f ! ,google ,pr9t project47 ,,on ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,?\ght1 ,,or ,,! ,,act ,,( ,,?9k+1 ,,& ,,its ,,connexion ,,) ,a ,,p]spicu\s ,,s5t5ce4 ,,by ,,john ,,haslam1 ,m4,d4 ,,late ,,( ,,pembroke ,,hall1 ,,cambridge1 ,,& ,,au?or ,,( ,,_m ,,works ,,on ,,?is ,,subject ,,( ,,insanity4 ,london3 ,pr9t$ by ,g4 ,,hayd51 ,little ,college ,/reet1 ,we/m9/]1 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,longman1 ,,rees1 ,,orme1 ,,br[n1 ,,gre5 ,,longman1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[4 #ahce4 ,,price ,,two ,,%ill+s4 ,polonius--,:at d y read1 my ,"l8 ,hamlet--,words1 words1 words4--,act #b;d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mephi/opheles4 ,im ,ganz5--haltet eu* an ,worte6 ,dann geht ihr dur* die si*]e ,p=te ,zum ,tempel d] ,gewis%eit e94 ,,s*ul]4 ,do* e9 ,begriff muss bey dem ,worte seyn4 ,,mephi/opheles4 ,s*on gut6 nur muss man si* ni*t allzu ng/li* qul51 ,d5n eb5 wo ,begriffe fehl51 ,da /ellt e9 ,wort zur re*t5 zeit si* e94 ,mit ,wort5 ls/ si* treffli* /reit51 ,mit ,wort5 e9 ,sy/em b]eit54 ,an ,w]te ls/ si* treffli* glaub51 ,von e9em ,wort ls/ si* ke9 ,iota raub54--,g!'s ,fau/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,& :5 ,i h enum]at$ ^!1 ,i imag9e ,i h compreh5d$ almo/ e ?+ :i* c ent] into ! composition ( ! intellectual life ( man4 ,) ! s+le exception ( reason1 7& reason c sc>cely op]ate )\t ! int]v5tion ( language17 is !re any ?+ m important to man1 m peculi> to him1 or m insep>able f 8 nature ?an spee*8 ,nature inde$ c\ld n h be/[$ on u a gift m preci\s ?an ! human voice1 :i*1 possess+ s\nds = ! expression ( e feel+1 & be+ capable ( di/9ctions z m9ute1 & comb9ations z intricate z ! mo/ complex in/rum5t ( music2 is ?us enabl$ to furni% mat]ials s admirable = ! =mation ( artificial language4 ,! greate/ & mo/ important discov]y ( human +5uity is writ+2 !re is no impiety 9 say+1 t x 0 sc>cely 9 ! p[] ( ! ,deity to conf] on man a m glori\s pres5t ?an ,,language1 by ! m$ium ( :i*1 he himself has be5 reveal$ to u1 & :i* af=ds at once ! /ronge/ bond ( union1 & ! be/ in/rum5t ( communication4 ,s insep>able inde$ are m9d & language1 s id5tically "o are ?\ght & spee*1 t al?\gh we mu/ always hold reason to be ! great *>act]i/ic & peculi> attribute ( man1 yet language also1 :5 we reg>d its orig9al object & intr9sic dignity1 is well intitl$ to be consid]$ z a compon5t "p ( ! intellectual /ructure ( our be+4 ,& al?\gh1 9 /rict application1 & rigid expression1 ?\ght & spee* always are1 & always mu/ be1 reg>d$ z two ?+s metaphysically di/9ct1--yet !re only c we f9d ^! two elem5ts 9 disunion1 :]e "o or bo? h be5 employ$ imp]fectly or amiss4 ,nay1 su* is ! effect ( ! orig9al unity or id5tity t1 9 _! mo/ ext5sive v>ieties ( application1 !y c nev] be totally disunit$1 b mu/ always rema9 insep>able1 & e :]e be ex]t$ 9 comb9ation4--,fr$]ick ,s*legel's ,lectures on ! ,hi/ory ( ,lit]ature1 7,engli% ,translation1 #ahah17 page #aa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,to ,,mrs4 ,,hunt]1 ,,dundee4 ,my de>e/ ,daught]1 ,?is ,essay on ,,?\ght is appropriately d$icat$ to a lady ( :om ,i am con/antly ?9k+3--^: dutiful conduct1 & filial affection1 h r5d]$ a protract$ life ! subject ( consolation1 "u all its cont+5t mis]ies4 #cc1 ,great ,ormond ,/reet1 ,june #ahce4 ,,on ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,?\ght1 c4 c4 c4 ,9 our survey ( ! ,creation end[$ ) life & intellect1 we are impell$ to ! conclusion1 t ! human m9d is1 beyond all comp>ison1 ! mo/ p]fect specim5 t ! ,div9e ,au?or has *os5 to allot to 8 creatures4 ,! hi/ory ( our species unfolds ! spl5did catalogue ( man's a*ievem5ts3 _m monum5ts1 re>$ by 8 patriotism & piety1 & elaborat$ by 8 ta/eful +5uity1 t h resi/$ ! corrosions ( "t1 & ! spoliations ( conque/1 rema9 9 our possession3 & we /ill pres]ve ^? intellectual treasures t embalm ! poetry1 ! eloqu5ce1 & ! wisdom ( ! enlight5$ nations ( antiquity4 ,^! are1 des]v$ly1 ! models we h endeav\r$ to imitate1 & !y h ev5 be5 consid]$ ! b\nd>ies ( atta9m5t3 b a new epo* has aris51 di/+ui%$ = ! cultivation ( t :i* t5ds to ultimate advantage1 :]e ! m9d1 confid+ 9 its native en]gies1 & ex]cis+ its own ?\ght on human affairs1 has be5 less dispos$ to submit to ! dictates ( au?ority4 ,at ?is p]iod we possess abundant facilities = ! acquirem5t ( valuable k3 "u ?is sy/em1 ! m5tal faculties h be5 direct$ to _! prop] objects1 & ! "t consum$ 9 tea*+ has be5 consid]ably abbreviat$4 ,?is abridgem5t ( ! usual c\rse ( education has conduc$ to ! neglect ( t classical le>n+1 :i* requir$ a pa9ful & endur+ att5tion1 ev5 = _m ye>s1 to two languages t h ceas$ to be spok51 & are only address$ to ! eye 9 writt5 "*4 ,x is 9 no mann] int5d$ to "u-rate ! value ( classical lit]ature1 ! con/itu5t ( a s*ol>1 & ! passport & ornam5t ( a g5tleman2 b to introduce a v probable op9ion1 t few ( ^? :o h devot$ _m ( ! mo/ productive ye>s ( _! exi/5ce to ! ,greek & ,lat9 writ]s1 ev] atta9 a critical k ( ^? tongues3 & t ! sub/ance ( morals1 wisdom1 & ev5 ! elegant turns ( expression1 may be m c]ta9ly convey$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! be/ translations1 :i* we n[ possess1 & ! p]=mance ( :i* has occupi$ a l>ge portion ( ! "t ( accompli%$ s*ol>s4 ,?is conv]sion ( tal5t to t :i* is useful1 & productive ( emolum5t1 has giv5 a m en]getic impulse to ! m9d1 & accel]at$ t m>* ( :i* we n[ s ju/ly boa/3 b x _c be d5i$1 t 9 ! rapidity ( our advancem5t1 & flu%$ ) ! ard5t hope ( arriv+ at our de/9ation1 we h be/[$ b little notice on ! ma*9]y t urg$ u =w>ds1 or contemplat$ ! sc5]y ?r\gh :i* we pass$4 ,mo/ p]sons concur t ! human m9d is ! noble/ subject ( inve/igation2 b few w be at ! tr\ble ( und]tak+ its analysis4 ,) ! multitude !re is nei!r leisure nor incl9ation1 & ! doctr9es t h be5 dictat$ conc]n+ our intellectual faculties & _! op]ations1 h t5d$ r to /ifle ?an to promote inquiry4 ,x is !re=e unnecess>y to enum]ate ! catalogue ( illu/ri\s names ^: contradictory sy/ems h creat$ suspicion & di/a/e 9 ! /ud5t4 ,! sci5ce t has be5 improp]ly t]m$ ,metaphysics1 ought to be consid]$ a bran* ( human physiology1 n ab/ract$ f1 b 9 ?is /ate ( exi/5ce1 connect$ ) ! ph5om5a ( life4 ,! citations on ! rev]se ( ! ,title-page1 to :i* _m m might h be5 add$1 cle>ly %ew t ! doctr9e ( words be+ ! elem5ts ( ,?\ght1 did n orig9ate f my own conjecture or inf]5ce1 &1 consequ5tly1 t ! endeav\r to inve/igate its tru? has be5 ! sole object ( my rese>*2 "u ! p]suasion t1 if ideas 7 inadequate1 words only rema9$ to af=d ! solution ( ?is important process4 ,! necess>y connexion ( ?\ght ) ! con/ruction ( a p]spicu\s s5t5ce1 has n1 to my k1 be5 previ\sly notic$4 ,we are said to ,,?9k on c]ta9 subjects1 & ?is process is confess$ to require an int5se ex]tion ( our intellectual faculties3 b = ?is op]ation1 ! mat]ials h n be5 cle>ly specifi$1 nor ! mann] ( ! elaboration def9$4 ,x has be5 held1 t our ?\ghts are produc$ by "s my/]i\s assemblage & arrangem5t ( ,,ideas1 :i* ! m9d or s\l p]=ms by a dext]\s & imp]ceptible contrivance2 al?\gh we are consci\s ( all our acts ( intellig5ce1 & on a mom5t's consid]ation x w be evid5t1 t su* intellig5ce w\ld be useless )\t our consci\sness4 ,mr4 ,,locke1 ^: "n c nev] be m5tion$ )\t a grateful recollection = ! in/ruction he has af=d$ u1 & = ! c&\r ) :i* he has record$ ! difficulties t ob/ruct$ ! progress ( 8 inquiries1 has employ$ ?is ideal sy/em mo/ ext5sively3 b x is evid5t1 t he felt ! obscurity ( 8 own def9ition4 ,9 8 ,introduction to ! ,essay1 p4 #e1 #f? edition1 he says1 ,be=e ,i proce$ on :at ,i h ?\ght on ?is subject1 ,i mu/ "h 9 ! entrance beg p>don ( my read]1 = ! frequ5t use ( ! ^w ,idea1 :i* he w f9d 9 ! foll[+ ,treatise4 ,x be+ t t]m :i*1 ,i ?9k1 s]ves be/ to /& = :atsoev] is ! object ( ! und]/&+1 :5 a man ?9ks4 ,i h us$ x to express :atev] is meant by ,phantasm1 ,notion1 ,species1 ,,or ,,:atev] ,,x ,,is1 :i* ! m9d c be employ$ ab\t 9 ?9k+2 & ,i c\ld n avoid frequ5tly us+ x4 ,dr4 ,,reid foll[s ne>ly 9 ! same track3--,x is a fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ! ,ideal sy/em1 t e object ( ?\ght1 mu/ be an impression or an ,idea1 t is1 a fa9t copy ( "s prec$+ impression4--,inquiry into ! ,human ,m9d on ! ,pr9ciples ( ,common ,s5se1 #agfe1 p4 #da4 ,! doctr9e ( ,innate ,ideas hav+ be5 des]v$ly explod$1 x foll[s t ^! ,ideas mu/ be d]iv$ f our int]c\rse ) ! _w we inhabit4 ,= ?is purpose we are furni%$ ) five s5ses1 f ea* ( :i* we obta9 a sep>ate & diff]5t k9d ( intellig5ce1 :i* is d5om9at$ ,p]ception4 ,! p]ceptions ( ! ,eye1 "u an att5tive inspection1 leave on ! ,s5sorium a phantasm or ,idea ( ! object1 a vivid memorial ( t :i* has be5 p]ceiv$2 b ! o!r s5ses d n convey any simil> phantasm4#a ,! doctr9e ( ,ideas appe>s to h be5 c\nt5anc$1 & reconcil$ "u all its difficulties1 f a presum$ spiritual op]ation & guidance 9 ! act ( ?9k+1 & especially to an implacable av]sion to any explanation t might be deem$ to sav\r ( mat]ialism4 ,?is t]m1 ! d5unciation ( ! pi\s1 ! conv5i5t obloquy ( ! ignorant1 be+ equal 9 its sweep+ p]secution1 to ! horrible ^w crav51 dem&s a brief & mode/ exposition4 ,t we exi/ 9 a mat]ial _w1 w sc>cely be d5i$1 & x is a fair inf]5ce1 t ! annihilation ( matt] w\ld involve our globe & its inhabitants 9 equal de/ruction4 ,( ?is matt]1 ! conc5trat$ p[] ( man _c create nor ext]m9ate a s+le atom4 ,! human body is a mat]ial fabric3 ! bra9 & n]ves1 toge!r ) ^? delicate organs t are ! in/rum5ts ( our p]ceptions1--:]eby we receive light1 detect fragrance1 appreh5d s\nds1 reli% vi&s1 & enjoy ! gratifications ( contact1 are all ( mat]ial /ructure3 & :5 t /ate1 call$ ,dea?1 has ensu$1 _! (fices cease1 & !y und]go ! decompositions to :i* all animal matt] is subject$4 ,! ,capacities1 by :i* we feel1 exp]i5ce pleasure & pa91 p]ceive1 rememb]1 ex]cise volition1 & become consci\s1 may be t]m$ ,spiritual1 or if x be pref]r$1 ,div9e end[m5ts2 & x is n probable t we %all ev] detect ! imm$iate ag5cy by :i* ^! op]ations are p]=m$4 ,! /ate ( ,life1 ! indisp5sable m$ium = ! display ( ! ph5om5a ( intellig5ce 9 our pres5t condition ( exi/5ce1 is equally inscrutable by human sagacity1 al?\gh diff]5t hypo!ses h be5 adv5tur$ = its solution4 ,to acc\nt = ! h>moni\s concurr5ce ( motions & processes t di/+ui% liv+ animals1 a ,,matt] ,,( ,,life has be5 suppos$1 & its nature conjectur$ to be "s modification#b ( electricity or galvanism1 & :i* be+ unsupport$1 is n des]v+ ( fur!r comm5t4 ,ano!r sect ( physiologi/s has conceiv$ t life is ! imm$iate result ( a p>ticul> organization2 b !y are unable to demon/rate t any arrangem5t ( p>ts is consequ5tly end[$ ) vital actions4 ,?is arrangem5t ( p>ticul> tissues1 may be absolutely necess>y = ! p]=mance ( v>i\s functions 9 ! liv+ /ate3 b ?is is altoge!r diff]5t f ! en]gy or cause t excites ! action4 ,a viol9 & its b[ are prep>$ to disc\rse mo/ excell5t music1 yet !y are mute until guid$ by ! skilful h&s ( ! p]=m]4 ,:5 dea? ensues f _m diseases1 ! organization rema9s1 = )\t ?is concession our anatomical k mu/ be v imp]fect4 ,?us ! nature ( life1 :e!r x be develop$ 9 ! vegetable creation1 or display its admirable complications 9 ! high] animals1 is inexplicable on any ( ! pr9ciples t regulate our philosophy1 & c only be ref]r$ to ! contrivance & disposition ( inf9ite wisdom3 yet ! vehicle 9 :i* ^! /up5d\s op]ations are conduct$ owns a mat]ial basis3 ev5 ! confus$ mass t composes ! e>? we tread on possesses c]ta9 intr9sic prop]ties4 ,e atom is subject$ to def9ite regulation1 & )\t exagg]ation1 may be consid]$ end[$ ) in/9ctive t5d5cy to coalesce or disunite "u fav\rable opportunities1 & ! correct obs]vation ( ^! habitudes1 con/itutes ! f\ndations ( *emical sci5ce4 ,:5 ! p[] & intellig5ce ( ! supreme ,artific] is conspicu\s 9 ! ultimate p>ticles ( matt]1 we ought to be m temp]ate 9 our invectives aga9/ ! doctr9e ( mat]ialism4 ,ideas h be5 g5]ally employ$1 & held compet5t1 by _m ( ! tribe ( metaphysicians1 to expla9 ! ph5om5a & op]ations ( our intellectual nature3 b !y h fail$ 9 ! attempt4 ,!y h endeav\r$ to conf] on !m an ag5cy !y d n possess1 & h giv5 ! m9d a dom9ion ov] !m t x _c ex]t4#c ,ideas are ! memorial phantasms ( visual p]ception1 a l>gess be/[$1 p]haps exclusively1 on ! s5se ( sight1 & ?is b\nty contributes ess5tially to ! acquirem5t & ret5tion ( k4 ,!y are ! unfad+ transcripts ( vision1 & !y exhibit ! orig9al picture to ! retrospect ( memory4 ,!y are b little "u ! imm$iate direction ( ! w1 & _c be arbitr>ily summon$ or dismiss$1 b owe _! introduction to a diff]5t s\rce1 to be expla9$ h]eaft]4 ,!y p]=m important (fices1 al?\gh !y are n ! mat]ials to re> & consolidate ! edifice ( ?\ght4 ,^? writ]s on ! human m9d :o h adh]$ to ! doctr9e ( ,ideas1 & h be5 ! advocates = ! ,spirituality ( ,?\ght1 h insuffici5tly consid]$1 or held 9 subord9ate reg>d1 ,language2 ! prom95t crit]ion1 by :i* a human be+ is pr\dly elevat$ above ! re/ ( ! animat$ creation4 ,spee*1 & its repres5tation by *>act]s1 are exclusively compreh5sible by man2 & ^! h be5 ! s\rces ( 8 va/ atta9m5ts & rapid progression4 ,! e> receives ! v>i\s intonations t convey intellig5ce1 & ! *>act]s or symbols ( ^! significant s\nds are detect$ by ! human eye4 ,"s ( ! m docile animals h be5 suppos$ capable ( compreh5d+ ! mean+ ( a few individual words1 b no "o wor?y ( belief1 has affirm$ t !y c\ld und]/& a s5t5ce or di/9ct proposition3 /ill less1 has any p]son1 h[ev] confid+ 9 ! m>vell\s1 ev] v5tur$ to ass]t t !y 7 able to read4 ,! important feature1 & obvi\s utility ( language1 consi/s 9 ! commutation ( our p]ceptions = a significant s\nd or ^w1 :i* by conv5tion may be communicat$ to o!rs1 be>+ a common & id5tical mean+4 ,9 ?is mann] we become intelligible to ea* o!r1 by ! transmission & reception ( ^! articulate & significant s\nds4 ,words are n only ! repres5tatives ( ! p]ceptions we receive ?r\gh ! m$ium ( our five s5ses1 b likewise ( _m int]nal feel+s1 passions1 & emotions1 toge!r ) all t ! ,m9d 7! aggregate ( capacity & acquir$ intellig5ce7 has elaborat$4 ,! result ( ?is commutation r5d]s ! ^w ! intelligible sub/itute = ! ?+ p]ceiv$1 s t ! pres5ce ( ! object recalls its "n1 & ! "n :5 utt]$ excites ! imm$iate recollection ( ! abs5t object4 ,?is reciprocal sub/itution or mutual ex*ange1 =ms ! basis1 & af=ds a reason = ,language4 ,:oev] w take ! tr\ble to wat* ! progress ( ! *ild f ! comm5cem5t ( its ef=ts to speak1 w be surpris$ ) its display ( curiosity & intellig5ce4 ,x feels delight$ ) ! exi/5ce x enjoys1 & ) ! p[] its s5ses possess to exam9e ! objects ( ! _w t surr\nds x4 ,e organ1 9 succession1 is occupi$ 9 notic+ ! wond]s & my/]ies t are pres5t$4 ,?is incessant1 b sil5t play ( p]ception1 proce$s until a s\nd1 (t5 repeat$1 int]e/s ! s5se ( he>+1 & al?\gh at fir/ dimly compreh5d$1 is meant to repres5t "s pres5t object or p]son1 & :i*1 by an excitem5t little und]/ood1 urges ! ef=t ( imitation4 ,! success ( intelligible pronunciation impels x =w>d to o!r attempts1 vires acquirit eundo1 & 9 a "t comp>atively %ort1 x accumulates a copi\s vocabul>y4 ,^! are ! incipi5t ef=ts to e/abli% t commutation ( ! object ( p]ception = ! ^w1 on :i* ! /ructure ( language is erect$4 ,x is unnecess>y fur!r to trace ^! dawn+s ( spee*1 or to describe ! satisfaction t is felt1 :5 ! *ild by ?is commutation ( p]ceptions = words1 c communicate ! wond]s x has se51 ! delicacies x has ta/$1 or ! flatt]+ comm5dations be/[$ on its p]son & accompli%m5ts4 ,?is commutation conf]s additional satisfaction by be+ enabl$ to inve/ ! object ( imm$iate p]ception ) an appropriate & intelligible "n4 ,?us by ! repeat$ ex]cise ( ?is commutation1 :i* soon becomes confirm$ into habit1 we speak ( ! pa/1 by ! assi/ance ( memory1 ) ! correctness & feel+ ( ! pres5t4 ,at a c]ta9 age we le>n to discrim9ate ! *>act]s t compose words1 7lett]s7--! ord] 9 :i* !y are plac$1 7or?ography17 & ) great] difficulty1 ! position ( ^! words1 to convey a def9ite & connect$ mean+4 ,:5 read+ has be5 fully atta9$1 x mu/ be recollect$ t all ! s5t5ces 9 ! volume we p]use1 are compos$ ( individual words1 t are examples ( ! commutation m5tion$2 & al?\gh ! objects are abs5t1 & ! actions h be5 long s9ce p]=m$1 (t5 = c5turies1 we are int]e/$ 9 ! n>rative1 & be/[ ! appropriate tribute ( sympa?y or admiration4 ,words1 ?us impregnat$ ) def9ite mean+1 become ! float+ curr5cy ( ! m9d1 are ! effici5t mat]ials ( ,?\ght1 & ( its p]spicu\s expression4 ,x has be5 frequ5tly rem>k$1 t ! m9d is m delight$ by mak+ di/ant excursions1 ?an 9 ! exam9ation ( surr\nd+ objects1 or ( ^? directly obvi\s4 ,su* imm$iate assi/ance = ! pursuit & developm5t ( ?is inquiry is pres5t$ 9 two rem>kable in/ances1 :]e ,nature digresses f h] usual c\rse1 & :i* are n ( r>e occurr5ce4 #a/4 ,"s p]sons are born ) _! e>s imp]vi\s to s\nd1 & z language is acquir$ by imitation1#d su* z are deaf1 rema9 mute or dumb4#e ,) ! exception ( ! s5se ( he>+1 !y are l animals ! creatures ( p]ception4 ,"s h display$ consid]able curiosity 9 exam9+ objects by ! eye1 & by ! organs ( t\*1 ta/e1 & smell3 b !y d n1 ) ^! elem5ts ( k1 progressively advance 9 intellig5ce1 until !y h be5 circuit\sly taught ! *>act]s t are ! con/itu5ts ( words1 & also to compreh5d1 t ! ^w itself is ! commut$ sub/itute = ! object p]ceiv$4 ,not)/&+ ^! defici5cies1 & disqualifications = human int]c\rse1 ^! deaf1 & consequ5tly dumb p]sons1 mu/ be1 9 a v high degree1 ! subjects ( ,ideas1 or ( ^? phantasms t are associat$ ) visual p]ception4 ,! second in/ance1 is ( ^? :o are born bl9d1 & cont9ue sightless ?r\gh life4 ,a p]son "u su* total privation ( vision1 mu/ be exempt f ^? phantasms or ,ideas1 t are connect$ )1 or are ! residu>y cont+5ts on visual p]ception3 yet ! bl9d acquire spee*1 :5 "y1 ) equal facility1 z ! *ildr5 :o enjoy sight2 b visible objects mu/1 to !m1 be ab/ract or complex t]ms1 z all su* necess>ily are1 t _c be ! objects ( p]ception4 ,! o!r s5sitive organs1 & especially ! t\*1 to a limit$ ext5t1 become ! sub/itutes = visual defect1 al?\gh !y are no actual comp5sations = sight4 ,by models ! bl9d c become acqua9t$ ) alphabetic *>act]s1 & unite !m into words3 & 9 ! same mann] discrim9ate1 & record ! musical notes4 ,"s ( ! bl9d h become highly intellig5t1 & h excell$ 9 conv]sational acut5ess2 & z human be+s h left ! deaf & dumb 9 ! re>1 not)/&+ ! latt] are furni%$ ) all ! ,ideas t c be inh]it$ f sight4 ,?is con/ant employm5t ( words1 impregnat$ ) mean+1 af=ds ! bl9d consid]able facility 9 acquir+ in=mation by p]t95t que/ions1 & enables him to communicate 8 ?\ghts ) precision & correctness4 ,^! words1 & ! intellig5ce t resides 9 !m1 are ! only s\rces ( 8 k1 78 p]ceptions be+ commut$ = words17 & ! mean+ !y import is all t x is necess>y = him to compreh5d4 ,x may "h be repeat$ t ! capacity by :i* man exclusively ex]cises ! range ( ?\ght by s\nds t are significant1 & receives f o!rs ! same oral intellig5ce1 has no mat]ial basis t we c possibly detect or logically inf]3 b mu/ be consid]$ an end[m5t ( inf9ite p[] & wisdom4 ,be=e we attribute su* va/ p[]s to ^! ,ideas or phantasms1 ! %ad[s ( visual p]ception1 x w be conv5i5t to inquire into _! nature1 & endeav\r to asc]ta9 ! laws by :i* !y are regulat$4 ,9 t /ate ( m5tal relaxation1 :5 ! intellect is n int5tly occupi$ on any p>ticul> subject1 numb]less phantasms w involunt>ily intrude3 =1 dur+ ! "t we are awake1 ! m9d is nev] :olly unoccupi$1 & su* irregul> pres5tations ( ,ideas con/itute our rev]ies4 ,h[ev] ^! ignes fatui may glimm] 9 _! w&]+s1 tumultu\sly assemble1 or abruptly dep>t2 su* conflu5ce or disp]sion contributes no?+ to effective ?\ght4 ,z f> z ^! ,ideas or phantasms1 ! obsequi\s %ad[s ( visual p]ception1 c be trac$1 !y are incapable ( be+ summon$ to appe> by any volunt>y comm&2 b are consequ5tly reviv$ by ! t]m or ^w = :i* ! p]ception is commut$4 ,?us1 hav+ previ\sly notic$ !m ) att5tion1 :5 we speak ( ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral or ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 ! att5dant visions ( ^! build+s imm$iately arise1 & we are impress$ ) a memorial picture 9 conjunction )1 & ?r\gh ! int]v5tion ( ! ^w4 ,! w possesses no p[] to unite or sep>ate ,ideas2 !y adh]e to1 & rema9 ! unalt]able deposits ( p]ception4 ,let x next be ask$1 :at human purpose c be effect$ by _! sole ag5cy8 ,on ^? solemn occasions :5 we address our pray]s to ! ,div9e ,s\rce1 c ^! effusions ( grateful feel+1 & humble petition1 be convey$ 9 phantasms8 ,does n ! lam5t+ & rep5tant s9n] emphatically articulate 8 anxi\s supplications8 ,c any human contract be conclud$ by m]e ,ideas1 or any sy/em ( jurisprud5ce be e/abli%$ on su* vision>y basis8 ,ideas !re=e _c enable u to p]=m our duty t[>ds ,god1 or our neighb\r4#f ,9 pursu+ ?is important subject1 ! c&id confession ( ,mr4 ,,locke bewrays 8 di/ru/ ( ! p[]s & effici5cy ( 8 fav\rite ,ideas4 ,to =m a cle> notion ( ,tru?1 x is v necess>y to consid] ,tru? ( ,?\ght1 & ,tru? ( words di/9ctly "o f ano!r3 b yet x is v difficult to treat ( !m asund]4 ,because x is unavoidable1 9 treat+ ( m5tal propositions to make use ( words2 & !n ! in/ances giv5 ( m5tal propositions1 cease imm$iately to be b>ely m5tal1 & become v]bal4 ,= a m5tal proposition1 be+ no?+ b a b>e consid]ation ( ! ,ideas1 z !y are 9 our m9ds /ripp$ ( names1 !y lose ! nature ( purely m5tal propositions1 z soon z !y are put into words4 ,& t :i* makes x yet h>d] to treat ( m5tal & v]bal ,propositions sep>ately1 is1 t mo/ m51 if n all1 9 _! ,,?9k+1 & reason+s )9 !mselves1 make use ( ,,words1 in/ead ( ,ideas1 at lea/ :5 ! subject ( _! m$itation conta9s 9 x complex ,ideas4 ,:i* is a great evid5ce ( ! imp]fection & unc]ta9ty ( our ,ideas ( t k9d1 & may1 if att5tively made use (1 s]ve = a m>k to %ew u1 :at are ^? ?+s1 we h cle> & p]fect e/abli%$ ,ideas (1 & :at n4--,vol4 ,,ii4 ,c4 #e1 p4 #aie4 ,mr4 ,,locke 0 a pati5t & acute obs]v] ( t :i* pass$ 9 8 own m9d1 :5 he /rictly m$itat$ any p>ticul> subject3 & 9 ?is process he 0 likewise aw>e1 9 common ) o!rs1 t he employ$ words in/ead ( ,ideas 9 8 ?9k+ & reason+ )9 himself4 ,by ,ideas alone1 he confesses t he c\ld n advance2 & = ?is evid5t reason1 because ,ideas are incapable ( be+ communicat$ to o!rs1 or receiv$ by ourselves1 except+ ?r\gh a v]bal m$ium4 ,!re is no evid5ce ( ,?\ght )\t x be p]spicu\sly express$ 9 words address$ to ! e>1 or by _! *>act]s pres5t$ to ! eye2 & ! va9 consci\sness we may feel t our m9d is teem+ ) important ,?\ghts1 is little to be reli$ on1 until we are capable ( express+ !m orally1 or exhibit+ !m 9 writ+4 ,x has be5 a prevail+ op9ion ) ^? atta*$ to ! ,ideal doctr9e1 & :o are advocates = ! spiritual process ( ,?\ght1 t ! ,idea is fir/ conceiv$ m5tally1 & subsequ5tly1 by "s process n expla9$1 inve/$ ) ! correspond+ expression4 ,x is h[ev] c]ta9 t ! ^w itself1 ) ! mean+ t is atta*$ to x1 mu/ be previ\sly acquir$1 & ?or\ghly compreh5d$1 be=e ! ab/ract ,idea1 or nak$ ,?\ght1 c select ! befitt+ expression1 & ransack ! va/ range ( a copi\s vocabul>y4 ,! believ]s 9 ! extreme rapidity ( ?\ght to :i* we %all pres5tly adv]t1 mu/ be al>m$ at ?is mann] ( explanation1 :i* necess>ily con/itutes ,?\ght a two-fold process1 & consequ5tly w\ld consume1 at lea/ d\ble ! "t = its disclosure4 ,p]haps 9 all in/ances ! phraseology we employ1 l our mann]s1 is d]iv$ f ! society we frequ5t3 t :i* is imbib$ f p]sons ( good education be>s ! /amp ( sup]ior discrim9ation & correctness1 contra/$ ) ! rude dialect ( ! vulg>3 b x /ill rema9s unsolv$1 by :at means ^! phantasms1 or ,ideas1 accommodate !mselves ) ! appropriate words to express ! ,?\ghts !y h conceiv$4 ,c x be suppos$ t ! ab/ract1 nak$1 & incommunicable conception possesses an innate sagacity to clo! itself ) a v]bal g>b1 at be/ ( caprici\s & transi5t fa%ion8 ,multa r5asc5tur1 qu jam cecid]e1 cad5tque ,qu nunc sunt 9 honore vocabula1 si volet usus1 ,quem p5es arbitrium e/1 et jus et norma loqu5di4 ,x is c]ta9 t ,ideas may exi/ 9 ! m9d1 z ! connect$ results1 & endur+ phantasms ( visual p]ception1 indep5d5tly ( words1 & su* condition is exemplifi$ 9 ^? born deaf1 :o are consequ5tly dumb3 to :om ! bus9ess ( life is a m]e pantomime1 :o only communicate ! impulses ( passion1 & expose _! want ( compreh5sion4 ,9 dumb significants proclaim _! ,?\ghts4--,h5ry ,v,ith4 ,f ^! examples x appe>s t a human be+ may possess a multitude ( ,ideas1 & yet be :olly ignorant ( language3 & 9 ! in/ances ( ^? born bl9d1 he may acquire spee* to its fulle/ ext5t )\t hav+ any ,ideas1 :i* !re=e _c be consid]$ ! necess>y in/rum5ts ( ,?\ght4 ,?us1 ! presum$ mutual int]c\rse1 & reciprocal correspond5ce betwe5 ,ideas & words is a v disputable conclusion4 ,:5 ! ,idea or phantasm t is connect$ ) visual p]ception appe>s1 9 consequ5ce ( ! ^w be+ m5tion$ 7:i* by commutation is its sub/itute71 ! pres5tation is imm$iate4 ,he :o has visit$ & att5tively not$ int]e/+ sc5es1 m\nta9\s di/ricts1 cat>acts or prospects1 :5 !y are m5tion$1 w h _! phantasms or pictur$ images occur to him1 & he w be aw>e ( !m1 l ! intrusion ( a sudd5 fla%4 ,f ?is ph5om5on ! g5]ally receiv$ op9ion ( ! rapidity ( ,?\ght may 9 all probability h orig9at$4 ,all popul> & settl$ notions1 h[ev] unf\nd$1 l prejudices e>ly imbib$1 are ) difficulty eradicat$4 ,among ^! may be in/anc$ ! dictum ( ! a/oni%+ rapidity ( ,?\ght1 :i* is almo/ prov]bial1 & g5]ally believ$3 ev5 ,mr4 ,,tooke1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #bh1 con=ms to ?is e/abli%$ maxim4 ,words h be5 call$ w+$3 & !y well des]ve t "n1 :5 _! abbreviations are comp>$ ) ! progress :i* spee* c\ld make )\t ^! inv5tions2 b :5 comp>$ ) ! rapidity ( ?\ght1 !y h n ! smalle/ claim to t title4 ,by calculation1 ! progress ( light f ! sun & o!r lum9>ies is said to be asc]ta9$2 & likewise ! rate at :i* s\nd travels3 b hi!rto no contrivance has be5 fabricat$ to e/imate ! rapidity ( ?\ght4 ,if ! succession ( our ?\ghts %\ld be m rapid ?an !y c be di/9ctly appreh5d$1 confusion mu/ ensue1 & _! rapidity w\ld r5d] !m useless4 ,our p]ceptions are regulat$ by ! same law4 ,if ! prismatic col\rs be pa9t$ on a surface :i* is revolv$ ) great rapidity1 ! individual col\rs w n be app>5t4 ,! succession ( s\nds to a def9ite numb]1 may be sev]ally di/+ui%$1 9 a c]ta9 int]val3 b if ! succession be increas$ beyond ! p[] ( discrim9ation1 !y w impress ! e> z "o uni=m s\nd4 ,! same pr9ciple mu/ regulate our ?\ghts1 :e!r !y be compos$ ( ,ideas or words1 or1 if x be possible1 ( bo? jumbl$ toge!r4 ,x does n appe> t our ?\ghts = any useful purpose1 :i* mu/ imply _! communication to o!rs1 or = a record 9 writt5 *>act]s1 c be m rapid ?an ! intelligible pronunciation ( ! words !mselves1 & :i*1 :5 deliv]$ 9 quick succession1 leave ! %ort-h&-writ] beh9d4#g ,z ,ideas c be no?+ m ?an ! m]e phantasms att5dant on visual p]ception1 :i*1 l ! p]ceptions ( ! o!r s5ses1 are commut$ = words1 t1 by ! aid ( memory1 recall 9 _! abs5ce ! objects t h be5 p]ceiv$2 x w\ld be difficult to suppose t ,ideas c\ld =tuit\sly or volunt>ily assemble 9 a m rapid succession1 ?an ! words = :i* !y h be5 commut$1 )\t produc+ confusion4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s to inexp]i5c$ p]sons1 9 giv+ evid5ce be=e a legal tribunal1 or 9 address+ a popul> assembly1 t !y _c proce$2 & !y are g5]ally dispos$ to int]pret ?is failure1 to _! ?\ghts occurr+ 9 a succession too rapid = _! utt]ance4 ,all[+ ! apology to be correct1 x is a pro( t su* rapidity is inconv5i5t1 & r5d]s ! ,?\ght :olly useless if x _c be communicat$4 ,:5 we att5tively measure ! /eps ( our own m9ds 9 ! act ( ?9k+1 & also obs]ve ! progress ( o!rs1 x w be f\nd t effective ,?\ght does n result f ?is rapid & tumultu\s ru% ( ,ideas2 b is a v delib]ate1 & 9 _m cases pa9ful elaboration3 & mu/1 :5 committ$ to writ+1 be subject$ to subsequ5t revisals & repeat$ corrections1 & :i* mu/ be appli$ to ! words con/itut+ ! s5t5ce 9 :i* ! ?\ght is conta9$4 ,f ?is g5]al view ( ! subject1 x is conclud$ t ,ideas1 ! residu>y phantasms ( visual p]ception1 _c directly con/itute or become ! imm$iate in/rum5ts ( ,?\ght4 ,! pres5t ,essay be+ consid]$ an humble attempt to inve/igate a portion ( intellectual physiology1 an apology w sc>cely be deem$ necess>y = a %ort digression to inquire into ! p[]s & faculties ( ! human m9d3 & :i*1 :5 det]m9$1 may be view$ z ! alphabet ( m5tal sci5ce4 ,sy/ems prematurely con/ruct$1 & "u ! impression ( au?ority1 h be5 especial imp$im5ts to our intellectual progress3 & ?is tru? has be5 rem>kably exemplifi$ 9 ! works t h treat$ ( ! human m9d4 ,9 ! num]\s treatises on ?is subject t h issu$ f ! press1 !re is b little agreem5t conc]n+ ^! p[]s or faculties1 & x is evid5t t a def9ite numb] mu/ be requir$3 "s writ]s enum]ate m1 o!rs less1 & x is n unusual = "s ( ^! metaphysical projectors to split a s+le & presum$ faculty into a v>iety ( subdivisions4 ,to ! acute & pati5t obs]v]1 x w appe> t ! op]ations ( ,nature are contriv$ ) admirable simplicity2 b man1 9 8 endeav\rs to expla9 !m1 has g5]ally resort$ to a my/]i\s & disc\rag+ complexity4 ,?us1 z might be expect$1 ! same faculty1 accord+ to diff]5t au?orities1 has dissimil> en]gies1--"o is detect$ to encroa* on ! b\nd>y ( ano!r1 & :5 ! me*anism ( m9d1 fabricat$ by ^! s*ola/ic dictators1 is attempt$ to be set 9 motion1 x is f\nd incapable ( work+4 ,= ! gr& mov+ p[] we h an undef9$1 & consequ5tly un9telligible doctr9e ( ,ideas1 ( suppos$ spiritual & direct+ ag5cy2 ! admission ( :i* w\ld de/roy ! responsibility ( a human be+ bo? "h & h]eaft]1 & degrade 8 ennobl$ condition to ! in/9ct ( ! spee*less brute4 ,to end[ ^! insub/antial & reflect$ phantasms ) "s activity & mimic play1 a !ory ( ! association ( ,ideas has be5 erect$1 )\t hav+ previ\sly e/abli%$ t !y are capable ( su* conf$]ation4 ,a we>isome catalogue ( faculties1 _m ( :i* are conjectural1 has be5 enum]at$2 ,ab/raction1 ,conception1 ,contemplation1 ,consci\sness1 ,comp>ison1 ,imag9ation1 ,judgm5t1 ,memory1 ,recollection1 ,rem9isc5ce1 ,ret5tion1 ,p]ception1 ,s5sation1 ,reflection1 ,?\ght1 ,und]/&+1 ,volition1 & _m o!rs t caprice has creat$1 or a subtle discrim9ation help$ to multiply4 ,^! are ! mat]ials out ( :i* s*ola/ic metaphysicians h fa%ion$ _! unresembl+ model1 & des]t$ ,nature4 ,x is n int5d$ 9 ?is abbreviat$ essay to settle ! pret5sions ( ^! num]\s faculties1 ! discussion ( :i* w\ld require an ample volume3 & ! aw>d might probably be protract$1 till ! claim 0 =gott54 ,:5 we contemplate ! dext]ities t ! h& p]=ms1 & ! monum5ts ( skill & ta/e t x has elaborat$2 x w\ld only create unnecess>y di/9ctions to affirm t x possess$ ! faculties ( sculptur+1 pa9t+1 writ+1 sp9n+1 weav+1 sew+1 & numb]less o!r manipulations3 besides ^? t ult]ior discov]ies may enable x to accompli%4 ,h[ev] pr(use ^! con/ructors ( ! m9d may h be5 9 ! accumulation ( its compon5t faculties1 !y appe> to h little reg>d$ language1 its mo/ prom95t & important feature2 ! univ]sal m5/ruum ( intellig5ce1 & accr$it$ curr5cy = ! circulation & ex*ange ( ?\ght4 ,!re are two faculties or capacities t are peculi> to ! human intellect1 by :i* our species has atta9$ a supremacy t leaves all o!r animat$ be+s 9 a di/ant re>3 ! possession ( :i* has r5d]$ man a progressive be+1 & ! race ( animals s ne>ly /ation>y1 t h[ev] !y may be tortur$ into improvem5t1 !y feel no emulation to proce$1 & ! acquirem5t p]i%es :]e ! brute expires4 ,^! undisput$ faculties are ,spee*1 ) its record+ *>act]s1 & ! compreh5sion ( numb]s1 ! p[]ful s\rces ( t pre-em95ce :i* man has already atta9$1 & to :i* he mu/ be indebt$ = 8 fur!r advancem5t4 ,z ,ideas are :olly incompet5t to expla9 ! process ( ?\ght1 ! next inquiry w be1 :e!r words are capable ( af=d+ ! adequate solution4 ,= ?is purpose1 ! simple exp]im5t w\ld be suffici5t2 & z we are consci\s1 "u due att5tion ( all ! acts t ! m9d p]=ms1 e p]son1 9 proportion to 8 habits ( delib]ately not+ t :i* passes )9 himself1 w be enabl$ to in/itute ?is exam9ation4 ,x is h[ev] to be lam5t$1 t ,?\ght is n ! con/ant or habitual ex]cise ( ! m9d on ! ph5om5a ( ,nature1 ! occurr5ces ( life1 or ! subjects we li/5 to & p]use3 b is only occasionally awak5$ by difficulties1 excit$ by cont5tion1 or invok$ by ! promise ( fame & by ! hope ( emolum5t4 ,! usual c\rse ( education is b little calculat$ to promote ! habitudes ( ?9k+1 & especially t tea*+ :]e au?ority dictates1 & demon/ration is neglect$4 ,mu* ( ?is in/ruction is en=c$ by degradation & t]ror2 & ! pupil1 at an e>ly age1 is compell$ to swall[ doctr9es :i* he is unable to compreh5d1 & consequ5tly _c dige/1 except ?r\gh ! peptic assi/ance ( ! sc\rge3 & :i*1 :5 matur$ by manhood1 & enlight5$ by reason1 he is =c$ to reject4 ,?\ght requires k z its basis1 & 9 proportion to its ext5t on any giv5 subject1 ! inve/igation w be productive4 ,?is k may be acquir$ by conv]sation1 read+1 or exp]im5t1 & ^! require ,language1 or a composition ( words4 ,k supplies ! mat]ials = ?\ght1 & e ?\ght mu/ be a di/9ct proposition1 or s5t5ce compos$ ( words4 ,a s+le ^w1 al?\gh x possesses a di/9ct mean+1 _c con/itute a ?\ght1 :i* implies a sep>ate proposition or inf]5ce conta9$ 9 a s5t5ce3 /ill less c x be suppos$ to result f an individual phantasm or ,idea4 ,:5 x is consid]$ t language is compos$ ( words adapt$ by position to repres5t all ! ph5om5a & cont+5cies ( human affairs1 & t we employ !m1 by commutation1 = all t we c exp]i5ce z s5ti5t & intellectual be+s1 we %all be able to und]/& t !y are ! m5tal curr5cy previ\sly describ$1 & t !y are ! only in/rum5ts ( intellig5ce to :i* we c resort = ! communication ( our ?\ghts1 or = ! process ( _! elaboration4 ,!y mu/ be express$ 9 words1 & by words prep>$ = su* expression4 ,)\t attempt+ to inve/igate ! diff]5t k9ds ( words1 or p>ts ( spee*1 ! prov9ce ( g5]al or philosophical gramm>ians1 ^: unsettl$ disputes /ill p]plex ! pati5t & mode/ inquir]1 x w be suffici5t to rem>k t we possess words adapt$ to convey all ! %ades ( op9ion & degrees ( feel+3 & :5 ^! words1 "u ! guidance ( acquir$ k1 are p]spicu\sly arrang$ into a proposition or s5t5ce1 !y con/itute ,?\ght3 & ! act ( ?9k+ consi/s 9 _! correct selection & arrangem5t = ! purpose ( promulgation by spee* or writ+1 & :i* is v prop]ly t]m$ composition4 ,:5 we reflect1 t f our infancy to ! natural decl9e ( our intellectual p[]s1 we are employ$1 dur+ our wak+ h\rs1 9 ! ex]cise ( language2#h--;by conv]sation1 (t5 desultory1 :]e we range ?r\gh a v>iety ( topics1 z ! bird sports f bran* to twig2 to ! m delib]ate act ( composition1 :]e ! m9d endur+ly broods on ! subject2--or :5 we read1 & att5tively consid] ! ?\ghts ( o!rs3--^! occupations contribute to augm5t our vocabul>y1 & fix ! mean+ ( ! words we employ4 ,by ^! words1 & ! intellig5ce t resides 9 !m1 al?\gh _m c5turies h pass$ by1 we p>ticipate1 & feel impregnat$ ) ! pure & exalt$ _s t conceiv$ ! ,iliad & ,odyssey4 ,"t has n dim9i%$ ! vig\r or impair$ ! beauty ( ^? memorials t h surviv$ ! ext9ction ( ! ,grecian /ates1 & ! glory ( ! et]nal city2 & su* is ! lum9\s correspond5ce ( ,language1 t by transfusion into our v]nacul> idiom1 we may receive a satisfactory measure ( ! orig9al inspiration4 ,let x be kept 9 view1 t ,ideas1 ! frail associates ( a p]ception1 possess no p]man5ce1 are incapable ( be+ transf]r$1 & mu/ fade away :5 our exi/5ce t]m9ates4 ,x is ! ^w t =ms ! nucleus1 & conta9s ! intellectual deposit1 t may become ! inh]itance ( future g5]ations4 ,?is process1 9 no mann] or degree t5ds to subv]t ! spiritual nature ( ,?\ght1 :i* has its s\rce 9 ! capacities :]eby we p]ceive1 rememb]1 & compreh5d t significant s\nds or words are ! commut$ repres5tatives ( ! objects ( intellig5ce4 ,! p]ceptive organs ( _m animals are m exquisitely end[$ ?an man1 & _! local memory m ret5tive2 yet !y are :olly incapable ( compreh5d+ language or calculat+ numb]s2--capacities by :i* ! ,creator has exclusively dignifi$ ! human race4 ,x may excite "s surprise t an ,essay on ,?\ght %\ld be connect$ ) ! con/ruction ( a p]spicu\s s5t5ce4 ,to expla9 ?is conjunction1 x may be urg$1 t !re c be no evid5ce ( ?\ght1 until x is promulgat$ by spee* or writt5 "*3 &1 on all important occasions1 su* communications ( mean+ become absolutely necess>y4 ,acquiesc5ce or diss5t may inde$ be tacitly convey$1 by hold+ up ! h&1 or by ballot1 )\t condesc5d+ to (f] any v]bal reasons = ! adoption or rejection ( ! propos$ measure4 ,affirmation or negation does n 9 any mann] con/itute ,?\ght2 su* det]m9ation may result f caprice1 f ignorance1 or f prejudice1 )\t ! slighte/ consid]ation4 ,?\ght requires "s proposition cle>ly conceiv$ & p]spicu\sly express$ 9 a s5t5ce2 & ! cle>ness ( ! ,?\ght w be asc]ta9$ by ! p]spicuity ( its v]bal expression4 ,!re may be "s difficulty respect+ ! precise mean+ ( individual words1 aris+ f ! corruptions ( ! ignorant2 b m especially f ! p]v]sions ( writ]s :o h be5 deem$ au?orities4 ,?is di/ortion ( ! orig9al s5se1 is1 9 a c]ta9 degree1 incid5tal to all liv+ languages1 :i* be+ 9 *ildhood acquir$ by ! e>1 ! le>n] is compell$ to adopt ! signification ( words1 & employ ! curr5t phraseology ( ^? ) :om he associates4 ,:5 he is subsequ5tly taught to speak & write by rule1 or grammatically1 g5]ally at an age ant]ior to ! ex]cise ( reason1 he is co]c$ to imbibe t :i* is =c$ 9 ! way ( in/ruction4 ,ev5 at a m advanc$ p]iod ! /ud5t _c readily compreh5d h[ a p]spicu\s s5t5ce is =m$ by ! position ( individual words1 ea* be>+ a di/9ct signification1 :i* x is presum$ mu/ be ! fact3 b ,mr4 ,,dugald ,,/ew>t1 9 8 ,philosophical ,essays1 p4 #aee1 has introduc$ a doctr9e entirely opposite to ?is well-f\nd$ position4 ,s diff]5t is all ?is f ! fact1 t our words :5 exam9$ sep>ately1 are (t5 z completely insignificant z ! lett]s ( :i* !y are compos$3 d]iv+ _! mean+ solely f ! connexion1 or relation 9 :i* !y /& to o!rs4 ,= ! memory ( ,mr4 ,,/ew>t1 9 common ) 8 surviv+ pupils1 ,i feel ! rev]5ce t is due to a le>n$1 eloqu5t & amiable in/ructor1 al?\gh ,i may n[ diff] ) him 9 _m ess5tial po9ts relat+ to 8 philosophy ( ! human m9d4 ,! fact1 t e ^w possesses a di/9ct mean+1 appe>s to con/itute "o ( ! f\ndations ( language3 & x is impossible to conceive t any ^w1 9 itself completely insignificant1 c imp>t signification to o!rs2 t :i* x does n conta9 _c be communicat$4 ,! res]vation conta9$ 9 ! ^w (t51 implies t "s words really are significant2 b no directions are giv5 h[ to discov]1 & select f ! copi\s vocabul>y ( our language1 su* z are impregnat$ ) mean+1 9 ord] to expunge ^? t are insignificant4 ,:5 we consult ,dr4 ,,johnson',s ,diction>y1 we f9d t ! great] "p ( ! words enum]at$ 9 8 ample collection1 in/ead ( be+ s5seless1 enjoy an exub]ance ( mean+4 ,?us ! v]b to ?9k has t5 significations2 ! sub/antive ,?\ght 7! pret]ite ( ! v]b71 #ab2 ,some?+1 n4 s41 #e2 ,no?+1 n4 s41 #aa2 ,smoo?1 adj41 #f2 ,r\gh1 adj41 #ab2 ,to /&1 v4 n41 #fi2 ,to run1 v4 n41 #fb2 ,empty1 adj41 #i2 ,full1 adj41 #ae2 ,beg9n+1 n4 s41 #e2 ,end1 n4 s41 #bj2 ,be=e1 prepos41 #ab2 ,aft]1 prep41 #f4 ,h[ev] /range1 or p]haps ludicr\s1 ^! numb]s may seem1 yet1 9 ! progress ( language f b>b>ism to ref9em5t1 f ! assum$ au?ority ( writ]s1 ?is accumulation ( mean+s is inevitable4 ,h[ev] precise ! primitive signification ( words may h be51 imag9ation1 passion1 or feel+ w\ld readily tra9 !m to deflect f _! orig9al import1 "u ! effusions ( ! poet1 ! lunatic1 or ! lov]4 ,a correct etymology w\ld unfold ! rude & simple orig9 ( _m words1 t our ,anglo-saxon1 & ,norman ance/ors h bequea!d to u2 al?\gh we are n[ b little s5sible ( ! legacy2 z ! great mass feels no incl9ation to rev]t to ! s\rce ( d]ivation4 ,_m h be5 di/ort$ by corruption1 & ^! are ! mo/ difficult to trace3 to :i* may be add$1 t ! t]ms we n[ employ to express our feel+s & passions1 & all t depicts m9d & its op]ations1 are ( a figurative or metaphorical orig94 ,in/ead ( any ^w be+ insignificant1 !re is no "o b may become ! key/one 9 a s5t5ce2 & !re=e a ^w blott$ out 9 a p]spicu\s1 t is1 a prop]ly con/ruct$ s5t5ce1 w\ld r5d] x un9telligible4 ,to ! composition ( a s5t5ce1 :atev] may be ! ?\ght1 c]ta9 words are absolutely necess>y1 ea* conta9+ an individual mean+2 :i*1 l a sum 9 addition1 compos$ ( diff]5t units1 ea* possess+ a sep>ate & intr9sic value1 may1 :5 add$ toge!r1 produce ! total4 ,to ^? :o h n att5tively consid]$ ! subject1 !re is consid]able difficulty 9 und]/&+ h[ a det]m9ate numb] ( words c include ! intellig5ce conta9$ 9 a proposition or s5t5ce3 & especially h[ ^! compon5ts ( sep>ate significations c become connect$ = su* g5]al & compreh5sive mean+4 ,x %\ld be recollect$ t su* is ! amaz+ inclosure ( language1 t x compreh5ds all ! liv+ & inanimate mat]ials ( ?is _w1 all t p]ception c detect1 memory recall1 or ?\ght elaborate4 ,?is exposition includes ! pres5t po/ure ( human affairs1 & ! movem5ts we obs]ve3--mu* t has h]et(ore occurr$1 :i* ! *>act]s ( language h pres]v$ unfad$ f d>k & remote ages3 & are compet5t to transmit to a di/ant po/]ity1 ) accumulat$ int]e/3 all t exp]i5ce has amass$1 accompani$ ) ! consol+ promises ( ! future1 :i* ,revelation has unfold$4 ,! ext5d$ empire ( spee*1 & its p]petuat+ *>act]s1 embrace ?is prodigi\s range2 b _! compreh5sion is exclusively limit$ to ! human race4 ,:5 words c repres5t all t is evid5t & all t is conjectural--! works ( ,omnipot5ce1 & ! fabrications ( man--we ne$ to seek no fur!r = ! necess>y mat]ials ( ?\ght4 ,! difficulty t has p]plex$ _m p]sons respect+ ! compactness & unity ( intellig5ce t a s5t5ce conta9s1 pr9cipally arises f _! ignorance ( ! precise mean+ ( individual words4 ,etymologi/s w\ld employ !m 9 _! orig9al s5se1 & consid] !mselves ju/ifi$ by ref]r+ to _! primitive import3 o!rs w\ld use !m accord+ to _! ord9>y acceptation1 :i* may be p]v]t$2 = 9 ! curr5cy ( language1 mu* is defective & c\nt]feit3 b 9 g5]al ! au?ority ( writ]s :o are accr$it$1 h[ev] !y may disagree1 is adopt$4 ,! intr9sic mean+ ( _m words1 especially ! p>ticles1 w appe> obscure2 because !y are disguis$ abbreviations ( o!r words1 &1 9 "s in/ances1 are sunk s deeply1 t !y _c be fa?om$4 ,a protract$ life might n[ be consum$ 9 ! inve/igation ( ^! conv5i5t & necess>y p>ticles1 includ+ ! volum9\s ef=ts ( ^? illu/ri\s gramm>ians :o h t]m9at$ _! discordant lab\rs1 )\t arriv+ at _! primitive signification4 ,! *emical elem5ts ( matt] h und]gone v>i\s re=ms1 & actual revolutions1 & /ill await ult]ior confusion4 ,! cle>ness ( ! ?\ght w be manife/$ by ! p]spicuity ( ! s5t5ce t expresses x4 ,:atev] may be relat$1 is mo/ readily compreh5d$1 :5 detail$ 9 ! /rict ord] ( its occurr5ce4 ,if a procession be describ$1 ! exact sequ5ce ( its tra9 mu/ be not$1 o!rwise x w become a confus$ mixture ( p]sons1 or a mob4 ,! same regul>ity is requir$ 9 ! con/ruction ( a s5t5ce2 & x appe>s =tunate t ! ,engli% language reconciles ?is direct location ( words1 on :i*1 its con=mity to natural ev5ts & human transactions pr9cipally dep5ds4 ,f ?is /raight-=w>d expression ( mean+ we may expect a future excell5ce ( composition1 & a m direct elaboration ( ?\ght4 ,?is di/ant prospect :i* imag9ation pa9ts1 & hope promotes1 c only be realiz$ "u a sy/em :]e light /reams uncontroll$1 & ! atmosph]e we brea! is free4 ,! _s ( lib]ty mu/ preside :]e improvem5t is expect$4 ,:5 we h acquir$ ! p[] & habit ( orig9al ?9k+1 ! mo/ important "p ( education1 ! m9d is emancipat$1 & its indep5d5ce comm5ces3 we cease to be espali]s1 & become /&>ds4 ,hi!rto we h be5 pr9cipally tra9$ accord+ to ! anci5t models4 ,! ,greek & ,lat9 hi/orians1 orators1 & poets1 h consum$1 to a great ext5t1 ! docile season ( y\?3 :5 p]ception is active1 & memory mo/ p]man5tly reta9s its v>i\s deposits1 to ! d]eliction ( ! great pres5tations ( ,nature1 ! op]ations ( numb]s1 ! f\ndations ( sci5ce1 & m especially ! ex]cise ( ?\ght4 ,aft] we h quitt$ s*ool1 & comm5c$ our c>e] ( pr(itable employm5t1 ^! /udies are seldom cont9u$1 & f desuetude are soon =gott52 or only reviv$1 p]haps unaptly1 9 an occasional quotation4 ,ev5 a liv+ language1 :5 n ex]cis$1 fades f ! recollection4 ,! indirect location ( words :i* prevails 9 ,lat91 c be no model = ,engli% composition1 :]e regul> & consecutive mean+ con/itute ! p]spicuity ( ! s5t5ce2 & accord+ to ! reason+ t has be5 adopt$1 ( ! ?\ght itself4 ,words1 & ! mean+ :i* resides 9 ea* individual1 are ! only m$ia by :i* our ?\ghts c be convey$2 & if ^!1 :i* are connect$ by s5se & subject1 are s sep>at$1 or dislocat$1 t x becomes a puzzle to r$uce !m to _! natural ord]1 su* di/raction ought n to be consid]$ an example = ! process ( ?9k+1 & its developm5t by composition or con/ruction ( s5t5ces 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,! connexion t exi/s 9 a p]spicu\s s5t5ce1 is ! conjunction ( mean+1 a fur!r pro( ( ! individual signification ( words1 & :i* be>+ a def9ite s5se1 are select$ = ! purpose ( t composition1 :i* we t]m ! process ( ?9k+4 ,to ?is connexion we are direct$ by ! k we possess ( any p>ticul> subject1 :5 we are int5tly occupi$ 9 its inve/igation1 ) a view to confute or confirm x1 or by a m successful ef=t to arrive at discov]y3 & ^! acts ( ?\ght involve ! cont9uation ( mean+ by ! addition ( words adapt$ to fulfil su* int5tion4 ,connexion1 9 a great degree1 is ! contrivance ( our own m9ds1 & has be5 frequ5tly conf\nd$ ) successive occurr5ces1 _m ( :i*1 on exam9ation1 are detect$ to be 9 no mann] relat$2 mo/ p]sons l9k toge!r circum/ances t ought to be kept ap>t1 & :i* (t5 prove ! s\rce ( unsurm\ntable prejudices4 ,x w sc>cely be cont5d$1 t ! ord] ( "t e/abli%es su* concat5ation1 al?\gh x =ms ! basis ( hi/orical n>rative4 ,ea* portion ( "t mu/ be individual & di/9ct1 & ess5tially consi/s 9 its subdivisions3 inde$1 if we 7 to fuse toge!r h\rs1 days & ye>s1 our exi/5ce w\ld only am\nt to a t$i\s dream4 ,! lett]s ( ! alphabet are insulat$ symbols1 & h no natural connexion ) ea* o!r1 b may be arrang$ to con/itute words1 :i* possess a def9ite mean+4 ,words are 9 ! same situation1 !re is no connexion 9 a vocabul>y2 !y resemble ! individuals ( our species4 ,ea* is a sep>ate be+1 *>g$ ) 8 own prop5sities & peculi> "*2 b he may become connect$ ) o!rs 9 fri5d%ip1 9 int]e/1 or z ! memb] ( a society = p>ticul> objects3 he may conf$]ate ) imm5se bodies1 = ! protection ( 8 rights1 or become "p ( an army = ! de/ruction ( 8 neighb\rs4 ,?us "o philosophical sy/em1 9 pamphlets or 9 =midable volumes1 endeav\rs to ov]turn ano!r3 b ! words are individual1 & h no t5d5cy to associate until !y are enli/$ & discipl9$ into ! composition ( s5t5ces4 ,:5 ! proposition or s5t5ce is =m$1 x ought to be> evid5ce ( ! mo/ direct connexion1 = ! purposes ( be+ readily compreh5d$ & endur+ly reta9$4 ,f ! nature ( our m9ds1 we recollect ev5ts1 h[ev] unconnect$1 9 ! ord] ( _! occurr5ce1 & we acquire by he>t any passage1 ( level con/ruction1 ) great] facility ?an :]e ! natural sequ5ce is dis>rang$2 we repeat l9es f ,pope ) sup]ior fidelity ?an quotations f ,,milton4 ,to compress ?is ,essay into ! smalle/ compass1 citations h be5 /udi\sly avoid$2 yet !re is a temptation to illu/rate ?is subject by ! introduction ( an ,epigram f ,,m>tial1 ,lib4 #e1 ,epig4 #a4 #ac #ad #ah #ae #ag #af #ah ,hoc tibi ,palladi seu collibus ut]is ,alb1 #b #ai #bj #bb #ba #bc #bd ,cs> et h9c ,triviam prospicis inde ,!t93 #be #bh #bf #bg #bh #bf ,seu tua v]idic discunt responsa sorores1 #cj #ca #bi #cb #cj #ca ,plana suburbani qua cubat unda freti3 #cc #cj #ce #cd #cg #ch #ci ,seu placet ne nutrix1 seu filia solis1 #dj #db #da #da #db ,sive salutif]is c&idus anxur aquis2 #ab #a #f #c #h #e #d ,mittimus o r]um felix tutela salusque1 #g #g #ab #h #aj #i ,sospite quo gratum cr$imus esse ,jovem4 ,! figures po9t+ out ! ordo v]borum are accord+ to ! subjo9$ int]pretation ( ,mons4 ,,collesson1 :o prep>$ ?is ,delph9e edition4 ,! same figures h be5 plac$ :]e ! adjective agrees ) ! sub/antive or pron\n2 & = ?is clew to ! consecutive arrangem5t ( ^! disb&$ & disp]s$ memb]s ( ! s5t5ce1 "s "y g5tlem5 at s*ool1 & _m :o h f9i%$ _! education1 w be "u consid]able obligations4 ,x is ( consid]able mom5t t ?is "q %\ld be fully discuss$ 9 ord] to be f9ally det]m9$4 ,! gr\ndwork is physiological1 ! sup]/ructure involves "s moral consid]ations3 & ! conclusions w h an ext5sive influ5ce on ! sy/em ( education t ought to be adopt$4 ,if ! p]ceptions ( ! eye1 & its associat$ phantasms1 or memorial visions1 "u ! "n ( ,,ideas1 are to be view$ z ! effective mat]ials ( our ,?\ghts2 su* inf]5ce is directly confut$ by ! in/ances ( ^? born bl9d1 & cont9ue ?r\gh life )\t sight1 & :o mu/ necess>ily be defici5t ( su* mat]ials4 ,if ,?\ght be ! result ( any imm$iate spiritual dictation1 :i* ! difficulty ( acc\nt+ = x )\t su* my/]i\s ag5cy1 has l$ _m to suppose3 & ( :i* we are n consci\s1 ! responsibility ( our species is de/roy$4 ,if ,?\ght be effect$ by ! selection & arrangem5t ( words1 ea* ( :i* possesses a def9ite mean+1 & is capable :5 conjo9$ ) o!r words1 ( add+ to _! significance3 ( :i* process1 & ! individual /eps t compose x1 we are consci\s "u due att5tion1 ! my/]y vani%es1 & ! act ( ?9k+ becomes unfold$ 9 ! progressive =mation ( a p]spicu\s s5t5ce4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,! eye is ! only organ ( s5se t af=ds a connect$ phantasm1 vision or ,idea4 ,9 ! o!r s5ses1 !re is a memorial connection1 by :i* ! p]ception is recognis$ z hav+ previ\sly occurr$1 & consequ5tly a consci\sness ( =m] p]ception4 ,)\t ^! adjuncts ! repetition ( ^! p]ceptions w\ld be useless z in/rum5ts ( k4 ,avoid+ a l5g!n$ detail conc]n+ ! o!r s5ses1 x w be suffici5t to in/ance ! olfactory organ4 ,if we sc5t ! ess5ces ( rose or jasm9e1 on ! second pres5tation1 !y are recognis$ z hav+ occurr$ be=e3 %\ld we h smell$ ! same p]fumes f ! liv+ plants t exhale !m1 & by ! eye notic$ !m1 we %\ld exp]i5ce a phantasm or ,idea ( ! figure ( ! plants1 b !re w\ld be no phantasm ( ! od\r4 ,! excitation ( ! phantasm associat$ ) ! p]ception1 & ! recollection ( ! p]ception )\t ! phantasm1 by ! attribution ( a "n1 is1 = ! pres5t1 purposely conceal$4 #b ,modification4 ,a ^w ( useless application1 unless ! modus 9 quo agit1 be def9$4 #c ,( ! suppos$ op]ations ( ^! ,ideas1 & ! purposes to :i* !y are subject$1 a few1 among abundant in/ances1 are select$ f ,mr4 ,locke's ,essay4 ,"s ,ideas =w>dly (f] !mselves to all m5's und]/&+2 "s sorts ( tru?s result f any ,ideas1 z soon z ! m9d puts !m into propositions3 o!r ,tru?s require a tra9 ( ,ideas plac$ 9 ord]4--,vol4 ,i4 p4 #fc4 ,:5 ! und]/&+ is once /or$ ) ^! simple ,ideas1 x has ! p[] to repeat1 comp>e1 & unite !m1 ev5 to an almo/ inf9ite v>iety1 & s c make at pleasure new complex ,ideas4--,vol4 ,i4 p4 #ha4 ,! next op]ation we may obs]ve 9 ! m9d ab\t its ,ideas1 is ,,composition1 :]eby x puts toge!r sev]al ( ^? simple ones x has receiv$ f s5sation & reflection1 & comb9es !m into complex ones4--,vol4 ,i4 p4 #aah4 ,if ei!r by any sudd5 v /rong impression1 or long fix+ 8 fancy ^u "o sort ( ?\ghts1 incoh]5t ,ideas h be5 cem5t$ toge!r s p[]fully1 z to rema9 unit$4--,vol4 ,i4 p4 #aba4 ,b !re are degree ( ,madness z ( folly1 ! disord]ly jumbl+ ,ideas toge!r1 9 "s m1 & "s less4 ,vol4 ,i4 p4 #abb4 ,! acts ( ! m9d :]e9 x ex]ts its p[] ov] its simple ,ideas1 are *iefly ?ree4 #a/4 ,comb9+ sev]al simple ,ideas into "o comp\nd "o1 & ?us all complex ,ideas are made4 ,! second1 is br++ two ,ideas1 :e!r simple or complex toge!r1 & sett+ !m by "o ano!r1 s z to take a view ( !m at once1 )\t unit+ !m into "o2 by :i* way x gets all its ,ideas ( relations4 ,! ?ird1 is sep>at+ !m f all o!r ,ideas t accompany !m 9 _! real exi/5ce2 ?is is call$ ,ab/raction4--,vol4 ,i4 p4 #abd4 #d ,! acquirem5t ( language does n :olly consi/ 9 ! imitation ( ! ^w1 b likewise 9 ! compreh5sion t ! articulate s\nd is ! repres5tative ( ! object p]ceiv$4 ,!re are "s p]sons ( defective intellect t ,i h se51 ^: he>+ 0 p]fect1 & :o c\ld :i/le "s tunes1 b :o 7 unable to le>n _! native language s z to und]/& :at 0 said to !m1 & consequ5tly incompet5t to af=d an answ]4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> !y approximate to ! /ate ( animals4 #e ,nec missas audire queunt1 nec r$d]e voces4 #f ,on consult+ ! ,concordance ( ,,crud51 x does n appe> t ! ^w ,,idea1 is to be f\nd 9 our ,translations ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t4 ,,crud51 al?\gh deem$ a ,lunatic1 0 a man ( p]sev]+ rese>* & scrupul\s accuracy4 #g ,x is v probable t ,,m>tial1 9 8 eulogy ( ! ,roman ,not>ius1 may h exce$$ ! actual p]=mance4 ,currant v]ba licet1 manus e/ velocior illis3 ,nondum l+a suum1 dextra p]egit opus4 ,lib4 #ad1 ,epig4 #bjh4 #h ,9 imitation ( ! ,auburn 7,am]ican7 prison1 ! ,middlesex magi/rates1 9 _! judicial wisdom1 h adopt$ an entirely opposite sy/em2 by impos+ an awful sil5ce 9 _! h\se ( correction4 ,?is p5ance mu/ press sorely on ! crim9als ( ! s(t] sex1 to :om tea & conv]sation 7errors except$7 con/itute ! pr9cipal com=ts ( life4 ,,catullus seems to allude to ?is inf]nal art ( exasp]at+ ! mis]ies ( inc>c]ation4 ,nulla fug ratio1 nulla spes3 ,,omnia ,,muta1 ,omnia sunt des]ta3 o/5tant omnia ,le?um4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,g4 ,,hayd51 ,,little ,,college ,,/reet1 ,,we/m9/]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,li/ ,,( ,,works ,,by ,,! ,,au?or4 ,,obs]vations on ,,madness ,,melan*oly4 ,octavo1 #ahji4 ,,illu/rations ( ,,madness4 ,octavo1 #ahaj4 ,,m$ical ,,jurisprud5ce1 z x relates to ,insanity1 accord+ to ! ,law ( ,engl&4 ,octavo1 #ahag4 ,,consid]ations on ! ,,moral ,,managem5t ( ,,insane ,,p]sons4 ,octavo1 #ahag4 ,a ,,lett] to ! ,,gov]nors ( ,,be?lem ,,hospital4 ,octavo1 #ahah4 ,,s\nd ,,m9d4 ,octavo1 #ahai4 ,,lett] to ! ,,"l ,,*ancellor1 on ,,uns\ndness ( ,,m9d & ,imbecility ( ,intellect4 ,octavo1 #ahbc4 ,six ,,lectures on ! ,,intellectual ,,composition ( ,,man4--,vide ,lancet = #ahbg4 ,,lett] to ! ,,metropolitan ,,commission]s 9 ,,lunacy4 ,octavo1 #ahcj4 99 99 99 99 99 7,%ortly w be publi%$7 ,,by ,,dr4 ,,haslam1 ,a ,,"w on ! ,,treatm5t ( ,,insanity conducive to its ,,cure4 ,?is ,treatise w conta9 ! practical exp]i5ce ( =ty ye>s4 ,?ree prelim9>y ,diss]tations w be prefix$4 #a/4 ,h[ f> ,insanity ought to be consid]$ a m5tal affection4 #b;d4 ,on ! influ5ce :i* individuals are capable ( ex]t+ on ! m9ds ( o!rs1 bo? 9 ! sane & insane /ate3 ! latt] ( c\rse becomes ! basis ( t regulation :i* is t]m$ moral managem5t4 #c;d4 ,on ! connexion betwe5 ! sexual organs & ! m9d1 includ+ ! disord]s t h be5 t]m$ nymphomania1 furor ut]9us1 pu]p]al insanity1 b>r5ness1 impot5ce1 & ! attacks t sup]v5e at ! p]iod ( cessation4 ,on ! disord]s t resemble & are n unfrequ5tly conf\nd$ ) ,insanity1 viz4 ,delirium1 ,hypo*ondriasis1 ,morbid ,activity ( ,m9d1 c]ta9 degrees ( ,p>alysis1 & v>i\s n]v\s affections4 ,an inve/igation ( ! exi/+ laws t apply to ,lunatics1 ,idiots1 & p]sons d5om9at$ ( ,uns\nd ,m9d3 ) an accurate exam9ation ( ! degree ( incapacity or imbecility t ought to subject !m to legal protection4 ,reflections on ! p>liam5t>y inquiries relat+ to insane p]sons1 & ! regulations enact$ respect+ ! h\ses 9 :i* lunatics are conf9$4 ,c&id rem>ks on ! e/abli%m5t & duties ( ! ,metropolitan ,commission]s4 ,e/imate ( ! probability ( ! lives ( insane p]sons1 & ( ^? :o h be5 visit$ ) m5tal d]angem5t2 calculat$ = ! guidance ( assurance (fices4