e?\ght & economy1  
to secure _! foot+2 & ! o!r tra9$       
some:at 9 ! use ( mod]ate means1 be=e !y
 7 p]mitt$ to h ! comm& ( abundant ones4

 ,& ( ! s\rces f :i* ^! ,/ate incomes = 
! m>ri$ poor %\ld be suppli$1 or ( !    
treatm5t ( ^? ( our y\? ^: conduct r5d]$
 x advisable to refuse !m p]mission to  
m>ry1 ,i def] :at ,i h to say till we   
come to ! g5]al subjects ( taxation &   
crim9al discipl9e2 leav+ ! proposals    
made 9 ?is lett] to be>1 = ! pres5t1    
:atev] aspect ( m]e romance &           
unrealizable vision !y probably may1 &  
to mo/ read]s1 su* z !y assur$ly w4 ,nor
 %all ,i make ! slighte/ ef=t to r$eem  
!m f ^! imputations2 = ?\gh !re is no?+ 
9 all _! purport :i* w\ld n be approv$1 
z 9 ! deepe/ s5se practical--by ! ,_s ( 
,p>adise--    ,:i* gives to all !       
self-same b5t1   ,^: lives are wise &   
innoc5t1  & ?\gh ,i "k t national ju/ice
 9 conduct1 & peace 9 he>t1 c\ld by no  
o!r laws be s swiftly secur$1 ,i confess
 ) mu* dispeace ( he>t1 t bo? ju/ice &  
happ9ess h at ?is day become1 9 ,engl&1 
romantic impossibilities4     ,,lett]   
,,xxi4  ,,( ,,! ,,dignity ,,( ,,! ,,f\r 
,,f9e ,,arts2 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,prop]       

,,sy/em ,,( ,,retail ,,trade4           
,april #ae1 #ahfg4  #abg4 ,i return n[  
to ! "p ( ! subject at :i* ,i 0         
int]rupt$--! inquiry z to ! prop] means 
( f9d+ p]sons will+ to ma9ta9 !mselves &
 o!rs by degrad+ occupations4  ,t1 on ! 
:ole1 simply manual occupations are     
degrad+1 ,i suppose ,i may assume y to  
admit2 at all ev5ts1 ! fact is s1 & ,i  
suppose few g5]al read]s w h any d\bt ( 
x4,a      ,a ,_m ( my work+ read]s h    
disput$ ?is /atem5t     eag]ly1 feel+ ! 
good effect ( "w 9 !mselves2 b          
obs]ve1 ,i only say1 simply or totally  
manual "w2 &     t1 alone1 is degrad+1  
?\gh (t5 9 measure1     refre%+1        
:olesome1 & necess>y4 ,s x is highly    
necess>y & :olesome to eat sometimes2 b 
degrad+ to     eat all day1 z to labor )
 ! h&s all day4 ,b x is     n degrad+ to
 ?9k all day--if y c4 ,a highly-br$     
c\rt lady1 rightly int]e/$ 9 politics & 
lit]ature1     is a mu* f9] type ( !    
human creature ?an a s]vant (     all   
"w1 h[ev] clev] & hone/4  ,grant+ ?is1 x

 foll[s z a direct consequ5ce t x is !  
duty ( all p]sons 9 high] /ations (     
life1 by e means 9 _! p[] to dim9i% _!  
dem& = "w ( su* k9d1 & to live ) z      
little aid f ! l[] trades1 z !y c       
possibly contrive4  #abh4 ,i suppose y  
see t ?is conclusion is n a little at   
v>iance ) receiv$ notions on political  
economy8 ,x is popul>ly suppos$ t x     
b5efits a nation to inv5t a want4 ,b !  
fact is1 t ! true b5efit is 9 ext+ui%+ a
 want--9 liv+ ) z few wants z possible4 
,i _c tell y ! contempt ,i feel = !     
common writ]s on political economy1 9 _!
 /upefi$ miss+ ( ?is fir/ pr9ciple ( all
 human economy--individual or           
political--to live1 namely1 ) z few     
wants z possible1 & to wa/e no?+ ( :at  
is giv5 y to supply !m4  #abi4 ,?is     
ought to be ! fir/ lesson ( e ri* man's 
political code4 ,sir1 8 tutor %\ld e>ly 
say to him1 y are s plac$ 9 society1--x 
may be = y\r mis=tune1 x mu/ be = y\r   
trial--t y are likely to be ma9ta9$ all 
y\r life by ! labor ( o!r m54 ,y w h to 

make %oes = nobody1 b "s "o w h to make 
a great _m = y4 ,y w h to dig gr\nd =   
nobody1 b "s "o w h to dig ?r\gh e      
summ]'s hot day = y4 ,y w build h\ses & 
make clo!s = no "o1 b _m a r\gh h& mu/  
knead clay1 & _m an elb[ be crook$ to ! 
/it*1 to keep t body ( y\rs w>m & f9e4  
,n[ rememb]1 :atev] y & y\r "w may be   
wor?1 ! less y\r keep co/s1 ! bett]4 ,x 
does n co/ money only4 ,x co/s          
degradation4 ,y d n m]ely employ ^! p4  
,y also tread ^u !m4 ,x _c be help$2--y 
h y\r place1 & !y h !irs2 b see t y     
tread z lightly z possible1 & on z few z
 possible4 ,:at food1 & clo!s1 & lodg+1 
y hone/ly ne$1 = y\r heal? & peace1 y   
may righte\sly take4 ,see t y take !    
pla9e/ y c s]ve y\rself )--t y wa/e or  
we> no?+ va9ly--& t y employ no man 9   
furni%+ y ) any useless luxury4  #acj4  
,t is ! fir/ lesson ( ,*ri/ian--or      
human--economy2 & dep5d ^u x1 my fri5d1 
x is a s\nd "o1 & has e voice & vote ( !
 spirits ( ,heav5 & e>? to back x1      
:atev] views ! ,man*e/] m51 or any o!r  

mann] ( m51 may take respect+ dem& &    
supply4 ,dem& :at y des]ve1 & y %all be 
suppli$ ) x1 = y\r good4 ,dem& :at y d n
 des]ve1 & y %all be suppli$ ) some?+   
:i* y h n dem&$1 & :i* ,nature p]ceives 
t y des]ve1 q to ! contr>y ( y\r good4  
,t is ! law ( y\r exi/5ce1 & if y d n   
make x ! law ( y\r resolv$ acts1 s mu*1 
precisely1 ! worse = y & all connect$ ) 
y4  #aca4 ,yet obs]ve1 ?\gh x is out (  
its prop] place said "h1 ?is law =bids  
no luxury :i* m5 are n degrad$ 9        
provid+4 ,y may h ,paul ,v]onese to pa9t
 y\r ceil+1 if y l1 or ,b5v5uto ,cell9i 
to make cups = y4 ,b y mu/ n employ a   
hundr$ div]s to f9d beads to /it* ov]   
y\r sleeve4 7,did y see ! acc\nt ( !    
sales ( ! ,e/]hazy jewels ! o!r day87   
,& ! degree 9 :i* y recognize ! diff]5ce
 betwe5 ^! two k9ds ( s]vices1 is       
precisely :at makes ! diff]5ce betwe5   
y\r be+ a civiliz$ p]son or a b>b>ian4  
,if y keep slaves to furni% =? y\r      
dress--to glut y\r /oma*--su/a9 y\r     
indol5ce--or deck y\r pride1 y are a    

b>b>ian4 ,if y keep s]vants1 prop]ly c>$
 =1 to furni% y ) :at y v]ily want1 & no
 m ?an t--y are a civil p]son--a p]son  
capable ( ! qualities ( citiz5%ip4,a    
,a ,comp>e ',! ,cr[n ( ,wild ,olive1'   
#gi1 #aah1 & #abb4  #acb4 ,n[1 f>!r1    
obs]ve t 9 a truly civiliz$ & discipl9$ 
/ate1 no man w\ld be all[$ to m$dle )   
any mat]ial :o did n "k h[ to make ! be/
 ( x4 ,9 o!r words1 ! arts ( work+ 9    
wood1 clay1 /one1 & metal1 w\ld all be  
f9e arts 7work+ 9 iron = ma*9]y becom+  
an entirely di/9ct bus9ess74 ,!re w\ld  
be no jo9]'s "w1 no smi?'s1 no pott]y   
nor /one-cutt+1 s debas$ 9 "* z to be   
entirely unconnect$ ) ! f9] bran*es ( ! 
same art2 & to at lea/ "o ( ^! f9]      
bran*es 7g5]ally 9 metal-"w7 e pa9t] &  
sculptor w\ld be necess>ily appr5tic$   
dur+ "s ye>s ( 8 education4 ,!re w\ld be
 room1 9 ^! f\r trades alone1 = ne>ly e 
grade ( practical intellig5ce &         
productive imag9ation4  #acc4 ,b x %\ld 
n be arti/s alone :o are ex]cis$ e>ly 9 
^! crafts4 ,x w\ld be "p ( my s*eme (   

physical education t e y\? 9 ! /ate--f !
 ,k+'s son d[nw>ds1--%\ld le>n to d     
some?+ f9ely & ?or\ghly ) 8 h&1 s z to  
let him "k :at t\* meant2 & :at /\t     
craftsman%ip meant2 & to in=m him ( _m  
?+s besides1 :i* no man c le>n b by "s  
sev]ely accurate discipl9e 9 do+4 ,let  
him once le>n to take a /raight %av+ (f 
a plank1 or draw a f9e curve )\t falt]+1
 or lay a brick level 9 its mort>2 & he 
has le>n$ a multitude ( o!r matt]s :i*  
no lips ( man c\ld ev] tea* him4 ,he    
might *oose 8 craft1 b :atev] x 01 he   
%\ld le>n x to "s suffici5t degree (    
true dext]ity3 & ! result w\ld be1 9    
aft] life1 t among ! middle classes a   
good deal ( _! h\se furniture w\ld be   
made1 & a good deal ( r\gh "w1 m or less
 clumsily1 b n ineffectively1 got ?r\gh1
 by ! ma/] himself & 8 sons1 ) mu*      
fur!rance ( _! g5]al heal? & peace (    
m9d1 & increase ( innoc5t dome/ic pride 
& pleasure1 & to ! ext9ction ( a great  
deal ( vulg> uphol/]y & o!r mean        
h&icraft4  #acd4 ,f>!r4 ,a great deal ( 

! vulg>ity1 & ne>ly all ! vice1 ( retail
 comm]ce1 involv+ ! degradation ( p]sons
 occupi$ 9 x1 dep5ds simply on ! fact t 
_! m9ds are always occupi$ by ! vital   
7or r mortal7 "q ( pr(its4 ,i %\ld at   
once put an end to ?is s\rce ( bas5ess  
by mak+ all retail deal]s m]ely sal>i$  
(fic]s 9 ! employ ( ! trade guilds2 !   
/ew>ds1 t is to say1 ( ! salable        
prop]ties ( ^? guilds1 & purveyors ( su*
 & su* articles to a giv5 numb] (       
families4 ,a p]fectly well-educat$ p]son
 might1 )\t ! lea/ degradation1 hold su*
 an (fice z ?is1 h[ev] poorly paid2 & x 
w\ld be precisely ! fact ( 8 be+ well   
educat$ :i* w\ld enable him to fulfil 8 
duties to ! public )\t ! /imulus (      
direct pr(it4 ,( c\rse ! curr5t         
objection to su* a sy/em w\ld be t no   
man1 = a regul>ly paid sal>y1 w\ld take 
pa9s to please 8 cu/om]s2 & ! answ] to t
 objection is1 t if y c tra9 a man to s 
mu* unselfi%ness z to (f] himself       
fe>lessly to ! *ance ( be+ %ot1 9 !     
c\rse ( 8 daily duty1 y c mo/ assur$ly1 

if y make x also a po9t ( honor ) him1  
tra9 him to ! am\nt ( self-d5ial involv$
 9 look+ y out ) c>e su* a piece ( *eese
 or bacon z y h ask$ =4  #ace4 ,y see t 
,i h already mu* dim9i%$ ! numb] (      
employm5ts involv+ degradation2 & rais$ 
! "* ( _m ( ^? t are left4 ,!re rema9 to
 be consid]$ ! necess>ily pa9ful or     
me*anical works ( m9+1 =g+1 & ! l3 !    
unclean1 noisome1 or paltry             
manufactures--! v>i\s k9ds (            
transport--7by m]*ant %ipp+1 etc47 & !  
conditions ( m5ial s]vice4  ,x w        
facilitate ! exam9ation ( ^! if we put  
!m = ! mom5t aside1 & pass to ! o!r     
division ( our dilemma1 ! "q1 namely1   
:at k9d ( lives our g5tlem5 & ladies are
 to live1 = :om all ?is h>d "w is to be 
done4     ,,lett] ,,xxii4  ,,( ,,!      
,,normal ,,position ,,& ,,duties ,,( ,,!
 ,,upp] ,,classes4 ,,g5]al ,,/atem5t ,,(
 ,,! ,,l& ,,"q4                         
,april #ag1 #ahfg4  #acf4 ,9 pass+ n[ to
 ! /atem5t ( conditions affect+ !       
int]e/s ( ! upp] classes1 ,i w\ld r h   

address$ ^! clos+ lett]s to "o (        
!mselves ?an to y1 = x is ) _! own      
faults & ne$s t ea* class is prim>ily   
conc]n$4 ,z1 h[ev]1 unless ,i kept !    
lett]s private1 ?is *ange ( _! address  
w\ld be b a matt] ( c\rtesy & =m1 n (   
any true prud5tial use2 & z besides ,i  
am n[ no m incl9$ to retic5ce--prud5t or
 o!rwise2 b desire only to /ate ! facts 
( our national economy z cle>ly &       
completely z may be1 ,i pursue ! subject
 )\t respect ( p]sons4  #acg4 ,be=e     
exam9+ :at ! occupation & e/ate ( ! upp]
 classes ought1 z f> z may reasonably be
 conjectur$1 f9ally to become1 x w be   
well to set d[n 9 brief t]ms :at !y     
actually h be5 9 pa/ ages3 = ?is1 9 _m  
respects1 !y mu/ also always be4 ,! upp]
 classes1 broadly speak+1 are orig9ally 
compos$ ( ! be/-br$ 79 ! m]e animal s5se
 ( ! t]m71 ! mo/ en]getic1 & mo/        
?\ghtful1 ( ! population1 :o ei!r by    
/r5g? ( arm seize ! l& f ! re/1 & make  
slaves ( !m1 or br+ des]t l& into       
cultivation1 ov] :i* !y h !re=e1 )9     

c]ta9 limits1 true p]sonal "r2 or1 by   
indu/ry1 accumulate o!r prop]ty1 or by  
*oice devote !mselves to intellectual   
pursuits1 &1 ?\gh poor1 obta9 an        
ackn[l$g$ sup]iority ( position1 %[n by 
b5efits conf]r$ 9 discov]y1 or 9 tea*+1 
or 9 gifts ( art4 ,?is is all 9 ! simple
 c\rse ( ! law ( nature2 & ! prop]      
(fices ( ! upp] classes1 ?us di/+ui%$ f 
! re/1 become1 !re=e1 9 ! ma9           
?reefold3--  #ach4 7,a7 ,^? :o are      
/ronge/ ( arm h = _! prop] function !   
re/ra9t & puni%m5t ( vice1 & ! g5]al    
ma9t5ance ( law & ord]2 releas+ only f  
its orig9al subjection to _! p[] t :i*  
truly des]ves to be emancipat$4  7,b7   
,^? :o are sup]ior by =e?\ght & indu/ry1
 h = _! function to be ! provid5ces ( ! 
fooli%1 ! weak1 & ! idle2 & to e/abli%  
su* sy/ems ( trade & di/ribution ( goods
 z %all pres]ve ! l[] ord]s f p]i%+ by  
fam9e1 or any o!r consequ5ce ( _!       
c>elessness or folly1 & to br+ !m all1  
accord+ to ea* man's capacity1 at la/   
into "s h>moni\s indu/ry4  7,c7 ,! ?ird 

class1 ( s*ol>s & arti/s1 ( c\rse1 h =  
function ! tea*+ & delight+ ( ! inf]ior 
multitude4  ,! (fice ( ! upp] classes1  
!n1 z a body1 is to keep ord] among _!  
inf]iors1 & raise !m always to ! ne>e/  
level ) !mselves ( :i* ^? inf]iors are  
capable4 ,s f> z !y are ?us occupi$1 !y 
are inv>iably lov$ & rev]5c$ int5sely by
 all b5ea? !m1 & rea*1 !mselves1 !      
highe/ types ( human p[] & beauty4      
#aci4 ,?is1 !n1 be+ ! natural ord9ance &
 function ( ari/ocracy1 its corruption1 
l t ( all o!r beautiful ?+s "u !        
,devil's t\*1 is a v fe>ful "o4 ,its    
corruption is1 t ^? :o ought to be !    
rul]s & guides ( ! p1 =sake _! task (   
pa9ful honorabl5ess2 seek _! own        
pleasure & pre-em95ce only2 & use _!    
p[]1 subtlety1 conc$$ influ5ce1 pre/ige 
( ance/ry1 & me*anical in/rum5tality (  
m>tial p[]1 to make ! l[] ord]s toil =  
!m1 & fe$ & clo! !m = no?+1 & become 9  
v>i\s ways _! liv+ prop]ty1 goods1 &    
*attels1 ev5 to ! po9t ( utt]           
reg>dlessness ( :atev] mis]y ^! s]fs may

 suff] ?r\gh su* insol5t dom9ation1 or  
!y !mselves1 _! ma/]s1 commit ( crime to
 en=ce x4  #adj4 ,& ?is is especially   
likely to be ! case :5 means ( v>i\s &  
tempt+ pleasures are put )9 ! rea* ( !  
upp] classes by advanc$ conditions (    
national comm]ce & k3 & x is c]ta9 to be
 ! case z soon z position among ^? upp] 
classes becomes any way pur*asable )    
money1 in/ead ( be+ ! assur$ measure (  
"s k9d ( wor?1 7ei!r /r5g? ( h&1 or true
 wisdom ( conduct1 or imag9ative gift74 
,x has be5 becom+ m & m ! condition ( ! 
ari/ocracy ( ,europe1 ev] s9ce ! fifte5?
 c5tury2 & is gradually br++ ab\t its   
ru91 & 9 t ru91 *eck$ only by ! p[] :i* 
"h & !re a good soldi] or true /atesman 
a*ieves ov] ! putrid *aos ( its va9     
policy1 ! ru9 ( all b5ea? x2 :i* c be   
arre/$ only1 ei!r by ! rep5tance ( t old
 ari/ocracy1 7h>dly to be hop$17 or by !
 /]n sub/itution ( o!r ari/ocracy wor?i]
 ?an x4  #ada4 ,corrupt z x may be1 x & 
its laws toge!r1 ,i w\ld at ?is mom5t1  
if ,i c\ld1 fa/5 e "o ( its in/itutions 

d[n ) b&s ( iron1 & tru/ = all progress 
& help aga9/ its tyranny simply to !    
pati5ce & /r5g? ( private conduct4 ,& if
 ,i _h to *oose1 ,i w\ld t5fold r see ! 
tyranny ( old ,au/ria triumphant 9 ! old
 & new worlds1 & tru/ to ! *ance 7or r !
 di/ant c]ta9ty7 ( "s day see+ a true   
,emp]or born to its ?rone1 ?an1 ) e     
privilege ( ?\ght & act1 run ! mo/      
di/ant risk ( see+ ! ?\ghts ( ! p (     
,g]many & ,engl& become l ! ?\ghts ( ! p
 ( ,am]ica4  ,my ,am]ican fri5ds1 ( :om 
"o1 ,*>les ,eliot ,norton1 ( ,cambridge1
 is ! de>e/ ,i h 9 ! _w1 tell me ,i "k  
no?+ ab\t ,am]ica4 ,x may be s1 & !y mu/
 d me ! ju/ice to obs]ve t ,i1 !re=e1   
usually say no?+ ab\t ,am]ica4 ,b ?is   
mu* ,i h said1 because ! ,am]icans1 z a 
nation1 set _! tru/ 9 lib]ty & 9        
equality1 ( :i* ,i dete/ ! "o1 & d5y !  
possibility ( ! o!r2 & because1 also1 z 
a nation1 !y are :olly undesir\s ( ,re/1
 & incapable ( x2 irrev]5t ( !mselves1  
bo? 9 ! pres5t & 9 ! future2 discont5t$ 
) :at !y are1 yet hav+ no ideal ( any?+ 

:i* !y desire to become4,a      ,a ,"s  
foll[+ passages 9 ?is lett]1 conta9+    
p]sonal ref]5ces :i* might1 9 p]man5ce1 
h giv5     pa9 or (f5se1 are n[         
omitt$--! sub/ance ( !m be+     also    
irrelevant to my ma9 purpose4 ,^! few   
words ab\t !     ,am]ican w>1 ) :i* !y  
conclud$1 are1 ,i ?9k1 wor?             
reta9+3--,all me?ods ( "r gov]nm5t are  
to be     communicat$ to =eign nations  
by p]fectness ( example &     g5tl5ess (
 pati5tly exp&$ p[]1 n sudd5ly1 nor at  
! bayonet's po9t4 ,& ?\gh x is ! duty ( 
e     nation to int]f]e1 at bayonet     
po9t1 if !y h !     /r5g? to d s1 to    
save any oppress$ multitude1 or ev5     
individual1 f manife/ viol5ce1 x is     
:olly unlawful to     int]f]e 9 su*     
matt]1 except ) sacr$ly pl$g$           
limitation ( ! objects to be accompli%$ 
9 ! oppress$     p]son's favor1 & )     
absolute refusal ( all selfi%           
advantage & increase ( t]ritory or (    
political p[]     :i* might o!rwise     
accrue f ! victory4  #adb4 ,b1 h[ev]    

corrupt$1 ! ari/ocracy ( any nation may 
?us be always divid$ into ?ree great    
classes4 ,fir/1 ! l&$ proprietors &     
soldi]s1 ess5tially "o political body 7=
 ! possession ( l& c only be ma9ta9$ by 
milit>y p[]72 secondly1 ! money$ m5 &   
lead]s ( comm]ce2 ?irdly1 ! pr(essional 
m5 & ma/]s 9 sci5ce1 art1 & lit]ature4  
,& we 7 to consid] ! prop] duties ( all 
^!1 & ! laws probably exp$i5t respect+  
!m4 ,:]eupon1 9 ! outset1 we are at once
 br\ght face to face ) ! great l& "q4   
#adc4 ,great z x may be1 x is :olly     
subord9ate to ^? we h hi!rto be5        
consid]+4 ,! laws y make reg>d+ me?ods (
 labor1 or to secure ! g5u95ess ( ! ?+s 
produc$ by x1 affect ! entire moral /ate
 ( ! nation1 & all possibility ( human  
happ9ess = !m4 ,! mode ( di/ribution ( !
 l& only affects _! numb]s4 ,by ?is or t
 law respect+ l& y decide :e!r ! nation 
%all consi/ ( fifty or ( a hundr$       
millions4 ,b by ?is or t law respect+   
"w1 y decide :e!r ! giv5 numb] (        
millions %all be rogues1 or hone/       

m52--%all be wret*es1 or happy m54 ,& ! 
"q ( numb]s is :olly immat]ial1 comp>$ )
 t ( "*2 or r1 its own mat]ialness      
dep5ds on ! prior det]m9ation ( "*4     
,make y\r nation consi/ ( knaves1 &1 z  
,em]son said long ago1 x is b ! case (  
any o!r v]m9--! m1 ! worse4 ,or1 to put 
! matt] 9 n>r[] limits1 x is a matt] (  
no f9al conc]n to any p>5t :e!r he %all 
h two *ildr51 or f\r2 b matt] ( q f9al  
conc]n :e!r ^? he has %all1 or %all n1  
des]ve to be hang$4 ,! great difficulty 
9 deal+ ) ! l& "q at all arises f !     
false1 ?\gh v natural1 notion on ! "p ( 
_m re=m]s1 & ( l>ge bodies ( ! poor1 t !
 division ( ! l& among ! said poor w\ld 
be an imm$iate & ev]la/+ relief to !m4  
,an imm$iate relief x w\ld be to ! ext5t
 ( a small annual sum 7y may easily     
calculate h[ little1 if y *oose7 to ea* 
( !m2 on ! /r5g? ( :i* accession to _!  
f9ances1 !y w\ld multiply into z mu*    
extra p]sonality z ! extra p5ce w\ld    
su/a91 & at t po9t be *eck$ by />vation1
 exactly z !y are n[4  #add4 ,any o!r =m

 ( pillage w\ld b5efit !m only 9 l      
mann]2 &1 9 reality1 ! difficult "p ( ! 
"q respect+ numb]s1 is1 n :]e !y %all be
 arre/$1 b :at %all be ! me?od ( _!     
arre/4  ,an isl& ( a c]ta9 size has /&+ 
room only = s _m p2 fe$+ gr\nd = a great
 _m few] ?an c\ld /& on x4 ,rea* !      
limits ( y\r fe$+ gr\nd1 & y mu/ cease  
to multiply1 mu/ emigrate or />ve4 ,!   
modes 9 :i* ! pressure is gradually     
br\ght to be> on ! population dep5d on !
 ju/ice ( y\r laws2 b ! pressure itself 
mu/ come at la/1 :atev] ! di/ribution ( 
! l&4 ,& ari?meticians seem to me a     
little sl[ to rem>k ! importance ( ! old
 *ild's puzzle ab\t ! nails 9 !         
horse%oe--:5 x is populations t are     
d\bl+ !mselves1 in/ead ( f>?+s4  #ade4  
,! ess5tial l& "q1 !n1 is to be treat$ q
 sep>ately f t ( ! me?ods ( re/riction (
 population4 ,! l& "q is--,at :at po9t w
 y resolve to /op8 ,x is sep>ate matt] (
 discussion h[ y are to /op at x4  ,&   
?is ess5tial l& "q--,at :at po9t w y    
/op8--is itself two-fold4 ,y h to       

consid] fir/1 by :at me?ods ( l&        
di/ribution y c ma9ta9 ! greate/ numb] (
 heal?y p]sons2 & secondly1 :e!r1 if1 by
 any o!r mode ( di/ribution & relative  
e?ical laws1 y c raise _! "*1 :ile y    
dim9i% _! numb]s1 su* sacrifice %\ld be 
made1 & to :at ext5t8 ,i ?9k x w be     
bett]1 = cle>ness' sake1 to end ?is     
lett] ) ! putt+ ( ^! two qu]ies 9 _!    
decisive =m1 & to res]ve sugge/ions (   
answ] = my next4     ,,lett] ,,xxiii4   
,,( ,,! ,,j ,,t5ure ,,( ,,l&s3 ,,& ,,!  
,,prop] ,,functions ,,( ,,high ,,public 
,,(fic]s4                               
#bj? ,april1 #ahfg4  #adf4 ,i mu/ repeat
 to y1 once m1 be=e ,i proce$1 t ,i only
 ent] on ?is "p ( our inquiry to        
complete ! sequ5ce ( its sy/em1 & expla9
 fully ! be>+ ( =m] conclusions1 & n =  
any imm$iately practicable good to be   
got out ( ! inve/igation4 ,:atev] ,i h  
hi!rto urg$ ^u y1 x is 9 ! p[] ( all m5 
quietly to promote1 & f9ally to secure1 
by ! pati5t resolution ( p]sonal        
conduct2 b no action c\ld be tak5 9     

re-di/ribution ( l& or 9 limitation ( ! 
incomes ( ! upp] classes1 )\t grave &   
prolong$ civil di/urbance4  ,su*        
di/urbance1 h[ev]1 is only too likely to
 take place1 if ! exi/+ !ories (        
political economy are all[$ cr$5ce mu*  
long]4 ,9 ! writ+s ( ! vulg> economi/s1 
no?+ m excites my indignation ?an !     
subt]fuges by :i* !y endeavor to        
accommodate _! pseudosci5ce to ! exi/+  
abuses ( weal?1 by disguis+ ! true      
nature ( r5t4 ,i w n wa/e "t 9 expos+ _!
 fallacies1 b w put ! tru? = y into z   
cle> a %ape z ,i c4  #adg4 ,r5t1 (      
:atev] k9d1 is1 briefly1 ! price        
cont9u\sly paid = ! loan ( ! prop]ty (  
ano!r p]son4 ,x may be too little1 or x 
may be j or exorbitant or altoge!r      
unju/ifiable1 accord+ to circum/ances4  
,exorbitant r5ts c only be exact$ f     
ignorant or necessit\s r5t-pay]s3 & x is
 "o ( ! mo/ necess>y conditions ( /ate  
economy t !re %\ld be cle> laws to      
prev5t su* exaction4  #adh4 ,i may      
int]rupt myself = a mom5t to give y an  

in/ance ( :at ,i mean4 ,! mo/ wret*$    
h\ses ( ! poor 9 ,london (t5 pay t5 or  
fifte5 p] c5t4 to ! l&lord2 & ,i h kn[n 
an in/ance ( sanit>y legislation be+    
h9d]$1 to ! loss ( _m hundr$s ( lives1 9
 ord] t ! r5ts ( a nobleman1 d]iv$ f !  
necessities ( ! poor1 might n be        
dim9i%$4 ,& x is a curi\s ?+ to me to   
see ,mr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,mill foam+ at ! m\?1 &
 really afflict$ consci5ti\sly1 because 
he supposes "o man to h be5 unju/ly     
hang$1 :ile by 8 own failure1 7,i       
believe1 wilful failure7,a 9 /at+ cle>ly
 to ! public "o ( ! fir/ elem5t>y tru?s 
( ! sci5ce he pr(esses1 he is aid+ &    
abett+ ! commission ( ! cruele/ possible
 =m ( murd] on _m ?\s&s ( p]sons ye>ly1 
= ! sake simply ( putt+ money into !    
pockets ( ! l&lords4 ,i felt ?is evil s 
/rongly t ,i b\ght1 9 ! wor/ "p (       
,london1 "o freehold & "o leasehold     
prop]ty1 consi/+ ( h\ses inhabit$ by !  
l[e/ poor2 9 ord] to try :at *ange 9 _! 
com=t & habits ,i c\ld effect by tak+   
only a j r5t1 b t firmly4 ,! h\ses ( !  

leasehold pay me five p] c5t42 !        
families t us$ to h "o room 9 !m h n[   
two2 & are m ord]ly & hopeful besides2 &
 !re is a surplus /ill on ! r5ts !y pay 
aft] ,i h tak5 my five p] c5t41 ) :i*1  
if all goes well1 !y w ev5tually be able
 to buy twelve ye>s ( ! lease f me4 ,!  
freehold pays ?ree p] c5t41 ) simil>    
results 9 ! com=t ( ! t5ant4 ,?is is    
m]ely an example ( :at might be done by 
firm ,/ate action 9 su* matt]s4      ,a 
,see  #aef4  #adi4 ,next1 ( :olly       
unju/ifiable r5ts4 ,^! are = ?+s :i* are
 n1 & :i* x is crim9al to consid] z1    
p]sonal or ex*angeable prop]ty4 ,bodies 
( m51 l&1 wat]1 & air1 are ! pr9cipal ( 
^! ?+s4  ,p>5!tically1 may ,i ask y to  
obs]ve1 t ?\gh a fe>less def5d] ( "s =ms
 ( slav]y1 ,i am no def5d] ( ! slave    
trade4 ,x is by a blund]+ confusion (   
ideas betwe5 gov]n+ m51 & trad+ 9 m51 & 
by consequ5t int]f]5ce ) ! re/ra9t1     
in/ead ( only ) ! sale1 t mo/ ( ! great 
errors 9 action h be5 caus$ among !     
emancipation m54 ,i am prep>$1 if ! ne$ 

be cle> to my own m9d1 & if ! p[] is 9  
my h&s1 to ?r[ m5 into prison1 or any   
o!r captivity--to b9d !m or to beat     
!m--& =ce !m1 = su* p]iods z ,i may     
judge necess>y1 to any k9d ( irksome    
labor3 & on occasion ( desp]ate         
resi/ance1 to hang or %oot !m4 ,b ,i w n
 sell !m4  #aej4 ,bodies ( m51 or wom51 
!n 7& mu* m1 z ,i said be=e1 _! s\ls71  
mu/ n be b\ght or sold4 ,nei!r mu/ l&1  
nor wat]1 nor air1 ^! be+ ! necess>y    
su/5ance ( m5's bodies & s\ls4  ,yet all
 ^! may1 on c]ta9 t]ms1 be b\nd1 or     
secur$ 9 possession1 to p>ticul> p]sons 
"u c]ta9 conditions4 ,= in/ance1 x may  
be prop]1 at a c]ta9 "t1 to give a man  
p]mission to possess l&1 z y give him   
p]mission to m>ry2 & f>!r1 if he wi%es x
 & works = x1 to secure to him ! l&     
ne$ful = 8 life2 z y secure 8 wife to   
him2 & make bo? utt]ly 8 own1 )\t 9 !   
lea/ admitt+ 8 "r to buy o!r p's wives1 
or fields1 or to sell 8 own4  #aea4 ,& !
 "r action ( a ,/ate respect+ its l& is1
 inde$1 to secure x 9 v>i\s portions to 

^? ( its citiz5s :o des]ve to be tru/$ )
 x1 accord+ to _! respective desires &  
prov$ capacities2 & aft] hav+ s secur$ x
 to ea*1 to ex]cise only su* vigilance  
ov] 8 treatm5t ( x z ! ,/ate mu/ give   
also to 8 treatm5t ( 8 wife & s]vants2 =
 ! mo/ "p leav+ him free1 b int]f]+ 9   
cases ( gross mismanagem5t or abuse (   
p[]4 ,& 9 ! case ( great old families1  
:i* always ought to be1 & 9 "s measure1 
h[ev] decad5t1 /ill truly are1 ! noble/ 
monum5tal ar*itecture ( ! k+dom1 liv+   
temples ( sacr$ tradition & h]o's       
religion1 s mu* l& ought to be grant$ to
 !m 9 p]petuity z may enable !m to live 
!reon ) all circum/ances ( /ate & outw>d
 nobl5ess2 b _! income mu/ 9 no wise be 
d]iv$ f ! r5ts ( x1 nor mu/ !y be       
occupi$ 7ev5 9 ! mo/ di/ant or          
subord9ately adm9i/]$ me?ods71 9 !      
exaction ( r5ts4 ,t is n noblem5's "w4  
,_! income mu/ be fix$1 & paid !m by !  
,/ate1 z ! ,k+'s is4  #aeb4 ,s f> f _!  
l& be+ to !m a s\rce ( income1 x %\ld   
be1 on ! :ole1 co/ly to !m1 great "p ( x

 be+ kept 9 conditions ( natural grace1 
:i* return no r5t b _! lovel9ess2 & !   
re/ made1 at :atev] co/1 exempl>y 9     
p]fection ( su* agriculture z develops !
 happie/ peasant life2,a agriculture    
:i*1 z ,i w %[ y h]eaft]1 mu/ reject !  
aid ( all me*anism except t ( in/rum5ts 
guid$ solely by ! human h&1 or by       
animal1 or directly natural =ces2 & :i*1
 !re=e1 _c compete = pr(itabl5ess )     
agriculture c>ri$ on by aid ( ma*9]y4   
,a ,comp>e ',=s ,clavig]a1' ,lett]      
,,xxi41 page #bb4  ,& n[ = ! occupation 
( ?is body ( m51 ma9ta9$ at fix$ p]5nial
 co/ ( ! ,/ate4  #aec4 ,y "k ,i said ,i 
%\ld want no soldi]s ( special skill or 
pugnacity1 = all my boys w\ld be        
soldi]s4 ,b ,i assur$ly want capta9s (  
soldi]s1 ( special skill & pugnacity4 ,&
 also1 ,i said ,i %\ld /rongly object to
 ! appe>ance ( any lawy]s 9 my t]ritory2
 mean+1 h[ev]1 by lawy]s1 p :o live by  
argu+ ab\t law1--n p appo9t$ to adm9i/] 
law2 & p :o live by eloqu5tly           
misrepres5t+ facts--n p appo9t$ to      

discov] & pla9ly repres5t !m4  ,!re=e1 !
 y\? ( ?is l&$ ari/ocracy w\ld be tra9$1
 9 my s*ools1 to ^! two great call+s1 n 
by :i*1 b 9 :i*1 !y are to live4  ,!y   
w\ld be tra9$1 all ( !m1 9 p]fect sci5ce
 ( w>1 & 9 p]fect sci5ce ( ess5tial law4
 ,& f _! body %\ld be *os5 ! capta9s & !
 judges ( ,engl&1 its advocates1 &      
g5]ally its ,/ate (fic]s1 all su*       
functions be+ held = fix$ pay 7z already
 our (fic]s ( ! ,*ur* & army are paid71 
& no function connect$ ) ! adm9i/ration 
( law ev] paid by casual fee4 ,& ! head 
( su* family %\ld1 9 8 own "r1 hav+     
pass$ due 7& high7 exam9ation 9 ! sci5ce
 ( law1 & n o!rwise1 be a judge1 law-w>d
 or ,"l1 hav+ jurisdiction bo? 9 civil &
 crim9al cases1 su* z our pres5t judges 
h1 aft] su* case %all h be5 fully       
repres5t$ be=e1 & receiv$ v]dict f1 a   
jury1 compos$ exclusively ( ! middle or 
l[] ord]s1 & 9 :i* no memb] ( !         
ari/ocracy %\ld sit4 ,b f ! decision (  
^! juries1 or f ! ,"l's s5t5ce1 !re %\ld
 be a f9al appeal to a tribunal1 !      

highe/ 9 ! l&1 held solely 9 ! ,k+'s "n1
 & ov] :i*1 9 ! capital1 ! ,k+ himself  
%\ld preside1 & !re9 give judgm5t on a  
fix$ numb] ( days 9 ea* ye>2--&1 9 o!r  
places & at o!r times1 judges appo9t$ by
 election 7"u c]ta9 conditions7 out (   
any ord] ( m5 9 ! ,/ate 7! election be+ 
national1 n prov9cial73 & all causes    
br\ght be=e ^! judges %\ld be decid$1   
)\t appeal1 by _! own au?ority2 n by    
juries4 ,?is1 !n1 reca/+ x = y into     
brief view1 w\ld be ! entire s*eme (    
/ate au?orities3--  #aed4 7#a7 ,! ,k+3  
ex]cis+1 z "p bo? ( 8 pr]ogative & 8    
duty1 ! (fice ( a supreme judge at /at$ 
times 9 ! c5tral c\rt ( appeal ( 8      
k+dom4  7#b7 ,supreme judges appo9t$ by 
national election2 ex]cis+ sole au?ority
 9 c\rts ( f9al appeal4  7#c7 ,ord9>y   
judges1 hold+ ! (fice h]$it>ily "u      
conditions2 & ) p[] to add to _! numb]  
7& liable to h x increas$ if necess>y by
 ! ,k+'s appo9tm5t72 ! (fice ( su*      
judges be+ to adm9i/] ! national laws "u
 ! decision ( juries4  7#d7 ,/ate (fic]s

 *>g$ ) ! direction ( public ag5cy 9    
matt]s ( public utility4  7#e7 ,bi%ops1 
*>g$ ) (fices ( sup]vision & aid1 to    
family by family1 & p]son by p]son4     
7#f7 ,! (fic]s ( w>1 ( v>i\s ranks4     
7#g7 ,! (fic]s ( public in/ruction1 (   
v>i\s ranks4  ,i h sket*$ out ?is s*eme 
= y some:at prematurely1 = ,i w\ld r h  
conduct$ y to x /ep by /ep1 & z ,i      
br\ght =w>d ! reasons = ! sev]al p>ts ( 
x2 b x is1 on o!r gr\nds1 desirable t y 
%\ld h x to ref] to1 z ,i g on4  #aee4  
,)\t dep5d+ anywise ^u nom5clature1 yet 
hold+ x important z a sign & record ( ! 
mean+s ( ?+s1 ,i may tell y fur!r t ,i  
%\ld call ! elect$ supreme judges1      
,pr9ces2 ! h]$it>y judges1 ,lords2 & !  
(fic]s ( public guidance1 ,dukes2 & t ! 
social rank ( ^! p]sons w\ld be v       
closely correspond5t to t impli$ by su* 
titles "u our pres5t con/itution2 only  
mu* m real & useful4 ,& 9 conclusion (  
?is lett]1 ,i w b add1 t if y1 or o!r   
read]s1 ?9k x idle ( me to write or     
dream ( su* ?+s2 z if any ( !m 7 9 our  

p[]1 or )9 possibility ( any ne>        
realization1 & above all1 va9 to write (
 !m to a workman at ,sund]l&3 y are to  
rememb] :at ,i told y at ! beg9n+1 t ,i 
g on ) ?is "p ( my subject 9 "s         
fulfilm5t ( my long-conceiv$ plan1 too  
l>ge to receive at pres5t any delib]ate 
execution f my fail+ /r5g?2 7be+ ! body 
( ! "w to :i* ',mun]a ,pulv]is' 0 int5d$
 m]ely z an introduction27 & t ,i       
address x to y because ,i "k t ! work+  
m5 ( ,engl& mu/1 = "s "t1 be ! only body
 to :i* we c look = resi/ance to !      
deadly influ5ce ( money$ p[]4  ,i int5d1
 h[ev]1 to write to y at ?is mom5t "o m 
lett]1 p>tly explanatory ( m9or details 
necess>ily omitt$ 9 ?is1 & *iefly ( !   
prop] (fice ( ! soldi]2 & !n ,i mu/     
delay ! completion ( ev5 ?is poor task  
until aft] ! days h turn$1 = ,i h q o!r 
"w to d 9 ! brightness ( ! full-op5$    
spr+4  #aef4 ,p4,s4--,z ,i h us$ some:at
 /rong language1 bo? "h & else:]e1 ( !  
equivocations ( ! economi/s on ! subject
 ( r5t1 ,i _h bett] ref] y to "o        

*>act]i/ic example4 ,y w f9d 9 p>agraph 
#e? & #f? ( ,book ,,ii41 *ap4 #b1 ( ,mr4
 ,mill's ',pr9ciples1' t ! "r to t5ure (
 l& is bas$1 by 8 admission1 only on !  
proprietor's be+ its improv]4  ,)\t     
paus+ to dwell on ! objection t l& _c be
 improv$ beyond a c]ta9 po9t1 & t1 at ! 
rea*+ ( t po9t1 f>!r claim to t5ure w\ld
 cease1 on ,mr4 ,mill's pr9ciple--take  
ev5 ?is admission1 ) its prop] subsequ5t
 conclusion1 t 9 no s\nd !ory ( private 
prop]ty 0 x ev] contemplat$ t !         
proprietor ( l& %\ld be m]ely a s9ecuri/
 qu>t]$ on x4 ,n[1 _h t conclusion be5  
f>!r foll[$1 x w\ld h compell$ !        
admission t all r5t 0 unju/ifiable :i*  
normally ma9ta9$ any p]son 9 idl5ess2   
:i* is inde$ ! :ole tru? ( ! matt]4 ,b  
,mr4 ,mill in/antly retreats f ?is      
p]il\s admission2 & aft] ?ree or f\r    
pages ( discussion 7q accurate = its "p7
 ( ! limits ( p[] 9 managem5t ( ! l&    
itself 7:i* apply j z /rictly to !      
peasant proprietor z to ! cotti]'s      
l&lord71 he begs ! :ole "q at issue 9 "o

 brief s5t5ce1 slipp$ cunn+ly into !    
middle ( a long "o :i* appe>s to be     
tell+ all ! o!r way1 & 9 :i* ! fatal    
ass]tion 7( ! "r to r5t7 ne/les itself1 
z if x _h be5 already prov$1--?us--,i   
italicize ! unprov$ ass]tion 9 :i* !    
v5om ( ! entire falsehood is conc5trat$4
  ,ev5 9 ! case ( cultivat$ l&1 a man   
:om1 ?\gh only "o among millions1 ! law 
p]mits to hold ?\s&s ( acres z 8 s+le   
%>e1 is n entitl$ to ?9k t all is giv5  
to him to use & abuse1 & deal ) x z if x
 conc]n$ nobody b himself4 ,! r5ts or   
pr(its :i* he c obta9 f x are 81 & 8    
only2 b ) reg>d to ! l&1 9 ev]y?+ :i* he
 ab/a9s f do+1 he is morally b\nd1 &    
%\ld1 :5ev] ! case admits1 be legally   
compell$ to make 8 int]e/ & pleasure    
consi/5t ) ! public good4  #aeg4 ,i say1
 ?is s5t5ce 9 italics is slipp$ cunn+ly 
into ! long s5t5ce1 z if x 7 ( no great 
consequ5ce2 & above ,i h express$ my    
belief t ,mr4 ,mill's equivocations on  
?is subject are wilful4 ,x is a grave   
accusation2 b ,i _c1 by any /ret* (     

*>ity1 attribute ^! misrepres5tations to
 absolute dulness & bluntness ( bra91   
ei!r 9 ,mr4 ,mill or 8 foll[]1 ,mr4     
,fawcett4 ,mr4 ,mill is capable ( imm5se
 involunt>y error2 b 8 involunt>y errors
 are usually ow+ to 8 see+ only "o or   
two ( ! _m sides ( a ?+2 n to obscure   
sight ( ! side he does see4 ,?us 8      
',essay on ,lib]ty' only takes          
cognizance ( facts t make = lib]ty1 & ( 
none t make = re/ra9t4 ,b 9 its /atem5t 
( all t c be said = lib]ty1 x is s cle> 
& ke51 t ,i h myself quot$ x be=e n[ z !
 be/ au?ority on t side4 ,&1 if argu+ 9 
favor ( ,r5t1 absolutely1 & ) cle>      
explanation ( :at x 01 he _h !n def5d$ x
 ) all 8 might1 ,i %\ld h attribut$ to  
him only ! hone/ %ortsight$ness (       
p>tisan%ip2 b :5 ,i f9d 8 def9+ s5t5ces 
full ( subtle entanglem5t & res]ve--& t 
res]ve held ?r\gh\t 8 treatm5t ( ?is    
p>ticul> subject1--,i _c1 :e!r ,i utt] !
 suspicion or n1 keep ! s5se (          
wilfulness 9 ! misrepres5tation f rema9+
 9 my m9d4 ,& if !re be inde$ gr\nd =   

?is blame1 & ,mr4 ,mill1 = fe> ( fo/]+  
political agitation1,a has disguis$ :at 
he kn[s to be ! facts ab\t r5t1 ,i w\ld 
ask him z "o ( ! lead+ memb]s ( !       
,jamaica ,committee1 :i* is ! great]    
crime1 boldly to sign w>rant = ! sudd5  
dea? ( "o man1 kn[n to be an agitator1 9
 ! imm$iate outbreak ( su* agitation1   
or1 by equivocation 9 a sci5tific "w1 to
 sign w>rants = ! dea?s ( ?\s&s ( m5 9  
sl[ mis]y1 = fe> ( an agitation :i* has 
n begun2 & if begun1 w\ld be c>ri$ on by
 debate1 n by ! sword8      ,a ,) at la/
 ! natural consequ5ces (                
c[>dice1--nitro-glyc]9e & fire-balls6   
,let ! upp]     classes speak ! tru?    
ab\t !mselves boldly1 & !y     w "k h[  
to def5d !mselves fe>lessly4 ,x is      
equivocation 9 pr9ciple1 & d]eliction f 
duty1 :i*     melt at la/ into te>s 9 a 
mob's pres5ce4--7,dec4 #af?1     #ahfg47
     ,,lett] ,,xxiv4  ,,! ,,(fice ,,(   
,,! ,,soldi]4                           
,april #bb1 #ahfg4  #aeh4 ,i mu/ once m 
deprecate y\r probable supposition t ,i 

br+ =w>d ?is ideal plan ( ,/ate         
gov]nm5t1 ei!r ) any idea ( its appe>+1 
to our pres5t public m9d1 practicable   
ev5 at a remote p]iod1 or ) any positive
 & ob/9ate adh]5ce to ! p>ticul> =m     
sugge/$4 ,!re are no wis] words among ! 
_m wise ones ( ! mo/ rational &         
ke5-sight$ ( old ,engli% m5 ( ! _w1 ?an 
^!3--    ,= =ms ( gov]nm5t let fools    
conte/2   ,t :i* is be/ adm9i/]$ is be/4
  ,=1 inde$1 no =m ( gov]nm5t is ( any  
use among bad m52 & any =m w "w 9 ! h&s 
( ! good2 b ! ess5ce ( all gov]nm5t     
among good m5 is ?is1 t x is ma9ly      
occupi$ 9 ! production & recognition (  
human wor?1 & 9 ! detection & ext9ction 
( human unwor?9ess2 & e ,gov]nm5t :i*   
produces & recognizes wor?1 w also      
inevitably use ! wor? x has f\nd to     
gov]n )2 & !re=e fall into "s           
approximation to su* a sy/em z ,i h     
describ$4 ,&1 z ,i told y1 ,i d n cont5d
 = names1 nor p>ticul> p[]s--?\gh ,i    
/ate ^? :i* seem to me mo/ advisable2 on
 ! contr>y1 ,i "k t ! precise ext5t (   

au?orities mu/ be diff]5t 9 e nation at 
diff]5t times1 & ought to be s1 accord+ 
to _! circum/ances & "*2 & all t ,i     
ass]t ) confid5ce is ! necessity1 )9    
aft]w>ds def9able limits1 ( "s su*      
au?orities z ^!2 t is to say1  #aei4 ,i4
 ,an obs]vant "o3--by :i* all m5 %all be
 look$ aft] & tak5 note (4  ,,ii4 ,a    
helpful "o1 f :i* ^? :o ne$ help may get
 x4  ,,iii4 ,a prud5tial "o1 :i* %all n 
let p dig 9 wrong places = coal1 nor    
make railroads :]e !y are n want$2 & :i*
 %all also1 ) true provid5ce1 insi/ on  
_! digg+ 9 "r places = coal1 9 a safe   
mann]1 & mak+ railroads :]e !y are      
want$4  ,,iv4 ,a m>tial "o1 :i* w puni% 
knaves & make idle p]sons "w4  ,v4 ,an  
in/ructive "o1 :i* %all tell ev]ybody   
:at x is _! duty to "k1 & be ready      
pleasantly to answ] que/ions if anybody 
asks !m4  ,,vi4 ,a delib]ate & decisive 
"o1 :i* %all judge by law1 & am5d or    
make law2  ,,vii4 ,an exempl>y "o1 :i*  
%all %[ :at is lovelie/ 9 ! art ( life4 
,y may divide or "n ^? sev]al (fices z y

 w1 or !y may be divid$ 9 practice z    
exp$i5cy may recomm5d2 ! plan ,i h /at$ 
m]ely puts !m all into ! simple/ =ms &  
relations4  #afj4 ,y see ,i h j def9$ ! 
m>tial p[] z t :i* puni%es knaves &     
makes idle p]sons "w4 ,= t is inde$ !   
ultimate & p]5nial soldi]%ip2 t is !    
ess5tial w>rior's (fice to ! end ( "t4  
,!re is no dis*>ge 9 t w>4 ,to !        
compell+ ( slo?1 & ! sc\rg+ ( s91 !     
/rong h& w h to address itself z long z 
?is wret*$ little du/y & volcanic _w    
bre$s nettles1 & spits fire4 ,! soldi]'s
 (fice at pres5t is inde$ suppos$ to be 
! def5se ( 8 c\ntry aga9/ o!r c\ntries2 
b t is an (fice :i*--,utopian z y may   
?9k ! say+--w soon n[ be ext9ct4 ,i say 
s fe>lessly1 ?\gh ,i say x ) wide w>    
?reat5$1 at ?is mom5t1 9 ! ,ea/ & ,we/4 
,= obs]ve :at ! /&+ ( nations on _!     
def5se really means4 ,x means t1 b = su*
 arm$ attitude1 ea* ( !m w\ld g & rob ! 
o!r2 t is to say1 t ! majority ( active 
p]sons 9 e nation are at pres5t--?ieves4
 ,i am v sorry t ?is %\ld /ill be s2 b x

 w n be s long4 ,national exhibitions1  
inde$1 w n br+ peace2 b national        
education w1 & t is soon com+4 ,i c     
judge ( ?is by my own m9d1 = ,i am      
myself naturally z covet\s a p]son z    
lives 9 ?is _w1 & am z eag]ly-m9d$ to g 
& /eal "s ?+s ! ,fr5* h got1 z any      
h\sebreak] c\ld be1 hav+ clue to        
attractive spoons4 ,if ,i c\ld by       
milit>y incursion c>ry (f ,paul         
,v]onese's ,m>riage 9 ,cana1 & ! ,v5us  
,victrix1 & ! ,h\rs ( ,/4 ,l\is1 x w\ld 
give me ! pr(\nde/ satisfaction to      
accompli% ! =ay successfully2 nev]!less1
 be+ a comp>atively educat$ p]son1 ,i   
%\ld mo/ assur$ly n give myself t       
satisfaction1 ?\gh !re 7 n an ounce (   
gunp[d]1 nor a bayonet1 9 all ,france4  
,i h n ! lea/ m9d to rob anybody1 h[ev] 
mu* ,i may covet :at !y h got2 & ,i "k t
 ! ,fr5* & ,briti% public may & w1 ) _m 
o!r publics1 be at la/ br\ght to be (   
?is m9d also2 & to see f>!r t a nation's
 real /r5g? & happ9ess d n dep5d on     
prop]ties & t]ritories1 nor on ma*9]y = 

_! def5se2 b on _! gett+ su* t]ritory z 
!y h1 well fill$ ) none b respectable   
p]sons4 ,:i* is a way ( inf9itely enl>g+
 "o's t]ritory1 feasible to e pot5tate2 
& dep5d5t no wise on gett+ ,tr5t turn$1 
or ,rh9e-edge rea*$4  #afa4 ,n b t1 9 ! 
pres5t /ate ( ?+s1 x may (t5 be soldi]s'
 duty to seize t]ritory1 & hold x       
/rongly2 b only f b&itti1 or savage &   
idle p]sons4  ,?us1 bo? ,calabria &     
,greece ought to h be5 irresi/ibly      
occupi$ long ago4 ,in/ead ( qu>rel+ )   
,au/ria ab\t ,v5ice1 ! ,italians ought  
to h made a truce ) h] = t5 ye>s1 on    
condition only ( h] de/roy+ no monum5ts1
 & n tax+ ,italians m ?an ,g]mans2 & !n 
?r[n ! :ole =ce ( _! army on ,calabria1 
%ot d[n e b&it 9 x 9 a week1 & =c$ !    
peasantry ( x into hone/ "w on e        
hill-side1 ) /\t & imm$iate help f !    
soldi]s 9 embank+ /reams1 build+ walls1 
& ! l2 & ,italian f9ance w\ld h be5 a   
mu* pleasant] matt] = ! ,k+ to take     
acc\nt ( by ?is "t2 & a fleet might h   
be5 float+ "u ,g>ganus /rong en\gh to   

sweep e ho/ile sail out ( ! ,adriatic1  
in/ead ( a disgrac$ & useless remnant ( 
"o1 ab\t to be put up to auction4  ,&   
simil>ly1 we ought to h occupi$ ,greece 
in/antly1 :5 !y ask$ u1 :e!r ,russia    
lik$ x or n2 giv5 !m an ,engli% k+1 made
 good roads = !m1 & /\t laws2 & kept !m1
 & _! hills & seas1 ) righte\s %eph]d+ (
 ,arcadian fields1 & righte\s rul+ (    
,salam9ian wave1 until !y c\ld h giv5   
!mselves a ,greek k+ ( m5 aga92 & obey$ 
him1 l m54                              
,april #bd4  #afb4 ,x is /range t j be=e
 ,i f9i% "w = ?is "t1 !re comes ! fir/  
real & notable sign ( ! victory ( !     
pr9ciples ,i h be5 fight+ =1 ^! sev5    
ye>s4 ,x is only a newspap] p>agraph1 b 
x means mu*4 ,look at ! second column ( 
! #aa? page ( ye/]day's ',pall ,mall    
,gazette1' ,! pap] has tak5 a wond]ful  
fit ( mispr9t+ lately 7unless my fri5d  
,john ,simon has be5 knight$ on 8 way to
 ,weim>1 :i* w\ld be mu* too "r & good a
 ?+ to be a likely "o72 b its /raws (   
talk m>k :i* way ! w9d bl[s p]haps m    

e>ly ?an ^? ( any o!r j\rnal--& look at 
! "q x puts 9 t page1 ,:e!r political   
economy be ! sordid & mat]iali/ic sci5ce
 "s acc\nt x1 or almo/ ! noble/ on :i*  
?\ght c be employ$8 ,might n y z well h 
det]m9$ t "q a little :ile ago1 fri5d   
,public8 & kn[n :at political economy 01
 be=e y talk$ s mu* ab\t x8  ,b1 h>k1   
aga9--,o/5tation1 p>5tal pride & a ho/ (
 moral 7immoral87 qualities mu/ be      
recogniz$ z among ! spr+s ( indu/ry2    
political economy %\ld n ignore ^!1 b1  
to discuss !m1 x mu/ ab&on its          
pret5sions to ! precision ( a pure      
sci5ce4  #afc4 ,well done ! ',pall      
,mall'6 ,_h x writt5 ,prud5ce & p>5tal  
affection1 in/ead ( ,o/5tation & p>5tal 
pride1 mu/ be recogniz$ among ! spr+s ( 
indu/ry1 x w\ld h be5 /ill bett]2 & x   
w\ld !n h a*iev$ ! expression ( a "p ( !
 tru?1 :i* ,i put into cle> t]ms 9 !    
fir/ s5t5ce ( ',unto ?is ,la/1' 9 ! ye> 
#ahfb--:i* x has ?us tak5 five ye>s to  
get half way into ! public's head4      
,among ! delusions :i* at diff]5t p]iods

 h possess$ !mselves ( ! m9ds ( l>ge    
masses ( ! human race1 p]haps ! mo/     
curi\s--c]ta9ly ! lea/ cr$itable--is !  
mod]n soi-disant sci5ce ( political     
economy1 bas$ on ! idea t an advantage\s
 code ( social action may be det]m9$1   
irrespectively ( ! influ5ce ( social    
affection4  ,look also at ! def9ition ( 
skill1 p4 #hg4  ,"u ! t]m 'skill' ,i    
mean to include ! unit$ =ce ( exp]i5ce1 
intellect1 & passion1 9 _! op]ation on  
manual labor1 & "u ! t]m 'passion' to   
include ! entire range ( ! moral feel+s4
  #afd4 ,i say half way into ! public's 
head1 because y see1 a few l9es fur!r   
on1 ! ',pall ,mall' hopes = a pause half
 way betwe5 ! rigidity ( ,ric>do & !    
s5tim5tality ( ,rusk94  ,) "o h& on _!  
pocket1 & ! o!r on _! he>t6 ,be x s = ! 
pres5t2 we %all see h[ long ?is         
/atuesque attitude c be ma9ta9$2        
meantime1 x *ances /rangely--z sev]al   
o!r ?+s h *anc$ :ile ,i 0 writ+ ^! notes
 to y--t !y %\ld h put 9 t sne] 7two    
l9es be=e7 at my note on ! mean+ ( !    

,hom]ic & ,platonic ,sir5s1 at ! v mom5t
 :5 ,i 0 d\bt+ :e!r ,i w\ld or w\ld n   
tell y ! significance ( ! la/ song (    
,ariel 9 ',! ,tempe/4'  ,i _h half      
det]m9$ n1 b n[ ,i %all4 ,& ?is 0 :at   
br\ght me to ?9k ( x3--  #afe4 ,ye/]day 
aft]noon ,i call$ on ,mr4 ,h4 ,c4       
,sorby1 to see "s ( ! results ( an      
inquiry he has be5 foll[+ all la/ ye>1  
into ! nature ( ! color+ matt] ( leaves 
& fl[]s4  ,y mo/ probably h he>d 7at all
 ev5ts1 may ) little tr\ble he>7 ( !    
m>vel\s p[] :i* *emical analysis has    
receiv$ 9 rec5t discov]ies respect+ !   
laws ( light4  ,my fri5d %[$ me ! ra9b[ 
( ! rose1 & ! ra9b[ ( ! violet1 & !     
ra9b[ ( ! hyac9?1 & ! ra9b[ ( =e/ leaves
 be+ born1 & ! ra9b[ ( =e/ leaves dy+4  
,&1 la/1 he %[$ me ! ra9b[ ( blood4 ,x 0
 b ! ?ree-hundr$? "p ( a gra91 dissolv$ 
9 a drop ( wat]2 & x ca/ its measur$    
b>s1 = ev] recognizable n[ to human     
sight1 on ! *ord ( ! sev5 colors4 ,& no 
drop ( t r$ ra9 c n[ be %$1 s small z t 
! /a9 ( x _c be kn[n1 & ! voice ( x he>d

 out ( ! gr\nd4  #aff4 ,b ! see+ ^! fl[]
 colors1 & ! iris ( blood toge!r ) !m1 j
 :ile ,i 0 try+ to ga!r into brief space
 ! "r laws ( w>1 br\ght vividly back to 
me my dream+ fancy ( long ago1 t ev5 !  
trees ( ! e>? 7 capable ( a k9d ( sorr[1
 z !y op5$ _! innoc5t leaves 9 va9 = m52
 & along ! dells ( ,engl& h] bee*es ca/ 
_! dappl$ %ades only :]e ! outlaw drew 8
 b[1 & ! k+ rode 8 c>eless *ase2 amid/ !
 fair defiles ( ! ,ap5n9es1 ! twi/$     
olive-trunks hid ! ambu%es ( trea*]y1 & 
on _! mead[s1 day by day1 ! lilies1 :i* 
7 :ite at ! dawn1 7 wa%$ ) crimson at   
sunset4  ,& s also n[ ?is *ance ^w ( !  
daily j\rnal1 ab\t ! ,sir5s1 br\ght to  
my m9d ! div9e passage 9 ! ,cratylus (  
,plato1 ab\t ! place ( ! dead4  ,& none 
( ^? :o dwell !re desire to dep>t       
!nce1--no1 n ev5 ! ,sir5s2 b ev5 !y1 !  
s$uc]s1 are !re !mselves beguil$1 & !y  
:o lull$ all m51 !mselves laid to       
re/--!y1 & all o!rs--su* sweet songs do?
 dea? "k h[ to s+ to !m4  ,s also !     
,hebrew4  ,& desire %all fail1 because  

man goe? to 8 long home4 ,= y "k ,i told
 y ! ,sir5s 7 n pleasures1 b desires2   
be+ always repres5t$ 9 old ,greek art z 
hav+ human faces1 ) birds' w+s & feet2 &
 sometimes ) eyes ^u _! w+s2 & !re are n
 two m important passages 9 all         
lit]ature1 respect+ ! laws ( labor & (  
life1 ?an ^? two great descriptions ( ! 
,sir5s 9 ,hom] & ,plato1--! ,sir5s (    
dea?1 & ,sir5s ( et]nal life1 repres5t+ 
sev]ally ! e>?ly & heav5ly desires ( m52
 ! heav5ly desires s++ to ! motion (    
circles ( ! sph]es1 & ! e>?ly on ! rocks
 ( fatale/ %ipwreck4 ,a fact :i* may    
inde$ be reg>d$ s5tim5tally1 b x is also
 a pr(\ndly important                   
politico-economical "o4  ,& n[ =        
,%akespe>e's song4  #afg4 ,y w f9d1 if y
 look back to ! analysis ( x1 giv5 9    
',mun]a ,pulv]is1'  #acd1 t ! :ole play 
( ',! ,tempe/' is an allegorical        
repres5tation ( ! p[]s ( true1 & !re=e  
spiritual1 ,lib]ty1 z oppos$ to true1 & 
!re=e c>nal & brutal ,slav]y4 ,!re is n 
a s5t5ce nor a rhyme1 sung or utt]$ by  

,ariel or ,caliban1 ?r\gh\t ! play1 :i* 
has n ?is "u-mean+4  #afh4 ,n[ !        
fulfilm5t ( all human lib]ty is 9 !     
peaceful inh]itance ( ! e>?1 ) its h]b  
yield+ se$1 & fruit tree yield+ fruit   
aft] 8 k9d2 ! pa/ure1 or arable1 l&1 & !
 blossom+1 or wood$ & fruit$1 l& unit+ !
 f9al elem5ts ( life & peace1 = body &  
s\l4 ,!re=e1 we h ! two great ,hebrew   
=ms ( b5$iction1 ,8 eyes %all be r$ )   
w9e1 & 8 tee? :ite ) milk1 & aga91      
,butt] & honey %all he eat1 t he may "k 
to refuse ! evil & *oose ! good4 ,& z ! 
"w ( w> & s9 has always be5 ! deva/ation
 ( ?is blossom+ e>?1 :e!r by spoil or   
idl5ess1 s ! "w ( peace & virtue is also
 t ( ! fir/ day ( ,p>adise1 to ,dress x 
& to keep x4 ,& t w always be ! song (  
p]fectly accompli%$ ,lib]ty1 9 h]       
indu/ry1 & re/1 & %elt] f tr\bl$ ?\ghts 
9 ! calm ( ! fields1 & ga9+1 by         
migration1 ! long summ]'s day f ! %ort5+
 twilight3--    ,:]e ! bee sucks1 !re   
lurk ,i2   ,9 a c[slip's bell ,i lie2   
,!re ,i c\* :5 owls d cry4   ,on ! bat's

 back ,i d fly   ,aft] summ] m]rily3    
,m]rily1 m]rily1 %all ,i live n[   ,"u !
 blossom t hangs on ! b\gh4  ,& !       
security ( ?is treasure to all ! poor1 &
 n ! ravage ( x d[n ! valleys ( !       
,%5&oah1 is inde$ ! true w>rior's "w4   
,b1 t !y may be able to re/ra9 vice     
rightly1 soldi]s mu/ !mselves be fir/ 9 
virtue2 & t !y may be able to compel    
labor /]nly1 !y mu/ !mselves be fir/ 9  
toil1 & _! spe>s1 l ,jona?an's at       
,be?av51 enlight5]s ( ! eyes4           
,,lett] ,,xxv4  ,,( ,,inevitable        
,,di/9ction ,,( ,,rank1 ,,& ,,necess>y  
,,submission ,,to ,,au?ority4 ,,!       
,,mean+ ,,( ,,pure-,,he>t$ness4         
,,conclusion4   #afi4 ,i 0 int]rupt$    
ye/]day1 j z ,i 0 go+ to set my soldi]s 
to "w2 & to-day1 "h comes ! pamphlet y  
promis$ me1 conta9+ ! ,debates ab\t     
,*ur*-go+1 9 :i* ,i f9d s int]e/+ a text
 = my conclud+ lett] t ,i mu/ /ill let  
my soldi]s /& at ease = a little :ile4  
,look at its tw5ty-fif? page1 & y w f9d1
 9 ! spee* ( ,mr4 ,?omas1 7c>p5t]17 ?is 

beautiful explanation ( ! admitt$ *ange 
9 ! g5]al public m9d1 ( :i* ,mr4 ,?omas1
 = 8 "p1 highly approves1 7! gett+ out (
 ! unreasonable habit ( pay+ respect to 
anybody47 ,!re 7 _m reasons to ,mr4     
,?omas's m9d :y ! work+ classes did n   
att5d places ( wor%ip3 "o 01 t ! p>son 0
 reg>d$ z an object ( rev]5ce4 ,9 !     
little t[n he came f1 if a poor man did 
n make a b[ to ! p>son he 0 a m>k$ man4 
,?is 0 no d\bt we>+ away to a great     
ext5t 7! base habit ( mak+ b[s71        
because1 ! poor man 0 beg9n+ to get     
education1 & to ?9k = himself4 ,x 0 only
 :ile ! prie/ kept ! press f him t he 0 
kept ignorant1 & 0 compell$ to b[1 z x  
71 to ! p>son4444 ,x 0 ! case all ov]   
,engl&4 ,! cl]gyman seem$ to ?9k himself
 some?+ sup]ior4 ,n[ he 7,mr4 ,?omas7   
did n admit !re 0 any inf]iority        
7laught]1 audi5ce ?r\gh\t c\rse ( meet+ 
ma9ly 9 ! "r71 except1 p]haps1 on !     
score ( 8 hav+ receiv$ a classical      
education1 :i* ! poor man c\ld n get4   
,n[1 my de> fri5d1 "h is ! elem5t :i* is

 ! v]ie/ devil ( all t h got into mod]n 
fle%2 ?is infidelity ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 
,/4 ,?omas 9 !re be+ any?+ bett] ?an    
himself alive2,a c\pl$1 z x always is1 )
 ! f>!r resolution--if unwill+ly conv9c$
 ( ! fact1--to seal ! ,bett] liv+ ?+ d[n
 aga9 out ( 8 way1 "u ! fir/ /one h&y4  
,i _h n int5d$1 till we ent]$ on !      
second section ( our inquiry1 namely1   
into ! influ5ce ( g5tl5ess 7hav+ hi!rto1
 y see1 be5 :olly conc]n$ ) t ( ju/ice71
 to give y ! clue out ( our dilemma ab\t
 equalities produc$ by education2 b by !
 spee* ( our sup]ior c>p5t]1 ,i am driv5
 into x at once1 & x is p]haps z well4  
,a ,comp>e ',cr[n ( ,wild ,olive1'      
#acf4  #agj4 ,! spee* is n1 obs]ve1 )\t 
its own root ( tru? at ! bottom ( x1 nor
 at all1 z ,i ?9k1 ill int5d$ by !      
speak]2 b y h 9 x a cle> in/ance ( :at  
,i 0 say+ 9 ! sixte5? ( ^! lett]s1--t   
education 0 desir$ by ! l[] ord]s       
because !y ?\ght x w\ld make !m upp]    
ord]s1 & be a level] & effac] (         
di/9ctions4 ,!y w be mightily a/oni%$1  

:5 !y really get x1 to f9d t x is1 on ! 
contr>y1 ! fatale/ ( all disc]n]s &     
en=c]s ( di/9ctions2 pi]c+1 ev5 to !    
division ( ! jo9ts & m>r[1 to f9d out   
:]e9 y\r body & s\l are less1 or great]1
 ?an o!r bodies & s\ls1 & to sign de$ ( 
sep>ation ) unequivocal seal4  #aga4    
,education is1 inde$1 ( all diff]5ces n 
div9ely appo9t$1 an in/ant effac] &     
reconcil]4 ,:atev] is undiv9ely poor1 x 
w make ri*2 :atev] is undiv9ely maim$1 &
 halt1 & bl9d1 x w make :ole1 & equal1 &
 see+4 ,! bl9d & ! lame are to x z to   
,david at ! siege ( ! ,t[] ( ! ,k+s1    
hat$ ( ,david's s\l4 ,b !re are o!r     
div9ely-appo9t$ diff]5ces1 et]nal z !   
ranks ( ! ev]la/+ hills1 & z ! /r5g? (  
_! ceaseless wat]s4 ,& ^!1 education    
does n d away )2 b measures1 manife/s1 &
 employs4  ,9 ! h&ful ( %+le :i* y ga!r 
f ! sea-bea*1 :i* ! indiscrim9ate sea1 )
 equality ( frat]nal foam1 has only     
educat$ to be1 e "o1 r\nd1 y w see      
little diff]5ce betwe5 ! noble & mean   
/ones4 ,b ! jewel]'s tr5*ant education (

 !m w tell y ano!r /ory4 ,ev5 ! meane/ w
 be bett] = x1 b ! noble/ s mu* bett] t 
y c class ! two toge!r no m4 ,! fair    
ve9s & colors are all cle> n[1 & s /]n  
is nature's int5t reg>d+ ?is1 t n only w
 ! poli% %[ :i* is be/1 b ! be/ w take  
mo/ poli%4 ,y %all n m]ely see !y h m   
virtue ?an ! o!rs1 b see t m ( virtue m 
cle>ly2 & ! less virtue !re is1 ! m     
dimly y %all see :at !re is ( x4  #agb4 
,& ! law ab\t education1 :i* is         
sorr[fule/ to vulg> pride1 is ?is--t all
 its ga9s are at comp\nd int]e/2 s t1 z 
our "w proce$s1 e h\r ?r[s u f>!r beh9d 
! great] m5 ) :om we began on equal     
t]ms4 ,two *ildr5 g to s*ool h& 9 h&1 & 
spell = half an h\r ov] ! same page4    
,?r\gh all _! lives1 nev] %all !y spell 
f ! same page m4 ,"o is pres5tly a page 
ahead1--two pages1 t5 pages1--& ev]more1
 ?\gh ea* toils equally1 ! int]val      
enl>ges--at bir? no?+1 at dea?1 inf9ite4
  #agc4 ,& by ?is y may recognize true  
education f false4 ,false education is a
 delightful ?+1 & w>ms y1 & makes y e   

day ?9k m ( y\rself4 ,& true education  
is a deadly cold ?+ ) a ,gorgon's head  
on h] %ield1 & makes y e day ?9k worse (
 y\rself4  ,worse 9 two ways1 also1 m's 
! pity4 ,x is p]petually increas+ !     
p]sonal s5se ( ignorance & ! p]sonal    
s5se ( fault4 ,& ?is la/ is ! tru? :i*  
is at ! bottom ( ! common evangelical   
notion ab\t conv]sion1 & :i* ! ,devil   
has got hold (1 & hidd51 until1 in/ead (
 see+ & confess+ p]sonal ignorance &    
fault1 z comp>$ ) ! s5se & virtue (     
o!rs1 p see no?+ b corruption 9 human   
nature1 & %elt] _! own s9s "u accusation
 ( _! race 7! wor/ ( all ass]tions (    
equality & frat]nity74 ,& s !y avoid !  
bless$ & /r5g!n+ pa9 ( f9d+ out :]e9 !y 
are fools1 z comp>$ ) o!r m51 by call+  
ev]ybody else a fool too2 & avoid ! pa9 
( disc]n+ _! own faults1 by vocif]\sly  
claim+ _! %>e 9 ! great capital (       
orig9al s94  ,i mu/ also1 !re=e1 tell y 
"h :at prop]ly ought to h begun ! next  
foll[+ section ( our subject--! po9t    
usually unnotic$ 9 ! p>able ( !         

,prodigal ,son4  #agd4 ,fir/1 h y ev]   
obs]v$ t all ,*ri/'s ma9 tea*+s1 by     
direct ord]1 by e>ne/ p>able1 & by ,8   
own p]man5t emotion1 reg>d ! use &      
misuse ( money8 ,we might h ?\ght1 if we
 _h be5 ask$ :at a div9e tea*] 0 mo/    
likely to tea*1 t he w\ld h left inf]ior
 p]sons to give directions ab\t money2 &
 himself spok5 only conc]n+ fai? & love1
 & ! discipl9e ( ! passions1 & ! guilt (
 ! crimes ( s\l aga9/ s\l4 ,b n s4 ,he  
speaks 9 g5]al t]ms ( ^!4 ,b ,he does n 
speak p>ables ab\t !m = all m5's memory1
 nor p]mit ,himself fi]ce indignation   
aga9/ !m1 9 all m5's sight4 ,! ,ph>isees
 br+ ,him an adult]ess4 ,he writes h]   
=giv5ess on ! du/ ( :i* ,he _h =m$ h]4  
,ano!r1 despis$ ( all = kn[n s91 ,he    
recogniz$ z a giv] ( unkn[n love4 ,b ,he
 ackn[l$ges no love 9 buy]s & sell]s 9  
,8 h\se4 ,"o %\ld h ?\ght !re 7 p 9 t   
h\se tw5ty times worse ?an              
!y2--,caiaphas & 8 l--false prie/s1     
false pray]-mak]s1 false lead]s ( !     
p--:o ne$$ putt+ to sil5ce1 or to       

flight1 ) d>ke/ wra?4 ,b ! sc\rge is    
only aga9/ ! traffick]s & ?ieves4 ,! two
 mo/ int5se ( all ! p>ables3 ! two :i*  
lead ! re/ 9 love & t]ror 7?is ( !      
,prodigal1 & ( ,dives71 relate1 bo? (   
!m1 to managem5t ( ri*es4 ,! practical  
ord] giv5 to ! only seek] ( advice1 (   
:om x is record$ t ,*ri/ lov$ him1 is   
briefly ab\t 8 prop]ty4 ,sell t ?\ ha/4 
,& ! arbitram5t ( ! day ( ! ,la/        
,judgm5t is made to re/ :olly1 nei!r on 
belief 9 ,god1 nor 9 any spiritual      
virtue 9 man1 nor on fre$om f /ress (   
/ormy crime1 b on ?is only1 ,i 0 an     
hung]$ & ye gave me dr9k2 nak$1 & ye    
clo!d me2 sick1 & ye came unto me4      
#age4 ,well1 !n1 ! fir/ ?+ ,i want y to 
notice 9 ! p>able ( ! ,prodigal ,son 7& 
! la/ ?+ :i* p usually d notice 9 x71   
is--t x is ab\t a ,prodigal6 ,he beg9s  
by ask+ = 8 %>e ( 8 fa!r's goods2 he    
gets x1 c>ries x (f1 & wa/es x4 ,x is   
true t he wa/es x 9 riot\s liv+1 b y are
 n ask$ to notice 9 :at k9d ( riot2 he  
sp5ds x ) h>lots--b x is n ! h>lotry :i*

 8 eld] bro!r accuses him ( ma9ly1 b (  
hav+ dev\r$ 8 fa!r's liv+4 ,nay1 x is n 
! s5sual life :i* he accuses himself    
(--or :i* ! mann] ( 8 puni%m5t accuses  
him (4 ,b ! wa/eful life4 ,x is n said t
 he _h become debau*$ 9 s\l1 or diseas$ 
9 body1 by 8 vice2 b t at la/ he w\ld   
fa9 h fill$ 8 belly ) husks1 & c\ld n4  
,x is n said t he 0 /ruck ) remorse = ! 
consequ5ces ( 8 evil passions1 b only t 
he rememb]$ !re 0 bread en\gh & to sp>e1
 ev5 = ! s]vants1 at home4  ,n[1 my     
fri5d1 d n ?9k ,i want to ext5uate s9s (
 passion 7?\gh1 9 v tru?1 ! s9 (        
,magdal5e is a light "o comp>$ to t (   
,judas72 b obs]ve1 s9s ( passion1 if (  
real passion1 are (t5 ! errors &        
backfalls ( noble s\ls2 b prodigality is
 m]e & pure selfi%ness1 & ess5tially !  
s9 ( an ignoble or undevelop$ creature2 
& ,i w\ld r1 t5 times r1 he> ( a y\? t  
7c]ta9 degrees ( temptation & conditions
 ( resi/ance be+ und]/ood7 he _h fall5  
into any s9 y *ose to "n1 ( all ! mortal
 ones1 ?an t he 0 9 ! habit ( runn+     

bills :i* he c\ld n pay4  ,f>!r1 ?\gh ,i
 hold t ! two cr[n+ & mo/ accurs$ s9s ( 
! society ( ?is pres5t day are !        
c>elessness ) :i* x reg>ds ! betrayal ( 
wom51 & ! brutality ) :i* x suff]s !    
neglect ( *ildr51 bo? ^! head & *ief    
crimes1 & all o!rs1 are root$ fir/ 9    
abuse ( ! laws1 & neglect ( ! duties    
conc]n+ weal?4 ,& ?us ! love ( money1 ) 
! p>allel 7&1 obs]ve1 ma!matically      
comm5surate loos5ess 9 managem5t ( x71 !
 mal t5]1 foll[$ necess>ily by ! mal    
d>e1 is1 inde$1 ! root ( all evil4      
#agf4 ,!n1 secondly1 ,i want y to note t
 :5 ! prodigal comes to 8 s5ses1 he     
compla9s ( nobody b himself1 & speaks ( 
no unwor?9ess b 8 own4 ,he says no?+    
aga9/ any ( ! wom5 :o tempt$ him--no?+  
aga9/ ! citiz5 :o left him to fe$ on    
husks--no?+ ( ! false fri5ds ( :om no   
man gave unto him--above all1 no?+ ( !  
corruption ( human nature1 or !         
corruption ( ?+s 9 g5]al4 ,he says t he 
himself is unwor?y1 z di/+ui%$ f        
honorable p]sons1 & t he himself has    

s9n$1 z di/+ui%$ f righte\s p]sons4 ,& t
 is ! h>d lesson to le>n1 & ! beg9n+ (  
fai?ful lessons4 ,all "r & fruitful     
humility1 & purg+ ( he>t1 & see+ ( ,god1
 is 9 t4 ,x is easy to call y\rself !   
*ief ( s9n]s1 expect+ e s9n] r\nd y to  
decl9e--or return--! complim5t2 b le>n  
to measure ! real degrees ( y\r own     
relative bas5ess1 & to be a%am$1 n 9    
heav5's sight1 b 9 man's sight2 &       
r$emption is inde$ begun4 ,obs]ve !     
phrase1 ,i h s9n$ aga9/ heav51 aga9/ !  
great law ( t1 & be=e !e1 visibly       
degrad$ be=e my human sire & guide1     
unwor?y any m ( be+ e/eem$ ( 8 blood1 & 
desir\s only ( tak+ ! place ,i des]ve   
among 8 s]vants4  #agg4 ,n[1 ,i d n d\bt
 b t ,i %all set _m a read]'s tee? on   
edge by :at he w ?9k my c>nal & mat]ial 
r5d]+ ( ?is beautiful p>able4 ,b ,i am j
 z ready to spiritualize x z he is1     
provid$ ,i am sure fir/ t we und]/& x4  
,if we want to und]/& ! p>able ( ! s[]1 
we mu/ fir/ ?9k ( x z ( lit]al husb&ry2 
if we want to und]/& ! p>able ( !       

prodigal1 we mu/ fir/ und]/& x z (      
lit]al prodigality4 ,& ! /ory has also =
 u a preci\s lesson 9 ?is lit]al s5se ( 
x1 namely ?is1 :i* ,i h be5 urg+ ^u y   
?r\gh\t ^! lett]s1 t all r$emption mu/  
beg9 9 subjection & 9 ! recov]y ( ! s5se
 ( ,fa!rhood & au?ority1 z all ru9 &    
desolation beg9 9 ! loss ( t s5se4 ,!   
lo/ son began by claim+ 8 rights4 ,he is
 f\nd :5 he resigns !m4 ,he is lo/ by   
fly+ f 8 fa!r1 :5 8 fa!r's au?ority 0   
only pat]nal4 ,he is f\nd by return+ to 
8 fa!r1 & desir+ t 8 au?ority may be    
absolute1 z ov] a hir$ /rang]4  ,& ?is  
is ! practical lesson ,i want to leave )
 y1 & all o!r work+ m54  #agh4 ,y are on
 ! eve ( a great political crisis2 & e  
rascal ) a tongue 9 8 head w try to make
 8 own /ock out ( y4 ,n[ ?is is ! te/ y 
mu/ try !m )4 ,^? t say to y1 ,/& up =  
y\r rights--get y\r division ( liv+--be 
sure t y are z well (f z o!rs1 & h :at  
!y h6--don't let any man dictate to y--h
 n y all a "r to y\r op9ion8--are y n   
all z good z ev]ybody else8--let u h no 

gov]nors1 or fa!rs--let u all be free & 
alike4 ,^?1 ,i say1 :o speak ?us to y1  
take ,nelson's r\gh ord] =--& hate !m z 
y d ! ,devil1 = !y are 8 ambassadors4 ,b
 ^?1 ! few1 :o h ! c\rage to say to y1  
,my fri5ds1 y & ,i1 & all ( u1 h someh[ 
got v wrong2 we've be5 h>dly treat$1    
c]ta9ly2 b "h we are 9 a pigg]y1 ma9ly  
by our own fault1 hungry en\gh1 & =     
ourselves1 any?+ b respectable3 we mu/  
get out ( ?is2 !re are c]ta9ly laws we  
may le>n to live by1 & !re are wis] p   
?an we are 9 ! _w1 & k9dly ones1 if we c
 f9d our way to !m2 & an inf9itely wise 
& k9d ,fa!r1 above all ( !m & u1 if we c
 b f9d our way to ,him1 & ask ,him to   
take u = s]vants1 & put u to any "w ,he 
w1 s t we may nev] leave ,him m4 ,! p :o
 w say t to y1 & 7= by no say+1 b by _! 
fruits1 only1 y %all f9ally "k !m7 :o   
are !mselves ord]ly & k9dly1 & d _! own 
bus9ess well1--take ^? = y\r guides1 &  
tru/ !m2 on ice & rock alike1 tie       
y\rselves well toge!r ) !m1 & ) mu*     
scrut9y1 & cauti\s walk+ 7p]haps ne>ly z

 mu* back z =w>d1 at fir/71 y w v]ily   
get (f ! glaci]1 & into mead[ l&1 9     
,god's "t4  #agi4 ,i meant to h writt5  
mu* to y respect+ ! mean+ ( t ^w hir$   
s]vants1 & to h gone on to ! duties (   
soldi]s1 = y "k ,soldi] means a p]son :o
 is paid to fight ) regul> pay--lit]ally
 ) soldi or s\s--! p5ny a day ( ! v9ey>d
 labor]s2 b ,i c't n[3 only j ?is mu*1 t
 our :ole sy/em ( "w mu/ be bas$ on !   
nobl5ess ( soldi]%ip--s t we %all all be
 soldi]s ( ei!r pl[%>e or sword2 &      
lit]ally all our actual & pr(ess$       
soldi]s1 :e!r pr(ess$ = a "t only1 or = 
life1 mu/ be kept to h>d "w ( h&1 :5 n 9
 actual w>2 _! honor consi/+ 9 be+ set  
to s]vice ( m pa9 & dang] ?an o!rs2 to  
life-boat s]vice2 to r$eem+ ( gr\nd f   
furi\s riv]s or sea--or m\nta9 ru92 to  
subdu+ wild & unheal?y l&1 & ext5d+ !   
conf9es ( colonies 9 ! front ( miasm &  
fam9e1 & savage races4  ,& mu* ( our    
h>d] home "w mu/ be done 9 a k9d (      
soldi]%ip1 by b&s ( tra9$ work]s s5t f  
place to place & t[n to t[n2 do+1 )     

/rong & sudd5 h&1 :at is ne$$ = help1 & 
sett+ all ?+s 9 m prosp]\s c\rses = !   
future4  ,( all :i* ,i hope to speak 9  
its prop] place aft] we "k :at (fices ! 
high] arts ( g5tl5ess h among ! l[] ones
 ( =ce1 & h[ _! preval5ce may gradually 
*ange spe> to prun+-hook1 ov] ! face (  
all ! e>?4  #ahj4 ,& n[--b "o ^w m--ei!r
 = y1 or any o!r read]s :o may be />tl$ 
at :at ,i h be5 say+1 z to ! peculi>    
/ress laid by ! ,f\nd] ( our religion on
 "r deal+ ) weal?4 ,let !m be assur$ t x
 is ) no =tuit\s *oice among !          
attributes or p[]s ( evil1 t ,mammon is 
assign$ = ! direct adv]s>y ( ! ,ma/] :om
 !y are b\nd to s]ve4 ,y _c1 by any     
artifice ( reconciliation1 be ,god's    
soldi]1 & 84 ,nor :ile ! desire ( ga9 is
 )9 y\r he>t1 c any true k ( ! ,k+dom ( 
,god come !re4 ,no "o %all ent] its     
/ronghold1--no "o receive its bless+1   
except1 he t ha? clean h&s & a pure     
he>t2 clean h&s t h done no cruel       
de$1--pure he>t1 t kn[s no base desire4 
,&1 !re=e1 9 ! highe/ spiritual s5se t c

 be giv5 to words1 be assur$1 n respect+
 ! lit]al temple ( /one & gold1 b ( !   
liv+ temple ( y\r body & s\l1 t no      
r$emption1 nor tea*+1 nor hall[+1 w be  
anywise possible = x1 until ^! two v]ses
 h be51 = x also1 fulfill$3--  ,& ,he   
w5t into ! temple1 & began to ca/ out !m
 t sold !re91 & !m t b\ght4 ,& ,he      
taught daily 9 ! temple4                
,,app5dices4     ,,app5dix ,i4  ,page   
#ba4--;,exp5diture on ,sci5ce & ,art4   
,! foll[+ is ! passage ref]r$ to4 ,!    
fact x relates is s curi\s1 & s         
illu/rative ( our national int]e/ 9     
sci5ce1 t ,i d n apologize = !          
repetition3--  ,two ye>s ago !re 0 a    
collection ( ! fossils ( ,sol5h(5 to be 
sold 9 ,bav>ia2 ! be/ 9 exi/5ce1 conta9+
 _m specim5s unique = p]fectness1 & "o1 
unique z an example ( a species 7a :ole 
k+dom ( unkn[n liv+ creatures be+       
ann\nc$ by t fossil74 ,?is collection1 (
 :i* ! m]e m>ket wor?1 among private    
buy]s1 w\ld probably h be5 "s ?\s& or   
twelve hundr$ p\nds1 0 (f]$ to ! ,engli%

 nation = sev5 hundr$3 b we w\ld n give 
sev5 hundr$1 & ! :ole s]ies w\ld h be5 9
 ! ,muni* museum at ?is mom5t1 if       
,pr(essor ,ow5,a _h n1 ) loss ( 8 own   
"t1 & pati5t torm5t+ ( ! ,briti% public 
9 ! p]son ( its repres5tatives1 got     
leave to give f\r hundr$ p\nds at once1 
& himself become answ]able = ! o!r      
?ree6--:i* ! said public w d\btless pay 
him ev5tually1 b sulkily1 & c>+ no?+    
ab\t ! matt] all ! :ile2 only always    
ready to cackle if any cr$it comes ( x4 
,consid]1 ,i beg ( y1 ari?metically1 :at
 ?is fact means4 ,y\r annual exp5diture 
= public purposes 7a ?ird ( x = milit>y 
app>atus7 is at lea/ fifty millions4 ,n[
 sev5 hundr$ p\nds is to fifty million  
p\nds1 r\ghly1 z sev5 p5ce to two ?\s&  
p\nds4 ,suppose1 !n1 a g5tleman ( unkn[n
 income1 b ^: weal? 0 to be conjectur$ f
 ! fact t he sp5t two ?\s& a ye> on 8   
p>k walls & footm5 only1 pr(esses       
himself fond ( sci5ce2 & t "o ( 8       
s]vants comes eag]ly to tell him t an   
unique collection ( fossils1 giv+ clue  

to a new era ( creation1 is to be _h = !
 sum ( sev5p5ce /]l+2 & t ! g5tleman :o 
is fond ( sci5ce1 & sp5ds two ?\s& a ye>
 on 8 p>k1 answ]s1 aft] keep+ 8 s]vant  
wait+ sev]al mon?s1 ',well1 ,i'll give y
 f\rp5ce = !m1 if y w be answ]able = !  
extra ?reep5ce y\rself till next ye>4'  
,a ,i orig9ally /at$ ?is fact )\t       
,pr(essor ,ow5's     p]mission2 :i*1 (  
c\rse1 he c\ld n ) propriety     h      
grant$1 _h ,i ask$ x2 b ,i consid]$ x s 
important t ! public %\ld be aw>e ( !   
fact1 t ,i     did :at seem$ to me "r1  
?\gh rude4     ,,app5dix ,,ii4  ,page   
#cc4--,legislation ( ,fr$]ick ! ,great4 
,! foll[+ are ! portions ( ,mr4 ,dixon's
 lett]s ref]r$ to3--  ,well1 ,i am n[   
busy ) ,fr$]ick ! ,great2 ,i am n n[    
a/oni%$ t ,c>lyle calls him ,great1     
nei!r t ?is "w ( 8 %\ld h _h su* a sad  
effect ^u him 9 produc+ x1 :5 ,i see !  
numb] ( volumes he mu/ h _h to wade     
?r\gh to produce su* a cle> t]se set (  
utt]ances2 & yet ,i d n feel ! "w z a   
book likely to d a read] ( x ! good t "s

 ( 8 o!r books w d4 ,x is truly awful to
 read ^! battles aft] battles1 lies aft]
 lies1 call$ ,diplomacy2 x's fe>ful to  
read all ?is1 & "o wond]s h[ he t set   
himself to ?is--,he1 ( all m5--c\ld h ! 
r>e pati5ce to produce su* a labor$1    
he>t-r5d+ piece ( "w4 ,aga91 :5 "o reads
 ( ! /upidity1 ! %ameful wa/e ( our     
moneys by our =efa!rs1 to see our       
,national ,debt 7! curse to our labor   
n[1 ! mill/one to our comm]ce1 to our   
fair *ance ( competition 9 our day7 ?us 
creat$1 & = :at8 ,ev5 ,c>lyle _c tell2  
!n h[ are we to tell8 ,n[1 :o w deliv]  
u8 t is ! "q2 :o w help u 9 ^! days (   
idle or no "w1 :ile our =eign neighbors 
h pl5ty & are actually sell+ _! produce 
to our m5 ( capital *eap] ?an we c make 
x8 ,h\se-r5t gett+ de>]1 taxes gett+    
de>]1 rates1 clo?+1 food1 etc4 ,sad     
times1 my ma/]1 d seem to h fall5 ^u u4 
,& ! cause ( ne>ly all ?is lies emb$d$ 9
 t ,fr$]ick2 & yet1 s f> z ,i "k ( x1 no
 critic has yet giv5 an exposition ( su*
 lay+ !re4 ,= our beho(1 is !re no "o t 

w take ?is1 t !re lies s wov5 9 ) mu*   
o!r /uff s sad to read1 to any man t    
does n believe man 0 made to fight      
alone1 to be a but*] ( 8 fell[-man8 ,:o 
w d ?is "w1 or piece ( "w1 s t all :o   
c>e may "k h[ x is t our debt grew s    
l>ge1 & a great deal m t we ought to    
"k8--t cle>ly is "o great reason :y !   
book 0 writt5 & 0 pr9t$4 ,well1 ,i hope 
"s day all ?is w be cle> to our p1 & "s 
man or m5 w arise & sweep u cle> ( ^!   
h9drances1 ^! sad drawbacks to !        
vitality ( our "w 9 ?is _w4             
#eg1 ,nile ,/reet1 ,sund]l&1 ,feb4 #g1  
#ahfg4  ,,de> ,,sir1--  ,i beg to       
ackn[l$ge ! receipt ( two lett]s z      
additions to y\r books1 :i* ,i h read ) 
deep int]e/1 & %all take c>e ( !m1 &    
read !m ov] aga91 s t ,i may ?or\ghly   
compreh5d !m1 & be able to ?9k ( !m =   
future use4 ,i myself am n fully        
satisfi$ ) our co-op]ation1 & nev] h    
be52 x is too mu* t+$ ) ! v elem5ts t !y
 compla9 ( 9 our pres5t sy/ems (        
trade--selfi%ness4 ,i h = ye>s be5 try+ 

to direct ! att5tion ( ! editor ( !     
,co-op]ator to su* evils t ,i see 9 x4  
,n[ fur!r1 ,i may /ate t ,i f9d y &     
,c>lyle seem to agree q on ! idea ( !   
,ma/]hood qualification4 ,!re aga9 ,i   
f9d y bo? feel & write z all work+ m5   
consid] j4 ,i c assure y !re is n an    
hone/1 noble work+ man t w\ld n by f>   
s]ve "u su* ma/]-hood1 ?an be ! employ  
or workman ( a co-op]ative /ore4 ,work+ 
m5 d n z a rule make good ma/]s2 nei!r d
 !y treat ea* o!r ) t c\rtesy z a noble 
ma/] treats 8 work+ man4 ,george ,fox   
%ad[s =? "s su* treatm5t t ,fri5ds ought
 to make law & guidance = _! work+ m5 & 
slaves1 su* z y speak ( 9 y\r lett]s4 ,i
 w look ! passage up1 z x is q to !     
po9t1 s f> z ,i n[ rememb] x4 ,9 ,vol4  
,,vi4 ( ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 ,i f9d a     
great deal !re t ,i feel q c]ta91 if our
 ,que5 or ,gov]nm5t c\ld make law1 ?\s&s
 ( ,engli% work+ m5 w\ld hail x ) su* a 
%\t ( joy & gladness z w\ld a/oni% !    
,cont95tal _w4 ,^! *anges sugge/$ by    
,c>lyle & plac$ be=e ! ?9k]s ( ,engl&1  

are ! noble/1 ! true/ utt]ances on real 
k+hood1 t ,i h ev] read2 ! m ,i ?9k ov] 
!m1 ! m ,i feel ! tru?1 ! ju/ness1 &    
also ! fitness ( !m1 to our nation's    
pres5t dire necessities2 yet ?is is !   
man1 & ^! are ! ?\ghts ( 81 t our       
critics seem nev] to see1 or if se51    
don't ?9k wor? pr9t+ or 9 any way wisely
 direct+ ! att5tion ( ! public !reto1   
alas6 ,all ?is & mu* m fills me ) su*   
sadness t ,i am driv5 almo/ to despair4 
,i see f ! newspap]s1 ,york%ire1        
,lanca%ire1 & o!r places are /]nly      
endeavor+ to c>ry out ! %ort "t movem5t 
until su* times z trade revives1 & ,i   
f9d ! ma/]s & m5 seem to adopt x ) a    
good grace & fri5dly _s4 ,i also beg to 
in=m y ,i see a ,mr4 ,morley1 a l>ge    
manufactur] at ,nott+ham1 has be5 giv+  
p5sions to all 8 old workm54 ,i hope su*
 a noble example w be foll[$ by o!r     
weal?y ma/]s4 ,x w\ld d m to make a ma/]
 lov$1 honor$1 & c>$ =1 ?an ?\s&s (     
p\nds exp5d$ 9 o!r ways4 ,! ,gov]nm5t   
,sav+s ,banks is "o ( ! wise/ acts (    

late ye>s done by our ,gov]nm5t4 ,i1    
myself1 (t5 wi% ! ,gov]nm5t held all our
 banks in/ead ( private m52 t w\ld put  
an end to false speculations1 su* z we  
too (t5 9 ! prov9ces suff] s sev]ely by1
 s ,i hail ) pleasure & delight ! %ad[+ 
=? by y ( ^! noble plans = ! future3 ,i 
feel glad & uplift$ to ?9k ( ! good t   
su* tea*+ w d = u all4                  
,y\rs truly1                            
,,?omas ,,dixon4                        
#eg1 ,nile ,/reet1 ,sund]l&1 ,feb4 #bd1 
#ahfg4  ,,de> ,,sir1--  ,i n[ give y !  
ref]5ces to ,fr$]ick ! ,great4 ,vol4    
,,vi43 ,l& ,"q1 #cfe page1 :]e he       
increases ! numb] ( small f>m]s to      
#d1jjj 7#bjb1 #bjd74 ,engli% soldi]s &  
,t4 ,c4's rem>ks on our sy/em ( pur*ase1
 etc4 ,8 law1 7#fbj1 #fbc1 #fbd74 ,/ate 
( ,pol& & h[ he repair$ x1 7#dhg1 #dhh1 
#dhi1 #dij74 ,i especially value ! way  
he introduc$ all k9ds ( indu/ries !re91 
& s soon *ang$ ! *aos into ord]4 ,aga91 
! s*ool-ma/]s also are giv5 7n yet 9    
,engl&1 says ,t4 ,c474 ,aga9 ! use he   

made ( #ae1jjjl4 surplus 9 ,br&5burg2 h[
 x 0 appli$ to bett] 8 /aff ( ma/]s4 ,to
 me1 ! ,vol4 ,,vi4 is "o ( ! wise/      
pieces ( mod]n ?\ght 9 our language4 ,i 
only wi% ,i _h ei!r y\r p[]1 ,c4        
,k+sley1 ,maurice1 or "s su* able       
p5-g5]al%ip1 to illu/rate & %[ =? all ! 
wise tea*+ on law1 gov]nm5t1 & social   
life ,i see 9 x1 & %9+ l a /> ?r\gh all 
its pages4,a ,i feel also ! tru? ( all y
 h writt51 & w d all ,i c to make su* m5
 or wom5 t c>e = su* ?\ghts1 see x1 or  
read x4 ,i am copy+ ! lett]s z fa/ & z  
well z ,i c1 & w use my utmo/ endeavor  
to h !m done t ju/ice to !y m]it4       
,y\rs truly1                            
,,?omas ,,dixon4      ,a ,i h endeavor$ 
to arrange "s ( ! passages to     :i*   
,mr4 ,dixon "h ref]s1 9 a =m enabl+ !   
read] to     see _! be>+ on ea* o!r m   
di/9ctly1 z a sequel     to ! essay on  
,w> 9 ! ',cr[n ( ,wild ,olive4'         
,,app5dix ,,iii4  ,page #cc4--;,effect (
 ,mod]n ,ent]ta9m5ts on ! ,m9d ( ,y\?4  
,! lett] ( ! ,times' correspond5t ref]r$

 to conta9$ an acc\nt ( "o ( ! mo/ s+ul>
 cases ( depravity ev] br\ght be=e a    
crim9al c\rt2 b x is unnecess>y to br+  
any ( its details "u ! read]'s att5tion1
 = ne>ly e o!r numb] ( our j\rnals has (
 late conta9$ "s in/ances ( atrocities  
be=e un?\ght (1 &1 x might h seem$1     
impossible to humanity4 ,! connection ( 
^! ) ! mod]n love ( excitem5t 9 !       
s5sational novel & drama may n be       
g5]ally und]/ood1 b x is direct &       
con/ant2 all furi\s pursuit ( pleasure  
end+ 9 actual desire ( horror & delight 
9 dea?4 ,i ent]$ into "s full] p>ticul>s
 on ?is subject 9 a lecture giv5 9 !    
spr+ at ! ,royal ,in/itution4  ,any "p (
 ! ,lecture ref]r$ to likely to be (    
p]man5t int]e/ w be pr9t$1 some:]e1 9   
?is s]ies4     ,,app5dix ,,iv4  ,page   
#gf4--;,drunk5ness z ! ,cause ( ,crime4 
,! foll[+ portions ( ,mr4 ,dixon's lett]
 ref]r$ to1 w be f\nd int]e/+3--   ,,de>
 ,,sir1--  ,y\r la/ lett]1 ,i ?9k1 w    
ar\se ! att5tion ( ?9k]s m ?an any ( !  
s]ies1 x be+ on topics !y 9 g5]al feel m

 int]e/$ 9 ?an ! o!rs1 especially z 9 ^!
 y d n assail _! pockets s mu* z 9 ! =m]
 ones4 ,s9ce y seem int]e/$ ) ! notes or
 r\gh sket*es on g91 ,g 99 99 99 (      
,dubl9 0 ! man ,i allud$ to z mak+ 8    
money by dr9k1 & !n giv+ ! results ( su*
 traffic to repair ! ,ca!dral ( ,dubl94 
,x 0 ?\s&s ( p\nds4 ,i call su* *>ity   
robb+ ,pet] to pay ,paul6 ,imm5se =tunes
 are made 9 ! ,liquor ,traffic1 & ,i w  
tell y :y2 x is all paid = 9 ca%1 at    
lea/ su* z ! poor p buy2 !y get cr$it = 
clo!s1 but*]s' meat1 groc]ies1 etc41    
:ile !y give ! g9-palace keep] ca%2 !y  
nev] begrudge ! price ( a glass ( g9 or 
be]1 !y nev] haggle ov] its price1 nev] 
once ?9k ( do+ t2 b 9 ! pur*ase ( almo/ 
e o!r article !y haggle & begrudge its  
price4 ,to give y an idea ( its         
pr(its--!re are h\ses "h ^: av]age      
weekly tak+s 9 ca% at _! b>s is #ejl41  
#fjl41 #gjl41 #hjl41 #ijl41 to #aejl41  
p] week4 ,ne>ly all ! m5 ( intellig5ce 9
 x1 say x is ! curse ( ! work+ classes4 
,m5 ^: e>n+s are1 say #bjs4 to #cjs4 p] 

week1 sp5d on ! av]age #cs4 to #fs4 p]  
week 7"s ev5 #ajs474 ,x's my mode ( liv+
 to supply ^! h\ses ) corks t makes me  
see s mu* ( ! drunk5ness2 & t is ! cause
 :y ,i nev] really c>$ = my trade1 see+ 
! mis]y t 0 entail$ on my fell[ m5 &    
wom5 by ! use ( ?is /uff4 ,aga91 a h\se 
) a lic5se to sell spirits1 w9e1 & ale1 
to be consum$ on ! premises1 is wor? two
 to ?ree times m money ?an any o!r class
 ( prop]ty4 ,"o h\se "h wor? nom9ally   
#adjl4 sold ! o!r day = #ebjl42 ano!r "o
 wor? #bjjl4 sold = #hjjl4 ,i "k        
premises ) a lic5se t 7 sold = #a1cjjl41
 & !n sold aga9 two ye>s aft] =         
#a1hjjl42 ano!r place 0 r5t$ = #ejl41 n[
 r5ts at #ajjl4--?is la/ is a h\se us$  
by work+ m5 & labor]s *iefly6 ,no1 ,i   
honor m5 l ,sir ,w4 ,trevelyan1 t are   
teetotal]s1 or total ab/a9]s1 z an      
example to poor m51 &1 to prev5t 8 "w-p 
be+ tempt$1 w n all[ any public-h\se on 
8 e/ate4 ,if our l& _h a few su* m5 x   
w\ld help ! cause4 ,we possess "o su* a 
man "h1 a bank]4 ,i feel sorry to say ! 

progress ( temp]ance is n s great z ,i  
w\ld l to see x4 ,! only religi\s body t
 approa*es to y\r ideas ( political     
economy is ,quak]ism z taught by ,george
 ,fox4 ,c>lyle seems deeply t+$ ) _!    
tea*+s4 ,sil5ce to !m is z valuable to  
him4 ,aga91 :y %\ld p h[l & %riek ov] ! 
law t ! ,alliance is n[ try+ to c>ry out
 9 our l& call$ ! ,p]missive ,bill8 ,if 
we _h j laws we !n w\ld n be s mis]able 
or s mu* annoy$ n[ & !n ) cries ( ,re=m 
& cries ( ,di/ress4 ,i s5d y two        
pamphlets2--"o gives ! work+ man's      
reasons :y he don't g to *ur*2 9 x y w  
see a few op9ions express$ v mu* ak9 to 
^? y h writt5 to me4 ,! o!r gives an    
acc\nt h[ x is ! poor ,indians h di$ (  
,fam9e1 simply because !y h de/roy$ ! v 
sy/em ( ,political ,economy1 or "o hav+ 
"s approa* to x1 t y are n[ endeavor+ to
 direct ! att5tion ( ?9k]s to 9 our     
c\ntry4 ,! ,sesame & ,lilies ,i h read z
 y reque/$4 ,i feel n[ fully ! aim &    
object y h 9 view 9 ! ,lett]s1 b ,i _c  
help direct+ y\r att5tion to t portion  

:]e y m5tion or r exclaim aga9/ !       
,flor5t9es pull+ d[n _! ,anci5t ,walls  
to build a ,b\lev>d4 ,t passage is "o t 
w\ld gladd5 ! he>ts ( all true          
,italians1 especially m5 t love ,italy &
 ,dante6     ,,app5dix ,v4  ,page       
#gh4--;,abuse ( ,food4   ,p>agraphs cut 
f ',man*e/] ,exam9]' ( ,m>* #af1        
#ahfg3--   ,a ,,p>isian ,,"*4--,a       
celebrat$ "* has disappe>$ f ! ,palais  
,royal4 ,r5 ,l>tique 0 a ,swiss1 & a man
 ( ab\t sixty4 ,he actually sp5t ! la/  
fifte5 ye>s 9 ! ,palais ,royal--t is to 
say1 he sp5t ! ?ird ( 8 life at d9n]4 ,e
 morn+ at t5 o'clock he 0 to be se5 go+ 
into a re/aurant 7usually ,tissat's71 & 
9 a few mom5ts 0 in/all$ 9 a corn]1 :i* 
he only quitt$ ab\t ?ree o'clock 9 !    
aft]noon1 aft] hav+ drunk at lea/ six or
 sev5 bottles ( diff]5t k9ds ( w9e4 ,he 
!n walk$ up & d[n ! g>d5 till ! clock   
/ruck five1 :5 he made 8 appe>ance aga9 
at ! same re/aurant1 & always at ! same 
place4 ,8 second meal1 at :i* he drank q
 z mu* z at ! fir/1 inv>iably la/$ till 

half-pa/ n9e4 ,!re=e1 he devot$ n9e h\rs
 a day to eat+ & dr9k+4 ,8 dress 0 mo/  
wret*$--8 %oes brok51 8 tr\s]s torn1 8  
palett )\t any l9+ & pat*$1 8 wai/coat  
)\t buttons1 8 hat a ru/y r$ f old age1 
& ! :ole surm\nt$ by a dirty :ite be>d4 
,"o day he w5t up to ! comptoir1 & ask$ 
! presid+ div9ity !re to all[ him to run
 9 debt = "o day's d9n]4 ,he p]ceiv$ "s 
hesitation 9 comply+ ) ! reque/1 &      
imm$iately call$ "o ( ! wait]s1 & desir$
 him to foll[ him4 ,he w5t into ! (fice1
 unbutton$ a c]ta9 indisp5sable g>m5t1  
&1 tak+ (f a broad lea!r belt1 some:at  
/>tl$ ! wait] by display+ two hundr$    
gold pieces1 ea* wor? "o hundr$ francs4 
,tak+ up "o ( !m1 he toss$ x to ! wait]1
 & desir$ him to pay :atev] he ow$4 ,he 
nev] aga9 appe>$ at t re/aurant1 & di$ a
 few days ago ( indige/ion4   ,,rev5ge  
,,9 ,a ,,ball-,,room4--,a di/ress+ ev5t 
lately took place at ,ca/ellaz1 a little
 commune ( ! ,alpes-,m>itimes1 ne>      
,m5tone4 ,all ! "y p ( ! place be+      
assembl$ 9 a danc+-room1 "o ( ! "y m5 0 

se5 to fall sudd5ly to ! gr\nd1 :il/ a  
"y woman1 8 p>tn]1 br&i%$ a poni>d1 & 0 
prep>+ to inflict a second bl[ on him1  
hav+ already desp]ately w\nd$ him 9 !   
/oma*4 ,! au?or ( ! crime 0 at once     
arre/$4 ,%e decl>$ h] "n to be ,m>ie    
,p----1 tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age1 & add$ t %e
 _h act$ f a motive ( rev5ge1 ! "y man  
hav+ l$ h] a/ray =m]ly ) a promise (    
m>riage1 :i* he _h nev] fulfill$4 ,9 !  
morn+ ( t day %e _h summon$ him to keep 
8 ^w1 &1 ^u 8 refusal1 _h det]m9$ on    
mak+ ! danc+-room ! sc5e ( h] rev5ge4   
,%e 0 at fir/ lock$ up 9 ! prison (     
,m5tone1 & aft]w>ds s5t on to ,nice4 ,! 
"y man cont9ues 9 an al>m+ /ate4        
,,app5dix ,,vi4  ,page                  
#id4--,regulations ( ,trade4   ,i pr9t  
portions ( two lett]s ( ,mr4 ,dixon's 9 
?is place2 "o ref]r+ to our =m]         
discussion respect+ ! sale ( votes3--   
#eg1 ,nile ,/reet1 ,sund]l&1 ,m>* #ba1  
#ahfg4  ,i only wi% ,i c\ld write 9 "s  
tol]able good /yle1 s t ,i c\ld         
idealize1 or r realize to folks1 ! life 

& love1 & m>riage ( a work+ man & 8     
wife4 ,x is 9 my op9ion a work+ man t   
really does "k :at a true wife is1 = 8 e
 want1 8 e com=t 9 life dep5ds on h]2 & 
8 *ildr5's home1 _! daily lives & future
 lives1 are %ap$ by h]4 ,napoleon wisely
 said1 ',france ne$s good mo!rs m ?an   
brave m54 ,good mo!rs are ! mak]s or    
%ap]s ( good & brave m54' ,i _c say t ^!
 are ! words1 b x is ! import ( 8 spee* 
on ! topic4 ,we h a say+ among/ u3 ',!  
man may sp5d & money l5d1 if 8 wife be  
ought1'--i4 e4 good wife2--'b he may "w 
& try to save1 b w h n\ght1 if 8 wife be
 n\ght1'--i4 e4 bad or ?riftless wife4  
,n[1 s9ce y are int5d+ to treat ( !     
work+ man's p>liam5t & its duties1 ,i w 
j ?r[ out a few sugge/ions ( :at ,i     
consid] %\ld be ! que/ions or measures t
 dem& an e>ly inquiry into & debate on4 
,t guilds be e/abli%$ 9 e t[n1 :]e ma/]s
 & m5 may meet1 s z to avoid !          
temptations ( ! public-h\se & dr9k4 ,&  
!n1 let x be made law t e lad %\ld s]ve 
an appr5tice%ip ( n less ?an sev5 ye>s  

to a trade or art1 be=e he is all[$ to  
be a memb] ( su* guild2 also1 t all     
wages be bas$ on a rate ( s mu* p] h\r1 
& n day1 z at pres5t2 & let e man prove 
8 workman%ip be=e su* a guild1 & !n all[
 to him su* paym5t p] h\r z 8 craft     
m]its4 ,let !re be ?ree grades1 & !n let
 !re be trials ( skill 9 workman%ip e   
ye>2 & !n1 if ! workman ( ! ?ird grade  
prove t he has made progress 9 8 craft1 
rew>d him accord+ly4 ,!n1 be=e a lad is 
put to any trade1 :y n see :at he is    
naturally fitt$ =8 ,combe's book1       
entitl$ ,! ,con/itution ( ,man1 ?r[s a  
good deal ( tru? on to ^! matt]s4 ,n[1  
"h are two bran*es ( ! sci5ce ( life t1 
s f>1 h nev] once be5 giv5 trial ( 9 ?is
 way4 ,we c]ta9ly use !m aft] a crime   
has be5 committ$1 b n till !n4  ,next to
 t1 ca%1 paym5t = all & ev]y?+ ne$$ 9   
life4 ,cr$it is a curse to him t gives  
x1 & t takes x4 ,he t lives by cr$it    
lives 9 g5]al c>elessly4 ,if !re 0 no   
cr$it1 p !n w\ld h to live on :at !y    
e>n$6 ,!n1 aft] t1 ! ,/atute (          

,limitations ( ,=tune y propose4 ,by !  
h\r sy/em1 n a s+le man ne$ be idle2 x  
w\ld give employm5t to all1 & ev5 two   
h\rs p] day w\ld realize m to a man ?an 
break+ /ones4 ,?us y w\ld make e "o     
self-dep5d5t--also no fe> ( be+ out ( "w
 altoge!r4 ,!n let !re be a ,gov]nm5t   
fund = all ! sav+s ( ! work+ man4 ,i am 
afraid y w ?9k ?is a wild1 discursive   
sort ( a lett]4                         
,y\rs truly1                            
,,?omas ,,dixon4   ,i h read y\r        
ref]5ces to ! ,times on ',brib]y4'      
,well1 t has long be5 my own op9ion2 !y 
simply h a vote to sell1 & sell x ! same
 way z !y sell potatoes1 or a coat1 or  
any o!r salable article4 ,vot]s g5]ally 
say1 ',:at does ?is g5tleman want 9     
,p>liam5t8 ,:y1 to help himself & 8     
family or fri5ds2 he does n sp5d all !  
money he sp5ds ov] 8 election = pure    
good ( 8 c\ntry6 ,no3 x's to b5efit 8   
pocket1 to be sure4 ,:y %\ld ,i n make a
 p5ny ) my vote1 z well z he does ) 8 9 
,p>liam5t8' ,i ?9k t if ! sy/em (       

canvass+ or election ag5ts 7 done away  
)1 & all p]sonal canvass+ = votes       
entirely aboli%$1 x w\ld help to put d[n
 brib]y4 ,let ea* g5tleman s5d to !     
electors 8 political op9ions 9 a        
circul>1 & !n let pap]s be s5t1 or c>ds1
 to ea* elector1 & !n let !m g & record 
_! votes 9 ! same way !y d = a c\ncillor
 9 ! ,corporation4 ,x w\ld save a great 
deal ( exp5se1 & prev5t ^? sc5es (      
drunk5ness s common 9 our t[ns dur+     
elections4 ,bewick's op9ions ( ^! matt]s
 are q to ! purpose1 ,i ?9k 7see page   
#bja ( ,memoir74 ,aga91 respect+ ! ,p>is
 matt] ref]r$ to 9 y\r la/ lett]1 ,i h  
read x4 ,does x n manife/ pla9ly en\gh t
 ,europeans are also 9 a measure        
possess$ ) t same demoniacal _s l !     
,japanese8     ,,app5dix ,,vii4   ,!    
foll[+ lett] did n =m "p ( ! s]ies      
writt5 to ,mr4 ,dixon2 b is p]haps wor? 
repr9t+4 ,i h n ! date ( ! numb] ( !    
,gazette 9 :i* x appe>$1 b x 0 dur+ !   
tailors' /rike 9 ,london4     ,,to ,,!  
,,editor ,,( ,,! ,pall ,mall ,gazette4  

,sir1--  ,9 y\r ye/]day's article on    
/rikes y h v neatly & t]sely express$ ! 
primal fallacy ( mod]n political        
economy--to wit1 t '! value ( any piece 
( labor _c be def9$'--& t 'all t c be   
asc]ta9$ is simply :e!r any man c be got
 to d x = a c]ta9 sum4' ,n[1 sir1 !     
'value' ( any piece ( labor1 t is to    
say1 ! quantity ( food & air :i* w      
enable a man to p]=m x )\t los+ actually
 any ( 8 fle% or 8 n]v\s en]gy1 is z    
absolutely fix$ a quantity z ! weight ( 
p[d] necess>y to c>ry a giv5 ball a giv5
 di/ance4 ,& )9 limits v>y+ by exce$+ly 
m9or & unimportant circum/ances1 x is an
 asc]ta9able quantity4 ,i told ! public 
?is five ye>s ago--& "u p>don ( y\r     
politico-economical contributors--x is n
 a 's5tim5tal1' b a *emical fact4  ,let 
any half-doz5 ( recogniz$ ,london       
physicians /ate 9 precise t]ms !        
quantity & k9d ( food1 & space ( lodg+1 
!y consid] approximately necess>y = !   
heal?y life ( a labor] 9 any giv5       
manufacture1 & ! numb] ( h\rs he may1   

)\t %ort5+ 8 life1 "w at su* bus9ess    
daily1 if s su/a9$4  ,& let all ma/]s be
 b\nd to give _! m5 a *oice betwe5 an   
ord] = t quantity ( food & lodg+1 or su*
 wages z ! m>ket may (f] = t numb] (    
h\rs' "w4  ,prop] laws = ! ma9t5ance (  
families w\ld require fur!r             
concession--b1 9 ! outset1 let b ?is law
 ( wages be e/abli%$1 & if !n we h any m
 /rikes y may d5\nce !m )\t "o ^w (     
remon/rance ei!r f s5se or s5sibility4  
,i am1 ,sir1                            
,y\r ob$i5t s]vant1                     
,,john ,,rusk94