material from the ,google ,print project47 ,,what ,,shall ,,we ,,do ,,now8 ,illustration3 ,a ,,pueblo ,,settlement 7,frontispiece7 ,,what ,,shall ,,we ,,do ,,now8 ,five ,hundred ,games and ,pastimes ,a ,,book ,,of ,,suggestions ,,for ,,children',s ,,games ,,and ,,employments ,,by ,,dorothy ,,canfield ,,and ,,others ,,new ,,york ,,frederick ,a4 ,,stokes ,,company ,,publishers ,copyright1 #aijg1 by ,,frederick ,a4 ,,stokes ,,company ,october1 #aijg ,all rights reserved ,,preface ,this book has been made in the hope that the question which forms its title1 ,what shall we do now8 may come to be put less frequently4 ,it is so easy for children to ask it1 so hard for grown-up persons with many other matters to think about to reply to it satisfactorily4 ,in the following pages1 which have something to say concerning most of the situations in which children find themselves1 at home or in the country1 out of doors or in1 alone or in company1 a variety of answers will be found4 ,no subject can be said to be exhausted2 but the book is perhaps large enough4 ,everything which it contains has been indexed so clearly that a reader ought to be able to find what he wants in a moment4 ,moreover1 by way both of supplying any deficiencies and of giving each copy of the book a personal character1 an appendix of blank and numbered leaves 7with a few spaces in the index7 has been added1 in which the owner may record such omitted games and employments as he has found good4 ,there are1 of course1 many fortunate girls and boys who do not require any help whatever1 who always know what to do now1 and do it4 ,for them some sections of this book may have little value4 ,it is for that greater number of less resourceful children who whenever time is before them really are in need of counsel and hints1 that it has been prepared4 ,,illustrations ,,full ,,page ,,illustrations ,a ,pueblo ,settlement ,frontispiece ,,facing ,,page ,outdoor ,games for ,girls #abh ,outdoor ,games for ,boys #ach ,playing ,alone #ahd ,in the ,country #bjb ,the ,library and ,furniture from ,the ,house that ,glue ,built #bdd ,a ,dutch ,house #bfd ,an ,esquimau ,sled #bff ,indian ,costumes #bff ,pets #cch ,reading #cfh ,,illustrations ,,in ,,text ,,page ,a ,trussed ,fowl #cg ,five ,dots #dh ,outlines #di ,drawing ,tricks #ea ,picture-,writing #eb-ec ,the ,last ,man ,surveying the ,ruins of the ,crystal ,palace #ef ,patience ,card #gf ,the ,dancing ,dwarf #ajf ,bean-,bag ,board #aad ,rope ,ring #aae ,the ,overhand ,knot #aag ,half-,hitch #aah ,figure of ,eight #aah ,common ,bend #aah ,sailor's ,knot #aah ,running ,noose #aai ,crossed ,running ,noose #aai ,bowline ,knot #aai ,dogshank #abj ,shuffle-,board #aba ,balancing ,tricks #abc ,the ,glass ,maker #abe ,electric ,dancers #abf ,daisy ,chain #ace ,ivy ,chain #ace ,hop-,scotch #add ,prisoner's ,base #aef ,tit-tat-toe #agf-agg ,hanging #agi-ahj ,chinese ,gambling #aha ,spanish ,cup #ahf ,cardboard ,box ,beds #bbc ,bead ,chair #bbc ,a ,doll's ,apartments #bbg ,cork ,arm-,chair #bbh ,chestnut ,chair #bbi ,fancy ,table #bcj ,match-,box ,bedstead #bca ,match-,box ,washstand #bcc ,towel ,rack #bcc ,clothes ,basket #bcd ,cardboard ,dolls' ,house #bci ,appearance of ,house ,when ,complete #bdj ,dog ,kennel #bda ,kitchen ,table #bdf ,kitchen ,range #bdg ,kitchen ,chair #bdg ,screen #bdh ,various ,pots and ,pans #bdh ,dining-,room ,table and ,cloth #bdi ,sideboard #bej ,sofa #bea ,arm-,chair #bea ,wooden ,bedstead #beb ,wardrobe #bec ,dressing ,table #bed ,washstand #bee ,rocking-,chair #bef ,towel ,rack #bef ,chair #bef ,child's ,high ,chair #beg ,child's ,cot #beg ,walking ,paper ,dolls #bei ,paper ,mother and ,child1 with ,clothes for ,each #bfj ,a ,paper ,girl with ,six ,changes #bfa ,shadows on the ,wall #bhj ,a ,cocked ,hat #bhd ,paper ,boats #bhe ,paper ,darts #bhf ,paper ,mats #bhf ,paper ,boxes #bhg ,a ,dancing ,man #bhi ,hand ,dragons #bij ,a ,kite #bic ,flying ,a ,kite #bid ,toy ,boats #bif-big ,a ,skipjack #cjj ,a ,water-,cutter #cjj ,,games ,,for ,a ,,party ,blind ,man's ,buff ,blind ,man's ,buff is one of the best1 oldest1 and simplest of games4 ,one player is blindfolded1 is turned round two or three times to confuse his ideas as to his position in the room1 and is then told to catch whom he can4 ,if he catches some one1 yet cannot tell who it is1 he must go on again as blind man2 but if he can tell who it is1 that person is blindfolded instead4 ,where there is a fireplace1 or where the furniture has sharp corners1 it is rather a good thing for some one not playing to be on the lookout to protect the blind man4 ,sometimes there are two blind men1 who add to the fun by occasionally catching each other4 ,but this is rather dangerous4 ,there is also a game called ,jinglers where every one is blind except one player with a bell1 whom it is their object to catch4 ,but this is more dangerous still4 ,a good variety of ,blind ,man's ,buff is the silent one4 ,directly the man is blindfolded1 and before he begins to seek1 all the players take up positions in corners1 on chairs1 or wherever they think most prudent1 and there they must stop without making a sound4 ,the task for the blind man is thus not catching the others1 but1 on finding them1 deciding upon who they are4 ,as chuckling or giggling is more likely to tell him than his sense of touch1 it is tremendously important to make no noise if you can help it4 ,sometimes this game is played 7without any standing on chairs7 by a blind man armed with two spoons1 with which he feels the features of those whom he runs against4 ,in this case it is practically impossible to avoid laughing4 ,the sensation produced by the bowls of two spoons being passed over the face in the attempt to recognize its owner is overwhelming4 ,french ,blind ,man's ,buff ,in ,french ,blind ,man's ,buff the hands of the blind man are tied behind his back and his eyes are left uncovered4 ,he has therefore to back on to the players before he can catch them1 which increases his difficulties4 ,blind ,man's ,wand ,here the blind man has a stick1 one end of which is grasped by the other players in turn4 ,the blind man puts three questions to each player1 and his aim is to recognize by the voice who it is that replies4 ,the aim of the players1 therefore1 is to disguise their voices as much as possible4 ,sometimes1 instead of merely asking questions1 the blind man instructs the holder of the wand to imitate some animal--a cock or a donkey1 for example4 ,steps ,the player who is blindfolded is first placed in the middle4 ,the others walk from him to various positions all around1 carefully measuring the number of steps 7long or short7 which take them there4 ,the blind man is then told how many steps will bring him to a certain player1 and he has to guess the direction toward him1 and the length of step4 ,this player1 if found1 becomes blind man4 ,still ,pond6 ,no ,more ,moving ,the player who is blindfolded is placed in the middle and all the other players touch him4 ,he counts out loud as rapidly as possible up to ten1 during which time the players rush as far away from him as possible4 ,directly he reaches ten he cries out ,still ,pond6 ,no more moving6 and the players must stand perfectly still4 ,he then says you may have three steps1 or any number beyond three which he wishes to give4 ,the players save these steps until he comes dangerously near them and then try and use them to the best possible advantage1 to escape4 ,it is not a step if one foot remains in the same place4 ,after a player is caught and identified by the one who is it he in turn is blindfolded4 ,shadow ,buff ,a sheet is stretched across the room4 ,one player stands on one side1 and the rest1 who remain on the other1 pass one by one between the sheet and the candle which throws their shadows upon it4 ,the aim of the single player is to put right names to the shadows on the sheet1 and the aim of the others is1 by performing antics1 to keep him from recognizing them4 ,if it is not convenient to use both sides of a sheet1 the single player may sit on a hassock close to it with his back to the others1 while they pass between his hassock and the candle4 ,the ,donkey's ,tail ,a good-sized donkey without a tail is cut out of brown paper and fixed on a screen or on a sheet hung across the room4 ,the tail is cut out separately and a hat-pin is put through that end of it which comes nearest the body4 ,each player in turn then holds the tail by the pin1 shuts his eyes honestly1 and1 advancing to the donkey1 pins the tail in what he believes to be the right place4 ,the fun lies in his mistake4 ,the ,blind ,feeding the ,blind ,this is boisterous and rather messy1 but it has many supporters4 ,two players are blindfolded and seated on the floor opposite one another4 ,they are each given a dessert-spoonful of sugar or flour and are told to feed each other4 ,it is well to put a sheet on the floor and to tie a towel or apron round the necks of the players4 ,the fun belongs chiefly to the spectators4 ,deer ,stalking ,this is a game in which only two players take part1 but it is exciting to watch4 ,both ,deer and ,stalker are blindfolded4 ,they are then placed at opposite ends of a large table1 and at a given moment begin to move round it4 ,the stalker's business is1 of course1 to catch the deer1 and the deer's to avoid it2 but neither must run out into the room4 ,absolute silence should be kept both by the audience and players1 and if felt slippers can be worn by the deer and its stalker1 so much the better4 ,blowing ,out the ,candle ,a very funny blind game4 ,a candle is lighted and placed in position about the height of a person's head4 ,a player is then placed a few feet from it1 facing it1 and1 after being blindfolded and turned round three times1 is told to take so many paces 7however many it may be7 and blow the candle out4 ,apple-,snapping ,another amusing blind game to watch is apple-snapping4 ,an apple is hung from a string in the middle of the room about the height of the blind man's head4 ,the blind man's hands are then tied1 or he holds them strictly behind him1 and he has to bite the apple4 ,the same game can be played without blindfolding1 but in that case it requires two players with their hands fixed behind them1 each trying to bite the apple4 ,bag and ,stick ,a good blind game for a ,christmas party is ,bag and ,stick4 ,a fair-sized paper bag is filled with candy and hung from a string in the middle of the room4 ,a player is then blindfolded1 turned round three times1 given a stick1 and told he may have one1 two1 or three shots at the bag1 whichever it may be4 ,if he misses it1 another one tries1 and so on2 but if he hits it the bag breaks1 the candy covers the floor1 and the party scramble for it4 ,puss in the ,corner ,each player save one takes a corner4 ,the other1 who is the puss1 stands in the middle4 ,the game begins by one corner player beckoning to another to change places4 ,their object is to get safely into each other's corner before the cat can4 ,puss's aim is to find a corner unprotected4 ,if she does so1 the player who has just left it1 or the player who was hoping to be in it1 becomes puss1 according to whether or not they have crossed on their journey4 ,hunt the ,slipper ,the players sit in a circle on the floor1 with their knees a little gathered up4 ,one stands in the middle with a slipper1 and the game is begun by this one handing the slipper to a player in the circle1 with the remark-- ,cobbler1 cobbler1 mend my shoe1 ,get it done by half-past two1 and then retiring from the circle for a few moments4 ,the player to whom it was handed at once passes it on1 so that when the owner of the slipper returns and demands her property again it cannot be found4 ,with the hunt that then sets in the fun begins2 the object of every player in the circle being to keep the player in the middle from seeing the slipper1 from getting hold of it1 or from knowing where it is1 as it rapidly travels under the knees of the players here and there in the circle4 ,now and then1 if the seeker is badly mystified1 the slipper may be tossed across the circle4 ,the player in whose possession it is when at last secured changes place with the one in the middle4 ,other handy things will do quite as well as a slipper1 but something fairly large should be chosen1 or discovery may take too long2 and it ought to be soft in texture1 or there may be bruises4 ,the ,whistle ,this is partly a trick4 ,a player who does not know the game is put in the middle of the ring1 round which a whistle is moving in the way that the slipper moves in ,hunt the ,slipper4 ,the object of the player in the middle is to discover the person who blew the whistle last4 ,meanwhile some one skilfully fixes another whistle on a string to the player's back1 and that is the whistle which is really blown4 ,as it must always be behind him when it is blown1 nothing but the twitching of the string is likely to help him to discover the blower 7and the trick72 and in a small circle where every one is moving and laughing it takes some time to notice the twitching at all4 ,he ,can ,do ,little ,who ,can't ,do ,this ,this is partly a trick4 ,the leader takes a cane in his left hand1 thumps on the floor several times1 and passes it to a player saying1 ,he can do little who can't do this4 ,the player tries to imitate him exactly1 but if he takes the cane in his right hand he is wrong1 the leader says1 ,you can do little1 you can't do this1 and hands the cane to the next player4 ,the game goes on until every one has guessed that it is not the thumps which are to be imitated1 but the holding the cane in the left hand4 ,thimble ,this is a very good game4 ,all the company leave the room save one4 ,he stays behind with a thimble1 which he has to place in some position1 where1 though it is in sight1 it will be difficult to discover4 ,it may be high or low1 on the floor or on the mantelpiece1 but it must be visible4 ,the company then return and begin to look for it4 ,as the players find it they sit down1 but it is more fun to do this very craftily and not at once1 lest a hint be given as to the article's whereabouts4 ,when every one has found it1 or when a long enough time has been passed in looking for it1 the thimble is hidden again1 this time by the player who found it first4 ,the game sounds easy1 but it can be very difficult and very exciting1 every one at the beginning of each search wishing to be first1 and at the end wishing not to be last4 ,players often stand right over the thimble1 staring directly at it1 and still do not see it4 ,magic ,music ,one player goes out4 ,the others then hide something for him to find1 or decide upon some simple action for him to perform1 such as standing on a chair4 ,when he is called in1 one of the company seats herself at the piano and directs his movements by the tone of the music4 ,if he is far from the object hidden the music is very low2 as he gets nearer and nearer it becomes louder and louder4 ,hot and ,cold ,the same game is played under the name of ,hot and ,cold4 ,in this case the player is directed by words2 as he gets nearer and nearer the object he becomes warm1 hot1 very hot1 burning2 when quite off the scent he is cold4 ,the ,jolly ,miller ,the one who shall be it is decided upon by counting out 7see page #acd71 and he takes his place in the middle of the room4 ,the others1 arm in arm1 walk around him in couples1 singing1 ,there was a jolly miller who lived by himself4 ,as the wheel went around he made his wealth2 ,one hand on the hopper and the other on the bag3 ,as the wheel went around he made his grab4 ,at ,grab1 every one must change partners1 and the one in the middle tries to be quick enough to get one himself4 ,if he does1 the one left alone must take his place in the middle and be the ,jolly ,miller4 ,going to ,jerusalem ,some one sits at the piano1 and a long row of chairs is made down the middle of the room1 either back to back1 or back and front alternately4 ,there must be one chair fewer than the number of players4 ,when all is ready the music begins and the players march round the chairs in a long line4 ,suddenly the music stops1 and directly it does so every one tries to sit down4 ,as there is one player too many some one must necessarily be left without a chair4 ,that player has therefore to leave the game1 another chair is taken away1 and the music begins again4 ,so on to the end1 a chair and a player going after each round4 ,the winner of the game is the one who1 when only one chair is left1 gets it4 ,it is against the rules to move the chairs4 ,a piano1 it ought to be pointed out1 is not absolutely necessary4 ,any form of music will do2 or if there is no instrument some one may sing1 or read aloud4 ,but a piano is best1 and the pianist ought now and then to pretend to stop1 because this makes it more exciting for the players4 ,stir the ,mash ,this is another variety of ,going to ,jerusalem4 ,the chairs are placed against the wall in a row1 one fewer than the players4 ,one of the players sits down in the middle of the room with a stick and pretends to be stirring a bowl of mash with it1 while the others march round crying1 ,stir the mash1 stir the mash4 ,suddenly the player with the stick knocks three times on the floor1 which is the signal for running for the chairs1 and1 leaping up1 runs for them too4 ,the one who does not get a chair has to stir the mash next4 ,caterpillar ,a circle of chairs is made1 and all the players but one sit on them4 ,this player stands in the middle and his chair is left empty4 ,the game consists in his efforts to sit down in the empty chair and the others' attempts to stop him by continually moving one way or the other1 so that the empty chair may this moment be on one side of the ring and the next on the other4 ,honey-,pots ,this is a game for several little players and two stronger ones4 ,the little ones are the honey-pots1 and the others the honey-seller and honey-buyer4 ,the honey-pots sit in a row with their knees gathered up and their hands locked together under them4 ,the honey-buyer comes to look at them1 asking the honey-seller how much they are and how much they weigh2 and these two take hold of the pots by the arms1 one on each side1 and weigh them by swinging them up and down 7that is why the hands have to be tightly locked under the knees74 ,then the buyer says he will have them1 and the seller and he carry them to the other end of the room together4 ,once there the seller returns1 but quickly comes running back in alarm because he has missed his own little girl 7or boy71 and he fancies she must be in one of the honey-pots4 ,the buyer assures him that he is mistaken1 and tells him to taste them and see for himself that they are only honey4 ,so the seller goes from one to the other1 placing his hand on their heads and pretending to taste honey1 until at last1 coming to the one he has marked down1 he exclaims1 ,dear me1 this tastes just like my little girl4 ,at these words the little girl in question jumps up and runs away1 and all the other honey-pots run away too4 ,nuts in ,may ,the players stand in two rows1 facing each other and holding hands4 ,a line is drawn on the carpet 7or ground7 between them4 ,one row then step toward the other1 singing-- ,here we come gathering nuts in ,may1 nuts in ,may1 nuts in ,may1 ,here we come gathering nuts in ,may1 on a cold and frosty morning4 ,they then fall back and the other row advance to them singing in reply-- ,pray1 who will you gather for nuts in ,may1 nuts in ,may1 nuts in ,may8 ,pray1 who will you gather for nuts in ,may1 on a cold and frosty morning8 ,the first row1 after settling on the particular player on the opposite side that they want1 reply thus-- ,we'll gather ,phyllis for nuts in ,may1 nuts in ,may1 nuts in ,may1 ,we'll gather ,phyllis for nuts in ,may1 on a cold and frosty morning4 ,the other row then ask-- ,pray1 who will you send to fetch her away1 fetch her away1 fetch her away8 ,pray1 who will you send to fetch her away1 on a cold and frosty morning8 ,the answer perhaps is-- ,we're sending ,arthur to fetch her away1 fetch her away1 fetch her away1 ,we're sending ,arthur to fetch her away1 on a cold and frosty morning4 ,arthur then steps up to the line on one side and ,phyllis on the other1 and each tries to pull the other over it4 ,the one that loses has to join the other row1 and the singing begins again4 ,old ,soldier ,all the players1 except one1 stand in a line4 ,the other1 who is the old soldier1 then totters up to the end player1 saying-- ,here comes an old soldier from ,botany ,bay2 ,pray1 what have you got to give him to-day8 ,the player must then say what she will give him1 but in doing so must not use the words yes1 no1 black1 white or scarlet4 ,the old soldier's object is to try and coax one of these words out of her1 and he may ask any question he likes in order to do so4 ,a mistake usually means a forfeit4 ,my ,lady's ,clothes ,a color-barred game for girls is ,my ,lady's ,clothes or ,dressing the ,lady4 ,the players first decide on what colors shall be forbidden1 perhaps blue1 black1 and pink4 ,the first one then asks the next1 ,how shall my lady be dressed for the ball8 and the answer must contain no mention of these colors4 ,this question goes round the ring1 no article being allowed to be mentioned twice4 ,here ,i ,bake ,one player stands in the middle4 ,the others join hands and surround her1 their aim being to prevent her from getting out of the ring4 ,she then passes round the ring touching the hands1 at the first hands saying ,here ,i bake1 at the second ,here ,i brew1 at the third ,here ,i make my wedding-cake1 and at the next ,and here ,i mean to break through4 ,with these last words she makes a dash to carry out the threat4 ,if she succeeds1 the player whose hand gave way first takes her place in the middle4 ,otherwise she must persevere until the ring is broken4 ,the ,cobbler ,the cobbler sits in the middle on a stool or hassock1 and the others join hands and dance round him4 ,now then1 customers1 says the cobbler1 let me try on your shoes1 and at the same time--but without leaving his seat--makes a dash for some one's feet4 ,the aim of the others is to avoid being caught4 ,whoever is caught becomes cobbler4 ,cushion ,the name of this game dates from the period when stiff cylinder-shaped horsehair sofa-cushions were commoner than they are now4 ,one of these is placed in the middle of the room and the players join hands and dance round it1 the object of each one being to make one of his neighbors knock the cushion over and to avoid knocking it over himself4 ,whoever does knock it down leaves the ring1 until at last there are only two striving with each other4 ,a hearth-brush1 if it can be persuaded to stand up1 makes a good substitute for a cushion4 ,it also makes the game more difficult1 being so very sensitive to touch4 ,the ,day's ,shopping ,the players sit in a ring1 and the game is begun by one saying to the next1 ,i've just come back from shopping4 ,yes1 is the reply1 and what have you bought8 ,the first speaker has then to name some article which1 without leaving her seat1 she can touch1 such as a pair of boots1 a necktie1 a watch-chain1 a bracelet4 ,having done so1 the next player takes up the character of the shopper1 and so on round the ring4 ,no article must1 however1 be named twice1 which means that when the game has gone on for a round or two the answers become very difficult to find4 ,clap ,in1 ,clap ,out ,half the players go out1 and the others stay in and arrange the chairs in a line so that there is an empty one next to every person4 ,each then chooses which of the others he will have to occupy the adjoining chair1 and when this is settled some one tells the outside party that they can begin4 ,one of them then comes in and takes the chair for which he thinks it most likely that he has been chosen4 ,if he is right1 everybody claps and he stays there4 ,but if wrong1 everybody hisses and he has to go out again4 ,another player then comes in1 and so on until all the chairs are filled4 ,neighbors ,an extension of this game is ,neighbors4 ,in ,neighbors half the company are blindfolded1 and are seated with an empty chair on the right hand of each4 ,at a given signal all the other players occupy these empty chairs1 as mysteriously as they can1 and straightway begin to sing1 either all to a tune played on the piano or independently4 ,the object of the blind players is to find out1 entirely by the use of the ear1 who it is that is seated on their right4 ,those that guess correctly are unbandaged1 and their places are taken by the players whose names they guessed4 ,the others continue blindfolded until they guess rightly4 ,one guess only is allowed each time4 ,oranges and ,lemons1 or ,london ,bridge is ,falling ,down ,this pleasant old game begins by two of the older or taller players--one being ,oranges and the other ,lemons--taking places opposite each other and joining their hands high1 thus making an arch for the rest to pass under in a long line4 ,the procession then starts1 each one holding the one in front by the coat or dress4 ,as the procession moves along1 the two players forming the arch repeat or chant these lines3-- ,oranges and lemons1 ,say the bells of ,st4 ,clement's4 ,you owe me five farthings1 ,say the bells of ,st4 ,martin's4 ,when will you pay me8 ,say the bells of ,old ,bailey4 ,when ,i grow rich1 ,say the bells of ,shoreditch4 ,when will that be8 ,say the bells of ,stepney4 ,i do not know1 ,says the great bell of ,bow4 ,here comes a candle to light you to bed1 ,and here comes a chopper to chop off the last man's head4 ,with these final words the arch-players lower their arms and catch the head of the last of the procession4 ,in order that the arrival of the end of the procession and the end of the verses shall come together1 the last line can be lengthened like this-- ,and here comes a chopper to chop off the last--last--last--last man's head4 ,another shorter verse which is often sung is1 ,london ,bridge is falling down1 falling down1 falling down1 ,london ,bridge is falling down4 ,my fair lady4 ,in this case the two players who make the arch with their arms can choose any eatables they like--ice cream and oysters4 ,the players who are caught are asked which they prefer and their places are back of the one representing their choice4 ,the captured player is then asked in a whisper which he will be1 oranges or lemons8 and if he says oranges1 is placed accordingly behind that one of his capturers who is to have the oranges on his side4 ,the procession and the rhyme begin again1 and so on until all are caught and are ranged on their respective sides4 ,then a handkerchief is placed on the floor between the captains of the oranges and the lemons1 and both sides pull1 as in the ,tug of ,war 7page #ch71 until one side is pulled over the handkerchief4 ,general ,post ,the players sit round the room in a large circle1 and1 after appointing a postmaster to write down their names and call out the changes1 choose each a town4 ,one player is then blindfolded and placed in the middle4 ,the game begins when the postmaster calls out the first journey1 thus1 ,the post is going from ,putney to ,hongkong4 ,the player who has chosen ,putney and the player who has chosen ,hongkong must then change places without being caught by the blind man1 or without letting him get into either of their chairs first4 ,otherwise the player who is caught1 or who ought to be in that chair1 becomes the blind man4 ,every now and then ,general ,post is called1 when all the players have to change seats at the same time2 and this gives the blind man an excellent chance4 ,spin the ,platter ,a tin plate1 to serve as platter1 is placed in the middle of the room4 ,the players sit round it in a large circle1 each choosing either a number by which to be known1 or the name of a town4 ,the game is begun by one player taking up the plate1 spinning it1 calling out a number or town belonging to another1 and hurrying back to his place4 ,the one called has to spring up and reach the plate before it falls1 and1 giving it a fresh spin1 call some one else4 ,so it goes on4 ,on paper there seems to be little in it1 but in actual play the game is good on account of the difficulty of quite realizing that it is one's own borrowed name that has been called4 ,kitchen ,utensils ,this is a variety of ,spin the platter4 ,the players sit in a ring and choose each the name of some kitchen utensil or something used in cooking1 such as meat-chopper or raisins4 ,one player then goes in the middle with a bunched-up handkerchief1 and this he throws at some one1 at the same time trying to say the name of that some one's kitchen utensil three times before that some one can say it once4 ,if1 as very often happens1 the player at whom the handkerchief is thrown is so completely bewildered as to have lost the power of speech or memory until it is too late1 he must change places with the one in the middle4 ,up ,jenkins ,the players sit on opposite sides of a table1 or in two opposite rows of chairs with a cloth spread over their laps4 ,a quarter or dime or other small object is then passed about among the hands of one of the sides under the table or cloth4 ,at the word ,up ,jenkins6 called by the other side all these hands tightly clenched must be at once placed in view on the table or the cloth4 ,the first player on the other side then carefully scans the faces of his opponents to see if any one bears an expression which seems to betray his possession of the quarter1 and1 having made up his mind1 reaches over and touches the hand in which he hopes the quarter is1 saying1 ,tip it4 ,the hand is then opened4 ,if the guess is right the guessing side take the quarter and hide it4 ,if wrong1 the same side hide it again1 and the second player on the guessing side tries his luck at discovering its whereabouts4 ,a score is decided on before the game begins1 and the winning side is that which make the fewest number of wrong guesses4 ,another way to play ,up ,jenkins is to have the players1 equally divided1 sit opposite each other at a table4 ,a quarter is then passed along under the table by one side or team4 ,at the command ,up ,jenkins1 given by the captain of the other side1 chosen beforehand1 all the players on the side having the coin must lift their hands above the table2 and at the command ,down ,jenkins1 also given by the captain1 all the hands must be brought down flat on the table4 ,the greater the bang with which this is done1 the less chance of detecting the sound of the metal striking the table4 ,the captain then orders the players to raise their hands one by one1 his object being to leave the coin in the last hand4 ,if he succeeds1 his side takes the coin2 if he fails1 the other side score the number of hands still left on the table1 and again hide the coin4 ,another person then becomes captain4 ,if the coin can be spotted in a certain hand1 either by sight or sound1 before a hand has been removed1 it has to be forfeited1 and the side that wins it adds double the number of hands of the other side to their score4 ,if it is spotted and is not in that hand1 the side still retains the coin1 and also score double the number of hands4 ,if anybody obeys any one else but the captain1 in raising1 lowering or removing his hands1 his side loses the coin1 no matter who holds it1 but neither side scores4 ,hunt the ,ring ,all the players but one form a circle1 with their hands on a piece of string on which a ring has been threaded4 ,the other player stands in the middle of the circle4 ,the ring is then hurried up and down the string from end to end1 the object being to keep its whereabouts hidden from the other player4 ,lady ,queen ,anne ,in this game1 which is usually played by girls1 one player hides her eyes1 while the others1 who are sitting in a row1 pass a ball from one to another until it is settled who shall keep it4 ,this done1 they all hide their hands in their laps1 as if each one had it2 and the other player is called1 her aim being to discover in whose hands the ball is hidden4 ,she examines the faces of the others very closely until she makes up her mind which one probably has the ball1 and then addresses that one thus-- ,lady ,queen ,anne1 she sits in the sun1 ,as fair as a lily1 as brown as a bun1 ,she sends you three letters and prays you'll read one4 ,to this the player replies-- ,i cannot read one unless ,i read all2 and the seeker answers-- ,then pray1 ,miss whatever the name is1 deliver the ball4 ,if the ball really is with this player1 the seeker and she change places1 but otherwise the seeker hides her eyes again and the ball changes hands 7or not74 ,and so on until it is found4 ,another way is for sides to be taken1 one consisting of ,queen ,anne and her maids and the other of gipsies4 ,the gipsies have the ball first1 and1 having hidden it1 they advance in a line toward ,queen ,anne1 each holding up her skirts as if the ball were there1 singing-- ,lady ,queen ,anne1 she sits in the sun1 ,as fair as a lily1 as brown as a bun4 ,king ,john has sent you letters three1 ,and begs you'll read one unto me4 ,lady ,queen ,anne and her maids reply-- ,we cannot read one unless we read all1 ,so pray1 ,miss whatever the name of the player chosen may be1 deliver the ball4 ,if they have hit upon the right player she goes over to ,queen ,anne's side4 ,but if not1 the gipsies sing-- ,the ball is mine1 it is not thine1 ,so you1 proud ,queen1 sit still on your throne1 ,while we poor gipsies go and come4 ,they then turn round and hide the ball again4 ,the ,feather ,a very exhausting game4 ,the players sit round a table and form sides1 one half against the other1 and a little fluffy feather is placed in the middle4 ,the aim of each side is to blow the feather so that it settles in the other camp1 and to keep it from settling in their own4 ,the same game can be played with a marble on a table from which the table-cloth has been removed4 ,in this case you all sink your faces to the level of the table4 ,russian ,scandal1 or ,gossip ,the players sit in a long line or ring4 ,the first1 turning to the second1 whispers very rapidly some remark or a brief story4 ,the second1 who may hear it distinctly1 but probably does not1 then whispers it as exactly as he can to the third player2 and so on until the line is finished4 ,the last player then whispers it to the first player2 and the first player repeats his original remark to the company1 and follows it with the form in which it has just reached him4 ,advertisements ,all the players sit in a ring1 except one1 who stands in the middle holding a soft cushion4 ,this he throws at any one of the players and begins to count ten4 ,the person at whom the cushion was thrown must call out the words of a well-known advertisement before ten is reached4 ,if he fails he must pay a forfeit4 ,judge and ,jury ,the players1 or jury1 form up in two rows facing each other4 ,the judge sits at one end1 or passes between the two lines1 and asks his questions4 ,these may be of any description4 ,perhaps he will say1 ,miss ,a1 do you think it will rain to-morrow8 ,now although the judge addresses ,miss ,a and looks at her1 it is not she who must answer but the player opposite to her4 ,and he in his answer is not allowed to say either ,yes1 ,no1 ,black1 ,white1 or ,gray4 ,if the player who was addressed answers she becomes judge and the judge takes her seat2 or if the opposite player does not answer before the judge has counted ten he becomes judge and the judge takes his seat4 ,cross ,questions ,the players sit in a circle1 and the game begins by one player turning to the next and asking a question4 ,perhaps it will be1 ,did you get very wet this evening8 ,the answer may be1 ,fortunately ,i had a mackintosh4 ,the second player then asks the third1 and so on round the circle until it comes to the first player's turn to be asked a question by the last one4 ,perhaps this question will be1 ,i hope your cousin is better8 ,all these questions and answers have to be very carefully remembered1 because on the circle being complete each player in turn has to repeat the question which was put to her and the answer which she received to the question which she herself put4 ,thus in the present instance the first player would announce that the question was1 ,i hope your cousin is better8 and the answer1 ,fortunately ,i had a mackintosh4 ,another variety of cross question is played as follows4 ,the company is divided into two parts1 and stand facing each other4 ,a leader is chosen for each side1 one to give the questions and one to give the answers4 ,one goes down his side giving to each player in a whisper some serious question which he must ask of his opposite in the other line4 ,the other leader whispers to each of his players an absurd answer4 ,then the play begins4 ,the first in line asks his opponent his question and receives the absurd answer three times4 ,if either of them smile he is put out of the game4 ,the person who can keep a straight face to the last1 wins the prize4 ,after the whole line has asked and answered the first set of questions1 the first couple become the leaders1 and propound two other sets of questions and answers4 ,and so on until only two are left4 ,ruth and ,jacob ,one player has his eyes blinded and stands in a circle made by the other players4 ,they dance silently around him until he points at one1 who must then enter the circle and try to avoid being caught by the blind man4 ,the pursuer calls out from time to time ,ruth6 to which the pursued must always answer at once ,jacob6 at the same time trying to dodge quickly enough to escape the other's immediate rush to the spot4 ,after the ,ruth is caught1 the ,jacob must guess who it is and if he guesses right1 the ,ruth is blindfolded and becomes the ,jacob1 and the game begins anew4 ,fly ,away6 ,the player who is chosen as leader sits down and places the first finger of her right hand on her knee4 ,the others crowd round her and also place the first finger of their right hands on her knee1 close to hers4 ,the game is for the leader to raise her finger suddenly1 saying1 ,fly away something4 ,if that something is not capable of flight the other fingers must not move1 but if it can fly they must rise also4 ,thus1 ,fly away1 thrush6 ,fly away1 pigeon6 ,fly away1 butterfly6 should cause all the fingers to spring up4 ,but of ,fly away1 omnibus6 ,fly away1 cat6 ,fly away1 pig6 no notice should be taken4 ,the game is1 of course1 to catch players napping4 ,hold ,fast6 ,let ,go6 ,this is a very confusing game of contraries for five players4 ,four of them hold each the corner of a handkerchief4 ,the other1 who stands by to give orders1 then shouts either ,let go6 or ,hold fast6 ,when ,let go6 is called1 the handkerchief must be held as firmly as ever2 but when ,hold fast6 it must be dropped4 ,the commands should be given quickly and now and then repeated to add to the anxiety of the other players4 ,the ,sergeant ,in this game one player represents a sergeant and the others are soldiers whom he is drilling4 ,when he makes an action and says ,do this the others have to imitate him2 but if he says ,do that they must take no notice4 ,simon ,says ,thumbs ,up ,the players sit about on the floor or on chairs1 each holding out on his knee his clenched fist with the thumb sticking straight up4 ,one player calls out ,simon says thumbs down4 ,all the thumbs must be instantly reversed4 ,then he tries to confuse them by alternating between up and down for some time until they all get into the way of expecting the change1 and then he gives the same order twice in succession4 ,those who make a mistake pay a forfeit4 ,if he calls out simply ,thumbs up or ,thumbs down no attention must be paid to this order as a forfeit is taken4 ,the orders are sometimes varied by the command ,simon says wig-wag6 when all the thumbs must be waggled to and fro4 ,the ,grand ,mufti ,a somewhat similar game of contraries is ,the ,grand ,mufti4 ,the player personating the ,grand ,mufti stands in the middle or on a chair1 and performs whatever action he likes with his hands1 arms1 head1 and legs4 ,with each movement he says1 ,thus does the ,grand ,mufti1 or1 ,so does the ,grand ,mufti4 ,when it is ,thus does the ,grand ,mufti the other players must imitate his movement2 but when it is ,so does the ,grand ,mufti they must take no notice4 ,any mistakes may lead to forfeits4 ,the ,mandarins ,there is no contrariness about ,the ,mandarins4 ,the players sit in a circle1 and the game is begun by one of them remarking to the next1 ,my ship has come home from ,china4 ,the answer is ,yes1 and what has it brought8 ,the first player replies1 ,a fan1 and begins to fan herself with her right hand4 ,all the players must copy her4 ,the second player then turns to the third 7all still fanning7 and remarks1 ,my ship has come home from ,china4 ,yes1 and what has it brought8 ,two fans4 ,all the players then fan themselves with both hands4 ,the third player1 to the fourth 7all still fanning71 ,my ship has come home from ,china4 ,yes1 and what has it brought8 ,three fans4 ,all the players then add a nodding head to their other movements4 ,and so on1 until when ,nine fans is reached1 heads1 eyes1 mouth1 hands1 feet and body are all moving4 ,the answers and movements of this game may be varied4 ,thus the second answer to the question ,and what has it brought might be ,a bicycle1 when the feet of all the players would have to move as if working pedals2 the third answer could be a snuff-box1 which should set all the players sneezing2 and so on4 ,a typewriter1 a piano1 a barrel-organ1 a football1 would vary the game4 ,buff ,this test of self-control is rather a favorite2 but it is not so much a game as a means of distributing forfeits4 ,the players sit in a circle4 ,one then stands up and1 holding out a stick1 repeats these lines-- ,buff says ,buff to all his men1 ,and ,i say ,buff to you again4 ,buff never laughs1 ,buff never smiles1 ,in spite of all your cunning wiles1 ,but carries his face ,with a very good grace1 ,and passes his stick to the very next place4 ,this must be said without laughing or smiling4 ,each player in turn holds the stick and repeats the verses1 those that laugh or smile having1 when it is over1 to pay a forfeit4 ,the ,ditto ,game ,this is another game in which laughter is forbidden4 ,the players sit close together in a silent circle4 ,whatever the leader does the others have to do1 but without smile or sound4 ,perhaps the leader will begin by pulling the next player's hair1 and pass on to pat her cheek1 or prod her sides1 or pinch her nose4 ,statues ,another trial of composure4 ,the players choose what positions they will and become as still and as silent as statues4 ,one player is judge4 ,it is his business to try and make the statues laugh4 ,all who laugh pay forfeits2 but the one who keeps his face grave longest becomes ,judge4 ,laughter ,laughter is just the opposite4 ,the company sit in a circle and the game is begun by one throwing a handkerchief into the air4 ,immediately this is done every one must begin to laugh and continue to laugh until the handkerchief touches the ground4 ,they must then stop or leave the circle4 ,gradually all will leave but one1 who must then perform by himself1 if he is willing4 ,the ,concerted ,sneeze ,one third of the company agree to say ,hish all together at a given signal1 another third agree to say ,hash1 and the rest agree to say ,hosh4 ,the word of command is then given1 and the result is the sound as of a tremendous sneeze4 ,bingo ,in ,bingo the players begin by joining hands and marching round1 singing-- ,there was a farmer had a dog ,his name was ,bobby ,bingo ,o4 ,b1 ,i1 ,n1 ,g1 ,o1 ,b1 ,i1 ,n1 ,g1 ,o1 ,b1 ,i1 ,n1 ,g1 ,o1 ,and ,bingo was his name ,o6 ,the players then loose hands1 the girls go inside the ring and stand there1 and the boys run round them singing the rhyme again4 ,then the boys go inside and the girls run round them and sing it4 ,and then hands are taken once more and all go round in the original circle singing it a fourth time4 ,if no boys are playing1 the girls should arrange1 before the game begins1 which shall personate them4 ,robin's ,alive ,a good game for the fireside is ,robin's ,alive4 ,there are so few children nowadays who have fireplaces that this can be modified so that it is a good evening game for any quiet group of children4 ,some one lights a piece of twisted paper or a stick of wood1 twirls it rapidly in the air to keep it burning and says1 as fast as he can1 ,robin's alive1 and alive he shall be ,if he dies in my hand you may back-saddle me1 and at once passes the paper on to the next player who in turn recites the verse4 ,the one in whose hand it finally goes out is back-saddled in this way4 ,he lies down on the floor and the others pile cushions and chairs and books on him while he repeats1 ,rocks and stones and the old horse's bones ,all this and more you may pile upon me4 ,the ,mulberry ,bush ,the players join hands and go round and round in a ring1 singing-- ,here we go round the mulberry bush1 the mulberry bush1 the mulberry bush1 ,here we go round the mulberry bush ,on a fine and frosty morning4 ,they then let go hands and sing-- ,this is the way we wash our clothes1 wash our clothes1 wash our clothes1 ,this is the way we wash our clothes ,on a fine and frosty morning1 and as they sing they pretend to be washing4 ,after the verse is done they join hands again and dance round to the singing of the mulberry bush chorus again1 and so on after each verse4 ,the other verses are-- 7#b7 ,this is the way we iron our clothes4 7#c7 ,this is the way we wash our face4 7#d7 ,this is the way we comb our hair4 7#e7 ,this is the way we go to school 7very sadly74 7#f7 ,this is the way we learn our book4 7#g7 ,this is the way we sew our seams4 ,and lastly and very gaily-- 7#h7 ,this is the way we come from school1 and then the chorus comes again1 and the game is done4 ,looby1 ,looby ,this is another of the old country games in which the players all have to do the same things4 ,they first join hands and dance round1 singing-- ,here we dance ,looby1 looby1 ,here we dance ,looby light1 ,here we dance ,looby1 looby1 ,all on a ,saturday night4 ,then1 letting go of hands and standing still1 they sing-- ,put your right hands in1 ,put your right hands out1 ,shake them and shake them a little1 ,and turn yourselves about1 and at the same time they do what the song directs4 ,then the dance and chorus again1 and then the next verse1 and so on4 ,this is the order-- 7#b7 ,put your left hands in4 7#c7 ,put your right feet in4 7#d7 ,put your left feet in4 7#e7 ,put your noddles in4 ,and finally-- ,put your bodies in1 ,put your bodies out1 ,shake them and shake them a little1 ,and turn yourselves about4 ,orchestra ,an ear-splitting game that is always great fun4 ,the players stand in rows before the leader or conductor1 who sings a verse from any well-known nonsense or other song4 ,then he says1 pointing to one of the players1 and the first violin played this simple melody1 whereupon the two sing the verse over again1 the player imitating with his arms the movements of a violin player1 and with his voice the sound of a squeaking fiddle4 ,then the conductor says1 pointing to another player1 and the big trombone played this simple melody4 ,then the three sing together1 the second player imitating the sound of a trombone and the appearance of a trombone player4 ,this is continued until every one is playing on an imaginary instrument1 the conductor1 of course1 being the only one who sings the words of the song4 ,a ,good ,fat ,hen ,a nonsensical game1 useful in leading to forfeits4 ,the company sit in a row1 and one of the end players begins by saying1 ,a good fat hen4 ,each of the others in turn must then say1 ,a good fat hen4 ,the first player then says1 ,two ducks and a good fat hen1 and the words pass down the line4 ,then ,three squawking wild geese1 two ducks1 and a good fat hen4 ,and so on until the end is reached1 in the following order-- ,fourth round4--,prefix3 ,four plump partridges4 ,fifth round4-- ,five pouting pigeons4 ,sixth round4-- ,six long-legged cranes4 ,seventh round4-- ,seven green parrots4 ,eighth round4-- ,eight screeching owls4 ,ninth round4-- ,nine ugly turkey-buzzards4 ,tenth round4-- ,ten bald eagles4 ,the sentence has now reached a very difficult length3--,ten bald eagles1 nine ugly turkey-buzzards1 eight screeching owls1 seven green parrots1 six long-legged cranes1 five pouting pigeons1 four plump partridges1 three squawking wild geese1 two ducks and a good fat hen4 ,any one making a mistake may be made to pay a forfeit4 ,john ,ball ,the same game may be played also with ,the ,house that ,jack ,built1 and there are other stories of a similar kind4 ,among these the most amusing for a large party would perhaps be the old rhyme of ,john ,ball4 ,first round4-- ,john ,ball shot them all4 ,second round4-- ,john ,block made the stock1 ,but ,john ,ball shot them all4 ,third round4-- ,john ,brammer made the rammer1 ,john ,block made the stock1 ,but ,john ,ball shot them all4 ,fourth round4-- ,john ,wyming made the priming1 ,john ,brammer made the rammer1 ,john ,block made the stock1 ,but ,john ,ball shot them all4 ,fifth round4-- ,john ,scott made the shot4444 ,sixth round4-- ,john ,crowder made the powder4444 ,seventh round4-- ,john ,puzzle made the muzzle4444 ,eighth round4-- ,john ,farrell made the barrel4444 ,ninth round4-- ,john ,clint made the flint4444 ,tenth round4-- ,john ,patch made the match4444 ,in the tenth round1 then1 each player has to say-- ,john ,patch made the match1 ,john ,clint made the flint1 ,john ,farrell made the barrel1 ,john ,puzzle made the muzzle1 ,john ,crowder made the powder1 ,john ,scott made the shot1 ,john ,wyming made the priming1 ,john ,brammer made the rammer1 ,john ,block made the stock1 ,but ,john ,ball shot them all4 ,chitterbob ,there is also the old rhyme of ,chitterbob1 but it is usual in repeating this to say it all at once1 in one round1 and not prolong the task4 ,this is the rhyme3-- ,there was a man and his name was ,cob ,he had a wife and her name was ,mob1 ,he had a dog and his name was ,bob1 ,she had a cat and her name was ,chitterbob4 ,bob1 says ,cob2 ,chitterbob1 says ,mob4 ,bob was ,cob's dog1 ,mob's cat was ,chitterbob1 ,cob1 ,mob1 ,bob1 and ,chitterbob4 ,in the old way of playing ,chitterbob a paper horn used to be twisted into the player's hair for each mistake made in the recitation1 and at the end these horns could be got rid of only by paying forfeits4 ,the ,muffin ,man ,the ,muffin ,man is another variety4 ,the players sit in a circle1 and the game is begun by one of them turning to the next and asking1 either in speech or in song-- ,oh1 do you know the muffin man1 the muffin man1 the muffin man8 ,oh1 do you know the muffin man who lives in ,drury ,lane8 ,the reply is-- ,oh1 yes ,i know the muffin man1 the muffin man1 the muffin man1 ,oh1 yes ,i know the muffin man who lives in ,drury ,lane4 ,both players then repeat together-- ,then two of us know the muffin man1 the muffin man1 the muffin man1 ,then two of us know the muffin man who lives in ,drury ,lane4 ,this done1 the second player turns to the third and the same question and answer are given2 but when it comes to the comment-- ,then three of us know the muffin man1444 the first player also joins in4 ,at the end therefore1 if there are eight people playing1 the whole company is singing-- ,then eight of us know the muffin man1 the muffin man1 the muffin man1 ,then eight of us know the muffin man who lives in ,drury ,lane4 ,family ,coach ,in ,family ,coach each player takes the name of a part of a coach1 as the axle1 the door1 the box1 the reins1 the whip1 the wheels1 the horn2 or of some one connected with it1 as the driver1 the guard1 the ostlers1 the landlord1 the bad-tempered passenger1 the cheerful passenger1 the passenger who made puns1 the old lady with the bundle1 and the horses--wheelers and leaders4 ,one player then tells a story about the coach1 bringing in as many of these people and things as he can1 and as often4 ,whenever a person or thing represented by a player is mentioned1 that player must stand up and turn round4 ,but whenever the coach is mentioned the whole company must stand up and turn round4 ,otherwise1 forfeits4 ,a specimen story is here given as a hint as to the kind of thing needed3-- ,there's the railway1 of course1 said ,mr4 ,burly1 and there's the motor wagonette1 and you've all got bicycles2 but let's go to ,london in the old-fashioned way for once2 let's go in the ,family ,coach4 ,these words delighted everybody4 ,oh1 yes1 they all cried1 let's go in the ,family ,coach4 ,it was therefore arranged1 and ,john the ,coachman had orders to get everything ready4 ,this was no light matter1 for the ,family ,coach had not been used for many years1 and it would need to be taken to the coachbuilder's at once and be overhauled4 ,so the next morning it lumbered off1 and it did not come back for a week2 but when it did there was a change indeed4 ,the wheels had been painted red1 the axles had been tested1 the springs renewed1 the inside re-lined1 the roof freshly upholstered1 and the whole made bright and gay4 ,at last the morning came1 a clear1 sunny day1 and punctually at nine ,john rattled up to the door4 ,the horses stood there pawing the ground1 as if ready to gallop all the way4 ,john had a new coat and hat1 and ,tim and ,peter1 the grooms1 were also in new livery4 ,every one was ready4 ,first came ,mr4 ,burly in a wonderful great overcoat1 and then ,mrs4 ,burly in furs4 ,then ,uncle ,joshua1 then ,aunt ,penelope1 and then the three girls and two boys4 ,how they all found room ,i don't know1 but they did4 ,are we all ready8 said ,mr4 ,burly4 ,all ready1 said ,uncle ,joshua4 ,so ,tim and ,peter sprang away from the horses' heads1 crack went the whip1 round went the wheels1 ,uncle ,joshua blew the horn1 and the old ,family ,coach was fairly on its journey4 ,it was a splendid ride4 ,john kept his horses going at a grand pace and hardly used the whip at all1 the wheels ran smoothly over the road1 and whenever we passed through a village ,uncle ,joshua blew the horn4 ,we stopped at ,thornminster for lunch4 ,john brought us up to the inn door in style1 and the landlord came out rubbing his hands and helped ,mrs4 ,burly and ,aunt ,penelope down with a flourish4 ,proud to see you1 sir1 he said to ,mr4 ,burly4 ,it is seldom enough that folks travel nowadays in an old ,family ,coach4 ,i wish there were more of them4 ,after lunch we went along in the same splendid way until suddenly round a corner came a donkey-cart with the donkey braying at the top of his voice4 ,john pulled the horses well over to the side1 but the braying was too much for them1 and they rolled into the ditch4 ,in a moment the old ,family ,coach was overturned4 ,mr4 ,burly was shot into the field across the hedge1 ,uncle ,joshua1 grasping the horn1 landed in a pond1 ,john and ,aunt ,penelope1 ,mrs4 ,burly and the grooms all stuck in the hedge4 ,no one was hurt1 but two of the wheels were broken to pieces and one axle was bent1 and that was therefore the last of the old ,family ,coach4 ,so we never got to ,london in the old way after all4 ,if this story is not long enough1 it can be lengthened4 ,the words in italics are those to be distributed among the company1 each player taking more than one if necessary4 ,when the accident comes they might all fall down as they are mentioned4 ,in the case of the wheels and the horses1 these may either be taken all four by one player1 or eight players may share them4 ,thus1 when the wheels are mentioned1 all four players who have taken the wheels would stand up and turn round1 and four others when the horses were alluded to4 ,the ,traveler1 and the ,bicyclist ,the ,traveler is a favorite variety of the ,family ,coach4 ,in this game a player with a ready tongue is chosen as traveler1 and the others are given such names as landlord1 bell-boy1 clerk1 waiter1 chambermaid1 electric light1 elevator1 bed1 supper1 paper1 sitting-room1 bedroom1 steam-radiator1 slippers1 and so on4 ,the traveler is then supposed to arrive and give his orders4 ,can ,i have a room to-night8 ,good4 ,and how soon will supper be ready8 ,ask the bell-boy to take my satchels up to my room4 ,show me to my room and send up the papers4 ,and so on1 each person named having to stand up or be booked for a forfeit4 ,this game lends itself to various new forms4 ,one might be called ,the ,bicyclist and run thus3--,a player having been chosen as the bicyclist1 the others take as many bicycling names 7or two names each might add to the fun7 as there are players4 ,thus--lamp1 wick1 oil1 handle-bars1 spokes1 tires1 chain1 pump1 nuts1 bell1 hedges1 fields1 sheep1 roads1 hill1 dog4 ,this settled1 the bicyclist will begin his story1 something in this style3-- ,it looked so fine this morning that ,i determined to go for a long ride4 ,so ,i got out the pump and blew up the tires1 put the monkey-wrench to a few nuts1 filled the lamp1 trimmed the wick1 polished up the bell and the handle-bars1 and started off4 ,the roads were perfect4 ,the fields were shining with dew1 the hedges were sweet with honey-suckle1 and ,i skimmed along like the wind until suddenly1 at the turn at the foot of ,claymore ,hill1 ,i rode bang into a flock of sheep and came down with a smash4 ,you never saw such a ruin4 ,the lamp and bell were lost completely1 the handle-bars were twisted into corkscrews1 the tires were cut to ribbons1 the spokes looked like part of a spider's web1 my hands and my knees were cut1 and the worst of it was that the shepherd's dog mistook me for an enemy and ,i had to beat him off with the monkey-wrench1 until the farmer heard the noise and came to the rescue4 ,during this story all the players named would1 in the ordinary way1 stand up for a moment when their adopted names were mentioned1 except at the point when the accident occurs1 and then every player bearing the name of a part of the bicycle--the handle-bars1 spokes1 tires1 chain1 air-pump1 lamp1 wick1 bell1 monkey-wrench1 pump1 nuts--should fall to the ground4 ,drawing-,room ,acrobatics ,there are various feats which can be performed in a small room without injury to furniture4 ,to lie flat on the floor on one's back and be lifted into an upright position by a pair of hands under the back of the head1 keeping stiff all the time1 is a favorite accomplishment4 ,another is to bend over and touch the floor with the tips of the fingers without bending the knees4 ,another is1 keeping your feet behind a line1 to see who1 by stretching along the ground supported on the left hand only1 can place a penny with the right hand the farthest distance and get back again to an upright position behind the line without moving the feet or using the right hand for a support4 ,this done1 the penny must be recovered in the same way4 ,another feat is1 keeping your feet together and one arm behind you1 to see how far back from the wall it is possible to place your feet 7remembering that you have to get into an upright position again7 while you lean forward supported by the other hand laid flat against the wall4 ,another is to keep the toes to a line1 and kneel down and get up again without using the hands4 ,another is to make a bridge of your body from chair to chair1 resting the back of your neck on one and your heels on the other4 ,this is done by beginning with three chairs1 one under the back1 and then when you are rigid enough having the third one removed4 ,acrobatic ,impossibilities ,if you hold your hands across your chest in a straight line with the tips of the forefingers pressed together1 it will be impossible for any one else1 however strong1 to hold by your arms and pull those finger-tips apart4 ,it is quite safe to stand a person against the wall with his heels touching it1 and1 laying a shilling on the floor a foot or so is front of him1 to say it will be his if he can pick it up without moving his heels from the wall4 ,another impossible thing is to stand sideways against the wall with your left cheek1 left heel1 and left leg touching it1 and then raise the right leg4 ,the ,trussed ,fowls ,in this contest two boys are first trussed4 ,trussing consists of firmly tying wrists and ankles1 bringing the elbows down below the knees and slipping a stick along over one elbow1 under both knees and over the other elbow1 as in the picture4 ,the game is1 for the two fowls to be placed opposite each other with their feet just touching1 and for each then to strive to roll the other over with his toes4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,trussed ,,fowl ,the ,candle-,lighters ,another balancing game4 ,two boys face each other1 each with a candle1 one of which is lighted and the other not4 ,kneeling on the right knee only and keeping the left leg entirely off the ground1 they have to make one candle light the other4 ,hat and ,cards ,a tall hat is placed in the middle of the room and a pack of cards is dealt out to the players seated round it4 ,the game is to throw the cards one by one into the hat4 ,tug of ,war ,this is properly an outdoor game1 but in a big room indoors it is all right4 ,the two sides should be even in numbers1 at any rate in the first pull4 ,in the middle of the rope a handkerchief is tied1 and three chalk lines a yard apart are made on the floor4 ,the sides then grasp the rope1 the captain of each side1 whose duty it is to encourage his men by cheering cries1 having his hands about a yard and a half from the handkerchief4 ,the rope is then trimmed by the umpire until the handkerchief comes exactly over the middle one of the three lines4 ,on the word being given1 each side has to try and pull the rope so that the handkerchief passes over the chalk line nearest it4 ,the best of three decides the victory4 ,for the sake of sport it is better1 if one side is much weaker than the other1 to add to it until the balance of strength is pretty even4 ,high ,skip ,the players stand in as wide a circle as the size of the room allows1 with one player in the middle4 ,he has a rope or heavy cord in his hand with some object1 rather heavy but not hard1 tied to it1 such as a small cushion or a large bunch of rags4 ,stooping down1 he begins swinging this around the circle4 ,as it comes to them the players must jump over the cord4 ,as the cushion is swung faster and faster it goes higher and is more difficult to jump over4 ,the first one to miss takes the place of the person swinging the rope1 who is not allowed to raise his hand higher than his knee4 ,parlor ,football ,in this game goals are set up at each end of the room1 the players are provided with fans1 and the football is a blown hen's egg1 which is wafted backward and forward along the floor4 ,balloon ,a string is stretched across the room at a height of about three or four feet4 ,the players divide into sides and line up on each side of the string4 ,the balloon is then thrown up1 the game being to keep it in the air backward and forward over the string1 so that if it falls it will fall in the other side's camp4 ,it ought to be tapped with the back of the fingers and not hit hard4 ,tissue-,paper ,race ,in this game tissue-paper is cut into pieces three or four inches square4 ,as many squares as there are players are placed in a line at one end of the room1 and at the other are placed two books1 or other objects1 a foot or so apart4 ,at the word of command each competitor1 who is armed with a ,japanese fire-screen or fan1 starts to fan his square through the goal-posts4 ,for the sake of distinguishing them it is better to mark the papers or have them of different colors4 ,a competitor may not fan any other square except by accident4 ,walking ,spanish ,this game should not be played unless there are some older1 stronger players to prevent possible accidents1 but it is very amusing4 ,each player in turn goes to the end of the room1 takes a cane or umbrella1 puts his head down on the handle1 closes his eyes and1 stooping over thus1 whirls rapidly about six times1 not moving the point of the cane from its original position4 ,then instantly he straightens up and tries to walk steadily the length of the room along a string laid down or line marked4 ,the one who steps nearest to the line all the time is the winner4 ,potato ,race ,this is a good game for a hall or landing4 ,two baskets are needed1 which are placed at one end of the hall about two yards apart1 and then in a line from each basket are placed potatoes1 at intervals of a yard or so all down the floor1 an equal number to each line4 ,any even number of competitors can play1 the race being run in heats4 ,each competitor is armed with a long spoon1 and his task is to pick up all the potatoes on his line and return them to the basket before his opponent can4 ,each potato must be carried to the basket in turn1 and if dropped on the way must be picked up again before another can be touched1 and the spoon only must be used4 ,any help from the other hand or from the foot disqualifies4 ,fire-,buckets ,at a fire in the country1 where there is no hose1 a line of men extends from the burning house to the nearest pond1 and buckets are continually being passed along this line4 ,hence the name by which this excellent game is called here4 ,it is played thus4 ,a large number of miscellaneous and unbreakable articles--balls1 boots1 potatoes1 books1 and so on--are divided into two exactly equal groups1 and each group is placed in a clothes basket4 ,the company then forms into two equal lines1 and each chooses a captain4 ,each captain stands by the basket at one end of his line1 at the other end being a chair and another player standing by that4 ,at the word ,start1 the articles are handed one by one by the captain to the first player in the line1 and passed as quickly as possible without dropping to the player by the chair4 ,as they come to him he piles them on the chair 7without dropping any7 until all are there1 and then returns them with equal speed until the basket is filled again4 ,the side which finishes first is the winner4 ,if an article is dropped it must be picked up before any other of the articles can pass the player who dropped it4 ,forfeits ,in many of the games already described mention has been made of ,forfeits4 ,they do not now play quite so important a part in an evening's entertainment as once they did1 but they can still add to the interest of games4 ,paying a forfeit means giving up to the player who is collecting forfeits some personal article or other--a knife1 a pencil1 a handkerchief--which1 at the end of the game1 or later in the evening1 has to be recovered by performing whatever penance is ordered4 ,when the times comes for crying the forfeits1 as it is called1 the player who has them sits in a chair1 while another player1 either blindfolded or hiding her eyes1 kneels before her1 the remaining players standing all around4 ,the first player then holds up a forfeit1 remarking1 ,i have a thing1 and a very pretty thing4 ,pray what shall be done to the owner of this pretty thing8 ,to which the blindfolded one replies by asking1 ,is it fine or superfine8 meaning1 ,does it belong to a boy 7fine7 or a girl 7superfine78 ,the answer is either ,it is fine1 or ,it is superfine1 and the blindfolded one then announces what its owner must do to get possession of it again4 ,of stock penances there are a great number1 most of which are tricks which1 once known1 are necessarily very tame afterward4 ,in the case of those that follow1 therefore1 something definite and practical is required4 ,frown for a minute4 ,dance for a minute4 ,see how many you can count in a minute4 ,say the alphabet backward4 ,do the exact opposite of three things ordered by the company4 ,crow like a cock4 ,say ,gig whip ten times very rapidly4 ,say ,mixed biscuits ten times very rapidly4 ,say rapidly3 ,she stood on the steps of ,burgess's ,fish ,sauce ,shop selling shell fish4 ,say rapidly3 ,peter ,piper picked a peck of pickled pepper4 ,a peck of pickled pepper ,peter ,piper picked4 ,if ,peter ,piper picked a peck of pickled pepper1 where is the peck of pickled pepper ,peter ,piper picked8 ,count fifty backward4 ,repeat a nursery rhyme4 ,hold your hands behind you1 and1 keeping them there1 lie down and get up again4 ,hold your hands together and put them under your feet and over your head4 ,walk round the room balancing three books on your head without using your hands4 ,smile to the prettiest1 ,bow to the wittiest1 ,and kiss the one you love the best4 ,yawn until you make some one else yawn4 ,push your friend's head through a ring4 7,put your finger through a ring and push your friend's head with the tip47 ,place a straw on the floor so that you can't jump over it4 7,very close to the wall47 ,put a chair on a table1 take off your shoes and jump over them4 7,over your shoes47 ,leave the room with two legs and come in with six4 7,bring in a chair47 ,repeat five times without mistake1 ,a rat ran over the roof of the house with a lump of raw liver in his mouth4 ,repeat ten times rapidly1 ,troy boat4 ,ask a question to which no cannot be answered4 7,what does y-e-s spell87 ,shake a dime off your forehead4 7,the coin is wet and some one presses it firmly to the forehead of the one to pay the forfeit1 who must keep his eyes closed4 ,the dime is taken away1 but the forfeit player still feels it there and tries to shake it off47 ,repeat a verse of poetry1 counting the words aloud4 ,mary 7one7 had 7two7 a 7three7 little 7four7 lamb 7five74 ,dance in one corner1 cry in another1 sing in another1 and fall dead in the fourth4 ,two forfeits may be redeemed at once by blindfolding two players1 handing them each a glass of water1 and bidding them give the other a drink4 ,this1 however1 can be a very damp business4 ,the old way of getting rid of a large number of forfeits was to tell their owners to hold a cats' concert1 in which each sings a different song at the same time4 ,perhaps it would be less noisy and more interesting if they were told to personate a farm-yard4 ,auctioning ,prizes ,a novel way of awarding prizes is to auction them4 ,each guest on arrival is given a small bag instead of a tally card4 ,these bags are used to hold beans1 five of which are given to all the players that progress at the end of each game4 ,after the playing stops the prizes are auctioned4 ,of course the person who has the greatest number of beans can buy the best prizes2 so that besides making a great deal of fun1 the distribution is entirely fair4 ,,drawing ,,games ,many persons1 when a drawing game is suggested1 ask to be excused on the ground of an inability to draw4 ,but in none of the games that are described in this chapter is any real drawing power necessary4 ,the object of each game being not to produce good drawings but to produce good fun1 a bad drawing is much more likely to lead to laughter than a good one4 ,five ,dots ,all children who like drawing like this game2 but it is particularly good to play with a real artist1 if you have one among your friends4 ,you take a piece of paper and make five dots on it1 wherever you like--scattered about far apart1 close together 7but not too close71 or even in a straight line4 ,the other player's task is to fit in a drawing of a person with one of these dots at his head1 two at his hands1 and two at his feet1 as in the examples on page #dh4 ,outlines or ,wiggles ,another form of ,five ,dots is ,outlines4 ,instead of dots a line1 straight1 zigzag1 or curved1 is made at random on the paper4 ,papers are then exchanged and this line must be fitted naturally into a picture1 as in the examples on page #di4 ,a good way to play ,wiggles when there are a number of people to play1 is to mark the same line for all the players1 either by pressing down very hard with a hard pencil so that the line can be traced from one piece of paper to another1 or with carbon copy paper between the sheets4 ,thus each person has the same line1 and the one who uses his in the most fantastic and unexpected way is the winner4 ,the only rule about making the line is that a circle shall not be made4 ,the two ends must be left ready to add the rest of the design4 ,it is well sometimes to limit the pictures to human faces1 as this makes the grotesque unlikeness of the drawings all the more absurd4 ,illustration3 ,,five ,,dots ,illustration3 ,,outlines ,eyes-,shut ,drawings ,the usual thing to draw with shut eyes is a pig1 but any animal will do as well 7or almost as well1 for perhaps the pig's curly tail just puts him in the first place74 ,why it should be so funny a game it is difficult quite to explain1 but people laugh more loudly over it than over anything else4 ,there is one lady at least who keeps a visitor's book in which every one that stays at her house has to draw an eyes-shut pig4 ,the drawings are signed1 and the date is added4 ,such a guest book is now manufactured1 bound in pig skin1 or in cloth4 ,ghosts of ,my ,friends ,while on the subject of novel albums the ,ghost of ,my ,friends might be mentioned4 ,the ghost is the effect produced by writing one's signature with plenty of ink1 and while the ink is still very wet1 folding the paper down the middle of the name1 lengthwise1 and pressing the two sides firmly together4 ,the result is a curious symmetrically-shaped figure4 ,some people prefer ghosts to ordinary signatures in a visitors' book4 ,the ,book of ,butterflies is on the same order4 ,with the book come four tubes of paint4 ,the paint is squeezed on the page1 which is doubled and flattened4 ,the effects are very beautiful1 and surprisingly lifelike4 ,another guest book is the ,hand-o-graph1 in which the outline of the hand of each guest is kept4 ,the ,thumb-o-graph is on the same principle1 except that in this case the imprint of the guest's thumb is preserved1 made from an ink pad supplied with the book4 ,a remarkable collection can be made of ink-blot pictures4 ,a drop of ink1 either round as it naturally falls1 or slightly lengthened with a pen1 is dropped on paper which is then folded smartly together and rubbed flat4 ,the most surprising designs are the result1 some of which1 aided a little by the pen1 look like landscapes1 figures and complicated geometric designs4 ,drawing ,tricks ,six drawing tricks are illustrated on this page4 ,one 7#a7 is the picture of a soldier and a dog leaving a room1 drawn with three strokes of the pencil4 ,another 7#c7 is a sailor1 drawn with two squares1 two circles1 and two triangles4 ,another 7#e71 ,henry ,,viii1 drawn with a square and nine straight lines4 ,another 7#f71 invented for this book1 an ,esquimaux waiting to harpoon a seal1 drawn with eleven circles and a straight line4 ,the remaining figures are a cheerful pig and a despondent pig 7#d71 and a cat 7#b71 drawn with the utmost possible simplicity4 ,illustration3 ,,drawing ,,tricks ,composite ,animals ,in this game the first player writes the name of an animal at the top of the paper and folds it over4 ,the next writes another1 and so on until you have four1 or even five4 ,you then unfold the papers and draw animals containing some feature of each of those named4 ,illustration ,illustration ,invented ,animals ,a variation of this game is for the players to draw and describe a new creature4 ,on one occasion when this game was played every one went for names to the commoner advertisements4 ,the best animal produced was the ,hairy ,coco1 the description of which stated1 among other things1 that it was fourteen feet long and had fourteen long feet4 ,a good guessing contest is to supply every person with a slip of paper on which is written the name of an animal4 ,he draws a picture of it and these pictures are all exhibited signed with the artist's name4 ,the person who guesses correctly the subjects of the greatest number of them wins4 ,heads1 ,bodies1 and ,tails ,for this game sheets of paper are handed round and each player draws at the top of his sheet a head4 ,it does not matter in the least whether it is a human being's or a fish's head1 a quadruped's1 a bird's1 or an insect's4 ,the paper is then turned down1 two little marks are made to show where the neck and body should join1 and the paper is passed on for the body to be supplied4 ,here again it does not matter what kind of body is chosen4 ,the paper is then folded again1 marks are made to show where the legs 7or tail7 ought to begin1 and the paper is passed on again4 ,after the legs are drawn the picture is finished4 ,pictures to ,order ,each player sits1 pencil in hand1 before a blank sheet of paper1 his object being to make a picture containing things chosen by the company in turn4 ,the first player then names the thing that he wants in the picture4 ,perhaps it is a tree4 ,he therefore says1 ,draw a tree1 when all the players1 himself included1 draw a tree4 ,perhaps the next says1 ,draw a boy climbing the tree2 the next1 ,draw a balloon caught in the top branches2 the next1 ,draw two little girls looking up at the balloon2 and so on1 until the picture is full enough4 ,the chief interest of this game resides in the difficulty of finding a place for everything that has to be put in the picture4 ,a comparison of the drawings afterward is usually amusing4 ,hieroglyphics1 or ,picture-,writing ,as a change from ordinary letter-writing1 ,hieroglyphics are amusing and interesting to make4 ,the best explanation is an example1 such as is given on pages #eb and #ec1 the subject being two verses from a favorite nursery song4 ,pictures and ,titles ,each player draws on the upper half of the paper an historical scene1 whether from history proper or from family history1 and appends the title1 writing it along the bottom of the paper and folding it over4 ,the drawings are then passed on and each player writes above the artist's fold 7or on another sheet of paper7 what he thinks they are meant to represent1 and folds the paper over what he has written4 ,in the accompanying example the title at the bottom of the paper is what the draughtsman himself wrote2 the others are the other players' guesses4 ,illustration3 ,various ,descriptions by the ,players ,the ,abbot of ,christchurch1 near ,bournemouth1 surveys the scaffolding of the abbey4 ,the end of the ,paris ,exhibition4 ,an old man coming back to the home of his childhood1 looks across the river1 where a duck is swimming1 to the dilapidated cathedral and town which represent the stately piles he remembered4 ,the building of the ,ark4 ,the ,artist's ,description ,the ,last ,man surveying the ruins of the ,crystal ,palace4 ,,writing ,,games ,many of the games under this heading look harder than they really are4 ,but the mere suggestion of a writing game is often enough to frighten away timid players who mistrust their powers of composition--although the result can be as funny when these powers are small as when they are considerable4 ,the race is not always to the swift1 nor the battle to the strong4 ,simple ,acrostics ,there are ,simple ,acrostics and ,double ,acrostics4 ,the simple ones are very simple4 ,when the players are all ready a word is chosen by one of them1 either from thought or by looking at a book and taking the first promising one that occurs4 ,perhaps it is govern4 ,each player then puts the letters forming govern in a line down the paper1 and the object of the game is to find1 in a given time1 words beginning with each of those letters4 ,thus1 at the end of time1 one player might have-- ,g ravy ,o range ,v iolet ,e sther ,r obin ,n umbskull ,the players then describe their words in turn1 one letter going the round before the next is reached1 and from these descriptions the words have to be guessed1 either by any player who likes or by the players in turn4 ,the player whose paper we have quoted might describe his words like this3 ,g---- ,something that makes hot beef nice2 ,o---- ,a fruit2 ,v---- ,a flower2 ,e---- ,a girl's name2 ,r---- ,a bird2 and ,n---- ,a name for a silly person4 ,if any one else has the same word neither of you can score it1 and it is therefore important to seek for the most unlikely words4 ,another way of playing ,simple ,acrostics is to insist on each word being the same length4 ,thus govern might be filled in by one player thus3-- ,g rave ,o ddly ,v erse ,e arth ,r ebel ,n inth ,double ,acrostics ,in ,double ,acrostics the game is played in precisely the same way1 except that the letters of the word1 after having been arranged in a line down the paper1 are then arranged again in a line up the paper1 so that the first letter is opposite the last1 and the last opposite the first4 ,thus3-- ,g ,n ,o ,r ,v ,e ,e ,v ,r ,o ,n ,g ,the players have then to fill in words beginning and ending with the letters as thus arranged4 ,one paper might come out thus3-- ,g rai ,n ,o rde ,r ,v ersatil ,e ,e 444 ,v ,r apall ,o ,n othin ,g ,this word is rather a hard one on account of the ,e and ,v4 ,as a rule1 words of only three letters are not allowed in ,acrostics1 nor are plurals4 ,that is to say1 if the word has to end in ,s1 one must not simply add ,s to an ordinary word1 such as grooms for ,g----,s1 but find a word ending naturally in ,s1 such as ,genesis4 ,it is not necessary to invert the same word in order to get letters for the ends of the words4 ,two words of equal length can be chosen and arranged side by side4 ,thus 7but this is almost too difficult an example73-- ,d ,k ,i ,i ,c ,p ,k ,l ,e ,i ,n ,n ,s ,g ,acrostics may be made more difficult and interesting by giving them a distinct character4 ,thus1 it may be decided that all the words that are filled in must be geographical1 or literary1 or relating to flowers4 ,fives ,fives is a game which is a test also of one's store of information4 ,a letter is chosen1 say ,t1 and for a given time1 ten minutes perhaps1 the players write down as many names of animals beginning with ,t as they can think of4 ,the first player then reads his list1 marking those words that no one else has and crossing off all that are also on other players' papers4 ,then the names of vegetables 7including flowers1 trees1 and fruit7 are taken2 then minerals2 then persons2 and then places4 ,the player who has most marks wins the game4 ,a variety of this game is to take a long word1 say extraordinary1 and within a given time to see how many smaller words can be made from it1 such as tax1 tin1 tea1 tear1 tare1 tray1 din1 dray1 dairy1 road1 rat1 raid1 and so on4 ,lists ,lists is a variety of ,fives4 ,paper is provided1 and each player in turn calls out something which the whole company write down4 ,thus1 suppose there are five players and you decide to go round three times3 the first may say a river2 the second1 a doctor2 the third1 a complaint2 the fourth1 a play2 the fifth1 a ,state in the ,union2 the first again1 a musical instrument2 the second again1 a poet2 and so on1 until the fifteen things are all written down4 ,each paper will then have the same list of fifteen things upon it4 ,one of the company then opens a book at random1 and chooses1 say1 the first letter of the third word in the first line4 ,perhaps it is ,t4 ,for a given time each player has to supply his list with answers beginning with ,t4 ,at the call of time one of the papers may present this appearance3-- ,a river ,tees ,a doctor4 ,mr4 ,treves ,a complaint ,tic ,doloreux ,a play ,timon of ,athens ,a state in the ,union ,tennessee ,a musical instrument ,trombone ,a poet ,tennyson ,a flower ,trefoil ,a mineral ,tin ,a lake ,tanganyika ,a tree ,tulip ,a country ,turkey ,an author ,trollope ,an artist ,tadema ,a preacher ,talmage ,each player in turn reads his list aloud1 strikes off those words that others also have1 and puts a mark against the rest4 ,the specimen list here given is too simple to be called a good one4 ,players should reject the first thing that comes into their thoughts1 in favor of something less natural4 ,buried ,names ,the first thing for the players to do is to decide what kind of name they will bury4 ,the best way is to call out something in turn4 ,thus1 if there are four players they may decide to bury the name of an author1 a girl1 a town1 and a river4 ,each player writes these down and a fixed time is given for burial1 which consists in writing a sentence that shall contain the name somewhere spelled rightly but spread over two words1 or three if possible4 ,at the end of the time the sentences are read aloud in turn1 while the others guess4 ,of course1 the whole game may be given up to burying only one kind of name1 but variety is perhaps better4 ,examples are given3-- ,an author3 ,i like to keep the yew in good order4 ,a girl3 ,the boy was cruel1 lazy and obstinate4 ,a town3 ,clothes that are new have no need of brushing4 ,a river3 ,to see spoilt ham especially annoys me4 ,it is permissible to bury the name in the middle of one longer word1 but it is better to spread it over two or three4 ,perhaps the best example of a buried ,english town is this3 ,the ,queen of ,sheba sings to keep her spirits up4 ,this is good1 because the sentence is natural1 because of the unusual number of words that are made use of in the burial1 and because in reading it aloud the sound of the buried town is not suggested4 ,letters and ,telegrams ,in this game you begin with the ,letter4 ,the first thing to write is the address and ,my dear ----1 choosing whomever you like1 but usually1 as in ,consequences1 either a public person or some one known1 if possible1 to every one present4 ,the paper is then folded over and passed on4 ,the next thing to write is the letter itself1 which should be limited to two minutes or some short period1 and should be the kind of letter that requires a reply4 ,the paper is folded and passed on again1 and the subscription1 ,believe me yours sincerely1 or whatever adverb you choose1 and the signature are then added4 7,these may be divided into two separate writings if you like47 ,the signature should be that of another public person1 or friend1 relation or acquaintance of the family4 ,the paper is then passed on once more1 and a reply to the letter1 in the form of a telegram1 is written4 ,that is to say1 you must say as much as you can in ten words4 ,example3-- ,,the ,,letter ,the first player writes3--,my dear ,buffalo ,bill4 ,the second player writes3--,can you give me any information about suitable songs for our village choir8 ,the third player writes3--,believe me yours slavishly4 ,the fourth player writes3--,kitchener of ,khartoum4 ,,the ,,reply ,,telegram ,the fifth player writes3--,be with you to-morrow4 ,have sheets aired4 ,am bringing everything4 ,telegrams ,there is also the game of ,telegrams4 ,in this the first thing to write is the name of the person sending the telegram4 ,the paper is then passed on1 and the name of the person to whom it is sent is written4 ,the papers are then passed on again and opened1 and the players in turn each say a letter of the alphabet1 chosen at random1 until there are ten4 ,as these are spoken1 each player writes them on the paper before him1 leaving a space after it2 so that when the ten are all written down his paper may look like this3-- ,from the ,,duke ,,of ,,york ,to ,,barnum ,,and ,,bailey4 ,h 444 ,a 444 ,p 444 ,n 444 ,w 444 ,e 444 ,k 444 ,s 444 ,f 444 ,t 444 ,a period of five minutes or more is then allowed in which to complete the telegram1 the message having to be ten words long1 and each word to begin1 in the same order1 with these letters4 ,the players should1 as far as possible1 make the telegrams reasonable1 if not possible4 ,thus1 the form given above might1 when finished1 read like this3-- ,from the ,,duke ,,of ,,york ,to ,,barnum ,,and ,,bailey4 ,have ,awning ,prepared ,next ,wednesday ,evening ,kindly ,send ,five ,tickets ,in calling out the ten letters which are to be used in the telegram1 it is well to avoid the unusual consonants and to have a vowel here and there4 ,an amusing variety is for all the players to compose telegrams on the same subject2 the subject being given beforehand4 ,thus it might be decided that all the telegrams should be sent from ,president ,roosevelt to ,alice in ,wonderland asking for her views on the tariff4 ,then having completed these messages1 the answers may also be prepared1 using the same letters4 ,but1 of course1 as in all games1 family matters work out more amusingly than public ones4 ,initials ,paper is handed round1 and each player thinks of some public person1 or friend or acquaintance of the company1 and writes in full his or her ,christian name 7or names7 and surname4 ,then1 for1 say1 five minutes1 a character sketch of the person chosen has to be composed1 each word of which begins with the initial letter of each of the person's names1 repeated in their right order until the supply of thought gives out or time is up4 ,thus1 suppose the person chosen is ,frank ,richard ,stockton1 the story writer4 ,the character sketch might run3-- ,f ancifully ,r ecounts ,s trange ,f reakish ,r omantic ,s tories4 ,f inds ,r isibility ,s urely4 ,f requently ,r aises ,s miles4 ,an occasional and and of may be dropped in if necessary4 ,where one of the names begins with a vowel 7such as ,william ,ewart ,gladstone7 the character sketch can be made to run more easily4 ,it is sometimes more amusing to give every one the same names to work on2 and in some houses the players are not allowed to choose names for themselves1 but must pass the paper on4 ,the characters of towns and nations may be written in the same way1 using all the letters of the word as the initials4 ,riddles ,a more difficult game is ,riddles4 ,at the top of the paper is written anything that you can think of3 ,a soldier1 ,a new dress1 ,a fit of the blues1 ,a railway accident--anything that suggests itself4 ,the paper is passed on and anything else is written1 no matter what4 ,it is passed on again and opened4 ,suppose that the two things written on it are1 first1 ,a school-teacher1 and second1 ,a pair of skates4 ,the duty of the player is to treat them as a riddle1 and1 asking the question either as ,why is a school-teacher like a pair of skates8 or ,what is the difference between a school-teacher and a pair of skates8 7whichever way one prefers71 to supply a reasonable answer4 ,this game1 it will be seen1 is suited particularly to clever people4 ,rhymed ,replies ,this is a game that needs a certain amount of readiness and some skill with words4 ,each of the party writes at the top of a piece of paper a question of any kind whatever1 such as ,how old was ,csar when he died8 or ,what is your favorite color8 ,the paper is folded over and passed on1 and the next player writes a word--any word--such as electricity1 potato1 courageously1 milk4 ,the papers are then passed on once more and opened1 and the task of each player is to write a rhyme in which the question on his paper is answered and the word on his paper is introduced4 ,missing ,information ,every one is supplied with a piece of paper and pencils and tries to write down correct answers to questions about everyday things which we none of us know4 ,a suggestive list is given but any one can add to it indefinitely4 #a4 ,how big do you think a postage-stamp is1 in inches--a five dollar bill8 #b4 ,draw a picture of a clock's face with the hands pointing to five minutes of twelve4 #c4 ,how tall do you think a man's silk hat is1 a derby8 #d4 ,draw the design in panels of the door to the room you are in4 7,of course without looking at it47 #e4 ,how many holes are there in a high laced shoe--your own8 #f4 ,how many toes has a cat1 a dog8 #g4 ,how many legs has a fly8 #h4 ,how does a cow lie down8 ,a horse8 #i4 ,about how many petals has a common daisy8 ,a wild rose8 ,a sun flower8 #aj4 ,how high from the ground is a street-car8--a railway car8 ,the person who can answer most correctly the greatest number of questions is the winner4 ,consequences ,consequences is always a favorite game when a party has reached its frivolous mood4 ,the method of playing is this3 ,sheets of paper and pencils are handed round1 and every one writes at the head 7#a7 an adjective suitable to be applied to a man1 such as ,handsome4 ,this word is then folded over so that it cannot be read1 and each paper is passed on to the next person4 ,the name of a man 7#b7 is then written1 either some one you know1 or a public person1 such as the president or ,mr4 ,carnegie4 ,this in turn is folded over and the papers are passed on4 ,the word met is understood to be inserted at this point4 ,that is to say1 the completed story will tell how ,handsome ,mr4 ,carnegie met some one4 ,the next thing 7#c7 is to put down an adjective suitable to apply to the woman whom he met1 such as ,buxom1 and then 7#d7 the woman's name1 again either some one you know1 or a public person1--the papers being folded and passed on after every writing4 ,the remaining items are these3--7#e7 ,the place where they met--say1 on the pier4 7#f7 ,what he said to her--say1 ,i hope your neuralgia is better4 7#g7 ,what she said to him--say1 ,there's nothing like rain for the crops4 7#h7 ,what the consequence was--say1 ,they were married4 7#i7 ,what the world said--,all's well that ends well4 ,it must be remembered that unless there are very few players1 when it is less fun1 you do not get the chance of writing more than once1 or at most twice1 on the same sheet of paper1 so that it is of no use to have a reasonable series of remarks in your mind4 ,the specimen given above is an average one4 ,in print nothing could be much less funny1 but when the company has the spirit of ,consequences1 even so tame a story as this might keep the room merry4 ,the game is always full of the unexpected1 and the people who meet each other are almost sure to be laughing-stocks4 ,the results are often better if all the papers are handed to one player to read4 ,consequences ,extended ,the form of ,consequences above given is the ordinary one and the simplest4 ,but in certain families the game has been altered and improved by other clauses4 ,we give the fullest form of ,consequences with which we are acquainted4 ,as it stands it is rather too long2 but players may like to add to the fun of the ordinary game by adopting a few of these additions3-- ,adjective for a man4 ,the man4 ,what he was wearing4 ,what he was doing4 7,met7 ,adjective for a woman4 ,the woman4 ,what she was wearing4 ,what she was doing4 ,the person he would much rather have met4 ,where they met4 ,what he thought4 ,what he said4 ,what she thought4 ,what she said4 ,what he gave her4 ,what she did with it4 ,where they went4 ,what they did4 ,what the consequence was4 ,what the world said4 ,example3-- ,the honorable ,theodore ,roosevelt1 who was dressed in a ,moir antique bath-towel and was eating walnuts1 met coy ,aunt ,priscilla in a ,khaki tea-gown playing with her ,noah's ,ark1 when he would much rather have met ,madame ,tussaud4 ,they met at ,south ,hampton4 ,what he thought was1 ,here's this woman again1 but he merely said1 ,that's a very chic costume of yours4 ,what she thought was1 ,i wonder if he's seen ,peter ,pan1 but she only said1 ,that's wet paint you're leaning against4 ,he gave her a piercing glance1 and she swallowed it4 ,so they went to prison together and learned to ride the bicycle1 and the consequence was they caught influenza1 and the world said1 ,it's an ill wind that blows nobody good4 ,composite ,stories ,another folding-over and passing-on game is ,composite ,stories4 ,paper is passed round1 and for five minutes each player writes the opening of a story with a title prefixed4 ,the papers are passed on1 and each player reads through as much of the story as has been written and for five minutes adds to it4 ,and so on1 until each player has written once on each paper4 ,the papers are then passed on once more1 with the result that each paper will be found to be lying before the player who began it4 ,the next and last five minutes are then spent by each person in reading through the story and bringing it to an end1 sometimes a difficult enough task4 ,if six persons are playing and allowances of five minutes have been given1 there will be at the end of thirty-five minutes six complete stories to read aloud4 ,another ,story ,game ,a variety of the story game is for each player to write the name of a well-known person or friend of the family on the top of the paper1 fold it over1 and pass it on4 ,this happens1 say1 five times1 which means that when the papers are opened the names of five persons will be found on each4 ,a story has then to be written introducing these people4 ,improbable ,stories ,another story game is one in which each player attempts to tell the most improbable or impossible story4 ,in this case the papers are not passed on1 but a certain amount of time is given for the stories to be written in4 ,the ,newspaper ,this is a rather elaborate but really very easy game to play4 ,one player1 who acts as editor1 takes as many sheets of paper as there are players and writes at the head of each the title of a section of a newspaper4 ,thus on one he will write1 ,paris ,correspondence2 on another1 ,english ,correspondence2 on another1 ,berlin ,correspondence2 on a fourth1 ,political ,news2 on a fifth1 ,our ,fashion ,page2 on a sixth1 ,reviews2 on a seventh1 ,weather ,report2 and so on4 ,each player then1 for a given time1 writes on the subject allotted to him1 more or less in the manner of the daily press1 and at the end the result is read aloud by the editor4 ,the plan is easily adapted to family or village life4 ,the heading may refer to domestic matters1 such as ,nursery ,correspondence1 ,kitchen ,gossip1 ,fashions for ,gentlemen 7an account of father's new suit71 ,garden ,news1 ,village ,chatter1 and so on4 ,or1 instead of a newspaper1 a popular magazine may be contributed1 with illustrations4 ,predicaments ,this is a good game for a company of ingenious people1 and it will be found that almost every one is ingenious when confronted with a difficult situation and given time to think out a solution4 ,every one is given paper and pencil 7or this is not necessary since the solutions may be oral74 ,then one player starts the game by suggesting some predicament and asking the company ,what would you do in such a case8 ,five minutes are given for reflection1 and fifteen if the answers are to be written4 ,then each in turn must say how he would have extricated himself from the scrape4 ,a few suitable subjects are given here4 ,if you found yourself in a strange city1 where you didn't know a soul1 with no money and nothing you could pawn1 what would you do8 ,if you should wake up in the night and see a burglar just entering the room1 what would you do8 ,if you should look out of your school-room door and see smoke and fire in the hall1 what would you do8 ,if you should be in a foreign country1 not able to speak the language and wanted to order a room and breakfast1 what would you do8 ,,table ,,and ,,card ,,games ,card ,games and ,others ,card games proper1 such as ,bezique and ,cribbage and ,whist1 do not come into the scope of this book4 ,nor do games such as ,chess1 ,draughts1 ,halma and ,backgammon4 ,it is not that they are not good games1 but that1 having to be bought1 their rules do not need enumerating again4 ,the description of a few very old and favorite games with cards1 and one or two new ones1 is1 however1 given1 because they can be made at home4 ,letter ,games ,on page #agh will be found the simplest letter game4 ,letters can be used for a round game by one player making a word1 shuffling it1 and throwing it face upward into the middle of the table4 ,the winner is the player who first sees what it spells4 ,distribute a box of letters among the players1 dealing them face downward4 ,in turn each player takes up a letter at random and puts it face upward in the middle of the table4 ,the object of the game is to make words out of these letters4 ,directly a player sees a word he calls it out1 and taking the letters places them in front of him1 where they remain until the end of the game1 when each player counts his words and the owner of the greatest number is the winner4 ,if1 however1 a word has been chosen which1 by the addition of another letter or so from the middle of the table1 can be transformed into a longer word1 the player who thinks of this longer word takes the shorter word from the other player and places it before himself4 ,thus1 ,a might see the word seat among the letters1 and calling it out1 place it before him2 and then ,b1 noticing another t1 might call out state1 and adding it to ,a's word1 take that to himself4 ,if1 however1 ,a then detected an e in the middle and called out estate the word would be his again4 ,these losses and reconquests form the chief fun of the game4 ,an s at the end of a word1 forming a plural1 is not allowed4 ,patience1 or ,thirteens ,many games of ,patience can be played as well with numbered cards as with ordinary playing cards4 ,it does not matter much what size they are1 but for convenience1 in playing on a small table1 they may as well be about an inch wide and two inches long1 with the number at the top4 ,thus3-- ------------ #ab ------------ ,a ,patience set consists of four packs of cards each containing four sets of thirteen cards numbered from #a to #ac4 ,these can be made at home perfectly well1 and a little bag to hold each pack should also be made4 ,the simplest game is to arrange the four sets in their right order4 ,one player empties her four bags into a basket1 shakes them up1 and calls them out as she picks them out 7at random74 ,the others1 who have the cards spread before them1 then arrange them in four rows as well as may be1 until a #a is called and there is a chance to begin packing the others upon it4 ,with inexperienced players five rows are sometimes allowed4 ,we do not give other games of ,patience1 for two reasons4 ,one is that it is not exactly a children's game1 and the other1 that it is one of the games which can be properly taught only by personal instruction4 ,varieties of ,patience are very numerous1 and good books can be had on the subject4 ,snap ,there can be no real need to describe ,snap1 but perhaps it may be useful to have the rules in print here in case of any dispute4 ,a pack of ,snap cards is dealt round1 any number being able to play2 and the game begins by the players taking their cards one by one from their hands and in turn laying them face upward on the table before them4 ,if a card is turned up similar to a card already on view on the table1 the player who turns it up or the player who owns the similar card cries ,snap1 and the cards go to the player who says ,snap first4 ,as it is sometimes difficult for the players to distinguish which says ,snap first1 it is well to have an umpire4 ,in the case of an undoubted dead-heat the game should go on as if nothing had happened4 ,the player who won the cards gathers up also into his hand all the cards which were before him and continues the game4 ,when a player has transferred all his cards from his hand to the table he waits until his turn comes and then takes them into his hand again4 ,this is a very exciting moment1 because1 if his top card were snapped1 then he would lose everything4 ,in good ,snap packs there are several sets of cards which are intentionally made nearly but not absolutely alike1 and it is very common to say ,snap by mistake when one of these turns up4 ,in that case the cards of the player who cried ,snap are placed in the middle of the table1 where they stay until some one turns up a card exactly like the top one and ,snap ,centre is called1 when both the centre pack and the pack in front of the turner-up belong to the player who cried ,snap ,centre4 ,it may of course be the turner-up himself1 but is very likely somebody else1 because whereas under ordinary conditions only the owners of similar cards may cry ,snap1 when there are cards is the middle too any one may cry ,snap ,centre4 7,in some houses any one may cry ,snap all through the game1 but that is not the best way47 ,when a player has lost all his cards he is out of the game until there are cards in the middle again1 when an opportunity comes of snap-centring them and getting into play again4 ,the game goes on until one player has all the cards4 ,grab ,in ,grab1 a very rowdy variety of ,snap1 a cork is placed in the middle of the table4 ,the rules are the same as in ,snap1 except that1 instead of saying ,snap1 you snatch for the cork2 in the case of ,snap ,centre1 snatching and saying ,centre too4 ,snap ,cards ,snap cards may just as well be home-made as bought4 ,they either can be painted1 in which case you must be careful that the sets of four articles are just alike1 or you can cut out shapes of different colored paper and stick them on4 ,a bundle of wall-paper patterns is splendid material for a pack4 ,the only advantage that bought ,snap cards have over home-made ones is that they slip better4 ,old ,maid ,this game can be played by any number1 either with a home-made pack or with ordinary playing cards from which three of the queens have been taken away2 the remaining queen being the old maid4 ,the cards are then dealt and each player first weeds out all pairs1 such as two knaves1 two aces1 two fives1 and so on4 ,all having done this1 the player who begins offers her hand1 with the cards face downward1 to her neighbor1 and her neighbor takes one4 ,she then looks through her cards to see if it pairs with any that she already has1 and1 if it does1 throws the pair on the table4 ,having finished her examination she offers her cards in the same way to the next player1 and so it goes on4 ,as the possessor of the old maid card is1 at the end1 the loser of the game1 each one who gets it does all in her power to induce the next player to take it4 ,as the cards get fewer and fewer the excitement grows and grows4 ,old ,bachelor is played in the same way1 except that three of the kings are then thrown out4 ,pig ,pig is a very noisy game4 ,it is played with ordinary cards1 unless you like to make a ,pig set1 which would be very easy4 ,having discovered how many persons want to play1 you treat the pack accordingly4 ,for instance1 if five want to play you throw out all cards except five sets of four2 if six1 or three1 you throw out all cards except six sets of four or three sets of four4 ,thus1 if five were playing1 the cards might consist of four aces1 four twos1 four threes1 four fours1 and four fives2 or1 if you began at the other end1 four kings1 four queens1 four knaves1 four tens and four nines4 ,the cards are shuffled and dealt round1 four each1 and the game is for each player to complete a set of four4 ,you do not1 as in ,old ,maid1 select one from the cards that are offered1 face downward1 but each player hands whatever card he likes to the next player1 who is bound to accept it4 ,directly a player has a set of four complete he lays the cards on the table1 either very stealthily or with a bang1 whichever he likes4 ,immediately a set is laid on the table 7or directly the other players notice it7 all other cards have to be laid there1 too4 ,the player who is last in laying them down is ,pig4 ,the game is played for as many rounds as you like1 the player who was last the fewest times being the winner4 ,the word ,pig alters with each round4 ,the last player to lay down his cards in the second round is not merely ,pig1 but ,little ,pig2 in the third1 ,big ,pig2 in the fourth1 ,mother 7or ,father7 ,pig2 in the fifth1 ,grandmother 7or ,grandfather7 ,pig2 in the sixth1 ,ancestral ,pig2 in the seventh1 ,venerable ,pig2 in the eighth1 ,primeval ,pig2 in the ninth1 ,crackling4 ,prophecies and ,characteristics ,this is a memory game and a very amusing one4 ,it is played with two packs of cards of any sort4 ,one pack is laid in a heap1 face down1 in the middle of the table4 ,the other pack is distributed to the players1 who lay them face upward in rows2 each person should not have more than twelve cards since it is practically impossible to remember more than that number4 ,any one can begin by giving either a prophecy or a characteristic--thus3 ,who will inherit a fortune inside a year8 or ,who will be the first in the room to wear false teeth8 at the same time turning up a card from the centre pile4 ,whoever has the card matching this1 takes it1 lays it face down on his card repeating the prophecy1 ,i will be the first to wear false teeth4 ,the next in turn gives a characteristic1 ,who has the worst temper8 or ,who has the most unselfish disposition8 ,this process continues around1 until all the centre cards are matched4 ,then the memory test comes in4 ,every player in turn tries to remember and repeat all the prophecies and characteristics which have fallen to his share1 giving them aloud in rapid succession4 ,he is allowed for deliberation on any one only the time while ten is being counted4 ,the one who remembers the greatest number is the winner4 ,the ,old ,maid's ,birthday ,this game is utterly foolish1 but it can lead to shouts of laughter4 ,it has been founded on an old-fashioned card game called ,mr4 ,punch4 ,the first thing required is a pack of plain cards on which should be written the names of articles of food and clothing1 household utensils1 and other domestic and much advertised things3 such1 for example1 as a frock-coat1 a round of beef1 a foot-warmer1 a box of pills4 ,a story1 somewhat on the lines of that which follows1 must then be prepared and copied into a note-book4 ,the company take their places and the cards are handed round4 ,these should be held face downward4 ,when all is ready one of the players reads the story1 pausing at each blank for the player whose turn comes next to fill it in by calling out whatever is on his uppermost card4 ,no matter how often the game is played 7provided the cards are re-shuffled7 the unexpected always happens1 and it is usually so absurd as to be quite too much for a room all ready for laughter4 ,the number of blanks in the story should be equal to the number of cards1 and in order that the story may run on smoothly it is well for the next player always to glance at his top card just before his turn1 so as to bring it out readily and naturally4 ,the following story1 which makes provision for nearly fifty cards1 should be found serviceable until a better and more personal one is written4 ,it will add to the amusement if the player who reads it substitutes the names of real shops and1 if he likes1 real people3 ,attention4 ,it was ,miss ,flitters's birthday1 and she woke with a start and hurried down to see what the postman had brought4 ,there were five parcels and a letter4 ,the letter was from ,miss ,bitters4 ,dear ,miss ,flitters1 it ran1 ,i am so sorry to hear of your cold1 and in the hope that it will do you good1 ,i am sending you a ----4 ,i always find it excellent1 although mother prefers ----4 ,we both wish you many happy returns of the day4 ,the other presents were1 from ,miss ,ditters a handsome ----1 from ,miss ,glitters a delicate ----1 and from ,miss ,hitters a particularly refined ----4 ,dear me6 said ,miss ,flitters1 what a useful gift6 just exactly what ,i wanted4 ,she then sat down to breakfast1 which1 this being a special day1 consisted of ----4 ,i did my best to do it to a turn1 said the cook1 as she laid it on the table with her own hands4 ,mary said as how you'd prefer a ----1 but1 bless your 'eart1 ,miss ,flitters1 ,i know your tastes best4 ,you do1 indeed1 said ,miss ,flitters4 ,the thing is perfectly cooked4 ,it's delicious4 ,it reminds me of ----4 ,to-day1 she added1 ,i am giving a party1 and ,i want you to let us have a very charming meal4 ,i will get the things directly after breakfast4 ,what do you think we shall need8 ,well1 ma'am1 said the cook1 you may please yourself about everything else1 but we've done without a ---- for so long1 that ,i must have one4 ,quite right1 said her mistress4 ,she then prepared for going out2 and seeing that it looked like rain1 took a ---- from the cupboard and on her head tied a ----4 ,bless your 'eart1 mum1 cried the cook1 you've forgot your smelling salts4 ,suppose you was to feel faint--what then8 ,never mind1 she added1 this'll do just as well--handing her a ----4 ,miss ,flitters hurried off at such a pace that she ran right into the minister4 ,i beg your pardon1 she exclaimed1 ,i mistook you for a ----4 ,may ,i come with you8 asked the minister4 ,most certainly1 said ,miss ,flitters4 ,they went first to ,buszard's for a ----1 and selected two particularly juicy ones4 ,then to ,marshall and ,snelgrove's for a ----4 ,is this for the complexion8 asked the minister1 picking up a ---- from the counter4 ,la1 sir1 said ,miss ,flitters1 how little you know of domestic life6 ,then they went to ,fuller's for a ----1 and to ,jay's for a ----4 ,it's too dear1 said ,miss ,flitters4 ,give me a ----instead4 ,at the stores they inspected ----4 ,haven't you anything fresher8 asked ,miss ,flitters3 ,i'd as soon buy a ----4 ,none the less she bought two and slipped them into her reticule1 adding as a little gift for the cook a ----4 ,the party began at six o'clock4 ,the first to come was ,miss ,kitters4 ,you don't mind my bringing my work1 ,i know1 dear1 she exclaimed2 ,i'm embroidering a ---- for the natives of ,madagascar1 and it must be done soon4 ,miss ,litters came next1 and being rather short-sighted1 sat down on a ----4 ,never mind1 said ,miss ,flitters4 ,oh1 ,i don't1 she replied1 but it would have been more comfortable if it had been a ----4 ,miss ,mitters came just as the clock struck4 ,she was wearing a charming ---- trimmed with ----4 ,what perfect taste she has6 the others murmured4 ,miss ,nitters followed4 ,miss ,nitters was the exact opposite of ,miss ,mitters in all matters relating to dress4 ,she had no taste at all1 and was wearing merely a ---- with pompons attached1 and in place of earrings a couple of ----4 ,so fast6 whispered ,miss ,litters4 ,miss ,pitters1 ,miss ,ritters1 and ,miss ,titters each brought a present4 ,miss ,pitters's present was a silver-plated ----4 ,so useful for the toilet table1 she said4 ,miss ,ritters's was a ,japanese ----1 a piece of exquisite workmanship2 while ,miss ,titters produced from her pocket a brown paper parcel which turned out to contain a very choice ----1 an heirloom in the ,titters family for centuries4 ,i didn't know whether to bring this or a ----1 she said2 but father decided me4 ,father always knows best4 ,when all were assembled1 the guests sat down to supper4 ,but here an awkward thing happened4 ,if you please1 mum1 the cook was heard to whisper in a loud voice1 the ---- hasn't come4 ,shall ,i get a ---- instead8 ,yes1 said ,miss ,flitters1 that will do very well4 ,don't you think so1 ,miss ,pitters8 ,i think1 was the reply1 ,i should prefer ----4 ,it was none the less an excellent and generous repast4 ,opposite ,miss ,flitters was a noble ----1 flanked by a ---- and a ----4 ,at the foot of the table was a dish of ----4 ,i never tasted anything so delicious in my life1 said ,miss ,mitters1 taking a large helping of ----4 ,oh6 said ,miss ,glitters1 you should try the ----4 ,it's yumps4 ,the first course was followed by sweets1 the most imposing of which was a wonderful frosted ---- with ,miss ,flitters's name in pink sugar4 ,you must all have a piece1 said the hostess1 but ,i'm afraid it's rather rich4 ,after supper came games1 ,blind ,man's ,buff and ,hunt the ,slipper1 but as no one cared to lend a slipper1 they used instead a ----1 and it did very well4 ,at midnight the party broke up1 the guests saying that they never had spent a pleasanter evening4 ,as a protection against the cold ,miss ,flitters gave them each a hot ----4 ,she then hurried to bed and dreamed all night of ----4 ,,thinking1 ,,guessing1 ,,and ,,acting ,,games ,the ,ship ,alphabet ,the players sit in a long row1 as if in a class at school4 ,the one that acts as schoolmaster asks sharply1 beginning at one end1 ,the name of the letter8 ,a1 says the player4 ,the schoolmaster turns to the next player1 the name of the ship8 and straightway begins to count ten very quickly and sternly4 ,andromeda1 is perhaps rapped out before he reaches that number4 ,the name of the captain8 ,alfred4 ,the name of the cargo8 ,armor4 ,the port she comes from8 ,amsterdam4 ,the place she is bound for8 ,antananarivo4 ,the next letter8 ,b1 and so on4 ,if the schoolmaster is very strict and abrupt with his questions and counting1 he can drive every idea from the mind of the person he points at4 ,if he counts ten before an answer comes1 he passes on to the next1 and the next1 and the next1 until the answer is given4 ,the one who gives it moves up above those that failed4 ,the game should be played rapidly4 ,a variation on this is ,when my ship comes in4 ,this is played with a handkerchief knotted into a ball4 ,any letter of the alphabet is chosen2 say ,b4 ,one player throws the handkerchief to another1 crying out1 ,when my ship comes in it will be laden with ----4 ,the player who catches the handkerchief must supply a cargo1 beginning with ,b before ten is counted1 bees1 butterflies1 belts1 etc4 ,if he fails to do this he gives a forfeit4 ,when one letter is exhausted another is chosen and the game starts over4 ,i ,love ,my ,love ,this is not played now as once it was4 ,in the old way the players sat in a line and went steadily through the alphabet1 each one taking a letter in order4 ,this was the form3--,i love my love with an ,a1 because he is a favorable adjective beginning with ,a4 ,i hate him with an ,a because he is an unfavorable adjective beginning with ,a4 ,he took me to the sign of the an inn sign beginning with ,a1 and treated me to two eatables or an eatable and drinkable beginning with ,a4 ,his name is a man's name beginning with ,a1 and he comes from a town or country beginning with ,a4 ,then ,b1 and so on4 ,a and ,b might run thus3-- ,i love my love with an ,a because he is adorable4 ,i hate him with an ,a because he is apish4 ,he took me to the sign of the ,alderman and treated me to arrowroot and ale4 ,his name is ,arnold1 and he comes from ,ayrshire4 ,i love my love with a ,b because he is brisk4 ,i hate him with a ,b because he is bookish4 ,he took me to the sign of the ,beetle and treated me to biscuits and bovril4 ,his name is ,brian1 and he comes from ,boston4 ,there is no reason why men should always be chosen4 ,for the sake of variety the love may as well have a woman's name and a woman's qualities4 ,in that case the inn might perhaps go and some such sentence as this take its place3-- ,i love my love with an ,a because she is amiable4 ,i hate her with an ,a because she is awesome4 ,we went to ,uncle ,alexander's1 and had apricots and ,apollinaris4 ,her name is ,audrey1 and she comes from ,annapolis4 ,as finding seven words beginning with one letter is rather a heavy task for each player1 the words might be taken in turn1 as in the case of the ,ship game mentioned above4 ,for a shorter way of playing ,i ,love my ,love the following form is used3--,i love my love with an ,a because he--or she--is favorable adjective4 ,i will send him--or her--to some place and feed him--or her--on something to eat4 ,i will give him--or her--an some article1 the use for which must be mentioned after it1 and a bunch of some flower for a nosegay4 ,thus3-- ,i love my love with an ,a because he is artistic4 ,i will send him to ,australia1 and feed him on asparagus4 ,i will give him an alpenstock to climb with1 and a bunch of asters for a nosegay4 ,my ,thought ,the players sit in a row or circle1 and one1 having thought of something--of any description whatever--asks them in turn1 ,what is my thought like8 ,not having the faintest idea what the thought is they reply at random4 ,one may say1 ,like a dog2 another1 ,like a saucepan2 a third1 ,like a wet day2 a fourth1 ,like a comic opera4 ,after collecting all the answers the player announces what the thought was1 and then goes along the row again calling upon the players to explain why it is like the thing named by them4 ,the merit of the game lies in these explanations4 ,thus1 perhaps the thing thought of was a concertina4 ,the first player1 asked to show why a concertina is like a dog1 may reply1 ,because when it is squeezed it howls4 ,the next may say1 ,it is like a heavy saucepan because it is held in both hands4 ,the third1 ,it is like a wet day because one soon has enough of it2 and the fourth1 ,it is like a comic opera because it is full of tunes4 ,p's and ,q's ,another old game of this kind is ,p's and ,q's4 ,the players sit in a circle and one stands up and asks them each a question in turn4 ,the question takes this form1 ,the ,king of ,england or ,france1 or ,germany1 or ,africa1 or ,russia1 or ,india1 whatever country it may be has gone forth with all his men4 ,tell me where he has gone1 but mind your ,p's and ,q's4 ,the player who is addressed must then reply1 naming1 in whatever country is mentioned1 some town that does not begin with ,p or ,q or with any letter before ,p in the alphabet4 ,thus1 if the question refers to ,england1 he may say ,salisbury but not ,bristol1 ,redruth but not ,oxford2 or to ,france1 ,toulon but not ,lyons1 ,versailles but not ,dieppe4 ,the game is capable of improvement or1 at least1 of variety4 ,for instance1 instead of ,p's and ,q's1 the questioner may say1 ,mind your ,k's and ,l's1 or instead of ruling out all letters before ,p1 all letters after ,q may be stopped4 ,and one need not confine the game to geography1 but may adapt it to include animals1 or eatables1 or books4 ,the ,elements ,the players sit in a circle1 and the game is begun by one of them throwing a rolled-up handkerchief to another and at the same time calling out the name of one of the four elements--air1 water1 earth1 or fire4 ,if ,air is called1 the player to whom the handkerchief is thrown must at once mention some creature that flies4 ,having done so she throws the handkerchief to some one else1 calling perhaps ,earth1 whereupon that player must mention an animal that inhabits the earth4 ,and so on4 ,the same animal must not be mentioned twice1 and when ,fire is called1 the player to whom the handkerchief is thrown must keep silence until she throws it on again4 ,sometimes each player1 after throwing the handkerchief and calling the element1 counts ten as the limit of time in which the answer must be given4 ,if it is longer in coming1 or if something is mentioned which has been mentioned before1 then a forfeit follows4 ,suggestions ,this is a game which people either dislike or like very much4 ,the players sit round the fire or table1 and one of them begins by naming an article of any kind whatever1 such as watering-pot4 ,the word watering-pot will immediately suggest something to the next player--say gardener4 ,he therefore says gardener4 ,the next is perhaps reminded by the word gardener of a bunch of violets she saw the gardener carrying that morning1 and she therefore says violets2 the next at once recollects finding violets when she was in the country last spring1 and she therefore says ,vermont4 ,thus the game goes on for1 say1 ten rounds1 by which time1 as we have seen already1 the minds of the players have been carried miles away from the original watering-pot which set them at work4 ,it is now necessary to trace the series of suggestions back to watering-pot again4 ,this is done by the last player mentioning1 not the last thing that he thought of1 but the thing which suggested that to him4 7,thus1 the player next him may have said1 in the last round1 an apple-core1 which may have suggested to him ,tom ,sawyer4 ,he would not1 however1 when the task of retracing begins1 say ,tom ,sawyer1 because to repeat your own words is too easy1 but an apple-core and the next player1 going backward1 in his turn would repeat the word which suggested an apple-core to him47 ,the second part of the game1 retracing the suggestions1 is naturally more difficult than the first4 ,in this game two things are very important4 ,one is1 that silence should be maintained2 the other1 that the word you give should be suggested to you only by the previous player's remark4 ,also it is more fun to be quite honest about it1 and really say what was first suggested1 instead of making a choice4 ,quotation ,games ,this is a game which requires some poetical knowledge4 ,the players sit in a circle and one begins by repeating a line of poetry4 ,the next caps it by repeating whatever line comes next to it in the poem from which it is taken4 ,the poem may either be continued or the game may deal only in couplets or four-lined stanzas4 ,in another quotation game the first player repeats a line of poetry and the next follows it with another line of poetry which begins with the last letter of the previous quotation4 ,thus1 if the first player says-- ,it was the schooner ,hesperus ,that sailed the wintry sea1 the next might cap it with-- ,a man's a man for a' that1 and the next with-- ,the quality of mercy is not strained4 ,two ,rhyming ,games ,rhyming games require more taxing of brains than most players care for4 ,the ordinary rhyming game1 without using paper1 is for one player to make a remark in an easy metre1 and for the next to add a line completing the couplet4 ,thus in one game that was played one player said-- ,it is a sin to steal a pin1 ,much more to steal an apple4 ,and the next finished it by adding-- ,and people who are tempted to1 ,with ,satan ought to grapple4 ,but this was showing more skill than there is real need for4 ,an easier rhyming game is that in which the rhyme has to come at the beginning of the line4 ,the players are seated in a circle and one begins by asking the next a question of any nature whatever1 or by making any casual remark1 the first word of the answer to which must rhyme with the last word of the question4 ,the game is then started1 each player in turn adding a remark to that made by the one before him1 always observing the rhyming rule4 ,thus1 the original question may be1 ,do you like mince pies8 ,the next player may reply1 ,wise people always do4 ,the next1 ,you1 ,i suppose1 agree with that8 ,the next1 ,flat you may knock me if ,i don't4 ,the next1 ,won't you change the subject1 please8 ,and the next3 ,eas-ily2 let's talk of books4 ,telling ,stories ,this is another of those fireside games that need more readiness of mind than many persons think a game should ask for4 ,the first player begins an original story1 stopping immediately 7even in the middle of a sentence7 when the player who is appointed time-keeper says ,next4 ,the next player takes it up2 and so forth until the end comes1 either at the end of the first round or whatever round seems best4 ,another way is for each player to contribute only a single word2 but this is rarely successful1 because every one is not at the same pitch of attention4 ,except on the part of the person who is narrating there ought to be absolute silence4 ,clumps ,the company1 according to the number of persons1 divides up into two or three or even four groups1 or clumps1 in different parts of the room1 seated closely in circles4 ,as many players as there are clumps then go out and decide on some extremely out-of-the-way thing which the clumps have to guess4 ,in one game1 for example1 the mine was thought of from which the iron was taken to lay the first railroad rails in ,america4 ,that is the kind of far-fetched and ingenious thing4 ,when it is decided upon1 the players return to the room and take their places1 one in the midst of each clump4 ,questions are then put to them the answers to which must be either ,yes or ,no1 and the clump that discovers the thing first is the winner4 ,other ,yes and ,no ,games ,the same game can be played without such keen rivalry1 one player sitting in the midst of a great circle and answering questions in turn4 ,there is also a game called ,man and ,object1 in which two players go out and decide upon a man 7or woman7 and something inanimate or not human with which he is associated or which he is known to have used1 such as ,washington and his hatchet1 ,whittington and his cat1 ,a druid and his mistletoe-knife4 ,they then return and each player asks them each a question in turn until the problem is solved4 ,the same game is sometimes turned inside out1 the players that remain in the room deciding upon some one whom the player that has gone out has to personate and discover4 ,in this case it is he who puts the questions4 ,as he is supposed for the time being actually to be the thing thought of1 he ought to frame his questions accordingly3 ,am ,i living8 ,have ,i been dead long8 ,am ,i a man8 and so forth4 ,my ,right-,hand ,neighbor ,this is a catch game and useless except when one of the company knows nothing about it4 ,that player is sent out of the room1 and after a due interval is called in again and told to guess what the other players have thought of4 ,he may ask any questions he pleases that can be answered by ,yes or ,no4 ,the thing thought of is each player's right-hand neighbor1 who is of course so different in every case as to lead in time to the total bewilderment of the guesser4 ,how1 ,when1 and ,where ,one player leaves the room1 while the others decide on some word1 the name of a thing for choice 7such as tale1 tail71 which has one pronunciation but two or three different meanings and perhaps spellings4 ,they then sit in a circle or line and the other player is called in1 his object being1 by means of questions put in turn to each player1 to discover what the word is4 ,his questions must take the form1 ,how do you like it8 ,when do you like it8 and ,where do you like it8 ,let us suppose that tale is the word thought of4 ,how do you like it8 he will ask the first of the circle4 ,the answer may be1 ,i like it amusing 7tale74 ,how do you like it8 he may ask the next4 ,i like it active 7tail74 ,to the next1 ,when do you like it8 ,i like it at night 7tale74 ,to the next1 ,where do you like it8 ,at the end 7tail74 ,to the next1 ,where do you like it8 ,in an armchair 7tale74 ,and so on until he guesses the word4 ,coffee-,pot ,a similar game is called ,coffee-,pot or ,tea-,pot4 ,in this case also the company think of a word with more than one meaning1 but instead of answering questions about it they make a pretense of introducing it into their answers by putting the word coffee-pot in its place4 ,as the player who is guessing is at liberty to put any kind of question he likes it is well to choose a word that will go easily into ordinary conversation4 ,let us suppose1 for instance1 that the word is rain1 reign1 rein4 ,the questions and answers may run something like this3--,are you feeling pretty well to-day8 ,i always feel well when there is no coffee-pot 7rain74 ,have you been reading anything interesting lately8 ,yes1 a very interesting book on the present coffee-pot 7reign74 ,i hope your toothache is better4 ,thank you1 ,i hope its coffee-pot will soon be over 7reign74 ,did you walk here this evening8 ,no2 we came with the assistance of the coffee-pot 7rein74 ,the guesser is allowed to make three guesses aloud1 but after that he must meditate on the word in silence or put questions to test his theories4 ,if the word is a verb and a past tense or present tense has to be used in an answer1 the player says coffee-potted or coffee-potting4 ,throwing ,light ,this is much like ,how1 ,when1 and ,where1 except that instead of asking questions the player1 or players1 that went out sit still and listen to the others talking to each other concerning the selected word's various meanings4 ,thus1 if it is ,spring1 the first may remark1 ,it makes our drives so much more comfortable2 the next1 ,i am always happier then than at any other time2 the next1 ,to drink there is to know what drinking really is2 and so on4 ,animal1 ,vegetable1 and ,mineral4 ,this is also a similar game to ,how1 ,when1 and ,where1 except that the player who goes out of the room has1 on his return1 to guess something belonging to one of these three groups4 ,his first question therefore is1 ,is it animal8 ,perhaps it is not4 ,is it vegetable8 ,no4 ,he knows then that it is mineral1 and after that to find out what it is is only a matter of time4 ,proverbs ,one or two players go out4 ,the others sit in line and choose a proverb having as many words as there are players4 ,thus1 if there were eight players1 ,they love too much who die for love would do2 or if more than eight1 two short proverbs might be chosen4 ,each player having made certain what his word is1 the others are called in4 ,it is their duty to find out what proverb has been fixed upon1 and the means of doing so is to ask each player in turn a question on any subject whatever1 the answer to which must contain that player's word in the proverb4 ,if the first round of questions does not reveal the proverb1 they go round again and again4 ,shouting ,proverbs ,in this game1 instead of answering questions one by one1 when the guesser or guessers come in the players at a given signal shout the words which belong to them at the top of their voice and all together4 ,the guessers have to separate the proverb from the din4 ,acting ,proverbs ,this is a very simple acting game4 ,the players should divide themselves into actors and audience4 ,the actors decide upon a proverb1 and in silence represent it to the audience as dramatically as possible4 ,such proverbs as ,too many cooks spoil the broth1 and ,a bad workman quarrels with his tools1 would be very easy--almost too easy if any stress is laid upon guessing4 ,but1 of course1 although the guessing is understood to be part of the fun1 the acting is the thing4 ,acting ,initials ,two players go out4 ,the others choose the name of a well-known person1 public or private1 the letters of whose name are the same in number as the players left in the room4 ,thus1 supposing there are seven persons in the room1 the name might be ,dickens4 ,the letters are then distributed2 each player1 as soon as he knows which letter is his1 selecting some well-known living or historical character beginning with the same letter1 whom he has to describe or personate4 ,to personate is more fun than to describe4 ,the players seat themselves in the right order to spell the name1 and the other two are called in4 ,when they are ready the first player1 ,d1 is called on to describe or impersonate his letter2 and so on in the right order4 ,acting ,verbs1 or ,dumb ,crambo ,in this game the company divides into two4 ,one half goes out1 and the one that remains decides upon a verb which the others shall act in dumb show4 ,a messenger is then despatched to tell the actors what the chosen word rhymes to4 ,thus1 if weigh were the verb fixed upon1 the messenger might announce that it rhymes to day4 ,it is then well for the actors to go through the alphabet for verbs--bay1 bray1 lay1 neigh1 pay1 prey1 pray1 play1 stay1 say2 and act them in order4 ,when the word is wrong the spectators hiss1 but when right they clap4 ,if the word chosen has two syllables1 as obey1 notice ought to be given4 ,guessing ,employments ,a very simple game4 ,one player goes out4 ,the others decide on some workman to represent1 each pretending to do some different task belonging to his employment4 ,thus1 if they choose a carpenter1 one will plane1 one will saw1 one will hammer1 one will chisel1 and so on4 ,their occupation has then to be guessed4 ,it is perhaps more interesting if each player chooses a separate trade4 ,stool of ,repentance ,one player goes out4 ,the others then say in turn something personal about him--such as1 ,he has a pleasant voice2 ,his eye is piercing2 ,he would look better if he wore a lower collar4 ,those remarks are written down by one of the party1 and the player is called in and placed on a chair in the middle4 ,the recorder then reads the remarks that he has collected1 and the player in the middle has to name the persons who made them4 ,eyes ,a sheet1 or a screen made of newspapers1 is hung up1 and two holes1 a little larger than eyes and the same distance apart1 are made in it4 ,half the players retire to one side of it1 and half stay on the other4 ,they then look through the holes in turn1 while those on the opposite side try to name the owner of the eyes4 ,the game sounds tame1 but the difficulty of recognition and the false guesses made soon lead to laughter4 ,making ,obeisance ,this is a trick4 ,those in the company who have never played the game go out of the room4 ,one of the inside players1 who is to represent the potentate1 then mounts a chair and is covered with a sheet which reaches to the ground4 ,at the point where it touches a shoe is placed1 the toe of which is just visible4 ,in the potentate's hand is a sponge full of water4 ,one of the players outside is then invited in2 he is told to kneel down and kiss the toe2 the potentate on the chair leans forward a little to bring his sponge immediately over the subject's head2 and a shower-bath follows4 ,then another subject is admitted1 but after a while there is enough water on the floor to make them suspicious4 ,mesmerism ,another trick4 ,the players who are to be mesmerized--among them being the one or two who do not know the game--stand in a row1 each holding a dinner-plate in the left hand4 ,the mesmerizer1 who also has a dinner-plate1 faces them1 and impresses on them very seriously the importance1 if they really want to be mesmerized1 of doing exactly what he does and not moving their eyes from him in any direction4 ,he then holds the plate flat1 rubs the first finger of his right hand on the bottom of it1 and makes an invisible cross on his forehead1 on each cheek1 and on the tip of his nose4 ,that is all4 ,the trick lies in the fact that the plates of the players who do not know the game have been held in the flame of a candle until they are well blacked4 ,this means that when the mesmerism is over they each have black marks on their faces1 and know nothing about it until they are led to a looking-glass4 ,thought-,reading ,tricks ,in all thought-reading games it is best that only the two performers should know the secret4 ,of these two1 one goes out of the room and the other stays in1 after having first arranged on the particular trick which will be used4 ,perhaps the company will then be asked to settle on a trade4 ,let us say that they decide on a chemist4 ,the other player is then called in1 and his companion puts questions to him in this way3--,you have to name the trade which we have thought of4 ,is it a grocer8 ,no4 ,is it a draper8 ,no4 ,is it a goldsmith8 ,no4 ,is it a fruiterer8 ,no4 ,is it a lawyer8 ,no4 ,is it a chemist8 ,yes4 ,this will look rather mysterious to some of the company2 but the thing is really simple enough4 ,the questioner merely arranged with his companion that the trade thought of should follow a profession4 ,perhaps on the next occasion the company will be asked to think of an article in the room4 ,let us say that they fix on the clock4 ,the questions will then run something like this3--,you have to name the article in this room which has been thought of4 ,is it the piano8 ,no4 ,is it the curtain-rod8 ,no4 ,is it the carpet8 ,no4 ,is it the fireplace8 ,no4 ,is it the sideboard8 ,no4 ,is it the armchair8 ,no4 ,is it the clock8 ,yes4 ,this again is bewildering2 but again the trick is very simple1 the questioner having arranged that the article shall follow something that has four legs4 ,a third way is for an article to be touched and for the thought-reader to be asked to name it4 ,is it this8 ,is it this8 ,is it this8 is asked of one thing after another1 the answer always being ,no4 ,is it that8 ,yes4 ,the secret is that the article touched is always signified by ,is it that8 ,but in this case1 and in that of the others already described1 the effect of mystification can be increased by arranging beforehand that the article in question shall not follow the key phrase immediately1 but1 say1 two questions later4 ,a fourth way is for the questioner to begin each question in due order with a letter of the ,french word for the article touched4 ,thus1 if it were the bell1 he might say1 ,come now1 was it the table8 ,look1 was it the armchair8 ,or the piano8 ,come now1 was it this book8 ,how about this hearth-rug8 ,endeavor to be quick1 please4 ,was it the clock8 ,by this time ,cloche has been spelled1 so that the next question is1 ,was it the bell8 ,yes4 ,in another form of ,thought-reading the two players who know the secret remain in the room long enough for the trick to be made sure4 ,one stands in a corner and the other calls loudly1 ,ebenezer1 do you hear8 7,ebenezer is the usual name1 but a more attractive one would do47 ,ebenezer says nothing1 but listens attentively to hear who among the company speaks first4 ,the other player repeats the question and still there is no answer4 ,soon after that some one will perhaps make a remark1 and then ,ebenezer1 having got what he was waiting for1 says1 ,yes1 ,i hear4 ,then leave the room1 says the other player1 and ,ebenezer goes out4 ,the other player then makes a great show of choosing some one to touch1 but ends by touching the person who spoke first after the game began4 ,this done1 ,ebenezer is called in to say who was touched1 and every one is puzzled by his knowledge4 ,to ,guess ,any ,number ,thought of ,with these thought-reading tricks may be put one or two arithmetical puzzles4 ,here is a way to find out the number that a person has thought of4 ,tell him to think of any number1 odd or even4 7,let us suppose that he thinks of #g47 ,then tell him to double it 7#ad71 add #f to it 7#bj71 halve it 7#aj71 and multiply it by #d 7#dj74 ,then ask him how many that makes4 ,he will say #dj4 ,you divide this in your mind by #b 7#bj71 subtract #f 7#ad71 divide by #b again 7#g71 and astonish him by saying that the number of which he thought was #g4 ,to ,guess ,any ,even ,number ,thought of ,in this case you insist on the number chosen being an even number4 ,let us suppose it is #h4 ,tell him to multiply by #c 7#bd71 halve it 7#ab71 multiply by #c again 7#cf71 and then to tell you how many times #i will go into the result4 ,he will say #d4 ,double this in your mind and tell him that he thought of #h4 ,to ,guess the ,result of a ,sum ,another trick4 ,tell the person to think of a number1 to double it1 add #f to it1 halve it and take away the number first thought of4 ,when this has been done you tell him that #c remains4 ,if these directions are followed #c must always remain4 ,let us take #g and #a as examples4 ,thus #g doubled is #ad2 add #f and it is #bj2 halved1 it is #aj2 and if the number first thought of--#g--;is subtracted1 #c remains4 ,again1 #a doubled is #b2 #f added makes #h2 #h halved is #d1 and #a from #d leaves #c4 ,a more bewildering puzzle is this4 ,tell as many persons as like to1 to think of some number less than #a1jjj1 in which the last figure is smaller than the first4 ,thus #iih might be thought of1 but not #iii1 and not #cdg4 ,the amount being chosen and written down1 you tell each person to reverse the digits2 so that the units come under the hundreds1 the tens under the tens1 and the hundreds under the units4 ,then tell them to subtract1 to reverse again1 and add2 remarking to each one that you know what the answer will be4 ,it will always be #ajhi4 ,let us suppose that three players choose numbers1 one being #iih1 one #ejj1 and one #cba4 ,each sets them on paper1 reverses the figures1 and subtracts4 ,thus3-- #iih #ejj #cba #hii #jje #abc --- --- --- #jii #die #aih ,the figures are then reversed and added4 ,thus3-- #jii #die #aih #iij #eid #hia ---- ---- ---- #ajhi #ajhi #ajhi ,guessing ,competitions ,guessing competitions1 which are of ,american invention1 can be an interesting change from ordinary games4 ,in some the company are all asked to contribute1 as in ,book ,teas1 where a punning symbolic title of a book is worn by each guest1 and a prize is given to the person who guesses most1 and to the person whose title is considered the best4 ,thus1 a person wearing a card having the letter ,r represented ,middlemarch1 and a person with catkins in his buttonhole1 ,hazell's ,annual4 ,but simpler devices are just as interesting4 ,in other guessing competitions the preparations are the affair of the household which gives the party4 ,it is with these that we are concerned here4 ,giving prizes certainly adds to the interest of them4 ,guessing ,quantities ,several articles of number are placed on a table1 say a box of matches1 a bag of beans1 a reel of cotton or ball of string1 a large stone1 a stick1 a photograph1 and various coins with the date side turned down4 ,each of the company is provided with a card on which these articles are written1 and the object is to guess as nearly as possible something about each2 for instance1 how many matches there are in the box1 how many beans in the bag1 the length of the string1 the weight of the stone1 the length of the stick1 the age of the person in the photograph1 and the date of each coin4 ,the right answers are1 of course1 ascertained beforehand and written on a card in the hostess's possession4 ,observation ,the real name of this game may be something else1 but ,observation explains it4 ,a small table is covered with a variety of articles1 to the extent of some twenty or thirty4 ,it is then covered with a cloth and placed in the middle of the room4 ,the players stand round it and the cloth is removed for a minute 7or longer74 ,during that time the aim of each player is to note and remember as many of the things as possible4 ,the cloth is then put on again and the players have five minutes in which to write the fullest list they can of the objects seen4 ,scents ,a more puzzling competition is to place a row of large bottles on the table1 all numbered1 at the bottom of each of which is a small amount of liquid bearing a noticeable scent4 ,some may be toilet scents1 and others medicines or essences used in cooking4 ,a card numbered according to the bottles is given to each player1 and the game is to guess as many of the scents as possible4 ,the ,topsy-,turvy ,concert ,the performers in this concert1 who should be of nearly the same size1 take their places behind a sheet stretched across the room at the height of their chins4 ,they then put stockings on their arms and boots on their hands 7or this may be done before they come into the room71 and stand looking over the sheet at the company1 with their hands and arms carefully hidden4 ,the concert begins by the singing of the first verse of a song4 ,immediately the verse is finished1 the singers1 stooping down so that their heads disappear from view1 thrust up their arms and wave them about1 the effect being that of a row of people standing on their heads4 ,the chorus is thus sung4 ,then they pull down their arms and put up their heads again and sing the next verse4 ,the ,dancing ,dwarf ,this is a very amusing illusion and easy to arrange4 ,all the players but two are sent out of the room and these stand behind a table4 ,one stands close to the table1 his arms in front of him so that the fingers rest on the table4 ,boots1 or stockings and shoes1 are put on their arms and a long dark cloak is thrown over the shoulders of the first player covering the one behind him4 ,the one behind furnishes the arms by thrusting his out in front4 ,the little feet resting on the table show from the folds of the cloak and give the appearance of a dwarf4 ,the players are then called back and the dwarf1 whose face should be disguised1 performs any feat that they ask for--he sings a song1 or makes a speech or prophesies the future of any one who desires it1 always ending with a wild dance performed by the arms and hands of the other person4 ,the light should be turned down somewhat and the audience should be straight in front of the table to keep the illusion at its best4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,dancing ,,dwarf ,charades ,charades can be written in advance and carefully rehearsed1 but in this book we are concerned more nearly with those that are arranged a few minutes 7the fewer the better7 before they are performed4 ,as a rule a word of two or three syllables is chosen1 the syllables are first acted1 then the whole word1 and then the audience guess what it was4 ,sometimes the word is brought in1 both in its complete form and in its syllables2 and sometimes--and this is perhaps the better way--it is acted4 ,thus1 if the word were ,treason1 one way would be to make the acts themselves anything that occurred to you1 merely saying ,tree with some distinctness in the first2 ,son or ,sun in the second2 and ,treason in the third4 ,the other and more interesting way would be to make the first act relate to tree-felling or tree planting1 or1 say1 a performance by ,mr4 ,tree2 the second to a son or the sun2 and the third to some treasonable situation1 such as1 for example1 the ,gunpowder ,plot4 ,on account of the time which is occupied in preparing and acting it is better to choose two-syllabled words--which1 with the whole word1 make three scenes--than three- or four-syllabled ones2 although there are certain four-syllabled words which split naturally into two halves of two syllables each4 ,parsimony1 for example1 could be performed3 ,parsee1 money1 parsimony4 ,as a general rule the charades that are arranged during the evening are better performed in dumb show1 with plenty of action1 than with any talking at all4 ,under the circumstances gestures are so much easier than words and not any less amusing4 ,dumb ,performances ,very good fun can be had also from impromptu pantomimes1 where the performers enact some story which every one knows1 such as ,aladdin or ,red ,riding ,hood or ,cinderella2 or a scene from history proper1 or from village or family history4 ,the contrast between the splendor of ,cinderella's carriage in the story and the old perambulator which has to serve in the charade only adds to the fun4 ,every one1 being dumb1 acts to the utmost4 ,it is sometimes more amusing if all the parts are turned upside down and a boy plays the heroine and a girl the hero4 ,where the scene is too tremendous for any representation to be given1 it is best to meet the case frankly and use1 as they did in ,shakespeare's day1 written labels1 such as ,this is ,aladdin's ,palace4 ,dressing ,up ,it is1 of course1 much more fun to dress up2 but dressing up is not so important that a charade is spoiled without it4 ,if1 on the day of your party1 you know that charades will play a part in it1 it is wise to put in a convenient room a number of things suitable to dress up in4 ,then at the last minute there need be no furious running up-stairs to pull things out of closets and boxes1 and the unpleasantness will be avoided which sometimes follows when you have taken somebody's best clothes for a rather violent performance4 ,almost the best garment there is for dressing-up purposes is a fur coat4 ,while priceless for ,red ,riding ,hood's wolf it will make also most of the other animals in the ,zoo4 ,a soldier's uniform is a great possession1 and a real policeman's helmet has made the success of many charades4 ,most kinds of hat can1 however1 easily be made on the morning of a party out of brown paper4 ,epaulettes and cockades are also easily made of the same material4 ,powder or flour for white hair1 some corks for moustaches and beards 7you hold them in the candle for a minute and wait till they are cool enough to use71 and a packet of safety-pins should be in handy places4 ,cherry tooth-paste makes serviceable rouge4 ,tableaux ,vivants ,tableaux ,vivants are a change from acting1 but they need1 if done at all well1 a great deal of preparation and rehearsal1 and are therefore perhaps better left to older people4 ,but quickly-arranged groups representing 7not too seriously7 scenes in ,american history might be good fun4 ,remarks on ,acting ,the drawback to all charades and dressing up at a party is that they make away with so much valuable time of the players who are out of the room1 and unsettle those who are left in4 ,it should be the first duty of every one taking part in acting at parties to decide quickly on the subject or word1 and to perform it quickly4 ,many and many a party has been spoiled by the slowness of the actors outside4 ,historical or family scenes with no dressing up and some action are perhaps better than much dressing up and absolute stillness4 ,in ,canute and the ,waves1 for example1 it is better that the incoming tide should be represented by a boy rolling slowly over the carpet than that there should be nothing but fixed eyes and stern faces4 ,,rainy-,,day ,,games ,this is a chapter written to meet the needs of several children shut up together in bad weather4 ,the chapter on ,indoor ,occupation and ,things to ,make gives suggestions for a single child1 but here are a few suggestions for several occupations for a group of children1 which do not mean the destruction of the furniture4 ,any one of the games given in the chapter ,in the ,train is suitable for rainy days4 ,there are of course many games treated elsewhere in this book which can be played on rainy days indoors4 ,many of the parlor and outdoor games are equally suitable for indoors4 ,all the card games and back-gammon1 checkers1 etc41 are invaluable resorts in case of a long dreary day1 but there are a few other recreations which1 in some families are saved for such occasions4 ,bean-,bags ,one of these is the old fashioned game of bean-bag4 ,one rainy morning can be spent in making the outfit4 ,the girls can be occupied in making the cloth bags1 from six to ten inches square1 partly filled with beans3 and the boys in making the board which is shown in the illustration4 ,it should be about three feet square of any sort of boards and propped up at one side so that it forms an inclined plane4 ,five holes are cut in it1 about seven inches square1 all but the centre one which is only five inches square4 ,the players stand off from six to twelve feet according as their skill increases with practice and try to throw the bags through the holes4 ,there are various rules for playing the game which you can arrange to suit yourself1 or to make a change4 ,one way is have the bags in sets of six1 each six being of one color1 different from the others4 ,the players stand in a line and all throw at once1 trying to get their six bags in the holes as soon as possible4 ,when they have thrown their bags they rush up to the board1 gather up those which have gone wild and run back to the firing line4 ,the one who gets his six bags in first wins the game4 ,a bag thrown through the small centre hole counts as two4 ,illustration3 ,,bean-,,bag ,,board ,another way to play it is to throw in turn1 each throwing all his six bags one after another4 ,the one who gets most in is the winner4 ,ring-,toss ,ring-toss is another game in which skill can be acquired only through practice and it is very good for rainy-days4 ,it is really indoor quoits1 and is a favorite game for shipboard4 ,any one with a little patience and care can make the rings which are of rope fastened together with slanting seam1 wound with string so that there is no bulging1 overlapping hump at one side4 ,illustration3 ,,rope ,,ring ,a stake is nailed upright to a board 7the stake can be a section of an old broom handle1 or a smooth1 small1 straight peeled branch of a tree7 and the outfit for the game is complete4 ,it is played with the same rules as quoits 7see ,outdoor ,games for ,boys71 and a very considerable degree of skill can be obtained by practice4 ,as in pitching quoits1 the rings should be thrown with a little level twist to make them whirl about4 ,ring-the-,nail ,a variation of this can be played with common large nails and brass curtain rings4 ,eight nails are driven into a board in a circle1 leaving about an inch sticking up4 ,in the centre1 one is driven1 standing about three inches tall4 ,small rings1 curtain rings1 for instance1 are thrown toward this4 ,each time they encircle one of the lower nails is counted five1 and the centre nail ten4 ,soap-,bubbles ,a soap-bubble race is easy to arrange and very good fun4 ,an old shawl or blanket is laid on a table or the floor1 goals are made at each end of it with piles of books1 leaving an opening between1 and each person is provided with a pipe for blowing bubbles4 ,one bowl of soap-bubbles is enough for the company 7see page #bgi on the best way to make lasting soap-bubbles74 ,the game is to see who can most quickly blow a bubble1 deposit it on the woolen cloth at one end and blow it through the goal at the other4 ,of course you try to direct your puffs so that you will not only blow your own bubble along but will force your opponent's back4 ,another way is to stretch a cord across the room and divide into two sides1 standing three feet from the cord4 ,at a given signal dip your pipes in the bowl of soap-suds1 blow a bubble1 and try to blow it over the cord4 ,the side which succeeds in landing most bubbles in the enemy's territory wins4 ,jack-,stones ,a game which is good1 quiet fun for a rainy day is ,jack-stones4 ,although not played much nowadays it is very interesting and is to indoors what mumble-the-peg is to outdoors4 ,it is played usually with small pieces of iron with six little feet3 but it can also be played with small pebbles all of a size4 ,all kinds of exercises can be used1 many of which you can invent yourself but a few of the commonest are given below4 #a4 ,the five stones are thrown up and caught on the back of the hand4 #b4 ,four of the stones are held in the hand while one is thrown up4 ,they must then be laid on the table1 or floor1 in time to catch the stone before it comes down4 ,it is then thrown up again1 and the four stones are picked up either one at a time or all together1 and the stone caught again4 ,nearly all the exercises are variations of this4 ,one stone is thrown up and different things must be done quickly with the others before it falls again4 ,tying ,knots ,another occupation for rainy days that will interest several children 7as well as one7 is puzzling out the construction of some of the simplest sailor's knots4 ,this is a useful and a very desirable accomplishment4 ,often several together can solve a difficult knot better than one1 and after some proficiency is acquired it is interesting to have a competition to see who can tie them most quickly and perfectly4 ,every one is supplied with a piece of clothes-line 7the best rope for this purpose7 and some one calls out ,running ,noose1 or ,figure of ,eight4 ,every one must then make this as quickly as possible4 ,it is impossible to give directions in words about tying knots4 ,the best way is to get clear illustrations and then work over them until you have mastered the intricacies4 ,a few simple knots are shown here1 but there are many books which give an almost endless variety4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,overhand ,,knot ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,,half-,,hitch ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,,figure ,,of ,,eight ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,,common ,,bend ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,,sailor',s ,,knot ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,running ,,noose ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,,crossed ,,running ,,noose ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,,bowline ,,knot ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,,dogshank ,illustrating ,a competitive game which is easy to manage is hit-or-miss illustrating4 ,any old magazine 7the more the better7 will furnish the material4 ,figures1 furniture1 landscape1 machines--anything and everything--is cut out from the advertisement or illustrations1 and put in a box or basket in the middle of the table4 ,every one is given a piece of paper and a proverb is selected for illustrating4 ,twenty minutes is allowed to choose suitable pictures1 to paste them on to sheets of paper and to add1 with pencil1 accessories that are necessary3 and then results are compared4 ,the variety and excellence of these patchwork pictures are surprising4 ,this can be played during convalescence4 ,it is not necessary to select a proverb for illustrating4 ,any suggestive title will do4 ,a few that have been found fruitful of varied and spirited pictures are given here4 ,a trying moment4 ,companions in misery4 ,this is my busy day4 ,i didn't know it was loaded4 ,his proudest moment4 ,the unhappy experimenter4 ,the best of friends4 ,a great scare4 ,fine weather for ducks4 ,won't you have some8 ,don't we make a pretty picture8 ,too busy to stop4 ,no harm done4 ,i didn't mean to do it4 ,stage-struck4 ,a great success4 ,see you later4 ,a temporary quarrel4 ,a narrow escape4 ,a happy family4 ,the peace-maker4 ,a happy mother4 ,shuffle-,board ,a game which is often played on shipboard can be modified for an indoor1 rainy day game very easily4 ,this is shuffle-board1 all the outfit for which you can easily make yourself4 ,if you can have a long table that scratching will not injure your board is all ready1 but you can easily procure a common1 smooth-finished piece of plank1 two feet wide1 if possible1 and four feet long4 ,on one end mark a diagram like the preceding1 about ten inches by eight inches4 ,mark a line at the other end of the board about four inches from the edge1 put your counters on the line and you are ready to play4 ,the counters may be checkers 7or any round pieces of wood7 or twenty-five cent pieces1 or large flat buttons1 although discs of lead are the best because the heaviest4 ,your pusher should be a little tool made especially1 like the illustration1 about a foot long1 and anybody with a jack-knife can whittle a satisfactory shovel as it is called4 ,illustration ,but if an impromptu game is desired1 your counters may be pushed off with a common ruler1 with a long lead-pencil1 or even snapped with the finger nail1 though this is apt to hurt4 ,each player has six counters which he plays by three's1 thus one person begins by shoving off three of his counters toward the board on the end1 trying to make them fall on the places that count the highest4 ,the next player then shoots three of his counters1 trying not only to place his own men well but to dislodge his adversary's men if they are in good places4 ,after all have played in turn1 the first player shoots his other three counters and so on till all have played again4 ,at the close of each round the board is inspected and each person is credited with the sum of the numbers on which his men rest4 ,the game is continued thus1 until some one has reached the limit set1 which may be a hundred1 or fifty1 or any other number according to the skill of the players4 ,the counters of each player may be distinguished from the others by any distinctive sign marked on them4 ,they must not be pushed along but struck a sharp blow with your shovel4 ,the head of your shovel must not pass the line marked for the counters4 ,counters which rest on1 or touch a line do not count4 ,a very considerable degree of skill can be attained in this game and it is a never failing resource on dull days4 ,a rainy day is a good time to practice various tricks and puzzles so as to perfect yourself in performing them4 ,balancing ,tricks ,there are a number of balancing tricks which are easy and ingenious4 ,the secret of most such tricks is in keeping the centre of gravity low1 and when this idea is once mastered you can invent tricks to suit yourself4 ,for instance a tea-cup can be balanced on the point of a pencil thus3 put a cork through the handle of the cup 7it should be just large enough to be pushed in firmly7 and stick a fork into it1 with two prongs on each side of the handle1 and with the handle under the bottom of the cup4 7,fig4 #a47 ,the centre of gravity is thus made low1 and if you experiment a little and have a little skill1 and a steady hand you can balance the whole on a pencil's point4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #a ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #b ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #c ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #d ,or you can balance a coin edgeway on a needle's point4 ,the needle is stuck firmly into the cork of a bottle1 and the coin is fixed in a slit cut in a cork1 in which two forks are stuck4 7,fig4 #b47 ,the simplest of these tricks is to balance a pencil on the tip of your finger by sticking two pen-knives in it1 one on each side4 7,fig4 #c47 ,a cork with two forks stuck in it can be made to balance almost anywhere--on the neck of a bottle from which the contents are being poured for instance4 7,see fig4 #d47 ,amusing toys can be constructed on this principle4 ,tumbling dolls are made of light wood or cork1 glued to the flat side of a half bullet4 ,no matter how often they are knocked flat1 they rise again at once4 ,the ,dancing ,egg ,another good trick that needs a little practice is to make an egg dance4 ,boil an egg hard1 keeping it in an upright position 7between cups set in the water or in some other way74 ,then turn a plate bottom side up and put the egg on it4 ,turn the plate around1 more and more quickly1 always holding it flat and level1 and the egg will rise on its end and stand quite straight while it spins about4 ,the ,dancing ,pea ,a pea can be made to dance on a column of air as you sometimes see a rubber ball rising and falling in a fountain of water4 ,take a piece of a clay pipe about three inches long1 and make one end into a little rounded cup1 by cutting the clay carefully with a knife or file4 ,then run two small pins cross-wise through a big1 round pea1 put the end of one pin in the pipe and hold the pipe in an upright position over your mouth4 ,blow gently through the pipe and the pea will dance up and down4 ,the ,glass-,maker ,another trick to play with pins is the glass-making pin4 ,cut an ordinary rubber band in two1 and stick a bent pin through the middle of this4 ,now hold an end of the elastic in each hand and whirl it rapidly around1 stretching it a little4 ,the revolving pin will at once assume the appearance of a tiny glass vase1 or tumbler1 and the shape can be varied at will4 ,it is best to have a strong ray of light on the pin and the rest of the room darkened4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,glass-,,maker ,electricity ,various tricks can be played by means of the electricity in paper4 ,ordinary sealing wax1 rubbed briskly on a coat-sleeve until it is warm will attract bits of tissue paper1 or any other soft paper4 ,a variation on jack-straws can be played by means of this trick4 ,tiny scraps of tissue paper1 each numbered1 are piled in the centre of the table and each player by means of a piece of sealing wax tries to draw out the greatest number in the shortest time4 ,this is a fascinating game and arranged impromptu in a very short time4 ,the pieces of paper need not be of tissue paper1 as any very thin paper will do4 ,they should be about a quarter of an inch wide by an inch long and numbered up to twenty4 ,they must be removed from the centre pile and put in piles before the players without touching with the fingers4 ,it will be found that shaking them off the sealing wax is often harder than making them stick to it4 ,of course an effort should be made to secure those pieces of paper which have the largest numbers on them1 as a few of these count more than many of the others4 ,electric dancers are easy to make4 ,cut little figures out of tissue paper and lay them on the table4 ,put on each side of them two books and lay a sheet of glass over them about an inch and a half above them4 ,rub the glass briskly with a flannel cloth and they will jump up and down4 ,illustration3 ,,electric ,,dancers ,a rubber comb rubbed with a silk handkerchief will attract small bits of paper1 feathers or wool4 ,various games and tricks can be devised by this means1 such as bringing the dead to life1 i4 e41 raising paper figures to an upright position from a grave made of books1 or a box4 ,,outdoor ,,games ,,for ,,girls ,outdoor games for girls and outdoor games for boys are very often the same1 although they are separated here for the sake of convenience4 ,battledore and ,shuttlecock ,battledore and ,shuttlecock is equally good for one player or for two4 ,the only game to be played is to see how long the shuttlecock can be kept in the air4 ,if you are alone the best way is to set yourself a number1 say a hundred1 and persevere until you reach it4 ,this can be varied by striving to reach1 say1 thirty1 by first hitting the ball each time as hard as possible1 and then hitting it very gently so that it hardly rises at all4 ,jumping ,rope ,ordinary skipping is good enough fun for most of us1 but for those who are not satisfied with it there is skipping extraordinary1 one feat of which is now and then to send the rope round twice before you touch the ground again4 ,to do this1 as it cannot be done with a mere rope1 you must make a new rope of whipcord1 in the middle of which you place a small chain about a foot long4 ,this chain gives the weight necessary for whirling the rope very swiftly through the air4 ,tom ,tiddler's ,ground ,the player who is first going to be ,tom ,tiddler stands or sits inside the part of the garden 7or room7 marked off for him1 pretending to be asleep4 ,the others venture on his ground1 crying1 ,here we are on ,tom ,tiddler's ground1 picking up gold and silver4 ,as ,tom still sleeps they grow bolder and bolder until he suddenly awakens and dashes for them4 ,the one that is caught becomes ,tom ,tiddler4 ,tom may not cross the boundary-line4 ,old ,stone ,another ,tom ,tiddler's ,ground4 ,one player crouches down pretending to be a stone4 ,the others run round about her1 gradually1 as she shows no sign of life1 getting nearer and more bold4 ,the stone suddenly leaps up and begins to chase them1 and the one caught is the old stone4 ,hen and ,chickens ,even more exciting than ,tom ,tiddler's ,ground is ,hen and ,chickens4 ,in this game one player represents a fox and sits on the ground looking sly and hungry4 ,the others1 who are the hen and chickens1 form a procession1 holding each other's skirts or coats by both hands1 and march past the fox1 saying in turn-- ,chickany1 chickany1 crany crow1 ,i went to the well to wash my toe1 ,and when ,i came back a chicken was dead4 ,then they leave go of each other and stand round the fox1 and the leader1 the hen1 says1 ,what are you doing1 old fox8 ,the fox replies1 ,making a fire2 and the conversation goes on like this3-- ,the ,hen3 ,what for8 ,the ,fox3 ,to boil some water4 ,the ,hen3 ,what is the water for8 ,the ,fox3 ,to scald a chicken4 ,the ,hen3 ,where will you get it8 ,the ,fox3 ,out of your flock4 ,with these words the fox springs up and the hen and chickens run in all directions4 ,the chicken that is caught becomes the new fox1 and the old fox is the new hen1 the leader of the procession4 ,the same game is played by ,essex children with an old woman in place of the fox1 and with different words4 ,in this case the hen and chickens make a procession in front of a player who personates an old weeping woman4 ,as they march by1 the hen sings-- ,chickens1 come clock1 come clock1 come clock1 ,chickens1 come clock1 come clock1 come clock1 ,the hawks are away and the crows are asleep1 ,it's time that my chickens had something to eat4 ,then they leave go of each other and stand round the old weeping woman1 and between her and the hen the following conversation is held3 ,the ,hen3 ,what are you crying for1 my poor old woman8 ,the ,old ,woman3 ,because ,i've lost my needle4 ,the ,hen3 ,what do you want a needle for8 ,the ,old ,woman3 ,to sew a bag with4 ,the ,hen3 ,what do you want a bag for8 ,the ,old ,woman3 ,to put salt in4 ,the ,hen3 ,what do you want salt for8 ,the ,old ,woman3 ,to scour a saucepan4 ,the ,hen3 ,what do you want a saucepan for8 ,the ,old ,woman3 ,to boil one of your chickens in4 ,the old woman then leaps up and tries to catch a chicken1 and the hen tries to stop her4 ,other ,garden ,games ,many of the games described in other parts of this book are good also for the garden2 such as ,still ,pond6 ,no ,more ,moving6 7p4 #d71 ,puss in the ,corner 7p4 #g71 ,honey-pots 7p4 #aa71 ,nuts in ,may 7p4 #ab71 ,here ,i ,bake 7p4 #ac71 ,lady ,queen ,anne 7p4 #bj71 ,the ,mulberry ,bush 7p4 #bh71 and ,looby1 ,looby 7p4 #bi74 ,witches ,witches is a home-made game played thus1 according to the description of ,e4 ,h4--,one player is made witch4 ,a good spot is chosen for home1 and here the others wait until the witch has had time to hide4 ,the idea is that the country round is preyed upon by the witch1 home being the only place where she has no power4 ,the rest of the children have to explore the witch's country without being caught by her4 ,it must be a point of honor to leave no suspicious place unexamined4 ,the child chosen for witch need not be a particularly fast runner1 but she must be clever and a good dodger4 ,any one that the witch succeeds in touching is at once turned to stone and may not stir except as she is moved about by the witch1 who chooses a spot to stand her victim in as far removed from home as possible4 ,the stone can be released only by some other child finding her and dragging her safely home1 where the spell ceases to act4 ,but until actually home the victim remains stone1 so that if the rescuer is surprised by the witch and lets go her hold1 the stone has to stand where she is left and is so recovered by the witch4 ,the witch must not1 of course1 guard her prisoners too closely4 ,she ought to try and intercept the rescuers on their way home1 rather than spring upon them in the act of finding the stone4 ,but each time the stone is recovered the witch may place her in a more inaccessible spot1 so that it becomes more and more dangerous to release her4 ,sometimes at the end of the game all the children are turned to stone in different parts of the garden1 but sometimes1 of course1 a swift runner will outstrip the witch and drag the victim safely home4 ,a clever witch acts the part too--appearing and disappearing suddenly1 prowling about in a crouching attitude1 making gestures of hate and rage1 and so on4 ,the ,ballad ,game ,another home-made game is described by ,e4 ,h4 thus3--,the game is taken from the player's favorite ballads4 ,in our play the eldest of the four players1 who was also the best organizer1 represented the cruel father4 ,the youngest little girl was the fair damsel4 ,the other two represented the wicked lover and the faithful knight1 the part of the faithful knight being taken by the fleetest of the party to balance the combination of the father and the wicked lover4 ,the game begins by the fair damsel being imprisoned in the coach-house because she refuses to marry the wicked lover4 7,of course any shed would do47 ,here she waits until her knight comes to rescue her1 and they escape together1 pursued by the other two4 ,if the lovers succeed in getting away the story has a happy ending2 but the more dramatic ending is the tragic one1 when the faithful knight is overtaken1 and after killing the cruel father and the wicked lover1 himself dies of his wounds1 the fair damsel slaying herself with his sword over his dead body4 ,the interest of this game is greatly increased by having retainers4 ,these are armies of sticks which are planted at particular corners4 ,there must be some mark by which your own retainers can be distinguished from the enemy's4 ,for instance1 the faithful knight may have peeled sticks and the others unpeeled4 ,if1 when charging round the house1 you come across a troop of the enemy's retainers1 you cannot go on until you have thrown them all down1 as they are set to guard the pass4 ,so1 if the lovers are escaping and they find their way blocked by the father's retainers 7the father and the wicked lover may have separate sets of retainers1 in which case the war is always bitterest between the two rivals1 as the father's retainers are sometimes spared for the damsel's sake71 they have to lose time by first overcoming the retainers and that gives time to their pursuers to come up4 ,but if they are so far in advance that they can stop to set up their own retainers in the place of the enemy1 it serves to give them further time to make good their escape1 as the others have to wait to overthrow the knight's sticks in their turn4 ,in no case are you allowed to take away your enemy's sticks4 ,if the lovers are overtaken1 the rivals have to fight1 and meanwhile the father once more carries off and imprisons the damsel4 ,counting-,out ,rhymes ,to decide who is to begin a game there are various counting-out rhymes4 ,all the players stand in a circle1 surrounding the one who counts4 ,at each pause in the rhyme 7which occurs wherever a stroke has been placed in the versions which follow7 this one touches the players in turn until the end is reached4 ,the player to whom the last number comes is to begin4 ,this is one rhyme3-- ,eena-a1 deen-a1 dine-a1 dust1 ,cat'll-a1 ween-a1 wine-a1 wust1 ,spin1 spon1 must be done1 ,twiddlum1 twaddlum1 twenty-one4 ,o- ,u- ,t spells out4 ,others3-- ,intery1 mintery1 cutery corn1 ,apple seed and apple thorn2 ,wine1 brier1 limber lock1 ,five geese in a flock2 ,sit and sing by a spring ,o- ,u- ,t and in again4 ,one-ery1 two-ery1 ,ziccary zan2 ,hollowbone1 crack-a-bone1 ,ninery1 ten2 ,spittery spot1 ,must be done1 ,twiddledum1 twaddledum1 ,twenty-one4 ,ring around a ring-pot1 ,one spot two spot three spot san ,bob-tailed winnie-wack tittero tan ,ham ,scram ,fortune man ,singum sangum ,buck6 ,daisy ,chains ,the old way of making a daisy chain is to split one stalk and thread the next through it up to the head1 as in this drawing4 ,that is for out-of-doors4 ,if you are using the chain for decorations indoors1 it is perhaps better to cut off the stalks and thread the heads on cotton2 but there seems to be no great need to use daisies in this way at all4 ,illustration3 ,,daisy ,,chain ,an ivy chain is made by passing the stalk of one leaf through the point of another and then bending it round and putting it through the point of its own leaf1 the hole thus made being used for the stalk of the next1 and so on1 as in this drawing4 ,illustration3 ,,ivy ,,chain ,flower ,show ,a flower-show competition is an excellent garden game4 ,a handkerchief on sticks forms the tent4 ,underneath this is a bed of sand in which the flowers1 singly or in groups1 can be fixed4 ,some one can easily be persuaded to come out of the house to act as judge4 ,garden ,shop ,shop in the garden or out-of-doors is played with various things that resemble articles of food4 ,thus you can get excellent coffee from sorrel1 and capital little bundles of rhubarb can be made by taking a rhubarb leaf and cutting the ribs into stalks4 ,small stones make very good imitation potatoes1 and the heads of marguerite daisies on a plate will easily pass for poached eggs4 ,flower ,symbols ,in this place a word might be said about some of the curious things to be found in flowers and plants4 ,if you cut the stalk of a brake fern low down1 in ,september1 you find a spreading oak tree4 ,the pansy contains a picture of a man in a pulpit4 ,a poppy is easily transformed into an old woman in a red gown4 ,the snap-dragon1 when its sides are pinched1 can be made to yawn4 ,the mallow contains a minute cheese4 ,by blowing the fluff on a dandelion that has run to seed you can tell 7more or less correctly7 the time of day4 ,an ear of barley will run up your sleeve if the pointed end is laid just within it2 and an apple's seeds make exquisite little mice4 ,summer ,houses ,if the garden has no summer-house or tent a very good one can be made with a clothes-horse and a rug4 ,,outdoor ,,games ,,for ,,boys ,this book is written for children who need help in amusing themselves4 ,it is natural that there should be some difficulty about thinking of games for indoors1 or when there is a problem of a large company to amuse2 but it is hard to imagine any healthy boy1 turned loose out of doors1 who cannot take care of his own entertainment4 ,the number of things to do is without limit and the boy so uninventive as to be at a loss with all outdoors before him must be in a sad way4 ,hence there has been no effort made in this chapter to make an exhaustive list of outdoor games1 only those being given which are suggestive1 that is1 which can be infinitely varied according to your ingenuity2 which are1 so to speak1 the first of a series4 ,also1 the rules of regular games are not given here 7such as baseball1 football1 hockey1 etc474 ,there are plenty of small manuals1 given away with the outfits for these games1 which print in much more detail than would be possible here1 their principles4 ,more than that1 most boys absorb a general knowledge of these games through their pores1 and need a book only to settle some small1 knotty1 disputed point of ruling4 ,one of the best things to have when out of doors is a ball4 ,there is no end to the uses one can make of it4 ,ball ,games ,the simplest thing to do with a ball is to catch it2 and the quicker one is in learning to catch well the better baseball player one will become4 ,ordinary catching in a ring is good1 but the practice is better if you try to throw the ball each time so that the player to whom you throw it shall not need to move his feet in order to catch it4 ,this teaches straight throwing too4 ,long and high throwing and catching1 and hard throwing and catching 7standing as close together as you dare71 are important4 ,there is also dodge-catching1 where you pretend to throw to one player and really throw to another and thus take him unawares4 ,all these games can be varied and made more difficult by using only one hand1 right or left1 for catching4 ,ball ,games ,alone ,a boy with a ball need never be very lonely4 ,when tired of catching it in the ordinary way he can practice throwing the ball straight into the air until1 without his moving from his place1 it falls absolutely on him each time4 ,he can throw it up and catch it behind him1 and if he has two others 7or stones will do7 he can strive for the juggler's accomplishment of keeping three things in the air at once4 ,every boy should practice throwing with his left hand 7or1 if he is already left-handed1 with his right73 a very useful accomplishment4 ,if it is a solid india-rubber ball and there is a blank wall1 he can make it rebound at different angles1 one good way being1 in throwing it1 to let it first hit the ground close to the wall's foot4 ,he may also pledge himself to catch it first with the right hand and then with the left for a hundred times2 or to bat it up a hundred times with a tennis racket or a flat bit of board4 ,an interesting game for one is to mark out a golf course round the garden1 making a little hole at intervals of half a dozen yards or so1 and see how many strokes are needed in going round and getting into each hole on the way4 ,races ,all kinds of races are easy to arrange and these can be repeated from day to day as your proficiency increases4 ,here are a few4 ,the ,spanish race1 sometimes called the ,wheelbarrow race1 is played by forming the boys into two lines1 one standing back of the other1 and the front row on their hands and knees4 ,at a signal to begin1 each boy on the back row takes hold of the ankles of the boy is front of him and lifts his knees off the ground4 ,the boy in front walking on his hands1 and the boy behind trundling him along1 make the greatest haste possible4 ,the pair who first reach the goal are the winners4 ,races may be run1 hopping on the right foot1 or on the left1 or with both together1 or with first a hop and then a jump4 ,it is well to appoint one of the boys umpire during these odd races1 to see that they are run fairly and none of the rules agreed upon are broken4 ,a sack race is fun4 ,each boy is tied into a gunny sack and shuffles his way to the goal4 ,a substitute for this is the three-legged race1 run by two boys4 ,they stand side by side1 and the right leg of one is tied to the left leg of the other and so with three legs between them they must somehow get to the goal4 ,hands and knees races1 backward races 7run with your back to the goal71 races with burdens on your back1 or balancing a pole across your hand or on the tip of your finger--there is no limit to the ones you can invent4 ,but the best ones1 after all1 are the plain old trials of speed4 ,there is no more fun than a good running race1 and a walking race is next to it4 ,bicycle races are apt to be dangerous and a course that is very wide should always be selected4 ,quoits ,quoits is a game not played as much as it should be by ,american boys4 ,it is easy to arrange1 for although there is an outfit sold in the toy shops1 a home-made one is just as good4 ,it consists of a collection of horseshoes and a stake driven in the ground--certainly not a difficult apparatus to assemble4 ,the stake should not project more than an inch above the ground and the players1 according to the grown-up rules1 should stand about fifteen yards away from the stake 7which is usually called the hub74 ,but for boys the distance from the hub can be determined by your skill4 ,you may increase it as you improve with practice4 ,every player has a certain number of quoits 7horseshoes7 and standing at a fixed distance from the hub he tries to pitch them so that they will go as near as possible to the hub4 ,some very good players can cast a quoit so that it falls about the hub4 ,this is called a ringer and counts ten1 but it is a rare shot4 ,every one pitches his quoits and then all go to the hub and reckon up the score4 ,the one whose quoits lie nearest to the hub counts one point for each quoit1 but each quoit entitled to count must be nearer the hub than any of the opponents' quoits4 ,this continues until the score is complete4 ,people usually play for eleven4 ,this game can be played with flat stones instead of horseshoes and with any rules that you choose to make4 ,duck on a ,rock ,duck on a ,rock is a variation of ,quoits which is excellent fun4 ,one of the players1 chosen by counting out1 puts a stone 7called in this game the duck7 about as big as his fist1 on the top of a smooth rock and stands near it4 ,all the other players have similar ducks and try to dislodge the one on the rock by throwing their stones1 or ducks at it4 ,as soon as each has thrown his duck he tries to watch his chance to run up to it and carry it back before the player standing by the rock can touch him4 ,when some one knocks off the duck from the rock the it 7the player by the rock7 must put it back before he can tag any of the players4 ,this is therefore1 of course1 the great time for a rush of all the players to recover their ducks and get back to their own territory before the it can tag them4 ,if any player is touched by the it while attempting to rescue his duck he must become it and put his duck on the rock4 ,bowling ,bowling is the best of sports but this usually needs too much apparatus for the average boy to have4 ,nine pins1 however1 can be arranged in a rough sort of a way1 by setting up sticks and bowling at them with round apples4 ,your own ingenuity will devise ways to use the materials you find about you4 ,hop-,scotch ,hop-scotch is a great favorite which scarcely needs a description1 although there are various ways of marking the boards4 ,the game is played by any number of persons1 each of whom kicks a small stone from one part to another of the diagram by hopping about on one foot4 ,the diagram is drawn on a smooth piece of ground with a pointed stick or on a pavement with a bit of chalk4 ,the most usual figure is given here4 ,to begin1 a player puts a pebble or bit of wood into the place marked #a1 and then1 hopping into it with his right foot1 he kicks the counter outside the diagram4 ,then hopping out himself1 he kicks it 7with the foot on which he is hopping7 into the part marked #b4 ,he hops through #a to #b1 kicks the counter out again1 and follows it out4 ,this continues until he has kicked the counter in and out of every space in the diagram1 without stepping on a line1 or so casting the counter that it rests on a line4 ,if this occurs he is put back a space1 and it is the turn of the next player4 ,each one plays until he has made a fault1 and when it is his turn again1 he takes up the game where he left off4 ,the one who first gets through the required figures is the winner4 ,illustration ,there is literally no end to the variations of this game1 either in the diagram used or in the rules4 ,sometimes when people become very skilful they play it backward1 and sometimes at the end the player is required to place the pebble on his toe and kick it in the air1 catching it in his hand4 ,strength ,tests ,various trials of strength are good for boys out of doors1 provided rules are fixed and adhered to4 ,cane-spreeing is good sport1 but should only be tried by boys pretty well matched in size and strength4 ,a cane 7or broom-stick7 about three feet long is held by two boys facing each other1 each with a hand on each end of the cane1 the respective right hands being outside the lefts1 that is1 nearest to the end4 ,then one tries to get the cane away from the other4 ,it sounds simple1 but there are a great variety of strategic tricks to be learned by practice4 ,no struggle should last more than two minutes by the watch1 when the boys should stop and get breath4 ,the feet are not used1 but it is quite allowable to use your body1 if you get down on the ground in a sort of wrestling4 ,hare and ,hounds ,hare and ,hounds can be played either in the country or the city and is fine fun1 although it should be begun with a short run4 ,in the excitement of the chase boys are apt to forget1 and over-strain themselves4 ,the hares are two players who have a bag of small paper pieces which they scatter after them from time to time as they run4 ,they are given a start of five or ten minutes and then all the others1 who are the hounds1 start after them1 tracing their course by the bits of paper4 ,in the city the hares take a piece of chalk and mark an arrow on the wall thus ---- showing in which direction they have gone4 ,good stout shoes should be worn to run in1 or you will blister your feet4 ,dog-,stick ,a game for city pavements or for smooth country roads has so many names that it is difficult to say which is its right one1 but a common one is dog-stick4 ,it is played something like hockey1 the aim being to get a ball or counter over your opponent's goal line4 ,the ball in this case is not a ball but a piece of wood which you can make yourself1 of an odd shape4 ,it is like a flattened ball with a tail to it4 ,with a club or stick you strike the tail so that the ball springs up in the air and then before it falls you strike it with your club toward your enemy's goal line4 ,the players are divided into sides who try to defend their goal lines and to send back the ball to the other side4 ,make your own rules as experience teaches you is fair4 ,other ,games ,the endless variations of leap-frog should not be forgotten in devising outdoor games3 and tournaments of long or broad jumping and high jumping are good4 ,stilts and the games to be arranged with them are also another great resource4 ,and the seasons bring1 as regularly as flowers and snow1 the round of tops1 and kites and marbles4 ,of these last a very summary account is given here as most boys and regions have their own rules4 ,marbles ,the first thing to learn in ,marbles is the way that the marble should be held4 ,of course one can have very good games by bowling the marble1 as if it were a ball1 or holding it between the thumb-nail and the second joint of the first finger and shooting it with the thumb from there2 but these ways are wrong4 ,the correct way is to hold it between the tip of the forefinger and the first joint of the thumb4 ,marbles are divided into taws1 or well-made strong marbles with which you shoot1 and clays1 or the ordinary cheap colored marbles at which you aim and with which you pay your losses4 ,ring ,taw ,two or three boys with marbles could never have difficulty in hitting on a game to play with them1 but the best regular game for several players is ,ring ,taw4 ,a chalk ring is made on as level a piece of ground as there is1 and each player puts a clay on it at regular distances from each other4 ,a line from which to shoot during the first round is then drawn two yards or so from the ring1 and the game begins by the player who has won the right of leading off 7a real advantage7 knuckling down on the line and shooting at one of the marbles in the ring4 ,if a player knocks a marble out of the ring1 that marble is his and he has the right to shoot again from the place where his taw comes to a stand2 but if in knocking a marble out of the ring his taw remains in it 7or if his taw remains in it under any condition whatever71 he has to put all the marbles he has won into the ring1 in addition to one for a fine1 and take up his taw and play no more till the next game4 ,there is one exception to this rule3 ,if only one marble is left in the ring1 and if1 in knocking it out1 a player's taw remains in the ring1 he does not suffer1 because the game is then over4 ,the other two rules are these3 ,if a player succeeds in hitting the taw of another the owner of that taw not only must leave the game but hand over any marbles he has won4 7,in no case are taws parted with47 ,also1 if it happens that only two players are left1 and one of these has his taw hit1 that ends the game1 for the player who hit it not only has the marble of the taw's owner but all the marbles left in the ring too4 ,ring ,taw can be played by as few as two players2 but in this case they must each put several marbles in the ring4 ,to decide which player is to begin1 it is customary for them all to aim at the ring from the knuckling-down line1 and whichever one places his taw nearest to the middle of the ring has the right to lead4 ,other ,games ,other garden games for boys will be found in the ,picnic section4 ,we might mention also ,steps 7p4 #d71 ,tug of ,war 7p4 #ch71 and ,potato ,races 7p4 #dj74 ,,picnic ,,games ,a picnic may be either a complicated affair which has occupied you all the day before1 or the most impromptu expedition which you arrange on the spur of the minute2 and the last kind are often more fun4 ,any place out of doors will answer for a picnic1 but if possible it should be near water4 ,anything will answer for a picnic lunch1 but it is pleasant1 if older people are with you1 if you are allowed to have fires to do some outdoor cooking4 ,this is always easier than it sounds and adds infinitely to the fun of the lunch4 ,bacon is one of the easiest things to cook outdoors1 all that is needed being a forked stick which you can cut for yourselves4 ,the strip of bacon is impaled on the forks and toasted over the fire1 each person cooking his own slice and eating it on bread4 ,or with two larger forked sticks a steak can be deliciously broiled for the whole company1 or chops can be cooked4 ,it is the easiest and most delightful task to arrange a sort of cooking-hole of stones over which the coffee pot may be set and potatoes may be boiled over another similar hole4 ,you will find that it is far better to have a number of very tiny little fires entirely separated from each other1 than one big bonfire which is almost sure to grow unmanageable4 ,it will be seen that it is far easier to take a big piece of bacon 7to be sliced after reaching the picnic grounds7 a loaf or two of bread and raw potatoes than to spend hours in making sandwiches and packing cake4 ,beside the things cooked out of doors always taste so much better4 ,great care should be taken to put out every spark of fire before going home1 and to leave no scraps of paper1 or egg-shells lying about4 ,these should be burned or buried4 ,it1 ,touch ,last1 or ,tag ,for a short time ,it is a good warming game4 ,it is the simplest of all games4 ,the ,it runs after the others until he touches one4 ,the one touched then becomes ,it4 ,touchwood ,the name explains the game1 which is played as ,it is played1 except that you can be caught only when you are not touching wood4 ,it is a good game where there are trees4 ,it is1 of course1 not fair to carry a piece of wood4 ,cross ,tag ,this is the ordinary ,tag1 save that if1 while the ,it is chasing one player1 another runs across the trail between him and the pursued1 the ,it has to abandon the player he was at first after and give chase to the one who has crossed4 ,a good variety of tag is ,french ,tag4 ,the first one caught must join hands with the ,it1 the next one with him1 etc41 and so on in a long line all running together4 ,any one can catch an opponent1 but the original ,it must touch him before he can take his place in the line4 ,the ,little ,dog ,the players form a ring1 leaving one outside1 who passes round it singing1 ,i have a little dog and he won't bite you1 and as he does so1 touching each player in turn with a knotted pocket-handkerchief4 ,and he won't bite you1 ,and he won't bite you1 he calls to one after the other1 and then suddenly changes this to ,but he will bite you4 ,the player touched when this is said has to run after the toucher with all his might4 ,when caught they change places4 ,hunt the ,squirrel ,all the players except one join a ring4 ,this one1 with a knotted handkerchief in his hand1 walks round the outside of the ring for a while1 and then1 dropping the handkerchief behind one of the players1 runs off crying-- ,hunt the squirrel through the wood4 ,now ,i've lost him--now ,i've found him6 ,hunt the squirrel through the wood4 ,the player behind whom the handkerchief was dropped must catch the squirrel before he can take up the empty place in the ring left by the pursuer4 ,it is more fun if1 in dropping the handkerchief1 it can be done without the player discovering it for a little while4 ,the way in which old-fashioned country children play this game 7called usually ,drop the handkerchief71 is a little different4 ,as the one with the handkerchief walks around and around the outside of the ring all join in singing1 ,a tisket6 ,a tasket6 ,a green and yellow basket6 ,i sent a letter to my love ,and now ,i find ,i've lost it4 ,i've lost it6 ,i've lost it6 ,and where do you think ,i found it8 ,up in the sky1 ever so high ,with angels gathered 'round it4 ,as the words ,i've lost it6 are repeated1 the player outside must drop the handkerchief1 but no one must look behind him until the verse is ended4 ,then the one who finds the handkerchief behind him must try to catch the first one1 who in turn tries to slip into the empty place4 ,gaps ,the players form a ring3 all except one1 who is ,it4 ,this one runs round the ring and touches one of the players in the circle4 ,they both set off running immediately in opposite directions1 the object of each being to get first to the gap made in the circle by the player who was touched4 ,the one who gets to the gap first remains in the circle1 while the other becomes ,it4 ,twos and ,threes1 or ,terza ,a very good picnic game4 ,all the players except two form a large ring1 standing in twos1 one behind another4 ,of the two who are over1 one is the pursuer and the other the pursued2 and the game is begun by the pursued taking up his position 7if he can do so before the pursuer catches him7 in front of one of the couples in the ring1 thus making three4 ,directly he does this he is safe1 and the last player in the little group at the back of him has to run4 ,whoever is caught becomes the pursuer1 while the one that caught him becomes the pursued until1 by standing in front of one of the couples1 he transfers that office to another4 ,hide and ,seek ,hide and ,seek1 which is perhaps the best out-of-door game without implements1 needs no explanation4 ,it is usual to give the player who hides a start of as much time as it takes the others to count a hundred in4 ,some boys1 instead of counting from one to a hundred1 divide the sum into ten tens1 which are counted thus3 #a1 #b1 #c1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #a2 #a1 #b1 #c1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #a2 and so on4 ,these can be rattled through so quickly that your #ajj is done and you have started out before1 in the ordinary way1 seventy would have been reached4 ,a customary arrangement to avoid taking the hiders too much by surprise is for the boy who stays at the base and counts a hundred to call out when he finishes ,bushel of wheat6 ,bushel of rye6 ,all that aren't ready call out ',i'6 or simply ,one6 ,two6 ,three6 ,look out for me6 ,i ,spy ,i ,spy combines ,hide and ,seek and ,tag4 ,one player stays in the base1 covers his eyes and counts a hundred1 while the others run off and hide4 ,on finishing the hundred the player shouts ,coming6 and runs out to look for the others4 ,directly he catches sight of one of them 7and they are not hidden so carefully as in ,hide and ,seek71 he calls out his name and the place where he has seen him2 as1 for instance1 ,harry6 behind the summer-house6 ,if there is no mistake and the name is right 7it is very often wrong1 in which case the player does not move71 ,harry has to run out and try and catch the other before he reaches the base4 ,another way is for as many players to seek as to hide4 ,in this case it is agreed beforehand as to how many of the seekers must be caught by the hiders for the game to be won4 ,if the number is given at four and four are caught1 the same side have the privilege of hiding again2 but if only three or a smaller number1 then the seekers have won and it is they who hide next time4 ,chevy1 or ,prisoner's ,base ,there is no better running game than this4 ,you first pick sides and then mark off the two camps and take up your station there4 ,the field is arranged thus3-- ,place for ,place for ,a's ,b's prisoners4 prisoners4 ------------ ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,a's ,camp4 ,b's ,camp4 ,the game is opened by several of the ,a side running out to some point immediately in front of the two camps4 ,when ready they call ,chevy4 ,as many of the ,b side then start out to pursue them1 each calling his particular quarry by name4 ,the object of each ,a man is either to get back before the ,b man who is after him can catch him1 or to tempt the ,b man into ground so near the ,a camp that he may be caught4 ,in this aim he is helped by the fact that directly his ,b pursuer called his name and started out another ,a man probably called out the name of the ,b man and started to cut him off4 ,no one is allowed to be pursued by two players at once4 ,if caught1 the ,a man has to go to the place reserved for ,b's prisoners4 ,directly he gets there he calls ,rescue2 an ,a man will then call ,prisoner1 and rush out to relieve him2 while a ,b runner is all ready to intercept this ,a rescuer if he can4 ,the game is good both for runners who can keep it up a long time and for those who can make short1 sharp dashes4 ,the first named decoy the enemy out in pursuit1 and the others hold themselves ready to dash across in front of the enemy's camp and cut off any one who is across the line4 ,the rule as to shouting the name of the man you have marked down should be kept4 ,if there is more than one prisoner they stand just touching hands1 in a line which reaches as far as possible toward their own camp1 so that the distance between the first prisoner and the rescuer may be shortened4 ,each new prisoner takes up his place at the back of this line1 farthest from the camp4 ,a prisoner is rescued by being touched4 ,if one side is much weaker than the other a time comes when it is nearly all taken prisoner1 with none to rescue except by leaving the camp undefended4 ,directly a camp is left undefended one of the enemy steps in and crowns it and claims the game4 ,more often than not1 however1 a game of ,chevy is left undecided4 ,it does not matter in the least1 for in this game the fun is more in playing than in winning4 ,french and ,english ,for this game the ground must be divided by a path or line into two territories--,french and ,english4 ,at the further side of each territory a number of flags--handkerchiefs will do--must be placed at intervals4 ,the players are then divided into the two nations1 and the game consists in each side trying to get the flags from the other side1 to guard its own1 and to catch the enemy when he is off his own ground4 ,once a player sets foot upon the enemy's territory he must go on1 but he cannot be caught if he has a flag in his hands4 ,if he is caught he becomes a prisoner 7as in ,chevy71 and is only released by being touched by one of his own party4 ,a player cannot redeem a prisoner and take a flag at the same time4 ,the game ends when all the flags of one side have been taken4 ,black ,man ,this is rather rough4 ,a line is drawn at each end of the playing place and one player is told off to stand between these lines4 ,the object of the others is to run across1 from base to base1 without being caught by him3 being caught meaning not merely being touched1 as in ,it1 but being really held and stopped4 ,each one that is caught has to stay in the middle to help catch the others1 until no one is left to run across at all4 ,the player in the middle calls out to the crowd of players1 ,what'll you do when the black man comes8 and they answer1 ,run right through ,and never mind you4 ,this is the signal to begin each rush across from one line to the other4 ,stagarino ,stagarino is similar to ,black ,man1 except that all the players who are caught1 and whose business it is to catch the others1 join hands4 ,those that run across have therefore to avoid them or to try and break through the wall of arms4 ,red ,rover ,red ,rover is also similar to ,black ,man1 except that instead of all running at the same time1 the ,rover calls out3-- ,red ,rover6 ,red ,rover6 ,let 7mentioning name7 come over6 at which the one named has to run from one base to the other4 ,if he is caught1 he must assist the ,rover in catching the others4 ,hop1 ,step1 and ,jump ,this is a change from ordinary racing4 ,the competitors1 instead of running against each other1 see which can cover the most distance in a hop1 a step1 and a jump1 or1 say1 three hops1 three steps1 and three jumps4 ,it needs an umpire to watch very carefully that the step begins exactly where the hop left off and the jump where the step finished4 ,follow-,my-,leader ,this needs no explaining4 ,it is nearly always good fun for a while1 and particularly so if the leader has original ideas4 ,,out ,,for ,a ,,walk ,on country walks1 where there is much to see1 one should not be in need of ways to make the time seem shorter4 ,and new walks in the town1 or walks where there are interesting shop-windows1 are not dull4 ,but the same walks again and again can be very tiring2 and it is to help these that the methods which follow have been collected4 ,a good walking pastime for two is for one to drive the other4 ,hoops are a great help 7see p4 #afi7 and so are dolls' perambulators4 ,but on many walks nothing of this kind is allowed1 and one has to fall back on conversation4 ,telling stories in turns1 or making up stories about passers-by1 is useful1 but it is not every one that is able to do this4 ,roadside ,whist ,in the ,channel ,islands visitors riding about in large wagonettes pass the time by playing a game called ,roadside ,whist4 ,the people on the left seat of the carriage take the right side of the road1 and those on the right seat take the left4 ,the conductor teaches them the rules at the beginning of the drive4 ,in our case it is better perhaps to make them for ourselves1 to suit our own particular country4 ,let us suppose that-- ,if you see ,a baby in arms you score #a ,a baby in a perambulator #c ,a white horse #e ,a ladder against a house #b ,a woman in a white apron #a ,a butcher's cart #a ,a street gate #b ,a postman #e ,then there should be a few things for which marks have to be taken off4 ,let us suppose that-- ,if you see ,a pug dog you lose #b ,a piebald horse #d ,an open gate #b ,a flock of sheep #c ,a soldier #aj ,no matter what the score is1 whichever side sees a cat on a window-ledge wins the game4 ,counting ,dogs ,in a town there are other varieties of roadside whist for two players or sides4 ,counting dogs is one4 ,in this game one takes all the streets leading from the left1 the other all from the right4 ,guessing ,horses' ,tails ,a good game 7writes ,e4 ,r47 while out for a walk is when you see a horse coming1 guess what color his tail is before he can reach you1 and then1 whoever guesses right1 the horse belongs to him4 ,shop-,windows ,except in very dull streets shop-windows can be always entertaining4 ,it is interesting to suppose you have so much money--say five dollars--to spend1 or1 if you like1 an unlimited sum1 and choose what you would buy as you pass each shop1 ,e4 ,h4 writes3--,one little girl used to suppose that she was the eldest of a large family whom she had to provide for1 and was always on the lookout for things in the shops that would do for her younger brothers and sisters4 ,for instance1 if she decided that the family must have new winter clothes1 she would first make up her mind how much she could afford and then price the things in the shop-windows4 ,sometimes she would set her heart on a particular cloak for the baby1 but could not pretend to buy it till she had seen whether it would leave her enough money for the other children4 ,if she could get all the children dressed fairly nicely for the sum at her disposal she had all the satisfaction of a successful day's shopping4 ,sometimes the clothes she wanted were too dear1 and then she had to decide what was most necessary1 what she could make at home1 and so on4 ,making ,sentences ,it is rather exciting for each player to take a side of the road where there are shops and see which can first complete a given sentence or word from the initial letters of the shopkeepers' names1 ,christian or surname4 ,in fixing upon a sentence it is well to be careful not to have unusual letters1 such as ,q1 or ,u1 or ,j in it4 ,if this is too difficult all the letters in the shopkeepers' names may be taken1 or those in every other name4 ,collecting ,jones's ,in ,mrs4 ,meynell's book1 ,the ,children1 one little girl on her walks collected ,jones's--that is1 shops with the name of ,jones over them4 ,if any one else cared for this amusement there would be no need to stick to ,jones4 ,the ,love ,alphabet ,in this game you go through the alphabet1 applying adjectives to your love4 ,i love my love with an ,a because he or she is so admirable2 ,i love my love with a ,b because she is so beautiful1 and so on1 keeping to each letter as long as possible4 ,on pages #hh and #hi will be found more difficult varieties1 less suitable1 perhaps1 to be played when walking4 ,the ,cat ,alphabet ,another alphabet game requires adjectives to be put before the word cat4 ,you begin with ,a4 ,an artful cat1 one player may say2 and the next1 ,an avaricious cat4 ,perhaps ,an awful cat1 ,an adhesive cat1 ,an arrogant cat1 and ,an attractive cat1 will follow4 ,a is kept up until no one can think of any more2 or--if you play in that way--until no one can think of any more while ten is being counted4 ,then ,b3 ,a bushy cat1 ,a bruised cat1 ,a bellicose cat1 ,a bumptious cat1 and so on4 ,spelling ,in this game the players each contribute a letter toward the spelling of a word1 their object being never to be the one to complete it1 but to force the next player to do so4 ,thus 7with four players7 the first player may say p1 and the next1 thinking of prim1 may say r1 and the next1 also thinking of prim1 may say i4 ,but the fourth player1 running his thoughts quickly over possible words beginning with pri1 may light upon prism and say s4 ,this saves her1 but puts the first player in danger1 which is only averted by her thinking of prison and saying o1 in which case the next one is bound to be the loser4 ,the ,grand ,mogul ,a favorite old game which can be played as well on a walk as indoors is ,the ,grand ,mogul4 ,the ,grand ,mogul does not like ,e's1 says one player2 what will you give him for dinner8 ,each player answers in turn1 but none of the dishes named must contain the letter ,e1 or the player either stands out1 or 7indoors7 pays a forfeit4 ,thus1 the answers to the question may be apricots1 mutton1 or soup1 but not apples1 beef1 or porridge4 ,on a walk the letter ,e might be persevered with until every one failed1 and then the other vowels might be tried4 ,buz ,this is a counting game in which1 whenever the number #g comes1 or a multiple of #g1 such as #ad1 #ba1 #bh1 #ce1 or a number with #g in it1 such as #ag1 #bg1 #cg1 the player whose turn it is must say ,buz4 ,otherwise1 out-of-doors1 he loses a round or two1 or1 indoors1 he must pay a forfeit4 ,when #gj comes you say ,buz in the ordinary way1 but for #ga1 #gb1 #gc1 #gd1 #ge1 #gf1 #gh1 and #gi you say ,buz #a1 ,buz #b1 and so on4 ,for #gg you say ,buz ,buz4 ,rhyming ,lights ,in this game one player thinks of a word and gives the others a rhyme to it4 ,thus1 she may think of coal1 and she would then say1 ,i've thought of a word that rhymes to pole4 ,the others have to guess what the word is1 yet not bluntly1 as1 ,is it mole8 but like this3 ,is it a little animal that burrows8 ,no1 says the first player 7who thus has a little guessing to do herself71 ,no1 it is not mole4 ,is it a small loaf of bread8 ,no1 it is not roll4 ,is it something you eat bread and milk from8 ,no1 it is not bowl4 ,is it something you burn8 ,yes1 it is coal4 ,the player who thought of coal then finds a word for the others to guess4 ,the ,apprentice ,the ,apprentice is an old game for two or any number4 ,one says1 ,i apprenticed my son to a mentioning a tradesman or craftsman1 and the first thing be sold or made was a mentioning1 by its initial only1 something peculiar to the trade or craft4 ,the player who first guesses what the initial stands for then makes a similar remark4 ,thus1 one player may say1 ,i apprenticed my son to a blacksmith1 and the first thing he made was a ,d4 ,k4 7,door ,knocker74 ,another1 ,i apprenticed my son to a grocer1 and the first thing he sold was ,s4 ,s4 7,soft ,soap74 ,another1 ,i apprenticed my son to a gardener1 and the first thing he grew was a ,c4 ,b4 7,canterbury ,bell74 ,another1 ,i apprenticed my son to a firework manufacturer1 and the first thing he made was a ,g4 ,r4 7,golden ,rain74 ,towns and ,products ,this is a somewhat similar game bearing on geography4 ,suppose there are three players4 ,one chooses a well-known place1 say ,boston1 and begins1 ,i know a place where they sell boots1 or whatever it may be beginning with ,b4 ,the next player then knows what letter the place begins with and at once starts thinking of what place it is likely to be4 ,perhaps she settles on ,birmingham1 in which case she would say1 to indicate that the second letter of the word was ,i1 ,i know a place where they sell isinglass 7or icicles1 or inglenooks74 ,no1 says the first player1 and the third therefore has to try4 ,perhaps she decides that the place is ,brighton1 in which case she will say1 ,i know a place where they sell rockets 7or rump-steak or raisins74 ,no1 says the first player again1 and then it being her turn she gives them another light on the right word by saying1 ,i know a place where they sell oranges 7or oil1 or ocarinas71 and so on1 until the place is spelled through4 ,other ,games ,other games suitable to be played when walking are ,p's and ,q's 7p4 #hi71 ,suggestions 7p4 #ia71 ,clumps 7p4 #ic71 ,how1 ,when1 and ,where 7p4 #ie71 ,coffee-,pot 7p4 #ie71 ,throwing ,light 7p4 #if71 and ,animal1 ,vegetable1 and ,mineral 7p4 #if74 ,hoops ,iron hoops are the best1 but it is a matter of taste whether a stick or a hook is used for them4 ,if the stick is a stout one you get rid of the skidding noise made by the hook1 and there is more satisfaction in beating a thing along than in1 as it were1 pushing it4 ,it should be every one's aim to make the hoop do as much as possible with as little treatment as possible4 ,after a very fast run it is equally interesting to see how slowly a hoop can be made to travel4 ,to make it keep as straight a course as may be is very absorbing4 ,bought hoops can be strong1 but to get exactly what one wants it is necessary to go to a blacksmith4 ,a hoop standing as high as its owner1 through which he can run to and fro as it rolls1 is a possession which only a blacksmith or working-ironmonger can supply4 ,two in ,hoop ,games ,hoop games are few in number1 and1 with the exception of ,posting1 not very exciting4 ,with a large hoop and a small hoop two players can learn to time the pace of a hoop very exactly and then bowl the little one through the big one as it rolls4 ,there is also a game called ,turnpikes1 in which several players and one hoop take part4 ,the turnpikes1 of which there are as many as the players1 less the one who begins with the hoop1 are two stones an inch or so apart1 through which the hoop has to be bowled without touching1 the faster the better4 ,if it touches1 or misses1 the player who has been bowling it gives the hoop to the turnpike holder1 who then tries his fortune with it1 keeping it until he fails at any of the stones4 ,hoop ,posting ,a very good hoop game for several players is ,posting4 ,the idea is that a distance is to be covered 7as in the old posting days7 as quickly as possible by relays of riders1 and the first thing to do is to station four posts at various points along the route4 ,then1 when they are ready1 each with hoop-stick or hook1 the player with the hoop starts and bowls it as fast as he can to the first post4 ,immediately it reaches him that post takes it on1 without stopping the hoop for an instant1 to the next1 while the first one takes the place left by him2 and so on1 as often round the ring as you like4 ,when there is a time-keeper and you post against time it is even better fun4 ,the advantage of standing in a large circle is that the hoop need never be checked2 but if the circle is impossible1 you can go up and down a long line1 with checks only at each end4 ,,in ,,the ,,train ,or ,,during ,a ,,wait ,,at ,a ,,railway ,,station ,a long journey in a train--say from ,new ,york to ,chicago--can1 even if you have a window seat1 be very tiring2 but without a window it is sometimes almost unendurable4 ,the hints which follow are mostly adapted for two players1 but one or two will be found useful if you are alone with no one to play with4 ,the ,value of a ,map ,a map of the country which the train passes through is an interesting thing to have on a long journey4 ,it tells you the names of the hills and villages you see from the windows and you can very likely fix the exact moment that you cross from one county or state into another4 ,railway ,competitions ,two persons can have good competitions4 ,they can agree beforehand that the game is to go to whichever of them sees the more horses1 or cows1 or sheep1 or men driving1 or bicyclists1 or rabbits1 between two given points1 say one station and the next4 ,it is not necessary to be at different windows2 in fact a new kind of excitement comes in if both are at the same window or at windows on the same side1 because then in addition to seeing the things there is the fun of not letting the other think you have seen them4 ,railway ,whist ,this is a kind of ,roadside ,whist1 the rules for which will be found on page #afc4 ,as has been said there1 most players will prefer to draw up their own scoring table2 but the following things and figures may be found useful as a foundation3-- ,if you see-- ,a church it counts #c ,a field with sheep #c ,a field with cows #b ,a field with horses #d ,a field with rabbits #c ,a man #a ,a woman #b ,a stile #d ,an open gate #e ,a shut gate #b ,an ordinary dog #b ,a sheep dog #f ,a horse and cart #e ,a hay-wagon #b ,a pond #d ,if you see-- ,a waving handkerchief you lose #f ,a hay-stack #a ,a red barn #e ,a grocer's wagon #a ,children on a gate #aj ,whichever side first sees a black sheep wins1 no matter what the score is4 ,otherwise the scorer of the greatest number of marks is the winner4 ,in ,railway ,whist it is necessary for the players to be on different sides of the train4 ,station ,observation ,a variety of ,observation 7see page #ajd7 can be played on journeys4 ,while the train is stopping at a station every one looks out of the window and notices as many things as possible4 ,when the train starts again each writes as many of these things as he can remember1 and the one with the best list wins4 ,games ,with a ,watch ,if you have a watch it is rather interesting to guess the exact time at which the train will reach the next station4 ,the one who guesses nearest becomes the holder of the watch until the next guess is decided4 ,other things can be done with a watch1 particularly if it has a second hand4 ,guessing the length of a minute is rather interesting1 or timing the speed of the train by noting how long it takes to go between the telegraph-poles at the side of the line4 ,hot-,hand ,this is a primitive game1 capital for cold weather1 for it is well named4 ,it is played by two people1 one of whom spreads out his hands flat1 palms up4 ,the other puts his1 palms down1 within about three inches of the other's1 and tries to strike them a smart blow4 ,if the first player can withdraw his hands quickly enough so that they are not touched it is his turn to try and strike4 ,as long as the player whose hands are palms down can strike the other's hands he can go on4 ,this is an excellent game for cultivating quickness4 ,the player whose hands are to be struck will find that he can succeed better in escaping the other's blows1 if he watches his eyes rather than his hands4 ,this can be arranged among many players as a sort of tournament1 trying out the players by couples until finally the two best contestants are left to struggle for the championship4 ,this is a good game to play while getting your breath after skating--or at any time out of doors when you are obliged to be quiet1 and there is danger of getting chilled4 ,pencils and ,paper ,it is well to take a pencil and paper when you go on a long journey4 ,if the train rocks a good deal it is interesting to see which can write a sentence most clearly4 ,there is a way of balancing oneself on the edge of the seat and holding the paper on one's knees which makes for steadiness4 ,it is never too shaky for ,noughts and ,crosses4 ,noughts and ,crosses or ,tit-tat-toe ,noughts and ,crosses is playable anywhere2 all that is needed is a piece of paper--a newspaper will do--and a pencil4 ,the framework is first made4 ,thus3-- --------------- --------------- ,one player chooses crosses and the other noughts1 and the one who is to begin puts his mark--say1 a cross--in one of the nine squares4 ,the other puts a nought in another of the squares1 and so it goes on until either three noughts or three crosses are in a straight line in any direction4 ,thus1 this is the end of a game in which noughts played first and crosses won3 ,x --------------- ,x ,o ,o --------------- ,x ,o ,but it often happens that the game is drawn1 as in this example1 in which noughts played first3-- ,x ,o --------------- ,o ,o ,x --------------- ,x ,x ,o ,a blank book for ,noughts and ,crosses1 with the framework all ready1 can now be obtained4 ,it has places for the names of the players1 and the date4 ,paper ,french and ,english ,french and ,english1 another game for two1 belongs to the family of ,noughts and ,crosses1 and can be played anywhere and on any scrap of paper4 ,you first decide which will be ,english and which ,french4 ,each player then takes one-half of the paper and covers it with1 say1 sixty dots4 ,it does not matter how many1 but there must be the same number on each side4 ,then in a corner each draws a cannon1 or draws something that can be called a cannon for the purposes of the game4 ,you then decide how many turns you will have4 ,the game is played by placing the pencil on the cannon1 shutting your eyes1 and dashing the pencil across your enemy's side of the paper1 straight or crooked1 in any direction you like4 ,then you open your eyes1 count how many dots the pencil line has passed through1 and score them down4 ,the player who1 at the end of the number of turns settled upon1 has gone through the greatest number of dots is the winner4 ,letters and ,words ,a box of letters is an unfailing help to pass the time4 ,a word will sometimes keep a player puzzling for hours1 which is1 of course1 too long4 ,pomegranate1 ,orchestra1 and ,scythe are good examples of difficult words4 ,you can also take words and sentences seen on the journey1 such as ,wait till the train stops1 and ,pears' ,soap1 and see how many words they will make4 ,a more difficult task is to make anagrams of advertisements4 ,lipton's ,teas1 for instance1 makes ,taste on1 lips4 ,letters ,with a ,pencil ,the word-making game has been adapted into a writing competition4 ,each of the company is handed a card which has been prepared for the purpose beforehand by having names of a dozen animals1 or towns1 or flowers1 or birds1 or whatever it may be1 written on it in what might be called twisted spelling4 ,for instance1 butterfly might be spelled thus1 trelbyfut1 and ,manchester thus1 ,tramschene4 ,a certain amount of time is given1 and the winner is the player who has found out most words therein4 ,a version of this game is to dot out all the letters of the word except the first and the last4 ,you would put ,elephant on the paper thus1 ,e444444t1 and tell your companion it was the name of an animal4 ,or you might write ,peppermint thus1 ,p44444444t1 and tell him it was the name of a sweet4 ,hanging ,this is a more difficult game1 very suitable for a tiring journey4 ,the two players sit side by side1 and one of them dots out on a piece of paper the words of a proverb or well-known line of poetry4 ,thus1 ,i met a little cottage girl would be set down in this way3-- 4 444 4 444444 4444444 4444 ,underneath this line a small gallows is erected4 ,thus3-- --------- _/ _/ ,the game is for the other player to discover the line4 ,in order to do this he is permitted to ask his opponent for letters4 ,perhaps he will begin by asking1 ,may ,i have an 'a1' because there are few sentences that do not contain an a4 ,his opponent will then put the first a in4 ,thus3-- 4 444 a 444444 4444444 4444 ,then perhaps another a will be asked for1 and the line will come out thus3-- 4 444 a 444444 4444a44 4444 ,then perhaps an e3-- 4 4e4 a 444444 4444a44 4444 ,so far all has gone favorably with the guesser1 and the gallows is still untouched4 ,but perhaps he will now venture to ask for a consonant 7which is much more risky than a vowel71 and will say1 ,may ,i have an 's'8 ,as there is no s in the line the reply will be against it1 and the opponent will at once append to the rope of the gallows a small head4 ,thus3-- --------- _/ _/ ,o ,this means that the guesser has lost one out of a possible six points1 the others being his body1 his two arms and two legs4 ,for each letter he asks for in vain he loses one of these1 and when all have gone he has lost the game too4 ,sometimes1 however1 the quotation can be detected very quickly4 ,other ,games ,many games usually kept for the house can be played in the train4 ,old ,maid 7see p4 #gi7 is a good train game2 so is ,buz 7see p4 #afg74 ,a ,fox and ,geese board1 or a draughtboard1 will help to pass the time4 ,food ,food is a great help toward shortening a long journey4 ,a little picnic every hour1 if it is permitted1 is something not too distant to look forward to1 and it may take up ten minutes each time4 ,a larger meal all at once may1 of course1 be more convenient1 but1 if not1 the hourly picnic is worth trying4 ,chinese ,gambling ,this is the simplest game possible but will while away endless hours4 ,it is played with nothing but your hands1 which are made to assume three positions3 one with clenched fist2 one spread out flat2 and one with first and second finger spread apart like the blades of scissors4 ,the first is called the stone1 the second the paper and the third the scissors4 ,very rapidly both players strike their right hand 7clenched7 into the left palm three times1 and then both at the same instant bring up the right hand in one of the three positions4 ,the winner is determined by this formula3 ,scissors cut paper4 ,stone breaks scissors4 ,paper wraps stone4 ,that is if you have made your hand the stone and your companion the paper1 he wins4 ,but if you had chosen the scissors you would have won4 ,the winner must call out the formula that fits the case1 ,scissors cut paper for instance1 and count is kept of the number of losses and gains4 ,the one who comes out ahead after a half-hour's contest is the winner of that bout4 ,illustration3 ,,chinese ,,gambling ,,playing ,,alone1 ,,and ,,games ,,in ,,bed ,bricks ,among the best toys with which to play alone are bricks1 soldiers1 balls1 battledore and shuttlecock1 and dolls4 ,no one needs any hints as how to play with them2 but it might be remarked that ordinary bought bricks being rarely what they should be1 it is better1 if possible1 to get a carpenter to make some of a more useful size1 say four inches long1 one and a half inches wide1 and an inch thick4 ,with a hundred of these you can do almost anything in the way of building1 and if made of tough wood they ought to last forever4 ,soldiers ,a good game of soldiers is to see how many shots are required from a cannon to kill the whole regiment4 ,the cannon can either be a spring cannon or a pop-gun1 or a pea-shooter4 ,just at first it is almost impossible not to clear off two or three men with each shot1 but later it becomes more difficult and exciting4 ,ninepins ,with a box of ninepins very much the same game can be played4 ,in wet weather1 in the hall1 a box of large ninepins is invaluable4 ,spanish ,cup and ,ball ,a good quiet game to play alone is ,spanish ,cup and ,ball4 ,a long stick has fastened to it a loop of wire standing out at right angles1 thus4 ,to this is attached by a long string a worsted1 or a very light rubber ball4 ,the game is to see how many times you can throw the ball up to the ceiling and catch it in the loop of wire as it falls4 ,illustration3 ,,spanish ,,cup ,balancing ,all kinds of balancing games are excellent when you are alone and tired of toys4 ,there is no way to acquire proficiency in these but by practice1 but practice is fascinating work4 ,try balancing at first a long pole 7an old broom-stick handle will do7 on the palm of your hand1 then on your finger1 then on your chin and forehead4 ,the longer the pole1 the easier to balance it4 ,remember one golden rule4 ,keep your eyes on the top of the pole4 ,then try balancing a whole broom1 or a chair4 ,the practice of balancing is excellent for training yourself in quickness of eye and muscle4 ,of course bricks and soldiers and ninepins1 as well as balls 7see p4 #aci71 are more interesting when more than one person plays2 but one can pass the time very well with them4 ,bruce's ,heart ,where toys become tedious1 games have to be made up2 and in making up games no outside help is needed4 ,at the same time1 some games which ,e4 ,h4 describes may perhaps supply a hint or two4 ,one little girl1 she writes1 used to find endless joy in pretending to be ,douglas bearing the heart of ,bruce to the ,holy ,land4 ,a long stick in the right hand represented his spear2 a stone in the left hand was the casket containing ,bruce's heart4 ,if the grown-ups stopped to talk with some one they met1 or if there was any other excuse for running on ahead1 the little girl would rush forward waving her stick and encouraging her men 7represented by a big dog71 and1 after hurling her stone as far forward as possible1 and exclaiming1 ',lead on1 brave heart1' she would cast her spear in the same direction in a last effort against the ,moors1 and then pretend to fall dead to the ground4 ,this little girl had found the story of ,bruce in ,tales of a ,grandfather1 by ,sir ,walter ,scott4 ,almost every book will yield people and events to play at4 ,the ,hotel ,camps ,another little girl whom ,e4 ,h4 knew once spent a short time in a hotel1 and while there divided the other people into camps according to the floor on which they had rooms4 ,the designs in the windows on the various floors represented the badges or heraldic signs of each camp4 ,for instance1 one window 7they were of colored glass7 had a border with eagles1 another had gryphons1 another lions1 and so on4 ,if she met some one of another floor coming in or going out of the hotel1 it represented the meeting of two rival bands4 ,if she actually found herself in the elevator with them1 it was a dangerous encounter1 in which1 if they got out first1 she had driven them off the field1 but if she got out first it was she who was in retreat4 ,if two people of different floors were seen talking together1 a truce had been declared1 and so on4 ,block ,city ,the little book called ,a ,child's ,garden of ,verses1 by ,r4 ,l4 ,stevenson1 has several poems which describe how a lonely little boy used to play4 ,thus 7in ,block ,city73-- ,let the sofa be mountains1 the carpet a sea1 ,there ,i'll establish a city for me1 ,a kirk and a mill1 and a palace beside1 ,and a harbor as well where my vessels may ride4 ,story-,books ,and 7in ,the ,land of ,story-,books73-- ,now1 with my little gun1 ,i crawl ,all in the dark along the wall1 ,and follow round the forest track ,away behind the sofa back4 ,there1 in the night1 where none can spy1 ,all in my hunter's camp ,i lie1 ,and play at books that ,i have read ,till it is time to go to bed4 ,the ,bed ,boat ,that is ordinary play4 ,there is also a poem describing play in bed3-- ,my bed is like a little boat2 ,nurse helps me in when ,i embark2 ,she girds me in my sailor's coat ,and starts me in the dark4 ,thinking ,games for ,bed ,when more than one sleep in the same room1 the time before sleep can be very interesting4 ,many games which have already been described are suitable for bed1 such as ,telling ,stories 7p4 #ii71 ,i ,love my ,love 7p4 #hh71 ,spelling 7p4 #aff71 ,the ,grand ,mogul 7p4 #aff71 ,rhyming ,lights 7p4 #afg71 ,the ,apprentice 7p4 #afg71 ,towns and ,products 7p4 #afh71 ,suggestions 7p4 #ia71 and ,clumps1 adapted 7p4 #ic74 ,games by ,rote ,on this subject ,b4 ,r4 ,l4 writes3--,we made a list1 which was stuck on the wall with a different game for each night4 ,one was ',i ,love my ,love with an ,a' 7see p4 #hh71 which we steadily made up all through the alphabet4 ,another was ',initials1' in which you take turns in saying the initials of people you know1 while the other guesses the names4 ,another was ',twenty ,questions1' in which one thinks of something that has to be guessed as quickly as possible1 only 'yes' and 'no' being given as answers4 ,one very girlish game was like this3 suppose you had a little girl with golden hair and blue eyes1 and she was going on a visit to ,london1 what sort of frocks would you buy her8 ,the ,imaginary ,family ,e4 ,h4 recommends for girls the ,imaginary ,family game4 ,this is her description of it3--,first you have to settle the names1 ages1 and characters of your family1 and then you can carry on their adventures every night4 ,one little girl who was devoted to books of travel1 and who loved to pore over maps and charts1 used to travel with her family every night in whatever country she happened to be interested in at the time4 ,thus she and a favorite son1 ,pharaoh1 traveled for a long time in ,california1 crossing every mountain-range by the proper passes1 exploring every valley1 tracing each river to its source1 and so on4 ,in the same way she traveled with her family is ,central and ,south ,america1 the ,malay ,peninsula1 and the ,south ,sea ,islands4 ,another little girl who was very fond of adventure stories carried her family through all sorts of perils by land and sea4 ,at one time they were shipwrecked and lived like the ,swiss ,family ,robinson4 ,at another time they were exploring ,central ,africa1 and traveled about with three years' supplies in a gigantic caravan with fifty elephants4 ,yet another little girl had for her family any characters out of books that particularly fascinated her4 ,thus1 when she was reading ,the ,heroes1 her family was reduced to one daughter1 ,medea1 a rather terrible daughter1 who needed a great deal of propitiating1 and for whose sake all other children had to be given up4 ,later on1 when the same child was reading ,tales of a ,grandfather1 her family consisted of three sons1 ,wallace1 ,bruce1 and ,douglas4 7,it is rather a good thing1 by the way1 to have a very heroic family1 especially if you are at all inclined to be afraid in the dark1 as they help to keep one's courage up47 ,two little girls1 who lived in a clergyman's household1 had an imaginary poor family they were interested in1 and they planned about them every night1--how much the father earned1 what their rent was1 whether the mother oughtn't to take in washing1 whether the eldest girl could be spared to go into service1 and so on4 ,when they weren't allowed to talk at night they carried the family history on independently and compared notes in the morning4 ,making ,plans ,making plans is always interesting1 but particularly so just before ,christmas1 when presents have to be arranged for4 ,for ,getting to ,sleep ,the favorite way is to imagine that you see a flock of sheep scrambling through a gap in the hedge1 and to count them4 ,a variety of this is a desert with a long train of camels very far off1 coming slowly near1 and then passing and gradually disappearing in the far distance4 ,counting a million is also a good way4 ,games for ,convalescents ,a good thing to do in bed when getting better from an illness is to cut out pictures for scrapbooks4 ,any kind of cutting out can be done1 as the scissors and paper are very light and do not1 therefore1 tire the arms4 ,patience 7see page #gf7 is also a good bed game1 because it needs very little thought4 ,bed ,soldiers ,in ,a ,child's ,garden of ,verses there is a poem called ,the ,land of ,counterpane1 which tells what a little boy did when he was ill1 lying among the pillows with his toys3 ,and sometimes for an hour or so ,i watched my leaden soldiers go1 ,with different uniforms and drills1 ,among the bed-clothes1 through the hills2 ,and sometimes sent my ships in fleets ,all up and down among the sheets1 ,or brought my trees and houses out ,and planted cities all about4 ,china ,animals ,dolls are1 of course1 perfectly at home in bed when you are ill1 but there is even more interest in a menagerie4 ,on this subject it would be difficult to do better than quote from a letter from ,e4 ,m4 ,r41 who has #eij china animals1 mostly in families and all named4 ,she began this magnificent collection with a family of monkeys4 ,the mother was called ,sally1 her eldest son ,mungo1 the next ,pin-ceri1 another1 eating a nut1 ,jock1 and the youngest1 a sweet little girl monkey1 ,ness4 ,i was soon given a family of three foxes1 ,reynard1 ,brushtail1 and ,whitepad1 and from that time to the present my collection has been growing4 ,i soon had enough to fill a shelf in a cabinet1 and ,i turned my doll's-house into a boarding-school for the little animals with a big pig as headmaster4 ,but when my collection rose to #djj animals1 ,i had too many children to be all boarders at the school1 so some had to be day-scholars1 and the headmaster was changed to a green frog who swam beautifully1 and who was assisted by two swans1 a duck1 a fish1 two crocodiles1 and a seal1 who all swam4 ,another frog taught the children swimming by tying a piece of string round their bodies1 and dangling them in the water from the edge of a basin4 ,the animals' abode was now changed1 and they were put into a large cabinet containing six small shelves and one big one4 ,i called the big shelf a town1 and the rest villages4 ,the town was called ,weybridge3 the village where the birds lived1 ,airsbury2 and that where the dogs were1 ,canistown4 ,the rest had various other names4 ,at this time an important addition was made to the collection1 for a big lion was given me1 which ,i immediately created king2 then came a queen and four princesses1 and shortly after a crown prince1 another prince1 and three more little princesses4 ,the royal family was allowed a village all to itself1 which was called ,kingston1 and was given five servants1 two nurses1 a footman1 a housemaid1 and a cook4 ,as ,i had now two families of several of the kinds of animals1 ,i determined that they should be married1 so1 nominating ,sally's husband rector1 ,i had several weddings4 ,i built a church with some bricks ,i had1 and formed a procession up the aisle1 to the ,wedding ,march1 played on an ,american organ4 ,first came the bride and bridegroom1 then the best man and the bridesmaids1 and last the children of the animals who were to be married1 two and two4 ,when the ceremony was over1 ,i marched them all back to their places on the shelf4 ,i now made eight laws1 and copied them out in an exercise-book1 together with the names of all the animals1 the number of men1 women1 boys1 and girls1 and the number of married and single families4 ,i had had several little separate china animals given me1 belonging to none of my families1 so ,i made a law that if any family of their kind came to the collection they must adopt these little orphans4 ,i also made two acting companies1 one of big animals1 and one for the children1 with a boar-hound called ,sir ,philip of ,ravenswood for the manager of the first1 and a little black and white kid1 named ,tim1 for manager of the second1 and at the ,christmas of the same year that ,i formed the two companies ,i had two plays1 the children acting ,hansel and ,gretel1 and the big animals ,the ,yeomen of the ,guard4 ,being now unable to get any fresh families of small animals1 ,i started a collection of big china animals1 and soon had thirty-five1 among whom were a ,jersey bull and cow1 another brown bull and a brown and white cow1 two beautiful horses1 several dogs1 two donkeys1 and two goats4 ,these ,i kept apart from the small animals1 in another cupboard2 but ,i still kept the lion king over them as well1 and gave them two big animals1 a bloodhound and a ,st4 ,bernard1 as governors over them4 ,among the small animals ,i had a very learned-looking pig called ,orsino1 whom ,i made doctor1 while an old bulldog1 ,dimboona1 to whom ,i had been obliged to give two wooden legs1 was ,prime ,minister4 ,i also had a treasurer1 a rent collector1 a steward1 and an under-steward4 ,i also made a young boar-hound1 called ,panther1 the son of ,sir ,philip1 keeper of the stables1 which consisted of ninety-two horses which ,i had made4 ,and this brings the narrative of the growth of my china animal collection up to the present time1 when ,i have #eee small animals and #ce big ones1 #eij in all4 ,,at ,,the ,,seaside ,low ,tide ,the first thing to do on reaching the seaside is to find out when it is low tide4 ,in each twelve hours low tide comes twenty minutes later1 and knowing this you can arrange your days accordingly4 ,nothing is so saddening as to run down the beach in the belief that the tide is going out and to find that it is coming in4 ,paddling ,to boys who wear knickerbockers the preparations for paddling are very simple2 but girls are not so fortunate4 ,lewis ,carroll 7who wrote ,alice in ,wonderland7 took their difficulties so seriously that whenever he went to the seaside to stay he used to have with him a packet of safety-pins for the use of any children that seemed to be in need of them4 ,this piece of thoughtfulness on his part might determine you to carry them for yourselves4 ,a ,cork ,ship ,sailing a good boat in the sea is not the best fun1 but there is a kind of boat which is very easily made as you sit on the beach1 and which is useful to play with when wading1 and afterward to throw stones at4 ,you take a piece of cork for the hull4 ,cut a line down the middle underneath and wedge a strip of slate in for a keel to keep her steady4 ,fix a piece of driftwood for a mast1 and thread a piece of paper on that for a sail4 ,wet ,clothes ,when wading it is just as well not to get your clothes wet if you can help it4 ,clothes that are made wet with seawater1 which probably has a little sand in it1 are as uncomfortable as crumbs in bed4 ,there is no reason why you should get them wet if you wade wisely4 ,sitting among the rocks1 running through the water1 and jumping the little crisping waves are the best ways to get soaked4 ,rocks ,seaside places where there are rocks and a great stretch of sand are the best4 ,rocks make paddling twice as exciting1 because of the interesting things in the little pools--the anemones1 and seaweeds1 and shells1 and crabs1 and shrimps1 and perhaps little fish4 ,sometimes these pools are quite hot4 ,to enjoy the rocks properly you want a net4 ,sand ,castles1 and ,other ,sand ,games ,to make full use of the sands a spade is necessary and a pail important4 ,the favorite thing to make is a castle and a moat1 and although the water rarely is willing to stay in the moat it is well to pour some in4 ,the castle may also have a wall round it and all kinds of other buildings within the wall4 ,abbeys are also made1 and great houses with carefully arranged gardens1 and villages1 and churches4 ,railways with towns and stations here and there along the line are easily made1 and there is the fun of being the train when the line is finished4 ,the train is a good thing to be1 because the same person is usually engineer and conductor as well4 ,collisions are interesting now and then4 ,the disadvantage of a railway on crowded sands is that passers-by injure the line and sometimes destroy1 by a movement of the foot1 a whole terminus2 it is therefore better at small watering-places that few people have yet discovered4 ,if an active game is wanted as well as mere digging and building1 a sand fort is the best thing to make1 because then it has to be held and besieged1 and perhaps captured4 ,in all sand operations stones are useful to mark boundaries4 ,burying one another in the sand is good at the time1 but gritty afterward4 ,seaweed ,seaweed and shells make good collections1 but there is no use in carrying live fish home in pails4 ,the fun is in catching the fish1 not is keeping it2 and some landladies dislike having the bath-room used as an aquarium4 ,on wet days seaweed can be stuck on cards or in a book4 ,the best way to get it to spread out and not crease on a card1 is to float the little pieces in a basin and slip the card underneath them in the water4 ,when the seaweed has settled on it1 take the card out and leave it to dry4 ,the seaweed will then be found to be stuck1 except perhaps in places here and there1 which can be made sure by inserting a little touch of gum4 ,it is the smaller1 colored kinds of seaweed that one treats in this way2 and it is well to leave them for a day in the sun before washing and preparing1 as this brings out their color4 ,the ordinary large kind of seaweed is useful as a barometer4 ,a piece hung by the door will tell when rain is coming by growing moist and soft4 ,shell ,work ,a good use for little shells is to cover small boxes with them4 ,the shells are arranged in a simple pattern and fastened on with glue4 ,if the shells are not empty and clean1 boil them1 and scrub them with an old tooth-brush4 ,good ,seaside ,friends ,so many interesting things are to be seen at the seaside that there is no need to be always at play4 ,fishermen will come in with their boats1 which need pulling up2 or a net that has been dropped near the shore will be drawn in from the beach1 and you can perhaps help4 ,if the town is not merely a watering-place but also a seaport1 it is1 of course1 better1 because then there will be the life of the harbor to watch4 ,to be friends with a lighthouse man is almost as good a thing as can happen2 and if there is both a lighthouse and a shipbuilder's you could hardly be more fortunate4 ,,in ,,the ,,country ,this chapter has been written more for readers who live in a town and visit the country only during the holidays than for those whose home is always there4 ,regular country dwellers do not need to be told many of the things that follow2 but none the less there may be a few to find them useful4 ,the principal special attractions of the country are-- ,in the spring ,birds' nests4 ,june ,bee-swarming and hay-making4 ,july ,sheep-washing and shearing4 ,august ,early windfalls and harvest4 ,september ,blackberries1 nuts1 hops1 mushrooms1 and squirrels4 ,making ,friends ,the most important thing to do when staying at a farmhouse is to make friends with the principal people4 ,the principal people are those in charge of the chickens and ducks1 the cows and the horses4 ,the way to make friends is to be as little trouble as possible4 ,exploration ,on reaching the farm1 it is well to make a journey of discovery1 in order to learn where everything is4 ,the more one knows about the things in store--the size of the barn1 the height of the haystacks1 the number of horses1 the name of the watch-dog1 the position and character of the pond1 and so forth--the simpler will it be1 on going to bed1 to make plans for the visit4 ,finding ,hens' ,eggs ,the farmer's wife usually has charge of the chickens and ducks1 but very often it is her daughter or a servant4 ,no matter who it is1 as soon as she is convinced that you will be careful and thorough she will let you hunt for eggs4 ,this is very exciting1 because hens have a way of laying in nests in the wood and all kinds of odd places1 hoping that no one will find them and they will thus be able to sit and hatch out their chickens4 ,the hay in the stable is a favorite spot1 and under the wood-pile1 and among the long grass4 ,sometimes one overlooks a nest for nearly a week and then finds three or four eggs in it1 one of them quite warm4 ,this is a great discovery4 ,just at first it is easy to be taken in by the china nest-eggs1 and to run indoors in triumph with one in your hand4 ,but the farmer's wife will laugh and send you back with it1 and the mistake is not likely to be made again4 ,after a while one gets to know the hens personally1 and to know the noise which means that they have just laid4 ,sometimes1 if a hen is going to lay just as you come to her nest1 she will run off clucking and screaming and lay the egg on the ground4 ,ducks' ,eggs ,ducks' eggs1 which are rather larger than hens' eggs1 and pale green in color1 are often more difficult to find4 ,they have to be hunted for in the grass by the pond4 ,feeding the ,chickens ,the farmer's wife also lets her visitors feed the chickens if they are gentle with them and thoughtful4 ,it needs quite a little thought1 because if you throw down the grain without thinking1 many of the weaker and less greedy ones will get nothing1 and many of the stronger and greedier ones will get too much4 ,after a few handfuls you can see which are the weaklings1 and after that you can favor them accordingly4 ,a greedy hen is so very greedy that she will always1 whatever you do1 get more than her share2 but it is possible to snub her a little4 ,the very little chickens and ducklings do not have grain1 but soft food1 which is put in a saucer and placed inside the coop4 ,it is after they have finished eating that they can most easily be picked up1 but one must be very careful not to squeeze them4 ,the ,dairy ,if the farmer's wife makes her own butter there will be an opportunity to help her4 ,perhaps she will let you use the skimmer4 ,turning the churn is not much fun except just when the butter forms4 ,bee-,swarming ,bees swarm on hot days in the early summer1 usually in a tree1 but sometimes in a room1 if the window is open1 and often in a bush1 quite close to the ground4 ,when they swarm in a tree you would think a black snow-storm was raging all around it4 ,every moment the cluster of bees grows larger and larger1 until1 after half an hour or so1 it is quiet4 ,then the swarm has to be taken4 ,this is the most interesting part1 but you must be careful not to be too near in case an accident occurs and the bees become enraged and sting you4 ,if the farmer has the new wooden hives with a glass covering he will very likely let you peep in and see the bees at work4 ,before doing this you certainly ought to read something about their exceedingly wonderful ways4 ,one of the best books is ,sir ,john ,lubbock's 7,lord ,avebury's7 ,ants1 ,bees1 and ,wasps1 but most encyclopdias contain very interesting articles on the subject4 ,the ,cows ,the man who looks after the cows is a very valuable friend4 ,he may even let you try to milk1 which only specially gifted children ever succeed in doing at all well2 and he will teach you the cows' names 7in some farms these are painted up over each stall--,primrose1 ,lightfoot1 ,sweetlips1 ,clover1 and so on72 and perhaps he will give you the task of fetching them from the meadow at milking time4 ,sheep ,in a general way sheep are not very interesting1 especially in low-lying farms4 ,but though sheep1 as a rule1 are dull1 there are two occasions when they are not--at sheep-washing and sheep-shearing4 ,the washers stand up to their knees1 or even their waists1 in the brook1 in oilskin clothes1 and seizing the struggling sheep one by one by the wool1 plunge them into the water4 ,shearing is a finer art2 but the sheep is hardly less uncomfortable4 ,he has to be thrown into various positions 7on his back for one1 and with his head between the shearer's knees for another71 while the shears clip-clop all over him4 ,the wool is not taken off in scraps1 as our hair is at the barber's1 but the whole fleece is removed in one huge piece4 ,the ,blacksmith ,it may be that while you are at the farm the day will come for having the horses shod1 and you may go with them to the blacksmith4 ,the blacksmith is of course a very important person to be friends with2 and people are very fortunate if their lodgings in the country are close to a smithy4 ,some blacksmiths permit their friends to stand right inside the smithy1 instead of just at the door1 where strangers have to stay4 ,perhaps the blacksmith will ask you to blow his bellows while he is making a horseshoe1 and it may happen that if he has not much work on hand he will make you a hoop that will be far cheaper and stronger than a bought one 7see p4 #afi74 ,in hot weather the flies are so troublesome to horses which are being shod1 and make them so restless1 that some one has to stand beside them and brush the flies away with a green branch4 ,this job might fall to you4 ,birds'-,nesting ,one of the advantages of being in the country in spring is that that is the time when birds build4 ,in ,may the weather is not yet sufficiently warm to make sitting about out-of-doors very comfortable1 but birds'-nesting can make up for that4 ,it is of no use to say in this book1 ,don't take the eggs1 because it is possible only for one person here and there to be satisfied with merely finding a nest and then passing on to find another4 ,but it is a pity for any one who is not a serious collector to take more than one egg4 ,for your purposes one is enough1 and the loss of a single egg rarely causes a bird to desert her nest4 ,of course if you know for certain that the nest is deserted1 it is right to take all4 ,you can find out by visiting it two or three times1 and if the eggs remain cold or wet and there is no sign of the bird you may safely feel that she has abandoned them4 ,birds have so many natural enemies to fear that it is hard that we should harm them too4 ,blowing ,eggs ,for blowing eggs a brass or glass blow-pipe is the proper thing1 using only one hole1 which is made at the side with a little drill4 ,but for your purpose a hole at each end made with a pin is simpler and equally good4 ,in blowing you must be careful not to hold the egg so tightly in the fingers that its sides crush in4 ,before making the holes it is well to put the egg in a basin of water4 ,if it sinks it is fresh and can be blown easily2 but if it floats it is set--that is to say1 the young bird has begun to form--and blowing will be difficult4 ,in such cases it is wise1 if you are using a blow-pipe1 to make a largish hole and put a little water in and leave the egg to lie for a day or so2 then blowing it will be not much trouble4 ,but if you have no blow-pipe the best thing to do is to make one good-sized hole in the less interesting side of the egg1 and empty it with a bent pin4 ,then1 when it is empty1 you can put it in the egg box with the broken side underneath4 ,country boys often thread birds' eggs on a string which hangs from the ceiling1 but the ordinary way is to put them in cotton-wool in a box with cardboard compartments4 ,making this box is a good country occupation for wet weather4 ,butterflies ,butterfly-hunting begins when birds'-nesting is done and the weather is hot4 ,here again it is not the purpose of this book to go into particulars3 the subject is too large4 ,it is enough to say that the needful things are a large net of soft green gauze1 a killing-bottle with a glass stopper1 a cork-lined box with a supply of pins in which to carry the butterflies after they are dead1 and setting boards for use at home4 ,the good collector is very careful in transferring the butterfly from the net to the bottle1 lest its wings are rubbed or broken2 and before taking it out of the bottle and putting it in the box you should be quite certain that it is dead4 ,the way to get the butterfly into the bottle is to drive it into a corner of the net and hold it there1 and then slip the bottle inside1 remove the stopper1 and shake the butterfly into it4 ,the stopper should be off as short a time as possible4 ,for handbooks for a butterfly collector see the ,reading section4 ,collecting ,flowers ,a quieter pastime1 but a very interesting one1 and also one that1 unlike egg-collecting and butterfly-collecting1 goes on all the year round1 is collecting flowers4 ,for this purpose tin cases are made1 with straps to hold them from the shoulders1 in which to keep the plants cool and fresh2 but there is no need to wait for the possession of one of these4 ,an ordinary box or basket will1 if you have not very far to walk1 serve equally well4 ,you will also need a press1 which can be simply a couple of boards about a foot long and six inches wide1 with a good supply of blotting-paper between4 ,the flowers are pressed by spreading them very carefully1 to show their beauty to best advantage1 between the blotting-paper1 and then piling a few books on the boards4 ,the weight need not be very heavy and the blotting-paper should frequently be renewed4 ,you will soon learn how long the pressing need continue1 but it is of the highest importance that the flowers are thoroughly dried before you mount them in your album or on separate sheets of paper4 ,the simplest form of mounting is to glue little strips of paper here and there across the stems4 ,a botanical collection is more valuable if the roots of the plants are also included2 and this will make it necessary for you to have a long trowel4 ,for the collector of flowers a handbook is compulsory4 ,such a book as ,alice ,lounsberry's ,the ,wild ,flower ,book for ,young ,people gives many details of the growth and nature of plants1 told with a story that makes the book unusually interesting1 and will arouse your enthusiasm to gather wild flowers and see how large a collection of them you can make4 ,it is interesting1 if you have any skill in painting1 to make water-color copies of all the flowers that you find2 another good occupation for wet days in the country4 ,nuts and ,blackberries ,in nutting you want a hooked stick with which to pull down the branches4 ,for blackberries a hooked stick is not so important1 but it is well to have leather gloves4 ,the blackberries ought to be dry when they are picked4 ,rain takes their flavor away2 so you should wait until the sun comes again and restores it4 ,one thing that you quickly notice is that all blackberries are not after the same pattern4 ,there are different kinds1 just as there are different kinds of strawberry and raspberry4 ,some are hard and very closely built2 some are loosely built1 with large cells which squash between the fingers2 some come between these two varieties2 and there are still others4 ,for eating on the spot the softer ones are the best1 but for cooking and for jam the harder ones are equally good4 ,in picking blackberries you soon find that it is better to have the sun at your back1 because if it shines through the bush into your eyes you cannot distinguish clearly between the shades of blackness4 ,an open basket full of blackberries is a radiant sight4 ,each of the little cells has a point of light1 and thousands of these together are as gay as jewels4 ,no one need starve on the open road in ,september1 for there is food on every hedge--two good courses4 ,nuts are there as the standby1 the backbone of the meal1 and after come blackberries1 as pudding or dessert4 ,to pick the two for an hour1 and then1 resting beneath a tree1 to eat until all are gone--that is no bad way to have lunch4 ,if you take advice in this matter1 you will not crack the nuts with your teeth but between stones4 ,ponds and ,sailing ,boats ,near the farm is certain to be either a pond or a stream4 ,if it is a clean and high pond1 not in a hollow surrounded by trees1 it will be good to sail boats on4 ,sailing boats on inland water is much better than on the sea1 because1 with a pond1 directly the boat is fairly started on its voyage you can run round the other side and meet it4 ,even with a very poor pond it is still possible to have a very good time4 ,in buying or making a boat1 be sure that the lead along the keel is heavy enough4 ,so little do toy-shop people think of these things that they very often put no lead at all on their boats1 and more often than not put too little4 ,once a boat is properly weighted in this way you are certain to have fun in sailing her1 but otherwise it will be useless to try4 ,in boat-sailing it is well to have a long stick with a hook at the end with which to draw the ship to land4 ,for suggestions as to making a useful and simple sailing-boat see p4 #bie4 ,little ,boats on a ,stream ,sailing boats in a stream is little good1 because there is no steadiness of wind1 but ordinary boats will float along in the current splendidly4 ,it is interesting to launch one and follow its adventures from the bank4 ,sometimes it will be caught in a weed2 sometimes an eddy will sweep it into a back water2 sometimes1 in shooting the rapids1 it will be overturned4 ,but a long stick can always put things right4 ,or one of you will go down the stream to a given point and the other will send down messengers--pieces of wood1 walnut boats 7see p4 #bih71 paper boats 7see p4 #bhe71 or whatever it may be4 ,a ,stream's ,fascination ,but there is no absolute need for you to have boats in order to enjoy a stream4 ,there are so many other things to do1 not the least interesting being to make a dam and stop or divert the course of the water4 ,and when tired of playing it is very good to sit quite still on the bank and watch things happening3 perhaps a water-rat will swim along suspecting nothing1 and then1 seeing you make a movement1 will dive and disappear1 and suddenly come into view ever so far away on the other bank4 ,perhaps a kingfisher will flash by or settle on a branch overhanging the water4 ,kingfishers grow more rare every year1 owing to the merciless and unthinking zeal with which they are shot2 and maybe before long there will be no more to be seen anywhere4 ,solitary ,watchfulness ,indeed1 to keep absolutely quiet and watch things happening is for many people one of the most delightful occupations which the country holds4 ,when there is no one else to play with it is as good a way of spending the time as can be found4 ,mice and ,moles ,in a wood or in any place where there are old leaves1 as in a dry ditch1 you will usually get through the ear the first tidings of any moving thing4 ,for instance1 you will hear a field-mouse rustling long before you can see its queer pointed nose pushing its way through the dead leaves4 ,or it may be a mole blundering blindly along4 ,if by any chance a mole is caught in a trap while you are in the country1 be sure to examine its little hands and feel the softness of its fur4 ,perhaps the farm boy will skin it for you4 ,snakes ,sometimes the rustling is a snake on his way to a sunny spot where he can bask and sleep4 ,very slender brown speckled snakes1 or blind-worms1 are quite harmless1 and so are the large grass-snakes1 which are something like a mackerel in lines and markings4 ,the adder1 however1 which is yellowish brown in color with brown markings and a ,v on his head1 is dangerous and should be avoided4 ,ants ,on p4 #bje is given the title of a book about bees4 ,hardly less wonderful are ants1 concerning whom there is much curious information in the same work1 the reading of which makes it ten times more interesting to watch an ant-hill than it was before4 ,one sometimes has to remember that it is as serious for ants to have their camp stirred up by a walking-stick as it would be for ,new ,york if ,vesuvius were tossed on top of it4 ,swallows and ,hawks ,in the flight of birds there is nothing to compare for beauty and speed with the swift1 or for power and cleverness with the hawk4 ,on moist evenings1 when the swifts fly low and level1 backward and forward1 with a quaint little musical squeak1 like a mouse's1 they remind one of fish that dart through the water of clear streams under bridges4 ,the hawk1 even in a high wind1 can remain1 by tilting his body at the needed angle1 perfectly still in the air1 while his steady wide eyes search the ground far below him for mice or little birds4 ,then1 when he sees something1 his body suddenly seems to be made of lead and he drops like a stone on his prey4 ,a hawk can climb the sky by leaning with outspread wings against the breeze and cork-screwing up in a beautiful spiral4 ,squirrels ,the time to see squirrels is ,september and ,october1 when the beech nuts and hazel nuts are ripe4 ,in the pictures he sits up1 with his tail resting on his back1 holding nuts in his little forepaws2 but one does not often see him like this in real life4 ,he is either scampering over the ground with his tail spread out behind him or chattering among the branches and scrambling from one to another4 ,the squirrel is not seen at his best when he goes nutting4 ,his beautiful swift movements are checked by the thickness of the hazels4 ,in a beech grove he has more liberty to run and leap4 ,sometimes you will see twenty at once all nibbling the beech nuts on the ground4 ,on hearing you they make for a tree trunk1 and1 rushing up it for a yard or two1 stop suddenly1 absolutely still1 with fearful eyes1 and ears intently and intensely cocked4 ,if you stand equally still the squirrel will stay there1 motionless1 like a piece of the tree1 for a minute or so1 and then1 in a very bad temper1 disappear from view on the other side of the trunk1 and probably1 though you run round the tree quickly several times and search every branch with your eyes1 never come into sight again4 ,it is a good thing to sit under a tree some distance from the beech trees1 making as little movement as possible2 and by and by you will cease to be considered as anything but a regular part of the landscape and the squirrels may come quite close to you4 ,a ,country ,diary ,if you are fond of writing you might find a good deal of interest in keeping a country diary3 that is to say1 a small note-book in which you set down evening by evening all things seen during the day that seemed to be sufficiently out of the way to be worth recording4 ,a ,camera in the ,country ,nothing is said in this book about amateur photography1 because to own a camera is still the exception rather than the rule1 and if once we began to say anything practical about photography we should have to say very much more than the scheme of the volume permits4 ,but we might urge any reader who has a camera to use it in the country in taking pictures of animal life and old buildings4 ,old-fashioned farmhouses and cottages are disappearing so rapidly that we ought to keep as many records of them as possible1 and well-chosen photographs of animals are not only beautiful pictures1 but are also very useful4 ,mr4 ,kearton's work in this way1 which may be studied in ,with ,nature and a ,camera1 is extremely valuable4 ,country ,books ,in the ,reading chapter will be found the titles of several books which describe life in the country1 and tell you all about the habits of animals1 birds1 and insects4 ,,dolls' ,,houses ,the most magnificent ready-made dolls' house in the world1 with gables and windows1 stairs1 front garden1 and the best furniture1 cannot quite make up to its owner for all the delight she has missed by not making it herself4 ,of course some things1 such as cups and saucers1 glasses and bottles1 saucepans and kitchen utensils1 must be bought2 but almost all the really necessary things for house-keeping can be made at home4 ,dolls' ,gardens ,one advantage of making the dolls' house yourself is that you can arrange for it to have a garden1 a provision rarely made by toy-shops4 ,grass plots can be made of green baize or other cloth of the right color2 garden paths of sand sprinkled over glue1 or of strips of sand-paper2 flower-beds of brown paper1 and the flowers of tissue-paper and wire4 ,a summer-house1 and a dog-kennel to hold a china dog1 might also be added 7see p4 #bda71 and1 if you have room1 stables4 ,garden ,chairs and ,tables ,garden seats and tables can be made of cardboard and cork4 ,for a seat1 take a card two or three inches long and not quite as broad4 ,mark it right across1 lengthwise1 in the middle with a sharp knife1 and then half fold it4 ,this will make the back and seat4 ,glue the seat to four slender corks for legs and paint the whole green4 ,to make a table1 glue four cork legs to a strong piece of cardboard4 ,the ,house ,a dolls' house can be made of almost any kind of box4 ,for the simplest and smallest kind cigar boxes can be used and the furniture made of cork1 for which directions are given later2 or a couple of low shelves in a bookcase or cupboard will do4 ,much better1 however1 is a large well-made packing-case divided by wooden and strong cardboard partitions into two1 four1 or six rooms1 according to its size4 ,a specially made box is1 of course1 best of all2 this should be divided into four or six rooms1 and should have a sloping roof to give attic room for boxes and odd furniture4 ,the house can be stained outside or papered a plain dark color4 ,one or two windows should be cut out of the walls of each room by the carpenter who made the box1 and there must be doors between the rooms4 ,a piece of thin glass cut to the right size can be fixed on the windows at home4 ,but before this is done the house must be papered4 ,the best kind of paper is that used by bookbinders for the insides of the covers1 because the patterns used are so dainty and small2 but this is not always easy to get4 ,any small-patterned paper will do1 or what is called lining paper1 which can be got in every color4 ,the paper must be very smoothly put on with paste4 ,always start at the top when pressing it to the wall1 and smooth it downward gently4 ,dadoes or friezes can be divided off with the tiny beading which frame-makers use1 or with a painted line1 which must be straight and evenly done4 ,fireplaces ,fireplaces1 which can be bought or made at home1 should be put in next4 ,to make one yourself1 take a strong cardboard-box lid about four inches long and two wide 7though the size must depend on the size of the room74 ,very neatly cut off a quarter of it4 ,this smaller part1 covered with gold or silver paper1 will make the fender4 ,then cut off both sides of the remaining piece1 leaving the strip at the top to form the mantelpiece4 ,glue the back of the cover to the wall1 hang little curtains from the shelf1 put some ornaments on it1 arrange the fender in front1 and the fireplace is complete4 ,a grate can be imitated in cardboard painted black and red4 ,a ,furnishing ,game ,a splendid game of shop can be played while the furnishing is going on3 in fact1 from the moment you have the bare house a board or sign with ,to ,let or ,for ,sale will quickly attract house-hunting dolls1 and when a couple have taken it they will have their days full of shopping before it is ready for them4 ,you will1 of course1 yourself be the manufacturers and shopkeepers4 ,it is well to make out careful bills for everything sold1 and the more things you can display in your show-rooms the better4 ,all house-hunting dolls require plenty of money4 ,curtains ,windows have been mentioned1 but they are not by any means a necessity4 ,yet even if you cannot have windows1 you should put up curtains1 for they make the rooms prettier4 ,shades can be made of linen1 edged at the bottom with a piece of lace1 and nailed on the wall just above the window4 ,during the day these are rolled up and tied4 ,white curtains should be bordered with lace and run on a piece of tape1 which can be nailed or pinned on both sides of the window4 ,they will then draw4 ,the heavy inside curtains can be hung on a pencil 7which may be gilded or left its own color7 supported by two picture screws4 ,fasten these curtains back with narrow ribbons4 ,some dolls' houses1 of course1 are fitted with real doors4 ,but if you do not have these1 it is perhaps well to hang the doorway with curtains1 also on pencils4 ,floors ,the floors can be stained or painted either all over or round the edges4 ,carpets are better not made of ordinary carpet1 for it is much too thick1 but of colored canvas1 or chintz1 or thin felt1 or serge4 ,a rug made of a plain colored material with a cross-stitch or embroidered pattern around it is very pretty4 ,fine matting can also be used1 and oil-cloth is excellent for the kitchen4 ,general ,remarks on ,furnishing ,in another place in this book 7pp4 #bbh-bcc7 will be found instructions for making furniture for very small and simple dolls' houses2 but for a good dolls' house with several good-sized rooms you would probably prefer1 for the most part1 to use bought things4 ,square tables are of course easy to make 7a cardboard-box lid on four legs is practically the whole thing71 and there are other articles which1 if you see your way to devise1 are better made at home1 instructions for which will be found as you read on2 but chairs and round tables and so forth are perhaps most satisfactory when they come from the toy-shop4 ,both in buying furniture and in making it1 it is necessary always to remember the size of the rooms and of the dolls1 and the size of whatever furniture you may already have1 so as to keep everything in proportion4 ,beds ,beds can be made of cardboard-boxes of different sizes4 ,the box turned upside down makes the bed itself1 and the cover should be fixed upright behind it for curtains to hang from4 ,these curtains and the frill round the bed should be made of any thin material1 such as muslin4 ,the mattress1 bolster1 and pillows are best made of cotton-wool covered with muslin or calico4 ,sheets may be made also out of muslin2 pillow-cases should be edged with lace2 for blankets you use flannel1 button-hole-stitched round with colored silk or wool1 and the quilt will look best if made of a dainty piece of silk1 or muslin over a colored sateen to match the curtains4 ,a tiny nightdress case should not be forgotten4 ,beds for doll children can be made in the same way out of match-boxes2 and for cozy little cots for babies there are walnut shells4 ,illustration3 ,,cardboard ,,box ,,beds ,bead ,furniture ,illustration3 ,,bead ,,chair ,chairs can be made with wire1 beads1 a little silk or cotton material1 some cardboard and cotton-wool4 ,to make a chair in this way1 cut a piece of cardboard the size that you want the seat to be4 ,lay a good wad of cotton-wool over it1 and then cover it neatly4 ,on a piece of strong wire thread enough beads to go round the seat of the chair4 ,sew this firmly to the seat4 ,then thread beads on four pieces of wire the right length for the legs1 and leave a little piece of wire with which to fasten them to the wire round the seat4 ,then make the back from a longer piece of wire1 bent into shape and attached to the seat in the same way1 and put a short row of beads across the middle4 ,you will need a pair of tweezers to cut the wire and to finish the fastening securely4 ,pictures ,pictures for the walls can be made very easily4 ,the picture itself will be a scrap or tiny photograph4 ,this is pasted on a piece of cardboard larger than itself1 and round the edge of that you place a strip of whatever colored paper you want for the frame4 ,the picture cord1 a piece of cotton1 can be glued on the back4 ,more elaborate frames are cut out of cardboard and bound round with colored silk and covered with gold paint4 ,the picture is then stuck into it4 ,bookshelves and ,books ,the simplest bookshelves are those that hang from a nail on the wall4 ,they are made by cutting two or three strips of cardboard of the size of the shelves and boring holes at the corners of each4 ,these are then threaded one by one on four lengths of silk or fine string1 knots being tied to keep the shelves the right distance apart4 ,care has to be taken to get the knots exactly even1 or the shelf will be crooked4 ,books can be made by sewing together a number of tiny sheets of paper1 with a colored cover and a real or invented title4 ,sometimes these books contain real stories4 ,other ,articles ,a dolls' house ought to be as complete as possible1 and though this will take a long time it is absorbingly interesting work from start to finish4 ,it should be the ambition of the mistress of a dolls' house to have it as well furnished as the house of a grown-up person1 and if she looks round the rooms in her own home carefully she will see how many things can be copied4 ,there will be cushions to make1 fancy table-cloths for different tables1 toilet-covers and towels for the bedroom1 splashers to go behind wash-stands1 mats in front of them1 and roll-towels and kitchen cloths for the kitchen4 ,everything should be made of the thinnest and finest material1 cut with the greatest care and sewn with the tiniest stitches4 ,light and dainty colors are best for a dolls' house4 ,if you have several rooms1 it is a good plan to have a pink room1 a blue room1 a yellow room1 and in each room to have everything of different shades of that color and white4 ,perhaps no material is so useful to the owner of a dolls' house as art muslin4 ,it is soft1 cheap1 and very pretty4 ,coming to other furniture which can be made at home1 we find screens 7made of cardboard and scraps71 music for the piano1 walking-sticks1 flowers 7made of colored tissue-paper and wire71 flower-pots 7made of corks covered with red paper71 cupboards to keep linen and glass in 7made out of small cardboard boxes1 fitted with shelves71 and many other little things which1 if you look round your own home carefully1 will be suggested to you4 ,even bicycles can be imitated in cardboard and placed in the hall4 ,the ,inhabitants ,as to dolls1 the more the merrier4 ,they are so cheap and can be dressed so easily that it seems a great pity not to have a large family and a larger circle of friends who will occasionally visit them4 ,there must be a father and a mother1 a baby and some children1 servants 7in stiff print dresses with caps and aprons71 and certainly a bride1 who1 if her dress can not be changed for an ordinary one1 ought to be kept carefully hidden1 except when there is a wedding4 ,dressing ,dolls ,it is rather difficult to dress these tiny dolls so that their clothes will take off and on1 but it is much better to do so if possible4 ,in any case they can have capes and hats which take off4 ,the thinnest materials make the best underclothes1 but stiff material for dresses makes it possible to stand the dolls up4 ,glove buttons1 and the narrowest ribbons1 tapes1 and laces1 are useful things to have when you are dressing dolls'-house dolls4 ,dolls' ,dinner ,parties ,dolls occasionally require parties4 ,the food may be real or imitation4 ,if real1--such as currants and raisins1 sugar and candied peel1--it is more amusing at the moment2 but if imitation1 you have a longer time of interest in making it4 ,get a little flour1 and mix it with salt and water into a stiff paste1 like clay4 ,then mould it to resemble a round of beef1 a chicken1 a leg of mutton1 potatoes1 pies1 or whatever you want1 and stand it in front of the fire to dry4 ,when dry1 paint 7in water-color7 to resemble these things still more4 ,if there is clay in the garden1 you can make all these things from that1 and many others too4 ,dolls' ,flats ,just as people live not only in houses but in flats1 so may there be dolls' flats as well as dolls' houses4 ,a dolls' flat consists of a board on which the outline of the rooms is made with single bricks4 ,for example1 a four-roomed flat might be arranged like this-- ,illustration3 ,a ,,doll',s ,,apartments ,to lay the bricks on a board is not necessary4 ,they can be laid on the floor equally well1 except that when you have done playing you will have then to put them away again1 whereas if placed on a board they can be left till next time4 ,nor is there any reason why the walls should not be higher than a single brick2 that is merely a matter of taste4 ,once the walls are ready the furniture and dolls can be put in in the ordinary way4 ,smaller ,dolls' ,houses ,so far we have been considering larger dolls' houses4 ,but there are also smaller ones1 which naturally require much smaller furniture4 ,these dolls' houses can be made of cardboard 7as described on p4 #bcg and on71 or they can be merely small boxes--even cigar boxes2 and the dolls and furniture in them can be1 if you like1 all paper1 or made of materials in ways that are now suggested4 ,cork and ,match-box ,furniture ,this furniture1 if very neatly made1 can be very successful1 and it costs almost nothing4 ,plain pins will do quite well1 although the fancy ones are much prettier4 ,velvet or thin cloth is best for the dining-room furniture2 silk for the drawing room2 and some light-colored cotton material for the bedrooms4 ,materials ,you will need-- ,several good-sized corks1 or pickle corks1 for the larger things4 ,some pieces of fancy silk or velvet4 ,a number of strong pins of different sizes4 7,the fancy pins with large white1 black1 and colored heads are best47 ,some wool1 silk1 or tinsel which will go well with the silk or velvet4 ,a strong needle and a spool of cotton4 ,chairs ,illustration3 ,,cork ,,arm-,,chair ,cut a round or square piece of cork about quarter of an inch thick and one inch across4 ,cover it with a piece of silk or velvet1 making all the stitches on that side of the cork which will be the under side of the seat4 ,for the legs put a pin firmly into each corner4 ,wind a little wool or silk firmly round each leg1 finishing it off as neatly as possible4 ,the back of the seat is made by sticking four pins rather closely together and winding the wool or silk in and out of them4 ,fasten the wool with a tiny knot both when you begin winding and when you finish4 ,armchairs are made in the same way1 except that they are rather larger1 and arms--made of small pins--are added4 ,chestnut ,chairs ,illustration3 ,,chestnut ,,chair an be made of chestnuts4 ,the flatter side of the nut is the seat1 and in this are stuck pins for the back 7and arms if necessary71 which may be bound together with gold or silver tinsel4 ,other pins are stuck in underneath for legs4 ,sofas ,for a sofa a piece of cork about two inches long and half an inch thick is needed4 ,this must be covered1 and then quite short pins stuck in for legs4 ,put a row of short pins along one side and the two ends1 and wind the wool neatly in and out of them4 ,tables ,illustration3 ,,fancy ,,table ,round tables can be made best of different-sized pieces of cork1 with very strong pins for legs2 and square ones of the outside of a wooden match-box1 with four little medicine-bottle corks glued under it for legs4 ,in either case it is most important to have the legs well fixed on and of exactly the same length4 ,it is not necessary to cover a table1 but a table-cloth of silk1 either fringed1 or hemmed with tiny stitches1 and a white table-cloth for meals1 should be made4 ,fancy tables can be made by taking a flat round cork and sticking pins into it at regular intervals all round4 ,weave silk or tinsel in and out of the pins until they are covered4 7,see above47 ,foot-,stools ,several small pieces of cork may be covered to make foot-stools4 ,standard ,lamp ,a serviceable standard lamp can be made by taking a small empty cotton spool1 gilding or painting it1 and fixing the wooden part of a thin penholder firmly into it4 ,on the top of it glue a round piece of cork1 on which a lamp-shade1 made of one of the little red paper caps that chemists put on bottles1 can be placed4 ,bedroom ,furniture--,materials ,you will need-- ,two large wooden match-boxes4 ,several corks of different sizes4 ,some pieces of chintz1 of cotton material1 flannel1 linen1 oil-cloth1 and a little cotton-wool4 ,an empty walnut shell4 ,several wooden matches with the heads taken off4 ,pins of different sizes4 ,wool1 silk or tinsel1 for the backs of the chairs4 ,a tube of glue4 ,beds ,illustration3 ,,match-,,box ,,bedstead ,to make a bed1 take the inside of a match-box and cut away the bottom of it4 ,then take two matches and glue them to the two corners at the head of the bed so that a portion sticks out below the bed for legs and above the bed for a railing4 ,cut two more matches to the same length as these others1 less the part of them that serves for legs1 and fasten these at equal distances from each other and from the two others already glued in position4 ,along the top of these place another match for a rail1 and the head of the bed is done4 ,for the foot of the bed repeat these operations exactly1 except that all the upright matches must be a little shorter4 ,then cut off one end of the bottom of the box and fit it in to form the part of the bed that takes the mattress4 ,the bedstead1 when made1 should be like the one in the accompanying picture4 ,a little mattress must now be made to fit the bed exactly2 it can be stuffed with cotton-wool or bran4 ,a pillow1 blankets1 sheets1 and a fancy coverlet may also be made1 and a very thin and tiny frill should be put right round the bed to hide the box4 ,a very pretty baby's cradle can be made out of half a walnut shell4 ,it should be lined1 and curtains should be hung from a match fastened upright at one end of the shell4 ,dressing-,tables ,the outside of the same match-box that was used for the bed will make a dressing-table4 ,stand it up on either side of its striking sides1 and glue or sew a piece of light-colored thin material all round it1 and then over this put a muslin frill4 ,make a little white cloth to lay on the top of the table4 ,the looking-glass is made by fixing a square of silver paper in a cardboard frame4 ,washstands ,take the inside of another match-box and stand it up on one of its sides4 ,then take five or six matches and cut them to that length which1 when they are glued in an upright row at equal distances apart to the back of the match-box1 will cause them to stand up above the top of it about a third of an inch4 ,on the tops of them then lay another match to make a little railing4 ,cover the box as you did the dressing-table4 ,put a little mat of oil-cloth on the top of the box1 and make another large one to lay in front of it4 ,proper jugs and basins will1 of course1 have to be bought1 but an acorn cup or small shell makes a very good toy basin4 ,illustration3 ,,match-,,box ,,washstand ,wardrobes ,the wardrobe is made by standing the inside of a match-box on end1 fixing inside several little pegs made of small pieces of match stuck in with glue1 and hanging two little curtains in front of it4 ,if1 when done1 it seems too low1 it may be raised on four little corks4 ,towel-,rack ,a towel-horse can easily be made with six long pins and two small pieces of cork4 ,illustration3 ,,towel ,,rack ,clothes-,basket ,illustration3 ,,clothes ,,basket ,to make a clothes-basket1 take a round piece of cork about a quarter of an inch thick and stick pins closely together all round it1 as in the above picture4 ,then weave wool in and out of them4 ,,dolls' ,,houses ,,and ,,dolls ,,of ,,cardboard ,,and ,,paper ,a cardboard house1 furnished with paper furniture and occupied by paper dolls1 is a very good substitute for an ordinary dolls' house1 and the making of it is hardly less interesting4 ,the simplest way to make a cardboard house is to cut it all 7with the exception of the partition and the roof7 in one piece4 ,the plan given here is for a two-roomed cottage1 the measurements for which can be multiplied to whatever size you like 7or whatever is the utmost that your sheet of cardboard will permit74 ,the actual model from which this plan was made 7the house was built from a royal sheet of ,bristol board7 had a total floor measurement of #h inches by #ad4 ,the end walls were #e inches high1 the side walls #e inches1 sloping up to #g in the middle1 and the partition was #g inches4 ,the roof was slightly wider than the floor1 in order to make wide eaves1 and as much longer as was needful not only for the eaves but also to allow for the angle4 ,the first thing to do is to rule the outline of the cottage4 ,all the measurements must be most accurately made1 as the slightest incorrectness will keep the house from fitting together properly4 ,then cut it out4 ,when this is done1 draw the windows and doors4 ,then lay your cardboard on a board1 and run your knife along each side of the windows and the three free sides of the doors until the card is cut through4 ,a ruler held close to the penciled line will make your knife cut straight4 ,the bars across the windows can be made of strips of paper glued on afterward4 ,if the doors have a tiny piece shaved off each of the cut sides1 they will open and shut easily4 ,to make the front door open well1 outward1 the hinge line of the door 7,,kk7 should be half cut through on the inside4 ,the hinge can be strengthened by gluing a narrow strip of paper or linen along it4 ,at the three points marked ,h make small slits through which to put the tags1 marked ,g1 of the partition wall4 ,all drawing and painting must be done on both sides while the house is still flat4 ,the doors inside will need handles and keyholes4 ,small pieces of mica can be glued over the windows instead of glass4 ,little curtains of crinkly tissue-paper can also be made1 and1 if you like1 the walls can easily be papered with colored paper pasted on4 ,this will cause some delay1 however1 for it must be well pressed4 ,instead1 wall-paper patterns could be painted on4 ,outside--that is1 on the underside of the cardboard--there is a great deal to do4 ,both walls and roof can be painted1 and tiles1 bricks1 and creepers imitated4 ,the front door should have a knocker and a letterbox1 and around both the door and the windows should be imitation framework4 ,as the upright joints of the four walls will be made of linen painted to imitate brick-work or stone-work1 you need not carry the painting of the walls quite to the edges1 because these will be covered by the joints4 ,it is best to paint the joints before you stick them on4 ,before turning the card over again1 run your knife along the four sides of the floor to assist the bending up of the walls4 ,do not on any account cut through2 merely make a half cut4 ,illustraton3 ,,cardboard ,,doll',s ,,house ,when you have drawn and painted all you can think of to make the house complete and pretty1 take your strips of linen1 for the fastening of the walls1 crease them in half1 lengthwise1 and glue one half to the outside of the edge of the walls marked ,,cb and ,,de in the plan4 ,when this is quite dry1 bend the back wall and the two side walls up1 and glue the free sides of the strips to the wall marked ,,ab and ,,ef1 holding the walls firmly together until well stuck4 ,strengthen the fold ,,lm1 which has to serve as a hinge for the front of the house1 with a strip of linen glued underneath4 ,the sides of the front wall must remain unattached1 as that forms the opening4 ,it can be kept closed by a strong pin slipped through the roof4 ,illustration3 ,,appearance ,,of ,,house ,,when ,,complete ,the ,partition ,now for the partition4 ,put the three tags ,g ,g ,g through the slits ,h ,h ,h and glue them firmly down on the outside4 7,these will have to be touched up with paint47 ,the roof must then be put on4 ,cut out a slit ,n an inch long to fit the tag on the partition1 also marked ,n4 ,run your knife along the dotted line underneath1 and fold it to the necessary angle to fit the sloping walls4 ,where the roof touches the end walls it must be fastened on with strips of linen or paper1 which have been folded in the same way as before and one half fastened securely to the walls4 ,it is important to let it get quite dry before gluing the other half to the roof4 ,illustration3 ,,dog ,,kennel 7,fig4 #a7 ,,and ,,roof 7,fig4 #b7 ,the ,chimney ,the chimney1 of which the illustration is the actual size1 is the last thing to be made4 ,first paint1 and then fold the two side pieces downward1 cut out the three little holes and put into them three chimneys1 made by folding small pieces of paper1 painted red1 round a penholder1 and gluing their edges together4 ,the chimney is fixed to the sloping roof with very small pieces of glued paper4 ,remember that all the pieces of paper used as fastening ought to be touched up with paint4 ,the chimney in the drawing of the complete house on page #bdj is put at the side of the roof1 but it may even better go in the middle4 ,the ,garden ,the cottage can then be fixed to a piece of wood or paste-board1 to form its garden and add to convenience in moving it about4 ,a cardboard fence and gate can be cut out and painted green4 ,a path to the front door is made by covering a narrow space of the cardboard with very thin glue over which1 while it is wet1 sand is sprinkled to imitate gravel4 ,moss will do for evergreens1 and grass plots can be made of green cloth4 ,a summer-house1 garden chairs and tables are easily cut out of cardboard4 ,so also are a rabbit-hutch1 pump1 dove-cot1 and dog-kennel4 ,a plan of a dog-kennel1 actual size1 is given4 ,another ,way ,it is1 of course1 possible to make a house of several pieces instead of one4 ,the walls and floors can be made separately and joined with linen strips2 but this adds to the difficulty of the work and causes the houses to be less steady4 ,cardboard houses can also be made with two floors4 ,the ,house ,that ,glue ,built ,a novel kind of paper house has been gotten out in book form4 ,it is called ,the ,house ,that ,glue ,built1 and consists of pictures of rooms1 without furniture1 which is shown on separate sheets4 ,the object is to cut out the furniture1 arrange it and paste it in its proper place4 ,the illustration shows the library1 and the furniture for it4 ,there is also a sheet of dolls to be cut out1 who represent the owners of the house4 ,two other books on the same order are ,the ,fun ,that ,glue ,made and ,stories ,that ,glue ,told4 ,they are all easily put together1 and are lots of fun4 ,paper ,furniture ,everything required for the furnishing and peopling of a cardboard dolls' house can be made of paper2 and if colored at all cleverly the furniture will appear to be as solid as that of wood4 ,after cutting out and joining together one or two of the models given in the pages that follow1 and thus learning the principle on which paper furniture is made1 you will be able to add all kinds of things to those mentioned here or to devise new patterns for old articles1 such as chairs and desks4 ,glue and ,adhesive ,tape ,two recent inventions of the greatest possible use to the maker of paper furniture are fish-glue which gets dry very quickly and is more than ordinarily strong1 and adhesive tape4 ,glue can be bought for very little1 and adhesive tape1 which is sold principally for mending music and the torn pages of books1 is put up in inexpensive spools4 ,home-,made ,compasses ,a pair of compasses is a good thing to have2 but you can make a perfectly serviceable tool by cutting out a narrow strip of cardboard about four inches long and boring holes at intervals1 of a quarter of an inch1 through which the point of a pencil can be placed4 ,if one end of the strip is fastened to the paper with a pin you can draw a circle of what size you want1 up to eight inches across4 ,materials ,these are the materials needed when making paper furniture3-- ,a few sheets of stiff note-paper or drawing-paper4 ,scissors4 ,a penknife4 ,a ruler 7a flat one74 ,a mapping-pen4 ,a box of paints4 ,a board to cut out on4 ,adhesive tape or stamp-paper4 ,glue4 ,tracing ,if the drawings are to be traced1 tracing-paper1 or transparent note-paper1 and a sheet of carbon-paper1 will also be needed4 ,to trace a drawing1 cover it with paper and draw it exactly4 ,then cover the paper or cardboard from which you wish to cut out the furniture with a piece of carbon-paper1 black side down1 and over that place your tracing4 ,draw over this again with a very sharply pointed pencil or pointed stick1 and the lines will be repeated by the carbon-paper on the under sheet of paper4 ,the furniture1 for which designs are given in this chapter1 can be made of stiff note-paper1 ,whatman's drawing-paper1 or thin ,bristol board4 ,the drawings can be copied or traced4 ,in either case the greatest care must be taken that the measurements are minutely correct and the lines perfectly straight4 ,a slip of paper is a very good thing to measure with4 ,enough designs have been given to show how most different kinds of furniture can be made4 ,these can1 of course1 be varied and increased by copying from good furniture lists2 while many little things such as saucepans1 dishes1 clocks1 and so forth1 can be copied from stores lists and added to the few that are given on p4 #bdh4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,library ,,and ,,furniture ,,from ,,the ,,house ,,that ,,glue ,,built 7,facing page #bdd7 ,these small articles are cut out flat1 but an extra piece of paper is left under each1 which1 when bent back1 makes a stand4 ,general ,instructions ,the front legs of chairs1 the legs of tables1 and the backs of furniture must be neatly joined together by narrow strips of stamp-paper or adhesive tape4 ,to do this1 cut a strip of the right size1 crease it down the middle1 and stick one side4 ,allow this to dry1 before you fix the other4 ,wherever in the pictures there is a dotted line1 it means that the paper is to be folded there4 ,it will be easily seen whether it is to be folded up or down4 ,before the furniture is folded it should be painted4 ,wood1 iron1 brass1 and silk can all be imitated in color4 ,in cutting out small spaces of cardboard--as between the bars of a chair--lay the card on a board1 and keeping your knife1 which should be sharp at the point1 against a flat ruler1 run it again and again along the lines you want to cut1 until you have cut through4 ,if your furniture is made of paper1 the spaces can be cut out with finely pointed scissors1 taking care to start in the middle of the space1 for the first incision is seldom a clean one4 ,illustration3 ,,kitchen ,,table 7,cut out the oblong parts marked ,,aa47 ,illustration3 ,,kitchen ,,range ,,and ,,kitchen ,,chair 7,a is turned up to form a shelf for saucepans2 ,b is glued down over the back47 ,illustration3 ,,screen 7,to be made of one piece of paper folded into three equal parts and cut out in accordance with the illustration47 ,illustration3 ,,various ,,pots ,,and ,,pans 7,under part to be folded back for a stand47 ,illustration3 ,,dining-,,room ,,table ,,and ,,cloth ,illustration3 ,,sideboard ,illustration3 ,,sofa ,,and ,,arm-,,chair 7,the corners must be fastened to the sheet by very narrow strips of paper47 ,ilustration3 ,,wooden ,,bedstead ,illustration3 ,,wardrobe 7,join the sides ,,ab and ,,ab1 and then bend the top down1 glueing the flap ,c to the back of the wardrobe47 ,illustration3 ,,dressing ,,table ,illustration3 ,,washstand ,illustration3 ,,rocking-,,chair1 ,,towel ,,rack1 ,,and ,,chair ,illustration3 ,,child',s ,,high ,,chair ,,and ,,cot 7,in the chair the lines ,,ab and ,,ba must be cut4 ,in the cot the four pieces marked ,a are cut out on their sides and bent down to form legs47 ,paper ,dolls ,paper dolls are not as good to play with as proper dolls4 ,one can do much less with them because they cannot be washed1 have no hair to be brushed1 and should not sit down4 ,but they can be exceedingly pretty1 and the keeping of their wardrobes in touch with the fashion is an absorbing occupation4 ,paper dolls are more interesting to those who like painting than to others4 ,the pleasure of coloring them and their dresses is to many of us quite as interesting as cutting out and sewing the clothes of ordinary dolls4 ,making ,paper ,dolls ,the first thing to do is to draw the doll in pencil on the cardboard or paper which it is to be cut from4 ,if you are not good at drawing1 the best way is to trace a figure in a book or newspaper1 and then1 slipping a piece of carbon-paper 7which can be bought for a penny or less at any stationer's7 between your tracing-paper and the cardboard1 to go over the outline again with a pencil or a pointed stick4 ,on uncovering the cardboard you will find the doll there all ready to cut out4 ,it should then be colored on both sides1 partly flesh color and partly underclothes4 ,the ,dresses ,the dresses are made of sheets of note-paper1 the fold of which forms the shoulder pieces4 ,the doll is laid on the paper1 with head and neck lapping over the fold1 and the line of the dress is then drawn a little larger than the doll4 ,a small round nick to form the collar is cut between the shoulders of the dress1 and a slit is made down the back through which the doll's head can be passed4 ,after the head is through it is turned round4 7,of course1 if the dress is for evening the place which you cut for the neck must be larger1 and in this case no slit will be needed47 ,all the details of the dresses1 which can be of original design1 or copied from advertisements and fashion plates1 must be drawn in in pencil and afterward painted4 ,hats1 trimmed with tissue-paper feathers or ribbons1 are made of round pieces of note-paper with a slit in them just big enough for the tip of the doll's head to go through4 ,the illustrations on pp4 #bfj and #bfa should make everything clear4 ,other ,paper ,dolls ,simpler and absolutely symmetrical paper dolls are made by cutting them out of folded paper1 so that the fold runs right down the middle of the doll4 ,by folding many pieces of paper together1 one can cut out many dolls at once4 ,walking ,dolls ,walking ladies are made in that way2 but they must have long skirts and no feet1 and when finished a cut is made in the skirt--as in the picture--and the framework thus produced is bent back4 ,when the doll is placed on the table and gently blown it will move gracefully along4 ,illustration3 ,,walking ,,paper ,,dolls ,illustration3 ,,paper ,,mother ,,and ,,child1 ,,with ,,clothes ,,for ,,each ,illustration3 ,a ,,paper ,,girl ,,with ,,six ,,changes ,tissue-,paper ,dresses ,dresses can also be made of crinkly tissue-paper glued to a foundation of plain note-paper4 ,frills1 flounces1 and sashes are easily imitated in this material1 and if the colors are well chosen the result is very pretty4 ,rows of ,paper ,dolls ,to make a row of paper dolls1 take a piece of paper the height that the dolls are to be1 and fold it alternately backward and forward 7first one side and then the other7 leaving about an inch between each fold4 ,press the folds together tightly and cut out the half of a doll1 being careful that the arms are continued to the edge of the fold and are not cut off4 ,open out and you will have a string of paper dolls4 ,other articles to be made from paper and cardboard will be found on pp4 #bhd-bia4 ,,playhouses ,,of ,,other ,,peoples ,it is not in the least necessary to confine yourself to making playhouses that are like the houses you live in or see about you1 for with a little ingenuity you can construct bits of all sorts of strange countries right in your play-room4 ,in one of the schools in ,new ,york ,city the children study geography and history of certain kinds by making with their own hands scenes from the places about which they study4 ,one of the most valuable materials for making these playhouses is ordinary modeling clay4 ,you can buy fifty pounds for from fifty cents to a dollar1 and with this you are equipped to make almost anything you can see in pictures4 ,put the clay 7if bought dry7 into a jar1 pour over it clear water1 and stir it up with a stick until perfectly smooth and about the consistency of hard butter4 ,the first thing to do is to make a supply of bricks for building4 ,this should be shaped like real bricks and about two inches long4 ,smaller ones are also possible if you wish to have your settlement on a very small scale4 ,these should be made as regularly as possible and as nearly of the same size4 ,after a little practice one becomes very expert in this simple art4 ,they should then be dried in the sun and are ready to use1 though they must be handled carefully4 ,if you can obtain terra-cotta clay1 and have it baked hard you will have real bricks that will outlast your play-time4 ,a ,pueblo ,settlement ,suppose now that you have been reading about the life of the ,pueblo ,indians in our ,southwest1 and you have a picture of one of their singular settlements4 ,the accompanying picture shows what was done in the way of constructing such a settlement by a class of school children1 none of whom were over eight years old4 ,you can model little clay ,indian inhabitants and paint them as you please1 to represent their brown skins and bright-colored clothes4 ,if you can have a box with a little earth in it to set before your ,pueblo village you can sow wheat seed1 or mustard1 and model ,indians working in the fields with their crude plows4 ,anything of which you can find a picture can be reproduced4 ,indian villages and camps are easy to make and interesting4 ,and once you are started on ,indian life it may be fun to make yourselves ,indian costumes4 ,the costumes in the picture shown were made by the boys who wear them4 ,by looking closely at them you can copy them4 ,an ,esquimau ,village ,another class in the same school painted their bricks white to represent blocks of snow and made an ,esquimau village4 ,this is fascinating and easy to do4 ,or1 the rounded huts can be modeled all in one piece directly from the clay4 ,any book describing the life of dwellers in the ,arctic region will tell you how they make their houses and you can make tiny imitations of them that will be infinite fun to construct and the admiration of all your friends when finished4 ,cotton-wool can be used for snow 7powdered isinglass also is pretty71 and bits of broken mirror for ice-ponds4 ,little sleds can be made on which to put your ,esquimau hunter1 who may be one of the white-fur-clad dolls so cheaply bought in toy-stores4 ,or you can model a little doll just the right size to be entering the door of your tiny rounded white hut4 ,illustration3 ,,an ,,esquimau ,,sled ,illustration3 ,,indian ,,costumes 7,facing page #bff7 ,a ,filipino ,village ,or if you get tired of living near the ,arctic circle you can sweep your table clean of ,esquimau dwellings and construct a ,filipino village4 ,for these you do not need bricks 7which can be given a rest and put away in a box7 but little splints of wood the same size and length which you can make yourself with a knife4 ,make a little thin floor of damp clay 7but drier than you use it to model with7 and stick your upright pieces in this in the shape of the house you wish to make4 ,when the clay has hardened they are held quite firm and you can make a wattled hut by weaving long straws or grasses in and out to form your walls4 ,a thatched roof can also be made of long grasses1 tied in little bunches and laid close together all sloping down from the ridge-pole4 ,almost every magazine of a few years back has in it pictures of ,filipino villages which will furnish you with models to copy4 ,according to the size of the table or board on which you make your settlements you can have more or less extensive tropical country1 surrounding your village4 ,mountains can be made of the clay1 covered with moss or grasses to represent the jungle and a river with overhanging trees arranged with bits of broken looking-glass1 and twigs with tiny scraps of green tissue paper glued to them for leaves4 ,the exercise of your own ingenuity in using all sorts of unlikely materials which you will find all about you is the best part of this game4 ,after you have decided to change the climate and character of your village1 the clay used may be broken up and put back in your jar1 wet again1 stirred smooth and is all ready to begin again4 ,great care should be taken that it is kept clean1 that bits of wood or glass be not left in it1 or you may cut or prick your fingers in handling it4 ,a ,dutch ,street ,you cannot only wander from one climate and from one nationality to another1 but from one century to another4 ,if you are studying early ,american history nothing is more fun than to make a street in an old ,dutch settlement4 ,your bricks are painted red for this4 ,almost any history-book will have pictures of one or two old ,dutch houses which will show you the general look of them4 ,they are harder to construct than the ruder huts of savages and may need to be held together with a little use of damp clay4 ,it is interesting to try and reconstruct old ,dutch ,manhattan1 from the maps and pictures1 showing the bay and the walk on the ,battery4 ,or if you are interested in ,colonial ,new ,england1 make a settlement of log-houses with the upper story overhanging the first4 ,on any walk you can pick up enough small sticks to use as logs after trimming and measuring4 ,other possibilities in this line are suggested below4 ,you will have more fun in working them out yourself than if you are told just how to proceed4 ,a ,roman arena with gladiators fighting and a curtain which may be drawn to keep off the sun4 ,a little fishing-village beside the sea 7a large pan of water7 with tiny nets spread out to dry and little walnut shell boats drawn up on the sandy beach4 ,a farmhouse1 barn1 pig-pen1 dog-kennel1 carriage-house and the like4 ,a very pretty settlement can be made of this with fields of growing grain1 brooks1 water-wheels1 etc4 ,all the animals of a farm can be modeled and painted4 ,when they are skilfully made they are very pretty and add much to the picture and when they are done unskilfully it is fun to have people guess what they were meant for4 ,however1 with a little practice very presentable animals can be modeled4 ,it is easier to make them in clay than to draw them4 ,a gypsy camp1 with tents and open fires 7bits of yellow and red tissue-paper71 under a black kettle 7made of clay and painted7 swung on a forked stick1 can easily be made4 ,of course with tin or lead soldiers the number of games one can invent with these tiny settlements is innumerable4 ,one favorite with some children is the attack and capture of the ,filipino village by ,american troops4 ,sometimes it is burned1 and this is always a stirring spectacle4 ,indeed with tin soldiers 7which are just now unjustly out of favor7 one's range of subjects is unlimited1 and one always has plenty of inhabitants for any settlement4 ,an army post can be made1 with a fort and barracks and a wide green parade ground with the regiment drawn up in line for dress-parade4 ,a tiny ,american flag flutters from the flag-pole and after the sunset gun booms 7a fire-cracker exploded or only some one striking a blow on a tin pan7 it can be lowered to the ground while the best whistler of the company executes ,the ,star-,spangled ,banner4 ,,indoor ,,occupations ,,and ,,things ,,to ,,make ,painting ,painting is an occupation which is within almost everybody's power1 and of which one tires very slowly or perhaps not at all4 ,by painting we mean coloring old pictures rather than making new ones1 since making new ones--from nature or imagination--require separate gifts4 ,on a wet afternoon--or1 if it is permitted1 on ,sunday afternoon--coloring the pictures in a scrapbook is a very pleasant and useful employment4 ,after dark1 painting is not a very wise occupation1 because1 in an artificial light1 colors cannot be properly distinguished4 ,all shops that sell artists' materials keep painting-books4 ,but old illustrated papers do very well4 ,flags ,an even more interesting thing to do with a paint-box is to make a collection of the flags of all nations4 ,and when those are all done1 you will find colored pages of them in any large dictionary1 and elsewhere too1--you might get possession of an old shipping guide1 and copy ,lloyd's signal code from it4 ,maps ,coloring maps is interesting1 but is more difficult than you might perhaps think1 owing to the skill required in laying an even surface of paint on an irregular space4 ,the middle of the country does not cause much trouble1 but when it comes to the jagged frontier line the brush has to be very carefully handled4 ,to wet the whole map with a wet brush at the outset is a help4 ,perhaps before starting in earnest on a map it would be best to practice a little with irregular-shaped spaces on another piece of paper4 ,magic-,lantern ,slides ,if you have a magic lantern in the house you can paint some home-made slides4 ,the colors should be as gay as possible4 ,the best home-made slides are those which illustrate a home-made story2 and the fact that you cannot draw or paint really well should not discourage you at all4 ,a simpler way of making slides is to hold the glass over a candle until one side is covered with lamp black and then with a sharp stick to draw outline pictures on it4 ,another way is to cut out silhouettes in black paper1 or colored tracing-paper1 and stick them to the glass4 ,in copying a picture on a slide put the glass over the picture and draw the outline with a fine brush dipped in ,indian ink4 ,then paint4 ,all painting on slides should be covered with fixing varnish1 or it will rub off4 ,illuminating ,as a change from painting there is illuminating1 for which smaller brushes and gold and silver paint are needed4 ,illuminating texts is a favorite ,sunday afternoon employment4 ,pen and ,ink ,work ,there is also pen and ink drawing1 mistakenly called etching1 for which you require a tiny pen1 known as a mapping pen1 and a cake of ,indian ink4 ,if the library contains a volume of old wood-cuts1 particularly ,bewick's ,birds or ,bewick's ,quadrupeds1 you will have no lack of pictures to copy4 ,chalks ,in place of paints a box of chalks will serve very well4 ,tracing ,smaller children1 who have not yet learned to paint properly1 often like to trace pictures either on tracing paper held over the picture1 or on ordinary thin paper held over the picture against the window pane4 ,pricking ,pictures ,pictures can also be pricked with a pin1 but in this case some one must draw it first4 ,you follow the outline with little pin pricks close together1 holding the paper on a cushion while you prick it4 ,then the picture is held up to the window for the light to shine through the holes4 ,easter ,eggs ,home-made ,easter eggs are made by painting pictures or messages on eggs that have been hard-boiled1 or by merely boiling them in water containing cochineal or some other coloring material4 ,in ,germany it is the custom for ,easter eggs to be hidden about in the house and garden1 and for the family to hunt for them before breakfast--a plan that might very well be taken up by us4 ,spatter-,work ,paper and cardboard articles can be prettily decorated by spatter-work4 ,ferns are the favorite shapes to use4 ,you first pin them on whatever it is that is to be ornamented in this way1 arranging them as prettily as possible4 ,then rub some ,indian ink in water on a saucer until it is quite thick4 ,dip an old tooth-brush lightly into the ink1 and1 holding it over the cardboard1 rub the bristles gently across a fine tooth comb4 ,this will send a spray of ink over the cardboard4 ,do this again and again until the tone is deep enough1 and try also to graduate it4 ,it must be remembered that the ink when dry is much darker than when wet4 ,then remove the ferns1 when under each there will be a white space exactly reproducing their beautiful shape4 ,if you like you can paint in their veins and shade them2 but this is not really necessary4 ,colored paints can be used instead of ,indian ink4 ,scrapbooks ,making scrapbooks is always a pleasant and useful employment1 whether for yourself or for children in hospitals or districts1 and there was never so good an opportunity as now of getting interesting pictures4 ,these you select from odd numbers of magazines1 ,christmas numbers1 illustrated papers1 and advertisements4 ,scraps are very useful to fill up odd corners4 ,in choosing pictures for your own scrapbook it is better to select only those that you really believe in and can find a reason for using1 than to take everything that seems likely to fit4 ,by choosing the pictures with this care you make the work more interesting and the book peculiarly your own4 ,but in making a scrapbook as a present for some one that you know1 you will1 of course1 in choosing pictures1 try to put yourself in his place and choose as you think that he would4 ,empty scrapbooks can be bought2 or you can make one by taking 7for a large one7 an old business ledger1 which some one whom you know is certain to be able to give you1 or 7for a small one7 an ordinary old exercise-book1 and then cutting out every other page about half an inch from the stitching4 ,this is to allow room for the extra thickness which the pictures will give to the book4 ,or you can sew sheets of brown paper together4 ,for sticking on the pictures1 use paste rather than gum2 and when it is done1 press the book under quite a light weight1 with sheets of paper between the pages4 ,scrapbooks for ,hospitals ,children that are ill are often too weak to hold up a large book and turn over the leaves4 ,there are two ways of saving them this exertion and yet giving them pleasure from pictures4 ,one is to get several large sheets of cardboard and cover them with pictures and scraps on both sides1 and bind them round with ribbon4 ,these can be enclosed in a box and sent to the matron4 ,she will distribute the cards among the children1 and when they have looked at each thoroughly they can exchange it for another4 ,another way is to use folding books which are more easy to hold than ordinary turning-over ones1 and you can make them at home very simply by covering half a dozen or more cards of the same size 7post-cards make capital little books7 with red linen1 and then sewing them edge to edge so as to get them all in a row4 ,in covering the cards with the linen--red is not compulsory1 but it is a good color to choose--it is better to paste it on as well as to sew it round the three edges 7a fold will come on one side71 because then when you stick on the pictures they will not cockle up4 ,pictures for hospital scrapbooks should be bright and gay4 ,colored ones are best1 but if you cannot get them already colored you can paint them4 ,painting a scrapbook is one of the best of employments4 ,composite ,scrapbooks ,sometimes it happens that you get very tired of one of the pictures in your scrapbook4 ,a good way to make it fresh and interesting again is to introduce new people or things4 ,you will easily find among your store of loose pictures a horse and cart1 or a dog1 or a man1 or a giraffe1 which1 when cut out1 will fit in amusingly somewhere in the old picture4 ,if you like1 a whole book can be altered reasonably in this way1 or made ridiculous throughout4 ,scrap-,covered ,screens ,a screen is an even more interesting thing to make than a scrapbook4 ,the first thing to get is the framework of the screen1 which will either be an old one the covering of which needs renewing1 or a new one made by the carpenter4 ,the next thing is to cover it with canvas1 which you must stretch on tightly and fasten with small tacks2 and over this should be pasted another covering of stout paper1 of whatever color you want for a background to the pictures4 ,paste mixed with size should be used in sticking it4 ,after the pictures are all arranged they should be stuck with the same material1 and a coat of paper varnish given to the whole1 so that it can be cleaned occasionally4 ,collecting ,stamps ,stamp-collecting is more interesting if money is kept out of it and you get your stamps by gift or exchange4 ,the best way to begin is to know some one who has plenty of foreign correspondence and to ask for all his old envelopes4 ,nothing but time and patience can make a good collection4 ,to buy it1 is to have little of the collector's joy4 ,postage-,stamp ,snakes ,old ,american stamps can be used for making snakes4 ,there is no need to soak the stamps off the envelope paper3 they must merely be cut out cleanly and threaded together4 ,a big snake takes about #d1jjj stamps4 ,the head is made of black velvet stuffed with cotton wool1 and beads serve for eyes4 ,a tongue of red flannel can be added4 ,puzzles ,if you have a fret saw1 and can use it cleverly1 you can make at home as good a puzzle as any that can be bought4 ,the first thing to do is to select a good colored picture1 and then to procure from a carpenter a thin mahogany board of the same size4 ,mahogany is not absolutely necessary1 but it must be some wood that is both soft and tough4 ,deal1 for instance1 is useless because it is not tough1 and oak is useless because it is not soft4 ,on this wood you stick the picture very firmly1 using weak glue in preference to paste or gum4 ,when it is quite dry you cut it up into the most difficult fragments that you can4 ,it is best to cut out the border so that each piece locks into the next4 ,this will then be put together first by the player and will serve to hold the picture together4 ,after the puzzle is cut up it is well to varnish each piece with paper varnish1 which keeps it clean and preserves it4 ,a simple puzzle can be made by pasting the picture on cardboard and cutting it up with scissors or a sharp knife4 ,soap ,bubbles ,for blowing bubbles the long clay pipes are best4 ,before using them1 the end of the mouthpiece ought to be covered with sealing-wax for about an inch1 or it may tear your lips4 ,common yellow soap is better than scented soap1 and rainwater than ordinary water4 ,a little glycerine added to the soap-suds helps to make the bubbles more lasting4 ,on a still summer day1 bubble-blowing out-of-doors is a fascinating and very pretty occupation4 ,shadows on the ,wall ,shadowgraphy nowadays has progressed a long way from the rabbit on the wall2 but in the house1 ambition in this accomplishment does not often extend further than that and one or two other animals1 and this is why only the rabbit1 dog1 and swan are given here4 ,the swan can be made more interesting by moving the arm which forms his neck as if he were prinking and pluming1 an effect which is much heightened by ruffling up and smoothing down the hair with the fingers forming his beak4 ,to get a clear shadow it is necessary to have only one light1 and that fairly close to the hands4 ,illustration3 ,,shadows ,,on ,,the ,,wall ,skeleton ,leaves ,leaves which are to be skeletonized should be picked from the trees at the end of ,june4 ,they should be perfect ones of full growth4 ,it is best to have several of each kind1 as some are sure to be failures4 ,put the leaves in a big earthenware dish or pan1 fill it with rain-water1 and stand it in a warm and sunny place--the purpose of this being to soak off the green pulpy part4 ,there is a great difference in the time which this takes3 some fine leaves will be ready in a week1 while others may need several months4 ,look at the leaves every day1 and when one seems to be ready slip a piece of cardboard under it and shake it about gently in fresh cold water4 ,if any green stuff remains1 dab it with a soft brush and then put it into another basin of clean water4 ,a fine needle can be used to take away any small and obstinate pieces of green4 ,it is now a skeleton and must be bleached according to the following directions3--,pour into a large earthenware jar a pint of water on half a pound of chloride of lime4 ,mix thoroughly1 breaking up any lumps with the hand4 ,add two and a half quarts of water1 cover over1 and leave for twenty-four hours4 ,then pour off the solution1 leaving the sediment behind4 ,dissolve two pounds of soda in one quart of boiling water1 and pour it1 while on the boil1 over the chloride solution4 ,cover it1 and leave for forty-eight hours2 then decant into bottles1 being careful to leave all sediment behind4 ,fill an earthenware dish with this solution1 lay the leaves in it1 and cover tightly4 ,the leaves will be bleached in six to twelve hours4 ,they should be taken out directly they are white1 as the lime makes them very brittle4 ,after bleaching1 rinse the leaves in cold water1 float them on to cards1 and dry between blotting-paper1 under a heavy weight4 ,ferns ,it should be noted that if you intend to skeletonize ferns1 they should not be picked before ,august1 and they must be pressed and dried before they are put into the bleaching solution1 in which they ought to stay for three or four days4 ,the solution should be changed on the second day1 and again on the fourth4 ,after bleaching they can be treated just as the leaves are4 ,wool ,balls ,cut out two rings of cardboard1 of whatever size you like1 from one inch in diameter up to about four inches4 ,a four-inch ring would make as large a ball as one usually needs1 and a one-inch ring as small a one as could be conveniently made4 ,the rim of the largest rings should not be wider than half an inch4 ,take a ball of wool and1 placing the cardboard rings together1 tie the end of it firmly round them4 ,then wind the wool over the rings1 moving them round and round to keep it even4 ,at first you will be able to push the ball through the rings easily1 but as the wool is wound the hole will grow smaller and smaller1 until you have to thread the wool through with a needle4 ,to do this it is necessary to cut the wool into lengths1 which you must be careful to join securely4 ,go on until the hole is completely filled and you cannot squeeze another needle through4 ,then slip a pair of scissors between the two rings and cut the wool all round them2 and follow this up quickly by slipping a piece of string also between them and tying it tightly round the wool that is in their midst4 ,this is to keep the loose ends1 which were made directly you cut the wool with the scissors1 from coming out4 ,all that is now necessary is to pull out the cardboard rings and shape the ball a little in your hands4 ,the tighter the wool was bound round the cards1 the smaller and harder the ball will be and the more difficult will it be to cut the wool neatly and tie it4 ,therefore1 and especially as the whole purpose of a wool ball is softness and harmlessness1 it is better to wind the wool loosely and to use thick wool rather than thin4 ,wool ,demons ,to make a ,wool ,demon1 take a piece of cardboard as wide as you want the demon to be tall1 say three inches1 and wind very evenly over it wool of the color you want the demon to be4 ,scarlet wool is perhaps best4 ,wind it about eighty times1 and then remove carefully and tie a piece round about half an inch from the top to make the neck4 ,this also secures the wool1 the lower looped ends of which can now be cut4 ,when cut1 gather up about twenty pieces each side for the arms1 and1 holding them firmly1 bind them round with other wool1 and cut off neatly at the proper length4 ,then tie more wool round to form the body4 ,the legs and tail are made in the same way as the arms1 except that wool is wound round the legs1 beginning from the feet and working upward1 only to the knees1 leaving a suggestion of knickerbockers4 ,eyes and other features can be sewn on in silk4 ,bead-,work ,among other occupations which are not in need of careful description1 but which ought to be mentioned1 bead-work is important4 ,it was once more popular than it now is2 but beads in many beautiful colors are still made1 and it is a pity that their advantages should be neglected4 ,bead-work lasts longer and is cleaner and brighter than any other form of embroidery4 ,perhaps the favorite use to which beads are now put is in the making of napkin-rings4 ,bead-flowers are made by threading beads on wire and bending them to the required shapes4 ,boxes of materials are sold in toy-shops4 ,post-,office ,post-,office is a device for providing the family with a sure supply of letters4 ,the first thing to do is to appoint a postmaster and fix upon the positions for the letter-boxes4 ,you then write letters to each other and to any one in the house1 and post them where you like2 and at regular times the postmaster collects them and delivers them4 ,the ,home ,newspaper ,in ,the ,home ,newspaper1 the first thing to do is to decide on which of you will edit it4 ,as the editor usually has to copy all the contributions into the exercise-book1 it is well that a good writer should be chosen4 ,then you want a good title4 ,it is better if the contributors are given each a department1 because that will make the work more simple4 ,each number should have a story and some poetry4 ,home newspapers1 as a rule1 come out once a month4 ,once a week is too often to keep up4 ,there is a good description of one in a book by ,e4 ,nesbit1 called ,the ,treasure-,seekers4 ,paper and ,cardboard ,toys--,a ,cocked ,hat ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #a ,to make a cocked hat1 take a sheet of stiff paper and double it4 ,then fold over each of the doubled corners until they meet in the middle4 ,the paper will then resemble ,fig4 #a4 ,then fold ,,ab ,,ab over the doubled corners2 fold the corresponding strip of paper at the back to balance it1 and the cocked hat is ready to be worn4 ,if it is to be used in charades1 it is well to pin it here and there to make it secure4 ,paper ,boats ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #b ,if the cocked hat is held in the middle of each side and pulled out into a square1 and the two sides are then bent back to make another cocked hat 7but of course much smaller72 and then1 if this cocked hat is also pulled out into a square1 it will look like ,fig4 #b4 ,if the sides ,a and ,a are held between the finger and thumb and pulled out1 a paper boat will be the result1 as in ,fig4 #c4 ,illustration3 ,,fig #c4 ,paper ,darts ,illustration3 ,,paper ,,darts ,take a sheet of stiffish paper about the size of this page and fold it longways1 exactly double4 ,then fold the corners of one end back to the main fold1 one each side4 ,the paper sideways will then look as in ,fig4 #a4 ,then double these folded points1 one each side1 back to the main fold4 ,the paper will then look as in ,fig4 #b4 ,repeat this process once more4 ,the paper will then look as in ,fig4 #c4 ,compress the folds very tightly1 and open out the top ones1 so that in looking down on the dart it will have the appearance of ,fig4 #d4 ,the dart is then ready for use4 ,paper ,mats ,illustration3 ,,paper ,,mats ,take a square piece of thin paper 7,fig4 #a71 white or colored4 ,fold it in half 7,fig4 #b71 and then again in half 7,fig4 #c71 and then again from the centre to the outside corner1 when it will be shaped as in ,fig4 #d4 ,if you want a round mat1 cut it as marked by the dotted line in ,fig4 #d2 if square1 leave it as it is4 ,remember that when you cut folded paper the cuts are repeated in the whole piece as many times as there are folds in the paper4 ,the purpose of folding is to make the cuts symmetrical4 ,bearing this in mind cut ,fig4 #d as much as you like1 as suggested by ,fig4 #e4 ,perhaps it would be well to practice first of all on a rough piece4 ,the more delicate the cuts the prettier will be the completed mat4 ,paper ,boxes ,illustration3 ,,paper ,,boxes ,take an exactly square piece of paper 7cream-laid note-paper is best in texture71 and fold it across to each corner and press down the folds4 ,unfold it and then fold each corner exactly into the middle1 and press down and unfold again4 ,the lines of fold on the paper will now be seen to run from corner to corner1 crossing in the middle1 and also forming a square pattern4 ,the next thing is to fold over each corner exactly to the line of this square on the opposite half of the paper4 ,when this is done1 and the paper is again straightened out1 the lines of fold will be as in ,fig4 #a4 ,cut out the triangles marked ,x in ,fig4 #a1 and the paper will be as in ,fig4 #b4 ,then cut along all the dotted lines in ,fig4 #b1 and stand the opposite corners up to form the sides and lid of the box3 first ,a and ,b1 which are fastened by folding back the little flaps at the tip of ,a1 slipping through the slit at the tip of ,b1 and then unfolding them again2 and then ,c and ,d1 which are secured in the same way4 ,cardboard ,boxes ,cardboard boxes1 of a more useful nature than paper boxes1 are made on the same principle as the house described on p4 #bci1 and the furniture to go in it1 as described later in the same chapter4 ,the whole box can be cut in the flat1 out of one piece of cardboard1 and the sides afterward bent up and the lid down4 ,measurements must of course be exact4 ,the prettiest way to join the sides is to use thin silk instead of paper1 and the lid may be made to fasten by a little bow of the same material4 ,scraps and ,transfers ,paper boxes1 when finished1 can be made more attractive by painting on them1 gluing scraps to them1 putting transfers here and there1 or covering them with spatter-work 7see p4 #bge74 ,scraps can be bought at most stationers' in a very great variety4 ,transfers1 which are taken off by moistening in water1 pressing on the paper with the slithery clouded surface downward1 and being gently slipped along1 used to be more common than they now are4 ,directions how to make many other paper things will be found on pp4 #bdc-bfb4 ,ink ,sea-,serpents ,dissolve a teaspoonful of salt in a glass of water1 dip a pen in ink and touch the point to the water4 ,the ink descends in strange serpent-like coils4 ,a ,dancing ,man ,illustration3 ,a ,,dancing ,,man ,the accompanying picture will show how a dancing man is made to dance4 ,you hold him between the finger and thumb1 one on each side of his waist1 and pull the string4 ,the hinges for the arms and legs1 which are made of cardboard1 can be made of bent pins or little pieces of string knotted on each side4 ,velvet ,animals ,the fashioning of people and animals from scraps of velvet glued on cardboard was a pleasant occupation which interested our great-grandfathers and great-grandmothers when they were children many years ago4 ,a favorite picture was of a boy and a ,st4 ,bernard1 in which the boy's head1 hands1 collar1 and pantaloons1 and the dog1 were made of white velvet painted4 ,the boy's tunic was black velvet1 and its belt a strip of red paper4 ,the dog's eye was a black pin-head4 ,the whole was mounted on a wooden stand with wooden supports at the back1 one running up to the boy's head and the other to the tip of the dog's tail4 ,with some scraps of white and black velvet1 and a little patience and ingenuity1 one could make all the animals on a farm and many in the ,zoo4 ,hand ,dragons ,all the apparatus needed for a ,hand ,dragon consists of a little cardboard thimble or finger-stall1 on which the features of a dragon have been drawn in pen and ink or color4 ,this is then slipped over the top of the middle finger1 so that the hand becomes its body and the other fingers and thumb its legs4 ,with the exercise of very little ingenuity in the movement of the fingers1 the dragon can be made to seem very much alive4 ,the accompanying picture should explain everything4 ,illustration3 ,,hand ,,dragons ,various games can be played with the fingers4 ,tiny caps and hats can be made1 features drawn with ink on the fingers and little tissue paper dresses made4 ,a whole play can be acted or sung by these tiny finger marionettes4 ,other ,uses for ,cardboard ,once you have begun to make things out of cardboard1 you will find no end to its possibilities and should be in no more need of any hints4 ,after building1 furnishing1 and peopling a dolls' house1 a farm or a menagerie would be an interesting enterprise to start upon4 ,e4 ,m4 ,r4 has a stud of ninety-two horses1 each named1 and each provided with a horse-cloth1 a groom1 and harness4 ,she has also several regiments of soldiers and a staff of nurses1 all cut from cardboard and painted4 ,she chooses her horses from ,country ,life1 or some such paper1 and copies them4 ,another enthusiast has a cardboard theatre in which plays and pantomimes are performed4 ,it might be added that cardboard figures can be made to stand up either by leaving a strip of cardboard at the bottom1 in which teeth can be cut and bent alternately one way or the other1 or by slipping the feet into grooves cut in little blocks of wood4 ,cardboard ,cut-,outs ,there are a great many cut-outs issued nowadays1 which may be bought for a small sum at any toy shop4 ,perhaps the best among these are ,the ,mirthful ,menagerie1 ,the ,agile ,acrobats and ,the ,magic ,changelings4 ,the ,mirthful ,menagerie when properly cut out and pasted together1 make a lot of animals that have thickness as well as length and height2 ,the ,agile ,acrobats can be made to assume almost any position1 and in ,the ,magic ,changelings1 ,little ,red ,riding ,hood1 for instance1 can be changed into the wolf1 and then back again6 ,books of cut-outs are also made1 in which the books are intact after the cut-outs have been removed4 ,the ,new ,mother ,goose gives illustrations of many of the ,mother ,goose rhymes to be cut out and pasted together1 and has a story and other pictures besides4 ,the ,electric ,fire ,fighters is on the same order1 only in this case the pictures to be put together are of the ,electric ,fire-,engine1 the ,electric ,water-,tower1 etc4 ,they are all easily made1 and are fascinating games for stormy weather1 or for indoor games at any time4 ,particulars of ,snap cards and other home-made cards will be found on pp4 #gg and #gh4 ,kites ,in ,china1 and to some extent in ,holland1 kite-flying is not the pastime only of boys1 but of grave men4 ,and certainly grave men might do many more foolish things4 ,to feel a kite pulling at your hands1 to let out string and see it climb higher and higher and higher into the sky--this is a real joy4 ,for good kite-flying you want plenty of room and a steady wind2 hence a big field is the best place1 unless you are at the seaside when there is a wind off the land1 in which case you can fly your kite from the beach4 ,to make an ordinary1 serviceable kite1 take two laths 7which can be bought for a penny from any builder71 one three feet long 7,,aa in the picture7 and the other two feet 7,,bb74 ,screw ,,bb with two screws exactly in the middle1 at right angles to ,,aa1 at ,c1 a foot from the top4 ,then take some stout twine of good quality and make the outline of the kite by tying it securely to the ends of each of the laths4 ,next take the thinnest unbleached calico you can find1 stretch it fairly tightly1 and sew it over the strings4 7,or strong but light paper will do1 pasted over the string47 ,make a hole 7,d7 through the upright lath and calico1 midway between the cross-piece and the top1 and another hole 7,e7 about fifteen inches below the cross-piece1 and tie a strong string1 two and a half feet long1 to these holes1 with a loop 7,f7 in it a foot from the top hole4 ,to this loop you will tie the string of the kite4 ,the tail 7,g7 is made of pieces of paper about six inches long1 rolled tightly and tied at distances of a foot4 ,its exact length will depend on the strength of the wind and can be determined only by experience1 but1 roughly speaking1 it should be five times the height of the kite1 or1 with the kite which we are making1 fifteen feet long4 ,it is best to have the tail in two or three pieces1 and then it can be lengthened or shortened at will4 ,for instance1 if the kite plunges in the air and will not keep steady1 the tail is not long enough2 but if it will go up only a little way1 the tail is probably too long4 ,be sure to have plenty of string1 carefully wound1 so that there will be no hitches in paying it out4 ,when starting a kite you need the help of some one who will stand about thirty yards away1 holding the kite against the wind1 and throw it straight up when you have the line tight and give the signal4 ,if it does not rise it may be well for you to run a few yards against the wind4 ,at first you must not pay out line very rapidly1 but when the kite is flying steadily you may give it1 also steadily1 all the string it wants4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,kite ,illustration3 ,,to ,,feel ,a ,,kite ,,pulling ,,at ,,your ,,hands--,,this ,,is ,,real ,,joy ,kite ,messengers ,a messenger is a piece of cardboard or paper with a good-sized hole in it1 which you slip over the string when the kite is steady1 and which is carried right up to the kite by the wind4 ,a ,simple ,toy ,boat ,the following directions1 with exact measurements1 apply to one of the simplest home-made sailing-boats4 ,take a piece of soft straight-grained pine1 which any carpenter or builder will let you have1 one foot long1 four inches wide1 and two inches deep4 ,on the top of the four-inch side draw an outline as in ,fig4 #a1 in which you will be helped by first dividing the wood by the pencil line ,,ab1 exactly in the middle4 ,then turn the block over and divide the under four-inch side with a similar line1 and placing the saw an eighth of an inch each side of this line1 cut two incisions right along the wood about a quarter of an inch deep4 ,the portion between these two incisions forms the keel4 ,then carry the line up the middle of the end ,a1 and repeat the incisions as along the bottom1 these making the boat's stem-post4 ,next turn to the top again1 and make a line1 similar to the dotted line ,,cc in ,fig4 #a1 about three-eighths of an inch inside the outline of the boat1 and then carefully hollow out with a gouge everything inside this dotted line4 ,it must be very carefully done2 it is better1 indeed1 to err on the side of not hollowing her out enough1 and then a little more can be removed afterward4 ,next shape the outside1 first with a saw and then with a chisel1 again using the utmost care4 ,try to give her a fine bow1 or entry1 and a good clean stern1 or run4 ,if the boat were cut in two crossways in the middle1 the section ought to resemble that in ,fig4 #b4 ,this flat floor will be graduated away to nothing at bow and stern4 ,next fix on the lead keel 7see ,k in ,fig4 #c71 which should be a quarter of an inch thick1 a quarter of an inch deep at the bow1 and three-quarters at the stern1 fastened on with four long thin screws4 ,next make the deck1 which should not be more than an eighth of an inch thick and should fit very closely at the edges4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,toy ,,boat ,the mast 7,c71 which should be about three-eighths of an inch in diameter at the foot1 and should taper slightly1 must stand one foot above the deck1 and pass through the deck four and a half inches from the bow4 ,first pass it through the hole in the deck and place it in position1 leaning a little back from the bows2 then slip up the deck and mark the place in the bottom of the boat where the mast rests1 and there fix1 with four small brass screws1 a block of wood with a hole in it1 into which the mast can be firmly stepped4 ,then on the upper side of the deck1 just in front of the mast-hole1 screw a small eyelet4 ,this is to hold the line called the foresail sheet 7,l71 but as the deck is only an eighth of an inch thick you must place a little block of wood under the deck1 into which the eyelet can be screwed4 ,directly this is done1 the deck is ready to be screwed firmly to the boat with brass screws4 ,if you are in any doubt as to its being water-tight1 you had better bore a hole in it and put a cork in1 so that you can tip it up and empty it after each voyage4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,toy ,,boat ,the bowsprit 7,j71 a quarter of an inch in diameter1 should be three and a half inches long1 two inches of which project beyond the bow4 ,screw it firmly to the boat4 ,you have now to shape the boom 7,f7 and gaff 7,d71 which must have a fork at the end1 as in ,fig4 #d1 to embrace the mast1 the ends of this fork being joined by string4 ,the boom should be eight and a half inches long and three-eighths of an inch in diameter1 and the gaff five inches long and a quarter of an inch in diameter4 ,the gaff is kept in position1 about three inches from the mast-head1 by the throat halyards and peak halyards1 to which we now come4 ,the peak halyards 7,h71 throat halyards 7,g71 and foresail halyards 7,f7 should be of very fine fishing-line4 ,after being tied respectively to the gaff and foresail1 they pass through small holes in the mast1 down to eyelets screwed into the bulwarks on each side of the mast4 ,the foresail sheet 7,l7 and main sheet 7,m71 which are some four inches long1 are hitched to eyelets screwed into the deck amidships1 one just in front of the mast1 as already explained1 and the other about two inches from the stern4 ,the sails must be of thin calico1 neatly hemmed round4 ,both sails should come to about three inches of the head of the mast4 ,the foresail is fastened only to the tip of the bowsprit1 the foresail halyards1 and foresail sheet2 the mainsail to the gaff1 all along1 and to each end of the boom4 ,nothing has been said about a rudder1 because a boat built and rigged in the manner described would balance herself1 and so keep on any course on which she was laid4 ,with a very little wind she ought to cross and recross a pond without any hitch1 all that will be necessary being to let the sails have plenty of play1 by loosening the foresail sheet and main sheet1 and to give her a steady push4 ,walnut ,shell ,boats ,to make a boat from a walnut shell1 you scoop out the half shell and cut a piece of cardboard of a size to cover the top4 ,through the middle of this piece of cardboard you thrust a match1 and then1 dropping a little sealing-wax into the bottom of the shell1 and putting some round the edge1 you fix the match and the cardboard to it4 ,a sail is made by cutting out a square of paper and fastening it to the match by means of two holes2 but the boat will swim much better without it4 ,walnut ,fights ,here it might be remarked that capital contests can be had with the empty halves of walnut shells4 ,a plate is turned upside down1 and the two fighters place their walnuts point to point is the middle4 ,at the given word they begin to push1 one against the other1 by steady pressure of finger and thumb on the stern of the shell4 ,the battle is over when the prow of one shell crashes through the prow of the other4 ,this always happens sooner or later1 but sometimes the battles are long and severe4 ,at the end of each contest the number of shells defeated by the victor should be marked on it1 and it should be carefully kept for the next conflict4 ,at school we used to have tremendous excitement when two champions met1 a walnut with a record of #ebj1 for instance1 and another with #gjj4 ,the winner in such a battle as this would1 of course1 be numbered #a1bba1 because you always add not only your defeated adversary to your score1 but all his victims too4 ,suckers ,a sucker is a round piece of strong leather4 ,thread a piece of string through the middle1 and knot the string at the end to prevent it being pulled through4 ,soak the sucker in water until it is soft1 and then press it carefully over a big smooth stone1 or anything else that is smooth1 so that no air can get in4 ,if you and the string are strong enough1 the sucker will lift great weights4 ,skipjacks ,the wish-bone of a goose makes a good skipjack4 ,it should be cleaned and left for a day or two before using4 ,then take a piece of strong thin string1 double it1 and tie it firmly to the two ends of the wish-bone1 about an inch from the end on each side4 ,take a strip of wood a little shorter than the bone1 and cut a notch round it about half an inch from one end4 ,then slip it half way between the double string1 and twist the string round and round until the resistance becomes really strong4 ,then pull the stick through to the notch1 into which the string will settle1 and tie it at each side1 so that it is not likely to slip either way4 ,a little piece of cobblers' wax must be put on the bone on the other side to that where the stick naturally touches4 ,pull the stick right over to stick on the wax1 and lay the skipjack1 stick downward1 on the ground4 ,in a little while the wax will give way1 and the wish-bone will spring high into the air4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,skipjack ,a ,water-,cutter ,illustration3 ,a ,,water-,,cutter ,the cut-water is best made of tin or lead1 but stout cardboard or wood will serve the purpose4 ,first cut the material into a round1 and then make teeth in it like a saw4 ,thus3--,then bore two holes in it1 as in the drawing1 and thread strings through them1 tying the strings at each end4 ,hold the strings firmly1 and twist them a little4 ,then1 by pulling at them to untwist them1 the cut-water will be put in motion1 first one way1 while they are being untwisted1 and then the other1 while they twist up again4 ,if held just over a basin of water1 the notches will send spray a great distance1 but you must be careful to dip them only when the cut-water is revolving away from you1 or you will be soaked4 ,whistles ,with a sharp knife a very good whistle can be made of hazel or willow1 cut in the spring or early summer4 ,a piece of wood about three inches long should be used4 ,remember what an ordinary tin whistle is like1 and cut the mouthpiece at a similar angle1 and also cut a little nick out of the bark1 in the place of the hole immediately beyond the mouthpiece in the metal instrument4 ,then cut all round the bark about an inch from the other end of the stick1 hold the bark firmly with one hand clasped round it1 and hold the inch at the opposite end firmly with the fingers of the other1 and pull4 ,the greater portion of bark should slide off quite easily4 ,you will then have a tube of bark about two inches long1 and a white stick about three inches long1 with an inch of bark remaining on it4 ,cut from the mouthpiece end of this stick as much as exactly fits between the end and the little nick in the bark which you have already made4 ,shave the top until it is flat 7just as in an ordinary whistle71 and place it inside the bark again4 ,then cut off from the white part of the stick all but a quarter of an inch3 fit this into the other end of the bark tube1 and you ought to get a good shrill whistle4 ,it will be better if you keep a pea inside4 ,christmas--,evergreen ,decorations ,getting ready for ,christmas is almost as good as ,christmas itself4 ,the decorations can be either natural or artificial or a mixture of both4 ,in using evergreens for ropes1 it is best to have a foundation of real cord of the required length1 and tie the pieces of shrub and ivy to it1 either with string or floral wire4 ,this prevents any chance of its breaking4 ,for a garland or any device of a definite shape1 the foundation could be a stiffer wire1 or laths of wood4 ,ivy chains are described on page #ace4 ,paper ,decorations ,the simplest form of paper chain is made of colored tissue paper and glue4 ,you merely cut strips the size of the links and join them one by one4 ,for paper flowers1 paper and tools are especially made4 ,but for the purposes of home decoration ordinary tissue paper1 wire1 glue1 and scissors will serve well enough4 ,mottoes ,mottoes and good wishes can be lettered in cotton wool on a background of scarlet or other colored linen or lining paper4 ,scarlet is perhaps the most cheery4 ,or you can make more delicate letters by sewing holly berries on to a white background2 and small green letters can be made by sewing box leaves on a white background4 ,for larger green letters and also for bordering1 holly leaves and laurel leaves are good4 ,cotton-wool makes the best snow4 ,christmas ,trees4 ,in hanging things on the ,christmas tree you have to be careful that nothing is placed immediately over a candle1 nor should a branch of the tree itself be near enough to a candle to catch fire4 ,after all the things are taken off the tree there is no harm in its burning a little1 because the smell of a burning ,christmas tree is one of the best smells there is4 ,to put presents of any value on the tree is perhaps a mistake1 partly because they run a chance of being injured by fire or grease1 and partly because they are heavy4 ,the best things of all are candles1 as many as possible1 and silver balls which reflect4 ,on the top there should1 of course1 be either a ,father ,christmas1 or a ,christ child1 as the ,germans1 who understand ,christmas trees even better than we do1 always have4 ,for lighting the candles a long taper is useful1 and for putting them out1 an extinguisher tied to a stick4 ,bran-,tubs or ,jack ,horner ,pies ,bran-tubs or ,jack ,horner ,pies are not so common as they used to be1 but there is no better way of giving your guests presents at random4 ,as many presents as there are children are wrapped up in paper and hidden in a tub filled with bran4 ,this is placed on a dust-sheet1 and the visitors dip their bands in and pull out each a parcel4 ,the objection to the bran-tub is that boys sometimes draw out things more suitable for girls4 ,this difficulty could be got over by having two tubs1 one for girls and one for boys4 ,sometimes the ribbon of each parcel is long and falls over the edge of the dish4 ,the boys take one color ribbon1 and the girls the other1 and all pull at the same time4 ,philopenas ,two games with nuts and cherries may as well go at the end of this section as anywhere else4 ,almonds sometimes contain double kernels4 ,these are called ,philopenas1 and you must never waste them by eating both yourself1 but find some one to share them with4 ,there are several ways of playing4 ,one is ,yes or ,no1 in which the one who first says either yes or no must pay a forfeit to the other4 ,another is ,give and ,take1 in which the one that first takes something that the other hands him is the loser4 ,or whichever of you first says to the other ,good morning1 ,philopena1 on the following day1 or the next time you meet1 wins a present4 ,or this is sometimes played that whoever first answers a question put to him by the other must pay a forfeit4 ,of course this makes great fun in trying to invent and evade plausible questions4 ,cherry ,contests ,cherry-eating races can be very exciting4 ,the players stand in a row with their hands behind them1 and a number of long-stalked cherries are chosen from the basket and placed by the tip of the stalk between their teeth4 ,at the word of command the players begin their efforts to draw the cherry up by the stalk into their mouths4 ,all heads must be held down4 ,,candy-,,making ,utensils ,for making candy you will need an enamel or earthenware saucepan2 a long wooden spoon2 one or two old soup-plates or dishes2 a bowl1 if there is any mixing to be done2 a cup of cold water for testing2 a silver knife2 and1 if you are not cooking in the kitchen1 a piece of oil-cloth or several thicknesses of brown paper to lay on the table4 ,general ,directions ,butter the dish into which the candy is to be poured before you begin to cook4 ,to do this put a little piece of butter on a piece of clean soft paper and rub it all over the dish4 ,always stir round the edge as well as the middle of the saucepan4 ,stir slowly but continually1 for candy burns very quickly if left alone4 ,the flavoring should be added just before taking the saucepan off the fire4 ,to find out if your taffy or candy has boiled long enough1 drop a little in the cup of cold water4 ,if it at once becomes crisp and hard1 it is done4 ,before your candy is quite cold1 mark it with a silver knife into squares4 ,this will make it break up more easily and neatly when cold4 ,barley ,sugar #a lb4 powdered sugar4 ,the white of an egg4 #a_/b a pint of water4 #a_/b a lemon4 ,dissolve the sugar in the water1 and add the well-beaten white of an egg 7this must be done before the mixture is heated74 ,then put on the fire in a strong saucepan4 ,remove all scum as it rises1 and when the syrup begins to look clear1 take off the fire and strain through muslin4 ,put the syrup back into the saucepan and let it boil quickly until you find by testing it that it is done4 ,then add the juice of the lemon and pour on to a buttered dish4 ,before the mixture sets cut it into strips and twist4 ,chocolate ,caramels #a tea-cup golden syrup4 #a tea-cup brown sugar4 #a tea-cup milk4 #b oz4 butter4 #d oz4 powdered chocolate4 ,a pinch of salt4 #af drops vanilla4 ,boil all together for half an hour1 stirring continually4 ,cocoanut caramels are made in the same way1 except that #a oz4 of grated or desiccated cocoanut is used instead of the chocolate4 ,cocoanut ,cream #a-a_/b lb4 granulated sugar4 #d oz4 grated cocoanut4 ,melt the sugar with as little water as possible4 ,continue to let it boil gently until the syrup begins to return to sugar again4 ,directly this happens put in the cocoanut and mix thoroughly4 ,pour the mixture into a flat dish or tin4 ,cocoanut ,cream 7another way7 #a cocoanut1 grated4 #a lb4 granulated sugar4 #a_/b a cup of cocoanut-milk4 #a oz4 butter4 ,put the sugar1 cocoanut-milk1 and butter into a saucepan4 ,when they boil1 add the cocoanut gradually4 ,boil for ten minutes1 stirring all the time4 ,pour the mixture into a basin and beat till nearly cold1 then turn out into a dish4 ,cocoanut ,drops #a_/b lb4 cocoanut1 grated4 #a_/b lb4 white sugar4 ,the whites of #b eggs1 well beaten4 ,mix well together and bake in drops on buttered paper for fifteen minutes4 ,cream ,caramels #a tin ,nestl's milk4 #a lb4 soft white sugar4 #b oz4 butter4 ,vanilla4 ,melt the sugar with a very little water1 and when boiling add the butter and ,nestl's milk4 ,stir continually1 as the mixture burns very easily1 for fifteen minutes4 ,try in water to see if it will set4 ,add the vanilla1 pour into a dish1 and beat until nearly cold4 ,one ounce of cocoanut or #b of grated chocolate can be used instead of vanilla to flavor the above4 ,fruit ,cream #a cocoanut1 grated4 #a-a_/b lb4 granulated sugar1 moistened with a little cocoanut-milk4 ,put the sugar in a saucepan and let it heat slowly4 ,then boil rapidly five minutes2 add grated cocoanut1 and boil ten minutes4 ,stir constantly4 ,put a little on a cold plate1 and if it makes a firm paste1 take from fire4 ,pour part of it into a large tin lined with greased paper2 and add to what remains in the saucepan1 chopped blanched almonds1 candied cherries1 nuts1 etc4 ,pour this over the other cream1 and cut in bars4 ,pop-,corn ,the corn has to be popped over a clear fire in a little iron basket with a long handle4 ,the corn is put in the basket and shaken continually1 and in time each grain pops suddenly and becomes a little irregular white ball4 ,these can be eaten with salt1 or rolled in a sweet syrup 7colored and flavored as you like it best7 made of #a_/b lb4 of white sugar boiled for ten minutes with a very little water4 ,the ,plainest ,toffee #c oz4 butter4 #a lb4 brown sugar4 ,stir until done4 ,another ,toffee #a lb4 raw sugar4 #a_/b lb4 butter4 #b small tablespoonfuls of syrup4 ,the juice of half a lemon4 ,half a teaspoonful of powdered ginger4 ,melt the butter in a saucepan1 and then add the sugar1 syrup1 and ginger4 ,stir continually1 adding a little lemon juice every now and then4 ,boil for ten minutes1 and then test in cold water4 ,two ounces of blanched and split almonds can be added to the above4 ,the almonds should either be mixed with the toffee just before taking it off the fire1 or else a well-buttered dish should be lined with them and the toffee poured over4 ,to blanch almonds1 put them in a bowl and cover them with boiling water4 ,put a saucer over the bowl to keep the steam in1 and leave for about three minutes4 ,then take out the almonds one by one and rub off their brown skins between your fingers4 ,everton ,toffee #a lb4 brown sugar4 #a small cup of water4 #a_/b lb4 of butter4 ,boil the water and sugar together very gently until the sugar is melted4 ,then add the butter and boil all together for half an hour4 ,molasses ,candy #a_/b lb4 molasses4 #a_/b lb4 brown sugar4 #b oz4 butter4 ,boil all together for half an hour4 ,nut ,candy #a pint of chopped nuts4 #a_/b lb4 brown sugar4 #c oz4 butter4 ,juice of one lemon4 ,tablespoonful of water4 ,boil everything1 except the nuts1 for twenty minutes1 stirring all the time4 ,test1 and if done1 add the nuts4 ,stir them in thoroughly and pour off into a dish4 ,nut ,candy 7another way7 #a lb4 brown sugar4 #f oz4 butter4 #c oz4 chopped nuts4 ,melt the butter in a saucepan1 then add the sugar4 ,boil from ten to fifteen minutes and then add the nuts4 ,walnuts1 ,brazil nuts1 almonds1 or peanuts 7which have been baked7 may be used4 ,peppermint ,candy #a lb4 syrup4 #b oz4 butter4 #a small teaspoonful of essence of peppermint4 ,boil the butter and syrup very gently until the mixture hardens when tested in water4 ,add the peppermint and pour into well-buttered dishes4 ,stuffed ,dates1 etc4 ,very dainty and good sweets can be made without cooking at all4 ,all that is necessary is to have a certain amount of cream with which to stuff or surround stoned dates1 cherries1 and ,french plums1 or walnuts and almonds4 ,the cream is made in this way4 ,put the white of an egg and one tablespoonful of water into a bowl1 and into this stir gradually #a lb4 of confectioner's sugar 7confectioner's sugar or icing is the only kind that will do71 working it very smooth with a spoon4 ,this will make a stiff paste1 which can be moulded into whatever shape you please4 ,the cream can then be divided into different portions1 and each portion flavored as you like best4 ,a few drops of vanilla or lemon juice1 a little grated cocoanut or chocolate1 or some pounded almonds1 make excellent flavorings4 ,part of it can be colored pink with cochineal1 or green with spinach-coloring4 ,when this is done1 stone some dates1 ,french plums1 or raisins1 or blanch some almonds and slit them in two1 or have ready a number of the dried walnuts which can be bought at any grocer's4 ,only the perfect halves must be used4 ,form some of the cream into little balls and put it between two walnut halves or two almond halves1 or stuff the other fruit with it4 ,trim all the sweets very neatly with a knife and roll them in granulated sugar4 ,this is prettier when it has been colored pink or green1 but there is no necessity to do so4 ,to color the sugar1 mix about #a oz4 with a few drops of green or pink coloring2 dry it thoroughly1 and1 if the grains are not quite free1 put the sugar between some paper and roll it1 or crush with an iron4 ,another richer mixture for filling dates1 etc41 can be made as follows3--,mix #a_/b lb4 of ground almonds with #a oz4 of ground pistachios4 ,beat the whites of #c eggs to a stiff froth and add the almonds and #a_/b lb4 of confectioner's sugar4 ,color with green4 ,almonds can be bought already ground4 ,,gardening ,introductory ,although young ,america is growing more and more fond of out of doors1 the lovely old occupation of gardening is less a favorite than formerly3 and this is a great pity1 for if one loves flowers1 nothing so repays labor as gardening4 ,nor is it necessary to have a large tract of ground to cultivate4 ,indeed a tiny piece1 well tended1 is both more interesting and more successful4 ,a corner of a city back-yard--even a window-box can be a source of never-failing entertainment2 although of course a little plot of rich earth in one part of a lawn or country garden1 lends itself to greater and more extensive plans4 ,the important thing about growing plants is to like to do it4 ,if you are impatient of routine and neglectful you should not be intrusted with plants any more than with animal pets1 for they are both entirely dependent on your care4 ,it is your business1 as a gardener1 to know everything you can about your flowers4 ,a gardener should be able to recognize seeds as well as seedlings2 to know what treatment each flower likes best2 and to exercise a special care for tender plants which need protection until there is no longer any danger of frost4 ,the beauty of a flower depends very much upon its content4 ,many flowers need particular soils2 some need dry soil1 some moisture1 some shade1 and some sun2 and the gardener1 who is a kind of mother to the flowers1 will have to remember all those things4 ,in return1 the flowers1 which have a real sense of gratitude to those who care for them tenderly1 will do their best to grow beautiful4 ,it is best to begin with a few flowers and to learn all that one can about these4 ,annuals will scarcely ever fail if carefully sown in good soil4 ,in making your choice1 choose so that you will have flowers from spring to autumn4 ,perennial plants are the most satisfactory of all to grow2 for once planted they need only a very little attention and increase in size each year4 ,bulbs produce some of the most beautiful flowers and are very easy to grow4 ,but great care must be taken not to dig into them after their blossoms have died down4 ,besides those flowers for the growing of which directions are hereafter given there are many tender ones which must be raised in frames4 ,this is a part of gardening which can well be left until later and upon which instructions can be found in any more advanced book on horticulture4 ,color in the ,garden ,in arranging a garden1 select flowers which will keep it full of blossom from ,may to ,october1 and remember when planting and sowing that some colors are more beautiful together than others4 ,the color arrangement of a garden is always difficult1 but one must learn by experience4 ,scarlet and crimson1 crimson and blue1 should not be put together1 and magenta-colored flowers are never satisfactory4 ,whites and yellows1 and whites and blues1 are always suitable together1 and for the rest you must please yourself4 ,the ,use of ,catalogues ,a good catalogue gives illustrations of most flowers1 and in many cases its cultural directions are very helpful4 ,as an extension of the notes that follow nothing could be more useful than two or three catalogues issued by good growers4 ,gardening ,diaries ,it is a good thing for a gardener to keep a diary4 ,at the beginning of the book he would make a plan of the garden1 to scale3 that is to say1 allowing one inch1 or more1 in the plan for every foot of bed4 ,in this plan would be marked the position of the bulbs and perennial plants4 ,the diary would take note of everything that happened in the garden4 ,the sowing of seeds would be recorded2 also when the seedlings first appear2 when they are thinned out1 and when they blossom3 in fact1 everything to do with the life of the plants4 ,a little collection of drawings of seedlings would be of great use in helping to distinguish them another year4 ,at the end of the book might be written the names of any plants that the owner would like to have1 or any special information about the culture of a plant1 or the description of some arrangement which had been admired in another garden4 ,flower-,shows ,where several children have gardens in the same big garden1 or the same neighborhood1 a flower-show is very interesting to hold now and then4 ,to do this it is needful first to find some one willing to act as judge1 and--if agreeable--to give several small prizes in addition to certificates of merit4 ,the different things for which prizes are offered will depend1 of course1 upon what the competitors can grow4 ,there might be prizes for different flowers1 for collections of flowers1 and for lettuces or radishes1 if there are enough competitors who grow such things4 ,but the most important prize would go perhaps to the owner of the best-kept garden4 ,another for the best arrangement of bunches of flowers1 garden and wild1 might lead to some very pretty bouquets4 ,tools ,for simple gardening the following tools are needed3--spade1 trowel1 hoe1 rake1 watering-can with a fine rose1 syringe4 ,they should all be strong and good4 ,besides these tools you will need either wooden labels or other home-made means of marking seeds1 some strong sticks to use as supports for tall-growing plants1 and tape to tie them up with4 ,a pair of gloves--any old ones will do--is very necessary4 ,watering ,plants should never be watered when the sun is shining on them4 ,early morning in spring1 and late afternoon or early evening in summer1 is the best time4 ,it is best to water with water which has had the chill taken from it by standing in the sun or in the house4 ,in watering seedlings and tiny plants1 keep the rose on your watering-can2 but with big plants it is better to take off the rose and pour the water gently1 waiting every now and then for it to sink in round their roots4 ,if the ground is very dry and baked1 break up the surface of it round the plants with a rake1 or push a fork carefully into the earth4 ,this will help the water to sink in4 ,water very regularly during hot and dry weather4 ,it is very hard on your plants to give them a splendid drink one day and to forget all about them for a week4 ,ferns should have a gentle spray bath every afternoon if you want to keep them fresh and green1 and all leaves look the brighter for a shower from your watering-can4 ,perennial plants1 annuals1 and rose-trees will greatly benefit if watered with slop-water while they are flowering4 ,wall ,pockets ,if your garden is very small1 but is against a sunny wall1 the growing room can be increased by fixing a number of pockets1 made of wood or of flower-pots1 against the wall4 ,these should be filled with good soil1 and in them wallflowers1 pinks1 bulbs of different kinds1 ,wandering ,jew1 and some varieties of wild-flowers1 etc41 can be planted4 ,borders ,the first thing to do when a plot has been given to you1 is to mark it off clearly with a border4 ,there are several ways of doing this4 ,gardens are sometimes bordered with escallop shells1 which are neat enough but seem rather out of place among flowers4 ,tiles make another tidy artificial border2 but the best is made of natural rough stones from six to twelve inches long4 ,these stones1 which should be sunk into a groove1 are soon covered with patches of green moss1 and if between their irregular ends you drop a few seeds of low growing annuals1 such as candytuft2 or plant little pieces of thyme1 blue forget-me-not1 or any kind of rockfoil or stonecrop1 the border will become one of the prettiest things in the garden4 ,if you prefer a growing boundary1 a very nice stiff little hedge can be made by sowing endive in a line all round the garden1 and1 after allowing it to run to seed1 cutting and trimming it4 ,but of course there is no natural border to compare with box2 but to get a good box hedge is a tedious matter4 ,annuals ,the seeds of all annuals can be sown from ,march until ,june according to the locality4 ,any one in the neighborhood who has gardened for some years can tell you when to plant better than any catalogue4 ,the seeds of favorite flowers should be sown several times at intervals of a fortnight1 so that you may have a succession of them through summer and autumn4 ,preparations for ,sowing ,before sowing any seeds1 see that the soil is nicely broken up1 and remove any stones4 ,when you have decided where to sow the different seeds1 take away a little earth from each place and sow the seeds very thinly--remembering that each plant must be from four inches to twelve inches apart2 cover lightly with the earth you took out and press it down firmly with your trowel4 ,then mark the place with little pieces of white wood1 on which the names of the seeds have been written with an indelible pencil4 ,it is much easier to sow the tiny seeds thinly if you first mix them with a little sand4 ,these must be only just covered by a very fine sprinkling of earth2 but sweet-pea and nasturtium must be sown deeper4 ,thinning ,out and ,transplanting ,begin to thin out the seedlings very soon after they appear1 and be very careful not to pull up too many4 ,it is easiest to thin out when the soil is wet4 ,when the seedlings are two inches high only those which you wish to keep should be left in4 ,it is not very easy to say exactly how much room to leave the different plants1 but plants which will be six inches high should be about three inches apart2 those which will be one foot high about six inches1 and so on4 ,godetia1 nasturtium1 love-in-a-mist1 sweet-pea1 cornflower1 and larkspur seedlings can be transplanted when about two inches high1 if you find you want them where they have not been sown4 ,to do this water the ground well first1 and then pull the seedlings out so gently that none of their tiny fibrous roots are snapped2 and1 if possible1 bring away a little earth with each4 ,re-plant them as quickly as you can1 making for each a little hole big enough for the roots to spread out in4 ,hold the seedling in position1 and fill in with very moist earth2 or else1 after you have made the hole1 fill it up with water1 then put back some of the earth and stir it up into a sort of paste1 and put the seedling in this1 filling up the hole with the rest of the earth4 ,seedlings that have been transplanted must be kept moist until they have taken a good start1 and if possible they should be shaded with a branch of evergreen1 for they droop very quickly in the heat4 ,all seedlings must be watered gently and often4 ,if you notice how quickly the sun dries the surface of the ground1 you will see how necessary it is to keep the ground moist until the roots get bigger and go down deep into the earth4 ,weeds and ,seedlings ,it is most important to know what the baby-plants will look like when they come up1 because one has to weed hard in the warm showery weather1 and if one is not careful1 mignonette1 sweet-peas1 and poppies may go on the rubbish heap1 and chickweed and purseley be left on the flower-bed2 which1 although it is what the birds like1 will1 later1 be very disheartening to you4 ,of course1 if your seeds are well marked1 there will be less difficulty1 but even then weeds will come up amongst them4 ,the only safe way is to get to know the appearance of all the seedlings1 and to help you to remember it is a good thing to make little drawings of them in your garden note-book4 ,autumn ,sowing ,some seeds1 such as cornflowers1 godetias1 and poppies1 can be sown in the autumn4 ,they will stand the winter as a rule and will make finer plants and blossom earlier than if sown in spring4 ,they should be sown thinly in open ground4 ,any good catalogue will give you a list of annuals suitable for your purposes and with a little advice from an older gardener you will have no difficulty in selecting wisely4 ,biennials ,these are best sown in ,may4 ,if the garden is full they may be sown in an ordinary wooden box filled with several inches of good earth4 ,transplant them to their permanent places later on4 ,remember that all plants will flower for a much longer time if the flowers are kept cut and any faded ones taken off4 ,saving ,seed ,the best seed is saved from plants set apart for that purpose2 for good seed comes from the first and finest flowers and not from those left over at the end of the flowering season4 ,these plants should be sown in a little patch by themselves1 should be allowed to run to seed1 and carefully tended until the seed-pods are ripe enough to be gathered4 ,if1 therefore1 you have not a large garden1 it is best to buy most of your seed each year1 using a little of your own1 from which1 however1 you must not always expect the finest flowers4 ,if you have no wish to keep any of your flowers merely for seeding purposes but still want1 while getting flowers from them1 also to save a few seeds1 the thing to do is to mark one or two of the finest blossoms with a tiny piece of wool or silk 7it is better when it is the color of the flower7 and let it go to seed4 ,take special care of the plant1 and cut off all other flowers as you wish to gather them4 ,watch the seed-pods when they are formed1 and when they are ripe--that is1 brown and dry--cut them off1 break them open1 and spread the seeds out4 ,look them over very carefully to see that there are no maggots amongst them1 and if they are at all damp leave them in a warm place until they are dry4 ,then make them up in little packets1 clearly labeled with their names1 colors1 and the date1 and put them away in a dry place until next spring4 ,in saving sunflower seeds choose your best sunflower1 and when the petals have fallen tie it up in muslin1 or else the birds will steal a march on you4 ,in gathering sweet-pea pods one has to be rather clever1 because when they are quite ripe they burst open and the seeds fly out suddenly1 sometimes just as one is going to cut them4 ,in one poppy pod there are hundreds of seeds1 enough to stock a garden1 and the same is the case with the pretty pods of love-in-a-mist4 ,nasturtium seeds should be picked up when they fall on the ground1 and spread out until quite brown and dry4 ,cornflowers1 which have little seeds like shaving-brushes1 generally sow themselves1 and marigolds do too1 but they are both easy to save4 ,in choosing a place in which to keep seeds through the winter remember that damp is not the only danger4 ,mice enjoy them thoroughly4 ,perennials ,perennials are plants which1 although they die down in winter1 come up again and blossom every following spring or summer4 ,they can be grown from seed1 but1 with a few exceptions1 this is a long and troublesome part of gardening1 and it is best to get them from friends or from a nurseryman4 ,planting ,perennials ,the best months for planting perennials are ,november1 ,february1 and ,march4 ,dig a hole large enough to take the roots when well spread out1 hold your plant in position1 with the junction of stem and root just below the level of the earth1 and fill in gently with fine soil1 pressing it down firmly all round the plant1 and if there is danger of frost protect the plants with straw1 bracken1 or a mulching of manure4 ,never water if there is any likelihood of frost4 ,here follow some general remarks concerning the treatment of perennials through the spring1 summer1 and autumn3-- ,slugs ,in the spring1 slugs1 which eat the tender new leaves of many plants1 can be kept away by sprinkling coal-ash around them4 ,watering ,in hot weather1 water perennials regularly and well1 breaking up earth around them so that the water sinks in easily4 ,supports ,all tall-growing perennials will need stakes to support them4 ,care must be taken not to injure the roots when putting these in4 ,the stalks can be tied with twine4 ,dividing ,perennials can be divided if they grow too large4 ,with summer-flowering plants this should be done in ,october or ,november1 and with spring-flowering plants in ,june4 ,in dividing you simply dig up the plant and break off as much of it as you want1 being careful not to injure the roots4 ,as1 however1 there are many plants which1 to be divided1 must be cut1 and as this is an operation which requires some skill and knowledge1 it would perhaps be better to take advice4 ,perennials ,from ,seed ,snapdragon1 wallflower1 pansies1 and hollyhocks are very easily grown from seed4 ,they can be sown in ,june 7wallflowers are best sown in ,april7 in boxes1 and thinned out and transplanted to permanent places as soon as they are large enough4 ,they will blossom the following year4 ,seedlings ,seedlings of most perennials can be bought for a few cents a dozen4 ,they should be planted as quickly as possible and watered well1 and they will flower the following year4 ,consult a good nurseryman's catalogue for a list of hardy perennials1 as for the annuals4 ,bulbs--,general ,remarks ,a garden that is planted only with bulbs1 or with bulbs and a few ferns1 can be kept beautiful all the year round4 ,many of our loveliest flowers come from bulbs1 and they are easy to grow and interesting to watch from the moment that the first leaf-tips push through the earth until they die down4 ,the position of all bulbs should be very carefully marked on the beds and in your garden-plan1 so that you will not cut or injure them when digging your garden over4 ,the first bulbs to come--through the snow sometimes--are the snowdrops1 single and double1 crocuses--yellow1 purple1 lilac1 and striped--and then the tiny bright blue squills2 and a little later the yellow daffodil and white narcissus1 hyacinths1 and tulips of every kind4 ,then white1 red1 and purple anemones1 ranunculi1 and wax-like ,stars of ,bethlehem4 ,in ,june there are wonderful irises and tall spikes of summer-flowering gladiolus--red and white--and later still the tall garden lilies4 ,there are many of these lilies1 and all of them are exceedingly beautiful4 ,two kinds should be in all gardens--the white ,madonna lily1 and the orange tiger lily4 ,all the bulbs that have been mentioned cost very little and can be grown very simply4 ,and all bulbs that have been mentioned can remain untouched for many years unless they exhaust the soil around them 7when1 instead of increasing as they should each year1 the plants become poorer and smaller74 ,never move a bulb when it is in active growth3 after the leaves have died down is the right time4 ,leaf-mould mixed with your garden soil will help to give you fine flowers4 ,if the leaves of the bulbs are attacked by slugs1 as they often are1 sprinkle a little wood-ash all around them4 ,planting ,bulbs ,for planting bulbs choose a day when the earth is dry1 and make your holes with a trowel4 ,if you want to make a clump of bulb-plants1 take away the earth to the right depth from the whole area you wish to fill1 place your bulbs in position1 points upward1 and cover over1 pressing the earth firmly down4 ,in planting a bulb in a hole made for it by a trowel1 be very careful to see that it is resting on earth1 and is not hung1 that is to say1 kept from touching the earth underneath because of the narrowness of the hole4 ,all bulbs may be protected during the winter by laying hay or straw over them4 ,this must be neatly pegged down1 and removed in ,march4 ,cutting ,leaves ,never cut all the leaves of plants growing from bulbs1 but allow those that are unpicked to die down naturally4 ,if they look very untidy1 as the leaves of the ,star of ,bethlehem always do1 tie them up tightly4 ,seeds of annuals can always be sown among bulbs1 and they will hide dying leaves and fill up the places that are left vacant4 ,shades ,shades are subterranean gardens3 holes in the ground1 some eighteen inches deep and about a foot square 7or larger71 the sides of which are covered with moss and little ferns4 ,at the bottom you can sink a pot or a tin1 which must always be kept filled with water4 ,it is more interesting if a toad or a frog lives there4 ,over the hole stands a shade made of glass and wood1 which1 together with the water1 keeps it cool and moist4 ,kitchen ,gardens ,if you want to grow other things besides flowers1 lettuces1 radishes1 and mustard and cress are interesting to raise4 ,strawberries1 too1 are easy to cultivate1 but they need some patience1 as the first year's growth brings very few berries4 ,in sowing the seeds of lettuce1 radish1 and mustard and cress1 follow directions given for sowing flower seeds on page #cbj4 ,if you want to grow even the few things mentioned1 which need only very simple culture1 the soil of the garden must be good4 ,lettuce ,sow a few seeds of lettuce very thinly in a line once every three weeks4 ,when the seedlings1 which should be protected from birds by netting1 are three inches high1 thin them out1 leaving one foot between each plant4 ,the seedlings that are pulled up can be transplanted or eaten4 ,transplanted lettuces should be shaded during hot weather and given plenty of water4 ,during dry and hot weather you may water lettuces every day4 ,radishes ,sow a few radish seeds thinly once every three weeks1 and cover very lightly with earth4 ,these seedlings also must be protected by netting from birds1 and must have plenty of water1 or the radishes will become stringy and poor4 ,in summer sow in a shady place4 ,mustard and ,cress ,mustard and cress seed can be sown at any time and is almost sure to be successful4 ,in very hot weather sow in the shade1 or protect from the sun in the middle of the day4 ,the cress should always be sown three days before the mustard4 ,it is a favorite device to sow one's name in mustard and cress4 ,for other ways of treating it1 see page #ccb4 ,strawberries ,plant strawberries carefully in ,august or ,september4 ,dig a hole for each plant and spread the roots well out4 ,hold the plant while filling in the earth1 so that that part of it where root and stem join comes just below the soil4 ,each plant should be eighteen inches from its neighbor4 ,cut off all runners--that is1 the long weedy stems which the plants throw out in spring1 and water well if the weather is dry4 ,protect the strawberries from birds1 and watch very carefully for slugs1 which are greedy strawberry-eaters4 ,when the fruit begins to form1 lay some straw on the earth under and between the plants4 ,this will keep the berries clean4 ,town ,gardens ,so far1 we have been speaking of gardens in the country1 or1 at any rate1 not among houses4 ,there are many more difficulties to contend with in town gardening2 there is more uncertainty1 and often less reward for the greatest care1 than in country gardening2 but the flowers that do grow seem so sweet between dull walls and under smoky chimneys1 that one can forget how much more luxuriant they could be in other circumstances4 ,flowers for ,towns ,the following list of annuals1 perennials1 and bulbs which grow well in the heart of towns1 though it is not complete1 contains enough plants to fill a garden3-- ,,annuals4 ,,perennials4 ,,bulbs4 ,alyssum4 ,jap4 ,anemones ,crocuses4 ,candytuft4 ,campanulas4 ,daffodils4 ,collinsia4 ,delphiniums4 ,hyacinths4 ,coreopsis4 ,flags4 ,madonna ,lillies4 ,mignonette4 ,gaillardias4 ,squills4 ,nasturtiums4 ,pinks4 ,spanish ,irises4 ,poppies4 ,sunflowers4 ,tulips4 ,sunflowers4 ,wallflowers4 ,winter ,aconite4 ,in addition to the plants mentioned above1 hardy ferns grow well1 and so do lilies of the valley1 and stonecrops and saxifrages4 ,wandering ,jew will also thrive1 and the canary creeper grows as well in town as in the country4 ,in summer1 geraniums1 fuchsias1 heliotrope--which must be well watered--pansies1 lemon verbena1 and scented geraniums1 can be planted out4 ,roses do not do very well in towns2 but hardy ones will grow quite enough flowers to make the possession of them a great delight4 ,indoor ,gardening and ,window ,boxes--,precautions ,a window full of flowers and green plants makes all the difference to a room4 ,there are always certain difficulties about growing plants in a room2 but these may1 however1 be partly overcome4 ,one is the great change of temperature between day and night in winter2 another is the very evil effect of gas on plants2 and a third is the presence of dust4 ,the difference of temperature is met to a great extent by taking the flowers away from the window at night and putting them in the middle of the room4 ,this is specially necessary when there is any danger of frost4 ,if gas is burned in the room where plants are all day1 it is wise at evening to take the trouble to move them into another room1 for nothing injures them more4 ,as to dust1 ferns and plants which have smooth leaves should be gently sponged with warm water once a week1 or else the pores will be so choked that the plants will not be able to breathe4 ,those plants which cannot be sponged1 such as fine-leafed ferns1 geraniums1 etc41 should be gently sprayed occasionally1 or1 in warm weather1 placed out-of-doors during a soft shower4 ,when a room is being cleaned1 the plants should either be taken away or covered with soft paper4 ,the window chosen for your plants should be a sunny one and as draughtless as may be4 ,it should not be opened unless the day is very mild4 ,one thing to remember is that wherever the plants are they should have as much sun1 as equal a temperature1 and as little draught as possible4 ,watering ,no exact rule can be given for watering2 but it should be noted that water ought never to be allowed to stand in the saucers4 ,in winter1 one good watering a week with lukewarm water1 applied in the morning1 will be sufficient4 ,in spring1 when the plant is more active1 more water will be needed1 and in summer constant attention must be given to watering4 ,remember1 that not only the surface but the whole soil needs moistening4 ,flower-,pots ,in spring time1 if the plants seem to have outgrown their pots1 or if they are not thriving well1 re-pot them in larger pots with the best earth you can get4 ,water well after re-potting4 ,turn the plants round every day1 as the sun always draws them toward it4 ,indoor ,plants ,a list follows of suitable plants to be grown indoors4 ,green plants are mentioned first4 ,aspidistra4--,of all green plants the aspidistra is the best to grow indoors4 7,this plant indeed is so hardy that it will stand not only draught but even a certain amount of gas47 ,its smooth1 beautiful leaves should be carefully sponged every week4 ,india-rubber ,plant4--,the india-rubber plant is a very handsome1 smooth1 bright-leaved plant4 ,it should not be given too much water4 ,ferns4--,several hardy ferns grow well in a window4 ,the maidenhair is very beautiful while it lasts1 but it is a poor thing the second year unless it can be put into a greenhouse and cared for4 ,ivy4--,small-leaved variegated ivy will grow under almost any conditions4 ,its leaves should be kept clean4 ,if grown up a small trellis it is very pretty4 ,japanese ,fern ,balls4--,in ,february and ,march one can buy ,japanese fern balls4 ,the balls have to be soaked for two or three hours in water 7rainwater if possible7 and then drained and hung up in a window where there is not too much sun4 ,they should be watered three times a week4 ,gradually the delicate ferns will grow and unfold until the whole ball is a mass of green4 ,in ,november they should be put away in a cool dark place until the following ,february1 when they can be started again4 ,miniature ,trees4--,fine little trees can be grown from chestnuts1 beechnuts1 acorns1 and hazel-nuts4 ,collect the nuts as they fall and leave them in a dark place1 until about two weeks before ,christmas1 when you lay them in bowls full of wet moss or in pots filled with earth1 and put them in a warm dark place near hot pipes1 or in a warm cupboard4 ,this warmth will start the root growth4 ,when the root is two inches long1 fill a bowl with moss or pebbles1 lay the nuts on the top so that they are only half covered1 with the roots downward1 and keep in a room where they will have plenty of light4 ,water frequently but do not let much water stand in the bowl4 ,wheat or ,canary ,seed4--,wheat or canary seed can be sown in any kind of dish1 the bottom of which is covered with wet moss4 ,sow the seed thickly and then keep the dish in a dark cupboard until the seedlings are about two inches high4 ,then place it in a sunny window4 ,the seed1 which will take about three weeks to grow1 makes a beautiful patch of clear light green in a room4 ,keep the moss wet4 ,mustard and ,cress can be sown in pots or on pieces of wet flannel4 ,campanulas4--,blue and white campanulas are grown in almost every cottage window1 and they are very beautiful and graceful4 ,they can be grown in pots1 but are prettiest in baskets from which to hang down4 ,fuchsias and ,geraniums4--,both fuchsias and geraniums are gay and delightful plants for a room4 ,good kinds should be bought in early summer and well watered4 ,in winter the plants should be kept in a cool dark place1 until with the coming of spring they begin to grow again4 ,both can very easily be increased by cuttings4 ,to do this take off a shoot of about four inches long1 cutting it off just below a joint4 ,then pull off the leaves just above the joint and put it into some earth in a sunny corner and water it well4 ,in about a month roots will have formed and it can then be potted4 ,bulbs4--,bulbs1 such as tulips1 iris1 daffodils1 crocuses1 scillas1 and snowdrops1 can be grown in pots or deep earthenware saucers that have been filled with cocoanut fibre4 ,this can be bought at any florist's4 ,a little shell1 shingle1 or sand1 can be mixed with the fibre1 and a piece of charcoal should be put at the bottom of the pot to keep it sweet4 ,the bulbs need only to be covered with a thin layer of damp fibre4 ,water regularly1 as they must never get dry4 ,if your pot has no drainage hole it is a good thing a little while after watering to turn it gently on one side so that any water which has not been soaked up by the fibre can run off4 ,bulbs can also be grown indoors in earth4 ,plant them in ,october just below the soil1 and keep them in a cool dark place until they have made a little growth4 ,then bring to a sunny window4 ,horsfieldii narcissus1 polyanthus-flowered narcissus1 and yellow jonquils1 grow well1 and so do tulips1 hyacinths1 and crocuses4 ,in a sunny window the ,scarborough lily 7,vallota purpurea7 can be grown4 ,it is a very gorgeous and imposing red flower which blossoms in ,august and ,september4 ,it should be planted in autumn and plenty of room allowed for its roots4 ,the ,good-,luck ,lily1 which is a strong and beautiful polyanthus narcissus1 can be grown in bowls filled with pebbles and water4 ,fill the bowl almost to the top with clean pebbles 7which can be brought from the seashore71 and among them plant the bulbs and fill up with water which must be added to as it evaporates4 ,among the pebbles put two or three pieces of charcoal4 ,bulbs in ,glasses ,hyacinths and daffodils can also be grown in glasses filled with water1 either glasses sold for the purpose1 or any kind into the necks of which the bulbs will fit4 ,the bulb should be placed in the glass in ,october1 and should not quite touch the water4 ,use good fresh water and put a little piece of charcoal in the glass4 ,change the water once a week4 ,in warm sunny weather the hyacinths can be put out of doors for a little while every day4 ,window ,boxes ,one cannot grow very many things in a window box1 but it is most interesting to grow a few4 ,in a town it is often all the garden that many people possess4 ,the length of a window-box will depend on the size of the window4 ,its depth should be ten inches at least4 ,at the bottom of the box some cinders or other rough material should be put1 and then it should be filled up with the best earth you can get4 ,and because of the difference it makes to the growth of your flowers it is worth while to take a great deal of trouble in getting good1 rich mould4 ,the earth may be kept level1 or heaped up at one or both ends1 and a few stones added to make a tiny rockery1 in which you can grow small saxifrages and other rock plants4 ,flowers for ,window-,boxes ,nasturtiums and canary creeper can climb up a little trellis made of sticks at each end of the box1 or they can cling to strings fixed to the box and nailed high up at the side of the window4 ,wandering ,jew or ivy-leaved geranium will fall over the front of the box and make it look very gay4 ,bulbs1 such as winter aconite1 squills1 snowdrops1 a few daffodils1 tulips and irises1 will grow well in boxes4 ,these should be planted rather deep4 ,then primroses and forget-me-nots can be planted1 and in ,may a border of lobelia1 one or two geraniums1 pansies1 fuchsias1 a plant of lemon verbena1 and some musk4 ,mignonette1 ,virginia stock1 collinsia1 should be sown in spring in little patches or lines4 ,keep the leaves of all the plants as clean as possible by gentle watering with a rose4 ,never let the earth get dry from neglect1 or sodden from too much watering2 yet water well1 for driblets only affect the surface1 and it is the roots far down in the box that need moisture4 ,cutting ,flowers and ,packing ,them--,flowers for ,post ,it is best1 if possible1 to pick flowers the day before you want to send them off4 ,pick them in the afternoon1 sort them and bunch them up1 and then stand them in water right up to their heads1 and keep them there over night4 ,a basin is the best thing to put the flowers in1 unless the stalks are very long1 and a jam-pot or two in the water will help to keep them from tumbling over and drifting about4 ,be very careful that the blooms do not touch the water4 ,keep the flowers in water until you are ready to pack them4 ,tin boxes are best to send flowers away in2 but generally one has to use cardboard ones4 ,choose the strongest you can find and line it with two sheets of paper1 one across and one long ways1 and each long enough to fold over when it is full4 ,then line again with some big cool leaves or moss4 ,dry the flowers and pack them as tightly as possible1 taking great care not to crush the petals4 ,cover them with a few more leaves and fold the paper over4 ,then wrap up the box1 remembering to write the address on a label tied at one end of the box1 so that the postmark will not be stamped on the box itself and perhaps break it4 ,picking ,flowers ,when you are picking flowers to send away1 never pick old ones4 ,buds are best generally1 especially in the case of poppies2 but they should be buds just on the point of opening4 ,always use scissors to cut flowers with4 ,a very slight tug at a little plant in dry weather pulls its roots out of the ground4 ,cut the flowers with long stems and with some of their green leaves1 and at the top of the box that you are sending away it is pleasant always to put something which smells very sweetly--lemon verbena1 or mignonette--for that first sweet scent is one of the very best things about receiving a present of this kind4 ,the ,reception of ,flowers ,when flowers are sent to you1 each stem should be cut with a slanting cut before you put it in water4 ,flowers with very thick or milky stems should be slit up about half an inch1 and woody stems are best peeled for an inch or two4 ,put the flowers deep into water that has had the chill taken off it4 ,always put flowers in water as quickly as possible after they are picked4 ,change the water every day1 and recut the stems if they look at all brown or dry4 ,,pets ,in no case do the following hints as to the care and character of pets go so far as they might4 ,but they lay down broadly the most useful rules4 ,in cases where a dog or bird is really ill1 and ordinary remedies and treatment do not help1 the advice of some one who knows should be asked4 ,it is because all children are in touch with some one who knows1 that this chapter is not longer4 ,the aim of the writer of most of the notes which follow has been to describe those creatures which are most commonly kept as pets1 with a few suggestions as to their care in ordinary health4 ,dogs3 ,their ,care and ,food ,all dogs need plenty of exercise2 indeed it is scarcely possible to give them too much when once they are over six months of age4 ,after twelve months they can follow a horse1 but a bicycle as a rule is too fast for a dog1 and the excessive exertion is likely to make them ill4 ,plenty of fresh air and freedom are necessary1 and your dog should never be chained except at night1 when he should have a snug bed away from any draught4 ,the house is the best place for a dog to sleep1 but should he live in a kennel it must be a roomy one1 filled two or three times a week with clean straw and raised from the ground about six inches so that it will keep dry4 ,kennels with runs in front are the best1 as then the dog need never be chained4 ,in these there should be a wooden bench for him to lie on1 sheltered by a sloping roof4 ,an earthenware trough of clean water he must always have1 and most dogs will do best if they are fed twice a day3 a light breakfast of biscuit or brown bread and a good dinner of scraps or dog-biscuit soaked in gravy with vegetables and plenty of rice4 ,a rounded leather collar is best for dogs with long hair1 as it does not show so much or spoil the coat1 but for smooth-coated dogs a flat plain collar is best4 ,washing ,dogs ,dogs should not be washed very often1 nor will this be necessary if they are well brushed every day4 ,a stable dandy-brush is best for short-coated dogs1 and a hard hair-brush1 or one of those with metal bristles1 which can be bought in most saddlers' shops1 for long-coated ones4 ,common yellow soap and soft thick towels should be used when your dog really needs a bath4 ,have a pailful of warm water1 a pitcher to dip it up with1 a piece of mild yellow soap1 and a pail of cold water4 ,pour a little warm water over the dog1 beginning with his back1 shoulders1 and sides1 and finish with his head1 rubbing the soap into a lather all over him at the same time4 ,be careful not to let any water into his ears1 or soap into his eyes4 ,next rinse the soap well out of his coat with the warm water1 beginning with the head4 ,then pour the cold water all over him and let him shake himself well4 ,rub him dry with towels and give him a run on grass4 ,big dogs must be washed in a yard1 but you can put a little one in the tub indoors4 ,all dogs are better for something to eat after a bath4 ,to swimmers a plunge in a pond or river is good exercise and a tonic2 but dogs should not be thrown in4 ,feeding ,puppies ,puppies at first need feeding five times a day4 ,at four months old four meals will do4 ,at twelve months they settle down into grown-up dogs1 and the two meals are sufficient4 ,do not feed them later than six o'clock1 and always give them a walk after their last meal4 ,a few dry dog-biscuits when they go to bed will do no harm1 and a large mutton or beef bone now and then will do them good1 but small bones are very dangerous1 as they splinter and may kill or seriously injure the dog4 ,distemper ,young dogs are almost sure to have distemper1 and if a puppy about six or eight months old is depressed and quiet1 and his eyes look inflamed1 you should put him away by himself at once1 sew him up in thick warm flannel1 bathe his eyes with cold tea1 and attend very carefully to his diet4 ,it will be difficult to make him eat1 but you must coax him and even pour strong beef-tea or milk down his throat1 for if he does not eat he will have no strength to fight the disease4 ,tripe is the best food for him if he will take it1 but try everything to tempt him1 and give him as much as he will take4 ,when you take your patient for a walk 7and he will need exercise7 do not take him where he may meet other dogs1 for distemper is very infectious4 ,put an extra coat over him1 wrapping it well round his throat and chest4 ,distemper is a fever1 and the risk of chill is very great2 it means inflammation of some sort from which the dog being weak is not likely to recover4 ,it is always best to call in a veterinary surgeon when a dog shows symptoms of distemper4 ,tricks for ,dogs ,if your dog is a terrier there is no end to the tricks you can teach him4 ,always begin by teaching him to trust1 for it is the foundation of his training1 and he will learn it before he is two months old4 ,do not keep him on trust for more than a second or two at first1 but gradually make the time longer1 until he will let you leave the room and not touch the biscuit until you return4 ,then you can teach him to die1 and waltz1 sing1 ask1 box1 and beg4 ,treat him always with patience and firmness2 be quick to reward but never give in to him4 ,you will1 of course1 bear in mind the character of the dog in teaching him tricks4 ,dogs of dignified nature1 such as ,st4 ,bernards1 mastiffs1 ,great ,danes1 and deer-hounds1 for example1 you would not labor to transform into performers4 ,the best dogs of all for teaching elaborately are poodles4 ,what is ,due to ,dogs ,do not overdo your mastership4 ,remember that a dog needs much liberty and independence to develop his individuality1 and an enterprising puppy learns more by observation and experience in a week than a pampered lap-dog does in his whole life2 he learns self-reliance1 but he will always run to his master or mistress in any real difficulty1 and you who are his master or mistress must be wary not to misunderstand or disregard him1 for he needs sympathy and love1 and if he does not get them he either becomes cowed and stupid or a ne'er-do-weel4 ,buying ,dogs ,if you wish to buy a dog1 the best way is to get the catalogue of some big dog show1 and find the address of a well-known breeder of the kind of dog you wish to have4 ,if you write to him and tell him exactly what you want he will probably send you a suitable puppy at a fair price4 ,if you think of buying through an advertisement1 have the dog on approval first4 ,another objection to buying a dog at all casually is that you will not know either his temper1 which is generally inherited1 or his age4 ,in all cases it is best to buy puppies and train them yourself4 ,this means a good deal of trouble at first1 and takes time and patience1 but the younger the puppy the easier he is to train4 ,the best age is about five weeks old4 ,with constant attention day and night for a few weeks you will have a perfectly trained dog who will be a perfect companion to you for years4 ,brief descriptions of some of the best known dogs are here given1 beginning with terriers3-- ,the ,bull-,terrier ,the bull-terrier is very discriminating in his attachments and does not easily lose his temper1 or1 as a rule1 fight1 unless he is unduly excited4 ,he is such a nervous dog that if he is roughly treated he is apt to become a coward1 but there is no truer1 more faithful friend than a properly trained terrier of this breed4 ,the ,fox-,terrier ,the fox-terrier is often a restless fidgety dog in a house2 indeed1 to keep him much in the house seems to affect his intelligence4 ,he fights readily1 but a strong master can alter that4 ,in sharpness and brightness and hardiness he is not to be beaten1 and no dog is more inquisitive and full of spirits4 ,perhaps of little dogs he is the best4 ,the ,irish ,terrier ,the greatest fault of the ,irish terrier is his fondness for barking unnecessarily2 but he is particularly intelligent1 active1 and vigorous1 and will learn any trick your ingenuity can devise for him4 ,other ,terriers ,there are many other terriers--the ,skye1 with coat nearly sweeping the ground2 the black and tan1 the ,welsh terrier1 and others less well known2 but for pluck1 brains1 and fidelity1 it is impossible to beat bull-terriers4 ,spaniels ,of all spaniels the ,clumber is the most intelligent and beautiful2 he is also1 although not a very demonstrative dog1 very sincere in his devotion to his master4 ,the ,cocker is a small spaniel3 an active1 merry little fellow who can be taught to retrieve4 ,the black spaniel and the liver-colored ,sussex are1 like the ,clumber1 of the oldest and best breeds1 and the ,sussex variety makes an excellent house dog4 ,he is quiet and dignified and has very good manners4 ,the common ,norfolk spaniel is intelligent1 a good water dog1 and a faithful companion4 ,a satisfactory puppy should not cost more than five dollars4 ,he and the ,cocker are the best of the spaniels as pets1 although these two breeds are also capable of good work in the field if carefully trained4 ,the ,retriever ,retrievers occasionally make good companions1 but for the most part they are dogs of one idea--retrieving--and have little interest in using their intelligence in any other direction4 ,setters ,the setter is a wise and affectionate animal4 ,he is full of spirit and needs careful training1 but train him well as a puppy and you will be able to take him everywhere with you1 for he is a very gallant and courteous gentleman4 ,in color the ,english setter varies with the different breeds4 ,the ,gordon setter is black and tan1 and the ,irish is red4 ,the ,collie ,the reputation for uncertain temper which collies have is not well grounded4 ,they are excitable1 it is true1 and apt to snap if you romp too long and wildly with them1 and they do not take correction kindly2 but people who have owned many specimens of this beautiful breed testify to having found them always loving and sagacious4 ,a collie should always belong to one person2 many masters make him too universal in his affections1 and under these circumstances he does not develop intelligently4 ,the collie at work is the wisest of dogs1 he knows each individual sheep in his care1 and in snow or mist will bring every one to the fold before he rests4 ,collies may be taught to play hide-and-seek--a game they are very fond of4 ,first hide a ball in the room and help the dog to find it1 and by degrees he will find anything by himself and will seek all over the house and garden4 ,among bad habits many collies have the serious one of running round and barking at horses4 ,this should be checked by keeping the dog strictly to heel where he is likely to meet any traffic4 ,the ,sheep ,dog ,the old ,english bob-tailed sheep dog is a bouncing1 rough-and-ready fellow4 ,he is not suitable for a house dog1 but he is honest and true and a good worker1 and one can get extremely fond of him4 ,the ,newfoundland ,the ,newfoundland is one of the grandest of beasts4 ,the true ,newfoundland is black all over1 except for a white star on the chest1 and he stands at least twenty-seven inches at the shoulder4 ,the black-and-white specimens are called ,landseer ,newfoundlands1 on account of the famous painter's fondness for them4 ,in character these dogs are dignified and magnanimous1 and they are particularly good with children4 ,many stories are told of their gallant efforts in saving life from drowning4 ,the ,newfoundland is used for draught in the island from which he takes his name4 ,the ,mastiff ,the mastiff is the best of all guards2 it is more pure instinct with him to guard his master's property than it is with any other breed4 ,he is honest through and through1 and as a rule he is gentle and a good companion4 ,the ,bull-,dog ,the bull-dog is stupid and not particularly affectionate4 ,although excitable he is not quarrelsome or savage1 and if reasonably treated no doubt would make a quiet1 faithful pet4 ,a not too highly bred bull-dog is likely to be more intelligent than his very blue-blooded relations4 ,the ,st4 ,bernard ,the most majestic of dogs is the ,st4 ,bernard4 ,he is high-couraged and sagacious and very discriminating in his devotion4 ,once your friend1 he is always your friend4 ,although with you he never makes a mistake1 he is apt to growl at strangers1 and is not to be relied on to be polite to visitors4 ,if you have one of the rough-coated variety you must groom him regularly and take great care of him1 as he is a delicate dog and subject to weakness in the back and hind legs if he is allowed to get wet or lie on damp ground4 ,the ,great ,dane ,the ,great ,dane1 or boarhound1 is a powerful and active dog4 ,his appearance is suggestive almost of a wild beast1 and he is particularly well fitted to act as guard4 ,he is gentle and manageable with those he knows1 and his great courage1 intelligence1 and strength make him a most desirable companion4 ,hounds ,of hounds that hunt by sight we have the ,english ,greyhound1 swiftest of dogs1 but neither very intelligent nor affectionate2 the ,scotch ,deerhound1 dignified and very devoted to his master1 and a wonderful jumper over gates and walking-sticks2 and the ,irish ,wolf-hound1 bigger and less graceful than either of the others1 but with a great big heart and noble courage4 ,gelert was of this breed4 ,there is also the ,borzoi1 whose appearance is a combination of greyhound and setter1 a very beautiful but rather stupid animal4 ,finally1 there is the ,bloodhound1 remarkable for great intelligence1 good temper1 and fidelity4 ,he is one of the finest of dogs1 wise and self-reliant and capable of the truest devotion to his master4 ,he seldom or never fights1 but is full of courage in spite of his naturally nervous disposition4 ,toy ,dogs ,toy dogs are fairly intelligent1 but noisy and wayward4 ,they cannot be recommended as interesting pets1 since they have little originality2 but they can be taught tricks1 and if treated sensibly and not pampered1 no doubt they would develop more intelligence4 ,the best of the toy dogs are ,pugs1 toy ,pomeranians1 the ,king ,charles' ,spaniel 7black and tan in color71 and the ,blenheim spaniel 7white and chestnut74 ,the ,pomeranian ,the ,pomeranian is a sharp and rather snappy dog1 not remarkable for either great intelligence or amiability2 but1 as with all breeds1 there are individual exceptions to this rule4 ,poodles ,poodles are intelligent and the best of all dogs for learning tricks4 ,they are also very expensive4 ,mongrels ,mongrels can be the best of friends4 ,they are often more original and enterprising than their too highly-bred cousins1 and they are very self-reliant2 but as a rule they are not so courageous nor so steadfast as a well-bred dog4 ,the chief advantage of possessing a mongrel is that dog-stealers are less likely to be tempted by him1 and you can give him more freedom1 which will make him more interesting and intelligent than a dog you need to shut up and look after carefully4 ,cats ,there is very little to say about cats1 except that they need much petting and plenty of milk and tit-bits4 ,they should always have a warm bed in a basket or chair4 ,they should never be allowed to stay out-of-doors at night4 ,wild ,rabbits ,of all rabbits the brightest and most intelligent1 as a pet1 is the wild rabbit4 ,if you can get two or three baby wild rabbits and feed them on milk1 they will grow up very tame4 ,we heard recently of two small wild rabbits that were taken out of the nest and brought up by hand4 ,they and their mistress and a collie pup would play together1 and they ran about the room1 racing over the floor and furniture4 ,in the summer one escaped from the coop on the lawn in which they were shut up1 so the other was turned loose too4 ,they would both come out of the bushes when called1 run about over one's dress1 and hunt pockets for oats or bits of apple1 and would still play with their old friend the collie4 ,it is sad to tell of their death1 which they met at the jaws of a strange dog who came marauding4 ,they did not recognize in him an enemy1 and easily fell his victims4 ,tame ,rabbits ,the long-haired ,angora variety of rabbit is intelligent and very handsome4 ,these need regular grooming and great care1 or their long coat gets matted and frowsy4 ,belgian hares are big1 powerful animals1 rather apt to be uncertain in temper1 but they have beautiful glossy coats and are enterprising and amusing4 ,the lop-eared rabbit is a stately beast and less brisk than his prick-eared relations4 ,the ,himalayan rabbit has no connection with the mountain chain from which it has its name1 is white1 with all its extremities--nose1 ears1 tail1 and feet--black or very dark in color4 ,the ,dutch rabbits are small4 ,the body is colored1 but the neck1 forelegs1 and jaws are white4 ,but to the ordinary owner of a rabbit in a hutch1 particular variety does not matter very much4 ,rabbits' ,hutches ,a good hutch can be made of a grocer's box1 by covering the open front partly with bars or wire netting and making a door4 ,the hutch should stand on legs1 or at any rate should be raised from the ground1 and holes should be bored in the bottom for drainage4 ,then put in clean straw1 and it is ready for the rabbit4 ,in cold or wet weather and at night1 it is well to throw a cloth over the hutch for warmth4 ,the hutch must be well ventilated1 and it should be made in two compartments1 one to admit plenty of light1 and the other dark4 ,it should be made so that the animal may be confined in either compartment while the other is cleaned out4 ,food and ,exercise ,bran1 grain1 and vegetables--such as peas1 parsley1 carrots1 turnip-tops1 but not much cabbage--serve for rabbits' food4 ,it is advisable to vary it occasionally4 ,the leaves should not be wet1 but a dish of clean water may always stand in the hutch4 ,the animal should be allowed at least half an hour's run every day1 precautions being taken against its burrowing habits1 and against its finding anything poisonous to eat4 ,more than one family should not be allowed out at the same time1 as they are very pugnacious4 ,most diseases are the result of neglect in cleaning out the hutch regularly and thoroughly4 ,rabbits which most nearly approach the wild in color are hardiest4 ,teaching ,rabbits ,if you find you have an intelligent rabbit who quickly learns to come to you when you call him by name1 you will find1 with patience1 you can teach him that when you say ,on trust1 he must not touch the dainty you offer him1 and that ,paid for means he may have it4 ,he will also learn to die1 and shake hands when you tell him to do so4 ,guinea-,pigs ,guinea-pigs need treatment and housing similar to rabbits4 ,squirrels ,in buying a squirrel make sure it is a young one1 because whereas a young one is difficult enough to tame1 an old one is not to be tamed at all4 ,unless you can give him a really large cage1 with room for a branch on which he may leap about1 it is cruel to keep a squirrel at all1 so beautifully free is his nature4 ,a little side compartment containing a revolving wheel should be added4 ,your only chance of taming him is to be extremely quiet and gentle in all your visits to the cage and in giving him his food--nuts1 acorns1 grain1 cold boiled potatoes1 dry bread1 and now and then a small piece of cooked meat4 ,a very charming account of what it is possible to do with tame squirrels will be found in a little book called ,billy and ,hans1 by ,mr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,stillman4 ,mice ,mice should have a cage with two compartments1 one of which should have a door in the woodwork but no wires4 ,in this room should be a bed of hay4 ,the natural food of mice is grain1 but in captivity they are generally fed on bread and milk and slices of apple4 ,they can be tamed to a small extent1 but for the most part they do no more than run round a wheel1 although if other gymnastic contrivances are offered them they will probably do something with them4 ,dormice 7to whose food you may add nuts7 sleep through the winter months1 and are therefore not very interesting for more than half the year4 ,turtles ,a turtle is rather an interesting animal to keep1 although he will not do much in return4 ,even in summer they have a curious way of disappearing for weeks together1 and in winter1 of course1 you see nothing of them4 ,an ordinary mud turtle is often seen moving slowly along the roads after a rain4 ,he can be carried home by turning him over on his back--but be careful to keep your fingers away from his snapping mouth4 ,as a rule they can feed themselves1 and they also have the happy knack of doing without food altogether for long periods1 so that you need not be anxious4 ,fish ,bowls of goldfish are not uncommon1 but few people seem to care for fish of other kinds4 ,and yet a little aquarium can be stocked for a small sum and is a most interesting possession4 ,one small tank of young bream1 for example1 can be a perpetual and continually fresh delight4 ,let the tank have cloisters of rockwork and jungles of weed1 so that hiding may be possible1 and then watch the smaller fish at their frolics4 ,young trout are hardly less beautiful1 and very easy to keep healthy1 in spite of general opinion to the contrary4 ,the important thing is to maintain a current of water through the tank4 ,the old way was to carry the overflow down a pipe in the centre through its surface opening1 but an improvement on this system is for the leakage to be at the bottom of the tank and the inflow at the top4 ,young perch are beautiful too1--and tench1 and dace1 and roach1--and all are hardy4 ,feeding them is very simple4 ,the shop from which you buy the fish will keep you supplied with the proper food4 ,the ,american catfish1 with its curious antenn or whiskers1 and its gleaming eyes1 set as by a jeweler1 is more wonderful1 and not a whit more difficult to keep4 ,but to be amused by such unfamiliar neighbors as a tankful of fish there is no real need either to stray abroad or to spend any money4 ,the ordinary minnow1 which you can catch in any stream and pop into a jar1 will serve to introduce you to a new world--a world of silent progressions1 of incredible celerities1 of amazing respirations4 ,silkworms ,silkworms1 if kept at all1 ought to be taken seriously and used for their true purpose4 ,that is to say1 you really ought to wind their silk carefully4 ,few owners of silkworms in this country seem to trouble to do this4 ,silkworms' eggs can be bought of any naturalist1 or some one who keeps silkworms will willingly give you some4 ,the time is about the end of ,april4 ,they are usually laid on scraps of paper1 and these you put in shallow paper and cardboard trays covered with gauze1 and place them in the room where the sun can reach them4 ,as the worms hatch out you must move them--it is done best with a small paint brush--to another tray or trays and keep them supplied with fresh mulberry leaves or lettuce4 ,the worms continue to grow for about a month1 and then1 when full-sized1 they prepare to spin4 ,you may know that this time is reached by their refusal to eat1 and you must then make a little paper toilet1 about two inches deep1 for each worm1 and drop it in4 ,you have now nothing to do 7except to watch the worms regularly7 for some weeks1 in which time the cocoon has been finished and the worm has become a chrysalis4 ,when the chrysalis inside the cocoon rattles the time has come to wind the silk1 or the moth will shortly emerge and eat it4 ,the outside of the cocoon is useless and can be removed by placing the cocoon in warm water4 ,once that is out of the way1 the silk can be wound on a card4 ,the moth soon afterward appears and1 after growing to its full size1 lays its eggs--some two hundred--and dies4 ,it must be remembered that with silkworms a little practical demonstration from any one who has kept them is worth much more than many pages of hints4 ,one thing is of the highest importance1 and that is constant attention4 ,silkworms must never be neglected4 ,other ,caterpillars ,silkworms are more useful but not more interesting than many other caterpillars which can be hatched from eggs4 ,the ,privet ,hawk ,moth1 for example1 is very easily bred1 and a very beautiful creature it is when in full plumage4 ,but for information on this subject you must go to more scientific books4 ,pigeons ,pigeons are not exactly pets1 for they rarely do more than come to you for their food1 just as chickens do1 but they are beautiful creatures and no country roof is quite complete without them1 and a dove-cot is a very pretty and homely old-fashioned object4 ,usually1 however1 the birds are given a portion of a loft4 ,whatever the nature of their home1 it must have separate compartments for each pair of pigeons and must be warm4 ,if a loft is used there should be sand or gravel on the floor1 with a little lime to assist the formation of the shells of the pigeons' eggs4 ,the place should be kept clean1 and you must guard against rats and cats4 ,pigeons eat peas and pigeons'-beans and most kinds of grain4 ,if they fly loose they will find out other food1 such as green meat1 for themselves4 ,but if you keep them at home you ought to give them some4 ,they should have a dish of water in a regular place4 ,new pigeons should be shut up by wiring in their house for a fortnight before you give them their liberty1 or they will fly away4 ,they do not care for hay or straw in their boxes1 but will make a nest in their own way when they need one4 ,pigeons are of many kinds1 the commonest of which is perhaps the ,runt1 and the prettiest a white ,fantail4 ,any one who takes up pigeons except merely for the pleasure of owning one or two should read up the subject carefully4 ,doves ,doves1 which are happier when kept in pairs1 require the same food as pigeons4 ,as a rule they are kept in wicker cages4 ,they are not very interesting4 ,parrots ,parrots are most companionable pets1 and1 next to a dog1 quite the most interesting and intelligent4 ,they are always cheerful3 whistling1 singing1 and talking4 ,the gray parrot is the best talker1 and speaks much more distinctly than any other kind1 but the ,blue-fronted ,amazon is more amusing and far better-tempered as a rule4 ,these birds are very beautiful1 with bright green plumage and touches of yellow and red1 and a blue patch on the forehead4 ,the best food for parrots is parrot seed1 on which they may be fed entirely1 and they should never be allowed dainties except nuts1 fruit1 and a little piece of sugar4 ,in the summer time sprinkle your parrot with water through a fine hose every morning1 but in the winter do so only when he asks for a bath by trying to get into the water basin4 ,as to talking1 parrots will pick up far more readily any words they hear by accident than any that you set yourself to teach them4 ,they will also get by heart in this way a few bars of a whistled tune4 ,when parrots are apparently spiteful it often proceeds much more from nervousness than from vice4 ,if frightened they will peck anything near them4 ,it is important to have a thick baize cover for your parrot's cage1 and to put this over it directly the lamps are lit4 ,smaller ,cage ,birds ,before coming to the different kinds of birds which you can keep1 a few general words about their care ought to be said4 ,remember that with them1 as with all pets1 the most important of all rules is perfect cleanliness4 ,the best cages are wooden ones with unpainted wires1 and the perches should be of different thicknesses1 as1 if they are all one size1 the bird is likely to get cramp in his feet4 ,once in a week at least the perches and tray should be scrubbed with very hot water with soda in it1 but they must be dried thoroughly before they are put back into the cage2 therefore if possible it is best to have two sets of perches and to use them alternately4 ,a thick layer of red sand or shell gravel should be sprinkled on the tray1 and occasionally a pinch of maw-seed thrown on it4 ,baths ,all birds should have a bath given them4 ,they like best a shallow glass dish1 which should be put in the cage when the tray is out4 ,it is a good plan to put a biscuit-tin lid on the floor of the cage to prevent the bird from making the woodwork wet4 ,other rules in the care of all birds are--never let them be in a draught1 but do not keep them in a very warm place4 ,cover them with a white cloth at night1 and in cold weather put a shawl over that4 ,food ,seed-eating birds do best if they are fed on canary seed and a little summer rape1 with now and then a few hemp-seeds1 some ,hartz mountain bread1 and a bit of groundsel or water-cress that has been well washed4 ,if they look dull and sit in a puffed-up little heap1 a drop of brandy in their water often does good2 and1 should they show signs of asthma1 try chopped1 hard-boiled egg1 with a few grains of cayenne pepper1 and a bit of saffron or a rusty nail in the water4 ,these are also good when the bird is moulting4 ,for insect-eating birds you must buy meal-worms and ants' eggs1 and thrushes and blackbirds need earth-worms as well4 ,tricks ,some birds are easily taught tricks4 ,we remember a red-poll who would draw his water up from a well in the cage in a little bucket2 but if you teach your bird to do this you must be careful to watch him1 in case the string gets twisted and the bucket does not reach the water1 when your pet will suffer terribly from thirst4 ,he will also learn to pull his seed-box up an inclined board if you put it day by day a little farther from him1 so that he must draw the string to get his food4 ,it is better to take a long time in training birds1 and tempt them with any dainty they care most for1 such as water-cress1 groundsel1 chickweed1 or hemp-seed1 as otherwise you must starve the bird first1 or he will not trouble to get the seed4 ,this means a certain amount of cruelty and cannot be right4 ,canaries ,the favorite cage-bird is the canary1 which1 though a foreign bird1 is kept in this country in greater numbers than any other bird1 and is also bred here4 ,one has to be very well posted up in the nature of the bird to be protected against deception when buying it2 and you ought therefore1 in getting a canary1 to find some one competent to buy what you want4 ,canaries must be kept carefully4 ,they cannot stand much air4 ,be particular that the cage does not hang in a draught1 and let it be large enough for comfort4 ,when evening comes it is kinder to take the cage out of a room in which there will be much light and noise1 and put it somewhere dark and quiet1 as the air of a room where gas is burned is not good for it4 ,but if moving the cage is not convenient1 lower it to a position below the level of the burners and cover it up with a thick cloth4 ,by day the cage should be hung in the sunshine if possible1 but if the sun is very hot a green gauze cover ought to protect the bird a little4 ,if the bird's singing is too lusty--as sometimes happens--a handkerchief thrown over the cage will check it2 but this seems rather hard treatment4 ,in feeding canaries follow the rules on p4 #cef1 but you may put a lump of sugar between the bars now and then1 or a sprig of groundsel or water-cress4 ,do not give them cake2 it is no real kindness4 ,when they are moulting1 canaries 7and other birds too7 need rather more attention4 ,give them a little richer food1 such as chopped-up eggs1 and put some saffron in the water4 ,there is a kind of insect called the red mite which often attacks canaries4 ,it is not the rule by any means that canaries should be thus troubled--many escape--but it may happen4 ,if you cannot account for the bird's despondency in any other way1 catch it and look at its skin under the feathers of the breast and the under part of the wings4 ,if there are little red spots1 it means that the red mites have found out the cage1 and you must wash the bird every day with a weak solution of white precipitate powder--about twelve grains to a small glass of warm water--and either wash the cage too with a stronger solution1 or1 if it is a wooden one1 destroy it4 ,now and then you ought to clip their claws1 if they seem too long4 ,the ,love-,birds ,the love-birds feed almost entirely on millet or canary seed1 and they like a sod of grass in their cage4 ,they are bright little birds1 but are naturally very wild and need much petting if you wish to tame them4 ,once tamed1 however1 they are very confiding and amusing4 ,the ,cardinal ,one of the most beautiful of cage-birds is the red-crested cardinal4 ,he is quite hardy and eats seeds and insects impartially1 thriving on canary1 millet1 and a little hemp-seed1 with meal-worms now and then4 ,he should always have a very large cage1 or he will spoil his plumage4 ,his song is sweet and strong4 ,wax-,bills ,wax-bills eat millet-seed1 canary seed1 and a little soaked bread and sponge-cake4 ,other ,foreign ,birds ,java sparrows are pretty creatures1 although they do very little for you4 ,perhaps the most attractive of small foreign birds is the avadavat1 a tiny1 perky little soldier4 ,these live quite comfortably together2 and indeed1 if it is permitted1 you should certainly1 for the non-singing birds1 have a large cage and keep many such birds in it rather than put them in small cages4 ,they will be far happier4 ,the ,chaffinch ,the chaffinch has to re-learn his song every spring1 and for a fortnight or more you will hear him trying his voice very sweetly and softly1 but as soon as he has acquired his song in perfection1 it will be so strong and piercing that on fine days he often has to be banished from the sitting-room4 ,he should not1 however1 be exposed too much to sun and wind2 a cloth thrown over half the cage will make a shelter4 ,the chaffinch is another bird that should never be put in a bell-shaped cage4 ,he should occasionally have flies and other insects given him4 ,he is lively and hardy and a very gay companion4 ,the ,goldfinch ,we remember a goldfinch that became very tame1 perching on his owner's hands and taking seed from her lips4 ,goldfinches should never be kept in bell-shaped cages--which make them giddy--but should have one with a square flat top4 ,along this they will run head downward4 ,they are such active birds that they need plenty of space4 ,they chatter all day long and are very cheery1 and they are very beautiful in their brown1 gold1 and scarlet coats4 ,in a wild state the goldfinch feeds chiefly on the seeds of weeds and thistles1 groundsel1 and dandelion1 and he is therefore a friend to the farmer1 but in captivity be will thrive on canary and ,german rape with several hemp-seeds daily1 and now and then lettuce1 thistle-seed1 and fruit4 ,the ,bullfinch ,the bullfinch is squarely built1 with a black head and pink breast4 ,no bird can be more affectionate and intelligent4 ,he will learn to pipe tunes if you put him in the dark and whistle a few bars of some easy melody to him over and over again2 and he soon gets a number of fascinating tricks4 ,after a while you will be able to let him out of the cage at meal-times1 when he will hop about from plate to plate and steal little tit-bits4 ,no bird is so fond of sitting on its owner's shoulder as the bullfinch can be4 ,also1 unhappily1 few birds are so liable to fatal illness4 ,a bullfinch can be apparently quite well one minute and the next you find him lying at the bottom of the cage4 ,over-eating is often the cause of his death1 so that one must be careful4 ,hemp-seed and apple-pips1 for instance1 which he loves1 should be given in moderation4 ,rape and millet1 lettuce and ripe fruit suit him best4 ,gardeners are great enemies of this sturdy little bird on account of the damage he does amongst fruit-trees1 but he probably does a great deal more good than he does harm by eating insects which are fatal to plants4 ,the ,yellow ,bunting ,the yellow bunting 7or yellow hammer7 can be a pet2 and he has the sweetest little whispering song4 ,if you have a caged bunting1 his seed should be soaked in cold water for some hours before it is given to him1 and he must have the yoke of a hard-boiled egg1 meal-worms1 ants' eggs1 and any insects you can catch for him4 ,he must also have plenty of opportunities for bathing1 and as much fresh air without draughts as possible4 ,the ,blackbird ,the blackbird is delicate when caged and must have plenty of nutritious food1 bread and milk1 boiled vegetables1 ripe fruit1 insects1 and snails4 ,he is a thirsty bird and needs plenty of water4 ,birds of all kinds especially like cocoanut 7though they will come to the window-sill simply for bread crumbs74 ,the cocoanut should be sawn in two1 and a hole bored through each half1 about an inch from the edge4 ,a strong string is then threaded in and they are hung from the bough of a tree4 ,they should be hung rather high up1 on a bough reaching as far out from the trunk as possible1 so as to avoid all risk from the cat4 ,the birds frequent elm-trees more than any others1 because the rough bark contains many insects1 but you may choose any kind of tree1 as close to your windows as you like4 ,the birds will keep pecking at the cocoanut all day long and will soon want a new one4 ,if you have no tree near the house you might fasten a cord across the outer frame of your window and tie the pieces of nut to that4 ,the birds would soon find out the cocoa-nut and come to it1 and bread crumbs could also be put on the window-sill to attract them4 ,or1 if you have a veranda1 they could be hung up there1 if you could make them safe from the cat4 ,mrs4 ,earle1 in her book ,more ,pot-,pourri from a ,surrey ,garden1 gives elaborate directions for an arrangement in a veranda or balcony of cocoanuts1 etc41 for the birds4 ,lumps of fat will do as well as cocoanut4 ,some birds also greatly love a bone to pick at--an uncooked one with plenty of fat on it1 which the butcher will probably be glad to give you if you ask him and explain its purpose4 ,it can be hung up in a tree or merely laid on the window-sill4 ,the ,robin ,in the ordinary way one would not keep robins at all4 ,they are so tame and fond of the company of human beings that they will come regularly to the door for crumbs every morning and never be far off at any time4 ,but if a wounded robin is found or a nest is abandoned 7probably owing to the death of the mother at the cat's hands7 just before the young birds are ready to fly1 you might pop them in a cage4 ,they do not often thrive long in captivity1 even if the confinement does not seem irksome1 but to keep one until it was strong enough to be let loose would be a kindness4 ,still there have been many cases of happy tame robins4 ,the best food for them is bread crumbs1 grated carrot1 yoke of egg and sponge-cake mixed together1 the carrot making the mixture moist enough4 ,a few insects daily are advisable4 ,robins are such quarrelsome birds that it is impossible to keep two of them in an aviary1 or even to keep one robin with birds weaker than himself4 ,perhaps the best way to treat a pet robin is to let him fly all over the house in the winter4 ,he may one day fly away altogether in the spring1 but if he is alive he is almost certain to come back again when the cold weather begins4 ,garden ,robins ,robins in the garden are so pretty1 so cheeky1 so sweetly musical1 and are so friendly to man 7in spite of their arrogance and selfishness among birds7 that they ought to be encouraged4 ,as the only way of encouraging wild birds is to feed them1 we have to try and give them what they like best4 ,robins are quite content with bread crumbs only4 ,they will eat sop if they can get nothing else2 but they prefer crumbs1 and not too dry4 ,for an especial treat they like fat bacon beyond everything3 cooked bacon1 that has been boiled1 not fried4 ,it should be mixed up very small1 and the bread also crumbled into tiny morsels1 for robins like to eat very nicely and daintily4 ,robins are pleased to have crumbs given them all the seasons through1 though in the autumn they can very well take care of themselves4 ,each robin has his own special domain1 which any other robin invades at his peril4 ,the robins that come to the window for food are those that belong to that particular side of the house and no other4 ,this means that there are other robins is different parts of the garden which will have to be fed in their own special localities4 ,you will soon find out where these are1 even if you have not already been guided to them by their songs4 ,robins like their food scattered always in the same place1 or under the same tree1 and1 as nearly as you can1 at the same time4 ,then you will find them on the lookout for you1 and if you take always the same basket 7a rather shallow flat one which stands firmly7 and1 putting it on the ground1 go a few steps away1 you will see them hop into it4 ,after a few days they will probably get tame enough to come into the basket while it is in your hand2 only you must have a little patience at first1 and hold it very still1 and of course you must not have previously scattered any food on the ground4 ,birds in the ,garden ,this brings us to the other garden birds which we have no wish to put in cages1 but which it is well to be as kind to as possible4 ,in winter1 when there is a frost1 to feed them is absolutely necessary2 but at all times it is well that they should know that you are not enemies 7of which they have so many71 but their friends4 ,the following notes1 together with the foregoing passage on feeding robins1 on birds in the garden have been prepared far this book3-- ,birds are grateful all the year through for a shallow pan of water1 which they can drink from and use also as a bath4 ,and the bees1 too1 will be glad to come and get a sip of water1 for they also are thirsty things4 ,a small round yellow earthenware pan is excellent for the thrushes and blackbirds1 but it is as well to provide a smaller one1 say an ordinary shallow pie-dish1 for the robins and little birds4 ,these should be refilled twice a day1 at least1 in summer time4 ,you can place the pans on the grass or path1 where you can see them comfortably from the house1 but not nearer than you can help1 because the blackbirds are rather shy1 and it would be a pity to make drinking too great an adventure for them4 ,birds are thankful for a little feeding right through the spring1 both when the mother bird is sitting on the nest and the father has to forage for two1 and when the young ones are hatched and there are at once many more mouths to fill4 ,in the summer too1 if it should be unduly wet and cold1 or unduly hot and dry1 and grubs and insects scarce1 the young birds are pleased to find a meal ready for them4 ,but in the winter it is a positive duty to feed the birds2 for remember that when the ground is covered with snow1 or frozen hard1 they can get no insects1 and thus1 after all the berries have gone1 they will starve unless they are helped with other food4 ,almost every household has enough waste scraps1 if they are collected carefully1 to give the birds a good meal once a day4 ,bread1 of course1 will form the chief part1 but nothing comes amiss to them1 however tiny4 ,morsels of suet1 dripping1 shreds of fat1 meat1 and fish1 and cheese rind also1 all mixed up together1 are an especial treat4 ,the mince should be well mixed with the bread crumbs1 or all may not get a fair share4 ,crusts1 or any hard1 dry bits of bread1 can be scalded into sop 7though1 unlike chickens1 wild birds do not seem to like it hot71 and a little piece of dripping or fat1 soaked with the sop1 makes it more tasty for them4 ,if the supply of bread be short1 the birds will be very pleased with chickens' rice4 ,it should be the 'second quality' kind1 in the brown husk1 which can be procured from most corn-dealers4 ,but this is hardly necessary excepting in a long hard frost4 ,starlings are especially fond of bones1 and they will esteem it a favor if any which have been used in making soup1 and are not required for the dog1 are thrown out to them on the ground4 ,their joyous chattering over them is quite cheering1 even on the dreariest winter's day4 ,they are also grateful for the rind of a ham or piece of bacon1 after it has been boiled4 ,this should be thrown out to them whole1 not cut up in little pieces4 ,they are equally fond of the bones and skin remains of a 'dried' haddock4 ,for the bolder birds1 such as robins1 you will like to put some food on the window-sills1 and also on the path or grass close to the house4 ,but remember the more timid ones1 and scatter it in other parts of the garden as well4 ,sparrows1 of course1 deserve their food as well as any of the others2 but it is rather hard to see them taking every morning much more than their share1 while the less courageous or impudent birds 7who also sing to you7 get none4 ,it seems impossible to prevent this1 though ,mr4 ,phil4 ,robinson1 in his book ,garden1 ,orchard1 and ,spinney 7in the chapter entitled ',the ,famine is my ,garden'71 recommends scattering some oatmeal mixed with a few bread crumbs on one side of the house1 to keep the sparrows occupied1 whilst you feed the other birds elsewhere4 ,sparrows1 however1 have a way of being on every side of the house at once4 ,still1 if you feed your birds daily1 and as nearly at the same time as possible 7they like it as soon as may be after your own breakfast71 you will find them on the lookout for you1 and they will manage to get a good share1 if they all start fair1 in spite of the sparrows4 ,in a hard frost they are thankful for a second meal1 but it should not be later than two o'clock1 because birds go to bed very early in cold weather1 and the food would be frozen too hard for them to be able to eat it next morning4 ,one word more4 ,there is great danger of birds being caught by a cat while they are busy with their food1 especially if near the bushes4 ,the only possible protection against this which you can take is to see that your own cat is indoors and is therefore not the offender4 ,,reading ,all persons who care very much for reading will find their way naturally to the books most likely to please them2 left alone in a library they are never disappointed4 ,for them no advice is necessary4 ,nor is advice important to those who have opportunities to compare notes on reading with friends who have similar tastes4 ,for instance1 two boys may fall to talking of books4 ,have you read ,david ,balfour8 one will say4 ,no2 who's it by8 ,stevenson4 ,what else did he write8 ,well1 he wrote ,treasure ,island4 ,i've read that4 ,if ,david ,balfour is anything like that1 ,i must get it4 ,he gets it2 and thus1 either by asking others whose taste he can trust1 or by going steadily on through each author who satisfies him1 he will always have as much good reading as he needs4 ,but there are still other readers--who have no real instinct for books1 or no memory for authors' names1 or few opportunities of comparing notes--for whom a list of books that are worth trying1 books which have been tested and found all right by thousands of readers1 ought to be very useful4 ,in the following pages a list of this kind has been drawn up4 ,it is very far indeed from anything like completeness--many good authors are not mentioned at all1 and others have written many more books than are here placed under their names--but those chosen are in most cases their best1 and it will be very easy for readers who want more to find out other titles4 ,the books named are for the most part not new4 ,but before children read new books they read old2 the new ones come later4 ,what is suggested here is a ground-work4 ,moreover1 there are so many ways for new books to suggest themselves that to attempt the impossible task of keeping pace with them here was unnecessary4 ,girls are such steady readers of what are called boys' books1 and boys are occasionally so much interested in what are called girls' books1 that the two groups have not been separated4 ,all that has been done is to describe the nature of each division of stories4 ,fairy ,tales ,nearly all the best old fairy tales are to be found in ,mr4 ,andrew ,lang's collections1 of which six are mentioned3-- ,the ,blue ,fairy ,book4 ,the ,red ,fairy ,book4 ,the ,pink ,fairy ,book4 ,the ,green ,fairy ,book4 ,the ,yellow ,fairy ,book4 ,the ,orange ,fairy ,book4 ,many families do very well with merely ,grimm's ,fairy ,tales4 ,the ,arabian ,nights4 ,andersen's ,fairy ,tales4 sop's ,fables4 ,these are traditional4 ,first favorites among ,english whimsical tales are1 of course1 ,alice's ,adventures in ,wonderland ,by ,lewis ,carroll4 ,through the ,looking-glass of which there is no need to speak1 nor of ,the ,water-,babies ,by ,charles ,kingsley4 ,the ,king of the ,golden ,river ,john ,ruskin4 ,the ,rose and the ,ring ,w4 ,m4 ,thackeray4 ,and among other good stories are-- ,fairy ,tales ,by ,alexandre ,dumas4 ,mopsa the ,fairy ,jean ,ingelow4 ,prince ,prigio ,andrew ,lang4 ,the ,gold of ,fairnilee ,twenty ,best ,fairy ,tales ,lucy ,perkins4 ,the ,bee-,man of ,orn ,frank ,r4 ,stockton4 ,the ,clocks of ,rondaine ,old-,fashioned ,fairy ,tales ,mrs4 ,ewing4 ,lewis ,carroll's ,bruno's ,revenge1 the story which was the beginning of ,sylvie and ,bruno1 is perfect in its way4 ,legendary ,tales ,,classical ,the ,heroes ,by ,charles ,kingsley4 ,a ,wonder ,book ,nathaniel ,hawthorne4 ,tanglewood ,tales ,the ,story of the ,odyssey ,rev4 ,a4 ,j4 ,church4 ,the ,story of the ,iliad ,stories from ,homer ,,romantic ,the ,morte ,d',arthur ,by ,sir ,t4 ,malory4 ,tales from ,shakespeare ,charles and ,mary ,lamb4 ,puck of ,pook's ,hill ,rudyard ,kipling4 ,stories from the ,faerie ,queen ,mary ,macleod4 ,heroes of ,chivalry and ,romance ,rev4 ,a4 ,j4 ,church4 ,stories of the ,magicians ,olaf the ,glorious ,robert ,leighton4 ,robin ,hood ,howard ,pyle4 ,men of ,iron ,canterbury ,tales ,chaucer4 ,robin ,hood3 ,his ,deeds and ,adventures ,lucy ,perkins4 ,ballads in ,prose ,mary ,macleod4 ,forgotten ,tales of ,long ,ago ,e4 ,v4 ,lucas4 ,old ,fashioned ,tales ,tales from ,maria ,edgeworth4 ,introduction ,austin ,dobson4 ,tales from the ,canterbury ,pilgrims4 ,retold ,j4 ,h4 ,darton4 ,the ,book of ,king ,arthur ,mary ,macleod4 ,midsummer ,night's ,dream for ,young ,people ,lucy ,perkins4 ,the ,wonder ,book of ,old ,romance4 ,here also we might place ,gulliver's ,travels4 ,verse and ,poetry ,our first acquaintance with poetry is made through nursery rhymes4 ,many collections of nursery rhymes may be had4 ,and there are also a number of very charming picture books of simple verse1 suitable for small readers1 such as ,miss ,kate ,greenaway's ,mother ,goose4 ,marigold ,garden4 ,under the ,window4 ,a4 ,apple ,pie4 ,mr4 ,walter ,crane's ,baby's ,opera1 ,baby's ,bouquet1 and various toy books4 ,four favorite books of comic verse are ,edward ,lear's ,book of ,nonsense4 ,more ,nonsense4 ,nonsense1 ,songs and ,stories4 ,four books1 more recent1 which come nearer to poetry than anything already mentioned1 are-- ,verses for ,children ,by ,mrs4 ,ewing4 ,sing ,song ,christina ,g4 ,rossetti4 ,lilliput ,lyrics ,w4 ,b4 ,rands4 ,a ,child's ,garden of ,verses ,r4 ,l4 ,stevenson4 ,a large collection of verse of the kind already described1 with the addition of ballads1 open-air rhymes1 animal verses and other matter--intended to pave the way to real poetry--exists in ,a ,book of ,verses for ,children1 ,another ,book of ,verses for ,children1 compiled by ,e4 ,v4 ,lucas4 ,after these1 we come to collections containing real poetry1 two excellent ones being ,the ,blue ,poetry ,book ,by ,andrew ,lang4 ,a ,first ,second and ,third ,poetry ,book ,m4 ,a4 ,woods4 ,there is also ,lyra ,heroica ,by ,w4 ,e4 ,henley1 a collection for boys4 ,selections from ,tennyson1 ,browning1 and other poets1 intended for children1 have been made1 but most young explorers of poetry like to have the complete works and hunt for themselves4 ,other popular books of poetry are-- ,the ,golden ,treasury of ,songs and ,lyrics4 ,poems ,every ,child ,should know4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,r4 ,d4 ,patmore's ,children's ,garland from the ,best ,poets4 ,miss ,agnes ,repplier's ,book of ,famous ,verse4 ,h4 ,e4 ,scudder's ,american ,poems4 ,the ,original ,poems1 and ,others ,by ,jane and ,ann ,taylor4 ,national ,rhymes for the ,nursery ,george ,saintsbury4 ,the ,ballad ,book ,w4 ,allingham4 ,lays of ,ancient ,rome ,lord ,macaulay4 ,lays of the ,scottish ,cavaliers ,w4 ,e4 ,aytoun4 ,the ,percy ,reliques4 ,a ,thousand and ,one ,gems of ,poetry4 ,scott4 ,longfellow4 ,hood4 ,many boys also like the humorous stories in ,barham's ,ingoldsby ,legends4 ,books ,about ,children ,to this section1 which is suited more particularly for girls1 belong a large number of stories of a very popular kind3 stories describing the ordinary life of children of to-day1 with such adventures as any of us can have near home4 ,years ago the favorites were-- ,the ,fairchild ,family ,by ,mrs4 ,sherwood4 ,sandford and ,merton ,thomas ,day4 ,but these are not read as they used to be1 partly because taste has changed1 and partly because so many other books can now be procured4 ,but fifty and more years ago they were in every nursery library4 ,the ,swiss ,family ,robinson1 the most famous family book of all1 will be found in the adventure section1 to which perhaps really belong ,feats on the ,fiord1 ,the ,settlers at ,home1 by ,harriet ,martineau1 although these two1 and ,the ,crofton ,boys may be included here4 ,here also belong ,maria ,edgeworth's ,moral ,tales for ,young ,people4 ,the ,parent's ,assistant1 which1 although their flavor is old-fashioned1 are yet as interesting as ever they were4 ,another writer whose popularity is no longer what it was is ,jacob ,abbott1 the author of a number of fascinating stories of home life 7on farms and in the country7 in ,america in the middle of last century4 ,the ,franconia stories are these3-- ,beechnut4 ,wallace4 ,madeline4 ,caroline4 ,mary ,erskine4 ,mary ,bell4 ,stuyvesant4 ,agnes4 ,and this is the ,rollo series1 intended by ,mr4 ,abbott for rather younger readers3-- ,the ,little ,scholar ,learning to ,talk4 ,rollo ,learning to ,read4 ,rollo at ,play4 ,rollo at ,work4 ,rollo at ,school4 ,rollo's ,vacation4 ,a list of other books1 which come more or less rightly under the head of ,stories about ,children follows1 the earlier ones being better suited to younger readers1 and the later ones to older1 the age aimed at in this chapter 7and indeed in the whole book71 ranging from five to fifteen4 ,by ,kate ,douglas ,wiggin3-- ,polly ,oliver's ,problem4 ,timothy's ,quest4 ,by ,louisa ,m4 ,alcott3-- ,little ,women4 ,good ,wives4 ,eight ,cousins4 ,rose in ,bloom4 ,spinning-,wheel ,stories4 ,little ,men4 ,jo's ,boys4 ,an ,old-,fashioned ,girl4 ,aunt ,jo's ,scrap ,bag4 ,comic ,tragedies4 ,the ,little ,pepper ,series1 and the ,elsie ,books4 ,by ,mrs4 ,frances ,hodgson ,burnett3-- ,little ,lord ,fauntleroy4 ,editha's ,burglar4 ,the ,captain's ,youngest4 ,sara ,crew4 ,by ,mrs4 ,whitney3-- ,we ,girls4 ,faith ,gartney's ,girlhood4 ,the ,gayworthys4 ,leslie ,goldthwaite4 ,by ,gelett ,burgess3-- ,goops1 and ,how to be ,them4 ,more ,goops1 and ,how ,not to be ,them4 ,goop ,tales4 ,the ,lively ,city o',ligg4 ,the ,burgess ,nonsense ,book4 ,this section is necessarily more incomplete than any of the others1 since it is impossible to keep pace with the great number of stories of this kind which are published every ,christmas4 ,but a few more may be added3-- ,stories ,told to a ,child ,by ,jean ,ingelow4 ,the ,lost ,child ,henry ,kingsley4 ,helen's ,babies ,john ,habberton4 ,the ,treasure-,seekers ,e4 ,nesbit4 ,holiday ,house ,catherine ,sinclair4 ,deeds of ,daring done by ,girls ,n4 ,hudson ,moore4 ,children of ,other ,days ,paleface and ,redskin ,f4 ,anstey4 ,the ,silver ,skates ,m4 ,m4 ,dodge4 ,molly and ,olly ,mrs4 ,humphry ,ward4 ,sweetheart ,travelers ,s4 ,r4 ,crockett4 ,sir ,toady ,crusoe ,sir ,toady ,lion ,no ,relations ,hector ,malot4 ,jogging ',round the ,world ,edith ,dunham4 ,a ,little ,daughter of the ,revolution ,agnes ,sage4 ,a ,little ,colonial ,dame ,the ,house of the ,red ,fox ,miriam ,byrne4 ,the ,would-be ,witch ,little ,barefoot ,from the ,german of ,auerbach4 ,indian ,boys and ,girls ,by ,alice ,haines4 ,japanese ,child ,life ,little ,japs at ,home ,jap ,boys and ,girls ,according to ,grandma ,when ,grandma was ,little ,what ,grandma ,says ,here also belong many of the stories of ,miss ,yonge1 and we might perhaps place ,uncle ,tom's ,cabin here too4 ,boy and ,schoolboy ,stories ,in this section are placed stories of modern boys1 either at home or at school1 and their ordinary home or school adventures4 ,among the best are-- ,tom ,sawyer ,by ,mark ,twain4 and ,bevis ,by ,richard ,jefferies4 ,others are-- ,the ,story of a ,bad ,boy ,by ,t4 ,b4 ,aldrich4 ,my ,boyhood ,h4 ,c4 ,barkley4 ,the ,swan and her ,crew ,g4 ,c4 ,davies4 ,captain ,chap ,frank ,r4 ,stockton4 ,the ,tinkham ,brothers' ,tidemill ,j4 ,t4 ,trowbridge4 ,the best school story will probable always be ,tom ,brown's ,school ,days ,by ,t4 ,hughes4 ,among the books of this kind meant rather for grownup readers1 but read also by boys1 are-- ,huckleberry ,finn ,by ,mark ,twain4 ,frank ,fairlegh ,f4 ,e4 ,smedley4 ,the ,interpreter ,whyte ,melville4 ,the ,human ,boy ,eden ,phillpots4 ,vice ,vers ,f4 ,anstey4 ,adventure ,stories ,this is the largest group of books usually described as for boys1 although girls often read them too with hardly less interest4 ,the first place in this class will probably always be held by ,defoe's ,robinson ,crusoe1 and it is likely that most votes for second place would go to ,the ,swiss ,family ,robinson4 ,after these we come to modern authors whose books have been written especially for boys1 first among whom is the late ,mr4 ,r4 ,m4 ,ballantyne1 the author of1 among numerous other books1 ,the ,coral ,island4 ,the ,gorilla ,hunters4 ,the ,dog ,crusoe4 ,the ,pirate ,city4 ,ungava4 ,the ,wild ,man of the ,west4 ,the ,iron ,horse4 ,fighting the ,flames4 ,erling the ,bold4 ,martin ,rattler4 ,the ,fur ,traders4 ,the ,red ,man's ,revenge4 ,many of ,ballantyne's readers make a point of going through the whole series of his books4 ,the other titles can be collected from the advertisement pages at the end of these volumes4 ,with ,r4 ,m4 ,ballantyne is usually associated the name of the late ,w4 ,h4 ,g4 ,kingston 7,kingston and ,ballantyne the brave1 ,stevenson called them in the verses at the beginning of ,treasure ,island1 another book which comes high in this section74 ,kingston's stories were also very numerous1 but it will serve our purpose here to mention only the following six3-- ,peter the ,whaler4 ,the ,three ,midshipmen4 ,the ,three ,lieutenants4 ,the ,three ,commanders4 ,the ,three ,admirals4 ,from ,powder-,monkey to ,admiral4 ,several authors have carried on ,ballantyne and ,kingston's work4 ,chief among these are ,mr4 ,g4 ,a4 ,henty and ,mr4 ,g4 ,manville ,fenn4 ,here are six of ,mr4 ,g4 ,a4 ,henty's stories3-- ,out on the ,pampas4 ,the ,young ,colonists4 ,the ,young ,franc-,tireurs4 ,in the ,heart of the ,rockies4 ,maori and ,settler4 ,redskin and ,cowboy4 ,and here are eight of ,mr4 ,g4 ,manville ,fenn's3-- ,brownsmith's ,boy4 ,bunyip ,land4 ,bevon ,boys4 ,dick o' the ,fens4 ,the ,golden ,magnet4 ,fix ,bay'nets4 ,jungle and ,stream4 ,menhardoc4 ,mr4 ,max ,pemberton1 author of ,the ,iron ,pirate4 ,the ,impregnable ,city4 ,q4 7,mr4 ,quiller ,couch71 author of ,dead ,man's ,rock4 ,the ,silver ,spur4 and ,mr4 ,david ,kerr1 author of ,the ,boy ,slave in ,bokhara4 ,lost ,among the ,white ,africans4 ,the ,wild ,horseman of the ,pampas4 ,cossack and ,czar4 ,old ,tartar ,deserts4 ,prisoner among ,pirates4 ,jules ,verne is a ,french writer1 but his stories have always quickly been translated into ,english1 many of them by ,mr4 ,henry ,frith4 ,their titles are a good guide to their subject1 for ,jules ,verne goes to science for some wonderful invention1 such as a submarine boat or a flying machine1 and then surrounds it with extraordinary adventures4 ,among his best books are-- ,twenty ,thousand ,leagues under the ,sea4 ,round the ,world in ,eighty ,days4 ,five ,weeks in a ,balloon4 ,the ,english at the ,north ,pole4 ,the ,clipper of the ,clouds4 ,from the ,earth to the ,moon4 ,the ,mysterious ,island4 ,a ,journey to the ,centre of the ,earth4 ,first of ,english inventors of fantastic stories of adventure is ,mr4 ,rider ,haggard4 ,his three most popular books are-- ,king ,solomon's ,mines4 ,she4 ,allan ,quatermain4 ,the books already named1 with the exception of ,robinson ,crusoe1 were written especially for boys4 ,other books which were not so intended1 but have come to be read more by boys than any one else1 include ,fenimore ,cooper's ,indian stories1 of which these are four3-- ,the ,last of the ,mohicans4 ,the ,pathfinder4 ,the ,deerslayer4 ,the ,bee ,hunters4 ,other ,indian stories are those of ,gustave ,aimard1 translated from the ,french1 among which are these3-- ,the ,last of the ,incas4 ,the ,trail ,hunter4 ,the ,indian ,scout4 ,the ,gold-,seekers4 ,the ,red ,river ,half-,speed4 ,the ,border ,rifles4 ,the ,trappers of ,arkansas4 ,these are1 of course1 ,north ,american tales4 ,other ,north ,american tales are those of ,captain ,mayne ,reid1 which include-- ,the ,boy ,hunters4 ,the ,boy ,slaves4 ,bruin1 or ,the ,grand ,bear ,hunter4 ,the ,bush ,boys4 ,the ,castaways4 ,the ,white ,chief4 ,the ,desert ,home4 ,the ,forest ,exiles4 ,the ,giraffe ,hunters4 ,the ,headless ,horseman4 ,the ,rifle ,rangers4 ,the ,scalp ,hunters4 ,in this section belong the books of ,mr4 ,george ,bird ,grinnell1 author of ,jack in the ,rockies4 ,jack1 the ,young ,ranchman4 ,jack ,among the ,indians4 ,jack1 the ,young ,canoeman4 ,jack1 the ,young ,trapper4 ,also ,harold ,bindloss' ,the ,young ,traders4 ,and to this section belong also stories of the sea1 several of which have already been mentioned4 ,high among these are ,captain ,marryat's ,poor ,jack1 ,masterman ,ready1 together with many of his tales intended originally for older readers1 such as ,jacob ,faithful4 ,mr4 ,midshipman ,easy4 ,peter ,simple4 ,snarleyyow4 ,mr4 ,clark ,russell's stories3-- ,the ,wreck of the ,grosvenor4 ,the ,golden ,hope4 ,an ,ocean ,free-,lance4 ,the ,frozen ,pirate4 ,here also belong ,mr4 ,kipling's ,captains ,courageous1 and an old sea favorite-- ,two ,years ,before the ,mast ,by ,r4 ,h4 ,dana4 ,other good sea books1 not fiction3-- ,my ,first ,voyage ,by ,w4 ,stones4 ,the ,voyage of the ,sunbeam ,lady ,brassey4 ,the ,cruise of the ,cachalot ,f4 ,t4 ,bullen4 ,the ,cruise of the ,falcon ,e4 ,f4 ,knight4 ,historical ,stories for ,boys ,new historical stories are published in great numbers every year4 ,the most popular author of this kind of book for boys is ,mr4 ,g4 ,a4 ,henty1 among whose very numerous historical tales1 all good1 are-- ,at ,aboukir and ,acre4 ,at ,agincourt4 ,bonnie ,prince ,charlie4 ,by ,right of ,conquest4 ,the ,dash for ,khartoum4 ,in the ,reign of ,terror4 ,with ,moore at ,corunna4 ,the ,lion of ,st4 ,mark4 ,maori and ,settler4 ,st4 ,bartholomew's ,eve4 ,under ,drake's ,flag4 ,with ,clive in ,india4 ,with ,frederick the ,great4 ,with ,lee in ,virginia4 ,by ,rev4 ,a4 ,j4 ,church-- ,the ,chantry ,priest of ,barnet4 ,the ,count of the ,saxon ,shore4 ,stories from ,english ,history4 ,with the ,king at ,oxford4 ,other historical tales3-- ,stories from ,froissart ,by ,henry ,newbolt4 ,the ,scottish ,chiefs ,jane ,porter4 ,the ,children of the ,new ,forest ,captain ,marryat4 ,a ,monk of ,fife ,andrew ,lang4 ,grettir the ,outlaw ,baring ,gould4 ,the ,story of ,burnt ,njal ,sir ,george ,dasent4 ,lorna ,doone ,r4 ,d4 ,blackmore4 ,in ,old ,egypt ,h4 ,p4 ,mendes4 ,an ,island ,story ,h4 ,e4 ,marshall4 ,scotland's ,story ,by ,r4 ,l4 ,stevenson-- ,the ,black ,arrow4 ,kidnapped4 ,david ,balfour4 ,by ,charles ,kingsley-- ,hereward the ,wake4 ,westward ,ho6 ,by ,conan ,doyle-- ,micah ,clarke ,the ,white ,company4 ,the ,refugees4 ,by ,stanley ,j4 ,weyman-- ,the ,house of the ,wolf4 ,under the ,red ,robe4 ,the ,man in ,black4 ,a ,gentleman of ,france4 ,by ,mr4 ,andrew ,balfour-- ,by ,stroke of ,sword4 ,to ,arms6 ,by ,mark ,twain ,the ,prince and the ,pauper4 ,personal ,recollections of ,joan of ,arc4 ,there are also historical stories more particularly intended by their authors for grown-up readers1 but which boys and girls can1 however1 find quite interesting enough1 even if much has to be skipped4 ,first among these are ,sir ,walter ,scott's novels3-- ,ivanhoe4 ,kenilworth4 ,woodstock4 ,quentin ,durward4 ,rob ,roy4 ,the ,abbott4 ,the ,monastery4 ,the ,talisman4 ,other writers and books follow4 ,by ,alexandre ,dumas-- ,the ,three ,musketeers4 ,twenty ,years ,after4 ,the ,vicomte de ,brageleonne4 ,marguerite de ,valois4 ,chicot the ,jester4 ,the ,forty-five ,guardsmen4 ,by ,charles ,dickens-- ,barnaby ,rudge4 ,a ,tale of ,two ,cities4 ,by ,lord ,lytton-- ,rienzi4 ,harold4 ,the ,last of the ,barons4 ,the ,last ,days of ,pompeii4 ,animal ,books ,first among the animal books are ,mr4 ,kipling's two ,jungle ,books4 ,two other beast stories by ,mr4 ,kipling are ,moti ,guj1 ,mutineer1 the tale of a truant elephant1 which is in ,life's ,handicap and ,the ,maltese ,cat1 a splendid tale of a polo pony1 which is in ,the ,day's ,work4 ,next to these comes ,mr4 ,e4 ,thompson-,seton's ,wild ,animals ,i ,have ,known4 ,the lives of animals by themselves1 or by some one who knows everything about them1 are always favorite books with small readers4 ,among the best are these3-- ,black ,beauty 7the story of a horse7 ,by ,mrs4 ,sewell4 ,conrad the ,squirrel the author of ,wandering ,willie4 ,the ,story of the ,red ,deer ,j4 ,w4 ,fortescue4 ,every ,inch a ,king 7the story of a dog7 ,anon4 ,the ,lives of the ,hunted ,e4 ,thompson-,seton4 ,the ,trail of the ,sandhill ,stag ,the ,adventures of a ,siberian ,cub ,leon ,golschmann4 ,the ,autobiography of a ,grizzly4 ,e4 ,thompson-,seton4 ,the best tale of a bear is perhaps ,bret ,harte's ,baby ,sylvester1 which will be found in one of his volumes of short stories4 ,good animal stories are scattered about other collections of short stories4 ,in ,mr4 ,anstey's ,paleface and ,redskin are stories of dogs4 ,mr4 ,lang's ,red ,book of ,animal ,stories has both dogs and cats in it1 and many other creatures too4 ,here also should be placed ,mr4 ,warde ,fowler's ,tales of the ,birds4 ,other very popular animal books are ,mr4 ,joel ,chandler ,harris's ,nights with ,uncle ,remus1 ,uncle ,remus and ,brer ,rabbit 7largely illustrations71 ,mr4 ,rabbit at ,home1 and the same author has written also ,the ,story of ,aaron1 ,aaron in the ,wild ,woods1 which are stories not only of animals1 but of people too2 and here1 perhaps1 may be placed sop's ,fables4 ,wood ,magic ,by ,richard ,jefferies is an attempt to do for ,english wild life somewhat the same service that ,mr4 ,kipling performed for ,india4 ,other open air and animal books are3-- ,by the ,rev4 ,j4 ,g4 ,wood-- ,by ,back-yard ,zoo4 ,pet ,land revisited4 ,pet ,land ,a ,tour ,round ,my ,garden4 ,also ,curiosities of ,natural ,history ,by ,frank ,buckland4 ,white's ,selborne ,edited by ,frank ,buckland4 ,wanderings in ,south ,america ,by ,charles ,waterton4 ,wild ,traits in ,domestic ,animals ,louis ,robinson4 ,the ,voyage of the ,beagle ,charles ,darwin4 ,ants1 ,bees1 and ,wasps ,sir ,john ,lubbock4 7,lord ,avebury74 ,on the ,senses1 ,instincts1 and ,intelligence of ,animals ,bob1 ,son of ,battle ,a series of very interesting scientific books1 under the general title ,the ,romance of ,science1 is published by the ,society for ,promoting ,christian ,knowledge4 ,among these volumes are-- ,the ,making of ,flowers ,by ,professor ,henslow4 ,the ,birth and ,growth of ,worlds ,professor ,green4 ,spinning ,tops ,professor ,perry4 ,time and ,tide ,sir ,robert ,ball4 ,the same publishers also issue a series of ,natural ,history ,rambles1 including-- ,in ,search of ,minerals ,by ,d4 ,t4 ,ansted4 ,lane and ,field the ,rev ,j4 ,g4 ,wood4 ,ponds and ,ditches ,m4 ,c4 ,cooke4 ,underground ,j4 ,e4 ,taylor4 ,the ,woodlands ,m4 ,c4 ,cooke4 ,the ,sea-shore ,professor ,duncan4 ,there is also a new series1 called ,the ,wonder ,books of ,science1 of which ,the ,wonder ,book of ,volcanoes and ,earthquakes1 and ,the ,wonder ,book of the ,atmosphere are the first4 ,other good scientific yet very entertaining books3-- ,the ,fairyland of ,science ,by ,a4 ,b4 ,buckley4 ,through ,magic ,glasses ,life and ,her ,children ,the ,romance of the ,insect ,world ,miss ,l4 ,badenoch4 ,the ,ocean ,glaucus ,charles ,kingsley4 ,madam ,how and ,lady ,why ,the ,old ,red ,sandstone ,hugh ,miller4 ,the ,testimony of the ,rocks ,homes without ,hands ,rev4 ,j4 ,g4 ,wood4 ,sun1 ,moon1 and ,stars ,a4 ,giberne4 ,the ,story of the ,heavens ,sir ,robert ,ball4 ,other ,worlds than ,ours ,r4 ,a4 ,proctor4 ,the ,orbs around us ,the ,boys ,book of ,inventions ,r4 ,s4 ,baker4 ,extinct ,animals ,e4 ,ray ,lankester4 ,electricity for ,young ,people ,tudor ,jenks4 ,history ,a good deal of more or less truthful history will be found in the section given to historical tales 7see page #chj74 ,here follows a small list of more serious historical books which also are good reading3-- ,tales of a ,grandfather ,by ,sir ,walter ,scott4 ,stories from ,english ,history ,rev4 ,a4 ,j4 ,church4 ,lives of the ,queens of ,england ,agnes ,strickland4 ,cameos from ,english ,history 7several series7 ,c4 ,m4 ,younge4 ,stories from ,roman ,history ,mrs4 ,beesley4 ,deeds that ,won the ,empire ,w4 ,h4 ,fitchett4 ,fights for the ,flag ,books of ,travel ,it is not important that travel books should be written especially for young readers4 ,almost all records of travel contain some pages of interest1 whatever the remainder may be like4 ,the fact that a book describes wanderings in a far country is enough4 ,but the books by ,commander ,robert ,e4 ,peary and his wife deserve mention4 ,snowland ,folk4 ,the ,snow ,baby4 ,children of the ,arctic4 ,the ,treatment of ,library ,books ,on this page is given a copy of the book mark which a clergyman1 ,mr4 ,henry ,maxson1 prepared for the use of the readers in the children's section of a library in ,wisconsin4 ,,book ,,mark ,once upon a time a ,library ,book was overheard talking to a little boy who had just borrowed it4 ,the words seemed worth recording1 and here they are3-- ,please don't handle me with dirty hands4 ,i should feel ashamed to be seen when the next little boy borrowed me4 ,or leave me out in the rain4 ,books can catch cold as well as children4 ,or make marks on me with your pen or pencil4 ,it would spoil my looks4 ,or lean on me with your elbows when you are reading me4 ,it hurts4 ,or open me and lay me face down on the table4 ,you wouldn't like to be treated so4 ,or put in between my leaves a pencil or anything thicker than a single sheet of thin paper4 ,it would strain my back4 ,whenever you have finished reading me1 if you are afraid of losing your place1 don't turn down the corner of one of my leaves1 but have a neat little ,book ,mark to put in where you stopped1 and then close me and lay me down on my side1 so that ,i can have a good1 comfortable rest4 ,remember that ,i want to visit a great many other little boys after you have done with me4 ,besides1 ,i may meet you again some day1 and you would be sorry to see me looking old and torn and soiled4 ,help me to keep fresh and clean1 and ,i will help you to be happy4 ,,appendix ,in making a book of this kind1 it is impossible to think of all the things that ought to be mentioned4 ,every reader is certain to know of some game or pastime that has been left out4 ,in order that you may yourself bring this collection nearer completeness1 the following ,appendix of blank pages has been added4 ,some reference to everything that is written in the ,appendix ought to be made1 if only in pencil1 in both the body of the book and in the ,index4 ,,index ,a ,acrobatic impossibilities1 #cf ,acrobatics1 drawing-room1 #ce-da ,acrostics1 #ei ,acting initials1 #ig games1 #ig-aji proverbs1 #ig verbs 7,dumb ,crambo71 #ih ,adders1 #bab ,adhesive tape1 #bdc ,adventure1 stories of1 #cgf ,advertisements1 #ba ,almonds1 how to blanch1 #caj ,alphabet1 the cat1 #aff ,alphabet1 the love1 #hh1 #afe ,alphabet1 the ship1 #hg ,anemone1 #cbe ,angora rabbits1 #cdh ,animal1 vegetable and mineral1 #if ,animals1 books about1 #chb ,china1 #aib composite 7drawing game71 #ea invented 7drawing game71 #ed velvet1 #bhi ,annuals1 treatment of1 #cai-cbc ,ants1 #bac ,apple-snapping1 #f ,apprentice1 the1 #afg ,arm-chair 7model71 #bea ,aspidistra1 #cca ,auctioning prizes1 #dc ,autumn sowing of seedlings1 #cba ,avadavats1 #ceh ,b ,bag and stick1 #g ,balancing1 #ahg ,balancing tricks1 #abb ,ball games1 #aci wool1 #bhb ,ballad game1 the1 #acb ,balloon1 #ci ,barley ,sugar1 #cjg ,baths for birds1 #cee ,battledoor and shuttlecock1 #abi ,bead furniture for dolls' houses1 #bbc ,bead-work1 #bhc ,bean bags1 #aac ,bed boat1 the1 #ahi games1 #ahe-aic soldiers1 #aia thinking games for1 #ahi ,beds for dolls' houses1 #bbb matchbox1 #bca ,bedstead 7model71 #beb ,bees1 #bje ,belgian hares1 #cdi ,bicyclist1 the1 #cd ,biennials1 treatment of1 #cbb ,bingo1 #bg ,birds1 large and cage1 #cee-cff in the garden1 #cfc-cff ,birds'-nesting1 #bjg ,birthday1 the old maid's1 #ha ,blackberrying1 #bji ,blackbird1 the1 #cfj ,black man1 #aeh ,blacksmith1 the1 #bjf ,blenheim spaniels1 #cdg ,blind feeding the blind1 the1 #e ,blind games1 #c-e ,blind man's buff1 #c played with spoons1 #c ,blind man's wand1 #d ,blind worms1 #bab ,block city1 #ahh ,bloodhound1 the1 #cdg ,blowing eggs1 #bjg ,blowing out the candle1 #f ,boat1 a simple toy1 #bie ,boats1 paper1 #bhe on a stream1 #baa sailing1 #baj walnut shell1 #bih ,book mark1 #che ,books-- and bookshelves for a doll's house1 #bbd about animals1 #chb about boys1 #cgf of adventure1 #cgf about children1 #cgc of fairy tales1 #cgj historical1 #chj-chb1 #chd of poetry1 #cga about the sea1 #cgi of travel1 #che of legendary 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and1 #ee ,tit-tat-toe1 #agf ,toffee1 almond1 #caj ,everton1 #caj plain1 #cji ,tom ,tiddler's ground1 #abi ,tools for gardening1 #cah ,topsy-turvy concert1 the1 #aje ,touch last1 #aeb ,touchwood1 #aeb ,towel-rack1 cork1 #bcc 7model71 #bef ,town gardens1 #cbh ,towns and products1 #afh ,toy boats1 #bie dogs1 #cdg ,toys for boys1 #bib-cja ,tracing1 #bdd ,tracing pictures1 #bge ,train1 games to play in the1 #agc-aha ,transfers1 #bhh ,transplanting flowers1 #cbj ,travel1 books of1 #che ,traveller1 the1 #cd ,trees1 miniature1 #cca ,christmas1 #cjb ,tricks1 how to teach birds1 #cef balancing1 #abb how to teach dogs1 #cda drawing1 #ea thought-reading1 #ajj ,trout1 #cea ,trussed fowls1 #cg ,tug of war1 #ch ,tulips1 #cbe ,turtles1 #cea ,twenty questions1 #ahi ,twos and threes1 or ,terza1 #aed ,tying knots1 #aag ,u ,unison games1 #bf ,up ,jenkins1 #ah ,utensils1 kitchen1 #ah kitchen 7models71 #bdh for sweet-making1 #cjg ,v ,velvet animals1 #bhi ,verse and poetry books1 #cga ,w ,walking dolls1 #bei games to play when out1 #afc-agj ,walking ,spanish1 #ci ,wall-pockets1 #cah ,walnut fights1 #bii shell boats1 #bih ,wand1 blind man's1 #d ,wardrobe1 matchbox1 #bcc 7model71 #bec ,washing dogs1 #cdj sheep1 #bjf ,washstand1 #bcb 7model71 #bee ,watch1 games to be played with a1 #age ,water-cutters1 #cjj ,watering flowers1 #cah perennials1 #cbd seedlings1 #cbj window boxes1 #ccd window plants1 #ccj ,wax-bills1 #ceh ,weeds1 #cba ,welsh terrier1 the1 #cdc ,wet clothes1 #aig ,wheat1 #ccb ,when my ship comes in1 #hg ,whist1 railway1 #agd ,whist1 roadside1 #afc ,whistle1 the1 #h ,whistles1 #cja ,wiggles1 #di ,wild birds1 feeding the1 #cfa rabbits1 #cdh ,window boxes1 #cbi1 #ced plants1 #cbi ,windows1 shop1 #afd ,witches1 #aca ,wool balls1 #bhb demons1 #bhb ,word-making1 #agh ,writing games1 #ei-gb ,y ,yellow bunting1 #cfj ,yes and no games1 #id-if ,a ,list of ,standard ,books for ,children ,published by ,frederick ,a4 ,stokes ,company ,books ,for ,older ,children ,bindloss1 ,harold ,,the ,,young ,,traders4 ,illustrated1 #abmo1 cloth #a4ej ,a capital story of two boys in ,west ,africa4 ,crockett1 ,s4 ,r4 ,,the ,,surprising ,,adventures ,,of ,,sir ,,toady ,,lion4 ,illustrated1 #abmo1 cloth4 #a4jj ,,sir ,,toady ,,crusoe4 ,illustrated4 ,large #abmo1 cloth #a4be ,the adventures of two boys and a girl on the ,scottish coast4 ,,sweetheart ,,travellers4 ,illustrated1 #abmo1 cloth #a4jj ,fine ,art ,juveniles ,children's classics in artistic form4 ,beautifully illustrated4 ,each #hvo1 cloth #a4ej #a4 ,,old ,,fashioned ,,tales4 ,e4 ,v4 ,lucas4 #b4 ,,the ,,original ,,poems ,,and ,,others4 ,ann and ,jane ,taylor4 #c4 ,,tales ,,from ,,maria ,,edgeworth4 #d4 ,,tales ,,of ,,the ,,canterbury ,,pilgrims4 ,f4 ,j4 ,h4 ,darton4 #e4 ,,fairy ,,tales ,,from ,,grimm4 #f4 ,,fairy ,,tales ,,from ,,hans ,,andersen4 #g4 ,,stories ,,from ,,the ,,faerie ,,queen4 ,mary ,macleod4 #h4 ,,the ,,book ,,of ,,king ,,arthur1 ,mary ,macleod4 #i4 ,,the ,,fairchild ,,family4 ,mrs4 ,sherwood4 #aj4 ,,national ,,rhymes ,,of ,,the ,,nursery4 #aa4 ,,forgotten ,,stories ,,of ,,long ,,ago4 ,e4 ,y4 ,lucas4 #ab4 ,,ballads ,,in ,,prose4 ,mary ,macleod4 #ac4 ,,another ,,book ,,of ,,verses ,,for ,,children4 ,e4 ,v4 ,lucas4 #ad4 ,,the ,,wonder ,,book ,,of ,,old ,,romance4 ,f4 ,j4 ,h4 ,darton4 ,grinell1 ,george ,bird ,the ,jack ,books4 ,illustrated4 ,each #abmo1 cloth #a4be ,good books for boys1 full of hunting1 adventure and natural history4 ,,jack ,,the ,,young ,,ranchman4 ,,jack ,,among ,,the ,,indians4 ,,jack ,,in ,,the ,,rockies4 ,,jack ,,the ,,young ,,canoeman4 ,,jack ,,the ,,young ,,trapper4 ,grinnell ,morton ,,neighbors ,,of ,,field1 ,,wood1 ,,and ,,stream4 ,illustrated1 #abmo1 cloth #a4be ,an account of wild creatures not far from civilization4 ,houston1 ,edwin ,j4 ,,the ,,wonder ,,books ,,of ,,science4 ,illustrated4 ,each #abmo1 cloth #a4ej ,the wonders of nature described and simply explained by a scientist4 ,,the ,,wonder ,,book ,,of ,,volcanoes ,,and ,,earthquakes4 ,,the ,,wonder ,,book ,,of ,,the ,,atmosphere4 ,jenks1 ,tudor ,,electricity ,,for ,,young ,,people4 ,illustrated1 #abmo1 cloth net1 #a4ej ,the story of the progress of electricity from the earliest times4 ,lounsberry1 ,alice ,,the ,,wild ,,flower ,,book ,,for ,,young ,,people4 ,illustrated1 #abmo1 cloth net1 #a4ej ,a story of the lives of wild flowers4 ,marshall1 ,h4 ,e4 ,,an ,,island ,,story4 ,illustrated in color4 ,large #hvo1 cloth net1 #b4ej ,a child's history of ,england4 ,,scotland',s ,,story4 ,illustrated in color4 ,large #hvo1 cloth net1 #b4ej ,stirring events in ,scottish history4 ,moore1 ,n4 ,hudson ,,deeds ,,of ,,daring ,,done ,,by ,,girls4 ,illustrated in color1 #abmo1 cloth #a4ej ,examples of heroism of girls under twenty4 ,nesbit1 ,e4 ,,the ,,treasure ,,seekers4 ,illustrated1 #abmo1 cloth #a4ej ,by the author of ,,the ,,wouldbegoods4 ,,the ,,new ,,treasure ,,seekers4 ,illustrated1 #abmo1 cloth #a4ej ,further adventures of the fascinating ,bastable children4 ,perkins1 ,lucy ,f4 ,,the ,,dandelion ,,classics ,,for ,,children4 ,illustrated in color4 ,each #dto1 cloth #a4ej ,a uniform edition of children's classics1 splendidly illustrated4 ,,robin ,,hood4 ,,midsummer ,,night',s ,,dream ,,for ,,young-,,people4 ,,the ,,twenty ,,best ,,fairy ,,tales4 ,sage1 ,agnes ,c4 ,a ,,little ,,colonial ,,dame4 ,illustrated1 #dto1 cloth #a4ej ,same1 boards #a4jj ,the story of a girl in old ,new ,york4 ,a ,,little ,,daughter ,,of ,,the ,,revolution4 ,illustrated1 #dto1 cloth #a4ej ,same1 boards #a4jj ,child-life during the exciting period of the ,war for ,independence4 ,steedman1 ,c4 ,m4 ,a ,,child',s ,,life ,,of ,,jesus4 ,illustrated in color1 #hvo1 cloth1 #c4jj ,thumb-o-,graph ,series ,,thumb-,o-,,graphs4 #afmo1 cloth1 net1 4#ej2 ,leather1 boxed1 net1 #a4jj2 ,gilt1 leather1 boxed net1 #a4ej ,,ghosts ,,of ,,my ,,friends4 #afmo1 cloth1 net1 4#ej2 ,leather1 boxed net1 #a4jj ,,the ,,book ,,of ,,butterflies4 #abmo1 cloth1 boxed net1 #a4jj ,,noughts ,,and ,,crosses4 #afmo1 cloth net1 4#ej ,,hand-,o-,,graphs4 #dto1 cloth net1 #a4jj ,books ,for ,children ,from ,ten to ,fifteen ,years of ,age ,ault1 ,lena and ,norman ,,the ,,podgy ,,book ,,of ,,tales4 ,illustrated in color1 #afmo1 cloth #a4jj ,full of jolly stories about happenings in the nursery and garden4 ,bedford1 ,francis ,d4 ,a ,,night ,,of ,,wonders4 ,illustrated in color4 ,oblong1 #afmo1 cloth #a4jj ,the story of a hunt for ,father ,christmas4 ,carroll1 ,lewis ,,alice ,,in ,,wonderland4 ,illustrated in color1 #hvo1 cloth1 #a4ej ,contains the original ,tenniel drawings1 beside twelve new ones in color by ,maria ,l4 ,kirk4 ,,through ,,the ,,looking ,,glass4 ,illustrated in color1 #hvo1 cloth #a4ej ,also has illustrations by ,miss ,kirk as well as the ,tenniel drawings4 ,children's ,library1 ,the ,illustrated4 ,each #afmo1 cloth 4#ej ,stories of all kinds interesting to children4 ,,the ,,would-,,be ,,witch4 ,miriam ,byrne4 ,,two ,,are ,,company4 ,e4 ,m4 ,field4 ,,the ,,old ,,oak ,,chest4 ,,mary ,,jane ,,papers4 ,a4 ,g4 ,plympton4 ,,courage4 ,ruth ,ogden4 ,,little ,,homespun4 ,ruth ,ogden4 ,,tommy',s ,,tiny ,,tales4 ,lady ,leigh4 ,,the ,,house ,,of ,,the ,,red ,,fox4 ,miriam ,byrne4 ,cooke1 ,grace ,mac,gowan ,,son ,,riley ,,rabbit ,,and ,,little ,,girl4 ,illustrated1 #dto1 cloth #a4ej ,the adventures of a little girl and a rabbit1 with excellent photographs4 ,dumas1 ,alexandre ,,fairy ,,tales4 ,illustrated1 #dto1 cloth #a4jj ,dunham1 ,edith ,,jogging ,,round ,,the ,,world4 #dto1 cloth #a4ej ,with photographs of curious methods of transportation4 ,glen1 ,m4 ,a4 ,,twelve ,,magic ,,changelings4 ,cut-outs in color1 #dto1 boards1 4#ge2 paper 4#ej ,,magic ,,changelings4 ,cut-outs in color1 #dto1 boards 4#ej ,,mirthful ,,menagerie4 ,cut-outs in color1 #dto1 boards 4#ej ,,agile ,,acrobats4 ,cut-outs in color4 #dto1 boards 4#ce ,harris1 ,joel ,chandler ,,uncle ,,remus ,,and ,,bre',r ,,rabbit4 ,illustrations in color4 ,oblong1 #dto1 boards #a4jj ,some of ,bre'r ,rabbit's most amusing adventures told in stories1 verses and pictures4 ,jewett1 ,j4 ,h4 ,,bunny ,,stories4 ,illustrated1 #dto1 boards #a4jj ,same1 cloth #a4ej ,,more ,,bunny ,,stories4 ,illustrated1 #dto1 boards #a4jj ,same1 cloth #a4ej ,mendes1 ,h4 ,p4 ,,in ,,old ,,egypt4 ,illustrated1 #dto1 cloth #a4jj ,moore1 ,n4 ,hudson ,,children ,,of ,,other ,,days4 ,illustrated1 #dto1 cloth #a4ej ,an art book for children1 giving reproductions of famous paintings of children4 ,ogden1 ,ruth ,a ,,little ,,queen ,,of ,,hearts4 ,illustrated1 #dto1 boards #a4jj ,same1 cloth #a4ej ,the account of the visit of a little ,american girl to ,england4 ,a ,,loyal ,,little ,,red ,,coat4 ,illustrated1 #dto1 boards #a4jj ,same1 cloth #a4ej ,a story of a child in ,new ,york one hundred years ago4 ,,loyal ,,hearts ,,and ,,true4 ,illustrated1 #abmo1 cloth #a4jj ,how ,the ,dry ,dock ,club showed its patriotic spirit during the war with ,spain4 ,outcault1 ,r4 ,f4 ,,buster ,,brown',s ,,autobiography4 ,illustrated in color1 #dto1 cloth #a4ej ,with many new adventures4 ,,buster',s ,,and ,,mary ,,jane',s ,,painting ,,book4 ,oblong1 #dto1 boards 4#ge ,pictures to be colored1 some with colored models4 ,,tige3 ,,his ,,story4 ,illustrated1 #dto1 cloth #a4jj ,tige's adventures1 with some of ,buster's4 ,,buster ,,brown ,,abroad4 ,illustrated1 #dto1 cloth #a4jj ,what ,buster did in foreign lands4 ,peary1 ,josephine ,d4 ,,the ,,snow ,,baby4 ,illustrated1 #dto1 cloth net1 #a4bj ,the birth and infancy of ,marie ,ahnighito ,peary1 illustrated by photographs taken by her parents in the far ,north4 ,peary1 ,marie ,ahnighito and ,josephine ,d4 ,,children ,,of ,,the ,,arctic4 ,illustrated1 #dto1 cloth net1 #a4bj ,the ,snow ,baby's second trip to the ,arctic4 ,peary1 ,robert ,e4 ,,snowland ,,folk4 ,illustrated1 #dto1 cloth net1 #a4bj ,true stories about the fascinating land of eternal snow4 ,randolph1 ,h4 ,s4 ,f4 ,,the ,,new ,,mother ,,goose4 ,with cut-out illustrations in color1 #dto1 boards #a4jj ,an illustrated story remains after removal of the cut-outs4 ,,the ,,fire ,,fighters4 ,with cut-out illustrations in color1 #dto1 boards #a4jj ,story with models of fire engine1 hook and ladder1 etc41 in drawings and cut-outs4 ,selous1 ,edmund ,,tommy ,,smith',s ,,animals4 ,illustrated1 #afmo1 cloth #a4jj ,,tommy ,,smith',s ,,other ,,animals4 ,illustrated1 #afmo1 cloth #a4jj ,conversations of a little boy with the common country animals4 ,williams1 ,clara ,andrew ,,the ,,house ,,that ,,glue ,,built4 ,cut-out pictures in color4 ,oblong1 #dto1 boards #a4jj ,pictures of the rooms of a house with separate sheets giving the furniture1 to be pasted into place4 ,,the ,,fun ,,that ,,glue ,,made4 ,cut-out pictures in color4 ,oblong1 #dto1 boards #a4jj ,scenes in bright colors of children at play1 to be pasted together4 ,,the ,,stories ,,that ,,glue ,,told4 ,cut-out pictures in color4 ,oblong1 #dto1 boards #a4jj ,pictures of well-known stories to be cut out and pasted together4 ,books ,for ,very ,young ,children ,betts1 ,ethel ,franklin ,,favorite ,,nursery ,,rhymes4 ,illustrated in color1 #dto1 cloth #a4ej ,the most popular nursery rhymes beautifully illustrated4 ,burgess1 ,gelett ,,goops ,,and ,,how ,,to ,,be ,,them4 ,illustrated1 #dto1 cloth #a4ej ,the primary rules of good manners in clever rhymes4 ,,more ,,goops ,,and ,,how ,,not ,,to ,,be ,,them4 ,illustrated1 #dto1 cloth #a4ej ,with many more of ,mr4 ,burgess's whimsical pictures4 ,,goop ,,tales1 ,,alphabetically ,,told4 ,illustrated1 #dto1 cloth #a4ej ,two alphabets--one of boys and one of girls4 ,,the ,,lively ,,city ,o' ,,ligg4 ,illustrated in color1 #dto1 boards #a4jj ,modern fables--a ,hans ,andersen up to date4 ,,the ,,burgess ,,nonsense ,,book4 ,illustrated4 ,small #dto1 cloth #b4jj ,a collection of ,mr4 ,burgess's nonsense verses and stories4 ,deming1 ,e4 ,w4 ,,red ,,folk ,,and ,,wild ,,folk4 ,illustrated in color1 #dto1 cloth net1 #a4ej ,little ,indian people in the forest1 with their animal playfellows4 ,,children ,,of ,,the ,,wild4 ,illustrated in color1 #dto1 cloth net1 #a4jj ,,little ,,brothers ,,of ,,the ,,west4 ,illustrated in color1 #dto1 cloth net1 #a4jj ,each of these books contains just half the pictures and text of ,red ,folk and ,wild ,folk4 ,,indian ,,child ,,life4 ,illustrated in color4 ,oblong1 #dto1 boards #b4jj ,stories about ,indian children4 ,,little ,,red ,,people4 ,illustrated in color4 ,oblong1 #dto1 boards #a4be ,,little ,,indian ,,folk4 ,illustrated in color4 ,oblong1 #dto1 boards #a4be ,each containing just half the illustrations and text in the preceding volume4 ,dumpy ,books for ,children ,illustrated in color4 ,each #cbmo1 boards 4#ej ,simple stories for very young children4 ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,the ,,teasing ,,monkey4 ,helen ,bannerman4 ,,billy ,,mouse4 ,arthur ,layard4 ,,pat ,,and ,,the ,,spider4 ,helen ,bannerman4 ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,little ,,kettle ,,head4 ,helen ,bannerman4 ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,little ,,black ,,quibba4 ,helen ,bannerman4 ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,little ,,black ,,sambo4 ,helen ,bannerman4 ,,the ,,bad ,,mrs4 ,,ginger4 ,honor ,c4 ,appleton4 ,,the ,,alphabet ,,book4 ,henry ,mayer4 ,a ,,cat ,,book4 ,e4 ,v4 ,lucas and ,h4 ,c4 ,smith4 ,haines1 ,alice ,calhoun ,,little ,,folk ,,of ,,brittany4 ,illustrated in color1 #dto1 cloth #a4ej ,delightful stories and verses about this remarkable land4 ,,indian ,,boys ,,and ,,girls4 ,illustrated in color1 #dto1 cloth #a4ej ,indian children in characteristic occupations4 ,,when ,,grandma ,,was ,,little4 ,illustrated in color1 #dto1 cloth #a4jj ,,what ,,grandma ,,says4 ,illustrated in color1 #dto1 cloth #a4jj ,stories and verses in which things happen as ,grandma says they used to4 ,,boys4 ,illustrated in color4 ,large #dto1 boards #a4jj ,,girls4 ,illustrated in color4 ,large #dto1 boards #a4jj ,distinctive and beautiful stories and verses of child life4 ,,little ,,japs ,,at ,,play4 ,illustrated in color4 ,large #dto1 boards #a4jj ,,transcriber',s ,,notes #a4 ,passages in italics are surrounded by underscores4 #b4 ,images have been moved from the middle of a paragraph to the closest paragraph break4 #c4 ,some of the full-page illustrations listed in the ,illustrations are missing4 #d4 ,the use of periods is not consistent in the original text4 ,obvious errors have been silently corrected4 #e4 ,the following misprints have been corrected3 ,comma added at end of verse line the powder 7page #ca7 ,period removed in sentence three's1 thus4 one 7page #abb7 hocky corrected to hockey 7page #aci7 payments corrected to pavements 7page #ade7 hankerchief corrected to handkerchief 7,img #agd7 ,train corrected to ,twain 7,img #cha7 ,eoy corrected to ,roy 7,img #cha7 ,thomson-,seton corrected to ,thompson-,seton 7,img #chb7 ,fin corrected to ,finn 7,img #cib7 ,missing page no4 #bjd added for ,feeding chickens entry 7page #dja7 #f4 ,other than the corrections listed above1 printer's inconsistencies in spelling1 punctuation1 hyphenation1 and ligature usage have been retained4