,manife/o ,( ! ,communi/ ,p>ty ,by ,,k>l ,,m>x & ,,fr$]ick ,,engels ,,au?oriz$ ,,engli% ,,translation ,edit$ & ,annotat$ by ,fr$]ick ,engels ,price #aj ,c5ts ,,new ,,york ,publi%$ by ! ,new ,york ,labor ,news ,co41 #bh ,city ,hall ,place #aijh ,,preface ,! ,manife/o 0 publi%$ z ! plat=m ( ! ,communi/ ,league1 a work+m5's association1 fir/ exclusively ,g]man1 lat] on int]national1 &1 "u ! political conditions ( ! ,cont95t be=e #ahdh1 unavoidably a secret society4 ,at a ,congress ( ! ,league1 held 9 ,london 9 ,novemb]1 #ahdg1 ,m>x & ,engels 7 commission$ to prep>e = publication a complete !oretical & practical p>ty programme4 ,drawn up 9 ,g]man1 9 ,janu>y1 #ahdh1 ! manuscript 0 s5t to ! pr9t] 9 ,london a few weeks be=e ! ,fr5* revolution ( ,febru>y #bd4 ,a ,fr5* translation 0 br\ght out 9 ,p>is1 %ortly be=e ! insurrection ( ,june1 #ahdh4 ,! fir/ ,engli% translation1 by ,miss ,hel5 ,macf>lane1 appe>$ 9 ,george ,julian ,h>ney's ,r$ ,republican1 ,london1 #ahej4 ,a ,dani% & a ,poli% edition _h also be5 publi%$4 ,! defeat ( ! ,p>isian insurrection ( ,june1 #ahdh--! fir/ great battle betwe5 ,prolet>iat & ,b\rgeoisie--drove aga9 into ! backgr\nd1 = a "t1 ! social & political aspirations ( ! ,european work+ class4 ,!nce=?1 ! /ruggle = supremacy 0 aga91 z x _h be5 be=e ! revolution ( ,febru>y1 solely betwe5 ! diff]5t sections ( ! prop]ti$ class2 ! work+ class 0 r$uc$ to a fight = political elb[-room1 & to ! position ( extreme w+ ( ! ,middle-class ,radicals4 ,:]ev] indep5d5t prolet>ian movem5ts cont9u$ to %[ signs ( life1 !y 7 ru?lessly hunt$ d[n4 ,?us ! ,prussian police hunt$ out ! ,c5tral ,bo>d ( ! ,communi/ ,league1 !n locat$ 9 ,cologne4 ,! memb]s 7 arre/$1 &1 aft] eighte5 mon?s' imprisonm5t1 !y 7 tri$ 9 ,octob]1 #aheb4 ,?is celebrat$ ,cologne ,communi/ trial la/$ f ,octob] #d till ,novemb] #ab2 sev5 ( ! prison]s 7 s5t5c$ to t]ms ( imprisonm5t 9 a =tress1 v>y+ f ?ree to six ye>s4 ,imm$iately aft] ! s5t5ce ! ,league 0 =mally dissolv$ by ! rema9+ memb]s4 ,z to ! ,manife/o1 x seem$ !nce=? to be doom$ to oblivion4 ,:5 ! ,european work+ class _h recov]$ suffici5t /r5g? = ano!r attack on ! rul+ classes1 ! ,int]national ,work+m5's ,association sprang up4 ,b ?is association1 =m$ ) ! express aim ( weld+ into "o body ! :ole militant prolet>iat ( ,europe & ,am]ica1 c\ld n at once proclaim ! pr9ciples laid d[n 9 ! ,manife/o4 ,! ,int]national 0 b\nd to h a programme broad en\gh to be acceptable to ! ,engli% ,trades' ,unions1 to ! foll[]s ( ,pr\dhon 9 ,france1 ,belgium1 ,italy & ,spa91 & to ! ,lassalleans7a7 9 ,g]many4 ,m>x1 :o drew up ?is programme to ! satisfaction ( all p>ties1 entirely tru/$ to ! intellectual developm5t ( ! work+ class1 :i* 0 sure to result f comb9$ action & mutual discussion4 ,! v ev5ts & vicissitudes ( ! /ruggle aga9/ ,capital1 ! defeats ev5 m ?an ! victories1 c\ld n help br++ home to m5's m9ds ! insuffici5cy ( _! v>i\s favorite no/rums1 & prep>+ ! way = a m complete insight into ! true conditions ( work+-class emancipation4 ,& ,m>x 0 "r4 ,! ,int]national1 on its break+ up 9 #ahgd1 left ! work]s q diff]5t m5 f :at x _h f\nd !m 9 #ahfd4 ,pr\dhonism 9 ,france1 ,lassalleanism 9 ,g]many1 7 dy+ out1 & ev5 ! cons]vative ,engli% ,trades' ,unions1 ?\gh mo/ ( !m _h long s9ce sev]$ _! connection ) ! ,int]national1 7 gradually advanc+ t[>ds t po9t at :i*1 la/ ye> at ,swansea1 _! ,presid5t c\ld say 9 _! "n1 ,cont95tal ,socialism has lo/ its t]rors = u4 ,9 fact1 ! pr9ciples ( ! ,manife/o _h made consid]able headway among ! work+m5 ( all c\ntries4 ,! ,manife/o itself ?us came to ! front aga94 ,! ,g]man text _h be51 s9ce #ahej1 repr9t$ sev]al times 9 ,switz]l&1 ,engl& & ,am]ica4 ,9 #ahgb x 0 translat$ into ,engli% 9 ,new ,york1 :]e ! translation 0 publi%$ 9 ,woodhull & ,clafl9's ,weekly4 ,f ?is ,engli% v]sion a ,fr5* "o 0 made 9 ,le ,sociali/e ( ,new ,york4 ,s9ce !n at lea/ two m ,engli% translations1 m or less mutilat$1 h be5 br\ght out 9 ,am]ica1 & "o ( !m has be5 repr9t$ 9 ,engl&4 ,! fir/ ,russian translation1 made by ,bak\n9e1 0 publi%$ at ,h]z5's ,kolokol (fice 9 ,g5eva1 ab\t #ahfc2 a second "o1 by ! h]oic ,v]a ,zasulit*1 also 9 ,g5eva1 #ahhb4 ,a new ,dani% edition is to be f\nd 9 ,socialdemokratisk ,biblio!k1 ,cop5hag51 #ahhe2 a fre% ,fr5* translation 9 ,le ,sociali/e1 ,p>is1 #ahhf4 ,f ?is latt] a ,spani% v]sion 0 prep>$ & publi%$ 9 ,madrid1 #ahhf4 ,! ,g]man repr9ts are n to be c\nt$2 !re h be5 twelve altoge!r at ! lea/4 ,an ,arm5ian translation1 :i* 0 to be publi%$ 9 ,con/ant9ople "s mon?s ago1 did n see ! light1 ,i am told1 because ! publi%] 0 afraid ( br++ out a book ) ! "n ( ,m>x on x1 :ile ! translator decl9$ to call x 8 own production4 ,( fur!r translations into o!r languages ,i h he>d1 b h n se5 !m4 ,?us ! hi/ory ( ! ,manife/o reflects1 to a great ext5t1 ! hi/ory ( ! mod]n work+ class movem5t2 at pres5t x is und\bt$ly ! mo/ widespread1 ! mo/ int]national production ( all ,sociali/ ,lit]ature1 ! common plat=m ackn[l$g$ by millions ( work+m5 f ,sib]ia to ,cali=nia4 ,yet1 :5 x 0 writt51 we c\ld n h call$ x a ,sociali/ ,manife/o4 ,by ,sociali/s1 9 #ahdg1 7 und]/ood1 on ! "o h&1 ! adh]5ts ( ! v>i\s ,utopian sy/ems3 ,ow5ites 9 ,engl&1 ,f\ri]i/s 9 ,france1 bo? ( !m already r$uc$ to ! position ( m]e sects1 & gradually dy+ out2 on ! o!r h&1 ! mo/ multif>i\s social quacks1 :o1 by all mann]s ( t9k]+1 pr(ess$ to r$ress1 )\t any dang] to capital & pr(it1 all sorts ( social grievances2 9 bo? cases m5 outside ! work+ class movem5t & look+ r to ! educat$ classes = support4 ,:atev] portion ( ! work+ classes _h become conv9c$ ( ! insuffici5cy ( m]e political revolutions1 & _h proclaim$ ! necessity ( a total social *ange1 t portion1 !n1 call$ itself ,communi/4 ,x 0 a crude1 r\gh-hewn1 purely in/9ctive sort ( ,communism2 /ill x t\*$ ! c>d9al po9t & 0 p[]ful en\gh among ! work+ class to produce ! ,utopian ,communism1 9 ,france ( ,cabet1 & 9 ,g]many ( ,weitl+4 ,?us1 ,socialism 01 9 #ahdg1 a middle class movem5t1 ,communism a work+ class movem5t4 ,socialism 01 on ! ,cont95t at lea/1 respectable2 ,communism 0 ! v opposite4 ,& z our notion1 f ! v beg9n+ 01 t ! emancipation ( ! work+ class mu/ be ! act ( ! work+ class itself1 !re c\ld be no d\bt z to :i* ( ! two names we mu/ take4 ,moreov]1 we h ev] s9ce be5 f> f repudiat+ x4 ,! ,manife/o be+ our jo9t production1 ,i consid] myself b\nd to /ate t ! fundam5tal proposition :i* =ms its nucleus belongs to ,m>x4 ,t proposition is3 t 9 e hi/orical epo*1 ! prevail+ mode ( economic production & ex*ange1 & ! social organization necess>ily foll[+ f x1 =m ! basis ^u :i* is built up1 & f :i* alone c be expla9$1 ! political & intellectual hi/ory ( t epo*2 t consequ5tly ! :ole hi/ory ( mank9d 7s9ce ! dissolution ( primitive tribal society1 hold+ l& 9 common own]%ip7 has be5 a hi/ory ( class /ruggles1 conte/s betwe5 exploit+ & exploit$1 rul+ & oppress$ classes2 t ! hi/ory ( ^! class /ruggles =ms a s]ies ( evolution 9 :i*1 n[adays1 a /age has be5 rea*$ :]e ! exploit$ & ! oppress$ class--! prolet>iat--_c atta9 its emancipation f ! sway ( ! exploit+ & rul+ class--! b\rgeoisie--)\t1 at ! same "t1 & once = all1 emancipat+ society at l>ge f all exploitation1 oppression1 class di/9ctions & class /ruggles4 ,?is proposition1 :i*1 9 my op9ion1 is de/9$ to d = hi/ory :at ,d>w9's !ory has done = biology1 we1 bo? ( u1 _h be5 gradually approa*+ = "s ye>s be=e #ahde4 ,h[ f> ,i _h indep5d5tly progress$ t[>d x1 is be/ %[n by my ,condition ( ! ,work+ ,class 9 ,engl&47b7 ,b :5 ,i aga9 met ,m>x at ,brussels 9 ! spr+ ( #ahde1 he _h x ready work$ out1 & put x be=e me1 9 t]ms almo/ z cle> z ^? 9 :i* ,i h /at$ x "h4 ,f our jo9t preface to ! ,g]man edition ( #ahgb1 ,i quote ! foll[+3 ,h[ev] mu* ! /ate ( ?+s may h alt]$ dur+ ! la/ tw5ty-five ye>s1 ! g5]al pr9ciples laid d[n 9 ?is ,manife/o are1 on ! :ole1 z correct to-day z ev]4 ,"h & !re "s detail might be improv$4 ,! practical application ( ! pr9ciples w dep5d1 z ! ,manife/o itself /ates1 ev]y:]e & at all times1 on ! hi/orical conditions = ! "t be+ exi/+1 & = t reason no special /ress is laid on ! revolution>y measures propos$ at ! end ( ,section ,,ii4 ,t passage w\ld1 9 _m respects1 be v diff]5tly word$ to-day4 ,9 view ( ! gigantic /rides ( mod]n indu/ry s9ce #ahdh1 & ( ! accompany+ improv$ & ext5d$ organization ( ! work+ class2 9 view ( ! practical exp]i5ce ga9$1 fir/ 9 ! ,febru>y revolution1 & !n1 /ill m1 9 ! ,p>is ,commune1 :]e ! prolet>iat = ! fir/ "t held political p[] = two :ole mon?s1 ?is programme has 9 "s details become antiquat$4 ,"o ?+ especially 0 prov$ by ! ,commune1 viz41 t '! work+ class _c simply lay hold ( ! ready-made ,/ate ma*9]y1 & wield x = its own purposes4' 7,see ',! ,civil ,w> 9 ,france2 ,address ( ! ,g5]al ,c\ncil ( ! ,int]national ,work+m5's ,association1' ,london1 ,truelove1 #ahga1 p4 #ae1 :]e ?is po9t is fur!r develop$47 ,fur!r1 x is self-evid5t t ! criticism ( ,sociali/ lit]ature is defici5t 9 relation to ! pres5t "t1 because x comes d[n only to #ahdg2 also1 t ! rem>ks on ! relation ( ! ,communi/s to ! v>i\s opposition p>ties 7,section ,,iv471 al?\gh 9 pr9ciple /ill correct1 yet 9 practice are antiquat$1 because ! political situation has be5 entirely *ang$1 & ! progress ( hi/ory has swept f (f ! e>? ! great] portion ( ! political p>ties !re enum]at$4 ,b1 !n1 ! ,manife/o has become a hi/orical docum5t :i* we h no long] any "r to alt]4 ,! pres5t translation is by ,mr4 ,samuel ,moore1 ! translator ( ! great] portion ( ,m>x's ,capital4 ,we h revis$ x & ,i h add$ a few notes explanatory ( hi/orical allusions4 ,,fr$]ick ,,engels4 ,london1 ,janu>y #cj1 #ahhh4 7a7 ,lassalle p]sonally1 to u1 always ackn[l$g$ himself to be a disciple ( ,m>x1 &1 z su*1 /ood on ! gr\nd ( ! ,manife/o4 ,b 9 8 public agitation1 #ahfb-fd1 he did n g beyond dem&+ co-op]ative work%ops support$ by ,/ate cr$it4 7b7 ,! condition ( ! ,work+ ,class 9 ,engl& 9 #ahdd4 ,by ,fr$]ick ,engels4 ,translat$ by ,flor5ce ,k4 ,wis*newetzky4 ,to be _h f ! ,n4 ,y4 ,labor ,news ,co41 #bh ,city ,hall ,place1 ,new ,york4 ,,manife/o ,,( ,,! ,,communi/ ,,p>ty4 ,,by ,,k>l ,,m>x ,,& ,,fr$]ick ,,engels4 ,a spect] is haunt+ ,europe--! spect] ( ,communism4 ,all ! p[]s ( old ,europe h ent]$ into a holy alliance to exorcise ?is spect]2 ,pope & ,cz>1 ,mett]ni* & ,guizot1 ,fr5* radicals & ,g]man police spies4 ,:]e is ! p>ty 9 opposition t has n be5 decri$ z ,communi/ic by its oppon5ts 9 p[]8 ,:]e ! opposition t has n hurl$ back ! br&+ reproa* ( ,communism1 aga9/ ! m advanc$ opposition p>ties1 z well z aga9/ its reaction>y adv]s>ies8 ,two ?+s result f ?is fact4 ,i4 ,communism is already ackn[l$g$ by all ,european p[]s to be 9 itself a p[]4 ,,ii4 ,x is high "t t ,communi/s %\ld op5ly1 9 ! face ( ! :ole _w1 publi% _! views1 _! aims1 _! t5d5cies1 & meet ?is nurs]y tale ( ! ,spect] ( ,communism ) a ,manife/o ( ! p>ty itself4 ,to ?is end ! ,communi/s ( v>i\s nationalities h assembl$ 9 ,london1 & sket*$ ! foll[+ manife/o to be publi%$ 9 ! ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,italian1 ,flemi% & ,dani% languages4 ,i4 ,,b\rgeois ,,& ,,prolet>ians47a7 ,! hi/ory ( all hi!rto exi/+ society7b7 is ! hi/ory ( class /ruggles4 ,freeman & slave1 patrician & plebeian1 "l & s]f1 guildma/]7c7 & j\rneyman1 9 a ^w1 oppressor & oppress$1 /ood 9 con/ant opposition to "o ano!r1 c>ri$ on an un9t]rupt$1 n[ hidd51 n[ op5 fight1 t ea* "t end$1 ei!r 9 ! revolution>y recon/itution ( society at l>ge1 or 9 ! common ru9 ( ! cont5d+ classes4 ,9 ! e>li] epo*s ( hi/ory we f9d almo/ ev]y:]e a complicat$ arrangem5t ( society into v>i\s ord]s1 a manifold gradation ( social rank4 ,9 anci5t ,rome we h patricians1 knights1 plebeians1 slaves2 9 ! middle ages1 feudal lords1 vassals1 guild ma/]s1 j\rneym51 appr5tices1 s]fs2 9 almo/ all ( ^! classes1 aga91 subord9ate gradations4 ,! mod]n b\rgeois society t has spr\t$ f ! ru9s ( feudal society1 has n done away ) class antagonisms4 ,x has b e/abli%$ new classes1 new conditions ( oppression1 new =ms ( /ruggle 9 place ( ! old ones4 ,our epo*1 ! epo* ( ! b\rgeois1 possesses1 h[ev]1 ?is di/9ctive feature3 x has simplifi$ ! class antagonisms4 ,society z a :ole is m & m splitt+ up into two great ho/ile camps1 into two great classes directly fac+ ea* o!r3 ,b\rgeoisie & ,prolet>iat4 ,f ! s]fs ( ! middle ages sprang ! *>t]$ burgh]s ( ! e>lie/ t[ns4 ,f ^! burgesses ! fir/ elem5ts ( ! b\rgeoisie 7 develop$4 ,! discov]y ( ,am]ica1 ! r\nd+ ( ! ,cape1 op5$ up fre% gr\nd = ! ris+ b\rgeoisie4 ,! ,ea/ ,indian & ,*9ese m>kets1 ! colonization ( ,am]ica1 trade ) ! colonies1 ! increase 9 ! means ( ex*ange & 9 commodities g5]ally1 gave to comm]ce1 to navigation1 to indu/ry1 an impulse nev] be=e kn[n1 & !reby1 to ! revolution>y elem5t 9 ! tott]+ feudal society1 a rapid developm5t4 ,! feudal sy/em ( indu/ry1 "u :i* indu/rial production 0 monopoliz$ by close guilds1 n[ no long] suffic$ = ! gr[+ wants ( ! new m>kets4 ,! manufactur+ sy/em took its place4 ,! guild ma/]s 7 pu%$ on "o side by ! manufactur+ middle class2 division ( labor betwe5 ! diff]5t corporate guilds vani%$ 9 ! face ( division ( labor 9 ea* s+le work%op4 ,meantime ! m>kets kept ev] gr[+1 ! dem& ev] ris+4 ,ev5 manufacture no long] suffic$4 ,!reupon /eam & ma*9]y revolutioniz$ indu/rial production4 ,! place ( manufacture 0 tak5 by ! giant1 ,mod]n ,indu/ry1 ! place ( ! indu/rial middle class1 by indu/rial millionaires1 ! lead]s ( :ole indu/rial armies1 ! mod]n b\rgeois4 ,mod]n indu/ry has e/abli%$ ! _w's m>ket1 = :i* ! discov]y ( ,am]ica pav$ ! way4 ,! m>ket has giv5 an imm5se developm5t to comm]ce1 to navigation1 to communication by l&4 ,?is developm5t has1 9 its turn1 react$ on ! ext5sion ( indu/ry2 & 9 proportion z indu/ry1 comm]ce1 navigation & railways ext5d$1 9 ! same proportion ! b\rgeoisie develop$1 increas$ its capital1 & pu%$ into ! backgr\nd e class h&$ d[n f ! middle ages4 ,we see1 !re=e1 h[ ! mod]n b\rgeoisie is itself ! product ( a long c\rse ( developm5t1 ( a s]ies ( revolutions 9 ! modes ( production & ( ex*ange4 ,ea* /ep 9 ! developm5t ( ! b\rgeoisie 0 accompani$ by a correspond+ political advance ( t class4 ,an oppress$ class "u ! sway ( ! feudal nobility1 an arm$ & self-gov]n+ association 9 ! m$ieval commune7d71 "h indep5d5t urban republic 7z 9 ,italy & ,g]many71 !re taxable ?ird e/ate ( ! mon>*y 7z 9 ,france71 aft]w>ds1 9 ! p]iod ( manufacture prop]1 s]v+ ei!r ! semi-feudal or ! absolute mon>*y z a c\nt]poise aga9/ ! nobility1 &1 9 fact1 corn]-/one ( ! great mon>*ies 9 g5]al1 ! b\rgeoisie has at la/1 s9ce ! e/abli%m5t ( ,mod]n ,indu/ry & ( ! _w's m>ket1 conqu]$ = itself1 9 ! mod]n repres5tative ,/ate1 exclusive political sway4 ,! executive ( ! mod]n ,/ate is b a committee = manag+ ! common affairs ( ! :ole b\rgeoisie4 ,! b\rgeoisie1 hi/orically1 has play$ a mo/ revolution>y "p4 ,! b\rgeoisie1 :]ev] x has got ! upp] h&1 has put an end to all feudal1 patri>*al1 idyllic relations4 ,x has pitilessly torn asund] ! motley feudal ties t b\nd man to 8 natural sup]iors1 & has left rema9+ no o!r nexus betwe5 man & man ?an nak$ self-int]e/1 call\s ca% paym5t4 ,x has dr[n$ ! mo/ heav5ly ec/acies ( religi\s f]vor1 ( *ivalr\s en?usiasm1 ( phili/9e s5tim5talism1 9 ! icy wat] ( egoti/ical calculation4 ,x has resolv$ p]sonal wor? into ex*ange value1 & 9 place ( ! numb]less indefeasible *>t]$ fre$oms1 has set up t s+le1 unconscionable fre$om--,free ,trade4 ,9 "o ^w1 = exploitation1 veil$ by religi\s & political illusions1 x has sub/itut$ nak$1 %ameless1 direct1 brutal exploitation4 ,! b\rgeoisie has /ripp$ ( its halo e occupation hi!rto honor$ & look$ up to ) rev]5t awe4 ,x has conv]t$ ! physician1 ! lawy]1 ! prie/1 ! poet1 ! man ( sci5ce1 into its paid wage labor]s4 ,! b\rgeoisie has torn away f ! family its s5tim5tal veil1 & has r$uc$ ! family relation to a m]e money relation4 ,! b\rgeoisie has disclos$ h[ x came to pass t ! brutal display ( vigor 9 ! middle ages1 :i* ,reactioni/s s mu* admire1 f\nd its fitt+ complem5t 9 ! mo/ slo?ful indol5ce4 ,x has be5 ! fir/ to %[ :at man's activity c br+ ab\t4 ,x has accompli%$ wond]s f> surpass+ ,egyptian pyramids1 ,roman aqu$ucts1 & ,go?ic ca!drals2 x has conduct$ exp$itions t put 9 ! %ade all =m] ,exoduses ( nations & crusades4 ,! b\rgeoisie _c exi/ )\t con/antly revolutioniz+ ! in/rum5ts ( production1 & !reby ! relations ( production1 & ) !m ! :ole relations ( society4 ,cons]vation ( ! old modes ( production 9 unalt]$ =ms1 01 on ! contr>y1 ! fir/ condition ( exi/5ce = all e>li] indu/rial classes4 ,con/ant revolutioniz+ ( production1 un9t]rupt$ di/urbance ( all social conditions1 ev]la/+ unc]ta9ty & agitation1 di/+ui% ! b\rgeois epo* f all e>li] ones4 ,all fix$1 fa/-froz5 relations1 ) _! tra9 ( anci5t & v5]able prejudices & op9ions1 are swept away2 all new-=m$ ones become antiquat$ be=e !y c ossify4 ,all t is solid melts into air1 all t is holy is pr(an$1 & man is at la/ compell$ to face ) sob] s5ses 8 real conditions ( life & 8 relations ) 8 k9d4 ,! ne$ ( a con/antly exp&+ m>ket = its products *ases ! b\rgeoisie ov] ! :ole surface ( ! globe4 ,x mu/ ne/le ev]y:]e1 settle ev]y:]e1 e/abli% connections ev]y:]e4 ,! b\rgeoisie has ?r\gh its exploitation ( ! _w's m>ket giv5 a cosmopolitan "* to production & consumption 9 e c\ntry4 ,to ! great *agr9 ( ,reactioni/s1 x has drawn f "u ! feet ( indu/ry ! national gr\nd on :i* x /ood4 ,all old-e/abli%$ national indu/ries h be5 de/roy$ or are daily be+ de/roy$4 ,!y are dislodg$ by new indu/ries1 ^: introduction becomes a life & dea? "q = all civiliz$ nations1 by indu/ries t no long] "w up indig5\s raw mat]ial1 b raw mat]ial drawn f ! remote/ zones1 indu/ries ^: products are consum$1 n only at home1 b 9 e qu>t] ( ! globe4 ,9 place ( ! old wants1 satisfi$ by ! productions ( ! c\ntry1 we f9d new wants1 requir+ = _! satisfaction ! products ( di/ant l&s & climes4 ,9 place ( ! old local & national seclusion & self-suffici5cy1 we h int]c\rse 9 e direction1 univ]sal int]-dep5d5ce ( nations4 ,& z 9 mat]ial1 s also 9 intellectual production4 ,! intellectual creations ( individual nations become common prop]ty4 ,national "o-sid$ness & n>r[-m9d$ness become m & m impossible1 & f ! num]\s national & local lit]atures1 !re arises a _w lit]ature4 ,! b\rgeoisie1 by ! rapid improvem5t ( all in/rum5ts ( production1 by ! imm5sely facilitat$ means ( communication1 draws all1 ev5 ! mo/ b>b>ian1 nations into civilization4 ,! *eap prices ( its commodities are ! heavy artill]y ) :i* x batt]s d[n all ,*9ese walls1 ) :i* x =ces ! b>b>ians' int5sely ob/9ate hatr$ ( =eign]s to capitulate4 ,x compels all nations1 on pa9 ( ext9ction1 to adopt ! b\rgeois mode ( production2 x compels !m to introduce :at x calls civilization into _! mid/1 i4e41 to become b\rgeois !mselves4 ,9 "o ^w1 x creates a _w aft] its own image4 ,! b\rgeoisie has subject$ ! c\ntry to ! rule ( ! t[ns4 ,x has creat$ enorm\s cities1 has greatly increas$ ! urban population z comp>$ ) ! rural1 & has ?us rescu$ a consid]able "p ( ! population f ! idiocy ( rural life4 ,j z x has made ! c\ntry dep5d5t on ! t[ns1 s x has made b>b>ian & semi-b>b>ian c\ntries dep5d5t on ! civiliz$ ones1 nations ( peasants on nations ( b\rgeois1 ! ,ea/ on ! ,we/4 ,! b\rgeoisie keeps m & m do+ away ) ! scatt]$ /ate ( ! population1 ( ! means ( production1 & ( prop]ty4 ,x has agglom]at$ population1 c5traliz$ means ( production1 & has conc5trat$ prop]ty 9 a few h&s4 ,! necess>y consequ5ce ( ?is 0 political c5tralization4 ,indep5d5t1 or b loosely connect$ prov9ces1 ) sep>ate int]e/s1 laws1 gov]nm5ts & sy/ems ( taxation1 became lump$ toge!r into "o nation1 ) "o gov]nm5t1 "o code ( laws1 "o national class int]e/1 "o fronti]1 & "o cu/oms t>iff4 ,! b\rgeoisie1 dur+ its rule ( sc>ce "o hundr$ ye>s1 has creat$ m massive & m colossal productive =ces ?an h all prec$+ g5]ations toge!r4 ,subjection ( ,nature's =ces to man1 ma*9]y1 application ( *emi/ry to indu/ry & agriculture1 /eam navigation1 railways1 electric telegraphs1 cle>+ ( :ole cont95ts = cultivation1 canalization ( riv]s1 :ole populations conjur$ out ( ! gr\nd--:at e>li] c5tury _h ev5 a pres5tim5t t su* productive =ces slumb]$ 9 ! lap ( social labor8 ,we see !n3 ! means ( production & ( ex*ange on ^: f\ndation ! b\rgeoisie built itself up1 7 g5]at$ 9 feudal society4 ,at a c]ta9 /age 9 ! developm5t ( ^! means ( production & ( ex*ange1 ! conditions "u :i* feudal society produc$ & ex*ang$1 ! feudal organization ( agriculture & manufactur+ indu/ry1 9 "o ^w1 ! feudal relations ( prop]ty1 became no long] compatible ) ! already develop$ productive =ces2 !y became s _m fett]s4 ,!y _h to be bur/ asund]4 ,into _! place /epp$ free competition1 accompani$ by a social & political con/itution adapt$ to x1 & by ! economical & political sway ( ! b\rgeois class4 ,a simil> movem5t is go+ on be=e our own eyes4 ,mod]n b\rgeois society ) its relations ( production1 ( ex*ange1 & ( prop]ty1 a society t has conjur$ up su* gigantic means ( production & ( ex*ange1 is l ! sorc]]1 :o is no long] able to control ! p[]s ( ! ne!r _w :om he has call$ up by 8 spells4 ,= _m a decade pa/ ! hi/ory ( indu/ry & comm]ce is b ! hi/ory ( ! revolt ( mod]n productive =ces aga9/ mod]n conditions ( production1 aga9/ ! prop]ty relations t are ! conditions = ! exi/5ce ( ! b\rgeoisie & ( its rule4 ,x is en\gh to m5tion ! comm]cial crises t by _! p]iodical return put on its trial1 ea* "t m ?reat5+ly1 ! exi/5ce ( ! b\rgeois society4 ,9 ^! crises a great "p n only ( ! exi/+ products1 b also ( ! previ\sly creat$ productive =ces1 is p]iodically de/roy$4 ,9 ^! crises !re breaks out an epidemic t1 9 all e>li] epo*s1 w\ld h seem$ an absurdity--! epidemic ( ov]production4 ,society sudd5ly f9ds itself put back into a /ate ( mom5t>y b>b>ism2 x appe>s z if a fam9e1 a univ]sal w> ( deva/ation _h cut (f ! supply ( e means ( subsi/5ce2 indu/ry & comm]ce seem to be de/roy$2 & :y8 because !re is too mu* civilization1 too mu* means ( subsi/5ce1 too mu* indu/ry1 too mu* comm]ce4 ,! productive =ces at ! disposal ( society no long] t5d to fur!r ! developm5t ( ! conditions ( b\rgeois prop]ty2 on ! contr>y1 !y h become too p[]ful = ^! conditions1 by :i* !y are fett]$1 & s soon z !y ov]come ^! fett]s1 !y br+ disord] into ! :ole ( b\rgeois society1 endang] ! exi/5ce ( b\rgeois prop]ty4 ,! conditions ( b\rgeois society are too n>r[ to comprise ! weal? creat$ by !m4 ,& h[ does ! b\rgeoisie get ov] ^! crises8 ,on ! "o h& by en=c$ de/ruction ( a mass ( productive =ces2 on ! o!r1 by ! conque/ ( new m>kets1 & by ! m ?or\gh exploitation ( ! old ones4 ,t is to say1 by pav+ ! way = m ext5sive & m de/ructive crises1 & by dim9i%+ ! means :]eby crises are prev5t$4 ,! weapons ) :i* ! b\rgeoisie fell$ feudalism to ! gr\nd are n[ turn$ aga9/ ! b\rgeoisie itself4 ,b n only has ! b\rgeoisie =g$ ! weapons t br+ dea? to itself2 x has also call$ into exi/5ce ! m5 :o are to wield ^? weapons--! mod]n work+ class--! prolet>ians4 ,9 proportion z ! b\rgeoisie1 i4e41 capital1 is develop$1 9 ! same proportion is ! prolet>iat1 ! mod]n work+ class1 develop$2 a class ( labor]s1 :o live only s long z !y f9d "w1 & :o f9d "w only s long z _! labor increases capital4 ,^! labor]s1 :o mu/ sell !mselves piecemeal1 are a commodity1 l e o!r article ( comm]ce1 & are consequ5tly expos$ to all ! vicissitudes ( competition1 to all ! fluctuations ( ! m>ket4 ,ow+ to ! ext5sive use ( ma*9]y & to division ( labor1 ! "w ( ! prolet>ians has lo/ all individual "*1 &1 consequ5tly1 all *>m = ! workman4 ,he becomes an app5dage ( ! ma*9e1 & x is only ! mo/ simple1 mo/ monoton\s1 & mo/ easily acquir$ knack1 t is requir$ ( him4 ,h5ce1 ! co/ ( production ( a workman is re/rict$ almo/ entirely to ! means ( subsi/5ce t he requires = 8 ma9t5ance1 & = ! propagation ( 8 race4 ,b ! price ( a commodity1 & !re=e also ( labor1 is equal1 9 ! long run1 to its co/ ( production4 ,9 proportion1 !re=e1 z ! repulsiv5ess ( ! "w increases1 ! wage decreases4 ,nay1 m1 9 proportion z ! use ( ma*9]y & division ( labor increase1 9 ! same proportion ! burd5 ( toil also increases1 :e!r by prolongation ( ! work+ h\rs1 by increase ( ! "w exact$ 9 a giv5 "t1 or by increas$ spe$ ( ! ma*9]y1 etc4 ,mod]n indu/ry has conv]t$ ! little work%op ( ! patri>*al ma/] into ! great factory ( ! indu/rial capitali/4 ,masses ( labor]s1 cr[d$ into ! factory1 are organiz$ l soldi]s4 ,z privates ( ! indu/rial army !y are plac$ "u ! comm& ( a p]fect hi]>*y ( (fic]s & s]geants4 ,n only are !y slaves ( ! b\rgeois class1 & ( ! b\rgeois ,/ate1 !y are daily & h\rly enslav$ by ! ma*9e1 by ! ov]-se]1 &1 above all1 by ! individual b\rgeois manufactur] himself4 ,! m op5ly ?is despotism proclaims ga9 to be its end & aim1 ! m petty1 ! m hateful & ! m embitt]+ x is4 ,! less skill & ex]tion ( /r5g? is impli$ 9 manual labor1 9 o!r words1 ! m mod]n indu/ry becomes develop$1 ! m is ! labor ( m5 sup]s$$ by t ( wom54 ,diff]5ces ( age & sex h no long] any di/9ctive social validity = ! work+ class4 ,all are in/rum5ts ( labor1 m or less exp5sive to use1 accord+ to age & sex4 ,no soon] is ! exploitation ( ! labor] by ! manufactur] s f> at an end t he receives 8 wages 9 ca%1 ?an he is set ^u by ! o!r portions ( ! b\rgeoisie1 ! l&lord1 ! %opkeep]1 ! pawnbrok]1 etc4 ,! l[] /rata ( ! middle class--! small trades-p1 %opkeep]s1 & retir$ tradesm5 g5]ally1 ! h&icraftsm5 & peasants--all ^! s9k gradually into ! prolet>iat1 p>tly because _! dim9utive capital does n suffice = ! scale on :i* mod]n indu/ry is c>ri$ on1 & is swamp$ 9 ! competition ) ! l>ge capitali/s1 p>tly because _! specializ$ skill is r5d]$ wor?less by new me?ods ( production4 ,?us ! prolet>iat is recruit$ f all classes ( ! population4 ,! prolet>iat goes ?r\gh v>i\s /ages ( developm5t4 ,) its bir? beg9s its /ruggle ) ! b\rgeoisie4 ,at fir/ ! conte/ is c>ri$ on by individual labor]s1 !n by ! workpeople ( a factory1 !n by ! op]atives ( "o trade1 9 "o locality1 aga9/ ! individual b\rgeois :o directly exploits !m4 ,!y direct _! attacks n aga9/ ! b\rgeois conditions ( production1 b aga9/ ! in/rum5ts ( production !mselves2 !y de/roy import$ w>es t compete ) _! labor1 !y sma% to pieces ma*9]y1 !y set factories ablaze1 !y seek to re/ore by =ce ! vani%$ /atus ( ! workman ( ! middle ages4 ,at ?is /age ! labor]s /ill =m an incoh]5t mass scatt]$ ov] ! :ole c\ntry1 & brok5 up by _! mutual competition4 ,if any:]e !y unite to =m m compact bodies1 ?is is n yet ! consequ5ce ( _! own active union1 b ( ! union ( ! b\rgeoisie1 :i* class1 9 ord] to atta9 its own political ends1 is compell$ to set ! :ole prolet>iat 9 motion1 & is moreov] yet1 = a "t1 able to d s4 ,at ?is /age1 !re=e1 ! prolet>ians d n fight _! enemies1 b ! enemies ( _! enemies1 ! remnants ( absolute mon>*y1 & l& own]s1 ! non-indu/rial b\rgeois1 ! petty b\rgeoisie4 ,?us ! :ole hi/orical movem5t is conc5trat$ 9 ! h&s ( ! b\rgeoisie2 e victory s obta9$ is a victory = ! b\rgeoisie4 ,b ) ! developm5t ( indu/ry ! prolet>iat n only increases 9 numb]2 x becomes conc5trat$ 9 great] masses1 its /r5g? gr[s & x feels t /r5g? m4 ,! v>i\s int]e/s & conditions ( life )9 ! ranks ( ! prolet>iat are m & m equaliz$1 9 proportion z ma*9]y oblit]ates all di/9ctions ( labor1 & ne>ly ev]y:]e r$uces wages to ! same l[ level4 ,! gr[+ competition among ! b\rgeois1 & ! result+ comm]cial crises1 make ! wages ( ! work]s ev] m fluctuat+4 ,! unceas+ improvem5t ( ma*9]y1 ev] m rapidly develop+1 makes _! livelihood m & m prec>i\s2 ! collisions betwe5 individual workman & individual b\rgeois take m & m ! "* ( collisions betwe5 two classes4 ,!reupon ! work]s beg9 to =m comb9ations 7,trades' ,unions7 aga9/ ! b\rgeois2 !y club toge!r 9 ord] to keep up ! rate ( wages2 !y f\nd p]man5t associations 9 ord] to make provision be=eh& = ^! occasional revolts4 ,"h & !re ! conte/ breaks out into riots4 ,n[ & !n ! work]s are victori\s1 b only = a "t4 ,! real fruit ( _! battles lies n 9 ! imm$iate result b 9 ! ev] improv$ means ( communication t are creat$ 9 mod]n indu/ry & t place ! work]s ( diff]5t localities 9 contact ) "o ano!r4 ,x 0 j ?is contact t 0 ne$$ to c5tralize ! num]\s local /ruggles1 all ( ! same "*1 into "o national /ruggle betwe5 classes4 ,b e class /ruggle is a political /ruggle4 ,& t union1 to atta9 :i* ! burgh]s ( ! middle ages1 ) _! mis]able highways1 requir$ c5turies1 ! mod]n prolet>ians1 ?anks to railways1 a*ieve 9 a few ye>s4 ,?is organization ( ! prolet>ians into a class & consequ5tly into a political p>ty1 is cont9ually be+ upset aga9 by ! competition betwe5 ! work]s !mselves4 ,b x ev] rises up aga92 /rong]1 firm]1 mighti]4 ,x compels legislative recognition ( p>ticul> int]e/s ( ! work]s1 by tak+ advantage ( ! divisions among ! b\rgeoisie itself4 ,?us ! t5-h\rs' bill 9 ,engl& 0 c>ri$4 ,altoge!r collisions betwe5 ! classes ( ! old society fur!r1 9 _m ways1 ! c\rse ( ! developm5t ( ! prolet>iat4 ,! b\rgeoisie f9ds itself involv$ 9 a con/ant battle4 ,at fir/ ) ! ari/ocracy2 lat] on1 ) ^? portions ( ! b\rgeoisie itself ^: int]e/s h become antagoni/ic to ! progress ( indu/ry2 at all times ) ! b\rgeoisie ( =eign c\ntries4 ,9 all ^! c\ntries x sees itself compell$ to appeal to ! prolet>iat1 to ask = its help1 & ?us to drag x into ! political ar5a4 ,! b\rgeoisie itself1 !re=e1 supplies ! prolet>iat ) weapons = fight+ ! b\rgeoisie4 ,fur!r1 z we h already se51 entire sections ( ! rul+ classes are1 by ! advance ( indu/ry1 precipitat$ into ! prolet>iat1 or are at lea/ ?reat5$ 9 _! conditions ( exi/5ce4 ,^! also supply ! prolet>iat ) fre% elem5ts ( enlight5m5t & progress4 ,f9ally1 9 times :5 ! class /ruggle ne>s ! decisive h\r1 ! process ( dissolution go+ on )9 ! rul+ class1 9 fact )9 ! :ole range ( old society1 assumes su* a viol5t1 gl>+ "*1 t a small section ( ! rul+ class cuts itself adrift1 & jo9s ! revolution>y class1 ! class t holds ! future 9 its h&s4 ,j z1 !re=e1 at an e>li] p]iod1 a section ( ! nobility w5t ov] to ! b\rgeoisie1 s n[ a portion ( ! b\rgeoisie goes ov] to ! prolet>iat1 & 9 p>ticul>1 a portion ( ! b\rgeois ideologi/s1 :o h rais$ !mselves to ! level ( compreh5d+ !oretically ! hi/orical movem5t z a :ole4 ,( all ! classes t /& face to face ) ! b\rgeoisie to-day1 ! prolet>iat alone is a really revolution>y class4 ,! o!r classes decay & f9ally disappe> 9 ! face ( mod]n indu/ry2 ! prolet>iat is its special & ess5tial product4 ,! l[] middle class1 ! small manufactur]1 ! %opkeep]1 ! artisan1 ! peasant1 all ^! fight aga9/ ! b\rgeoisie to save f ext9ction _! exi/5ce z fractions ( ! middle class4 ,!y are !re=e n revolution>y1 b cons]vative4 ,nay1 m1 !y are reaction>y1 = !y try to roll back ! :eel ( hi/ory4 ,if by *ance !y are revolution>y1 !y are s only 9 view ( _! imp5d+ transf] into ! prolet>iat2 !y ?us def5d n _! pres5t1 b _! future int]e/s1 !y des]t _! own /&po9t to place !mselves at t ( ! prolet>iat4 ,! dang]\s class1 ! social scum1 t passively rott+ class ?r[n (f by ! l[e/ lay]s ( old society1 may1 "h & !re1 be swept into ! movem5t by a prolet>ian revolution2 its conditions ( life1 h[ev]1 prep>e x f> m = ! "p ( a brib$ tool ( reaction>y intrigue4 ,9 ! conditions ( ! prolet>iat1 ^? ( old society at l>ge are already virtually swamp$4 ,! prolet>ian is )\t prop]ty2 8 relation to 8 wife & *ildr5 has no long] any?+ 9 common ) ! b\rgeois family relations2 mod]n indu/rial labor1 mod]n subjection to capital1 ! same 9 ,engl& z 9 ,france1 9 ,am]ica z 9 ,g]many1 has /ripp$ him ( e trace ( national "*4 ,law1 morality1 religion1 are to him s _m b\rgeois prejudices1 beh9d :i* lurk 9 ambu% j z _m b\rgeois int]e/s4 ,all ! prec$+ classes t got ! upp] h& s\ght to =tify _! already acquir$ /atus by subject+ society at l>ge to _! conditions ( appropriation4 ,! prolet>ians _c become ma/]s ( ! productive =ces ( society1 except by aboli%+ _! own previ\s mode ( appropriation1 & !reby also e o!r previ\s mode ( appropriation4 ,!y h no?+ ( _! own to secure & to =tify2 _! mission is to de/roy all previ\s securities =1 & insurances (1 individual prop]ty4 ,all previ\s hi/orical movem5ts 7 movem5ts ( m9orities1 or 9 ! int]e/ ( m9orities4 ,! prolet>ian movem5t is ! self-consci\s1 indep5d5t movem5t ( ! imm5se majority1 9 ! int]e/ ( ! imm5se majority4 ,! prolet>iat1 ! l[e/ /ratum ( our pres5t society1 _c /ir1 _c raise itself up1 )\t ! :ole sup]-incumb5t /rata ( (ficial society be+ sprung into ! air4 ,?\gh n 9 sub/ance1 yet 9 =m1 ! /ruggle ( ! prolet>iat ) ! b\rgeoisie is at fir/ a national /ruggle4 ,! prolet>iat ( ea* c\ntry mu/1 ( c\rse1 fir/ ( all settle matt]s ) its own b\rgeoisie4 ,9 depict+ ! mo/ g5]al phases ( ! developm5t ( ! prolet>iat1 we trac$ ! m or less veil$ civil w>1 rag+ )9 exi/+ society1 up to ! po9t :]e t w> breaks out into op5 revolution1 & :]e ! viol5t ov]?r[ ( ! b\rgeoisie lays ! f\ndation = ! sway ( ! prolet>iat4 ,hi!rto e =m ( society has be5 bas$1 z we h already se51 on ! antagonism ( oppress+ & oppress$ classes4 ,b 9 ord] to oppress a class c]ta9 conditions mu/ be assur$ to x "u :i* x c1 at lea/1 cont9ue its slavi% exi/5ce4 ,! s]f1 9 ! p]iod ( s]fdom1 rais$ himself to memb]%ip 9 ! commune1 j z ! petty b\rgeois1 "u ! yoke ( feudal absolutism1 manag$ to develop into a b\rgeois4 ,! mod]n labor]1 on ! contr>y1 in/ead ( ris+ ) ! progress ( indu/ry1 s9ks deep] & deep] bel[ ! conditions ( exi/5ce ( 8 own class4 ,he becomes a paup]1 & paup]ism develops m rapidly ?an population & weal?4 ,& "h x becomes evid5t t ! b\rgeoisie is unfit any long] to be ! rul+ class 9 society & to impose its conditions ( exi/5ce ^u society z an ov]-rid+ law4 ,x is unfit to rule because x is incompet5t to assure an exi/5ce to its slave )9 8 slav]y1 because x _c help lett+ him s9k into su* a /ate t x has to fe$ him in/ead ( be+ f$ by him4 ,society c no long] live "u ?is b\rgeoisie2 9 o!r words1 its exi/5ce is no long] compatible ) society4 ,! ess5tial condition = ! exi/5ce1 & = ! sway ( ! b\rgeois class1 is ! =mation & augm5tation ( capital2 ! condition = capital is wage-labor4 ,wage-labor re/s exclusively on competition betwe5 ! labor]s4 ,! advance ( indu/ry1 ^: involunt>y promot] is ! b\rgeoisie1 replaces ! isolation ( ! labor]s1 due to competition1 by _! revolution>y comb9ation1 due to association4 ,! developm5t ( mod]n indu/ry1 !re=e1 cuts f "u its feet ! v f\ndation on :i* ! b\rgeoisie produces & appropriates products4 ,:at ! b\rgeoisie !re=e produces1 above all1 are its own grave digg]s4 ,its fall & ! victory ( ! prolet>iat are equally inevitable4 7a7 ,by b\rgeoisie is meant ! class ( mod]n ,capitali/s1 own]s ( ! means ( social production & employ]s ( wage-labor4 ,by prolet>iat1 ! class ( mod]n wage-labor]s :o1 hav+ no means ( production ( _! own1 are r$uc$ to sell+ _! labor-p[] 9 ord] to live4 7b7 ,t is1 all writt5 hi/ory4 ,9 #ahdg1 ! pre-hi/ory ( society1 ! social organization exi/+ previ\s to record$ hi/ory1 0 all b unkn[n4 ,s9ce !n1 ,hax?aus5 discov]$ common own]%ip ( l& 9 ,russia1 ,maur] prov$ x to be ! social f\ndation f :i* all ,teutonic races />t$ 9 hi/ory1 & by & by village communities 7 f\nd to be1 or to h be5 ! primitive =m ( society ev]y:]e f ,india to ,irel&4 ,! inn] organization ( ?is primitive ,communi/ic society 0 laid b>e1 9 its typical =m1 by ,morgan's cr[n+ discov]y ( ! true nature ( ! ,g5s & its relation to ! ,tribe4 ,) ! dissolution ( ^! primaeval communities society beg9s to be diff]5tiat$ into sep>ate & f9ally antagoni/ic classes4 ,i h attempt$ to retrace ?is process ( dissolution 93 ,d] ,ursprung d] ,familie1 des ,privateig5?ums und des ,/aats1 #bnd edit41 ,/uttg>t1 #ahhf4 7c7 ,guildma/]1 t is a full memb] ( a guild1 a ma/] )91 n a head ( a guild4 7d7 ,commune 0 ! "n tak51 9 ,france1 by ! nasc5t t[ns ev5 be=e !y _h conqu]$ f _! feudal lords & ma/]s1 local self-gov]nm5t & political rights z ! ,?ird ,e/ate4 ,g5]ally speak+1 = ! economical developm5t ( ! b\rgeoisie1 ,engl& is "h tak5 z ! typical c\ntry2 = its political developm5t1 ,france4 ,,ii4 ,,prolet>ians ,,& ,,communi/s4 ,9 :at relation d ! ,communi/s /& to ! prolet>ians z a :ole8 ,! ,communi/s d n =m a sep>ate p>ty oppos$ to o!r work+ class p>ties4 ,!y h no int]e/s sep>ate & ap>t f ^? ( ! prolet>iat z a :ole4 ,!y d n set up any sect>ian pr9ciples ( _! own by :i* to %ape & m\ld ! prolet>ian movem5t4 ,! ,communi/s are di/+ui%$ f ! o!r work+ class p>ties by ?is only3 #a4 ,9 ! national /ruggles ( ! prolet>ians ( ! diff]5t c\ntries1 !y po9t out & br+ to ! front ! common int]e/s ( ! entire prolet>iat1 indep5d5tly ( all nationality4 #b4 ,9 ! v>i\s /ages ( developm5t :i* ! /ruggle ( ! work+ class aga9/ ! b\rgeoisie has to pass ?r\gh1 !y always & ev]y:]e repres5t ! int]e/s ( ! movem5t z a :ole4 ,! ,communi/s1 !re=e1 are on ! "o h&1 practically1 ! mo/ advanc$ & resolute section ( ! work+ class p>ties ( e c\ntry1 t section :i* pu%es =w>d all o!rs2 on ! o!r h&1 !oretically1 !y h ov] ! great mass ( ! prolet>iat ! advantage ( cle>ly und]/&+ ! l9e ( m>*1 ! conditions1 & ! ultimate g5]al results ( ! prolet>ian movem5t4 ,! imm$iate aim ( ! ,communi/s is ! same z t ( all ! o!r prolet>ian p>ties3 =mation ( ! prolet>iat into a class1 ov]?r[ ( ! b\rgeois supremacy1 conque/ ( political p[] by ! prolet>iat4 ,! !oretical conclusions ( ! ,communi/s are 9 no way bas$ on ideas or pr9ciples t h be5 inv5t$1 or discov]$1 by ?is or t w\ld-be univ]sal re=m]4 ,!y m]ely express1 9 g5]al t]ms1 actual relations spr++ f an exi/+ class /ruggle1 f a hi/orical movem5t go+ on "u our v eyes4 ,! abolition ( exi/+ prop]ty relations is n at all a di/9ctive feature ( ,communism4 ,all prop]ty relations 9 ! pa/ h cont9ually be5 subject to hi/orical *ange1 consequ5t ^u ! *ange 9 hi/orical conditions4 ,! ,fr5* revolution1 = example1 aboli%$ feudal prop]ty 9 favor ( b\rgeois prop]ty4 ,! di/+ui%+ feature ( ,communism is n ! abolition ( prop]ty g5]ally1 b ! abolition ( b\rgeois prop]ty4 ,b mod]n b\rgeois private prop]ty is ! f9al & mo/ complete expression ( ! sy/em ( produc+ & appropriat+ products1 t is bas$ on class antagonisms1 on ! exploitation ( ! _m by ! few4 ,9 ?is s5se ! !ory ( ! ,communi/s may be summ$ up 9 ! s+le s5t5ce3 ,abolition ( private prop]ty4 ,we ,communi/s h be5 reproa*$ ) ! desire ( aboli%+ ! "r ( p]sonally acquir+ prop]ty z ! fruit ( a man's own labor1 :i* prop]ty is alleg$ to be ! gr\nd "w ( all p]sonal fre$om1 activity & indep5d5ce4 ,h>d-won1 self-acquir$1 self-e>n$ prop]ty6 ,d y mean ! prop]ty ( ! petty artisan & ( ! small peasant1 a =m ( prop]ty t prec$$ ! b\rgeois =m8 ,!re is no ne$ to aboli% t2 ! developm5t ( indu/ry has to a great ext5t already de/roy$ x1 & is /ill de/roy+ x daily4 ,or d y mean mod]n b\rgeois private prop]ty8 ,b does wage labor create any prop]ty = ! labor]8 ,n a bit4 ,x creates capital1 i4e41 t k9d ( prop]ty :i* exploits wage-labor1 & :i* _c increase except ^u condition ( begett+ a new supply ( wage-labor = fre% exploitation4 ,prop]ty1 9 its pres5t =m1 is bas$ on ! antagonism ( capital & wage labor4 ,let u exam9e bo? sides ( ?is antagonism4 ,to be a capitali/1 is to h n only a purely p]sonal1 b a social /atus 9 production4 ,capital is a collective product1 & only by ! unit$ action ( _m memb]s1 nay1 9 ! la/ resort1 only by ! unit$ action ( all memb]s ( society1 c x be set 9 motion4 ,capital is !re=e n a p]sonal1 x is a social p[]4 ,:51 !re=e1 capital is conv]t$ into common prop]ty1 into ! prop]ty ( all memb]s ( society1 p]sonal prop]ty is n !reby trans=m$ into social prop]ty4 ,x is only ! social "* ( ! prop]ty t is *ang$4 ,x loses its class "*4 ,let u n[ take wage-labor4 ,! av]age price ( wage-labor is ! m9imum wage1 i4e41 t quantum ( ! means ( subsi/5ce1 :i* is absolutely requisite to keep ! labor] 9 b>e exi/5ce z a labor]4 ,:at1 !re=e1 ! wage-labor] appropriates by means ( 8 labor1 m]ely suffices to prolong & reproduce a b>e exi/5ce4 ,we by no means int5d to aboli% ?is p]sonal appropriation ( ! products ( labor1 an appropriation t is made = ! ma9t5ance & reproduction ( human life1 & t leaves no surplus :]e) to comm& ! labor ( o!rs4 ,all t we want to d away )1 is ! mis]able "* ( ?is appropriation1 "u :i* ! labor] lives m]ely to increase capital1 & is all[$ to live only 9 s f> z ! int]e/ ( ! rul+ class requires x4 ,9 b\rgeois society liv+ labor is b a means to increase accumulat$ labor4 ,9 ,communi/ society accumulat$ labor is b a means to wid51 to enri*1 to promote ! exi/5ce ( ! labor]4 ,9 b\rgeois society1 !re=e1 ! pa/ dom9ates ! pres5t2 9 ,communi/ society1 ! pres5t dom9ates ! pa/4 ,9 b\rgeois society capital is indep5d5t & has individuality1 :ile ! liv+ p]son is dep5d5t & has no individuality4 ,& ! abolition ( ?is /ate ( ?+s is call$ by ! b\rgeois3 abolition ( individuality & fre$om6 ,& rightly s4 ,! abolition ( b\rgeois individuality1 b\rgeois indep5d5ce1 & b\rgeois fre$om is und\bt$ly aim$ at4 ,by fre$om is meant1 "u ! pres5t b\rgeois conditions ( production1 free trade1 free sell+ & buy+4 ,b if sell+ & buy+ disappe>s1 free sell+ & buy+ disappe>s also4 ,?is talk ab\t free sell+ & buy+1 & all ! o!r brave words ( our b\rgeoisie ab\t fre$om 9 g5]al1 h a mean+1 if any1 only 9 contra/ ) re/rict$ sell+ & buy+1 ) ! fett]$ trad]s ( ! middle ages1 b h no mean+ :5 oppos$ to ! ,communi/ic abolition ( buy+ & sell+1 ( ! b\rgeois conditions ( production1 & ( ! b\rgeoisie itself4 ,y are horrifi$ at our int5d+ to d away ) private prop]ty4 ,b 9 y\r exi/+ society private prop]ty is already done away ) = n9e-t5?s ( ! population2 its exi/5ce = ! few is solely due to its non-exi/5ce 9 ! h&s ( ^? n9e-t5?s4 ,y reproa* u1 !re=e1 ) int5d+ to d away ) a =m ( prop]ty1 ! necess>y condition = ^: exi/5ce is ! non-exi/5ce ( any prop]ty = ! imm5se majority ( society4 ,9 "o ^w1 y reproa* u ) int5d+ to d away ) y\r prop]ty4 ,precisely s3 t is j :at we int5d4 ,f ! mom5t :5 labor c no long] be conv]t$ into capital1 money1 or r5t1 into a social p[] capable ( be+ monopoliz$1 i4e41 f ! mom5t :5 individual prop]ty c no long] be trans=m$ into b\rgeois prop]ty1 into capital1 f t mom5t1 y say1 individuality vani%es6 ,y mu/1 !re=e1 confess t by individual y mean no o!r p]son ?an ! b\rgeois1 ?an ! middle class own] ( prop]ty4 ,?is p]son mu/1 inde$1 be swept out ( ! way1 & made impossible4 ,communism deprives no man ( ! p[] to appropriate ! products ( society3 all t x does is to deprive him ( ! p[] to subjugate ! labor ( o!rs by means ( su* appropriation4 ,x has be5 object$1 t ^u ! abolition ( private prop]ty all "w w cease1 & univ]sal laz9ess w ov]take u4 ,accord+ to ?is1 b\rgeois society ought long ago to h gone to ! dogs ?r\gh %e] idl5ess2 = ^? ( its memb]s :o "w1 acquire no?+1 & ^? :o acquire any?+1 d n "w4 ,! :ole ( ?is objection is b ano!r expression ( tautology1 t !re c no long] be any wage-labor :5 !re is no long] any capital4 ,all objections aga9/ ! ,communi/ic mode ( produc+ & appropriat+ mat]ial products1 h1 9 ! same way1 be5 urg$ aga9/ ! ,communi/ic modes ( produc+ & appropriat+ intellectual products4 ,j z1 to ! b\rgeois ! disappe>ance ( class prop]ty is ! disappe>ance ( production itself1 s ! disappe>ance ( class culture is to him id5tical ) ! disappe>ance ( all culture4 ,t culture1 ! loss ( :i* he lam5ts1 is1 = ! enorm\s majority1 a m]e tra9+ to act z a ma*9e4 ,b don't wrangle ) u s long z y apply to our int5d$ abolition ( b\rgeois prop]ty1 ! /&>d ( y\r b\rgeois notions ( fre$om1 culture1 law1 etc4 ,y\r v ideas are b ! outgr[? ( ! conditions ( y\r b\rgeois production & b\rgeois prop]ty1 j z y\r jurisprud5ce is b ! w ( y\r class made into a law = all1 a w1 ^: ess5tial "* & direction are det]m9$ by ! economical conditions ( exi/5ce ( y\r class4 ,! selfi% misconception t induces y to trans=m into et]nal laws ( nature & ( reason1 ! social =ms spr++ f y\r pres5t mode ( production & =m ( prop]ty--hi/orical relations t rise & disappe> 9 ! progress ( production--! misconception y %>e ) e rul+ class t has prec$$ y4 ,:at y see cle>ly 9 ! case ( anci5t prop]ty1 :at y admit 9 ! case ( feudal prop]ty1 y are ( c\rse =bidd5 to admit 9 ! case ( y\r own b\rgeois =m ( prop]ty4 ,abolition ( ! family6 ,ev5 ! mo/ radical fl>e up at ?is infam\s proposal ( ! ,communi/s4 ,on :at f\ndation is ! pres5t family1 ! b\rgeois family1 bas$8 ,on capital1 on private ga94 ,9 its completely develop$ =m ?is family exi/s only among ! b\rgeoisie4 ,b ?is /ate ( ?+s f9ds its complem5t 9 ! practical abs5ce ( ! family among ! prolet>ians1 & 9 public pro/itution4 ,! b\rgeois family w vani% z a matt] ( c\rse :5 its complem5t vani%es1 & bo? w vani% ) ! vani%+ ( capital4 ,d y *>ge u ) want+ to /op ! exploitation ( *ildr5 by _! p>5ts8 ,to ?is crime we plead guilty4 ,b1 y w say1 we de/roy ! mo/ hall[$ ( relations1 :5 we replace home education by social4 ,& y\r education6 ,is n t also social1 & det]m9$ by ! social conditions "u :i* y educate1 by ! int]v5tion1 direct or indirect1 ( society by means ( s*ools1 etc48 ,! ,communi/s h n inv5t$ ! int]v5tion ( society 9 education2 !y d b seek to alt] ! "* ( t int]v5tion1 & to rescue education f ! influ5ce ( ! rul+ class4 ,! b\rgeois clap-trap ab\t ! family & education1 ab\t ! hall[$ co-relation ( p>5t & *ild become all ! m disgu/+1 z1 by ! action ( mod]n indu/ry1 all family ties among ! prolet>ians are torn asund]1 & _! *ildr5 trans=m$ into simple articles ( comm]ce & in/rum5ts ( labor4 ,b y ,communi/s w\ld introduce community ( wom51 screams ! :ole b\rgeoisie 9 *orus4 ,! b\rgeois sees 9 8 wife a m]e in/rum5t ( production4 ,he he>s t ! in/rum5ts ( production are to be exploit$ 9 common1 &1 naturally1 c come to no o!r conclusion ?an t ! lot ( be+ common to all w likewise fall to ! wom54 ,he has n ev5 a suspicion t ! real po9t aim$ at is to d away ) ! /atus ( wom5 z m]e in/rum5ts ( production4 ,= ! re/ no?+ is m ridicul\s ?an ! virtu\s indignation ( our b\rgeois at ! community ( wom5 :i*1 !y pret5d1 is to be op5ly & (ficially e/abli%$ by ! ,communi/s4 ,! ,communi/s h no ne$ to introduce community ( wom52 x has exi/$ almo/ f "t immemorial4 ,our b\rgeois1 n cont5t ) hav+ ! wives & daught]s ( _! prolet>ians at _! disposal1 n to speak ( common pro/itutes1 take ! greate/ pleasure 9 s$uc+ ea* o!r's wives4 ,b\rgeois m>riage is 9 reality a sy/em ( wives 9 common1 & ?us1 at ! mo/1 :at ! ,communi/s might possibly be reproa*$ )1 is t !y desire to introduce1 9 sub/itution = a hypocritically conceal$1 an op5ly legaliz$ community ( wom54 ,= ! re/ x is self-evid5t t ! abolition ( ! pres5t sy/em ( production mu/ br+ ) x ! abolition ( ! community ( wom5 spr++ f t sy/em1 i4e41 ( pro/itution bo? public & private4 ,! ,communi/s are fur!r reproa*$ ) desir+ to aboli% c\ntries & nationality4 ,! work+m5 h no c\ntry4 ,we _c take f !m :at !y h n got4 ,s9ce ! prolet>iat mu/ fir/ ( all acquire political supremacy1 mu/ rise to be ! lead+ class ( ! nation1 mu/ con/itute itself ! nation1 x is1 s f>1 itself national1 ?\gh n 9 ! b\rgeois s5se ( ! ^w4 ,national diff]5ces & antagonisms betwe5 peoples are daily m & m vani%+2 ow+ to ! developm5t ( ! b\rgeoisie1 to fre$om ( comm]ce1 to ! _w's m>ket1 to uni=mity 9 ! mode ( production & 9 ! conditions ( life correspond+ !reto4 ,! supremacy ( ! prolet>iat w cause !m to vani% /ill fa/]4 ,unit$ action1 ( ! lead+ civiliz$ c\ntries at lea/1 is "o ( ! fir/ conditions = ! emancipation ( ! prolet>iat4 ,9 proportion z ! exploitation ( "o individual by ano!r is put an end to1 ! exploitation ( "o nation by ano!r w also be put an end to4 ,9 proportion z ! antagonism betwe5 classes )9 ! nation vani%es1 ! ho/ility ( "o nation to ano!r w come to an end4 ,! *>ges aga9/ ,communism made f a religi\s1 a philosophical1 &1 g5]ally1 f an ideological /&po9t are n des]v+ ( s]i\s exam9ation4 ,does x require deep intuition to compreh5d t man's ideas1 views1 & conceptions1 9 "o ^w1 man's consci\sness *anges ) e *ange 9 ! conditions ( 8 mat]ial exi/5ce1 9 8 social relations & 9 8 social life8 ,:at else does ! hi/ory ( ideas prove1 ?an t intellectual production *anges its "* 9 proportion z mat]ial production is *ang$8 ,! rul+ ideas ( ea* age h ev] be5 ! ideas ( its rul+ class4 ,:5 p speak ( ideas t revolutionize society !y d b express ! fact t )9 ! old society ! elem5ts ( a new "o h be5 creat$1 & t ! dissolution ( ! old ideas keeps ev5 pace ) ! dissolution ( ! old conditions ( exi/5ce4 ,:5 ! anci5t _w 0 9 its la/ ?roes ! anci5t religions 7 ov]come by ,*ri/ianity4 ,:5 ,*ri/ian ideas succumb$ 9 ! eighte5? c5tury to rationali/ ideas1 feudal society f\ght its dea? battle ) ! !n revolution>y b\rgeoisie4 ,! ideas ( religi\s lib]ty & fre$om ( consci5ce m]ely gave expression to ! sway ( free competition )9 ! doma9 ( k4 ,und\bt$ly1 x w be said1 religi\s1 moral1 philosophical & juridical ideas h be5 modifi$ 9 ! c\rse ( hi/orical developm5t4 ,b religion1 morality1 philosophy1 political sci5ce1 & law1 con/antly surviv$ ?is *ange4 ,!re are besides1 et]nal tru?s1 su* z ,fre$om1 ,ju/ice1 etc41 t are common to all /ates ( society4 ,b ,communism aboli%es et]nal tru?s1 x aboli%es all religion & all morality1 in/ead ( con/itut+ !m on a new basis2 x !re=e acts 9 contradiction to all pa/ hi/orical exp]i5ce4 ,:at does ?is accusation r$uce itself to8 ,! hi/ory ( all pa/ society has consi/$ 9 ! developm5t ( class antagonisms1 antagonisms t assum$ diff]5t =ms at diff]5t epo*s4 ,b :atev] =m !y may h tak51 "o fact is common to all pa/ ages1 viz41 !y exploitation ( "o "p ( society by ! o!r4 ,no wond]1 !n1 t ! social consci\sness ( pa/ ages1 despite all ! multiplicity & v>iety x displays1 moves )9 c]ta9 common =ms1 or g5]al ideas1 :i* _c completely vani% except ) ! total disappe>ance ( class antagonisms4 ,! ,communi/ revolution is ! mo/ radical rupture ) traditional prop]ty relations2 no wond] t its developm5t involves ! mo/ radical rupture ) traditional ideas4 ,b let u h done ) ! b\rgeois objections to ,communism4 ,we h se5 above t ! fir/ /ep 9 ! revolution by ! work+ class is to raise ! prolet>iat to ! position ( ! rul+ class2 to w9 ! battle ( democracy4 ,! prolet>iat w use its political supremacy to wre/1 by degrees1 all capital f ! b\rgeoisie2 to c5tralize all in/rum5ts ( production 9 ! h&s ( ! ,/ate1 i4e41 ( ! prolet>iat organiz$ z ! rul+ class2 & to increase ! total ( productive =ces z rapidly z possible4 ,( c\rse1 9 ! beg9n+ ?is _c be effect$ except by means ( despotic inroads on ! rights ( prop]ty & on ! conditions ( b\rgeois production2 by means ( measures1 !re=e1 :i* appe> economically insuffici5t & unt5able1 b :i*1 9 ! c\rse ( ! movem5t1 out/rip !mselves1 necessitate fur!r inroads ^u ! old social ord] & are unavoidable z a means ( entirely revolutioniz+ ! mode ( production4 ,^! measures w1 ( c\rse1 be diff]5t 9 diff]5t c\ntries4 ,nev]!less 9 ! mo/ advanc$ c\ntries ! foll[+ w be pretty g5]ally applicable3 #a4 ,abolition ( prop]ty 9 l& & application ( all r5ts ( l& to public purposes4 #b4 ,a heavy progressive or graduat$ income tax4 #c4 ,abolition ( all "r ( inh]itance4 #d4 ,confiscation ( ! prop]ty ( all emigrants & rebels4 #e4 ,c5tralization ( cr$it 9 ! h&s ( ! ,/ate1 by means ( a national bank ) ,/ate capital & an exclusive monopoly4 #f4 ,c5tralization ( ! means ( communication & transport 9 ! h&s ( ! ,/ate4 #g4 ,ext5sion ( factories & in/rum5ts ( production own$ by ! ,/ate2 ! br++ into cultivation ( wa/e l&s1 & ! improvem5t ( ! soil g5]ally 9 accordance ) a common plan4 #h4 ,equal liability ( all to labor4 ,e/abli%m5t ( indu/rial armies1 especially = agriculture4 #i4 ,comb9ation ( agriculture ) manufactur+ indu/ries3 gradual abolition ( ! di/9ction betwe5 t[n & c\ntry1 by a m equable di/ribution ( ! population ov] ! c\ntry4 #aj4 ,free education = all *ildr5 9 public s*ools4 ,abolition ( *ildr5's factory labor 9 its pres5t =m4 ,comb9ation ( education ) indu/rial production1 etc41 etc4 ,:51 9 ! c\rse ( developm5t1 class di/9ctions h disappe>$ & all production has be5 conc5trat$ 9 ! h&s ( a va/ association ( ! :ole nation1 ! public p[] w lose its political "*4 ,political p[]1 prop]ly s call$1 is m]ely ! organiz$ p[] ( "o class = oppress+ ano!r4 ,if ! prolet>iat dur+ its conte/ ) ! b\rgeoisie is compell$1 by ! =ce ( circum/ances1 to organize itself z a class1 if1 by means ( a revolution1 x makes itself ! rul+ class1 &1 z su*1 sweeps away by =ce ! old conditions ( production !n x w1 along ) ^! conditions1 h swept away ! conditions = ! exi/5ce ( class antagonisms1 & ( classes g5]ally1 & w !reby h aboli%$ its own supremacy z a class4 ,9 place ( ! old b\rgeois society ) its classes & class antagonisms we %all h an association 9 :i* ! free developm5t ( ea* is ! condition = ! free developm5t ( all4 ,,iii4 ,,sociali/ ,,& ,,communi/ ,,lit]ature4 ,i4 ,,reaction>y ,,socialism4 7a7 ,feudal ,socialism4 ,ow+ to _! hi/orical position1 x became ! vocation ( ! ari/ocracies ( ,france & ,engl& to write pamphlets aga9/ mod]n b\rgeois society4 ,9 ! ,fr5* revolution ( ,july1 #ahcj1 & 9 ! ,engli% re=m agitation1 ^! ari/ocracies aga9 succumb$ to ! hateful up/>t4 ,!nce=?1 a s]i\s political conte/ 0 altoge!r out ( "q4 ,a lit]>y battle alone rema9$ possible4 ,b ev5 9 ! doma9 ( lit]ature ! old cries ( ! re/oration p]iod7a7 _h become impossible4 ,9 ord] to ar\se sympa?y1 ! ari/ocracy 7 oblig$ to lose sight1 app>5tly1 ( _! own int]e/s1 & to =mulate _! indictm5t aga9/ ! b\rgeoisie 9 ! int]e/ ( ! exploit$ work+ class alone4 ,?us ! ari/ocracy took _! rev5ge by s++ lampoons on _! new ma/]1 & :isp]+ 9 8 e>s s9i/] prophecies ( com+ cata/rophe4 ,9 ?is way arose feudal ,socialism2 half lam5tation1 half lampoon2 half e*o ( ! pa/1 half m5ace ( ! future1 at times by its bitt]1 witty & incisive criticism1 /rik+ ! b\rgeoisie to ! v he>t's core1 b always ludicr\s 9 its effects1 ?r\gh total incapacity to compreh5d ! m>* ( mod]n hi/ory4 ,! ari/ocracy1 9 ord] to rally ! p to !m1 wav$ ! prolet>ian alms-bag 9 front = a bann]4 ,b ! p1 s (t5 z x jo9$ !m1 saw on _! h9dqu>t]s ! old feudal coats ( arms & des]t$ ) l\d & irrev]5t laught]4 ,"o section ( ! ,fr5* ,legitimi/s1 & ,"y ,engl&1 exhibit$ ?is spectacle4 ,9 po9t+ out t _! mode ( exploitation 0 diff]5t f t ( ! b\rgeoisie1 ! feudali/s =get t !y exploit$ "u circum/ances & conditions t 7 q diff]5t & t are n[ antiquat$4 ,9 %[+ t "u _! rule ! mod]n prolet>iat nev] exi/$ !y =get t ! mod]n b\rgeoisie is ! necess>y (fspr+ ( _! own =m ( society4 ,= ! re/1 s little d !y conceal ! reaction>y "* ( _! criticism1 t _! *ief accusation aga9/ ! b\rgeoisie am\nts to ?is3 t "u ! b\rgeois regime a class is be+ develop$1 :i* is de/9$ to cut up root & bran* ! old ord] ( society4 ,:at !y upbraid ! b\rgeoisie ) is n s mu* t x creates a prolet>iat1 z t x creates a revolution>y prolet>iat4 ,9 political practice1 !re=e1 !y jo9 9 all co]cive measures aga9/ ! work+ class2 & 9 ord9>y life1 despite _! high falut9 phrases1 !y /oop to pick up ! gold5 apples dropp$ f ! tree ( indu/ry1 & to b>t] tru?1 love1 & honor = traffic 9 wool1 beet-root sug> & potato _s7b74 ,z ! p>son has ev] gone h& 9 h& ) ! l&lord1 s has ,cl]ical ,socialism ) ,feudal ,socialism4 ,no?+ is easi] ?an to give ,*ri/ian asceticism a ,sociali/ t+e4 ,has n ,*ri/ianity declaim$ aga9/ private prop]ty1 aga9/ m>riages1 aga9/ ! ,/ate8 ,has x n prea*$ 9 ! place ( ^! *>ity & pov]ty1 celibacy & mortification ( ! fle%1 mona/ic life & ,"m ,*ur*8 ,*ri/ian ,socialism is b ! ,holy ,wat] ) :i* ! prie/ consecrates ! he>t-burn+s ( ! ari/ocrat4 7b7 ,petty ,b\rgeois ,socialism4 ,! feudal ari/ocracy 0 n ! only class t 0 ru9$ by ! b\rgeoisie1 n ! only class ^: conditions ( exi/5ce p9$ & p]i%$ 9 ! atmosph]e ( mod]n b\rgeois society4 ,! m$ieval burgesses & ! small peasant proprietors 7 ! precursors ( ! mod]n b\rgeoisie4 ,9 ^? c\ntries :i* are b little develop$1 indu/rially & comm]cially ^! two classes /ill vegetate side by side ) ! ris+ b\rgeoisie4 ,9 c\ntries :]e mod]n civilization has become fully develop$1 a new class ( petty b\rgeois has be5 =m$1 fluctuat+ betwe5 prolet>iat & b\rgeoisie1 & ev] r5ew+ itself z a supplem5t>y "p ( b\rgeois society4 ,! individual memb]s ( ?is class1 h[ev]1 are be+ con/antly hurl$ d[n into ! prolet>iat by ! action ( competition & z mod]n indu/ry develops1 !y ev5 see ! mom5t approa*+ :5 !y w completely disappe> z an indep5d5t section ( mod]n society to be replac$ 9 manufactures1 agriculture & comm]ce1 by ov]look]s1 bailiffs & %opm54 ,9 c\ntries l ,france1 :]e ! peasants con/itute f> m ?an half ( ! population1 x 0 natural t writ]s :o sid$ ) ! prolet>iat aga9/ ! b\rgeoisie1 %\ld use 9 _! criticism ( ! b\rgeois regime1 ! /&>d ( ! peasant & petty b\rgeois1 & f ! /&po9t ( ^! int]m$iate classes %\ld take up ! cudgels = ! work+ class4 ,?us arose petty b\rgeois ,socialism4 ,sismondi 0 ! head ( ?is s*ool1 n only 9 ,france b also 9 ,engl&4 ,?is s*ool ( ,socialism dissect$ ) great acut5ess ! contradictions 9 ! conditions ( mod]n production4 ,x laid b>e ! hypocritical apologies ( economi/s4 ,x prov$ incontrov]tibly ! disa/r\s effects ( ma*9]y & division ( labor2 ! conc5tration ( capital & l& 9 a few h&s2 ov]production & crises2 x po9t$ out ! inevitable ru9 ( ! petty b\rgeois & peasant1 ! mis]y ( ! prolet>iat1 ! an>*y 9 production1 ! cry+ inequalities 9 ! di/ribution ( weal?1 ! indu/rial w> ( ext]m9ation betwe5 nations1 ! dissolution ( old moral bonds1 ( ! old family relations1 ( ! old nationalities4 ,9 its positive aims1 h[ev]1 ?is =m ( ,socialism aspires ei!r to re/or+ ! old means ( production & ( ex*ange1 & ) !m ! old prop]ty relations & ! old society1 or to cramp+ ! mod]n means ( production & ( ex*ange1 )9 ! frame "w ( ! old prop]ty relations t h be5 & 7 b\nd to be explod$ by ^? means4 ,9 ei!r case1 x is bo? reaction>y & ,utopian4 ,its la/ words are3 corporate guilds = manufacture2 patri>*al relations 9 agriculture4 ,ultimately1 :5 /ubborn hi/orical facts _h disp]s$ all intoxicat+ effects ( self-deception1 ?is =m ( ,socialism end$ 9 a mis]able fit ( ! blues4 7c7 ,g]man or ,true ,socialism4 ,! ,sociali/ & ,communi/ lit]ature ( ,france1 a lit]ature t orig9at$ "u ! pressure ( a b\rgeoisie 9 p[]1 & t 0 ! expression ( ! /ruggle aga9/ ?is p[]1 0 introduc$ into ,g]many at a "t :5 ! b\rgeoisie 9 t c\ntry _h j begun its conte/ ) feudal absolutism4 ,g]man philosoph]s1--w\ld-be philosoph]s & beaux esprits1--eag]ly seiz$ on ?is lit]ature1 only =gett+ t :5 ^! writ+s immigrat$ f ,france into ,g]many1 ,fr5* social conditions _h n immigrat$ along ) !m4 ,9 contact ) ,g]man social conditions1 ?is ,fr5* lit]ature lo/ all its imm$iate practical significance1 & assum$ a purely lit]>y aspect4 ,?us1 to ! ,g]man philosoph]s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 ! dem&s ( ! fir/ ,fr5* ,revolution 7 no?+ m ?an ! dem&s ( ,practical ,reason 9 g5]al1 & ! utt]ances ( ! w ( ! revolution>y ,fr5* b\rgeoisie signifi$ 9 _! eyes ! laws ( pure w1 ( w z x 0 b\nd to be1 ( true human w g5]ally4 ,! "w ( ! ,g]man lit]ati consi/$ solely 9 br++ ! new ,fr5* ideas into h>mony ) _! anci5t philosophical consci5ce1 or r1 9 annex+ ! ,fr5* ideas )\t des]t+ _! own philosophic po9t ( view4 ,?is annexation took place 9 ! same way 9 :i* a =eign language is appropriat$1 namely1 by translation4 ,x is well kn[n h[ ! monks wrote silly lives ( ,ca?olic ,sa9ts ov] ! manuscripts on :i* ! classical works ( anci5t hea!ndom _h be5 writt54 ,! ,g]man lit]ati rev]s$ ?is process ) ! pr(ane ,fr5* lit]ature4 ,!y wrote _! philosophical nons5se b5ea? ! ,fr5* orig9al4 ,= in/ance1 b5ea? ! ,fr5* criticism ( ! economic functions ( money !y wrote ,ali5ation ( ,humanity1 & b5ea? ! ,fr5* criticism ( ! b\rgeois ,/ate !y wrote ,de?ronem5t ( ! ,category ( ! ,g5]al1 & s =?4 ,! introduction ( ^! philosophical phrases at ! back ( ! ,fr5* hi/orical criticisms !y dubb$ ,philosophy ( ,action1 ,true ,socialism1 ,g]man ,sci5ce ( ,socialism1 ,philosophical ,f\ndation ( ,socialism1 & s on4 ,! ,fr5* ,sociali/ & ,communi/ lit]ature 0 ?us completely emasculat$4 ,&1 s9ce x ceas$ 9 ! h&s ( ! ,g]man to express ! /ruggle ( "o class ) ! o!r1 he felt consci\s ( hav+ ov]come ,fr5* "o-sid$ness & ( repres5t+ n true requirem5ts b ! requirem5ts ( tru?1 n ! int]e/s ( ! prolet>iat1 b ! int]e/s ( human nature1 ( man 9 g5]al1 :o belongs to no class1 has no reality1 & exi/s only 9 ! mi/y realm ( philosophical phantasy4 ,?is ,g]man ,socialism1 :i* took its s*ool-boy task s s]i\sly & solemnly1 & extoll$ its poor /ock 9 trade 9 su* m\ntebank fa%ion1 mean:ile gradually lo/ its p$antic innoc5ce4 ,! fight ( ! ,g]man1 & especially ( ! ,prussian b\rgeoisie1 aga9/ feudal ari/ocracy & absolute mon>*y1 9 o!r words1 ! lib]al movem5t1 became m e>ne/4 ,by ?is1 ! long wi%$-= opportunity 0 (f]$ to ,true ,socialism ( confront+ ! political movem5t ) ! ,sociali/ dem&s1 ( hurl+ ! traditional ana!mas aga9/ lib]alism1 aga9/ repres5tative gov]nm5t1 aga9/ b\rgeois competition1 b\rgeois fre$om ( ! press1 b\rgeois legislation1 b\rgeois lib]ty & equality1 & ( prea*+ to ! masses t !y _h no?+ to ga9 & ev]y?+ to lose by ?is b\rgeois movem5t4 ,g]man ,socialism =got1 9 ! nick ( "t1 t ! ,fr5* criticism1 ^: silly e*o x 01 presuppos$ ! exi/5ce ( mod]n b\rgeois society1 ) its correspond+ economic conditions ( exi/5ce1 & ! political con/itution adapt$ !reto1 ! v ?+s ^: atta9m5t 0 ! object ( ! p5d+ /ruggle 9 ,g]many4 ,to ! absolute gov]nm5ts1 ) _! foll[+ ( p>sons1 pr(essors1 c\ntry squires & (ficials1 x s]v$ z a welcome sc>ecr[ aga9/ ! ?reat5+ b\rgeoisie4 ,x 0 a sweet f9i% aft] ! bitt] pills ( flogg+s & bullets ) :i* ^! same gov]nm5ts1 j at t "t1 dos$ ! ,g]man work+-class ris+s4 ,:ile ?is ,true ,socialism ?us s]v$ ! gov]nm5t z a weapon = fight+ ! ,g]man b\rgeoisie1 x1 at ! same "t1 directly repres5t$ a reaction>y int]e/1 ! int]e/ ( ! ,g]man phili/9es4 ,9 ,g]many ! petty b\rgeois class1 a relique ( ! #af? c5tury & s9ce !n con/antly cropp+ up aga9 "u v>i\s =ms1 is ! real social basis ( ! exi/+ /ate ( ?+s4 ,to pres]ve ?is class1 is to pres]ve ! exi/+ /ate ( ?+s 9 ,g]many4 ,! indu/rial & political supremacy ( ! b\rgeoisie ?reat5s x ) c]ta9 de/ruction2 on ! "o h&1 f ! conc5tration ( capital2 on ! o!r1 f ! rise ( a revolution>y prolet>iat4 ,true ,socialism appe>$ to kill ^! two birds ) "o /one4 ,x spread l an epidemic4 ,! robe ( speculative cobwebs1 embroid]$ ) fl[]s ( rhetoric1 /eep$ 9 ! dew ( sickly s5tim5t1 ?is transc5d5tal robe 9 :i* ! ,g]man ,sociali/s wrapp$ _! sorry et]nal tru?s all sk9 & bone1 s]v$ to wond]fully increase ! sale ( _! goods among/ su* a public4 ,& on its "p1 ,g]man ,socialism recogniz$ m & m its own call+ z ! bomba/ic repres5tative ( ! petty b\rgeois phili/9e4 ,x proclaim$ ! ,g]man nation to be ! model nation1 & ! ,g]man petty phili/9e to be ! typical man4 ,to e villa9\s meanness ( ?is model man x gave a hidd51 high]1 sociali/ic int]pretation1 ! exact contr>y ( its real "*4 ,x w5t to ! extreme l5g? ( directly oppos+ ! brutally de/ructive t5d5cy ( ,communism1 & ( proclaim+ its supreme & imp>tial contempt ( all class-/ruggles4 ,) v few exceptions1 all ! s-call$ ,sociali/ & ,communi/ publications t n[ 7#ahdg7 circulate 9 ,g]many belong to ! doma9 ( ?is f\l & en]vat+ lit]ature4 #b4 ,,cons]vative ,,or ,,b\rgeois ,,socialism4 ,a "p ( ! b\rgeoisie is desir\s ( r$ress+ social grievances1 9 ord] to secure ! cont9u$ exi/5ce ( b\rgeois society4 ,to ?is section belong economi/s1 philan?ropi/s1 humanit>ians1 improv]s ( ! condition ( ! work+ class1 organiz]s ( *>ity1 memb]s ( societies = ! prev5tion ( cruelty to animals1 temp]ance fanatics1 hole & corn] re=m]s ( e imag9able k9d4 ,?is =m ( ,socialism has1 moreov]1 be5 work$ out into complete sy/ems4 ,we may cite ,pr\dhon's ,philosophie de la ,misre z an example ( ?is =m4 ,! sociali/ic b\rgeois want all ! advantages ( mod]n social conditions )\t ! /ruggles & dang]s necess>ily result+ !refrom4 ,!y desire ! exi/+ /ate ( society m9us its revolution>y & dis9tegrat+ elem5ts4 ,!y wi% = a b\rgeoisie )\t a prolet>iat4 ,! b\rgeoisie naturally conceives ! _w 9 :i* x is supreme to be ! be/2 & b\rgeois socialism develops ?is com=table conception into v>i\s m or less complete sy/ems4 ,9 requir+ ! prolet>iat to c>ry out su* a sy/em1 & !reby to m>* /raightway into ! social ,new ,j]usalem1 x b requires 9 reality1 t ! prolet>iat %\ld rema9 )9 ! b\nds ( exi/+ society1 b %\ld ca/ away all its hateful ideas conc]n+ ! b\rgeosie4 ,a second & m practical1 b less sy/ematic =m ( ?is ,socialism s\ght to depreciate e revolution>y movem5t 9 ! eyes ( ! work+ class1 by %[+ t no m]e political re=m b a *ange 9 ! mat]ial conditions ( exi/5ce 9 economical relations c\ld be ( any advantage to !m4 ,by *anges 9 ! mat]ial conditions ( exi/5ce ?is =m ( ,socialism1 h[ev]1 by no means und]/&s abolition ( ! b\rgeois relations ( production1--an abolition t c be effect$ only by a revolution--b adm9i/rative re=ms1 bas$ on ! cont9u$ exi/5ce ( ^! relations2 re=ms1 !re=e1 t 9 no respect affect ! relations betwe5 capital & labor1 b1 at ! be/1 less5 ! co/ & simplify ! adm9i/rative "w ( b\rgeois gov]nm5t4 ,b\rgeois ,socialism atta9s adequate expression1 :51 & only :51 x becomes a m]e figure ( spee*4 ,free ,trade3 = ! b5efit ( ! work+ class4 ,protective ,duties3 = ! b5efit ( ! work+ class4 ,prison ,re=m3 = ! b5efit ( ! work+ class4 ,?is is ! la/ ^w & ! only s]i\sly meant ^w ( b\rgeois ,socialism4 ,x is summ$ up 9 ! phrase3 ! b\rgeois is a b\rgeois--= ! b5efit ( ! work+ class4 #c4 ,,critical-,,utopian ,,socialism ,,& ,,communism4 ,we d n "h ref] to t lit]ature :i*1 9 e great mod]n revolution1 has always giv5 voice to ! dem&s ( ! prolet>iat1 su* z ! writ+s ( ,baboeuf & o!rs4 ,! fir/ direct attempts ( ! prolet>iat to atta9 its own ends1 made 9 times ( univ]sal excitem5t1 :5 feudal society 0 be+ ov]?r[n1 ^! attempts necess>ily fail$1 ow+ to ! !n undevelop$ /ate ( ! prolet>iat1 z well z to ! abs5ce ( ! economic conditions = its emancipation1 conditions t _h yet to be produc$1 & c\ld be produc$ by ! imp5d+ b\rgeois epo* alone4 ,! revolution>y lit]ature t accompani$ ^! fir/ movem5ts ( ! prolet>iat _h necess>ily a reaction>y "*4 ,x inculcat$ univ]sal asceticism & social levell+ 9 its crude/ =m4 ,! ,sociali/ & ,communi/ sy/ems prop]ly s call$1 ^? ( ,/4 ,simon1 ,f\ri]1 ,ow5 & o!rs1 spr+ into exi/5ce 9 ! e>ly undevelop$ p]iod1 describ$ above1 ( ! /ruggle betwe5 prolet>iat & b\rgeoisie 7see3 ,section ,i41 ,b\rgeoisie & ,prolet>iat47 ,! f\nd]s ( ^! sy/ems see1 inde$1 ! class antagonisms z well z ! action ( ! decompos+ elem5ts 9 ! prevail+ =m ( society4 ,b ! prolet>iat1 z yet 9 its infancy1 (f]s to !m ! spectacle ( a class )\t any hi/orical initiative or any indep5d5t political movem5t4 ,s9ce ! developm5t ( class antagonism keeps ev5 pace ) ! developm5t ( indu/ry1 ! economic situation1 z !y f9d x1 does n z yet (f] to !m ! mat]ial conditions = ! emancipation ( ! prolet>iat4 ,!y !re=e se>* aft] a new social sci5ce1 aft] new social laws1 t are to create ^! conditions4 ,hi/orical action is to yield to _! p]sonal inv5tive action1 hi/orically creat$ conditions ( emancipation to phanta/ic ones1 & ! gradual1 spontane\s class organization ( ! prolet>iat to an organization ( society specially contriv$ by ^! inv5tors4 ,future hi/ory resolves itself1 9 _! eyes1 into ! propag&a & ! practical c>ry+ out ( _! social plans4 ,9 ! =mation ( _! plans !y are consci\s ( c>+ *iefly = ! int]e/ ( ! work+ class1 z be+ ! mo/ suff]+ class4 ,only f ! po9t ( view ( be+ ! mo/ suff]+ class does ! prolet>iat exi/ = !m4 ,! undevelop$ /ate ( ! class /ruggle z well z _! own surr\nd+s cause ,sociali/s ( ?is k9d to consid] !mselves f> sup]ior to all class antagonisms4 ,!y want to improve ! condition ( e memb] ( society1 ev5 t ( ! mo/ favor$4 ,h5ce !y habitually appeal to society at l>ge1 )\t di/9ction ( class2 nay1 by pref]5ce to ! rul+ class4 ,= h[ c p1 :5 once !y und]/& _! sy/em1 fail to see 9 x ! be/ possible plan ( ! be/ possible /ate ( society8 ,h5ce !y reject all political1 & especially all revolution>y action2 !y wi% to atta9 _! ends by peaceful means1 & endeavor1 by small exp]im5ts1 necess>ily doom$ to failure1 & by ! =ce ( example1 to pave ! way = ! new social ,gospel4 ,su* phanta/ic pictures ( future society1 pa9t$ at a "t :5 ! prolet>iat is /ill 9 a v undevelop$ /ate & has b a phanta/ic conception ( its own position1 correspond ) ! fir/ in/9ctive ye>n+s ( t class = a g5]al recon/ruction ( society4 ,b ^! ,sociali/ & ,communi/ publications conta9 also a critical elem5t4 ,!y attack e pr9ciple ( exi/+ society4 ,h5ce !y are full ( ! mo/ valuable mat]ials = ! enlight5m5t ( ! work+ class4 ,! practical measures propos$ 9 !m1 su* z ! abolition ( ! di/9ction betwe5 t[n & c\ntry1 ( ! family1 ( ! c>ry+ on ( indu/ries = ! acc\nt ( private individuals1 & ( ! wage sy/em1 ! proclamation ( social h>mony1 ! conv]sion ( ! functions ( ! ,/ate into a m]e sup]9t5d5ce ( production1 all ^! proposals po9t solely to ! disappe>ance ( class antagonisms :i* 71 at t "t1 only j cropp+ up1 & :i*1 9 ^! publications1 are recogniz$ "u _! e>lie/1 indi/9ct & undef9$ =ms only4 ,^! proposals1 !re=e1 are ( a purely ,utopian "*4 ,! significance ( ,critical-,utopian ,socialism & ,communism be>s an inv]se relation to hi/orical developm5t4 ,9 proportion z ! mod]n class /ruggle develops & takes def9ite %ape1 ?is phanta/ic /&+ ap>t f ! conte/1 ^! phanta/ic attacks on x lose all practical value & all !oretical ju/ification4 ,!re=e1 al?\gh ! orig9ators ( ^! sy/ems 71 9 _m respects1 revolution>y1 _! disciples h 9 e case =m$ m]e reaction>y sects4 ,!y hold fa/ by ! orig9al views ( _! ma/]s1 9 opposition to ! progressive hi/orical developm5t ( ! prolet>iat4 ,!y1 !re=e1 endeavor1 & t consi/5tly1 to dead5 ! class /ruggle & to reconcile ! class antagonisms4 ,!y /ill dream ( exp]im5tal realization ( _! social ,utopias1 ( f\nd+ isolat$ phalan/]es1 ( e/abli%+ ,home ,colonies1 ( sett+ up a ,little ,ic>ia7c7--duodecimo editions ( ! ,new ,j]usalem1 & to realize all ^! ca/les 9 ! air1 !y are compell$ to appeal to ! feel+s & purses ( ! b\rgeois4 ,by degrees !y s9k into ! category ( ! reaction>y cons]vative ,sociali/s depict$ above1 diff]+ f ^! only by m sy/ematic p$antry1 & by _! fanatical & sup]/iti\s belief 9 ! miracul\s effects ( _! social sci5ce4 ,!y1 !re=e1 viol5tly oppose all political action on ! "p ( ! work+ class2 su* action1 accord+ to !m1 c only result f bl9d unbelief 9 ! new ,gospel4 ,! ,ow5ites 9 ,engl&1 & ! ,f\ri]i/s 9 ,france1 respectively1 oppose ! ,*>ti/s & ! ,r=mi/es4 7a7 ,n ! ,engli% ,re/oration #affj to #afhi1 b ! ,fr5* ,re/oration #ahad to #ahcj4 7b7 ,?is applies *iefly to ,g]many :]e ! l&$ ari/ocracy & squire>*y h l>ge portions ( _! e/ates cultivat$ = _! own acc\nt by /ew>ds1 & are moreov]1 ext5sive beet-root sug> manufactur]s & di/ill]s ( potato spirits4 ,! weal?i] ,briti% ari/ocracy are1 z yet1 r above t2 b !y1 too1 "k h[ to make up = decl9+ r5ts by l5d+ _! names to float]s ( m or less %ady jo9t-/ock companies4 7c7 ,phalan/]es 7 sociali/ colonies on ! plan ( ,*>les ,f\ri]2 ,ic>ia 0 ! "n giv5 by ,cabet to 8 ,utopia &1 lat] on1 to 8 ,am]ican ,communi/ colony4 ,,iv4 ,,position ,,( ,,! ,,communi/s ,,9 ,,relation ,,to ,,! ,,v>i\s ,,exi/+ ,,opposition ,,p>ties4 ,section ,,ii4 has made cle> ! relations ( ! ,communi/s to ! exi/+ work+ class p>ties1 su* z ! ,*>ti/s 9 ,engl& & ! ,agr>ian ,re=m]s 9 ,am]ica4 ,! ,communi/s fight = ! atta9m5t ( ! imm$iate aims1 = ! en=cem5t ( ! mom5t>y int]e/s ( ! work+ class2 b 9 ! movem5t ( ! pres5t1 !y also repres5t & take c>e ( ! future ( t movem5t4 ,9 ,france ! ,communi/s ally !mselves ) ! ,social-,democrats7a71 aga9/ ! cons]vative & radical b\rgeoisie1 res]v+1 h[ev]1 ! "r to take up a critical position 9 reg>d to phrases & illusions traditionally h&$ d[n f ! great ,revolution4 ,9 ,switz]l& !y support ! ,radicals1 )\t los+ sight ( ! fact t ?is p>ty consi/s ( antagoni/ic elem5ts1 p>tly ( ,democratic ,sociali/s1 9 ! ,fr5* s5se1 p>tly ( radical b\rgeois4 ,9 ,pol& !y support ! p>ty t insi/s on an agr>ian revolution1 z ! prime condition = national emancipation1 t p>ty :i* fom5t$ ! insurrection ( ,crac[ 9 #ahdf4 ,9 ,g]many !y fight ) ! b\rgeoisie :5ev] x acts 9 a revolution>y way aga9/ ! absolute mon>*y1 ! feudal squire>*y1 & ! petty b\rgeoisie4 ,b !y nev] cease1 = a s+le in/ant1 to in/il into ! work+ class ! cle>e/ possible recognition ( ! ho/ile antagonism betwe5 b\rgeoisie & prolet>iat1 9 ord] t ! ,g]man work]s may /raightway use1 z s _m weapons aga9/ ! b\rgeoisie1 ! social & political conditions t ! b\rgeoisie mu/ necess>ily introduce along ) its supremacy1 & 9 ord] t1 aft] ! fall ( ! reaction>y classes 9 ,g]many1 ! fight aga9/ ! b\rgeoisie itself may imm$iately beg94 ,! ,communi/s turn _! att5tion *iefly to ,g]many1 because t c\ntry is on ! eve ( a b\rgeois revolution t is b\nd to be c>ri$ out "u m advanc$ conditions ( ,european civilization1 & ) a mu* m develop$ prolet>iat1 ?an t ( ,engl& 0 9 ! sev5te5?1 & ( ,france 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 & because ! b\rgeois revolution 9 ,g]many w be b ! prelude to an imm$iately foll[+ prolet>ian revolution4 ,9 %ort1 ! ,communi/s ev]y:]e support e revolution>y movem5t aga9/ ! exi/+ social & political ord] ( ?+s4 ,9 all ^! movem5ts !y br+1 to ! front1 z ! lead+ "q 9 ea*1 ! prop]ty "q1 no matt] :at its degree ( developm5t at ! "t4 ,f9ally1 !y labor ev]y:]e = ! union & agreem5t ( ! democratic p>ties ( all c\ntries4 ,! ,communi/s disda9 to conceal _! views & aims4 ,!y op5ly decl>e t _! ends c be atta9$ only by ! =cible ov]?r[ ( all exi/+ social conditions4 ,let ! rul+ classes tremble at a ,communi/ic revolution4 ,! prolet>ians h no?+ to lose b _! *a9s4 ,!y h a _w to w94 ,work+m5 ( all c\ntries unite6 7a7 ,! p>ty !n repres5t$ 9 p>liam5t by ,l$ru-,roll91 9 lit]ature by ,l\is ,blanc1 9 ! daily press by ! ,re=me4 ,! "n ( ,social-,democracy signifi$1 ) ^! its inv5tors1 a section ( ! ,democratic or ,republican p>ty m or less t+$ ) ,socialism4 ,,! ,,end4 ,! ,preamble ,,( ,,! ,,indu/rial ,,work]s ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,an ,address ,deliv]$ at ,m9neapolis1 ,m9n1 ,by ,,daniel ,,de ,,leon ,! organization ( ! ,indu/rial ,work]s ( ! ,_w1 at ,*icago1 ,july #aj1 #aije1 m>k$ an epo* 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,labor ,movem5t 9 ,am]ica1 = ! reason t1 z ! preamble to ! con/itution decl>es1 !re c be no peace betwe5 ! exploit$ work+ class & ! exploit+ capitali/ class2 ! ,i4 ,w4 ,w4 organiz$ on t basis--! recognition ( ! class /ruggle4 ,a #dh-,,page ,,pamphlet1 #e ,,c5ts ,s5d all ord]s to 4444 ,,new ,,york ,,labor ,,news ,,co4 #bh ,,city ,,hall ,,place ,,new ,,york ,,:at ,,means ,,?is ,,/rike8 ,by ,,daniel ,,de ,,leon ,:at ,means ,?is ,/rike8 is an address deliv]$ be=e ! /rik+ textile work]s ( ,new ,b$=d1 ,mass4 ,x is ! be/ ?+ extant ) :i* to beg9 ! /udy ( ,socialism4 ,! /rike is us$ z an object lesson to %[ ! nature ( capitali/ society4 ,! developm5t ( ! capitali/ is cle>ly giv51 %[+ :y x is t ! capitali/ class is able to live 9 idl5ess & luxury :ile ! work+ class rots 9 pov]ty & toil4 ,,cont5ts4--,:5ce ,d ,wages ,come1 & ,:5ce ,pr(its--,! ,capitali/ ,sy/em ( ,production--,nature ( ! ,"w ,p]=m$ by ! ,capitali/--,me*anism ( ,/ock ,corporation--,nature ( ! ,"w ,p]=m$ by ! ,directors ( ,/ock ,corporations--,orig9al ,accumulation--,h[ ! ,capitali/ 9 ,g5]al ,gets ,8 ,capital--,h[ ,levi ,p4 ,morton ,got ,8 ,capital--,! ,class ,/ruggle--,nature ( ! ,conflict ,betwe5 ! ,work+ ,class & ! ,capitali/ ,class--,developm5t ( ,capitali/ ,society--,developm5t ( ! ,/rike--,h[ ! ,capitali/s ,rob ,inv5tors--,h[ ! ,capitali/ ,uses ,ma*9]y to ,rob & ,subjugate ! ,work+ ,class--,:y ! ,mod]n ,/rike ,is ,usually a ,failure--,pr9ciples ( ! ,organization ! ,work+ ,class ,mu/ ,h to ,fight ,successfully ! ,capitali/ ,class--,weaknesses ( ,pure & ,simple ,trade ,unions--,c>e] ( ,samuel ,gomp]s--,!re ,w ,be ,no ,safety = ! ,work+ ,class ,until ,x ,wr5*es ! ,gov]nm5t f ! ,capitali/ ,class1 ,aboli%es ! ,wages ,sy/em ( ,slav]y1 & ,unfurls ! ,bann] ( ! ,sociali/ ,republic4 ,s+le ,copies1 #e ,c5ts2 #ajj ,copies1 ,,lit]ature4 ,leaflets1 9 ,engli%1 p] ?\s& 44444444444444444444444444 #a4ge ,leaflets1 9 ,g]man1 44444444444444444444444444 #c4jj ,leaflets1 9 ,italian1 44444444444444444444444444 #d4jj ,leaflets1 9 ,fr5*1 44444444444444444444444444 #d4jj ,leaflets1 9 ,slavonic1 44444444444444444444444444 #c4jj ,leaflets1 9 ,croatian1 44444444444444444444444444 #c4jj ,leaflets1 9 ,spani%1 44444444444444444444444444 #e4jj ,leaflets1 9 ,poli%1 44444444444444444444444444 #d4jj ,leaflets1 9 ,f9ni%1 44444444444444444444444444 #e4jj ,leaflets1 9 ,sw$i%1 44444444444444444444444444 #c4jj ,,note4---,! requisite am\nt ( ea* mu/ accompany ea* ord]4 ,all supplies s5t by ! ,g5]al ,(fice h ! po/age or express *>ges paid 9 advance4 ,,new ,,york ,,labor ,,news ,,co4 #bh ,,city ,,hall ,,place1 ,,new ,,york ,,value1 ,,price1 ,,& ,,pr(it ,by ,,k>l ,,m>x4 ,edit$ by 8 daught] ,,eleanor ,,m>x ,,avel+4 ,) an ,introduction & ,annotations by ,,luci5 ,,sanial4 ,?is book is especially timely1 l ev]y?+ else t ,m>x wrote4 ,writt5 a c\ple ( ye>s be=e 8 ,capital appe>$1 x is an address to work+m51 & cov]s 9 popul> =m _m ( ! subjects lat] sci5tifically exp&$ 9 ,capital4 ,luci5 ,sanial says ( x3 ,x is univ]sally consid]$ z ! be/ epitome we h ( ! fir/ volume ( ',capital1' & z su*1 is invaluable to ! beg9n] 9 economics4 ,x places him squ>ely on 8 feet at ! ?re%old ( 8 inquiry2 t is1 9 a position :]e 8 p]ceptive faculties _c be deceiv$ & 8 reason+ p[] vitiat$ by ! v use ( 8 eyesight2 :]eas1 by ! v nature ( 8 capitali/ surr\nd+s1 he n[ /&s on 8 head & sees all ?+s inv]t$4 ,special int]e/ atta*es to :at ,m>x says relative to /rikes4 ,7 ! work+ ,class ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! subject matt] ( ?is little "w1 we %\ld he> no m ( ! common gr\nd on :i* capital & labor might meet to settle _! diff]5ces4 ,! ?\s& & "o s*emes t are daily be+ flaunt$ 9 ! faces ( ! work+ class by ! lieut5ants ( ! capitali/s %[ ! necessity !re is on ! "p ( ! work+ class = a compreh5sive und]/&+ ( ! matt] ( wages1 ! relation ( ! work] to ! employ]1 ! s\rce ( pr(its1 & ! relation betwe5 pr(its & wages4 ,^! & o!r subjects are "h pres5t$1 & s cle>ly does ,m>x pres5t !m t all he has to say c be und]/ood by any p]son will+ to pay close att5tion to 8 words4 ,clo?1 #ej ,c5ts4 ,pap]1 #ae ,c5ts4 ,,new ,,york ,,labor ,,news ,,company1 #bh ,,city ,,hall ,,place1 ,,new ,,york4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,f a ,me*anical ,/&po9t x is ! fir/ "o ,m>x's works publi%$ 9 ,am]ica t c be look$ ^u z a c>eful piece ( publi%+4 ,x is to be hop$ t ?is excell5t volume is ! =]unn] ( o!r volumes ( ,m>x1 & t ,am]ica w h ! honor ( publi%+ an edition t is accurate z to text1 ?or\gh 9 annotations1 conv5i5t 9 size1 & pres5table 9 e way4 ,! pres5t book w delight ! lov] ( ,m>x1 & e ,sociali/ w desire a copy ( x4--,n4 ,y4 ,daily ,p4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------